GINKGO BIOWORKS HOLDINGS, INC., 10-K filed on 2/26/2026
Annual Report
v3.25.4
Cover - USD ($)
$ in Millions
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2025
Feb. 16, 2026
Jun. 28, 2024
Document Information [Line Items]      
Document Type 10-K    
Document Annual Report true    
Document Period End Date Dec. 31, 2025    
Current Fiscal Year End Date --12-31    
Document Transition Report false    
Entity File Number 001-40097    
Entity Registrant Name GINKGO BIOWORKS HOLDINGS, INC.    
Entity Incorporation, State or Country Code DE    
Entity Tax Identification Number 87-2652913    
Entity Address, Address Line One 27 Drydock Avenue    
Entity Address, Address Line Two 8th Floor    
Entity Address, City or Town Boston    
Entity Address, State or Province MA    
Entity Address, Postal Zip Code 02210    
City Area Code 877    
Local Phone Number 422-5362    
Title of 12(b) Security Class A common stock, par value $0.0001 per share    
Trading Symbol DNA    
Security Exchange Name NYSE    
Entity Well-known Seasoned Issuer No    
Entity Voluntary Filers No    
Entity Current Reporting Status Yes    
Entity Interactive Data Current Yes    
Entity Filer Category Accelerated Filer    
Entity Small Business false    
Entity Emerging Growth Company false    
ICFR Auditor Attestation Flag true    
Document Financial Statement Error Correction false    
Entity Shell Company false    
Entity Public Float     $ 553
Documents Incorporated by Reference
The information required by Part III of this report is incorporated by reference from the registrant’s definitive proxy statement relating to its annual meeting of stockholders to be held in 2026, which definitive proxy statement will be filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission within 120 days after the end of the fiscal year to which this report relates.
    
Amendment Flag false    
Document Fiscal Year Focus 2025    
Document Fiscal Period Focus FY    
Entity Central Index Key 0001830214    
Common Class A      
Document Information [Line Items]      
Entity Common Stock, Shares Outstanding   49,941,878  
Common Class B      
Document Information [Line Items]      
Entity Common Stock, Shares Outstanding   8,982,474  
Nonvoting Common Stock      
Document Information [Line Items]      
Entity Common Stock, Shares Outstanding   3,000,000  
v3.25.4
Audit Information
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2025
Audit Information [Abstract]  
Auditor Firm ID 34
Auditor Name Deloitte & Touche LLP
Auditor Location Boston, Massachusetts
v3.25.4
Consolidated Balance Sheets - USD ($)
$ in Thousands
Dec. 31, 2025
Dec. 31, 2024
Current assets:    
Cash and cash equivalents $ 167,202 $ 561,572
Marketable securities 255,418 0
Accounts receivable, net 24,026 21,857
Accounts receivable - related parties 229 586
Prepaid expenses and other current assets 24,963 18,729
Total current assets 471,838 602,744
Property, plant and equipment, net 167,783 203,720
Operating lease right-of-use assets 360,918 394,435
Investments 15,066 48,704
Intangible assets, net 56,924 72,510
Other non-current assets 47,167 55,336
Total assets 1,119,696 1,377,449
Current liabilities:    
Accounts payable 10,566 14,169
Deferred revenue (includes $98 and $795 from related parties) 18,946 27,710
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities 66,458 65,387
Total current liabilities 95,970 107,266
Non-current liabilities:    
Deferred revenue, net of current portion (includes $64,787 and $72,260 from related parties) 75,182 98,783
Operating lease liabilities, non-current 417,078 438,766
Other non-current liabilities 22,876 16,576
Total liabilities 611,106 661,391
Commitments and contingencies (Note 12)
Stockholders’ equity:    
Preferred stock, $0.0001 par value; 200,000,000 shares authorized; none issued 0 0
Common stock, $0.0001 par value (Note 13) 6 5
Additional paid-in capital 6,657,053 6,555,416
Accumulated deficit (6,150,320) (5,837,557)
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) 1,851 (1,806)
Total stockholders’ equity 508,590 716,058
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity $ 1,119,696 $ 1,377,449
v3.25.4
Consolidated Balance Sheets (Parenthetical) - USD ($)
$ in Thousands
Dec. 31, 2025
Dec. 31, 2024
Deferred revenue, related party $ 18,946 $ 27,710
Deferred revenue, net of current portion, from related parties $ 75,182 $ 98,783
Preferred stock, par value (in dollars per share) $ 0.0001 $ 0.0001
Preferred stock, authorized (in shares) 200,000,000 200,000,000
Preferred stock, issued (in shares) 0 0
Common stock, par value (in dollars per share) $ 0.0001 $ 0.0001
Related Party    
Deferred revenue, related party $ 98 $ 795
Deferred revenue, net of current portion, from related parties $ 64,787 $ 72,260
v3.25.4
Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss - USD ($)
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2025
Dec. 31, 2024
Dec. 31, 2023
Total revenue $ 170,155,000 $ 227,043,000 $ 251,455,000
Costs and operating expenses:      
Research and development 243,773,000 424,061,000 580,621,000
General and administrative 183,290,000 246,161,000 385,025,000
Impairment of lease assets 0 0 96,210,000
Goodwill impairment 0 47,858,000 0
Restructuring charges 11,398,000 24,172,000 0
Total operating expenses 485,433,000 786,800,000 1,115,861,000
Loss from operations (315,278,000) (559,757,000) (864,406,000)
Other income (expense):      
Interest income 22,616,000 38,612,000 57,217,000
Interest expense 0 (94,000) (93,000)
Loss on equity method investments 0 0 (2,635,000)
Loss on investments (16,411,000) (28,827,000) (54,827,000)
Loss on deconsolidation of subsidiaries 0 (7,013,000) (42,502,000)
Change in fair value of warrant liabilities 0 5,701,000 5,168,000
Other (expense) income, net (4,527,000) 3,870,000 9,138,000
Total other income (expense) 1,678,000 12,249,000 (28,534,000)
Loss before income taxes (313,600,000) (547,508,000) (892,940,000)
Income tax benefit (837,000) (479,000) (71,000)
Net loss $ (312,763,000) $ (547,029,000) $ (892,869,000)
Earnings Per Share [Abstract]      
Basic (in dollars per share) $ (5.64) $ (10.54) $ (18.37)
Diluted (in dollars per share) $ (5.64) $ (10.54) $ (18.37)
Weighted Average Number of Shares Outstanding, Basic [Abstract]      
Basic (in shares) 55,457,676 51,894,639 48,610,507
Weighted average common shares outstanding, diluted (in shares) 55,457,676 51,894,639 48,610,507
Comprehensive loss:      
Net loss $ (312,763,000) $ (547,029,000) $ (892,869,000)
Other comprehensive income (loss):      
Foreign currency translation adjustment 3,531,000 (4,782,000) 4,116,000
Reclassification of foreign currency translation adjustment realized upon sale of foreign subsidiary 0 1,492,000 0
Unrealized gain on available-for-sale securities (126,000) 0 0
Total other comprehensive income (loss) 3,657,000 (3,290,000) 4,116,000
Comprehensive loss (309,106,000) (550,319,000) (888,753,000)
Cell Engineering      
Total revenue [1] 132,746,000 173,972,000 143,531,000
Service      
Total revenue 37,409,000 53,071,000 78,975,000
Costs and operating expenses:      
Cost of revenue 31,521,000 38,549,000 46,524,000
Product      
Total revenue 0 0 28,949,000
Costs and operating expenses:      
Cost of revenue 0 0 7,481,000
Other      
Costs and operating expenses:      
Cost of revenue $ 15,451,000 $ 5,999,000 $ 0
[1] Includes related party revenue of $8,784, $53,041, and $22,222 for the years ended December 31, 2025, 2024, and 2023, respectively.
v3.25.4
Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss (Parenthetical) - USD ($)
$ in Thousands
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2025
Dec. 31, 2024
Dec. 31, 2023
Revenue $ 170,155 $ 227,043 $ 251,455
Related Party      
Revenue $ 8,784 $ 53,041 $ 22,222
v3.25.4
Consolidated Statements of Stockholders' Equity - USD ($)
Total
Common Stock
Additional Paid-In Capital
Accumulated Deficit
Accumulated Other Comprehensive (Loss) Income
Beginning balance (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2022   47,299,399      
Beginning balance at Dec. 31, 2022 $ 1,736,277,000 $ 5,000 $ 6,136,563,000 $ (4,397,659,000) $ (2,632,000)
Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]          
Issuance of common stock upon exercise or vesting of equity awards (in shares)   2,469,178      
Issuance of common stock upon exercise or vesting of equity awards 555,000   555,000    
Tax withholdings related to net share settlement of equity awards (in shares)   (360)      
Forfeiture of restricted stock (in shares)   $ (1,407)      
Tax withholdings related to net share settlement of equity awards (23,000)   (23,000)    
Settlement of contingent consideration (in shares)   96,198      
Settlement of contingent consideration 8,896,000   8,896,000    
Issuance of common stock for business and asset acquisitions, net of issuance costs (in shares)   119,278      
Issuance of common stock for asset acquisitions 6,820,000   6,820,000    
Issuance of common stock pursuant to public offering, net of issuance costs (in shares)   50,587      
Issuance of common stock in exchange for services 2,500,000   2,500,000    
Stock-based compensation expense 230,880,000   230,880,000    
Other comprehensive income 4,116,000        
Net loss (892,869,000)     (892,869,000)  
Reclassification of foreign currency translation adjustment realized upon sale of foreign subsidiary 0        
Foreign currency translation 4,116,000       4,116,000
Ending balance (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2023   50,032,873      
Ending balance at Dec. 31, 2023 1,097,152,000 $ 5,000 6,386,191,000 (5,290,528,000) 1,484,000
Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]          
Issuance of common stock upon exercise or vesting of equity awards (in shares)   1,783,763      
Issuance of common stock upon exercise or vesting of equity awards 543,000   543,000    
Tax withholdings related to net share settlement of equity awards (4,000)   (4,000)    
Settlement of contingent consideration (in shares)   1,385,532      
Settlement of contingent consideration 14,742,000   14,742,000    
Issuance of common stock for business and asset acquisitions, net of issuance costs (in shares)   802,038      
Issuance of common stock for asset acquisitions 36,801,000   36,801,000    
Issuance of common stock in exchange for services (in shares)   361,579      
Forfeiture of restricted stock 4,799,000   4,799,000    
Stock-based compensation expense 112,344,000   112,344,000    
Other comprehensive income (3,290,000)        
Net loss (547,029,000)     (547,029,000)  
Reclassification of foreign currency translation adjustment realized upon sale of foreign subsidiary 1,492,000       1,492,000
Foreign currency translation $ (4,782,000)       (4,782,000)
Ending balance (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2024 54,365,785 54,365,785      
Ending balance at Dec. 31, 2024 $ 716,058,000 $ 5,000 6,555,416,000 (5,837,557,000) (1,806,000)
Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]          
Issuance of common stock upon exercise or vesting of equity awards (in shares)   1,798,041      
Settlement of contingent consideration 1,237,000   1,237,000    
Issuance of common stock pursuant to public offering, net of issuance costs (in shares)   1,940,550      
Issuance of common stock in exchange for services 18,078,000   18,078,000    
Issuance of common stock in exchange for services (in shares)   102,922      
Forfeiture of restricted stock 777,000 $ 1,000 776,000    
Stock-based compensation expense 81,546,000   81,546,000    
Other comprehensive income 3,657,000       3,657,000
Net loss (312,763,000)     (312,763,000)  
Reclassification of foreign currency translation adjustment realized upon sale of foreign subsidiary $ 0        
Ending balance (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2025 58,207,298 58,207,298      
Ending balance at Dec. 31, 2025 $ 508,590,000 $ 6,000 $ 6,657,053,000 $ (6,150,320,000) $ 1,851,000
v3.25.4
Consolidated Statements of Stockholders' Equity (Parenthetical)
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2025
USD ($)
shares
Statement of Stockholders' Equity [Abstract]  
Stock issuance costs $ (1,393,000)
Shares release from escrow during period | shares 24,913
Forfeiture of restricted stock $ 777,000
v3.25.4
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows - USD ($)
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2025
Dec. 31, 2024
Dec. 31, 2023
Cash flows from operating activities:      
Net loss $ (312,763,000) $ (547,029,000) $ (892,869,000)
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash used in operating activities:      
Depreciation and amortization 58,990,000 63,020,000 70,507,000
Stock-based compensation 81,546,000 112,344,000 229,884,000
Goodwill impairment 0 47,858,000 0
Restructuring related impairment charges 0 4,823,000 0
Non-cash customer consideration 0 (1,117,000) (1,373,000)
Loss on equity method investments 0 0 2,635,000
Loss on investments 16,411,000 28,827,000 54,827,000
Change in fair value of notes receivable 5,685,000 2,014,000 2,416,000
Change in fair value of warrant liabilities 0 (5,701,000) (5,168,000)
Change in fair value of contingent consideration liability (4,232,000) 3,214,000 9,168,000
Loss on deconsolidation of subsidiaries 0 7,013,000 42,502,000
Impairment of long-lived assets 0 5,796,000 121,404,000
Deferred income tax benefit (1,364,000) (936,000) (801,000)
Loss on disposal of equipment 0 844,000 842,000
Non-cash lease expense 30,082,000 28,095,000 28,313,000
Non-cash in-process research and development 0 19,796,000 9,182,000
Accretion of discount on marketable securities (3,390,000) 0 0
Other non-cash activity 2,064,000 1,224,000 3,194,000
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:      
Accounts receivable ($357, $156 and $816 from related parties) (1,473,000) (4,725,000) 50,068,000
Prepaid expenses and other current assets (5,247,000) 10,085,000 10,473,000
Operating lease right-of-use assets 3,814,000 23,463,000 9,275,000
Other non-current assets 296,000 (1,394,000) 2,570,000
Accounts payable (2,992,000) 4,771,000 (1,183,000)
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities 10,376,000 (40,438,000) 16,899,000
Deferred revenue, current and non-current ($(8,147), $(51,422) and $(17,018) from related parties) (32,393,000) (68,645,000) (35,917,000)
Operating lease liabilities, current and non-current (27,932,000) (14,881,000) (22,800,000)
Other non-current liabilities 11,463,000 2,094,000 452,000
Net cash used in operating activities (171,059,000) (319,585,000) (295,500,000)
Cash flows from investing activities:      
Purchases of marketable debt securities (418,630,000) 0 0
Maturities of marketable debt securities 159,483,000 0 0
Proceeds from sale of marketable debt securities 25,899,000 0 0
Purchases of property and equipment (7,665,000) (62,541,000) (40,801,000)
Deconsolidation of subsidiaries - cash 0 0 (42,980,000)
Business acquisitions, net of cash acquired 0 (5,400,000) 0
Purchases of notes receivable 0 0 (350,000)
Proceeds from sales of marketable equity securities 0 4,519,000 0
Proceeds from sale of equipment 574,000 648,000 4,428,000
Other 50,000 538,000 (990,000)
Net cash used in investing activities (240,289,000) (62,236,000) (80,693,000)
Cash flows from financing activities:      
Proceeds from ATM offering 19,469,000 0 0
Payment of issuance costs related to ATM offering (1,340,000) 0 0
Proceeds from exercise of stock options 0 84,000 93,000
Taxes paid related to net share settlement of equity awards 0 0 (23,000)
Principal payments on finance leases (354,000) (897,000) (1,295,000)
Contingent consideration payment 0 (922,000) (1,411,000)
Payment of equity issuance costs and other 0 (4,000) (580,000)
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities 17,775,000 (1,739,000) (3,216,000)
Effect of foreign exchange rates on cash and cash equivalents 201,000 (281,000) (588,000)
Net decrease in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash (393,372,000) (383,841,000) (379,997,000)
Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of year 561,572,000 944,073,000 1,315,792,000
Restricted cash, beginning of year 44,171,000 45,511,000 53,789,000
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash, beginning of year 605,743,000 989,584,000 1,369,581,000
Cash and cash equivalents, end of year 167,202,000 561,572,000 944,073,000
Restricted cash, end of year 45,169,000 44,171,000 45,511,000
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash, end of year $ 212,371,000 $ 605,743,000 $ 989,584,000
v3.25.4
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows (Parenthetical) - USD ($)
$ in Thousands
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2025
Dec. 31, 2024
Dec. 31, 2023
Accounts receivable, from related parties $ 1,473 $ 4,725 $ (50,068)
Deferred revenue, current and non-current, from related parties (32,393) (68,645) (35,917)
Purchases of notes receivable 0 0 350
Related Party      
Accounts receivable, from related parties 357 156 816
Deferred revenue, current and non-current, from related parties $ (8,147) $ (51,422) $ (17,018)
v3.25.4
Organization and Basis of Presentation
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2025
Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements [Abstract]  
Organization and Basis of Presentation Organization and Basis of Presentation
Business
Ginkgo Bioworks Holdings, Inc.'s (“Ginkgo” or the “Company”) mission is to make biology easier to engineer. Ginkgo sells services to government and commercial customers in two business segments: cell engineering, where we provide tools and biological R&D services across a range of industries, and biosecurity, where we provide services to customers who are working to identify, monitor, prevent, mitigate, and ultimately protect humanity from biological threats.
Cell Engineering
Ginkgo does not make end products; instead, Ginkgo offers biological R&D services on our platform to enable our customers to bring their products to market. Historically, Ginkgo’s primary service offering has been cell engineering R&D services (solutions) where Ginkgo performs technical activities. In 2024, Ginkgo expanded its service offering to include services that provide our customers cell engineering tools for biological R&D, where Ginkgo enables its customers to conduct certain in-house R&D activities themselves. Ginkgo's services are designed to offer customers better results on the dimensions of probability of success, speed, or cost – and ideally on all three.

Our Autonomous Lab is a flexible wet lab built from our Reconfigurable Automation Cart (“RAC”) systems capable of large scale data generation; it powers generative AI and machine learning (“ML”) tools that enable more successful biological R&D.

Biosecurity
Ginkgo's primary biosecurity customers are governments. Ginkgo currently provides biosecurity services via two core offerings as introduced in early 2024:
•Canopy, which helps our customers generate high value genomic data from strategically positioned nodes (like airports and border checkpoints) via end-to-end biomonitoring programs; and
•Horizon, our digital surveillance, analytics and insights platform that detects and monitors biothreats worldwide.
v3.25.4
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2025
Accounting Policies [Abstract]  
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
Basis of Presentation
The accompanying consolidated financial statements have been prepared in conformity with the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) and generally accepted accounting principles in the United States of America (“GAAP”). Any reference in these notes to applicable guidance is meant to refer to the authoritative GAAP as found in the Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) of the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”).
Principles of Consolidation
The accompanying consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company, its wholly owned subsidiaries, majority owned subsidiaries and variable interest entities if the Company is the primary beneficiary. All intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated.
Reverse Stock Split
On August 19, 2024 (the “Effective Date”), with the approval of the Company's board of directors and shareholders, the Company effected a one-for-forty (1:40) reverse stock split (the “Reverse Stock Split”) for the Company’s common stock (inclusive of Class A common stock, Class B common stock and Class C common stock, par value $0.0001 per share). Accordingly, all common shares, common stock equity awards and common stock per share amounts presented herein have been retrospectively adjusted to reflect the Reverse Stock Split.
On the Effective Date, every forty shares of common stock issued and outstanding immediately prior to the Effective Date were automatically combined into one share of such class of common stock without any change to the par value per share. The number of shares reserved under the Company’s equity plans and the number of shares underlying awards outstanding under the Company’s equity plans was reduced proportionately. No fractional shares were issued in connection with the
Reverse Stock Split. Shareholders entitled to receive a fractional share as a result of the Reverse Stock Split received a cash payment in lieu of such fractional shares. The number of authorized shares of common stock was not reduced.
Variable Interest Entities
The Company evaluates its variable interests in variable interest entities (“VIE”) and consolidates VIEs when the Company is the primary beneficiary. The Company determines whether it is the primary beneficiary of each VIE based on its assessment of whether the Company possesses both (i) the power to direct the activities that most significantly affect the VIE’s economic performance and (ii) the obligation to absorb losses that could be significant to the VIE or the right to receive benefits that could be significant to the VIE. The Company reevaluates the accounting for its VIEs upon the occurrence of events that could change the primary beneficiary conclusion. As of December 31, 2025 and 2024, the maximum risk of loss related to the Company’s VIEs was limited to the carrying value of its investment in such entities.
Use of Estimates
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, revenues and expenses, and the disclosure of contingent liabilities in the consolidated financial statements. The Company bases its estimates on historical experience and other market-specific or relevant assumptions that it believes to be reasonable under the circumstances. Reported amounts and disclosures reflect the overall economic conditions that management believes are most likely to occur, and the anticipated measures management intends to take. Actual results could differ materially from those estimates. All revisions to accounting estimates are recognized in the period in which the estimates are revised.
Concentrations of Credit Risk
Financial instruments that potentially subject the Company to concentrations of credit risk primarily consist of cash and cash equivalents, restricted cash, trade accounts receivable, marketable securities and notes receivable. The Company’s cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash are maintained in bank deposit accounts and money market funds that regularly exceed federally insured limits. The Company is exposed to credit risk on its cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash in the event of default by the financial institutions to the extent account balances exceed the amount insured by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation. The Company believes that it is not exposed to significant credit risk as its deposits are generally held in financial institutions that management believes to be of high credit quality. To date, the Company has not experienced any material write-offs related to its trade accounts receivable. A portion of the Company’s Biosecurity revenue is derived from sales of services to foreign government agencies in certain developing countries. The Company is exposed to credit risk on its marketable securities. The Company’s policy is for no one issuer or group of issuers from the same holding company is to exceed 10% of the marketable securities portfolio at the time of purchase, with the exception of U.S. government securities or agencies, U.S. Treasuries, bank sweep and deposit programs and money market funds. The Company’s maximum credit risk exposure with respect to notes receivable is equivalent to the carrying value of the notes as of the balance sheet date.
For the year ended December 31, 2025, one customer in the Cell Engineering segment accounted for 15% of the Company’s total revenue, while one customer in the Biosecurity segment accounted for 12% of the Company’s total revenue. For the year ended December 31, 2024, two customers in the Cell Engineering segment accounted for 13% and 20% of the Company’s total revenue, while one customer in the Biosecurity segment accounted for 16% of the Company’s total revenue. For the year ended December 31, 2023, one customer in the Cell Engineering segment and one customer in the Biosecurity segment accounted for 12% and 11%, respectively, of the Company's total revenue.
Cash and Cash Equivalents
The Company’s cash is comprised of bank deposits, overnight sweep accounts and money market funds. The Company considers all highly liquid investments with original maturities of three months or less at the date of purchase to be cash equivalents. The carrying value of the Company’s cash and cash equivalents approximate fair value due to their short-term maturities.
Restricted Cash
Restricted cash primarily includes cash balances collateralizing letters of credit associated with the Company’s facility leases and customer prepayments requiring segregation and restrictions in its use in accordance with the customer
agreement. Restricted cash is included in prepaid expenses and other current assets and other non-current assets on the consolidated balance sheet.
Allowance for Credit Losses
The Company maintains an allowance for credit losses to provide for the estimated amounts of receivables that will not be collected over the estimated life of the assets. The allowance is calculated by considering previous loss history, delinquency of receivables balances, current economic conditions and anticipated future economic conditions in the geographies and industries in which the Company’s customers operate. To the extent an individual customer’s credit quality deteriorates, the Company measures an allowance based on the risk characteristics of the individual customer. Once a receivable is deemed to be uncollectible, such balance is charged against the allowance. The allowance is calculated at each reporting period with changes recorded to general and administrative expense in the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss. Accounts receivable are net of an allowance for credit losses of $2.2 million and $1.9 million at December 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively. There were no material changes in the allowance for credit losses for the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024.
Marketable Securities
In 2025, the Company began investing its excess cash in marketable debt securities. All debt securities are classified as available-for-sale at the time of purchase. Available-for-sale debt securities, including those with maturities extending beyond one year, are classified as current assets on the balance sheet due to their highly liquid nature and because they are considered available for use in current operations. Debt securities that are highly liquid and have original maturities of three months or less at the time of acquisition are classified as cash equivalents on the consolidated balance sheet. The Company considers securities to be highly liquid if they can be readily converted to cash with an insignificant risk of changes in value, typically due to active markets and high credit quality.
Unrealized gains and losses on available-for-sale marketable debt securities that are not related to credit losses are included in other comprehensive income (loss) in the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss. Amortization of premium or accretion of discount, along with interest income earned on debt securities, is included in interest income, net. Realized gains and losses, if any, are included in other income (expense), net, and the cost of securities sold is determined using the specific-identification method.
As of the balance sheet date, the Company evaluates its debt securities in an unrealized loss position to determine the extent of the loss, if any, that is attributable to expected credit losses. Expected credit losses on debt securities are recorded as an allowance on the balance sheet, with an offsetting amount recognized in other income (expense), net, in the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss. To date, the Company has not recorded any credit losses on its marketable debt securities.
Marketable securities also includes equity securities of publicly-traded companies that are considered to be available for use in current operations. Equity securities of publicly-traded companies that are not considered to be available for use in current operations are presented within investments on the consolidated balance sheet.
Property, Plant and Equipment, net
Property, plant and equipment are stated at cost less accumulated depreciation. Land is stated at cost. Depreciation is computed using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the assets or the remaining lease term for leasehold improvements. Estimated lives of property, plant and equipment are as follows:
Estimated Useful Life
Computer equipment and software
2 to 5 years
Furniture and fixtures7 years
Lab equipment
1 to 5 years
Buildings and facilities
15 to 30 years
Vehicles5 years
Leasehold improvementsShorter of useful life or remaining lease term
Expenditures for maintenance and repairs are expensed as incurred. When assets are retired or otherwise disposed of, the related cost and accumulated depreciation is removed from the balance sheet and any resulting gain or loss is recorded in
the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss. Construction in progress relates to assets which have not been placed in service as of the period end.
Equity Method Investments
The Company utilizes the equity method to account for its investments in common stock, or in-substance common stock, when it possesses the ability to exercise significant influence, but not control, over the operating and financial policies of the investee. The Company uses judgment when determining the level of influence over the operating and financial policies of the investee considering key factors including, among others, the Company’s ownership interest, representation on the board of directors, participation in policy-making decisions and material contractual arrangements and obligations. Income and losses are allocated based upon relative ownership interest unless there is a substantive profit-sharing agreement in place.
For investments with a substantive profit-sharing agreement, the Company utilizes the hypothetical liquidation at book value (“HLBV”) method to allocate income and losses from the equity method investment. Under the HLBV method, the Company utilizes the capital account at the end of the period assuming the book value of the entity was liquidated or sold minus the same calculation at the beginning of the period. The difference is the share of earnings or losses attributable to the equity method investment.
Under the equity method, if there is a commitment for the Company to fund the losses of its equity method investees, the Company would continue to record its share of losses resulting in a negative equity method investment, which would be presented as a liability on the consolidated balance sheet. Commitments may be explicit and may include formal guarantees, legal obligations, or arrangements by contract. Implicit commitments may arise from reputational expectations, intercompany relationships, statements by the Company of its intention to provide support, a history of providing financial support or other facts and circumstances. When the Company has no commitment to fund the losses of its equity method investees, the carrying value of its equity method investments will not be reduced below zero. The Company had no commitment to fund additional losses of its equity method investments during the years ended December 31, 2025, 2024 and 2023.
The Company evaluates its equity method investments for impairment whenever events or circumstances indicate that the carrying value of the investment may not be recoverable. The Company considers the investee’s financial position, forecasts and economic outlook, and the estimated duration and extent of losses to determine whether a recovery is anticipated. An impairment that is other-than-temporary is recognized in the period identified. The Company has not recognized an impairment loss related to its equity method investments for the years ended December 31, 2025, 2024 and 2023.
The Company may elect the fair value option for its equity method investments on an investment-by-investment basis. For all equity method investments accounted for under the fair value option, the Company carries the equity method investment at fair value and records all subsequent changes in fair value as a component of loss on equity method investments in the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss.
Investments
Investments include marketable equity securities in publicly-traded companies, non-marketable equity securities in privately-held companies, Simple Agreement for Future Equity (“SAFE”) and warrants, in each case, in which the Company does not possess the ability to exercise significant influence over the investee.
Investments in marketable equity securities or warrants of publicly-traded companies are measured at fair value with subsequent changes in fair value recorded in loss on investments in the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss. Marketable equity securities are classified as non-current on the balance sheet if they are not currently available for sale.
Investments in non-marketable equity securities of privately-held companies and SAFEs, which do not have readily determinable fair values, are carried at cost, less any impairments, plus or minus changes resulting from observable price changes in orderly transactions for the identical or a similar investment of the same issuer. Each period the Company assesses relevant transactions to identify observable price changes, and the Company regularly monitors these investments to evaluate whether there is an indication of impairment. An equity security without a readily determinable fair value is written down to its fair value if a qualitative assessment indicates that the investment is impaired and the fair value of the
investment is less than its carrying value. For periods in which there is no estimate of fair value, the Company evaluates whether an event or change in circumstances has occurred that may have a significant adverse effect on the value of the investment. See Notes 5 and 7 for additional information on Investments.
Fair Value Measurements
The Company categorizes its assets and liabilities measured at fair value in accordance with the authoritative accounting guidance that establishes a consistent framework for measuring fair value and requires disclosures for each major asset and liability category measured at fair value on either a recurring or nonrecurring basis.
ASC 820, Fair Value Measurement (“ASC 820”), establishes a fair value hierarchy for instruments measured at fair value that distinguishes between assumptions based on market data (observable inputs) and the Company’s own assumptions (unobservable inputs). Observable inputs are inputs that market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability based on market data obtained from sources independent of the Company. Unobservable inputs are inputs that reflect the Company’s assumptions about the inputs that market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability and are developed based on the best information available in the circumstances.
ASC 820 identifies fair value as the exchange price, or exit price, representing the amount that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants. As a basis for considering market participant assumptions in fair value measurements, ASC 820 establishes a three-tier fair value hierarchy that distinguishes among the following:
•Level 1- Quoted prices (unadjusted) in active markets for identical assets or liabilities;
•Level 2- Inputs other than quoted prices included within Level 1 that are either directly or indirectly observable; and
•Level 3- Unobservable inputs in which little or no market activity exists, therefore requiring an entity to develop its own assumptions about the assumptions that market participants would use in pricing.
To the extent that the valuation is based on models or inputs that are either less observable or unobservable in the market, the determination of fair value requires more judgment. Accordingly, the degree of judgment exercised by the Company in determining fair value is greatest for instruments categorized in Level 3. A financial instrument’s level within the fair value hierarchy is based on the lowest level of any input that is significant to the fair value measurement.
The Company valued its money market fund holdings, notes receivable marketable debt securities, marketable equity securities, warrant liabilities and contingent consideration liabilities at fair value on a recurring basis. The carrying amounts of the Company’s other financial instruments, which include accounts receivable, certain prepaid expenses and other current assets, accounts payable and accrued expenses and other current liabilities approximate their fair values due to their short-term nature.
Impairment of Long-Lived Assets
The Company reviews its long-lived assets or asset groups for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying value of the assets may not be recoverable. Recoverability is measured by comparing the carrying value of the long-lived assets to the future undiscounted cash flows expected to be generated by the assets. In determining the expected future cash flows, the Company uses assumptions believed to be reasonable, but which inherently uncertain. Actual future cash flows may differ from the estimates used in impairment testing. The Company recognizes an impairment loss when and to the extent that the estimated fair value of long-lived asset is less than the carrying value. See Notes 3, 10 and 11 for a description of impairment losses recorded on long-lived assets.
Business Combinations
The Company accounts for business combinations using the acquisition method of accounting. The Company recognizes the identifiable assets acquired and liabilities assumed at their acquisition-date fair values and recognizes any excess of the total consideration paid over the fair value of the identifiable net assets as goodwill. Any purchase price that is considered contingent consideration is measured at its estimated fair value at the acquisition date and remeasured at each reporting period, with changes in estimated fair value recorded in general and administrative expenses in the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss. Acquisition transaction costs are expensed when incurred. The operating results of an acquisition are included in the Company’s consolidated financial statements as of the acquisition date.
Intangible Assets, net
Intangible assets, net consist of certain definite-lived assets including patents, processes and know-how related to technology acquired through business combinations and asset acquisitions. The Company amortizes such intangible assets on a straight-line basis over their estimated useful life.
Goodwill
Goodwill represented the excess of the acquisition cost over the fair market value of the net assets acquired. All goodwill was allocated to the Cell Engineering reporting unit and segment identified in Note 16. The Company considers various qualitative factors that could indicate impairment of goodwill such as macroeconomic conditions, industry and market environment, overall financial performance of the Company, cash flow from operating activities and market capitalization. If the qualitative assessment indicates that it is more-likely-than-not that the fair value of the reporting unit is less than its carrying amount, the Company performs a quantitative assessment to compare the fair value of the reporting unit to its carrying value, including goodwill. If the carrying value of the reporting unit exceeds the fair value, an impairment loss is recognized limited to the total amount of goodwill allocated to that reporting unit. A combination of the income approach and the market approach may be used to determine fair value of the reporting unit. The Company recorded a full goodwill impairment during the year ended December 31, 2024 (see Note 9). No impairment losses were recognized during the years ended December 31, 2025, and 2023.
Leases
In accordance with ASC 842, Leases, the Company determines if an arrangement is or contains a lease at contract inception based on the terms and conditions in the contract. A contract contains a lease if there is an identified asset and the Company has the right to control the asset. For leases with terms greater than 12 months, the Company recognizes a right-of-use asset (“ROU asset”) and a lease liability as of the lease commencement date on the balance sheet. ROU assets represent the Company’s right to use an underlying asset over the lease term and lease liabilities represent the Company’s obligation to make lease payments arising from the lease. Lease ROU assets and liabilities are measured based on the present value of fixed lease payments that are unpaid as of the lease commencement date. The Company’s ROU assets balance is increased by any initial direct costs and reduced by lease incentives received or expected to be received. Some of the Company's leases include options to extend or terminate the lease; these options are included in the lease term for calculations of its ROU assets and liabilities when it is reasonably certain that the Company will exercise those options.
The Company’s leases are classified as either operating or finance, as determined at inception, with the classification affecting the pattern of expense recognition in the statement of operations. A lease is classified as a finance lease if risks and rewards are conveyed without the transfer of control. For operating leases, expense is generally recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term. For finance leases, interest on the lease liability is recognized using the effective interest method, while the ROU asset is amortized on a straight-line basis from the commencement date to the earlier of the end of the useful life of the ROU asset or the end of the lease term. Leases with an initial term of 12 months or less which meet the definition of a short-term lease are not recorded on the balance sheet and the lease expense for these leases is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term. In limited instances, the Company acts as a lessor, primarily with certain real estate subleases. Finance leases, short-term leases and subleases are not a significant component of the Company's financial condition or results of operations. The current portion of the Company’s operating lease liabilities is included in accrued expenses and other current liabilities on the balance sheet.
The Company has lease agreements with both lease and non-lease components (such as real estate taxes, insurance and common area maintenance charges) and has elected the practical expedient to combine these lease and non-lease components for its real estate leases and non-lab equipment leases. The Company has not elected this practical expedient for lab equipment leases and the lease and non-lease components are accounted for separately for these leases. Non-lease components are typically variable in nature and are recognized as lease expense in the period in which they arise.
As most of the Company’s leases do not provide an implicit interest rate, the Company uses an incremental borrowing rate based on the information available at lease commencement date in determining the present value of lease payments and uses the implicit rate when it is readily determinable. The Company’s incremental borrowing rate is based on management’s estimate of the rate of interest the Company would have to pay to borrow on a fully collateralized basis over a similar term an amount equal to the lease payments in a similar economic environment.
Revenue Recognition
The Company accounts for revenue in accordance with ASC 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (“ASC 606”). Under ASC 606, the Company recognizes revenue when the customer obtains control of the promised goods or services at an amount that reflects the consideration the Company expects to receive in exchange for those goods or services. To determine revenue recognition for arrangements that are within the scope of ASC 606, the Company performs the following five steps: (i) identify the contract(s) with a customer, (ii) identify the promises and distinct performance obligations in the contract, (iii) determine the transaction price, (iv) allocate the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract, and (v) recognize revenue when (or as) the Company satisfies the performance obligations.
Cell Engineering Revenue
The Company generates Cell Engineering service revenue by providing end-to-end cell engineering solutions and tools to customers.
We generate Cell Engineering revenue primarily through service and license agreements for our tools and solutions offerings. Under our automation solutions agreements we typically provide services related to the design, build, and deployment of our RAC systems as well as ongoing support services. These agreements typically include a fee for the sale and installation of RAC hardware and a fee for follow on support services and control software. Datapoints agreements typically include fixed fees for services related to producing a data package for our customers and are earned over a shorter time period than legacy cell engineering solutions projects. Under our solutions agreements, we typically provide R&D services for cell programming with the goal of producing an engineered cell that meets a mutually agreed specification. Our customers obtain license rights to the output of our services, which are primarily the optimized strains or cell lines, in order to manufacture and commercialize products derived from that licensed strain or cell line. Generally, the terms of these agreements provide that we receive some combination of: (1) service fees in the form of (i) upfront payments upon consummation of the agreement or other fixed payments, (ii) reimbursement for costs incurred for R&D services and (iii) milestone payments upon the achievement of specified technical criteria, plus (2) downstream value share payments in the form of (i) milestone payments upon the achievement of specified commercial criteria, (ii) royalties on sales of products from or comprising engineered organisms arising from the collaboration or licensing agreement and/or (iii) royalties related to cost of goods sold reductions realized by our customers. Royalties did not comprise a material amount of our revenue during any of the periods presented.
Cell Engineering revenue has historically included transactions with Platform Ventures and Legacy Structured Partnerships where we received non-cash consideration in the form of equity interests and financial instruments that are convertible into equity upon a triggering event. We view the upfront non-cash consideration as prepayments for licenses which will be granted in the future as we complete mutually agreed upon technical development plans. In these instances, we also receive cash consideration for the R&D services performed by us on a fixed fee or cost-plus basis. We are not compensated through additional milestone or royalty payments under these arrangements. As we perform R&D services under the mutually agreed upon development plans, we recognize a reduction in the prefunded obligation on a cost-plus basis. In some cases we issued the customer a prepaid Cell Engineering services credit in exchange for the upfront non-cash consideration, which can and has been drawn down as payment for R&D services performed under mutually agreed upon development plans. These arrangements are further described in Notes 7, 8, and 17.
Options to acquire additional distinct goods and services are evaluated to determine if such options provide a material right to the customer that it would not have otherwise received without entering into the contract. If so, the option is accounted for as a separate performance obligation. If not, the option is considered a marketing offer which is accounted for as a separate contract upon the customer’s election of the option.
At contract inception, the Company determines the transaction price, including fixed consideration and any estimated amounts of variable consideration. Any upfront cash payment received upon consummation of the contract is fixed and generally nonrefundable. Variable consideration is subject to a constraint, and amounts are included in the transaction price to the extent that it is probable that a significant reversal in the amount of cumulative revenue recognized will not occur. This is attained when the uncertainty associated with the variable consideration is subsequently resolved. Variable consideration may include reimbursement for costs incurred for the Company’s research and development efforts, milestone payments upon the achievement of certain technical and/or commercial criteria, and royalties on sales of products from or comprising engineered organisms arising from the contract. With respect to the research and development reimbursements and milestone payments, the Company uses the most likely amount method to estimate variable consideration. Milestone payments are generally not included in the transaction price until the milestone is achieved.
Certain agreements include payment in the form of equity securities or other financial instruments that convert into equity upon a triggering event. Any non-cash consideration is measured at its estimated fair value at contract inception. For equity securities and financial instruments that are not actively traded, the estimated fair value is generally determined by referencing a recent financing round or utilizing a scenario-based valuation model. Significant unobservable inputs are used in these valuations, including expectations regarding future financings of the customer, scenario dates and probabilities, expected volatility, discount rates, and recovery rates. Changes in these assumptions can materially affect the fair value of the non-cash consideration and, consequently, the total revenue recognized for the contract. The Company did not have material non-cash consideration included in contracts entered into during the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024, but does continue to recognize non-cash revenue from contracts originating in prior periods.
For agreements with promises that are combined into a single performance obligation, the entire transaction price is allocated to the single performance obligation. For agreements with multiple performance obligations, the transaction price is allocated to the performance obligations using the relative standalone selling price methodology. For agreements featuring variable consideration, the Company allocates variable consideration to one or more, but not all, performance obligations if certain conditions are met. Specifically, the Company assesses whether the variable consideration relates solely to its efforts to satisfy the performance obligation and whether allocating such variable consideration entirely to the performance obligation is consistent with the overall allocation objective. If these conditions are not met, the Company allocates the variable consideration based on the relative standalone selling price methodology. The key assumptions utilized in determining the standalone selling price for each performance obligation include development timelines, estimated research and development costs, commercial markets, likelihood of exercise (in the case of options considered to be material rights), and probabilities of success.
For agreements where licenses or assignments are considered separate performance obligations or represent the only performance obligation, the Company recognizes revenue at the point in time when the license is effectively granted, as the licenses or assignments represent functional intellectual property. For agreements where licenses and research and development services are combined into a single performance obligation, the Company recognizes revenue over the performance period using the cost-to-cost method. This method measures progress based on the ratio of costs incurred to date to total estimated costs, as it best reflects the transfer of control to the customer for obligations satisfied over time. For automation sales the Company typically recognizes revenue at a point in time at which the hardware has been installed and passed acceptance testing at the customer site. The ongoing support services are recognized over time on a straight line basis over the related support period.
The Company evaluates its measure of progress to recognize revenue at each reporting period and, as necessary, adjusts the measure of progress and related revenue recognition. The Company’s measure of progress and revenue recognition involves significant judgment and assumptions, including, but not limited to, estimated costs to complete its performance obligations. The Company evaluates contract modifications and amendments to determine whether any changes should be accounted for prospectively or on a cumulative catch-up basis. The Company utilizes the right to invoice practical expedient when it has a right to consideration in an amount that corresponds directly with the value of the Company’s performance to date.
Royalties are recognized as revenue when (or as) the later of the sales occurrence or the satisfaction (or partial satisfaction) of the related performance obligation. The Company has determined that applying this exception is appropriate when the license granted in the contract is the predominant item to which the royalties relate.
As the Company receives upfront payments for technical services under certain of its arrangements, the Company evaluates whether any significant financing components exist given the term over which the fees will be earned may exceed one year. Based on the nature of the Company’s agreements, there are no significant financing components as the purpose of the upfront payment is not to provide financing, but rather to secure technical services, exclusivity rights, and Foundry capacity, or the timing of transfer of those goods or services is at the discretion of the customer.
Deferred revenue represents consideration received by the Company in excess of revenue recognized and primarily results from transactions where the Company receives upfront cash payments or non-cash equity consideration. In instances where the Company has received consideration in advance for an undefined number of technical development plans (“TDPs”) under its customer agreements, the Company records the advance payments as deferred revenue, net of current portion on the consolidated balance sheet. Upon the execution of a specific TDP, the Company reclassifies the estimated consideration to be earned under that TDP within the next twelve months as current deferred revenue. The Company also classifies unexercised material rights related to future TDPs as deferred revenue, net of current portion on the consolidated balance
sheet. When a TDP is executed, and the material right is exercised, the amount allocated to the material right, which will be earned within the next twelve months, is reclassified to current deferred revenue. All other deferred revenue is classified as current or non-current based on the timing of when the Company expects to earn the underlying revenue based upon the projected progress of activities under the TDP.
Through December 31, 2025 any costs to obtain contracts with customers were immaterial.
Biosecurity Revenue
The Company generates Biosecurity revenue through its biomonitoring and bioinformatics services provided to both government and non-government customers through the Company's two core offerings: Canopy and Horizon.
Prior to 2024, product revenue consisted of sales of lateral flow assay (“LFA”) diagnostic test kits, polymerase chain reaction (“PCR”) sample collection kits, and pooled test kits, which the Company sold to customers on a standalone basis. Product revenue was billed and recognized when the test kits were shipped, and risk of loss was transferred to the carrier. The Company’s test kits were generally not subject to a customer right of return except for product recalls under the rules and regulations of the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (“FDA”). The Company included shipping and handling fees billed to customers as a component of Biosecurity revenue.
Biosecurity service revenue generally consists of various biomonitoring and bioinformatics services including, but not limited to, sample collection, sample storage and transportation, outsourced laboratory analysis, access to results reported through a web-based portal, analytical reporting of results, and overall program management. The various services are generally combined into one performance obligation as they are either not distinct or have substantially the same pattern of transfer to the customer. Service revenue is generally recognized over time using the time elapsed method as the related services are performed, which best depicts the pattern of transfer to the customer.
The Company’s contracts with customers are generally three years or less in length and contain a fixed amount of consideration. Under typical payment terms for testing services, amounts are billed monthly in arrears for services performed or in advance based on contractual billing terms.
Options to acquire additional services are evaluated to determine whether they provide the customer with a material right that it would not have otherwise received without entering into the contract. If so, the option is accounted for as a separate performance obligation. If not, the option is considered a marketing offer, and upon the customer's election of the option, it is accounted for as a separate contract.
Cost of Biosecurity Revenue
The cost of Biosecurity service revenue consists of costs related to the Company's biomonitoring and bioinformatics services. This includes costs incurred for sample collection equipment, services and materials, outsourced laboratory analysis, access to results reported through a proprietary web-based portal, and reporting of results to public authorities. Additionally, the cost of Biosecurity service revenue includes direct labor cost associated with bioinformatics, lab network management, delivery logistics, and customer support. Prior to 2024, cost of Biosecurity product revenue consisted of costs associated with the sale of diagnostic and sample collection test kits, which included costs incurred to purchase test kits from third parties.
Cost of Other Revenue
Cost of other revenue consists of costs related to the Company's Cell Engineering tools offerings, including Datapoints and lab automation solutions. Such costs primarily include hardware, software, materials and labor. Costs related to the Company’s end-to-end cell engineering solutions offering in which the Company retains rights to intellectual property are included in research and development expenses.
Research and Development Costs
Research and development costs are expensed as incurred. Research and development costs consist of direct and indirect internal costs related to specific projects and initiatives, acquired intellectual property deemed to be in-process research and development, as well as fees paid to other entities that conduct certain research and development activities on the Company’s behalf.
Patent Costs
The Company expenses all costs as incurred in connection with the filing, prosecution, maintenance, defense, and enforcement of patent applications, including direct application fees and related legal and consulting expenses. Patent costs are included in general and administrative expenses within the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss.
Stock-Based Compensation
The Company measures and recognizes compensation expense for all stock-based awards based on estimated grant-date fair values recognized over the requisite service period. For awards that vest solely based on a service condition, the Company recognizes compensation expense on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period. For awards that vest based on multiple conditions, the Company recognizes compensation expense using the accelerated attribution method on a tranche-by-tranche basis over the requisite service period such that the amount of compensation expense recognized at each reporting period is at least equal to the vested tranches at that date. For awards with a performance-based vesting condition, the Company recognizes stock-based compensation when achievement of the performance condition is deemed probable. Upon achieving a performance condition that was not previously considered as probable, the Company records a cumulative catch-up adjustment to reflect the portion of the grantee’s requisite service that has been provided to date. For awards with market conditions, the compensation expense recognized over the requisite service period is not reversed if the market condition is not satisfied. The Company recognizes forfeitures as they occur.
The Company estimates the grant date fair value of stock options using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model, inclusive of assumptions for expected term, expected volatility, risk-free interest rate and expected dividend yield. The expected term is determined using the “simplified” method, which estimates the expected term as the average of the vesting term plus the contractual term. The Company uses the “simplified” method as it does not have sufficient historical data regarding employee exercise behavior. Expected volatility is based on the historical volatility of the Company's Class A common stock. The risk-free interest rate is based on the yield available on U.S. Treasury zero-coupon issues similar in duration to the expected term of the stock options. The Company has not paid, and does not expect to pay, dividends in the foreseeable future.
For awards with market conditions, the Company recognizes stock-based compensation based on the estimated grant-date fair value of the awards, determined using a Monte Carlo simulation model. This model incorporates assumptions for expected stock price volatility, risk-free interest rates, expected term, and expected dividend yield. Volatility is estimated using either the historical volatility of the Company’s Class A common stock or a weighted average of its own historical volatility and the historical volatility of selected comparable publicly traded companies, particularly for awards granted when there was limited trading history for the Company’s Class A common stock. The risk-free interest rate is derived from the yield on U.S. Treasury zero-coupon securities with a duration similar to the expected term of the awards. The expected term equals the contractual term, and a dividend yield of zero is assumed.
Income Taxes
The Company accounts for income taxes using the asset and liability method, which requires the recognition of deferred tax assets and liabilities for the expected future tax consequences of events that have been recognized in the consolidated financial statements or in the Company’s tax returns. Under this method, deferred tax assets and liabilities are determined based on differences between the financial statement carrying amounts and the tax bases of the assets and liabilities using the enacted tax rates in effect in the years in which the differences are expected to reverse. A valuation allowance against deferred tax assets is recorded if, based on the weight of the available evidence, it is more likely than not that some or all of the deferred tax assets will not be realized. Potential for recovery of deferred tax assets is evaluated by considering several factors, including estimating the future taxable profits expected, estimating future reversals of existing taxable temporary differences, considering taxable profits in carryback periods, and considering prudent and feasible tax planning strategies.
The Company accounts for uncertain tax positions using a more-likely-than-not threshold for recognizing and resolving uncertain tax positions. The evaluation of uncertain tax positions is based on factors including, but not limited to, changes in the law, the measurement of tax positions taken or expected to be taken in tax returns, the effective settlement of matters subject to audit, new audit activity, and changes in facts or circumstances related to a tax position. The Company evaluates uncertain tax positions on an annual basis and adjusts the level of the liability to reflect any subsequent changes in the relevant facts surrounding the uncertain positions. The Company accounts for interest and penalties related to uncertain tax positions as part of its provision for income taxes. As of December 31, 2025 and 2024, the Company did not have any uncertain tax positions.
On July 4, 2025, a budget and reconciliation package known as the One Big Beautiful Bill Act (“OBBBA”) was signed into law in the United States. Among other provisions, the OBBBA amends U.S. tax law including the permanent extension of certain expiring provisions of the 2017 Tax Cuts and Jobs Act, modifications to the international tax framework and the restoration of favorable tax treatment for certain business provisions. The OBBBA did not have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements or related disclosures.
Comprehensive Loss
Comprehensive loss is defined as the change in equity during a period from transactions and other events and circumstances from non-owner sources. Other comprehensive loss consists of foreign currency translation adjustments and unrealized gains on available-for-sale securities.
Net Loss per Share
The Company computes basic net loss per share by dividing the net loss attributable to Ginkgo Bioworks Holdings, Inc. common stockholders by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the period. For the purposes of the net loss per share calculation, the Company has combined Class A common stock, Class B common stock, and Class C common stock, as all classes of common stock are legally entitled to equal per-share distributions, whether through dividends or liquidation.
Diluted net loss per share is computed using the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the period, increased to include the effect of dilutive potential common shares, such as outstanding stock options, unvested restricted stock awards, unvested restricted stock units, warrants, and contingently issued shares. Dilutive securities are excluded from the calculation of diluted weighted average common shares outstanding if their effect would be anti-dilutive under the treasury stock method.
Recent Accounting Pronouncements
Recently Adopted Accounting Pronouncements
In December 2023, the FASB issued ASU No. 2023-09, Income Taxes (Topic 740), which focuses on improvements to income tax disclosures primarily related to the rate reconciliation and income taxes paid information. The amendments in this ASU require that public business entities on an annual basis (1) disclose specific categories in the tabular rate reconciliation, using both percentages and reporting currency amounts, and (2) provide additional information for reconciling items that meet a quantitative threshold. In addition, all entities are required to disclose income taxes paid, net of refunds received disaggregated by federal, state/local, and foreign and by jurisdiction if the amount is at least 5% of total income tax payments, net of refunds received. The amendments should be applied on a prospective basis, with retrospective application permitted. The Company adopted this standard on January 1, 2025 using the prospective method. The adoption did not have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements or related disclosures.
Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements
In November 2024, the FASB issued ASU No. 2024-03, Income Statement - Reporting Comprehensive Income - Expense Disaggregation Disclosures (Subtopic 220-40): Disaggregation of Income Statement Expenses. This ASU requires public business entities to disaggregate, on both an interim and annual basis, each relevant expense caption presented on the face of the income statement into specific expense categories. Additionally, entities are required to provide a qualitative description of amounts remaining in relevant expense captions that are not separately disaggregated quantitatively, as well as disclosure of the total amount of selling expenses and, in annual reporting periods, an entity's definition of selling expenses. The amendments in this ASU are effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2026, and interim reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2027. Early adoption is permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the impact that this ASU will have on its disclosures in the consolidated financial statements.
v3.25.4
Restructuring
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2025
Restructuring and Related Activities [Abstract]  
Restructuring Restructuring
In the second quarter of 2024, in connection with the Company’s plans to reduce operational expenditures, management, with the approval of the Board of Directors, approved and commenced a restructuring plan. This plan includes a reduction in labor expenses, primarily through a workforce reduction of more than 50%, and the consolidation and subleasing of certain facilities. Initial workforce reductions commenced in June 2024 and continued throughout 2025. All reductions were substantially complete in 2025. The Company has consolidated certain facilities through various actions, including
combining office and laboratory operations into fewer locations, subleasing unused or underutilized facilities, and has taken or plans to take other related measures, such as the sale of its subsidiary, Altar, in the third quarter of 2024 (see Note 4). While the Company completed the majority of its facility consolidation actions in 2025 we continue to look for opportunities for subleasing unused or underutilized facilities, which will extend beyond 2026 or may not occur prior to termination of such lease, depending on market conditions. Additionally, restructuring expenses related to potential asset impairments or contract amendments or terminations for any facilities no longer in use or underutilized could be material.

The costs for the reduction in force are expected to range from $31.0 million to $32.0 million primarily in the Cell Engineering segment and consist of cash severance and related costs. The employee termination costs are recognized as of the communication date to employees, given (i) the Company instituted a one-time employee termination benefit related to its restructuring, and (ii) the employees will not be retained to render service beyond a minimum retention period. The Company is currently unable to estimate the costs associated with consolidating its facilities. These costs may include, but are not limited to, losses on subleases, contract terminations, asset impairments, sale or disposal of equipment or other long-lived assets, and related costs and fees pertaining to the consolidation, closure, or disposition of facilities. Additional charges may be incurred as the Company progresses its restructuring plan and such charges could be material.
The following table presents restructuring costs incurred during the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024, which are recorded as “Restructuring charges” in the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss (in thousands):    
    
Year Ended December 31,
20252024
Employee termination costs and other$11,398 $19,349 
Impairment of right-of-use asset (1)— 4,823 
Total restructuring$11,398 $24,172 
(1) Relates to the sublease of a facility in connection with the restructuring and reflects the excess of the right-of-use asset's carrying value over its fair value, which was determined based on estimates of future discounted cash flows and is classified as Level 3 in the fair value hierarchy.
Additionally, the Company recorded a $7.0 million loss on the sale and deconsolidation of Altar as a component of other income (expense) in the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss for year ended December 31, 2024.
The following table presents the change in the accrued liability balance related to the restructuring activities, which is included in “Accounts payable” and “Accrued expenses and other current liabilities” in the accompanying consolidated balance sheet as of December 31, 2025 (in thousands):
Employee Termination Costs and Other
Liability balance at December 31, 2024$2,854 
Expenses incurred11,398 
Cash payments(11,651)
Liability balance at December 31, 2025$2,601 
v3.25.4
Acquisitions and Divestitures
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2025
Business Combination [Abstract]  
Acquisitions and Divestitures Acquisitions and Divestitures
2024 AgBiome Acquisition
On April 10, 2024, the Company acquired certain platform assets, including fully sequenced and isolated strains, unique gene sequences, relevant functional data and metadata, and a development pipeline from AgBiome, Inc. (“AgBiome”), a biotechnology company in the agriculture industry. These assets expanded the Company’s proprietary unified metagenomics database. The fair value of the consideration transferred totaled $18.2 million and was paid with the issuance of 407,240 shares of Ginkgo's Class A common stock. The Company accounted for the transaction as an asset
acquisition since substantially all of the value received was concentrated in the acquired developed technology, which is being amortized over a useful life of three years.
2024 Other Asset Acquisitions
The Company completed three other asset acquisitions during the year ended December 31, 2024. The aggregate purchase price for the three acquisitions was $19.8 million and was paid with the issuance of 394,799 shares of Ginkgo’s Class A common stock. Each transaction was accounted for as an asset acquisition as the acquired assets, consisting primarily of intellectual property rights, did not meet the definition of a business. The assets acquired represent in-process research and development with no alternative future use. Accordingly, the Company recorded $19.8 million as acquired in-process research and development expense in the accompanying consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss for the year ended December 31, 2024.
2023 StrideBio Acquisition
On April 5, 2023, the Company entered into an Asset Purchase Agreement (“APA”) with StrideBio, Inc. (“StrideBio”) to acquire StrideBio’s adeno-associated virus capsid discovery and engineering platform assets, with a secondary closing contingent upon the transfer of certain additional in-license agreements to Ginkgo. The secondary closing was finalized in October 2023. The Company accounted for the transaction as an asset acquisition as substantially all of the fair value of the assets acquired was concentrated in a single identifiable asset. The fair value of the consideration transferred totaled $7.6 million and consisted of 119,278 shares of Ginkgo’s Class A common stock valued at $6.8 million and a $0.8 million contingent holdback, all of which was expensed as in-process research and development during the year ended December 31, 2023. On May 9, 2025, we issued a total of 102,922 shares of our Class A common stock to StrideBio, Inc., in settlement of the $0.8 million contingent holdback amount. The APA, as amended, also provides for royalty payments of up to $21.3 million as described in Note 12.
2023 Zymergen Bankruptcy and Deconsolidation
On October 3, 2023, the Company’s former subsidiary, Zymergen, Inc. (“Zymergen”), and certain of its subsidiaries filed voluntary petitions for relief under Chapter 11 of the United States Bankruptcy Code (the “Zymergen Bankruptcy”) in the U.S. Bankruptcy Court for the District of Delaware (“Bankruptcy Court”). Neither the Company nor any of its other subsidiaries filed for bankruptcy protection. Zymergen had been operated as a distinct legal entity, separate and apart from the Company, since it was acquired in October 2022. Shortly after its acquisition, the Company entered into a non-exclusive license with Zymergen with respect to Zymergen’s intellectual property, including its databases, automation, and software capabilities.
In connection with the Zymergen Bankruptcy, also on October 3, 2023, the Company entered into an asset purchase agreement with Zymergen (the “Zymergen APA”) as the stalking horse bidder under Section 363 of the U.S. Bankruptcy Code to acquire exclusive rights to substantially all of Zymergen’s intellectual property assets and certain other assets. The Company’s bid included a $6.2 million cash component, assumption of a facility lease (previously included in the Company's consolidated financial statements prior to Zymergen's deconsolidation discussed below), and acquiring Zymergen's workforce. On December 14, 2023, Zymergen concluded its auction. On December 21, 2023, the Bankruptcy Court approved the sale of substantially all of Zymergen’s assets to the Company through certain of the Company's affiliates as contemplated by the Zymergen APA.
While as of December 31, 2023, Zymergen remained a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Company, as a result of the bankruptcy proceedings, the Company no longer had a controlling financial interest over Zymergen as defined under ASC 810, Consolidation, and therefore deconsolidated Zymergen’s financial position as of October 2, 2023. The deconsolidation included the derecognition of the carrying amounts of Zymergen’s consolidated assets and liabilities that were previously included in the Company’s consolidated financial statements. Upon deconsolidation, the Company recorded a loss of $42.5 million, representing the remaining net book value of the Company’s investment that was reduced to a fair value of zero. Subsequent to the deconsolidation, the Company accounted for its investment in Zymergen using the cost method of accounting, which was recorded at zero in the Company’s consolidated balance sheet as of December 31, 2023. Zymergen’s results of operations were removed from the Company’s consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss beginning October 3, 2023. The historical financial results for Zymergen have not been classified as a
discontinued operation because it does not represent a strategic shift with a major effect on the Company's operations and financial results.
The following table presents Zymergen’s consolidated assets and liabilities which have been deconsolidated from the Company's consolidated balance sheet as of October 2, 2023. The amounts presented are before the elimination of intercompany balances.

October 2, 2023
Assets
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents$34,321 
Accounts receivable, net11,047 
Prepaid expenses and other current assets11,190 
Total current assets56,558 
Property, plant and equipment, net8,938 
Operating lease right-of-use assets135,800 
Intangible assets, net16,679 
Goodwill10,660 
Other non-current assets19,486 
Total assets248,121 
Liabilities
Current liabilities:
Deferred revenue730 
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities20,426 
Total current liabilities21,156 
Non-current liabilities:
Operating lease liabilities, non-current184,301 
Other non-current liabilities172 
Total liabilities205,629 
Net assets deconsolidated$42,492 
The following table presents Zymergen’s results of operations for the periods presented, included in the Company's consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss prior to the elimination of intercompany balances.
Period from January 1, 2023 - October 2, 2023
Total revenue$8,370 
Total operating expenses200,975 
Loss from operations(192,605)
Total other income, net23,620 
Loss before income taxes(168,985)
Income tax provision14 
Net loss$(168,999)
Related Party Transactions
Prior to the deconsolidation, the Company had an existing employee leasing arrangement with Zymergen. The employee leasing charges were considered intercompany transactions and were eliminated in the Company's consolidated financial statements. As of the deconsolidation date, the employee leasing charges were considered related party transactions and
have been recognized in the Company's consolidated financial statements. Employee lease expense totaled $4.9 million for the period from October 3, 2023 to December 31, 2023, and was immaterial during fiscal 2024. The Company had $1.7 million due to Zymergen as of December 31, 2023, included in accrued expenses and other current liabilities on the balance sheet. This amount was subsequently paid in fiscal 2024.
2024 Zymergen Acquisition
On January 18, 2024, the Company, through certain of its affiliates, completed its acquisition of substantially all of Zymergen’s assets under the Zymergen APA, including offering employment to 91 of Zymergen’s employees. On February 5, 2024, Zymergen’s plan of liquidation was confirmed by the Bankruptcy Court. All of the Company’s interests in the Zymergen entities were extinguished and terminated as of February 23, 2024. The acquisition under the Zymergen APA was accounted for as a business combination in accordance with ASC 805, Business Combinations, and was not material to the Company's consolidated financial statements. The total cash purchase price was $6.2 million, with $5.4 million paid at closing and $0.8 million released from escrow. The allocation of the purchase price to the assets acquired and liabilities assumed as of the acquisition date primarily includes $19.9 million of operating lease right-of-use assets, $6.0 million of property and equipment, and $19.9 million of operating lease liabilities. No goodwill or intangible assets were recognized. Transaction costs associated with the Zymergen APA were not material for the year ended December 31, 2024.
2024 Altar Divestiture
On September 30, 2024, the Company sold the equity interests of Altar for a nominal amount. As a result of the sale, the Company deconsolidated all of Altar's assets and liabilities from its consolidated financial statements effective September 30, 2024, and recognized a loss on deconsolidation of $7.0 million in the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss for the year ended December 31, 2024. The loss on deconsolidation includes a $1.5 million reclassification of accumulated currency translation adjustments to earnings. The sale did not meet the criteria to be reported as a discontinued operation.
v3.25.4
Fair Value Measurements
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2025
Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract]  
Fair Value Measurements Fair Value Measurements
The following tables present information about the Company’s financial assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis (in thousands):
December 31, 2025
TotalLevel 1Level 2Level 3
Assets:
Cash and cash equivalents:
Money market funds$146,136 $146,136 $— $— 
Marketable securities:
Commercial paper4,060 — 4,060 — 
U.S. Treasury securities118,038 118,038 — — 
Corporate bonds114,666 — 114,666 — 
Marketable equity securities18,654 18,654 — — 
Investments:
Synlogic, Inc. warrants (1)
190 — 190 — 
Marketable equity securities1,562 1,562 — — 
Other non-current assets:
Notes receivable7,126 — — 7,126 
Total assets$410,432 $284,390 $118,916 $7,126 
Liabilities:
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities:
Contingent consideration$5,438 $— $— $5,438 
Other non-current liabilities:
Contingent consideration252 — — 252 
Total liabilities$5,690 $— $— $5,690 

December 31, 2024
TotalLevel 1Level 2Level 3
Assets:
Cash and cash equivalents:
Money market funds$521,457 $521,457 $— $— 
Investments:
Synlogic, Inc. warrants (1)
238 — 238 — 
Marketable equity securities17,559 17,559 — — 
Other non-current assets:
Notes receivable14,170 — 12,327 1,843 
Total assets$553,424 $539,016 $12,565 $1,843 
Liabilities:
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities:
Contingent consideration$5,438 $— $— 5,438 
Other non-current liabilities:
Contingent consideration4,484 — — 4,484 
Total liabilities$9,922 $— $— $9,922 
(1)The fair value of Synlogic, Inc. warrants is calculated as the quoted price of the underlying common stock, less the unpaid exercise price of the warrants.
Transfers to and from Levels 1, 2 and 3 are recognized at the end of the reporting period in which a change in valuation technique or methodology occurs. In 2025 and 2024, transfers from Level 2 to Level 1 occurred due to lapse of regulatory
sales restrictions on marketable equity securities. During 2025, transfers into Level 3 consisted of a note receivable that was transferred from Level 2 to Level 3 upon a change in valuation technique. Additionally, in 2024, a portion of the Private Placement Warrants' estimated fair value was transferred from Level 3 to Level 2 as a result of the Private Placement Warrants having substantially the same terms as the Public Warrants when transferred to anyone other than the initial purchasers or their permitted transferees, leading the Company to determine their fair value to be equivalent to that of the Public Warrants. There were no other transfers between Levels 1, 2, or 3 during 2025 or 2024.
The table below provides a reconciliation of the beginning and ending balances for assets and liabilities measured at fair value using Level 3 significant unobservable inputs for the years ended December 31 (in thousands):
 Notes ReceivablePrivate Placement WarrantsContingent Consideration
Balance at January 1, 2025$1,843 $— $9,922 
Additions159 — — 
Change in fair value(350)— (4,232)
Settlements and payments(50)— — 
Transfers into Level 36,987 — — 
Conversion to preferred stock(1,463)— — 
Balance at December 31, 2025$7,126 $— $5,690 
Balance at January 1, 2024$14,129 $1,846 $24,273 
Additions1,407 — — 
Change in fair value(3,217)(1,697)3,214 
Settlements and payments— — (17,565)
Transfers to Level 2— (149)— 
Conversion to common stock(10,476)— — 
Balance at December 31, 2024$1,843 $— $9,922 
Notes Receivable
For all of its notes receivable, the Company has elected the fair value option, for which changes in fair value are recorded in other (expense) income, net in the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss.
As of December 31, 2025 and 2024, the Company's notes receivable includes a senior secured note in the original principal amount of $11.8 million, issued by Bolt Threads, Inc. (“Bolt Threads”), which bears interest at 12% per annum, is due December 31, 2027, and is included in other non-current assets at its estimated fair value. The Company used a discounted cash flow model to estimate the fair value of the senior secured note, incorporating significant unobservable inputs such as the recovery rate, a risk-adjusted discount rate, and a potential settlement scenario. These inputs reflect the Company’s own assumptions and was reclassified as a Level 3 measurement within the fair value hierarchy during the year ended December 31, 2025.
The Company also holds a series of convertible debt instruments issued by customers as payment for Cell Engineering services. The Company used a scenario-based method to value the convertible debt instruments issued by customers and by Bolt Threads prior to conversion. Under this method, future cash flows are evaluated under various payoff scenarios, probability-weighted, and discounted to present value. The significant unobservable (Level 3) inputs used in the fair value measurement as of December 31, 2025 included scenario probabilities ranging from 5% to 45%, a discount rate of 15.5% and estimated time to event date of up to 5 months. The significant unobservable (Level 3) inputs used in the fair value measurement as of December 31, 2024 included scenario probabilities ranging from 5% to 45%, a discount rate of 15.5% and estimated time to event date of up to two years. Significant changes in these inputs could have resulted in a significantly lower or higher fair value measurement. As of December 31, 2025, the convertible debt instruments had an unpaid principal balance of $9.7 million and a fair value of $0.5 million. As of December 31, 2024, the convertible debt instruments had an unpaid principal balance of $13.2 million and a fair value of $1.8 million.
During the year ended December 31, 2025, $1.5 million in principal related to a convertible note issued by a customer was converted into 10,564 shares of the entity's preferred stock, which, as a new private company investment, has been classified as an investment on the balance sheet as of December 31, 2025.
Warrant Liabilities
In connection with the Company's merger with Soaring Eagle Acquisition Corp. (“SRNG”) on September 16, 2021 (“SRNG Business Combination”), the Company assumed 34.5 million warrants (formerly traded on the New York Stock Exchange (the “NYSE,” and such warrants, the “Public Warrants”) and 17.3 million private placement warrants (the “Private Placement Warrants”, and together with the Public Warrants, the “Warrants”), which were initially issued in connection with SRNG’s initial public offering. The number of outstanding Warrants did not change as a result of the Reverse Stock Split. However, each Warrant equals one-fortieth (1/40) of one share of Class A common stock (a minimum of 40 Warrants must be exercised for one share of Class A common stock) following the Reverse Stock Split.
The fair value of the Public Warrants was based on their observable quoted price on the NYSE. However, the Public Warrants were delisted by the NYSE on September 4, 2024, due to abnormally low selling price levels, and subsequently began trading on the over-the-counter markets. As of December 31, 2025 and 2024, the Company determined that the Public Warrants had no value.
The Private Placement Warrants are identical to the Public Warrants, except that they are exercisable on a cashless basis and are non-redeemable as long as they are held by the initial purchasers or their permitted transferees. As of December 31, 2025, the Company concluded that the difference between the fair values of the Public Warrants and Private Placement Warrants was de minimis. Therefore, the Private Placement Warrants were measured by reference to the value of the Public Warrants and had no value.
Contingent Consideration
In connection with various business acquisitions, the Company is required to make contingent earnout payments payable upon the achievement of certain technical, commercial and/or performance milestones. The Company also issued restricted stock in connection with acquisitions, which is subject to vesting conditions and is classified as contingent consideration liability.
The Company can settle a majority of its contingent consideration liabilities in cash or shares of Class A common stock at the Company’s election with the remainder payable in cash. During the year ended December 31, 2025, no contingent consideration liabilities were settled. During the year ended December 31, 2024, the Company settled $17.6 million in contingent consideration liabilities through payment of $2.8 million in cash and vesting of 1,413,909 shares of restricted stock valued at $14.7 million.
The fair value of contingent consideration related to earnout payments from acquisitions was estimated using unobservable (Level 3) inputs as illustrated in the table below. The fair value of contingent consideration related to restricted stock was estimated using the quoted price of Ginkgo's Class A common stock, an estimate of the number of shares expected to vest, probability of vesting, and a discount rate. Material increases or decreases in these inputs could result in a higher or lower fair value measurement. Changes in the fair value of contingent consideration are recorded in general and administrative expense in the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss.
The following table provides quantitative information regarding Level 3 inputs used in the fair value measurements of contingent consideration liabilities as of the periods presented:
Contingent Consideration LiabilityValuation TechniqueUnobservable InputDecember 31, 2025
Range		December 31, 2024
Range
Earnout payments (FGen and Dutch DNA acquisitions)Probability-weighted present valueProbability of payment
5% - 10%
5% - 50%
Discount rate14.9 %
9.3%
Earnout payments (Dutch DNA acquisition) (1)
Discounted cash flowProjected years of payments
2028-2031
Discount rate10.6 %
(1) During the year ended December 31, 2025, all Dutch DNA milestones valued using the discounted cash flow method were reduced to zero due to the termination of a customer agreement to which those milestones were tied.
Nonrecurring Fair Value Measurements
The Company measures the fair value of certain assets, including investments in privately held companies without readily determinable fair values, on a nonrecurring basis when events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of the assets may not be recoverable, or when observable price changes occur for identical or similar securities from the same issuer.
The fair value of non-marketable equity securities is classified as Level 3 within the fair value hierarchy when the Company estimates fair value using unobservable inputs to measure an impairment loss. It is classified as Level 2 when fair value is estimated using the observable transaction price paid by third-party investors for an identical or similar security of the same issuer.
Investment Impairments
During the year ended December 31, 2025, the Company recorded a $2.7 million downward adjustment from an observable price change related to one of its investments in non-marketable equity securities. Additionally, during the year ended December 31, 2025, the Company recorded an impairment of $1.8 million due to a significant deterioration in the liquidity of one of its investments in non-marketable equity securities.
During the years ended December 31, 2024, and 2023, the Company recorded impairment losses of $11.9 million, and $33.0 million, respectively, related to its investment in Genomatica preferred stock. The fair value estimates used to determine the impairment charges in 2023 were derived using the guideline public company method under the market approach. Significant unobservable (Level 3) inputs included estimated annual net cash flows (including revenue and expense growth rates and capitalization rates), the weighted-average cost of capital used to discount future cash flows, and the selection of guideline public company multiples for revenue and EBITDA. Material increases or decreases in these inputs could result in higher or lower fair value measurements. As of December 31, 2024, the Company determined that the investment had substantially no value.
During the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, the Company recorded impairment losses of $1.7 million and $8.3 million, respectively, related to an investment in the preferred stock of a privately held company. The fair value as of December 31, 2023 was determined by deriving the investee’s equity value from a 2021 financing transaction involving its own securities and applying an 87% downward market adjustment to the implied equity value. The equity value was then allocated to the different classes of the securities of the investee using the option-pricing model (“OPM”). The OPM involves making assumptions around the investees’ expected time to liquidity and volatility derived from selected guideline public companies. These assumptions are considered Level 3 inputs. As of December 31, 2024, the Company determined that the investment had substantially no value.
SAFEs
During the year ended December 31, 2023, the Company received a total purchase amount of $11.0 million in SAFEs from customers as prepayment for Cell Engineering services. The Company used a scenario-based method to value the SAFEs as of each contract inception date, which resulted in total fair value of $4.5 million for SAFEs received during the year ended December 31, 2023. Under the scenario-based method, future cash flows were evaluated under qualified financing and dissolution scenarios with partial recovery and no recovery in dissolution. The cash flows under each scenario were probability-weighted and discounted to present value. The significant unobservable (Level 3) inputs used in the fair value measurement at contract inception during 2023 were scenario probabilities in the range of 20% to 60%, a discount rate of 14% and estimated time to event date of one to two years.
During the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024, the Company recorded impairment losses of $14.5 million and $7.2 million, respectively, related to SAFEs. The fair values were generally estimated using the scenario-based method, where various payout scenarios were probability-weighted and discounted to present value.
Additionally, during the years ended December 31, 2024, the Company recorded an impairments of lab equipment, construction in progress assets, and assets related to an operating lease. Refer to Note 11 for additional detail.
v3.25.4
Marketable Securities
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2025
Investments, Debt and Equity Securities [Abstract]  
Marketable Securities Marketable Securities
Investments in marketable securities, including those classified in cash and cash equivalents, are summarized as follows (in thousands):
December 31, 2025
Amortized CostUnrealized GainsUnrealized LossesFair Value
U.S. Treasury securities$117,919 $171 $(52)$118,038 
Corporate bonds114,640 147 (121)114,666 
Commercial paper4,079 — (19)4,060 
Marketable equity securities— — — 18,654 
Total marketable securities$236,638 $318 $(192)$255,418 
The amortized cost and estimated fair value of marketable debt securities are summarized below by contractual maturity dates (in thousands):
December 31, 2025
Amortized costFair value
Due within one year$205,540 $205,617 
Due after one year through five years31,098 31,147 
v3.25.4
Investments and Equity Method Investments
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2025
Equity Method Investments and Joint Ventures [Abstract]  
Investments and Equity Method Investments Investments and Equity Method Investments
The Company has partnered with other investors to form business ventures, including Motif FoodWorks, Inc. (“Motif”), Allonnia, LLC (“Allonnia”), Arcaea, LLC (“Arcaea”), Verb Biotics, LLC (“Verb Biotics”), BiomEdit, LLC (“BiomEdit”) and Ayana Bio, LLC (“Ayana Bio”) (collectively “Platform Ventures”). The Company has also partnered with existing entities, including Genomatica, Inc. (“Genomatica”) and Synlogic, Inc. (“Synlogic”) (collectively, “Legacy Structured Partnerships”) with complementary assets for synthetic biology applications. The Company holds equity interests in these Platform Ventures and Legacy Structured Partnerships. The Company also holds equity interests in other public and private companies as a result of entering into collaboration and license revenue arrangements with these entities.
The Company accounts for its investments in Platform Ventures under the equity method. The Company's marketable equity securities consist of Synlogic common stock, Synlogic warrants and the shares of common stock of other publicly traded companies. Marketable equity securities are measured at fair value with changes in fair value recorded in other income (expense) in the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss. The Company’s non-marketable equity securities consist of preferred stock of Genomatica and preferred and common stock of other privately held companies without readily determinable fair values. Non-marketable equity securities are initially recorded using the measurement alternative at cost and subsequently adjusted for any impairment and observable price changes in orderly transactions for the identical or a similar security of the same issuer. Impairment losses and adjustments from observable price changes are recorded in loss on investments in the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss.
The Company also holds investments in early-stage synthetic biology product companies via SAFEs. The Company entered into SAFE agreements in conjunction with a revenue contract with a customer under which the Company grants the customer a prepaid Cell Engineering services credit equal to the principal amount of the SAFE (the “Purchase Amount”), which may be used and drawn down as payment for the Company’s research and development services. The SAFEs will automatically convert into shares of preferred stock equal to the Purchase Amount divided by the discount price, which is calculated as the price per share sold in a qualified equity financing multiplied by a discount rate. The SAFEs also provide the Company with the right to future equity of the entity in a liquidation scenario or the cash-out amount in liquidation and dissolution scenarios or at the election of the SAFE issuer prior to an agreed outside date. The Company initially records SAFEs at fair value (see Note 5) and adjusts the carrying amount of the instrument at each reporting period for any impairments.
Investments consisted of the following (in thousands):
As of December 31,
20252024
Investments:
SAFEs$2,188 $16,689 
Non-marketable equity securities11,125 14,218 
Marketable equity securities1,562 17,559 
Synlogic warrants191 238 
Total$15,066 $48,704 
Marketable equity securities of $18.7 million are not restricted for sale and are included in marketable securities in the consolidated balance sheet as of December 31, 2025.
Loss on investments and equity method investments consisted of the following (in thousands):
Year Ended December 31,
202520242023
(Loss) gain on investments:
Genomatica preferred stock$— $(11,885)$(33,000)
Non-marketable equity securities(4,557)(1,735)(9,928)
Marketable equity securities2,695 (7,583)(7,874)
SAFEs(14,501)(7,208)(2,742)
Synlogic warrants(48)(416)(1,283)
Total loss on investments$(16,411)$(28,827)$(54,827)
Loss on equity method investments:
BiomEdit$— $— $(1,461)
Other— — (1,174)
Total loss on equity method investments$— $— $(2,635)
The components of loss on investments for each period were as follows (in thousands):
Year Ended December 31,
202520242023
Impairment charges$(16,345)$(20,828)$(44,043)
Realized and unrealized gains (losses) recognized on marketable equity securities2,647 (7,999)(9,157)
Downward adjustments from observable price changes(2,713)— (1,627)
Total loss on investments$(16,411)$(28,827)$(54,827)
Total realized and unrealized losses associated with equity investments accounted for at fair value or the fair value measurement alternative consisted of the following (in thousands):
Year Ended December 31,
202520242023
Realized loss recognized on equity investments sold (1)
$— $(5,957)$— 
Net unrealized losses recognized on equity investments held as of the end of the period(16,411)(22,870)(54,827)
Total loss on investments$(16,411)$(28,827)$(54,827)
(1) Reflects the difference between the sale proceeds and the carrying value of the equity investments at the beginning of the period or the acquisition date, if later.
The carrying value of non-marketable equity securities accounted for using the fair value measurement alternative and still held as of December 31, 2025, including cumulative unrealized losses, were as follows (in thousands):
As of December 31, 2025
Total initial cost$109,460 
Impairment charges(91,806)
Downward adjustments from observable price changes(4,341)
Carrying value$13,313 
v3.25.4
Variable Interest Entities
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2025
Variable Interest Entity, Measure of Activity [Abstract]  
Variable Interest Entities Variable Interest Entities
With respect to the Company’s investments in Motif, Allonnia, Genomatica, Arcaea, BiomEdit, Verb Biotics, and Ayana Bio, the Company has concluded these entities represent VIEs. While the Company has board representation on certain of these entities and is involved in the ongoing development activities of these entities via its participation on such entities' JSC, the Company has concluded that it is not the primary beneficiary of these entities because: (i) the Company does not control the board of directors of any of the VIEs, and no voting or consent agreements exist between the Company and other members of each respective board of directors or other investors, (ii) the holders of preferred security interests in the VIEs hold certain rights that require their consent prior to taking certain actions, which include certain significant operating and financing decisions, and (iii) the Company’s representation on the JSC of each respective entity does not give it control over the development activities of any of the VIEs, as all JSC decisions are made by consensus and there are no agreements in place that would require any of the entities to vote in alignment with the Company. As the Company’s involvement in the VIEs does not give it the power to control the decisions with respect to their development or other activities, which are their most significant activities, the Company has concluded that it is not the primary beneficiary of the VIEs.
Additionally, the Company holds equity interests in certain other privately-held companies that are not consolidated as the Company is not the primary beneficiary. As of December 31, 2025 and 2024, the maximum risk of loss related to the Company’s unconsolidated VIEs was limited to the carrying value of its investments in such entities.
Refer to Notes 7 and 17 for additional details on the Company’s investments and equity method investments.
v3.25.4
Goodwill and Intangible Assets, net
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2025
Goodwill and Intangible Assets Disclosure [Abstract]  
Goodwill and Intangible Assets, net Goodwill and Intangible Assets, net
During the year ended December 31, 2024, due to a sustained decrease in the market price of the Company's Class A common stock and market capitalization, the Company identified that an indicator of impairment was present during the second quarter of 2024. As such, the Company completed a quantitative impairment test related to its Cell Engineering reporting unit. To conduct the impairment test of goodwill, the estimated fair value of the reporting unit was compared to its carrying value. The estimated fair value of the reporting unit was determined using a weighted approach that considered a discounted cash flow (“DCF”) model under the income approach and the guideline public company (“GPC”) method under the market approach. Significant inputs used in the DCF model included the projected future operating results of the reporting unit and the applicable discount rate, while inputs used in the GPC method consisted of a revenue multiple. The projected future operating results were based on historical experience and internal annual operating plans reviewed by management, extrapolated over the forecast period. The discount rate was determined using a weighted average cost of capital adjusted for risk factors specific to the reporting unit. The revenue multiple was based on the GPC method using comparable publicly traded company multiples of revenue for a group of benchmark companies. The DCF method was
weighted 75% and the GPC 25%. The fair value measurement of the reporting unit is classified as Level 3 in the fair value hierarchy because it involves significant unobservable inputs. The Company reconciled the resulting fair value of its reporting unit to the market capitalization of the Company to corroborate the fair value estimate used in the impairment test.
The result of the interim impairment test indicated that the estimated fair value of the reporting unit was less than its carrying value. As a result, the Company fully impaired goodwill and recorded an impairment loss of $47.9 million in the second quarter of 2024 and for the year ended December 31, 2024.
Changes in the carrying amount of goodwill consisted of the following year ended December 31, 2024 (in thousands):
Balance at December 31, 2023$49,238 
Goodwill impairment (accumulated impairment loss)(47,858)
Impact of foreign currency translation(1,380)
Balance at December 31, 2024$— 
Intangible assets, net consisted of the following (in thousands):
Gross
Carrying
Value (1)
Accumulated
Amortization (1)
Net
Carrying
Value
Weighted Average
Amortization Period
(in Years)
December 31, 2025:
Developed technology$111,202 $(54,278)$56,924 6.9
December 31, 2024:
Developed technology$111,393 $(38,883)$72,510 6.6
(1)Gross carrying value and accumulated amortization include the impact of cumulative foreign currency translation adjustments.
Amortization expense was $18.7 million, $18.0 million and $15.7 million for the years ended December 31, 2025, 2024 and 2023, respectively. The estimated future amortization expense for intangible assets remaining as of December 31, 2025 is as follows (in thousands):
2026$18,700 
202711,613 
20282,987 
20292,987 
20302,987 
Thereafter17,650 
Total$56,924 
v3.25.4
Leases
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2025
Leases [Abstract]  
Leases Leases
The Company leases real estate for office and lab space as well as equipment used in research and development activities under operating and finance leases.
The Company’s real estate leases have initial lease terms ranging from 1.4 years to 15.3 years and are all classified as operating. Real estate leases may contain periods of free rent, tenant improvement incentives, expansion options, rent escalation clauses at pre-determined rates or at the prevailing market rates at the time of the increase, and options to extend or terminate the lease without cause at the option of either party during the lease term. The Company is not reasonably certain to exercise these options at the commencement of the lease. Equipment leases have initial lease terms ranging from 2.2 years to 5 years and are classified as operating or finance if the lease contains bargain purchase options which the Company is reasonably certain to exercise.
Variable lease cost for real estate leases primarily consists of certain non-lease components such as real estate taxes, insurance and common area maintenance charges. These non-lease components are typically variable in nature and are recognized as lease expense in the period in which they arise. None of the Company's lease agreements contain material restrictive covenants or residual value guarantees.
The Company's headquarters are located in the Seaport district of Boston, Massachusetts and comprise a set of non-cancellable operating leases within a facility totaling over 320,000 square feet of office and laboratory space. These leases expire on dates ranging from 2030 to 2036 and each contain one option to extend the lease for a five-year period at then-market rates.

In April 2021, the Company entered into a lease, as amended, consisting of approximately 260,000 rentable square feet of new office and laboratory space being developed in Boston, Massachusetts near the Company's headquarters. The lease commenced on April 11, 2024, with rent payments beginning in June 2024, and it will expire on the fifteenth anniversary of the rent commencement date. The lease includes an option to extend for an additional ten years at then-market rates, as well as an expansion option if the owner constructs an additional building on the property.

The Company has a substantial amount of excess space and is seeking to sublease excess space consistent with its restructuring plan. The leased facilities continue to be included in the Cell Engineering asset group as they have not been abandoned and do not have separately identifiable cash flows. If the Company enters into subleases at rates that are below the existing lease minimum payments, terminates or amends existing leases, or abandons the leased facilities, the right-of-use lease assets and any associated leasehold improvements would be evaluated for potential impairment and impairment charges could be material.
In September 2023, the Company’s former subsidiary, Zymergen, ceased the use of and exited a leased facility consisting of approximately 300,000 square feet of office and laboratory space in Emeryville, California. The facility was used pursuant to an operating lease with a minimum term expiring in August 2033. Zymergen’s exit resulted in an impairment loss of $96.2 million, including $36.6 million for the right-of-use asset and $59.6 million for the related leasehold improvements. The impairment loss represents the amount by which the carrying value of the assets exceed their estimated fair values, as determined using a discounted cash flow model under the income approach. The fair value measurements are based on significant inputs not observable in the market and therefore represent Level 3 fair value measurements. The key inputs used in the valuation were estimated sublease rental income and a discount rate of 8.5%. The impairments are presented as impairment of lease assets in the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss for the year ended December 31, 2023.
The following table presents the components of total lease cost (in thousands):
Year Ended December 31,
202520242023
Operating lease cost$63,470 $57,996 $59,588 
Finance lease cost:
Amortization of ROU assets708 655 1,047 
Interest on lease liabilities4 29 79 
Finance lease cost712 684 1,126 
Variable lease cost19,701 19,421 15,862 
Sublease income(7,600)(5,177)(11,170)
Total lease cost$76,283 $72,924 $65,406 
Supplemental cash flow information related to the Company’s operating leases were as follows (in thousands):
Year Ended December 31,
202520242023
Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities:
Operating cash flows from operating leases$61,178 $45,019 $44,051 
Operating cash flows from finance leases4 32 83 
Financing cash flows from finance leases354 897 1,295 
Supplemental balance sheet information related to operating leases were as follows:
As of December 31,
20252024
Weighted average remaining lease term - operating leases (in years)11.311.8
Weighted average remaining lease term - finance leases (in years)0.90.6
Weighted average discount rate - operating leases7.6 %7.5 %
Weighted average discount rate - finance leases3.9 %3.8 %
The following table summarizes the maturity of the Company’s lease liabilities (in thousands):
Years Ending December 31,
Operating Leases
Finance Leases
2026$56,302 $20 
202756,745 — 
202858,498 — 
202960,271 — 
203059,301 — 
Thereafter371,682 — 
Total undiscounted payments662,799 20 
Less: imputed interest(222,934)— 
Total lease liability439,865 20 
Less: current portion of lease liability(22,787)(20)
Lease liabilities, non-current$417,078 $— 
The Company previously subleased a portion of its office and lab space to certain of its equity method investees, which are considered related parties. These lease agreements ended in 2025. Related party sublease income for the years ended December 31, 2025, 2024 and 2023 was $2.1 million, $2.0 million and $2.1 million, respectively, included within
operating expenses in 2025 and within other income, net in the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss in prior years.
Leases Leases
The Company leases real estate for office and lab space as well as equipment used in research and development activities under operating and finance leases.
The Company’s real estate leases have initial lease terms ranging from 1.4 years to 15.3 years and are all classified as operating. Real estate leases may contain periods of free rent, tenant improvement incentives, expansion options, rent escalation clauses at pre-determined rates or at the prevailing market rates at the time of the increase, and options to extend or terminate the lease without cause at the option of either party during the lease term. The Company is not reasonably certain to exercise these options at the commencement of the lease. Equipment leases have initial lease terms ranging from 2.2 years to 5 years and are classified as operating or finance if the lease contains bargain purchase options which the Company is reasonably certain to exercise.
Variable lease cost for real estate leases primarily consists of certain non-lease components such as real estate taxes, insurance and common area maintenance charges. These non-lease components are typically variable in nature and are recognized as lease expense in the period in which they arise. None of the Company's lease agreements contain material restrictive covenants or residual value guarantees.
The Company's headquarters are located in the Seaport district of Boston, Massachusetts and comprise a set of non-cancellable operating leases within a facility totaling over 320,000 square feet of office and laboratory space. These leases expire on dates ranging from 2030 to 2036 and each contain one option to extend the lease for a five-year period at then-market rates.

In April 2021, the Company entered into a lease, as amended, consisting of approximately 260,000 rentable square feet of new office and laboratory space being developed in Boston, Massachusetts near the Company's headquarters. The lease commenced on April 11, 2024, with rent payments beginning in June 2024, and it will expire on the fifteenth anniversary of the rent commencement date. The lease includes an option to extend for an additional ten years at then-market rates, as well as an expansion option if the owner constructs an additional building on the property.

The Company has a substantial amount of excess space and is seeking to sublease excess space consistent with its restructuring plan. The leased facilities continue to be included in the Cell Engineering asset group as they have not been abandoned and do not have separately identifiable cash flows. If the Company enters into subleases at rates that are below the existing lease minimum payments, terminates or amends existing leases, or abandons the leased facilities, the right-of-use lease assets and any associated leasehold improvements would be evaluated for potential impairment and impairment charges could be material.
In September 2023, the Company’s former subsidiary, Zymergen, ceased the use of and exited a leased facility consisting of approximately 300,000 square feet of office and laboratory space in Emeryville, California. The facility was used pursuant to an operating lease with a minimum term expiring in August 2033. Zymergen’s exit resulted in an impairment loss of $96.2 million, including $36.6 million for the right-of-use asset and $59.6 million for the related leasehold improvements. The impairment loss represents the amount by which the carrying value of the assets exceed their estimated fair values, as determined using a discounted cash flow model under the income approach. The fair value measurements are based on significant inputs not observable in the market and therefore represent Level 3 fair value measurements. The key inputs used in the valuation were estimated sublease rental income and a discount rate of 8.5%. The impairments are presented as impairment of lease assets in the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss for the year ended December 31, 2023.
The following table presents the components of total lease cost (in thousands):
Year Ended December 31,
202520242023
Operating lease cost$63,470 $57,996 $59,588 
Finance lease cost:
Amortization of ROU assets708 655 1,047 
Interest on lease liabilities4 29 79 
Finance lease cost712 684 1,126 
Variable lease cost19,701 19,421 15,862 
Sublease income(7,600)(5,177)(11,170)
Total lease cost$76,283 $72,924 $65,406 
Supplemental cash flow information related to the Company’s operating leases were as follows (in thousands):
Year Ended December 31,
202520242023
Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities:
Operating cash flows from operating leases$61,178 $45,019 $44,051 
Operating cash flows from finance leases4 32 83 
Financing cash flows from finance leases354 897 1,295 
Supplemental balance sheet information related to operating leases were as follows:
As of December 31,
20252024
Weighted average remaining lease term - operating leases (in years)11.311.8
Weighted average remaining lease term - finance leases (in years)0.90.6
Weighted average discount rate - operating leases7.6 %7.5 %
Weighted average discount rate - finance leases3.9 %3.8 %
The following table summarizes the maturity of the Company’s lease liabilities (in thousands):
Years Ending December 31,
Operating Leases
Finance Leases
2026$56,302 $20 
202756,745 — 
202858,498 — 
202960,271 — 
203059,301 — 
Thereafter371,682 — 
Total undiscounted payments662,799 20 
Less: imputed interest(222,934)— 
Total lease liability439,865 20 
Less: current portion of lease liability(22,787)(20)
Lease liabilities, non-current$417,078 $— 
The Company previously subleased a portion of its office and lab space to certain of its equity method investees, which are considered related parties. These lease agreements ended in 2025. Related party sublease income for the years ended December 31, 2025, 2024 and 2023 was $2.1 million, $2.0 million and $2.1 million, respectively, included within
operating expenses in 2025 and within other income, net in the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss in prior years.
v3.25.4
Supplemental Financial Information
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2025
Supplemental Balance Sheet Information [Abstract]  
Supplemental Financial Information Supplemental Financial Information
Cash, Cash Equivalents and Restricted Cash
The reconciliation of cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash reported within the consolidated balance sheet to the totals shown within the consolidated statements of cash flows is as follows (in thousands):
As of December 31,
202520242023
Cash and cash equivalents$167,202 $561,572 $944,073 
Restricted cash included in prepaid expenses and other current assets (1)
7,031 5,839 4,789 
Restricted cash included in other non-current assets (1)
38,138 38,332 40,722 
Total cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash$212,371 $605,743 $989,584 
(1)Includes cash balances collateralizing letters of credit associated with the Company’s facility leases and customer prepayments requiring segregation and restrictions in its use in accordance with the customer agreement.
Property, Plant and Equipment, net
Property, plant and equipment, net consisted of the following (in thousands):
As of December 31,
20252024
Lab equipment$146,279 $150,887 
Leasehold improvements140,513 135,964 
Buildings and facilities49,760 48,255 
Construction in progress192 1,984 
Computer equipment and software9,056 14,897 
Furniture and fixtures6,520 6,545 
Land6,060 6,060 
Total property, plant, and equipment358,380 364,592 
Less: Accumulated depreciation(190,597)(160,872)
Property, plant and equipment, net$167,783 $203,720 
Depreciation expense for the years ended December 31, 2025, 2024 and 2023 totaled $40.3 million, $45.0 million and $54.8 million, respectively.
During the year ended December 31, 2024, the Company determined that $5.8 million of construction in progress assets were impaired and this loss is included in general and administrative expense in the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss.
During the year ended December 31, 2023, the Company identified excess lab equipment at two of its facilities whereby the assets were sold, classified as held for sale or otherwise impaired, resulting in aggregate impairment losses of $25.2 million, included in general and administrative expense in the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss.
Accrued Expenses and Other Current Liabilities
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities consisted of the following (in thousands):
As of December 31,
20252024
Operating lease liabilities$22,787 $28,630 
Contractual shortfall liabilities (Note 12)15,919 — 
Contingent consideration liability5,438 5,438 
Biosecurity costs5,046 4,032 
Employee compensation and benefits4,258 9,894 
Professional fees and securities litigation costs4,378 2,167 
External research and development expenses1,072 713 
Deferred other income1,033 2,889 
Employee termination costs816 2,387 
Finance lease liabilities20 335 
Property and equipment— 138 
Other current liabilities5,691 8,764 
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities$66,458 $65,387 
Supplemental cash flow information
The following table presents supplemental cash flow information for each reporting period (in thousands):
Year Ended December 31,
202520242023
Cash paid for interest$4 $32 $83 
Cash paid for income taxes192 894 670 
Non-cash investing and financing activities:
ROU assets obtained in exchange for new operating lease liabilities336 223,853 27,668 
Purchases of property and equipment included in accounts payable and accrued expenses46 2,565 2,915 
Convertible financial instruments received for Cell Engineering services— — 4,542 
Equity securities and warrants received for Cell Engineering services— 55 17,450 
Common stock issued for acquisitions777 18,245 6,820 
Common stock issued as settlement of contingent consideration liabilities— 14,742 8,896 
Common stock issued for retention payments related to business and asset acquisitions— 5,258 — 
Return of investment in equity securities for reduction in deferred revenue— 6,760 — 
Conversion of notes receivable for common stock— 10,476 — 
Issuance costs related to ATM offering included in accounts payable and accrued expenses53 — — 
v3.25.4
Commitments and Contingencies
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2025
Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure [Abstract]  
Commitments and Contingencies Commitments and Contingencies
Purchase Obligations
In August 2023, the Company entered into a five-year strategic cloud and AI partnership with Google Cloud, which included minimum annual commitments to purchase cloud hosting services. The partnership previously included minimum annual commitments over the contract years ending August 27, 2027 to purchase cloud hosting services in exchange for various discounts on such services. The aggregate $289 million future purchase commitment included minimum annual commitments were as follows: year 1, $8.0 million; year 2, $28.0 million; year 3, $54.0 million; year 4, $86.0 million; and year 5, $113.0 million. Effective October 3, 2025, the Company entered into amendment that revised the total aggregate future purchase commitment to $110 million and reset the annual commitments as follows (each annual year is defined as October 3 to October 2): year 1 (starting on October 3, 2025), $6.0 million; year 2, $8.0 million; year 3, $12.0 million; year
4, $18.0 million; year 5, $28.0 million; year 6, $38.0 million. The Company recognized a contractual liability of $20.9 million during year ended December 31, 2025 as a result of shortfall in purchasing relative to its commitments under the original agreement. The Company is required to make a one-time payment of $14.0 million to be released from its minimum annual commitment obligations under the original agreement in January 2026. If the Company does not meet its minimum annual commitment obligations in the future, additional shortfall liabilities may be incurred and future contractual losses may be material.
Effective April 1, 2025, the Company entered into an amendment to its four-year supply agreement with Twist for the purchase of diverse products including synthetic DNA. The original agreement was effective as of April 1, 2022 and obligated the Company to spend a minimum of $58.0 million over the four-year term with the following minimum annual commitments (each annual year is defined as April 1 to March 31): year 1, $10.0 million; year 2, $13.0 million; year 3, $16.0 million; and year 4, $19.0 million. The amendment converts the remaining minimum annual commitments into non-refundable payments creditable against future purchases by the Company, with no expiration. The Company paid $4.0 million in April 2025 and is obligated to non-refundable payments of $5.0 million on April 1, 2026 and $6.0 million on April 1, 2027, respectively. A contractual loss of $8.7 million was recorded in the year ended December 31, 2025.
Surety Bond
In 2026, the Company will be required to fund a surety bond in the amount of $47.0 million to fulfill its obligations under a contract with a U.S. Government National Laboratory related to the sale of RAC automation equipment. The $47.0 million will be restricted until the Company completes all of its obligations under the contract. Currently the Company expects the cash to be restricted until 2029.
Contingent Consideration Related to Asset Acquisitions
In connection with the StrideBio acquisition (see Note 4), the Company is obligated to make royalty payments of up to $21.3 million payable in cash or shares of Class A common stock at the Company's election until the earlier of the tenth anniversary date of the initial closing and the date on which the aggregate amount of the royalty payments equals the amount cap. The royalties are calculated based on 10% of the net licensing revenue and 40% of all consideration received for a license or sale of a product incorporating the acquired platform assets. No amounts for the royalty payments have been recorded during the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024.
The Company routinely acquires rights to intellectual property that may provide for payment of future contingent consideration, including royalties, should revenue be generated from the use of such.
Legal Proceedings
From time to time, the Company may in the ordinary course of business be named as a defendant in lawsuits, indemnity claims and other legal proceedings. The Company accrues for a loss contingency when it concludes that the likelihood of a loss is probable and the amount of loss can be reasonably estimated. The Company adjusts its accruals from time to time as it receives additional information. The Company does not believe any pending litigation to be material, or that the outcome of any such pending litigation, in management’s judgment based on information currently available, would have a material adverse effect on the Company’s results of operations, cash flows or financial condition.
Indemnification Agreements
The Company enters into standard indemnification agreements and has agreements with indemnification clauses in the ordinary course of business. Under such arrangements, the Company indemnifies, holds harmless and agrees to reimburse the indemnified party for losses suffered or incurred by the indemnified party, who are generally the Company’s business partners. The terms of these indemnification arrangements are generally perpetual and effective any time after contract execution. The maximum potential liability resulting from these indemnification arrangements may be unlimited. The Company has never incurred costs to defend lawsuits or settle claims as a result of such indemnifications and the Company is not aware of any indemnification arrangements that could have a material effect on its financial position, results of operations or cash flows, and it has not accrued any liabilities related to such obligations as of December 31, 2025.
v3.25.4
Stockholders' Equity
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2025
Stockholders' Equity Note [Abstract]  
Stockholders' Equity Stockholders' Equity
Capitalization
The following table presents the Company’s authorized, issued, and outstanding common stock as of the dates indicated:
AuthorizedIssuedOutstanding
Common stock as of December 31, 2025
Class A10,500,000,00049,694,61046,791,082
Class B4,500,000,0008,985,8398,416,216
Class C800,000,0003,000,0003,000,000
15,800,000,00061,680,44958,207,298
Common stock as of December 31, 2024
Class A10,500,000,00045,575,42342,696,585
Class B4,500,000,0009,239,6828,669,200
Class C800,000,0003,000,0003,000,000
15,800,000,00057,815,10554,365,785
At-The-Market Program
On August 7, 2025, the Company filed a universal shelf registration statement on Form S-3, which was declared effective by the SEC on August 14, 2024, on which the Company registered for sale up to $500.0 million of any combination of the Company's Class A common stock, preferred stock, warrants, and/or units from time to time and at prices and on terms that the Company may determine. On September 4, 2025, the Company entered into a Sales Agreement (the “Sales Agreement”) with Allen & Company LLC, who is acting as the sales agent (the “Agent”), pursuant to which the Company may sell shares of its Class A common stock from time to time at prices and on terms determined by market conditions at the time of offering, up to an aggregate offering price of $100.0 million through or directly to the Agent in one or more at-the-market (“ATM”) offerings. Since inception of the Sales Agreement through December 31, 2025, the Company has issued 1.9 million shares of Class A common stock under the Sales Agreement for net proceeds of $18.1 million.
Preferred Stock
The Company is authorized to issue 200 million shares of preferred stock with a par value $0.0001 per share. The Company’s board of directors are authorized, without stockholder approval, to issue such shares of preferred stock in one or more series, to establish from time to time the number of shares to be included in each such series, and to fix the designations, powers, voting, and other rights, preferences and privileges of the shares. There were no issued and outstanding shares of preferred stock as of December 31, 2025.
Common Stock
The Company is authorized to issue 15,800 million shares of common stock, including 10,500 million shares of Class A common stock, par value $0.0001 per share, 4,500 million shares of Class B common stock, par value $0.0001 per share, and 800 million shares of Class C common stock, par value $0.0001 per share.
Voting
Holders of Class A common stock are entitled to one vote per share and holders of Class B common stock are entitled to ten votes per share. Holders of Class C common stock are not entitled to vote except as otherwise expressly provided in the certificate of incorporation or required by applicable law.
Dividends
Common stockholders are entitled to receive dividends, as may be declared by the board of directors. Different classes of common stock are legally entitled to equal per share distributions whether through dividends or liquidation. No dividends have been declared to date.
Conversion
Each share of Class B common stock is convertible at any time at the option of the holder into one share of Class A common stock. Generally, shares of Class B common stock will convert automatically into Class A common stock upon the holder ceasing to be an Eligible Holder (i.e., director, employee, trust or legal entity of Ginkgo), unless otherwise determined by affirmative vote of a majority of independent directors of Ginkgo.
Common Stock Reserved for Future Issuances
The Company had the following common stock reserved for future issuance as of the date indicated:
December 31, 2025
Shares available for grant under the 2021 Plan3,336,606
Restricted stock units outstanding1,262,853
Performance stock units outstanding4,407,287
Warrants to purchase Class A common stock1,295,622
Shares available for grant under the ESPP2,500,000
Shares available for grant under the 2022 Inducement Plan292,172
Stock options issued and outstanding366,567
Total common stock reserved for future issuances (1)
13,461,107
(1)Excludes unvested earnout shares, which are restricted shares issued to equity holders of legacy Ginkgo prior to the closing of the SRNG Business Combination and to SRNG. These earnout shares are recorded in equity as shares outstanding upon satisfying the vesting conditions.
v3.25.4
Stock-Based Compensation
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2025
Share-Based Payment Arrangement [Abstract]  
Stock-Based Compensation Stock-Based Compensation
The following table summarizes stock-based compensation expense by financial statement line item in the Company’s consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss for the periods presented (in thousands):
Year Ended December 31,
202520242023
Research and development$34,210 $56,020 $145,879 
General and administrative42,463 56,324 84,005 
Cost of Biosecurity revenue2,624 — — 
Cost of other revenue2,249 — — 
Total$81,546 $112,344 $229,884 
2022 Inducement Plan
On October 16, 2022, the Company's Board of Directors adopted the Ginkgo Bioworks Holdings, Inc. 2022 Inducement Plan (the “2022 Inducement Plan”), which is a non-shareholder approved equity incentive plan adopted pursuant to the “inducement exception” provided under NYSE Listed Company Manual Section 303A.08. Pursuant to the terms of the 2022 Inducement Plan, the Company may grant nonstatutory stock options, stock appreciation rights, restricted stock units, restricted stock and other stock-based awards as an inducement material to individuals being hired or rehired following a bona fide period of interruption of employment, as an employee of the Company or any of its subsidiaries, including in connection with a merger or acquisition. The terms of the 2022 Inducement Plan are substantially similar to the terms of the Company’s 2021 Incentive Award Plan. The Company has reserved 625,000 shares of the Company’s common stock (which may be shares of Class A common stock or Class B common stock) for issuance under the 2022 Inducement Plan. As of December 31, 2025, 292,172 shares are available for future issuance under the 2022 Inducement Plan.
2021 Incentive Award Plans
On September 16, 2021, the 2021 Incentive Award Plan (the “2021 Plan”) became effective. The 2021 Plan provides for the grant of stock options, including incentive stock options (“ISOs”) and nonqualified stock options, stock appreciation
rights, restricted stock, dividend equivalents, RSUs and other stock or cash-based awards to employees, consultants and directors of Ginkgo and its subsidiaries.
The aggregate number of shares of common stock available for issuance under the 2021 Plan, which may be issued as Class A common stock and/or Class B common stock, was initially 5,011,024 shares. As of December 31, 2025, 3,336,606 shares are available for future issuance under the 2021 Plan. The number of shares of common stock reserved for issuance under the 2021 Plan will automatically increase for ten years on January 1 of each year in an amount equal to the lesser of (a) 4% of the aggregate number of shares of common stock outstanding on the final day of the immediately preceding calendar year and (b) such smaller number of shares as is determined by the Board. The maximum number of shares of common stock that may be issued pursuant to the exercise of incentive stock options granted under the 2021 Plan is 5,000,000 shares. Shares issued under the 2021 Plan may consist of authorized but unissued shares, shares purchased on the open market or treasury shares.
2021 Employee Stock Purchase Plan
On September 16, 2021, the 2021 Employee Stock Purchase Plan (the “ESPP”) became effective. The ESPP authorizes (i) the grant of options that are intended to qualify for favorable U.S. federal tax treatment under Section 423 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 (the “Section 423 Component”) and (ii) the grant of options that are not intended to be tax-qualified (the “Non-Section 423 Component”). All of the Company’s employees are expected to be eligible to participate in the ESPP. However, with respect to the Section 423 Component, an employee may not be granted rights to purchase stock under the ESPP if the employee, immediately after the grant, would own (directly or through attribution) stock possessing 5% or more of the total combined voting power or value of all classes of the Company’s common stock.
The ESPP initially permits the Company to deliver up to 500,000 shares of common stock pursuant to awards issued under the ESPP, which may be Class A common stock and/or Class B common stock. The number of shares of common stock reserved for issuance under the ESPP will automatically increase each January 1 by an amount equal to the lesser of (a) 1% of the aggregate number of shares of common stock outstanding on the final day of the immediately preceding calendar year and (b) such smaller number of shares as is determined by the Board, provided that no more than 2,500,000 shares may be issued under the Section 423 Component. Prior to or in connection with issuing any shares of common stock under the ESPP, the ESPP administrator may convert awards covering shares of Class B common stock to Class A common stock. As of December 31, 2025, no awards have been granted under the ESPP, and 2,500,000 shares remain available for future issuance.
2014 Stock Incentive Plan
The 2014 Stock Incentive Plan (the “2014 Plan”) provided for the Company to grant options, stock appreciation rights, restricted stock, restricted stock units (“RSUs”) and other stock-based awards. From and after the effective date of the 2021 Incentive Award Plan, the Company ceased granting awards under the 2014 Plan. However, the 2014 Plan continues to govern the terms and conditions of the outstanding awards previously granted thereunder. Shares of common stock underlying any awards that are forfeited, cancelled, repurchased, or otherwise terminated by the Company under the 2014 Plan will be added back to the shares available for issuance under the 2021 Incentive Award Plan.
Time-based Stock Options
All time-based options outstanding consist of awards granted to non-employee directors and are of two types: (i) initial awards granted to newly elected or appointed directors, which vest in three equal annual installments, and (ii) subsequent awards, which vest on the earlier of the first anniversary of the grant date or the day prior to the next annual shareholder meeting. These options expire no later than ten years from the grant date. The exercise price of each option is equal to the closing price of the Company’s common stock on the date of grant.
A summary of time-based stock options activity for the year ended December 31, 2025 is presented below:
Number of Shares
Weighted Average Exercise Price per Share
Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Term (in years)
Aggregate Intrinsic Value (1)
Outstanding as of December 31, 2024267,520$25.17  
Granted171,8759.29  
Exercised— —  
Forfeited(72,828)36.96 
Outstanding as of December 31, 2025366,56715.38 8.9$— 
Exercisable as of December 31, 2025136,01424.74 8.4— 
(1)The aggregate intrinsic value is calculated as the difference between the Company's closing stock price on the last trading day of the year and the exercise prices, multiplied by the number of in-the-money stock options.
The total intrinsic value of options exercised during the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023 was $0.9 million and $9.1 million, respectively. There were no stock option exercises during the year ended December 31, 2025. The weighted-average fair value of options granted during the years ended December 31, 2025, 2024, and 2023 was $7.48, $11.35 and $57.20 per share, respectively, and was calculated using the following key assumptions in the Black-Scholes option-pricing model:
Year Ended December 31,
202520242023
Risk-free interest rate4.06%4.27%3.94%
Expected volatility100%97%93%
Expected term (in years)6.05.75.5
Dividend yield—%—%—%
As of December 31, 2025, there was $1.5 million of unrecognized compensation expense related to options recognizable over a weighted-average period of 2.3 years.
Market-based Stock Options
In April 2024, the Company granted to each of the Company's four founders an option to purchase in aggregate 125,000 shares of Ginkgo's Class A common stock with an exercise price of $100 per share, subject both to time-based and market-based vesting criteria (the “Founder Options”). The market-based vesting is tied to the achievement of four specified stock price hurdles within a five-year period, with 10% of the Founder Options vesting based on the achievement of a 90-calendar-day average stock price of $200, 10% of the Founder Options vesting based on the achievement of a 90-calendar-day average stock price of $300, 20% of the Founder Options vesting based on the achievement of a 90-calendar-day average stock price of $400 and the remaining 60% of the Founder Options vesting based on the achievement of a 90-calendar-day average stock price of $500. If the market-based criteria are achieved during the five-year period, the awards will vest on the five-year anniversary of the grant date. The weighted-average grant-date fair value of the options granted was $7.80 per share and was calculated using a Monte Carlo simulation model using a risk-free interest rate of 4.65%, expected volatility of 72%, suboptimal exercise multiple of 2.8, and a dividend yield of zero percent.
In June 2025, the compensation committee of the Company’s Board of Directors canceled the Founder Options and granted replacement performance-based restricted stock unit (“PSU”) awards (the “Founder PSU Awards”). The cancellation and concurrent grant of replacement awards were accounted for as a modification, resulting in $10.5 million of incremental compensation expense. The performance period for these awards was through December 31, 2025 and the aggregate compensation expense for the cancelled award and the new award will be recognized over the remaining requisite service period of the PSUs, which is the grant date through March 31, 2026. The PSU awards are subject to substantially similar performance metrics, vesting terms and employment terms as described in the section “Performance-based Restricted Stock Units” below.
Restricted Stock Units
RSUs granted under the 2014 Plan are subject to two vesting conditions: (i) a service-based vesting condition, generally satisfied over four years with 25% of the shares vesting on the first anniversary of the grant date and monthly vesting thereafter, and (ii) a performance-based vesting condition, which was met in 2021 in connection with the Company's merger with SRNG. RSUs granted under the 2021 Plan are subject only to the service-based vesting condition.
A summary of RSU activity for the year ended December 31, 2025 is presented below:
Number of Shares
Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value
Nonvested as of December 31, 20243,327,398$69.00 
Granted1,176,4198.02 
Vested(1,797,720)48.74 
Forfeited(1,443,244)56.71 
Nonvested as of December 31, 20251,262,85355.07 
The weighted average grant date fair value of RSUs granted during the years ended December 31, 2025, 2024 and 2023 was $8.02, $43.81 and $55.60, respectively. The total fair value of the RSUs that vested during the years ended December 31, 2025, 2024 and 2023 was $87.6 million, $232.9 million and $365.3 million, respectively.
As of December 31, 2025, there was $58.3 million of unrecognized compensation expense related to RSUs recognizable over a weighted-average period of 1.8 years.
Performance-based Restricted Stock Units
In March 2025, the compensation committee of the Company's Board of Directors approved a grant of PSU awards under the 2021 Plan to substantially all employees. The PSUs are eligible to vest based on the achievement of specific performance metrics tied to the Company’s 2025 cash flow and bookings targets. Recipients must remain employed through the date the applicable vested shares are distributed, which is expected to occur in March 2026. PSU achievement percentages may range from zero to 100% of the award. The grant-date fair value of the PSUs was determined based on the closing price of the Company’s Class A common stock on the grant date. Additionally, as summarized above, the Founder PSU Awards were granted in June 2025.
A summary of PSU activity for the year ended December 31, 2025 is presented below:
Performance Stock Units
Number of
Shares		Weighted
Average
Grant Date
Fair Value
Granted5,599,647$8.01 
Vested—
Forfeited(1,192,360)7.81 
Nonvested as of December 31, 20254,407,2878.06 
As of December 31, 2025, there was $7.3 million of unrecognized compensation expense related to unvested PSUs outstanding, which is expected to be recognized over a service period of approximately 0.3 years. Actual expense recognized may vary based on the final achievement rate.
Earnouts
Earnout shares represent equity awards, primarily in the form of restricted stock, granted to existing employees of the Company as of the closing date of the Company's merger with SRNG on September 16, 2021 (the “Closing Date”). These earnout shares are subject to the same time-based vesting and performance conditions (change in control or an initial public offering) as the underlying awards, including provisions related to vesting and termination. Additionally, the earnout shares are subject to a market condition, which is satisfied when the trading price of the Company's common stock is greater than
or equal to $500, $600, $700 and $800 per share for any 20 trading days within a 30 consecutive trading day period, on or before the fifth anniversary of the Closing Date (collectively, the “Earnout Targets”). The first Earnout Target of $500 per share was achieved on November 15, 2021.
A summary of activity during the year ended December 31, 2025 for the earnout shares is presented below:
Number of Shares
Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value
Nonvested as of December 31, 2024552,457$510.80 
Vested(321)533.60 
Forfeited(859)512.62 
Nonvested as of December 31, 2025551,277510.78 
The total fair value of the earnout shares that vested during the years ended December 31, 2025, 2024 and 2023 was $0.2 million, $4.5 million and $7.6 million, respectively.
As of December 31, 2025
v3.25.4
Revenue Recognition
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2025
Revenue from Contract with Customer [Abstract]  
Revenue Recognition Revenue Recognition
Disaggregation of Revenue
The following table sets forth the percentage of Cell Engineering revenues by industry based on total Cell Engineering revenue:
Year Ended December 31,
202520242023
Pharmaceutical and biotechnology35 %26 %30 %
Agriculture28 19 24 
Government and defense23 13 6 
Industrial and environment5 6 16 
Consumer and technology5 4 8 
Food and nutrition4 32 16 
Total Cell Engineering revenue100 %100 %100 %
Cell Engineering revenue includes both cash and non-cash consideration. The non-cash consideration primarily consists of equity received from customers as partial or full payment in certain contracts, which is recognized as revenue as services are provided or upon contract termination. The Company did not receive equity as consideration for any customer contracts entered into during the years ended December 31, 2025 or 2024, but continues to recognize revenue from prior contracts. Cell Engineering revenue recognized relating to non-cash consideration was $11.6 million, $61.4 million, and $48.5 million for the years ended December 31, 2025, 2024, and 2023, respectively.
The Company’s total revenue is derived from customers located primarily in the United States. For the years ended December 31, 2025, 2024, and 2023, the Company’s revenue from customers within the United States comprised 76%, 81% and 82%, respectively, of total revenue.
Contract Balances
The Company recognizes a contract asset when the Company transfers goods or services to a customer before the customer pays consideration or before payment is due, excluding any amounts presented as accounts receivable. The Company had no contract asset balances as of December 31, 2025 and 2024. The Company’s accounts receivable consists of both billed and unbilled amounts. Unbilled receivables arise when revenue is recognized in excess of invoiced amounts and represent the Company’s unconditional right to consideration for goods or services already transferred to the customer. The balance
of unbilled accounts receivable, included in accounts receivable, net in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets, was $14.5 million and $11.3 million as of December 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively.
Contract liabilities, or deferred revenue, primarily consist of payments received in advance of performance under the contract or when the Company has an unconditional right to consideration under the terms of the contract before it transfers goods or services to the customer. The Company’s collaborative arrangements with its investees and related parties typically include upfront payments consisting of cash or non-cash consideration for future research and development services and non-cash consideration in the form of convertible financial instruments and equity securities for licenses that will be transferred in the future. The Company records the upfront cash payments and fair value of the convertible financial instruments and equity securities as deferred revenue.
The Company also invoices customers based on contractual billing schedules, which results in the recording of deferred revenue to the extent payment is received prior to the Company’s performance of the related services. Contract liabilities are recognized as revenue as (or when) the Company performs under the contract.
During the year ended December 31, 2025, the Company recognized $48.7 million of revenue that was included in the contract liabilities balance of $126.5 million as of December 31, 2024. During the year ended December 31, 2024, the Company recognized $88.1 million of revenue that was included in the contract liabilities balance of $202.5 million as of December 31, 2023.
Performance Obligations
The aggregate amount of the transaction price that was allocated to performance obligations that have not yet been satisfied or are partially satisfied as of December 31, 2025 and 2024 was $158.6 million and $85.8 million, respectively. The Company has elected the practical expedient not to provide the remaining performance obligation disclosures related to contracts for which the Company recognizes revenue on a cost-plus basis in the amount to which it has the right to invoice. As of December 31, 2025, approximately $23.0 million of the unsatisfied or partially satisfied performance obligations is expected to be recognized as revenue in 2026, based on the projected customer program end date; $40.9 million between 2026 and 2027; $86.9 million between 2026 and 2028; $3.4 million between 2026 and 2029; and $4.4 million between 2026 and 2030.
When a milestone subject to the variable consideration constraint is achieved, the Company updates its estimate of the transaction price to include the milestone payment and records a cumulative catch-up in revenue. For the years ended December 31, 2025, 2024 and 2023, the Company recorded $2.9 million, $7.2 million and $2.3 million, respectively, as cumulative catch-up in revenue, primarily due to the recognition of previously constrained variable consideration related to milestones or a contract modification.
v3.25.4
Segment Information
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2025
Segment Reporting [Abstract]  
Segment Information Segment Information
The Company operates in two operating and reportable segments: Cell Engineering and Biosecurity. This structure reflects the Company's internal management framework and the approach its CODM uses to evaluate operating results and allocate resources. The Company’s reportable segments are described as follows:
•Cell Engineering consists of end-to-end cell engineering solutions and cell engineering tools offerings for biological R&D. The Company’s cell engineering platform includes R&D services (solutions) where Ginkgo performs technical activities. Our Autonomous Lab is a flexible wet lab built from our Reconfigurable Automation Cart (“RAC”) systems capable of large scale data generation; it powers generative AI and machine learning (“ML”) tools that enable more successful biological R&D. We now offer services providing such data generation, AI and automation tools directly to Ginkgo customers. Cell Engineering revenue is generated primarily through R&D service fees for our solutions and Datapoints services; and design, build, installation and ongoing support fees for our automation solutions (RAC) systems. Historically our solutions deals also included downstream value share in the form of milestone payments, royalties or equity interests.
•Biosecurity consists of the Company’s biomonitoring and bioinformatics support services, offered to both government and non-government customers through the Company's two core offerings: Canopy and Horizon. Biosecurity revenue is generated from fees for data, analytics, and services. Prior to 2024, Biosecurity revenue also included sales of COVID-19 diagnostic and sample collection test kits.
The Company's reportable segments are those for which discrete financial information is available and whose results are regularly provided to the Company’s CODM, consisting of the Chief Executive Officer and the Chief Operating Officer, for the purpose of allocating resources and assessing financial performance. The CODM evaluates the financial performance of the Company’s segments based on segment operating income (loss). The CODM is primarily provided with the segment operating income (loss) on a quarterly basis, as well as during the annual budgeting and forecasting process, and uses this information to monitor the Company’s performance, including budget-to-actual results, and to make decisions about the allocation of operating and capital resources to each segment. For management reporting purposes, the Company’s measure of segment operating income (loss) excludes the impact of stock-based compensation expense, depreciation and amortization, asset impairment charges, restructuring charges, costs associated with excess space, transaction and integration costs associated with planned, completed or terminated mergers and acquisitions, and acquired in-process research and development expenses. The Company has determined its significant segment expenses are cost of revenue for Biosecurity, research and development expenses for Cell Engineering, and general and administrative expenses for both segments, which are regularly provided to the CODM.
The CODM is not provided with asset information by segment; therefore, such information is not presented. The accounting policies used to prepare the reportable segments financial information are the same as those used to prepare the Company’s consolidated financial statements.
The following table presents summary results of the Company’s reportable segments and a reconciliation of total segment operating loss to consolidated loss before income taxes (in thousands):
Year Ended December 31,
202520242023
Cell Engineering
Revenue
$132,746 $173,972 $143,531 
Costs and operating expenses:
   Cost of other revenue13,203 5,999 — 
   Research and development158,541 271,512 335,943 
   General and administrative56,532 115,028 171,210 
Cell Engineering operating loss(95,530)(218,567)(363,622)
Biosecurity
Service revenue37,409 53,071 78,975 
Product revenue— — 28,949 
Costs and operating expense:
   Cost of Biosecurity service revenue28,897 38,549 46,524 
   Cost of Biosecurity product revenue— — 7,481 
   Research and development— 771 1,599 
   General and administrative27,443 44,370 55,514 
Biosecurity operating (loss) income(18,931)(30,619)(3,194)
Total segment operating loss(114,461)(249,186)(366,816)
Reconciling items to reconcile total segment operating loss to loss before income taxes:
Stock-based compensation (1)
82,704 115,299 234,908 
Impairment expense (2)
— 53,654 121,404 
Depreciation and amortization58,990 63,020 70,507 
Restructuring charges (3)
11,398 24,172 — 
Carrying cost of excess space (net of sublease income) (4)
53,723 25,986 — 
Merger and acquisition related expenses (5)
(5,998)4,417 61,188 
Acquired in-process research and development— 19,849 9,582 
Other (income) expense, net (6)
(1,678)(8,075)28,535 
Loss before income taxes$(313,600)$(547,508)$(892,940)
(1)Includes $1.2 million, $3.0 million, and $5.0 million in related employer payroll taxes for the years ended December 31, 2025, 2024, and 2023, respectively.
(2)For 2024, includes $47.9 million related to goodwill impairment and $5.8 million related to lab equipment. For 2023, includes a $25.2 million impairment loss on lab equipment and a $96.2 million impairment loss on lease assets associated with an exited Zymergen leased facility.
(3)See Note 3, Restructuring, for composition of costs.
(4)The carrying cost of excess space includes base rent, common area maintenance charges, and real estate taxes associated with facilities the Company is not occupying, net of any sublease income from these spaces.
(5)Represents transaction and integration costs directly related to mergers and acquisitions, including: (i) due diligence, legal, consulting and accounting fees associated with acquisitions, (ii) post-acquisition employee retention bonuses and severance payments, (iii) the fair value adjustments to contingent consideration liabilities resulting from acquisitions, and (iv) costs associated with the Zymergen Bankruptcy, as well as securities litigation costs, net of insurance recovery.
(6)Includes interest income, interest expense, loss on investments, losses/gains on deconsolidation of subsidiaries, changes in fair value of certain assets and liabilities, and other gains or losses.
v3.25.4
Significant Collaboration Transactions with Related Parties
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2025
Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements [Abstract]  
Significant Collaboration Transactions with Related Parties Significant Collaboration Agreements and Transactions with Related Parties
The Company’s significant transactions with its related parties are primarily comprised of revenue generating activities under collaboration and license agreements.
Platform Ventures
The Company has partnered with other investors, including investors who were also Company investors at the time, to form business ventures, including Motif FoodWorks, Inc. in 2018 (“Motif”), Allonnia, LLC in 2019 (“Allonnia”), Arcaea, LLC in 2021 (“Arcaea”), Verb Biotics, LLC in 2021 (“Verb”), Ayana Bio, LLC in 2021 (“Ayana”) and BiomEdit, LLC in 2022 (“BiomEdit”) (collectively “Platform Ventures”). Each of these entities is privately held with the Company holding common equity interests in each.
The Company initially consolidated Ayana and Verb at formation as variable interests where the Company was initially the primary beneficiary, subsequently deconsolidating both in 2022 when it was concluded that was no longer the case. With respect to the investments in Motif, Allonnia, Arcaea, and BiomEdit, the Company concluded these entities represent variable interest entities, however the Company has never been the primary beneficiary of these entities. The Company accounts for its investments in Platform Ventures under the equity method.
Concurrently with the launch of each of the Platform Ventures, the Company received common equity and, with respect to Arcaea, subsequently received additional common equity. The Company generally granted each Platform Venture licenses to certain of the Company’s intellectual property and executed Technical Development Agreements (“TDAs”) that established terms under which the Company would provide technical research and development services to those entities, generally in return for fees on a fixed fee or cost-plus basis for services provided.
The common equity investments in each of the Platform Ventures were initially recorded at the then fair values determined at inception of the investments. The Company is recognizing earnings and losses on these equity method investments using the HLBV method. Accordingly, the carrying values of each of the Platform Ventures investments were reduced to zero immediately following the Company’s investments. There is no commitment for the Company to provide further financial support to these Platform Ventures, and therefore the carrying value of the equity method investments will not be reduced below zero.
The relationship with the Platform Ventures is as vendor-customer relationships and is within the scope of ASC 606, as the provision of services and corresponding license rights are considered a part of the Company’s ordinary activities. The common equity issued to the Company represent non-cash consideration under revenue contracts. While TDAs executed by the parties provides payment terms for future services, the TDAs do not provide for any transfer of goods or services between the parties as the Company contemplated provided licenses and services upon execution of future contemplated TDPs.
With the exception of Ayana and Verb, the Company’s performance obligations under the initial arrangements consisted of a number of estimated materials rights provided to the Platform Ventures (BiomEdit having four and Arcaea, Allonia and Motif having ten) to future technical research and development services and commercial licenses under individual TDPs that the Company expected to execute. These material rights equated in aggregate to the fair values of the common equity issued by each of the Platform Ventures to the Company and represented advanced payment for the license rights, which would be granted upon the execution of future applicable TDPs. As there would be no additional payment for these license
rights when future TDPs are executed, the Company determined that there are material rights associated with each of the contemplated TDPs under each of the TDAs. The value of the material rights are included in deferred revenue until recognized as revenue. The material rights are recorded as non-current deferred revenue until such time as the parties execute an applicable TDP inclusive of the material rights.
For each TDP underlying a material right, the transaction price consists of (i) either a fixed fee or, if a cost-plus arrangement, variable consideration for the most likely amount of estimated consideration to be received and (ii) non-cash consideration allocated to the material right. As the services performed by the Company under a TDP inclusive of a material right, the Company creates or enhances an asset that the Platform Ventures controls, the Company satisfies the performance obligation and recognizes revenue over time using an input method that compares total costs incurred relative to total estimated cost to complete to estimate progress under the contract. Any revisions to the estimated total budgeted costs to complete, and the resulting impact on revenue recognition, are reflected in the period of the change through a cumulative catch-up adjustment.
In August 2024, the Company and Motif mutually terminated its services agreements with no adjustment to the original consideration. As a result, the Company has no further obligation to perform services for Motif and, accordingly, the then remaining $45.4 million in material rights deferred revenue has been recognized in full as revenue during the year ended December 31, 2024.
In March 2025, the Company and BiomEdit mutually terminated its services agreements with no adjustment to the original consideration. As a result, the Company has no further obligation to perform services for BiomEdit, and accordingly, the then remaining $7.5 million in material rights deferred revenue has been recognized in full as revenue during the year ended December 31, 2025. BiomEdit is no longer considered a significant related party due to a reduction of the Company’s equity ownership interest that occurred during the year ended December 31, 2025.
Genomatica, Inc.
The Company has also partnered with Genomatica, Inc. (“Genomatica”), a previously established business that is privately held. Genomatica is deemed a variable interest entity, however the Company has never been the primary beneficiary of this entity
In 2016, the Company purchased Series A preferred stock of Genomatica, Inc. for $15.0 million and entered into a collaboration agreement, which was subsequently terminated in September 2018, whereby the Company received $40.0 million of Series B preferred stock in Genomatica in exchange for providing Genomatica with up to $40.0 million in services at no charge to Genomatica. The agreements between the Company and Genomatica were determined to be within the scope of ASC 606 directly or by analogy. The Company recognized the revenue for the combined performance obligations using an over-time input method.
The Company concluded the preferred stock investments were not in-substance common stock and therefore did not qualify for accounting as an equity method investment and should be accounted for as equity security under the measurement alternative for equity investments that do not have a readily determinable fair value. As of December 31, 2024, the Company determined that the investment had substantially no value. During the years ended December 31, 2024, and 2023, the Company recorded impairment losses of $11.9 million, and $33.0 million, respectively, related to its investment in Genomatica preferred stock.
Related Party Transactions
Significant related party transactions included in the consolidated balance sheet, excluding the Company’s investments and equity method investments, are summarized below (in thousands):
As of December 31,
20252024
Deferred revenue, current and non-current:
Allonnia$36,495 $36,495 
Arcaea28,413 28,413 
BiomEdit— 7,583 
Genomatica— 564 
$64,908 $73,055 
Significant related party transactions included in the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss, excluding the losses on the Company’s investments and equity method investments, are summarized below (in thousands):
Year Ended December 31,
202520242023
Cell Engineering revenue:
Motif FoodWorks$— $45,445 $6,660 
Arcaea— 4,653 6,024 
Genomatica564 1,453 4,232 
Ayana Bio637 1,028 1,323 
BiomEdit7,583 197 2,171 
Verb Biotics— — 584 
Allonnia— 126 523 
Other equity investees— 139 705 
$8,784 $53,041 $22,222 
Refer to Notes 7 for additional details on the Company’s investments and equity method investments held in its related parties.
v3.25.4
Employee Benefit Plan
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2025
Retirement Benefits [Abstract]  
Employee Benefit Plan Employee Benefit Plan The Company maintains a 401(k) retirement savings plan for its employees who satisfy certain eligibility requirements. Under this plan, the Company makes a 5% non-elective contribution to all eligible employees equal to up to 5% of eligible compensation, which fully vests once such eligible participant has completed two years of continuous service. Effective January 1, 2024, the 5% non-elective contribution is capped for employees earning $100,000 or more in annual salary, resulting in a maximum employer contribution of $5,000. For the years ended December 31, 2025, 2024 and 2023, the Company contributed $3.3 million, $5.8 million and $8.2 million, respectively, to the plan.
v3.25.4
Income Taxes
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2025
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]  
Income Taxes Income Taxes
For the years ended December 31, 2025, 2024 and 2023, the loss before income taxes consisted of the following (in thousands):
Year Ended December 31,
202520242023
Domestic$(308,990)$(514,354)$(890,986)
Foreign(4,610)(33,154)(1,954)
Total$(313,600)$(547,508)$(892,940)
For the years ended December 31, 2025, 2024 and 2023, the Company recorded the following income tax expense (benefit) (in thousands):
Year Ended December 31,
202520242023
Current:
State$873 $566 $690 
Foreign(346)(109)123 
Total current527 457 813 
Deferred:
Federal— — — 
State— — — 
Foreign(1,364)(936)(884)
Total deferred(1,364)(936)(884)
Income tax benefit$(837)$(479)$(71)
A reconciliation of income tax benefit computed by applying the 21% statutory U.S. Federal income tax rate to income before income taxes after the adoption of ASU 2023-09 for year ended December 31, 2025 is as follows:
Year Ended December 31,
2025
(in thousands)Percent
Tax at U.S. Statutory Rate$(65,856)21.0 %
State and Local Income Taxes (1)663 (0.2)%
Foreign Tax Effects
Other foreign jurisdictions(743)0.2 %
Nontaxable or Nondeductible Items
Stock compensation14,728 (4.7)%
Limitation on executive compensation1,495 (0.5)%
Gain/Loss on investments3,446 (1.1)%
Other461 (0.1)%
Tax Credits
Research & Development Credits(1,079)0.4 %
Changes in Valuation Allowance45,212 (14.4)%
Other Items
Other836 (0.3)%
Effective tax rate$(837)0.3 %
(1)The states and local jurisdictions that contribute to the majority (greater than 50%) of the tax effect in this category include Massachusetts and New York state and city.

A reconciliation of income tax benefit computed at the statutory corporate income tax rate to the effective income tax rate for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023 is as follows:
Year Ended December 31,
20242023
Federal income tax at statutory rate21.0 %21.0 %
State income tax0.1 %1.3 %
Change in valuation allowance(10.4)%13.6 %
Stock-based compensation(7.7)%(14.2)%
Executive compensation0.2 %8.1 %
Tax credits0.5 %0.8 %
Investments in subsidiaries and other(0.6)%(29.0)%
Other(3.0)%(1.6)%
Effective tax rate0.1 %— %

For the years ended December 31, 2025, the amount of cash income taxes paid by the Company was as follows (in thousands):

Year Ended December 31,
2025
Federal$— 
State and local:
California12 
South Carolina148 
All other state and local32 
Foreign— 
Cash income taxes, net of refunds$192 
The Company’s deferred tax assets and liabilities consist of the following (in thousands):
Year Ended December 31,
20252024
Deferred tax assets:
Net operating loss carryforwards$459,420 $332,482 
Tax credit carryforwards63,612 61,497 
Capitalized research and development costs155,755 214,208 
Accrued expenses201 986 
Deferred revenue21,765 28,549 
Stock-based compensation48,809 52,388 
Amortizable intangibles11,755 10,695 
Lease liabilities112,072 116,118 
Investments in subsidiaries59,027 57,534 
Property, plant, and equipment2,464 — 
Other1,257 1,232 
Deferred tax assets before valuation allowance936,137 875,689 
Valuation allowance(840,060)(771,852)
Deferred tax assets, net of valuation allowance96,077 103,837 
Deferred tax liabilities:
Amortizable intangibles(10,119)(11,660)
Property, plant and equipment— (545)
Lease right-of-use assets(92,052)(98,184)
Deferred tax liabilities(102,171)(110,389)
Net deferred taxes$(6,094)$(6,552)
Activity in the deferred tax assets valuation allowance is summarized as follows (in thousands):
Beginning of Period
Additions
(Subtractions)
End of Period
Deferred tax assets valuation allowance:
Year ended December 31, 2025$771,852 $68,208 $840,060 
Year ended December 31, 2024$711,778 $60,074 $771,852 
The Company has evaluated the positive and negative evidence bearing upon its ability to realize the deferred tax assets. The Company considered its history of cumulative net losses incurred since inception and has concluded that it is more-likely-than-not that it will not realize the benefits of the deferred tax assets. Accordingly, a valuation allowance has been established against the deferred tax assets as of December 31, 2025 and 2024 that are not expected to be realized. The Company reevaluates the positive and negative evidence at each reporting period. The valuation allowance increased on a net basis by $68.2 million during the year ended December 31, 2025 primarily due to increases in the deferred tax assets related to net operating loss carryforwards partially offset by the continued amortization of capitalized research and development costs as allowed by certain provisions of the One Big Beautiful Bill Act of 2025.
As of December 31, 2025, the Company had federal net operating loss carryforwards of approximately $1.8 billion, of which $139.2 million will begin to expire in 2029 and $1.6 billion can be carried forward indefinitely. As of December 31, 2025, the Company had state net operating loss carryforwards of approximately $1.5 billion, of which $1.2 billion will begin to expire in 2030 and $257.5 million can be carried forward indefinitely. The Company also had $3.9 million of foreign net operating losses as of December 31, 2025, of which $1.5 million will begin to expire in 2034 and $2.4 million can be carried forward indefinitely.
As of December 31, 2025, the Company had federal research and development tax credit carryforwards of approximately $38.8 million, which will begin to expire in 2029. As of December 31, 2025, the Company also had state research and development and investment tax credit carryforwards of approximately $31.4 million, which will begin to expire in 2030.
Under Sections 382 and 383 of the U.S. Internal Revenue Code, if a corporation undergoes an ownership change, the corporation’s ability to use its pre-change net operating loss carryforwards and other pre-change tax attributes, such as research tax credits, to offset its post-change income and taxes may be limited. The Company may have experienced an ownership change in the past and may experience ownership changes in the future as a result of future transactions in its share capital, some of which may be outside of the Company’s control. As a result, if the Company earns net taxable income, the Company's ability to use its pre-change net operating loss carryforwards, or other pre-change tax attributes, to offset U.S. federal and state taxable income and taxes may be subject to significant limitations.
The Company evaluates the impact of various tax reform proposals and modifications to existing tax treaties in all jurisdictions where it operates to assess their potential effect on its business and assumptions regarding future taxable income. The Company cannot predict whether specific proposals will be enacted, the terms of such proposals, or their potential impact on its business if enacted. In 2025, no major tax legislation was enacted in the jurisdictions where the Company operates that materially impacted its consolidated financial statements.
The Company files tax returns as prescribed by the tax laws of the jurisdictions in which the Company operates. In the normal course of business, the Company is subject to examination by U.S. federal, state, local, and foreign taxing authorities, where applicable. There are currently no tax examinations in progress. As of December 31, 2025, with few exceptions, the Company is no longer subject to U.S. federal, state, local, or foreign examinations by tax authorities for tax years before 2016. To the extent the Company has tax attribute carryforwards, the tax years in which the attribute was generated may still be adjusted upon examination by the Internal Revenue Service or state taxing authorities to the extent utilized in a future period.
The Company accounts for uncertain tax positions using a more likely than not threshold for recognizing and resolving uncertain tax positions. The evaluation of uncertain tax positions is based on factors that include, but are not limited to, changes in tax law, the measurement of tax positions taken or expected to be taken in tax returns, the effective settlement of matters subject to audit, new audit activity and changes in facts or circumstances related to a tax position. The Company evaluates uncertain tax positions on an annual basis and adjusts the level of the liability to reflect any subsequent changes in the relevant facts surrounding the uncertain positions. The Company accounts for interest and penalties related to uncertain tax positions as part of its provision for income taxes. As of December 31, 2025 and 2024, the Company had no recorded liabilities for uncertain tax positions and had no accrued interest or penalties related to uncertain tax positions.
v3.25.4
Net Loss per Share
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2025
Earnings Per Share [Abstract]  
Net Loss per Share Net Loss per Share
The calculation of earnings per common share is as follows (in thousands, except share data):
Year Ended December 31,
202520242023
Numerator:
Net loss$(312,763)$(547,029)$(892,869)
Denominator
Weighted average common shares outstanding55,457,67651,894,63948,610,507
Net loss per share$(5.64)$(10.54)$(18.37)
The following potential common shares, presented based on amounts outstanding at each period end, were excluded from the calculation of diluted net loss per share attributable to Ginkgo Bioworks Holdings, Inc. common stockholders for the periods presented because including them would have been anti-dilutive:
As of December 31,
202520242023
Unvested PSUs4,407,287— — 
Warrants to purchase Class A common stock1,295,6221,295,6221,295,622
Unvested RSUs1,262,8533,327,3983,804,189
Earnout shares (1)
3,793,0633,794,2433,803,049
Outstanding stock options366,567767,520192,208
Escrow shares (2)
— 20,332 — 
11,125,3929,205,1159,095,068
(1)Represents employee and non-employee earnout shares for which the service-based and/or market-based vesting conditions have not been satisfied.
(2)Represents restricted common stock issued in connection with asset acquisitions, held in escrow for indemnification purposes, and subject to forfeiture.
v3.25.4
Subsequent Events
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2025
Subsequent Events [Abstract]  
Subsequent Events Subsequent Events
On February 26, 2026, the Company entered into a definitive Stock Purchase Agreement (the “Stock Purchase Agreement”) to sell substantially all of the operations comprising its Biosecurity segment (the “Biosecurity Business”) to a newly formed entity (“Tower Biosecurity Holdings, Inc.”). Under the terms of the agreement, the Company will contribute the Biosecurity Business to Tower Biosecurity Holdings, Inc. in exchange for approximately 20% equity interest of the total issued and outstanding equity of Tower Biosecurity Holdings, Inc. as of closing. The transaction is expected to close in the first half of 2026, subject to customary closing conditions.

Upon closing, the Company expects to present the Biosecurity Business as discontinued operations in its consolidated financial statements and to recast prior period amounts to conform to this presentation. The transaction was approved by the Company's Board of Directors in February 2026, and, accordingly, the assets and liabilities of the Biosecurity Business are not reflected as held for sale as of December 31, 2025 and the accompanying consolidated financial statements do not reflect the effects of this transaction.
v3.25.4
Insider Trading Arrangements
 3 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2025
Trading Arrangements, by Individual  
Rule 10b5-1 Arrangement Adopted false
Non-Rule 10b5-1 Arrangement Adopted false
Rule 10b5-1 Arrangement Terminated false
Non-Rule 10b5-1 Arrangement Terminated false
v3.25.4
Insider Trading Policies and Procedures
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2025
Insider Trading Policies and Procedures [Line Items]  
Insider Trading Policies and Procedures Adopted true
v3.25.4
Cybersecurity Risk Management and Strategy Disclosure
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2025
Cybersecurity Risk Management, Strategy, and Governance [Line Items]  
Cybersecurity Risk Management Processes for Assessing, Identifying, and Managing Threats [Text Block]
Ginkgo integrates risk management into its overall cybersecurity strategy, and has implemented processes designed to identify, assess, prioritize and manage risks to protect Ginkgo’s data, intellectual property and information assets. As part of our risk governance and management, Ginkgo has developed processes designed to: identify and assess risks, evaluate those risks against pre-defined criteria, develop and implement strategies to address identified risks, monitor and review those risks and communicate risks to relevant stakeholders. Identifying Ginkgo’s cybersecurity risks involves a multifaceted approach that encompasses both internal assessments and external information sources. For example, we use security audits conducted by internal and external auditors to assess compliance with security policies and industry frameworks; vulnerability assessments to discover vulnerabilities in networks, systems and applications; and risk assessment processes to evaluate IT infrastructure, including using a risk register to identify risks, likelihood of their occurrence, potential impact, and remediation. We also oversee third-party service providers by conducting vendor diligence upon onboarding and additional monitoring. Vendors are assessed for risk based on the nature of their services, access to data and systems and supply chain risk.

Cybersecurity risk management is overseen by Ginkgo’s Chief Information Security Officer (“CISO”), who is supported by full-time information security staff. The CISO advises the executive team on the development and implementation of the information security program.
Ginkgo incorporates learning from its cybersecurity risk management process into its overall cybersecurity program. To date, Ginkgo has not experienced a cybersecurity incident that resulted in a material effect on our business strategy, results of operations, or financial condition. Despite our efforts, we cannot provide assurance that we will not be materially affected in the future by cybersecurity risks or any future material incidents. For more information, see Item 1A. Risk Factors, “Significant disruptions to our and our service providers’ information technology systems or data security incidents could result in significant financial, legal, regulatory, business and reputational harm to us.”
Cybersecurity Risk Management Processes Integrated [Flag] true
Cybersecurity Risk Management Processes Integrated [Text Block] Ginkgo integrates risk management into its overall cybersecurity strategy, and has implemented processes designed to identify, assess, prioritize and manage risks to protect Ginkgo’s data, intellectual property and information assets. As part of our risk governance and management, Ginkgo has developed processes designed to: identify and assess risks, evaluate those risks against pre-defined criteria, develop and implement strategies to address identified risks, monitor and review those risks and communicate risks to relevant stakeholders.
Cybersecurity Risk Management Third Party Engaged [Flag] true
Cybersecurity Risk Third Party Oversight and Identification Processes [Flag] true
Cybersecurity Risk Materially Affected or Reasonably Likely to Materially Affect Registrant [Flag] false
Cybersecurity Risk Board of Directors Oversight [Text Block] The Board provides regular oversight of the Company’s cybersecurity risk management program. The CISO presents to the Board and the audit committee of our Board (the “Audit Committee”) at least annually and quarterly updates via business review dashboards. The Board provides guidance to the CISO, including with respect to any changes to business priorities, risk tolerance, or security initiatives. These briefings are also augmented by ongoing and continuous interactions between the Board and the CISO, as needed.
Cybersecurity Risk Board Committee or Subcommittee Responsible for Oversight [Text Block]
The Board provides regular oversight of the Company’s cybersecurity risk management program. The CISO presents to the Board and the audit committee of our Board (the “Audit Committee”) at least annually and quarterly updates via business review dashboards. The Board provides guidance to the CISO, including with respect to any changes to business priorities, risk tolerance, or security initiatives. These briefings are also augmented by ongoing and continuous interactions between the Board and the CISO, as needed.

Ginkgo's CISO has primary responsibility for assessing and managing Ginkgo’s risks from cybersecurity threats. The CISO has public and private-sector experience in information technology and has served as Ginkgo’s CISO since 2025. Executive leadership provides oversight and governance through monthly business reviews of the cybersecurity program.

Ginkgo also has a Disclosure Committee, which is composed of representatives from executive leadership from various departments across Ginkgo (e.g., legal, finance, accounting). Their role is to determine materiality of a cyber incident and provide guidance with respect to any disclosure obligations resulting from a cyber incident.
Cybersecurity Risk Process for Informing Board Committee or Subcommittee Responsible for Oversight [Text Block] The CISO presents to the Board and the audit committee of our Board (the “Audit Committee”) at least annually and quarterly updates via business review dashboards. The Board provides guidance to the CISO, including with respect to any changes to business priorities, risk tolerance, or security initiatives. These briefings are also augmented by ongoing and continuous interactions between the Board and the CISO, as needed.
Cybersecurity Risk Role of Management [Text Block]
Ginkgo's CISO has primary responsibility for assessing and managing Ginkgo’s risks from cybersecurity threats. The CISO has public and private-sector experience in information technology and has served as Ginkgo’s CISO since 2025. Executive leadership provides oversight and governance through monthly business reviews of the cybersecurity program.
Cybersecurity Risk Management Positions or Committees Responsible [Flag] true
Cybersecurity Risk Management Positions or Committees Responsible [Text Block]
Ginkgo's CISO has primary responsibility for assessing and managing Ginkgo’s risks from cybersecurity threats. The CISO has public and private-sector experience in information technology and has served as Ginkgo’s CISO since 2025. Executive leadership provides oversight and governance through monthly business reviews of the cybersecurity program.
Cybersecurity Risk Management Expertise of Management Responsible [Text Block]
Ginkgo's CISO has primary responsibility for assessing and managing Ginkgo’s risks from cybersecurity threats. The CISO has public and private-sector experience in information technology and has served as Ginkgo’s CISO since 2025. Executive leadership provides oversight and governance through monthly business reviews of the cybersecurity program.
Cybersecurity Risk Process for Informing Management or Committees Responsible [Text Block]
Ginkgo also has a Disclosure Committee, which is composed of representatives from executive leadership from various departments across Ginkgo (e.g., legal, finance, accounting). Their role is to determine materiality of a cyber incident and provide guidance with respect to any disclosure obligations resulting from a cyber incident.
Cybersecurity Risk Management Positions or Committees Responsible Report to Board [Flag] true
v3.25.4
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Policies)
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2025
Accounting Policies [Abstract]  
Basis of Presentation
Basis of Presentation
The accompanying consolidated financial statements have been prepared in conformity with the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) and generally accepted accounting principles in the United States of America (“GAAP”). Any reference in these notes to applicable guidance is meant to refer to the authoritative GAAP as found in the Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) of the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”).
Principles of Consolidation
Principles of Consolidation
The accompanying consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company, its wholly owned subsidiaries, majority owned subsidiaries and variable interest entities if the Company is the primary beneficiary. All intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated.
Reverse Stock Split
Reverse Stock Split
On August 19, 2024 (the “Effective Date”), with the approval of the Company's board of directors and shareholders, the Company effected a one-for-forty (1:40) reverse stock split (the “Reverse Stock Split”) for the Company’s common stock (inclusive of Class A common stock, Class B common stock and Class C common stock, par value $0.0001 per share). Accordingly, all common shares, common stock equity awards and common stock per share amounts presented herein have been retrospectively adjusted to reflect the Reverse Stock Split.
On the Effective Date, every forty shares of common stock issued and outstanding immediately prior to the Effective Date were automatically combined into one share of such class of common stock without any change to the par value per share. The number of shares reserved under the Company’s equity plans and the number of shares underlying awards outstanding under the Company’s equity plans was reduced proportionately. No fractional shares were issued in connection with the
Reverse Stock Split. Shareholders entitled to receive a fractional share as a result of the Reverse Stock Split received a cash payment in lieu of such fractional shares. The number of authorized shares of common stock was not reduced.
Variable Interest Entities
Variable Interest Entities
The Company evaluates its variable interests in variable interest entities (“VIE”) and consolidates VIEs when the Company is the primary beneficiary. The Company determines whether it is the primary beneficiary of each VIE based on its assessment of whether the Company possesses both (i) the power to direct the activities that most significantly affect the VIE’s economic performance and (ii) the obligation to absorb losses that could be significant to the VIE or the right to receive benefits that could be significant to the VIE. The Company reevaluates the accounting for its VIEs upon the occurrence of events that could change the primary beneficiary conclusion. As of December 31, 2025 and 2024, the maximum risk of loss related to the Company’s VIEs was limited to the carrying value of its investment in such entities.
Use of Estimates
Use of Estimates
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, revenues and expenses, and the disclosure of contingent liabilities in the consolidated financial statements. The Company bases its estimates on historical experience and other market-specific or relevant assumptions that it believes to be reasonable under the circumstances. Reported amounts and disclosures reflect the overall economic conditions that management believes are most likely to occur, and the anticipated measures management intends to take. Actual results could differ materially from those estimates. All revisions to accounting estimates are recognized in the period in which the estimates are revised.
Concentrations of Credit Risk
Concentrations of Credit Risk
Financial instruments that potentially subject the Company to concentrations of credit risk primarily consist of cash and cash equivalents, restricted cash, trade accounts receivable, marketable securities and notes receivable. The Company’s cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash are maintained in bank deposit accounts and money market funds that regularly exceed federally insured limits. The Company is exposed to credit risk on its cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash in the event of default by the financial institutions to the extent account balances exceed the amount insured by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation. The Company believes that it is not exposed to significant credit risk as its deposits are generally held in financial institutions that management believes to be of high credit quality. To date, the Company has not experienced any material write-offs related to its trade accounts receivable. A portion of the Company’s Biosecurity revenue is derived from sales of services to foreign government agencies in certain developing countries. The Company is exposed to credit risk on its marketable securities. The Company’s policy is for no one issuer or group of issuers from the same holding company is to exceed 10% of the marketable securities portfolio at the time of purchase, with the exception of U.S. government securities or agencies, U.S. Treasuries, bank sweep and deposit programs and money market funds. The Company’s maximum credit risk exposure with respect to notes receivable is equivalent to the carrying value of the notes as of the balance sheet date.
For the year ended December 31, 2025, one customer in the Cell Engineering segment accounted for 15% of the Company’s total revenue, while one customer in the Biosecurity segment accounted for 12% of the Company’s total revenue. For the year ended December 31, 2024, two customers in the Cell Engineering segment accounted for 13% and 20% of the Company’s total revenue, while one customer in the Biosecurity segment accounted for 16% of the Company’s total revenue. For the year ended December 31, 2023, one customer in the Cell Engineering segment and one customer in the Biosecurity segment accounted for 12% and 11%, respectively, of the Company's total revenue.
Cash and Cash Equivalents
Cash and Cash Equivalents
The Company’s cash is comprised of bank deposits, overnight sweep accounts and money market funds. The Company considers all highly liquid investments with original maturities of three months or less at the date of purchase to be cash equivalents. The carrying value of the Company’s cash and cash equivalents approximate fair value due to their short-term maturities.
Restricted Cash
Restricted Cash
Restricted cash primarily includes cash balances collateralizing letters of credit associated with the Company’s facility leases and customer prepayments requiring segregation and restrictions in its use in accordance with the customer
agreement. Restricted cash is included in prepaid expenses and other current assets and other non-current assets on the consolidated balance sheet.
Allowance for Credit Losses
Allowance for Credit Losses
The Company maintains an allowance for credit losses to provide for the estimated amounts of receivables that will not be collected over the estimated life of the assets. The allowance is calculated by considering previous loss history, delinquency of receivables balances, current economic conditions and anticipated future economic conditions in the geographies and industries in which the Company’s customers operate. To the extent an individual customer’s credit quality deteriorates, the Company measures an allowance based on the risk characteristics of the individual customer. Once a receivable is deemed to be uncollectible, such balance is charged against the allowance. The allowance is calculated at each reporting period with changes recorded to general and administrative expense in the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss. Accounts receivable are net of an allowance for credit losses of $2.2 million and $1.9 million at December 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively. There were no material changes in the allowance for credit losses for the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024.
Marketable Securities
In 2025, the Company began investing its excess cash in marketable debt securities. All debt securities are classified as available-for-sale at the time of purchase. Available-for-sale debt securities, including those with maturities extending beyond one year, are classified as current assets on the balance sheet due to their highly liquid nature and because they are considered available for use in current operations. Debt securities that are highly liquid and have original maturities of three months or less at the time of acquisition are classified as cash equivalents on the consolidated balance sheet. The Company considers securities to be highly liquid if they can be readily converted to cash with an insignificant risk of changes in value, typically due to active markets and high credit quality.
Unrealized gains and losses on available-for-sale marketable debt securities that are not related to credit losses are included in other comprehensive income (loss) in the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss. Amortization of premium or accretion of discount, along with interest income earned on debt securities, is included in interest income, net. Realized gains and losses, if any, are included in other income (expense), net, and the cost of securities sold is determined using the specific-identification method.
As of the balance sheet date, the Company evaluates its debt securities in an unrealized loss position to determine the extent of the loss, if any, that is attributable to expected credit losses. Expected credit losses on debt securities are recorded as an allowance on the balance sheet, with an offsetting amount recognized in other income (expense), net, in the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss. To date, the Company has not recorded any credit losses on its marketable debt securities.
Marketable securities also includes equity securities of publicly-traded companies that are considered to be available for use in current operations. Equity securities of publicly-traded companies that are not considered to be available for use in current operations are presented within investments on the consolidated balance sheet.
Property, Plant and Equipment, net
Property, Plant and Equipment, net
Property, plant and equipment are stated at cost less accumulated depreciation. Land is stated at cost. Depreciation is computed using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the assets or the remaining lease term for leasehold improvements. Estimated lives of property, plant and equipment are as follows:
Estimated Useful Life
Computer equipment and software
2 to 5 years
Furniture and fixtures7 years
Lab equipment
1 to 5 years
Buildings and facilities
15 to 30 years
Vehicles5 years
Leasehold improvementsShorter of useful life or remaining lease term
Expenditures for maintenance and repairs are expensed as incurred. When assets are retired or otherwise disposed of, the related cost and accumulated depreciation is removed from the balance sheet and any resulting gain or loss is recorded in
the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss. Construction in progress relates to assets which have not been placed in service as of the period end.
Equity Method Investments
Equity Method Investments
The Company utilizes the equity method to account for its investments in common stock, or in-substance common stock, when it possesses the ability to exercise significant influence, but not control, over the operating and financial policies of the investee. The Company uses judgment when determining the level of influence over the operating and financial policies of the investee considering key factors including, among others, the Company’s ownership interest, representation on the board of directors, participation in policy-making decisions and material contractual arrangements and obligations. Income and losses are allocated based upon relative ownership interest unless there is a substantive profit-sharing agreement in place.
For investments with a substantive profit-sharing agreement, the Company utilizes the hypothetical liquidation at book value (“HLBV”) method to allocate income and losses from the equity method investment. Under the HLBV method, the Company utilizes the capital account at the end of the period assuming the book value of the entity was liquidated or sold minus the same calculation at the beginning of the period. The difference is the share of earnings or losses attributable to the equity method investment.
Under the equity method, if there is a commitment for the Company to fund the losses of its equity method investees, the Company would continue to record its share of losses resulting in a negative equity method investment, which would be presented as a liability on the consolidated balance sheet. Commitments may be explicit and may include formal guarantees, legal obligations, or arrangements by contract. Implicit commitments may arise from reputational expectations, intercompany relationships, statements by the Company of its intention to provide support, a history of providing financial support or other facts and circumstances. When the Company has no commitment to fund the losses of its equity method investees, the carrying value of its equity method investments will not be reduced below zero. The Company had no commitment to fund additional losses of its equity method investments during the years ended December 31, 2025, 2024 and 2023.
The Company evaluates its equity method investments for impairment whenever events or circumstances indicate that the carrying value of the investment may not be recoverable. The Company considers the investee’s financial position, forecasts and economic outlook, and the estimated duration and extent of losses to determine whether a recovery is anticipated. An impairment that is other-than-temporary is recognized in the period identified. The Company has not recognized an impairment loss related to its equity method investments for the years ended December 31, 2025, 2024 and 2023.
The Company may elect the fair value option for its equity method investments on an investment-by-investment basis. For all equity method investments accounted for under the fair value option, the Company carries the equity method investment at fair value and records all subsequent changes in fair value as a component of loss on equity method investments in the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss.
Investments
Investments
Investments include marketable equity securities in publicly-traded companies, non-marketable equity securities in privately-held companies, Simple Agreement for Future Equity (“SAFE”) and warrants, in each case, in which the Company does not possess the ability to exercise significant influence over the investee.
Investments in marketable equity securities or warrants of publicly-traded companies are measured at fair value with subsequent changes in fair value recorded in loss on investments in the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss. Marketable equity securities are classified as non-current on the balance sheet if they are not currently available for sale.
Investments in non-marketable equity securities of privately-held companies and SAFEs, which do not have readily determinable fair values, are carried at cost, less any impairments, plus or minus changes resulting from observable price changes in orderly transactions for the identical or a similar investment of the same issuer. Each period the Company assesses relevant transactions to identify observable price changes, and the Company regularly monitors these investments to evaluate whether there is an indication of impairment. An equity security without a readily determinable fair value is written down to its fair value if a qualitative assessment indicates that the investment is impaired and the fair value of the
investment is less than its carrying value. For periods in which there is no estimate of fair value, the Company evaluates whether an event or change in circumstances has occurred that may have a significant adverse effect on the value of the investment. See Notes 5 and 7 for additional information on Investments.
Fair Value Measurements
Fair Value Measurements
The Company categorizes its assets and liabilities measured at fair value in accordance with the authoritative accounting guidance that establishes a consistent framework for measuring fair value and requires disclosures for each major asset and liability category measured at fair value on either a recurring or nonrecurring basis.
ASC 820, Fair Value Measurement (“ASC 820”), establishes a fair value hierarchy for instruments measured at fair value that distinguishes between assumptions based on market data (observable inputs) and the Company’s own assumptions (unobservable inputs). Observable inputs are inputs that market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability based on market data obtained from sources independent of the Company. Unobservable inputs are inputs that reflect the Company’s assumptions about the inputs that market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability and are developed based on the best information available in the circumstances.
ASC 820 identifies fair value as the exchange price, or exit price, representing the amount that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants. As a basis for considering market participant assumptions in fair value measurements, ASC 820 establishes a three-tier fair value hierarchy that distinguishes among the following:
•Level 1- Quoted prices (unadjusted) in active markets for identical assets or liabilities;
•Level 2- Inputs other than quoted prices included within Level 1 that are either directly or indirectly observable; and
•Level 3- Unobservable inputs in which little or no market activity exists, therefore requiring an entity to develop its own assumptions about the assumptions that market participants would use in pricing.
To the extent that the valuation is based on models or inputs that are either less observable or unobservable in the market, the determination of fair value requires more judgment. Accordingly, the degree of judgment exercised by the Company in determining fair value is greatest for instruments categorized in Level 3. A financial instrument’s level within the fair value hierarchy is based on the lowest level of any input that is significant to the fair value measurement.
The Company valued its money market fund holdings, notes receivable marketable debt securities, marketable equity securities, warrant liabilities and contingent consideration liabilities at fair value on a recurring basis. The carrying amounts of the Company’s other financial instruments, which include accounts receivable, certain prepaid expenses and other current assets, accounts payable and accrued expenses and other current liabilities approximate their fair values due to their short-term nature.
Impairment of Long-Lived Assets
Impairment of Long-Lived Assets
The Company reviews its long-lived assets or asset groups for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying value of the assets may not be recoverable. Recoverability is measured by comparing the carrying value of the long-lived assets to the future undiscounted cash flows expected to be generated by the assets. In determining the expected future cash flows, the Company uses assumptions believed to be reasonable, but which inherently uncertain. Actual future cash flows may differ from the estimates used in impairment testing. The Company recognizes an impairment loss when and to the extent that the estimated fair value of long-lived asset is less than the carrying value. See Notes 3, 10 and 11 for a description of impairment losses recorded on long-lived assets.
Business Combinations
Business Combinations
The Company accounts for business combinations using the acquisition method of accounting. The Company recognizes the identifiable assets acquired and liabilities assumed at their acquisition-date fair values and recognizes any excess of the total consideration paid over the fair value of the identifiable net assets as goodwill. Any purchase price that is considered contingent consideration is measured at its estimated fair value at the acquisition date and remeasured at each reporting period, with changes in estimated fair value recorded in general and administrative expenses in the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss. Acquisition transaction costs are expensed when incurred. The operating results of an acquisition are included in the Company’s consolidated financial statements as of the acquisition date.
Intangible Assets, net
Intangible Assets, net
Intangible assets, net consist of certain definite-lived assets including patents, processes and know-how related to technology acquired through business combinations and asset acquisitions. The Company amortizes such intangible assets on a straight-line basis over their estimated useful life.
Goodwill
Goodwill
Goodwill represented the excess of the acquisition cost over the fair market value of the net assets acquired. All goodwill was allocated to the Cell Engineering reporting unit and segment identified in Note 16. The Company considers various qualitative factors that could indicate impairment of goodwill such as macroeconomic conditions, industry and market environment, overall financial performance of the Company, cash flow from operating activities and market capitalization. If the qualitative assessment indicates that it is more-likely-than-not that the fair value of the reporting unit is less than its carrying amount, the Company performs a quantitative assessment to compare the fair value of the reporting unit to its carrying value, including goodwill. If the carrying value of the reporting unit exceeds the fair value, an impairment loss is recognized limited to the total amount of goodwill allocated to that reporting unit. A combination of the income approach and the market approach may be used to determine fair value of the reporting unit. The Company recorded a full goodwill impairment during the year ended December 31, 2024 (see Note 9). No impairment losses were recognized during the years ended December 31, 2025, and 2023.
Leases
Leases
In accordance with ASC 842, Leases, the Company determines if an arrangement is or contains a lease at contract inception based on the terms and conditions in the contract. A contract contains a lease if there is an identified asset and the Company has the right to control the asset. For leases with terms greater than 12 months, the Company recognizes a right-of-use asset (“ROU asset”) and a lease liability as of the lease commencement date on the balance sheet. ROU assets represent the Company’s right to use an underlying asset over the lease term and lease liabilities represent the Company’s obligation to make lease payments arising from the lease. Lease ROU assets and liabilities are measured based on the present value of fixed lease payments that are unpaid as of the lease commencement date. The Company’s ROU assets balance is increased by any initial direct costs and reduced by lease incentives received or expected to be received. Some of the Company's leases include options to extend or terminate the lease; these options are included in the lease term for calculations of its ROU assets and liabilities when it is reasonably certain that the Company will exercise those options.
The Company’s leases are classified as either operating or finance, as determined at inception, with the classification affecting the pattern of expense recognition in the statement of operations. A lease is classified as a finance lease if risks and rewards are conveyed without the transfer of control. For operating leases, expense is generally recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term. For finance leases, interest on the lease liability is recognized using the effective interest method, while the ROU asset is amortized on a straight-line basis from the commencement date to the earlier of the end of the useful life of the ROU asset or the end of the lease term. Leases with an initial term of 12 months or less which meet the definition of a short-term lease are not recorded on the balance sheet and the lease expense for these leases is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term. In limited instances, the Company acts as a lessor, primarily with certain real estate subleases. Finance leases, short-term leases and subleases are not a significant component of the Company's financial condition or results of operations. The current portion of the Company’s operating lease liabilities is included in accrued expenses and other current liabilities on the balance sheet.
The Company has lease agreements with both lease and non-lease components (such as real estate taxes, insurance and common area maintenance charges) and has elected the practical expedient to combine these lease and non-lease components for its real estate leases and non-lab equipment leases. The Company has not elected this practical expedient for lab equipment leases and the lease and non-lease components are accounted for separately for these leases. Non-lease components are typically variable in nature and are recognized as lease expense in the period in which they arise.
As most of the Company’s leases do not provide an implicit interest rate, the Company uses an incremental borrowing rate based on the information available at lease commencement date in determining the present value of lease payments and uses the implicit rate when it is readily determinable. The Company’s incremental borrowing rate is based on management’s estimate of the rate of interest the Company would have to pay to borrow on a fully collateralized basis over a similar term an amount equal to the lease payments in a similar economic environment.
Revenue Recognition
Revenue Recognition
The Company accounts for revenue in accordance with ASC 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (“ASC 606”). Under ASC 606, the Company recognizes revenue when the customer obtains control of the promised goods or services at an amount that reflects the consideration the Company expects to receive in exchange for those goods or services. To determine revenue recognition for arrangements that are within the scope of ASC 606, the Company performs the following five steps: (i) identify the contract(s) with a customer, (ii) identify the promises and distinct performance obligations in the contract, (iii) determine the transaction price, (iv) allocate the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract, and (v) recognize revenue when (or as) the Company satisfies the performance obligations.
Cell Engineering Revenue
The Company generates Cell Engineering service revenue by providing end-to-end cell engineering solutions and tools to customers.
We generate Cell Engineering revenue primarily through service and license agreements for our tools and solutions offerings. Under our automation solutions agreements we typically provide services related to the design, build, and deployment of our RAC systems as well as ongoing support services. These agreements typically include a fee for the sale and installation of RAC hardware and a fee for follow on support services and control software. Datapoints agreements typically include fixed fees for services related to producing a data package for our customers and are earned over a shorter time period than legacy cell engineering solutions projects. Under our solutions agreements, we typically provide R&D services for cell programming with the goal of producing an engineered cell that meets a mutually agreed specification. Our customers obtain license rights to the output of our services, which are primarily the optimized strains or cell lines, in order to manufacture and commercialize products derived from that licensed strain or cell line. Generally, the terms of these agreements provide that we receive some combination of: (1) service fees in the form of (i) upfront payments upon consummation of the agreement or other fixed payments, (ii) reimbursement for costs incurred for R&D services and (iii) milestone payments upon the achievement of specified technical criteria, plus (2) downstream value share payments in the form of (i) milestone payments upon the achievement of specified commercial criteria, (ii) royalties on sales of products from or comprising engineered organisms arising from the collaboration or licensing agreement and/or (iii) royalties related to cost of goods sold reductions realized by our customers. Royalties did not comprise a material amount of our revenue during any of the periods presented.
Cell Engineering revenue has historically included transactions with Platform Ventures and Legacy Structured Partnerships where we received non-cash consideration in the form of equity interests and financial instruments that are convertible into equity upon a triggering event. We view the upfront non-cash consideration as prepayments for licenses which will be granted in the future as we complete mutually agreed upon technical development plans. In these instances, we also receive cash consideration for the R&D services performed by us on a fixed fee or cost-plus basis. We are not compensated through additional milestone or royalty payments under these arrangements. As we perform R&D services under the mutually agreed upon development plans, we recognize a reduction in the prefunded obligation on a cost-plus basis. In some cases we issued the customer a prepaid Cell Engineering services credit in exchange for the upfront non-cash consideration, which can and has been drawn down as payment for R&D services performed under mutually agreed upon development plans. These arrangements are further described in Notes 7, 8, and 17.
Options to acquire additional distinct goods and services are evaluated to determine if such options provide a material right to the customer that it would not have otherwise received without entering into the contract. If so, the option is accounted for as a separate performance obligation. If not, the option is considered a marketing offer which is accounted for as a separate contract upon the customer’s election of the option.
At contract inception, the Company determines the transaction price, including fixed consideration and any estimated amounts of variable consideration. Any upfront cash payment received upon consummation of the contract is fixed and generally nonrefundable. Variable consideration is subject to a constraint, and amounts are included in the transaction price to the extent that it is probable that a significant reversal in the amount of cumulative revenue recognized will not occur. This is attained when the uncertainty associated with the variable consideration is subsequently resolved. Variable consideration may include reimbursement for costs incurred for the Company’s research and development efforts, milestone payments upon the achievement of certain technical and/or commercial criteria, and royalties on sales of products from or comprising engineered organisms arising from the contract. With respect to the research and development reimbursements and milestone payments, the Company uses the most likely amount method to estimate variable consideration. Milestone payments are generally not included in the transaction price until the milestone is achieved.
Certain agreements include payment in the form of equity securities or other financial instruments that convert into equity upon a triggering event. Any non-cash consideration is measured at its estimated fair value at contract inception. For equity securities and financial instruments that are not actively traded, the estimated fair value is generally determined by referencing a recent financing round or utilizing a scenario-based valuation model. Significant unobservable inputs are used in these valuations, including expectations regarding future financings of the customer, scenario dates and probabilities, expected volatility, discount rates, and recovery rates. Changes in these assumptions can materially affect the fair value of the non-cash consideration and, consequently, the total revenue recognized for the contract. The Company did not have material non-cash consideration included in contracts entered into during the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024, but does continue to recognize non-cash revenue from contracts originating in prior periods.
For agreements with promises that are combined into a single performance obligation, the entire transaction price is allocated to the single performance obligation. For agreements with multiple performance obligations, the transaction price is allocated to the performance obligations using the relative standalone selling price methodology. For agreements featuring variable consideration, the Company allocates variable consideration to one or more, but not all, performance obligations if certain conditions are met. Specifically, the Company assesses whether the variable consideration relates solely to its efforts to satisfy the performance obligation and whether allocating such variable consideration entirely to the performance obligation is consistent with the overall allocation objective. If these conditions are not met, the Company allocates the variable consideration based on the relative standalone selling price methodology. The key assumptions utilized in determining the standalone selling price for each performance obligation include development timelines, estimated research and development costs, commercial markets, likelihood of exercise (in the case of options considered to be material rights), and probabilities of success.
For agreements where licenses or assignments are considered separate performance obligations or represent the only performance obligation, the Company recognizes revenue at the point in time when the license is effectively granted, as the licenses or assignments represent functional intellectual property. For agreements where licenses and research and development services are combined into a single performance obligation, the Company recognizes revenue over the performance period using the cost-to-cost method. This method measures progress based on the ratio of costs incurred to date to total estimated costs, as it best reflects the transfer of control to the customer for obligations satisfied over time. For automation sales the Company typically recognizes revenue at a point in time at which the hardware has been installed and passed acceptance testing at the customer site. The ongoing support services are recognized over time on a straight line basis over the related support period.
The Company evaluates its measure of progress to recognize revenue at each reporting period and, as necessary, adjusts the measure of progress and related revenue recognition. The Company’s measure of progress and revenue recognition involves significant judgment and assumptions, including, but not limited to, estimated costs to complete its performance obligations. The Company evaluates contract modifications and amendments to determine whether any changes should be accounted for prospectively or on a cumulative catch-up basis. The Company utilizes the right to invoice practical expedient when it has a right to consideration in an amount that corresponds directly with the value of the Company’s performance to date.
Royalties are recognized as revenue when (or as) the later of the sales occurrence or the satisfaction (or partial satisfaction) of the related performance obligation. The Company has determined that applying this exception is appropriate when the license granted in the contract is the predominant item to which the royalties relate.
As the Company receives upfront payments for technical services under certain of its arrangements, the Company evaluates whether any significant financing components exist given the term over which the fees will be earned may exceed one year. Based on the nature of the Company’s agreements, there are no significant financing components as the purpose of the upfront payment is not to provide financing, but rather to secure technical services, exclusivity rights, and Foundry capacity, or the timing of transfer of those goods or services is at the discretion of the customer.
Deferred revenue represents consideration received by the Company in excess of revenue recognized and primarily results from transactions where the Company receives upfront cash payments or non-cash equity consideration. In instances where the Company has received consideration in advance for an undefined number of technical development plans (“TDPs”) under its customer agreements, the Company records the advance payments as deferred revenue, net of current portion on the consolidated balance sheet. Upon the execution of a specific TDP, the Company reclassifies the estimated consideration to be earned under that TDP within the next twelve months as current deferred revenue. The Company also classifies unexercised material rights related to future TDPs as deferred revenue, net of current portion on the consolidated balance
sheet. When a TDP is executed, and the material right is exercised, the amount allocated to the material right, which will be earned within the next twelve months, is reclassified to current deferred revenue. All other deferred revenue is classified as current or non-current based on the timing of when the Company expects to earn the underlying revenue based upon the projected progress of activities under the TDP.
Through December 31, 2025 any costs to obtain contracts with customers were immaterial.
Biosecurity Revenue
The Company generates Biosecurity revenue through its biomonitoring and bioinformatics services provided to both government and non-government customers through the Company's two core offerings: Canopy and Horizon.
Prior to 2024, product revenue consisted of sales of lateral flow assay (“LFA”) diagnostic test kits, polymerase chain reaction (“PCR”) sample collection kits, and pooled test kits, which the Company sold to customers on a standalone basis. Product revenue was billed and recognized when the test kits were shipped, and risk of loss was transferred to the carrier. The Company’s test kits were generally not subject to a customer right of return except for product recalls under the rules and regulations of the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (“FDA”). The Company included shipping and handling fees billed to customers as a component of Biosecurity revenue.
Biosecurity service revenue generally consists of various biomonitoring and bioinformatics services including, but not limited to, sample collection, sample storage and transportation, outsourced laboratory analysis, access to results reported through a web-based portal, analytical reporting of results, and overall program management. The various services are generally combined into one performance obligation as they are either not distinct or have substantially the same pattern of transfer to the customer. Service revenue is generally recognized over time using the time elapsed method as the related services are performed, which best depicts the pattern of transfer to the customer.
The Company’s contracts with customers are generally three years or less in length and contain a fixed amount of consideration. Under typical payment terms for testing services, amounts are billed monthly in arrears for services performed or in advance based on contractual billing terms.
Options to acquire additional services are evaluated to determine whether they provide the customer with a material right that it would not have otherwise received without entering into the contract. If so, the option is accounted for as a separate performance obligation. If not, the option is considered a marketing offer, and upon the customer's election of the option, it is accounted for as a separate contract.
Cost of Biosecurity Revenue
Cost of Biosecurity Revenue
The cost of Biosecurity service revenue consists of costs related to the Company's biomonitoring and bioinformatics services. This includes costs incurred for sample collection equipment, services and materials, outsourced laboratory analysis, access to results reported through a proprietary web-based portal, and reporting of results to public authorities. Additionally, the cost of Biosecurity service revenue includes direct labor cost associated with bioinformatics, lab network management, delivery logistics, and customer support. Prior to 2024, cost of Biosecurity product revenue consisted of costs associated with the sale of diagnostic and sample collection test kits, which included costs incurred to purchase test kits from third parties.
Cost of Other Revenue
Cost of other revenue consists of costs related to the Company's Cell Engineering tools offerings, including Datapoints and lab automation solutions. Such costs primarily include hardware, software, materials and labor. Costs related to the Company’s end-to-end cell engineering solutions offering in which the Company retains rights to intellectual property are included in research and development expenses.
Research and Development Costs
Research and Development Costs
Research and development costs are expensed as incurred. Research and development costs consist of direct and indirect internal costs related to specific projects and initiatives, acquired intellectual property deemed to be in-process research and development, as well as fees paid to other entities that conduct certain research and development activities on the Company’s behalf.
Patent Costs
Patent Costs
The Company expenses all costs as incurred in connection with the filing, prosecution, maintenance, defense, and enforcement of patent applications, including direct application fees and related legal and consulting expenses. Patent costs are included in general and administrative expenses within the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss.
Stock-Based Compensation
Stock-Based Compensation
The Company measures and recognizes compensation expense for all stock-based awards based on estimated grant-date fair values recognized over the requisite service period. For awards that vest solely based on a service condition, the Company recognizes compensation expense on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period. For awards that vest based on multiple conditions, the Company recognizes compensation expense using the accelerated attribution method on a tranche-by-tranche basis over the requisite service period such that the amount of compensation expense recognized at each reporting period is at least equal to the vested tranches at that date. For awards with a performance-based vesting condition, the Company recognizes stock-based compensation when achievement of the performance condition is deemed probable. Upon achieving a performance condition that was not previously considered as probable, the Company records a cumulative catch-up adjustment to reflect the portion of the grantee’s requisite service that has been provided to date. For awards with market conditions, the compensation expense recognized over the requisite service period is not reversed if the market condition is not satisfied. The Company recognizes forfeitures as they occur.
The Company estimates the grant date fair value of stock options using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model, inclusive of assumptions for expected term, expected volatility, risk-free interest rate and expected dividend yield. The expected term is determined using the “simplified” method, which estimates the expected term as the average of the vesting term plus the contractual term. The Company uses the “simplified” method as it does not have sufficient historical data regarding employee exercise behavior. Expected volatility is based on the historical volatility of the Company's Class A common stock. The risk-free interest rate is based on the yield available on U.S. Treasury zero-coupon issues similar in duration to the expected term of the stock options. The Company has not paid, and does not expect to pay, dividends in the foreseeable future.
For awards with market conditions, the Company recognizes stock-based compensation based on the estimated grant-date fair value of the awards, determined using a Monte Carlo simulation model. This model incorporates assumptions for expected stock price volatility, risk-free interest rates, expected term, and expected dividend yield. Volatility is estimated using either the historical volatility of the Company’s Class A common stock or a weighted average of its own historical volatility and the historical volatility of selected comparable publicly traded companies, particularly for awards granted when there was limited trading history for the Company’s Class A common stock. The risk-free interest rate is derived from the yield on U.S. Treasury zero-coupon securities with a duration similar to the expected term of the awards. The expected term equals the contractual term, and a dividend yield of zero is assumed.
Income Taxes
Income Taxes
The Company accounts for income taxes using the asset and liability method, which requires the recognition of deferred tax assets and liabilities for the expected future tax consequences of events that have been recognized in the consolidated financial statements or in the Company’s tax returns. Under this method, deferred tax assets and liabilities are determined based on differences between the financial statement carrying amounts and the tax bases of the assets and liabilities using the enacted tax rates in effect in the years in which the differences are expected to reverse. A valuation allowance against deferred tax assets is recorded if, based on the weight of the available evidence, it is more likely than not that some or all of the deferred tax assets will not be realized. Potential for recovery of deferred tax assets is evaluated by considering several factors, including estimating the future taxable profits expected, estimating future reversals of existing taxable temporary differences, considering taxable profits in carryback periods, and considering prudent and feasible tax planning strategies.
The Company accounts for uncertain tax positions using a more-likely-than-not threshold for recognizing and resolving uncertain tax positions. The evaluation of uncertain tax positions is based on factors including, but not limited to, changes in the law, the measurement of tax positions taken or expected to be taken in tax returns, the effective settlement of matters subject to audit, new audit activity, and changes in facts or circumstances related to a tax position. The Company evaluates uncertain tax positions on an annual basis and adjusts the level of the liability to reflect any subsequent changes in the relevant facts surrounding the uncertain positions. The Company accounts for interest and penalties related to uncertain tax positions as part of its provision for income taxes.
Comprehensive Loss
Comprehensive Loss
Comprehensive loss is defined as the change in equity during a period from transactions and other events and circumstances from non-owner sources. Other comprehensive loss consists of foreign currency translation adjustments and unrealized gains on available-for-sale securities.
Net Loss per Share
Net Loss per Share
The Company computes basic net loss per share by dividing the net loss attributable to Ginkgo Bioworks Holdings, Inc. common stockholders by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the period. For the purposes of the net loss per share calculation, the Company has combined Class A common stock, Class B common stock, and Class C common stock, as all classes of common stock are legally entitled to equal per-share distributions, whether through dividends or liquidation.
Diluted net loss per share is computed using the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the period, increased to include the effect of dilutive potential common shares, such as outstanding stock options, unvested restricted stock awards, unvested restricted stock units, warrants, and contingently issued shares. Dilutive securities are excluded from the calculation of diluted weighted average common shares outstanding if their effect would be anti-dilutive under the treasury stock method.
Recent Accounting Pronouncements
Recent Accounting Pronouncements
Recently Adopted Accounting Pronouncements
In December 2023, the FASB issued ASU No. 2023-09, Income Taxes (Topic 740), which focuses on improvements to income tax disclosures primarily related to the rate reconciliation and income taxes paid information. The amendments in this ASU require that public business entities on an annual basis (1) disclose specific categories in the tabular rate reconciliation, using both percentages and reporting currency amounts, and (2) provide additional information for reconciling items that meet a quantitative threshold. In addition, all entities are required to disclose income taxes paid, net of refunds received disaggregated by federal, state/local, and foreign and by jurisdiction if the amount is at least 5% of total income tax payments, net of refunds received. The amendments should be applied on a prospective basis, with retrospective application permitted. The Company adopted this standard on January 1, 2025 using the prospective method. The adoption did not have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements or related disclosures.
Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements
In November 2024, the FASB issued ASU No. 2024-03, Income Statement - Reporting Comprehensive Income - Expense Disaggregation Disclosures (Subtopic 220-40): Disaggregation of Income Statement Expenses. This ASU requires public business entities to disaggregate, on both an interim and annual basis, each relevant expense caption presented on the face of the income statement into specific expense categories. Additionally, entities are required to provide a qualitative description of amounts remaining in relevant expense captions that are not separately disaggregated quantitatively, as well as disclosure of the total amount of selling expenses and, in annual reporting periods, an entity's definition of selling expenses. The amendments in this ASU are effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2026, and interim reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2027. Early adoption is permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the impact that this ASU will have on its disclosures in the consolidated financial statements.
v3.25.4
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Tables)
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2025
Accounting Policies [Abstract]  
Schedule of Property, Plant and Equipment Net Estimated lives of property, plant and equipment are as follows:
Estimated Useful Life
Computer equipment and software
2 to 5 years
Furniture and fixtures7 years
Lab equipment
1 to 5 years
Buildings and facilities
15 to 30 years
Vehicles5 years
Leasehold improvementsShorter of useful life or remaining lease term
Property, plant and equipment, net consisted of the following (in thousands):
As of December 31,
20252024
Lab equipment$146,279 $150,887 
Leasehold improvements140,513 135,964 
Buildings and facilities49,760 48,255 
Construction in progress192 1,984 
Computer equipment and software9,056 14,897 
Furniture and fixtures6,520 6,545 
Land6,060 6,060 
Total property, plant, and equipment358,380 364,592 
Less: Accumulated depreciation(190,597)(160,872)
Property, plant and equipment, net$167,783 $203,720 
v3.25.4
Restructuring (Tables)
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2025
Restructuring and Related Activities [Abstract]  
Schedule of Restructuring Reserve by Type of Cost
The following table presents restructuring costs incurred during the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024, which are recorded as “Restructuring charges” in the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss (in thousands):    
    
Year Ended December 31,
20252024
Employee termination costs and other$11,398 $19,349 
Impairment of right-of-use asset (1)— 4,823 
Total restructuring$11,398 $24,172 
(1) Relates to the sublease of a facility in connection with the restructuring and reflects the excess of the right-of-use asset's carrying value over its fair value, which was determined based on estimates of future discounted cash flows and is classified as Level 3 in the fair value hierarchy.
The following table presents the change in the accrued liability balance related to the restructuring activities, which is included in “Accounts payable” and “Accrued expenses and other current liabilities” in the accompanying consolidated balance sheet as of December 31, 2025 (in thousands):
Employee Termination Costs and Other
Liability balance at December 31, 2024$2,854 
Expenses incurred11,398 
Cash payments(11,651)
Liability balance at December 31, 2025$2,601 
v3.25.4
Acquisitions and Divestitures (Tables)
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2025
Business Combination [Abstract]  
Schedule of Deconsolidated Assets and Liabilities
The following table presents Zymergen’s consolidated assets and liabilities which have been deconsolidated from the Company's consolidated balance sheet as of October 2, 2023. The amounts presented are before the elimination of intercompany balances.

October 2, 2023
Assets
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents$34,321 
Accounts receivable, net11,047 
Prepaid expenses and other current assets11,190 
Total current assets56,558 
Property, plant and equipment, net8,938 
Operating lease right-of-use assets135,800 
Intangible assets, net16,679 
Goodwill10,660 
Other non-current assets19,486 
Total assets248,121 
Liabilities
Current liabilities:
Deferred revenue730 
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities20,426 
Total current liabilities21,156 
Non-current liabilities:
Operating lease liabilities, non-current184,301 
Other non-current liabilities172 
Total liabilities205,629 
Net assets deconsolidated$42,492 
The following table presents Zymergen’s results of operations for the periods presented, included in the Company's consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss prior to the elimination of intercompany balances.
Period from January 1, 2023 - October 2, 2023
Total revenue$8,370 
Total operating expenses200,975 
Loss from operations(192,605)
Total other income, net23,620 
Loss before income taxes(168,985)
Income tax provision14 
Net loss$(168,999)
v3.25.4
Fair Value Measurements (Tables)
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2025
Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract]  
Summary of Assets and Liabilities That Are Measured at Fair Value on Recurring Basis
The following tables present information about the Company’s financial assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis (in thousands):
December 31, 2025
TotalLevel 1Level 2Level 3
Assets:
Cash and cash equivalents:
Money market funds$146,136 $146,136 $— $— 
Marketable securities:
Commercial paper4,060 — 4,060 — 
U.S. Treasury securities118,038 118,038 — — 
Corporate bonds114,666 — 114,666 — 
Marketable equity securities18,654 18,654 — — 
Investments:
Synlogic, Inc. warrants (1)
190 — 190 — 
Marketable equity securities1,562 1,562 — — 
Other non-current assets:
Notes receivable7,126 — — 7,126 
Total assets$410,432 $284,390 $118,916 $7,126 
Liabilities:
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities:
Contingent consideration$5,438 $— $— $5,438 
Other non-current liabilities:
Contingent consideration252 — — 252 
Total liabilities$5,690 $— $— $5,690 

December 31, 2024
TotalLevel 1Level 2Level 3
Assets:
Cash and cash equivalents:
Money market funds$521,457 $521,457 $— $— 
Investments:
Synlogic, Inc. warrants (1)
238 — 238 — 
Marketable equity securities17,559 17,559 — — 
Other non-current assets:
Notes receivable14,170 — 12,327 1,843 
Total assets$553,424 $539,016 $12,565 $1,843 
Liabilities:
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities:
Contingent consideration$5,438 $— $— 5,438 
Other non-current liabilities:
Contingent consideration4,484 — — 4,484 
Total liabilities$9,922 $— $— $9,922 
(1)The fair value of Synlogic, Inc. warrants is calculated as the quoted price of the underlying common stock, less the unpaid exercise price of the warrants.
Fair Value, Liabilities Measured on Recurring Basis, Unobservable Input Reconciliation
The table below provides a reconciliation of the beginning and ending balances for assets and liabilities measured at fair value using Level 3 significant unobservable inputs for the years ended December 31 (in thousands):
 Notes ReceivablePrivate Placement WarrantsContingent Consideration
Balance at January 1, 2025$1,843 $— $9,922 
Additions159 — — 
Change in fair value(350)— (4,232)
Settlements and payments(50)— — 
Transfers into Level 36,987 — — 
Conversion to preferred stock(1,463)— — 
Balance at December 31, 2025$7,126 $— $5,690 
Balance at January 1, 2024$14,129 $1,846 $24,273 
Additions1,407 — — 
Change in fair value(3,217)(1,697)3,214 
Settlements and payments— — (17,565)
Transfers to Level 2— (149)— 
Conversion to common stock(10,476)— — 
Balance at December 31, 2024$1,843 $— $9,922 
Summary of Fair Value Measurements Inputs
The following table provides quantitative information regarding Level 3 inputs used in the fair value measurements of contingent consideration liabilities as of the periods presented:
Contingent Consideration LiabilityValuation TechniqueUnobservable InputDecember 31, 2025
Range		December 31, 2024
Range
Earnout payments (FGen and Dutch DNA acquisitions)Probability-weighted present valueProbability of payment
5% - 10%
5% - 50%
Discount rate14.9 %
9.3%
Earnout payments (Dutch DNA acquisition) (1)
Discounted cash flowProjected years of payments
2028-2031
Discount rate10.6 %
(1) During the year ended December 31, 2025, all Dutch DNA milestones valued using the discounted cash flow method were reduced to zero due to the termination of a customer agreement to which those milestones were tied.
v3.25.4
Marketable Securities (Tables)
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2025
Investments, Debt and Equity Securities [Abstract]  
Marketable Securities
Investments in marketable securities, including those classified in cash and cash equivalents, are summarized as follows (in thousands):
December 31, 2025
Amortized CostUnrealized GainsUnrealized LossesFair Value
U.S. Treasury securities$117,919 $171 $(52)$118,038 
Corporate bonds114,640 147 (121)114,666 
Commercial paper4,079 — (19)4,060 
Marketable equity securities— — — 18,654 
Total marketable securities$236,638 $318 $(192)$255,418 
Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale
The amortized cost and estimated fair value of marketable debt securities are summarized below by contractual maturity dates (in thousands):
December 31, 2025
Amortized costFair value
Due within one year$205,540 $205,617 
Due after one year through five years31,098 31,147 
v3.25.4
Investments and Equity Method Investments (Tables)
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2025
Equity Method Investments and Joint Ventures [Abstract]  
Schedule of Investments and Equity Method Investments
Investments consisted of the following (in thousands):
As of December 31,
20252024
Investments:
SAFEs$2,188 $16,689 
Non-marketable equity securities11,125 14,218 
Marketable equity securities1,562 17,559 
Synlogic warrants191 238 
Total$15,066 $48,704 
Marketable equity securities of $18.7 million are not restricted for sale and are included in marketable securities in the consolidated balance sheet as of December 31, 2025.
Loss on investments and equity method investments consisted of the following (in thousands):
Year Ended December 31,
202520242023
(Loss) gain on investments:
Genomatica preferred stock$— $(11,885)$(33,000)
Non-marketable equity securities(4,557)(1,735)(9,928)
Marketable equity securities2,695 (7,583)(7,874)
SAFEs(14,501)(7,208)(2,742)
Synlogic warrants(48)(416)(1,283)
Total loss on investments$(16,411)$(28,827)$(54,827)
Loss on equity method investments:
BiomEdit$— $— $(1,461)
Other— — (1,174)
Total loss on equity method investments$— $— $(2,635)
The carrying value of non-marketable equity securities accounted for using the fair value measurement alternative and still held as of December 31, 2025, including cumulative unrealized losses, were as follows (in thousands):
As of December 31, 2025
Total initial cost$109,460 
Impairment charges(91,806)
Downward adjustments from observable price changes(4,341)
Carrying value$13,313 
Summary of Losses and Gains on Investments
The components of loss on investments for each period were as follows (in thousands):
Year Ended December 31,
202520242023
Impairment charges$(16,345)$(20,828)$(44,043)
Realized and unrealized gains (losses) recognized on marketable equity securities2,647 (7,999)(9,157)
Downward adjustments from observable price changes(2,713)— (1,627)
Total loss on investments$(16,411)$(28,827)$(54,827)
Total realized and unrealized losses associated with equity investments accounted for at fair value or the fair value measurement alternative consisted of the following (in thousands):
Year Ended December 31,
202520242023
Realized loss recognized on equity investments sold (1)
$— $(5,957)$— 
Net unrealized losses recognized on equity investments held as of the end of the period(16,411)(22,870)(54,827)
Total loss on investments$(16,411)$(28,827)$(54,827)
(1) Reflects the difference between the sale proceeds and the carrying value of the equity investments at the beginning of the period or the acquisition date, if later.
v3.25.4
Goodwill and Intangible Assets, net (Tables)
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2025
Goodwill and Intangible Assets Disclosure [Abstract]  
Schedule of Goodwill
Changes in the carrying amount of goodwill consisted of the following year ended December 31, 2024 (in thousands):
Balance at December 31, 2023$49,238 
Goodwill impairment (accumulated impairment loss)(47,858)
Impact of foreign currency translation(1,380)
Balance at December 31, 2024$— 
Schedule of Intangible Assets
Intangible assets, net consisted of the following (in thousands):
Gross
Carrying
Value (1)
Accumulated
Amortization (1)
Net
Carrying
Value
Weighted Average
Amortization Period
(in Years)
December 31, 2025:
Developed technology$111,202 $(54,278)$56,924 6.9
December 31, 2024:
Developed technology$111,393 $(38,883)$72,510 6.6
(1)Gross carrying value and accumulated amortization include the impact of cumulative foreign currency translation adjustments.
Schedule of Estimated Future Amortization Expense The estimated future amortization expense for intangible assets remaining as of December 31, 2025 is as follows (in thousands):
2026$18,700 
202711,613 
20282,987 
20292,987 
20302,987 
Thereafter17,650 
Total$56,924 
v3.25.4
Leases (Tables)
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2025
Leases [Abstract]  
Schedule of Components Lease Cost
The following table presents the components of total lease cost (in thousands):
Year Ended December 31,
202520242023
Operating lease cost$63,470 $57,996 $59,588 
Finance lease cost:
Amortization of ROU assets708 655 1,047 
Interest on lease liabilities4 29 79 
Finance lease cost712 684 1,126 
Variable lease cost19,701 19,421 15,862 
Sublease income(7,600)(5,177)(11,170)
Total lease cost$76,283 $72,924 $65,406 
Supplemental balance sheet information related to operating leases were as follows:
As of December 31,
20252024
Weighted average remaining lease term - operating leases (in years)11.311.8
Weighted average remaining lease term - finance leases (in years)0.90.6
Weighted average discount rate - operating leases7.6 %7.5 %
Weighted average discount rate - finance leases3.9 %3.8 %
Schedule of Operating Leases Supplemental Cash Flow Information
Supplemental cash flow information related to the Company’s operating leases were as follows (in thousands):
Year Ended December 31,
202520242023
Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities:
Operating cash flows from operating leases$61,178 $45,019 $44,051 
Operating cash flows from finance leases4 32 83 
Financing cash flows from finance leases354 897 1,295 
The following table presents supplemental cash flow information for each reporting period (in thousands):
Year Ended December 31,
202520242023
Cash paid for interest$4 $32 $83 
Cash paid for income taxes192 894 670 
Non-cash investing and financing activities:
ROU assets obtained in exchange for new operating lease liabilities336 223,853 27,668 
Purchases of property and equipment included in accounts payable and accrued expenses46 2,565 2,915 
Convertible financial instruments received for Cell Engineering services— — 4,542 
Equity securities and warrants received for Cell Engineering services— 55 17,450 
Common stock issued for acquisitions777 18,245 6,820 
Common stock issued as settlement of contingent consideration liabilities— 14,742 8,896 
Common stock issued for retention payments related to business and asset acquisitions— 5,258 — 
Return of investment in equity securities for reduction in deferred revenue— 6,760 — 
Conversion of notes receivable for common stock— 10,476 — 
Issuance costs related to ATM offering included in accounts payable and accrued expenses53 — — 
For the years ended December 31, 2025, the amount of cash income taxes paid by the Company was as follows (in thousands):

Year Ended December 31,
2025
Federal$— 
State and local:
California12 
South Carolina148 
All other state and local32 
Foreign— 
Cash income taxes, net of refunds$192 
Schedule of Future Minimum Lease Payments
The following table summarizes the maturity of the Company’s lease liabilities (in thousands):
Years Ending December 31,
Operating Leases
Finance Leases
2026$56,302 $20 
202756,745 — 
202858,498 — 
202960,271 — 
203059,301 — 
Thereafter371,682 — 
Total undiscounted payments662,799 20 
Less: imputed interest(222,934)— 
Total lease liability439,865 20 
Less: current portion of lease liability(22,787)(20)
Lease liabilities, non-current$417,078 $— 
Schedule of Future Minimum Lease Payments Under Capital Leases
The following table summarizes the maturity of the Company’s lease liabilities (in thousands):
Years Ending December 31,
Operating Leases
Finance Leases
2026$56,302 $20 
202756,745 — 
202858,498 — 
202960,271 — 
203059,301 — 
Thereafter371,682 — 
Total undiscounted payments662,799 20 
Less: imputed interest(222,934)— 
Total lease liability439,865 20 
Less: current portion of lease liability(22,787)(20)
Lease liabilities, non-current$417,078 $— 
v3.25.4
Supplemental Financial Information (Tables)
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2025
Supplemental Balance Sheet Information [Abstract]  
Schedule of Cash and Cash Equivalents
The reconciliation of cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash reported within the consolidated balance sheet to the totals shown within the consolidated statements of cash flows is as follows (in thousands):
As of December 31,
202520242023
Cash and cash equivalents$167,202 $561,572 $944,073 
Restricted cash included in prepaid expenses and other current assets (1)
7,031 5,839 4,789 
Restricted cash included in other non-current assets (1)
38,138 38,332 40,722 
Total cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash$212,371 $605,743 $989,584 
(1)Includes cash balances collateralizing letters of credit associated with the Company’s facility leases and customer prepayments requiring segregation and restrictions in its use in accordance with the customer agreement.
Restrictions on Cash and Cash Equivalents
The reconciliation of cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash reported within the consolidated balance sheet to the totals shown within the consolidated statements of cash flows is as follows (in thousands):
As of December 31,
202520242023
Cash and cash equivalents$167,202 $561,572 $944,073 
Restricted cash included in prepaid expenses and other current assets (1)
7,031 5,839 4,789 
Restricted cash included in other non-current assets (1)
38,138 38,332 40,722 
Total cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash$212,371 $605,743 $989,584 
(1)Includes cash balances collateralizing letters of credit associated with the Company’s facility leases and customer prepayments requiring segregation and restrictions in its use in accordance with the customer agreement.
Schedule of Property, Plant and Equipment Net Estimated lives of property, plant and equipment are as follows:
Estimated Useful Life
Computer equipment and software
2 to 5 years
Furniture and fixtures7 years
Lab equipment
1 to 5 years
Buildings and facilities
15 to 30 years
Vehicles5 years
Leasehold improvementsShorter of useful life or remaining lease term
Property, plant and equipment, net consisted of the following (in thousands):
As of December 31,
20252024
Lab equipment$146,279 $150,887 
Leasehold improvements140,513 135,964 
Buildings and facilities49,760 48,255 
Construction in progress192 1,984 
Computer equipment and software9,056 14,897 
Furniture and fixtures6,520 6,545 
Land6,060 6,060 
Total property, plant, and equipment358,380 364,592 
Less: Accumulated depreciation(190,597)(160,872)
Property, plant and equipment, net$167,783 $203,720 
Schedule of Accrued Expenses and Other Current Liabilities
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities consisted of the following (in thousands):
As of December 31,
20252024
Operating lease liabilities$22,787 $28,630 
Contractual shortfall liabilities (Note 12)15,919 — 
Contingent consideration liability5,438 5,438 
Biosecurity costs5,046 4,032 
Employee compensation and benefits4,258 9,894 
Professional fees and securities litigation costs4,378 2,167 
External research and development expenses1,072 713 
Deferred other income1,033 2,889 
Employee termination costs816 2,387 
Finance lease liabilities20 335 
Property and equipment— 138 
Other current liabilities5,691 8,764 
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities$66,458 $65,387 
Schedule of Operating Leases Supplemental Cash Flow Information
Supplemental cash flow information related to the Company’s operating leases were as follows (in thousands):
Year Ended December 31,
202520242023
Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities:
Operating cash flows from operating leases$61,178 $45,019 $44,051 
Operating cash flows from finance leases4 32 83 
Financing cash flows from finance leases354 897 1,295 
The following table presents supplemental cash flow information for each reporting period (in thousands):
Year Ended December 31,
202520242023
Cash paid for interest$4 $32 $83 
Cash paid for income taxes192 894 670 
Non-cash investing and financing activities:
ROU assets obtained in exchange for new operating lease liabilities336 223,853 27,668 
Purchases of property and equipment included in accounts payable and accrued expenses46 2,565 2,915 
Convertible financial instruments received for Cell Engineering services— — 4,542 
Equity securities and warrants received for Cell Engineering services— 55 17,450 
Common stock issued for acquisitions777 18,245 6,820 
Common stock issued as settlement of contingent consideration liabilities— 14,742 8,896 
Common stock issued for retention payments related to business and asset acquisitions— 5,258 — 
Return of investment in equity securities for reduction in deferred revenue— 6,760 — 
Conversion of notes receivable for common stock— 10,476 — 
Issuance costs related to ATM offering included in accounts payable and accrued expenses53 — — 
For the years ended December 31, 2025, the amount of cash income taxes paid by the Company was as follows (in thousands):

Year Ended December 31,
2025
Federal$— 
State and local:
California12 
South Carolina148 
All other state and local32 
Foreign— 
Cash income taxes, net of refunds$192 
v3.25.4
Stockholders' Equity (Tables)
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2025
Stockholders' Equity Note [Abstract]  
Schedule of Capitalization
The following table presents the Company’s authorized, issued, and outstanding common stock as of the dates indicated:
AuthorizedIssuedOutstanding
Common stock as of December 31, 2025
Class A10,500,000,00049,694,61046,791,082
Class B4,500,000,0008,985,8398,416,216
Class C800,000,0003,000,0003,000,000
15,800,000,00061,680,44958,207,298
Common stock as of December 31, 2024
Class A10,500,000,00045,575,42342,696,585
Class B4,500,000,0009,239,6828,669,200
Class C800,000,0003,000,0003,000,000
15,800,000,00057,815,10554,365,785
Schedule of Common Stock Reserved For Future Issuances
The Company had the following common stock reserved for future issuance as of the date indicated:
December 31, 2025
Shares available for grant under the 2021 Plan3,336,606
Restricted stock units outstanding1,262,853
Performance stock units outstanding4,407,287
Warrants to purchase Class A common stock1,295,622
Shares available for grant under the ESPP2,500,000
Shares available for grant under the 2022 Inducement Plan292,172
Stock options issued and outstanding366,567
Total common stock reserved for future issuances (1)
13,461,107
(1)Excludes unvested earnout shares, which are restricted shares issued to equity holders of legacy Ginkgo prior to the closing of the SRNG Business Combination and to SRNG. These earnout shares are recorded in equity as shares outstanding upon satisfying the vesting conditions.
v3.25.4
Stock Based Compensation (Tables)
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2025
Share-Based Payment Arrangement [Abstract]  
Summary of Stock-based Compensation
The following table summarizes stock-based compensation expense by financial statement line item in the Company’s consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss for the periods presented (in thousands):
Year Ended December 31,
202520242023
Research and development$34,210 $56,020 $145,879 
General and administrative42,463 56,324 84,005 
Cost of Biosecurity revenue2,624 — — 
Cost of other revenue2,249 — — 
Total$81,546 $112,344 $229,884 
Summary of Stock Option Activity
A summary of time-based stock options activity for the year ended December 31, 2025 is presented below:
Number of Shares
Weighted Average Exercise Price per Share
Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Term (in years)
Aggregate Intrinsic Value (1)
Outstanding as of December 31, 2024267,520$25.17  
Granted171,8759.29  
Exercised— —  
Forfeited(72,828)36.96 
Outstanding as of December 31, 2025366,56715.38 8.9$— 
Exercisable as of December 31, 2025136,01424.74 8.4— 
(1)The aggregate intrinsic value is calculated as the difference between the Company's closing stock price on the last trading day of the year and the exercise prices, multiplied by the number of in-the-money stock options.
Schedule of Assumptions Used to Estimate Fair Value of Stock Option Awards Granted The weighted-average fair value of options granted during the years ended December 31, 2025, 2024, and 2023 was $7.48, $11.35 and $57.20 per share, respectively, and was calculated using the following key assumptions in the Black-Scholes option-pricing model:
Year Ended December 31,
202520242023
Risk-free interest rate4.06%4.27%3.94%
Expected volatility100%97%93%
Expected term (in years)6.05.75.5
Dividend yield—%—%—%
Summary of RSU and RSA Activity
A summary of RSU activity for the year ended December 31, 2025 is presented below:
Number of Shares
Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value
Nonvested as of December 31, 20243,327,398$69.00 
Granted1,176,4198.02 
Vested(1,797,720)48.74 
Forfeited(1,443,244)56.71 
Nonvested as of December 31, 20251,262,85355.07 
Summary of Activity For Earnout RSA
A summary of activity during the year ended December 31, 2025 for the earnout shares is presented below:
Number of Shares
Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value
Nonvested as of December 31, 2024552,457$510.80 
Vested(321)533.60 
Forfeited(859)512.62 
Nonvested as of December 31, 2025551,277510.78 
Schedule of Nonvested Performance-Based Units Activity
A summary of PSU activity for the year ended December 31, 2025 is presented below:
Performance Stock Units
Number of
Shares		Weighted
Average
Grant Date
Fair Value
Granted5,599,647$8.01 
Vested—
Forfeited(1,192,360)7.81 
Nonvested as of December 31, 20254,407,2878.06 
v3.25.4
Revenue Recognition (Tables)
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2025
Revenue from Contract with Customer [Abstract]  
Disaggregation Of Revenue
The following table sets forth the percentage of Cell Engineering revenues by industry based on total Cell Engineering revenue:
Year Ended December 31,
202520242023
Pharmaceutical and biotechnology35 %26 %30 %
Agriculture28 19 24 
Government and defense23 13 6 
Industrial and environment5 6 16 
Consumer and technology5 4 8 
Food and nutrition4 32 16 
Total Cell Engineering revenue100 %100 %100 %
v3.25.4
Segment Information (Tables)
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2025
Segment Reporting [Abstract]  
Schedule of Segment Reporting Information, by Segment
The following table presents summary results of the Company’s reportable segments and a reconciliation of total segment operating loss to consolidated loss before income taxes (in thousands):
Year Ended December 31,
202520242023
Cell Engineering
Revenue
$132,746 $173,972 $143,531 
Costs and operating expenses:
   Cost of other revenue13,203 5,999 — 
   Research and development158,541 271,512 335,943 
   General and administrative56,532 115,028 171,210 
Cell Engineering operating loss(95,530)(218,567)(363,622)
Biosecurity
Service revenue37,409 53,071 78,975 
Product revenue— — 28,949 
Costs and operating expense:
   Cost of Biosecurity service revenue28,897 38,549 46,524 
   Cost of Biosecurity product revenue— — 7,481 
   Research and development— 771 1,599 
   General and administrative27,443 44,370 55,514 
Biosecurity operating (loss) income(18,931)(30,619)(3,194)
Total segment operating loss(114,461)(249,186)(366,816)
Reconciling items to reconcile total segment operating loss to loss before income taxes:
Stock-based compensation (1)
82,704 115,299 234,908 
Impairment expense (2)
— 53,654 121,404 
Depreciation and amortization58,990 63,020 70,507 
Restructuring charges (3)
11,398 24,172 — 
Carrying cost of excess space (net of sublease income) (4)
53,723 25,986 — 
Merger and acquisition related expenses (5)
(5,998)4,417 61,188 
Acquired in-process research and development— 19,849 9,582 
Other (income) expense, net (6)
(1,678)(8,075)28,535 
Loss before income taxes$(313,600)$(547,508)$(892,940)
(1)Includes $1.2 million, $3.0 million, and $5.0 million in related employer payroll taxes for the years ended December 31, 2025, 2024, and 2023, respectively.
(2)For 2024, includes $47.9 million related to goodwill impairment and $5.8 million related to lab equipment. For 2023, includes a $25.2 million impairment loss on lab equipment and a $96.2 million impairment loss on lease assets associated with an exited Zymergen leased facility.
(3)See Note 3, Restructuring, for composition of costs.
(4)The carrying cost of excess space includes base rent, common area maintenance charges, and real estate taxes associated with facilities the Company is not occupying, net of any sublease income from these spaces.
(5)Represents transaction and integration costs directly related to mergers and acquisitions, including: (i) due diligence, legal, consulting and accounting fees associated with acquisitions, (ii) post-acquisition employee retention bonuses and severance payments, (iii) the fair value adjustments to contingent consideration liabilities resulting from acquisitions, and (iv) costs associated with the Zymergen Bankruptcy, as well as securities litigation costs, net of insurance recovery.
(6)Includes interest income, interest expense, loss on investments, losses/gains on deconsolidation of subsidiaries, changes in fair value of certain assets and liabilities, and other gains or losses.
v3.25.4
Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements (Tables)
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2025
Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements [Abstract]  
Summary of Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets
Significant related party transactions included in the consolidated balance sheet, excluding the Company’s investments and equity method investments, are summarized below (in thousands):
As of December 31,
20252024
Deferred revenue, current and non-current:
Allonnia$36,495 $36,495 
Arcaea28,413 28,413 
BiomEdit— 7,583 
Genomatica— 564 
$64,908 $73,055 
Significant related party transactions included in the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss, excluding the losses on the Company’s investments and equity method investments, are summarized below (in thousands):
Year Ended December 31,
202520242023
Cell Engineering revenue:
Motif FoodWorks$— $45,445 $6,660 
Arcaea— 4,653 6,024 
Genomatica564 1,453 4,232 
Ayana Bio637 1,028 1,323 
BiomEdit7,583 197 2,171 
Verb Biotics— — 584 
Allonnia— 126 523 
Other equity investees— 139 705 
$8,784 $53,041 $22,222 
v3.25.4
Income Taxes (Tables)
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2025
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]  
Summary of Loss Before Provision for Incomes Taxes
For the years ended December 31, 2025, 2024 and 2023, the loss before income taxes consisted of the following (in thousands):
Year Ended December 31,
202520242023
Domestic$(308,990)$(514,354)$(890,986)
Foreign(4,610)(33,154)(1,954)
Total$(313,600)$(547,508)$(892,940)
Summary of Income Taxes Expenses (Benefit) Incurred During the Period
For the years ended December 31, 2025, 2024 and 2023, the Company recorded the following income tax expense (benefit) (in thousands):
Year Ended December 31,
202520242023
Current:
State$873 $566 $690 
Foreign(346)(109)123 
Total current527 457 813 
Deferred:
Federal— — — 
State— — — 
Foreign(1,364)(936)(884)
Total deferred(1,364)(936)(884)
Income tax benefit$(837)$(479)$(71)
Summary of Reconciliation of the Statutory Corporate Income Tax Rate to the Effective Tax Rate
A reconciliation of income tax benefit computed by applying the 21% statutory U.S. Federal income tax rate to income before income taxes after the adoption of ASU 2023-09 for year ended December 31, 2025 is as follows:
Year Ended December 31,
2025
(in thousands)Percent
Tax at U.S. Statutory Rate$(65,856)21.0 %
State and Local Income Taxes (1)663 (0.2)%
Foreign Tax Effects
Other foreign jurisdictions(743)0.2 %
Nontaxable or Nondeductible Items
Stock compensation14,728 (4.7)%
Limitation on executive compensation1,495 (0.5)%
Gain/Loss on investments3,446 (1.1)%
Other461 (0.1)%
Tax Credits
Research & Development Credits(1,079)0.4 %
Changes in Valuation Allowance45,212 (14.4)%
Other Items
Other836 (0.3)%
Effective tax rate$(837)0.3 %
(1)The states and local jurisdictions that contribute to the majority (greater than 50%) of the tax effect in this category include Massachusetts and New York state and city.

A reconciliation of income tax benefit computed at the statutory corporate income tax rate to the effective income tax rate for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023 is as follows:
Year Ended December 31,
20242023
Federal income tax at statutory rate21.0 %21.0 %
State income tax0.1 %1.3 %
Change in valuation allowance(10.4)%13.6 %
Stock-based compensation(7.7)%(14.2)%
Executive compensation0.2 %8.1 %
Tax credits0.5 %0.8 %
Investments in subsidiaries and other(0.6)%(29.0)%
Other(3.0)%(1.6)%
Effective tax rate0.1 %— %
Summary of Deferred Taxes Assets and Liabilities
The Company’s deferred tax assets and liabilities consist of the following (in thousands):
Year Ended December 31,
20252024
Deferred tax assets:
Net operating loss carryforwards$459,420 $332,482 
Tax credit carryforwards63,612 61,497 
Capitalized research and development costs155,755 214,208 
Accrued expenses201 986 
Deferred revenue21,765 28,549 
Stock-based compensation48,809 52,388 
Amortizable intangibles11,755 10,695 
Lease liabilities112,072 116,118 
Investments in subsidiaries59,027 57,534 
Property, plant, and equipment2,464 — 
Other1,257 1,232 
Deferred tax assets before valuation allowance936,137 875,689 
Valuation allowance(840,060)(771,852)
Deferred tax assets, net of valuation allowance96,077 103,837 
Deferred tax liabilities:
Amortizable intangibles(10,119)(11,660)
Property, plant and equipment— (545)
Lease right-of-use assets(92,052)(98,184)
Deferred tax liabilities(102,171)(110,389)
Net deferred taxes$(6,094)$(6,552)
Summary of Deferred Tax Assets Valuation Allowance
Activity in the deferred tax assets valuation allowance is summarized as follows (in thousands):
Beginning of Period
Additions
(Subtractions)
End of Period
Deferred tax assets valuation allowance:
Year ended December 31, 2025$771,852 $68,208 $840,060 
Year ended December 31, 2024$711,778 $60,074 $771,852 
Schedule of Operating Leases Supplemental Cash Flow Information
Supplemental cash flow information related to the Company’s operating leases were as follows (in thousands):
Year Ended December 31,
202520242023
Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities:
Operating cash flows from operating leases$61,178 $45,019 $44,051 
Operating cash flows from finance leases4 32 83 
Financing cash flows from finance leases354 897 1,295 
The following table presents supplemental cash flow information for each reporting period (in thousands):
Year Ended December 31,
202520242023
Cash paid for interest$4 $32 $83 
Cash paid for income taxes192 894 670 
Non-cash investing and financing activities:
ROU assets obtained in exchange for new operating lease liabilities336 223,853 27,668 
Purchases of property and equipment included in accounts payable and accrued expenses46 2,565 2,915 
Convertible financial instruments received for Cell Engineering services— — 4,542 
Equity securities and warrants received for Cell Engineering services— 55 17,450 
Common stock issued for acquisitions777 18,245 6,820 
Common stock issued as settlement of contingent consideration liabilities— 14,742 8,896 
Common stock issued for retention payments related to business and asset acquisitions— 5,258 — 
Return of investment in equity securities for reduction in deferred revenue— 6,760 — 
Conversion of notes receivable for common stock— 10,476 — 
Issuance costs related to ATM offering included in accounts payable and accrued expenses53 — — 
For the years ended December 31, 2025, the amount of cash income taxes paid by the Company was as follows (in thousands):

Year Ended December 31,
2025
Federal$— 
State and local:
California12 
South Carolina148 
All other state and local32 
Foreign— 
Cash income taxes, net of refunds$192 
v3.25.4
Net Loss per Share (Tables)
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2025
Earnings Per Share [Abstract]  
Schedule of Earnings Per Share, Basic and Diluted
The calculation of earnings per common share is as follows (in thousands, except share data):
Year Ended December 31,
202520242023
Numerator:
Net loss$(312,763)$(547,029)$(892,869)
Denominator
Weighted average common shares outstanding55,457,67651,894,63948,610,507
Net loss per share$(5.64)$(10.54)$(18.37)
Summary of Anti-Dilutive Shares
The following potential common shares, presented based on amounts outstanding at each period end, were excluded from the calculation of diluted net loss per share attributable to Ginkgo Bioworks Holdings, Inc. common stockholders for the periods presented because including them would have been anti-dilutive:
As of December 31,
202520242023
Unvested PSUs4,407,287— — 
Warrants to purchase Class A common stock1,295,6221,295,6221,295,622
Unvested RSUs1,262,8533,327,3983,804,189
Earnout shares (1)
3,793,0633,794,2433,803,049
Outstanding stock options366,567767,520192,208
Escrow shares (2)
— 20,332 — 
11,125,3929,205,1159,095,068
(1)Represents employee and non-employee earnout shares for which the service-based and/or market-based vesting conditions have not been satisfied.
(2)Represents restricted common stock issued in connection with asset acquisitions, held in escrow for indemnification purposes, and subject to forfeiture.
v3.25.4
Organization and Basis of Presentation (Details)
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2025
segment
offering
Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements [Abstract]  
Number of reportable segments | segment 2
Number of core offerings | offering 2
v3.25.4
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies - Additional Information (Details)
 3 Months Ended 12 Months Ended
Aug. 19, 2024
Jun. 30, 2024
USD ($)
Dec. 31, 2025
USD ($)
$ / shares
Dec. 31, 2024
USD ($)
$ / shares
Dec. 31, 2023
USD ($)
New Accounting Pronouncements or Change in Accounting Principle [Line Items]          
Common stock, par value (in dollars per share) | $ / shares     $ 0.0001 $ 0.0001  
Allowance for credit loss     $ 2,200,000 $ 1,900,000  
Impairment charges     0 0 $ 0
Goodwill impairment   $ 47,900,000 0 47,858,000 0
Uncertain tax positions     $ 0 0  
Reverse stock split 0.025        
Class A          
New Accounting Pronouncements or Change in Accounting Principle [Line Items]          
Common stock, par value (in dollars per share) | $ / shares     $ 0.0001    
Class B          
New Accounting Pronouncements or Change in Accounting Principle [Line Items]          
Common stock, par value (in dollars per share) | $ / shares     0.0001    
Class C          
New Accounting Pronouncements or Change in Accounting Principle [Line Items]          
Common stock, par value (in dollars per share) | $ / shares     $ 0.0001    
Equity Method Investment, Funding Of Additional Losses          
New Accounting Pronouncements or Change in Accounting Principle [Line Items]          
Commitment to fund additional losses on equity method investments     $ 0 $ 0 $ 0
Customer Concentration Risk | Revenue from Contract with Customer Benchmark | One Customer | Cell Engineering          
New Accounting Pronouncements or Change in Accounting Principle [Line Items]          
Concentration risk percentage     15.00%   12.00%
Customer Concentration Risk | Revenue from Contract with Customer Benchmark | One Customer | Biosecurity          
New Accounting Pronouncements or Change in Accounting Principle [Line Items]          
Concentration risk percentage     12.00% 16.00% 11.00%
Customer Concentration Risk | Revenue from Contract with Customer Benchmark | Customer One | Cell Engineering          
New Accounting Pronouncements or Change in Accounting Principle [Line Items]          
Concentration risk percentage       13.00%  
Customer Concentration Risk | Revenue from Contract with Customer Benchmark | Customer two | Cell Engineering          
New Accounting Pronouncements or Change in Accounting Principle [Line Items]          
Concentration risk percentage       20.00%  
v3.25.4
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies - Schedule of Property, Plant and Equipment Net (Details)
Dec. 31, 2025
Furniture and fixtures  
Property Plant And Equipment [Line Items]  
Estimated Useful Life 7 years
Vehicles  
Property Plant And Equipment [Line Items]  
Estimated Useful Life 5 years
Minimum | Computer equipment and software  
Property Plant And Equipment [Line Items]  
Estimated Useful Life 2 years
Minimum | Lab equipment  
Property Plant And Equipment [Line Items]  
Estimated Useful Life 1 year
Minimum | Buildings and facilities  
Property Plant And Equipment [Line Items]  
Estimated Useful Life 15 years
Maximum | Computer equipment and software  
Property Plant And Equipment [Line Items]  
Estimated Useful Life 5 years
Maximum | Lab equipment  
Property Plant And Equipment [Line Items]  
Estimated Useful Life 5 years
Maximum | Buildings and facilities  
Property Plant And Equipment [Line Items]  
Estimated Useful Life 30 years
v3.25.4
Restructuring - Narrative (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Thousands
 3 Months Ended 12 Months Ended
Jun. 30, 2024
Dec. 31, 2025
Dec. 31, 2024
Dec. 31, 2023
Restructuring Cost and Reserve [Line Items]        
Restructuring and related cost, expected number of positions eliminated, percent (more than) 50.00%      
Loss on deconsolidation of subsidiaries   $ 0 $ (7,013) $ (42,502)
Loss on sale of business     $ 7,000  
Minimum        
Restructuring Cost and Reserve [Line Items]        
Restructuring and related cost, expected cost   31,000    
Maximum        
Restructuring Cost and Reserve [Line Items]        
Restructuring and related cost, expected cost   $ 32,000    
v3.25.4
Restructuring - Summary of Restructuring Charges (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Thousands
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2025
Dec. 31, 2024
Dec. 31, 2023
Restructuring and Related Activities [Abstract]      
Restructuring charges $ 11,398 $ 19,349  
Impairment of right-of-use asset 0 4,823  
Total restructuring $ 11,398 $ 24,172 $ 0
Restructuring Charges, Statement of Income or Comprehensive Income [Extensible Enumeration] Total restructuring    
v3.25.4
Restructuring - Summary of Changes in Accrued Liability Balance (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Thousands
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2025
Dec. 31, 2024
Restructuring Cost and Reserve [Line Items]    
Expenses incurred $ 11,398 $ 19,349
Employee Termination Costs and Other    
Restructuring Cost and Reserve [Line Items]    
Expenses incurred 11,398  
Cash payments (11,651)  
Liability balance at December 31, 2025 $ 2,601 $ 2,854
v3.25.4
Acquisitions and Divestitures - Narrative (Details)
 1 Months Ended 3 Months Ended 12 Months Ended
Apr. 10, 2024
USD ($)
shares
Jan. 18, 2024
USD ($)
employee
Oct. 03, 2023
USD ($)
Apr. 05, 2023
USD ($)
shares
Oct. 31, 2023
USD ($)
Jun. 30, 2024
shares
Dec. 31, 2025
USD ($)
Dec. 31, 2024
USD ($)
materialRight
shares
Dec. 31, 2023
USD ($)
Business Combination [Line Items]                  
Asset Acquisition, Number Of Additional Acquisitions during Period | materialRight               3  
Research and development             $ 243,773,000 $ 424,061,000 $ 580,621,000
Loss on deconsolidation of subsidiaries             0 7,013,000 42,502,000
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities             66,458,000 65,387,000  
General and administrative             183,290,000 246,161,000 385,025,000
Loss on sale of business               7,000,000.0  
Reclassification of foreign currency translation adjustment realized upon sale of foreign subsidiary             $ 0 (1,492,000) $ 0
Disposal Group, Disposed of by Sale, Not Discontinued Operations | Altar                  
Business Combination [Line Items]                  
Loss on sale of business               7,000,000.0  
Reclassification of foreign currency translation adjustment realized upon sale of foreign subsidiary               1,500,000  
Related Party                  
Business Combination [Line Items]                  
Employee lease expense               4,900,000  
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities               1,700,000  
Other Acquisitions                  
Business Combination [Line Items]                  
Asset Acquisition, Consideration Transferred               19,800,000  
Research and development               19,800,000  
StrideBio                  
Business Combination [Line Items]                  
Asset Acquisition, Consideration Transferred       $ 7,600,000          
Research and development               800,000  
Asset acquisition, consideration transferred               $ 0  
Zymergen                  
Business Combination [Line Items]                  
Asset acquisition, price of acquisition, expected     $ 6,200,000            
Common Class A | Other Acquisitions                  
Business Combination [Line Items]                  
Issuance of common stock for a business and asset acquisition (in shares) | shares               394,799  
Common Class A | StrideBio                  
Business Combination [Line Items]                  
Issuance of common stock for a business and asset acquisition (in shares) | shares       119,278   102,922      
Asset Acquisition, Consideration Transferred       $ 6,800,000          
Asset acquisition, consideration transferred         $ 21,300,000        
AgBiome, Inc.                  
Business Combination [Line Items]                  
Business Combination, Consideration Transferred $ 18,200,000                
AgBiome, Inc. | Developed Technology Rights                  
Business Combination [Line Items]                  
Intangibles estimated useful life             3 years    
AgBiome, Inc. | Common Class A                  
Business Combination [Line Items]                  
Issuance of common stock for a business and asset acquisition (in shares) | shares 407,240                
Zymergen Bankruptcy                  
Business Combination [Line Items]                  
Loss on deconsolidation of subsidiaries     42,500,000            
Business combination, equity interest in acquiree, fair value     $ 0            
Equity method investments               $ 0  
Zymergen                  
Business Combination [Line Items]                  
Business Combination, Consideration Transferred   $ 6,200,000              
Number of employees acquired | employee   91              
Payments to Acquire Businesses, Gross   $ 5,400,000              
Business acquire consideration   800,000              
Operating lease right-of-use assets   19,900,000              
Business Combination, Recognized Asset Acquired, Property, Plant, and Equipment   6,000,000.0              
Operating lease liabilities   $ 19,900,000              
General and administrative             $ 0    
v3.25.4
Acquisitions and Divestitures - Deconsolidated Assets and Liabilities (Zymergen) (Details) - Disposal Group, Disposed of by Means Other than Sale, Not Discontinued Operations
$ in Thousands
Oct. 02, 2023
USD ($)
Business Combination [Line Items]  
Total current assets $ 56,558
Total assets 248,121
Total current liabilities 21,156
Zymergen  
Business Combination [Line Items]  
Cash and cash equivalents 34,321
Accounts receivable, net 11,047
Prepaid expenses and other current assets 11,190
Property, plant and equipment, net 8,938
Operating lease right-of-use assets 135,800
Intangible assets, net 16,679
Goodwill 10,660
Other non-current assets 19,486
Deferred revenue 730
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities 20,426
Operating lease liabilities, non-current 184,301
Other non-current liabilities 172
Total liabilities 205,629
Net assets deconsolidated $ 42,492
v3.25.4
Acquisitions and Divestitures - Results of Operations Deconsolidation (Zymergen) (Details) - Disposal Group, Disposed of by Means Other than Sale, Not Discontinued Operations - Zymergen
$ in Thousands
 9 Months Ended
Oct. 02, 2023
USD ($)
Business Combination [Line Items]  
Total revenue $ 8,370
Total operating expenses 200,975
Loss from operations (192,605)
Total other income, net 23,620
Loss before income taxes (168,985)
Income tax provision 14
Net loss $ (168,999)
v3.25.4
Fair Value Measurements - Schedule of Financial Assets and Liabilities Measured at Fair Value (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Thousands
Dec. 31, 2025
Dec. 31, 2024
Fair Value Assets And Liabilities Measured On Recurring And Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]    
Notes receivable $ 7,126 $ 14,170
Total assets 410,432 553,424
Contingent consideration 5,438 5,438
Other non-current liabilities: 252 4,484
Total liabilities 5,690 9,922
Commercial Paper, Not Included with Cash and Cash Equivalents    
Fair Value Assets And Liabilities Measured On Recurring And Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]    
Investments: 4,060  
US Treasury Securities    
Fair Value Assets And Liabilities Measured On Recurring And Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]    
Investments: 118,038  
Corporate Debt Securities    
Fair Value Assets And Liabilities Measured On Recurring And Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]    
Investments: 114,666  
Marketable equity securities    
Fair Value Assets And Liabilities Measured On Recurring And Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]    
Investments: 18,654  
Synlogic, Inc. warrants    
Fair Value Assets And Liabilities Measured On Recurring And Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]    
Investments: 190 238
Marketable equity securities    
Fair Value Assets And Liabilities Measured On Recurring And Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]    
Investments: 1,562 17,559
Money market funds    
Fair Value Assets And Liabilities Measured On Recurring And Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]    
Cash and cash equivalents: 146,136 521,457
Level 1    
Fair Value Assets And Liabilities Measured On Recurring And Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]    
Notes receivable 0 0
Total assets 284,390 539,016
Contingent consideration 0 0
Other non-current liabilities: 0 0
Total liabilities 0 0
Level 1 | Commercial Paper, Not Included with Cash and Cash Equivalents    
Fair Value Assets And Liabilities Measured On Recurring And Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]    
Investments: 0  
Level 1 | US Treasury Securities    
Fair Value Assets And Liabilities Measured On Recurring And Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]    
Investments: 118,038  
Level 1 | Corporate Debt Securities    
Fair Value Assets And Liabilities Measured On Recurring And Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]    
Investments: 0  
Level 1 | Marketable equity securities    
Fair Value Assets And Liabilities Measured On Recurring And Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]    
Investments: 18,654  
Level 1 | Synlogic, Inc. warrants    
Fair Value Assets And Liabilities Measured On Recurring And Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]    
Investments: 0 0
Level 1 | Marketable equity securities    
Fair Value Assets And Liabilities Measured On Recurring And Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]    
Investments: 1,562 17,559
Level 1 | Money market funds    
Fair Value Assets And Liabilities Measured On Recurring And Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]    
Cash and cash equivalents: 146,136 521,457
Level 2    
Fair Value Assets And Liabilities Measured On Recurring And Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]    
Notes receivable 0 12,327
Total assets 118,916 12,565
Contingent consideration 0 0
Other non-current liabilities: 0 0
Total liabilities 0 0
Level 2 | Commercial Paper, Not Included with Cash and Cash Equivalents    
Fair Value Assets And Liabilities Measured On Recurring And Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]    
Investments: 4,060  
Level 2 | US Treasury Securities    
Fair Value Assets And Liabilities Measured On Recurring And Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]    
Investments: 0  
Level 2 | Corporate Debt Securities    
Fair Value Assets And Liabilities Measured On Recurring And Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]    
Investments: 114,666  
Level 2 | Marketable equity securities    
Fair Value Assets And Liabilities Measured On Recurring And Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]    
Investments: 0  
Level 2 | Synlogic, Inc. warrants    
Fair Value Assets And Liabilities Measured On Recurring And Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]    
Investments: 190 238
Level 2 | Marketable equity securities    
Fair Value Assets And Liabilities Measured On Recurring And Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]    
Investments: 0 0
Level 2 | Money market funds    
Fair Value Assets And Liabilities Measured On Recurring And Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]    
Cash and cash equivalents: 0 0
Level 3    
Fair Value Assets And Liabilities Measured On Recurring And Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]    
Notes receivable 7,126 1,843
Total assets 7,126 1,843
Contingent consideration 5,438 5,438
Other non-current liabilities: 252 4,484
Total liabilities 5,690 9,922
Level 3 | Commercial Paper, Not Included with Cash and Cash Equivalents    
Fair Value Assets And Liabilities Measured On Recurring And Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]    
Investments: 0  
Level 3 | US Treasury Securities    
Fair Value Assets And Liabilities Measured On Recurring And Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]    
Investments: 0  
Level 3 | Corporate Debt Securities    
Fair Value Assets And Liabilities Measured On Recurring And Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]    
Investments: 0  
Level 3 | Marketable equity securities    
Fair Value Assets And Liabilities Measured On Recurring And Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]    
Investments: 0  
Level 3 | Synlogic, Inc. warrants    
Fair Value Assets And Liabilities Measured On Recurring And Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]    
Investments: 0 0
Level 3 | Marketable equity securities    
Fair Value Assets And Liabilities Measured On Recurring And Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]    
Investments: 0 0
Level 3 | Money market funds    
Fair Value Assets And Liabilities Measured On Recurring And Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]    
Cash and cash equivalents: $ 0 $ 0
v3.25.4
Fair Value Measurements - Fair Value, Assets Measured on Recurring Basis, Unobservable Input Reconciliation (Details) - USD ($)
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2025
Dec. 31, 2024
Contingent Consideration    
Notes Receivable    
Conversion to preferred stock $ 0 $ 0
Derivative, Fair Value, Net [Abstract]    
Beginning balance 9,922,000 24,273,000
Additions 0 0
Transfers into Level 3 0  
Change in fair value (4,232,000) 3,214,000
Settlements and payments 0 (17,565,000)
Transfers to Level 2   0
Ending balance 5,690,000 9,922,000
Private Placement Warrants | Warrant Liability    
Notes Receivable    
Conversion to preferred stock 0 0
Derivative, Fair Value, Net [Abstract]    
Beginning balance 0 1,846,000
Additions 0 0
Transfers into Level 3 0  
Change in fair value 0 (1,697,000)
Settlements and payments 0 0
Transfers to Level 2   (149,000)
Ending balance 0 0
Notes Receivable    
Notes Receivable    
Beginning balance 1,843,000 14,129,000
Additions 159,000 1,407,000
Settlements and payments (50,000) 0
Transfers into Level 3 6,987,000  
Transfers to Level 2   0
Conversion to preferred stock (1,463,000) (10,476,000)
Change in fair value (350,000) (3,217,000)
Ending balance $ 7,126,000 $ 1,843,000
v3.25.4
Fair Value Measurements - Quantitative Information Regarding Level 3 Inputs (Details) - Fair Value, Recurring
Dec. 31, 2025
Dec. 31, 2024
Probability-weighted present value    
Fair Value Assets And Liabilities Measured On Recurring And Nonrecurring Basis Valuation Techniques [Line Items]    
Unobservable Input 14.90% 9.30%
Probability-weighted present value | Minimum    
Fair Value Assets And Liabilities Measured On Recurring And Nonrecurring Basis Valuation Techniques [Line Items]    
Unobservable Input 5.00% 5.00%
Probability-weighted present value | Maximum    
Fair Value Assets And Liabilities Measured On Recurring And Nonrecurring Basis Valuation Techniques [Line Items]    
Unobservable Input 10.00% 50.00%
Discounted cash flow    
Fair Value Assets And Liabilities Measured On Recurring And Nonrecurring Basis Valuation Techniques [Line Items]    
Unobservable Input   10.60%
v3.25.4
Fair Value Measurements - Narrative (Details)
$ in Thousands
 3 Months Ended 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2025
USD ($)
shares
Dec. 31, 2025
USD ($)
shares
Dec. 31, 2024
USD ($)
shares
Dec. 31, 2023
USD ($)
Aug. 19, 2024
Feb. 26, 2021
shares
Fair Value Assets And Liabilities Measured On Recurring And Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]            
Convertible debt, fair value $ 500 $ 500        
Conversion of notes receivable for common stock   $ 0 $ 10,476 $ 0    
Class of warrant or right, outstanding (in shares) | shares 40 40        
Contingent consideration payment   $ 0 922 1,411    
Warrant, stock split, conversion ratio         0.025  
(Loss) gain on investments:   (16,411) (28,827) (54,827)    
Downward adjustments from observable price changes   2,713 0 1,627    
Impairment loss   16,345 20,828 44,043    
Total revenue   170,155 227,043 251,455    
SAFE            
Fair Value Assets And Liabilities Measured On Recurring And Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]            
Total revenue       11,000    
Genomatica, Inc. Preferred Stock            
Fair Value Assets And Liabilities Measured On Recurring And Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]            
(Loss) gain on investments:   0 (11,885) (33,000)    
Impairment loss     11,900 33,000    
SAFEs            
Fair Value Assets And Liabilities Measured On Recurring And Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]            
(Loss) gain on investments:     (7,208) (2,742)    
Impairment loss   (14,501) 7,200      
Non-marketable equity securities            
Fair Value Assets And Liabilities Measured On Recurring And Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]            
(Loss) gain on investments:   (4,557) (1,735) (9,928)    
Impairment loss     $ 1,700 8,300    
Equity securities, downward price adjustment percentage     87.00%      
One Investment            
Fair Value Assets And Liabilities Measured On Recurring And Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]            
Impairment loss   1,800        
Escrow Shares | Circularis            
Fair Value Assets And Liabilities Measured On Recurring And Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]            
Contingent consideration, included in other non-current liabilities     $ 17,600      
Contingent consideration payment     $ 2,800      
Issuance of common stock for a business and asset acquisition (in shares) | shares     1,413,909      
Business combination, contingent consideration, vested value     $ 14,700      
Public Warrants            
Fair Value Assets And Liabilities Measured On Recurring And Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]            
Class of warrant or right, number of securities called by rights (in shares) | shares           34,500,000
Private Placement Warrants            
Fair Value Assets And Liabilities Measured On Recurring And Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]            
Class of warrant or right, number of securities called by rights (in shares) | shares           17,300,000
Fair Value, Inputs, Level 3            
Fair Value Assets And Liabilities Measured On Recurring And Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]            
Obligations, fair value       4,500    
Cell Engineering            
Fair Value Assets And Liabilities Measured On Recurring And Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]            
Financing receivable, excluding accrued interest, after allowance for credit loss $ 9,700 9,700 13,200      
Total revenue   $ 132,746 $ 173,972 $ 143,531    
Discount rate            
Fair Value Assets And Liabilities Measured On Recurring And Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]            
Equity securities, measurement input       0.14    
Discount rate | Cell Engineering            
Fair Value Assets And Liabilities Measured On Recurring And Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]            
Financing receivable, measurement input 0.155 0.155 0.155      
Minimum | Common Class A            
Fair Value Assets And Liabilities Measured On Recurring And Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]            
Class of warrant or right, number of securities called by rights (in shares) | shares           1
Minimum | Measurement Input, Scenario Probabilities            
Fair Value Assets And Liabilities Measured On Recurring And Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]            
Equity securities, measurement input       0.20    
Minimum | Measurement Input, Scenario Probabilities | Cell Engineering            
Fair Value Assets And Liabilities Measured On Recurring And Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]            
Financing receivable, measurement input 0.05 0.05 0.05      
Minimum | Measurement Input, Expected Term            
Fair Value Assets And Liabilities Measured On Recurring And Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]            
Equity securities, measurement input, term     1 year      
Maximum | Measurement Input, Scenario Probabilities            
Fair Value Assets And Liabilities Measured On Recurring And Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]            
Equity securities, measurement input       0.60    
Maximum | Measurement Input, Scenario Probabilities | Cell Engineering            
Fair Value Assets And Liabilities Measured On Recurring And Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]            
Financing receivable, measurement input 0.45 0.45 0.45      
Maximum | Measurement Input, Expected Term            
Fair Value Assets And Liabilities Measured On Recurring And Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]            
Equity securities, measurement input, term     2 years      
Maximum | Measurement Input, Expected Term | Cell Engineering            
Fair Value Assets And Liabilities Measured On Recurring And Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]            
Financing receivable, measurement input, period   5 months 2 years      
Senior Secured Note            
Fair Value Assets And Liabilities Measured On Recurring And Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]            
Financing receivable   $ 11,800 $ 11,800      
Financing receivable, interest rate 12.00% 12.00%        
Convertible Promissory Notes            
Fair Value Assets And Liabilities Measured On Recurring And Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]            
Conversion of notes receivable for common stock $ 1,500          
Debt conversion, converted instrument, shares issued (in shares) | shares 10,564          
v3.25.4
Marketable Securities (Details)
 3 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2025
USD ($)
Marketable Securities [Line Items]  
Amortized Cost $ 236,638,000
Unrealized Gains 318,000
Unrealized Losses (192,000)
Fair Value 255,418,000
Amortized cost  
Due within one year 205,540,000
Due after one year through five years 31,098,000
Fair value  
Due within one year 205,617,000
Due after one year through five years 31,147,000
US Treasury and Government  
Marketable Securities [Line Items]  
Amortized Cost 117,919,000
Unrealized Gains 171,000
Unrealized Losses (52,000)
Fair Value 118,038,000
Corporate Bond Securities  
Marketable Securities [Line Items]  
Amortized Cost 114,640,000
Unrealized Gains 147,000
Unrealized Losses (121,000)
Fair Value 114,666,000
Commercial paper  
Marketable Securities [Line Items]  
Amortized Cost 4,079,000
Unrealized Gains 0
Unrealized Losses (19,000)
Fair Value 4,060,000
Equity Securities  
Marketable Securities [Line Items]  
Amortized Cost 0
Unrealized Gains 0
Unrealized Losses 0
Fair Value $ 18,654,000
v3.25.4
Investments and Equity Method Investments - Schedule of Investments and Equity Method Investments (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Thousands
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2025
Dec. 31, 2024
Dec. 31, 2023
Net Investment Income [Line Items]      
Total $ 15,066 $ 48,704  
(Loss) gain on investments: (16,411) (28,827) $ (54,827)
Loss on equity method investments 0 0 (2,635)
SAFEs      
Net Investment Income [Line Items]      
SAFEs 2,188 16,689  
(Loss) gain on investments:   (7,208) (2,742)
Non-marketable equity securities      
Net Investment Income [Line Items]      
Equity securities 11,125 14,218  
Total 13,313    
(Loss) gain on investments: (4,557) (1,735) (9,928)
Marketable equity securities      
Net Investment Income [Line Items]      
Equity securities 1,562 17,559  
(Loss) gain on investments: 2,695 (7,583) (7,874)
Genomatica, Inc. Preferred Stock      
Net Investment Income [Line Items]      
(Loss) gain on investments: 0 (11,885) (33,000)
Synlogic warrants      
Net Investment Income [Line Items]      
Equity securities 191 238  
(Loss) gain on investments: (48) (416) (1,283)
BiomEdit      
Net Investment Income [Line Items]      
Loss on equity method investments 0 0 (1,461)
Other      
Net Investment Income [Line Items]      
Loss on equity method investments $ 0 $ 0 $ (1,174)
v3.25.4
Investments and Equity Method Investments - Summary of Gains (Losses) on Investments (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Thousands
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2025
Dec. 31, 2024
Dec. 31, 2023
Equity Method Investments and Joint Ventures [Abstract]      
Impairment charges $ (16,345) $ (20,828) $ (44,043)
Realized and unrealized gains (losses) recognized on marketable equity securities 2,647 (7,999) (9,157)
Downward adjustments from observable price changes (2,713) 0 (1,627)
Total loss on investments $ (16,411) $ (28,827) $ (54,827)
v3.25.4
Investments and Equity Method Investments - Schedule of Realized and Unrealized Gains and Losses (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Thousands
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2025
Dec. 31, 2024
Dec. 31, 2023
Equity Method Investments and Joint Ventures [Abstract]      
Net realized gains (losses) recognized on equity investments sold $ 0 $ (5,957) $ 0
Net unrealized losses recognized on equity investments held as of the end of the period (16,411) (22,870) (54,827)
Total loss on investments $ (16,411) $ (28,827) $ (54,827)
v3.25.4
Investments and Equity Method Investments - Carrying Values of Equity Securities (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Thousands
Dec. 31, 2025
Dec. 31, 2024
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]    
Carrying value $ 15,066 $ 48,704
Non-marketable equity securities    
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]    
Total initial cost 109,460  
Impairment charges (91,806)  
Downward adjustments from observable price changes (4,341)  
Carrying value $ 13,313  
v3.25.4
Goodwill and Intangible Assets, net - Narrative (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Thousands
 3 Months Ended 12 Months Ended
Apr. 10, 2024
Jun. 30, 2024
Dec. 31, 2025
Dec. 31, 2024
Dec. 31, 2023
Oct. 02, 2023
Goodwill [Line Items]            
Goodwill impairment, DCF weight     75.00%      
Goodwill impairment, GPC weight     25.00%      
Goodwill impairment   $ 47,900 $ 0 $ 47,858 $ 0  
Amortization of intangible assets     $ 18,700 $ 18,000 $ 15,700  
Disposal Group, Disposed of by Means Other than Sale, Not Discontinued Operations | Zymergen            
Goodwill [Line Items]            
Intangible assets, net           $ 16,679
AgBiome, Inc.            
Goodwill [Line Items]            
Business Combination, Consideration Transferred $ 18,200          
v3.25.4
Goodwill and Intangible Assets, net - Schedule of Goodwill (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Thousands
 3 Months Ended 12 Months Ended
Jun. 30, 2024
Dec. 31, 2025
Dec. 31, 2024
Dec. 31, 2023
Goodwill [Roll Forward]        
Balance at December 31, 2023   $ 0 $ 49,238  
Goodwill impairment $ (47,900) $ 0 (47,858) $ 0
Impact of foreign currency translation     (1,380)  
Balance at December 31, 2024     $ 0 $ 49,238
v3.25.4
Goodwill and Intangible Assets, net - Schedule of Intangible Assets (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Thousands
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2025
Dec. 31, 2024
Acquired Finite Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]    
Total $ 56,924  
Developed Technology Rights    
Acquired Finite Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]    
Gross Carrying Value 111,202 $ 111,393
Accumulated Amortization (54,278) (38,883)
Total $ 56,924 $ 72,510
Weighted Average Amortization Period (in Years) 6 years 10 months 24 days 6 years 7 months 6 days
v3.25.4
Goodwill and Intangible Assets, net - Schedule of Estimated Future Amortization Expense (Details)
$ in Thousands
Dec. 31, 2025
USD ($)
Goodwill and Intangible Assets Disclosure [Abstract]  
2026 $ 18,700
2027 11,613
2028 2,987
2029 2,987
2030 2,987
Thereafter 17,650
Total $ 56,924
v3.25.4
Leases - Additional Information (Details)
$ in Thousands
 1 Months Ended 12 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2023
USD ($)
ft²
Apr. 30, 2021
ft²
Dec. 31, 2025
USD ($)
ft²
extensionOption
Dec. 31, 2024
USD ($)
Dec. 31, 2023
USD ($)
Sep. 30, 2024
Apr. 30, 2024
Lessee, Lease, Description [Line Items]              
Leased facility, square feet | ft² 300,000 260,000 320,000        
Number of extension options | extensionOption     1        
Lessee, option to extend (in years)     5 years       10 years
Operating lease, impairment loss $ 96,200   $ 0 $ 0 $ 96,210    
Operating lease, discount rate           8.50%  
Sublease income     7,600 5,177 11,170    
Building              
Lessee, Lease, Description [Line Items]              
Operating lease, impairment loss 36,600            
Leasehold improvements              
Lessee, Lease, Description [Line Items]              
Operating lease, impairment loss $ 59,600            
Related Party              
Lessee, Lease, Description [Line Items]              
Sublease income     $ 2,100 $ 2,000 $ 2,100    
Minimum              
Lessee, Lease, Description [Line Items]              
Operating lease term     1 year 4 months 24 days        
Maximum              
Lessee, Lease, Description [Line Items]              
Operating lease term     15 years 3 months 18 days        
Equipment leases | Minimum              
Lessee, Lease, Description [Line Items]              
Operating lease term     2 years 2 months 12 days        
Equipment leases | Maximum              
Lessee, Lease, Description [Line Items]              
Operating lease term     5 years        
v3.25.4
Leases - Schedule of Components of Total Lease Cost (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Thousands
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2025
Dec. 31, 2024
Dec. 31, 2023
Leases [Abstract]      
Operating lease cost $ 63,470 $ 57,996 $ 59,588
Amortization of ROU assets 708 655 1,047
Interest on lease liabilities 4 29 79
Finance lease cost 712 684 1,126
Variable lease cost 19,701 19,421 15,862
Sublease income (7,600) (5,177) (11,170)
Total lease cost $ 76,283 $ 72,924 $ 65,406
v3.25.4
Leases - Schedule of Operating Leases Supplemental Cash Flow Information (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Thousands
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2025
Dec. 31, 2024
Dec. 31, 2023
Leases [Abstract]      
Operating cash flows from operating leases $ 61,178 $ 45,019 $ 44,051
Operating cash flows from finance leases 4 32 83
Financing cash flows from finance leases $ 354 $ 897 $ 1,295
v3.25.4
Leases - Schedule of Supplemental Balance Sheet Information (Details)
Dec. 31, 2025
Dec. 31, 2024
Leases [Abstract]    
Weighted average remaining lease term - operating leases (in years) 11 years 3 months 18 days 11 years 9 months 18 days
Weighted average remaining lease term - finance leases (in years) 10 months 24 days 7 months 6 days
Weighted average discount rate - operating leases 7.60% 7.50%
Weighted average discount rate - finance leases 3.90% 3.80%
v3.25.4
Leases - Schedule of Maturity of Operating and Finance Lease Liabilities (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Thousands
Dec. 31, 2025
Dec. 31, 2024
Operating Leases    
2026 $ 56,302  
2027 56,745  
2028 58,498  
2029 60,271  
2030 59,301  
Thereafter 371,682  
Total undiscounted payments 662,799  
Less: imputed interest (222,934)  
Total lease liability 439,865  
Less: current portion of lease liability (22,787) $ (28,630)
Operating lease liabilities, non-current 417,078 438,766
Finance Leases    
2026 20  
2027 0  
2028 0  
2029 0  
2030 0  
Thereafter 0  
Total undiscounted payments 20  
Less: imputed interest 0  
Total lease liability 20  
Less: current portion of lease liability $ (20) $ (335)
Operating Lease, Liability, Current, Statement of Financial Position [Extensible Enumeration] Accrued expenses and other current liabilities Accrued expenses and other current liabilities
Finance Lease, Liability, Current, Statement of Financial Position [Extensible Enumeration] Accrued expenses and other current liabilities Accrued expenses and other current liabilities
v3.25.4
Supplemental Financial Information - Schedule of Cash, Cash Equivalents and Restricted Cash (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Thousands
Dec. 31, 2025
Dec. 31, 2024
Dec. 31, 2023
Dec. 31, 2022
Supplemental Balance Sheet Information [Abstract]        
Cash and cash equivalents $ 167,202 $ 561,572 $ 944,073 $ 1,315,792
Restricted cash included in prepaid expenses and other current assets 7,031 5,839 4,789  
Restricted cash included in other non-current assets 38,138 38,332 40,722  
Total cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash $ 212,371 $ 605,743 $ 989,584 $ 1,369,581
v3.25.4
Supplemental Financial Information - Summary of Property and Equipment, Net (Detail) - USD ($)
$ in Thousands
Dec. 31, 2025
Dec. 31, 2024
Property Plant And Equipment [Line Items]    
Total property, plant, and equipment $ 358,380 $ 364,592
Less: Accumulated depreciation (190,597) (160,872)
Property, plant and equipment, net 167,783 203,720
Lab equipment    
Property Plant And Equipment [Line Items]    
Total property, plant, and equipment 146,279 150,887
Leasehold improvements    
Property Plant And Equipment [Line Items]    
Total property, plant, and equipment 140,513 135,964
Buildings and facilities    
Property Plant And Equipment [Line Items]    
Total property, plant, and equipment 49,760 48,255
Construction in progress    
Property Plant And Equipment [Line Items]    
Total property, plant, and equipment 192 1,984
Computer equipment and software    
Property Plant And Equipment [Line Items]    
Total property, plant, and equipment 9,056 14,897
Furniture and fixtures    
Property Plant And Equipment [Line Items]    
Total property, plant, and equipment 6,520 6,545
Land    
Property Plant And Equipment [Line Items]    
Total property, plant, and equipment $ 6,060 $ 6,060
v3.25.4
Supplemental Financial Information - Additional Information (Detail)
$ in Millions
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2025
USD ($)
Dec. 31, 2024
USD ($)
facility
Dec. 31, 2023
USD ($)
Property Plant And Equipment [Line Items]      
Depreciation $ 40.3 $ 45.0 $ 54.8
Number of facilities | facility   2  
Construction in progress      
Property Plant And Equipment [Line Items]      
Impairment charges $ 5.8    
Lab equipment      
Property Plant And Equipment [Line Items]      
Impairment charges   $ 25.2  
v3.25.4
Supplemental Financial Information - Schedule of Accrued Expenses and Other Current Liabilities (Detail) - USD ($)
$ in Thousands
Dec. 31, 2025
Dec. 31, 2024
Supplemental Balance Sheet Information [Abstract]    
Operating lease liabilities $ 22,787 $ 28,630
Contractual shortfall liabilities (Note 12) 15,919 0
Employee compensation and benefits 4,258 9,894
Contingent consideration liability 5,438 5,438
Biosecurity costs 5,046 4,032
Deferred other income 1,033 2,889
Employee termination costs 816 2,387
Professional fees and securities litigation costs 4,378 2,167
External research and development expenses 1,072 713
Finance lease liabilities 20 335
Property and equipment 0 138
Other current liabilities 5,691 8,764
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities $ 66,458 $ 65,387
Operating Lease, Liability, Current, Statement of Financial Position [Extensible Enumeration] Accrued expenses and other current liabilities Accrued expenses and other current liabilities
Finance Lease, Liability, Current, Statement of Financial Position [Extensible Enumeration] Accrued expenses and other current liabilities Accrued expenses and other current liabilities
v3.25.4
Supplemental Financial Information - Schedule of Supplemental Cash Flow Information (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Thousands
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2025
Dec. 31, 2024
Dec. 31, 2023
Supplemental Financial Statement Information [Abstract]      
Cash paid for interest $ 4 $ 32 $ 83
Cash paid for income taxes 192 894 670
ROU Asset obtained in exchange for new operating lease liabilities 336 223,853 27,668
Purchases of property and equipment included in accounts payable and accrued expenses 46 2,565 2,915
Convertible financial instruments received for Cell Engineering services 0 0 4,542
Equity securities and warrants received for Cell Engineering services 0 55 17,450
Common stock issued for acquisitions 777 18,245 6,820
Common stock issued as settlement of contingent consideration liabilities 0 14,742 8,896
Common stock issued for retention payments related to business and asset acquisitions 0 5,258 0
Return of investment in equity securities for reduction in deferred revenue 0 6,760 0
Conversion of notes receivable for common stock 0 10,476 0
Issuance costs related to ATM offering included in accounts payable and accrued expenses $ 53 $ 0 $ 0
v3.25.4
Commitments and Contingencies - Additional Information (Detail)
 1 Months Ended 12 Months Ended
Apr. 01, 2027
USD ($)
Apr. 01, 2026
USD ($)
Apr. 01, 2025
USD ($)
Aug. 29, 2023
Jan. 31, 2026
USD ($)
Apr. 30, 2025
USD ($)
Oct. 31, 2023
USD ($)
Dec. 31, 2025
USD ($)
Dec. 31, 2024
USD ($)
Dec. 31, 2026
USD ($)
Oct. 03, 2025
USD ($)
Aug. 31, 2023
USD ($)
Apr. 01, 2022
USD ($)
Other Commitments [Line Items]                          
Unrecorded unconditional purchase obligation, term (in years)     4 years 5 years                  
Unrecorded unconditional purchase obligation, year one     $ 10,000,000.0               $ 6,000,000.0 $ 8,000,000.0  
Unrecorded unconditional purchase obligation, year two     13,000,000.0               8,000,000.0 28,000,000.0  
Unrecorded unconditional purchase obligation, year three     16,000,000.0               12,000,000.0 54,000,000.0  
Unrecorded unconditional purchase obligation, year four     $ 19,000,000.0               18,000,000.0 86,000,000.0  
Unrecorded unconditional purchase obligation, year five                     28,000,000.0 113,000,000.0  
Unrecorded unconditional purchase obligation, to be paid, year six                     38,000,000.0    
Unrecorded unconditional purchase obligation, purchases           $ 4,000,000.0              
Unrecorded unconditional purchase obligation                     $ 110,000,000 $ 289,000,000 $ 58,000,000.0
Loss on contracts               $ 8,700,000          
Forecast                          
Other Commitments [Line Items]                          
Unrecorded unconditional purchase obligation, purchases $ 6,000,000.0 $ 5,000,000.0                      
Forecast | Surety Bond                          
Other Commitments [Line Items]                          
Amount required to fund                   $ 47,000,000.0      
Strategic Cloud and AI Partnership with Google Cloud                          
Other Commitments [Line Items]                          
Contractual shortfall liability               $ 20,900,000          
Strategic Cloud and AI Partnership with Google Cloud | Subsequent Event                          
Other Commitments [Line Items]                          
Contractual shortfall liability, required payment         $ 14,000,000.0                
StrideBio                          
Other Commitments [Line Items]                          
Asset acquisition, consideration transferred                 $ 0        
Royalty received from licensing revenue               0.10          
Royalty received from license or sale of a product               0.40          
StrideBio | Common Class A                          
Other Commitments [Line Items]                          
Asset acquisition, consideration transferred             $ 21,300,000            
v3.25.4
Stockholders' Equity - Schedule of Capitalization (Details) - shares
Dec. 31, 2025
Dec. 31, 2024
Class Of Stock [Line Items]    
Common stock, authorized (in shares) 15,800,000,000 15,800,000,000
Common stock, issued (in shares) 61,680,449 57,815,105
Common stock, outstanding (in shares) 58,207,298 54,365,785
Class A    
Class Of Stock [Line Items]    
Common stock, authorized (in shares) 10,500,000,000 10,500,000,000
Common stock, issued (in shares) 49,694,610 45,575,423
Common stock, outstanding (in shares) 46,791,082 42,696,585
Class B    
Class Of Stock [Line Items]    
Common stock, authorized (in shares) 4,500,000,000 4,500,000,000
Common stock, issued (in shares) 8,985,839 9,239,682
Common stock, outstanding (in shares) 8,416,216 8,669,200
Class C    
Class Of Stock [Line Items]    
Common stock, authorized (in shares) 800,000,000 800,000,000
Common stock, issued (in shares) 3,000,000 3,000,000
Common stock, outstanding (in shares) 3,000,000 3,000,000
v3.25.4
Stockholders' Equity - Additional Information (Details)
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2025
USD ($)
vote
$ / shares
shares
Sep. 04, 2025
USD ($)
Aug. 07, 2025
USD ($)
Dec. 31, 2024
$ / shares
shares
Class Of Stock [Line Items]        
Preferred stock, authorized (in shares) 200,000,000     200,000,000
Preferred stock, par value (in dollars per share) | $ / shares $ 0.0001     $ 0.0001
Preferred stock, issued (in shares) 0     0
Common stock, authorized (in shares) 15,800,000,000     15,800,000,000
Common stock, par value (in dollars per share) | $ / shares $ 0.0001     $ 0.0001
Dividends | $ $ 0      
Common stock, conversion ratio (in shares) 1      
ATM Program        
Class Of Stock [Line Items]        
Sale of stock, authorized amount | $     $ 500,000,000.0  
Sales Agreement with Allen & Company LLC        
Class Of Stock [Line Items]        
Sale of stock, authorized amount | $   $ 100,000,000.0    
New Ginkgo Preferred Stock        
Class Of Stock [Line Items]        
Preferred stock, authorized (in shares) 200,000,000      
Preferred stock, par value (in dollars per share) | $ / shares $ 0.0001      
Preferred stock, issued (in shares) 0      
Preferred stock, outstanding (in shares) 0      
Class A        
Class Of Stock [Line Items]        
Common stock, authorized (in shares) 10,500,000,000     10,500,000,000
Common stock, par value (in dollars per share) | $ / shares $ 0.0001      
Common stock, voting rights | vote 1      
Class B        
Class Of Stock [Line Items]        
Common stock, authorized (in shares) 4,500,000,000     4,500,000,000
Common stock, par value (in dollars per share) | $ / shares $ 0.0001      
Common stock, voting rights | vote 10      
Class C        
Class Of Stock [Line Items]        
Common stock, authorized (in shares) 800,000,000     800,000,000
Common stock, par value (in dollars per share) | $ / shares $ 0.0001      
v3.25.4
Stockholders' Equity - Schedule of Common Stock Reserved for Future Issuances (Detail)
Dec. 31, 2025
shares
Class Of Stock [Line Items]  
Total common stock reserved for future issuances (in shares) 13,461,107
Warrants  
Class Of Stock [Line Items]  
Total common stock reserved for future issuances (in shares) 1,295,622
2021 Incentive Award Plan  
Class Of Stock [Line Items]  
Total common stock reserved for future issuances (in shares) 3,336,606
2021 Employee Stock Purchase Plan  
Class Of Stock [Line Items]  
Total common stock reserved for future issuances (in shares) 2,500,000
2022 Inducement Plan  
Class Of Stock [Line Items]  
Total common stock reserved for future issuances (in shares) 292,172
Employee Stock Option  
Class Of Stock [Line Items]  
Total common stock reserved for future issuances (in shares) 366,567
Unvested RSUs  
Class Of Stock [Line Items]  
Total common stock reserved for future issuances (in shares) 1,262,853
Performance Shares  
Class Of Stock [Line Items]  
Total common stock reserved for future issuances (in shares) 4,407,287
v3.25.4
Stock-Based Compensation - Summary of Stock-Based Compensation (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Thousands
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2025
Dec. 31, 2024
Dec. 31, 2023
Share Based Compensation Arrangement By Share Based Payment Award [Line Items]      
Total $ 81,546 $ 112,344 $ 229,884
Research and development      
Share Based Compensation Arrangement By Share Based Payment Award [Line Items]      
Total 34,210 56,020 145,879
General and administrative      
Share Based Compensation Arrangement By Share Based Payment Award [Line Items]      
Total 42,463 56,324 84,005
Cost of Sales | Other Revenue      
Share Based Compensation Arrangement By Share Based Payment Award [Line Items]      
Total 2,249 0 0
Cost of Sales | Biosecurity      
Share Based Compensation Arrangement By Share Based Payment Award [Line Items]      
Total $ 2,624 $ 0 $ 0
v3.25.4
Stock-Based Compensation - Additional Information (Details)
$ / shares in Units, $ in Thousands
 1 Months Ended 12 Months Ended
Sep. 16, 2021
$ / shares
shares
Jun. 30, 2025
USD ($)
Apr. 30, 2024
founder
$ / shares
shares
Dec. 31, 2025
USD ($)
installment
condition
stockOption
hurdle
$ / shares
shares
Dec. 31, 2024
USD ($)
$ / shares
shares
Dec. 31, 2023
USD ($)
$ / shares
Nov. 15, 2021
$ / shares
Share Based Compensation Arrangement By Share Based Payment Award [Line Items]              
Total common stock reserved for future issuances (in shares)       13,461,107      
Share-based compensation arrangement, common stock reserved for issuance, automatic increase term       10 years      
Types of time-based stock options | stockOption       2      
Stock options, number of annual installments | installment       3      
Stock options expiration period       10 years      
Aggregate intrinsic value of stock options exercised | $         $ 900 $ 9,100  
Granted (in shares)       171,875      
Number of vesting conditions | condition       2      
Options, grants in period, weighted average grant date fair value (in dollars per share) | $ / shares       $ 7.48 $ 11.35 $ 57.20  
Risk-free interest rate       4.06% 4.27% 3.94%  
Expected volatility       100.00% 97.00% 93.00%  
Expected dividend rate       0.00% 0.00% 0.00%  
Total | $       $ 81,546 $ 112,344 $ 229,884  
Exercise of stock options (in shares)       0      
500 Then 25%              
Share Based Compensation Arrangement By Share Based Payment Award [Line Items]              
Share price (in dollars per share) | $ / shares             $ 500
Earnout Shares | Minimum              
Share Based Compensation Arrangement By Share Based Payment Award [Line Items]              
Vesting period 20 days            
Earnout Shares | Maximum              
Share Based Compensation Arrangement By Share Based Payment Award [Line Items]              
Vesting period 30 days            
Employee Stock Option              
Share Based Compensation Arrangement By Share Based Payment Award [Line Items]              
Total common stock reserved for future issuances (in shares)       366,567      
Unrecognized compensation expense | $       $ 1,500      
Unrecognized stock-based compensation recognition period       2 years 3 months 18 days      
Escrow Shares              
Share Based Compensation Arrangement By Share Based Payment Award [Line Items]              
Vesting period       4 years      
Share-based compensation arrangement by share-based payment award vesting rights, percentage       25.00%      
Unvested RSUs              
Share Based Compensation Arrangement By Share Based Payment Award [Line Items]              
Total common stock reserved for future issuances (in shares)       1,262,853      
Unrecognized compensation expense | $       $ 58,300      
Unrecognized stock-based compensation recognition period       1 year 9 months 18 days      
Options, grants in period, weighted average grant date fair value (in dollars per share) | $ / shares         $ 43.81 $ 55.60  
Fair value of vested stock options | $       $ 87,600 $ 232,900 $ 365,300  
Granted (in dollars per share) | $ / shares       $ 8.02      
Earnout RSUs              
Share Based Compensation Arrangement By Share Based Payment Award [Line Items]              
Unrecognized compensation expense | $       $ 0      
Fair value of vested stock options | $       $ 200 $ 4,500 $ 7,600  
Founder Options              
Share Based Compensation Arrangement By Share Based Payment Award [Line Items]              
Number of company founders | founder     4        
Granted (in shares)     125,000        
Grants in period, exercise price (in dollars per share) | $ / shares     $ 100 $ 7.80      
Number of stock price hurdles | hurdle       4      
Vesting period       5 years      
Risk-free interest rate       4.65%      
Expected volatility       72.00%      
Suboptimal exercise multiple       2.8      
Expected dividend rate       0.00%      
Founder Options | 500 Then 25%              
Share Based Compensation Arrangement By Share Based Payment Award [Line Items]              
Share-based payment arrangement, options vested, percentage       0.10      
Share price (in dollars per share) | $ / shares       $ 200      
Founder Options | 600 Then 25%              
Share Based Compensation Arrangement By Share Based Payment Award [Line Items]              
Share-based payment arrangement, options vested, percentage       0.10      
Share price (in dollars per share) | $ / shares       $ 300      
Founder Options | 700 Then 25%              
Share Based Compensation Arrangement By Share Based Payment Award [Line Items]              
Share-based payment arrangement, options vested, percentage       0.20      
Share price (in dollars per share) | $ / shares       $ 400      
Founder Options | 800 Then 25%              
Share Based Compensation Arrangement By Share Based Payment Award [Line Items]              
Share-based payment arrangement, options vested, percentage       0.60      
Share price (in dollars per share) | $ / shares       $ 500      
Performance Shares              
Share Based Compensation Arrangement By Share Based Payment Award [Line Items]              
Total common stock reserved for future issuances (in shares)       4,407,287      
Unrecognized compensation expense | $       $ 7,300      
Unrecognized stock-based compensation recognition period       3 months 18 days      
Granted (in dollars per share) | $ / shares       $ 8.01      
Performance Shares | Minimum              
Share Based Compensation Arrangement By Share Based Payment Award [Line Items]              
Share-based compensation arrangement by share-based payment award vesting rights, percentage       0.00%      
Performance Shares | Maximum              
Share Based Compensation Arrangement By Share Based Payment Award [Line Items]              
Share-based compensation arrangement by share-based payment award vesting rights, percentage       100.00%      
Founder PSU Awards              
Share Based Compensation Arrangement By Share Based Payment Award [Line Items]              
Total | $   $ 10,500          
Common Stock | Earnout Shares | 500 Then 25%              
Share Based Compensation Arrangement By Share Based Payment Award [Line Items]              
Share price (in dollars per share) | $ / shares $ 500            
Common Stock | Earnout Shares | 600 Then 25%              
Share Based Compensation Arrangement By Share Based Payment Award [Line Items]              
Share price (in dollars per share) | $ / shares 600            
Common Stock | Earnout Shares | 700 Then 25%              
Share Based Compensation Arrangement By Share Based Payment Award [Line Items]              
Share price (in dollars per share) | $ / shares 700            
Common Stock | Earnout Shares | 800 Then 25%              
Share Based Compensation Arrangement By Share Based Payment Award [Line Items]              
Share price (in dollars per share) | $ / shares $ 800            
2022 Inducement Plan Member              
Share Based Compensation Arrangement By Share Based Payment Award [Line Items]              
Total common stock reserved for future issuances (in shares)       292,172      
2022 Inducement Plan Member | Common Stock              
Share Based Compensation Arrangement By Share Based Payment Award [Line Items]              
Total common stock reserved for future issuances (in shares)         625,000    
2021 Incentive Award Plan              
Share Based Compensation Arrangement By Share Based Payment Award [Line Items]              
Total common stock reserved for future issuances (in shares)       3,336,606      
Shares issued in period (in shares) 5,011,024            
Share-based payment award, percentage of outstanding stock 4.00%            
Number of shares to be issued pursuant to awards granted (in shares) 5,000,000,000,000            
2021 Employee Stock Purchase Plan              
Share Based Compensation Arrangement By Share Based Payment Award [Line Items]              
Total common stock reserved for future issuances (in shares)       2,500,000      
Share-based payment award, percentage of outstanding stock 1.00%            
Number of shares to be issued pursuant to awards granted (in shares) 2,500,000,000,000     2,500,000,000,000      
Percentage of non-participation of combined voting power or value of all classes of stock 5.00%            
Number of shares authorized (in shares) 500,000,000,000            
Granted (in shares)       0      
v3.25.4
Stock-Based Compensation - Summary of Stock Option Activity (Details)
$ / shares in Units, $ in Thousands
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2025
USD ($)
$ / shares
shares
Number of Shares  
Beginning balance (in shares) | shares 267,520
Granted (in shares) | shares 171,875
Exercised (in shares) | shares 0
Forfeited (in shares) | shares (72,828)
Ending balance (in shares) | shares 366,567
Exercisable (in shares) | shares 136,014
Weighted Average Exercise Price per Share  
Beginning balance (in dollars per share) | $ / shares $ 25.17
Granted (in dollars per share) | $ / shares 9.29
Exercised (in dollars per share) | $ / shares 0
Forfeited (in shares) | $ / shares 36.96
Ending balance (in dollars per share) | $ / shares 15.38
Exercisable (in dollars per share) | $ / shares $ 24.74
Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Term (in years)  
Outstanding (in years) 8 years 10 months 24 days
Exercisable (in years) 8 years 4 months 24 days
Aggregate Intrinsic Value  
Outstanding | $ $ 0
Exercisable | $ $ 0
v3.25.4
Stock-Based Compensation - Schedule of Share-based Payment Award, Stock Options, Valuation Assumptions (Details) - $ / shares
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2025
Dec. 31, 2024
Dec. 31, 2023
Share-Based Payment Arrangement [Abstract]      
Options, grants in period, weighted average grant date fair value (in dollars per share) $ 7.48 $ 11.35 $ 57.20
Risk-free interest rate 4.06% 4.27% 3.94%
Expected volatility 100.00% 97.00% 93.00%
Expected term (in years) 6 years 5 years 8 months 12 days 5 years 6 months
v3.25.4
Stock-Based Compensation - Schedule of Share-based Payment Award, Founder Options, Valuation Assumptions (Details) - $ / shares
 1 Months Ended 12 Months Ended
Apr. 30, 2024
Dec. 31, 2025
Dec. 31, 2024
Dec. 31, 2023
Share Based Compensation Arrangement By Share Based Payment Award [Line Items]        
Risk-free interest rate   4.06% 4.27% 3.94%
Expected volatility   100.00% 97.00% 93.00%
Expected dividend rate   0.00% 0.00% 0.00%
Founder Options        
Share Based Compensation Arrangement By Share Based Payment Award [Line Items]        
Options, grants in period, weighted average grant date fair value (in dollars per share) $ 100 $ 7.80    
Risk-free interest rate   4.65%    
Expected volatility   72.00%    
Suboptimal exercise multiple   2.8    
Expected dividend rate   0.00%    
v3.25.4
Stock-Based Compensation - Share-based Payment Arrangement, Restricted Stock Unit, Activity (Details)
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2025
$ / shares
shares
Unvested RSUs  
Number of Shares  
Nonvested beginning period (in shares) | shares 3,327,398
Granted (in shares) | shares 1,176,419
Vested (in shares) | shares (1,797,720)
Forfeited (in shares) | shares (1,443,244)
Nonvested ending balance (in shares) | shares 1,262,853
Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value  
Nonvested beginning balance (in dollars per share) | $ / shares $ 69.00
Granted (in dollars per share) | $ / shares 8.02
Vested (in dollars per share) | $ / shares 48.74
Forfeited (in dollars per share) | $ / shares 56.71
Nonvested ending balance (in dollars per share) | $ / shares $ 55.07
Performance Shares  
Number of Shares  
Granted (in shares) | shares 5,599,647
Vested (in shares) | shares 0
Forfeited (in shares) | shares (1,192,360)
Nonvested ending balance (in shares) | shares 4,407,287
Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value  
Granted (in dollars per share) | $ / shares $ 8.01
Vested (in dollars per share) | $ / shares
Forfeited (in dollars per share) | $ / shares 7.81
Nonvested ending balance (in dollars per share) | $ / shares $ 8.06
v3.25.4
Stock-Based Compensation - Summary of Activity For Earnout RSA (Details) - Earnout RSUs
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2025
$ / shares
shares
Number of Shares  
Nonvested beginning period (in shares) | shares 552,457
Vested (in shares) | shares (321)
Forfeited (in shares) | shares (859)
Nonvested ending balance (in shares) | shares 551,277
Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value  
Nonvested beginning balance (in dollars per share) | $ / shares $ 510.80
Vested (in dollars per share) | $ / shares 533.60
Forfeited (in dollars per share) | $ / shares 512.62
Nonvested ending balance (in dollars per share) | $ / shares $ 510.78
v3.25.4
Revenue Recognition - Disaggregation of Revenue (Details) - Product Concentration Risk - Revenue from Contract with Customer Benchmark
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2025
Dec. 31, 2024
Dec. 31, 2023
Pharmaceutical and biotechnology      
Disaggregation Of Revenue [Line Items]      
Concentration risk percentage 35.00% 26.00% 30.00%
Agriculture      
Disaggregation Of Revenue [Line Items]      
Concentration risk percentage 28.00% 19.00% 24.00%
Government and defense      
Disaggregation Of Revenue [Line Items]      
Concentration risk percentage 23.00% 13.00% 6.00%
Industrial and environment      
Disaggregation Of Revenue [Line Items]      
Concentration risk percentage 5.00% 6.00% 16.00%
Consumer and technology      
Disaggregation Of Revenue [Line Items]      
Concentration risk percentage 5.00% 4.00% 8.00%
Food and nutrition      
Disaggregation Of Revenue [Line Items]      
Concentration risk percentage 4.00% 32.00% 16.00%
Total Cell Engineering revenue      
Disaggregation Of Revenue [Line Items]      
Concentration risk percentage 100.00% 100.00% 100.00%
v3.25.4
Revenue Recognition - Additional Information (Details) - USD ($)
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2025
Dec. 31, 2024
Dec. 31, 2023
Disaggregation Of Revenue [Line Items]      
Contract asset $ 0 $ 0  
Unbilled contracts receivable 14,500,000 11,300,000  
Contract with customer, revenue recognized 48,700,000 88,100,000  
Deferred other income   126,500,000 $ 202,500,000
Revenue remaining performance obligation amount 158,600,000 85,800,000  
Cumulative catch-up adjustment to revenue 2,900,000 $ 7,200,000 $ 2,300,000
Year 1 | Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction, Start Date [Axis]: 2026-01-01      
Disaggregation Of Revenue [Line Items]      
Performance obligation satisfied, revenue recognized $ 23,000,000.0    
Revenue, remaining performance obligation, expected timing of satisfaction, period (in years) 1 year    
Year 1 - 2 | Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction, Start Date [Axis]: 2026-01-01      
Disaggregation Of Revenue [Line Items]      
Performance obligation satisfied, revenue recognized $ 40,900,000    
Revenue, remaining performance obligation, expected timing of satisfaction, period (in years) 2 years    
Year 1 - 3 | Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction, Start Date [Axis]: 2026-01-01      
Disaggregation Of Revenue [Line Items]      
Performance obligation satisfied, revenue recognized $ 86,900,000    
Revenue, remaining performance obligation, expected timing of satisfaction, period (in years) 3 years    
Year 1 - 4 | Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction, Start Date [Axis]: 2026-01-01      
Disaggregation Of Revenue [Line Items]      
Performance obligation satisfied, revenue recognized $ 3,400,000    
Revenue, remaining performance obligation, expected timing of satisfaction, period (in years) 4 years    
Year 1 - 5 | Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction, Start Date [Axis]: 2026-01-01      
Disaggregation Of Revenue [Line Items]      
Performance obligation satisfied, revenue recognized $ 4,400,000    
Revenue, remaining performance obligation, expected timing of satisfaction, period (in years) 5 years    
UNITED STATES | Customer Concentration Risk | Revenue from Contract with Customer Benchmark      
Disaggregation Of Revenue [Line Items]      
Revenue from customers within the United States 76.00% 81.00% 82.00%
Cell Engineering      
Disaggregation Of Revenue [Line Items]      
Revenue recognized as non cash consideration $ 11,600,000 $ 61,400,000 $ 48,500,000
v3.25.4
Segment Information - Additional Information (Details)
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2025
segment
asset
Segment Reporting [Abstract]  
Number of operating segments 2
Number of reportable segments 2
Number of core assets | asset 2
v3.25.4
Segment Information - Schedule of Segment Reporting Information, by Segment (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Thousands
 3 Months Ended 12 Months Ended
Jun. 30, 2024
Dec. 31, 2025
Dec. 31, 2024
Dec. 31, 2023
Revenue:        
Revenue   $ 170,155 $ 227,043 $ 251,455
Segment research and development expense        
Research and development   243,773 424,061 580,621
Segment general and administrative expense        
General and administrative   183,290 246,161 385,025
Segment operating (loss) income:        
Total segment operating loss   (315,278) (559,757) (864,406)
Reconciling items to reconcile total segment operating loss to loss before income taxes:        
Stock-based compensation   81,546 112,344 229,884
Impairment expense   0 4,823  
Depreciation and amortization   58,990 63,020 70,507
Restructuring charges   11,398 24,172 0
Carrying cost of excess space (net of sublease income)   76,283 72,924 65,406
Other (expense) income, net   (1,678) (12,249) 28,534
Loss before income taxes   (313,600) (547,508) (892,940)
Employer payroll taxes   1,200 3,000 5,000
Goodwill impairment $ 47,900 0 47,858 0
Service        
Revenue:        
Revenue   37,409 53,071 78,975
Segment cost of revenue        
Total segment cost of revenue   31,521 38,549 46,524
Product        
Revenue:        
Revenue   0 0 28,949
Segment cost of revenue        
Total segment cost of revenue   0 0 7,481
Lab equipment        
Reconciling items to reconcile total segment operating loss to loss before income taxes:        
Impairment expense     5,800  
Goodwill impairment       25,200
Lease Assets        
Reconciling items to reconcile total segment operating loss to loss before income taxes:        
Goodwill impairment       96,200
Corporate, Non-Segment        
Reconciling items to reconcile total segment operating loss to loss before income taxes:        
Stock-based compensation   82,704 115,299 234,908
Impairment expense   0 53,654 121,404
Depreciation and amortization   58,990 63,020 70,507
Restructuring charges   11,398 24,172 0
Carrying cost of excess space (net of sublease income)   53,723 25,986 0
Merger and acquisition related expenses   (5,998) 4,417 61,188
Acquired in-process research and development   0 19,849 9,582
Other (expense) income, net   (1,678) (8,075) 28,535
Cell Engineering and Biosecurity | Operating Segments        
Segment operating (loss) income:        
Total segment operating loss   (114,461) (249,186) (366,816)
Cell Engineering        
Revenue:        
Revenue   132,746 173,972 143,531
Segment cost of revenue        
Total segment cost of revenue   13,203 5,999 0
Segment research and development expense        
Research and development   158,541 271,512 335,943
Segment general and administrative expense        
General and administrative   56,532 115,028 171,210
Segment operating (loss) income:        
Total segment operating loss   (95,530) (218,567) (363,622)
Biosecurity        
Segment research and development expense        
Research and development   0 771 1,599
Segment general and administrative expense        
General and administrative   27,443 44,370 55,514
Segment operating (loss) income:        
Total segment operating loss   (18,931) (30,619) (3,194)
Biosecurity | Service        
Revenue:        
Revenue   37,409 53,071 78,975
Segment cost of revenue        
Total segment cost of revenue   28,897 38,549 46,524
Biosecurity | Product        
Revenue:        
Revenue   0 0 28,949
Segment cost of revenue        
Total segment cost of revenue   $ 0 $ 0 $ 7,481
v3.25.4
Significant Collaboration Transactions with Related Parties - Narrative (Details)
$ in Thousands
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2025
USD ($)
materialRight
Dec. 31, 2024
USD ($)
Dec. 31, 2023
USD ($)
Dec. 31, 2019
USD ($)
Sep. 30, 2019
USD ($)
Collaborative Arrangement and Arrangement Other than Collaborative [Line Items]          
Deferred other income   $ 126,500 $ 202,500    
Revenue remaining performance obligation amount $ 158,600 85,800      
(Loss) gain on investments: (16,411) (28,827) (54,827)    
Genomatica, Inc. Preferred Stock          
Collaborative Arrangement and Arrangement Other than Collaborative [Line Items]          
(Loss) gain on investments: 0 (11,885) (33,000)    
SAFEs          
Collaborative Arrangement and Arrangement Other than Collaborative [Line Items]          
(Loss) gain on investments:   (7,208) $ (2,742)    
Related Party          
Collaborative Arrangement and Arrangement Other than Collaborative [Line Items]          
Deferred other income 64,908 73,055      
Related Party | Genomatica, Inc. Preferred Stock          
Collaborative Arrangement and Arrangement Other than Collaborative [Line Items]          
Upfront amount received       $ 40,000  
Other Equity Investee [Member] | Related Party          
Collaborative Arrangement and Arrangement Other than Collaborative [Line Items]          
Deferred other income 7,500        
Genomatica | Related Party          
Collaborative Arrangement and Arrangement Other than Collaborative [Line Items]          
Deferred other income 0 564      
Preferred stock investment, impairment loss $ 11,900 33,000      
Genomatica | Related Party | Two Thousand And Eighteen Technical Development Agreement | Variable Interest Entity, Not Primary Beneficiary          
Collaborative Arrangement and Arrangement Other than Collaborative [Line Items]          
Revenue remaining performance obligation amount         $ 15,000
Investment owned, at cost       $ 40,000  
BiomEdit | Related Party          
Collaborative Arrangement and Arrangement Other than Collaborative [Line Items]          
Number of estimated material rights | materialRight 4        
Deferred other income $ 0 7,583      
Arcaea | Related Party          
Collaborative Arrangement and Arrangement Other than Collaborative [Line Items]          
Number of estimated material rights | materialRight 10        
Deferred other income $ 28,413 28,413      
Allonnia | Related Party          
Collaborative Arrangement and Arrangement Other than Collaborative [Line Items]          
Number of estimated material rights | materialRight 10        
Deferred other income $ 36,495 36,495      
Motif FoodWorks | Related Party          
Collaborative Arrangement and Arrangement Other than Collaborative [Line Items]          
Number of estimated material rights | materialRight 10        
Motif FoodWorks, Inc.          
Collaborative Arrangement and Arrangement Other than Collaborative [Line Items]          
Deferred other income   $ 45,400      
v3.25.4
Significant Collaboration Transactions with Related Parties - Balance Sheet (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Thousands
Dec. 31, 2025
Dec. 31, 2024
Dec. 31, 2023
Collaborative Arrangement and Arrangement Other than Collaborative [Line Items]      
Deferred other income   $ 126,500 $ 202,500
Related Party      
Collaborative Arrangement and Arrangement Other than Collaborative [Line Items]      
Deferred other income $ 64,908 73,055  
Allonnia | Related Party      
Collaborative Arrangement and Arrangement Other than Collaborative [Line Items]      
Deferred other income 36,495 36,495  
Arcaea | Related Party      
Collaborative Arrangement and Arrangement Other than Collaborative [Line Items]      
Deferred other income 28,413 28,413  
BiomEdit | Related Party      
Collaborative Arrangement and Arrangement Other than Collaborative [Line Items]      
Deferred other income 0 7,583  
Genomatica | Related Party      
Collaborative Arrangement and Arrangement Other than Collaborative [Line Items]      
Deferred other income $ 0 $ 564  
v3.25.4
Significant Collaboration Transactions with Related Parties - statement of Operations (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Thousands
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2025
Dec. 31, 2024
Dec. 31, 2023
Collaborative Arrangement and Arrangement Other than Collaborative [Line Items]      
Total revenue $ 170,155 $ 227,043 $ 251,455
Related Party      
Collaborative Arrangement and Arrangement Other than Collaborative [Line Items]      
Total revenue 8,784 53,041 22,222
Motif FoodWorks | Related Party      
Collaborative Arrangement and Arrangement Other than Collaborative [Line Items]      
Total revenue 0 45,445 6,660
Arcaea | Related Party      
Collaborative Arrangement and Arrangement Other than Collaborative [Line Items]      
Total revenue 0 4,653 6,024
Genomatica | Related Party      
Collaborative Arrangement and Arrangement Other than Collaborative [Line Items]      
Total revenue 564 1,453 4,232
Ayana Bio | Related Party      
Collaborative Arrangement and Arrangement Other than Collaborative [Line Items]      
Total revenue 637 1,028 1,323
BiomEdit | Related Party      
Collaborative Arrangement and Arrangement Other than Collaborative [Line Items]      
Total revenue 7,583 197 2,171
Verb Biotics | Related Party      
Collaborative Arrangement and Arrangement Other than Collaborative [Line Items]      
Total revenue 0 0 584
Allonnia | Related Party      
Collaborative Arrangement and Arrangement Other than Collaborative [Line Items]      
Total revenue 0 126 523
Other equity investees | Related Party      
Collaborative Arrangement and Arrangement Other than Collaborative [Line Items]      
Total revenue $ 0 $ 139 $ 705
v3.25.4
Employee Benefit Plan - Additional Information (Detail) - USD ($)
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2025
Dec. 31, 2024
Dec. 31, 2023
Retirement Benefits [Abstract]      
Contribution by company, percent 5.00%    
Defined contribution plan, vesting period 2 years    
Employee annual earning $ 100,000    
Maximum employer contributions 5,000    
Contribution by company, amount $ 3,300,000 $ 5,800,000 $ 8,200,000
v3.25.4
Income Taxes - Summary of Loss Before Provision for Incomes Taxes (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Thousands
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2025
Dec. 31, 2024
Dec. 31, 2023
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]      
Domestic $ (308,990) $ (514,354) $ (890,986)
Foreign (4,610) (33,154) (1,954)
Total $ (313,600) $ (547,508) $ (892,940)
v3.25.4
Income Taxes - Summary of Income Taxes Expenses (Benefit) Incurred During the Period (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Thousands
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2025
Dec. 31, 2024
Dec. 31, 2023
Current:      
State $ 873 $ 566 $ 690
Foreign (346) (109) 123
Total current 527 457 813
Deferred:      
Federal 0 0 0
State 0 0 0
Foreign (1,364) (936) (884)
Total deferred (1,364) (936) (884)
Income tax benefit $ (837) $ (479) $ (71)
v3.25.4
Income Taxes - Summary of Reconciliation of the Statutory Corporate Income Tax Rate to the Effective Tax Rate (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Thousands
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2025
Dec. 31, 2024
Dec. 31, 2023
Income Tax Expense (Benefit), Effective Income Tax Rate Reconciliation, Amount [Abstract]      
Tax at U.S. Statutory Rate $ (65,856)    
State and Local Income Taxes 663    
Other foreign jurisdictions (743)    
Stock compensation 14,728    
Limitation on executive compensation 1,495    
Gain/Loss on investments 3,446    
Other 461    
Research & Development Credits (1,079)    
Changes in Valuation Allowance 45,212    
Other 836    
Income tax benefit $ (837) $ (479) $ (71)
Effective Income Tax Rate Reconciliation, Percent [Abstract]      
Tax at U.S. Statutory Rate 21.00% 21.00% 21.00%
State and Local Income Taxes (0.20%) 0.10% 1.30%
Other foreign jurisdictions 0.20%    
Stock compensation (4.70%) (7.70%) (14.20%)
Limitation on executive compensation (0.50%) 0.20% 8.10%
Gain/Loss on investments (1.10%)    
Other (0.10%)    
Research & Development Credits 0.40% 0.50% 0.80%
Investments in subsidiaries and other   (0.60%) (29.00%)
Changes in Valuation Allowance (14.40%) (10.40%) 13.60%
Other 0.30% (3.00%) (1.60%)
Effective tax rate 0.30% 0.10% 0.00%
v3.25.4
Income Taxes - Summary of Deferred Taxes Assets and Liabilities (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Thousands
Dec. 31, 2025
Dec. 31, 2024
Dec. 31, 2023
Deferred tax assets:      
Net operating loss carryforwards $ 459,420 $ 332,482  
Tax credit carryforwards 63,612 61,497  
Capitalized research and development costs 155,755 214,208  
Accrued expenses 201 986  
Deferred revenue 21,765 28,549  
Stock-based compensation 48,809 52,388  
Amortizable intangibles 11,755 10,695  
Lease liabilities 112,072 116,118  
Investments in subsidiaries 59,027 57,534  
Property, plant, and equipment 2,464 0  
Other 1,257 1,232  
Deferred tax assets before valuation allowance 936,137 875,689  
Valuation allowance (840,060) (771,852) $ (711,778)
Deferred tax assets, net of valuation allowance 96,077 103,837  
Deferred tax liabilities:      
Amortizable intangibles (10,119) (11,660)  
Property, plant and equipment 0 (545)  
Lease right-of-use assets (92,052) (98,184)  
Deferred tax liabilities (102,171) (110,389)  
Net deferred taxes $ (6,094) $ (6,552)  
v3.25.4
Income Taxes - Summary of Deferred Tax Assets Valuation Allowance (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Thousands
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2025
Dec. 31, 2024
Deferred tax assets valuation allowance:    
Beginning of Period $ 771,852 $ 711,778
Additions (Subtractions) 68,208 60,074
End of Period $ 840,060 $ 771,852
v3.25.4
Income Taxes - Additional Information (Details) - USD ($)
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2025
Dec. 31, 2024
Income Tax Disclosure [Line Items]    
Valuation allowance, deferred tax asset, increase (decrease), amount $ 68,208,000 $ 60,074,000
Uncertain tax positions 0 0
Unrecognized tax benefits, Income tax penalties and interest accrued   $ 0
Domestic Tax Authority    
Income Tax Disclosure [Line Items]    
Operating loss carryforwards 1,800,000,000  
Domestic Tax Authority | Research Tax Credit Carryforward    
Income Tax Disclosure [Line Items]    
Tax credit carryforward, amount 38,800,000  
Domestic Tax Authority | Begin To Expire In 2029    
Income Tax Disclosure [Line Items]    
Operating loss carryforwards 139,200,000  
Domestic Tax Authority | Carried Forward Indefinitely    
Income Tax Disclosure [Line Items]    
Operating loss carryforwards 1,600,000,000  
State and Local Jurisdiction    
Income Tax Disclosure [Line Items]    
Operating loss carryforwards 1,500,000,000  
State and Local Jurisdiction | Research Tax Credit Carryforward    
Income Tax Disclosure [Line Items]    
Tax credit carryforward, amount 31,400,000  
State and Local Jurisdiction | Carried Forward Indefinitely    
Income Tax Disclosure [Line Items]    
Operating loss carryforwards 257,500,000  
State and Local Jurisdiction | Begin To Expire In 2030    
Income Tax Disclosure [Line Items]    
Operating loss carryforwards 1,200,000,000  
Foreign Tax Authority    
Income Tax Disclosure [Line Items]    
Operating loss carryforwards 3,900,000  
Foreign Tax Authority | Carried Forward Indefinitely    
Income Tax Disclosure [Line Items]    
Operating loss carryforwards 2,400,000  
Foreign Tax Authority | Begin To Expire In 2034    
Income Tax Disclosure [Line Items]    
Operating loss carryforwards $ 1,500,000  
v3.25.4
Income Taxes - Tax Paid (Details)
$ in Thousands
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2025
USD ($)
Income Tax Disclosure [Line Items]  
Federal $ 0
Foreign 0
Cash income taxes, net of refunds 192
California  
Income Tax Disclosure [Line Items]  
State and local: 12
South Carolina  
Income Tax Disclosure [Line Items]  
State and local: 148
All other state and local  
Income Tax Disclosure [Line Items]  
State and local: $ 32
v3.25.4
Net Loss per Share - Schedule of Earnings Per Share, Basic and Diluted (Details) - USD ($)
$ / shares in Units, $ in Thousands
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2025
Dec. 31, 2024
Dec. 31, 2023
Numerator:      
Net loss $ (312,763) $ (547,029) $ (892,869)
Denominator      
Weighted average common shares outstanding, basic (in shares) 55,457,676 51,894,639 48,610,507
Dilutive Securities, Effect on Basic Earnings Per Share [Abstract]      
Basic (in dollars per share) $ (5.64) $ (10.54) $ (18.37)
v3.25.4
Net Loss per Share - Summary of Anti-Dilutive Shares (Details) - shares
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2025
Dec. 31, 2024
Dec. 31, 2023
Class Of Stock [Line Items]      
Shares excluded from the computation of diluted loss per share (in shares) 11,125,392 9,205,115 9,095,068
Warrants to purchase Class A common stock      
Class Of Stock [Line Items]      
Shares excluded from the computation of diluted loss per share (in shares) 1,295,622 1,295,622 1,295,622
Unvested RSUs      
Class Of Stock [Line Items]      
Shares excluded from the computation of diluted loss per share (in shares) 1,262,853 3,327,398 3,804,189
Earnout Shares      
Class Of Stock [Line Items]      
Shares excluded from the computation of diluted loss per share (in shares) 3,793,063 3,794,243 3,803,049
Outstanding stock options      
Class Of Stock [Line Items]      
Shares excluded from the computation of diluted loss per share (in shares) 366,567 767,520 192,208
Escrow Shares      
Class Of Stock [Line Items]      
Shares excluded from the computation of diluted loss per share (in shares) 0 20,332 0
Performance Shares      
Class Of Stock [Line Items]      
Shares excluded from the computation of diluted loss per share (in shares) 4,407,287 0 0
v3.25.4
Subsequent Events (Additional Information) (Details)
Feb. 26, 2026
Subsequent Event  
Subsequent Event [Line Items]  
Stock purchase agreement, percent of equity interest to be received 20.00%