UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
Form 10-Q
(Mark One)
| ☒ | QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 | ||||
For the quarterly period ended March 31, 2025
OR
☐ | TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 | ||||
Commission file number 001-41490
F&G Annuities & Life, Inc.
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
Delaware | 85-2487422 | ||||||||||
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization) | (I.R.S. Employer Identification No.) | ||||||||||
801 Grand Avenue, Suite 2600
Des Moines, Iowa 50309
(Address of principal executive offices, including zip code)
(866) 846-4660
(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)
(Former name, former address and former fiscal year, if changed since last report)
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
| Title of each class | Trading Symbol(s) | Name of each exchange on which registered | ||||||
| Common stock, par value $0.001 per share | FG | New York Stock Exchange | ||||||
| 7.950% Senior Notes due 2053 | FGN | New York Stock Exchange | ||||||
| 7.300% Junior Subordinated Notes due 2065 | FGSN | New York Stock Exchange | ||||||
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant: (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports); and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☒ No ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files). Yes ☒ No ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer” and “smaller reporting company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check one):
| Large accelerated filer | ☐ | Accelerated filer | ☒ | ||||||||
| Non-accelerated filer | ☐ | Smaller reporting company | ☐ | ||||||||
Emerging growth company | ☐ | ||||||||||
If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act.
☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Act). Yes ☐ No ☒
The registrant had outstanding 134,762,569 shares of common stock as of April 30, 2025.
FORM 10-Q
QUARTERLY REPORT
Quarter Ended March 31, 2025
TABLE OF CONTENTS
| Page | |||||
3
F&G ANNUITIES & LIFE, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
(Dollars in millions, except share data)
| March 31, 2025 | December 31, 2024 | ||||||||||
| (Unaudited) | |||||||||||
| ASSETS | |||||||||||
| Investments: | |||||||||||
Fixed maturity securities available for sale, at fair value, at March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, at an amortized cost of $51,026 and $49,729, respectively, net of allowance for credit losses of $80 and $62, respectively | $ | 47,909 | $ | 46,317 | |||||||
| Preferred securities, at fair value | 253 | 270 | |||||||||
| Equity securities, at fair value | 101 | 145 | |||||||||
| Derivative investments | 702 | 792 | |||||||||
Mortgage loans, net of allowance for credit losses of $73 and $70 at March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively | 6,366 | 5,926 | |||||||||
Investments in unconsolidated affiliates (certain investments at fair value of $272 at both March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024) | 4,127 | 3,565 | |||||||||
| Other long-term investments | 587 | 580 | |||||||||
| Policy loans | 115 | 104 | |||||||||
| Short-term investments | 549 | 2,410 | |||||||||
| Total investments | 60,709 | 60,109 | |||||||||
| Cash and cash equivalents | 3,293 | 2,264 | |||||||||
Reinsurance recoverable, net of allowance for credit losses of $20 at both March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024 | 14,746 | 13,369 | |||||||||
| Goodwill | 2,179 | 2,179 | |||||||||
Prepaid expenses and other assets (certain assets held at fair value of $11 at both March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024) | 904 | 950 | |||||||||
| Other intangible assets, net | 5,721 | 5,572 | |||||||||
| Market risk benefits asset | 187 | 189 | |||||||||
| Deferred tax asset, net | 268 | 299 | |||||||||
| Total assets | $ | 88,007 | $ | 84,931 | |||||||
| LIABILITIES AND EQUITY | |||||||||||
| Liabilities: | |||||||||||
| Contractholder funds | $ | 57,823 | $ | 56,404 | |||||||
| Future policy benefits | 9,065 | 8,749 | |||||||||
| Market risk benefits liability | 635 | 549 | |||||||||
| Accounts payable and accrued liabilities | 2,314 | 2,219 | |||||||||
| Income taxes payable | 9 | 5 | |||||||||
| Notes payable | 2,234 | 2,171 | |||||||||
| Funds withheld for reinsurance liabilities | 11,442 | 10,758 | |||||||||
| Total liabilities | 83,522 | 80,855 | |||||||||
| Equity: | |||||||||||
Preferred stock $0.001 par value; authorized 25,000,000 shares as of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024; outstanding and issued 5,000,000 shares as of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024 | — | — | |||||||||
Common stock, $0.001 par value; authorized 500,000,000 shares as of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024; outstanding of 134,707,419 and 126,792,844 as of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively; and issued of 135,917,408 and 127,952,143 as of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively | — | — | |||||||||
| Additional paid-in-capital | 3,741 | 3,464 | |||||||||
| Retained earnings | 2,389 | 2,440 | |||||||||
| Accumulated other comprehensive (loss) income ("AOCI") | (1,734) | (1,923) | |||||||||
Treasury stock, at cost (1,209,989 shares and 1,159,299 shares as of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively) | (33) | (30) | |||||||||
| Total F&G Annuities & Life, Inc. shareholders' equity | 4,363 | 3,951 | |||||||||
| Non-controlling interests | 122 | 125 | |||||||||
| Total equity | 4,485 | 4,076 | |||||||||
| Total liabilities and equity | $ | 88,007 | $ | 84,931 | |||||||
See accompanying Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
4
F&G ANNUITIES & LIFE, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS
(Dollars and shares in millions, except per share data)
| Three months ended March 31, | |||||||||||
| 2025 | 2024 | ||||||||||
| (Unaudited) | |||||||||||
| Revenues: | |||||||||||
| Life insurance premiums and other fees | $ | 489 | $ | 718 | |||||||
| Interest and investment income | 666 | 616 | |||||||||
| Owned distribution revenues | 16 | 23 | |||||||||
| Recognized gains and (losses), net | (263) | 212 | |||||||||
| Total revenues | 908 | 1,569 | |||||||||
| Benefits and expenses: | |||||||||||
| Benefits and other changes in policy reserves (remeasurement gains (losses) (a)) | 524 | 1,161 | |||||||||
| Market risk benefit (gains) losses | 109 | (11) | |||||||||
| Depreciation and amortization | 153 | 123 | |||||||||
| Personnel costs | 67 | 66 | |||||||||
| Other operating expenses | 41 | 58 | |||||||||
| Interest expense | 40 | 30 | |||||||||
| Total benefits and expenses | 934 | 1,427 | |||||||||
| Earnings (loss) before income taxes | (26) | 142 | |||||||||
| Income tax (benefit) expense | (5) | 26 | |||||||||
| Net earnings (loss) | (21) | 116 | |||||||||
| Less: Non-controlling interests | — | 1 | |||||||||
| Net earnings (loss) attributable to F&G | (21) | 115 | |||||||||
| Less: Preferred stock dividend | 4 | 4 | |||||||||
| Net earnings (loss) attributable to F&G common shareholders | $ | (25) | $ | 111 | |||||||
| Earnings per share | |||||||||||
| Basic | |||||||||||
| Net earnings (loss) per share attributable to F&G common shareholders, basic | $ | (0.20) | $ | 0.90 | |||||||
| Diluted | |||||||||||
| Net earnings (loss) per share attributable to F&G common shareholders, diluted | $ | (0.20) | $ | 0.88 | |||||||
| Weighted average shares outstanding F&G common stock, basic basis | 126 | 124 | |||||||||
| Weighted average shares outstanding F&G common stock, diluted basis | 126 | 130 | |||||||||
(a)The remeasurement gains (losses) for the three months ended March 31, 2025 and March 31, 2024 were $19 million and $7 million, respectively.
See accompanying Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
5
F&G ANNUITIES & LIFE, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS)
(In millions)
| Three months ended March 31, | |||||||||||
| 2025 | 2024 | ||||||||||
| (Unaudited) | |||||||||||
| Net earnings (loss) | $ | (21) | $ | 116 | |||||||
| Other comprehensive income (loss), net: | |||||||||||
| Changes in current discount rate - future policy benefits | (86) | 91 | |||||||||
| Changes in instrument-specific credit risk - market risk benefits | 23 | 1 | |||||||||
| Unrealized gain (loss) on investments and other financial instruments | 247 | 2 | |||||||||
| Unrealized gain (loss) on foreign currency translation | 6 | (2) | |||||||||
| Reclassification adjustments for change in unrealized gains and losses included in net earnings (loss) | (1) | 15 | |||||||||
| Other comprehensive income (loss) | 189 | 107 | |||||||||
| Comprehensive income (loss) | 168 | 223 | |||||||||
| Less: Comprehensive income (loss) attributable to non-controlling interests | — | 1 | |||||||||
| Comprehensive income (loss) attributable to F&G | $ | 168 | $ | 222 | |||||||
See accompanying Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
6
F&G ANNUITIES & LIFE, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF EQUITY
(Dollars in millions, except per share data)
(Unaudited)
| F&G Annuities & Life, Inc. shareholders' equity | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Preferred Stock | Common Stock | Additional Paid-in Capital | Retained Earnings | Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) | Treasury Stock | Non-controlling Interests | Total Equity | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance, December 31, 2023 | $ | — | $ | — | $ | 3,185 | $ | 1,926 | $ | (1,990) | $ | (18) | $ | — | $ | 3,103 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Acquisition of non-controlling interest | — | — | — | — | — | — | 136 | 136 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Issuance of preferred stock | — | — | 250 | — | — | — | — | 250 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Treasury stock purchased | — | — | — | — | — | (6) | — | (6) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Stock-based compensation | — | — | 7 | — | — | — | — | 7 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Preferred stock dividends declared | — | — | — | (4) | — | — | — | (4) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Common stock dividends declared | — | — | — | (26) | — | — | — | (26) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other comprehensive income (loss) | — | — | — | — | 107 | — | — | 107 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net earnings | — | — | — | 115 | — | — | 1 | 116 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance, March 31, 2024 | $ | — | $ | — | $ | 3,442 | $ | 2,011 | $ | (1,883) | $ | (24) | $ | 137 | $ | 3,683 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| F&G Annuities & Life, Inc. shareholders' equity | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Preferred Stock | Common Stock | Additional Paid-in Capital | Retained Earnings | Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) | Treasury Stock | Non-controlling Interests | Total Equity | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance, December 31, 2024 | $ | — | $ | — | $ | 3,464 | $ | 2,440 | $ | (1,923) | $ | (30) | $ | 125 | $ | 4,076 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Treasury stock purchased | — | — | — | — | — | (3) | — | (3) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Issuance of common stock | — | — | 269 | — | — | — | — | 269 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Stock-based compensation | — | — | 8 | — | — | — | — | 8 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Preferred stock dividends declared | — | — | — | (4) | — | — | — | (4) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Common stock dividends declared | — | — | — | (26) | — | — | — | (26) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Dividends declared and distributions to non-controlling interests | — | — | — | — | — | — | (3) | (3) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other comprehensive income (loss) | — | — | — | — | 189 | — | — | 189 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net earnings (loss) | — | — | — | (21) | — | — | — | (21) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance, March 31, 2025 | $ | — | $ | — | $ | 3,741 | $ | 2,389 | $ | (1,734) | $ | (33) | $ | 122 | $ | 4,485 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
See accompanying Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
7
F&G ANNUITIES & LIFE, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(In millions)
| Three months ended March 31, | |||||||||||
| 2025 | 2024 | ||||||||||
| (Unaudited) | |||||||||||
| Cash Flows from Operating Activities: | |||||||||||
| Net earnings (loss) | $ | (21) | $ | 116 | |||||||
| Adjustments to reconcile net earnings (loss) to net cash provided by operating activities: | |||||||||||
| Depreciation and amortization | 153 | 123 | |||||||||
| (Gain) loss on sales of investments and other assets and asset impairments, net | 40 | 8 | |||||||||
| Interest credited/index credits to contractholder account balances | 125 | 513 | |||||||||
| Change in market risk benefits, net | 109 | (11) | |||||||||
| Deferred policy acquisition costs and deferred sales inducements | (287) | (311) | |||||||||
| Charges assessed to contractholders for mortality and administration | (79) | (66) | |||||||||
| Distributions from unconsolidated affiliates, return on investment | 4 | 17 | |||||||||
| Stock-based compensation cost | 8 | 7 | |||||||||
| Change in NAV of limited partnerships, net | (63) | (49) | |||||||||
| Change in valuation of derivatives, equity and preferred securities and other assets, net | 220 | (223) | |||||||||
| Changes in assets and liabilities, net of effects from acquisitions: | |||||||||||
| Change in reinsurance recoverable | (13) | (22) | |||||||||
| Change in derivative collateral liabilities | (135) | 151 | |||||||||
| Change in future policy benefits | 210 | 505 | |||||||||
| Change in funds withheld from reinsurers | 648 | 940 | |||||||||
| Net change in income taxes | (12) | 20 | |||||||||
| Net change in other assets and other liabilities | 49 | (184) | |||||||||
| Net cash provided by operating activities | 956 | 1,534 | |||||||||
| Cash Flows from Investing Activities: | |||||||||||
| Proceeds from sales, calls and maturities of investments | 2,913 | 1,586 | |||||||||
| Additions to property and equipment and capitalized software | (5) | (7) | |||||||||
| Purchases of investment securities | (4,986) | (3,629) | |||||||||
| Net proceeds from sales, maturities and purchases of short-term investment securities | 1,862 | 1,190 | |||||||||
| Other acquisitions/disposals, net of cash acquired | — | (268) | |||||||||
| Additional investments in unconsolidated affiliates | (664) | (266) | |||||||||
| Net increase in policy loans | (11) | (7) | |||||||||
| Distributions from unconsolidated affiliates, return of investment | 81 | 17 | |||||||||
| Net change in notes receivable | 1 | — | |||||||||
| Net cash used in investing activities | (809) | (1,384) | |||||||||
| Cash Flows from Financing Activities: | |||||||||||
| Borrowings | 375 | — | |||||||||
| Debt issuance costs | (11) | (5) | |||||||||
| Payment of contingent consideration for acquisitions | (10) | — | |||||||||
| Net revolving credit facility (repayments) borrowings | — | — | |||||||||
| Repayments of outstanding debt | (300) | — | |||||||||
| Dividends paid | (30) | (26) | |||||||||
| Dividends and distributions paid to non-controlling interest shareholders | (3) | — | |||||||||
| Purchases of treasury stock | (3) | (6) | |||||||||
| Issuance of preferred stock | — | 250 | |||||||||
| Issuance of common stock | 269 | — | |||||||||
| Contractholder account deposits | 2,789 | 1,929 | |||||||||
| Contractholder account withdrawals | (2,194) | (1,483) | |||||||||
| Net cash provided by financing activities | 882 | 659 | |||||||||
| Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents | 1,029 | 809 | |||||||||
| Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period | 2,264 | 1,563 | |||||||||
| Cash and cash equivalents at end of period | $ | 3,293 | $ | 2,372 | |||||||
See accompanying Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
8
F&G ANNUITIES & LIFE, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Unaudited)
Note A — Basis of Financial Statements
The financial information in this report presented for interim periods is unaudited and includes the accounts of F&G Annuities & Life, Inc. (“FGAL”) and its subsidiaries (collectively, “we”, “us”, “our”, the "Company" or “F&G”) prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”) and the instructions to Form 10-Q and Article 10 of Regulation S-X. In the opinion of management, all adjustments considered necessary for a fair presentation have been included. All adjustments made were of a normal, recurring nature. This report should be read in conjunction with our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024, filed on February 28, 2025.
Description of the Business
F&G is a majority-owned subsidiary of Fidelity National Financial, Inc. (NYSE: FNF) (“FNF”). We provide insurance solutions and market a broad portfolio of annuity and life insurance products through retail channels and institutional markets and earn commissions on the sale of insurance products through our owned distribution channels. For certain disclosures within this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, we have elected to aggregate business based on the applicable product type, the manner in which information is regularly reviewed by management and the nature of disclosures that exist outside the Company’s GAAP financial statements.
Retail distribution channels products include:
•Deferred annuities including fixed indexed annuities (“FIA”), registered index-linked annuities (“RILA”), (together referred to as “indexed annuities”) and fixed rate annuities including multi-year guarantee annuities (“MYGA”),
•Immediate annuities, and
•Indexed universal life (“IUL”) insurance.
Institutional markets products include:
•Pension risk transfer (“PRT”) solutions, and
•Funding agreements, including funding agreement backed notes (“FABN”) and Federal Home Loan Bank funding agreements (“FHLB”).
F&G has one reporting segment, which reflects the manner by which our chief operating decision maker (“CODM”), the Chief Executive Officer of F&G, views and manages the business. For information about our reporting segment refer to Note R - Segment Information.
Recent Developments
Dividends
On May 7, 2025, our Board of Directors declared a quarterly cash dividend of $0.8594 per share of FNF preferred stock for the period from April 15, 2025 to and excluding July 15, 2025, to be payable on July 15, 2025, to FNF preferred stock record holders on July 1, 2025. On May 7, 2025, our Board of Directors also declared a quarterly cash dividend of $0.22 per common share, payable on June 30, 2025, to F&G common shareholders of record as of June 16, 2025. Generally, no dividends will be declared or paid on F&G common stock and no common stock can be acquired by F&G unless all preferred dividends are declared and paid on the FNF preferred stock.
For the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024, we declared cash dividends of $0.22 and $0.21, respectively, per share of common stock and $0.8594 and $0.8976, respectively, per share of FNF preferred stock.
9
Common Stock Issuance
On March 24, 2025, we completed a public offering of 8,000,000 shares of common stock, par value $0.001 per share. In connection with the offering, we entered into an underwriting agreement, pursuant to which we granted the underwriters of the offering a 30-day option to purchase up to an additional 1,200,000 shares of common stock. Pursuant to the underwriting agreement, the underwriters agreed to resell to FNF 4,500,000 shares of common stock at the same price per share paid by the underwriters, which was $33.60 per share. The underwriters option subsequently expired unexercised. We intend to use the net proceeds from the offering for general corporate purposes, including the support of organic growth opportunities.
Redemption of 5.50% F&G Senior Notes
On February 1, 2025, F&G redeemed the outstanding $300 million aggregate principal amount of its 5.50% Senior Notes due May 1, 2025 (the “5.50% F&G Senior Notes”). The notes were redeemed for a redemption price equal to 100% of the principal amount of the notes plus accrued and unpaid interest to, but excluding, the redemption date.
7.300% F&G Junior Notes
On January 13, 2025, F&G completed its public offering of its 7.300% Junior Subordinated Notes due 2065 with an aggregate principal amount of $375 million (the “7.300% F&G Notes”). F&G intends to use the net proceeds of this offering for general corporate purposes, including the repurchase, redemption or repayment at maturity of outstanding indebtedness.
Refer to Note L- Notes Payable for further information related to these financing facilities.
Unconsolidated Owned Distribution Investments
We paid commissions on sales through our unconsolidated owned distribution investments and their affiliates of approximately $15 million and $50 million for the three months ended March 31, 2025 and March 31, 2024, respectively. The acquisition expense is deferred and amortized in Depreciation and amortization on the unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations.
Updates to Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
Since our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024, we have updated the following significant accounting policies for Derivative Financial Instruments and Funds Withheld Arrangements, which have been followed in preparing the unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements, primarily as a result of executing certain derivative transactions.
Derivative Financial Instruments
Freestanding Derivatives
We economically hedge certain portions of our exposure to product related equity market risk by entering into derivative transactions (primarily equity options). We also utilize certain interest rate swaps to reduce market risks from interest rate changes on our earnings associated with our floating rate investments. All such derivative instruments are recognized as either assets or liabilities in the unaudited Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets at fair value. The changes in fair value of derivatives not designated to hedge relationships are reported within Recognized gains and losses, net in the unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations. The change in the fair value of these derivative instruments is included in operating activities in the unaudited Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows.
10
Hedge Accounting
We designate certain derivatives to fair value or cash flow hedge relationships that hedge exposures to interest rates, foreign currency, or both, associated with changes in the fair value of a recognized asset or liability (“fair value hedge”) or variability of cash flows to be received or paid related to a recognized asset or liability (“cash flow hedge”).
When a derivative is designated as a fair value hedge and is determined to be highly effective, changes in the fair value of the derivative included in the assessment of effectiveness are reported in the same line on the unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations that is used to report the earnings effect of the hedged item.
When a derivative is designated as a cash flow hedge and is determined to be highly effective, changes in the fair value of the derivative included in the assessment of effectiveness are recorded in AOCI until earnings are affected by the variability of cash flows being hedged. At the time the variability of cash flows being hedged impacts net earnings, the related portion of deferred gains or losses on the derivative instrument is reclassified and reported in net earnings in the same line item on the unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations that is used to report the earnings effect of the hedged item.
Any portion of the change in fair value of a derivative designated to a fair value or cash flow hedge relationship that is excluded from the assessment of effectiveness will be recorded in AOCI and amortized into earnings over the life of the remaining term of the hedge relationship.
To qualify for hedge accounting, at hedge inception we formally document our risk management objective and strategy for entering into hedging relationships, as well as the designation of the hedge. In our hedge documentation, we explain how the hedging instrument is expected to hedge the designated risks related to the hedged item and the method that will be used to test for hedge effectiveness on both a prospective and retrospective basis. A derivative designated as a hedging instrument must be assessed as being highly effective in offsetting the designated risk of the hedged item. Effectiveness of the hedge is formally assessed at inception and at least quarterly throughout the life of the hedging relationship.
We prospectively discontinue hedge accounting when (1) the criteria to qualify for hedge accounting is no longer met; (2) the derivative expires, is sold, terminated or is exercised; or (3) we de-designate the derivative from being the hedging instrument for a fair value or cash flow hedge.
If a fair value or cash flow hedge is discontinued, the derivative will continue to be carried at fair value on the unaudited Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets, with changes in fair value recognized prospectively in Recognized gains and losses in the unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations.
For discontinued fair value hedges, the hedged item will no longer be adjusted for changes in the hedged risk and any existing basis adjustment will be amortized into the unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations within the same line item that is used to report other earnings effects of the hedged item. Any amounts remaining in AOCI associated with a component of the change in derivative fair value excluded from the assessment of effectiveness will be amortized into earnings in a manner consistent with how any basis adjustment associated with the hedged item would be amortized.
The component of AOCI related to discontinued cash flow hedges where it is probable the hedged forecasted transaction will not occur, will be immediately reclassified from AOCI into earnings. In all other cases any amounts remaining in AOCI will be amortized into earnings consistent with the earnings impacts expected from the original hedged cash flows.
Embedded Derivatives
We purchase financial instruments that may contain embedded derivative instruments. If it is determined that the embedded derivative possesses economic characteristics that are not clearly and closely related to the economic
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characteristics of the host contract, and a separate instrument with the same terms would qualify as a derivative instrument, the embedded derivative is bifurcated from the host contract for measurement purposes.
Refer to Note D - Derivatives for additional information on derivatives.
Funds Withheld Arrangements
F&G cedes certain business on a coinsurance funds withheld basis. Assets supporting the arrangements are reported within Funds withheld for reinsurance liabilities on our unaudited Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. All assets within the Funds withheld for reinsurance liabilities are recorded in a manner consistent with each respective item of our accounting policies discussed in Note A - Business and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies, of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024. Investment results for the assets that support the coinsurance are segregated within the funds withheld account and are passed directly to the reinsurer pursuant to the contractual terms of the reinsurance agreement, which creates embedded derivatives considered to be total return swaps. These embedded derivatives are not clearly and closely related to the underlying reinsurance agreement and thus require bifurcation. The fair value of the total return swaps are based on the change in fair value of the underlying assets held in the funds withheld account. Beginning in the first quarter of 2025, these embedded derivatives are reported in Funds withheld for reinsurance liabilities, irrespective if in a net asset position or a net liability position, on the unaudited Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets and prior periods have been reclassified from Prepaid expenses and other assets to conform with the current presentation. The related gains or losses are reported in Recognized gains and (losses), net, on the unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations. Refer to Note B - Fair Value of Financial Instruments for descriptions of the fair value methodologies used for these and other derivative financial instruments and Note D – Derivatives, for additional information on these and other derivatives.
Earnings Per Share
Basic earnings per share (“EPS”), as presented on the unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations, is computed by dividing net earnings available to common shareholders in a given period by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during such period. Net earnings available to common shareholders is net earnings adjusted for net earnings attributable to non-controlling interests, preferred stock dividends, including preferred stock dividends declared. In periods when earnings are positive, diluted EPS is calculated by dividing net earnings available to common shareholders by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding plus assumed conversions of potentially dilutive securities. For periods when we recognize a net loss, diluted loss per share is equal to basic loss per share as the impact of assumed conversions of potentially dilutive securities is considered to be antidilutive. Certain shares of restricted stock, using the treasury stock method and, as of January 12, 2024, the FNF preferred stock, using the if-converted method, are treated as common share equivalents for purposes of calculating diluted earnings per share for periods in which the effect is dilutive. The if-converted method assumes that the convertible preferred stock converts into common stock at the beginning of the period or date of issuance, if later.
Refer to Note Q - Earnings Per Share for more details over our calculation of EPS.
Comprehensive Income (Loss)
We report Comprehensive Income (Loss) in accordance with GAAP on the unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss). Total comprehensive income (loss) is defined as all changes in shareholders' equity during a period, other than those resulting from investments by and distributions to shareholders. While total Comprehensive Income (Loss) is the activity in a period and is largely driven by net earnings in that period, Accumulated other comprehensive income or loss (“AOCI”) represents the cumulative balance of other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax, as of the balance sheet date. Amounts reclassified to net earnings relate to the realized gains (losses) on our investments and other financial instruments, excluding investments in unconsolidated affiliates, and are included in Recognized gains and (losses), net on the unaudited
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Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations. The income tax effects are released from AOCI when the related activity is reclassified to net earnings.
Other comprehensive income (loss) (“OCI”)
Changes in the balance of Other comprehensive income (loss) for the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024 by component are as follows (in millions).
| Three months ended March 31, 2025 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Unrealized gain (loss) on investments and other financial instruments, net (excluding investments in unconsolidated affiliates) | Change in current discount rate - future policy benefits | Change in instrument- specific credit risk - market risk benefits | Foreign Currency Translation and Other (a) | Total Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Balance at December 31, 2024 | $ | (2,637) | $ | 798 | $ | (78) | $ | (6) | $ | (1,923) | |||||||||||||||||||
| Reclassification adjustments included in net earnings (b) | 1 | — | — | (2) | (1) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other comprehensive income (loss) before tax, net of reclassifications | 310 | (107) | 29 | 7 | 239 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Deferred income tax (expense) benefit | (63) | 21 | (6) | (1) | (49) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Balance at March 31, 2025 | $ | (2,389) | $ | 712 | $ | (55) | $ | (2) | $ | (1,734) | |||||||||||||||||||
| Three months ended March 31, 2024 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Unrealized gain (loss) on investments and other financial instruments, net (excluding investments in unconsolidated affiliates) | Change in current discount rate - future policy benefits | Change in instrument- specific credit risk - market risk benefits | Foreign Currency Translation and Other (a) | Total Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance at December 31, 2023 | $ | (2,479) | $ | 574 | $ | (83) | $ | (2) | $ | (1,990) | |||||||||||||||||||
| Reclassification adjustments included in net earnings (b) | 15 | — | — | — | 15 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other comprehensive income (loss) before tax, net of reclassifications | 2 | 115 | 1 | (2) | 116 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Deferred income tax (expense) benefit | — | (24) | — | — | (24) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Balance at March 31, 2024 | $ | (2,462) | $ | 665 | $ | (82) | $ | (4) | $ | (1,883) | |||||||||||||||||||
(a)Other includes changes in hedging instruments.
(b)Net of income tax benefit of an immaterial amount and $4 million for the three months ended March 31, 2025 and March 31, 2024, respectively.
Recent Accounting Pronouncements
Adopted Pronouncements
In November 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-07, Segment Reporting (Topic 280): Improvements to Reportable Segment Disclosures. The amendments in this update improve reportable segment disclosure requirements, primarily through enhanced disclosures about significant segment expense categories that are regularly provided to the CODM and included in each reported measure of a segment’s profit or loss. In addition, the amendments enhance interim disclosure requirements that are currently required annually, clarify circumstances in which an entity can disclose multiple segment measures of profit or loss, and contain other disclosure requirements. Additionally, the amendments require that entities with a single reportable segment must now provide all the disclosures previously required under Topic 280. The amendments in this update are incremental to the current requirements of Topic 280 and do not change how a public entity identifies its operating segments, aggregates those operating segments, or applies the quantitative thresholds to determine its reportable segments. We
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adopted this standard as of December 31, 2024 using the retrospective approach for all periods presented as required. Refer to Note R - Segment Information for additional information.
Pronouncements Not Yet Adopted
In December 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-09, Income Taxes (Topic 740): Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures. The amendments in this update enhance the transparency of the income tax disclosures by expanding on the disclosures required annually. The amendments require entities to disclose in their rate reconciliation table additional categories of information about federal, state, and foreign income taxes, in addition to providing details about the reconciling items in some categories if above a quantitative threshold. Additionally, the amendments require annual disclosure of income taxes paid (net of refunds received) disaggregated by jurisdiction based on a quantitative threshold. The amendments in this update are effective for public business entities for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2024. Early adoption is permitted for annual financial statements that have not yet been issued or made available for issuance. The amendments should be applied on a prospective basis, and retrospective application is permitted. We do not expect to early adopt this standard and are in the process of assessing its impact on our disclosures upon adoption.
In November 2024, the FASB issued ASU 2024-03, Income Statement—Reporting Comprehensive Income—Expense Disaggregation Disclosures (Subtopic 220-40): Disaggregation of Income Statement Expenses. The amendments in this update enhance transparency of certain expense captions by disclosing more granular information of specific expenses within those captions such as personnel costs, depreciation, and amortization. The amendments also require disclosure of qualitative description of amounts remaining in relevant expense captions that are not separately disaggregated. The amendments in this update are effective for all public companies for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2026, and interim reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2027. Early adoption is permitted, and the amendments should be applied either prospectively to financial statements issued for reporting periods after the effective date or retrospectively to all prior periods presented in the financial statements. We do not expect to early adopt this standard and are in the process of assessing its impact on our disclosures upon adoption.
Note B — Fair Value of Financial Instruments
Our measurement of fair value is based on assumptions used by market participants in pricing the asset or liability, which may include inherent risk, restrictions on the sale or use of an asset, or non-performance risk, which may include our own credit risk. We estimate an exchange price is the price in an orderly transaction between market participants to sell the asset or transfer the liability (“exit price”) in the principal market, or the most advantageous market for that asset or liability in the absence of a principal market as opposed to the price that would be paid to acquire the asset or assume a liability (“entry price”). We categorize financial instruments carried at fair value into a three-level fair value hierarchy, based on the priority of inputs to the respective valuation technique, along with net asset value. The three-level hierarchy for fair value measurement is defined as follows:
Level 1 – Values are unadjusted quoted prices for identical assets and liabilities in active markets accessible at the measurement date.
Level 2 – Inputs include quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities in active markets, quoted prices from those willing to trade in markets that are not active, or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by market data for the term of the instrument. Such inputs include market interest rates and volatilities, spreads, and yield curves.
Level 3 – Certain inputs are unobservable (supported by little or no market activity) and significant to the fair value measurement. Unobservable inputs reflect the Company’s best estimate of what hypothetical market participants would use to determine a transaction price for the asset or liability at the reporting date based on the best information available in the circumstances.
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Net Asset Value (“NAV”) – Certain equity investments are measured using NAV as a practical expedient in determining fair value. In addition, our unconsolidated affiliates (primarily limited partnerships) are primarily accounted for using the equity method of accounting with fair value determined using NAV as a practical expedient. Our carrying value reflects our pro rata ownership percentage as indicated by NAV in the unconsolidated affiliate’s financial statements, which we may adjust if we determine NAV is not calculated consistent with investment company fair value principles. The underlying investments of the unconsolidated affiliates may have significant unobservable inputs, which may include, but are not limited to, comparable multiples and weighted average cost of capital rates applied in valuation models or a discounted cash flow model. Additionally, management inquires quarterly with the general partner to determine whether any credit or other market events have occurred since prior period financial statements to ensure any material events are properly included in current period valuation and investment income.
In certain cases, the inputs used to measure fair value may fall into different levels of the fair value hierarchy. In such cases, an investment’s level within the fair value hierarchy is based on the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement. Our assessment of the significance of a particular input to the fair value measurement in its entirety requires judgment and considers factors specific to the investment.
When a determination is made to classify an asset or liability within Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy, the determination is based upon the significance of the unobservable inputs to the overall fair value measurement. Because certain securities trade in less liquid or illiquid markets with limited or no pricing information, the determination of fair value for these securities is inherently more difficult. In addition to the unobservable inputs, Level 3 fair value investments may include observable components, which are components that are actively quoted or can be validated to market-based sources.
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Our assets and liabilities measured and carried at fair value on a recurring basis, summarized according to the hierarchy previously described, are as follows (in millions):
| March 31, 2025 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Level 1 | Level 2 | Level 3 | NAV | Fair Value | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Assets | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Cash and cash equivalents | $ | 3,293 | $ | — | $ | — | $ | — | $ | 3,293 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Fixed maturity securities, available-for-sale: | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Asset-backed securities | — | 7,414 | 8,848 | — | 16,262 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Commercial mortgage-backed securities | — | 5,091 | — | — | 5,091 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Corporates | 40 | 18,474 | 2,986 | — | 21,500 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Hybrids | 35 | 471 | 6 | — | 512 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Municipals | — | 1,366 | 4 | — | 1,370 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Residential mortgage-backed securities | — | 2,738 | 3 | — | 2,741 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| U.S. Government | 209 | — | — | — | 209 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Foreign Governments | — | 201 | 23 | — | 224 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Preferred securities | 118 | 128 | 7 | — | 253 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Equity securities | 79 | — | — | 22 | 101 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Derivative investments | 1 | 700 | 1 | — | 702 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Investment in unconsolidated affiliates | — | — | 272 | — | 272 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other long-term investments | — | — | 32 | 32 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Short term investments | 494 | 15 | 40 | — | 549 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Loan receivable, included in Prepaid expenses and other assets | — | — | 11 | — | 11 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Market risk benefits asset | — | — | 187 | — | 187 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total financial assets at fair value | $ | 4,269 | $ | 36,598 | $ | 12,420 | $ | 22 | $ | 53,309 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Liabilities | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Derivatives: | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Indexed annuities/IUL embedded derivatives, included in Contractholder funds | $ | — | $ | — | $ | 5,316 | $ | — | $ | 5,316 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Interest rate swaps, included in Accounts payable and accrued liabilities | — | — | 1 | — | 1 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Reinsurance related embedded derivatives, included in Funds withheld for reinsurance liabilities | — | (78) | — | — | (78) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Contingent consideration, included in Accounts payable and accrued liabilities | — | — | 64 | — | 64 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Market risk benefits liability | — | — | 635 | — | 635 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total financial liabilities at fair value | $ | — | $ | (78) | $ | 6,016 | $ | — | $ | 5,938 | |||||||||||||||||||
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| December 31, 2024 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Level 1 | Level 2 | Level 3 | NAV | Fair Value | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Assets | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Cash and cash equivalents | $ | 2,264 | $ | — | $ | — | $ | — | $ | 2,264 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Fixed maturity securities, available-for-sale: | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Asset-backed securities | — | 7,506 | 8,143 | — | 15,649 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Commercial mortgage-backed securities | — | 5,131 | — | — | 5,131 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Corporates | 41 | 17,496 | 2,941 | — | 20,478 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Hybrids | 35 | 546 | — | — | 581 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Municipals | — | 1,346 | — | — | 1,346 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Residential mortgage-backed securities | — | 2,785 | 3 | — | 2,788 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| U.S. Government | 158 | — | — | — | 158 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Foreign Governments | — | 182 | 4 | — | 186 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Preferred securities | 119 | 144 | 7 | — | 270 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Equity securities | 88 | — | — | 57 | 145 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Derivative investments | — | 789 | 3 | — | 792 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Investment in unconsolidated affiliates | — | — | 272 | — | 272 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other long-term investments | — | — | 32 | — | 32 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Short term investments | 2,355 | 18 | 37 | — | 2,410 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Loan receivable, included in Prepaid expenses and other assets | — | — | 11 | — | 11 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Market risk benefits asset | — | — | 189 | — | 189 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total financial assets at fair value | $ | 5,060 | $ | 35,943 | $ | 11,642 | $ | 57 | $ | 52,702 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Liabilities | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Derivatives: | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Indexed annuities/IUL embedded derivatives, included in Contractholder funds | $ | — | $ | — | $ | 5,220 | $ | — | $ | 5,220 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Interest rate swaps, included in Accounts payable and accrued liabilities | — | 10 | — | — | 10 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Reinsurance related embedded derivatives, included in Funds withheld for reinsurance liabilities | — | (109) | — | — | (109) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Contingent consideration, included in Accounts payable and accrued liabilities | — | — | 74 | — | 74 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Market risk benefits liability | — | — | 549 | — | 549 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total financial liabilities at fair value | $ | — | $ | (99) | $ | 5,843 | $ | — | $ | 5,744 | |||||||||||||||||||
Valuation Methodologies
Cash and Cash Equivalents
The carrying amounts reported in the unaudited Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets for these instruments approximate fair value.
Fixed Maturity, Preferred and Equity Securities
We measure the fair value of our securities based on assumptions used by market participants in pricing the security. The most appropriate valuation methodology is selected based on the specific characteristics of the fixed maturity, preferred or equity security, and we will then consistently apply the valuation methodology to measure the security’s fair value. Our fair value measurement is based on a market approach, which utilizes prices and other relevant information generated by market transactions involving identical or comparable securities. Sources of inputs to the market approach include third-party pricing services, independent broker quotations, or pricing matrices. We use observable and unobservable inputs in our valuation methodologies. Observable inputs include benchmark yields, reported trades, broker-dealer quotes, issuer spreads, two-sided markets, benchmark securities, bids, offers, and reference data including market research publications. In addition, market indicators and industry and economic events are monitored and further market data will be acquired when certain thresholds are met.
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For certain security types, additional inputs may be used, or some of the inputs described above may not be applicable. The significant input used in the fair value measurement of equity securities for which the market approach valuation technique is employed is yield for comparable securities. Increases or decreases in the yields would result in lower or higher, respectively, fair value measurements. For broker-quoted only securities, quotes from market makers or broker-dealers are obtained from sources recognized to be market participants. We believe the broker quotes are prices at which trades could be executed based on historical trades executed at broker-quoted or slightly higher prices.
We analyze the third-party valuation methodologies and related inputs to perform assessments to determine the appropriate level within the fair value hierarchy. However, we did not adjust prices received from third parties as of March 31, 2025 or December 31, 2024.
Certain equity investments are measured using NAV as a practical expedient in determining fair value.
Derivative Financial Instruments
Derivative contracts can either be exchange traded or traded over the counter. Exchange traded derivatives typically fall within Level 1 of the fair value hierarchy if there is active trading activity. Two methods are used to value over-the-counter derivatives. When required inputs are available, certain derivatives are valued using valuation pricing models, which represent what we would expect to receive or pay at the balance sheet date if we cancelled or exercised the derivative or entered into offsetting positions. Valuation models require a variety of inputs, which include the use of market-observable inputs, including interest rate, yield curve volatilities, foreign currency exchange rates and other factors. These over-the-counter derivatives are typically classified within Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy as the majority trade in liquid markets, we can verify model inputs and model selection does not involve significant management judgment. When inputs are not available for valuation models, certain over-the-counter derivatives are valued using independent broker quotes, which are based on unobservable market data and classified within Level 3.
The fair value of the reinsurance-related embedded derivatives in our funds withheld reinsurance agreements are estimated based upon the fair value of the assets supporting the funds withheld from reinsurance liabilities. The fair value of the assets is based on a quoted market price of similar assets (Level 2), and therefore the fair value of the embedded derivative is based on market-observable inputs and classified as Level 2.
The fair value measurement of the indexed annuities/IUL embedded derivatives included in Contractholder funds and the reinsured indexed crediting feature embedded derivatives recorded as a component of the Reinsurance recoverable is determined through a combination of market observable information and significant unobservable inputs using the option budget method. The market observable inputs are the market value of option and treasury rates. The significant unobservable inputs are the budgeted option cost (i.e., the expected cost to purchase equity options in future periods to fund the equity indexed linked feature), surrender rates, mortality multiplier and non-performance spread. The mortality multiplier at March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024 was applied to the 2012 Individual Annuity mortality tables. Increases or decreases in the market value of an option in isolation would result in a higher or lower, respectively, fair value measurement. Increases or decreases in treasury rates, mortality multiplier, surrender rates, or non-performance spread in isolation would result in a lower or higher fair value measurement, respectively. Generally, a change in any one unobservable input would not directly result in a change in any other unobservable input.
Investments in Unconsolidated affiliates
We have elected the fair value option (“FVO”) for certain investments in unconsolidated affiliates as we believe this better aligns them with other investments in unconsolidated affiliates that are measured using NAV as a practical expedient in determining fair value. Investments measured using the FVO are included in Level 3 and the fair values of these investments are determined using a multiple of the affiliates’ earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization (“EBITDA”). The EBITDA is based on the affiliates’ financial information. The
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multiple is derived from market analysis of transactions involving comparable companies. The inputs are considered unobservable, as not all market participants have access to this data.
Other Long-term Investments
We hold a fund-linked note, which provides for an additional payment at maturity based on the value of an embedded derivative based on the actual return of a dedicated return fund. Fair value of the embedded derivative is based on an unobservable input, the NAV of the fund at the balance sheet date. The embedded derivative is similar to an equity option on the NAV of the fund with a strike price of zero since we will not be required to make any additional payments at maturity of the fund-linked note in order to receive the NAV of the fund on the maturity date. A Black-Scholes model determines the NAV of the fund as the fair value of the equity option regardless of the values used for the other inputs to the option pricing model. The NAV of the fund is provided by the fund manager at the end of each calendar month and represents the value an investor would receive if it withdrew its investment on the balance sheet date. Therefore, the key unobservable input used in the Black-Scholes model is the value of the fund. As the value of the fund increases or decreases, the fair value of the embedded derivative will increase or decrease. See further discussion on the available-for-sale embedded derivative in Note D - Derivative Financial Instruments.
The fair value of the credit-linked note is based on a weighted average of a broker quote and a discounted cash flow analysis. The discounted cash flow approach is based on the expected portfolio cash flows and amortization schedule reflecting investment expectations, adjusted for assumptions on the portfolio's default and recovery rates, and the note's discount rate. The fair value of the note is provided by the fund manager at the end of each quarter.
Short-term Investments
The carrying amounts reported in the unaudited Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets for these instruments approximate fair value. Certain short-term investments are valued based on third-party pricing services or broker quotes and are classified as Level 2 or 3.
Loan receivable
Concurrent with the Roar Joint Venture, LLC (“Roar”) purchase agreement, we executed a separate loan agreement with the sellers of Roar. See Note P - Acquisitions for further details of the Roar acquisition. The loan is collateralized by the sellers’ minority equity stake in Roar. The loan receivable is measured at fair value using a discounted cash flow model applied using a Monte Carlo simulation of estimated cash flows at each measurement period and for each simulated path relative to the estimated collateral value. The Monte Carlo simulation utilizes the outstanding principal balance, a risk-adjusted discount rate, and risk-free rates to discount the expected cash flows and compare to the estimated collateral value for each payment period and simulated path. The discounted cash flow approach applies a company-specific discount rate to future expected interest and payoff payments to calculate the estimated fair value based on the average outcome from the simulation. This loan receivable is included in Level 3 and the inputs are considered unobservable, as not all market participants have access to this data.
Contingent Consideration
The contingent consideration is measured at fair value using a discounted cash flow model applied using a Monte Carlo simulation of estimated EBITDA at each measurement period and for each simulated path relative to contractual EBITDA milestones. The Monte Carlo simulation utilizes a risk-adjusted discount rate, volatility assumption, and risk-free rates to assess the probability Roar's EBITDA trajectory reaches required milestones for the earn out payments to be made. The discounted cash flow approach applies a company-specific discount rate based on F&G credit profile to future expected earn out payments to calculate the estimated fair value based on the average outcome from the simulation. See further discussion on the contingent consideration in Note N - Commitments and Contingencies.
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Market Risk Benefits (“MRBs”)
MRBs (inclusive of reinsured MRBs) are measured at fair value using an attributed fee measurement approach where attributed fees are explicit rider charges collectible from the policyholder (or paid to the reinsurer) used to cover the excess benefits. The fair value is calculated using a risk neutral valuation method and is based on current net amounts at risk, market data, internal and industry experience, and other factors. The balances are computed using assumptions including mortality, full and partial surrender, rider benefit utilization, risk-free rates including non-performance spread and risk margin, market value of options and economic scenarios. Policyholder behavior assumptions are reviewed at least annually, typically in the third quarter, for any revisions. Reinsured MRBs are valued using a methodology consistent with direct MRBs, with the exception of the non-performance spread which reflects the credit of the reinsurer. See further discussion on MRBs in Note G - Market Risk Benefits.
Quantitative information regarding significant unobservable inputs used for recurring Level 3 fair value measurements of financial instruments carried at fair value as of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, excluding assets and liabilities for which significant quantitative unobservable inputs are not developed internally and not readily available to the Company (primarily those valued using broker quotes and certain third-party pricing services), are as follows (in millions):
| March 31, 2025 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fair Value | Valuation Technique | Unobservable Input(s) | Range (Weighted average) | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Assets | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fixed maturity securities, available-for-sale: | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Asset-backed securities | $ | 112 | Third-Party Valuation | Discount Rate | 5.02% - 7.29% (6.28%) | ||||||||||||||||||
| Corporates | 688 | Third-Party Valuation | Discount Rate | 2.09% - 24.33% (6.55%) | |||||||||||||||||||
| Municipals | 4 | Third-Party Valuation | Discount Rate | 5.63% - 5.63% (5.63%) | |||||||||||||||||||
| Residential mortgage-backed securities | 3 | Third-Party Valuation | Discount Rate | 5.65% - 5.65% (5.65%) | |||||||||||||||||||
| Foreign Governments | 4 | Third-Party Valuation | Discount Rate | 10.86% - 10.86% (10.86%) | |||||||||||||||||||
| Investment in unconsolidated affiliates | 272 | Market Comparable Company Analysis | EBITDA Multiple | 9.7x - 14.1x (11.8x) | |||||||||||||||||||
| Other long-term investments: | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Available-for-sale embedded derivative | 32 | Black Scholes Model | Market Value of AnchorPath Fund | 100.00% | |||||||||||||||||||
| Prepaid expenses and other assets: | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Loan receivable | 11 | Discounted Cash Flow | Risk-Adjusted Discount Rate | 6.94% - 6.94% (6.94%) | |||||||||||||||||||
| Collateral Volatility | 35.00% - 35.00% (35.00%) | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Market risk benefits asset | 187 | Discounted Cash Flow | Mortality | 80.00% - 115.00% (100.00%) | |||||||||||||||||||
| Surrender Rates | 0.25% - 30.00% (5.01%) | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Partial Withdrawal Rates | 2.00% - 24.39% (2.48%) | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Non-Performance Spread | 0.48% - 0.95% (0.75%) | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| GMWB Utilization | 50.00% - 75.00% (62.06%) | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total financial assets at fair value (a) | $ | 1,313 | |||||||||||||||||||||
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| March 31, 2025 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fair Value | Valuation Technique | Unobservable Input(s) | Range (Weighted average) | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Liabilities | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Derivatives: | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Indexed annuities/IUL embedded derivatives, included in Contractholder funds | $ | 5,316 | Discounted Cash Flow | Market Value of Option | 0.00% - 19.44% (1.98%) | ||||||||||||||||||
| Mortality Multiplier | 80.00% - 115.00% (100.00%) | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Surrender Rates | 0.25% - 50.00% (6.70%) | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Partial Withdrawals | 2.00% - 37.04% (2.71%) | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Non-Performance Spread | 0.48% - 0.95% (0.75%) | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Option Cost | 0.07% - 5.70% (2.72%) | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Accounts payable and accrued liabilities: | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Contingent consideration | 64 | Discounted Cash Flow | Risk-Adjusted Discount Rate | 13.00% - 13.00% (13.00%) | |||||||||||||||||||
| EBITDA Volatility | 35.00% - 35.00% (35.00%) | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Counterparty Discount Rate | 6.50% - 6.50% (6.50%) | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Market risk benefits liability | 635 | Discounted Cash Flow | Mortality | 80.00% - 115.00% (100.00%) | |||||||||||||||||||
| Surrender Rates | 0.25% - 30.00% (5.01%) | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Partial Withdrawal Rates | 2.00% - 24.39% (2.48%) | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Non-Performance Spread | 0.48% - 0.95% (0.75%) | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| GMWB Utilization | 50.00% - 75.00% (62.06%) | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total financial liabilities at fair value | $ | 6,015 | |||||||||||||||||||||
(a)Assets of $11,107 million and liabilities of $1 million for which significant quantitative unobservable inputs are not developed internally and not readily available to the Company (primarily those valued using broker quotes and certain third-party pricing services) are excluded from the respective totals in the table above.
21
| December 31, 2024 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fair Value | Valuation Technique | Unobservable Input(s) | Range (Weighted average) | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Assets | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Asset-backed securities | $ | 95 | Third-Party Valuation | Discount Rate | 4.83% - 7.15% (6.33%) | ||||||||||||||||||
| Corporates | 750 | Third-Party Valuation | Discount Rate | 2.00% - 22.53% (6.76%) | |||||||||||||||||||
| Residential mortgage-backed securities | 3 | Third-Party Valuation | Discount Rate | 5.89% - 5.89% (5.89%) | |||||||||||||||||||
| Foreign Governments | 4 | Third-Party Valuation | Discount Rate | 12.14% - 12.14% (12.14%) | |||||||||||||||||||
| Investment in unconsolidated affiliates | 272 | Market Comparable Company Analysis | EBITDA Multiple | 8.7x - 23.6x (14.6x) | |||||||||||||||||||
| Other long-term investments: | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Available-for-sale embedded derivative | 32 | Black Scholes Model | Market Value of Fund | 100.00% | |||||||||||||||||||
| Prepaid expenses and other assets | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Loan receivable | 11 | Discounted Cash Flow | Risk-Adjusted Discount Rate | 7.22% - 7.22% (7.22%) | |||||||||||||||||||
| Collateral Volatility | 35.00% - 35.00% (35.00%) | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Market risk benefits asset | $ | 189 | Discounted Cash Flow | Mortality | 80.00% - 115.00% (100.00%) | ||||||||||||||||||
| Surrender Rates | 0.25% - 30.00% (5.05%) | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Partial Withdrawal Rates | 2.00% - 24.39% (2.48%) | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Non-Performance Spread | 0.48% -0.95% (0.75%) | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| GMWB Utilization | 50.00% -75.00% (61.77%) | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total financial assets at fair value (a) | $ | 1,356 | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Liabilities | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Derivatives: | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Indexed annuities/ IUL embedded derivatives, included in Contractholder funds | $ | 5,220 | Discounted Cash Flow | Market Value of Option | 0.00% - 20.81% (2.92%) | ||||||||||||||||||
| Mortality Multiplier | 80.00% - 115.00% (100.00%) | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Surrender Rates | 0.25% - 50.00% (6.94%) | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Partial Withdrawals | 2.00% - 35.71% (2.72%) | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Non-Performance Spread | 0.48% - 0.95% (0.75%) | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Option Cost | 0.07% - 5.70% (2.68%) | ||||||||||||||||||||||
22
| December 31, 2024 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fair Value | Valuation Technique | Unobservable Input(s) | Range (Weighted average) | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Accounts payable and accrued liabilities: | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Contingent consideration | $ | 74 | Discounted Cash Flow | Risk-Adjusted Discount Rate | 13.50% - 13.50% (13.50%) | ||||||||||||||||||
| EBITDA Volatility | 35.00% - 35.00% (35.00%) | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Counterparty Discount Rate | 6.50% - 6.50% (6.50%) | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Market risk benefits liability | 549 | Discounted Cash Flow | Mortality | 80.00% - 115.00% (100.00%) | |||||||||||||||||||
| Surrender Rates | 0.25% - 30.00% (5.05%) | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Partial Withdrawal Rates | 2.00% - 24.39% (2.48%) | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Non-Performance Spread | 0.48% - 0.95% (0.75%) | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| GMWB Utilization | 50.00% -75.00% (61.77%) | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total financial liabilities at fair value | $ | 5,843 | |||||||||||||||||||||
(a)Assets of $10,286 million for which significant quantitative unobservable inputs are not developed internally and not readily available to the Company (primarily those valued using broker quotes and certain third-party pricing services) are excluded from the respective totals in the table above.
23
The following tables summarize changes to the Company’s financial instruments carried at fair value and classified within Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy for the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024 (in millions). The gains and losses below may include changes in fair value due in part to observable inputs that are a component of the valuation methodology.
| Three months ended March 31, 2025 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance at Beginning of Period | Total Gains (Losses) for Assets and (Gains) Losses for Liabilities | Purchases | Sales | Settlements | Net transfer In (Out) of Level 3 (a) | Balance at End of Period | Change in Unrealized Included in OCI | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Included in AOCI | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Assets | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fixed maturity securities, available-for-sale: | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Asset-backed securities | $ | 8,143 | $ | 1 | $ | 3 | $ | 1,029 | $ | (143) | $ | (185) | $ | — | $ | 8,848 | $ | 2 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Commercial mortgage-backed securities | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Corporates | 2,941 | (13) | 35 | 345 | (311) | (11) | — | 2,986 | 33 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Hybrids | — | — | — | 6 | — | — | — | 6 | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Municipals | — | — | — | 4 | — | — | — | 4 | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Residential mortgage-backed securities | 3 | — | — | — | — | — | — | 3 | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Foreign Governments | 4 | — | — | 19 | — | — | — | 23 | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Preferred securities | 7 | (1) | 1 | — | — | — | — | 7 | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Derivative investments | 3 | — | (2) | — | — | — | — | 1 | (2) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Investment in unconsolidated affiliates | 272 | — | — | — | — | — | — | 272 | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other long-term investments: | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Available-for-sale embedded derivative | 32 | — | — | — | — | — | — | 32 | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Short term investments | 37 | — | — | 3 | — | — | — | 40 | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Prepaid expenses and other assets: | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Loan receivable | 11 | — | — | — | — | — | — | 11 | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Subtotal assets at Level 3 fair value | 11,453 | $ | (13) | $ | 37 | $ | 1,406 | $ | (454) | $ | (196) | $ | — | 12,233 | $ | 33 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Market risk benefits asset (b) | 189 | 187 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total assets at Level 3 fair value | $ | 11,642 | $ | 12,420 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Liabilities | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Derivatives: | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Indexed annuities/ IUL embedded derivatives, included in Contractholder funds | $ | 5,220 | $ | (67) | $ | — | $ | 256 | $ | — | $ | (93) | $ | — | $ | 5,316 | $ | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Interest rate swaps | — | — | 1 | — | — | — | — | 1 | (1) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Accounts payable and accrued liabilities: | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Contingent consideration | 74 | 2 | — | — | — | (12) | — | 64 | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Subtotal liabilities at Level 3 fair value | 5,294 | $ | (65) | $ | 1 | $ | 256 | $ | — | $ | (105) | $ | — | 5,381 | $ | (1) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Market risk benefits liability (b) | 549 | 635 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Total liabilities at Level 3 fair value | $ | 5,843 | $ | 6,016 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
(a)The net transfers out of Level 3 during the three months ended March 31, 2025 were exclusively to Level 2.
(b)Refer to Note G - Market Risk Benefits for roll forward activity of the net Market Risk Benefits Asset and Liability.
24
Three months ended March 31, 2024 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance at Beginning of Period | Total Gains (Losses) for Assets and (Gains) Losses for Liabilities | Purchases | Sales | Settlements | Net transfer In (Out) of Level 3 (a) | Balance at End of Period | Change in Unrealized Included in OCI | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Included in AOCI | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Assets | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fixed maturity securities, available-for-sale: | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Asset-backed securities | $ | 7,122 | $ | (12) | $ | 104 | $ | 762 | $ | (19) | $ | (202) | $ | (19) | $ | 7,736 | $ | 104 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Commercial mortgage-backed securities | 18 | — | — | 1 | — | — | (7) | 12 | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Corporates | 1,970 | — | 13 | 217 | — | (22) | — | 2,178 | 13 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Municipals | 49 | — | 1 | — | (32) | — | — | 18 | 1 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Residential mortgage-backed securities | 3 | — | — | 1 | — | — | — | 4 | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Foreign Governments | 16 | — | — | — | — | (11) | — | 5 | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Preferred securities | 7 | — | — | — | — | — | — | 7 | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Interest rate swaps | 57 | (48) | — | — | — | — | — | 9 | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Investment in unconsolidated affiliates | 285 | 58 | — | — | — | — | — | 343 | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other long-term investments: | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Available-for-sale embedded derivative | 27 | — | 3 | — | — | — | — | 30 | 3 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Credit linked note | 10 | — | — | — | — | (1) | — | 9 | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Short-term investments | — | — | — | 9 | — | — | — | 9 | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Subtotal assets at Level 3 fair value | 9,564 | $ | (2) | $ | 121 | $ | 990 | $ | (51) | $ | (236) | $ | (26) | 10,360 | $ | 121 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Market risk benefits asset (b) | 88 | 95 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total assets at Level 3 fair value | $ | 9,652 | $ | 10,455 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Liabilities | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Derivatives: | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Indexed annuities/IUL embedded derivatives, included in Contractholder funds | $ | 4,258 | $ | 200 | $ | — | $ | 288 | $ | — | $ | (67) | $ | — | $ | 4,679 | $ | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Interest rate swaps | — | 19 | — | — | — | — | — | 19 | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Accounts payable and accrued liabilities: | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Contingent consideration (c) | — | 9 | — | 48 | — | — | — | 57 | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Subtotal liabilities at Level 3 fair value | 4,258 | $ | 228 | $ | — | $ | 336 | $ | — | $ | (67) | $ | — | 4,755 | $ | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Market risk benefits liability (b) | 403 | 425 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Total liabilities at Level 3 fair value | $ | 4,661 | $ | 5,180 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
(a)The net transfers out of Level 3 during the three months ended March 31, 2024 were exclusively to Level 2.
(b)Refer to Note G - Market Risk Benefits for roll forward activity of the net Market Risk Benefits Asset and Liability.
(c)The initial contingent consideration recorded in the Roar transaction is included in purchases in the table above. Refer to Note P - Acquisitions for more information.
25
Valuation Methodologies and Associated Inputs for Financial Instruments Not Carried at Fair Value
The following discussion outlines the methodologies and assumptions used to determine the fair value of our financial instruments not carried at fair value. Considerable judgment is required to develop these assumptions used to measure fair value. Accordingly, the estimates shown are not necessarily indicative of the amounts that would be realized in a one-time, current market exchange of all of our financial instruments.
Mortgage Loans
The fair value of mortgage loans is established using a discounted cash flow method based on internal credit rating, maturity and future income. This yield-based approach is sourced from our third-party vendor. The internal ratings for mortgages in good standing are based on property type, location, market conditions, occupancy, debt service coverage, loan-to-value, quality of tenancy, borrower, and payment record. The inputs used to measure the fair value of our mortgage loans are classified as Level 3 within the fair value hierarchy.
Investments in Unconsolidated affiliates
The fair value of investments in unconsolidated affiliates is primarily determined using NAV as a practical expedient. Recognition of income and adjustments to the carrying amount are delayed due to the availability of the related financial statements, which are obtained from the general partner generally on a one to three-month delay.
Policy Loans (included within Other long-term investments)
Policy loans are reported at the unpaid principal balance and are fully collateralized by the cash surrender value of underlying insurance policies. The carrying value of the policy loans approximates the fair value and are classified as Level 3 in the fair value hierarchy.
Company Owned Life Insurance
Company owned life insurance (“COLI”) is a life insurance program used to finance certain employee benefit expenses. The fair value of COLI is based on net realizable value, which is generally cash surrender value. COLI is classified as Level 3 within the fair value hierarchy.
Investment Contracts
Investment contracts include deferred annuities (indexed annuities and fixed rate annuities), IUL policies, funding agreements and PRT and immediate annuity contracts without life contingencies. The indexed annuities/IUL embedded derivatives, included in contractholder funds, are excluded as they are carried at fair value. The fair value of the deferred annuities (indexed annuities and fixed rate annuities) and IUL contracts is based on their cash surrender value (i.e., the cost the Company would incur to extinguish the liability) as these contracts are generally issued without an annuitization date. The fair value of funding agreements and PRT and immediate annuity contracts without life contingencies is derived by calculating a new fair value interest rate using the updated yield curve and treasury spreads as of the respective reporting date. The Company is not required to, and has not, estimated the fair value of the liabilities under contracts that involve significant mortality or morbidity risks, as these liabilities fall within the definition of insurance contracts that are exceptions from financial instruments that require disclosures of fair value.
Other
Federal Home Loan Bank of Atlanta (“FHLB”) common stock is carried at cost, which approximates fair value. The carrying amount of FHLB common stock represents the value it can be sold back to the FHLB and is classified as Level 2 within the hierarchy.
26
Notes Payable
The fair value of notes payable, with the exception of our revolving credit facility, is based on quoted market prices of debt with similar credit risk and tenor. The inputs used to measure the fair value of these notes payable results in a Level 2 classification within the fair value hierarchy.
The carrying value of our revolving credit facility approximates fair value as the rates are comparable to those at which we could currently borrow under similar terms. As such, the fair value of our revolving credit facility was classified as a Level 2 measurement. At March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, the outstanding balance of the revolving credit facility was $0.
The following tables provide the carrying value and estimated fair value of our financial instruments that are carried on the unaudited Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets at amounts other than fair value, summarized according to the fair value hierarchy previously described (in millions).
| March 31, 2025 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Level 1 | Level 2 | Level 3 | NAV | Total Estimated Fair Value | Carrying Amount | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Assets | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| FHLB common stock | $ | — | $ | 156 | $ | — | $ | — | $ | 156 | $ | 156 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Commercial mortgage loans | — | — | 2,534 | — | 2,534 | 2,788 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Residential mortgage loans | — | — | 3,338 | — | 3,338 | 3,578 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Investments in unconsolidated affiliates | — | — | 4 | 3,851 | 3,855 | 3,855 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Policy loans | — | — | 115 | — | 115 | 115 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Company-owned life insurance | — | — | 399 | — | 399 | 399 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Total | $ | — | $ | 156 | $ | 6,390 | $ | 3,851 | $ | 10,397 | $ | 10,891 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Liabilities | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Investment contracts, included in Contractholder funds | $ | — | $ | — | $ | 47,722 | $ | — | $ | 47,722 | $ | 52,507 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Notes payable | — | 2,290 | — | — | 2,290 | 2,234 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Total | $ | — | $ | 2,290 | $ | 47,722 | $ | — | $ | 50,012 | $ | 54,741 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| December 31, 2024 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Level 1 | Level 2 | Level 3 | NAV | Total Estimated Fair Value | Carrying Amount | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Assets | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| FHLB common stock | $ | — | $ | 153 | $ | — | $ | — | $ | 153 | $ | 153 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Commercial mortgage loans | — | — | 2,404 | — | 2,404 | 2,705 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Residential mortgage loans | — | — | 2,916 | — | 2,916 | 3,221 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Investments in unconsolidated affiliates | — | — | 5 | 3,288 | 3,293 | 3,293 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Policy loans | — | — | 104 | — | 104 | 104 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Company-owned life insurance | — | — | 395 | — | 395 | 395 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Total | $ | — | $ | 153 | $ | 5,824 | $ | 3,288 | $ | 9,265 | $ | 9,871 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Liabilities | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Investment contracts, included in Contractholder funds | $ | — | $ | — | $ | 46,339 | $ | — | $ | 46,339 | $ | 51,184 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Notes payable | — | 2,228 | — | — | 2,228 | 2,171 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Total | $ | — | $ | 2,228 | $ | 46,339 | $ | — | $ | 48,567 | $ | 53,355 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
27
For investments for which NAV is used as a practical expedient for fair value, we do not have any significant restrictions in our ability to liquidate our positions in these investments, other than obtaining general partner approval, nor do we believe it is probable that a price less than NAV would be received in the event of a liquidation.
We review the fair value hierarchy classifications each reporting period. Changes in the observability of the valuation attributes may result in a reclassification of certain financial assets or liabilities. Such reclassifications are reported as transfers in and out of Level 3, or between other levels, at the beginning fair value for the reporting period in which the changes occur. The transfers into and out of Level 3 were related to changes in the primary pricing source and changes in the observability of external information used in determining the fair value.
Note C — Investments
Our investments in fixed maturity securities have been designated as available-for-sale (“AFS”) and are carried at fair value, net of allowance for expected credit losses, with unrealized gains and losses included within AOCI, net of deferred income taxes. Our preferred and equity securities investments are carried at fair value with unrealized gains and losses included in net earnings. The Company’s consolidated investments are summarized as follows (in millions):
| March 31, 2025 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Amortized Cost | Allowance for Expected Credit Losses | Gross Unrealized Gains | Gross Unrealized Losses | Fair Value | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| AFS securities | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Asset-backed securities | $ | 16,429 | $ | (15) | $ | 174 | $ | (326) | $ | 16,262 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Commercial mortgage-backed securities | 5,260 | (50) | 51 | (170) | 5,091 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Corporates | 23,956 | (14) | 149 | (2,591) | 21,500 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Hybrids | 537 | — | 3 | (28) | 512 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Municipals | 1,591 | — | 5 | (226) | 1,370 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Residential mortgage-backed securities | 2,780 | (1) | 41 | (79) | 2,741 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| U.S. Government | 208 | — | 2 | (1) | 209 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Foreign Governments | 265 | — | 1 | (42) | 224 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total AFS securities | $ | 51,026 | $ | (80) | $ | 426 | $ | (3,463) | $ | 47,909 | |||||||||||||||||||
| December 31, 2024 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Amortized Cost | Allowance for Expected Credit Losses | Gross Unrealized Gains | Gross Unrealized Losses | Fair Value | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| AFS securities | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Asset-backed securities | $ | 15,777 | $ | (13) | $ | 202 | $ | (317) | $ | 15,649 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Commercial mortgage-backed securities | 5,327 | (49) | 53 | (200) | 5,131 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Corporates | 23,177 | — | 103 | (2,802) | 20,478 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Hybrids | 604 | — | 6 | (29) | 581 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Municipals | 1,592 | — | 3 | (249) | 1,346 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Residential mortgage-backed securities | 2,861 | — | 32 | (105) | 2,788 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| U.S. Government | 160 | — | 1 | (3) | 158 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Foreign Governments | 231 | — | — | (45) | 186 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total AFS securities | $ | 49,729 | $ | (62) | $ | 400 | $ | (3,750) | $ | 46,317 | |||||||||||||||||||
Securities held on deposit with various state regulatory authorities had a fair value of $16 million and $866 million at March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively.
As of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, the Company held $33 million and $32 million, respectively, of investments that were non-income producing for a period greater than twelve months.
28
As of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, the Company's accrued interest receivable balance, excluding accrued interest receivable balances related to mortgage loans discussed below under “Mortgage Loans,” was $ million and $ million, respectively. Accrued interest receivable is classified within Prepaid expenses and other assets within the unaudited Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets.
In accordance with our FHLB agreements, the investments supporting the funding agreement liabilities are pledged as collateral to secure the FHLB funding agreement liabilities and are not available to us for general purposes. The collateral investments had a fair value of $4,740 million and $4,289 million as of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively.
The amortized cost and fair value of fixed maturity securities by contractual maturities, as applicable, are shown below (in millions). Actual maturities may differ from contractual maturities because issuers may have the right to call or prepay obligations.
| March 31, 2025 | |||||||||||
| Amortized Cost | Fair Value | ||||||||||
| Corporates, Non-structured Hybrids, Municipal, Foreign and U.S. Government Securities: | |||||||||||
| Due in one year or less | $ | 603 | $ | 603 | |||||||
| Due after one year through five years | 4,117 | 4,103 | |||||||||
| Due after five years through ten years | 5,124 | 5,011 | |||||||||
| Due after ten years | 16,713 | 14,098 | |||||||||
| Subtotal | 26,557 | 23,815 | |||||||||
| Other securities, which provide for periodic payments: | |||||||||||
| Asset-backed securities | 16,429 | 16,262 | |||||||||
| Commercial mortgage-backed securities | 5,260 | 5,091 | |||||||||
| Residential mortgage-backed securities | 2,780 | 2,741 | |||||||||
| Subtotal | 24,469 | 24,094 | |||||||||
| Total fixed maturity AFS securities | $ | 51,026 | $ | 47,909 | |||||||
Allowance for Current Expected Credit Loss
We regularly review AFS securities for declines in fair value that we determine to be credit related. For our fixed maturity securities, we generally consider the following in determining whether our unrealized losses are credit related, and if so, the magnitude of the credit loss:
•The extent to which the fair value is less than the amortized cost basis;
•The reasons for the decline in value (credit event, foreign currency or interest-rate related, including general credit spread widening);
•The financial condition of and near-term prospects of the issuer (including issuer's current credit rating and the probability of full recovery of principal based upon the issuer's financial strength);
•Current delinquencies and non-performing assets of underlying collateral;
•Expected future default rates;
•Collateral value by vintage, geographic region, industry concentration or property type;
•Subordination levels or other credit enhancements as of the balance sheet date as compared to origination; and
•Contractual and regulatory cash obligations and the issuer's plans to meet such obligations.
We recognize an allowance for current expected credit losses on fixed maturity securities in an unrealized loss position when it is determined, using the factors discussed above, a component of the unrealized loss is related to credit. We measure the credit loss using a discounted cash flow model that utilizes the single best estimate cash flow and the recognized credit loss is limited to the total unrealized loss on the security (i.e., the fair value floor). Cash flows are discounted using the implicit yield of bonds at their time of purchase and the current book yield for asset and mortgage-backed securities as well as variable rate securities. We recognize the expected credit losses in
29
Recognized gains and (losses), net in the unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations, with an offset for the amount of non-credit impairments recognized in AOCI. We do not measure a credit loss allowance on accrued investment income because we write-off accrued interest through Interest and investment income when collectability concerns arise.
We consider the following in determining whether write-offs of a security’s amortized cost are necessary:
•We believe amounts related to securities have become uncollectible;
•We intend to sell a security; or
•It is more likely than not that we will be required to sell a security prior to recovery.
If we intend to sell a fixed maturity security or it is more likely than not that we will be required to sell the security before recovery of its amortized cost basis and the fair value of the security is below amortized cost, we will write down the security to current fair value, with a corresponding charge, net of any amount previously recognized as an allowance for expected credit loss, to Recognized gains and (losses), net in the unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations. If we do not intend to sell a fixed maturity security or it is more likely than not that we will not be required to sell a fixed maturity security before recovery of its amortized cost basis but believe amounts related to a security are uncollectible, an impairment is deemed to have occurred and the amortized cost is written down to the estimated recovery value with a corresponding charge, net of any amount previously recognized as an allowance for expected credit loss, to Recognized gains and (losses), net in the unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations. The remainder of unrealized loss is held in AOCI in the unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Equity.
The activity in the allowance for expected credit losses of AFS securities aggregated by investment category was as follows (in millions):
| Three months ended March 31, 2025 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Additions | Reductions | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance at Beginning of Period | For credit losses on securities for which losses were not previously recorded | (Additions) reductions in allowance recorded on previously impaired securities | For securities sold during the period | For securities intended/required to be sold prior to recovery of amortized cost basis | Write offs charged against the allowance | Recoveries of amounts previously written off | Balance at End of Period | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| AFS securities | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Asset-backed securities | $ | (13) | $ | — | $ | (2) | $ | — | $ | — | $ | — | $ | — | $ | (15) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Commercial mortgage-backed securities | (49) | (1) | — | — | — | — | — | (50) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Corporates | — | (14) | — | — | — | — | (14) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Residential mortgage-backed securities | — | — | (1) | — | — | — | — | (1) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total AFS securities | $ | (62) | $ | (15) | $ | (3) | $ | — | $ | — | $ | — | $ | — | $ | (80) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Three months ended March 31, 2024 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Additions | Reductions | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance at Beginning of Period | For credit losses on securities for which losses were not previously recorded | (Additions) reductions in allowance recorded on previously impaired securities | For securities sold during the period | For securities intended/required to be sold prior to recovery of amortized cost basis | Write offs charged against the allowance | Recoveries of amounts previously written off | Balance at End of Period | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| AFS securities | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Asset-backed securities | $ | (11) | $ | (1) | $ | 1 | $ | — | $ | — | $ | — | — | $ | (11) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Commercial mortgage-backed securities | (22) | — | 1 | — | — | — | — | (21) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Residential mortgage-backed securities | (2) | — | 1 | — | — | — | — | (1) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total AFS securities | $ | (35) | $ | (1) | $ | 3 | $ | — | $ | — | $ | — | $ | — | $ | (33) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
30
There were no purchases of purchased credit deteriorated AFS securities during the three months ended March 31, 2025 and for the year ended December 31, 2024.
The fair value and gross unrealized losses of AFS securities, excluding securities in an unrealized loss position with an allowance for expected credit loss, aggregated by investment category and duration of fair value below amortized cost as of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024 were as follows (dollars in millions):
| March 31, 2025 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Less than 12 months | 12 months or longer | Total | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fair Value | Gross Unrealized Losses | Fair Value | Gross Unrealized Losses | Fair Value | Gross Unrealized Losses | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| AFS securities | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Asset-backed securities | $ | 5,365 | $ | (48) | $ | 2,622 | $ | (263) | $ | 7,987 | $ | (311) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Commercial mortgage-backed securities | 693 | (13) | 1,336 | (141) | 2,029 | (154) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Corporates | 5,415 | (138) | 9,322 | (2,453) | 14,737 | (2,591) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Hybrids | 100 | (5) | 306 | (23) | 406 | (28) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Municipals | 179 | (9) | 985 | (217) | 1,164 | (226) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Residential mortgage-backed securities | 494 | (4) | 439 | (69) | 933 | (73) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| U.S. Government | 6 | — | 10 | (1) | 16 | (1) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Foreign Government | 46 | (1) | 130 | (42) | 176 | (43) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Total AFS securities | $ | 12,298 | $ | (218) | $ | 15,150 | $ | (3,209) | $ | 27,448 | $ | (3,427) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total number of AFS securities in an unrealized loss position less than twelve months | 1,839 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total number of AFS securities in an unrealized loss position twelve months or longer | 2,064 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total number of AFS securities in an unrealized loss position | 3,903 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| December 31, 2024 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Less than 12 months | 12 months or longer | Total | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fair Value | Gross Unrealized Losses | Fair Value | Gross Unrealized Losses | Fair Value | Gross Unrealized Losses | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| AFS securities | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Asset-backed securities | $ | 1,164 | $ | (30) | $ | 2,637 | $ | (276) | $ | 3,801 | $ | (306) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Commercial mortgage-backed securities | 699 | (10) | 1,508 | (175) | 2,207 | (185) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Corporates | 6,524 | (202) | 9,234 | (2,600) | 15,758 | (2,802) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Hybrids | 105 | (4) | 380 | (25) | 485 | (29) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Municipals | 261 | (12) | 966 | (237) | 1,227 | (249) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Residential mortgage-backed securities | 898 | (16) | 459 | (89) | 1,357 | (105) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| U.S. Government | 93 | (2) | 10 | (1) | 103 | (3) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Foreign Government | 51 | (1) | 128 | (44) | 179 | (45) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Total AFS securities | $ | 9,795 | $ | (277) | $ | 15,322 | $ | (3,447) | $ | 25,117 | $ | (3,724) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total number of AFS securities in an unrealized loss position less than twelve months | 1,838 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total number of AFS securities in an unrealized loss position twelve months or longer | 2,113 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total number of AFS securities in an unrealized loss position | 3,951 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
We determined the unrealized losses were caused by higher treasury rates compared to those at the time of the FNF acquisition or the purchase of the security if later. For securities in an unrealized loss position as of March 31, 2025, our allowance for expected credit loss was $80 million. We believe the unrealized loss position for which we have not recorded an allowance for expected credit loss as of March 31, 2025 was primarily attributable to interest
31
rate increases, near-term illiquidity, and other macroeconomic uncertainties as opposed to issuer specific credit concerns.
Mortgage Loans
Our mortgage loans are collateralized by commercial and residential properties.
Commercial Mortgage Loans
Commercial mortgage loans (“CMLs”) represented approximately 5% of our total investments reported on the unaudited Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets for both March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024. The mortgage loans in our investment portfolio, are generally comprised of high quality commercial first lien and mezzanine real estate loans. Mortgage loans are primarily on income producing properties including industrial properties, retail buildings, multifamily properties and office buildings. We diversify our CML portfolio by geographic region and property type to attempt to reduce concentration risk. We continuously evaluate CMLs based on relevant current information to ensure properties are performing at a consistent and acceptable level to secure the related debt. The distribution of CMLs, gross of valuation allowances, by property type and geographic region is reflected in the following tables (dollars in millions):
| March 31, 2025 | December 31, 2024 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Gross Carrying Value | % of Total | Gross Carrying Value | % of Total | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Property Type: | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Hotel | $ | 17 | 1 | % | $ | 17 | 1 | % | |||||||||||||||
| Industrial | 657 | 23 | 657 | 24 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Mixed Use | 11 | — | 11 | — | |||||||||||||||||||
| Multifamily | 1,024 | 37 | 1,006 | 37 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Office | 349 | 12 | 349 | 13 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Retail | 75 | 3 | 98 | 4 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Student Housing | 83 | 3 | 83 | 3 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Other | 589 | 21 | 501 | 18 | |||||||||||||||||||
Total CMLs, gross of valuation allowance | 2,805 | 100 | % | 2,722 | 100 | % | |||||||||||||||||
| Allowance for expected credit loss | (17) | (17) | |||||||||||||||||||||
Total CMLs, net of valuation allowance | $ | 2,788 | $ | 2,705 | |||||||||||||||||||
| U.S. Region: | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| East North Central | $ | 99 | 4 | % | $ | 98 | 4 | % | |||||||||||||||
| East South Central | 75 | 3 | 75 | 3 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Middle Atlantic | 348 | 12 | 354 | 13 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Mountain | 409 | 15 | 409 | 15 | |||||||||||||||||||
| New England | 164 | 6 | 164 | 6 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Pacific | 726 | 26 | 706 | 26 | |||||||||||||||||||
| South Atlantic | 742 | 26 | 683 | 25 | |||||||||||||||||||
| West North Central | 62 | 2 | 62 | 2 | |||||||||||||||||||
| West South Central | 180 | 6 | 171 | 6 | |||||||||||||||||||
Total CMLs, gross of valuation allowance | 2,805 | 100 | % | 2,722 | 100 | % | |||||||||||||||||
| Allowance for expected credit loss | (17) | (17) | |||||||||||||||||||||
Total CMLs, net of valuation allowance | $ | 2,788 | $ | 2,705 | |||||||||||||||||||
32
An individual loan, or a portion thereof, is charged off when it is determined to be uncollectible. There were no charge offs for CMLs during the three month period ended March 31, 2025 and for the year ended December 31, 2024. CMLs segregated by aging of the loans (by year of origination) as of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, were as follows, gross of valuation allowances (in millions):
| March 31, 2025 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Amortized Cost by Origination Year | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2025 | 2024 | 2023 | 2022 | 2021 | Prior | Total | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Current (less than 30 days past due) | $ | 99 | $ | 283 | $ | 228 | $ | 290 | $ | 1,253 | $ | 642 | $ | 2,795 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 30-89 days past due | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 90 days or more past due | — | — | — | — | — | 10 | 10 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total CMLs | $ | 99 | $ | 283 | $ | 228 | $ | 290 | $ | 1253 | $ | 652 | $ | 2,805 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| December 31, 2024 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Amortized Cost by Origination Year | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2024 | 2023 | 2022 | 2021 | 2020 | Prior | Total | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Current (less than 30 days past due) | $ | 273 | $ | 227 | $ | 290 | $ | 1,253 | $ | 469 | $ | 201 | $ | 2,713 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 30-89 days past due | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 90 days or more past due | — | — | — | — | — | 9 | 9 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total CMLs | $ | 273 | $ | 227 | $ | 290 | $ | 1,253 | $ | 469 | $ | 210 | $ | 2,722 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Loan-to-value (“LTV”) and debt service coverage (“DSC”) ratios are measures commonly used to assess the risk and quality of mortgage loans. The LTV ratio is expressed as a percentage of the amount of the loan relative to the value of the underlying property. A LTV ratio in excess of 100% indicates the unpaid loan amount exceeds the underlying collateral. The DSC ratio, based upon the most recently received financial statements, is expressed as a percentage of the amount of a property’s net income to its debt service payments. A DSC ratio of less than 1.00 indicates that a property’s operations do not generate sufficient income to cover debt payments. We normalize our DSC ratios to a 25-year amortization period for purposes of our general loan allowance evaluation.
The following tables present the recorded investment in CMLs by LTV and DSC ratio categories and estimated fair value by the indicated loan-to-value ratios, gross of valuation allowances at March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024 (dollars in millions):
| Debt-Service Coverage Ratios | Total Amount | % of Total | Estimated Fair Value | % of Total | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| >1.25 | 1.00 - 1.25 | <1.00 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| March 31, 2025 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| LTV Ratios: | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Less than 50.00% | $ | 437 | $ | 40 | $ | — | $ | 477 | 17 | % | $ | 467 | 18 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 50.00% to 59.99% | 853 | 141 | 12 | 1,006 | 36 | 909 | 36 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 60.00% to 74.99% | 1,251 | 54 | — | 1,305 | 46 | 1,141 | 45 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 75.00% to 84.99% | 4 | 4 | 9 | 17 | 1 | 17 | 1 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total CMLs | $ | 2,545 | $ | 239 | $ | 21 | $ | 2,805 | 100 | % | $ | 2,534 | 100 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| December 31, 2024 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| LTV Ratios: | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Less than 50.00% | $ | 490 | $ | 34 | $ | — | $ | 524 | 19 | % | $ | 501 | 21 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 50.00% to 59.99% | 803 | 112 | 12 | 927 | 34 | 826 | 34 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 60.00% to 74.99% | 1,238 | 16 | — | 1,254 | 46 | 1,060 | 44 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 75.00% to 84.99% | 4 | 4 | 9 | 17 | 1 | 17 | 1 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total CMLs | $ | 2,535 | $ | 166 | $ | 21 | $ | 2,722 | 100 | % | $ | 2,404 | 100 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
33
| March 31, 2025 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Amortized Cost by Origination Year | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2025 | 2024 | 2023 | 2022 | 2021 | Prior | Total | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| LTV Ratios: | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Less than 50.00% | $ | 24 | $ | 73 | $ | 100 | $ | 19 | $ | 74 | $ | 187 | $ | 477 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 50.00% to 59.99% | — | 115 | 53 | 149 | 346 | 343 | 1,006 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 60.00% to 74.99% | 75 | 91 | 71 | 113 | 833 | 122 | 1,305 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 75.00% to 84.99% | — | 4 | 4 | 9 | — | — | 17 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total CMLs | $ | 99 | $ | 283 | $ | 228 | $ | 290 | $ | 1253 | $ | 652 | $ | 2,805 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| DSCR | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Greater than 1.25x | $ | 89 | $ | 112 | $ | 190 | $ | 278 | $ | 1,241 | $ | 635 | $ | 2,545 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 1.00x - 1.25x | 10 | 171 | 38 | 3 | — | 17 | 239 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Less than 1.00x | — | — | — | 9 | 12 | — | 21 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total CMLs | $ | 99 | $ | 283 | $ | 228 | $ | 290 | $ | 1253 | $ | 652 | $ | 2,805 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| December 31, 2024 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Amortized Cost by Origination Year | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2024 | 2023 | 2022 | 2021 | 2020 | Prior | Total | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| LTV Ratios: | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Less than 50.00% | $ | 66 | $ | 99 | $ | 19 | $ | 74 | $ | 189 | $ | 77 | $ | 524 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 50.00% to 59.99% | 112 | 53 | 149 | 321 | 159 | 133 | 927 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 60.00% to 74.99% | 91 | 71 | 113 | 858 | 121 | — | 1,254 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 75.00% to 84.99% | 4 | 4 | 9 | — | — | — | 17 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total CMLs | $ | 273 | $ | 227 | $ | 290 | $ | 1,253 | $ | 469 | $ | 210 | $ | 2,722 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| DSCR | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Greater than 1.25x | $ | 140 | $ | 215 | $ | 278 | $ | 1,241 | $ | 469 | $ | 192 | $ | 2,535 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 1.00x - 1.25x | 133 | 12 | 3 | — | — | 18 | 166 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Less than 1.00x | — | — | 9 | 12 | — | — | 21 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total CMLs | $ | 273 | $ | 227 | $ | 290 | $ | 1,253 | $ | 469 | $ | 210 | $ | 2,722 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
We recognize a mortgage loan as delinquent when payments on the loan are greater than 30 days past due. As of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, we had one CML that was delinquent in principal or interest payments as shown in the tables above.
Residential Mortgage Loans
Residential mortgage loans (“RMLs”) represented approximately 6% and 5% of our total investments reported on the unaudited Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets as of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively. Our RMLs are primarily closed end, amortizing loans and 100% of the properties are located in the United States. We diversify our RML portfolio by state to attempt to reduce concentration risk. The distribution of RMLs by state with highest-to-lowest concentration are reflected in the following tables, gross of valuation allowances (dollars in millions):
| March 31, 2025 | |||||||||||
| Amortized Cost | % of Total | ||||||||||
| U.S. States: | |||||||||||
| Florida | $ | 176 | 5 | % | |||||||
| All other states (a) | 3,458 | 95 | |||||||||
| Total RMLs, gross of valuation allowance | 3,634 | 100 | % | ||||||||
| Allowance for expected credit loss | (56) | ||||||||||
Total RMLs, net of valuation allowance | $ | 3,578 | |||||||||
(a)The individual concentration of each state is less than 5% as of March 31, 2025.
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| December 31, 2024 | |||||||||||
| Amortized Cost | % of Total | ||||||||||
| U.S. States: | |||||||||||
| Florida | $ | 164 | 5 | % | |||||||
| All other states (a) | 3,110 | 95 | |||||||||
| Total RMLs, gross of valuation allowance | 3,274 | 100 | % | ||||||||
| Allowance for expected credit loss | (53) | ||||||||||
Total RMLs, net of valuation allowance | $ | 3,221 | |||||||||
(a)The individual concentration of each state is less than 5% as of December 31, 2024.
RMLs have a primary credit quality indicator of either a performing or non-performing loan. We define non-performing RMLs as those that are 90 or more days past due or in non-accrual status, which is assessed monthly. The credit quality of RMLs as of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, was as follows (dollars in millions):
| March 31, 2025 | December 31, 2024 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Amortized Cost | % of Total | Amortized Cost | % of Total | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Performing | $ | 3,562 | 98 | % | $ | 3,188 | 97 | % | |||||||||||||||
| Non-performing | 72 | 2 | 86 | 3 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Total RMLs, gross of valuation allowance | 3,634 | 100 | % | 3,274 | 100 | % | |||||||||||||||||
| Allowance for expected loan loss | (56) | (53) | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Total RMLs, net of valuation allowance | $ | 3,578 | $ | 3,221 | |||||||||||||||||||
An individual loan, or a portion thereof, is charged off when it is determined to be uncollectible. There were no charge offs recorded by RMLs during the three months ended March 31, 2025 or during the year ended December 31, 2024. RMLs segregated by aging of the loans (by year of origination) as of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, were as follows, gross of valuation allowances (in millions):
| March 31, 2025 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Amortized Cost by Origination Year | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2025 | 2024 | 2023 | 2022 | 2021 | Prior | Total | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Current (less than 30 days past due) | $ | 311 | $ | 719 | $ | 372 | $ | 886 | $ | 793 | $ | 460 | $ | 3,541 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 30-89 days past due | — | 4 | 2 | 6 | 2 | 7 | 21 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 90 days or more past due | — | 1 | 2 | 11 | 26 | 32 | 72 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total RMLs | $ | 311 | $ | 724 | $ | 376 | $ | 903 | $ | 821 | $ | 499 | $ | 3,634 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| December 31, 2024 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Amortized Cost by Origination Year | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2024 | 2023 | 2022 | 2021 | 2020 | Prior | Total | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Current (less than 30 days past due) | $ | 610 | $ | 368 | $ | 911 | $ | 805 | $ | 162 | $ | 312 | $ | 3,168 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 30-89 days past due | 1 | 6 | 4 | 6 | 1 | 3 | 21 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 90 days or more past due | 3 | 2 | 13 | 29 | 13 | 25 | 85 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total RMLs | $ | 614 | $ | 376 | $ | 928 | $ | 840 | $ | 176 | $ | 340 | $ | 3,274 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| March 31, 2025 | December 31, 2024 | ||||||||||
| Residential mortgage: | $ | 72 | $ | 85 | |||||||
| Commercial mortgage: | 10 | 9 | |||||||||
| Total non-accrual mortgages | $ | 82 | $ | 94 | |||||||
Immaterial interest income was recognized on non-accrual financing receivables for the three months ended March 31, 2025 and March 31, 2024.
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It is our policy to cease to accrue interest on loans that are delinquent for 90 days or more. For loans less than 90 days delinquent, interest is accrued unless it is determined that the accrued interest is not collectible. If a loan becomes 90 days or more delinquent, it is our general policy to initiate foreclosure proceedings unless a workout arrangement to bring the loan current is in place. As of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, we had $82 million and $94 million respectively, of mortgage loans that were over 90 days past due.
As of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, we had $77 million and $81 million, respectively, of residential mortgage loans that were in the process of foreclosure.
Loan Modifications
Under certain circumstances, modifications are granted to mortgage loans. Generally, the types of concessions may include interest rate reduction, term extension, payment deferrals, principal forgiveness or a combination of these concessions. We had an immaterial amount of mortgage loans modified during the three months ended March 31, 2025 and March 31, 2024.
Allowance for Expected Credit Loss
We estimate expected credit losses for our commercial and residential mortgage loan portfolios using a probability of default/loss given default model. Significant inputs to this model include, where applicable, the loans' current performance, underlying collateral type, location, contractual life, LTV, DSC and Debt to Income or FICO. The model projects losses using a two-year reasonable and supportable forecast and then reverts over a three-year period to market-wide historical loss experience. Changes in our allowance for expected credit losses on mortgage loans are recognized in Recognized gains and (losses), net in the unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations.
The allowances for our mortgage loan portfolio are summarized as follows (in millions):
Three months ended March 31, 2025 | |||||||||||||||||
| Residential Mortgage | Commercial Mortgage | Total | |||||||||||||||
| Beginning Balance | $ | (53) | $ | (17) | $ | (70) | |||||||||||
| Provision expense for loan losses | (3) | — | (3) | ||||||||||||||
| Ending Balance | $ | (56) | $ | (17) | $ | (73) | |||||||||||
Three months ended March 31, 2024 | |||||||||||||||||
| Residential Mortgage | Commercial Mortgage | Total | |||||||||||||||
Beginning Balance | $ | (54) | $ | (12) | $ | (66) | |||||||||||
| Provision expense for loan losses | — | (1) | (1) | ||||||||||||||
Ending Balance | $ | (54) | $ | (13) | $ | (67) | |||||||||||
An allowance for expected credit loss is not measured on accrued interest income for CMLs as we have a process to write-off interest on loans that enter into non-accrual status (90 days or more past due). Allowances for expected credit losses are measured on accrued interest income for RMLs and were immaterial for the three months ended March 31, 2025 and March 31, 2024.
There were no purchases of purchased credit deteriorated mortgage loans during the three months ended March 31, 2025 and for the year ended December 31, 2024.
As of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, the accrued interest receivable balance on CMLs totaled $9 million and $8 million, respectively, and the accrued interest receivable on RMLs totaled $31 million and $28 million, respectively. Accrued interest receivable is classified within Prepaid expenses and other assets within the unaudited Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets.
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Interest and Investment Income
The major sources of Interest and investment income reported on the unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations were as follows (in millions):
| Three months ended March 31, | |||||||||||
| 2025 | 2024 | ||||||||||
| Fixed maturity securities, available-for-sale | $ | 549 | $ | 516 | |||||||
| Equity securities | 5 | 6 | |||||||||
| Preferred securities | 3 | 6 | |||||||||
| Mortgage loans | 82 | 66 | |||||||||
| Invested cash and short-term investments | 34 | 28 | |||||||||
| Limited partnerships | 54 | 54 | |||||||||
| Other investments | 2 | 10 | |||||||||
| Gross investment income | 729 | 686 | |||||||||
| Investment expense | (63) | (70) | |||||||||
| Interest and investment income | $ | 666 | $ | 616 | |||||||
Interest and investment income is shown net of amounts attributable to certain funds withheld reinsurance agreements which is passed along to the reinsurer in accordance with the terms of these agreements. Interest and investment income attributable to these agreements, and thus excluded from the totals in the table above, was $184 million and $127 million for the three months ended March 31, 2025 and March 31, 2024, respectively.
Recognized Gains and (Losses), Net
Details underlying Recognized gains and (losses), net reported on the unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations were as follows (in millions):
| Three months ended March 31, | |||||||||||
| 2025 | 2024 | ||||||||||
| Net realized (losses) on fixed maturity available-for-sale securities | $ | (1) | $ | (19) | |||||||
| Net realized/unrealized (losses) on equity securities (a) | (15) | (1) | |||||||||
| Net realized/unrealized (losses) gains on preferred securities (b) | (1) | 10 | |||||||||
| Net realized/unrealized gains on other invested assets | 1 | 58 | |||||||||
| Change in allowance for expected credit losses | (22) | — | |||||||||
| Derivatives and embedded derivatives: | |||||||||||
| Realized (losses) gains on certain derivative instruments | (25) | 21 | |||||||||
| Unrealized (losses) gains on certain derivative instruments | (159) | 158 | |||||||||
| Change in fair value of reinsurance related embedded derivatives (c) | (41) | (18) | |||||||||
| Change in fair value of other derivatives and embedded derivatives | — | 3 | |||||||||
| Net realized/ unrealized (losses) gains on derivatives and embedded derivatives | (225) | 164 | |||||||||
| Recognized gains and (losses), net | $ | (263) | $ | 212 | |||||||
(a)Includes net valuation losses of $5 million and $1 million for the three months ended March 31, 2025 and March 31, 2024, respectively.
(b)Includes net valuation gains of an immaterial amount and $9 million for the three months ended March 31, 2025 and March 31, 2024, respectively.
(c)Change in fair value of reinsurance related embedded derivatives is due to activity related to the reinsurance treaties.
Recognized gains and (losses), net is shown net of amounts attributable to certain funds withheld reinsurance agreements which are passed along to the reinsurer in accordance with the terms of these agreements. Recognized gains and (losses) attributable to these agreements, and thus excluded from the totals in the table above, were $(42) million and $(19) million for the three months ended March 31, 2025 and March 31, 2024, respectively.
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The proceeds from the sale of fixed-maturity securities and the gross gains and losses associated with those transactions were as follows (in millions):
Unconsolidated Variable Interest Entities
We own investments in variable interest entities (“VIEs”) that are not consolidated within our financial statements. A VIE is an entity that does not have sufficient equity to finance its own activities without additional financial support, where investors lack certain characteristics of a controlling financial interest, or where the entity is structured with non-substantive voting rights. VIEs are consolidated by their ‘primary beneficiary,’ a designation given to an entity that receives both the benefits from the VIE as well as the substantive power to make its key economic decisions. While we participate in the benefits from VIEs in which we invest, but do not consolidate, the substantive power to make the key economic decisions for each respective VIE resides with entities not under our common control. It is for this reason that we are not considered the primary beneficiary for the VIE investments that are not consolidated.
We invest in various limited partnerships and limited liability companies primarily as a passive investor. These investments are primarily in credit funds with a bias towards current income, real assets, or private equity. Limited partnership and limited liability company interests are accounted for under the equity method and are included in Investments in unconsolidated affiliates on our unaudited Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. In addition, we invest in structured investments, which may be VIEs, but for which we are not the primary beneficiary. These structured investments typically invest in fixed income investments and are managed by third parties and include asset-backed securities, commercial mortgage-backed securities and residential mortgage-backed securities included in fixed maturity securities available for sale on our unaudited Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets.
For limited partnerships, our maximum loss exposure with respect to these VIEs is limited to the investment carry amounts reported in our unaudited Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets in addition to any required unfunded commitments. For fixed maturity securities, our maximum loss exposure with respect to these VIEs is limited to the amortized cost in addition to any required unfunded commitments (also refer to Note N - Commitments and Contingencies).
The following table summarizes the carrying value and the maximum loss exposure of our unconsolidated VIEs as of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024 (in millions):
| March 31, 2025 | December 31, 2024 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Carrying Value | Maximum Loss Exposure | Carrying Value | Maximum Loss Exposure | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Investment in unconsolidated affiliates | $ | 4,127 | $ | 5,284 | $ | 3,565 | $ | 4,703 | |||||||||||||||
| Fixed maturity securities | 23,774 | 24,747 | 23,242 | 24,242 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Total unconsolidated VIE investments | $ | 27,901 | $ | 30,031 | $ | 26,807 | $ | 28,945 | |||||||||||||||
Concentrations
Our underlying investment concentrations that exceed 10% of shareholders equity are as follows (in millions):
| March 31, 2025 | December 31, 2024 | ||||||||||
| Blackstone Wave Asset Holdco (a) | $ | 689 | $ | 710 | |||||||
| Prime Notes LLC (b) | 560 | — | |||||||||
| Blackstone Cooper Asset Holdco (a) | 449 | 472 | |||||||||
(a)Represents a special purpose vehicle that holds investments in numerous limited partnership investments whose underlying investments are further diversified by holding interest in multiple individual investments and industries.
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(b)Represents institutional grade asset-backed securities.
Note D — Derivative Financial Instruments
Refer to Note A - Basis of Financial Statements, for a description of the Company’s accounting policies for derivative financial instruments and Note B - Fair Value of Financial Instruments for descriptions of the fair value methodologies used for derivative financial instruments.
The notional and carrying amounts of derivative financial instruments, including derivative instruments embedded in indexed annuities and IUL contracts, and reinsurance are as follows (in millions):
| March 31, 2025 | December 31, 2024 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Gross Notional | Assets | Liabilities | Gross Notional | Assets | Liabilities | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Derivatives designated as hedging instruments | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Interest rate swaps (a) | $ | 350 | $ | 9 | $ | — | $ | — | $ | — | $ | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Foreign currency swaps (a) | 60 | 1 | 1 | 39 | 2 | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total derivatives designated as hedging instruments | 410 | 10 | 1 | 39 | 2 | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Derivatives not designated as hedging instruments | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Equity options (a) | $ | 31,986 | $ | 632 | $ | — | $ | 29,594 | $ | 773 | $ | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Interest rate swaps (a) | 5,545 | 59 | — | 5,040 | 16 | 10 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Futures contracts (a) | — | 1 | — | — | — | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other derivative investments (a) | 88 | — | — | 118 | 1 | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other embedded derivatives (b) | — | 32 | — | — | 32 | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Indexed annuities/IUL embedded derivatives (c) | — | — | 5,316 | — | — | 5,220 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Reinsurance related embedded derivatives (d) | — | — | (78) | — | — | (109) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total derivatives not designated as hedging instruments | 37,619 | 724 | 5,238 | 34,752 | 822 | 5,121 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total derivatives | $ | 38,029 | $ | 734 | $ | 5,239 | $ | 34,791 | $ | 824 | $ | 5,121 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
(a)The fair value of derivative assets are reported in Derivative investments, and the fair value of derivative liabilities are reported in Accounts payable and accrued liabilities on the unaudited Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets.
(b)The fair value is included in Other long term investments on the unaudited Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets.
(c)The fair value is included in Contractholder funds on the unaudited Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets.
(d)The fair value of the embedded derivative asset is included in Funds withheld for reinsurance liabilities as a contra-liability on the unaudited Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets.
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The amounts and locations of gains (losses) recognized for derivatives and gains (losses) recognized for hedged items included in the unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations are as follows (in millions):
| March 31, 2025 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Recognized gains (losses) for derivatives | Recognized gains (losses) for hedged item | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Derivatives designated as hedging instruments | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Interest rate swaps | $ | — | $ | — | $ | 9 | $ | (10) | |||||||||||||||
| Foreign currency swaps | (1) | 1 | — | — | |||||||||||||||||||
| Total derivatives designated as hedging instruments | (1) | 1 | 9 | (10) | |||||||||||||||||||
| Derivatives not designated as hedging instruments | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Equity options | (234) | — | — | — | |||||||||||||||||||
| Interest rate swaps | 49 | — | — | — | |||||||||||||||||||
| Futures contracts | 5 | — | — | — | |||||||||||||||||||
| Other derivative investments | (4) | — | — | — | |||||||||||||||||||
| Other embedded derivatives | — | — | — | — | |||||||||||||||||||
| Indexed annuities/IUL embedded derivatives | — | — | (67) | — | |||||||||||||||||||
| Reinsurance related embedded derivatives | (41) | — | — | — | |||||||||||||||||||
| Total derivatives not designated as hedging instruments | (225) | — | (67) | — | |||||||||||||||||||
| Total derivatives | $ | (226) | $ | 1 | $ | (58) | $ | (10) | |||||||||||||||
| March 31, 2024 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Recognized gains (losses) for derivatives | Recognized gains (losses) for hedged item | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Derivatives designated as hedging instruments | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Interest rate swaps | $ | — | $ | — | $ | — | $ | — | |||||||||||||||
| Foreign currency swaps | — | — | — | — | |||||||||||||||||||
| Total derivatives designated as hedging instruments | — | — | — | — | |||||||||||||||||||
| Derivatives not designated as hedging instruments | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Equity options | 250 | — | — | — | |||||||||||||||||||
| Interest rate swaps | (80) | — | — | — | |||||||||||||||||||
| Futures contracts | 6 | — | — | — | |||||||||||||||||||
| Other derivative investments | 3 | — | — | — | |||||||||||||||||||
| Other embedded derivatives | 3 | — | — | — | |||||||||||||||||||
| Indexed annuities/IUL embedded derivatives | — | — | 200 | — | |||||||||||||||||||
| Reinsurance related embedded derivatives | (18) | — | — | — | |||||||||||||||||||
| Total derivatives not designated as hedging instruments | 164 | — | 200 | — | |||||||||||||||||||
| Total derivatives | $ | 164 | $ | — | $ | 200 | $ | — | |||||||||||||||
The following amounts are recorded in the unaudited Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets related to the carrying amount of hedged assets and (liabilities) and the cumulative basis adjustment included in the carrying amount for fair value hedges (in millions):
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| March 31, 2025 | December 31, 2024 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Line Item in the unaudited Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets that includes hedged item | Carrying Amount of Hedged Assets (Liabilities) | Cumulative Amount of Fair Value Hedging Adjustment included in the Carrying Amount of the Hedged Assets (Liabilities) | Carrying Amount of Hedged Assets (Liabilities) | Cumulative Amount of Fair Value Hedging Adjustment included in the Carrying Amount of the Hedged Assets (Liabilities) | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| $ | 21 | $ | — | $ | — | $ | — | |||||||||||||||||||
| (360) | (10) | — | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||
For the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024, the derivative instruments’ gains (losses) excluded from the assessment of hedge effectiveness was immaterial.
There were no fair value hedging adjustments for hedged assets and liabilities for which hedge accounting was discontinued in the three months ended March 31, 2025 and the year ended December 31, 2024.
Derivatives designated as hedging instruments
We utilize interest rate swaps and foreign currency swaps that are designated and accounted for as fair value hedges to reduce interest rate risk for certain funding agreements and to reduce the risk of certain exposures to foreign currency risk for foreign AFS fixed maturity securities. For fair value hedges of funding agreements, changes in fair value are reported in Benefits and other changes in policy reserves. For fair value hedges of AFS fixed maturity securities, these changes in fair value included in the assessment of effectiveness are reported in Recognized gains and (losses), net in the unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statement of Operations. The change in the fair value of excluded components is recorded in OCI and is recognized in net income through periodic settlements.
We utilize foreign currency swaps that are designated and accounted for as cash flow hedges to reduce the variability in future cash flows due to changes in foreign currency exchange rates on certain AFS fixed maturity securities. For these hedges, changes in fair value of the derivative are recorded as a component of OCI and then reclassified in Interest and investment income or Recognized gains and (losses), net in the unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statement of Operations at the time the variability of cash flows being hedged impact net earnings. At March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, the balance of the cash flow hedges and changes in fair value were immaterial.
Derivatives not designated as hedging instruments
Indexed Annuities/IUL Embedded Derivative, Equity Options and Futures
We have indexed annuities and IUL contracts that permit the holder to elect an interest rate return or an equity index linked component, where interest credited to the contracts is linked to the performance of various equity indices, such as the S&P 500 Index. This feature represents an embedded derivative under GAAP. The indexed annuities/IUL embedded derivatives are valued at fair value and included in the liability for contractholder funds in the unaudited Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets with changes in fair value included as a component of Benefits and other changes in policy reserves in the unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations.
We purchase derivatives consisting of a combination of equity options and futures contracts (specifically for indexed annuity contracts) on the applicable market indices to fund the index credits due to indexed annuity/IUL contractholders. The equity options are , , , and year options purchased to match the funding requirements of the underlying policies. On the respective anniversary dates of the indexed policies, the index used to compute the interest credit is reset and we purchase new equity options to fund the next index credit. We manage the cost of these purchases through the terms of our indexed annuities/IUL contracts, which permit us to change caps, spreads or participation rates, subject to guaranteed minimums, on each contract’s anniversary date. The
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change in the fair value of the equity options and futures contracts is generally designed to offset the portion of the change in the fair value of the indexed annuities/IUL embedded derivatives related to index performance through the current credit period. The equity options and futures contracts are marked to fair value with the change in fair value included as a component of Recognized gains and (losses), net, in the unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations. The change in fair value of the equity options and futures contracts includes the gains and losses recognized at the expiration of the instrument term or upon early termination and the changes in fair value of open positions.
Other market exposures are hedged periodically depending on market conditions and our risk tolerance. Our indexed annuities/IUL hedging strategy economically hedges the equity returns and exposes us to the risk that unhedged market exposures result in divergence between changes in the fair value of the liabilities and the hedging assets. We use a variety of techniques, including direct estimation of market sensitivities, to monitor this risk daily. We intend to continue to adjust the hedging strategy as market conditions and our risk tolerance changes.
Interest Rate Swaps
We utilize interest rate swaps to reduce market risks from interest rate changes on our earnings associated with our floating rate investments. With an interest rate swap, we agree with another party to exchange, at specified intervals, the difference between fixed-rate and floating-rate interest amounts tied to an agreed upon notional principal.
The interest rate swaps are marked to fair value with the change in fair value, including accrued interest and related periodic cash flows received or paid, included as a component of Recognized gains and (losses), net, in the unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations.
Reinsurance Related Embedded Derivatives
F&G cedes certain business on a coinsurance funds withheld basis. Investment results for the assets that support the coinsurance are segregated within the funds withheld account and are passed directly to the reinsurer pursuant to the contractual terms of the reinsurance agreement, which creates embedded derivatives considered to be total return swaps. These total return swaps are not clearly and closely related to the underlying reinsurance agreement and thus require bifurcation. The fair value of the total return swaps is based on the change in fair value of the underlying assets held in the funds withheld account. Beginning in the first quarter of 2025, these embedded derivatives are reported in Funds withheld for reinsurance liabilities, irrespective if in a net asset position or a net liability position, on the unaudited Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets and prior periods have been reclassified to conform with the current presentation. The related gains or losses are reported in Recognized gains and (losses), net, on the unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations.
Credit Risk
We are exposed to credit loss in the event of non-performance by our counterparties and reflect assumptions regarding this non-performance risk in the fair value of our derivatives. The non-performance risk is the net counterparty exposure based on the fair value of the open contracts less collateral held. We maintain a policy of requiring all derivative contracts to be governed by an International Swaps and Derivatives Association (“ISDA”) Master Agreement.
We manage credit risk related to non-performance by our counterparties by (i) entering into derivative transactions with creditworthy counterparties; (ii) obtaining collateral, such as cash and securities when appropriate; and (iii) establishing counterparty exposure limits, which are subject to periodic management review.
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Information regarding our exposure to credit loss on the derivative instruments we hold, excluding futures contracts, is presented below (in millions):
| Fair Value | Collateral | Net Credit Risk | ||||||||||||||||||
| March 31, 2025 | $ | 700 | $ | 621 | $ | 79 | ||||||||||||||
| December 31, 2024 | 782 | 771 | 34 | |||||||||||||||||
Collateral Agreements
We are required to maintain minimum ratings as a matter of routine practice as part of our over-the-counter derivative agreements on ISDA forms. Under some ISDA agreements, we have agreed to maintain certain financial strength ratings. A downgrade below these levels provides the counterparty under the agreement the right to terminate the open derivative contracts between the parties, at which time any amounts payable by us or the counterparty would be dependent on the market value of the underlying contracts. Our current rating does not allow any counterparty the right to terminate ISDA agreements. In certain transactions, both us and the counterparty have entered into a collateral support agreement requiring either party to post collateral when the net exposures exceed pre-determined thresholds. For all counterparties, except one, the threshold is set to zero. As of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024 counterparties posted collateral of $621 million and $771 million, respectively, of which $544 million and $679 million, respectively, is included in Cash and cash equivalents with an associated payable for this collateral included in Accounts payable and accrued liabilities on the unaudited Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. Accordingly, the maximum amount of loss due to credit risk that we would incur if parties to the derivatives failed completely to perform according to the terms of the contracts was $79 million as of March 31, 2025 and $34 million at December 31, 2024.
We are required to pay our counterparties the effective federal funds interest rate each day for cash collateral posted to us. Cash collateral is reinvested in overnight investment sweep products, which are included in Cash and cash equivalents in the unaudited Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets, to reduce the interest cost. Changes in cash collateral are included in the Change in derivative collateral liabilities in the unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flow.
We held 472 and 527 futures contracts as of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively. The fair value of the futures contracts represents the cumulative unsettled variation margin (open trade equity, net of cash settlements). We provide cash collateral to the counterparties for the initial and variation margin on the futures contracts, which is included in Cash and cash equivalents in the unaudited Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. The amount of cash collateral held by the counterparties for such contracts was $7 million at both March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively.
Note E — Reinsurance
F&G reinsures portions of its policy risks with other insurance companies. The use of indemnity reinsurance does not discharge an insurer from liability on the insurance ceded. The insurer is required to pay in full the amount of its insurance liability regardless of whether it is entitled to or able to receive payment from the reinsurer. The portion of risks exceeding F&G's retention limit is reinsured. F&G primarily seeks reinsurance coverage in order to manage loss exposures, to enhance our capital position, to diversify risks and earnings, and to manage new business volume. F&G follows reinsurance accounting when the treaty adequately transfers insurance risk and any acquisition cost reimbursements reduce policy acquisition costs deferred and maintenance expense reimbursements reduce direct expenses incurred. Otherwise, F&G follows deposit accounting if there is inadequate transfer of insurance risk or if the underlying policy for which risk is being transferred is an investment contract that does not contain insurance risk. As of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, we had an immaterial amount of cost of reinsurance recorded on the unaudited Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets.
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The effects of reinsurance on net premiums earned and net benefits incurred (benefits paid and reserve changes) for the three months ended March 31, 2025 and March 31, 2024 were as follows (in millions):
| Three months ended March 31, | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2025 | 2024 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net Premiums Earned | Net Benefits Incurred | Net Premiums Earned | Net Benefits Incurred | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Direct | $ | 343 | $ | 577 | $ | 620 | $ | 1,213 | |||||||||||||||
| Ceded | (22) | (53) | (24) | (52) | |||||||||||||||||||
| Net | $ | 321 | $ | 524 | $ | 596 | $ | 1,161 | |||||||||||||||
Amounts payable or recoverable for reinsurance on paid and unpaid claims are not subject to periodic or maximum limits. No policies issued by F&G have been reinsured with any foreign company, which is controlled, either directly or indirectly, by a party not primarily engaged in the business of insurance. F&G has not entered into any reinsurance agreements in which the reinsurer may unilaterally cancel any reinsurance for reasons other than non-payment of premiums or other similar credit issues.
Reinsurance Transactions
The following summarizes significant changes to third-party reinsurance agreements for the period ended March 31, 2025:
Everlake: Effective January 1, 2025, F&G amended the existing flow reinsurance agreement with Everlake Life Insurance Company (“Everlake”) to cede future additional MYGA business for agreed upon periods to Everlake pursuant to an offer and acceptance process, rather than on a flow basis. The amendment included a cession of an inforce block of certain MYGA policies on a coinsurance quota share basis.
There have been no other significant changes to third party reinsurance agreements for the three months ended March 31, 2025.
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The following summarizes our reinsurance recoverable (in millions) as of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024:
As of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, F&G had a deposit asset of $12,038 million and $11,039 million, respectively, which is reported in the Reinsurance recoverable, net of allowance for credit losses on the unaudited Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets.
F&G incurred risk charge fees of $11 million and $10 million during the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively, in relation to reinsurance agreements.
Credit Losses
F&G estimates expected credit losses on reinsurance recoverables using a probability of default/loss given default model. Significant inputs to the model include the reinsurer's credit risk, expected timing of recovery, industry-wide historical default experience, senior unsecured bond recovery rates, and credit enhancement features. There was no material change in the expected credit loss reserve for the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024.
Concentration of Reinsurance Risk
As indicated above, F&G has a significant concentration of reinsurance risk with third party reinsurers, Aspida Life Re Ltd. (“Aspida Re”), Somerset Reinsurance Ltd. (“Somerset”), Everlake and Wilton Reassurance Company (“Wilton Re”) that could have a material impact on our financial position in the event that any of these reinsurers fails to perform its obligations under the various reinsurance treaties. We monitor the financial condition and financial strength of individual reinsurers using public ratings (refer to table below) and ratings reports of individual reinsurers to attempt to reduce the risk of default by such reinsurers. In addition, the risk of non-performance is further mitigated with various forms of collateral or collateral arrangements, including secured trusts, funds withheld
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accounts and irrevocable letters of credit. We believe that all amounts due from Aspida Re, Somerset, Everlake, and Wilton Re for periodic treaty settlements, net of any applicable credit loss reserves, are collectible as of March 31, 2025. The following table presents financial strength ratings as of March 31, 2025:
| Parent Company/Principal Reinsurers | Financial Strength Rating | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| AM Best | S&P | Fitch | Moody's | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Aspida Re | A- | — | — | — | |||||||||||||||||||
| Somerset | A- | BBB+ | — | — | |||||||||||||||||||
| Everlake | A | — | — | — | |||||||||||||||||||
| Wilton Re | A+ | — | A- | — | |||||||||||||||||||
“—” indicates not rated
Note F — Intangibles
The following table reconciles to Other intangible assets, net, on the unaudited Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets as of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024 (in millions):
| March 31, 2025 | December 31, 2024 | ||||||||||
| Value of business acquired (“VOBA”) | $ | 1,311 | $ | 1,349 | |||||||
| Deferred acquisition costs (“DAC”) | 3,172 | 3,036 | |||||||||
| Deferred sales inducements (“DSI”) | 682 | 625 | |||||||||
| Value of distribution asset | 71 | 74 | |||||||||
| Computer software | 77 | 76 | |||||||||
| Definite lived trademarks, tradenames, and other | 136 | 131 | |||||||||
| Customer relationships and contracts | 264 | 273 | |||||||||
| Indefinite lived tradenames and other | 8 | 8 | |||||||||
| Total Other intangible assets, net | $ | 5,721 | $ | 5,572 | |||||||
The following tables roll forward VOBA by product for the three months ended March 31, 2025 and March 31, 2024 (in millions):
| Indexed Annuities | Fixed Rate Annuities | Immediate Annuities | Universal Life | Traditional Life | Total | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Balance at January 1, 2025 | $ | 892 | $ | 22 | $ | 184 | $ | 126 | $ | 125 | $ | 1,349 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Amortization | (31) | (1) | (2) | (1) | (3) | (38) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Balance at March 31, 2025 | $ | 861 | $ | 21 | $ | 182 | $ | 125 | $ | 122 | $ | 1,311 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Indexed Annuities | Fixed Rate Annuities | Immediate Annuities | Universal Life | Traditional Life | Total | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Balance at January 1, 2024 | $ | 1,025 | $ | 27 | $ | 191 | $ | 134 | $ | 69 | $ | 1,446 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Amortization | (33) | (1) | (2) | (2) | (1) | (39) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Balance at March 31, 2024 | $ | 992 | $ | 26 | $ | 189 | $ | 132 | $ | 68 | $ | 1,407 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
VOBA amortization expense of $38 million and $39 million was recorded in Depreciation and amortization on the unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations for the three months ended March 31, 2025 and March 31, 2024, respectively.
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The following tables roll forward DAC by product for the three months ended March 31, 2025 and March 31, 2024 (in millions):
| Indexed Annuities | Fixed Rate Annuities | Universal Life | Total (a) | ||||||||||||||||||||
Balance at January 1, 2025 | $ | 1,874 | $ | 376 | $ | 781 | $ | 3,031 | |||||||||||||||
| Capitalization | 126 | 21 | 69 | 216 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Amortization | (45) | (25) | (12) | (82) | |||||||||||||||||||
Balance at March 31, 2025 | $ | 1,955 | $ | 372 | $ | 838 | $ | 3,165 | |||||||||||||||
| Indexed Annuities | Fixed Rate Annuities | Universal Life | Total (a) | ||||||||||||||||||||
Balance at January 1, 2024 | $ | 1,378 | $ | 288 | $ | 545 | $ | 2,211 | |||||||||||||||
| Capitalization | 147 | 44 | 66 | 257 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Amortization | (33) | (19) | (8) | (60) | |||||||||||||||||||
Balance at March 31, 2024 | $ | 1,492 | $ | 313 | $ | 603 | $ | 2,408 | |||||||||||||||
(a)Excludes insignificant amounts of DAC related to FABN and PRT.
DAC amortization expense of $82 million and $60 million was recorded in Depreciation and amortization on the unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations for the three months ended March 31, 2025 and March 31, 2024, respectively, excluding insignificant amounts related to FABN and PRT.
The following table presents a reconciliation of DAC to the table above which is reconciled to the unaudited Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets as of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024 (in millions):
| March 31, 2025 | December 31, 2024 | ||||||||||
| Indexed Annuities | $ | 1,955 | $ | 1,874 | |||||||
| Fixed Rate Annuities | 372 | 376 | |||||||||
| Universal Life | 838 | 781 | |||||||||
| Funding Agreements | 5 | 4 | |||||||||
| PRT | 2 | 1 | |||||||||
| Total | $ | 3,172 | $ | 3,036 | |||||||
The following table rolls forward DSI for our indexed annuity products for the three months ended March 31, 2025 and March 31, 2024 (in millions):
Three Months Ended March 31, | |||||||||||
| 2025 | 2024 | ||||||||||
| Balance at January 1, | $ | 625 | $ | 346 | |||||||
| Capitalization | 71 | 54 | |||||||||
| Amortization | (14) | (8) | |||||||||
Balance at March 31, | $ | 682 | $ | 392 | |||||||
DSI amortization expense of $14 million and $8 million was recorded in Depreciation and amortization on the unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations for the three months ended March 31, 2025 and March 31, 2024, respectively.
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The cash flow assumptions used to amortize VOBA and DAC were consistent with the assumptions used to estimate the future policy benefits (“FPB”) for life contingent immediate annuities, and will be reviewed and unlocked, if applicable, in the same period as those balances. For nonparticipating traditional life contracts, the VOBA amortization is straight-line, without the use of cash flow assumptions. For indexed annuity contracts, the cash flow assumptions used to amortize VOBA, DAC, and DSI were consistent with the assumptions used to estimate the value of the embedded derivative and MRBs, and will be reviewed and unlocked, if applicable, in the same period as those balances. For fixed rate annuities and IUL the cash flow assumptions used to amortize VOBA, DAC and DSI reflect the Company’s best estimates for policyholder behavior, consistent with the development of assumptions for indexed annuities and immediate annuities.
We review cash flow assumptions annually, generally in the third quarter. In 2024, F&G undertook a review of all significant assumptions and revised several assumptions relating to our deferred annuity (indexed annuity and fixed rate annuity) and IUL products. For the three months ended March 31, 2025, we updated the assumption for option budgets. For the year ended December 31, 2024, we updated assumptions including surrender rates, GMWB election timing, premium persistency, mortality improvement, and option budgets. All updates to these assumptions brought us more in line with our Company and overall industry experience since the prior assumption update.
The following table rolls forward the customer relationship intangibles acquired in the Roar acquisition on January 2, 2024, and the PALH acquisition on July 18, 2024, (in millions). For more information, refer to Note P - Acquisitions.
Three Months Ended March 31, | |||||||||||
| 2025 | 2024 | ||||||||||
Balance at January 1, | $ | 273 | $ | — | |||||||
| Acquired | — | 179 | |||||||||
| Amortization | (9) | (9) | |||||||||
Balance at March 31, | $ | 264 | $ | 170 | |||||||
There has been no material change to the estimated future amortization expense of intangible assets since December 31, 2024.
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Note G — Market Risk Benefits
The following table presents the balances of and changes in MRBs associated with indexed annuities and fixed rate annuities for the three months ended March 31, 2025 and the year ended December 31, 2024 (in millions):
| March 31, 2025 | December 31, 2024 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Indexed annuities | Fixed rate annuities | Indexed annuities | Fixed rate annuities | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance, beginning of period, net liability | $ | 420 | $ | 1 | $ | 314 | $ | 1 | |||||||||||||||
| Balance, beginning of period, before effect of changes in the instrument-specific credit risk | $ | 322 | $ | 1 | $ | 209 | $ | 1 | |||||||||||||||
| Issuances and benefit payments | 26 | — | 109 | — | |||||||||||||||||||
| Attributed fees collected and interest accrual | 35 | — | 147 | — | |||||||||||||||||||
| Actual policyholder behavior different from expected | 22 | — | (5) | — | |||||||||||||||||||
| Changes in assumptions and other | 1 | — | 24 | — | |||||||||||||||||||
| Effects of market related movements | 58 | — | (162) | — | |||||||||||||||||||
| Balance, end of period, before effect of changes in the instrument-specific credit risk | 464 | 1 | 322 | 1 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Effect of changes in the instrument-specific credit risk | 69 | — | 98 | — | |||||||||||||||||||
| Balance, end of period, net liability | 533 | 1 | 420 | 1 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Less: reinsured market risk benefits | 86 | — | 61 | — | |||||||||||||||||||
| Balance, end of period, net of reinsurance | $ | 447 | $ | 1 | $ | 359 | $ | 1 | |||||||||||||||
| Weighted-average attained age of policyholders weighted by total AV (years) | 67.95 | 72.74 | 67.98 | 72.58 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Net amount at risk | $ | 1,519 | $ | 2 | $ | 1,327 | $ | 2 | |||||||||||||||
The following table reconciles MRBs by amounts in an asset position and amounts in a liability position to the MRBs amounts in the unaudited Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets (in millions):
| March 31, 2025 | December 31, 2024 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Direct | Reinsured | Net | Direct | Reinsured | Net | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| MRB asset | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Indexed annuities | $ | 101 | $ | 86 | $ | 187 | $ | 128 | $ | 61 | $ | 189 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fixed rate annuities | — | — | — | — | — | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total MRB asset | $ | 101 | $ | 86 | $ | 187 | $ | 128 | $ | 61 | $ | 189 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| MRB liability | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Indexed annuities | $ | 634 | $ | — | $ | 634 | $ | 548 | $ | — | $ | 548 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fixed rate annuities | 1 | — | 1 | 1 | — | 1 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total MRB liability | $ | 635 | $ | — | $ | 635 | $ | 549 | $ | — | $ | 549 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
The net MRB liability increased for the three months ended March 31, 2025, primarily as a result of collection of attributed fees, interest accrual, MRB reserves for contracts issued within the period and effects of market related movements, including the impacts of lower risk-free rates and decreases in equity market projections.
For the three months ended March 31, 2025, notable changes made to the inputs to the fair value estimates of MRBs calculations included a decrease in risk-free rates leading to an unfavorable change in the MRBs associated with indexed annuities and fixed rate annuities; and decreases in the equity market related projections resulted in an increase in the net amount at risk associated with indexed annuities, leading to an unfavorable change in the value of the associated MRBs.
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The net MRB liability increased for the year ended December 31, 2024, primarily as a result of collection of attributed fees, interest accrual, MRB reserves for contracts issued within the period, and changes in actuarial assumptions. These increases were partially offset by the effects of market related movements, including the impacts of higher risk-free rates and increases in the equity market related projections.
For the year ended December 31, 2024, notable changes made to the inputs to the fair value estimates of MRBs calculations included an increase in risk-free rates leading to a favorable change in the MRBs associated with indexed annuities and fixed rate annuities; increases in the equity market related projections resulted in a decrease in the net amount at risk associated with indexed annuities, leading to a favorable change in the value of the associated MRBs; and an increase in the rider benefit utilization assumption, leading to an unfavorable change in the value of the associated MRBs.
In addition, the cash flow assumptions used to calculate MRBs reflect the Company’s best estimates for policyholder behavior. We review cash flow assumptions annually, generally in the third quarter. In 2024, F&G undertook a review of all significant assumptions and revised several assumptions relating to our deferred annuities (indexed annuities and fixed rate annuities) with MRBs. For the year ended December 31, 2024, we updated assumptions including surrender rates, rider benefit election utilization, mortality improvement, and option budgets. All updates to these assumptions brought us more in line with our Company and overall industry experience since the prior assumption updates. These updates, in total, led to an increase in the net MRB liability for the year ended December 31, 2024.
Note H — Income Taxes
The effective tax rate for the three months ended March 31, 2025 and March 31, 2024 was 19% and 18%, respectively. The effective tax rate on pre-tax income for the three months ended March 31, 2025 differs from the U.S. Federal statutory rate of 21% primarily due to the valuation allowance expense recorded on unrealized losses and capital loss carryforwards, partially offset by favorable permanent adjustments, including low income housing tax credits (“LIHTC”), the dividends received deduction (“DRD”), and company owned life insurance (“COLI”). The effective tax rate on pre-tax income for the three months ended March 31, 2024 differs from the U.S. Federal statutory rate of 21% primarily due to favorable permanent adjustments, including LIHTC, DRD, and COLI.
As of March 31, 2025, the Company had a partial valuation allowance of $58 million against its net deferred tax assets of $326 million. As of December 31, 2024, the Company had a partial valuation allowance of $58 million against its net deferred tax assets of $357 million. There was no change in the valuation allowance for the three months ended March 31, 2025. The valuation allowance consisted of a full valuation allowance on the unrealized capital loss deferred tax assets for F&G Life Re and the U.S. Non-life companies, a full valuation allowance on the foreign deferred tax assets on F&G Life Re, a full valuation allowance on the deferred capital loss carryforwards for the U.S. Non-life companies and F&G Cayman Re, and a partial valuation allowance on the capital loss deferred tax assets on the U.S. life insurance companies.
The valuation allowance is reviewed quarterly and will be maintained until there is sufficient positive evidence, if any, to support a release. At each reporting date, management considers new evidence, both positive and negative, that could impact the future realization of deferred tax assets. Management will consider a release of the valuation allowance once there is sufficient positive evidence that it is more likely than not that the deferred tax assets will be realized.
All other deferred tax assets are more likely than not to be realized based on expectations as to our future taxable income and considering all other available evidence, both positive and negative.
The Company makes certain investments in limited partnerships, which invest in affordable housing projects that qualify for the LIHTC. The Company’s investment in the funds is amortized through income tax expense on the unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations using the proportional amortization method.
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The tax credits and other benefits recognized are included in the net change in income taxes on the unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows. The following table presents the impacts of the LIHTC investments included in income tax expense on the unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations for the three months ended March 31, 2025 and March 31, 2024 (in millions):
| Three months ended March 31, | |||||||||||
| 2025 | 2024 | ||||||||||
| Tax credits and other benefits recognized | $ | (8) | $ | (8) | |||||||
| Tax credit amortization expense | 6 | 6 | |||||||||
| Total | $ | (2) | $ | (2) | |||||||
At March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, LIHTC investments included in Prepaid expenses and other assets on the unaudited Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets totaled $141 million and $135 million, respectively.
The Inflation Reduction Act of 2022 (the “IRA”) was signed into law on August 16, 2022. Among other changes, the IRA introduced a 15% corporate alternative minimum tax (“CAMT”) on adjusted financial statement income and a 1% excise tax on treasury stock repurchases. These provisions were effective January 1, 2023. For purposes of calculating adjusted financial statement income, the Company is included in the controlled group of FNF, its parent company. Though the Company is subject to the minimum tax, the Company does not expect to be in a perpetual CAMT position. The life companies will join the consolidated tax return group with FNF and file a life/non-life consolidated return once the five-year waiting period has completed in 2026, which should strengthen that position as FNF is not anticipating owing CAMT on its future returns. As a result, the Company has assessed that there is no material impact of CAMT to tax for the three months ended March 31, 2025.
The Corporate Income Tax Act of 2023 (“CIT”) was passed in Bermuda on December 27, 2023. The CIT commenced on January 1, 2025 and applies a statutory rate of 15% to the taxable income or loss of Bermuda tax resident entities and permanent establishments. F&G Life Re Ltd, a 953(d) company with no or minimal U.S. permanent tax differences, is not expected to owe any Bermuda CIT due to the foreign tax credit. As a result, the Company has assessed that there is no material impact of the CIT to tax for the three months ended March 31, 2025.
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Note I — Contractholder Funds
The following tables summarize balances of and changes in contractholder funds’ account balances (in millions):
| March 31, 2025 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Indexed annuities | Fixed rate annuities | Universal life | FABN (b) | FHLB (b) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance, beginning of year | $ | 30,235 | $ | 17,442 | $ | 2,817 | $ | 2,463 | $ | 2,852 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Issuances | 1,463 | 564 | 54 | 350 | 1,025 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Premiums received | 617 | — | 141 | — | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Policy charges (a) | (660) | — | (90) | — | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Surrenders and withdrawals | (251) | (59) | (8) | — | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Benefit payments | (726) | (256) | (24) | (12) | (1,003) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Interest credited | 200 | 195 | 45 | 25 | 27 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other | 1 | (1) | — | — | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance, end of period | 30,879 | 17,885 | 2,935 | 2,826 | 2,901 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Reconciling items (c) | 46 | — | 47 | 10 | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Gross liability, end of period | 30,925 | 17,885 | 2,982 | 2,836 | 2,901 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Less: Reinsurance | 1,233 | 12,006 | 873 | — | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net liability, after reinsurance | $ | 29,692 | $ | 5,879 | $ | 2,109 | $ | 2,836 | $ | 2,901 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Weighted-average crediting rate | 2.65 | % | 4.52 | % | 6.45 | % | N/A | N/A | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Net amount at risk (d) | N/A | N/A | $ | 75,933 | N/A | N/A | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Cash surrender value (e) | $ | 28,462 | $ | 16,712 | $ | 2,265 | N/A | N/A | |||||||||||||||||||||
(a)Contracts included in the contractholder funds are generally charged a premium and/or monthly assessments on the basis of the account balance.
(b)FABN and FHLB are considered funding agreements that are investment contracts which follow the interest method of accounting, and therefore are not subject to ASU 2018-12 disclosure requirements. However, the Company has elected to present the liability for these agreements within the disaggregated roll forward as we believe it will provide meaningful information for users of the financials.
(c)The reconciling items reconcile the account balance to the gross GAAP liability. For indexed annuities and universal life, the reconciling items represent embedded derivatives and include the combination of the host contracts and the fair value of the embedded derivatives. For FABN, the reconciling items represent basis adjustments due to the impact of fair value hedge accounting.
(d)For those guarantees of benefits that are payable in the event of death, the net amount at risk is generally defined as the current guaranteed minimum death benefit in excess of the current account balance at the balance sheet date.
(e)These amounts are gross of reinsurance.
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| December 31, 2024 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Indexed annuities | Fixed rate annuities | Universal life | FABN (b) | FHLB (b) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance, beginning of year | $ | 27,164 | $ | 13,443 | $ | 2,391 | $ | 2,613 | $ | 2,539 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Issuances | 6,649 | 5,125 | 208 | 600 | 1,804 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Premiums received | 120 | 1 | 495 | — | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Policy charges (a) | (195) | — | (315) | — | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Surrenders and withdrawals | (3,832) | (1,479) | (101) | — | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Benefit payments | (495) | (315) | (18) | (820) | (1,606) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Interest credited | 821 | 667 | 157 | 71 | 117 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other | 3 | — | — | (1) | (2) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance, end of period | 30,235 | 17,442 | 2,817 | 2,463 | 2,852 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Embedded derivative adjustment (c) | 219 | — | 79 | — | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Gross liability, end of period | 30,454 | 17,442 | 2,896 | 2,463 | 2,852 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Less: Reinsurance | 861 | 11,009 | 877 | — | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net liability, after reinsurance | $ | 29,593 | $ | 6,433 | $ | 2,019 | $ | 2,463 | $ | 2,852 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Weighted-average crediting rate | 2.90 | % | 4.42 | % | 6.20 | % | N/A | N/A | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Net amount at risk (d) | N/A | N/A | $ | 74,279 | N/A | N/A | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Cash surrender value (e) | $ | 27,865 | $ | 16,266 | $ | 2,177 | N/A | N/A | |||||||||||||||||||||
(a)Contracts included in the contractholder funds are generally charged a premium and/or monthly assessments on the basis of the account balance.
(b)FABN and FHLB are considered funding agreements that are investment contracts which follow the interest method of accounting, and therefore are not subject to ASU 2018-12 disclosure requirements. However, the Company has elected to present the liability for these agreements within the disaggregated roll forward as we believe it will provide meaningful information for users of the financials.
(c)The embedded derivative adjustment reconciles the account balance to the gross GAAP liability and represents the combination of the host contract and the fair value of the embedded derivatives.
(d)For those guarantees of benefits that are payable in the event of death, the net amount at risk is generally defined as the current guaranteed minimum death benefit in excess of the current account balance at the balance sheet date.
(e)These amounts are gross of reinsurance.
The following table reconciles contractholder funds’ account balances to the contractholder funds liability in the unaudited Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets (in millions):
| March 31, 2025 | December 31, 2024 | ||||||||||
| Indexed annuities | $ | 30,925 | $ | 30,454 | |||||||
| Fixed rate annuities | 17,885 | 17,442 | |||||||||
| Immediate annuities | 283 | 286 | |||||||||
| Universal life | 2,982 | 2,896 | |||||||||
| Traditional life | 5 | 5 | |||||||||
| Funding Agreement-FABN | 2,836 | 2,463 | |||||||||
| FHLB | 2,901 | 2,852 | |||||||||
| PRT | 6 | 6 | |||||||||
| Total | $ | 57,823 | $ | 56,404 | |||||||
Annually, typically in the third quarter, we review assumptions associated with reserves for policy benefits and product guarantees. For the three months ended March 31, 2025, based on experience, we reflected updates to the option budget assumption used to calculate the fair value of the embedded derivative component within Contractholder funds. These changes resulted in a decrease in Contractholder funds of approximately $21 million for the three months ended March 31, 2025.
For the year ended December 31, 2024, based on policyholder behavior, experience and interest rate movements, we reflected updates to surrender assumptions for recent and expected near term policyholder behavior, as well as updated certain indexed annuities assumptions used to calculate the fair value of the embedded derivative component within Contractholder funds. These changes resulted in a decrease Contractholder funds of approximately $89 million for the year ended December 31, 2024.
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The following tables present the account values by range of guaranteed minimum crediting rates and the related range of difference, in basis points, between rates being credited to policyholders and the respective guaranteed minimums (in millions):
| March 31, 2025 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Range of guaranteed minimum crediting rate | At Guaranteed Minimum | 1 Basis Point-50 Basis Points Above | 51 Basis Points-150 Basis Points Above | Greater Than 150 Basis Points Above | Total | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Indexed annuities | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 0.00%-1.50% | $ | 23,872 | $ | 1,196 | $ | 485 | $ | 1,867 | $ | 27,420 | |||||||||||||||||||
| 1.51%-2.50% | 997 | 1 | 828 | 1,321 | 3,147 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Greater than 2.50% | 287 | 2 | — | 23 | 312 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total | $ | 25,156 | $ | 1,199 | $ | 1,313 | $ | 3,211 | $ | 30,879 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Fixed rate annuities | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 0.00%-1.50% | $ | 72 | $ | 19 | $ | 737 | $ | 14,798 | $ | 15,626 | |||||||||||||||||||
| 1.51%-2.50% | 4 | 7 | 19 | 463 | 493 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Greater than 2.50% | 788 | 2 | 5 | 971 | 1,766 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total | $ | 864 | $ | 28 | $ | 761 | $ | 16,232 | $ | 17,885 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Universal life | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 0.00%-1.50% | $ | 2,539 | $ | 7 | $ | — | $ | 26 | $ | 2,572 | |||||||||||||||||||
| 1.51%-2.50% | — | — | — | — | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Greater than 2.50% | 362 | — | 1 | — | 363 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total | $ | 2,901 | $ | 7 | $ | 1 | $ | 26 | $ | 2,935 | |||||||||||||||||||
| December 31, 2024 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Range of guaranteed minimum crediting rate | At Guaranteed Minimum | 1 Basis Point-50 Basis Points Above | 51 Basis Points-150 Basis Points Above | Greater Than 150 Basis Points Above | Total | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Indexed annuities | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 0.00%-1.50% | $ | 23,540 | $ | 1,236 | $ | 492 | $ | 1,846 | $ | 27,114 | |||||||||||||||||||
| 1.51%-2.50% | 875 | 1 | 684 | 1,242 | 2,802 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Greater than 2.50% | 303 | 2 | — | 14 | 319 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total | $ | 24,718 | $ | 1,239 | $ | 1,176 | $ | 3,102 | $ | 30,235 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Fixed rate annuities | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 0.00%-1.50% | $ | 57 | $ | 20 | $ | 773 | $ | 14,407 | $ | 15,257 | |||||||||||||||||||
| 1.51%-2.50% | 4 | 7 | 20 | 462 | 493 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Greater than 2.50% | 804 | 2 | 5 | 881 | 1,692 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total | $ | 865 | $ | 29 | $ | 798 | $ | 15,750 | $ | 17,442 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Universal life | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 0.00%-1.50% | $ | 2,421 | $ | 7 | $ | — | $ | 24 | $ | 2,452 | |||||||||||||||||||
| 1.51%-2.50% | — | — | — | — | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Greater than 2.50% | 364 | — | 1 | — | 365 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total | $ | 2,785 | $ | 7 | $ | 1 | $ | 24 | $ | 2,817 | |||||||||||||||||||
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Note J — Future Policy Benefits
The following table summarizes balances and changes in the present value of expected net premiums and the present value of the expected FPB for nonparticipating traditional contracts (in millions):
| Traditional life | |||||||||||
| March 31, 2025 | December 31, 2024 | ||||||||||
| Expected net premiums | |||||||||||
| Balance, beginning of year | $ | 631 | $ | 722 | |||||||
| Beginning balance at original discount rate | 780 | 874 | |||||||||
| Effect of actual variances from expected experience | — | (4) | |||||||||
| Balance adjusted for variances from expectation | 780 | 870 | |||||||||
| Interest accrual | 4 | 17 | |||||||||
| Net premiums collected | (25) | (107) | |||||||||
| Ending balance at original discount rate | 759 | 780 | |||||||||
| Effect of changes in discount rate assumptions | (137) | (149) | |||||||||
| Balance, end of period | $ | 622 | $ | 631 | |||||||
| Expected FPB | |||||||||||
| Balance, beginning of year | $ | 1,933 | $ | 2,071 | |||||||
| Beginning balance at original discount rate | 2,368 | 2,492 | |||||||||
| Effect of actual variances from expected experience | 4 | 44 | |||||||||
| Balance adjusted for variances from expectation | 2,372 | 2,536 | |||||||||
| Interest accrual | 13 | 54 | |||||||||
| Benefits payments | (57) | (222) | |||||||||
| Ending balance at original discount rate | 2,328 | 2,368 | |||||||||
| Effect of changes in discount rate assumptions | (396) | (435) | |||||||||
| Balance, end of period | $ | 1,932 | $ | 1,933 | |||||||
| Net liability for future policy benefits | $ | 1,310 | $ | 1,302 | |||||||
| Less: Reinsurance recoverable | 525 | 513 | |||||||||
| Net liability for future policy benefits, after reinsurance recoverable | $ | 785 | $ | 789 | |||||||
| Weighted-average duration of liability for future policyholder benefits (years) | 6.23 | 6.28 | |||||||||
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The following tables summarize balances and changes in the present value of the expected FPB for limited-payment contracts (in millions):
| PRT | |||||||||||
| March 31, 2025 | December 31, 2024 | ||||||||||
| Balance, beginning of year | $ | 6,054 | $ | 4,189 | |||||||
| Beginning balance at original discount rate | 6,417 | 4,351 | |||||||||
| Effect of changes in cash flow assumptions | (1) | (3) | |||||||||
| Effect of actual variances from expected experience | (10) | (11) | |||||||||
| Balance adjusted for variances from expectation | 6,406 | 4,337 | |||||||||
| Issuances | 323 | 2,324 | |||||||||
| Interest accrual | 74 | 240 | |||||||||
| Benefits payments | (156) | (484) | |||||||||
| Ending balance at original discount rate | 6,647 | 6,417 | |||||||||
| Effect of changes in discount rate assumptions | (287) | (363) | |||||||||
| Balance, end of period | $ | 6,360 | $ | 6,054 | |||||||
| Net liability for future policy benefits, after reinsurance recoverable | $ | 6,360 | $ | 6,054 | |||||||
| Weighted-average duration of liability for future policyholder benefits (years) | 7.90 | 7.78 | |||||||||
| Immediate annuities | |||||||||||
| March 31, 2025 | December 31, 2024 | ||||||||||
| Balance, beginning of year | $ | 1,297 | $ | 1,415 | |||||||
| Beginning balance at original discount rate | 1,732 | 1,788 | |||||||||
| Effect of changes in cash flow assumptions | — | — | |||||||||
| Effect of actual variances from expected experience | (4) | (27) | |||||||||
| Balance adjusted for variances from expectation | 1,728 | 1,761 | |||||||||
| Issuances | 5 | 30 | |||||||||
| Interest accrual | 14 | 59 | |||||||||
| Benefits payments | (28) | (118) | |||||||||
| Ending balance at original discount rate | 1,719 | 1,732 | |||||||||
| Effect of changes in discount rate assumptions | (422) | (435) | |||||||||
| Balance, end of period | $ | 1,297 | $ | 1,297 | |||||||
| Net liability for future policy benefits | $ | 1,297 | $ | 1,297 | |||||||
| Less: Reinsurance recoverable | 109 | 109 | |||||||||
| Net liability for future policy benefits, after reinsurance recoverable | $ | 1,188 | $ | 1,188 | |||||||
| Weighted-average duration of liability for future policyholder benefits (years) | 12.54 | 12.63 | |||||||||
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The following tables summarize balances and changes in the liability for deferred profit liability (“DPL”) for limited-payment contracts (in millions):
| March 31, 2025 | December 31, 2024 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Immediate annuities | PRT | Immediate annuities | PRT | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance, beginning of year | $ | 90 | $ | 6 | $ | 87 | $ | 10 | |||||||||||||||
| Effect of modeling changes | — | — | — | — | |||||||||||||||||||
| Effect of changes in cash flow assumptions | — | — | — | (8) | |||||||||||||||||||
| Effect of actual variances from expected experience | 2 | 1 | 8 | — | |||||||||||||||||||
| Balance adjusted for variances from expectation | 92 | 7 | 95 | 2 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Issuances | 1 | — | 3 | 1 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Interest accrual | — | — | 1 | 4 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Amortization | (2) | — | (9) | (1) | |||||||||||||||||||
| Balance, end of period | $ | 91 | $ | 7 | $ | 90 | $ | 6 | |||||||||||||||
The following table reconciles the net FPB to the FPB in the unaudited Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets (in millions). The DPL for Immediate Annuities and PRT is presented together with the FPB in the unaudited Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets and has been included as a reconciling item in the table below:
| March 31, 2025 | December 31, 2024 | ||||||||||
| Traditional life | $ | 1,310 | $ | 1,302 | |||||||
| Immediate annuities | 1,297 | 1,297 | |||||||||
| PRT | 6,360 | 6,054 | |||||||||
| Immediate annuities DPL | 91 | 90 | |||||||||
| PRT DPL | 7 | 6 | |||||||||
| Total | $ | 9,065 | $ | 8,749 | |||||||
The following table provides the amount of undiscounted and discounted expected gross premiums and expected future benefits and expenses for nonparticipating traditional and limited-payment contracts (in millions):
| Undiscounted | Discounted | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| March 31, | March 31, | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2025 | 2024 | 2025 | 2024 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Traditional life | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Expected future benefit payments | $ | 2,720 | $ | 2,874 | $ | 1,938 | $ | 2,013 | |||||||||||||||
| Expected future gross premiums | 923 | 1,042 | 671 | 751 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Immediate annuities | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Expected future benefit payments | $ | 3,168 | $ | 3,271 | $ | 1,297 | $ | 1,371 | |||||||||||||||
| Expected future gross premiums | — | — | — | — | |||||||||||||||||||
| PRT | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Expected future benefit payments | $ | 10,535 | $ | 8,344 | $ | 6,360 | $ | 4,899 | |||||||||||||||
| Expected future gross premiums | — | — | — | — | |||||||||||||||||||
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The following table summarizes the amount of revenue and interest related to nonparticipating traditional and limited-payment contracts recognized in the unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations (in millions):
| Gross Premiums (a) | Interest Expense (b) | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| March 31, | March 31, | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2025 | 2024 | 2025 | 2024 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Traditional life | $ | 26 | $ | 28 | $ | 9 | $ | 10 | |||||||||||||||
| Immediate annuities | 6 | 8 | 14 | 14 | |||||||||||||||||||
| PRT | 311 | 584 | 74 | 49 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Total | $ | 343 | $ | 620 | $ | 97 | $ | 73 | |||||||||||||||
(a)Included in Life insurance premiums and other fees on the unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations.
(b)Included in Benefits and other changes in policy reserves on the unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations.
The following table presents the weighted-average interest rate:
| March 31, 2025 | December 31, 2024 | ||||||||||
| Traditional life | |||||||||||
| Interest accretion rate | 2.35 | % | 2.34 | % | |||||||
| Current discount rate | 5.21 | % | 5.44 | % | |||||||
| Immediate annuities | |||||||||||
| Interest accretion rate | 3.19 | % | 3.17 | % | |||||||
| Current discount rate | 5.38 | % | 5.45 | % | |||||||
| PRT | |||||||||||
| Interest accretion rate | 4.82 | % | 4.72 | % | |||||||
| Current discount rate | 5.39 | % | 5.54 | % | |||||||
The following tables summarize the actual experience and expected experience for mortality and lapses of the FPB:
| March 31, 2025 | |||||||||||||||||
| Traditional life | Immediate annuities | PRT | |||||||||||||||
| Mortality | |||||||||||||||||
| Actual experience | 1.8 | % | 3.0 | % | 3.4 | % | |||||||||||
| Expected experience | 1.6 | % | 1.7 | % | 2.5 | % | |||||||||||
| Lapses | |||||||||||||||||
| Actual experience | — | % | — | % | — | % | |||||||||||
| Expected experience | 0.6 | % | — | % | — | % | |||||||||||
| December 31, 2024 | |||||||||||||||||
| Traditional life | Immediate annuities | PRT | |||||||||||||||
| Mortality | |||||||||||||||||
| Actual experience | 1.4 | % | 2.7 | % | 2.7 | % | |||||||||||
| Expected experience | 1.5 | % | 1.9 | % | 2.5 | % | |||||||||||
| Lapses | |||||||||||||||||
| Actual experience | 0.1 | % | — | % | — | % | |||||||||||
| Expected experience | 0.5 | % | — | % | — | % | |||||||||||
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The following table provides additional information for periods in which a cohort has a net premium ratio (“NPR”) greater than 100% (and therefore capped at 100%) (dollars in millions):
| March 31, 2025 | |||||||||||
| Cohort X | Description | ||||||||||
| NPR before capping | 107 | % | Term with return of premium Non-NY Cohort | ||||||||
| Reserves before NPR capping | $ | 1,154 | Term with return of premium Non-NY Cohort | ||||||||
| Reserves after NPR capping | 1,177 | Term with return of premium Non-NY Cohort | |||||||||
| Loss Expense | 23 | Term with return of premium Non-NY Cohort | |||||||||
F&G made changes to assumptions during the three months ended March 31, 2025 and the year ended December 31, 2024. Significant assumption inputs used in the calculation of our FPB are described below. Refer to the tables above for further details on changes to our FPB.
Traditional life
The traditional life line of business primarily consists of policies that were sold prior to 2010. As this line of business continues to age, benefit payments made from these contracts will be the primary driver of the emergence of reserves, decreasing the reserve balance.
Significant assumption inputs to the calculation of the FPB for traditional life include mortality, lapses (including lapses due to nonpayment of premium and surrenders for cash surrender value), and discount rates (both accretion and current). We review the cash flow assumptions annually, typically in the third quarter. In 2025, no updates have been made to any significant assumptions used in the FPB liability. In 2024, F&G made an adjustment to the calculation to reflect additional actuarial precision, unrelated to the assumptions, driving an increase to the FPB liability.
Market data that underlies current discount rates was updated in 2025 from that utilized in 2024 resulting in decreased discount rates that drove an increase to the FPB. Market data that underlies current discount rates was updated in 2024 from that utilized in 2023 resulting in increased discount rates that drove a decrease to the FPB.
Immediate annuities (life contingent)
Significant assumption inputs to the calculation of the FPB for immediate annuities (life contingent) include mortality and discount rates (both accretion and current). We review the cash flow assumptions annually, typically in the third quarter. In 2024, F&G undertook a review of the significant cash flow assumptions and did not make any changes to mortality. Market data that underlies current discount rates was updated in 2025 from that utilized in 2024 resulting in decreased discount rates that drove an increase to the FPB. Market data that underlies current discount rates was updated in 2024 from that utilized in 2023 resulting in increased discount rates that drove a decrease to the FPB.
PRT (life contingent)
The PRT line of business has issued a significant volume of contracts for 2024, which is the primary impact in increasing the reserve balance in each of those periods.
Significant assumption inputs to the calculation of the FPB for PRT (life contingent) include mortality and discount rates (both accretion and current). Additionally, for PRT contracts with deferred payment streams, retirement age and elected payment form are significant assumptions. We review the cash flow assumptions annually, typically in the third quarter. In 2024, F&G undertook a review of the significant cash flow assumptions and did not make any changes to any significant assumptions. Market data that underlies current discount rates was updated in 2025 from that utilized in 2024 resulting in decreased discount rates that drove an increase to the FPB. Market data that underlies current discount rates was updated in 2024 from that utilized in 2023 resulting in increased discount rates that drove a decrease to the FPB.
59
Premium deficiency testing
F&G conducts annual premium deficiency testing for its long-duration contracts except for the FPB for nonparticipating traditional and limited-payment contracts. F&G also conducts annual premium deficiency testing for the VOBA of all long-duration contracts. Premium deficiency testing is performed by reviewing assumptions used to calculate the insurance liabilities and determining whether the sum of the existing contract liabilities and the present value of future gross premiums is sufficient to cover the present value of future benefits to be paid to or on behalf of policyholders and settlement costs and recover unamortized present value of future profits. Anticipated investment income, based on F&G’s experience, is considered when performing premium deficiency testing for long-duration contracts. During 2024, F&G did not pass premium deficiency testing for the traditional life block of business, related to the recoverability of VOBA. Due to that result, F&G began accruing a liability in the fourth quarter of 2024 that increases the amortization of traditional life VOBA. The liability balance was immaterial at both March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024.
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Note K - Accounts Payable and Accrued Liabilities
As of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, the total unearned revenue liabilities (“URL”) balance of $436 million and $401 million, respectively, is included in Accounts payable and accrued liabilities on the unaudited Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. The following table presents a reconciliation of Accounts payable and accrued liabilities to the unaudited Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets as of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024 (in millions):
| March 31, 2025 | December 31, 2024 | ||||||||||
| Salaries and incentives | $ | 56 | $ | 116 | |||||||
| Accrued benefits | 67 | 67 | |||||||||
| URL | 436 | 401 | |||||||||
| Trade accounts payable | 202 | 147 | |||||||||
| Liability for policy and contract claims | 113 | 102 | |||||||||
| Retained asset account | 57 | 60 | |||||||||
| Remittances and items not allocated | 381 | 224 | |||||||||
| Option collateral liabilities | 544 | 679 | |||||||||
| Lease liability | 9 | 10 | |||||||||
| Investment purchases payable | 152 | 100 | |||||||||
| Contingent consideration | 64 | 74 | |||||||||
| Accrued interest on notes payable | 42 | 31 | |||||||||
| Interest rate swaps | — | 10 | |||||||||
| Other accrued liabilities | 191 | 198 | |||||||||
Accounts payable and accrued liabilities | $ | 2,314 | $ | 2,219 | |||||||
The following table rolls forward URL for our universal life product for the three months ended March 31, 2025 and March 31, 2024 (in millions):
| Three Months Ended March 31, | |||||||||||
| 2025 | 2024 | ||||||||||
| Balance at January 1, | $ | 401 | $ | 270 | |||||||
| Capitalization | 41 | 35 | |||||||||
| Amortization | (6) | (4) | |||||||||
| Balance at March 31, | $ | 436 | $ | 301 | |||||||
For IUL the cash flow assumptions used to amortize URL reflect the Company’s best estimates for policyholder behavior. We review cash flow assumptions annually, generally in the third quarter. In 2024, F&G undertook a review of all significant assumptions, resulting in a revision to the IUL assumptions involving premium persistency and mortality improvement.
61
Note L — Notes Payable
The carrying amounts of notes payable are summarized as follows (in millions):
| March 31, 2025 | December 31, 2024 | ||||||||||
6.250% F&G Senior Notes, net of $8 and $8 of deferred issuance costs at March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively | $ | 492 | $ | 492 | |||||||
6.50% F&G Senior Notes, net of $5 and $5 of deferred issuance costs at March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively | 545 | 545 | |||||||||
7.95% F&G Senior Notes, net of $9 and $9 of deferred issuance costs at March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively | 336 | 336 | |||||||||
7.40% F&G Senior Notes, net of $3 and $3 of deferred issuance costs at March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively | 497 | 497 | |||||||||
5.50% F&G Senior Notes, net of $0 and $1 of purchase premium at March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively | — | 301 | |||||||||
7.300% F&G Junior Notes, net of $11 and $0 of deferred issuance costs at March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively | 364 | — | |||||||||
| Total | $ | 2,234 | $ | 2,171 | |||||||
7.300% F&G Junior Notes - On January 13, 2025, F&G completed its public offering of its 7.300% Junior Subordinated Notes due 2065 with an aggregate principal amount of $375 million (the “7.300% F&G Junior Notes”). F&G intends to use the net proceeds of this offering for general corporate purposes, including the repurchase, redemption or repayment at maturity of outstanding indebtedness. The 7.300% F&G Junior Notes are junior, unsecured subordinated obligations of F&G. Interest is payable quarterly in arrears beginning on April 15, 2025, and the 7.300% F&G Junior Notes mature on January 15, 2065, unless earlier repurchased or redeemed. The 7.300% F&G Junior Notes become redeemable in whole or in part, any time and from time to time on or after January 15, 2030 or within 90 days of the occurrence of certain events as described in the indenture. The 7.300% F&G Junior Notes were registered under the Securities Act of 1933 (as amended) (the “Securities Act”).
Redemption of 5.50% F&G Senior Notes - On February 1, 2025, F&G redeemed the outstanding $300 million aggregate principal amount of its 5.50% F&G Senior Notes
. The notes were redeemed for a redemption price equal to 100% of the principal amount of the notes plus accrued and unpaid interest to, but excluding, the redemption date. On and after the redemption date, interest ceased to accrue on the notes.
Revolving credit facility - F&G has a senior unsecured revolving credit agreement (the “Credit Agreement”). The balance outstanding was $0 at both March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, and total borrowing availability was $750 million as of March 31, 2025. The maturity date of the Credit Agreement is November 22, 2027.
Covenants - The Credit Agreement imposes and the indentures governing the 7.300% F&G Junior Notes, 6.250% F&G Senior Notes, 6.50% F&G Senior Notes, 7.95% F&G Senior Notes, 7.40% F&G Senior Notes and 5.50% F&G Senior Notes impose certain operating and financial restrictions on F&G. The Credit Agreement imposes certain financial covenants on F&G, and as of March 31, 2025, we were in compliance with all covenants.
62
Interest Expense - Amortization of deferred issuance costs and purchase premiums are recognized as a component of interest expense. Interest expense on F&G’s outstanding notes payable for the three months ended March 31, 2025 and March 31, 2024 was as follows (in millions):
| Three months ended March 31, | |||||||||||
| 2025 | 2024 | ||||||||||
6.250% F&G Senior Notes | $ | 8 | $ | — | |||||||
6.50% F&G Senior Notes | 9 | — | |||||||||
7.95% F&G Senior Notes | 7 | 8 | |||||||||
7.40% F&G Senior Notes | 9 | 10 | |||||||||
5.50% F&G Senior Notes | — | 6 | |||||||||
7.300% F&G Junior Notes | 6 | — | |||||||||
| Revolving Credit Facility | 1 | 6 | |||||||||
| Total | $ | 40 | $ | 30 | |||||||
Note M — Supplemental Cash Flow Information
The following supplemental cash flow information is provided with respect to certain cash payment and non-cash investing and financing activities (in millions):
| Three months ended March 31, | |||||||||||
| 2025 | 2024 | ||||||||||
| Cash paid (refunded) for: | |||||||||||
| Interest paid | $ | 29 | $ | 32 | |||||||
| Income taxes paid (refunded) | — | 1 | |||||||||
| Deferred sales inducements | 71 | 54 | |||||||||
| Non-cash investing and financing activities: | |||||||||||
| Investments transferred subject to reinsurance agreement | (500) | — | |||||||||
| Change in proceeds of sales of investments available for sale receivable in period | 48 | (23) | |||||||||
| Change in purchases of investments available for sale payable in period | 53 | 171 | |||||||||
Refer to Note P - Acquisitions for information on the acquisition of Roar including the assets acquired and liabilities and non-controlling interest assumed as of the acquisition date.
Note N — Commitments and Contingencies
Contingent Consideration
Under the terms of the purchase agreement for Roar, we have agreed to make cash payments of up to approximately $90 million over a three-year period upon the achievement by Roar of certain EBITDA milestones. The contingent consideration is recorded at fair value in Accounts payable and accrued liabilities on the unaudited Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. Roar achieved the required EBITDA milestone based on results for the year ended December 31, 2024, and we made the first cash payment of $12 million during the quarter ended March 31, 2025. The remaining contingent consideration recorded at March 31, 2025 is $64 million. Refer to Note P - Acquisitions for more information on the Roar acquisition, and refer to Note B - Fair Value of Financial Instruments for more information regarding the fair value of the contingent consideration.
Legal and Regulatory Contingencies
In the ordinary course of business, we are involved in various pending and threatened litigation matters related to our operations, some of which include claims for punitive or exemplary damages. Like other companies, our ordinary course litigation includes a number of class action and purported class action lawsuits, which make allegations related to aspects of our operations. We believe that no actions, other than the matters discussed below, if any, depart from customary litigation incidental to our business.
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We review lawsuits and other legal and regulatory matters (collectively “legal proceedings”) on an ongoing basis when making accrual and disclosure decisions. When assessing reasonably possible and probable outcomes, management bases its decision on its assessment of the ultimate outcome assuming all appeals have been exhausted. For legal proceedings in which it has been determined that a loss is both probable and reasonably estimable, a liability based on known facts and that represents our best estimate has been recorded. Our accrual for legal and regulatory matters was insignificant as of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024. We do not consider (i) the amounts we have currently recorded for all legal proceedings in which it has been determined that a loss is both probable and reasonably estimable and (ii) reasonably possible losses for all pending legal proceedings to be material to our financial statements either individually or in the aggregate. Actual losses may materially differ from the amounts recorded and the ultimate outcome of our pending legal proceedings is generally not yet determinable. While some of these matters could be material to our operating results or cash flows for any particular period if an unfavorable outcome results, at present we do not believe that the ultimate resolution of currently pending legal proceedings, either individually or in the aggregate, will have a material adverse effect on our financial condition.
Fidelity & Guaranty Life Insurance Company (“FGL Insurance”) is a defendant in a lawsuit filed in U.S. District Court for the Southern District of Texas styled, Insurance Distribution Consulting, LLC v. Fidelity & Guaranty Life Insurance Company, Case No. 3:23-cv-00126. Plaintiff, which provides consulting services to independent marketing organizations (“IMO”), alleges FGL Insurance failed to pay commissions owed to Plaintiff and diverted commissions from one of Plaintiff’s IMO customers, Syncis, to another IMO, Freedom Equity Group, LLC (“Freedom Equity”). Further, Plaintiff alleges after FGL Insurance purportedly purchased a partial ownership interest in Syncis and Freedom Equity, Plaintiff offered to sell its interests in its contracts with Syncis but FGL Insurance declined, leading Plaintiff to allege a statutory violation of 42 U.S.C. §1981 for discrimination where Plaintiff’s sole member is a racial minority. Plaintiff claims its damages for breach of contract from FGL Insurance’s purported failure to pay commissions are more than $162 million and its damages from FGL Insurance’s declining to purchase Plaintiff’s interest in its contracts with Syncis are over $11 million. FGL Insurance denies the allegations and denies any contract or agreement existed with Plaintiff to pay commissions. FGL Insurance filed its motion for summary judgment, and the briefing is in process. The trial is expected to be set in the summer of 2025. FGL Insurance will vigorously contest the Plaintiff’s claims in the action. As this case continues to evolve, it is not possible to reasonably estimate the probability that Plaintiff will ultimately prevail on its claims or that FGL Insurance will be held liable for the dispute. At this time, F&G does not believe the lawsuit will have a material impact on its business, operations, or financial results.
On May 28, 2024, a stockholder derivative lawsuit styled, Roofers Local 149 Pension Fund v. Fidelity National Financial Inc., William P. Foley, F&G Annuities & Life Inc., C.A. No. 2024-0562-LWW, was filed in the Chancery Court of the State of Delaware against FNF, in its capacity as F&G’s controlling stockholder, and William P. Foley, Executive Chairman of F&G and Chairman of FNF, alleging breach of fiduciary duty related to F&G’s January 11, 2024 sale of $250 million of 6.875% Series A Mandatory Convertible Preferred Stock to FNF. Plaintiff alleges that, based upon the unfair process and unfair price, the preferred stock investment was advantageous to FNF and unfair to F&G. Plaintiff seeks to recover damages on behalf of F&G for the alleged unfair preferred stock investment and the adoption of certain corporate governance measures. On July 24, 2024, F&G filed its answer to plaintiff’s complaint, and the remaining defendants, including FNF, filed their motion to dismiss Plantiff’s complaint. On September 23, 2024, plaintiff voluntarily dismissed its action against William P. Foley, leaving FNF’s motion to dismiss fully briefed and a decision pending with the court. On February 4, 2025, FNF argued the motion to dismiss before the court. The remaining defendants will vigorously contest the plaintiff’s claims in the action.
F&G is a defendant in two putative class action lawsuits related to the alleged compromise of certain customers’ personal information resulting from an alleged vulnerability in the MOVEit file transfer software. F&G’s vendor, Pension Benefit Information, LLC (“PBI”), used the MOVEit software in the course of providing audit and address research services to F&G and many other corporate customers. Miller v. F&G, No. 4:23-cv-00326 was filed against F&G in the Southern District of Iowa on August 31, 2023. Miller alleges that he is a F&G customer whose information was impacted in the MOVEit incident and brings common law tort and implied contract claims. Cooper v. Progress Software Corp., No. 1:23-cv-12067 was filed against F&G and five other defendants in the District of
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Massachusetts on September 7, 2023. Cooper also alleges that he is a F&G customer and brings similar common law tort claims and alleges claims as a purported third-party beneficiary of an alleged contract.
Well over 150 similar lawsuits have been filed against other entities impacted by the MOVEit incident including a number of such lawsuits related to PBI’s use of MOVEit. On October 4, 2023, the U.S. Judicial Panel on Multidistrict Litigation created a multidistrict litigation (“MDL”) pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 1407 to handle all litigation brought by individuals whose information was potentially compromised in connection with the alleged MOVEit vulnerability. Both Miller and Cooper have been transferred to the MDL and are consolidated under MDL Case No. 1:23-md-03083-ADB-PGL. The case is proceeding under a modified bellwether structure to decide critical issues and facilitate reciprocal discovery, and Plaintiffs’ consolidated class action complaint against all the bellwether Defendants was filed on December 6, 2024. F&G was not selected as a bellwether Defendant, and there is no schedule in place for further proceedings involving the non-bellwether Defendants like F&G. At this time, F&G does not believe the incident will have a material impact on its business, operations, or financial results.
From time to time, we receive inquiries and requests for information from state insurance departments, attorneys general and other regulatory agencies about various matters relating to our business. Sometimes these take the form of civil investigative demands or subpoenas. We cooperate with all such inquiries and we have responded to or are currently responding to inquiries from multiple governmental agencies. From time to time, we are assessed fines for violations of regulations or other matters or enter into settlements with such authorities, which may require us to pay fines or claims or take other actions. We do not anticipate such fines and settlements, either individually or in the aggregate, will have a material adverse effect on the Company’s business, operations, or financial condition.
Commitments
We have unfunded commitments as of March 31, 2025 based upon the timing of when investments and agreements are executed or signed compared to when the actual investments and agreements are funded or closed. Some investments require that funding occur over a period of months or years. A summary of unfunded commitments by commitment type as of March 31, 2025 is included below (in millions):
| March 31, 2025 | |||||
| Unconsolidated VIEs: | |||||
| Limited partnerships | $ | 1,157 | |||
| Whole loans | 231 | ||||
| Fixed maturity securities, asset-backed securities | 382 | ||||
| Direct Lending | 1,263 | ||||
| Other fixed maturity securities, AFS | 148 | ||||
| Commercial mortgage loans | 94 | ||||
| Residential mortgage loans | 222 | ||||
| Other assets | 203 | ||||
Total | $ | 3,700 | |||
Concurrent with the Roar purchase agreement, we executed a separate loan agreement with the sellers of Roar for us to lend up to $40 million. The loan matures on August 5, 2027. The principal balance outstanding as of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024 was $11 million, and the balance is included in “Prepaid expenses and other assets” on the unaudited Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. Changes in fair value are reported within Recognized gains and losses, net in the unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations. Interest income is recorded in Interest and investment income in the unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations and recognized when earned. The remainder of the unfunded loan commitment is included in the unfunded commitments table above in the “Other assets” line item. Refer to Note P - Acquisitions for more information on the Roar acquisition and Note B - Fair Value of Financial Instruments for information regarding the fair value calculation of this loan receivable.
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Note O — Insurance Subsidiary Financial Information and Regulatory Matters
Our U.S. insurance subsidiaries, FGL Insurance, FGL NY Insurance, Raven Re and Corbeau Re, file financial statements with state insurance regulatory authorities and, except for Raven Re, with the National Association of Insurance Commissioners (“NAIC”) that are prepared in accordance with Statutory Accounting Principles (“SAP”) prescribed or permitted by such authorities, which may vary materially from GAAP. Prescribed SAP includes the Accounting Practices and Procedures Manual of the NAIC as well as state laws, regulations and administrative rules. Permitted SAP encompasses all accounting practices not prescribed but approved by state regulators. The principal differences between SAP financial statements and financial statements prepared in accordance with GAAP are that SAP financial statements do not reflect VOBA, DAC, and DSI, some bond portfolios may be carried at amortized cost, assets and liabilities are presented net of reinsurance, contractholder liabilities are generally valued using more conservative assumptions and certain assets are non-admitted. Accordingly, SAP operating results and SAP capital and surplus may differ substantially from amounts reported in the GAAP basis financial statements for comparable items.
Our non-U.S. insurance subsidiaries, F&G Cayman Re Ltd (“F&G Cayman Re”) (Cayman) and F&G Life Re Ltd (“F&G Life Re”) (Bermuda), file financial statements with their respective regulators.
U.S. Companies
Our principal insurance subsidiaries' statutory financial statements are based on a December 31 year end. Statutory net income for the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024, and statutory capital and surplus as of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, of our wholly owned U.S. regulated insurance subsidiaries, were as follows (in millions):
Subsidiary (state of domicile) (a) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| FGL Insurance (IA) | FGL NY Insurance (NY) | Raven Re (VT) | Corbeau Re (VT) | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Statutory Net income (loss): | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| For the three months ended March 31, 2025 | $ | (127) | $ | 4 | $ | 10 | $ | (52) | |||||||||||||||
| For the three months ended March 31, 2024 | — | 2 | 15 | (134) | |||||||||||||||||||
| Statutory Capital and Surplus: | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| March 31, 2025 | $ | 1,451 | $ | 98 | $ | 178 | $ | 187 | |||||||||||||||
| December 31, 2024 | 1,654 | 97 | 168 | 178 | |||||||||||||||||||
(a)FGL NY Insurance, Raven Re and Corbeau Re are subsidiaries of FGL Insurance, and the columns should not be added together.
Prescribed and permitted practices
FGL Insurance - FGL Insurance applies Iowa-prescribed accounting practices prescribed by Iowa Administrative Code 191 Chapter 97, “Accounting for Certain Derivative Instruments Used to Hedge the Growth in Interest Credited for Indexed Insurance Products and Accounting for the Indexed Insurance Products Reserve,” for its indexed annuities and IUL products. Under these alternative accounting practices, the equity option derivative instruments that hedge the growth in interest credited on index products are accounted for at amortized cost with the corresponding amortization recorded as a decrease to net investment income and indexed annuity reserves are calculated based on Standard Valuation Law and Actuarial Guideline XXXV assuming the market value of the equity options associated with the current index term is zero regardless of the observable market value for such options.
In addition, based on a permitted practice received from the Iowa Insurance Division, FGL Insurance carries one of its limited partnership interests which qualifies for accounting under SSAP No. 48, “Investments in Joint Ventures, Partnerships and Limited Liability Companies,” on a net asset value per share basis. This is a departure from SSAP No. 48 which requires such investments to be carried based on the investees underlying GAAP equity (prior to any impairment considerations). This limited partnership investment was redeemed as of December 31, 2024 and subsequently repurchased during the first quarter of 2025. In addition, the financial statements of Raven
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Re and Corbeau Re include certain permitted practices approved by the Vermont Department of Financial Regulation. Without these permitted practices, the carry value of these two entities would be zero.
The prescribed and permitted practices resulted in increases to statutory capital and surplus of $286 million and $454 million at March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively.
There have been no material changes to the prescribed and permitted practices for our U.S. insurance subsidiaries, which were detailed in our Annual Report on Form 10-K, and no other significant changes in the regulatory status of our insurance subsidiaries as of March 31, 2025.
Non-U.S. Companies
Our non-U.S. insurance subsidiaries, F&G Cayman Re and F&G Life Re, file financial statements with their respective regulators. F&G Cayman Re files financial statements that are prepared in accordance with SAP prescribed or permitted by such authorities, which may vary materially from GAAP. Accordingly, SAP operating results and SAP capital and surplus may differ substantially from amounts reported in the GAAP basis financial statements for comparable items.
F&G Cayman Re has two permitted practices, which have been approved by the Cayman Islands Monetary Authority (“CIMA”). F&G Cayman Re has a permitted practice approved by CIMA to include, as an admitted asset, the value of the letters of credit (“LOCs”) acquired to support reinsurance transactions. Also, F&G Cayman Re has a permitted practice, approved by CIMA, for PRT reinsurance transactions to use U.S. statutory book value adjusted for best estimate reserve calculations (consistent with GAAP prior to ASU 2018-12, Financial Services-Insurance (Topic 944), Targeted Improvements to the Accounting for Long-Duration Contracts). These reserve calculations will be subject to annual assumption reviews consistent with other GAAP liability balances. If F&G Cayman Re had not been permitted to calculate PRT assumed reserves using best estimate reserve calculations or include the value of the LOCs as an admitted asset, statutory surplus would be $(72) million and $(64) million as of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively. Without such permitted statutory accounting practices, F&G Cayman Re’s risk-based capital would fall below the minimum regulatory requirements as of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024.
F&G Life Re files financial statements based on GAAP.
Net income and capital and surplus of our wholly owned Cayman Islands and Bermuda regulated insurance subsidiaries under SAP and GAAP, respectively, were as follows (in millions):
| Subsidiary (country of domicile) | |||||||||||
| F&G Cayman Re (Cayman Islands) | F&G Life Re (Bermuda) | ||||||||||
| Statutory Net income (loss): | |||||||||||
| For the three months ended March 31, 2025 | $ | 15 | $ | 34 | |||||||
| For the three months ended March 31, 2024 | (17) | 49 | |||||||||
| Statutory Capital and Surplus: | |||||||||||
| March 31, 2025 | $ | 954 | $ | 157 | |||||||
| December 31, 2024 | 734 | 123 | |||||||||
The prescribed and permitted statutory accounting practices have no impact on our unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements, which are prepared in accordance with GAAP.
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Note P — Acquisitions
Owned Distribution - Acquisition of Roar Joint Venture, LLC
On January 2, 2024, F&G acquired a 70% majority ownership stake in the equity of Roar Joint Venture, LLC (“Roar”). Roar wholesales life insurance and annuity products to banks and broker-dealers through a network of agents. Under the terms of the purchase agreement, the Company has agreed to make cash payments of up to approximately $90 million over a three-year period upon the achievement of certain EBITDA milestones of Roar. See Note N - Commitments and Contingencies for a discussion of the first contingent consideration payment and remaining contingent consideration balance as of March 31, 2025.
The initial purchase price was as follows (in millions):
Cash paid for 70% majority interest of Roar shares | $ | 269 | |||
| Less: Cash acquired net of non-controlling interests | 1 | ||||
Net cash paid for 70% majority interest of Roar | 268 | ||||
| Initial fair value of contingent consideration | 48 | ||||
| Total initial consideration | $ | 316 | |||
The following table summarizes the fair value amounts recognized for the assets acquired and liabilities assumed as of the acquisition date (in millions):
| Fair value as of January 2, 2024 | |||||
| Goodwill | $ | 268 | |||
| Prepaid expenses and other assets | 3 | ||||
| Other intangible assets | 183 | ||||
| Total assets acquired | 454 | ||||
| Accounts payable and accrued liabilities | 2 | ||||
| Total liabilities assumed | 2 | ||||
| Non-controlling interests (fair value determined using income approach) | 136 | ||||
| Total liabilities assumed and non-controlling interests | 138 | ||||
| Net assets acquired | $ | 316 | |||
The gross carrying value and weighted average estimated useful lives of Other intangible assets acquired in the Roar acquisition consist of the following (dollars in millions):
| Gross Carrying Value | Estimated Useful Life (in years) | ||||||||||
| Other intangible assets: | |||||||||||
| Customer relationships | $ | 179 | 12 | ||||||||
| Definite lived trademarks, tradenames, and other | 4 | 10 | |||||||||
| Total Other intangible assets | $ | 183 | |||||||||
Goodwill consists primarily of intangible assets that do not qualify for separate recognition, such as the assembled workforce and synergies between the entities. The total amount of goodwill recorded is expected to be deductible for tax purposes.
Roar’s revenues of $16 million and $23 million and net earnings attributable to F&G common shareholders of $1 million and $3 million are included in the unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations for the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively.
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Owned Distribution - Acquisition of PALH, LLC
On July 18, 2024, F&G acquired a 100% ownership stake in the equity of PALH, LLC (“PALH”). PALH markets and sells life insurance and annuity products of various insurance carriers to individuals through a network of agents. Prior to the acquisition date, PALH owned a 70% ownership stake in an operating company of which F&G owned 30% equity. Immediately before the acquisition date, the fair value of F&G’s minority stake in the operating company was approximately $92 million, derived from the transaction value. The transaction value contemplates measures such as EBITDA margin, revenue growth over time periods and growth opportunities. This remeasurement resulted in a realized gain of $2 million recorded in Recognized gains and (losses), net in the unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations during the third quarter of 2024.
The purchase price was as follows (in millions):
| Cash consideration | $ | 215 | |||
| Less: Cash acquired | 1 | ||||
| Net cash paid | 214 | ||||
| Settlement of prepaid asset | 8 | ||||
| Acquisition date fair value of previously held interests | 92 | ||||
| Total consideration | $ | 314 | |||
The following table summarizes the fair value amounts recognized for the assets acquired and liabilities assumed as of the acquisition date (in millions):
| Fair value as of July 18, 2024 | |||||
| Goodwill | $ | 162 | |||
| Prepaid expenses and other assets | 5 | ||||
| Other intangible assets | 149 | ||||
| Total assets acquired | 316 | ||||
| Accounts payable and accrued liabilities | 2 | ||||
| Total liabilities assumed | 2 | ||||
| Net assets acquired | $ | 314 | |||
The gross carrying value and weighted average estimated useful lives of Other intangible assets acquired in the PALH acquisition consist of the following (dollars in millions):
| Gross Carrying Value | Estimated Useful Life (in years) | ||||||||||
| Other intangible assets: | |||||||||||
| Customer relationships | $ | 131 | 20 | ||||||||
| Definite lived trademarks, tradenames, and other | 18 | 5 to 10 | |||||||||
| Total Other intangible assets | $ | 149 | |||||||||
Goodwill consists primarily of intangible assets that do not qualify for separate recognition, such as the assembled workforce and synergies between the entities. A portion of the total amount of goodwill recorded is expected to be deductible for tax purposes.
PALH’s revenues and net loss attributable to F&G common shareholders of an immaterial amount and $3 million, respectively, are included in the unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations for the three months ended March 31, 2025.
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Note Q - Earnings Per Share
The following table sets forth the computation of basic and diluted EPS (dollars and shares in millions except per share data):
| Three months ended March 31, | |||||||||||
| 2025 | 2024 | ||||||||||
| Net earnings (loss) | $ | (21) | $ | 116 | |||||||
| Less: Non-controlling interests | — | 1 | |||||||||
| Net earnings (loss) attributable to F&G | (21) | 115 | |||||||||
| Less: Preferred stock dividend | 4 | 4 | |||||||||
| Net earnings (loss) attributable to F&G common shareholders | $ | (25) | $ | 111 | |||||||
| Weighted-average common shares outstanding - basic | 126 | 124 | |||||||||
| Dilutive effect of unvested restricted stock | — | 1 | |||||||||
| Dilutive effect of mandatory convertible preferred stock | — | 5 | |||||||||
| Weighted-average shares outstanding - diluted | 126 | 130 | |||||||||
| Net earnings (loss) per share attributable to F&G common shareholders | |||||||||||
| Basic - net | $ | (0.20) | $ | 0.90 | |||||||
| Diluted - net | $ | (0.20) | $ | 0.88 | |||||||
Under applicable accounting guidance, companies in a loss position are required to use basic weighted average common shares outstanding in the calculation of diluted loss per share. Therefore, as a result of our net loss for the three months ended March 31, 2025, the inclusion of approximately 1 million restricted shares and 5 million convertible preferred shares would have been antidilutive to the calculation. If we had not incurred a net loss for the three months ended March 31, 2025 dilutive potential common shares would have been 132 million.
Unless converted earlier in accordance with the terms of certificate of designations, each share of the FNF preferred stock will automatically convert on the mandatory conversion date, which is expected to be January 15, 2027, into between 0.9456 shares and 1.1111 shares of common stock, in each case, subject to customary anti-dilution adjustments described in the certificate of designations.
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Note R - Segment Information
F&G has one reportable segment, which reflects the manner by which our CODM, the Chief Executive Officer of F&G, views and manages the business. F&G’s CODM uses the consolidated net earnings (loss) as reported on the unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations to evaluate F&G’s results and measure profitability and performance. The measure of segment assets is reported on the unaudited Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets as total consolidated assets.
Summarized financial information concerning our single reportable segment is shown in the following table (in millions).
| Three months ended March 31, | |||||||||||
| 2025 | 2024 | ||||||||||
| Revenues: | |||||||||||
| Life-contingent pension risk transfer premiums | $ | 311 | $ | 584 | |||||||
| Traditional life insurance and life-contingent immediate annuity premiums | 10 | 12 | |||||||||
| Surrender charges | 57 | 43 | |||||||||
| Policyholder fees and other income | 111 | 79 | |||||||||
| Life insurance premiums and other fees | 489 | 718 | |||||||||
| Owned distribution revenues | 16 | 23 | |||||||||
| Revenues from external customers | 505 | 741 | |||||||||
| Interest and investment income | 666 | 616 | |||||||||
| Recognized gains and (losses), net | (263) | 212 | |||||||||
| Total revenues | 908 | 1,569 | |||||||||
| Significant expenses (a): | |||||||||||
| Benefits and other changes in policy reserves | 524 | 1,161 | |||||||||
| Personnel costs | 67 | 66 | |||||||||
| Other operating expenses | 41 | 58 | |||||||||
| Total significant expenses: | 632 | 1,285 | |||||||||
| Other segment items | |||||||||||
| Market risk benefit (gains) losses | 109 | (11) | |||||||||
| Depreciation and amortization | 153 | 123 | |||||||||
| Interest expense | 40 | 30 | |||||||||
| Total other segment items: | 302 | 142 | |||||||||
| Total expenses | 934 | 1,427 | |||||||||
| Earnings (loss) before income taxes | (26) | 142 | |||||||||
| Income tax (benefit) expense | (5) | 26 | |||||||||
| Net earnings (loss) | $ | (21) | $ | 116 | |||||||
(a)The significant expense categories and amounts align with the segment-level information that is regularly provided to the CODM.
F&G derives its revenue from external customers primarily located in the United States. Life insurance premiums and other fees primarily reflect premiums on life-contingent PRTs and traditional life insurance products, which are recognized as revenue when due from the policyholder, as well as policy rider fees primarily on indexed annuities policies, the cost of insurance on IUL policies and surrender charges assessed against policy withdrawals in excess of the policyholder's allowable penalty-free amounts. We have ceded the majority of our traditional life business to unaffiliated third-party reinsurers. While the base contract has been reinsured, we continue to retain the return of premium rider. Other income related to riders is earned when elected by the policyholder. Surrender charges are earned when a policyholder withdraws funds from the contract early or cancels the contract.
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Item 2. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
The statements contained in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q that are not purely historical are forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, including statements regarding our expectations, hopes, intentions or strategies regarding the future. All forward-looking statements included in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q are based on information available to us on the date hereof, and we assume no obligation to update any such forward-looking statements. It is important to note that our actual results could vary materially from those forward-looking statements contained herein due to many factors, including, but not limited to: the potential impact of our business relationships, including with our employees, customers and competitors; changes in general economic, business and political conditions, including changes in the financial markets; weakness or adverse changes in the level of activity in our sector or the sectors of our affiliated companies, which may be caused by, among other things, high or increasing interest rates, or a weak U.S. economy; significant competition that our operating subsidiaries face; compliance with extensive government regulation; consumer spending; government spending; the volatility and strength of the capital markets; investor and consumer confidence; foreign currency exchange rates; commodity prices; inflation levels; changes in trade policy; tariffs and trade sanctions on goods; trade wars; supply chain disruptions; and other risks detailed in the “Statement Regarding Forward-Looking Information,” “Risk Factors” and other sections of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024, and other filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”).
Unless the context indicates otherwise, as used herein, the terms “we,” “us,” “our,” the “Company” or “F&G” refer collectively to F&G Annuities & Life, Inc., and its subsidiaries.
The following discussion should be read in conjunction with our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024.
Overview
For a description of our business, including descriptions of recent business developments, see the discussion in Note A - Basis of Financial Statements in the unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements included in Item 1 of Part I of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, which is incorporated by reference into this Part I, Item 2.
Business Trends and Conditions
The following factors represent some of the key trends and uncertainties that have influenced the development of the Company and its historical financial performance, and we believe these key trends and uncertainties will continue to influence the business and financial performance of the Company in the future. See “Risk Factors” in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and Item 1A of Part I of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024 for further discussion of risk factors that could affect our business.
Market Conditions
Market conditions can change rapidly with significant positive or negative impacts on our results. Volatility can pressure sales and reduce demand as consumers hesitate to make financial decisions. We anticipate various macroeconomic factors will continue to drive uncertainty and instability, which could have a significant impact on the Company during fiscal year 2025. These factors include, among others, consumer spending, business investment, government spending, the volatility and strength of the capital markets, investor and consumer confidence, foreign currency exchange rates, commodity prices, inflation levels, changes in trade policy, tariffs and trade sanctions on goods, trade wars, United States-China relations and supply chain disruptions.
In light of increasing uncertainty in the markets we serve, we are unable to predict how long the current environment will last or the significance of the financial and operational impacts to us. To enhance the attractiveness and profitability of our products and services, we continually monitor the behavior of our customers, as evidenced by annuitization rates and lapse rates, which vary in response to changes in market conditions. See “Part I. Item 1A.
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Risk Factors” in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024, which was filed with the SEC on February 28, 2025, for further discussion of risk factors that could affect market conditions.
Interest Rate Environment
Some of our products include guaranteed minimum crediting rates, most notably our fixed rate annuities. As of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, our reserves, net of reinsurance, and average crediting rate on our fixed rate annuities were both $6 billion and 5%. We are required to pay the guaranteed minimum crediting rates even if earnings on our investment portfolio decline, which would negatively impact earnings. In addition, we expect more policyholders to hold policies with comparatively high guaranteed rates for a longer period in a low interest rate environment. Conversely, a rise in average yield on our investment portfolio would increase earnings if the average interest rate we pay on our products does not rise correspondingly. Similarly, we expect that policyholders would be less likely to hold policies with existing guarantees as interest rates rise and the relative value of other new business offerings are increased, which would negatively impact our earnings and cash flows.
See “Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosure about Market Risk” in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for a more detailed discussion of interest rate risk.
Aging of the U.S. Population
We believe that the aging of the U.S. population will increase the demand for our indexed annuity and indexed universal life (“IUL”) products. As the “baby boomer” generation prepares for retirement, we believe that demand for retirement savings, growth, and income products will grow. We serve a growing retirement population, with more than 10,000 Americans turning 65 every day and a projected 30% increase in people age 65 and older over the next 25 years. The impact of this growth may be offset to some extent by asset outflows as an increasing percentage of the population begins withdrawing assets to convert their savings into income.
Industry Factors and Trends Affecting Our Results of Operations
We operate in the sector of the insurance industry that focuses on the needs of middle-income Americans. The underserved middle-income market represents a major growth opportunity for us. As a tool for addressing the unmet need for retirement planning, we believe that many middle-income Americans have grown to appreciate the financial certainty that we believe annuities such as our indexed annuity products afford. For example, the fixed index annuity market grew from nearly $12 billion of sales in 2002 to $130 billion of sales in 2024 and the registered index-linked annuities (“RILA”) market grew from $17 billion of sales in 2019 to $62 billion of sales in 2024. Additionally, this market demand has positively impacted the IUL market as it has expanded from $100 million of annual sales in 2002 to $2 billion of annual sales in 2024.
See Item 7 of Part II of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024 for a more detailed discussion of industry factors and trends affecting our Results of Operations.
Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates
The accounting estimates described in Item 7 of Part II of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024 are those we consider critical in preparing our unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements. Management is required to make estimates and assumptions that can affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosures with respect to contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual amounts could differ from those estimates. See Note A - Basis of Financial Statements included in Part I, Item 1 of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for additional description of certain significant accounting policies that have been followed in preparing our unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.
Business Overview
We are in three distinct retail channels and two institutional markets. Our three retail channels include agent-based Independent Marketing Organizations (“IMOs”), banks and broker-dealers. We have deep, long-tenured relationships with our network of leading IMOs and their agents to serve the needs of the middle-income market and develop competitive annuity and life products to align with their evolving needs. Upon FNF’s acquisition of F&G on June 1, 2020 (the “FNF Acquisition”), and F&G’s subsequent rating upgrades in mid-2020, we launched into banks and broker-dealers. Further, in 2021, we launched into two institutional markets to originate Funding Agreement Backed Notes (“FABN”) and pension risk transfer (“PRT”) transactions. The FABN Program offers funding agreements to institutional clients by means of capital markets transactions through investment banks. The funding agreements issued under the FABN Program are in addition to those issued to the Federal Home Loan Bank of Atlanta (“FHLB”). The PRT solutions business is supported by an experienced team, and we partner with brokers and institutional consultants for distribution. These markets leverage our existing team's spread-based capabilities as well as our strategic partnership with Blackstone ISG-I Advisors LLC (“Blackstone”).
Additionally, we have expanded our owned distribution strategy with majority and minority ownership stakes in a number of IMOs, providing a diversified source of earnings while generating a meaningfully higher risk adjusted return on capital than retained business. Owned distribution further strengthens our relationships with key partners and with industry consolidation underway, we believe we are uniquely positioned to partner as a distribution consolidator. For our minority owned interests, our unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations reflects dividend income in Interest and investment income. For our majority owned interests, unaffiliated commission revenue is recorded in Owned distribution revenue and unaffiliated expenses are recorded in Personnel costs and Other operating expenses in our unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations.
In setting the features and pricing of our flagship indexed annuity products relative to our targeted net margin, we take into account our expectations regarding (1) the difference between the net investment income we earn and the sum of the interest credited to policyholders and the cost of hedging our risk on the policies; (2) fees, including surrender charges and rider fees, partly offset by vesting bonuses that we pay our policyholders; and (3) a number of related expenses, including benefits and changes in reserves, acquisition costs, and general and administrative expenses.
On December 1, 2022, FNF distributed, on a pro rata basis, approximately 15% of the common stock of F&G. The purpose of the distribution was to enhance and more fully recognize the overall market value of each company. FNF retains control of F&G through ownership of approximately 82% of F&G common stock as of March 31, 2025.
Key Components of Our Historical Results of Operations
Through our insurance subsidiaries, we issue a broad portfolio of deferred annuities (indexed annuities and fixed rate annuities), IUL insurance, immediate annuities, funding agreements and PRT solutions. A deferred annuity is a type of contract that accumulates value on a tax deferred basis and typically begins making specified periodic or lump sum payments a certain number of years after the contract has been issued. IUL insurance is a complementary type of contract that accumulates value in a cash value account and provides a payment to designated beneficiaries upon the policyholder’s death. An immediate annuity is a type of contract that begins making specified payments within one annuity period (e.g., one month or one year) and typically makes payments of principal and interest earnings over a period of time. As defined by the Iowa Insurance Division, a funding agreement is an agreement for an insurer to accept and accumulate funds and to make one or more payments at future dates in amounts that are not based on mortality or morbidity contingencies of the person to whom the funding agreement is issued. In essence, funding agreement providers issue fixed maturity contracts with fixed or floating interest rates in exchange for a single upfront premium. Our PRT products are comparable to income annuities, as we generally receive a single, upfront premium in exchange for paying a guaranteed stream of future income payments which are typically fixed in nature but may vary in duration based on participant mortality experience.
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Under GAAP, premium collections for deferred annuities (indexed annuities and fixed rate annuities), immediate annuities and PRT without life contingency, and deposits received for funding agreements are reported in the financial statements as deposit liabilities (i.e., contractholder funds) instead of as sales or revenues. Similarly, cash payments to customers are reported as decreases in the liability for contractholder funds and not as expenses. Sources of revenues for products accounted for as deposit liabilities are net investment income, surrender charges, cost of insurance and other charges deducted from contractholder funds (i.e., amortization of URL), and net realized gains (losses) on investments. Components of expenses for products accounted for as deposit liabilities are interest-sensitive and index product benefits (primarily interest credited to account balances or the hedging cost of providing index credits to the policyholder), amortization of VOBA, DAC and DSI, and other operating costs and expenses.
F&G hedges certain portions of its exposure to product related equity market risk by entering into derivative transactions. We purchase derivatives consisting predominantly of equity options and, to a lesser degree, futures contracts (specifically for indexed annuity contracts) on the equity indices underlying the applicable policy. These derivatives are used to offset the reserve impact of the index credits due to policyholders under the indexed annuity and IUL contracts. The majority of all such equity options are one-year options purchased to match the funding requirements underlying the indexed annuity/IUL contracts. We attempt to manage the cost of these purchases through the terms of our indexed annuity/IUL contracts, which permit us to change caps, spread, or participation rates on each policy's annual anniversary, subject to certain guaranteed minimums that must be maintained. The equity options and futures contracts are marked to fair value with the change in fair value included as a component of net investment gains (losses). The change in fair value of the equity options and futures contracts includes the gains and losses recognized at the expiration of the instruments’ terms or upon early termination and the changes in fair value of open positions. In addition, to reduce market risks from interest rate changes on our earnings associated with our floating rate investments, during 2023, we began to execute pay-float and receive-fixed interest rate swaps.
Market risk benefits (“MRBs”) are contracts or contract features that both provide protection to the contract holder from other-than-nominal capital market risk (equity, interest and foreign exchange risk) and expose the Company to other-than-nominal capital market risk. MRBs (inclusive of reinsured MRBs) are measured at fair value using a risk neutral valuation method, which is based on current net amounts at risk, market data, internal and industry experience, and other factors. The change in fair value of MRBs generally reflects impacts from actual policyholder behavior (including surrenders of the benefit), changes in interest rates, and changes in equity market returns. Generally higher interest rates and equity returns result in gains whereas lower interest rates and equity returns result in losses. Reinsured MRBs are valued using a methodology consistent with direct MRBs, with the exception of the non-performance spread which reflects the credit of the reinsurer.
Earnings from products accounted for as deposit liabilities are primarily generated from the excess of net investment income earned over the sum of interest credited to policyholders and the cost of hedging our risk on indexed annuity/IUL policies, which includes the expenses incurred to fund the index credit with respect to indexed annuities/IULs. Proceeds received upon expiration or early termination of equity options purchased to fund annual index credits are recorded as part of the change in fair value of derivatives and are largely offset by an expense for index credits earned on annuity contractholder fund balances.
Our profitability depends in large part upon the amount of:
i.AUM (see “—Non-GAAP Financial Measures”),
ii.the excess of net investment income over the sum of interest credited to policyholders and the cost of hedging our risk on indexed product policies, earned on our average assets under management (“AAUM” — see “—Non-GAAP Financial Measures”),
iii.flow reinsurance fee income from allocating capital to the highest returning retained business while enhancing cash flow and generating fee-based earnings,
iv.owned distribution margin generated from a meaningfully higher risk adjusted return on capital than retained business and providing a diversifying source of earnings while further strengthening our relationships with key partners, and
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v.through our disciplined expense management and the costs of acquiring new business (principally commissions to agents and bonuses credited to policyholders).
As we grow AUM, earnings generally increase. AUM increases when cash inflows, which include sales, exceed cash outflows. Managing the excess of net investment income earned over the sum of interest credited to policyholders and the cost of hedging our risk on indexed product policies, involves the ability to maximize returns on our AUM and minimize risks such as interest rate changes and defaults or impairment of investments. It also includes our ability to manage interest rates credited to policyholders and costs of the options and futures purchased to fund the annual index credits on the indexed annuities/IULs. We analyze returns on AAUM to measure our profitability.
F&G reinsures portions of its policy risks with other insurance companies. The use of indemnity reinsurance does not discharge an insurer from liability on the insurance ceded. The insurer is required to pay in full the amount of its insurance liability regardless of whether it is entitled to or able to receive payment from the reinsurer. The portion of risks exceeding F&G's retention limit is reinsured. F&G primarily seeks reinsurance coverage in order to manage loss exposures, to enhance our capital position, to diversify risks and earnings, and to manage new business volume. F&G follows reinsurance accounting when the treaty adequately transfers insurance risk and any acquisition cost reimbursements reduce policy acquisition costs deferred and maintenance expense reimbursements reduce direct expenses incurred. Otherwise, F&G follows deposit accounting if there is inadequate transfer of insurance risk or if the underlying policy for which risk is being transferred is an investment contract that does not contain insurance risk. See Note E - Reinsurance to the unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements included in Part I, Item 1 of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for additional information.
Non-GAAP Financial Measures
In addition to reporting financial results in accordance with GAAP, this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q includes non-GAAP financial measures, which the Company believes are useful to help investors better understand its financial performance, competitive position and prospects for the future. Management believes these non-GAAP financial measures may be useful in certain instances to provide additional meaningful comparisons between current results and results in prior operating periods. Our non-GAAP measures may not be comparable to similarly titled measures of other organizations because other organizations may not calculate such non-GAAP measures in the same manner as we do. The presentation of this financial information is not intended to be considered in isolation of or as a substitute for, or superior to, the financial information prepared and presented in accordance with GAAP. By disclosing these non-GAAP financial measures, the Company believes it offers investors a greater understanding of, and an enhanced level of transparency into, the means by which the Company’s management operates the Company. Any non-GAAP measures should be considered in context with the GAAP financial presentation and should not be considered in isolation or as a substitute for GAAP net earnings, net earnings attributable to common shareholders, or any other measures derived in accordance with GAAP as measures of operating performance or liquidity. Reconciliations of these non-GAAP financial measures to the most directly comparable GAAP measures are provided within this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.
Adjusted Net Earnings Attributable to Common Shareholders
Adjusted net earnings attributable to common shareholders is a non-GAAP economic measure we use to evaluate financial performance each period. Adjusted net earnings attributable to common shareholders is calculated by adjusting net earnings (loss) attributable to common shareholders to eliminate:
(i) Recognized (gains) and losses, net: the impact of net investment gains/losses, including changes in allowance for expected credit losses and other than temporary impairment (“OTTI”) losses, recognized in operations; and the effects of changes in fair value of the reinsurance related embedded derivative and other derivatives, including interest rate swaps and forwards;
(ii) Market related liability adjustments: the impacts related to changes in the fair value, including both realized and unrealized gains and losses, of index product related derivatives and embedded derivatives, net of
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hedging cost; the impact of initial pension risk transfer deferred profit liability losses, including amortization from previously deferred pension risk transfer deferred profit liability losses; and the changes in the fair value of market risk benefits by deferring current period changes and amortizing that amount over the life of the market risk benefit;
(iii) Purchase price amortization: the impacts related to the amortization of certain intangibles (internally developed software, trademarks and value of distribution asset and the change in fair value of liabilities recognized as a result of acquisition activities);
(iv) Transaction costs: the impacts related to acquisition, integration and merger related items;
(v) Other and “non-recurring,” “infrequent” or “unusual items”: Other adjustments include removing any charges associated with U.S. guaranty fund assessments as these charges neither relate to the ordinary course of the Company’s business nor reflect the Company’s underlying business performance, but result from external situations not controlled by the Company. Further, Management excludes certain items determined to be “non-recurring,” “infrequent” or “unusual” from adjusted net earnings when incurred if it is determined these expenses are not a reflection of the core business and when the nature of the item is such that it is not reasonably likely to recur within two years and/or there was not a similar item in the preceding two years;
(vi) Non-controlling interest on non-GAAP adjustments: the portion of the non-GAAP adjustments attributable to the equity interest of entities that F&G does not wholly own; and
(vii) Income taxes: the income tax impact related to the above-mentioned adjustments is measured using an effective tax rate, as appropriate by tax jurisdiction.
While these adjustments are an integral part of the overall performance of F&G, market conditions and/or the non-operating nature of these items can overshadow the underlying performance of the core business. Accordingly, management considers this to be a useful measure internally and to investors and analysts in analyzing the trends of our operations. Adjusted net earnings should not be used as a substitute for net earnings (loss). However, we believe the adjustments made to net earnings (loss) in order to derive adjusted net earnings provide an understanding of our overall results of operations.
For example, we could have strong operating results in a given period, yet report net income that is materially less, if during such period the fair value of our derivative assets hedging the indexed annuity and IUL index credit obligations decreased due to general equity market conditions but the embedded derivative liability related to the index credit obligation did not decrease in the same proportion as the derivative assets because of non-equity market factors such as interest rate and non-performance credit spread movements. Similarly, we could also have poor operating results in a given period yet show net earnings (loss) that is materially greater, if during such period the fair value of the derivative assets increased but the embedded derivative liability did not increase in the same proportion as the derivative assets. We hedge our index credits with a combination of static and dynamic strategies, which can result in earnings volatility, the effects of which are generally likely to reverse over time. Our management and board of directors review adjusted net earnings and net earnings (loss) as part of their examination of our overall financial results. However, these examples illustrate the significant impact derivative and embedded derivative movements can have on our net earnings (loss). Accordingly, our management performs a review and analysis of these items, as part of their review of our hedging results each period.
Amounts attributable to the fair value accounting for derivatives hedging the indexed annuities and IUL index credits and the related embedded derivative liability fluctuate from period to period based upon changes in the derivative’s underlying index, changes in the interest rates and non-performance credit spreads used to discount the embedded derivative liability, and the fair value assumptions reflected in the embedded derivative liability. The accounting standards for fair value measurement require the discount rates used in the calculation of the embedded derivative liability to be based on risk-free interest rates adjusted for our non-performance as of the reporting date. The impact of the change in fair values of these derivatives and hedging costs has been removed from net earnings (loss) in calculating adjusted net earnings.
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Assets Under Management (“AUM”)
AUM is comprised of the following components and is reported net of reinsurance assets ceded in accordance with GAAP:
(i) total invested assets at amortized cost, excluding investments in unconsolidated affiliates, owned distribution and derivatives;
(ii) investments in unconsolidated affiliates at carrying value;
(iii) related party loans and investments;
(iv) accrued investment income;
(v) the net payable/receivable for the purchase/sale of investments; and
(vi) cash and cash equivalents excluding derivative collateral at the end of the period.
Management considers this non-GAAP financial measure to be useful internally and to investors and analysts when assessing the size of our investment portfolio that is retained.
Average Assets Under Management (“AAUM”)
AAUM is calculated as AUM at the beginning of the period and the end of each month in the period, divided by the total number of months in the period plus one.
Management considers this non-GAAP financial measure to be useful internally and to investors and analysts when assessing the rate of return on retained assets.
Sales
Annuity, IUL, funding agreement and non-life contingent PRT sales are not derived from any specific GAAP income statement accounts or line items and should not be viewed as a substitute for any financial measure determined in accordance with GAAP. Sales from these products are recorded as deposit liabilities (i.e., contractholder funds) within the Company's consolidated financial statements in accordance with GAAP. Life contingent PRT sales are recorded as premiums in revenues within the consolidated financial statements. Management believes that presentation of sales, as measured for management purposes, enhances the understanding of our business and helps depict longer term trends that may not be apparent in the results of operations due to the timing of sales and revenue recognition.
Yield on AAUM
Yield on AAUM is calculated by dividing annualized GAAP net investment income by AAUM. Management considers this non-GAAP financial measure to be useful internally and to investors and analysts when assessing the level of return earned on AAUM.
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Results of Operations
The results of operations for the three months ended March 31, 2025 and March 31, 2024 were as follows (in millions):
| Three months ended March 31, | |||||||||||
| 2025 | 2024 | ||||||||||
| Revenues | |||||||||||
| Life insurance premiums and other fees | $ | 489 | $ | 718 | |||||||
| Interest and investment income | 666 | 616 | |||||||||
| Owned distribution revenues | 16 | 23 | |||||||||
| Recognized gains and (losses), net | (263) | 212 | |||||||||
| Total revenues | 908 | 1,569 | |||||||||
| Benefits and expenses | |||||||||||
| Benefits and other changes in policy reserves | 524 | 1,161 | |||||||||
| Market risk benefit (gains) losses | 109 | (11) | |||||||||
| Depreciation and amortization | 153 | 123 | |||||||||
| Personnel costs | 67 | 66 | |||||||||
| Other operating expenses | 41 | 58 | |||||||||
| Interest expense | 40 | 30 | |||||||||
| Total benefits and expenses | 934 | 1,427 | |||||||||
| Earnings (loss) before income taxes | (26) | 142 | |||||||||
| Income tax expense (benefit) | (5) | 26 | |||||||||
| Net earnings (loss) | (21) | 116 | |||||||||
| Less: Non-controlling interests | — | 1 | |||||||||
| Net earnings (loss) attributable to F&G | (21) | 115 | |||||||||
| Less: Preferred stock dividend | 4 | 4 | |||||||||
| Net earnings (loss) attributable to F&G common shareholders | $ | (25) | $ | 111 | |||||||
The following table summarizes sales by product type (in millions) (see “Non-GAAP Financial Measures”):
| Three months ended March 31, | |||||||||||
| 2025 | 2024 | ||||||||||
| Indexed annuities ("FIA/RILA") | $ | 1,461 | $ | 1,437 | |||||||
| Fixed rate annuities ("MYGA") | 562 | 1,327 | |||||||||
| Total annuity | 2,023 | 2,764 | |||||||||
| IUL | 43 | 42 | |||||||||
| Funding agreements ("FABN/FHLB") | 525 | 105 | |||||||||
| PRT | 311 | 584 | |||||||||
| Gross sales | 2,902 | 3,495 | |||||||||
| Sales attributable to flow reinsurance to third parties | (721) | (1,193) | |||||||||
| Net sales | $ | 2,181 | $ | 2,302 | |||||||
•Indexed annuity sales were slightly higher for the three months ended March 31, 2025, compared to the three months ended March 31, 2024, and MYGA sales were lower for the three months ended March 31, 2025, compared to the three months ended March 31, 2024. These changes reflect F&G's decision to allocate capital to indexed annuity sales given the ongoing favorable economic conditions and strong demand for retirement savings products, resulting in a reduction in MYGA sales.
•Funding agreements, reflecting new FABN and FHLB agreements, were higher for the three months ended March 31, 2025 compared to the three months ended March 31, 2024, and are subject to fluctuation period to period based on economic conditions and the timing of entering the new agreements.
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•PRT sales decreased for the three months ended March 31, 2025 compared to the three months ended March 31, 2024, reflecting the timing of PRT transactions that are also subject to fluctuation period to period. During the three months ended March 31, 2025, we closed two pension risk transfer transactions.
•Sales attributable to flow reinsurance to third parties were lower during the three months ended March 31, 2025 compared to the three months ended March 31, 2024, primarily reflecting the lower level of MYGA sales partially offset by the addition of new reinsurance that was effective July 1, 2024.
Revenues
Life Insurance Premiums and Other Fees
Life insurance premiums and other fees primarily reflect premiums on life-contingent PRTs and traditional life insurance products, which are recognized as revenue when due from the policyholder, as well as policy rider fees primarily on indexed annuity policies, the cost of insurance on IUL policies and surrender charges assessed against policy withdrawals in excess of the policyholder's allowable penalty-free amounts (up to 10% of the prior year's value, subject to certain limitations). The following table summarizes the Life insurance premiums and other fees, on the unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations, for the three months ended March 31, 2025 and March 31, 2024 (in millions):
| Three months ended March 31, | |||||||||||
| 2025 | 2024 | ||||||||||
| Life-contingent pension risk transfer premiums | $ | 311 | $ | 584 | |||||||
| Traditional life insurance and life-contingent immediate annuity premiums | 10 | 12 | |||||||||
| Surrender charges | 57 | 43 | |||||||||
| Policyholder fees and other income | 111 | 79 | |||||||||
Life insurance premiums and other fees | $ | 489 | $ | 718 | |||||||
•Life-contingent pension risk transfer premiums decreased for the three months ended March 31, 2025 compared to the three months ended March 31, 2024, reflecting the timing of PRT transactions. As noted above, PRT premiums are subject to fluctuation period to period.
•Surrender charges increased for the three months ended March 31, 2025 compared to the three months ended March 31, 2024, primarily reflecting increases in withdrawals from policyholders with surrender charges and market value adjustments (“MVAs”), primarily on our indexed annuities policies. The increase in termination activity is primarily due to the higher interest rate environment.
•Policyholder fees and other income increased for the three months ended March 31, 2025, compared to the three months ended March 31, 2024, primarily reflecting a reinsurance true-up adjustment, increased cost of insurance charges, net of changes in unearned revenue liabilities (“URL”) on IUL policies from growth in business and higher guaranteed minimum withdrawal benefit (“GMWB”) rider fees. GMWB rider fees are based on the policyholder's benefit base and are collected at the end of the policy year.
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Interest and Investment Income
Below is a summary of interest and investment income (in millions):
| Three months ended March 31, | |||||||||||
| 2025 | 2024 | ||||||||||
| Fixed maturity securities, available-for-sale | $ | 549 | $ | 516 | |||||||
| Equity securities | 5 | 6 | |||||||||
| Preferred securities | 3 | 6 | |||||||||
| Mortgage loans | 82 | 66 | |||||||||
| Invested cash and short-term investments | 34 | 28 | |||||||||
| Limited partnerships | 54 | 54 | |||||||||
| Other investments | 2 | 10 | |||||||||
| Gross investment income | 729 | 686 | |||||||||
| Investment expense | (63) | (70) | |||||||||
| Interest and investment income | $ | 666 | $ | 616 | |||||||
Interest and investment income is shown net of amounts attributable to certain funds withheld reinsurance agreements which is passed along to the reinsurer in accordance with the terms of these agreements. Interest and investment income attributable to these agreements, and thus excluded from the totals in the table above, was $184 million and $127 million for the three months ended March 31, 2025 and March 31, 2024, respectively.
Our AAUM and yield on AAUM are summarized as follows (annualized) (dollars in millions) (see “Non-GAAP Financial Measures”):
| Three months ended March 31, | |||||||||||
| 2025 | 2024 | ||||||||||
| Annualized interest and investment income | $ | 2,664 | $ | 2,464 | |||||||
| AAUM | $ | 53,877 | $ | 49,400 | |||||||
| Yield on AAUM (at amortized cost) | 4.94 | % | 4.99 | % | |||||||
•AAUM was higher for the three months ended March 31, 2025, compared to the three months ended March 31, 2024, reflecting net new business asset flows, stable inforce retention and net capital transaction proceeds.
•Interest and investment income was higher for the three months ended March 31, 2025 compared to the three months ended March 31, 2024, primarily due to $56 million from invested asset growth and $1 million of all other rate and mix impacts, partially offset by $7 million of lower returns on alternative investments.
Owned Distribution Revenues
Below is a summary of owned distribution revenues (in millions):
| Three months ended March 31, | |||||||||||
| 2025 | 2024 | ||||||||||
| Owned distribution revenues | $ | 16 | $ | 23 | |||||||
•Owned distribution revenues represent commissions received by our majority owned distribution partners generated from third-party annuity and life insurance sales. Override and bonus commissions are recognized as revenue at the effective date of each policy sold under a contract. Owned distribution revenues were lower for the three months ended March 31, 2025 compared to the three months ended March 31, 2024, primarily reflecting lower commission revenues.
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Recognized Gains and (Losses), Net
Below is a summary of the major components included in recognized gains and (losses), net (in millions):
| Three months ended March 31, | |||||||||||
| 2025 | 2024 | ||||||||||
| Net realized and unrealized gains (losses) on fixed maturity available-for-sale securities, equity securities and other invested assets | $ | (16) | $ | 48 | |||||||
| Change in allowance for expected credit losses | (22) | — | |||||||||
| Net realized and unrealized gains (losses) on certain derivatives instruments | (184) | 179 | |||||||||
| Change in fair value of reinsurance related embedded derivatives | (41) | (18) | |||||||||
| Change in fair value of other derivatives and embedded derivatives | — | 3 | |||||||||
| Recognized gains and (losses), net | $ | (263) | $ | 212 | |||||||
Recognized gains and (losses), net is shown net of amounts attributable to certain funds withheld reinsurance agreements which is passed along to the reinsurer in accordance with the terms of these agreements. Recognized gains and (losses) attributable to these agreements, and thus excluded from the totals in the table above, was $(42) million for the three month period ended March 31, 2025, and $(19) million for the three month period ended March 31, 2024, respectively.
•For the three months ended March 31, 2025, net realized and unrealized gains (losses) on fixed maturity available-for-sale securities, equity securities and other invested assets is primarily the result of mark-to-market losses on our equity securities.
•For the three months ended March 31, 2024, net realized and unrealized gains (losses) on fixed maturity available-for-sale securities, equity securities and other invested assets is primarily the result of unrealized fair value option (“FVO”) gains on owned distribution investments and preferred securities, partially offset by realized losses on fixed maturity available-for-sale securities and mark-to-market losses on our equity securities.
•The change in allowance for expected credit losses primarily relates to available for sale securities.
•For all periods, net realized and unrealized gains (losses) on certain derivative instruments primarily relate to the net realized and unrealized gains (losses) on equity options and futures used to hedge indexed annuity and IUL products, including gains on option and futures expiration and changes in the fair value of interest rate swaps. See the table below for primary drivers of gains (losses) on certain derivatives.
•The fair value of reinsurance related embedded derivative is based on the change in fair value of the underlying assets held in the funds withheld (“FWH”) portfolio.
We utilize a combination of static (equity options) and dynamic (long futures contracts) instruments in our product hedging strategy. Equity options and futures contracts are generally based upon the performance of various equity indices, such as the S&P 500 Index, as well as other bond and gold market indices.
We utilize interest rate swaps to reduce market risks from interest rate changes on our earnings associated with our floating rate investments.
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The components of the realized and unrealized gains (losses) on certain derivative instruments hedging our indexed annuities, universal life products and floating rate investments are summarized in the table below (dollars in millions):
| Three months ended March 31, | |||||||||||
| 2025 | 2024 | ||||||||||
| Equity options: | |||||||||||
| Realized gains (losses) | $ | (20) | $ | 11 | |||||||
| Change in unrealized (losses) gains | (214) | 239 | |||||||||
| Futures contracts: | |||||||||||
| Gains (losses) on futures contracts expiration | (1) | 7 | |||||||||
| Change in unrealized (losses) gains | 6 | (1) | |||||||||
| Interest rate swap (losses) gains | 49 | (80) | |||||||||
| Other derivative investments | |||||||||||
| Gains (losses) on other derivative investments | (4) | 3 | |||||||||
| Total net change in fair value | $ | (184) | $ | 179 | |||||||
| Annual Point-to-Point Change in S&P 500 Index during the periods | 6 | % | 28 | % | |||||||
| Secured Overnight Financing Rates | 4.41 | % | 5.34 | % | |||||||
•Realized gains and (losses) on certain derivative instruments are directly correlated to the performance of the indices upon which the equity options and futures contracts are based and the value of the derivatives at the time of expiration compared to the value at the time of purchase.
•The changes in unrealized gains (losses) due to the net changes in fair value of equity options and futures contracts are driven by the underlying performance of the indices, such as the S&P 500 Index, upon which the equity options and futures contracts are based during each respective period relative to the respective indices on the policyholder buy dates.
•The net change in fair value of the interest rate swaps was primarily driven by fluctuations in the interest rate index underlying the swap contracts.
The average index credits to policyholders are as follows:
| Three months ended March 31, | |||||||||||
| 2025 | 2024 | ||||||||||
| Average Crediting Rate | 5 | % | 3 | % | |||||||
| S&P 500 Index: | |||||||||||
| Point-to-point strategy | 5 | % | 3 | % | |||||||
| Monthly average strategy | 4 | % | 3 | % | |||||||
| Monthly point-to-point strategy | 4 | % | 3 | % | |||||||
| 3 year high water mark | 2 | % | 5 | % | |||||||
•Actual amounts credited to contractholder fund balances may differ from the index appreciation due to contractual features in the indexed annuity contracts and certain IUL contracts (caps, spreads and participation rates), which allow us to manage the cost of the options purchased to fund the annual index credits.
•The credits for the periods presented were based on comparing the S&P 500 Index on each issue date in the period to the same issue date in the respective prior year periods.
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Benefits and Expenses
Benefits and Other Changes in Policy Reserves
Below is a summary of the major components included in Benefits and other changes in policy reserves (in millions):
| Three months ended March 31, | |||||||||||
| 2025 | 2024 | ||||||||||
| PRT agreements | $ | 314 | $ | 598 | |||||||
| Indexed annuities/IUL market related liability movements | (240) | 225 | |||||||||
| Index credits, interest credited and bonuses | 438 | 327 | |||||||||
| Other changes in policy reserves | 12 | 11 | |||||||||
| Benefits and other changes in policy reserves | $ | 524 | $ | 1,161 | |||||||
•PRT agreements, primarily representing the change in reserves associated with PRT premiums during the periods, decreased for the three months ended March 31, 2025 compared to the three months ended March 31, 2024, reflecting the timing of PRT transactions. PRT transactions are subject to fluctuation period to period.
•The indexed annuities/IUL market related liability movements during the three months ended March 31, 2025 and March 31, 2024, respectively, are mainly driven by changes in the equity markets, non-performance spreads, and risk free rates during the respective periods. The change in risk free rates and non-performance spreads increased (decreased) the direct indexed annuities market related liability by $47 million and $(84) million during the three months ended March 31, 2025 and March 31, 2024, respectively. The remaining changes in market value of the market related liability movements for all periods were primarily driven by equity market impacts. See “Revenues — Recognized gains and (losses), net” above for summary and discussion of net unrealized gains (losses) on certain derivative instruments.
•Annually, typically in the third quarter, we review assumptions associated with reserves for policy benefits and product guarantees.
◦During the three months ended March 31, 2025, based on experience, we reflected updates to the option budget assumption used to calculate the fair value of the embedded derivative component within contractholder funds. These changes resulted in decreases in total benefits and other changes in policy reserves of approximately $21 million for the three months ended March 31, 2025.
◦During the three months ended March 31, 2024, based on increases in interest rates and pricing changes, we updated certain indexed annuity assumptions used to calculate the fair value of the embedded derivative component within contractholder funds. These changes resulted in an increase in total benefits and other changes in policy reserves of $57 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024.
•Index credits, interest credited and bonuses for the three months ended March 31, 2025, were higher compared to the three months ended March 31, 2024, primarily reflecting higher index credits and interest credited on indexed annuities and other policies as a result of market movement during the respective periods and higher interest credited associated with the growth in PRT agreements.
Market Risk Benefit (Gains) Losses
Below is a summary of market risk benefit (gains) losses (in millions):
| Three months ended March 31, | |||||||||||
| 2025 | 2024 | ||||||||||
| Market risk benefit (gains) losses | $ | 109 | $ | (11) | |||||||
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•Market risk benefit (gains) losses is primarily driven by issuances, attributed fees collected, effects of market related movements (including changes in equity markets and risk-free rates), actual policyholder behavior as compared with expected changes in assumptions during the periods. Market risk benefit (gains) losses are reported net of reinsurance, reflecting an amended reinsurance agreement effective July 1, 2024.
•Changes in market risk benefit (gains) losses for the three months ended March 31, 2025, compared to the three months ended March 31, 2024, primarily reflect unfavorable market related movements and unfavorable actual policyholder behavior as compared to expected.
Depreciation and Amortization
Below is a summary of the major components included in depreciation and amortization (in millions):
| Three months ended March 31, | |||||||||||
| 2025 | 2024 | ||||||||||
| Amortization of DAC, VOBA and DSI | $ | 134 | $ | 107 | |||||||
| Amortization of other intangible assets and fixed asset depreciation | 19 | 16 | |||||||||
| Depreciation and amortization | $ | 153 | $ | 123 | |||||||
•DAC, VOBA and DSI are amortized on a constant level basis for the grouped contracts over the expected term of the related contracts to approximate straight-line amortization. Amortization of DAC, VOBA and DSI increased for the three months ended March 31, 2025, compared to the three months ended March 31, 2024, primarily reflecting increased DAC and DSI associated with the growth of the business. In addition, as a result of our annual actuarial assumption update process during the three months ended September 30, 2024, amortization rates on some DAC and DSI balances increased primarily for indexed annuities.
Personnel Costs and Other Operating Expenses
Below is a summary of personnel costs and other operating expenses (in millions):
| Three months ended March 31, | |||||||||||
| 2025 | 2024 | ||||||||||
| Personnel costs | $ | 67 | $ | 66 | |||||||
| Other operating expenses | 41 | 58 | |||||||||
| Total personnel costs and other operating expenses | $ | 108 | $ | 124 | |||||||
•Personnel costs and other operating expenses for the three months ended March 31, 2025 were lower compared to the three months ended March 31, 2024, primarily reflecting disciplined expense management, costs in line with sales volumes and growth in assets, along with continued investments in our operating platform.
Interest expense
Below is a summary of interest expense (in millions):
| Three months ended March 31, | |||||||||||
| 2025 | 2024 | ||||||||||
| Interest expense | $ | 40 | $ | 30 | |||||||
•Interest expense increased for the three months ended March 31, 2025, as compared to the three months ended March 31, 2024, primarily reflecting interest on the debt issuances in 2024 and January 2025, partially offset by the payoff of the 5.50% Senior Notes due May 1, 2025 (the “5.50% F&G Senior Notes”) in February 2025, and the payoff of the revolving credit facility in 2024.
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Other Items Affecting Net Earnings
Income Tax Expense (Benefit)
Below is a summary of the major components included in income tax expense (benefit) (dollars in millions):
| Three months ended March 31, | |||||||||||
| 2025 | 2024 | ||||||||||
| Earnings (loss) before taxes | $ | (26) | $ | 142 | |||||||
| Income tax (benefit) expense before valuation allowance | (7) | 25 | |||||||||
| Change in valuation allowance | 2 | 1 | |||||||||
| Income tax (benefit) expense | $ | (5) | $ | 26 | |||||||
| Effective rate | 19 | % | 18 | % | |||||||
•Income tax benefit for the three months ended March 31, 2025 was $5 million, compared to income tax expense of $26 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024. The effective tax rate was 19% and 18% for the three months ended March 31, 2025 and March 31, 2024, respectively. The decrease in income tax expense period over period is primarily related to the decrease in pre-tax income.
Adjusted Net Earnings (See “—Non-GAAP Financial Measures”)
The table below shows the adjustments made to reconcile Net earnings (loss) attributable to common shareholders to Adjusted net earnings attributable to common shareholders (in millions):
| Three months ended March 31, | |||||||||||
| 2025 | 2024 | ||||||||||
| Net earnings (loss) attributable to common shareholders | $ | (25) | $ | 111 | |||||||
| Non-GAAP adjustments: | |||||||||||
| Recognized (gains) and losses, net | |||||||||||
| Net realized and unrealized (gains) losses on fixed maturity available-for-sale securities, equity securities and other invested assets | 15 | (48) | |||||||||
| Change in allowance for expected credit losses | 22 | 1 | |||||||||
| Change in fair value of reinsurance related embedded derivatives | 41 | 18 | |||||||||
| Change in fair value of other derivatives and embedded derivatives | (49) | 61 | |||||||||
| Recognized (gains) losses, net | 29 | 32 | |||||||||
| Market related liability adjustments | 103 | (55) | |||||||||
| Purchase price amortization | 15 | 22 | |||||||||
| Transaction costs, other and non-recurring items | 1 | — | |||||||||
| Non-controlling interest | (2) | (3) | |||||||||
| Income taxes adjustment | (30) | 1 | |||||||||
| Adjusted net earnings attributable to common shareholders | $ | 91 | $ | 108 | |||||||
The commentary below is intended to provide additional information on the significant income and expense items that help explain the trends in our adjusted net earnings for each time period, as we believe these items provide further clarity to the financial performance of the business.
•Adjusted net earnings of $91 million for the three months ended March 31, 2025 included income from a $16 million reinsurance true-up adjustment. Investment income from alternative investments was $63 million below management’s long-term expected return of approximately 10%.
•Adjusted net earnings of $108 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024 included $2 million of other income items. Investment income from alternative investments was $52 million below management’s long-term expected return of approximately 10%.
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Investment Portfolio
The types of assets in which we may invest are influenced by various state laws, which prescribe qualified investment assets applicable to insurance companies. Within the parameters of these laws, we invest in assets giving consideration to four primary investment objectives: (i) maintain robust absolute returns; (ii) provide reliable yield and investment income; (iii) preserve capital; and (iv) provide liquidity to meet policyholder and other corporate obligations.
Our investment portfolio is designed to contribute stable earnings, excluding short term mark to market effects, and balance risk across diverse asset classes and is primarily invested in high quality fixed income securities.
As of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, the fair value of our investment portfolio was approximately $60 billion and was divided among the following asset classes and sectors (dollars in millions):
(a)Balances at March 31, 2025, reflect classifications consistent with the NAIC Principles Based Bond Definition Project effective January 1, 2025.
(b)Includes investment grade non-redeemable preferred stocks ($203 million and $222 million at March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively).
Insurance statutes regulate the type of investments that our life insurance subsidiaries are permitted to make and limit the amount of funds that may be used for any one type of investment. In light of these statutes and regulations, and our business and investment strategy, we generally seek to invest in primarily high-grade fixed-income assets across a wide range of sectors, including Corporate securities, U.S. Government and government-sponsored agency securities, and Structured securities, among others.
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The NAIC’s Securities Valuation Office (“SVO”) is responsible for the day-to-day credit quality assessment and valuation of securities owned by state regulated insurance companies. Insurance companies report ownership of securities to the SVO when such securities are eligible for regulatory filings. The SVO conducts credit analysis on these securities for the purpose of assigning a NAIC designation or unit price. Typically, if a security has been rated by a nationally recognized statistical rating organization (“NRSRO”), the SVO utilizes that rating and assigns a NAIC designation based upon the NAIC published comparison of NRSRO ratings to NAIC designations.
The NAIC determines ratings for non-agency residential mortgage-backed securities (“RMBS”) and commercial mortgage-backed securities using modeling that estimates security level expected losses under a variety of economic scenarios. For such assets issued prior to January 1, 2013, an insurer’s amortized cost basis in applicable assets can impact the assigned rating. In the tables below, we present the rating of structured securities based on ratings from the NAIC rating methodologies described above (which in some cases do not correspond to rating agency designations). All NAIC designations (e.g., NAIC 1-6) are based on the NAIC methodologies.
The following table summarizes the credit quality by NRSRO rating, or NAIC designation equivalent, of our fixed income portfolio (dollars in millions) at March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024:
| March 31, 2025 | December 31, 2024 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| NRSRO Rating | NAIC Designation | Amortized Cost | Fair Value | Fair Value Percent | Amortized Cost | Fair Value | Fair Value Percent | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| AAA/AA/A | 1 | $ | 32,410 | $ | 30,526 | 64 | % | $ | 31,258 | $ | 29,174 | 63 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| BBB | 2 | 16,376 | 15,312 | 32 | 16,254 | 15,082 | 33 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| BB | 3 | 1,570 | 1,516 | 3 | 1,591 | 1,538 | 3 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| B | 4 | 415 | 388 | 1 | 375 | 353 | 1 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| CCC | 5 | 98 | 62 | — | 100 | 68 | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| CC and lower | 6 | 157 | 105 | — | 151 | 102 | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Total | $ | 51,026 | $ | 47,909 | 100 | % | $ | 49,729 | $ | 46,317 | 100 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Investment Concentrations
The tables below present the top ten structured security and industry categories of our fixed maturity and equity securities including the fair value and percent of total fixed maturity and equity securities fair value as of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024 (dollars in millions).
| March 31, 2025 | |||||||||||
| Top 10 Concentrations | Fair Value | Percent of Total Fair Value | |||||||||
| CLO | $ | 9,272 | 19 | % | |||||||
| ABS other | 6,990 | 14 | |||||||||
| Commercial mortgage-backed securities | 5,091 | 11 | |||||||||
| Diversified financial services | 4,255 | 9 | |||||||||
| Whole loan collateralized mortgage obligation | 2,616 | 5 | |||||||||
| Banking | 2,005 | 4 | |||||||||
| Insurance | 1,831 | 4 | |||||||||
| Municipal | 1,370 | 3 | |||||||||
| Electric | 1,274 | 3 | |||||||||
| Telecommunications | 815 | 2 | |||||||||
Total | $ | 35,519 | 74 | % | |||||||
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| December 31, 2024 | |||||||||||
| Top 10 Concentrations | Fair Value | Percent of Total Fair Value | |||||||||
| ABS other | $ | 10,270 | 22 | % | |||||||
| CLO | 5,379 | 11 | |||||||||
| Commercial mortgage-backed securities | 5,131 | 11 | |||||||||
| Diversified financial services | 4,271 | 9 | |||||||||
| Whole loan collateralized mortgage obligation | 2,635 | 6 | |||||||||
| Banking | 1,988 | 4 | |||||||||
| Insurance | 1,761 | 4 | |||||||||
| Municipal | 1,363 | 3 | |||||||||
| Electric | 1,229 | 3 | |||||||||
| Pharmaceuticals | 738 | 1 | |||||||||
| Total | $ | 34,765 | 74 | % | |||||||
The amortized cost and fair value of fixed maturity available-for-sale (“AFS”) securities by contractual maturities as of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024 (dollars in millions), are shown below. Actual maturities may differ from contractual maturities because issuers may have the right to call or prepay obligations.
| March 31, 2025 | |||||||||||
| Amortized Cost | Fair Value | ||||||||||
| Corporate, Non-structured Hybrids, Municipal, Foreign and U.S. Government securities: | |||||||||||
| Due in one year or less | $ | 603 | $ | 603 | |||||||
| Due after one year through five years | 4,117 | 4,103 | |||||||||
| Due after five years through ten years | 5,124 | 5,011 | |||||||||
| Due after ten years | 16,713 | 14,098 | |||||||||
| Subtotal | 26,557 | 23,815 | |||||||||
| Other securities, which provide for periodic payments: | |||||||||||
| Asset-backed securities | 16,429 | 16,262 | |||||||||
| Commercial-mortgage-backed securities | 5,260 | 5,091 | |||||||||
| Residential mortgage-backed securities | 2,780 | 2,741 | |||||||||
| Subtotal | 24,469 | 24,094 | |||||||||
Total fixed maturity available-for-sale securities | $ | 51,026 | $ | 47,909 | |||||||
Non-Agency RMBS Exposure
Our investment in non-agency RMBS securities is predicated on the conservative and adequate cushion between purchase price and NAIC 1 rating, general lack of sensitivity to interest rates, positive convexity to prepayment rates and correlation between the price of the securities and the unfolding recovery of the housing market.
The fair value of our investments in subprime securities and Alt-A RMBS securities were $5 million and $44 million as of March 31, 2025, respectively, and $29 million and $44 million as of December 31, 2024, respectively. As of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, approximately 92% and 93%, respectively, of the subprime and Alt-A RMBS exposures were rated NAIC 2 or higher.
ABS and CLO Exposures
Our ABS exposures are largely diversified by underlying collateral and issuer type. Our CLO exposures are generally senior tranches of CLOs which have leveraged loans as their underlying collateral.
As of March 31, 2025, the CLO and ABS positions were trading at a net unrealized gain of $55 million and a net unrealized loss of $207 million, respectively. As of December 31, 2024, the CLO and ABS positions were trading at a net unrealized gain of $92 million and a net unrealized loss of $207 million, respectively.
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The following table summarizes the credit quality by NRSRO rating, or NAIC designation equivalent, of our AFS ABS portfolio (dollars in millions) at March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024. Balances at March 31, 2025 reflect classifications consistent with the NAIC Principles Based Bond Definition Project effective January 1, 2025.
The following table summarizes the credit quality by NRSRO rating, or NAIC designation equivalent, of our AFS CLO portfolio (dollars in millions) at March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024. Balances at March 31, 2025 reflect classifications consistent with the NAIC Principles Based Bond Definition Project effective January 1, 2025.
Municipal Bond Exposure
The following table summarizes our municipal bond exposure as of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024 (dollars in millions).
| March 31, 2025 | December 31, 2024 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Amortized Cost | Fair Value | Amortized Cost | Fair Value | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| General obligation bonds | $ | 245 | $ | 207 | $ | 247 | $ | 205 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Special revenue bonds | 1,330 | 1,149 | 1,329 | 1,128 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Certificate participations | 16 | 14 | 16 | 13 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total | $ | 1,591 | $ | 1,370 | $ | 1,592 | $ | 1,346 | ||||||||||||||||||
Across all municipal bonds, the largest issuer represented 5% of the category and less than 1% of the total portfolio for both March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, and is rated NAIC 1 as of March 31, 2025. Our focus within municipal bonds is on NAIC 1 rated instruments, with 98% and 97% of our municipal bond exposure rated NAIC 1 as of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively.
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Mortgage Loans
Commercial Mortgage Loans
We diversify our commercial mortgage loans (“CMLs”) portfolio by geographic region and property type to attempt to reduce concentration risk. We continuously evaluate CMLs based on relevant current information to ensure properties are performing at a level to secure the related debt. Loan-to-value (“LTV”) and debt-service coverage (“DSC”) ratios are utilized to assess the risk and quality of CMLs. As of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, our mortgage loans on real estate portfolio had a weighted average DSC ratio of 2.3 times, and a weighted average LTV ratio of 56% and 57%, respectively.
We consider a CML delinquent when a loan payment is greater than 30 days past due. For mortgage loans that are determined to require foreclosure, the carrying value is reduced to the fair value of the underlying collateral, net of estimated costs to obtain and sell at the point of foreclosure. As of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, we had one CML that was delinquent in principal or interest payments. We had no CMLs in the process of foreclosure as of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024. See Note C - Investments to the unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements included in this report for additional information on our CMLs, including our distribution by property type, geographic region, LTV and DSC ratios.
Residential Mortgage Loans
Our residential mortgage loans (“RMLs”) are closed end, amortizing loans, and 100% of the properties are in the United States. We diversify our RML portfolio by state to attempt to reduce concentration risk. RMLs have a primary credit quality indicator of either a performing or non-performing loan. We define non-performing RMLs as those that are 90 or more days past due and/or in non-accrual status.
Loans are placed on non-accrual status when they are over 90 days delinquent. If a loan becomes over 90 days delinquent, it is our general policy to initiate foreclosure proceedings unless a workout arrangement to bring the loan current can be put in place. See Note C — Investments to the unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements included in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for additional information on our RMLs.
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Unrealized Losses
The amortized cost and fair value of the fixed maturity securities and the equity securities that were in an unrealized loss position as of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, were as follows (dollars in millions):
| March 31, 2025 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Number of Securities | Amortized Cost | Allowance for Expected Credit Losses | Unrealized Losses | Fair Value | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fixed maturity securities, available for sale: | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| United States Government full faith and credit | 10 | $ | 17 | $ | — | $ | (1) | $ | 16 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| United States Government sponsored agencies | 51 | 24 | — | (2) | 22 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| United States municipalities, states and territories | 164 | 1,390 | — | (226) | 1,164 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Foreign Governments | 42 | 218 | — | (42) | 176 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Corporate securities: | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Finance, insurance and real estate | 705 | 6,056 | (14) | (640) | 5,402 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Manufacturing, construction and mining | 146 | 1,287 | — | (148) | 1,139 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Utilities, energy and related sectors | 443 | 2,821 | — | (513) | 2,308 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Wholesale/retail trade | 483 | 2,867 | — | (463) | 2,404 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Services, media and other | 591 | 4,322 | — | (827) | 3,495 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Hybrid securities | 35 | 435 | — | (28) | 407 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Non-agency residential mortgage-backed securities | 251 | 1,005 | (1) | (77) | 927 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Commercial mortgage-backed securities | 326 | 2,435 | (49) | (170) | 2,216 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Asset-backed securities | 726 | 8,352 | (13) | (326) | 8,013 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total fixed maturity available for sale securities | 3,973 | 31,229 | (77) | (3,463) | 27,689 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Equity securities | 25 | 305 | — | (82) | 223 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total investments | 3,998 | $ | 31,534 | $ | (77) | $ | (3,545) | $ | 27,912 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| December 31, 2024 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Number of Securities | Amortized Cost | Allowance for Expected Credit Losses | Unrealized Losses | Fair Value | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fixed maturity securities, available for sale: | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| United States Government full faith and credit | 29 | $ | 106 | $ | — | $ | (3) | $ | 103 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| United States Government sponsored agencies | 64 | 92 | — | (4) | 88 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| United States municipalities, states and territories | 176 | 1,476 | — | (249) | 1,227 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Foreign Governments | 43 | 224 | — | (45) | 179 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Corporate securities: | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Finance, insurance and real estate | 840 | 6,596 | — | (728) | 5,868 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Manufacturing, construction and mining | 156 | 1,173 | — | (161) | 1,012 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Utilities, energy and related sectors | 477 | 3,000 | — | (542) | 2,458 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Wholesale/retail trade | 523 | 3,111 | — | (497) | 2,614 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Services, media and other | 640 | 4,679 | — | (874) | 3,805 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Hybrid securities | 31 | 515 | — | (29) | 486 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Non-agency residential mortgage-backed securities | 314 | 1,370 | — | (101) | 1,269 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Commercial mortgage-backed securities | 344 | 2,552 | (41) | (200) | 2,311 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Asset-backed securities | 355 | 4,148 | (11) | (317) | 3,820 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total fixed maturity available for sale securities | 3,992 | 29,042 | (52) | (3,750) | 25,240 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Equity securities | 31 | 363 | — | (87) | 276 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total investments | 4,023 | $ | 29,405 | $ | (52) | $ | (3,837) | $ | 25,516 | ||||||||||||||||||||
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The gross unrealized loss position on the fixed maturity available-for-sale fixed and equity portfolio was $3,545 million and $3,837 million as of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively. Most components of the portfolio exhibited price appreciation caused primarily by lower treasury rates. The total amortized cost of all securities in an unrealized loss position was $31,534 million and $29,405 million as of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively. The average market value/book value of the investment category with the largest unrealized loss position was 81% for services, media and other for both March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024. In the aggregate, services, media and other represented 23% of the total unrealized loss position for both March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024.
The amortized cost and fair value of fixed maturity available for sale securities under watch list analysis and the number of months in a loss position with investment grade securities (NRSRO rating of BBB/Baa or higher) as of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, were as follows (dollars in millions):
| March 31, 2025 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Number of Securities | Amortized Cost | Fair Value | Allowance for Credit Loss | Gross Unrealized Losses | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Investment grade: | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Less than six months | 6 | $ | 18 | $ | 17 | $ | — | $ | (1) | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Six months or more and less than twelve months | 2 | 11 | 10 | — | (1) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Twelve months or greater | 95 | 1,236 | 811 | — | (425) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total investment grade | 103 | 1,265 | 838 | — | (427) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Below investment grade: | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Less than six months | — | — | — | — | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Six months or more and less than twelve months | — | — | — | — | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Twelve months or greater | 7 | 112 | 75 | (14) | (23) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total below investment grade | 7 | 112 | 75 | (14) | (23) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Total | 110 | $ | 1,377 | $ | 913 | $ | (14) | $ | (450) | ||||||||||||||||||||
| December 31, 2024 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Number of Securities | Amortized Cost | Fair Value | Allowance for Credit Loss | Gross Unrealized Losses | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Investment grade: | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Less than six months | 8 | $ | 54 | $ | 52 | $ | — | $ | (2) | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Six months or more and less than twelve months | — | — | — | — | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Twelve months or greater | 107 | 1,443 | 959 | — | (484) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total investment grade | 115 | 1,497 | 1,011 | — | (486) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Below investment grade: | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Less than six months | — | — | — | — | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Six months or more and less than twelve months | — | — | — | — | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Twelve months or greater | 5 | 82 | 51 | — | (31) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total below investment grade | 5 | 82 | 51 | — | (31) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total | 120 | $ | 1,579 | $ | 1,062 | $ | — | $ | (517) | ||||||||||||||||||||
Expected Credit Losses and Watch List
We prepare a watch list to identify securities to evaluate for expected credit losses. Factors used in preparing the watch list include fair values relative to amortized cost, ratings and negative ratings actions and other factors. Detailed analysis is performed for each security on the watch list to further assess the presence of credit impairment loss indicators and, where present, calculate an allowance for expected credit loss or direct write-down of a security’s amortized cost.
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The watch list excludes structured securities as we have separate processes to evaluate the credit quality on the structured securities.
There were 72 and 45 structured securities with a fair value of $241 million and $146 million to which we had potential credit exposure as of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively. Our analysis of these structured securities, which included cash flow testing, resulted in allowances for expected credit losses of $66 million and $62 million as of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively.
Exposure to Sovereign Debt and Certain Other Exposures
Our investment portfolio had an immaterial amount of direct exposure to European sovereign debt as of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively. We have no exposure to investments in Russia or Ukraine and de minimis investments in peripheral countries in the region.
Interest and Investment Income
For discussion regarding our interest and investment income and recognized gains and (losses), net, refer to Note C - Investments to the unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements included in Item 1 of Part I of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.
AFS Securities
For additional information regarding our AFS securities, including the amortized cost, gross unrealized gains (losses), and fair value as well as the amortized cost and fair value of fixed maturity AFS securities by contractual maturities, as of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, refer to Note C - Investments to the unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements included in Item 1 of Part I of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.
Concentrations of Financial Instruments
For certain information regarding our concentrations of financial instruments, refer to Note C - Investments to the unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements included in Item 1 of Part I of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.
Derivatives
We are exposed to credit loss in the event of non-performance by our counterparties on derivative instruments. We attempt to reduce this credit risk by purchasing such derivative instruments from large, well-established financial institutions.
We also hold cash and cash equivalents received from counterparties for derivative instrument collateral, as well as U.S. Government securities pledged as derivative instrument collateral, if our counterparty’s net exposures exceed pre-determined thresholds.
We are required to pay counterparties the effective federal funds rate each day for cash collateral posted to F&G for daily mark-to-market margin changes. We reduce the negative interest cost associated with cash collateral posted from counterparties under various ISDA agreements by reinvesting derivative cash collateral. This program permits collateral cash received to be invested in short term Treasury securities, bank deposits and commercial paper rated A1/P1, which are included in Cash and cash equivalents in the unaudited Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets.
See Note D - Derivative Financial Instruments to the unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements included in Item 1 of Part I of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for additional information regarding our derivatives and our exposure to credit loss on derivatives.
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Liquidity and Capital Resources
Liquidity refers to the ability of an enterprise to generate adequate amounts of cash from its normal operations to meet cash requirements with a prudent margin of safety. Our principal sources of cash flow from operating activities are annuity considerations, insurance premiums, and fees and investment income. We also generate cash inflows from investing activities resulting from maturities and sales of invested assets and from financing activities including inflows on our investment-type products, proceeds from borrowing activities and issuances of common and preferred stock. Our operating activities provided cash of $956 million and $1,534 million for the three months ended March 31, 2025 and March 31, 2024, respectively. When considering our liquidity and cash flow, it is important to distinguish between the needs of our insurance subsidiaries and the needs of the holding company, F&G Annuities & Life, Inc. As a holding company with no operations of its own, F&G Annuities & Life, Inc. derives its cash primarily from its insurance subsidiaries and CF Bermuda Holdings Ltd. (“CF Bermuda”), a Bermuda exempted limited liability company and a wholly owned direct subsidiary of the Company, a downstream holding company that provides additional sources of liquidity. Dividends from our insurance subsidiaries flow through CF Bermuda to F&G Annuities & Life, Inc. F&G Cayman Re, a licensed class D insurer in the Cayman Islands and a wholly owned direct subsidiary of the Company, could also provide dividends directly to F&G Annuities & Life, Inc.
The sources of liquidity of the holding company are principally comprised of dividends from subsidiaries, lines of credit (at the F&G Annuities & Life, Inc. level), existing surplus notes, investment income on holding company assets and the ability to raise long-term public financing under an SEC-filed registration statement or private placement offering. These sources of liquidity and cash flow support the general corporate needs of the holding company, interest and debt service, funding acquisitions and investment in core businesses.
On January 13, 2025, F&G completed its public offering of $375 million aggregate principal amount of its 7.300% Junior Subordinated Notes due 2065 (the “7.300% F&G Junior Notes”). The 7.300% F&G Junior Notes are guaranteed on an unsecured, subordinated basis and rank junior in right of payment to all of F&G’s Senior Indebtedness. F&G intends to use the net proceeds of this offering for general corporate purposes, including the repurchase, redemption or repayment at maturity of outstanding indebtedness.
On February 1, 2025, F&G redeemed the outstanding $300 million aggregate principal amount of its 5.50% F&G Senior Notes. The notes were redeemed for a redemption price equal to 100% of the principal amount of the notes plus accrued and unpaid interest to, but excluding, the redemption date.
On March 24, 2025, we completed a public offering of 8,000,000 shares of common stock, par value $0.001 per share. In connection with the offering, we entered into an underwriting agreement, pursuant to which we granted the underwriters of the offering a 30-day option to purchase up to an additional 1,200,000 shares of common stock. Pursuant to the underwriting agreement, the underwriters agreed to resell to FNF 4,500,000 shares of common stock at the same price per share paid by the underwriters, which was $33.60 per share. The underwriters option subsequently expired unexercised. We intend to use the net proceeds from the offering for general corporate purposes, including the support of organic growth opportunities.
Cash Requirements. Our current cash requirements include personnel costs, operating expenses, benefit payments, funding agreement payments, taxes, payments of interest and principal on our debt, capital expenditures, business acquisitions, stock repurchases and dividends on our common stock. During the first three months of 2025, we paid common and preferred dividends of approximately $30 million. During the first three months of 2024, we paid common dividends of approximately $26 million.
On May 7, 2025, our Board of Directors declared a quarterly cash dividend of $0.8594 per share on the FNF preferred stock for the period from April 15, 2025 to and excluding July 15, 2025, to be payable on July 15, 2025, to FNF preferred stock record holders on July 1, 2025. On May 7, 2025, our Board of Directors also declared a quarterly cash dividend of $0.22 per common share, payable on June 30, 2025, to F&G common shareholders of record as of June 16, 2025.
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There are no restrictions on our retained earnings regarding our ability to pay dividends to our shareholders, although there are limits on the ability of certain subsidiaries to pay dividends to us, as described below. Generally, no dividends will be declared or paid on F&G common stock and no common stock can be acquired by F&G unless all preferred dividends are declared and paid on the FNF preferred stock. The declaration of any future dividends is at the discretion of our Board of Directors.
There were no purchases of stock pursuant to our stock repurchase program during the three months ended March 31, 2025. At March 31, 2025, the total remaining authorization of F&G common stock that may be repurchased was approximately $32 million.
As of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, we had Cash and cash equivalents of $3,293 million and $2,264 million, respectively, short term investments of $549 million and $2,410 million, respectively. As of March 31, 2025 we had $750 million of remaining capacity under our revolving credit facility and $200 million of capacity under our revolving credit facility with FNF (the “FNF Credit Facility”). No amount was outstanding under the FNF Credit Facility as of March 31, 2025. Refer to Financing Arrangements below and Note L - Notes Payable of the unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements in Part I - Item 1 of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for further information regarding our borrowings.
Our two significant sources of internally generated funds are dividends and other payments from our subsidiaries. As a holding company, we receive cash from our subsidiaries in the form of dividends and as reimbursement for operating and other administrative expenses we incur. The reimbursements are paid within the guidelines of management agreements among us and our subsidiaries. As discussed below, our insurance subsidiaries are restricted by state regulation and other laws in their ability to pay dividends and make distributions.
The maximum dividend permitted by law is not necessarily indicative of an insurer’s actual ability to pay dividends, which may be constrained by business and regulatory considerations, such as the impact of dividends on surplus, which could affect an insurer’s ratings or competitive position, the amount of premiums that can be written and the ability to pay future dividends.
Dividend and Other Distribution Payment Limitations
The insurance laws of Iowa and New York regulate the amount of dividends that may be paid in any year by FGL Insurance and FGL NY Insurance, respectively. For the three months ended March 31, 2025, FGL Insurance did not pay dividends to its parent, Fidelity & Guaranty Life Holdings, Inc. (“FGLH”). FGL Insurance’s maximum ordinary dividend capacity for 2025 is $0. FGL NY Insurance has historically not paid dividends. Under the laws of the State of Vermont, Raven Re and Corbeau Re cannot pay dividends out of, or other distribution with respect to, capital or surplus, without prior approval. Likewise, the insurance laws of Bermuda limit the maximum amount of annual dividends and distributions that may be paid or distributed by F&G Life Re without prior regulatory approval and those of the Cayman Islands require that, among other things, F&G Cayman Re maintain minimum levels of statutory capital, surplus and liquidity, meet solvency standards, submit to periodic examinations of its financial condition and restrict payments of dividends and reductions of capital. Please refer to Note O - Insurance Subsidiary Financial Information and Regulatory Matters included in Part I - Item I of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024 for additional details on risk-based capital, statutory capital and dividend and other distribution payment limitations.
Cash Flow from our Operations
Cash flow from our operations will be used for general corporate purposes including to reinvest in operations, repay debt, pay dividends, repurchase stock, pursue other strategic initiatives and/or conserve cash.
Operating Cash Flow. Our cash flows provided by operations for the three months ended March 31, 2025 and March 31, 2024, were $956 million and $1,534 million, respectively. Cash provided by operations for the three months ended March 31, 2025 and March 31, 2024 included approximately $200 million and $490 million of net cash received for PRT transactions, respectively, included in the change in future policy benefits.
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Investing Cash Flows. Our cash used in investing activities for the three months ended March 31, 2025 and March 31, 2024, were $809 million and, $1,384 million, respectively, primarily reflecting net purchases of investments. Cash used in investing activities for the three months ended March 31, 2024 also included net cash outflows of $268 million for the Roar acquisition.
Financing Cash Flows. Our cash flows provided by financing activities for the three months ended March 31, 2025 and March 31, 2024, were $882 million and $659 million, respectively and reflected higher net contractholder deposits in 2025, as compared to 2024. Contractholder account deposits and withdrawals for the three months ended March 31, 2025 included FABN issuances of approximately $350 million, as compared to no FABN issuances for the three months ended March 31, 2024. In addition, cash provided by financing activities for the three months ended March 31, 2025 included borrowing proceeds of $375 million, and proceeds of $269 million from the issuance of F&G Common Stock, all discussed above, partially offset by the $300 million redemption of the 5.50% F&G Senior Notes and dividend payments of approximately $30 million. Cash provided by financing activities for the three months ended March 31, 2024 included proceeds of $250 million from the issuance of the FNF preferred stock partially offset by dividend payments of approximately $26 million.
Financing Arrangements. For a description of our financing arrangements see Note L - Notes Payable to the unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements included in Item 1 of Part I of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for additional details on unfunded commitments.
Reinsurance. See Note E - Reinsurance to the unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements included in Part I, Item 1 of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for additional information on our reinsurance.
Preferred and Equity Security Investments. Our preferred and equity security investments may be subject to significant volatility. Currently prevailing accounting standards require us to record the change in fair value of preferred and equity security investments held as of any given period end within earnings. Our results of operations in future periods are anticipated to be subject to such volatility.
Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements. Throughout our history, we have entered in indemnifications in the ordinary course of business with our customers, suppliers, service providers, business partners and in certain instances, when we sold businesses. Additionally, we have indemnified our directors and officers who are, or were, serving at our request in such capacities. Although the specific terms or number of such arrangements is not precisely known due to the extensive history of our past operations, costs incurred to settle claims related to these indemnifications have not been material to our financial statements. We have no reason to believe that future costs to settle claims related to our former operations will have a material impact on our financial position, results of operations or cash flows.
We have unfunded commitments as of March 31, 2025 based upon the timing of when investments and agreements are executed or signed compared to when the actual commitments are funded or closed. Some investments require that funding occur over a period of months or years. Please refer to Note C - Investments and Note N - Commitments and Contingencies to the unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements included in Item 1 of Part I of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for additional details on unfunded commitments.
FHLB Collateral. We are currently a member of the FHLB and are required to maintain a collateral deposit that backs any funding agreements issued. We use these funding agreements as part of a spread enhancement strategy. We have the ability to obtain funding from the FHLB based on a percentage of the value of our assets, subject to the availability of eligible collateral. Collateral is pledged based on the outstanding balances of FHLB funding agreements. The amount of funding varies based on the type, rating and maturity of the collateral posted to the FHLB. Generally, U.S. government agency notes, mortgage-backed securities, municipal bonds, and commercial and residential whole loans are pledged to the FHLB as collateral. Market value fluctuations resulting from changes in interest rates, spreads and other risk factors for each type of asset are monitored and additional collateral is either pledged or released as needed.
Our borrowing capacity under these credit facilities does not have an expiration date as long as we maintain a
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satisfactory level of creditworthiness based on the FHLB’s credit assessment. As of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, we had $2,901 million and $2,852 million, respectively, in FHLB non-putable funding agreements included under contractholder funds on our unaudited Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. As of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, we had assets with a fair value of approximately $4,740 million and $4,289 million, respectively, which collateralized the FHLB funding agreements. Assets pledged to the FHLB are primarily included in fixed maturities, AFS, on our unaudited Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets.
Collateral-Derivative Contracts. Under the terms of our ISDA agreements, we may receive from, or deliver to, counterparties collateral to assure that all terms of the ISDA agreements will be met with regard to the Credit Support Annex (“CSA”). The terms of the CSA call for us to pay interest on any cash received equal to the federal funds rate. As of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, $621 million, and $771 million, respectively, of collateral was posted by our counterparties as they did not meet the net exposure thresholds. Collateral requirements are monitored on a daily basis and incorporate changes in market values of both the derivatives contract as well as the collateral pledged. Market value fluctuations are due to changes in interest rates, spreads and other risk factors.
Our cash flows associated with collateral received from and posted with counterparties change as the market value of the underlying derivative contract changes. As the value of a derivative asset declines (or increases), the collateral required to be posted by our counterparties would also decline (or increase). Likewise, when the value of a derivative liability declines (or increases), the collateral we are required to post to our counterparties would also decline (or increase).
Guarantor Financial Information
Our 6.250% F&G Senior Notes, 6.50% F&G Senior Notes, 7.40% F&G Senior Notes and 7.95% F&G Senior Notes are fully and unconditionally guaranteed on a senior, unsecured, unsubordinated basis, jointly and severally, by each of our existing and future direct and indirect subsidiaries that are guarantors of our obligations under the credit agreement (collectively, the “obligor group”). Refer to Note L - Notes Payable of the unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements in Part I - Item 1 of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for further information regarding these borrowings.
Set forth below is summarized unaudited financial information of the obligor group, as presented on a combined basis (in millions). Intercompany transactions and balances within the obligor group have been eliminated. In addition, financial information of any non-guarantor subsidiaries, which would normally be consolidated by either F&G or the guarantors under GAAP, has been excluded from such presentation.
| Three months ended | Year ended | ||||||||||
| March 31, 2025 | December 31, 2024 | ||||||||||
| Summarized Statement of Operations: | |||||||||||
| Total revenues | $ | (24) | $ | 77 | |||||||
| Total expenses | 41 | 124 | |||||||||
| Income tax (expense) benefit | 4 | 3 | |||||||||
| Net income (loss) | $ | (61) | $ | (44) | |||||||
| Summarized Balance Sheet: | March 31, 2025 | December 31, 2024 | |||||||||
| Investments | $ | 30 | $ | 334 | |||||||
| Cash and cash equivalents | 617 | 272 | |||||||||
| Goodwill | 1,725 | 1,725 | |||||||||
| Due from non-guarantor affiliates | 37 | 77 | |||||||||
| Other assets | 38 | 42 | |||||||||
| Total assets | $ | 2,447 | $ | 2,450 | |||||||
| Notes payable | $ | 2,234 | $ | 2,171 | |||||||
| Other liabilities | 119 | 167 | |||||||||
| Total liabilities | $ | 2,353 | $ | 2,338 | |||||||
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Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk
In the normal course of business, we are routinely subject to a variety of risks, as described in "Part I - Item 1A. Risk Factors" included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024 and, as applicable, Part II - Item 1A. Risk Factors included in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. The risks related to our business also include certain market risks that may affect our financial instruments and certain liabilities.
At present, we face market risks associated with our marketable equity securities, liability for Contractholder funds, balances for MRBs which are subject to equity price volatility, and interest rate movements on our fixed income investments and liabilities for debt, FPBs, MRBs, and Contractholder funds.
We regularly assess these market risks and have established policies and business practices designed to protect against the adverse effects of these exposures.
Additionally, financial instruments, which potentially subject us to concentrations of credit risk, consist primarily of cash equivalents, derivatives, long term investments and short-term investments. We require placement of cash in financial institutions evaluated as highly creditworthy.
For information about our enterprise risk management and a description of our market risk exposures, including strategies used to manage our exposure to market risk, see "Part II - Item 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk" included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024 and, as applicable, Part II - Item 1A. Risk Factors included in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.
During the three months ended March 31, 2025, there were no material changes to our market risk exposures from those previously disclosed in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024, except as described below.
Interest Rate Risk
An increase in the levels of interest rates of 100 basis points, with all other variables held constant, would result in a decrease in the fair value of our fixed maturity securities and certain investments in preferred securities of approximately $2.7 billion, a net decrease in the fair value of interest rate swaps of approximately $0.1 billion and a net decrease in the combined fair value of embedded derivatives and MRBs of approximately $0.6 billion at March 31, 2025. In addition, a 100bps shift in interest rates for our floating rate debt and funding agreements will increase or decrease floating expense by approximately $19 million per year. As noted in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024, the impact to net earnings related to the interest rate swaps and floating rate notes payable and funding agreements will be significantly offset by corresponding changes in investment income associated with our floating rate investments.
Equity Price Risk
At March 31, 2025, a 10% decrease in market prices, with all other variables held constant, would result in a net decrease in the fair value of our equity securities portfolio of approximately $35 million.
Credit Risk and Counterparty Risk
See Note D - Derivative Financial Instruments in the unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements included in Item 1 of Part I of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for additional information regarding our exposure to credit loss for derivatives.
In the normal course of business, certain reinsurance recoverables are subject to reviews by the reinsurers. We are not aware of any material disputes arising from these reviews or other communications with the counterparties as of March 31, 2025 that would require an increase to the allowance for credit losses. For information on
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concentrations of reinsurance risk, refer to Note E - Reinsurance in the unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements included in Part I - Item 1 of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.
For further information on certain risk associated with our business, refer to Note N - Commitments and Contingencies in the unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements included in Part I - Item 1 of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.
Use of Estimates and Assumptions
The preparation of our unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements included in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosures of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates and assumptions used.
Concentrations of Financial Instruments
Refer to Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations - Investment Portfolio - Investment Concentrations included in Item 2 of Part I of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q regarding the top ten investment concentrations of our fixed maturity and equity securities including the fair value and percent of total fixed maturity and equity securities fair value as of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024.
Refer to Note C - Investments in the unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements included in Part I - Item 1 of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for our underlying investment concentrations that exceed 10% of shareholders equity as of March 31, 2025.
.
Item 4. Controls and Procedures
Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures
As of the end of the period covered by this report, we carried out an evaluation was performed under the supervision and with participation of the Company’s management, including the Chief Executive Officer (“CEO”) and Chief Financial Officer (“CFO”), of the effectiveness of the design and operation of the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”)), as of the end of the period covered by this report. Based on that evaluation, the Company’s management, including the CEO and CFO, concluded that, as of March 31, 2025, the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures were effective to ensure that information we are required to disclose in reports that we file or submit under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the Commission’s rules and forms, and is accumulated and communicated to the Company’s management, including the Company’s CEO and CFO, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.
Notwithstanding the foregoing, there can be no assurance that the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures will detect or uncover all failures of persons within the Company to disclose material information otherwise required to be set forth in the Company’s periodic reports. There are inherent limitations to the effectiveness of any system of disclosure controls and procedures, including the possibility of human error and the circumvention or overriding of the controls and procedures. Accordingly, even effective disclosure controls and procedures can only provide reasonable, not absolute, assurance of achieving their control objectives.
Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting
There were no changes in the Company’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the quarter ended March 31, 2025 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, the Company’s internal control over financial reporting.
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Limitations on the Effectiveness of Controls
A control system, no matter how well conceived and operated, can provide only reasonable, not absolute, assurance that the objectives of the control system are met. Because of the inherent limitations in all control systems, no evaluation of controls can provide absolute assurance that all control issues and instances of fraud, if any, within the Company have been detected.
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Part II - Other Information
Item 1. Legal Proceedings
See discussion of legal proceedings in Note N - Commitments and Contingencies to the unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements included in Item 1 of Part I of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, which is incorporated by reference into this Item 1 of Part II.
Item 1A. Risk Factors
In addition to the information set forth in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, you should carefully consider the "Risk Factors" disclosed under "Item 1A. Risk Factors" in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024. You should be aware that these risk factors and other information may not describe every risk facing our Company. Additional risks and uncertainties not currently known to us or that we currently deem to be immaterial also may materially adversely affect our business, financial condition and/or operating results.
There have been no material changes as of the date of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q to the risk factors disclosed in “Item IA. Risk Factors” included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024.
Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities, Use of Proceeds, and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities
In 2023, F&G’s Board of Directors approved a new three-year stock repurchase program under which the Company may repurchase up to $50 million of F&G common stock. The Company believes the share repurchase program is an efficient means of returning cash to shareholders when we consider the shares to be undervalued. Purchases may be made from time to time by the Company in the open market at prevailing market prices or through privately negotiated transactions or accelerated share repurchase transactions through November 6, 2026. All purchases are currently planned to be held as Treasury Stock. The extent to which the Company repurchases its shares, and the timing of such purchases, will depend upon a variety of factors, including market conditions, regulatory requirements and other considerations, as determined by the Company. There were no repurchases of shares pursuant to the stock repurchase program for the three months ended March 31, 2025. At March 31, 2025, the total remaining authorization of F&G common stock that may be repurchased was approximately $32 million.
There were no unregistered sales of equity securities sold during the period covered by this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q that were not previously included in a Current Report on Form 8-K.
Item 3. Defaults Upon Senior Securities
None.
Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures
Not applicable.
Item 5. Other Information
During the three months ended March 31, 2025, no director or officer of the Company adopted or terminated a “Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement” or “non-Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement,” as each term is defined in Item 408(a) of Regulation S-K.
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Item 6. Exhibits
The following is a list of exhibits filed or incorporated by reference as a part of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.
Exhibit No. | Description of Exhibits | |||||||
| 4.1 | ||||||||
| 4.2 | ||||||||
| 4.3 | ||||||||
| 10.1 † | ||||||||
| 31.1 * | ||||||||
| 31.2 * | ||||||||
| 32.1 ** | ||||||||
| 32.2 ** | ||||||||
| 101.INS * | Inline XBRL Instance Document-the instance document does not appear in the Interactive Data File because its XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL Document. | |||||||
| 101.SCH * | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document. | |||||||
| 101.CAL * | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document. | |||||||
| 101.DEF * | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document. | |||||||
| 101.PRE * | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document. | |||||||
| 101.LAB * | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document. | |||||||
| 104 * | Cover Page Interactive Data file (formatted as Inline XBRL and contained in Exhibit 101). | |||||||
| * | Filed herewith. | |||||||
| ** | Furnished herewith. | |||||||
| † | Indicates management contract or compensatory plan or agreement. | |||||||
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Signatures
Pursuant to the requirements of section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.
| F&G Annuities & Life, Inc. (Registrant) | |||||||||||
| Date: | May 8, 2025 | By: | /s/ Conor Murphy | ||||||||
| Conor Murphy | |||||||||||
| Executive Vice President, Chief Financial Officer | |||||||||||
| (on behalf of the Registrant and as Principal Financial Officer) | |||||||||||
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