As filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on April 14, 2021
File No. 001-40235

 
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549

Amendment No. 1
to
Form 10

GENERAL FORM FOR REGISTRATION OF SECURITIES
Pursuant to Section 12(b) or (g) of
the Securities Exchange Act of 1934

Organon & Co.
(Exact name of Registrant as specified in its charter)

 
			
Delaware	 	85-2269702	
(State or other jurisdiction of
incorporation or organization)	 	(I.R.S. employer
Identification number)	
		
30 Hudson Street, Jersey City, NJ	 	07302	
(Address of principal executive offices)	 	(Zip Code)	
(551) 430-6000
(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)
Securities to be registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of Each Class
to be so Registered	  	Name of Each Exchange on which
Each Class is to be Registered	
Common Stock, par value $0.01 per share	  	NYSE	
Securities to be registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act: None

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer	 	☐	  	Accelerated filer	 	☐	
				
Non-accelerated filer	 	☒	  	Smaller reporting company	 	☐	
				
	 		  	Emerging growth company	 	☐	
If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act.  ☐

 

Organon & Co.
INFORMATION REQUIRED IN REGISTRATION STATEMENT
CROSS-REFERENCE SHEET BETWEEN INFORMATION STATEMENT
AND ITEMS OF FORM 10
Certain information required to be included herein is incorporated by reference to specifically identified portions of the body of the information statement filed herewith as Exhibit 99.1. None of the information contained in the information statement shall be incorporated by reference herein or deemed to be a part hereof unless such information is specifically incorporated by reference.
 
Item 1.	Business.	
The information required by this item is contained under the sections of the information statement entitled “Information Statement Summary,” “Risk Factors,” “Unaudited Pro Forma Financial Information,” “Selected Historical Financial Data,” “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations,” “Business,” “Certain Relationships and Related Party Transactions,” “Where You Can Find More Information,” and “Index to Financial Statements” and the financial statements referenced therein. Those sections are incorporated herein by reference.
 
Item 1A.	Risk Factors.	
The information required by this item is contained under the section of the information statement entitled “Risk Factors.” That section is incorporated herein by reference.
 
Item 2.	Financial Information.	
The information required by this item is contained under the sections of the information statement entitled “Unaudited Pro Forma Financial Information,” “Selected Historical Financial Data,” “Capitalization,” and “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.” Those sections are incorporated herein by reference.
 
Item 3.	Properties.	
The information required by this item is contained under the section of the information statement entitled “Business—Properties” and “Business—Manufacturing Capabilities and Global Supply Chain—Internal Manufacturing Capabilities.” That section is incorporated herein by reference.
 
Item 4.	Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management.	
The information required by this item is contained under the section of the information statement entitled “Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management.” That section is incorporated herein by reference.
 
Item 5.	Directors and Executive Officers.	
The information required by this item is contained under the section of the information statement entitled “Management.” That section is incorporated herein by reference.
 
Item 6.	Executive Compensation.	
The information required by this item is contained under the section of the information statement entitled “Executive Compensation.” That section is incorporated herein by reference.

Item 7.	Certain Relationships and Related Transactions.	
The information required by this item is contained under the sections of the information statement entitled “Management” and “Certain Relationships and Related Party Transactions.” Those sections are incorporated herein by reference.
 
Item 8.	Legal Proceedings.	
The information required by this item is contained under the section of the information statement entitled “Business—Legal Proceedings.” That section is incorporated herein by reference.
 
Item 9.	Market Price of, and Dividends on, the Registrant’s Common Equity and Related Stockholder Matters.	
The information required by this item is contained under the sections of the information statement entitled “Dividend Policy,” “Capitalization,” “The Separation and Distribution,” and “Description of Capital Stock.” Those sections are incorporated herein by reference.
 
Item 10.	Recent Sales of Unregistered Securities.	
The information required by this item is contained under the sections of the information statement entitled “Description of Certain Indebtedness.” Those sections are incorporated herein by reference.
 
Item 11.	Description of Registrant’s Securities to be Registered.	
The information required by this item is contained under the sections of the information statement entitled “Dividend Policy,” “The Separation and Distribution,” and “Description of Capital Stock.” Those sections are incorporated herein by reference.
 
Item 12.	Indemnification of Directors and Officers.	
The information required by this item is contained under the section of the information statement entitled “Description of Capital Stock—Limitations on Liability of Directors and Indemnification of Officers and Directors.” That section is incorporated herein by reference.
 
Item 13.	Financial Statements and Supplementary Data.	
The information required by this item is contained under the section of the information statement entitled “Index to Financial Statements” and the financial statements referenced therein. That section is incorporated herein by reference.
 
Item 14.	Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure.	
None.
 
Item 15.	Financial Statements and Exhibits.	
 
(a)	Financial Statements	
The information required by this item is contained under the section of the information statement entitled “Index to Financial Statements” and the financial statements referenced therein. That section is incorporated herein by reference.
 
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(b)	Exhibits	
The following documents are filed as exhibits hereto:

	Exhibit
Number	  		Exhibit Description	
			
  2.1	  	Form of Separation and Distribution Agreement by and between Merck & Co., Inc. and Organon & Co.		
			
  3.1	  	Form of Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation of Organon & Co.*		
			
  3.2	  	Form of Amended and Restated Bylaws of Organon & Co.*		
			
10.1	  	Form of Tax Matters Agreement by and between Merck & Co., Inc. and Organon & Co.		
			
10.2	  	Form of Employee Matters Agreement by and between Merck & Co., Inc. and Organon & Co.		
			
10.3	  	Form of Transition Services Agreement by and between Merck & Co., Inc. and Organon & Co.		
			
10.4	  	Development and Commercialization Agreement by and between Samsung Bioepis Co., Ltd., and Merck Sharp & Dohme Corp., dated February 18, 2013+		
			
10.5	  	Amendment No. 1 to Development and Commercialization Agreement by and between Samsung Bioepis Co., Ltd., and Merck Sharp & Dohme Corp., dated July 21, 2014+		
			
10.6	  	Amendment No. 2 to Development and Commercialization Agreement by and between Samsung Bioepis Co., Ltd., and Merck Sharp & Dohme Corp., dated August 2, 2017+		
			
10.7	  	Amendment No. 3 to Development and Commercialization Agreement by and between Samsung Bioepis Co., Ltd., and Merck Sharp & Dohme Corp., dated October 1, 2017+		
			
10.8	  	Amendment No. 4 to Development and Commercialization Agreement by and between Samsung Bioepis Co., Ltd., and Merck Sharp & Dohme Corp., dated September 1, 2018+		
			
10.9	  	Amendment No. 5 to Development and Commercialization Agreement by and between Samsung Bioepis Co., Ltd., and Merck Sharp & Dohme Corp., dated October 15, 2018+		
			
10.10	  	Amendment No. 6 to Development and Commercialization Agreement by and between Samsung Bioepis Co., Ltd., and Merck Sharp & Dohme Corp., dated December 19, 2018+		
			
10.11	  	Amendment No. 7 to Development and Commercialization Agreement by and between Samsung Bioepis Co., Ltd., and Merck Sharp & Dohme Corp., dated May 15, 2020+		
			
10.12	  	Specified Technology License Agreement (Nexplanon Rod Technology) by and between Merck Sharp & Dohme B.V. and Merck Sharp & Dohme RT B.V., dated October 28, 2020* +		
			
10.13	  	Form of Organon & Co. 2021 Incentive Stock Plan**		
			
10.14	  	Form of Indemnification Agreement		
			
21.1	  	Subsidiaries of the Registrant		
			
99.1	  	Information Statement of Organon & Co., preliminary and subject to completion.		

*	Previously filed.	
**	Executive Compensation Plan or Agreement.	
+	Certain confidential information contained in this document, marked by [***], has been omitted because it is both (i) not material and (ii) would be competitively harmful if publicly disclosed.	
 
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SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of Section 12 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this Amendment No. 1 to the registration statement to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.

Dated: April 14, 2021	 	By:	 		 	/s/ Jennifer Zachary	
	 		 		 	Name: Jennifer Zachary	
	 		 		 	Title: Vice President	
 
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Exhibit 2.1
SEPARATION AND DISTRIBUTION AGREEMENT
BY AND BETWEEN
MERCK & CO., INC.
AND
ORGANON & CO.
DATED AS OF JUNE [    ], 2021

TABLE OF CONTENTS

 	 	 	  	Page	 	
ARTICLE I DEFINITIONS	  	 	2	 	
			
Section 1.01	 	Definitions	  	 	2	 	
		
ARTICLE II THE SEPARATION	  	 	15	 	
			
Section 2.01	 	Governance and Listing of Organon	  	 	15	 	
Section 2.02	 	The Separation	  	 	16	 	
Section 2.03	 	IOM and Deferred Markets	  	 	17	 	
Section 2.04	 	Delayed Transfers of Organon Assets and Organon Liabilities	  	 	18	 	
Section 2.05	 	Delayed Transfers of Merck Assets and Merck Liabilities	  	 	20	 	
Section 2.06	 	Transaction Documents	  	 	21	 	
Section 2.07	 	Disclaimer of Representations and Warranties	  	 	21	 	
Section 2.08	 	Financing Arrangements; Organon Repayment; Use of Proceeds	  	 	23	 	
Section 2.09	 	Termination of Agreements	  	 	23	 	
Section 2.10	 	Settlement of Accounts between Merck and Organon	  	 	24	 	
Section 2.11	 	Novation of Liabilities; Release of Guarantees	  	 	25	 	
Section 2.12	 	Mixed Contracts; Mixed AR/AP	  	 	28	 	
Section 2.13	 	Quarterly Adjustments in Certain Markets	  	 	29	 	
Section 2.14	 	Further Assurances	  	 	29	 	
		
ARTICLE III THE DISTRIBUTION	  	 	31	 	
			
Section 3.01	 	Actions Prior to the Distribution	  	 	31	 	
Section 3.02	 	The Distribution	  	 	31	 	
Section 3.03	 	Fractional Shares; Unclaimed Shares	  	 	32	 	
Section 3.04	 	Sole Discretion of Merck	  	 	33	 	
Section 3.05	 	Conditions to the Distribution	  	 	33	 	
		
ARTICLE IV MUTUAL RELEASES; INDEMNIFICATION	  	 	34	 	
			
Section 4.01	 	Releases	  	 	34	 	
Section 4.02	 	Indemnification by Organon	  	 	37	 	
Section 4.03	 	Indemnification by Merck	  	 	37	 	
Section 4.04	 	Indemnification Obligations Net of Insurance Proceeds and Other Amounts	  	 	38	 	
Section 4.05	 	Procedures for Indemnification of Third Party Claims	  	 	39	 	
Section 4.06	 	Additional Matters	  	 	41	 	
Section 4.07	 	Right of Contribution	  	 	42	 	
Section 4.08	 	Covenant Not to Sue	  	 	43	 	
Section 4.09	 	Remedies Not Cumulative	  	 	43	 	
Section 4.10	 	Survival of Indemnities	  	 	43	 	
Section 4.11	 	Party Responsible for Indemnity Payment	  	 	43	 	
		
ARTICLE V CERTAIN OTHER MATTERS	  	 	43	 	
			
Section 5.01	 	No Right to Use Regulatory Information	  	 	43	 	
Section 5.02	 	Directors and Officers Insurance; Fiduciary Liability Insurance	  	 	44	 	
Section 5.03	 	Certain Other Insurance Matters	  	 	45	 	
 
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
(continued)

 	 	 	  	Page	 	
Section 5.04	 	Procedures Related to Certain Proceedings	  	 	47	 	
Section 5.05	 	Treatment of Payments for Tax Purposes	  	 	48	 	
Section 5.06	 	Post-Effective Time Conduct	  	 	48	 	
Section 5.07	 	Use of Retained Names and Marks	  	 	48	 	
		
ARTICLE VI EXCHANGE OF INFORMATION; CONFIDENTIALITY[; SECURITY]	  	 	49	 	
			
Section 6.01	 	Agreement for Exchange of Information; Archives	  	 	49	 	
Section 6.02	 	Ownership of Information	  	 	50	 	
Section 6.03	 	Stored Records	  	 	50	 	
Section 6.04	 	Limitations of Liability	  	 	51	 	
Section 6.05	 	Other Agreements Providing for Exchange of Information	  	 	51	 	
Section 6.06	 	Production of Witnesses; Records; Cooperation	  	 	51	 	
Section 6.07	 	Privileged Matters	  	 	52	 	
Section 6.08	 	Confidentiality	  	 	55	 	
Section 6.09	 	Protective Arrangements	  	 	55	 	
Section 6.10	 	Equitable Relief with respect to Disclosure of Confidential Information	  	 	56	 	
Section 6.11	 	[Security]	  	 	56	 	
		
ARTICLE VII TRANSITION MANAGEMENT OFFICE REPRESENTATIVES; GOVERNANCE	  	57	 	
			
Section 7.01	 	Transition Management Office Team	  	 	57	 	
Section 7.02	 	Transition Management Office Lead	  	 	57	 	
		
ARTICLE VIII DISPUTE RESOLUTION	  	 	57	 	
			
Section 8.01	 	Disputes	  	 	57	 	
Section 8.02	 	Negotiation and Mediation	  	 	58	 	
Section 8.03	 	Arbitration	  	 	58	 	
Section 8.04	 	Interim Relief	  	 	59	 	
Section 8.05	 	Remedies	  	 	59	 	
Section 8.06	 	Expenses	  	 	59	 	
Section 8.07	 	Continuation of Services and Commitments	  	 	59	 	
		
ARTICLE IX TERMINATION	  	 	60	 	
			
Section 9.01	 	Termination	  	 	60	 	
		
ARTICLE X MISCELLANEOUS	  	 	60	 	
			
Section 10.01	 	Counterparts; Entire Agreement; Corporate Power; Facsimile or Electronic Signatures	  	 	60	 	
Section 10.02	 	Governing Law	  	 	62	 	
Section 10.03	 	Assignability	  	 	62	 	
Section 10.04	 	Third Party Beneficiaries	  	 	62	 	
Section 10.05	 	Notices	  	 	62	 	
Section 10.06	 	Severability	  	 	63	 	
Section 10.07	 	Force Majeure	  	 	63	 	
 
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
(continued)

 	 	 	  	Page	 	
Section 10.08	 	No Set Off	  	 	64	 	
Section 10.09	 	Responsibility for Expenses	  	 	64	 	
Section 10.10	 	Headings	  	 	64	 	
Section 10.11	 	Survival of Covenants	  	 	64	 	
Section 10.12	 	Subsidiaries and Employees	  	 	64	 	
Section 10.13	 	Waivers	  	 	65	 	
Section 10.14	 	Amendments	  	 	65	 	
Section 10.15	 	Interpretation	  	 	65	 	
Section 10.16	 	Public Announcements	  	 	65	 	
Section 10.17	 	Specific Performance	  	 	66	 	
Section 10.18	 	Mutual Drafting	  	 	66	 	

Exhibits	  		
		
Exhibit A	  	Form of Amended and Restated Bylaws of Organon	
		
Exhibit B	  	Form of Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation of Organon	
		
Exhibit C	  	Plan of Reorganization	
 
iii

SEPARATION AND DISTRIBUTION AGREEMENT
This SEPARATION AND DISTRIBUTION AGREEMENT, dated as of June     , 2021, is by and between Merck & Co., Inc., a New Jersey corporation (“Merck”), and Organon & Co., a Delaware corporation (“Organon”) (each a “Party” and together, the “Parties”).
R E C I T A L S:
WHEREAS, the board of directors of Merck has determined that it is advisable and in the best interests of Merck to: (i) separate the Organon Business (as defined herein) from the Merck Business (as defined herein) (the “Separation”); and (ii) in connection with the Separation, make a distribution, on a pro rata basis, to holders of the outstanding shares of common stock of Merck, par value $0.50 per share (the “Merck Common Shares”), on the Record Date (as defined herein) of all of the outstanding shares of common stock, par value $0.01 per share, of Organon (the “Organon Common Stock”) (the “Distribution”);
WHEREAS, the Distribution is motivated by the reasons for the separation described in the Registration Statement;
WHEREAS, the board of directors of Merck intends for the Separation to be effected in accordance with, among other transactions, the transactions set forth in Schedule 1.01;
WHEREAS, the Distribution will be preceded by, among other things, (a) the Separation, pursuant to which, among other things, Merck will contribute the Organon Business assets to Organon prior to the Distribution (the “Contribution”), (b) the entry by Organon and its Affiliates into the Financing Arrangements, and the (c) Closing Date Repayment;
WHEREAS, for United States federal and state income tax purposes, it is intended that (i) the Contribution and the Distribution, taken together, will qualify as a “reorganization” within the meaning of Section 368(a)(1)(D) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Code”), and (ii) the Distribution will qualify as a tax-free transaction under Section 355(a) of the Code (in each case, qualifying for such treatment under the corresponding provisions of state law);
WHEREAS, this Agreement, together with certain Transaction Documents entered into between the Parties and other documents implementing the Contribution and Distribution, is intended to be implemented pursuant to a “plan of reorganization” within the meaning of Treas. Reg. Section 1.368-2(g), as set forth in the Plan of Reorganization (as defined herein); and
WHEREAS, each of Merck and Organon has determined that it is necessary and advisable to set forth the principal transactions required to effect the Separation and the Distribution and to describe other agreements that shall govern certain other matters prior to and following the Separation and the Distribution.

NOW, THEREFORE, in consideration of the mutual agreements, provisions and covenants contained in this Agreement (as defined herein), the Parties hereby agree as follows:
ARTICLE I
DEFINITIONS
Section 1.01    Definitions. Reference is made to Section 10.15 regarding the interpretation of certain words and phrases used in this Agreement. In addition, for the purpose of this Agreement, the following terms shall have the meanings set forth below.
“Affiliate” (including, with a correlative meaning, “affiliated”) means, when used with respect to a specified Person, a Person that directly or indirectly, through one or more intermediaries, controls, is controlled by or is under common control with such specified Person. For the purpose of this definition, “control” (including with correlative meanings, “controlled by” and “under common control with”), when used with respect to any specified Person shall mean the possession, directly or indirectly, of the power to direct or cause the direction of the management and policies of such Person, whether through the ownership of voting securities or otherwise. The Parties agree that for purposes of this Agreement and the Transaction Documents, neither Organon nor any of the Organon Subsidiaries shall be deemed to be an Affiliate of Merck or any of the Merck Subsidiaries, and neither Merck nor any of the Merck Subsidiaries shall be deemed to be an Affiliate of Organon or any of the Organon Subsidiaries.
“Agent” means Equiniti Trust Company, or such other trust company or bank duly appointed to act as distribution agent, transfer agent and registrar for the Organon Common Stock in connection with the Distribution.
“Agreement” means this Separation and Distribution Agreement and each of the Schedules and Exhibits hereto.
“Assets” means, with respect to any Person, the assets, rights, interests, claims and properties of all kinds, real and personal, tangible, intangible and contingent, wherever located (including in the possession of suppliers, distributors, other Third Parties or elsewhere), of such Person, including rights and benefits pursuant to any contract, license, permit, indenture, note, bond, mortgage, agreement, concession, franchise, instrument, undertaking, commitment, understanding or other arrangement and any rights or benefits pursuant to any Proceeding.
“Business Entity” means any corporation, general or limited partnership, trust, joint venture, unincorporated organization, limited liability entity or other entity.
“Bylaws” means the Amended and Restated Bylaws of Organon, substantially in the form of Exhibit A.
“Certificate of Incorporation” means the Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation of Organon, substantially in the form of Exhibit B.
“Closing Date Repayment” has the meaning set forth in Section 2.08(b).
“Commission” means the United States Securities and Exchange Commission.
“Confidential Information” means all confidential information and data relating to a Party (including information regarding such Party’s and its Affiliates’ business, employees,
 
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development plans, programs, documentation, techniques, trade secrets, systems, and know-how) disclosed or provided by or on behalf of such Party to the other Party pursuant to, or in connection with, this Agreement or any Transaction Document. “Confidential Information” does not include any information or data: (i) rightfully previously known by a Party hereto, or acquired from a Third Party without a continuing restriction on use (for clarity, excluding any such information or data possessed by Merck (or its Affiliate) prior to the Separation and assigned to Organon as part of the Separation, which shall be considered Confidential Information of Organon for purposes of this clause (i), as applicable); (ii) which is or becomes publicly known without breach of this Agreement; or (iii) which is independently developed without violating any obligations under this Agreement and without reference to the Confidential Information of the other Party. Any combination of features or disclosures shall not be deemed to fall within the foregoing exclusions merely because individual features are published or available to the general public or in the rightful possession of the receiving Party unless the combination itself and principle of operation are published or available to the general public or in the rightful possession of the receiving Party.
“Consents” means any consents, waivers or approvals from, or notification requirements to, any Third Parties.
“Contribution” has the meaning set forth in the Recitals.
“Controlling Party” has the meaning set forth in Section 5.04(b).
“Conveyance and Assumption Instruments” means, collectively, such deeds, bills of sale, asset transfer agreements, business transfer agreements, demerger plans, deeds or agreements, endorsements, assignments, assumptions (including Liability assumption agreements), leases, subleases, affidavits and other instruments of sale, conveyance, contribution, distribution, lease, transfer and assignment between Merck or, where applicable, a Merck Subsidiary or designee of Merck, on the one hand, and Organon or, where applicable, an Organon Subsidiary, on the other hand, as may be necessary or advisable under the Laws of the relevant jurisdictions to effect the Separation.
“CPR” has the meaning set forth in Section 8.02.
“Custodial Party” has the meaning set forth in Section 6.03(a).
“Data Sharing Agreement” means the Data Sharing Agreement to be entered into by and between Merck and Organon in connection with the Separation, the Distribution or the other transactions contemplated by this Agreement.
“Deferred Market” has the meaning set forth in Section 2.03(a).
“Deferred Market Agreement” means the agreements set forth on Schedule 1.01(p) with respect to the Deferred Markets that have been or are being entered into by and between Merck and Organon or their respective Subsidiaries in connection with the Separation, the Distribution or the other transactions contemplated by this Agreement.
“Deferred Organon Local Business” has the meaning set forth in Section 2.03(a).
 
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“Delayed Merck Asset” has the meaning set forth in Section 2.05(a).
“Delayed Merck Liability” has the meaning set forth in Section 2.05(a).
“Delayed Organon Asset” has the meaning set forth in Section 2.04(a).
“Delayed Organon Liability” has the meaning set forth in Section 2.04(a).
“Dispute” has the meaning set forth in Section 8.01.
“Distribution” has the meaning set forth in the Recitals.
“Distribution Date” means the date of the consummation of the Distribution, which shall be determined by the board of directors of Merck in its sole discretion.
“Distribution Ratio” has the meaning set forth in Section 3.02(c).
“Effective Time” means 12:01 a.m. Eastern Time on the Distribution Date, which shall, for the avoidance of doubt, be after such time that the Registration Statement is declared effective by the Commission.
“Employee Matters Agreement” means the Employee Matters Agreement to be entered into by and between Merck and Organon in connection with the Separation, the Distribution or the other transactions contemplated by this Agreement.
“Employment Tax” means withholding, payroll, social security, workers compensation, unemployment, disability and any similar tax imposed by any Tax Authority, and any interest, penalties, additions to tax or additional amounts with respect to the foregoing imposed on any taxpayer or consolidated, combined or unitary group of taxpayers.
“Exchange Act” means the United States Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, together with the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder.
“Financing Arrangements” means the financing arrangements and agreements to be entered into prior to the Effective Time pursuant to which Organon and its subsidiaries will issue, assume or guarantee secured and unsecured notes, and enter into and borrow under, or guarantee, secured credit facilities.
“Force Majeure” means, with respect to a Party, any changes in Law, acts of God, acts of civil or military authority, embargoes, epidemics, pandemics, governmental shutdowns, war, riots, insurrections or earthquakes.
“Governmental Authority” means any supranational, international, national, federal, state, provincial or local court, government, department, commission, board, bureau, agency, official or other regulatory, administrative or governmental authority, including the NYSE and any similar self-regulatory body under applicable securities Laws.
“Indemnifying Party” has the meaning set forth in Section 4.04(a).
 
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“Indemnitee” means an Organon Indemnitee or a Merck Indemnitee, as appropriate.
“Indemnity Payment” has the meaning set forth in Section 4.04(a).
“Information” means information in written, oral, electronic or other tangible or intangible forms, including studies, reports, records, books, subledgers, instruments, surveys, specifications, drawings, blueprints, diagrams, models, prototypes, samples, flow charts, marketing plans, customer names, Privileged Information, and other technical, financial, employee or business information or data, including cost information, sales and pricing data, customer prospect lists, supplier records, customer and supplier lists, customer and vendor data, correspondence and lists, product data and literature, artwork, design, and quality records and reports; provided that “Information” does not include Intellectual Property.
“Information Statement” means the information statement forming a part of the Registration Statement as the same may be amended or supplemented from time to time prior to the Effective Time.
“Insurance Proceeds” means, with respect to any insured party, those monies, net of any applicable premium adjustments (including reserves and retrospectively rated premium adjustments) and net of any costs or expenses incurred in the collection thereof, which are: (i) received by an insured from an insurance carrier or its estate; or (ii) paid by an insurance carrier or its estate on behalf of the insured.
“Intellectual Property” means all intellectual property, whether registered or unregistered, of every kind and description throughout the world, including all United States and non-United States: (i) Trademarks; (ii) Patents; (iii) copyrights and copyrightable subject matter, excluding Know-How (“Copyrights”); (iv) rights in software; (v) trade secrets, and all other confidential or proprietary information, know-how, clinical data, non-clinical data, pre-clinical data, in-vitro data, inventions, processes, formulae and methodologies, excluding Patents (collectively, “Know-How”); (vi) all applications and registrations for the foregoing; and (vii) all rights and remedies against past, present, and future infringement, misappropriation, or other violation thereof.
“IOM Market” has the meaning set forth in Section 2.03(a).
“Interim Operating Agreement” means the agreements with respect to the IOM Markets set forth on Schedule 1.01(p) that have been or are being entered into by and between Merck and Organon or their respective Subsidiaries in connection with the Separation, the Distribution or the other transactions contemplated by this Agreement.
“IP License Agreements” means the license agreements listed on Schedule 1.01(a) that have been or are being entered into by and between Merck and Organon or their respective Subsidiaries in connection with the Separation, the Distribution or the other transactions contemplated by this Agreement.
“JDA” means the Common Interest and Joint Defense Agreement between the Parties entered into in connection with the Separation.
 
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“Law” means any supranational, international, national, federal, state, provincial, local or similar law (including common law), statute, code, order, ordinance, rule, regulation, treaty (including any Tax treaty), license, permit, authorization, approval, Consent, decree, injunction, binding judicial or administrative interpretation or other requirement, in each case enacted, promulgated, issued or entered by a Governmental Authority.
“Liabilities” means all debts, liabilities, obligations, responsibilities, response actions, losses, damages (whether compensatory, punitive, consequential, incidental, treble or other), fines, penalties and sanctions, absolute or contingent, matured or unmatured, liquidated or unliquidated, foreseen or unforeseen, joint, several or individual, asserted or unasserted, accrued or unaccrued, known or unknown, whenever arising, including those arising under or in connection with any Law or other pronouncements of Governmental Authorities having the effect of Law, Proceeding, threatened Proceeding, order or consent decree of any Governmental Authority or any award of any arbitration tribunal, and those arising under any contract, guarantee, commitment or undertaking, whether sought to be imposed by a Governmental Authority, private party, or Party, whether based in contract, tort, implied or express warranty, strict liability, criminal or civil statute, or otherwise, and including any costs, expenses, interest, attorneys’ fees, disbursements and expenses of counsel, expert and consulting fees and costs related thereto or to the investigation or defense thereof.
“Local Closing” means, as applicable, (i) with respect to a Deferred Market, the later of the consummation of the separation of any Deferred Organon Local Business in a Deferred Market and the transfer of the shares of the relevant Deferred Market entity to the Organon Group and (ii) with respect to an IOM Market, the termination of the operation by Merck of any activities of the Organon Business in the relevant IOM Market.
“Local Closing Date” means, for each Deferred Market or IOM Market, the date of the applicable Local Closing.
“Marketing Authorization” means all approvals from the relevant Governmental Authority necessary to market and sell a product in any country or group of countries.
“Merck” has the meaning set forth in the Preamble.
“Merck Accounts” has the meaning set forth in Section 2.10(b).
“Merck Assets” means all Assets of the Parties or their respective Subsidiaries as of the Effective Time, other than the Organon Assets. For the avoidance of doubt, the Merck Assets include those Assets described on Schedule 1.01(b).
“Merck Business” means all businesses, operations and activities (whether or not such businesses, operations or activities are or have been terminated, divested or discontinued) conducted at any time prior to the Effective Time by either Party or its Subsidiaries, other than the Organon Business.
“Merck Common Shares” has the meaning set forth in the Recitals.
 
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“Merck Indemnitees” means (i) Merck and each Merck Subsidiary; (ii) each of the respective past, present and future directors, officers, employees or agents of the entities described in (i) above, in each case in their respective capacities as such; and (iii) each of the heirs, executors, administrators, successors and assigns of any of the foregoing.
“Merck Liabilities” means (i) the Liabilities relating to, arising out of or resulting from actions, inactions, events, omissions, conditions, facts or circumstances occurring or existing prior to the Effective Time (whether or not such Liabilities cease being contingent, mature, become known, are asserted or foreseen, or accrue, in each case before, at or after the Effective Time) of the Merck Business, Merck or the Merck Subsidiaries and, prior to the Effective Time, the Organon Business, Organon or the Organon Subsidiaries, in each case that are not Organon Liabilities, Liabilities indemnifiable by Organon pursuant to Section 4.02 or Tax-related Liabilities that shall be governed under the Tax Matters Agreement; and (ii) each of the ongoing Proceedings and obligations set forth on Schedule 1.01(c) (the “Merck Proceedings”) and the portion of each Shared Existing Proceeding allocable to Merck and the Merck Subsidiaries.
“Merck Licensed Names” means “Licensed Name Companies” and “Licensed Corporate Trademarks” as each term is defined in the Interim Corporate Trademark License Agreement (Merck to Organon) between the Parties.
“Merck Products” means all products of the Parties or their respective Subsidiaries as of the Effective Time, other than the Organon Products.
“Merck Subsidiary” means any Business Entity that is a Subsidiary of Merck prior to, at or after the Effective Time (other than Organon or an Organon Subsidiary).
“Mixed Contract” means any contract or agreement to which either Party or any of its respective Subsidiaries and one or more Third Parties are a party as of immediately prior to the Effective Time that inures to the benefit or burden of both the Merck Business and the Organon Business, but in any case excluding those contracts or agreements that are intended (as determined by Merck in its sole discretion) to solely be used for the benefit or burden of the Merck Business following the Separation (including, for example, employment agreements with continuing employees of the Merck Business and enterprise-wide contracts for the benefit of Merck and its Subsidiaries prior to the Separation that do not relate specifically to the Organon Business).
“Non-Controlling Party” has the meaning set forth in Section 5.04(b).
“Non-Custodial Party” has the meaning set forth in Section 6.03(a).
“NYSE” means the New York Stock Exchange.
“Organon” has the meaning set forth in the Preamble.
“Organon Accounts” has the meaning set forth in Section 2.10(b).
 
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“Organon Assets” means the following Assets:
 
 	(i)	all of the assets and issued and outstanding capital stock or other equity interests of each Organon Subsidiary, including each Transferred Entity;	
 
 	(ii)	subject to the exceptions described on Schedule 1.01(d), the Assets of either Party or any of its Subsidiaries included or reflected on the Organon Pro Forma Balance Sheet or any notes or subledgers thereto, and any such Assets as of the Effective Time that would have been included on such Organon Pro Forma Balance Sheet or any notes or subledgers thereto had such Assets existed on the date thereof, it being understood that (x) the Organon Pro Forma Balance Sheet and the notes and subledgers thereto shall be used to determine the types of, and methodologies used to determine, those Assets that are included in the definition of Organon Assets pursuant to this clause (ii); and (y) the amounts set forth on the Organon Pro Forma Balance Sheet with respect to any Assets shall not be treated as minimum or maximum amounts or limitations on the amount of such Assets that are included in the definition of Organon Assets pursuant to this clause (ii);	
 
 	(iii)	the Assets expressly allocated to Organon or an Organon Subsidiary (including any Transferred Entity) pursuant to this Agreement or any Transaction Document;	
 
 	(iv)	all rights, interests and claims of either Party or any of its Subsidiaries as of the Effective Time to the Organon Products, including all rights, interests and claims of either Party or any of its Subsidiaries as of the Effective Time to all reports and analyses, product and marketing registrations and applications (which shall include all United States Food and Drug Administration and other regulatory drug approvals and licenses specifically related to, and all related applications and other information submitted for the purposes of or prepared in connection with obtaining an approval for, an Organon Product) to the extent specifically related to the Organon Products[, except as otherwise set forth on Schedule [                    ]]; provided that, if the Assets to be transferred pursuant to this paragraph conflict with or expand the transfer of Organon Intellectual Property pursuant to clause (vi) of this definition, then clause (vi) and the definition of Organon Intellectual Property shall prevail;	
 
 	(v)	all rights, interests and claims of either Party or any of its Subsidiaries as of the Effective Time under the Organon Contracts; provided that if there is deemed to be any inconsistency between this clause (v) and Section 2.12(a), then Section 2.12(a) shall control;	
 
 	(vi)	all rights, interests and claims of either Party or any of its Subsidiaries as of the Effective Time to any Organon Intellectual Property;	
 
 	(vii)	except as otherwise set forth on Schedule 1.01(e), all other rights, interests and claims of either Party or any of their Subsidiaries as of the Effective Time with respect to Information to the extent specifically related to the Organon Assets, the Organon Liabilities, the Organon Business or the Transferred Entities and, subject to the provisions of the applicable Transaction Documents; provided that, if the Information to be transferred pursuant to this paragraph conflicts with or expands the transfer of Organon Intellectual Property pursuant to clause (vi) of this definition, then clause (vi) and the definition of Organon Intellectual Property shall prevail;	
 
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 	(viii)	without limiting the rights of any Party in any Transaction Document (including a sublease), all rights, interests and claims of either Party or any of its Subsidiaries as of the Effective Time to the facilities and other real property, including owned and leased real property to be occupied by Organon following the Effective Date pursuant to the Transaction Documents, including the facilities listed on Schedule 1.01(f) (the “Organon Facilities”);	
 
 	(ix)	subject to the provisions of any applicable sublease, all tangible equipment (including information technology, equipment and machinery), infrastructure, wires, supplies and other tangible property that is owned by, leased to or licensed to Merck or any of its Subsidiaries immediately prior to the Effective Time located at any Organon Facility listed on Schedule 1.01(f) under the heading “Owned Manufacturing Sites” or that are otherwise specifically related to the Organon Business;	
 
 	(x)	the Assets of either Party or any of its Subsidiaries as of the Effective Time on Schedule 1.01(g); and	
 
 	(xi)	any and all other Assets that were inadvertently omitted or assigned that, had the Parties given specific consideration to such Assets as of the date of this Agreement, would have otherwise been classified as Organon Assets based on the principles set forth in this definition of Organon Assets; provided, that no Asset shall be an Organon Asset solely as a result of this clause (xi) unless the Parties mutually agree in writing on the inclusion of such Asset after the date of this Agreement.	
“Organon Business” means (i) the business of developing, commercializing, distributing and selling the Organon Products in the Territory, (ii) the manufacturing of the Organon Products and (iii) the co-manufacturing activities and all ancillary and related operations occurring at the Organon Facilities.
“Organon Common Stock” has the meaning set forth in the Recitals.
“Organon Contracts” means the following contracts, agreements, arrangements, commitments or understandings to which either Party or any of its Subsidiaries is a party or by which it or its Assets is bound, whether or not in writing, in each case, prior to the Effective Time, except to the extent otherwise described in Schedule 1.01(h):
 
 	(i)	any contract, agreement, arrangement, commitment or understanding specifically related to the Organon Business;	
 
 	(ii)	any contract, agreement, arrangement, commitment or understanding or portion thereof that is an Organon Liability;	
 
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 	(iii)	any employment, change of control, retention, consulting, indemnification, termination, severance or other similar agreements with any employee or consultant of Organon or an Organon Subsidiary; and	
 
 	(iv)	any other contract, agreement, arrangement, commitment or understanding or portion thereof that is otherwise expressly contemplated pursuant to this Agreement or any Transaction Document to be assigned to Organon or an Organon Subsidiary; provided, however, that (A) such contracts, agreements, arrangements, commitments or understandings or portions thereof that are contemplated to be retained by Merck or a Merck Subsidiary pursuant to any provision of this Agreement or any Transaction Document shall not be Organon Contracts; (B) such contracts, agreements, arrangements, commitments or understandings or portions thereof that relate to debt instruments, insurance arrangements, or employee benefit plans or programs shall be Organon Contracts only to the extent expressly provided for under the terms of this Agreement or any Transaction Document; and (C) the rights and obligations of Merck and the Merck Subsidiaries under this Agreement and the Transaction Documents shall not be Organon Contracts.	
“Organon Indemnitees” means (i) Organon and each Organon Subsidiary; (ii) each of the respective past, present and future directors, officers, employees or agents of the entities described in (i) above, in each case in their respective capacities as such; and (iii) each of the heirs, executors, administrators, successors and assigns of any of the foregoing.
“Organon Intellectual Property” means (i) the Intellectual Property transferred to Organon and its Affiliates pursuant to the Conveyance and Assumption Instruments; (ii) the Trademarks listed on Schedule 1.01(i); (iii) the Patents listed on Schedule 1.01(j); (iv) Copyrights specifically related to the Organon Business; (v) primary internet domain names listed on Schedule 1.01(k), along with associated country internet domains and extensions; Know-How specifically related to the Organon Business; and (vi) other Intellectual Property specifically related to the Organon Business; provided that in no event shall any Intellectual Property that is licensed to Organon or any of its Affiliates pursuant to an IP License Agreement be included in the definition of Organon Intellectual Property.
“Organon Liabilities” means all of the following Liabilities of either Party or any of its Subsidiaries:
 
 	(i)	subject to the exceptions described on Schedule 1.01(l), the Liabilities of either Party or any of its Subsidiaries included or reflected on the Organon Pro Forma Balance Sheet or any notes or subledgers thereto, and any such Liabilities as of the Effective Time that would have been included on such Organon Pro Forma Balance Sheet or any notes or subledgers thereto had such Liabilities existed on the date thereof, it being understood that (x) the Organon Pro Forma Balance Sheet and the notes and subledgers thereto shall be used to determine the types of, and methodologies used to determine, those Liabilities that are included in the definition of Organon Liabilities pursuant to this clause (i); and (y) the amounts set forth on the Organon Pro Forma Balance Sheet with respect to any Liabilities shall not be treated as minimum or maximum amounts or limitations on the amount of such Liabilities that are included in the definition of Organon Liabilities pursuant to this clause (i);	
 
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 	(ii)	except as otherwise set forth herein, all Liabilities relating to, arising out of or resulting from actions, inactions, events, omissions, conditions, facts or circumstances occurring or existing prior to, on or after the Effective Time (whether or not such Liabilities cease being contingent, mature, become known, are asserted or foreseen, or accrue, in each case before, at or after the Effective Time), in each case to the extent that such Liabilities relate to, arise out of or result from the Organon Business or an Organon Asset;	
 
 	(iii)	all Liabilities for claims made by Third Parties, or the directors, officers, employees, agents of Merck, Organon or their respective Subsidiaries or Affiliates against either Party or any of its Subsidiaries to the extent relating to, arising out of or resulting from the Organon Business or the Organon Assets;	
 
 	(iv)	all Liabilities expressly allocated to Organon or an Organon Subsidiary pursuant to this Agreement or any Transaction Document, and the obligations of Organon or an Organon Subsidiary under such agreements, excluding Tax-related Liabilities that shall be governed under the Tax Matters Agreement;	
 
 	(v)	all Liabilities relating to, arising out of or resulting from (A) the Financing Arrangements, (B) any other indebtedness of Organon or any Organon Subsidiary (whether incurred prior to, on or after the Effective Time) or (C) guarantees and obligations of the obligor under letters of credit issued in connection with the Organon Business;	
 
 	(vi)	all Liabilities assumed by Organon or an Organon Subsidiary from a Third Party after the Effective Time (whether or not such Liabilities initially arose or accrued before the Effective Time);	
 
 	(vii)	except as expressly set forth in another Transaction Document, all Liabilities relating to, arising out of, or resulting from the operation or conduct of any business conducted by Organon or an Organon Subsidiary at any time after the Effective Time;	
 
 	(viii)	except as expressly set forth in another Transaction Document, any and all Liabilities to the extent relating to, arising out of or resulting from any Organon Asset, whether arising before, on or after the Effective Time;	
 
 	(ix)	except as expressly set forth in another Transaction Document, any and all Liabilities to the extent relating to, arising out of or resulting from the Organon Business or the manufacture, marketing, co-branding, co-promotion, promotion, distribution or sale of Organon Products, in each case, whether arising before, on or after the Effective Time by either Party or any of its Subsidiaries;	
 
 	(x)	all Liabilities relating to, arising out of, or resulting from any untrue statement or alleged untrue statement of a material fact or omission or alleged omission to state	
 
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 	a material fact required to be stated therein or necessary to make the statements therein not misleading, with respect to all information contained in the Registration Statement, the Information Statement (other than the matters described Section 4.03(e)) or any other form, statement, schedule or other material filed with or furnished to (A) the Commission, (B) any other Governmental Authority or (C) holders of any securities of Organon or any Organon Subsidiary in connection with the registration, sale or distribution of securities or disclosure related thereto (including periodic disclosure obligations);	
 
 	(xi)	each of the ongoing Proceedings primarily related to the Organon Business, including the matters set forth on Schedule 1.01(m) (the “Organon Proceedings”), and the portion of each Shared Existing Proceeding allocable to Organon and the Transferred Entities;	
 
 	(xii)	subject to clause (xi) of this definition and any additional Liabilities or limitations related to Proceedings set forth on Schedule 5.04, the Liabilities relating to, arising out of, or resulting from Proceedings to the extent such Proceedings relate to, arise out of, or result from the Organon Business, the Organon Assets, or the other Organon Liabilities; and	
 
 	(xiii)	all other Liabilities set forth on Schedule 1.01(n).	
“Organon Products” means the products set forth on Schedule 1.01(o).
“Organon Pro Forma Balance Sheet” means the pro forma combined balance sheet of Organon and the Organon Subsidiaries, including any notes or subledgers thereto, as of December 31, 2020, as presented in the Information Statement.
“Organon Subsidiary” means any Business Entity that is a Subsidiary of Organon at or after the Effective Time (other than Merck or a Merck Subsidiary), including the Transferred Entities.
“Party” or “Parties” has the meaning set forth in the Preamble.
“Patents” means: (i) all national, regional and international patents and patent applications, including provisional patent applications, whether pending, enforced, abandoned or expired; (ii) all patent applications filed either from the patents, patent applications or provisional applications in clause (i) or from an application claiming priority from any of these, including divisionals, continuations, continuations-in-part, converted provisionals, and continued prosecution applications; (iii) all patents that have issued or in the future issue from the foregoing patent applications specified in clauses (i) and (ii), including utility models, petty patents, design patents and certificates of invention; and (iv) all patent term extensions or restorations by existing or future extension or restoration mechanisms, including any supplementary protection certificates and the like, as well as any revalidations, reissues, re-examinations, oppositions and the like of the foregoing patents or patent applications specified in clauses (i), (ii) and (iii).
“Person” means any (i) individual, (ii) Business Entity or (iii) Governmental Authority, and including any successor or permitted assignee, by merger or otherwise, of any of the foregoing.
 
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“Pharmacovigilance Agreements” means the Pharmacovigilance Agreement for Merck Products and the Pharmacovigilance Agreement for Organon Products to be entered into by and between Merck and Organon or their respective Subsidiaries in connection with the Separation, the Distribution or the other transactions contemplated by this Agreement.
“Plan of Reorganization” means the Plan of Reorganization, attached as Exhibit C, entered into by Merck and Organon in connection with the Contribution and the Distribution.
“Privileged Information” means any information, in written, oral, electronic or other tangible or intangible forms, including any communications by or to attorneys (including attorney-client privileged communications), memoranda and other materials prepared by attorneys or under their direction (including attorney work product), as to which a Party or its respective Subsidiaries would be entitled to assert or have asserted a privilege, including the attorney-client and attorney work product privileges and any other rights, privileges, immunities or protections that may apply in any applicable jurisdiction.
“Proceeding” means any past, present or future suit, countersuit, action, alternative dispute resolution process, claim, counterclaim, demand, hearing, inquiry, investigation or proceeding before a judicial, quasi-judicial, tribunal, arbitration or mediation body, or by or before a Governmental Authority, in each case involving Merck, a Merck Subsidiary, a Merck Indemnitee (but only if in a capacity entitling such Person to the rights of a Merck Indemnitee), Organon, an Organon Subsidiary, or an Organon Indemnitee (but only if in a capacity entitling such Person to the rights of an Organon Indemnitee), in each case other than any such matter solely between Merck or any Merck Subsidiaries, on the one hand, and Organon or any Organon Subsidiaries, on the other hand, arising with respect to a controversy, dispute or claim under this Agreement or any Transaction Document.
“Record Date” means the close of business on the date to be determined by the Merck board of directors as the record date for determining holders of Merck Common Shares entitled to participate in the Distribution.
“Record Holders” means the holders of record of Merck Common Shares as of the Record Date.
“Records Facility” has the meaning set forth in Section 6.03(a).
“Registration Statement” means the registration statement on Form 10 filed under the Exchange Act on May [    ], 2021, pursuant to which the Organon Common Stock to be distributed in the Distribution has been registered, together with all amendments and supplements thereto.
“Regulatory Agreements” means the Regulatory Agreement for Organon Products and the Regulatory Agreement for Merck Products to be entered into by and between Merck and Organon or their respective Subsidiaries in connection with the Separation, the Distribution or the other transactions contemplated by this Agreement.
“Representatives” has the meaning set forth in Section 6.08(a).
“Retained Names and Marks” has the meaning set forth in Section 5.07.
 
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“Security Interest” means any mortgage, security interest, pledge, lien, charge, claim, option, right to acquire, voting or other restriction, right-of-way, covenant, condition, easement, encroachment, restriction on transfer, or other encumbrance of any nature whatsoever.
“Security Regulations” has the meaning set forth in Section 6.11(a).
“Separation” has the meaning set forth in the Recitals.
“Shared Existing Proceeding” has the meaning set forth in Section 5.04(b).
“STAIRS Plan” means the plan, as mutually agreed by Organon and Merck (or their respective Affiliates, as applicable), that details the transfer of Marketing Authorizations, the name change of the holder of the Marketing Authorizations, site name changes, legal entity name and address changes, and artwork changes in connection with the Separation.
“Stored Records” has the meaning set forth in Section 6.03(a).
“Subsidiary” or “subsidiary” shall mean, with respect to any Person, any Business Entity of which such Person: (i) beneficially owns, either directly or indirectly, more than fifty percent (50%) of (A) the total combined voting power of all classes of voting securities of such Business Entity; (B) the total combined equity interests; or (C) the capital or profit interests, in the case of a partnership; or (ii) otherwise has the power to vote, either directly or indirectly, sufficient securities to elect a majority of the board of directors or similar governing body.
“Systems” has the meaning set forth in Section 6.11(a).
“Tangible Information” means Information that is contained in written, electronic or other tangible forms.
“Tax” means: (i) any income, net income, gross income, gross receipts, profits, capital stock, franchise, property, ad valorem, stamp, excise, severance, occupation, service, sales, use, license, lease, transfer, import, export, customs duties, value added, alternative minimum, estimated or other similar tax (including any fee, assessment, or other charge in the nature of or in lieu of any tax) imposed by any Tax Authority, and any interest, penalties, additions to tax or additional amounts with respect to the foregoing imposed on any taxpayer or consolidated, combined or unitary group of taxpayers, and including any liability of either Party and its respective Affiliates for payment of any amounts described in the foregoing as a result of any express or implied obligation to indemnify any other Person; and (ii) any Employment Tax.
“Tax Authority” means, with respect to any Tax, the Governmental Authority or political subdivision thereof that imposes such Tax, and the agency (if any) charged with the collection of such Tax for such Governmental Authority or subdivision.
“Tax Matters Agreement” means the Tax Matters Agreement to be entered into by and between Merck and Organon in connection with the Separation, the Distribution or the other transactions contemplated by this Agreement.
 
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“Territory” means all countries of the world, and their respective territories and possessions, but excluding Venezuela.
“Third Party” means any Person other than the Parties or any of their respective Subsidiaries.
“Third Party Claim” has the meaning set forth in Section 4.05(a).
“TMO Lead” has the meaning set forth in Section 7.02(a).
“TMO Team” has the meaning set forth in Section 7.01.
“Trademarks” means all trademarks, trade names, brand names, domain names, service marks, trade dress, logos and all other source indicators, including all goodwill associated therewith and all applications, registrations and renewals in connection therewith.
“Transaction Documents” means all agreements entered into by the Parties or their Subsidiaries (but as to which no Third Party is a party) in connection with the Separation, the Distribution or the other transactions contemplated by this Agreement, including the agreements set forth on Schedule 1.01(p), which shall include, without limitation, the Conveyance and Assumption Instruments, the Data Sharing Agreement, the Employee Matters Agreement, the IP License Agreements, the Manufacturing Governance Agreement, the Pharmacovigilance Agreements, the Regulatory Agreements, the Tax Matters Agreement and the Transition Services Agreements.
“Transferred Entities” means the entities set forth on Schedule 1.01(q) (including such entities as they may subsequently renamed, and including such entities’ successors and assigns).
“Transition Services Agreements” means the Merck to Organon Transition Services Agreement and the Organon to Merck Transition Services Agreement to be entered into by and between Merck and Organon or their respective Subsidiaries in connection with the Separation, the Distribution or the other transactions contemplated by this Agreement.
ARTICLE II
THE SEPARATION
Section 2.01    Governance and Listing of Organon.
(a)    Adoption of Organon’s Charter and Bylaws. On or prior to the Distribution Date, Merck and Organon shall take all necessary actions so that, as of the Effective Time, the Certificate of Incorporation and the Bylaws shall be the certificate of incorporation and bylaws of Organon.
(b)    Organon’s Directors and Officers. On or prior to the Distribution Date, Merck and Organon shall take all necessary actions so that as of the Effective Time: (i) the directors and executive officers of Organon shall be those set forth in the Information Statement mailed to the Record Holders prior to the Effective Time, unless otherwise agreed by the Parties; and (ii) Organon shall have such other officers as Organon shall appoint, in each case until their respective successors are elected and qualified, or until their earlier resignation or removal.
 
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(c)    NYSE Listing. Organon shall prepare and file, and shall use commercially reasonable efforts to have approved prior to the Effective Time, an application for the listing of the Organon Common Stock to be distributed in the Distribution and the shares of Organon Common Stock to be reserved for issuance pursuant to any director or employee benefit plan or arrangement on the NYSE (and such other stock exchanges as may be necessary or desirable), subject to official notice of distribution.
Section 2.02    The Separation. The Parties acknowledge and agree that the Separation is intended to result in Organon owning the Organon Assets and assuming the Organon Liabilities as set forth below in this Article II and in the applicable Transaction Documents. Subject to Sections 2.03, 2.04 and 2.05, on or prior to the Distribution Date, in accordance with the plan of Separation for Organon:
(a)    Transfer and Assignment of Organon Assets. Merck shall, and shall cause the applicable Merck Subsidiaries to, contribute, assign, transfer, convey and deliver to Organon or the applicable Organon Subsidiaries, and Organon or such Organon Subsidiaries shall accept from Merck and the applicable Merck Subsidiaries, all of Merck’s and such Merck Subsidiaries’ respective direct or indirect rights, title and interest in and to all of the Organon Assets, including all of the outstanding shares of capital stock or other ownership interests in the Transferred Entities, which shall result in Organon owning directly or indirectly all of the Transferred Entities (it being understood that if an Organon Asset shall be held by a Transferred Entity or a Subsidiary of a Transferred Entity, such Organon Asset may be assigned, transferred, conveyed and delivered for all purposes hereunder as a result of the transfer of all or substantially all of the equity interests in such Transferred Entity to Organon or an Organon Subsidiary).
(b)    Acceptance and Assumption of Organon Liabilities. Organon and the applicable Organon Subsidiaries shall accept, assume and agree faithfully to perform, discharge and fulfill all of the Organon Liabilities in accordance with their respective terms, without regard for the manner in which or circumstances under which such Organon Liabilities arose or against whom they are asserted. Organon and the applicable Organon Subsidiaries shall be responsible for all Organon Liabilities, regardless of when or where such Organon Liabilities arose or arise, or whether the facts on which they are based occurred prior to, at or after the Effective Time, regardless of where or against whom such Organon Liabilities are asserted or determined (including any such Organon Liabilities arising out of claims made by Merck’s or Organon’s respective Subsidiaries or Affiliates or by Representatives of Merck or Organon or their respective Subsidiaries or Affiliates against either Party or any of its Subsidiaries or Affiliates) or whether asserted or determined prior to the Effective Time, and regardless of whether arising from or alleged to arise from negligence, gross negligence, willful misconduct, bad faith, recklessness, violation of Law, fraud or misrepresentation by either Party or any of its Subsidiaries or Affiliates or any of their respective Representatives. The assumption by Organon and the applicable Organon Subsidiaries of the Organon Liabilities is in partial consideration for the Organon Assets being transferred to them in connection with the Separation.
 
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(c)    Transfer and Assignment of Merck Assets. Merck and Organon shall cause Organon and any Business Entity that shall be an Organon Subsidiary after the Effective Time to contribute, assign, transfer, convey and deliver to Merck or a Business Entity designated by Merck that shall be a Merck Subsidiary after the Effective Time all of Organon’s and such Organon Subsidiary’s respective direct or indirect rights, title and interest in and to all Merck Assets held by Organon or an Organon Subsidiary.
(d)    Acceptance and Assumption of Merck Liabilities. Merck and the applicable Merck Subsidiaries shall accept, assume and agree faithfully to perform, discharge and fulfill, all of the Merck Liabilities held by Organon or any Business Entity that shall be an Organon Subsidiary after the Effective Time, and Merck and the applicable Merck Subsidiaries shall be responsible for all of such Merck Liabilities in accordance with their respective terms, without regard for the manner in which or circumstances under which such Merck Liabilities arose or against whom they are asserted. Merck and the applicable Merck Subsidiaries shall be responsible for all Merck Liabilities, regardless of when or where such Merck Liabilities arose or arise, or whether the facts on which they are based occurred prior to, at or after the Effective Time, regardless of where or against whom such Merck Liabilities are asserted or determined (including any such Merck Liabilities arising out of claims made by Merck’s or Organon’s respective Subsidiaries or Affiliates or by Representatives of Merck or Organon or their respective Subsidiaries or Affiliates) or whether asserted or determined prior to the Effective Time, and regardless of whether arising from or alleged to arise from negligence, gross negligence, willful misconduct, bad faith, recklessness, violation of Law, fraud or misrepresentation by either Party or any of its Subsidiaries or Affiliates or any of their respective Representatives.
Section 2.03    IOM and Deferred Markets.
(a)    Deferral of Certain Transfers of Organon Assets and Organon Liabilities. The Parties acknowledge that due to the requirements of applicable Laws, the need to obtain certain Consents from Governmental Authorities or for other business reasons, the Parties have agreed to defer until after the Effective Time the transfer of legal title to all or a portion of the Organon Assets and the assumption of all or a portion of the Organon Liabilities from Merck or the applicable Merck Subsidiary to Organon or the applicable Organon Subsidiary or designee in (i) each of the jurisdictions listed on Schedule 2.03(a)(i), where Merck is continuing to operate certain activities of the Organon Business pursuant to an Interim Operating Agreement (each, an “IOM Market”), and (ii) each of the jurisdictions listed on Schedule 2.03(a)(ii), where Merck is continuing to operate the Organon Business pursuant to a Deferred Market Agreement (each, a “Deferred Market” and the Organon Assets and Organon Liabilities in such Deferred Markets and the IOM Markets, the “Deferred Organon Local Businesses”). Notwithstanding the foregoing, any Deferred Organon Local Business shall continue to constitute Organon Assets or Organon Liabilities, as applicable, for all other purposes of this Agreement.
(b)    Treatment of Deferred Organon Local Businesses. In each case, from and after the Effective Time, and until such time as the applicable Deferred Organon Local Business has been transferred to Organon or the applicable Organon Subsidiary or designee for the relevant IOM Market or Deferred Market subject and pursuant to the terms of the applicable Interim Operating Agreement or Deferred Market Agreement, (i) the Deferred Organon Local Business shall be held and operated by Merck or, where applicable, by a Merck Subsidiary or designee, in
 
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trust on behalf of and for the benefit of Organon or, where applicable, an Organon Subsidiary or designee; (ii) Merck (or, where applicable, a Merck Subsidiary or designee) shall pay, perform and discharge fully when due and payable the Liabilities of the Deferred Organon Local Business on behalf of and for the benefit of Organon or, where applicable, an Organon Subsidiary or designee pursuant to the terms of the applicable Interim Operating Agreement or Deferred Market Agreement; and (iii) insofar as reasonably practicable and to the extent permitted by applicable Law and subject to the terms of any Transaction Document related to such Deferred Organon Local Business, Merck (or, where applicable, a Merck Subsidiary or designee) shall take such other actions as may reasonably be requested by Organon, including sales price determination, supply chain planning and order fulfillment, so that all the benefits and burdens relating to such Deferred Organon Local Business, including expenses, use, risk of loss, profits and losses, potential for gain and control over such Deferred Organon Local Business, shall inure from and after the Effective Time to Organon or, where applicable, an Organon Subsidiary or designee. Except as otherwise provided in a relevant Transaction Document for such IOM Market or Deferred Market, the Parties agree that (A) Merck (or, where applicable, a Merck Subsidiary or designee) shall remit to Organon or an Organon Subsidiary or designee the amounts due in connection with the performance of each Deferred Organon Local Business; and (B) Organon or, where applicable, an Organon Subsidiary or designee shall reimburse Merck or a Merck Subsidiary or designee for all payments made in connection with the performance of each Deferred Organon Local Business and the discharge of any Liabilities in connection therewith.
Section 2.04    Delayed Transfers of Organon Assets and Organon Liabilities.
(a)    Delayed Organon Transfers. Subject to Section 2.03, if and to the extent that the valid, complete and perfected transfer or assignment to Organon or an Organon Subsidiary or designee of any Organon Assets or the assumption by Organon or an Organon Subsidiary or designee of any Organon Liabilities would be a violation of applicable Law or requires a Consent that has not been obtained as of or prior to the Effective Time or the Local Closing Date, as applicable, then, unless the Parties shall otherwise mutually agree, the transfer or assignment to Organon or the applicable Organon Subsidiary or designee of such Organon Assets or the assumption by Organon or the applicable Organon Subsidiary or designee of such Organon Liabilities shall be automatically deemed deferred and any such purported transfer, assignment or assumption shall be null and void until such time as all legal impediments are removed or such Consent is obtained (any such Organon Asset, a “Delayed Organon Asset” and any such Organon Liability, a “Delayed Organon Liability”). Notwithstanding the foregoing, any Delayed Organon Assets or Delayed Organon Liabilities shall continue to constitute Organon Assets or Organon Liabilities, respectively, for all other purposes of this Agreement and the Transaction Documents, regardless of when such Delayed Organon Assets or Delayed Organon Liabilities are assumed by Organon or an Organon Subsidiary or designee. For the avoidance of doubt, subject to Section 2.12 for Mixed Contracts, any Organon Contract requiring a Consent by a third party that, following the Distribution Date, does not provide its Consent shall be deemed a Delayed Organon Asset.
(b)    Treatment of Delayed Organon Assets and Delayed Organon Liabilities. Subject to Section 2.03, from and after the Effective Time, and until such time as the applicable Delayed Organon Asset or Delayed Organon Liability has been transferred to Organon or the applicable Organon Subsidiary or designee, (i) the Delayed Organon Assets shall be held by Merck
 
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or, where applicable, by a Merck Subsidiary or designee, in trust on behalf of and for the benefit of Organon or, where applicable, an Organon Subsidiary or designee; (ii) Merck or, where applicable, a Merck Subsidiary or designee shall pay, perform and discharge fully when due and payable the Delayed Organon Liabilities on behalf of and for the benefit of Organon or, where applicable, an Organon Subsidiary or designee; and (iii) insofar as reasonably practicable and to the extent permitted by applicable Law, Merck or, where applicable, a Merck Subsidiary or designee shall take such other actions as may reasonably be requested by Organon so that all the benefits and burdens relating to such Delayed Organon Assets and Delayed Organon Liabilities, including expenses, use, risk of loss, profits and losses, potential for gain and control over such Delayed Organon Assets and Delayed Organon Liabilities, shall inure from and after the Effective Time to Organon or, where applicable, an Organon Subsidiary or designee. The Parties agree that (A) Merck or, where applicable, a Merck Subsidiary or designee shall remit to Organon or an Organon Subsidiary or designee the amounts due in connection with the performance of each Delayed Organon Asset or Delayed Organon Liability; and (B) Organon or, where applicable, an Organon Subsidiary or designee shall reimburse Merck or a Merck Subsidiary or designee for all payments made in connection with the performance or discharge, as applicable, of each Delayed Organon Asset or Delayed Organon Liability.
(c)    Transfer of Delayed Organon Assets and Delayed Organon Liabilities. Merck or, where applicable, a Merck Subsidiary or designee shall use its commercially reasonable efforts (at Organon’s cost and expense) to obtain any required Consent for the transfer of any Delayed Organon Asset or Delayed Organon Liability. When and as the Parties agree, from time to time, subject to Section 2.03 and provided that, as of such agreed-upon time (i) the necessary Consents for the applicable Delayed Organon Asset or Delayed Organon Liability shall have been obtained; and (ii) the assumption by Organon or an Organon Subsidiary or designee of the applicable Delayed Organon Asset or Delayed Organon Liability is not at such time a violation of applicable Law (or, in the case of a Deferred Organon Local Business, if later, upon the Local Closing):
(A)    Merck shall, and shall cause each Merck Subsidiary to, contribute, assign, transfer, convey and deliver to Organon or such Organon Subsidiaries or designees as Organon may determine, and Organon shall, and shall cause such Organon Subsidiaries or designees to, accept from Merck and the Merck Subsidiaries all of Merck’s and the Merck Subsidiaries’ respective rights, title and interest in and to such Delayed Organon Assets; and
(B)    Organon shall, and shall cause such Organon Subsidiaries or designees as Organon may determine to, accept, assume and agree faithfully to perform, discharge and fulfill such Delayed Organon Liabilities, in accordance with their terms.
This Section 2.04(c) shall apply mutatis mutandis to each Local Closing of a Deferred Organon Local Business.
(d)    Venezuelan Assets. The Parties recognize that no commercial activities relating to Organon Products are being conducted in Venezuela as of the Effective Time nor have been for the [●] period prior thereto. As a result, notwithstanding anything to the contrary herein
 
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or in any other Transaction Document, no rights, assets or liabilities in Venezuela are being transferred pursuant to this Agreement or otherwise. In the event that conditions in Venezuela change, allowing for the resumption of commercial activities in Venezuela, Organon shall have the right to request that Merck or the applicable Merck Subsidiary use commercially reasonable efforts to apply for appropriate licenses to permit the transfer of any assets in Venezuela to Organon or the applicable Organon Subsidiary or designee, at Organon’s cost and expense.
Section 2.05    Delayed Transfers of Merck Assets and Merck Liabilities.
(a)    Delayed Merck Transfers. If and to the extent that the valid, complete and perfected transfer or assignment to Merck or a Merck Subsidiary or designee of any Merck Assets or the assumption by Merck or a Merck Subsidiary or designee of any Merck Liabilities would be a violation of applicable Law or require a Consent that has not been obtained as of or prior to the Effective Time or the Local Closing Date, as applicable, then, unless the Parties shall otherwise mutually agree, the transfer or assignment to Merck or the applicable Merck Subsidiary or designee of such Merck Assets or the assumption by Merck or the applicable Merck Subsidiary or designee of such Merck Liabilities shall be automatically deemed deferred and any such purported transfer, assignment or assumption shall be null and void until such time as all legal impediments are removed or such Consent is obtained (any such Merck Asset, a “Delayed Merck Asset” and any such Merck Liability, a “Delayed Merck Liability”). Notwithstanding the foregoing, any Delayed Merck Assets or Delayed Merck Liabilities shall continue to constitute Merck Assets or Merck Liabilities, respectively, for all other purposes of this Agreement and the Transaction Documents, regardless of when such Delayed Merck Assets or Delayed Merck Liabilities are assumed by Merck or a Merck Subsidiary or designee.
(b)    Treatment of Delayed Merck Assets and Delayed Merck Liabilities. Except as otherwise provided herein or in any Transaction Document, from and after the Effective Time, and until such time as the applicable Delayed Merck Asset or Delayed Merck Liability has been transferred to Merck or the applicable Merck Subsidiary or designee, (i) the Delayed Merck Assets shall be held by Organon or, where applicable, by an Organon Subsidiary or designee, in trust on behalf of and for the benefit of Merck or, where applicable, a Merck Subsidiary or designee; (ii) Organon or, where applicable, an Organon Subsidiary or designee shall pay, perform and discharge fully when due and payable the Delayed Merck Liabilities on behalf of and for the benefit of Merck or, where applicable, a Merck Subsidiary or designee; and (iii) insofar as reasonably practicable and to the extent permitted by applicable Law, Organon or, where applicable, an Organon Subsidiary or designee shall take such other actions as may reasonably be requested by Merck so that all the benefits and burdens relating to such Delayed Merck Assets and Delayed Merck Liabilities, including expenses, use, risk of loss, profits and losses, potential for gain and control over such Delayed Merck Assets and Delayed Merck Liabilities, shall inure from and after the Effective Time to Merck or, where applicable, a Merck Subsidiary or designee. The Parties agree that (A) Organon or, where applicable, an Organon Subsidiary or designee shall remit to Merck or a Merck Subsidiary or designee the amounts due in connection with the performance of each Delayed Merck Asset or Delayed Merck Liability; and (B) Merck or, where applicable, a Merck Subsidiary or designee shall reimburse Organon or an Organon Subsidiary or designee for all payments made in connection with the performance or discharge, as applicable, of each Delayed Merck Asset or Delayed Merck Liability.
 
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(c)    Transfer of Delayed Merck Assets and Delayed Merck Liabilities. Organon or, where applicable, an Organon Subsidiary or designee shall use its commercially reasonable efforts (at Merck’s cost and expense) to obtain any required Consent for the transfer of any Delayed Merck Asset or Delayed Merck Liability. When and as the Parties agree and provided that, as of such agreed-upon time (i) the necessary Consents for each Delayed Merck Asset or Delayed Merck Liability shall have been obtained; and (ii) the assumption by Merck or a Merck Subsidiary or designee of each Delayed Merck Asset or Delayed Merck Liability is not at such time a violation of applicable Law:
(A)    Organon shall, and shall cause each Organon Subsidiary to, contribute, assign, transfer, convey and deliver to Merck or such Merck Subsidiaries or designees as Merck may determine, and Merck shall, and shall cause such Merck Subsidiaries or designees to, accept from Organon and the Organon Subsidiaries all of Organon’s and the Organon Subsidiaries’ respective rights, title and interest in and to such Delayed Merck Assets; and
(B)    Merck shall, and shall cause such Merck Subsidiaries or designees as Merck may determine to, accept, assume and agree faithfully to perform, discharge and fulfill such Delayed Merck Liabilities, in accordance with their terms.
Section 2.06    Transaction Documents. Prior to the Effective Time, the Parties shall execute and deliver, or where applicable shall cause their respective Subsidiaries to execute and deliver, the Transaction Documents, provided, however, that if this Article II calls for a Transaction Document to be executed and delivered on or as of a later time, it shall be executed and delivered on or as of such later time.
Section 2.07    Disclaimer of Representations and Warranties.
(a)    EACH OF MERCK (ON BEHALF OF ITSELF AND EACH OF THE MERCK SUBSIDIARIES) AND ORGANON (ON BEHALF OF ITSELF AND EACH OF THE ORGANON SUBSIDIARIES) UNDERSTANDS AND AGREES THAT, EXCEPT AS EXPRESSLY SET FORTH HEREIN OR IN ANY TRANSACTION DOCUMENT, NO PERSON (INCLUDING ANY PARTY TO THIS AGREEMENT, ANY TRANSACTION DOCUMENT OR OTHERWISE), IS: (X) REPRESENTING OR WARRANTING TO ANY OTHER PERSON IN ANY WAY AS TO (I) THE ASSETS, BUSINESSES OR LIABILITIES TRANSFERRED, LICENSED OR ASSUMED AS CONTEMPLATED HEREBY OR THEREBY; (II) ANY APPROVALS OR NOTIFICATIONS REQUIRED IN CONNECTION HEREWITH OR THEREWITH; (III) THE VALUE OR FREEDOM FROM ANY SECURITY INTERESTS OF, OR ANY OTHER MATTER CONCERNING, ANY ASSETS OF SUCH PARTY; (IV) THE ABSENCE OR PRESENCE OF ANY DEFENSES TO OR RIGHT OF SETOFF AGAINST OR FREEDOM FROM COUNTERCLAIM WITH RESPECT TO ANY PROCEEDING OR OTHER ASSET, INCLUDING ANY ACCOUNTS RECEIVABLE, OF EITHER PARTY; OR (V) THE LEGAL SUFFICIENCY OF ANY CONVEYANCE AND ASSUMPTION INSTRUMENTS OR ANY OTHER TRANSACTION DOCUMENT TO CONVEY TITLE TO ANY ASSET OR THING OF VALUE UPON THE EXECUTION, DELIVERY AND FILING OF SUCH CONVEYANCE AND ASSUMPTION INSTRUMENTS
 
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OR SUCH OTHER TRANSACTION DOCUMENTS; OR (Y) MAKING ANY OTHER REPRESENTATIONS OR GRANTING ANY WARRANTIES, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, EITHER IN FACT OR BY OPERATION OF LAW, BY STATUTE OR OTHERWISE. EACH PARTY SPECIFICALLY DISCLAIMS ANY OTHER WARRANTIES, WHETHER WRITTEN OR ORAL, OR EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING ANY WARRANTY OF QUALITY, MERCHANTABILITY, OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR USE OR PURPOSE OR ANY WARRANTY AS TO THE VALIDITY OF ANY PATENTS OR THE NON-INFRINGEMENT OF ANY INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS OF THIRD PARTIES. EXCEPT AS MAY EXPRESSLY BE SET FORTH IN THIS AGREEMENT OR IN ANY TRANSACTION DOCUMENT, ALL SUCH ASSETS ARE BEING TRANSFERRED OR LICENSED ON AN “AS IS,” “WHERE IS” BASIS (AND, IN THE CASE OF ANY REAL PROPERTY, BY MEANS OF A QUITCLAIM OR SIMILAR FORM DEED OR CONVEYANCE) AND THE RESPECTIVE TRANSFEREES OR LICENSEES SHALL BEAR THE ECONOMIC AND LEGAL RISKS THAT (A) ANY CONVEYANCE AND ASSUMPTION INSTRUMENT OR ANY OTHER TRANSACTION DOCUMENT MAY PROVE TO BE INSUFFICIENT TO VEST IN THE TRANSFEREE GOOD AND MARKETABLE TITLE, FREE AND CLEAR OF ALL SECURITY INTERESTS; AND (B) ANY NECESSARY CONSENTS ARE NOT OBTAINED OR THAT ANY REQUIREMENTS OF LAWS, AGREEMENTS, SECURITY INTERESTS OR JUDGMENTS ARE NOT COMPLIED WITH.
(b)    Each of Merck (on behalf of itself and each of the Merck Subsidiaries) and Organon (on behalf of itself and each of the Organon Subsidiaries) further understands and agrees that if the disclaimer of express or implied representations and warranties contained in Section 2.07(a) is held unenforceable or is unavailable for any reason under the Laws of any jurisdiction outside the United States or if, under the Laws of a jurisdiction outside the United States, both Merck or any of the Merck Subsidiaries, on the one hand, and Organon or any of the Organon Subsidiaries, on the other hand, are jointly or severally liable for any Organon Liability or any Merck Liability, respectively, then, the Parties intend that, notwithstanding any provision to the contrary under the Laws of such foreign jurisdictions, the provisions of this Agreement and the Transaction Documents (including the disclaimer of all representations and warranties, allocation of Liabilities among the Parties and their respective Subsidiaries, releases, indemnification and contribution of Liabilities) shall prevail for any and all purposes among the Parties and their respective Subsidiaries.
(c)    Organon hereby waives compliance by itself and each and every Organon Subsidiary with the requirements and provisions of any “bulk-sale” or “bulk transfer” Laws of any jurisdiction that may otherwise be applicable with respect to the transfer or sale of any or all of the Organon Assets to Organon or an Organon Subsidiary.
(d)    Merck hereby waives compliance by itself and each and every Merck Subsidiary with the requirements and provisions of any “bulk-sale” or “bulk transfer” Laws of any jurisdiction that may otherwise be applicable with respect to the transfer or sale of any and all of the Merck Assets to Merck or a Merck Subsidiary.
 
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Section 2.08    Financing Arrangements; Organon Repayment; Use of Proceeds.
(a)    Financing Arrangements. Prior to the Effective Time, the Financing Arrangements shall have been consummated. Merck and Organon agree to take all necessary actions to assure the full release and discharge of Merck and each of the Merck Subsidiaries from all obligations thereunder as of no later than the Effective Time.
(b)    Organon Repayment. Prior to the Effective Time, Organon shall repay certain intercompany loans outstanding to Merck or a Merck Subsidiary in an amount equal to no more than $[        ] in connection with the Separation and the Distribution (the “Closing Date Repayment”).
(c)    Preparation of Materials. Prior to the Effective Time, Merck and Organon shall cooperate in the preparation of all materials as may be necessary or advisable to execute the Financing Arrangements, including rating agency presentations necessary to obtain the requisite ratings needed to secure the financing under any of the Financing Arrangements.
Section 2.09    Termination of Agreements.
(a)    Termination of Agreements Between Merck and Organon. Except as set forth in Section 2.09(b), the Parties agree that (i) all agreements, arrangements, commitments, courses of dealing or understandings, whether or not in writing, entered into prior to the Effective Time between or among Organon or an Organon Subsidiary, on the one hand, and Merck or a Merck Subsidiary, on the other hand, shall (except as set forth in clause (ii)) be terminated effective as of immediately prior to the Effective Time (including any provision thereof which purports to survive termination); and (ii) all agreements, arrangements, commitments, courses of dealing or understandings, whether or not in writing, entered into prior to a Local Closing of a Deferred Organon Local Business between or among a Transferred Entity that shall be transferred to Organon or a Organon Subsidiary after the Effective Time as part of a Local Closing of a Deferred Organon Local Business, on the one hand, and Merck or a Merck Subsidiary, on the other hand, shall be terminated effective as of immediately prior to such Local Closing (including any provision thereof which purports to survive termination); provided that the provisions of this Section 2.09(a) shall not terminate any rights or obligations (A) between Merck and any of the Merck Subsidiaries; or (B) between Organon and any of the Organon Subsidiaries. For the avoidance of doubt, no Party or any Subsidiary thereof shall have any Liability to any other Party or any of its Subsidiaries based upon, arising out of or resulting from any agreement, arrangement, commitment, course of dealing or understanding terminated in accordance with this Section 2.09(a), and any such Liability is hereby irrevocably canceled, released and waived effective as of the time of such termination.
(b)    Exceptions. The provisions of Section 2.09(a) shall not apply to any of the following agreements, arrangements, commitments or understandings (or to any of the provisions thereof): (i) this Agreement and the Transaction Documents; (ii) any agreements, arrangements, commitments or understandings listed or described on Schedule 2.09(b)(ii) or otherwise entered into between an Organon Subsidiary and Merck Subsidiary expressly in anticipation of the Separation; (iii) any agreements, arrangements, commitments or understandings to which any Third Party is a party; (iv) any agreements, arrangements, commitments or understandings[,
 
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including any Mixed Contracts,] to which any non-wholly owned Subsidiary of Merck or Organon, as the case may be, is a party (it being understood that directors’ qualifying shares or similar interests shall be disregarded for purposes of determining whether a Subsidiary is wholly owned); and (v) intercompany trade and other current payables and receivables (excluding the current portion of intercompany debt and notes) that exist as of immediately prior to the Effective Time (or, in the case of any Deferred Organon Local Business, as of immediately prior to the Local Closing Date), as contemplated by Section 2.10(a). To the extent that the rights and obligations of Merck or a Merck Subsidiary under any agreements, arrangements, commitments or understandings not terminated under this Section 2.09 constitute Organon Assets or Organon Liabilities, they shall be assigned or assumed by Organon or the applicable Organon Subsidiary or designee pursuant to this Agreement.
Section 2.10    Settlement of Accounts between Merck and Organon.
(a)    Except as otherwise set forth on Schedule 2.10, Merck and Organon shall cause all intercompany debt and notes (i) as to which there are no Third Parties; and (ii) that are between Merck or a Merck Subsidiary, on the one hand, and Organon or an Organon Subsidiary, on the other hand, that exist as of immediately prior to the Effective Time (or, in the case of any Deferred Organon Local Business, as of immediately prior to the Local Closing Date), as of immediately prior to the Effective Time (or, as applicable, such Local Closing Date), to be settled, capitalized or cancelled so that such intercompany debt and notes are no longer between Merck or a Merck Subsidiary, on the one hand, and Organon or an Organon Subsidiary, on the other hand, in each case in the manner determined prior to the Effective Time (or, as applicable, such Local Closing Date) by duly authorized representatives of Merck and Organon. Intercompany trade and other payables and receivables that exist as of immediately prior to the Effective Time (or, in the case of any Deferred Organon Local Business, as of immediately prior to the Local Closing Date) will be settled (x) as may be determined by Merck prior to the Effective Time and (y) with respect to any such intercompany trade and other payables and receivables that survive the Effective Time, as may be mutually agreed by Merck and Organon.
(b)    Merck and Organon each agrees to take, or cause their respective Subsidiaries to take, prior to the Effective Time (or, in the case of any Deferred Organon Local Business, as of prior to the Local Closing Date), all actions necessary to amend all Organon Contracts governing each bank and brokerage account owned by Organon or an Organon Subsidiary (collectively, the “Organon Accounts”), so that such Organon Accounts, if currently linked (whether by automatic withdrawal, automatic deposit or any other authorization to transfer funds from or to, hereinafter “linked”) to any bank or brokerage account owned by Merck or a Merck Subsidiary (collectively, the “Merck Accounts”) are de-linked from the Merck Accounts effective at or prior to the Effective Time (or, as applicable, at or prior to the Local Closing Date).
(c)    With respect to any outstanding checks issued by Merck, Organon, or any of their respective Subsidiaries prior to the Effective Time (or, in the case of any Transferred Entity transferred as part of a Deferred Organon Local Business, prior to the Local Closing Date), such outstanding checks shall be honored following the Effective Time (or, as applicable, following the Local Closing Date) by the Person owning the account on which the check is drawn.
 
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(d)    As between Merck and Organon (and their respective Subsidiaries) all payments and reimbursements received after the Effective Time by either Party (or any of its Subsidiaries) in respect or satisfaction of a business, Asset or Liability of the other Party (or any of its Subsidiaries), shall be held by such Party in trust on behalf of and for the benefit of the Party entitled thereto and, as promptly as commercially practicable or as otherwise agreed between the Parties (including, in the case of any Deferred Organon Local Business, in accordance with Section 2.03), upon receipt by such Party of any such payment or reimbursement, such Party shall pay over, or shall cause its applicable Subsidiary to pay over, to the other Party the amount of such payment or reimbursement in accordance with other Transaction Documents.
(e)    The Parties agree that, prior to the Effective Time, Merck or any Merck Subsidiary may, unless and except as the Parties have agreed otherwise in writing, withdraw any and all cash or cash equivalents from the Organon Accounts for the benefit of Merck or any Merck Subsidiary and any such cash or cash equivalents so withdrawn shall be a Merck Asset notwithstanding anything to the contrary contained herein.
Section 2.11    Novation of Liabilities; Release of Guarantees.
(a)    Novation of Organon Liabilities.
(i)    Each of Merck and Organon, at the request of the other Party, shall use commercially reasonable efforts to obtain, or cause to be obtained, any Consent, substitution, approval or amendment required to novate or assign all Organon Liabilities and obtain in writing the unconditional release of Merck and each Merck Subsidiary that is a party to any such arrangements, so that, in any such case, Organon and the designated Organon Subsidiaries shall be solely responsible for such Organon Liabilities; provided, however, that, except as otherwise expressly provided in the Transaction Documents, neither Merck nor Organon (nor any of their respective Subsidiaries) shall be obligated to contribute any capital, pay any consideration, grant any concession or incur any additional Liability to any Third Party other than ordinary and customary fees to a Governmental Authority (which shall be payable by Organon) from whom such Consents, substitutions, approvals, amendments, terminations or releases are requested.
(ii)    If Merck or Organon is unable to obtain, or to cause to be obtained, any such required Consent, substitution, approval, amendment, termination or release, Merck or the applicable Merck Subsidiary shall continue to be bound by such arrangement and, unless not permitted by the terms thereof or by Law, Organon shall, pay, perform and discharge fully when due and payable all the obligations or other Liabilities of Merck or such Merck Subsidiary, as the case may be, that constitute Organon Liabilities thereunder from and after the Effective Time, on behalf of and for the benefit of Merck or, where applicable, a Merck Subsidiary or designee. Organon or the applicable Organon Subsidiary or designee shall reimburse Merck or a Merck Subsidiary or designee for all payments made in connection with the performance and discharge of any Organon Liabilities. Merck shall pay over, or shall cause its applicable Subsidiary to pay over, to Organon all money, rights and other consideration received by it or a Merck Subsidiary in respect of Organon’s performance of such Liabilities on behalf of and for the benefit of Merck or, where applicable, a Merck Subsidiary or designee (unless any such consideration is a Merck
 
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Asset). Subject to Section 2.03 with respect to the Local Closing of a Deferred Organon Local Business, if and when any such Consent, substitution, approval, amendment, termination or release shall be obtained or the obligations under such arrangements shall otherwise become assignable or able to be novated, Merck or the applicable Merck Subsidiary shall promptly contribute, assign, transfer, convey and deliver to Organon or such Organon Subsidiaries or designees as Organon may determine, all of Merck’s and the Merck Subsidiaries’ respective rights, title and interest in and to such obligations, and Organon shall, and shall cause such Organon Subsidiaries or designees as Organon may determine to, accept, assume and agree faithfully to perform, discharge and fulfill such obligations, in accordance with their terms.
(b)    Novation of Merck Liabilities.
(i)    Each of Merck and Organon, at the request of the other Party, shall use commercially reasonable efforts to obtain, or cause to be obtained, any Consent, substitution, approval or amendment required to novate or assign all Merck Liabilities and obtain in writing the unconditional release of Organon and each Organon Subsidiary that is a party to any such arrangements, so that, in any such case, Merck and the designated Merck Subsidiaries shall be solely responsible for such Merck Liabilities; provided, however, that, except as otherwise expressly provided in the Transaction Documents, neither Merck nor Organon (nor any of their respective Subsidiaries) shall be obligated to contribute any capital, pay any consideration, grant any concession or incur any additional Liability to any Third Party other than ordinary and customary fees to a Governmental Authority (which shall be payable by Merck) from whom such Consents, substitutions, approvals, amendments, terminations or releases are requested.
(ii)    If Merck or Organon is unable to obtain, or to cause to be obtained, any such required Consent, substitution, approval, amendment, termination or release, Organon or the applicable Organon Subsidiary shall continue to be bound by such arrangement and, unless not permitted by the terms thereof or by Law, Merck shall, pay, perform and discharge fully when due and payable all the obligations or other Liabilities of Organon or such Organon Subsidiary, as the case may be, that constitute Merck Liabilities thereunder from and after the Effective Time, on behalf of and for the benefit of Organon or, where applicable, an Organon Subsidiary or designee. Merck or the applicable Merck Subsidiary or designee shall reimburse Organon or an Organon Subsidiary or designee for all payments made in connection with the performance and discharge of any Merck Liabilities. Organon shall pay over, or shall cause its applicable Subsidiary to pay over, to Merck all money, rights and other consideration received by it or an Organon Subsidiary in respect of Merck’s performance of such Liabilities on behalf of and for the benefit of Organon or, where applicable, an Organon Subsidiary or designee (unless any such consideration is an Organon Asset). If and when any such Consent, substitution, approval, amendment, termination or release shall be obtained or the obligations under such arrangements shall otherwise become assignable or able to be novated, Organon or the applicable Organon Subsidiary shall promptly contribute, assign, transfer, convey and deliver to Merck or such Merck Subsidiaries or designees as Merck may determine, all of Organon’s and the Organon Subsidiaries’ respective rights, title and interest in and to such obligations, and Merck shall, and shall cause such Merck Subsidiaries or designees as Merck may determine to, accept, assume and agree faithfully to perform, discharge and fulfill such obligations, in accordance with their terms.
 
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(c)    Release of Guarantees.
(i)    Except as set forth on Schedule 2.11(c)(i), each of Merck and Organon, at the request of the other Party, shall use commercially reasonable efforts, as soon as is reasonably practicable, to (A) have Organon or an Organon Subsidiary removed as guarantor of or obligor for any Merck Liability to the extent that such guarantees or obligations relate to Merck Liabilities, which shall include the removal of any Security Interest on or in any Organon Asset that may serve as collateral or security for any such Merck Liability; and (B) have Merck or a Merck Subsidiary removed as guarantor of or obligor for any Organon Liability to the extent that such guarantees or obligations relate to Organon Liabilities, which shall include the removal of any Security Interest on or in any Merck Asset that may serve as collateral or security for any such Organon Liability; provided, however, that, except as otherwise expressly provided in the Transaction Documents and without limiting the requirements under Section 2.11(c)(ii), the use of commercially reasonable efforts under this Section 2.11(c)(i) shall not obligate either Merck or Organon (nor any of their respective Subsidiaries) to contribute any capital, pay any consideration, grant any concession or incur any additional Liability to any Third Party other than ordinary and customary fees to a Governmental Authority (which shall be payable by the non-guarantor or non-obligor Party) from whom such Consents, substitutions, amendments, terminations or releases are requested.
(ii)    To the extent required to obtain a release from a guarantee or other obligation:
(A)    of Merck or a Merck Subsidiary, Organon shall execute a guarantee agreement in the form of the existing guarantee or such other form as is agreed to by the relevant parties to such guarantee agreement, which agreement shall include the removal of any Security Interest on or in any Merck Asset that may serve as collateral or security for any such Organon Liability, except to the extent that such existing guarantee contains representations, covenants or other terms or provisions either with which Organon (1) would be reasonably unable to comply or (2) would not reasonably be able to avoid breaching; and
(B)    of Organon or an Organon Subsidiary, Merck shall execute a guarantee agreement in the form of the existing guarantee or such other form as is agreed to by the relevant parties to such guarantee agreement, which agreement shall include the removal of any Security Interest on or in any Organon Asset that may serve as collateral or security for any such Merck Liability, except to the extent that such existing guarantee contains representations, covenants or other terms or provisions either with which Merck (1) would be reasonably unable to comply or (2) would not reasonably be able to avoid breaching.
(iii)    With respect to the continuing guarantees or obligations which the Parties have agreed, subject to this Section 2.11(c)(iii), will continue following the
 
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Effective Time, and with respect to which Merck or Organon is unable to obtain, or to cause to be obtained, any such required removal or release as set forth in clauses (i) and (ii) of this Section 2.11(c), (A) the Party or its relevant Subsidiary that has assumed the Liability underlying such guarantee or obligation shall use commercially reasonable efforts to prevent the guarantor or obligator from incurring any continuing Liability in respect of such guarantee or obligation, and shall indemnify and hold harmless the guarantor or obligor against or from any Liability arising from or relating thereto (in accordance with the provisions of Article IV) and shall or shall cause one of its Subsidiaries to pay, perform and discharge fully all the obligations or other Liabilities of such guarantor or obligor thereunder on behalf of and for the benefit of such guarantor or obligor; and (B) each of Merck and Organon, on behalf of themselves and their respective Subsidiaries, agree not to renew or extend the term of, increase its obligations under, or transfer to a Third Party, any loan, guarantee, lease, contract or other obligation for which the other Party or such Party’s Subsidiaries is or may be liable unless the other Party consents in writing or unless all obligations of such other Party and the Subsidiaries of such other Party with respect thereto are thereupon terminated by documentation reasonably satisfactory in form and substance to such other Party.
Section 2.12    Mixed Contracts; Mixed AR/AP.
(a)    Mixed Contracts. Except as may otherwise be agreed by the Parties, in the case that any contract or agreement that is not transferred to Organon or an Organon Subsidiary at or prior to the Distribution Date inures to the benefit or burden of both the Merck Business and the Organon Business and, in Merck’s sole discretion, Organon demonstrates within 12 months following the Distribution Date that such contract or agreement is necessary to the Organon Business, then Merck shall use its commercially reasonable efforts to cause such contract or agreement to be: (i) assigned in relevant part to Organon or an Organon Subsidiary if so assignable; (ii) appropriately amended, prior to, on or after the Effective Time (or, in the case of a contract that inures to the benefit or burden of both Merck or a Merck Subsidiary, on the one hand, and a Transferred Entity that shall be transferred to Organon or a Organon Subsidiary after the Effective Time as part of a Local Closing of a Deferred Organon Local Business, on the other hand, on or after such Local Closing); or (iii) replaced or otherwise addressed with suitable arrangements, in each case so that each Party or their respective Subsidiaries shall be entitled to the rights and benefits and shall assume the related portion of any obligations, burdens and Liabilities inuring to their respective businesses; provided, however, that in no event shall Merck or its Subsidiaries be required to assign or amend any contract in its entirety or to assign a portion of any contract that is not assignable or cannot be amended by its terms (including any terms imposing Consents or conditions on an assignment where such Consents or conditions have not been obtained or fulfilled). If any such contract cannot be so partially assigned, or cannot be amended, or if such assignment or amendment would impair the benefit that the Parties thereto derive from such contract and such contract is not replaced or otherwise addressed with suitable arrangements, Merck and Organon shall, and shall cause each of their respective Subsidiaries to, take such other reasonable and permissible actions to cause (at Organon’s cost and expense) the following for two years after the 12 months following the Distribution Date, or such other term as the Parties shall mutually agree: (A) the Assets associated with that portion of each such contract that relates to the Organon Business to be enjoyed by Organon or an Organon Subsidiary; (B) the Liabilities associated with that portion of each such contract that relates to the Organon Business
 
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to be borne by Organon or an Organon Subsidiary; (C) the Assets associated with that portion of each such contract that relates to the Merck Business to be enjoyed by Merck or a Merck Subsidiary; and (D) the Liabilities associated with that portion of each such contract that relates to the Merck Business to be borne by Merck or a Merck Subsidiary.
(b)    Mixed AR/AP. Except as may otherwise be agreed by the Parties, the Parties shall not seek to assign any account receivable or account payable relating to both the Merck Business and the Organon Business and all Assets and Liabilities associated with such accounts receivable and accounts payable shall be retained by Merck.
(c)    No Payments. Except for payments required in accordance with the performance of the applicable Mixed Contract, nothing in this Section 2.12 shall require either Party or any of its Subsidiaries to make any payment (except to the extent advanced, assumed or agreed in advance to be reimbursed by the other Party or any of the other Party’s Subsidiaries), incur any obligation or grant any concession for the benefit of the other Party or any of the other Party’s Subsidiaries, in each case, in order to effect any transaction (other than the pass-through of benefits and burdens of the applicable portions of the Mixed Contracts in accordance with this Section 2.12).
Section 2.13    Quarterly Adjustments in Certain Markets. The Parties acknowledge that the payment of a quarterly adjustment for any calendar quarter is expected to align with the timing of actual cash collections by Merck and its Affiliates from customers of the Organon Business during such calendar quarter. Where the timing of actual cash collections by Merck and its Affiliates from customers of the Organon Business is different from the timing of cash transfers from Merck and its Affiliates to Organon and its Affiliates under the terms of any agreement set forth on Schedule 2.13, either Party may request an earlier payment or delay of a payment due under such agreement. Both Parties shall consider any such request in good faith, provided that such payment amounts are greater than five million dollars (USD $5 million) for any country.
Section 2.14    Further Assurances.
(a)    Additional Actions. Except as set forth in Section 3.04 and Article IX, in addition to the actions specifically provided for elsewhere in this Agreement, each Party shall, and shall cause each of its respective Subsidiaries to, use commercially reasonable efforts, prior to and after the Effective Time to take, or cause to be taken, all actions, and to do, or cause to be done, all things, necessary or advisable under applicable Laws and agreements to consummate the transactions contemplated by this Agreement and the Transaction Documents as promptly as reasonably practicable (including, for the avoidance of doubt, the transfer of any Assets or Liabilities that are allocated to a Party hereunder and that have not yet been transferred); provided, however, that neither Merck nor Organon (nor any of their respective Subsidiaries) shall be obligated under this Section 2.14(a) to pay any consideration, grant any concession or incur any additional Liability to any Third Party other than ordinary and customary fees paid to a Governmental Authority.
(b)    Cooperation. Without limiting the foregoing and except to the extent otherwise contemplated in connection with a Deferred Organon Local Business under Section 2.03, prior to and after the Effective Time, each Party shall, and shall cause each of its Subsidiaries
 
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to, cooperate with the other Party without any further consideration to execute and deliver, or use commercially reasonable efforts to cause to be executed and delivered, all Conveyance and Assumption Instruments and to make all filings with, and to obtain all Consents of, any Governmental Authority or any other Person under any permit, license, agreement, indenture or other instrument (including any Consents), and to take all such other actions as such Party may reasonably be requested to take by the other Party from time to time, consistent with the terms of this Agreement and the Transaction Documents, in order to effectuate the provisions and purposes of this Agreement and the Transaction Documents and the transfers of the Organon Assets and the Merck Assets and the assignment and assumption of the Organon Liabilities and the Merck Liabilities as contemplated by this Agreement and the other transactions contemplated hereby and thereby; provided, however, that neither Merck nor Organon (nor any of their respective Subsidiaries) shall be obligated under this Section 2.14(b) to pay any consideration, grant any concession or incur any additional Liability to any Third Party other than ordinary and customary fees paid to a Governmental Authority.
(c)    Misallocations. Except to the extent otherwise contemplated in connection with a Deferred Organon Local Business under Section 2.03, a Delayed Organon Asset or Delayed Organon Liability under Section 2.04 or a Delayed Merck Asset or Delayed Merck Liability under Section 2.05, in the event that, at any time or from time to time (whether prior to, at or after the Effective Time), one Party or any of its Subsidiaries shall receive or otherwise possess, or become aware of a third party’s possession of, any Asset that is allocated to the other Party or any Subsidiary of such other Party pursuant to this Agreement or any Transaction Document, the first Party shall use its commercially reasonable efforts to promptly transfer, or cause its Subsidiary or instruct such third party to transfer, such Asset to the Party so entitled thereto or such Party’s Subsidiary or designee and such Party or such Party’s Subsidiary or designee shall accept such Asset; provided that, the terms of this Section 2.14(c) are not intended to limit or otherwise modify in any way the Parties’ rights and obligations under this Agreement or any Transaction Document. Except to the extent otherwise contemplated in connection with a Deferred Organon Local Business under Section 2.03, a Delayed Organon Asset or Delayed Organon Liability under Section 2.04 or a Delayed Merck Asset or Delayed Merck Liability under Section 2.05, in the event that, at any time or from time to time (whether prior to, at or after the Effective Time), one Party or any of its Subsidiaries shall receive or otherwise assume any Liability that is allocated to the other Party or any Subsidiary of such other Party pursuant to this Agreement or any Transaction Document, the first Party shall use its commercially reasonable efforts to promptly transfer, or cause its Subsidiary to transfer, such Liability to the Party so entitled thereto or such Party’s Subsidiary or designee, and such Party or such Party’s Subsidiary or designee shall accept, assume and agree faithfully to perform such Liability; provided that, the terms of this Section 2.14(c) are not intended to limit or otherwise modify in any way the Parties’ rights and obligations under this Agreement or any Transaction Document. The Parties also agree that, if a Party or any of its Subsidiaries possesses any Asset or Liability that is allocated to the other Party or any Subsidiary of such other Party pursuant to this Agreement or any Transaction Document, such Asset or Liability shall nonetheless be treated as an Asset or Liability of the Party to which it is allocated.
 
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ARTICLE III
THE DISTRIBUTION
Section 3.01    Actions Prior to the Distribution. Prior to the Effective Time and subject to the terms and conditions set forth herein, the Parties shall take, or cause to be taken, the following actions in connection with the Distribution:
(a)    Notice to NYSE. Merck shall, to the extent possible, give the NYSE not less than 10 days’ advance notice of the Record Date in compliance with Rule 10b-17 under the Exchange Act.
(b)    Securities Law Matters. Organon shall file any amendments or supplements to the Registration Statement as may be necessary or advisable in order to cause the Registration Statement to become and remain effective as required by the Commission or federal, state or other applicable securities Laws. Merck and Organon shall cooperate in preparing, filing with the Commission and causing to become effective registration statements or amendments thereof which are required to reflect the establishment of, or amendments to, any employee benefit and other plans necessary or advisable in connection with the transactions contemplated by this Agreement and the Transaction Documents. Merck and Organon shall take all such action as may be necessary or advisable under the securities or blue sky Laws of the United States (and any comparable Laws under any non-United States jurisdiction) in connection with the transactions contemplated by this Agreement and the Transaction Documents.
(c)    Mailing of Information Statement or Notice of Internet Availability of Information Statement. Merck shall, as soon as is reasonably practicable after the Registration Statement is declared effective under the Exchange Act and the board of directors of Merck has approved the Distribution, cause the Information Statement or a notice of internet availability of the Information Statement to be mailed to the Record Holders.
(d)    The Distribution Agent. Merck shall enter into a distribution agent agreement with the Agent or otherwise provide instructions to the Agent regarding the Distribution.
(e)    Stock-Based Employee Benefit Plans. At or prior to the Effective Time, Merck and Organon shall take all actions as may be necessary to approve the stock-based employee benefit plans of Organon in order to satisfy the requirements of Rule 16b-3 under the Exchange Act and the applicable rules and regulations of the NYSE.
(f)    Satisfying Conditions to Distribution. Without limiting Section 3.04, Merck and Organon shall cooperate to cause the conditions to the Distribution set forth in this Article III to be satisfied and to effect the Distribution at the Effective Time.
Section 3.02    The Distribution. Subject to the terms and conditions contained herein:
(a)    Delivery of Organon Common Stock. On or prior to the Distribution Date, Merck shall deliver to the Agent, for the benefit of the Record Holders, book-entry transfer authorizations for such number of the outstanding shares of Organon Common Stock as is necessary to effect the Distribution.
 
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(b)    Effective Time of Distribution. The Distribution shall be effective at the Effective Time.
(c)    Distribution of Shares and Cash. Merck shall instruct the Agent to distribute, as soon as practicable following the Effective Time, to each Record Holder the following:
(i)    [                ] of a share of Organon Common Stock for each Merck Common Share held by such Record Holder as of the Record Date (the number of shares of Organon Common Stock received for each Merck Common Share held by such Record Holder as of the Record Date, the “Distribution Ratio”); and
(ii)    cash, if applicable, in lieu of fractional shares obtained in the manner provided in Section 3.03.
(d)    Transfer Authorizations. Organon agrees to provide all book-entry transfer authorizations for shares of Organon Common Stock that Merck or the Agent shall require (after giving effect to Section 3.03) in order to effect the Distribution.
Section 3.03    Fractional Shares; Unclaimed Shares.
(a)    No Fractional Shares. Notwithstanding anything herein to the contrary, no fractional shares of Organon Common Stock shall be issued in connection with the Distribution, and any such fractional share interests to which a Record Holder would otherwise be entitled shall not entitle such Record Holder to vote or to any other rights as a shareholder of Organon. In lieu of any such fractional shares, each Record Holder who, but for the provisions of this Section 3.03, would be entitled to receive a fractional share interest of Organon Common Stock pursuant to the Distribution, shall be paid cash, without any interest thereon, as hereinafter provided. Merck shall instruct the Agent to determine the number of whole shares and fractional shares of Organon Common Stock allocable to each Record Holder, to aggregate all such fractional shares into whole shares, to sell the whole shares obtained thereby in the open market at the then-prevailing prices on behalf of each Record Holder who otherwise would be entitled to receive fractional share interests and to distribute to each such Record Holder his, her or its ratable share of the total proceeds of such sale, after making appropriate deductions of the amounts required for United States federal income tax withholding purposes and after deducting any applicable transfer Taxes and the costs and expenses of such sale and distribution, including brokers fees and commissions. The sales of fractional shares shall occur as soon after the Effective Time as practicable as determined by the Agent. None of Merck, Organon or the Agent shall guarantee any minimum sale price for such fractional shares. Neither Merck nor Organon shall pay any interest on the proceeds from the sale of fractional shares. The Agent shall have the sole discretion to select the broker-dealers through which to sell the aggregated fractional shares and to determine when, how and at what price to sell such shares. Neither the Agent nor the broker-dealers through which the aggregated fractional shares are sold shall be Affiliates of Merck or Organon.
(b)    Beneficial Owners. Solely for purposes of computing fractional share interests pursuant to this Section 3.03, the beneficial owner of Merck Common Shares held of record in the name of a nominee in any nominee account shall be treated as the holder of record with respect to such shares.
 
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(c)    Unclaimed Stock or Cash. Any Organon Common Stock or cash in lieu of fractional shares with respect to Organon Common Stock that remain unclaimed by any Record Holder 180 days after the Distribution Date shall be delivered to Organon, Organon shall hold such Organon Common Stock for the account of such Record Holder and the Parties agree that all obligations to provide such Organon Common Stock and cash, if any, in lieu of fractional share interests shall be obligations of Organon, subject in each case to applicable escheat or other abandoned property Laws, and Merck shall have no Liability with respect thereto.
Section 3.04    Sole Discretion of Merck. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary set forth in this Agreement or in any Transaction Document, until the Effective Time, Merck shall have the sole discretion to determine whether to proceed with the Distribution and any and all terms of the Distribution, including the form, structure and terms of any transaction(s) or offering(s) to effect the Distribution and the timing of and conditions to the consummation of the Distribution. In addition, Merck may, in its sole discretion, determine the Distribution Date and may, at any time and from time to time until the Effective Time, modify or change the terms of the Distribution, including by accelerating or delaying the timing of the consummation of the Distribution or terminating this Agreement pursuant to Article IX.
Section 3.05    Conditions to the Distribution.
(a)    The Conditions. In addition to Merck’s rights under Section 3.04, the Distribution shall not occur unless each of the following conditions shall have been satisfied (or waived by Merck, in whole or in part, in its sole discretion):
(i)    the transfer of the Organon Assets (other than any Delayed Organon Asset and any Organon Assets deferred as part of a Deferred Organon Local Business) and Organon Liabilities (other than any Delayed Organon Liability and any Organon Liabilities deferred as part of a Deferred Organon Local Business) contemplated to be transferred from Merck to Organon on or prior to the Distribution Date shall have occurred as contemplated by Section 2.02;
(ii)    the Registration Statement shall have been declared effective by the Commission; no stop-order shall be in effect with respect thereto; no Proceeding for that purpose shall have been instituted or threatened by the Commission; and the Information Statement or notice of internet availability of the Information Statement shall have been mailed to the Record Holders;
(iii)    Merck or a Merck Subsidiary shall have received the proceeds from the Closing Date Repayment and shall be satisfied in its sole discretion that, as of the Effective Time, it shall have no further Liability whatsoever under the Financing Arrangements (including in connection with any guarantees provided by Merck or a Merck Subsidiary thereunder);
(iv)    the actions and filings with regard to securities and blue sky Laws of the United States (and any comparable Laws under any foreign jurisdictions) described in Section 3.01 shall have been taken and, where applicable, shall have become effective or been accepted;
 
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(v)    the Organon Common Stock to be distributed in the Distribution shall have been accepted for listing on the NYSE, subject to official notice of issuance;
(vi)    no order, injunction or decree issued by any Governmental Authority or other legal restraint or prohibition preventing the consummation of the Distribution or any of the other transactions related thereto, including the Separation, contemplated by this Agreement or any Transaction Document shall be in effect;
(vii)    Merck shall have received an opinion from Baker & McKenzie LLP and Ernst & Young LLP that is in substance and form satisfactory to Merck in its sole discretion;
(viii)    no events or developments shall have occurred or exist that, in the judgment of the board of directors of Merck, in its sole discretion, makes it inadvisable to effect the Separation, the Distribution or the other transactions contemplated by this Agreement or any Transaction Document;
(ix)    the Parties shall have executed and delivered or, where applicable, shall have caused their respective Subsidiaries to execute and deliver, the Transaction Documents that are contemplated by this Agreement to be executed and delivered on or prior to the Effective Time; and
(x)    an independent appraisal firm acceptable to Merck shall have delivered one or more opinions to the board of directors of Merck confirming the solvency and financial viability of Merck and Organon after consummation of the Distribution, and such opinions shall be acceptable to Merck in form and substance in Merck’s sole discretion and such opinions shall not have been withdrawn or rescinded.
(b)    Conditions for Benefit of Merck. The foregoing conditions are for the sole benefit of Merck and not for the benefit of any other Person and shall not give rise to nor create any duty on the part of Merck or Merck’s board of directors to waive or not waive any such condition or in any way limit Merck’s right to terminate this Agreement as set forth in Article IX or alter the consequences of any such termination from those specified in such Article IX. Any determination made by Merck prior to the Distribution concerning the satisfaction or waiver of any or all of the conditions set forth in this Section 3.05 shall be conclusive and binding on the Parties hereto.
ARTICLE IV
MUTUAL RELEASES; INDEMNIFICATION
Section 4.01    Releases.
(a)    Organon Release of Merck. Except as provided in Section 4.01(c) and in the provisos to this Section 4.01(a), effective as of the Effective Time, Organon does hereby, for itself, each of the Organon Subsidiaries, and their respective successors and assigns, and, to the
 
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extent permitted by Law, all Persons who at any time prior to the Effective Time have been directors, officers, agents or employees of Organon or any of the Organon Subsidiaries (in each case, in their respective capacities as such), remise, release and forever discharge: (1) Merck, each Merck Subsidiary, and their respective successors and assigns; and (2) all Persons who prior to the Effective Time have been shareholders, directors, officers, agents or employees of Merck or a Merck Subsidiary (in each case, in their respective capacities as such), and their respective heirs, executors, administrators, successors and assigns, in each such case from:
(i)    all Organon Liabilities; and
(ii)    all Liabilities existing or arising: (A) in connection with the implementation of the Separation and the Distribution; or (B) from actions, inactions, events, omissions, conditions, facts or circumstances occurring or existing prior to the Effective Time (whether or not such Liabilities cease being contingent, mature, become known, are asserted or foreseen, or accrue, in each case before, at or after the Effective Time), in each case to the extent relating to, arising out of or resulting from the Organon Business, the Organon Assets or the Organon Liabilities;
provided, however, that nothing in this Section 4.01(a) shall release the Persons released in this Section 4.01(a) from: (x) any Liability (or right or obligation in respect thereof) expressly allocated to Merck or a Merck Subsidiary in this Agreement (including the indemnification obligations in Section 4.03 and the contribution obligations in Section 4.07), any Transaction Document or any other agreement, arrangement, commitment or understanding to the extent expressly preserved by the express terms of this Agreement; (y) any Liability incurred in the ordinary course of business after the Effective Time; or (z) any Liability the release of which would result in the release of any Person other than the Persons released in this Section 4.01(a), and, provided, further, that nothing in this Section 4.01(a) shall relieve any Person released in this Section 4.01(a) who, after the Effective Time, is a director, officer or employee of Organon or an Organon Subsidiary and is no longer a director, officer or employee of Merck or a Merck Subsidiary from Liabilities arising out of, relating to or resulting from his or her service as a director, officer or employee of Organon or any of the Organon Subsidiaries after the Effective Time.
(b)    Merck Release of Organon. Except as provided in Section 4.01(c) and in the proviso to this Section 4.01(b), effective as of the Effective Time, Merck does hereby, for itself, each of the Merck Subsidiaries, and their respective successors and assigns, and, to the extent permitted by Law, all Persons who at any time prior to the Effective Time have been directors, officers, agents or employees of Merck or any of the Merck Subsidiaries (in each case, in their respective capacities as such), remise, release and forever discharge: (1) Organon, each Organon Subsidiary, and their respective successors and assigns; and (2) all Persons who prior to the Effective Time have been shareholders, directors, officers, agents or employees of Organon or an Organon Subsidiary (in each case, in their respective capacities as such), and their respective heirs, executors, administrators, successors and assigns, in each case from:
(i)    all Merck Liabilities; and
 
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(ii)    all Liabilities existing or arising: (A) in connection with the implementation of the Separation and the Distribution; or (B) from actions, inactions, events, omissions, conditions, facts or circumstances occurring or existing prior to the Effective Time (whether or not such Liabilities cease being contingent, mature, become known, are asserted or foreseen, or accrue, in each case before, at or after the Effective Time), in each case to the extent relating to, arising out of or resulting from the Merck Business, the Merck Assets or the Merck Liabilities;
provided, however, that nothing in this Section 4.01(b) shall release the Persons released in this Section 4.01(b) from: (x) any Liability (or right or obligation in respect thereof) expressly allocated to Organon or an Organon Subsidiary in this Agreement (including the indemnification obligations in Section 4.02 and the contribution obligations in Section 4.07), any Transaction Document or any other agreement, arrangement, commitment or understanding to the extent expressly preserved by the express terms of this Agreement; (y) any Liability incurred in the ordinary course of business after the Effective Time; or (z) any Liability the release of which would result in the release of any Person other than the Persons released in this Section 4.01(b) and, provided, further, that nothing in this Section 4.01(b) shall relieve any Person released in this Section 4.01(b) who, after the Effective Time, is a director, officer or employee of Merck or a Merck Subsidiary and is no longer a director, officer or employee of Organon or an Organon Subsidiary from Liabilities arising out of, relating to or resulting from his or her service as a director, officer or employee of Merck or any of the Merck Subsidiaries after the Effective Time.
(c)    Merck Obligations Not Affected. Nothing contained in this Article IV shall release Merck or a Merck Subsidiary from honoring its obligations existing immediately prior to the Effective Time to (i) indemnify any director, officer or employee of Organon or an Organon Subsidiary who was a director, officer or employee of Merck or a Merck Subsidiary on or prior to the Effective Time, to the extent such director, officer or employee was entitled in such capacity to such indemnification pursuant to obligations existing immediately prior to the Effective Time; provided that if a director, officer or employee of Organon or an Organon Subsidiary receives indemnification payments from Merck or Organon, as the case may be, with respect to a particular Liability for which such person is entitled to indemnification, such person shall not be entitled to receive duplicate indemnification payments from the other Party with respect to the same Liability to the extent of the indemnification payments previously received by such director from Merck or Organon, as the case may be; provided, further, that (A) to the extent the events underlying an indemnification claim would give rise to a Merck Liability, then Merck shall have primary responsibility for the administration (including payment) of the indemnification claim and (B) to the extent that the events underlying an indemnification claim would give rise to an Organon Liability, then Organon shall have primary responsibility for the administration (including payment) of the indemnification claim; or (ii) provide any employment, post-employment or retirement benefits to any director, officer or employee of Organon or an Organon Subsidiary who was a director, officer or employee of Merck or a Merck Subsidiary on or prior to the Effective Time, to the extent such director, officer or employee was entitled to such benefits pursuant to obligations existing immediately prior to the Effective Time, except as otherwise provided in, and subject to the terms and conditions (including with respect to the adjustment, conversion or assignment of any agreements or awards) in, the Employee Matters Agreement.
 
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(d)    No Organon Claims. Without limiting the rights of either Party under Section 4.04, 4.05 or 4.06 or otherwise expressly provided in any of the Transaction Documents, Organon shall not make, and shall not permit an Organon Subsidiary to make, any claim or demand, or commence any Proceeding asserting any claim or demand, including any claim of contribution or indemnification, against Merck or a Merck Subsidiary or any other Person released pursuant to Section 4.01(a), with respect to any Liabilities released pursuant to Section 4.01(a).
(e)    No Merck Claims. Without limiting the rights of either Party under Section 4.04, 4.05 or 4.06 or otherwise expressly provided in any of the Transaction Documents, Merck shall not make, and shall not permit a Merck Subsidiary to make, any claim or demand, or commence any Proceeding asserting any claim or demand, including any claim of contribution or indemnification, against Organon or an Organon Subsidiary or any other Person released pursuant to Section 4.01(b), with respect to any Liabilities released pursuant to Section 4.01(b).
(f)    Subsidiary Releases. At any time at or after the Effective Time, at the request of either Party, the other Party shall cause its Subsidiaries to execute and deliver releases reflecting the provisions of this Section 4.01.
Section 4.02    Indemnification by Organon. Except as otherwise specifically set forth in any provision of this Agreement or of any Transaction Document, Organon and each of the Organon Subsidiaries shall, to the fullest extent permitted by Law, indemnify, defend and hold harmless each of the Merck Indemnitees from and against all Liabilities to the extent such Liabilities relate to, arise out of or result from, directly or indirectly, any of the following items:
(a)    any Organon Liability;
(b)    any failure of Organon or an Organon Subsidiary or any other Person to pay, perform or otherwise promptly discharge any Organon Liabilities in accordance with their terms, whether prior to, at or after the Effective Time;
(c)    the conduct of any business, operation or activity by Organon or an Organon Subsidiary whether before or after the Effective Time;
(d)    any breach by Organon or an Organon Subsidiary of this Agreement or any Transaction Document (subject to limitations, if any, expressly set forth herein and in the applicable Transaction Document); and
(e)    any untrue statement or alleged untrue statement of a material fact or omission or alleged omission to state a material fact required to be stated therein or necessary to make the statements therein not misleading, with respect to all information contained in the Registration Statement or the Information Statement (other than the matters described Section 4.03(e)).
Section 4.03    Indemnification by Merck. Except as otherwise specifically set forth in any provision of this Agreement or of any Transaction Document, Merck and each of the Merck Subsidiaries shall, to the fullest extent permitted by Law, indemnify, defend and hold harmless each of the Organon Indemnitees from and against all Liabilities to the extent such Liabilities relate to, arise out of or result from, directly or indirectly, any of the following items:
(a)    any Merck Liability;
 
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(b)    any failure of Merck or a Merck Subsidiary or any other Person to pay, perform or otherwise promptly discharge any Merck Liabilities in accordance with their terms, whether prior to, at or after the Effective Time;
(c)    the conduct of any business, operation or activity by Merck or a Merck Subsidiary from and after the Effective Time (other than the conduct of business, operations, or activities for the benefit of Organon or any of its Subsidiaries pursuant to this Agreement or any Transaction Document);
(d)    any breach by Merck or a Merck Subsidiary of this Agreement or any Transaction Document (subject to limitations, if any, expressly set forth herein or in the applicable Transaction Document); and
(e)    any untrue statement or alleged untrue statement of a material fact expressly supplied by Merck for use in the Registration Statement or the Information Statement as the same may be amended prior to the Effective Time.
Section 4.04    Indemnification Obligations Net of Insurance Proceeds and Other Amounts.
(a)    Insurance Proceeds and Other Amounts. The Parties intend that any Liability subject to indemnification or contribution pursuant to this Agreement or any Transaction Document: (i) shall be reduced by any Insurance Proceeds or other amounts actually recovered (net of any out-of-pocket costs or expenses incurred in the collection thereof and any deductibles or retentions applicable thereto) from any Person by or on behalf of the Indemnitee in respect of any indemnifiable Liability; (ii) shall not be increased to take into account any Tax costs incurred by the Indemnitee arising from any Indemnity Payments received from the Indemnifying Party (as defined below); and (iii) shall not be reduced to take into account any Tax benefit received by the Indemnitee arising from the incurrence or payment of any Indemnity Payment; provided that, in the event of any conflict between Sections 4.04(a)(ii) and 4.04(a)(iii), on the one hand, and any term or provision of the Tax Matters Agreement, on the other hand, the Tax Matters Agreement shall control. Accordingly, the amount which any Person against whom a claim is made for indemnification in accordance with this Agreement (an “Indemnifying Party”) is required to pay to any Indemnitee shall be reduced by any Insurance Proceeds or any other amounts theretofore actually recovered (net of any out-of-pocket costs or expenses incurred in the collection thereof and any deductibles or retentions applicable thereto) from any Person by or on behalf of the Indemnitee in respect of the related Liability. If an Indemnitee receives a payment required by this Agreement from an Indemnifying Party in respect of any Liability (an “Indemnity Payment”) and subsequently receives Insurance Proceeds or any other amounts in respect of the related Liability, then the Indemnitee shall pay to the Indemnifying Party an amount equal to the excess of the Indemnity Payment (or such other amounts) received over the amount of the Indemnity Payment that would have been due if the Insurance Proceeds or such other amounts (net of any out-of-pocket costs or expenses incurred in the collection thereof and any deductibles or retentions applicable thereto) had been received, realized or recovered before the Indemnity Payment was made.
 
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(b)    Insurers and Other Third Parties Not Relieved. The Parties hereby agree that an insurer or other Third Party that would otherwise be obligated to pay any amount shall not be relieved of the responsibility with respect thereto or have any subrogation, contribution or indemnification rights with respect thereto by virtue of any provision contained in this Agreement or any Transaction Document, and that no insurer or any other Third Party shall be entitled to a “windfall” (e.g., a benefit they would not be entitled to receive in the absence of the indemnification or release provisions) by virtue of any provision contained in this Agreement or any Transaction Document. Each Party shall, and shall cause its Subsidiaries to, use commercially reasonable efforts to collect or recover, or allow the Indemnifying Party to collect or recover, any Insurance Proceeds that may be collectible or recoverable respecting the Liabilities for which indemnification may be available under this Article IV. Notwithstanding the foregoing, an Indemnifying Party may not delay making any indemnification payment required under the terms of this Agreement, or otherwise satisfying any indemnification obligation, pending the outcome of any Proceeding to collect or recover Insurance Proceeds, and an Indemnitee need not attempt to collect any Insurance Proceeds prior to making a claim for indemnification or receiving any Indemnity Payment otherwise owed to it under this Agreement or any Transaction Document.
Section 4.05    Procedures for Indemnification of Third Party Claims.
(a)    Notice of Claims. If an Indemnitee receives notice of the assertion or commencement by a Third Party of any Proceeding against the Indemnitee with respect to which the Indemnitee believes that Organon (in the case of a Merck Indemnitee) or Merck (in the case of an Organon Indemnitee) is obligated to provide indemnification to such Indemnitee pursuant to this Agreement or any Transaction Document (collectively, a “Third Party Claim”), such Indemnitee shall (if such notice is received following the date of this Agreement) give such Indemnifying Party notice thereof within 30 days (or sooner if the nature of the Third Party Claim so requires) after becoming aware of such Third Party Claim. The notice must describe the Third Party Claim in reasonable detail or, in the alternative, include copies of all notices and documents (including court papers) received by the Indemnitee relating to the Third Party Claim. Notwithstanding the foregoing, the failure of any Indemnitee to give the notice as provided in this Section 4.05(a) shall not relieve the related Indemnifying Party of its obligations under this Article IV, except to the extent that such Indemnifying Party is actually prejudiced as a result of such failure to give the notice in accordance with this Section 4.05(a).
(b)    Control of Defense. Subject to Section 5.04, an Indemnitee may request that the Indemnifying Party defend (and seek to settle or compromise), at its own expense and with its own counsel, any Third Party Claim (or, to the extent possible, only that portion of the Third Party Claim for which indemnification is sought). Within 30 days after the receipt of a notice from an Indemnitee in accordance with Section 4.05(a) (or sooner, if the nature of the Third Party Claim so requires), the Indemnifying Party shall provide a notice to the Indemnitee indicating whether the Indemnifying Party shall, if requested to do so, assume responsibility for defending the Third Party Claim and specifying any reservations or exceptions to its defense. If an Indemnifying Party does not assume responsibility for defending any Third Party Claim or fails to notify an Indemnitee of its election within 30 days after receipt of a notice from an Indemnitee as provided in Section 4.05(a), then the Indemnitee that is the subject of such Third Party Claim shall be entitled to continue to conduct and control the defense of such Third Party Claim.
 
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(c)    Allocation of Defense Costs. If an Indemnifying Party has assumed the defense of a Third Party Claim, whether with or without any reservations or exceptions with respect to such defense, then such Indemnifying Party shall be solely liable for all fees and expenses incurred by it in connection with the defense of such Third Party Claim and shall not be entitled to seek any indemnification or reimbursement from the Indemnitee for any such fees or expenses incurred during the course of its defense of such Third Party Claim, regardless of any subsequent decision by the Indemnifying Party to reject or otherwise abandon its assumption of any particular argument or defense. If an Indemnifying Party elects not to assume responsibility for defending any Third Party Claim or fails to notify an Indemnitee of its election within 30 days after receipt of a notice from an Indemnitee as provided in Section 4.05(a), and the Indemnitee conducts and controls the defense of such Third Party Claim, then the Indemnifying Party shall be liable for all fees and expenses incurred by the Indemnitee in good faith in connection with the defense of such Third Party Claim. If an Indemnifying Party elects to assume responsibility for defending any Third Party Claim and elects to continue with the counsel previously retained by the Indemnitee, the Indemnifying Party shall be liable for all fees and expenses incurred in connection with the defense of such Third Party Claim after responsibility is assumed by the Indemnifying Party.
(d)    Right to Monitor and Participate. An Indemnitee that does not conduct and control the defense of any Third Party Claim, or an Indemnifying Party that has failed to assume the defense of any Third Party Claim as contemplated hereby, nevertheless shall have the right to employ separate counsel (including local counsel as necessary) of its own choosing to monitor and participate in (but not control) the defense of any Third Party Claim for which it is a potential Indemnitee or Indemnifying Party, but the fees and expenses of such counsel shall be at their own expense, and the provisions of Section 4.05(c) shall not apply to such fees and expenses. Notwithstanding the foregoing, subject to Sections 6.06 and 6.07, each non-controlling Person shall reasonably cooperate with the Person entitled to conduct and control the defense of such Third Party Claim in such defense and make available to the controlling Person, at the non-controlling Person’s expense, those witnesses, information and materials in such Person’s possession or under such Person’s control relating thereto as are reasonably required by the controlling Person (provided that the controlling Person shall cooperate with the non-controlling Person to limit any requests for information or depositions from the non-controlling Person). Each non-controlling Person shall receive regular, periodic updates on a schedule to be agreed to with the controlling Person. In addition to the foregoing, if any Indemnitee shall in good faith determine that such Indemnitee and the Indemnifying Party have actual or potential differing defenses or conflicts of interest between them that make joint representation inappropriate, then the Indemnitee shall have the right to employ separate counsel (including local counsel as necessary) and to participate in (but not control) the defense, compromise, or settlement thereof, and the Indemnifying Party shall bear the reasonable fees and expenses of such counsel for all Indemnitees.
(e)    No Settlement. Except with respect to the Indemnitee if the Indemnifying Party has not assumed the defense of the Third Party Claim in accordance with the terms of this Agreement, no Party (or any Subsidiary thereof) may settle or compromise any Third Party Claim for which any Indemnitee is seeking to be indemnified hereunder without the prior written consent of the other Party (which consent may not be unreasonably withheld, conditioned or delayed), unless such settlement or compromise is solely for monetary damages, does not involve any finding or determination of wrongdoing or violation of Law by any non-Affiliate Party and provides for a full, unconditional and irrevocable release of each other non-Affiliate Party from all Liability in connection with the Third Party Claim.
 
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(f)    Allocation of Proceeding Liabilities. The Parties acknowledge that Liabilities for Proceedings (regardless of the parties to the applicable Proceeding) may be partly Merck Liabilities and partly Organon Liabilities. If the Parties cannot agree on an allocation of any such Liabilities for Proceedings (or such matters or types of matters have not been allocated or addressed either in the definition of Organon Liabilities, in Schedule 1.01(m) or Schedule 5.04, or otherwise as set forth in this Agreement or any Transaction Document), they shall resolve the matter pursuant to the procedures set forth in Article VIII. Neither Party shall, nor shall either Party permit its Subsidiaries to, file Third Party claims or cross-claims against the other Party or its Subsidiaries in a Proceeding in which a Third Party Claim is being resolved.
(g)    Cooperation as to Removal. Each of the Parties agrees that at all times from and after the Effective Time, if a Proceeding is commenced by a Third Party naming two or more Parties (or any Affiliates of such Parties) as defendants and with respect to which one or more named Parties (or any Affiliates of such Parties) is a nominal defendant and/or such Proceeding is related solely to an Asset or Liability that the other Party has been allocated under this Agreement or any Transaction Document, then the other Party or Parties shall use commercially reasonable efforts to cause such nominal defendant to be removed from such Proceeding, as soon as reasonably practicable.
Section 4.06    Additional Matters.
(a)    Timing of Payments. Indemnity Payments or contribution payments in respect of any Liabilities for which an Indemnitee is entitled to indemnification or contribution under this Article IV shall be paid reasonably promptly (but in any event within sixty (60) days of the final determination of the amount that the Indemnitee is entitled to indemnification or contribution under this Article IV). Upon demand, the Indemnitee shall provide reasonably satisfactory documentation setting forth the basis for the amount of such Indemnity Payments or contribution payments, including documentation with respect to calculations made and consideration of any Insurance Proceeds that actually reduce the amount of such Liabilities. The indemnity and contribution provisions contained in this Article IV shall remain operative and in full force and effect, regardless of (i) any investigation made by or on behalf of any Indemnitee; and (ii) the knowledge by the Indemnitee of Liabilities for which it might be entitled to indemnification or contribution hereunder.
(b)    Notice of Direct Claims. An Indemnitee shall give the Indemnifying Party notice of any matter that an Indemnitee has determined has given, or will likely give rise to, a right of indemnification under this Agreement or any Transaction Document (other than a Third Party Claim which shall be governed by Section 4.05(a)), within 30 days of such determination, stating the amount being sought, if known, and method of computation thereof, and containing a reference to the provisions of this Agreement in respect of which such right of indemnification is claimed by such Indemnitee or arises; provided, however, that the failure of any Indemnitee to give the notice provided in this Section 4.05(b) shall not relieve the Indemnifying Party of its obligations under this Article IV, except to the extent that the Indemnifying Party shall have been actually prejudiced as a result of such failure. The Indemnifying Party will have a period of 30 days after
 
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receipt of a notice under this Section 4.05(b) within which to respond thereto. If such Indemnifying Party responds within such period and rejects such claim in whole or in part, the disputed matter shall be resolved in accordance with Article VIII.
(c)    Subrogation. In the event of payment by or on behalf of any Indemnifying Party to any Indemnitee in connection with any Third Party Claim, such Indemnifying Party shall be subrogated to and shall stand in the place of such Indemnitee as to any events or circumstances in respect of which such Indemnitee may have any right, defense or claim relating to such Third Party Claim against any claimant or plaintiff asserting such Third Party Claim or against any other Person. Such Indemnitee shall cooperate with such Indemnifying Party in a reasonable manner, and at the cost and expense of such Indemnifying Party, in prosecuting any subrogated right, defense or claim.
(d)    Pursuit of Claims Against Third Parties. If (i) a Party incurs any Liability arising out of this Agreement or any Transaction Document; (ii) an adequate legal or equitable remedy is not available for any reason against the other Party to satisfy the Liability incurred by the incurring Party; and (iii) a legal or equitable remedy may be available to the other Party against a Third Party for such Liability, then the other Party shall use its commercially reasonable efforts to cooperate with the incurring Party, at the incurring Party’s expense, to permit the incurring Party to obtain the benefits of such legal or equitable remedy against the Third Party.
(e)    Limitations on Subrogation Rights and Pursuit of Claims. Notwithstanding Sections 4.06(c) and 4.06(d), without the prior written consent of the Indemnitee (which shall not be unreasonably withheld), no Indemnifying Party shall have the right to pursue claims not directly available to it, or otherwise cause any Indemnitee to pursue any such claims, against Third Parties (other than insurance providers) with whom any Indemnitee (or Affiliate thereof) has a material commercial relationship, if such Indemnitee (or Affiliate thereof) determines in good faith that the pursuit of such claim would reasonably be expected to materially disrupt or diminish the commercial relationship with such Third Party.
Section 4.07    Right of Contribution.
(a)    Contribution. If any right of indemnification contained in Section 4.02 or 4.03 is held unenforceable or is unavailable for any reason, or is insufficient to hold harmless an Indemnitee in respect of any Liability for which such Indemnitee is entitled to indemnification hereunder, then the Indemnifying Party shall contribute to the amounts paid or payable by the Indemnitees as a result of such Liability (or actions in respect thereof) in such proportion as is appropriate to reflect the relative fault of the Indemnifying Party and its Subsidiaries, on the one hand, and the Indemnitee’s entitlement to contribution, on the other hand, as well as any other relevant equitable considerations.
(b)    Allocation of Relative Fault. Solely for purposes of determining relative fault pursuant to this Section 4.07: (i) any fault associated with the business conducted with the Deferred Organon Local Businesses, Delayed Organon Assets or Delayed Organon Liabilities (except for the intentional misconduct of Merck or a Merck Subsidiary) or with the ownership, operation or activities of the Organon Business prior to the Effective Time shall be deemed to be the fault of Organon and the Organon Subsidiaries, and no such fault shall be deemed to be the
 
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fault of Merck or a Merck Subsidiary; and (ii) any fault associated with the business conducted with Delayed Merck Assets or Delayed Merck Liabilities (except for the intentional misconduct of Organon or an Organon Subsidiary) or with the ownership, operation or activities of the Merck Business prior to the Effective Time shall be deemed to be the fault of Merck and the Merck Subsidiaries, and no such fault shall be deemed to be the fault of Organon or an Organon Subsidiary. For the avoidance of doubt, this Section 4.07(b) shall not affect the Parties’ indemnification obligations set forth in this Article IV.
(c)    Contribution Procedures. The provisions of Sections 4.04 through 4.10 and Sections 5.05 through 5.06 shall govern any contribution claims.
Section 4.08    Covenant Not to Sue. Each Party hereby covenants and agrees that none of it, its Subsidiaries or any Person claiming through it shall bring suit or otherwise assert any claim against any Indemnitee, or assert a defense against any claim asserted by any Indemnitee, before any court, arbitrator, neutral mediator or administrative agency anywhere in the world, alleging that: (a) the assumption of any Organon Liabilities by Organon and the Organon Subsidiaries on the terms and conditions set forth in this Agreement and the Transaction Documents is void or unenforceable for any reason; (b) the retention of any Merck Liabilities by Merck and the Merck Subsidiaries on the terms and conditions set forth in this Agreement and the Transaction Documents is void or unenforceable for any reason; or (c) the provisions of this Article IV are void or unenforceable for any reason.
Section 4.09    Remedies Not Cumulative. The remedies provided in this Article IV shall be the sole monetary remedies available in respect of this Agreement.
Section 4.10    Survival of Indemnities. The rights and obligations of each of the Parties and their respective Indemnitees under this Article IV shall survive (a) the sale or other transfer by either Party or any of its respective Subsidiaries of any assets or businesses or the assignment by it of any Liabilities; or (b) any merger, consolidation, business combination, sale of all or substantially all of the assets, restructuring, recapitalization, reorganization or similar transaction involving either Party or any of its respective Subsidiaries.
Section 4.11    Party Responsible for Indemnity Payment. All Indemnity Payments under this Agreement shall be made by the Indemnifying Party to the Indemnitee entitled to indemnification; provided, however, that if the Parties mutually agree with respect to any such Indemnity Payment, Merck or any of its Affiliates, on the one hand, may make such Indemnity Payment to Organon or any of its Affiliates, on the other hand, and vice versa. All Indemnity Payments shall be treated in the manner described in Section 5.05.
ARTICLE V
CERTAIN OTHER MATTERS
Section 5.01    No Right to Use Regulatory Information. Except as otherwise expressly set forth in another Transaction Document: (a) none of Merck or any of the Merck Subsidiaries shall have a right of reference to or otherwise be entitled to use the regulatory filings or other regulatory information to the extent exclusively related to any Organon Products; and (b) none of Organon or any of the Organon Subsidiaries shall have a right of reference to or otherwise be entitled to use the regulatory filings or other regulatory information owned or controlled by Merck or any of the Merck Subsidiaries for any products in the Merck Business.
 
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Section 5.02    Directors and Officers Insurance; Fiduciary Liability Insurance.
(a)    Prior to the Effective Time, Merck shall obtain a directors and officers liability (“D&O”) run-off or tail insurance policy or program (including excess insurance layers), for claims first made after the Effective Time resulting from or based on actual or alleged wrongful acts that occurred prior to the Effective Time and arising out of or relating to any of Organon, the Organon Subsidiaries and the Organon Business, with a policy period of at least six years from and after the Effective Time, with insureds including: (i) any Persons who, as of or at any time prior to the Effective Time, are or have been directors, officers or insureds of Merck or the Merck Subsidiaries; (ii) any Persons who, as of or at any time prior to the Effective Time, are or have been directors or officers of Organon or the Organon Subsidiaries; and (iii) with respect to classes or categories of claims, demands and other matters covered by the D&O insurance maintained by Merck immediately prior to the Effective Time, Merck and the Merck Subsidiaries and Organon and the Organon Subsidiaries and the Organon Business. Organon shall bear the full cost of purchase of such D&O insurance run-off or tail insurance policy or program, and shall pay or reimburse Merck for any payment by Merck of premiums and costs of, associated with or arising from such purchase. The coverages of such D&O run-off or tail insurance shall be consistent with the D&O insurance maintained by Merck immediately prior to the Effective Time, except it is expressly contemplated that: (iv) liabilities related to the transactions reflected in and contemplated by this Agreement that typically are covered by D&O insurance programs will be covered by such run-off or tail insurance; (v) the policy limits, policy period(s) and self-insured retention(s) applicable to such run-off or tail insurance need not be consistent with the D&O insurance maintained by Merck immediately prior to the Effective Time, but shall be commercially available at reasonable cost and reasonably consistent with benchmarking materials applicable to a company conducting a business similar to the Organon Business, considering metrics such as anticipated market capitalization, revenue or any other metrics that as of the Effective Time may reasonably be anticipated for Organon after the Effective Time; (vi) Organon’s responsibilities to indemnify (and defend or reimburse defense costs of) Merck Indemnitees will be covered by such D&O run-off or tail insurance; and (vii) such D&O run-off or tail insurance may include provisions excluding coverage for Loss arising from wrongful acts occurring after the Effective Time. Organon and the Organon Subsidiaries shall be responsible for all self-insured retentions or deductibles applicable to any claims under the D&O run-off or tail policies or programs.
(b)    Prior to the Effective Time, Merck shall obtain a fiduciary liability insurance policy or program (including excess insurance layers) (the “Organon Fiduciary Liability Program”), for claims first made after the Effective Time resulting from or based on actual or alleged wrongful acts in connection with domestic and foreign welfare plans, pension plans, retirement plans, non-qualified plans, plans in development and other such plans which may be covered by fiduciary liability insurance (collectively “Fiduciary Liability Plans”) developed, organized, administered or managed by Organon and the Organon Subsidiaries and the Organon Business (as the Organon Business exists as of immediately after the Effective Time). Organon shall bear the full cost of purchase of such Organon Fiduciary Liability Program, and shall pay or reimburse Merck for any payment by Merck of premiums and costs of, associated with or arising from such purchase. The coverages of the Organon Fiduciary Liability Program shall be consistent
 
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with the fiduciary liability insurance maintained by Merck immediately prior to the Effective Time, except it is expressly contemplated that: (i) liabilities related to the transactions reflected in and contemplated by this Agreement that typically are covered by fiduciary liability insurance will be covered by existing Merck fiduciary liability insurance (and may be covered also by the Organon Fiduciary Liability Program); (ii) the policy limits, policy period(s) and self-insured retention(s) applicable to the Organon Fiduciary Liability Program need not be consistent with the fiduciary liability insurance maintained by Merck immediately prior to the Effective Time, but shall be commercially available at reasonable cost and reasonably consistent with benchmarking materials applicable to a company conducting a business similar to the Organon Business, with anticipated metrics such as retirement plan assets and any other metrics that as of the Effective Time may reasonably be anticipated for Organon after the Effective Time; (iii) the Organon Fiduciary Liability Program shall provide coverage for prior acts including liabilities related to the transactions reflected in and contemplated by this Agreement including the development, planning and organization of Fiduciary Liability Plans for or to be administered or managed by Organon and the Organon Subsidiaries and the Organon Business; and (iv) the Organon Fiduciary Liability Program shall be primary and first to respond with respect to claims involving the Merck Fiduciary Liability Insureds. Organon and the Organon Subsidiaries shall maintain a fiduciary liability insurance program with coverage no less broad and limits no less than those in the Organon Fiduciary Liability Program as long as Organon and the Organon Subsidiaries face potential liability for claims for wrongful acts in connection with Fiduciary Liability Plans developed, organized, administered or managed by Organon and the Organon Subsidiaries and the Organon Business, and in no event for less than six years following the Effective Time, and sub-parts (iii) through (iv) of this paragraph shall apply to the Organon Fiduciary Liability Program at all times.
Section 5.03    Certain Other Insurance Matters.
(a)    Organon acknowledges and agrees, on its own behalf and on behalf of each of the Organon Subsidiaries and Organon Indemnitees, that, from and after the Effective Time, neither Organon nor any of the Organon Subsidiaries nor any of the Organon Indemnitees shall have any rights to or under any of Merck’s or the Merck Subsidiaries’ insurance policies, except as expressly provided in this Agreement or any Transaction Document.
(b)    Notwithstanding Section 5.03(a), from and after the Effective Time, with respect to any Liability incurred by Organon or any of the Organon Subsidiaries or Organon Indemnitees prior to the Effective Time (or, with respect to any Deferred Organon Local Business, prior to the Local Closing Date), and except with respect to any Directors and Officers or Management Liability insurance policies other than the tail or run-off provided for under Section 5.02(a), to the extent reasonably possible, Merck or the Merck Subsidiary that is insured thereunder will undertake commercially reasonable efforts to cause the applicable insurance company or companies to (i) continue to provide Organon and the Organon Subsidiaries and Organon Indemnitees with access to and coverage under the applicable insurance policies, and (ii) reasonably cooperate with Organon and the Organon Subsidiaries and Organon Indemnitees and take commercially reasonable actions as reasonably may be requested to assist Organon and the Organon Subsidiaries and Organon Indemnitees in connection with such claims under applicable insurance policies; provided, that Organon shall in any event be solely responsible for any and all applicable deductibles, self-insured retentions, retrospective premiums, claims-handling charges, co-payments or any other expenses, charges or fees relating to such claims, including, without
 
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limitation, expenses, charges or fees of Merck personnel. In furtherance thereof, except as otherwise addressed in another Transaction Document, to the extent Merck or any of the Merck Subsidiaries is billed by an insurance carrier or a third-party administrator (including under any workers compensation or auto liability policies) for claims that constitute Organon Liabilities or that Merck pays for such claims within a deductible or self-insured retention, Merck shall submit a statement to Organon following the end of each quarter (or with such lesser frequency as may be appropriate) setting forth the amount of such claims, and Organon shall reimburse Merck within 30 days any amounts paid by it in respect of such Organon Liabilities. Notwithstanding the foregoing, neither Merck nor the insurance company or any Merck Subsidiary shall be required to maintain any such insurance policies. For the avoidance of doubt, if an accident, first loss or first occurrence date is after the Effective Time (or, with respect to any Deferred Organon Local Business, after the Local Closing Date), or with respect to any claims-made policies the claim first is made after the Effective Time and is not provided for in Section 5.03(a) or 5.03(b), then no payment for any damages, settlement(s), indemnification(s), costs of defense or any other sums with respect to such accident, first loss, first occurrence or claim shall be available to Organon or the Organon Subsidiaries and Organon Indemnitees under any such insurance policies. Neither Organon nor any Organon Subsidiary or Organon Indemnitee, in connection with making a claim under any insurance policy of Merck or any Merck Subsidiary pursuant to this Section 5.03(b), shall take, nor shall Merck or any Merck Subsidiary be required to take, any action that would be reasonably likely to: (A) have an adverse impact on the then-current relationship between Merck or any Merck Subsidiary or Merck Indemnitee, on the one hand, and the applicable insurance company, on the other hand; (B) result in the applicable insurance company terminating, materially changing or reducing coverage, or increasing the amount of any premium owed by Merck or any Merck Subsidiary under the applicable insurance policy; or (C) otherwise compromise, jeopardize or interfere with the rights of Merck or any Merck Subsidiary or Merck Indemnitee under the applicable insurance policy. At all times, the Parties shall, and shall cause their respective Subsidiaries and Indemnitees to, cooperate with reasonable requests for information by the other Party or the insurance companies regarding any such insurance policy claim.
(c)    At the Effective Time, Organon shall have in effect all insurance programs required to comply with Organon’s statutory, contractual and regulatory obligations and all such other insurance policies as are reasonably necessary or customary for companies operating a business similar to the Organon Business in every jurisdiction in which Organon may operate or face potentially covered exposures. Such insurance programs shall include, without limitation, general and excess liability, commercial auto liability, workers’ compensation, employers liability, professional services liability, cargo, cyber, employment practices liability, employee dishonesty/crime, D&O liability, fiduciary liability (specifically as provided in Section 5.02(b)), property (including business income and additional and other customary extensions and types of coverage provided to businesses similar to the Organon Business) and, to the extent Organon or the Organon Subsidiaries participate in any clinical trials, clinical trial coverage.
(d)    Organon agrees, on its own behalf and on behalf of the Organon Subsidiaries, that, from the Effective Time until the sixth anniversary of the Effective Time, in addition to the requirements of Section 5.01, it or they shall request of all insurance companies that Merck and the Merck Subsidiaries shall be named as additional insureds or loss payee, whichever is appropriate, under Organon’s or the Organon Subsidiaries’ insurance policies in respect of any Merck Liabilities arising out of the Organon Business or any accidents, occurrences
 
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or actual or alleged wrongful acts or omissions prior to the Effective Time, and provide Merck with proof of such status as additional insured or loss payee. Organon and the Organon Subsidiaries shall indemnify, hold harmless and reimburse Merck and the Merck Subsidiaries and Merck Indemnitees for any and all costs or expenses incurred by Merck or the Merck Subsidiaries or Merck Indemnitees to the extent resulting from any of Organon’s or the Organon Subsidiaries’ insurance policies in which Merck or any of the Merck Subsidiaries are named as additional insureds, including, without limitation, costs or expenses of or associated with any deductibles, self-insured retentions or uninsured losses, including, without limitation, under the D&O run-off or tail policies or programs referenced in Section 5.02(a).
(e)    Neither Merck nor any of the Merck Subsidiaries shall have any obligation to secure extended reporting for any claims under any of Merck’s or the Merck Subsidiaries’ claims-made or occurrence-reported liability policies for any acts or omissions by Organon or any Organon Subsidiary or Organon Indemnitee incurred prior to the Effective Time.
(f)    This Agreement shall not be considered as a contract of insurance and shall not be construed to waive any right or remedy of either Merck or any Merck Subsidiary or Merck Indemnitee in respect of any of the Merck insurance policies and programs, or any other contract or policy of insurance or any claim whatsoever.
Section 5.04    Procedures Related to Certain Proceedings.
(a)    Without limiting the provisions of Section 4.05, the Parties acknowledge and agree that Organon shall exclusively conduct and control the defense, settlement and/or other resolution of the Organon Proceedings and Merck shall exclusively conduct and control the defense, settlement and/or other resolution of the Merck Proceedings. Each Party agrees that if the other Party is wrongly named in its claim, such Party shall use commercially reasonable efforts to remove the wrongly named Party from the claim and shall consult with the wrongly named Party until its removal from the claim.
(b)    A list of Proceedings asserted against, involving or potentially involving both Merck, the Merck Subsidiaries and/or the Merck Business and Organon, the Organon Subsidiaries and/or the Organon Business as of the date hereof for which costs and liability will be shared is set forth on Schedule 5.04 (the “Shared Existing Proceedings”) together with (x) the Party allocated responsibility to conduct and control the defense, settlement and/or other resolution of such matters (such named Party, the “Controlling Party”) and (y) unless otherwise agreed by the Controlling Party and the other Party (the “Non-Controlling Party”), each Party’s respective share of costs and liability for any such Shared Existing Proceeding.
(c)    With respect to any Proceedings arising after the date hereof that implicates both Parties in any material respect due to the allocation of Liabilities, responsibilities for management of defense and related indemnities pursuant to this Agreement or any of the Transaction Documents, the Parties agree the Party that has primary responsibility for Liabilities arising in connection with such Proceeding shall be the Controlling Party with respect to such Proceeding (unless the control of such defense has otherwise been allocated or addressed in Schedule 1.01(m), Schedule 5.04, or otherwise as set forth in this Agreement or any Transaction Document). To the extent that the Parties’ respective share of costs and liability with respect to
 
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any such Proceeding is not set forth on Schedule 5.04, the Parties shall negotiate in good-faith to allocate responsibility for such costs and liability based on the extent to which such Proceeding relates, on the one hand, to Organon, the Organon Business, an Organon Asset and an Organon Liability, and, on the other hand, Merck, the Merck Business, a Merck Asset and a Merck Liability.
(d)    The Parties shall, and shall cause their respective Affiliates to, cooperate in the defense and settlement of any Proceeding described in Section 5.04(b)-(c). The Controlling Party shall use its commercially reasonable efforts to include the Non-Controlling Party in the defense and resolution of any Proceeding described in Section 5.04(b)-(c); provided, however, that the Non-Controlling Party shall be responsible for its proportionate share of any costs and expenses incurred in connection therewith (including its share of any settlement, judgement, award or other resolution and any incremental cost to the Controlling Party of including the Non-Controlling Party in such settlement); provided further, that the Non-Controlling Party shall be permitted in good faith to opt out of any settlement if the Non-Controlling Party agrees to be responsible for defending and settling any remaining claims with respect to such Proceeding.
Section 5.05    Treatment of Payments for Tax Purposes. For all Tax purposes, in the absence of any change in Tax treatment under the Code or other applicable Tax Law, the Parties agree to treat (a) any payment required by this Agreement (other than payments with respect to interest accruing after the Effective Time) as either a contribution by Merck to Organon or a distribution by Organon to Merck, as the case may be, occurring immediately prior to the Effective Time or as a payment of an assumed or retained Liability and (b) any payment of interest as taxable or deductible, as the case may be, to the Party entitled under this Agreement to retain such payment or required under this Agreement to make such payment, in either case except as otherwise required by applicable Law.
Section 5.06    Post-Effective Time Conduct. The Parties acknowledge that, after the Effective Time, each Party shall be independent of the other Party, with responsibility for its own actions and inactions and its own Liabilities relating to, arising out of or resulting from the conduct of its business, operations and activities following the Effective Time, except as may otherwise be provided herein or in any Transaction Document, and each Party shall (except as otherwise provided in Article IV, including Sections 4.02 and 4.03) use commercially reasonable efforts to prevent such Liabilities from being inappropriately borne by the other Party.
Section 5.07    Use of Retained Names and Marks. Organon hereby acknowledges that Merck or its Affiliates or its or their licensors own all right, title and interest in and to the company names (including the Merck Licensed Names), trade names, logos, trade dress and other Trademarks, together with all variations, translations, transliterations and acronyms thereof and all company names (including the Merck Licensed Names), Trademarks, internet domain names, social media accounts, addresses and all other identifiers and other identifiers of source or goodwill containing, incorporating or associated with any of the foregoing, excluding, on and after the Distribution Date, Intellectual Property included in the Organon Assets (collectively, the “Retained Names and Marks”), and that, except as expressly provided herein or in the IP License Agreements, any and all right of Organon to use the Retained Names and Marks shall terminate as of the Distribution Date and shall immediately revert to Merck or its Affiliates, along with any and all goodwill associated therewith. Organon further acknowledges that it has no rights in any of the Retained Names and Marks, and that it is not acquiring any rights, directly or indirectly, to use the Retained Names and Marks, except as expressly provided herein or in the IP License Agreements.
 
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ARTICLE VI
EXCHANGE OF INFORMATION; CONFIDENTIALITY[; SECURITY]
Section 6.01    Agreement for Exchange of Information; Archives.
(a)    Exchange of Information. Except as otherwise provided in any Transaction Document, each of Merck and Organon, on behalf of itself and its respective Subsidiaries and Affiliates, shall use commercially reasonable efforts to provide or make available, or cause to be provided or made available, to the other Party or its applicable Subsidiaries, at any time before or after the Effective Time, as soon as reasonably practicable after written request therefor, any Information (or a copy thereof) in the possession or under the control of either Party or any of its Subsidiaries to the extent that (i) such Information reasonably relates to the Organon Business, or any Organon Asset or Organon Liability, if Organon is the requesting Party, or to the Merck Business, or any Merck Assets or Merck Liability, if Merck is the requesting Party; (ii) such Information is required by the requesting Party to comply with its (or its applicable Subsidiaries’) obligations under this Agreement or any Transaction Document; or (iii) such Information is required by the requesting Party to comply with any obligation imposed by any Governmental Authority; provided, however, that, in the event that the Party to whom the request has been made determines that any such provision of Information could be commercially detrimental, violate any Law or agreement, or waive any attorney-client privilege or other applicable privileges or immunities from disclosure, then the Parties shall use commercially reasonable efforts to permit compliance with such obligations to the extent and in a manner that avoids any such harm or consequence. The Party providing Information pursuant to this Section 6.01(a) shall only be obligated to provide such Information in the form, condition and format in which it then exists and in no event shall such Party be required to perform any improvement, modification, conversion, updating or reformatting of any such Information, and nothing in this Section 6.01(a) shall expand the obligations of the Parties under Section 6.03.
(b)    Access to Specified Information. Without limiting the generality of the foregoing or the terms of any other Transaction Document, until the first Organon fiscal year end occurring during the year of the Distribution Date (and for a reasonable period of time afterwards as required for each of Merck and Organon to prepare consolidated financial statements or complete a financial statement audit for the fiscal year during which the Distribution Date occurs), each of Merck and Organon shall use its commercially reasonable efforts to cooperate with the other Party’s Information requests to enable (i) the other Party to meet its timetable for dissemination of its earnings releases, financial statements and management’s assessment of the effectiveness of its disclosure controls and procedures and its internal control over financial reporting in accordance with Items 307 and 308, respectively, of Regulation S-K promulgated under the Exchange Act; and (ii) the other Party’s accountants to timely complete their review of the quarterly financial statements and audit of the annual financial statements, including, to the extent applicable to such Party, its auditor’s audit of its internal control over financial reporting and management’s assessment thereof in accordance with Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, the SEC’s and Public Company Accounting Oversight Board’s rules and auditing standards thereunder and any other applicable Laws.
 
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(c)    Compensation for Providing Information. The Party requesting Information agrees to reimburse the other Party for the reasonable costs, if any, of creating, gathering, redacting (where required), copying, transporting and otherwise complying with the request with respect to such Information (including any reasonable costs and expenses incurred in any review of Information for purposes of protecting the Privileged Information of the providing Party or in connection with the restoration of backup media for purposes of providing the requested Information). Except as may be otherwise specifically provided elsewhere in this Agreement or in any Transaction Document, such costs shall be computed in accordance with the providing Party’s standard methodology and procedures.
Section 6.02    Ownership of Information. The provision of any Information pursuant to Section 6.01 shall not affect the ownership of such Information (which shall be determined solely in accordance with the terms of this Agreement and the Transaction Documents), or constitute the grant of rights in or to any such Information.
Section 6.03    Stored Records.
(a)    The Parties agree and acknowledge that it is not practicable to separate all Tangible Information belonging to the Parties or their Subsidiaries, and that following the Effective Time, each Party (or its Subsidiaries) will have some of the Tangible Information belonging to the other Party and its Subsidiaries stored under its care, custody or control at internal or Third Party records storage locations or otherwise (which may include data on servers) (each, a “Records Facility”). Tangible Information held in a Records Facility maintained or arranged for by the Party other than the Party that owns such Tangible Information is referred to as “Stored Records.” The Party that maintains the Records Facility where Stored Records are held is referred to as the “Custodial Party” and the Party that owns the Stored Records held in the other Party’s Records Facility is referred to as the “Non-Custodial Party.” The Non-Custodial Party agrees to reimburse the Custodial Party for storage costs pursuant to the terms of the Transition Services Agreements during their effectiveness and then pursuant to Section 6.01(c) hereof. The Custodial Party shall make such Stored Records available to the Non-Custodial Party upon its request. The Non-Custodial Party agrees to reimburse the Custodial Party for the reasonable costs, if any, of creating, gathering, redacting (where required), copying, storing, transporting and otherwise complying with the request to provide or make available such Stored Records (including any reasonable costs and expenses incurred in connection with the restoration of backup media for purposes of providing the requested Stored Records). Except as may be otherwise specifically provided elsewhere in this Agreement or in any Transaction Document, such costs shall be computed in accordance with the providing Party’s standard methodology and procedures.
(b)    Each Party shall use commercially reasonable efforts: (i) to maintain the Stored Records as to which it is the Custodial Party in accordance with its regular records retention policies and procedures and the terms of this Section 6.03; and (ii) to comply with the requirements of any “Litigation Hold” that relates to Stored Records as to which it is the Custodial Party that relate to (x) any Proceeding that is pending as of the Effective Time; or (y) any Proceeding that arises or becomes threatened or reasonably anticipated after the Effective Time as to which the Custodial Party has received a written preservation notice of the applicable “Litigation Hold” from the Non-Custodial Party to which the Stored Records are subject. Upon the termination of any “Litigation Hold” related to Stored Records, the Non-Custodial shall promptly notify the Custodial
 
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Party so that the Custodial Party can destroy the relevant Stored Records where appropriate. Each Party agrees, with respect to the Stored Records as to which it is the Custodial Party, to notify the Non-Custodial Party in the event of a data loss or cyber event that affects the Stored Records of the Non-Custodial Party.
Section 6.04    Limitations of Liability. Neither Party shall have any Liability to the other Party in the event that any Information exchanged or provided pursuant to this Agreement is found to be inaccurate in the absence of willful misconduct by the Party providing such Information. Neither Party nor any of its Subsidiaries shall have any Liability to the other Party or any of its Subsidiaries if any Information is destroyed after commercially reasonable efforts by such Party to comply with the provisions of this Article VI.
Section 6.05    Other Agreements Providing for Exchange of Information.
(a)    The rights and obligations set forth under this Article VI are subject to any specific limitations, qualifications or additional provisions on the sharing, exchange, retention or confidential treatment of Information set forth in any Transaction Document. For the avoidance of doubt, in the case of any conflict or inconsistency between this Article VI and the Tax Matters Agreement or the JDA, the Tax Matters Agreement or the JDA, as applicable, shall prevail.
(b)    Either Party that receives, pursuant to a request for Information in accordance with this Article VI, Tangible Information that is not relevant to its request shall (i) return it to the providing Party or, at the providing Party’s request, destroy such Tangible Information; and (ii) deliver to the providing Party confirmation that such Tangible Information was returned or destroyed, as the case may be.
(c)    When any Tangible Information provided by one Party to the other Party (other than Tangible Information provided pursuant to Section 6.03) is no longer needed for the purposes contemplated by this Agreement or any Transaction Document or is no longer required to be retained by applicable Law, the receiving Party shall promptly, after request of the other Party, either return to the other Party all Tangible Information in the form in which it was originally provided (including all copies thereof and all notes, extracts or summaries based thereon) or, if the providing Party has requested that the other Party destroy such Tangible Information, confirm to the other Party that it has destroyed such Tangible Information (and such copies thereof and such notes, extracts or summaries based thereon); provided that this obligation to return or destroy such Tangible Information shall not apply to any Tangible Information solely related to the receiving Party’s business, Assets, Liabilities, operations or activities.
Section 6.06    Production of Witnesses; Records; Cooperation. Notwithstanding any provisions of Article VI to the contrary, after the Distribution, each Party shall use commercially reasonable efforts to assist (or cause its Subsidiaries to assist) the other with respect to any Proceeding or potential Proceeding upon the request of such other Party and at such other Party’s sole expense. In addition, each Party shall have the right to request in writing (including on behalf of any of its Subsidiaries) that the other Party use commercially reasonable efforts to make available for consultation or witness purposes, its (or its applicable Subsidiary’s) employees, consultants or agents who have expertise or knowledge with respect to the other Party’s business or products or matters in litigation or alternative dispute resolution to the extent that the requesting
 
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Party believes any such persons may reasonably be required in connection with any legal, administrative or other proceedings in which the requesting Party may from time to time be involved (provided that the requesting Party shall cooperate with the other Party to limit any requests for information or depositions from such Party). Upon such request, the affected Party shall select a person or persons to provide the requested assistance after conferring in good faith to determine which person or persons should provide such assistance, and if commercially reasonable shall use its efforts to make such person or persons available at the requesting Party’s sole expense (at a rate to be mutually and reasonably agreed at such time).
Section 6.07    Privileged Matters.
(a)    The Parties recognize that legal and other professional services that have been and shall be provided prior to the Effective Time have been and shall be rendered for the collective benefit of the Parties and their respective Subsidiaries, and that each Party and its respective Subsidiaries should be deemed to be the client with respect to such services for the purposes of asserting all privileges and immunities that may be asserted under applicable Law in connection therewith.
(b)    The Parties agree as follows:
(i)    Merck shall be entitled, in perpetuity, to control the assertion or waiver of all privileges and immunities in connection with any Privileged Information that relates solely to the Merck Business, whether or not the Privileged Information is in the possession or under the control of Merck or a Merck Subsidiary or Organon or an Organon Subsidiary. Merck shall also be entitled, in perpetuity, to control the assertion or waiver of all privileges and immunities in connection with any Privileged Information that relates solely to any Merck Liabilities resulting from any Proceedings that are now pending or may be asserted in the future, whether or not the Privileged Information is in the possession or under the control of Merck or a Merck Subsidiary or Organon or an Organon Subsidiary.
(ii)    Organon shall be entitled, in perpetuity, to control the assertion or waiver of all privileges and immunities in connection with any Privileged Information that relates solely to the Organon Business, whether or not the Privileged Information is in the possession or under the control of Organon or an Organon Subsidiary or Merck or a Merck Subsidiary. Organon shall also be entitled, in perpetuity, to control the assertion or waiver of all privileges and immunities in connection with any Privileged Information that relates solely to any Organon Liabilities resulting from any Proceedings that are now pending or may be asserted in the future, whether or not the Privileged Information is in the possession or under the control of Organon or an Organon Subsidiary or Merck or a Merck Subsidiary.
(iii)    If Merck and Organon do not agree as to whether certain information is Privileged Information, then the information shall be treated as Privileged Information, and the Party who believes such information is Privileged Information shall be entitled to control the assertion or waiver of all privileges and immunities in connection with any such information unless the Parties otherwise agree. The Parties shall utilize the procedures set forth in Article VIII to resolve any disputes as to whether any information relates solely to the Merck Business, solely to the Organon Business, or to both the Merck Business and the Organon Business.
 
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(c)    Except as otherwise expressly provided in the JDA with respect to Privileged Information shared in the context of defending against existing or potential claims, and subject to Sections 6.07(d) and 6.07(e), the Parties agree that they shall have a shared privilege or immunity with respect to all privileges not allocated pursuant to Section 6.07(b) and all privileges and immunities relating to any Proceedings or other matters that involve both Parties (or one or more of their respective Subsidiaries) and in respect of which both Parties have Liabilities under this Agreement, including with respect to the opinions delivered pursuant to Section 3.05(a)(vii), and that no such shared privilege or immunity may be waived by either Party or any of its Subsidiaries without the consent of the other Party.
(d)    If any dispute arises between Merck and Organon, or any of their respective Subsidiaries, regarding whether a privilege or immunity should be waived to protect or advance the interests of either Party and/or their respective Subsidiaries, each Party agrees that it shall (i) negotiate with the other Party in good faith; and (ii) endeavor to minimize any prejudice to the rights of the other Party or any of its Subsidiaries.
(e)    Upon receipt by Organon or by any of the Organon Subsidiaries of any subpoena, discovery or other request that may reasonably be expected to result in the production or disclosure of information subject to a shared privilege or immunity or as to which Merck or any of the Merck Subsidiaries has the sole right hereunder to assert a privilege or immunity, or if Organon obtains knowledge that any of its, or the Organon Subsidiary’s, current or former directors, officers, agents or employees have received any subpoena, discovery or other requests that may reasonably be expected to result in the production or disclosure of such Privileged Information, Organon shall promptly provide notice to Merck of the existence of the request (which notice shall be delivered to Merck no later than five business days following the receipt of any such subpoena, discovery or other request) and shall provide Merck a reasonable opportunity to review the information and to assert any rights it or they may have, including under this Section 6.07 or otherwise, to prevent the production or disclosure of such Privileged Information. Notwithstanding the foregoing, if the proposed production or disclosure of Privileged Information (whether or not relating solely to the Merck Business) is to a Governmental Authority or in response to an enforcement action and such Privileged Information is reasonably believed to have a potential impact on the legal interests of Merck (including its own claims, defenses or potential exposure), then Organon shall use its commercially reasonable efforts to provide notice to Merck at least fourteen days in advance of any waiver of privilege or immunity with respect to such Privileged Information; provided that if Merck withholds waiver of any privilege or immunity pursuant to Section 6.07(c), Organon may produce or disclose only such Privileged Information that is required to be produced or disclosed in response to such Governmental Authority or enforcement action. For the avoidance of doubt, in the case of any conflict or inconsistency between the foregoing and the JDA with respect to Privileged Information shared pursuant to the JDA, the JDA shall prevail.
(f)    Upon receipt by Merck or by any of the Merck Subsidiaries of any subpoena, discovery or other request that may reasonably be expected to result in the production or disclosure of information subject to a shared privilege or immunity or as to which Organon or
 
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any of the Organon Subsidiaries has the sole right hereunder to assert a privilege or immunity, or if Merck obtains knowledge that any of its, or the Merck Subsidiary’s, current or former directors, officers, agents or employees have received any subpoena, discovery or other requests that may reasonably be expected to result in the production or disclosure of such Privileged Information, Merck shall promptly provide notice to Organon of the existence of the request (which notice shall be delivered to Organon no later than five business days following the receipt of any such subpoena, discovery or other request) and shall provide Organon a reasonable opportunity to review the information and to assert any rights it or they may have, including under this Section 6.07 or otherwise, to prevent the production or disclosure of such Privileged Information. Notwithstanding the foregoing, if the proposed production or disclosure of Privileged Information (whether or not relating solely to the Organon Business) is to a Governmental Authority or in response to an enforcement action and such Privileged Information is reasonably believed to have a potential impact on the legal interests of Organon (including its own claims, defenses or potential exposure), then Merck shall use its commercially reasonable efforts to provide notice to Organon at least fourteen days in advance of any waiver of privilege or immunity with respect to such Privileged Information; provided that if Organon withholds waiver of any privilege or immunity pursuant to Section 6.07(c), Merck may produce or disclose only such Privileged Information that is required to be produced or disclosed in response to such Governmental Authority or enforcement action. For the avoidance of doubt, in the case of any conflict or inconsistency between the foregoing and the JDA with respect to Privileged Information shared pursuant to the JDA, the JDA shall prevail.
(g)    The Parties agree that they have or may in the future have common legal interests in the Merck Liabilities and any corresponding legal rights, in the Organon Liabilities and any corresponding legal rights, in the Privileged Information and in the preservation of the protected status of the Privileged Information. The Parties have disclosed and exchanged and will disclose and exchange certain Privileged Information between and among themselves in order to further the Parties’ common legal interests, including pursuant to the JDA.
(h)    Any furnishing of, or access to, information pursuant to this Agreement is made in reliance on the agreement of Merck and Organon set forth in this Section 6.07, in Section 6.08 and in the JDA to maintain the confidentiality of Privileged Information and to assert and maintain all applicable privileges and immunities. The Parties further agree that (i) the exchange by one Party (or any of its Subsidiaries) to the other Party (or any of its Subsidiaries) of any Privileged Information that should not have been transferred pursuant to the terms of this Article VI shall not be deemed to constitute a waiver of any privilege or immunity that has been or may be asserted under this Agreement or otherwise with respect to such Privileged Information; and (ii) the Party receiving (or for which a Subsidiary has received) such Privileged Information shall promptly return such Privileged Information to the Party (or its applicable Subsidiary) who has the right to assert the privilege or immunity.
(i)    In furtherance of, and without limitation to, the Parties’ agreement under this Section 6.07, Merck and Organon shall, and shall cause their applicable Subsidiaries to, use reasonable efforts to maintain their respective separate and joint privileges and immunities, including by executing joint defense and/or common interest agreements where necessary or useful for this purpose.
 
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Section 6.08    Confidentiality.
(a)    Confidentiality. From and after the Effective Time, subject to Section 6.09 and except as contemplated by or otherwise provided in this Agreement or any Transaction Document, Merck, on behalf of itself and each of its Affiliates, and Organon, on behalf of itself and each of its Affiliates, agrees to hold, and to cause its respective directors, officers, employees, agents, accountants, counsel and other advisors and representatives (each, a “Representative”) to hold, in strict confidence, with at least the same degree of care that applies to Merck’s confidential and proprietary information pursuant to policies in effect as of the Effective Time, all Confidential Information of the other Party and the other Party’s Affiliates and shall not use the Confidential Information of the other Party or any of its Affiliates other than for such purposes as may be expressly permitted under this Agreement or any Transaction Document. If any Confidential Information of one Party or any of its Affiliates is disclosed to another Party or any of its Affiliates in connection with providing services to such first Party or any of its Affiliates under this Agreement or any Transaction Document, then such disclosed Confidential Information shall be used only as required to perform such services.
(b)    No Release. Each Party agrees not to release or disclose, or permit to be released or disclosed, any Confidential Information to any other Person, except its Representatives who need to know such Confidential Information in their capacities as such, and except in compliance with Section 6.09 or with the other Party’s prior written consent. Confidential Information furnished by the other Party after the Effective Time pursuant to this Agreement or any Transaction Document shall be subject to the provisions of this Section 6.08.
(c)    Third-Party Information; Privacy or Data Protection Laws. Each Party acknowledges that it and its respective Affiliates may presently have and, following the Effective Time, may gain access to or possession of confidential or proprietary information of, or personal information relating to, Third Parties (i) that was received under confidentiality or non-disclosure agreements entered into between such Third Parties, on the one hand, and the other Party or the other Party’s Affiliates, on the other hand, prior to the Effective Time; or (ii) that, as between the two Parties, was originally collected by the other Party or the other Party’s Affiliates and that may be subject to and protected by privacy, data protection or other applicable Laws. As may be provided in more detail in an applicable Transaction Document (including, without limitation, the Data Sharing Agreement and the Transition Services Agreements), each Party agrees that it shall hold, protect and use, and shall cause its Affiliates and its and their respective Representatives to hold, protect and use, in strict confidence the confidential and proprietary information of, or personal information relating to, Third Parties in accordance with privacy, data protection or other applicable Laws and the terms of any agreements that were either entered into before the Effective Time or affirmative commitments or representations that were made before the Effective Time by, between or among the other Party or the other Party’s Affiliates, on the one hand, and such Third Parties, on the other hand.
Section 6.09    Protective Arrangements. In the event that either Party or any of its Affiliates is requested or required (by oral question, interrogatories, requests for information or documents, subpoena, civil investigative demand or similar process) by any Governmental Authority or pursuant to applicable Law to disclose or provide any Confidential Information of the other Party (other than with respect to any such information furnished pursuant to the provisions
 
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of Sections 6.01 through 6.07), as applicable, that is subject to the confidentiality provisions hereof, such Party shall provide the other Party with notice of such request or demand as promptly as practicable under the circumstances so that such other Party shall have an opportunity to seek an appropriate protective order, at such other Party’s own cost and expense. In the event that such other Party fails to receive such appropriate protective order in a timely manner and the Party receiving the request or demand reasonably determines that its failure to disclose or provide such information shall actually prejudice the Party receiving the request or demand, then the Party that received such request or demand may thereafter disclose or provide information to the extent required by such Law (as so advised by counsel) or by lawful process or such Governmental Authority. Confidential Information that is disclosed by judicial or administrative process or as required by applicable Law shall remain otherwise subject to the confidentiality provisions of Section 6.08, and the Party disclosing Confidential Information pursuant to law or court order or as required by applicable Law shall take all steps reasonably necessary, including obtaining an order of confidentiality, to ensure the continued confidential treatment of such Confidential Information. Notwithstanding the foregoing, with respect to the release of information under the JDA, the terms of the JDA shall prevail.
Section 6.10    Equitable Relief with respect to Disclosure of Confidential Information. The Parties hereto acknowledge that: (i) it would be impossible to measure the damages that would be suffered by the other Party if a Party failed to comply with Section 6.07, Section 6.08 and Section 6.09 and (ii) in the event of any such failure, there might not be adequate remedy at law. Therefore, each Party hereto shall be entitled, in addition to any other rights or remedies that it may have (including, in the context of the disclosure of Privileged Information related to existing or potential claims, pursuant to the JDA), to obtain specific performance by the other Party of the obligations of Section 6.07, Section 6.08 and Section 6.09, to obtain immediate injunctive relief without having to post a bond. Neither Party hereto will urge, as a defense to any proceeding for such specific performance or injunctive relief, that the other Party has an adequate remedy at law.
Section 6.11    [Security.
(a)    If either Party is given access to the other Party’s (or its Affiliate’s) computer systems or software (collectively, the “Systems”) or physical facilities in connection with the exchange of Information under this Agreement, such Party shall comply with all of the other Party’s reasonable policies, procedures and requirements in relation to Systems or physical facilities (collectively, “Security Regulations”) and will not tamper with, compromise, attempt to circumvent or circumvent any security or audit measures employed by such other Party. In the event of any conflict between this Agreement and any Security Regulations, this Agreement will govern. Each Party shall access and use only those Systems of the other Party for which it has been granted the right to access and use, and only to the extent reasonably necessary in connection with the provision or receipt, as applicable, of Information. Each Party shall be responsible for its employees’ compliance with the confidentiality provisions of this Agreement in connection with such access, including access to comingled or sensitive Information.
(b)    Each Party will ensure that only those of its personnel who are specifically authorized to have access to the Systems or physical facilities of the other Party (or its Affiliates) gain such access, and to prevent unauthorized access, use, destruction, alteration or loss of Information or other property contained therein, including notifying its personnel of the restrictions set forth in this Agreement and of the Security Regulations.
 
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(c)    If, at any time, either Party determines that (i) any of its personnel has sought to circumvent, or has circumvented, the Security Regulations of the other Party, (ii) any unauthorized personnel of such Party has accessed the Systems or physical facilities of the other Party, or (iii) any of the personnel of such Party has engaged in activities that may lead or leads to the unauthorized access, use, destruction, alteration or loss of Information or software, such Party shall immediately terminate any such personnel’s access to the Systems or physical facilities of the other Party and immediately notify the other Party. In addition, each Party shall have the right to deny the personnel of the other Party access to any Systems or physical facilities upon written notice to the other Party in the event that such Party reasonably believes that such personnel have engaged in any of the activities set forth above in this Section 6.11(c) or otherwise pose a security concern. Each Party will cooperate with the other Party in investigating any apparent unauthorized access to the Systems or facilities of the other Party.]
ARTICLE VII
TRANSITION MANAGEMENT OFFICE REPRESENTATIVES; GOVERNANCE
Section 7.01    Transition Management Office Team. As of the Distribution Date, the Parties shall have each established a transition management office team consisting of an appropriate number of representatives of each Party that will be responsible for monitoring and implementing the STAIRS Plan, coordinating and executing the exits of the IOM Markets and the Deferred Markets and coordinating the performance of the Parties’ obligations under this Agreement or any Transaction Document (each, a “TMO Team”).
Section 7.02    Transition Management Office Lead.
(a)    Each Party also shall designate at least one representative to serve as that Party’s primary contact for the other Party (each, a “TMO Lead”). The TMO Teams and the TMO Leads shall meet at a frequency agreed to by the TMO Leads and be responsible for discussing status and progress of activities under this Agreement and the other Transaction Documents. The TMO Leads may establish such governance procedures, tracking mechanisms and such functional sub-teams as it deems appropriate.
(b)    The TMO Leads will work together to resolve issues or potential disputes relating to this Agreement and any Transaction Document, with the intent of averting the escalation of such issues or potential disputes. Any escalation of an issue will be in accordance with Section 8.01. Either Party may change its TMO Lead or TMO Team whenever it considers appropriate and, in any such case, shall advise the other Party of such changes accordingly.
ARTICLE VIII
DISPUTE RESOLUTION
Section 8.01    Disputes. Any controversy or claim arising out of or relating to this Agreement and, except for those Transaction Documents that contain separate dispute resolution provisions (in which case such provisions shall govern), any Transaction Documents, or the breach thereof (a “Dispute”), shall be resolved: (a) first, during such time as there are TMO Leads for
 
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each of Organon and Merck, by negotiation by such individuals within their requisite authority with the intent of resolving and averting the escalation of such Dispute; (b) second, by negotiation by the appropriate executives of the Parties who have authority to settle the Dispute (or such other individuals designated by the respective executives), and then (if there remains a Dispute) by discussions between the respective Chief Executive Officers or their respective designees (with full settlement authority) of Merck and Organon, with the possibility of mediation as provided in Section 8.02; and (c) then, if negotiation and mediation fail, by binding arbitration as provided in Section 8.03. Each Party agrees on behalf of itself and each of its Subsidiaries that the procedures set forth in this Article VIII shall be the exclusive means for resolution of any Dispute. The initiation of mediation or arbitration hereunder will toll the applicable statute of limitations for the duration of any such proceedings.
Section 8.02    Negotiation and Mediation. If either Party serves written notice of a Dispute upon the other Party, the Parties will first attempt to resolve such Dispute by direct discussions and negotiation (including as set forth in Section 8.01 above or, as applicable, in accordance with the applicable Transaction Document). If the Parties agree, the Parties may also attempt to resolve the Dispute by a mediation administered by the International Institute for Conflict Prevention & Resolution (“CPR”) under its Mediation Procedure.
Section 8.03    Arbitration.
(a)    If a Dispute is not resolved within 45 days (or later if mutually agreed by the Parties) after the service of a notice of a Dispute, either Party shall have the right to commence arbitration. The arbitration shall be administered by the CPR pursuant to its Arbitration Rules and Procedures. References herein to any arbitration rules or procedures mean such rules or procedures as amended from time to time, including any successor rules or procedures, and references herein to the CPR include any successor thereto. The arbitration shall be before three arbitrators. Each Party shall designate one arbitrator in accordance with the “screened” appointment procedure provided in Rule 5.4 of the CPR Rules. The two party-appointed arbitrators will select the third, who will serve as the panel’s chair or president. This arbitration provision, and the arbitration itself, shall be governed by the laws of Delaware and the Federal Arbitration Act, 9 U.S.C. §§ 1-16.
(b)    Consistent with the expedited nature of arbitration, each Party will, upon the written request of the other Party, promptly provide the other with copies of documents on which the producing Party may rely in support of or in opposition to any claim or defense. At the request of a Party, the arbitrators shall have the discretion to order examination by deposition of witnesses to the extent the arbitrator deems such additional discovery relevant and appropriate. Depositions shall be limited to a maximum of five per Party and shall be held within 45 days of the grant of a request. Additional depositions may be scheduled only with the permission of the arbitrators, and for good cause shown. Each deposition shall be limited to a maximum of one day’s duration. All objections are reserved for the arbitration hearing except for objections based on privilege and proprietary or confidential information. The Parties shall not utilize any other discovery mechanisms, including international processes and United States federal statutes, to obtain additional evidence for use in the arbitration. Any Dispute regarding discovery, or the relevance or scope thereof, shall be determined by the arbitrators, which determination shall be conclusive. All discovery shall be completed within 60 days following the appointment of the arbitrators. All costs and fees relating to the retrieval, review and production of electronic discovery shall be paid by the Party requesting such discovery.
 
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(c)    The panel of arbitrators shall have no power to award non-monetary or equitable relief of any sort. The arbitrators shall have no power or authority, under the CPR Rules for Non-Administered Arbitration or otherwise, to relieve the Parties from their agreement hereunder to arbitrate or otherwise to amend or disregard any provision of this Agreement or any Transaction Document. The award of the arbitrators shall be final, binding and the sole and exclusive remedy to the Parties. Either Party may seek to confirm and enforce any final award entered in arbitration, in any court of competent jurisdiction.
(d)    If an arbitral award does not impose an injunction on the losing Party or contain a money damages award in excess of $25,000,000, then the arbitral award shall not be appealable and shall only be subject to such challenges as would otherwise be permissible under the Federal Arbitration Act, 9 U.S.C. §§ 1-16. In the event that the arbitration does result in an arbitral award, which imposes an injunction or a monetary award in excess of $25,000,000, such award may be appealed to a tribunal of appellate arbitrators via the CPR Arbitration Appeal Procedure.
(e)    Except as may be required by Law, neither a Party nor an arbitrator may disclose the existence, content, or results of any arbitration hereunder without the prior written consent of both Parties.
Section 8.04    Interim Relief. At any time during the resolution of a Dispute between the Parties, either Party has the right to apply to any court of competent jurisdiction for interim relief, including pre-arbitration attachments or injunctions, necessary to preserve the Parties’ rights or to maintain the Parties’ relative positions until such time as the arbitration award is rendered or the Dispute is otherwise resolved.
Section 8.05    Remedies. The arbitrators shall have no authority or power to limit, expand, alter, amend, modify, revoke or suspend any condition or provision of this Agreement or any Transaction Document nor any right or power to award punitive, exemplary or treble damages (or other multiple damages that are not actual damages).
Section 8.06    Expenses. Each Party shall bear its own costs, expenses and attorneys’ fees in pursuit and resolution of any Dispute; provided, however, that, in the event of any arbitration pursuant to Section 8.03, the non-prevailing Party shall bear both Parties’ costs, expenses and attorneys’ fees incurred in connection with such arbitration (including the fees of any arbitrator).
Section 8.07    Continuation of Services and Commitments. Unless otherwise agreed in writing, the Parties shall, and shall cause their respective Subsidiaries to, continue to honor all commitments under this Agreement and each Transaction Document to the extent required by such Agreements during the course of dispute resolution pursuant to the provisions of this Article VIII with respect to all matters related to such Dispute.
 
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ARTICLE IX
TERMINATION
Section 9.01    Termination. This Agreement and all Transaction Documents may be terminated and the Distribution may be amended, modified or abandoned at any time prior to the Effective Time by and in the sole discretion of Merck without the approval of any Person, including Organon. In the event of such termination, this Agreement shall become null and void and no Party, nor any of its directors, officers or employees, shall have any Liability of any kind to any Person by reason of this Agreement. After the Effective Time, this Agreement may not be terminated except by an agreement in writing signed by a duly authorized officer of each of the Parties.
ARTICLE X
MISCELLANEOUS
Section 10.01    Counterparts; Entire Agreement; Corporate Power; Facsimile or Electronic Signatures.
(a)    Counterparts. This Agreement and each Transaction Document may be executed in one or more counterparts, all of which shall be considered one and the same agreement.
(b)    Entire Agreement.
(i)    This Agreement, the Transaction Documents and the exhibits, schedules and annexes hereto and thereto contain the entire agreement between the Parties and their Subsidiaries with respect to the subject matter hereof, supersede all previous agreements, negotiations, discussions, writings, understandings, commitments and conversations with respect to such subject matter and there are no agreements or understandings between the Parties or their Subsidiaries other than those set forth or referred to herein or therein. It is the intention of the Parties that the Conveyance and Assumption Instruments shall be consistent with the terms of this Agreement and the other Transaction Documents. In the event of any conflict between the Conveyance and Assumption Instruments and this Agreement, (1) the Assets and Liabilities expressly and specifically listed in such Conveyance and Assumption Instruments as being for the account of either Merck or its Subsidiaries on the one hand, or Organon or its Subsidiaries on the other hand, shall control[, other than as set forth on Schedule 9.01(b)(i)] and (2) in the case of any other inconsistent terms, the provisions of this Agreement shall control. Except with respect to the express and specific allocation of Assets and Liabilities as described therein, the Parties agree (including on behalf of their Subsidiaries) that the Conveyance and Assumption Instruments are not intended and shall not be construed in any way to enhance, modify or decrease any of the rights or obligations of Merck, any Merck Subsidiary, Organon or any Organon Subsidiary from those contained in this Agreement and the other Transaction Documents.
(ii)    This Agreement is not intended to address, and should not be interpreted to address, the matters specifically and expressly covered by the Transaction Documents. Except as otherwise expressly provided in this Agreement, in the event of any
 
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conflict or inconsistency between the provisions of this Agreement and the provisions of a Transaction Document (other than any Conveyance and Assumption Instruments), the provisions of such Transaction Document shall control over the inconsistent provisions of this Agreement as to matters specifically addressed in such Transaction Document. Notwithstanding the foregoing, to the extent that the Transition Services Agreements become effective prior to the Effective Time, the producer or provider (or any of its controlled group Affiliates) thereunder or with respect thereto shall have no Liability with respect to performance or non-performance during any period preceding the Effective Time (as though such agreements for that purpose had only become effective as of the Effective Time) in light of the Parties’ intent for any and all Liabilities related to the operation of the Organon Business (including intercompany services related thereto) prior to the Effective Time to remain with Organon and its Subsidiaries and for all Liabilities related to the operation of the Merck Business (including intercompany services related thereto) prior to the Effective Time to remain with Merck and its Subsidiaries; provided that, for the avoidance of doubt, the recipient or purchaser under such agreements shall continue to be responsible to the provider or producer for payment and other obligations set forth in such agreements from the effective times of such agreements in accordance with the terms thereof. For the avoidance of doubt, the immediately preceding sentence is intended to achieve the same result as would have occurred had Merck and Organon entered into the applicable Transaction Document covering only the period prior to the Effective Time (and as though such agreement were not considered a “Transaction Document” hereunder) and a new Transaction Document covering the period after the Effective Time (with the latter being the only such Transaction Document that controls in the event of a conflict between such Transaction Document and this Agreement). For the avoidance of doubt, the Tax Matters Agreement shall govern all matters (including any indemnities and payments among the Parties and each of their Subsidiaries and the allocation of any rights and obligations pursuant to agreements entered into with Third Parties) relating to Taxes to the extent specifically addressed in the Tax Matters Agreement and the Employee Matters Agreement shall govern all matters (including the allocation of any rights and obligations) relating to employees to the extent specifically addressed in the Employee Matters Agreement.
(iii)    Notwithstanding anything in this Agreement to the contrary, the Parties acknowledge and agree that Organon will not be charged more than once for the same service, activity, function or expense that is performed or incurred by Merck or its Affiliates or third parties pursuant to this Agreement to the extent that Organon or its Affiliates are bearing the charges for such service, activity, function or expense pursuant to another Transaction Document.
(c)    Corporate Power. Merck represents on behalf of itself and, to the extent applicable, each Merck Subsidiary, and Organon represents on behalf of itself and, to the extent applicable, each Organon Subsidiary as follows:
(i)    each such Person has the requisite corporate or other power and authority and has taken all corporate or other action necessary in order to execute, deliver and perform this Agreement and each Transaction Document to which it is a party and to consummate the transactions contemplated hereby and thereby; and
 
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(ii)    this Agreement and each Transaction Document to which it is a party has been duly executed and delivered by it and constitutes a valid and binding agreement of it enforceable in accordance with the terms thereof.
(d)    Signatures and Delivery. Each Party acknowledges that it and its Subsidiaries and the other Party and its Subsidiaries may execute this Agreement and any Transaction Document to which it is a party by manual, stamp or mechanical signature, and that delivery of an executed counterpart of a signature page to this Agreement or any Transaction Document (whether executed by manual, stamp or mechanical signature) by facsimile or by email or other electronic delivery in portable document format (PDF) or other electronic format shall be effective as delivery of such executed counterpart of this Agreement or any Transaction Document. Each Party (including on behalf of its Subsidiaries) expressly adopts and confirms a stamp or mechanical signature (regardless of whether delivered in person, by mail, by courier, by facsimile or by email or other electronic delivery in portable document format (PDF) or other electronic format) made in its name as if it were a manual signature delivered in person, agrees that it shall not assert that any such signature or delivery is not adequate to bind such Party or its Subsidiaries to the same extent as if it were signed manually and delivered in person and agrees that, at the reasonable request of the other Party at any time, it shall as promptly as reasonably practicable cause each such Agreement and Transaction Document to be manually executed (any such execution to be as of the date of the initial date thereof) and delivered in person, by mail or by courier.
Section 10.02    Governing Law. This Agreement and, unless expressly provided therein, each Transaction Document, shall be governed by and construed and interpreted in accordance with the Laws of the State of Delaware, irrespective of the choice of Laws and principles of the State of Delaware, as to all matters, including matters of validity, construction, effect, enforceability, performance and remedies.
Section 10.03    Assignability. Except as set forth in any Transaction Document, this Agreement and each Transaction Document shall be binding upon and inure to the benefit of the Parties and the parties thereto, respectively, and their respective successors and permitted assigns.
Section 10.04    Third Party Beneficiaries. Except for the indemnification rights under this Agreement of an Indemnitee under this Agreement, (a) the provisions of this Agreement and each Transaction Document are solely for the benefit of the Parties and their respective Subsidiaries, after giving effect to the Distribution, and their permitted successors and assigns, and are not intended to confer upon any Person except the Parties and their respective Subsidiaries, after giving effect to the Separation, and their permitted successors and assigns, any rights or remedies hereunder; and (b) there are no other third-party beneficiaries of this Agreement or any Transaction Document and neither this Agreement nor any Transaction Document shall provide any other Third Party with any remedy, claim, Liability, reimbursement, claim of action or other right in excess of those existing without reference to this Agreement or any Transaction Document.
Section 10.05    Notices. All notices and, to the extent applicable and unless otherwise provided therein, under each of the Transaction Documents shall be in writing and shall be given or made (and shall be deemed to have been duly given or made upon receipt) by delivery in person, by overnight courier service, by e-mail (followed by delivery of an original via overnight courier
 
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service) or by registered or certified mail (postage prepaid, return receipt requested) to the respective Parties at the following addresses (or at such other address for a Party as shall be specified in a notice):
If to Merck:
[Address]
Attn:
E-mail:
If to Organon:
[Address]
Attn:
E-mail:
Either Party may, by notice to the other Party, change the address to which such notices are to be given.
Section 10.06    Severability. In the event that any one or more of the terms or provisions of this Agreement or any Transaction Document or the application thereof to any Person or circumstance is determined by a court of competent jurisdiction to be invalid, illegal or unenforceable in any respect, such invalidity, illegality or unenforceability shall not affect any other term or provision of this Agreement or any Transaction Document, or the application of such term or provision to Persons or circumstances or in jurisdictions other than those as to which it has been determined to be invalid, illegal or unenforceable, and the Parties shall (and shall cause their applicable Subsidiaries to) use their commercially reasonable efforts to substitute one or more valid, legal and enforceable terms or provisions into this Agreement (or the applicable Transaction Document) which, insofar as practicable, implement the purposes and intent of the Parties. Any term or provision of this Agreement or any Transaction Document held invalid or unenforceable only in part, degree or within certain jurisdictions shall remain in full force and effect to the extent not held invalid or unenforceable to the extent consistent with the intent of the parties as reflected by this Agreement. To the extent permitted by applicable Law, each Party waives any term or provision of Law which renders any term or provision of this Agreement to be invalid, illegal or unenforceable in any respect.
Section 10.07    Force Majeure. No Party or other Person shall be deemed in default of this Agreement or, unless otherwise expressly provided therein and without limiting the generality of the terms thereof, any Transaction Document for failure to fulfill any obligation (other than a payment obligation) so long as and to the extent to which any delay or failure in the fulfillment of such obligations is prevented, frustrated, hindered or delayed as a consequence of circumstances of Force Majeure. In the event of any such excused delay, the time for performance shall be extended for a period equal to the time lost by reason of the delay. A Party or other Person claiming the benefit of this provision shall, as soon as reasonably practicable after the occurrence of any such event, (a) provide notice to the other Party or Parties of the nature and extent of any such Force Majeure condition; and (b) use commercially reasonable efforts to remove any such causes and resume performance under this Agreement or any Transaction Document as soon as reasonably practicable.
 
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Section 10.08    No Set Off. Except as set forth in any Transaction Document or as otherwise mutually agreed to in writing by the Parties, neither Party nor any of its Subsidiaries shall have any right of set off or other similar rights with respect to (a) any amounts received pursuant to this Agreement or any Transaction Document; or (b) any other amounts claimed to be owed to the other Party or any of its Subsidiaries arising out of this Agreement or any Transaction Document.
Section 10.09    Responsibility for Expenses.
(a)    Expenses Incurred on or Prior to the Effective Time. Except as otherwise expressly set forth in this Agreement or any Transaction Document, or as otherwise agreed to in writing by the Parties (including in Schedule 9.09(a)), all costs and expenses incurred on or prior to the Effective Time in connection with the preparation, execution, delivery and implementation of this Agreement and any Transaction Document, the Separation, the Registration Statement, the plan of Separation and the Distribution and the consummation of the transactions contemplated hereby and thereby shall be charged to and paid by Merck.
(b)    Expenses Incurred or Accrued After the Effective Time. Except as otherwise expressly set forth in this Agreement, Schedule 9.09(b) to this Agreement, or any Transaction Document, or as otherwise agreed to in writing by the Parties, each Party and its Subsidiaries shall bear its own costs and expenses incurred or accrued after the Effective Time; provided that: (i) any costs and expenses incurred in obtaining any Consent or novation from a Third Party in connection with the assignment to and assumption by a Party or its Subsidiary of any contracts, commitments or understandings in connection with the Separation shall be borne by the Party or its Subsidiary to which such contract, commitment or understanding is being assigned; and (ii) any costs and expenses incurred by a Party or its Subsidiary that are for the benefit of the other Party or its Subsidiary, or are specifically related to such other Party’s business, products, assets or liabilities, will be borne by such other Party.
Section 10.10    Headings. The Article, Section and Paragraph headings contained in this Agreement and in the Transaction Documents are for reference purposes only and shall not affect in any way the meaning or interpretation of this Agreement or any Transaction Document.
Section 10.11    Survival of Covenants. Except as expressly set forth in this Agreement or any Transaction Document, the covenants and other agreements contained in this Agreement and each Transaction Document, and liability for the breach of any obligations contained herein or therein, shall survive the Effective Time and shall remain in full force and effect thereafter.
Section 10.12    Subsidiaries and Employees. Merck shall cause to be performed, and hereby guarantees the performance of, all actions, agreements and obligations set forth herein to be performed by a Merck Subsidiary (including the employees thereof) and Organon shall cause to be performed, and hereby guarantees the performance of, all actions, agreements and obligations set forth herein to be performed by an Organon Subsidiary (including the employees thereof).
 
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Section 10.13    Waivers. Waiver by either Party or any of its Subsidiaries of any default by the other Party or any of its Subsidiaries of any provision of this Agreement or any Transaction Document shall not be deemed a waiver by the waiving Party or Person of any subsequent or other default, nor shall it prejudice the rights of the waiving Party or Person. No provisions of this Agreement or any Transaction Document shall be deemed waived unless such waiver is in writing and signed by the authorized representative of the Party or relevant Subsidiary against whom it is sought to be enforced. No failure or delay of any Party (or any of its Subsidiaries) in exercising any right or remedy under this Agreement or any Transaction Document shall operate as a waiver thereof, nor shall any single or partial exercise of any such right or power, or any abandonment or discontinuance of steps to enforce such right or power, or any course of conduct, preclude any other or further exercise thereof or the exercise of any other right or power.
Section 10.14    Amendments. No provisions of this Agreement or any Transaction Document shall be deemed amended, supplemented or modified unless such amendment, supplement or modification is in writing and signed by an authorized representative of both Parties or their relevant Subsidiaries, as the case may be.
Section 10.15    Interpretation. Words in the singular shall be deemed to include the plural and vice versa and words of one gender shall be deemed to include the other genders as the context requires. The terms “hereof,” “herein,” and “herewith” and words of similar import shall, unless otherwise stated, be construed to refer to this Agreement as a whole (including all of the Schedules and Exhibits hereto and thereto) and not to any particular provision of this Agreement. Article, Section, Exhibit and Schedule references are to the Articles, Sections, Exhibits, and Schedules to this Agreement unless otherwise specified. Unless otherwise stated, all references to any agreement shall be deemed to include the exhibits, schedules and annexes to such agreement. The word “including” and words of similar import when used in this Agreement shall mean “including, without limitation,” unless the context otherwise requires or unless otherwise specified. The word “or” shall not be exclusive. Unless otherwise specified in a particular case, the word “days” refers to calendar days. References herein to this Agreement or any Transaction Document shall be deemed to refer to this Agreement or such Transaction Document as of the date on which it is executed and as it may be amended, modified or supplemented thereafter, unless otherwise specified. References to the performance, discharge or fulfillment of any Liability in accordance with its terms shall have meaning only to the extent such Liability has terms. If the Liability does not have terms, the reference shall mean performance, discharge or fulfillment of such Liability.
Section 10.16    Public Announcements. From and after the Effective Time, Merck and Organon shall consult with each other before issuing, and give each other the opportunity to review and comment upon, that portion of any press release or other public statements that relates to the transactions contemplated by this Agreement or the Transaction Documents, and shall not issue any such press release or make any such public statement prior to such consultation, except (i) as may be required by applicable Law, court process or by obligations pursuant to any listing agreement with any national securities exchange or national securities quotation system (in which case such Party shall promptly notify the other Party and allow the other Party a reasonable time and opportunity to oppose such process before making such disclosure), (ii) ordinary course communications with investors and analysts, and (iii) press releases or other public statements that are substantially consistent with prior disclosures made in accordance with this Agreement.
 
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Section 10.17    Specific Performance. Subject to the provisions of Article VIII and Article IX, in the event of any actual or threatened default in, or breach of, any of the terms, conditions and provisions of this Agreement or any Transaction Document, the Party or Parties who are or are to be thereby aggrieved shall have the right to specific performance and injunctive or other equitable relief (on an interim or permanent basis) of its rights under this Agreement or the Transaction Documents, in addition to any and all other rights and remedies at law or in equity, and all such rights and remedies shall be cumulative. The Parties agree that the remedies at law for any breach or threatened breach, including monetary damages, may be inadequate compensation for any loss and that any defense in any Proceeding for specific performance that a remedy at Law would be adequate is waived.
Section 10.18    Mutual Drafting. This Agreement and the Transaction Documents shall be deemed to be the joint work product of the Parties and any rule of construction that a document shall be interpreted or construed against a drafter of such document shall not be applicable.
[Signature Pages Follow]
 
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IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the Parties have caused this Agreement to be executed by their duly authorized representatives.

MERCK & CO., INC.	
		
By:	 	 	
Name:	 		
Title:	 		
	
ORGANON & CO.	
		
By:	 	                     	
Name:	 		
Title:	 		
[Signature Page to Separation and Distribution Agreement]

Exhibit A
Form of Amended and Restated Bylaws of Organon

Exhibit B
Form of Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation of Organon

Exhibit 10.1
TAX MATTERS AGREEMENT
by and between
MERCK & CO., INC.
and
ORGANON & CO.

TAX MATTERS AGREEMENT
This Tax Matters Agreement (the “Agreement”) is entered into as of the [     ] day of [June, 2021], by and between Merck & Co., Inc. (“Merck”), a New Jersey corporation, and Organon & Co. (“Organon” and, together with Merck, the “Parties”), a Delaware corporation.
R E C I T A L S
WHEREAS, Merck’s Board of Directors has determined that it is appropriate and advisable to: (i) separate the Organon Business from Merck’s remaining businesses (the “Separation”), which will include the transfer of the assets (including interests in intangible assets and stock of subsidiaries) used in connection with the Organon Business to Organon and Organon’s direct and indirect subsidiaries; and (ii) following the Separation, make a distribution, on a pro rata basis, to holders of common shares of Merck (“Merck Common Stock”) of all of the issued and outstanding shares of common stock of Organon (“Organon Common Stock”) owned by Merck (the “Distribution,” and, together with the Separation, the “Transactions”) (the date of such Distribution, the “Distribution Date”);
WHEREAS, Merck and Organon intend that the Distribution and certain other transactions effected as part of the Separation qualify for Tax-Free Status;
WHEREAS, as of the date hereof, Merck is the common parent of an affiliated group of domestic corporations, including Organon, that has elected to file consolidated U.S. federal Income Tax Returns and, as a result of the Distribution, neither Organon nor any of its Affiliates will be a member of such group after the close of the Distribution Date; and
WHEREAS, in contemplation of the Distribution, the Parties desire to provide for and agree upon the rights and obligations of the Parties and their respective Affiliates of liabilities, and entitlements to refunds thereof, for certain federal, state, local, and non-U.S. Taxes arising prior to, at the time of, and subsequent to the Distribution, to provide for and agree upon other matters relating to Taxes, and to set forth certain covenants and indemnities relating to the Tax-Free Status of the Separation and the Distribution.
NOW, THEREFORE, in consideration of the mutual agreements, provisions, and covenants contained in this Agreement, the Parties (and their respective Affiliates) hereby covenant and agree as follows:
ARTICLE I
DEFINITIONS
For purposes of this Agreement (including the recitals hereof), the following terms have the following meaning, and capitalized terms used in this Agreement but not otherwise defined herein shall have the meanings assigned to them in the Separation Agreement.
“Active Trade or Business” means, as shown on Exhibit A, the active conduct (as defined in Section 355(b)(2) of the Code and the Treasury Regulations thereunder) by Organon and its “separate affiliated group” (as defined in Section 355(b)(3)(B) of the Code) and any Affiliate of Organon that is a party to a transaction intended to qualify under Section 355 of the Code and such Affiliate’s “separate affiliated group” of the Organon Business, in each case, as conducted immediately prior to the Distribution or any other relevant distribution.
 
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“Adjustment Request” means any formal or informal claim or request filed with any Tax Authority, or with any administrative agency or court, for the adjustment, Refund, or credit of Taxes, including (a) any amended Tax Return claiming adjustment to the Taxes as reported on the Tax Return or, if applicable, as previously adjusted, (b) any claim for equitable recoupment or other offset, and (c) any claim for Refund or credit of Taxes previously paid.
“Affiliate” (including, with a correlative meaning, “affiliated”) means, when used with respect to a specified Person, a Person that directly or indirectly, through one or more intermediaries, controls, is controlled by or is under common control with such specified Person. For the purpose of this definition, “control” (including with correlative meanings, “controlled by” and “under common control with”), when used with respect to any specified Person shall mean the possession, directly or indirectly, of the power to direct or cause the direction of the management and policies of such Person, whether through the ownership of voting securities or otherwise. The Parties agree that for purposes of this Agreement, neither Organon nor any member of the Organon Group shall be deemed to be an Affiliate of Merck or any member of the Merck Group, and neither Merck nor any member of the Merck Group shall be deemed to be an Affiliate of Organon or any member of the Organon Group.
“Agreement” has the meaning set forth in the Preamble.
“Board Certificate” has the meaning set forth in Section 4.2(d) of this Agreement.
“Business” means the Merck Business or Organon Business, as the case may be.
“Business Entity” means any corporation, general or limited partnership, trust, joint venture, unincorporated organization, limited liability entity or other entity.
“Code” means the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended.
“Controlling Party” has the meaning set forth in Section 3.4(b)(iii) of this Agreement.
“DGCL” means the Delaware General Corporation Law.
“Dispute” has the meaning set forth in Section 5.6(a) of this Agreement.
“Distribution” has the meaning set forth in the Recitals.
“Distribution Date” has the meaning set forth in the Recitals.
“Employee Matters Agreement” means the Employee Matters Agreement entered into by and between Merck and Organon in connection with the Separation, the Distribution or the other transactions contemplated by the Separation Agreement.
“Employment Taxes” means withholding taxes imposed with respect to employment, payroll, social security, workers compensation, unemployment, disability and any similar tax imposed by any Tax Authority, and any interest, penalties, additions to tax or additional amounts with respect to the foregoing imposed on any taxpayer or consolidated, combined or unitary group of taxpayers.
“Fifty-Percent or Greater Interest” has the meaning ascribed to such term for purposes of Sections 355(d) and (e) of the Code.
“Final Determination” means the final resolution of liability for any Tax, which resolution may be for a specific issue or adjustment or for a taxable period, (a) by IRS Form 870 or 870-AD (or any successor forms thereto), on the date of acceptance by or on behalf of the taxpayer, or by a comparable form under the laws of a state, local, or non-U.S. taxing jurisdiction, except that a Form 870 or 870-AD or comparable form shall not constitute a Final Determination to the extent that it reserves (whether by its terms or by operation of law) the right of the taxpayer to file a claim for Refund or the right of the Tax Authority to
 
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assert a further deficiency in respect of such issue or adjustment or for such taxable period (as the case may be); (b) by a decision, judgment, decree, or other order by a court of competent jurisdiction, which has become final and unappealable; (c) by a closing agreement or accepted offer in compromise under Sections 7121 or 7122 of the Code, or a comparable agreement under the laws of a state, local, or non-U.S. taxing jurisdiction; (d) by any allowance of a Refund or credit in respect of an overpayment of Tax; (e) by a final settlement resulting from a treaty-based competent authority determination; or (f) by any other final disposition, including by reason of: (i) the expiration of the applicable statute of limitations to which such Tax relates, or (ii) by mutual agreement of the Parties.
“Foreign Tax Redetermination” means a change in the liability for a foreign Income Tax or other changes that may affect a Person’s United States federal Income Tax liability within the meaning of Section 905(c) of the Code and the Treasury Regulations thereunder.
“Gain Recognition Agreement” means a gain recognition agreement as described in Treasury Regulation Section 1.367(a)-8 or any successor provision thereto.
“Governmental Authority” means any supranational, international, national, federal, state, provincial or local court, government, department, commission, board, bureau, agency, official or other regulatory, administrative or governmental authority, including the New York Stock Exchange and any similar self-regulatory body under applicable securities laws.
“Income Tax” means all Taxes (i) based upon, measured by, or calculated with respect to (A) net income or profits (including any capital gains, minimum Tax or any Tax on items of Tax preference, but not including sales, use, real or personal property, gross or net receipts, value added, excise, leasing, transfer or similar Taxes), or (B) multiple bases (including corporate franchise, doing business and occupation Taxes) if one or more bases upon which such Tax is determined is described in clause (A) of this definition, (ii) constituting an income Tax, war profits Tax, or excess profits Tax, or a Tax “in lieu of” such an income Tax, war profits Tax, or excess profits Tax, within the meaning of Section 901 of the Code, or (iii) for the avoidance of doubt, any Tax imposed by any State of the United States or by any political subdivision of any such State which is imposed on or measured by net income, including state or local franchise or similar Taxes measured by net income, as well as any state or local franchise, capital or similar Taxes imposed in lieu of a tax imposed on or measured by net income, together with any interest, penalty, additions to tax, or additional amounts in respect of the foregoing.
“Income Tax Return” means any Tax Return relating to Income Taxes.
“Indemnifying Party” means a Party that has an obligation to make an Indemnity Payment.
“Indemnitee” means a Party that is entitled to receive an Indemnity Payment.
“Indemnity Payment” means an indemnity payment contemplated by the Separation Agreement, this Agreement or any other Transaction Document.
“IRS” means the United States Internal Revenue Service.
“Joint Return” means any Tax Return that actually includes, by election or otherwise, one or more members of the Merck Group together with one or more members of the Organon Group, including any entity that is a predecessor or successor, including an “acquiring corporation” within the meaning of Section 381 of the Code, to a member of the Merck Group or the Organon Group.
“Merck” has the meaning set forth in the Preamble.
 
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“Merck Affiliated Group” means the affiliated group (as that term is defined in Section 1504 of the Code and the Treasury Regulations thereunder) of which Merck is the common parent.
“Merck Business” has the meaning set forth in the Separation Agreement.
“Merck Capital Stock” means all classes or series of capital stock of Merck, including (a) the Merck Common Stock, (b) all options, warrants and other rights to acquire such capital stock and (c) all instruments properly treated as stock in Merck for U.S. federal Income Tax purposes.
“Merck Common Stock” has the meaning set forth in the Recitals.
“Merck Federal Consolidated Income Tax Return” means any United States federal Income Tax Return for the Merck Affiliated Group.
“Merck Group” means Merck and all Affiliates of Merck, excluding any entity that is a member of the Organon Group.
“Merck Liability Percentage” means the difference, expressed as a percentage, of (i) one hundred percent (100%) minus (ii) the Organon Liability Percentage.
“Merck Market Capitalization” means the product of (i) the volume-weighted average trading price per share of Merck Common Stock for the twenty (20) consecutive trading days beginning on and following the first trading day following the Distribution Date, as quoted by Bloomberg Professional Services, rounded to the nearest whole cent, multiplied by (ii) the arithmetic average of the number of Merck Common Stock outstanding, on a fully-diluted basis, on each of such twenty (20) trading days, rounded to two (2) decimal points.
“Merck Separate Return” means any Tax Return of or including any member of the Merck Group (including any consolidated, combined or unitary return) that is not a Joint Return.
“Non-Controlling Party” has the meaning set forth in Section 3.4(b)(iii) of this Agreement.
“Non-Income Tax” means any Tax that is not an Income Tax or a Property Tax.
“Notified Action” has the meaning set forth in Section 4.4(a).
“Organon” has the meaning set forth in the Preamble.
“Organon Business” has the meaning set forth in the Separation Agreement.
“Organon Capital Stock” means all classes or series of capital stock of Organon, including (a) the Organon Common Stock, (b) all options, warrants and other rights to acquire such capital stock and (c) all instruments properly treated as stock in Organon for U.S. federal Income Tax purposes.
“Organon Common Stock” has the meaning set forth in the Recitals.
“Organon Group” means Organon and all Affiliates of Organon, as determined immediately after the Distribution.
“Organon Liability Percentage” means the quotient, expressed as a percentage and rounded to two (2) decimal points, of (i) the Organon Market Capitalization, divided by (ii) the sum of the Merck Market Capitalization plus the Organon Market Capitalization.
 
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“Organon Market Capitalization” means the product of (i) the volume-weighted average trading price per share of Organon Common Stock for the twenty (20) consecutive trading days beginning on and following the first trading day following the Distribution Date, as quoted by Bloomberg Professional Services, rounded to the nearest whole cent, multiplied by (ii) the arithmetic average of the number of Organon Common Stock outstanding, on a fully-diluted basis, on each of such twenty (20) trading days, rounded to two (2) decimal points.
“Organon Separate Return” means any Tax Return for any Tax Period, including, for the avoidance of doubt, any Pre-Distribution Tax Period, of or including any member of the Organon Group (including any consolidated, combined or unitary return) that is not a Joint Return.
“Parties” has the meaning set forth in the Preamble.
“Person” means any (i) individual, (ii) Business Entity or (iii) Governmental Authority, and including any successor or permitted assignee, by merger or otherwise, of any of the foregoing, without regard to whether any entity is treated as disregarded for U.S. federal Income Tax purposes.
“Pharma Fee” means the “Branded Prescription Drug Fee” as defined in Treasury Regulation Section 51.1, et seq.
“Post-Distribution Tax Period” means any Tax Period beginning after the Distribution Date, and, in the case of any Straddle Period, the portion of such Straddle Period beginning the day after the Distribution Date.
“Pre-Distribution Tax Period” means any Tax Period ending on or before the Distribution Date, and, in the case of any Straddle Period, the portion of such Straddle Period ending on the Distribution Date.
“Preliminary Tax Advisor” has the meaning set forth in Section 5.6(c) of this Agreement.
“Privilege” means any privilege that may be asserted under applicable law, including, any privilege arising under or relating to the attorney-client relationship (including the attorney-client and work product privileges), the accountant-client privilege and any privilege relating to internal evaluation processes.
“Property Tax” means any real, personal and intangible ad valorem Tax imposed by any Tax Authority incident to the ownership of property, and any interest, penalties, additions to tax, or additional amounts in respect of the foregoing.
“Proposed Acquisition Transaction” means a transaction or series of transactions (or any agreement, understanding or arrangement, within the meaning of Section 355(e) of the Code and Treasury Regulation Section 1.355-7, or any other Treasury Regulations promulgated thereunder, to enter into a transaction or series of transactions), whether such transaction is supported by Organon management or shareholders, is a hostile acquisition, or otherwise, as a result of which Organon would merge or consolidate with any other Person or as a result of which one or more Persons would (directly or indirectly) acquire, or have the right to acquire, from Organon and/or one or more holders of outstanding shares of Organon Capital Stock, a number of shares of Organon Capital Stock that would, when combined with any other changes in ownership of Organon Capital Stock pertinent for purposes of Section 355(e) of the Code, comprise twenty percent (20%) or more of (a) the value of all outstanding shares of stock of Organon as of the date of such transaction, or in the case of a series of transactions, the date of the last transaction of such series, or (b) the total combined voting power of all outstanding shares of voting stock of Organon as of the date of such transaction, or in the case of a series of transactions, the date of the last transaction of such series. Notwithstanding the foregoing, a Proposed Acquisition Transaction shall not include issuances by Organon that satisfy Safe Harbor VIII (relating to acquisitions in connection with a Person’s performance of services) or Safe Harbor IX (relating to acquisitions by a retirement plan of an employer) of Treasury Regulation Section 1.355-7(d). For purposes of determining whether a transaction constitutes an indirect acquisition,
 
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any recapitalization resulting in a shift of voting power shall be treated as an acquisition of stock by the shareholder whose voting power increases and any redemption of shares of stock shall be treated as an indirect acquisition of shares of stock by the non-exchanging shareholders. This definition and the application thereof are intended to monitor compliance with Section 355(e) of the Code and shall be interpreted accordingly. Any clarification of, or change in, the statute or Treasury Regulations promulgated under Section 355(e) of the Code shall be incorporated in this definition and its interpretation. All references to “Organon” in this definition shall include any predecessor or successor thereto, within the meaning of Treasury Regulation Section 1.355-8.
“Records” has the meaning set forth in Section 5.1(a)(i).
“Refund” has the meaning set forth in Section 2.8(a).
“Refund Recipient” has the meaning set forth in Section 2.8(a).
“Representation Letters” means the representation letters and any other materials (including, without limitation, a Ruling Request and any related supplemental submissions) delivered or deliverable by Merck and others in connection with the rendering by Baker & McKenzie LLP, Ernst & Young LLP, and/or the issuance by any Tax Authority, of the Tax Opinions/Rulings.
“Ruling Request” means any letter filed by Merck with any Tax Authority requesting a ruling regarding certain Tax consequences of the Transactions (including all attachments, exhibits, and other materials submitted with such ruling request letter) and any amendment or supplement to such ruling request letter.
“Section 336(e) Election” has the meaning set forth in Section 4.6(b).
“Section 336(e) Tax Basis” has the meaning set forth in Section 4.6(b)(ii).
“Section 965 Liability” means the “net tax liability” of the Merck Group under Section 965(h)(6)(A) of the Code.
“Section 4.2(d) Acquisition Transaction” means any transaction or series of transactions that is not a Proposed Acquisition Transaction but would be a Proposed Acquisition Transaction if the percentage reflected in the definition of Proposed Acquisition Transaction were ten percent (10%) instead of twenty percent (20%).
“Separate Return” means a Merck Separate Return or an Organon Separate Return, as the case may be.
“Separation” has the meaning set forth in the Recitals.
“Separation Agreement” means the Separation and Distribution Agreement entered into by and between Merck and Organon on the date hereof, as the same may be amended.
“Separation Plan” means the Global Macro Step Plan dated [_], attached hereto as Exhibit B.
“Separation Taxes” means those Taxes shown on Exhibit C, identified by the jurisdiction imposing such Tax, the step in the Separation Plan with respect to which such Tax is triggered, and a description of the nature of such Tax. Dollar amounts shown on Exhibit C reflect the current estimate of the amount of such Separation Taxes, where available; the indemnification obligations of Merck pursuant to Section 2.5 hereof with respect to such Separation Taxes shall be determined based upon the final amount of such Separation Taxes as determined under applicable law or a Final Determination or other adjustment made by a Tax Authority rather than upon the estimated amounts set forth on Exhibit C. For the avoidance of doubt, Separation Taxes shall include only those Taxes shown on Exhibit C, and shall not include any other Taxes.
 
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“Straddle Period” means any Tax Period that begins on or before and ends after the Distribution Date.
“Tax” or “Taxes” means (i) any income, net income, gross income, gross receipts, profits, capital stock, franchise, property, ad valorem, value added, stamp, excise, severance, occupation, service, sales, use, license, lease, transfer, import, export, alternative minimum, estimated, withholding (to the extent not related to employment) or other tax (including any fee, assessment, or other charge in the nature of or in lieu of any tax), imposed by any governmental entity or political subdivision thereof, and any interest, penalty, additions to tax, or additional amounts in respect of the foregoing, and including any liability of any member of the Merck Group or the Organon Group for payment of any amounts described in the foregoing as a result of any express or implied obligation to indemnify any other Person; and (ii) any Employment Tax.
“Tax Advisor” means, with respect to U.S. Tax matters, a U.S. Tax counsel or accountant of recognized national standing, and, with respect to non-U.S. Tax matters, a local Tax counsel or accountant of recognized national standing in the relevant jurisdiction.
“Tax Attribute” means a net operating loss, net capital loss, unused investment credit, unused foreign tax credit, excess charitable contribution, unused general business credit, unused research and development credit, disallowed business interest expense carryforward, earnings and profits, or any other Tax Item that could reduce a Tax or create a Tax Benefit.
“Tax Authority” means, with respect to any Tax, the Governmental Authority or political subdivision thereof that imposes such Tax, and the agency (if any) charged with the collection of such Tax for such Governmental Authority or subdivision.
“Tax Benefit” means, with respect to a Tax Period, the amount by which the cash Tax liability of an entity (or of the consolidated or combined group of which it is a member) is reduced solely as a result of a Tax Item, or the amount of an actual Tax Refund that is generated solely as a result of such Tax Item (plus any related interest received from any Tax Authority), in either case, by comparing the cash Tax liability or actual Tax Refund on the applicable Tax Return that would arise with and without the Tax Item potentially giving rise to the Tax Benefit.
“Tax Contest” means an audit, review, examination, or any other administrative or judicial proceeding with the purpose or effect of determining or redetermining any Tax (including any administrative or judicial review of any claim for Refund).
“Tax-Free Status” means the treatment of the Transactions and any other transaction described in the Tax Opinions/Rulings, in accordance with the treatment set forth therein.
“Tax Incentive” means a Tax exemption, Tax holiday, Tax incentive, preferential Tax treatment, Tax deferral, Tax credit, or other Tax reduction agreement relating to the Merck Group or the Organon Group shown on Exhibit D.
“Tax Item” means any item of income, gain, loss, deduction, credit, recapture of credit, or any other item (including the basis or adjusted basis of property) which increases or decreases Taxes paid or payable in any taxable period.
“Tax Law” means the law of any governmental entity or political subdivision thereof relating to any Tax.
 
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“Tax Opinions” means (i) the written opinions on the U.S. federal Income Tax consequences of certain aspects of the Transactions provided by Baker & McKenzie LLP and/or Ernst & Young LLP to any member of the Merck Group or the Organon Group and (ii) any other written opinions on the U.S. state, local, and non-U.S. tax consequences of certain aspects of the Transactions provided by any Tax Advisors to any member of the Merck Group or Organon Group, in either case, requested prior to the Distribution.
“Tax Opinions/Rulings” means the Tax Opinions and/or the Tax Rulings shown on Exhibit E.
“Tax Period” means, with respect to any Tax, the period for which the Tax is reported as provided under the Code or other applicable Tax Law.
“Tax-Related Losses” means (a) all Taxes (including interest and penalties thereon) imposed pursuant to any settlement, Final Determination, judgment, or otherwise; (b) all accounting, legal, and other professional fees, and court costs incurred in connection with such Taxes; and (c) all costs, expenses, and damages associated with stockholder litigation or controversies and any amount paid by Merck (or any Merck Affiliate) or Organon (or any Organon Affiliate) in respect of the liability of shareholders, whether paid to shareholders or to the IRS or any other Tax Authority, in each case, resulting from the failure of the Transactions to have Tax-Free Status.
“Tax Return” means any report of Tax due, any claims for Refund of Tax paid, any information return with respect to Tax, any election made with respect to Tax, or any other similar report, statement, declaration, or document required to be filed under the Code or other law with respect to Tax, including any attachments, exhibits, or other materials submitted with any of the foregoing, and including any amendments or supplements to any of the foregoing for any taxpayer or consolidated, combined, or unitary group of taxpayers.
“Tax Return Preparer” means (i) with respect to any Tax Return that Merck is responsible for preparing under Section 3.1(a), Merck, and (ii) with respect to any Tax Return that Organon is responsible for preparing under Section 3.1(b), Organon.
“Tax Ruling” means a ruling issued by a Tax Authority pursuant to a Ruling Request filed by or on behalf of the Merck Group with respect to the Transactions (including any supplemental rulings).
“Transactions” has the meaning set forth in the Recitals.
“Treasury Regulations” means the regulations promulgated from time to time under the Code as in effect for the relevant Tax Period.
“Unqualified Tax Opinion” means an unqualified “will” opinion of a Tax Advisor, which Tax Advisor is acceptable to Merck, on which Merck may rely to the effect that a transaction will not affect the Tax-Free Status. Any such opinion must assume that the Transactions would have qualified for Tax-Free Status if the transaction in question did not occur.
ARTICLE II
RESPONSIBILITY FOR TAX
Section 2.1 General Rule.
(a) Merck Liability. Merck shall be liable for, and shall indemnify and hold harmless the Organon Group from and against any liability for, Taxes which are allocated to Merck under this Article II.
 
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(b) Organon Liability. Organon shall be liable for, and shall indemnify and hold harmless the Merck Group from and against any liability for, Taxes which are allocated to Organon under this Article II.
Section 2.2 Allocation of Income Taxes.
Except as provided in Section 2.5, all Income Taxes of the Merck Group and Organon Group shall be allocated as follows:
(a) Allocation of Income Taxes Relating to Joint Returns.
(i) Pre-Distribution Tax Period Joint Returns. With respect to all Pre-Distribution Tax Periods, Merck shall be responsible for any and all Income Taxes (including estimated Income Taxes) shown as due and owing on any originally filed Joint Return, and any and all Income Taxes as a result of either an amended Joint Return or a Final Determination or other adjustment made by a Tax Authority with respect to any Income Tax Item relating to a Joint Return.
(ii) Merck U.S. Consolidated Return. All U.S. federal Income Tax Returns that are Joint Returns filed by Merck as the common parent of a consolidated group shall be treated as Tax Returns filed with respect to a Pre-Distribution Tax Period, without regard to whether a Tax Period ends after the Distribution Date.
(b) Allocation of Income Taxes Relating to Separate Returns.
(i) Merck Separate Returns. Merck shall be responsible for any and all Income Taxes (including estimated Income Taxes) shown as due and owing on any originally filed Merck Separate Return, and any and all Income Taxes as a result of either an amended Merck Separate Return or a Final Determination or other adjustment made by a Tax Authority with respect to any Income Tax Item relating to a Merck Separate Return, for all Tax Periods.
(ii) Organon Separate Returns. Subject to Schedule 2.2, Organon shall be responsible for any and all Income Taxes (including estimated Income Taxes) shown as due and owing on any originally filed Organon Separate Return, and any and all Income Taxes as a result of either an amended Organon Separate Return or a Final Determination or other adjustment made by a Tax Authority with respect to any Income Tax Item relating to a Organon Separate Return, for all Tax Periods.
Section 2.3 Non-Income Taxes.
Subject to Section 2.5, all Non-Income Taxes of the Merck Group and Organon Group shall be allocated as follows:
(a) Pre-Distribution Tax Period Non-Income Taxes. For all Pre-Distribution Tax Periods, (i) Merck shall be responsible for any and all Non-Income Taxes that are attributable to the Merck Business, and (ii) Organon shall be responsible for any and all Non-Income Taxes that are attributable to the Organon Business.
(b) Post-Distribution Tax Period Non-Income Taxes. For all Post-Distribution Tax Periods, (i) Merck shall be responsible for any and all Non-Income Taxes imposed on the Merck Group and (ii) Organon shall be responsible for any and all Non-Income Taxes imposed on the Organon Group.
 
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(c) Pharma Fee. Notwithstanding Section 2.3(a), for all Tax Periods, (i) Merck shall be responsible for any Pharma Fee imposed on the Merck Group and (ii) Organon shall be responsible for any Pharma Fee imposed on the Organon Group; provided, however, that Organon shall be responsible for any Pharma Fee imposed on the Merck Group relating to transactions that (i) occur on or after November 1, 2020 and (ii) are attributable to the Organon Business or otherwise results from assets, intellectual property, or other products owned by the Organon Group immediately after the Distribution.
Section 2.4 Property Taxes.
Merck shall be responsible for Property Taxes imposed with respect to any property owned by any member of the Merck Group during a Tax Period, and Organon shall be responsible for Property Taxes imposed with respect to property owned by any member of the Organon Group during a Tax Period. In the event that Property Taxes are imposed with respect to property that is owned by both a member of the Merck Group and a member of the Organon Group during a Tax Period, the amount of Property Taxes for which each of Merck and Organon is liable shall be computed on a daily pro rata basis with respect to the number of days the Merck Group member and the Organon Group member, respectively, owned the property.
Section 2.5 Certain Transaction Taxes, Section 965 Liability, and Breaches of Representations or Covenants.
(a) The Parties acknowledge and agree that this Agreement, including Article II, shall not apply with respect to any and all Employment Taxes, for which the Employee Matters Agreement shall govern.
(b) Any Separation Taxes shall be allocated to Merck.
(c) Any Section 965 Liability shall be allocated to Merck.
(d) Organon shall be responsible for: (i) any and all Tax-Related Losses for which Organon is responsible pursuant to Section 4.5 of this Agreement; and (ii) any and all Taxes resulting from a breach by any member of the Organon Group of any representation or covenant in this Agreement.
(e) Merck shall be responsible for: (i) any and all Tax-Related Losses for which Merck is responsible pursuant to Section 4.5 of this Agreement; and (ii) any and all Taxes resulting from a breach by any member of the Merck Group of any representation or covenant in this Agreement.
Section 2.6 Determination of Tax Attributable to Merck Business and Organon Business.
(a) For purposes of this Article II, the amount of Taxes attributable to either the Merck Business or Organon Business for any Tax Period shall be determined by Merck, in Merck’s sole discretion, in a manner consistent with the past return filing practices (if any) of the Merck Group with respect to the relevant Tax Return (including any past accounting methods, elections and conventions).
(b) Limitation. The amount of Taxes attributable to the Organon Business for any Tax Period shall not be less than zero.
Section 2.7 Proration of Taxes for Straddle Periods.
(a) If Merck determines, in its sole discretion, to close the taxable year of any member of the Organon Group for the purposes of any Tax as of the end of the Distribution Date, Merck and Organon shall take all commercially reasonable actions necessary or appropriate to so close such taxable year, to the extent permitted by applicable law.
 
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(b) For any Straddle Period, Taxes for the Pre-Distribution Tax Period shall be computed (i) in the case of Taxes imposed on a periodic basis, on a daily pro rata basis and (ii) in the case of other Taxes generally, as if the Tax Period ended as of the close of business on the Distribution Date.
Section 2.8 Tax Refunds.
(a) Subject to Section 2.8(b), and except as provided in Section 2.9, if Merck, Organon or any of their respective Affiliates receives any refund of Taxes, or any rebate or other repayment of an amount in addition or adjustment with respect to Taxes, whether from a Tax Authority or other entity (collectively, a “Refund”), with respect to any Taxes for which the other Party is allocated responsibility under this Article II (a “Refund Recipient”), such Refund Recipient or any of its Affiliates shall pay to the other Party the entire amount of the Refund (including interest received from the relevant Tax Authority or other entity, but net of any Taxes imposed with respect to such Refund and any other reasonable costs) within ten (10) business days of receipt thereof; provided, however, that the other Party, upon the request of such Refund Recipient, shall repay the amount paid to the other Party (plus any penalties, interest or other charges imposed by the relevant Tax Authority) in the event such Refund Recipient is required by applicable law to repay such Refund. In the event a Party would be a Refund Recipient but for the fact it elected to apply a Refund to which it would otherwise have been entitled against a Tax liability arising in a subsequent taxable period, then such Party shall be treated as a Refund Recipient and the economic benefit of so applying the Refund shall be treated as a Refund, and shall be paid within ten (10) business days of the due date of the Tax Return to which such Refund is applied to reduce the subsequent Tax liability.
(b) Notwithstanding anything in Section 2.8(a) to the contrary, no payments shall be required pursuant to Section 2.8(a) for overpayments shown on any originally filed Income Tax Return for a Pre-Distribution Tax Period (but not including any amended Income Tax Return or other Adjustment Request), unless the overpayment equals or exceeds $100,000. For the avoidance of doubt, any Refund of Income Taxes for a Pre-Distribution Tax Period received pursuant to a Final Determination, Adjustment Request, or other adjustment by a Tax Authority (but not an originally filed Income Tax Return), shall be governed by Section 2.2 and Section 2.8(a).
Section 2.9 Carrybacks and Claims for Refund.
(a) Organon hereby agrees that if a Tax Return of a member of the Organon Group for a Post-Distribution Tax Period reflects any Tax Attribute, then the applicable member of the Organon Group shall elect to relinquish, waive, or otherwise forgo the right to carry back any such Tax Attribute to a Pre-Distribution Tax Period with respect to a Joint Return to the extent permissible under applicable law.
(b) If, notwithstanding the provisions of Section 2.9(a), Organon is required to carry back a Tax Attribute, Merck shall promptly remit to Organon any Tax Benefit that the Merck Group actually realizes with respect to any such carryback on an “as and when” realized basis; provided, however, that Merck shall not be required to remit such Tax Benefit with respect to any such carryback arising from Taxes or Tax Attributes allocated to a member of the Merck Group under this Agreement.
(c) If Organon has a Tax Attribute that must be carried back to any Pre-Distribution Tax Period, Organon shall notify Merck in writing that such Tax Attribute must be carried back. Such notification shall include a description in reasonable detail of the basis for any Tax Benefit and the amount thereof, and a certification by an appropriate officer of Organon setting forth Organon’s belief (together with supporting analysis prepared by a Tax Advisor) that the Tax treatment of such Tax Attribute is more likely than not correct.
 
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(d) If Merck pays any amount to Organon under Section 2.9(b) and, as a result of a subsequent Final Determination, a Tax Benefit that gave rise to such payment is subsequently disallowed, Merck shall notify Organon of the amount to be repaid to Merck, and Organon shall then repay such amount to Merck, together with any interest, fines, additions to Tax, penalties, or any additional amounts imposed by a Tax Authority relating thereto.
(e) For purposes of this Agreement, a Tax Benefit shall be deemed to have been realized at the time any actual Refund of Taxes is received or applied against other cash Taxes due, or at the time of filing a Tax Return (including a Tax Return relating to estimated Taxes) on which a Tax Item is applied in reduction of cash Taxes that would otherwise be payable.
(f) For the avoidance of doubt, and notwithstanding Section 2.8, Merck shall be entitled to the Refund of any Taxes or other Tax Benefit attributable to the use or carryback of any Tax Attribute that was generated on a Joint Return or Merck Separate Return for any Tax Period that includes the Distribution Date or any Post-Distribution Tax Period; provided, however, that Merck shall not be entitled to the refund of any Taxes or other Tax Benefit attributable to any Taxes or Tax Attributes allocated to the Organon Group under this Agreement.
Section 2.10 Allocation of Tax Attributes.
(a) Merck shall in good faith advise Organon in writing of the amount, if any, of any Tax Attributes, which Merck determines, in its sole and absolute discretion, shall be allocated and apportioned to the Organon Group under applicable law, provided that this Section 2.10 shall not be construed as obligating Merck to undertake any such determination. Organon and all members of the Organon Group shall prepare all Tax Returns in accordance with such written notice. Organon agrees that it shall not dispute Merck’s allocation or apportionment of Tax Attributes. Organon may request that Merck undertake a determination of the portion, if any, of any particular Tax Attribute to be allocated or apportioned to the Organon Group under applicable law; to the extent that Merck determines, in its sole and absolute discretion, not to undertake such determination, or does not otherwise advise Organon of its intention to undertake such determination within twenty (20) business days of the receipt of such request, Organon shall be permitted to undertake such determination at its own cost and expense and shall notify Merck of its determination, which determination shall not be binding upon Merck.
(b) The allocations made under this Section 2.10 shall be revised by Merck, in its sole discretion, to reflect each subsequent Final Determination or change in law that affects such allocations or the amounts of Tax Attributes available for allocation.
(c) Notwithstanding anything to the contrary contained herein, for the avoidance of doubt, the Parties agree that Merck is not warranting or guaranteeing the amount of any such Tax Attributes and Merck shall not be liable to any member of the Organon Group for any failure of any determination under this Section 2.10 to be accurate under applicable law.
Section 2.11 Certain Allocations Under Other Transaction Documents.
The Parties acknowledge and agree that, notwithstanding anything contained herein to the contrary, this Agreement, including Article II hereof, shall not apply with respect to any and all Taxes and Tax Attributes that are expressly allocated pursuant to any Transaction Document (other than this Agreement) that is shown on Exhibit F, for which such other Transaction Document shall govern.
 
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ARTICLE III
TAX RETURNS, TAX CONTESTS AND OTHER ADMINISTRATIVE MATTERS
Section 3.1 Responsibility of Preparing Tax Returns.
(a) Merck shall timely prepare any Joint Returns or Merck Separate Returns that are required or permitted to be filed for any Tax Period. If Organon is responsible for filing any such Tax Return under Section 3.3(a) Merck shall, subject to Section 3.1(c), promptly deliver such prepared Tax Return to Organon no later than thirty (30) days in advance of the applicable filing deadline.
(b) Organon shall timely prepare any Organon Separate Returns that are required or permitted to be filed for any Tax Period. If Merck is responsible for filing any such Tax Return under Section 3.3(a), Organon shall, subject to Section 3.1(c), promptly deliver such prepared Tax Return to Merck no later than thirty (30) days in advance of the applicable filing deadline.
(c) To the extent that any Tax Return described in Section 3.1(a) or 3.1(b) directly relates to matters for which another Party may have an indemnification obligation to the Tax Return Preparer, that may give rise to a Refund to which that other Party would be entitled under this Agreement, or that may give rise to a Foreign Tax Redetermination for that other Party, the Tax Return Preparer shall (i) prepare the relevant portions of the Tax Return on a basis consistent with past practice, except (A) as required by applicable law or to correct any clear error, (B) as a result of changes or elections made on any Joint Return that do not relate primarily to the Organon Group or (C) as mutually agreed by the Parties; (ii) notify the other Party of any such portions not prepared on a basis consistent with past practice; (iii) provide the other Party a reasonable opportunity to review the relevant portions of the Tax Return; (iv) consider in good faith any reasonable comments made by the other Party; and (v) use commercially reasonable efforts to incorporate, in the portion of such Tax Return related to the other Party’s potential indemnification obligation (or Refund entitlement), any reasonable comments made by the other Party relating to the Tax Return Preparer’s compliance with clause (i). The Parties shall attempt in good faith to resolve any issues arising out of the review of any such Tax Return.
(d) The Tax treatment of the Transactions reported on any Tax Return shall be consistent with the treatment thereof in the Tax Opinions/Rulings, taking into account the jurisdiction in which such Tax Returns are filed, unless the Tax Return Preparer reasonably determines, upon advice from counsel, that there is no reasonable basis for such Tax treatment. Such treatment reported on any Tax Return for which Organon is the Tax Return Preparer shall be consistent with that on any Tax Return filed or to be filed by Merck or any member of the Merck Group or caused or to be caused to be filed by Merck, unless Organon reasonably determines, upon advice from counsel, that there is no reasonable basis for such Tax treatment. In the event that a Party shall reasonably determine, upon advice from counsel, that there is no reasonable basis for the Tax treatment described in either of the preceding two sentences, such Party shall notify the other Party twenty (20) business days prior to filing the relevant Tax Return and the Parties shall attempt in good faith to agree on the manner in which the relevant portion of the Transactions shall be reported.
Section 3.2 Information Packages.
Each Party (i) shall provide to the other Party (in the format reasonably determined by the other Party) all information and assistance requested by the other Party as reasonably necessary to prepare any Tax Return described in Section 3.1(a) or Section 3.1(b) on a timely basis consistent with the current practices of the Merck Group in preparing Tax Returns, but in no event later than thirty (30) days following receipt of such request from the other Party, and (ii) in so providing such information and assistance, shall use any systems and third-party service providers as are consistent with the current practices of the Merck Group in preparing Tax Returns.
 
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Section 3.3 Filing of Tax Returns and Payment of Taxes.
(a) Each Party shall execute and timely file each Tax Return that it is responsible for filing under applicable law and shall timely pay to the relevant Tax Authority any amount shown as due on each such Tax Return. The obligation to make payments pursuant to this Section 3.3(a) shall not affect a Party’s right, if any, to receive payments under Section 3.3(b) or otherwise be indemnified with respect to that Tax liability.
(b) In addition to its obligations under Section 3.1(c), the relevant Tax Return Preparer shall, no later than five (5) business days before the due date (including extensions) of any Tax Return described in Section 3.1(a) or Section 3.1(b), notify the other Party of any amount (or any portion of any such amount) shown as due on that Tax Return for which the other Party must indemnify the Tax Return Preparer under this Agreement, as well as any amount with respect to which the other Party may have a Foreign Tax Redetermination obligation. If the other Party must indemnify the Tax Return Preparer, the other Party shall pay such amount to the Tax Return Preparer no later than the due date (including extensions) of the relevant Tax Return. If the Tax Return Preparer must indemnify the other Party for any amount with respect to a Tax Return for which the other Party has the filing obligation under Section 3.3(a), the Tax Return Preparer shall pay such amount to the other Party no later than the due date (including extensions) of the relevant Tax Return. A failure by an Indemnitee to give notice as provided in this Section 3.3(b) shall not relieve the Indemnifying Party’s indemnification obligations under this Agreement, except to the extent that the Indemnifying Party shall have been actually prejudiced by such failure.
(c) Any Tax Indemnity Payment required to be made by the Indemnifying Party pursuant to this Section 3.3 shall be reduced by any corresponding Tax Benefit. For the avoidance of doubt, a Tax Benefit payment is treated as corresponding to a Tax Indemnity Payment to the extent the Tax Benefit realized is directly attributable to the same Tax Item (or adjustment of such Tax Item pursuant to a Final Determination) that gave rise to the Tax Indemnity Payment.
(d) All indemnification payments under this Agreement shall be made by Merck directly to Organon and by Organon directly to Merck; provided, however, that if the Parties mutually agree with respect to any such indemnification payment, any member of the Merck Group, on the one hand, may make such indemnification payment to any member of the Organon Group, on the other hand, and vice versa. All indemnification payments shall be treated in the manner described in Section 5.4.
(e) Each Party shall, in its sole discretion, be permitted to file any Adjustment Request for any Tax Returns that it is responsible for preparing pursuant to Section 3.1(a) or Section 3.1(b): provided that, unless otherwise required by a Final Determination, no such Adjustment Request shall be filed for any Tax Period that begins on or before the Distribution Date (including any Straddle Period) to the extent that any such Adjustment Request (i) reasonably would be expected to materially adversely impact the other Party or (ii) is inconsistent with past practice, in each case, without the prior written consent of the other Party, which consent shall not be unreasonably withheld, conditioned, or delayed.
Section 3.4 Tax Contests.
(a) Notice. Merck or Organon, as applicable, shall, within fifteen (15) business days of becoming aware of any Tax Contest that reasonably could be expected to cause the other Party to have an indemnification obligation or Refund under this Agreement or a Foreign Tax Redetermination obligation, notify the other Party of such Tax Contest and thereafter promptly forward or make available to the Indemnifying Party copies of notices and communications relating to the relevant portions of such Tax Contest. A failure by an Indemnitee to give notice as provided in this Section 3.4(a) (or to promptly forward any such notices or communications) shall not relieve the Indemnifying Party’s indemnification obligations under this Agreement, except to the extent that the Indemnifying Party shall have been actually prejudiced by such failure.
 
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(b) Control of Tax Contests.
(i) Separate Returns. In the case of any Tax Contest with respect to any Tax Item reported on a Separate Return, the Party having liability for the Tax pursuant to Article II hereof shall have exclusive control over the Tax Contest, including exclusive authority with respect to any settlement of such Tax liability, subject to Section 3.4(b)(iii) and Section 3.4(b)(iv) below. Notwithstanding the foregoing, Merck shall be entitled to control exclusively the conduct and settlement of any Tax Contest with respect to any Non-Income Tax Item reported on a Merck Separate Return if Merck notifies Organon that (notwithstanding the rights and obligations of the Parties under this Agreement) Merck waives its right to indemnity with respect to such Non-Income Tax Item and agrees to pay (and indemnify Organon against) any Taxes resulting from such Tax Contest. Organon shall be entitled to control exclusively the conduct and settlement of any Tax Contest with respect to any Non-Income Tax Item reported on an Organon Separate Return if Organon notifies Merck that (notwithstanding the rights and obligations of the Parties under this Agreement) Organon waives its right to indemnity with respect to such Non-Income Tax Item and agrees to pay (and indemnify Merck against) any Taxes resulting from such Tax Contest.
(ii) Joint Returns. In the case of any Tax Contest with respect to any Tax Item reported on a Joint Return, Merck shall have exclusive control over the Tax Contest, including exclusive authority with respect to any settlement of such Tax liability, subject to Section 3.4(b)(iii) and Section 3.4(b)(iv) below.
(iii) Settlement Rights. The Controlling Party shall have the sole right to contest, litigate, compromise and settle any Tax Contest without obtaining the prior consent of the Non-Controlling Party. Unless waived by the Parties in writing, in connection with any potential adjustment in a Tax Contest as a result of which adjustment the Non-Controlling Party may reasonably be expected to become liable to make any indemnification payment to the Controlling Party under this Agreement: (i) the Controlling Party shall keep the Non-Controlling Party informed in a timely manner of all actions taken or proposed to be taken by the Controlling Party with respect to such potential adjustment in such Tax Contest; (ii) the Controlling Party shall timely provide the Non-Controlling Party copies of any written materials relating to such potential adjustment in such Tax Contest received from any Tax Authority; (iii) the Controlling Party shall timely provide the Non-Controlling Party with copies of any correspondence or filings submitted to any Tax Authority or judicial authority in connection with such potential adjustment in such Tax Contest; (iv) the Controlling Party shall consult with the Non-Controlling Party and offer the Non-Controlling Party a reasonable opportunity to comment before submitting any written materials prepared or furnished in connection with such potential adjustment in such Tax Contest; and (v) the Controlling Party shall defend such Tax Contest diligently and in good faith. The failure of the Controlling Party to take any action specified in the preceding sentence with respect to the Non-Controlling Party shall not relieve the Non-Controlling Party of any liability and/or obligation which it may have to the Controlling Party under this Agreement except to the extent that the Non-Controlling Party was actually harmed by such failure, and in no event shall such failure relieve the Non-Controlling Party from any other liability or obligation which it may have to the Controlling Party. In the case of any Tax Contest described in this Section 3.4(b)(iii) or Section 3.4(b)(iv), “Controlling Party” means the Party entitled to control the Tax Contest under Section 3.4(b)(i) or
Section 3.4(b)(ii), as the case may be, and “Non-Controlling Party” means the other Party.
 
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(iv) Tax Contest Participation. Unless waived by the Parties in writing, the Controlling Party shall provide the Non-Controlling Party with written notice reasonably in advance of, and the Non-Controlling Party shall have the right to attend, any formally scheduled meetings with Tax Authorities or hearings or proceedings before any judicial authorities in connection with any potential adjustment in a Tax Contest pursuant to which the Non-Controlling Party may reasonably be expected to become liable to make any indemnification payment to the Controlling Party under this Agreement. The failure of the Controlling Party to provide any notice specified in this Section 3.4(b)(iv) to the Non-Controlling Party shall not relieve the Non-Controlling Party of any liability and/or obligation which it may have to the Controlling Party under this Agreement except to the extent that the Non-Controlling Party was actually harmed by such failure, and in no event shall such failure relieve the Non-Controlling Party from any other liability or obligation which it may have to the Controlling Party.
(c) Power of Attorney. Each member of the Organon Group shall execute and deliver to Merck (or such member of the Merck Group as Merck shall designate) any power of attorney or other similar document reasonably requested by Merck (or such designee) in connection with any Tax Contest (as to which Merck is the Controlling Party) described in this Section 3.4. Each member of the Merck Group shall execute and deliver to Organon (or such member of the Organon Group as Organon shall designate) any power of attorney or other similar document requested by Organon (or such designee) in connection with any Tax Contest (as to which Organon is the Controlling Party) described in this Section 3.4.
Section 3.5 Reliance by Merck. If any member of the Organon Group supplies information to a member of the Merck Group in connection with a Tax liability and an officer of a member of the Merck Group signs a statement or other document under penalties of perjury in reliance upon the accuracy of such information, then upon the written request of such member of the Merck Group identifying the information being so relied upon, the chief financial officer of Organon (or any officer or Vice President of Tax of Organon as designated by the chief financial officer of Organon) shall certify in writing that to his or her knowledge (based upon consultation with appropriate employees) the information so supplied is accurate and complete.
Section 3.6 Reliance by Organon.
Subject to Section 2.10(c), if any member of the Merck Group supplies information to a member of the Organon Group in connection with a Tax liability and an officer of a member of the Organon Group signs a statement or other document under penalties of perjury in reliance upon the accuracy of such information, then upon the written request of such member of the Organon Group identifying the information being so relied upon, the chief financial officer of Merck (or any officer or Vice President of Tax of Merck as designated by the chief financial officer of Merck) shall certify in writing that to his or her knowledge (based upon consultation with appropriate employees) the information so supplied is accurate and complete.
Section 3.7 Tax Incentives.
Merck or Organon, as applicable, shall (i) provide written notice to the other Party describing any action that could reasonably be expected to cause the other Party to lose all or any part of, or otherwise affect the terms and conditions of, any Tax Incentive granted to the other Party by any Tax Authority, or that could reasonably be expected to cause the other Party to repay any Tax Incentive previously granted by any Tax Authority and (ii) shall consult with the other Party regarding any such proposed action reasonably in advance of taking such action.
 
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Section 3.8 Expenses and Applicability.
After the Distribution, each Party shall bear its own expenses in the course of any Tax Contest, other than expenses included in the definition of Tax-Related Losses.
ARTICLE IV
TAX-FREE STATUS
Section 4.1 Tax Opinions/Rulings and Representation Letters.
Each of Merck and Organon hereby represents and agrees that: (i) it has or will read the Representation Letters deliverable to the applicable Tax Advisors in connection with the rendering of the Tax Opinions prior to the date submitted and has or will read any Representation Letter (including any Ruling Request) delivered to any Tax Authority in connection with obtaining any Tax Ruling prior to the date of this Agreement, and (ii) subject to any qualifications therein, all information contained in such Representation Letters and Ruling Requests that concerns or relates to such Party or its Affiliates will be true, correct, and complete.
Section 4.2 Restrictions on Organon.
(a) Organon agrees that it will not take or fail to take, or permit any member of the Organon Group to take or fail to take, any action where such action or failure to act would be inconsistent with or cause to be untrue any material, information, covenant, or representation in any Representation Letters or Tax Opinions/Rulings. Organon agrees that it will not take or fail to take, or permit any member of the Organon Group to take or fail to take, any action which prevents or could reasonably be expected to prevent: (i) the Tax-Free Status, or (ii) any transaction contemplated by the Separation Agreement which is intended by the Parties to be tax-free (including, but not limited to, those transactions which any Tax Authority has ruled qualify for tax-free treatment in a Tax Ruling) from so qualifying, including, in the case of Organon, issuing any Organon Capital Stock that would prevent the Distribution from qualifying as a tax-free distribution within the meaning of Section 355 of the Code.
(b) Organon agrees that, from the date hereof until the first day after the two-year anniversary of the Distribution Date, it will: (i) maintain its status as a company engaged in the Active Trade or Business for purposes of Section 355(b)(2) of the Code, (ii) not engage in any transaction that would result in it ceasing to be a company engaged in the Active Trade or Business for purposes of Section 355(b)(2) of the Code, (iii) cause each Organon Affiliate whose Active Trade or Business is relied upon in the Tax Opinions/Rulings for purposes of qualifying a transaction as tax-free pursuant to Section 355 of the Code or other Tax Law to maintain its status as a company engaged in such Active Trade or Business for purposes of Code Section 355(b)(2) of the Code and any such other applicable Tax Law, and (iv) not engage in any transaction or permit any Organon Affiliate to engage in any transaction that would result in an Organon Affiliate described in clause (iii) hereof ceasing to be a company engaged in the relevant Active Trade or Business for purposes of Section 355(b)(2) or such other applicable Tax Law, in each case, taking into account Section 355(b)(3) of the Code for purposes of clauses (i) through (iv) hereof.
(c) Organon agrees that, from the date hereof until the first day after the two-year anniversary of the Distribution Date, it shall not (and shall not cause or permit of its Affiliates to), in a single transaction or series of transactions:
(i) enter into any Proposed Acquisition Transaction or, to the extent Organon has the right to prohibit any Proposed Acquisition Transaction, permit any Proposed Acquisition Transaction to occur (whether by (A) redeeming rights under a shareholder rights plan, (B) finding a tender offer to be a “permitted offer” under any such plan or otherwise causing any such plan to be inapplicable
 
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or neutralized with respect to any Proposed Acquisition Transaction, (C) approving any Proposed Acquisition Transaction, whether for purposes of Section 203 of the DGCL or any similar corporate statute, any “fair price” or other provision of Organon’s charter or bylaws or otherwise, or (D) amending its certificate of incorporation to declassify its Board of Directors or approving any such amendment, or otherwise),
(ii) except as provided in Exhibit G, liquidate, partially liquidate, merge or consolidate with any other Person,
(iii) sell or transfer (other than sales or transfers of inventory in the ordinary course of business) all or substantially all of the assets that were transferred to Organon or an Organon Affiliate as part of the Separation or sell or transfer (or cause or permit to be transferred) twenty-five percent (25%) or more of the gross assets of any Active Trade or Business or twenty-five percent (25%) or more of the consolidated gross assets of Organon and its Affiliates (such percentages to be measured based on fair market value as of the Distribution Date),
(iv) enter into, permit, approve of or fail to take any action within its control to prevent any transactions relating to any Organon Capital Stock, or rights to acquire Organon Capital Stock, including any redemption or other repurchase (directly or through an Affiliate) of Organon Capital Stock, other than (A) issuances of stock that satisfy the requirements of Safe Harbor VIII (relating to acquisitions in connection with a Person’s performance of services) or Safe Harbor IX (relating to acquisitions by a retirement plan of an employer) of Treasury Regulations Section 1.355-7(d), or (B) such transactions that are undertaken in a manner consistent with (I) Section 4.05(l)(b) of Revenue Procedure 96-30 (as in effect prior to the amendment of such Revenue Procedure by Revenue Procedure 2003-48 and prior to being superseded by Revenue Procedure 2017-52) or (II) the Representation Letters,
(v) amend its certificate of incorporation (or other organizational documents), or take any other action, whether through a stockholder vote or otherwise, affecting the voting rights of Organon Capital Stock (including, without limitation, through the conversion of one class of Organon Capital Stock into another class of Organon Capital Stock), or
(vi) take any other action or actions (including any action or transaction that would be reasonably likely to be inconsistent with any representation made in the Representation Letters or the Tax Opinions/Rulings) which in the aggregate (and taking into account any other transactions described in this subparagraph (c)) would be reasonably likely to have the effect of causing or permitting one or more Persons (whether or not acting in concert) to acquire directly or indirectly stock representing a Fifty-Percent or Greater Interest in Organon or otherwise jeopardize the Tax-Free Status unless, prior to taking any such action set forth in the foregoing clauses (i) through (vi), (A) Organon shall have requested that Merck obtain a Tax Ruling in accordance with Section 4.4(b) and Section 4.4(d) of this Agreement to the effect that such transaction will not affect the Tax-Free Status and Merck shall have received such a Tax Ruling in form and substance reasonably satisfactory to Merck (and in determining whether a Tax Ruling is reasonably satisfactory, Merck may consider, among other factors, the appropriateness of any underlying assumptions and management’s representations made in connection with such Tax Ruling), (B) Organon shall provide Merck with an Unqualified Tax Opinion in form and substance reasonably satisfactory to Merck (and in determining whether an opinion is reasonably satisfactory, Merck may consider, among other factors, the appropriateness of any underlying assumptions and management’s representations if used as a basis for the opinion) or (C) Merck shall have waived the requirement to obtain such Tax Ruling or Unqualified Tax Opinion. Notwithstanding the foregoing, for the avoidance of doubt, Organon shall be liable for any Tax actually incurred as a result of any action or failure to act described in Section 4.2(c)(ii) through Section 4.2(c)(vi), as provided in Section 2.5 and Section 4.5.
 
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(d) Certain Issuances of Organon Capital Stock. If Organon proposes to enter into any Section 4.2(d) Acquisition Transaction or, to the extent Organon has the right to prohibit any Section 4.2(d) Acquisition Transaction, proposes to permit any Section 4.2(d) Acquisition Transaction to occur, in each case, during the period from the date hereof until the first day after the two-year anniversary of the Distribution Date, Organon shall provide Merck, no later than ten (10) days following the signing of any written agreement with respect to the Section 4.2(d) Acquisition Transaction, with a written description of such transaction (including the type and amount of Organon Capital Stock to be issued in such transaction) and a certificate of the Board of Directors of Organon to the effect that the Section 4.2(d) Acquisition Transaction is not a Proposed Acquisition Transaction or any other transaction to which the requirements of Section 4.2(c) apply (a “Board Certificate”).
(e) Organon Internal Restructuring. Organon shall provide written notice to Merck describing any internal restructuring (including by making or revoking any election under Treasury Regulations Section 301.7701-3) involving a member of the Organon Group or any contribution, sale or other transfer of any of the assets directly or indirectly contributed to Organon as described in the Separation Agreement, to Organon or any of its Affiliates, apart from sales in the ordinary course of business proposed to be taken during or with respect to any Tax Period (or portion thereof) beginning after the Distribution Date and ending on or prior to the two-year anniversary of such Distribution Date, and shall consult with Merck regarding any such proposed actions reasonably in advance of taking any such proposed actions and shall consider in good faith any comments from Merck relating thereto.
(f) Gain Recognition Agreements. Organon shall not (i) take any action (including, but not limited to, the sale or disposition of any stock, securities, or other assets), (ii) permit any member of the Organon Group to take any such action, (iii) fail to take any action, or (iv) permit any member of the Organon Group to fail to take any action, in each case that would cause Merck or any member of the Merck Group to recognize gain under any Gain Recognition Agreement. In addition, Organon shall file, and shall cause any member of the Organon Group to file, any Gain Recognition Agreement reasonably requested by Merck which Gain Recognition Agreement is determined by Merck to be necessary so as to (i) allow for or preserve the tax-free or tax-deferred nature, in whole or part, of any Transaction, or (ii) avoid Merck or any member of the Merck Group recognizing gain under any Gain Recognition Agreement.
Section 4.3 Restrictions on Merck. Merck agrees that it will not take or fail to take, or permit any member of the Merck Group to take or fail to take, any action where such action or failure to act would be inconsistent with or cause to be untrue any material, information, covenant or representation in any Representation Letters or Tax Opinions/Rulings, and where any such action or failure to act would give rise to Taxes for which Merck is not already liable under this Agreement. Merck agrees that it will not take or fail to take, or permit any member of the Merck Group to take or fail to take, any action which prevents or could reasonably be expected to prevent: (i) the Tax-Free Status, or (ii) any transaction contemplated by the Separation Agreement which is intended by the Parties to be tax-free (including, but not limited to, those transactions which any Tax Authority has ruled qualify for tax-free treatment in a Tax Ruling) from so qualifying, including, in the case of Merck, issuing any Merck Capital Stock that would prevent the Distribution from qualifying as a tax-free distribution within the meaning of Section 355 of the Code, in each case where any such action or failure to act would give rise to Taxes for which Merck is not already liable under this Agreement.
Section 4.4 Procedures Regarding Opinions and Rulings.
(a) If Organon notifies Merck that it desires to take one of the actions described in clauses (i) through (vi) of Section 4.2(c) (a “Notified Action”), Merck and Organon shall reasonably cooperate to attempt to obtain the Tax Ruling or Unqualified Tax Opinion referred to in Section 4.2(c), unless Merck shall have waived the requirement to obtain such Tax Ruling or Unqualified Tax Opinion.
 
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(b) Merck agrees that at the reasonable request of Organon pursuant to Section 4.2(c), Merck shall cooperate with Organon and use its reasonable best efforts to seek to obtain, as expeditiously as possible, a Tax Ruling from the IRS or other applicable Tax Authority or an Unqualified Tax Opinion for the purpose of permitting Organon to take the Notified Action. Further, in no event shall Merck be required to file any Ruling Request under this Section 4.4(b) unless Organon represents that: (i) it has read the Ruling Request, and (ii) all information and representations, if any, relating to any member of the Organon Group, contained in the Ruling Request documents are (subject to any qualifications therein) true, correct, and complete. Organon shall reimburse Merck for all reasonable costs and expenses incurred by the Merck Group in obtaining a Tax Ruling or Unqualified Tax Opinion requested by Organon within ten (10) business days after receiving an invoice from Merck therefor.
(c) Merck shall have the right to obtain a Tax Ruling or any Tax opinion (including an Unqualified Tax Opinion) at any time in its sole and absolute discretion. If Merck determines to obtain a Tax Ruling or an Unqualified Tax Opinion, Organon shall (and shall cause each Affiliate of Organon to) cooperate with Merck and take any and all actions reasonably requested by Merck in connection with obtaining the Tax Ruling or Unqualified Tax Opinion (including, without limitation, by making any representation or covenant or providing any materials or information requested by the IRS or Tax Advisor). Merck shall reimburse Organon for all reasonable costs and expenses incurred by the Organon Group in obtaining a Tax Ruling or Unqualified Tax Opinion requested by Merck within ten (10) business days after receiving an invoice from Organon therefor.
(d) Organon hereby agrees that Merck shall have sole and exclusive control over the process of obtaining any Tax Ruling, and that only Merck shall apply for a Tax Ruling. In connection with obtaining a Tax Ruling pursuant to Section 4.4(b): (i) Merck shall keep Organon informed in a timely manner of all material actions taken or proposed to be taken by Merck in connection therewith; (ii) Merck shall (A) reasonably in advance of the submission of any Ruling Request documents provide Organon with a draft copy thereof, (B) reasonably consider Organon’s comments on such draft copy, and (C) provide Organon with a final copy; and (iii) Merck shall provide Organon with notice reasonably in advance of, and Organon shall have the right to attend, any formally scheduled meetings with the IRS (subject to the approval of the IRS) that relate to such Tax Ruling. Neither Organon nor any Affiliates of Organon shall seek any guidance from the IRS or any other Tax Authority (whether written, verbal or otherwise) at any time concerning the Transactions.
Section 4.5 Liability for Tax-Related Losses.
(a) Notwithstanding anything in this Agreement or the Separation Agreement to the contrary, subject to Section 4.5(c), Organon shall be responsible for, and shall indemnify and hold harmless Merck and each of its Affiliates and each of their respective officers, directors and employees from and against, one hundred percent (100%) of any Tax-Related Losses that are attributable to or result from any one or more of the following: (i) the acquisition (other than pursuant to the Transactions or any other disposition of Organon Stock by Merck) of all or a portion of the stock and/or assets of Organon and/or its subsidiaries by any means whatsoever by any Person, (ii) any negotiations, understandings, agreements or arrangements by Organon with respect to transactions or events (including, without limitation, stock issuances, pursuant to the exercise of stock options or otherwise, option grants, capital contributions or acquisitions, or a series of such transactions or events) that cause the Distribution to be treated as part of a plan pursuant to which one or more Persons acquire directly or indirectly stock of Organon representing a Fifty-Percent or Greater Interest therein, (iii) any action or failure to act by Organon or a member of the Organon Group after the Distribution (including, without limitation, any amendment to Organon’s certificate of incorporation (or other organizational documents), whether through a stockholder vote or otherwise) affecting the voting rights of Organon stock (including, without limitation, through the conversion of one class of Organon Capital Stock into another class of Organon Capital Stock), (iv) any act or failure to act by Organon or any Organon Affiliate described in Section 4.2 (regardless whether such act or failure to act is covered by a Tax Ruling, Unqualified Tax Opinion or waiver described in clause (A), (B) or (C) of Section 4.2(c) or a Board Certificate described in Section 4.2(d)) or (v) any breach by Organon of its agreement and representations set forth in Section 4.1.
 
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(b) Notwithstanding anything in this Agreement or the Separation Agreement to the contrary, subject to Section 4.5(c), Merck shall be responsible for, and shall indemnify and hold harmless Organon and its Affiliates and each of their respective officers, directors and employees from and against, one hundred percent (100%) of any Tax-Related Losses that are attributable to, or result from any one or more of the following: (i) the acquisition (other than pursuant to the Transactions) of all or a portion of the stock and/or assets of Merck and/or its subsidiaries by any means whatsoever by any Person, (ii) any negotiations, understandings, agreements or arrangements by Merck with respect to transactions or events (including, without limitation, stock issuances, pursuant to the exercise of stock options or otherwise, option grants, capital contributions or acquisitions, or a series of such transactions or events) that cause the Distribution to be treated as part of a plan pursuant to which one or more Persons acquire directly or indirectly stock of Merck representing a Fifty-Percent or Greater Interest therein, (iii) any action or failure to act by Merck or a member of the Merck Group after the Distribution (including, without limitation, any amendment to Merck’s certificate of incorporation (or other organizational documents), whether through a stockholder vote or otherwise) affecting the voting rights of Merck stock (including, without limitation, through the conversion of one class of Merck Capital Stock into another class of Merck Capital Stock), (iv) any act or failure to act by Merck or any Merck Affiliate described in Section 4.3, or (v) any breach by Merck of its agreement and representations set forth in Section 4.1.
(c) To the extent that any Tax-Related Loss is subject to indemnity under both Section 4.5(a) and Section 4.5(b), responsibility for such Tax-Related Loss shall be shared by Merck and Organon according to relative fault.
(d) If the indemnification obligations resulting from the failure of the Transactions to have Tax-Free Status are not otherwise addressed by any of the provisions in this Section 4.5, any Tax-Related Losses resulting therefrom shall be allocated to (i) Merck in an amount equal to such Tax-Related Loss multiplied by the Merck Liability Percentage and (ii) to Organon in an amount equal to such Tax-Related Loss multiplied by the Organon Liability Percentage.
(e) Notwithstanding anything in Section 4.5(b) or Section 4.5(c)(i) or any other provision of this Agreement or the Separation Agreement to the contrary, with respect to (I) any Tax-Related Loss resulting from Section 355(e) of the Code (other than as a result of an acquisition of a Fifty-Percent or Greater Interest in Merck, or any predecessor or successor thereto, within the meaning of Treasury Regulation Section 1.355-8) and (II) any other Tax-Related Loss resulting (for the absence of doubt, in whole or in part) from an acquisition (other than pursuant to the Transactions) after the Distribution of any stock or assets of Organon (or any Organon Affiliate or predecessor or successor thereto, within the meaning of Treasury Regulation Section 1.355-8) by any means whatsoever by any Person or any action or failure to act by Organon affecting the voting rights of Organon stock, Organon shall be responsible for, and shall indemnify and hold harmless Merck and its Affiliates and each of their respective officers, directors and employees from and against, one hundred percent (100%) of such Tax-Related Loss.
(f) Notwithstanding anything in Section 4.5(a) or Section 4.5(c)(ii) or any other provision of this Agreement or the Separation Agreement to the contrary, with respect to (I) any Tax-Related Loss resulting from Section 355(e) of the Code (other than as a result of an acquisition of a Fifty-Percent or Greater Interest in Organon or any predecessor or successor thereto, within the meaning of Treasury Regulation Section 1.355-8) and (II) any other Tax-Related Loss resulting (for the absence of doubt, in whole or in part) from an acquisition (other than pursuant to the Transactions) after the
 
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Distribution of any stock or assets of Merck (or any Merck Affiliate or predecessor or successor thereto, within the meaning of Treasury Regulation Section 1.355-8) by any means whatsoever by any Person or any action or failure to act by Merck affecting the voting rights of Merck stock, Merck shall be responsible for, and shall indemnify and hold harmless Organon and its Affiliates and each of their -respective officers, directors and employees from and against, one hundred percent (100%) of such Tax-Related Loss.
Section 4.6 Reporting, Protective Section 336(e) Election.
(a) Merck and Organon shall (i) timely file any appropriate information and statements (including as required by Section 6045B of the Code and Section 1.355-5 and, to the extent applicable, Section 1.368-3 of the Treasury Regulations) to report each step of the Transactions as qualifying for its Tax-Free Status and (ii) absent a change of law or an applicable Final Determination otherwise, not take any position on any Tax Return that is inconsistent with such qualification.
(b) Each Party covenants and agrees that it will make a protective election under Section 336(e) of the Code (a “Section 336(e) Election”) with respect to the Transactions, and that:
(i) Merck, Organon and their respective Affiliates shall cooperate in making the Section 336(e) Election, including by filing any statements, amending any Tax Returns or taking such other actions reasonably necessary to carry out the Section 336(e) Election;
(ii) if the Distribution fails to qualify (in whole or in part) for Tax-Free Status and Organon or any member of the Organon Group realizes an increase in Tax basis as a result of the Section 336(e) Election (the “Section 336(e) Tax Basis”), then the cash Tax savings realized by Organon and each member of the Organon Group as a result of the Section 336(e) Tax Basis shall be shared between Merck and Organon in the same proportion as the Taxes giving rise to the Section 336(e) Tax Basis were borne by Merck and Organon (after giving effect to the indemnification obligations in this Agreement); and
(iii) to the extent the Section 336(e) Election becomes effective, each Party agrees not to take any position (and to cause each of its Affiliates not to take any position) that is inconsistent with the Section 336(e) Election on any Tax Return, in connection with any Tax Contest or otherwise, except as may be required by a Final Determination.
ARTICLE V
PROCEDURAL MATTERS
Section 5.1 Cooperation.
(a) Each Party shall cooperate with reasonable requests from the other Party in matters covered by this Agreement, including in connection with the preparation and filing of Tax Returns, the calculation of Taxes, the determination of the proper financial accounting treatment of Tax Items and the conduct and settlement of Tax Contests. Such cooperation shall include:
(i) retaining until the expiration of the relevant statute of limitations (including extensions) records, documents, accounting data, computer data and other information (“Records”) necessary for the preparation, filing, review, audit, or defense of all Tax Returns relevant to an obligation, right, or liability of either Party under this Agreement;
(ii) providing the other Party reasonable access to Records and to its personnel (ensuring their cooperation) and premises during normal business hours to the extent relevant to an obligation, right or liability of the other Party under this Agreement or otherwise reasonably required by the other Party to complete Tax Returns or to compute the amount of any payment contemplated by this Agreement; and
 
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(iii) notifying the other Party prior to disposing of any relevant Records and affording the other Party the opportunity to take possession or make copies of such Records at its discretion.
(b) Notwithstanding any other provision of this Agreement or any other agreement, (i) neither Merck nor any Merck Affiliate shall be required to provide Organon or any Organon Affiliate or any other Person access to or copies of any information or procedures (including the proceedings of any Tax Contest) other than information or procedures that relate to Organon, the business or assets of Organon or any Organon Affiliate and (ii) in no event shall Merck or any Merck Affiliate be required to provide Organon, any Organon Affiliate or any other Person access to or copies of any information if such action could reasonably be expected to result in the waiver of any Privilege. In addition, in the event that Merck determines that the provision of any information to Organon or any Organon Affiliate could be commercially detrimental, violate any law or agreement or waive any Privilege, the Parties shall use reasonable best efforts to permit compliance with its obligations under this Agreement in a manner that avoids any such harm or consequence.
(c) No member of the Organon Group shall provide access to, copies of, or otherwise disclose to any Person any documentation relating to Taxes allocated under this Agreement existing as of the date hereof to which Privilege may reasonably be asserted without the prior written consent of Merck, such consent not to be unreasonably withheld.
Section 5.2 Interest.
Any payments required pursuant to this Agreement that are not made within the time period specified in this Agreement shall bear interest from the end of that period. Interest required to be paid pursuant to this Agreement shall, unless otherwise specified, be computed at the rate and in the manner provided in the Code for interest on underpayments and overpayments, as applicable, for the relevant period.
Section 5.3 Indemnification Claims and Payments.
(a) An Indemnitee shall be entitled to make a claim for payment with respect to Taxes under this Agreement when the Indemnitee determines that it is entitled to such payment and is able to calculate with reasonably accuracy the amount of such payment. Except as otherwise provided in Section 3.3(b), the Indemnitee shall provide to the Indemnifying Party notice of such claim within sixty (60) days of the first date on which it so becomes entitled to make such claim. Such notice shall include a description of such claim and a detailed calculation of the amount claimed.
(b) Except as otherwise provided in Section 3.3(b), the Indemnifying Party shall make the claimed payment to the Indemnitee within thirty (30) days after receiving such notice, unless the Indemnifying Party reasonably disputes its liability for, or the amount of, such payment.
(c) A failure by an Indemnitee to give notice as provided in Section 3.3(b) or 5.3(a) shall not relieve the Indemnifying Party’s indemnification obligations under this Agreement, except to the extent that the Indemnifying Party shall have been actually prejudiced by such failure.
(d) Nothing in this Section 5.3 shall prejudice a Party’s right to receive payments pursuant to Section 3.3(b).
 
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Section 5.4 Treatment of Indemnity Payments.
In the absence of any change in Tax treatment under the Code or other applicable Tax Law and except as provided in Section 5.2, any payments made by a Party under this Agreement shall be reported for Tax purposes by the payor and the recipient as distributions or capital contributions, as appropriate, occurring immediately before the Distribution (but only to the extent that the payment does not relate to a Tax allocated to the payor in accordance with Section 1552 of the Code or the Treasury Regulations thereunder or Treasury Regulation Section 1.1502-33(d) (or under corresponding principles of other applicable Tax Laws)) or as payments of an assumed or retained liability.
Section 5.5 Tax Gross-Up.
If (i) notwithstanding the manner in which any payment under this Agreement is reported, there is a Final Determination with respect to the Tax liability of a Party as a result of its receipt of a payment pursuant to this Agreement or (ii) any deduction or withholding is required by law to be made from any payment (other than an interest payment) under this Agreement, such payment shall be appropriately adjusted so that the amount of such payment, reduced by the amount of all Income Taxes payable with respect to the receipt thereof or the amount of all deduction or withholding required by law with respect to such payment, as applicable (in each case, taking into account all correlative Tax Benefits resulting from the payment of such Income Taxes), shall equal the amount of the payment which the Party receiving such payment would otherwise be entitled to receive pursuant to this Agreement.
Section 5.6 Dispute Resolution. 
(a) Discussion. The Parties will try, and they will cause their respective Group members to try, to resolve in an amicable manner all disagreements and misunderstandings connected with their respective rights and obligations under this Agreement, including any amendments hereto. In furtherance thereof, in the event of any dispute or disagreement (a “Dispute”) between any member of the Merck Group and any member of the Organon Group as to the interpretation of any provision of this Agreement or the performance of obligations hereunder, the Tax departments of the Parties shall negotiate in good faith to resolve the Dispute.
(b) Escalation. If such good faith negotiations do not resolve the Dispute, then the matter, upon written request of either Party, will be referred for resolution to representatives of the Parties at a senior level of management of the Parties pursuant to the procedures set forth in Article VII of the Separation Agreement.
(c) Referral to Tax Advisor. If the Parties are not able to resolve the Dispute through the escalation process referred to above, then the matter will be referred to a Tax Advisor acceptable to each of the Parties to act as an arbitrator in order to resolve the Dispute. In the event that the Parties are unable to agree upon a Tax Advisor within fifteen (15) business days following the completion of the escalation process, the Parties shall each separately retain an independent, nationally recognized law or accounting firm (each, a “Preliminary Tax Advisor”), which Preliminary Tax Advisors shall jointly select a Tax Advisor on behalf of the Parties to act as an arbitrator in order to resolve the Dispute. The Tax Advisor may, in its discretion, obtain the services of any third-party appraiser, accounting firm or consultant that the Tax Advisor deems necessary to assist it in resolving such disagreement. The Tax Advisor shall furnish written notice to the Parties of its resolution of any such Dispute as soon as practical, but in any event no later than thirty (30) business days after its acceptance of the matter for resolution. Any such resolution by the Tax Advisor will be conclusive and binding on the Parties. Following receipt of the Tax Advisor’s written notice to the Parties of its resolution of the Dispute, the Parties shall each take or cause to be taken any action necessary to implement such resolution of the Tax Advisor. Each Party shall pay its own fees and expenses (including the fees and expenses of its representatives) incurred in connection with the referral of the matter to the Tax Advisor (and the Preliminary Tax Advisors, if any). All fees and expenses of the Tax Advisor (and the Preliminary Tax Advisors, if any) in connection with such referral shall be shared equally by the Parties.
 
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(d) Injunctive Relief. Nothing in this Section 5.6 will prevent either Party from seeking injunctive relief if any delay resulting from the efforts to resolve the Dispute through the process set forth above could result in serious and irreparable injury to either Party. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary in this Agreement, Merck and Organon are the only members of their respective Group entitled to commence a Dispute resolution procedure under this Agreement, and each of Merck and Organon will cause its respective Group members not to commence any Dispute resolution procedure other than through such party as provided in this Section 5.6.
ARTICLE VI
MISCELLANEOUS
Section 6.1 Termination.
This Agreement may be terminated at any time prior to the Effective Time by and in the sole discretion of Merck without the approval of any Person, including Organon. In the event of such termination, this Agreement shall become null and void and no Party, nor any of its directors, officers or employees, shall have any Liability of any kind to any Person by reason of this Agreement. After the Effective Time, this Agreement may not be terminated except by an agreement in writing signed by a duly authorized officer of each of the Parties.
Section 6.2 Counterparts; Entire Agreement; Corporate Power; Facsimile Signatures.
(a) Counterparts. This Agreement may be executed in one or more counterparts, all of which shall be considered one and the same agreement.
(b) Entire Agreement. This Agreement and the exhibits, schedules and annexes hereto and thereto contain the entire agreement between the Parties and their subsidiaries with respect to the subject matter hereof, supersede all previous agreements, negotiations, discussions, writings, understandings, commitments and conversations with respect to such subject matter and there are no agreements or understandings between the Parties or their subsidiaries other than those set forth or referred to herein or therein.
(c) Corporate Power. Merck represents on behalf of itself and, to the extent applicable, each Merck subsidiary, and Organon represents on behalf of itself and, to the extent applicable, each Organon subsidiary as follows:
(i) each such Person has the requisite corporate or other power and authority and has taken all corporate or other action necessary in order to execute, deliver and perform this Agreement and to consummate the transactions contemplated hereby and thereby; and
(ii) this Agreement has been duly executed and delivered by it and constitutes a valid and binding agreement of it enforceable in accordance with the terms thereof.
(d) Signatures and Delivery. Each Party acknowledges that it and its subsidiaries and the other Party and its subsidiaries may execute this Agreement by manual, stamp or mechanical signature, and that delivery of an executed counterpart of a signature page to this Agreement (whether executed by manual, stamp or mechanical signature) by facsimile or by email or other electronic delivery in portable
 
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document format (PDF) or other electronic format shall be effective as delivery of such executed counterpart of this Agreement. Each Party (including on behalf of its subsidiaries) expressly adopts and confirms a stamp or mechanical signature (regardless of whether delivered in person, by mail, by courier, by facsimile or by email or other electronic delivery in portable document format (PDF) or other electronic format) made in its name as if it were a manual signature delivered in person, agrees that it shall not assert that any such signature or delivery is not adequate to bind such Party or party to the same extent as if it were signed manually and delivered in person and agrees that, at the reasonable request of the other Party at any time, it shall as promptly as reasonably practicable cause this Agreement to be manually executed (any such execution to be as of the date of the initial date thereof) and delivered in person, by mail or by courier.
Section 6.3 Governing Law.
This Agreement shall be governed by and construed and interpreted in accordance with the Laws of the State of Delaware, irrespective of the choice of laws and principles of the State of Delaware, as to all matters, including matters of validity, construction, effect, enforceability, performance and remedies.
Section 6.4 Assignability.
This Agreement shall be binding upon and inure to the benefit of the Parties and the parties thereto, respectively, and their respective successors and permitted assigns.
Section 6.5 Third Party Beneficiaries.
Except for the indemnification rights under this Agreement of an Indemnitee under this Agreement, (a) the provisions of this Agreement are solely for the benefit of the Parties and their respective subsidiaries and their permitted successors and assigns, and are not intended to confer upon any Person except the Parties and their respective subsidiaries, and their permitted successors and assigns, any rights or remedies hereunder; and (b) there are no other third-party beneficiaries of this Agreement and this Agreement shall not provide any other Third Party with any remedy, claim, Liability, reimbursement, claim of action or other right in excess of those existing without reference to this Agreement.
Section 6.6 Notices.
All notices, and to the extent applicable and unless otherwise provided therein, under this Agreement shall be in writing and shall be given or made (and shall be deemed to have been duly given or made upon receipt) by delivery in person, by overnight courier service, by e-mail (followed by delivery of an original via overnight courier service) or by registered or certified mail (postage prepaid, return receipt requested) to the respective Parties at the following addresses (or at such other address for a Party as shall be specified in a notice):
If to Merck:
[Address]
Attn:
E-mail:
 
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If to Organon:
[Address]
Attn:
E-mail:
Either Party may, by notice to the other Party, change the address to which such notices are to be given.
Section 6.7 Severability.
In the event that any one or more of the terms or provisions of this Agreement or the application thereof to any Person or circumstance is determined by a court of competent jurisdiction to be invalid, illegal or unenforceable in any respect, such invalidity, illegality or unenforceability shall not affect any other term or provision of this Agreement, or the application of such term or provision to Persons or circumstances or in jurisdictions other than those as to which it has been determined to be invalid, illegal or unenforceable, and the Parties shall (and shall cause their applicable subsidiaries to) use their commercially reasonable efforts to substitute one or more valid, legal and enforceable terms or provisions into this Agreement which, insofar as practicable, implement the purposes and intent of the Parties. Any term or provision of this Agreement held invalid or unenforceable only in part, degree or within certain jurisdictions shall remain in full force and effect to the extent not held invalid or unenforceable to the extent consistent with the intent of the parties as reflected by this Agreement. To the extent permitted by applicable law, each party waives any term or provision of law which renders any term or provision of this Agreement to be invalid, illegal or unenforceable in any respect.
Section 6.8 Force Majeure.
No Party or other Person shall be deemed in default of this Agreement, unless otherwise expressly provided herein and without limiting the generality of the provisions hereof, for failure to fulfill any obligation (other than a payment obligation) so long as and to the extent to which any delay or failure in the fulfillment of such obligations is prevented, frustrated, hindered or delayed as a consequence of circumstances of Force Majeure. In the event of any such excused delay, the time for performance shall be extended for a period equal to the time lost by reason of the delay. A Party or other Person claiming the benefit of this provision shall, as soon as reasonably practicable after the occurrence of any such event, (a) provide notice to the other Party or Parties of the nature and extent of any such Force Majeure condition; and (b) use commercially reasonable efforts to remove any such causes and resume performance under this Agreement as soon as reasonably practicable.
Section 6.9 No Set-Off.
Except as set forth in this Agreement or as otherwise mutually agreed to in writing by the Parties, neither Party nor any of its subsidiaries shall have any right of set off or other similar rights with respect to (a) any amounts received pursuant to this Agreement; or (b) any other amounts claimed to be owed to the other Party or any of its subsidiaries arising out of this Agreement.
Section 6.10 Headings.
The Article, Section and Paragraph headings contained in this Agreement are for reference purposes only and shall not affect in any way the meaning or interpretation of this Agreement.
 
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Section 6.11 Survival of Covenants.
Except as expressly set forth in this Agreement, the covenants and other agreements contained in this Agreement, and liability for the breach of any obligations contained herein or therein, shall survive the Effective Time and shall remain in full force and effect thereafter.
Section 6.12 Subsidiaries and Employees.
Merck shall cause to be performed, and hereby guarantees the performance of, all actions, agreements and obligations set forth herein to be performed by a Merck subsidiary (including the employees thereof) and Organon shall cause to be performed, and hereby guarantees the performance of, all actions, agreements and obligations set forth herein to be performed by an Organon subsidiary (including the employees thereof).
Section 6.13 Waivers.
Waiver by either Party or any of its subsidiaries of any default by the other Party or any of its subsidiaries of any provision of this Agreement shall not be deemed a waiver by the waiving Party or Person of any subsequent or other default, nor shall it prejudice the rights of the waiving Party or Person. No provisions of this Agreement shall be deemed waived unless such waiver is in writing and signed by the authorized representative of the Party or relevant subsidiary against whom it is sought to be enforced. No failure or delay of any Party (or any of its subsidiaries) in exercising any right or remedy under this Agreement shall operate as a waiver thereof, nor shall any single or partial exercise of any such right or power, or any abandonment or discontinuance of steps to enforce such right or power, or any course of conduct, preclude any other or further exercise thereof or the exercise of any other right or power.
Section 6.14 Amendments.
No provisions of this Agreement shall be deemed amended, supplemented or modified unless such amendment, supplement or modification is in writing and signed by an authorized representative of both Parties or their relevant subsidiaries, as the case may be.
Section 6.15 Interpretation.
Words in the singular shall be deemed to include the plural and vice versa and words of one gender shall be deemed to include the other genders as the context requires. The terms “hereof,” “herein,” and “herewith” and words of similar import shall, unless otherwise stated, be construed to refer to this Agreement as a whole (including all of the Schedules and Exhibits hereto and thereto) and not to any particular provision of this Agreement. Article, Section, Exhibit and Schedule references are to the Articles, Sections, Exhibits, and Schedules to this Agreement unless otherwise specified. Unless otherwise stated, all references to any agreement shall be deemed to include the exhibits, schedules and annexes to such agreement. The word “including” and words of similar import when used in this Agreement shall mean “including, without limitation,” unless the context otherwise requires or unless otherwise specified. The word “or” shall not be exclusive. Unless otherwise specified in a particular case, the word “days” refers to calendar days. References herein to this Agreement or any Transaction Document shall be deemed to refer to this Agreement or such Transaction Document as of the date on which it is executed and as it may be amended, modified or supplemented thereafter, unless otherwise specified. References to the performance, discharge or fulfillment of any Liability in accordance with its terms shall have meaning only to the extent such Liability has terms. If the Liability does not have terms, the reference shall mean performance, discharge or fulfillment of such Liability.
 
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Section 6.16 Specific Performance.
In the event of any actual or threatened default in, or breach of, any of the terms, conditions and provisions of this Agreement, the Party or Parties who are or are to be thereby aggrieved shall have the right to specific performance and injunctive or other equitable relief (on an interim or permanent basis) of its rights under this Agreement, in addition to any and all other rights and remedies at law or in equity, and all such rights and remedies shall be cumulative. The Parties agree that the remedies at law for any breach or threatened breach, including monetary damages, may be inadequate compensation for any loss and that any defense in any Proceeding for specific performance that a remedy at law would be adequate is waived.
Section 6.17 Mutual Drafting.
This Agreement shall be deemed to be the joint work product of the Parties and any rule of construction that a document shall be interpreted or construed against a drafter of such document shall not be applicable.
Section 6.18 Confidentiality.
Each Party hereby acknowledges that confidential information of such Party or its subsidiaries may be exposed to employees and agents of the other Party or its subsidiaries as a result of the activities contemplated by this Agreement. Each Party agrees, on behalf of itself and its subsidiaries, that such Party’s obligations with respect to information and data of the other Party or its subsidiaries shall be governed by the Separation Agreement.
 
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IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the Parties have executed and delivered this Agreement as of the day and year first written above.

MERCK & CO., INC.	

By:	 	 	
			
Name:	
Title:	
	
ORGANON & CO.	

By:	 	 	
Name:	
Title:	

Exhibit 10.2
EMPLOYEE MATTERS AGREEMENT
BY AND BETWEEN
MERCK & CO., INC.
AND
ORGANON & CO.
DATED AS OF _____, 2021

TABLE OF CONTENTS

 	 	 	  	Page	 	
ARTICLE I DEFINITIONS	  	 	1	 	
			
Section 1.01	 	Defined Terms	  	 	1	 	
		
ARTICLE II GENERAL PRINCIPLES	  	 	8	 	
			
Section 2.01	 	Allocation of Liabilities	  	 	8	 	
Section 2.02	 	Employment with Organon	  	 	10	 	
Section 2.03	 	Establishment of Organon Plans	  	 	12	 	
Section 2.04	 	Post-Distribution Organon Employees	  	 	13	 	
Section 2.05	 	Collective Bargaining	  	 	14	 	
		
ARTICLE III U.S. QUALIFIED AND NON-QUALIFIED RETIREMENT PLANS	  	 	14	 	
			
Section 3.01	 	Pension Plan	  	 	14	 	
Section 3.02	 	Savings Plan	  	 	15	 	
Section 3.03	 	Supplemental Pension Plan	  	 	16	 	
Section 3.04	 	Deferred Compensation Plan	  	 	16	 	
Section 3.05	 	Failure to Notify of Employment Termination	  	 	17	 	
		
ARTICLE IV NON-U.S. RETIREMENT PLANS	  	 	17	 	
			
Section 4.01	 	Establishment of Non-U.S. Retirement Plans and Transfers of Assets and Liabilities	  	 	17	 	
		
ARTICLE V WELFARE AND FRINGE BENEFIT PLANS	  	 	19	 	
			
Section 5.01	 	Health and Welfare Plans	  	 	19	 	
Section 5.02	 	COBRA	  	 	22	 	
Section 5.03	 	Vacation, Holidays and Leaves of Absence	  	 	22	 	
Section 5.04	 	Severance and Unemployment Compensation	  	 	23	 	
Section 5.05	 	Workers’ Compensation	  	 	23	 	
		
ARTICLE VI EQUITY, INCENTIVE, AND DIRECTOR AND EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION PROGRAMS	  	 	23	 	
			
Section 6.01	 	Equity Incentive Programs	  	 	23	 	
Section 6.02	 	Annual Bonus	  	 	27	 	
Section 6.03	 	Directors’ Plan	  	 	28	 	
Section 6.04	 	Directors’ Deferred Compensation Plan	  	 	28	 	
		
ARTICLE VII POST-DISTRIBUTION COVENANTS	  	 	28	 	
			
Section 7.01	 	Non-Hire; Non-Solicit	  	 	28	 	
		
ARTICLE VIII TAXES	  	 	29	 	
		
ARTICLE IX MISCELLANEOUS	  	 	30	 	
			
Section 9.01	 	Transfer of Records and Information	  	 	30	 	
Section 9.02	 	Cooperation	  	 	31	 	
Section 9.03	 	Employee Agreements	  	 	31	 	
Section 9.04	 	Recoupment Assets	  	 	31	 	
 
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
(continued)

 	 	 	  	Page	 	
Section 9.05	 	Compliance	  	 	31	 	
Section 9.06	 	Preservation of Rights	  	 	31	 	
Section 9.07	 	Reimbursement	  	 	32	 	
Section 9.08	 	Not a Change in Control	  	 	32	 	
Section 9.09	 	Incorporation by Reference	  	 	32	 	
Section 9.10	 	Limitation on Enforcement	  	 	32	 	
Section 9.11	 	Further Assurances and Consents	  	 	32	 	
Section 9.12	 	Third Party Consent	  	 	33	 	
Section 9.13	 	Effect if Distribution Does Not Occur	  	 	33	 	
Section 9.14	 	Disputes	  	 	33	 	
Schedule 6.01(d) - Non-U.S. Equity Adjustment Exceptions
 
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This EMPLOYEE MATTERS AGREEMENT dated as of [____], 2021, is by and between Merck & Co., Inc., a New Jersey corporation (“Merck”) and Organon & Co., a Delaware corporation (“Organon”) (each a “Party” and together, the “Parties”).
RECITALS:
WHEREAS, the board of directors of Merck has determined that it is appropriate and advisable to separate the Organon Business from the Merck Business (the “Spin-Off”);
WHEREAS, to achieve the foregoing, the Parties have executed a Separation and Distribution Agreement (the “Separation and Distribution Agreement”), which provides for, among other things, distribution, on a pro rata basis, to holders of the outstanding Merck Common Shares on the Record Date of all of the outstanding shares of Organon Common Stock, and the execution and delivery of this Agreement and certain other agreements to facilitate and provide for the foregoing, in each case subject to the terms and conditions set forth therein;
WHEREAS, the Employees of the Organon Business are currently or were previously employed by the Merck Group and are expected to or have previously become Employees of the Organon Group in connection with the Spin-Off; and
WHEREAS, this Agreement describes the principal employment, compensation and employee benefit plan arrangements between the Parties in connection with the Spin-Off.
NOW, THEREFORE, in consideration of the mutual agreements, provisions and covenants contained in this Agreement, the Parties hereby agree as follows:
AGREEMENT
ARTICLE I
DEFINITIONS
Section 1.01 Defined Terms. Capitalized terms used but not defined herein shall have the meanings ascribed to such terms in the Separation and Distribution Agreement. The following capitalized terms as used in this Agreement shall have the meaning set forth below unless otherwise specified herein:
“Adjusted Merck Award” means a Merck Option, Merck PSU Award, or Merck RSU Award, as adjusted in accordance with Section 6.01(a).
“Adjusted Merck Phantom Share” means a Merck Phantom Share, as adjusted in accordance with Section 3.04(c).
“Adjusted Organon Stock Value” means the product obtained by multiplying (i) the Organon Price by (ii) the Distribution Ratio.
 
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“Affiliate” means any corporation, partnership, limited liability company, or entity directly or indirectly controlled by the entity in question.
“Agreement” means this Employee Matters Agreement and each of the Schedules hereto.
“Applicable Closing Date” has the meaning set forth in Section 4.01(a).
“Benefit Plan” means any (i) “employee benefit plan,” as defined in ERISA Section 3(3) (whether or not such plan is subject to ERISA); and (ii) employment, compensation, severance, salary continuation, bonus, thirteenth month, incentive, retirement, thrift, superannuation, savings, pension, workers’ compensation, termination benefit (including termination notice requirements), termination indemnity, other indemnification, supplemental unemployment benefit, redundancy pay, profit sharing, deferred compensation, stock ownership, stock purchase, stock option, stock appreciation right, restricted stock, “phantom” stock, performance share unit, restricted stock unit, other stock-based incentive, change in control, paid time off, perquisite, fringe benefit, vacation, disability, life, or other insurance, death benefit, hospitalization, medical, or other compensatory or benefit plan, program, fund, agreement, arrangement, or policy of any kind (whether written or oral, qualified or nonqualified, funded or unfunded, foreign or domestic, currently effective or terminated), and any trust, escrow or similar agreement related thereto, whether or not funded, excluding any plan, program, fund, agreement, arrangement, or policy (other than for workers’ compensation Liabilities) that is mandated by and maintained solely pursuant to applicable Law.
“COBRA” means the U.S. Consolidated Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act of 1985, as amended.
“Code” means the U.S. Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended.
“Core Benefits” means retirement, separation pay, paid time off, medical (excluding retiree medical), dental, vision, life, short-term and long-term disability plans or coverage.
“Core Benefit Plans” means Benefit Plans offering any of the Core Benefits.
“Core Merck Health and Welfare Plan” means a Health and Welfare Plan sponsored by, maintained by, or contributed to by the Merck Group offering any of the Core Benefits.
“Core Non-U.S. Organon Benefit Plan” means an Organon Benefit Plan established, maintained, or contributed to by the Organon Group that is primarily for the benefit of Employees or Former Employees who work primarily outside of the United States which offers any of the Core Benefits.
“Core Organon Health and Welfare Plans” means a Health and Welfare Plan sponsored by, maintained by, or contributed to by the Organon Group which offers any of the Core Benefits.
 
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“Employee” means an employee of the Merck Group or the Organon Group, as applicable, including any employee absent from work on account of long-term disability or workers’ compensation leave (in each case, unless treated as a separated employee for employment purposes), vacation, jury duty, funeral leave, personal leave, sickness, short-term disability, military leave, family leave, pay continuation leave, or other approved leave of absence or for whom an obligation to recall, rehire or otherwise return to employment exists under a contractual obligation or Law.
“Employee Agreement” means any employment contract, whether written or unwritten, between a member of the Merck Group and an Employee or Former Employee, including any standard form employee agreement customarily signed by certain Employees of the Merck Group and any other form of employment agreement, employment letter or notice with respect to the terms of employment between a member of the Merck Group and an Employee or Former Employee signed or otherwise effective under applicable local Law. The term Employee Agreement also includes any cash retention agreement.
“Employee Recoupment Asset” means an employer’s right to repayment from an employee in respect of a tax equalization payment, sign-on bonus payment, relocation expense payment, tuition payment, reimbursement, loan, or other similar item, including any agreement related thereto.
“Employment Tax” means withholding, payroll, social security, workers compensation, unemployment, disability and any similar tax imposed by any Tax Authority, and any interest, penalties, additions to tax or additional amounts with respect to the foregoing imposed on any taxpayer or consolidated, combined or unitary group of taxpayers.
“ERISA” means the U.S. Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974, as amended.
“Former Employee” means any individual whose employment with the Merck Group terminated on or prior to the Distribution Date, excluding any employee absent from work immediately prior to the Distribution Date on account of long-term disability or workers’ compensation leave (in each case, to the extent not treated as a separated employee for employment purposes), vacation, jury duty, funeral leave, personal leave, sickness, short-term disability, military leave, family leave, pay continuation leave, or other approved leave of absence or for whom an obligation to recall, rehire or otherwise return to employment exists under a contractual obligation or Law.
“Health and Welfare Plan” means any Benefit Plan established or maintained to provide, through the purchase of insurance or otherwise, medical, dental, prescription, vision, short-term disability, long-term disability, death benefits, life insurance, accidental death and dismemberment insurance, business travel accident insurance, employee assistance program, group legal services, wellness, cafeteria (including premium payment, health care flexible spending account, and dependent care flexible spending account components), travel reimbursement, transportation, vacation benefits, apprenticeship or other training programs, day care centers, or prepaid legal services benefits, including any “employee welfare benefit plan” (as defined in ERISA Section 3(1)) that is not a severance plan.
 
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“Incurred Claim” means a Liability related to services or benefits provided under a Benefit Plan, and shall be deemed to be incurred: (i) with respect to medical, dental, vision, and prescription drug benefits, upon the rendering of services giving rise to such Liability; (ii) with respect to death benefits, life insurance, accidental death and dismemberment insurance, and business travel accident insurance, upon the occurrence of the event giving rise to such Liability; (iii) with respect to disability benefits, upon the date of disability, as determined by the disability benefit insurance carrier or claim administrator, giving rise to such Liability; (iv) with respect to a period of continuous hospitalization, upon the date of admission to the hospital; and (v) with respect to tuition reimbursement or adoption assistance, upon completion of the requirements for such reimbursement or assistance, whichever is applicable.
“Local Closing Transaction” means the local closing transaction involving a Deferred Organon Local Business.
“Merck” has the meaning set forth in the Preamble.
“Merck Benefit Plan” means a Benefit Plan sponsored by, maintained by, or contributed to by the Merck Group.
“Merck Board” means the Merck board of directors.
“Merck Change of Control” has the meaning set forth in Section 6.01(b).
“Merck Compensation & Benefits Committee” means the compensation and benefits committee of the Merck Board.
“Merck Conversion Ratio” means the quotient obtained by dividing (i) the Merck Pre-Spin Value by (ii) the Merck Post-Spin Value.
“Merck DCP” means the Merck & Co., Inc. Deferral Program.
“Merck Deferred Stock Unit” means a deferred unit (a.k.a. a phantom share) credited under a non-employee director’s Merck Common Stock account under the Merck Directors’ DCP.
“Merck Directors’ DCP” means the Merck & Co., Inc. Plan for Deferred Payment of Directors’ Compensation.
“Merck Group” means Merck and its Affiliates (excluding, after the Distribution, any member of the Organon Group).
“Merck Health and Welfare Plan” means a Health and Welfare Plan sponsored by, maintained by, or contributed to by the Merck Group.
“Merck Pension Plan” means the Merck U.S. Pension Plan.
“Merck Phantom Share” means a Merck common-stock-denominated investment pursuant to the Merck DCP.
 
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“Merck Pre-Spin Value” means
“Merck Post-Spin Value” means
“Merck Retained Employee” means any Employee other than an Organon Employee.
“Merck Retiree Health Care Plan” means the Merck Retiree Medical Plan.
“Merck Savings Plan ” means the Merck US Savings Plan.
“Merck SERP” means the MSD Supplemental Retirement Plan.
“Merck Separation Plan” means the Merck U.S. Separation Benefits Plan.
“Merck Stock Programs” means, collectively, (i) the Merck 2007 Incentive Stock Plan, (ii) the Merck & Co., Inc. 2010 Incentive Stock Plan, (iii) the Merck & Co., Inc. 2019 Incentive Stock Plan and (iv) any similar prior Merck plans and all sub-plans or equity plans related to any of the foregoing, together with any incentive compensation program or arrangement that governs the terms of equity-based incentive awards assumed by the Merck Group in connection with a corporate transaction and that is maintained by the Merck Group immediately prior to the Distribution Date, and any sub-plans established under those programs.
“Non-U.S. Merck Benefit Plan” means a Merck Benefit Plan established, maintained, or contributed to by the Merck Group that is primarily for the benefit of Employees or Former Employees who work primarily outside of the United States.
“Non-U.S. Organon Benefit Plan” means an Organon Benefit Plan established, maintained, or contributed to by the Organon Group that is primarily for the benefit of Employees or Former Employees who work primarily outside of the United States.
“Non-U.S. Organon Employee” means an Organon Employee who works primarily outside of the United States.
“Non-U.S. Health and Welfare Plan” means a Health and Welfare Plan established, maintained, or contributed to by the Merck Group or the Organon Group, as applicable, that is primarily for the benefit of Employees (including Former Employees, as appropriate) who work primarily outside of the United States.
“Organon” has the meaning set forth in the Preamble.
“Organon Award” means an Organon Option, Organon PSU Award, or Organon RSU Award granted pursuant to Section 6.01.
“Organon Benefit Plan” means each Benefit Plan sponsored by, maintained by, or contributed to by the Organon Group, including, following the consummation of a Local Closing Transaction, each Benefit Plan sponsored by, maintained by, or contributed to by the applicable Deferred Organon Local Business.
 
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“Organon Board” means the Organon board of directors.
“Organon Change of Control” has the meaning set forth in Section 6.01(b).
“Organon Conversion Ratio” means the quotient obtained by dividing (i) the Merck Pre-Spin Value by (ii) the Adjusted Organon Stock Value.
“Organon DCP” means the Organon & Co. U.S. Non-Qualified Savings Plan.
“Organon Employee” means any Employee who is (i) employed by the Organon Group as of the Distribution Date, or (ii) a Post-Distribution Organon Employee.
“Organon Equity Plan” means the Organon & Co. 2021 Incentive Stock Plan.
“Organon Group” means Organon and its Affiliates.
“Organon Health and Welfare Plan” means a Health and Welfare Plan sponsored by, maintained by, or contributed to by the Organon Group.
“Organon Price” means
“Organon Retiree Liability” means that portion of the aggregate incremental cost of providing early retirement subsidies, service crediting bridges, and retiree healthcare benefits to Transferred Employees under the Merck Pension Plan, the Merck SERP and the Merck Retiree Health Care Plan, as described in Sections 3.01, 3.03 and 5.01(d) hereof, that is attributable to future service, with such aggregate incremental cost as determined based on reasonable estimates in the discretion of the actuaries designated by Merck to calculate such amounts.
“Organon Savings Plan” means the Organon U.S. Savings Plan.“Option” means (i) when immediately preceded by “Merck,” an option to purchase one or more Merck Common Shares granted under a Merck Stock Program and outstanding immediately prior to the Distribution Date (whether or not then vested or exercisable); (ii) when immediately preceded by “Adjusted Merck,” an option to purchase one or more Merck Common Shares adjusted in accordance with Section 6.01; and (iii) when immediately preceded by “Organon,” an option to purchase one or more shares of Organon Common Stock granted by Organon in accordance with Section 6.01.
“Parties” has the meaning set forth in the Preamble.
“Post-Distribution Organon Employee” means each Employee named as a Post-Distribution Organon Employee on a record maintained by Merck, which includes designated secondees from the Merck Group to the Organon Group and those Employees transferring only upon a Local Closing Transaction if employed in connection with a Deferred Organon Local Business, including any Employee hired on or after the Distribution Date to the extent such Employee is primarily related to a Deferred Organon Local Business or is hired to replace any terminated or departing Employee who would have otherwise been a Post-Distribution Organon Employee.
 
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“PSU Award” means (i) when immediately preceded by “Merck,” a performance share unit award granted pursuant to a Merck Stock Program and outstanding immediately prior to the Distribution Date; (ii) when immediately preceded by “Adjusted Merck,” a performance share unit award granted pursuant to a Merck Stock Program adjusted in accordance with Section 6.01; and (iii) when immediately preceded by “Organon,” a performance share unit award granted by Organon in accordance with Section 6.01.
“Regular Trading Hours” means the period beginning at 9:30 A.M. New York City time and ending 4:00 P.M. New York City time.
“RSU Award” means (i) when immediately preceded by “Merck,” a restricted stock unit award granted pursuant to a Merck Stock Program and outstanding immediately prior to the Distribution Date; (ii) when immediately preceded by “Adjusted Merck,” a restricted stock unit award granted pursuant to a Merck Stock Program adjusted in accordance with Section 6.01 or Section 6.03; and (iii) when immediately preceded by “Organon,” a restricted stock unit award granted by Organon in accordance with Section 6.01 or Section 6.03.
“Securities Act” means the U.S. Securities Act of 1933, as amended.
“Separation and Distribution Agreement” has the meaning set forth in the recitals.
“Trading Day” means the period of time during any given calendar day, commencing with the determination of the opening price on the NYSE and ending with the determination of the closing price on the NYSE, in which trading and settlement in Merck Common Shares or Organon Common Stock, as applicable, is permitted on the NYSE.
“Transfer Date” means the date on which such person first becomes employed by the Organon Group (whether prior to, on or following the Distribution Date).
“Transferred Employee” has the meaning set forth in Section 2.02(a)(i).
“Transferred Flexible Spending Account Balances” has the meaning set forth in Section 5.01(c)(iii).
“Transferred Non-U.S. Employee” means a Transferred Employee who works primarily outside of the United States.
“United States” means, when used in a territorial sense, the fifty states of the United States of America and the District of Columbia, but does not, unless otherwise specifically provided, include Puerto Rico or any other territory of the United States.
“USERRA” means the Uniformed Services Employment and Reemployment Rights Act of 1994, as amended.
 
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ARTICLE II
GENERAL PRINCIPLES
Section 2.01 Allocation of Liabilities.
(a) Organon Liabilities. Except as expressly provided in this Agreement, the Separation and Distribution Agreement or any Transaction Document, Organon hereby assumes (or retains) and agrees to pay, perform, fulfill, and discharge all Liabilities to the extent relating to, arising out of, or resulting from or with respect to:
(i) the employment (or termination of employment), including with respect to any statutory or other Liabilities (whether those Liabilities are otherwise the legal responsibility of the Merck Group or the Organon Group) triggered by or in connection with the Spin-Off, of each Transferred Employee by the Merck Group up to the applicable Transfer Date and by the Organon Group on and after the applicable Transfer Date (including, in each case, all Liabilities with respect to any such Organon Employee relating to, arising out of, or resulting from Employment Taxes, Employee Agreements, any Merck Benefit Plan or any Organon Benefit Plan); provided, however, that, Organon shall assume only the Organon Retiree Liability with respect to any Liabilities relating to, arising out of, or resulting from the Merck Retiree Health Care Plan, the Merck Pension Plan, the Merck SERP, the Merck DCP and Merck Directors’ DCP, which Liabilities shall otherwise be expressly retained by Merck;
(ii) the employment (or termination of employment) of each Former Employee to the extent such individual was last employed prior to his or her termination of employment with a manufacturing plant or entity located outside of the United States and wholly transferring to the Organon Group in connection with the Spin-Off (including all Liabilities to the extent relating to, arising out of, or resulting from Employment Taxes, Employee Agreements, any Merck Benefit Plan or any Organon Benefit Plan);
(iii) the retention of any individual who is, or was, an independent contractor, temporary employee, temporary service worker, consultant, freelancer, agency employee, leased employee, on-call worker, incidental worker, or non-payroll worker or any other individual in any other similar relationship to the extent the services provided by any such individual were primarily related to the Organon Group or the Organon Business and such individual is identified to be transferred to the Organon Group in connection with the Spin-Off; provided that, for the avoidance of doubt, this Agreement is not intended to, and does not, address any Liabilities in respect of the services provided by consulting firms, investment advisory firms, valuation advisory firms, legal advisors or other third-party entities retained to provide advice with respect to or in connection with the Spin-Off;
(iv) all Liabilities under any Organon Benefit Plan established or adopted by any member of the Organon Group, regardless of whether established prior to, on or following the Distribution Date; and
 
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(v) Liabilities and responsibilities expressly assumed or retained by Organon pursuant to this Agreement.
(b) Merck Liabilities. Except as expressly provided in this Agreement, the Separation and Distribution Agreement or any Transaction Document, Merck hereby retains (or assumes) and agrees to pay, perform, fulfill, and discharge all Liabilities to the extent relating to, arising out of, or resulting from:
(i) the employment (or termination of employment) of each Merck Retained Employee by the Merck Group prior to, on, or after the Distribution Date (including all Liabilities with respect to any such Merck Retained Employee to the extent relating to, arising out of, or resulting from Employment Taxes, Employee Agreements or any Merck Benefit Plan);
(ii) except as provided in Section 2.01(a)(ii) or (iv), the employment (or termination of employment) of each Former Employee and each Organon Employee unless and until such Organon Employee becomes a Transferred Employee (including all Liabilities to the extent relating to, arising out of, or resulting from Employment Taxes, Employee Agreements or any Merck Benefit Plan);
(iii) the retention of any individual who is, or was, an independent contractor, temporary employee, temporary service worker, consultant, freelancer, agency employee, leased employee, on-call worker, incidental worker, non-payroll worker or any other individual in any other similar relationship to the extent the services provided by any such individual were primarily related to the Merck Group or the Merck Business; provided that, for the avoidance of doubt, this Agreement is not intended to, and does not, address any Liabilities in respect of the services provided by consulting firms, investment advisory firms, valuation advisory firms, legal advisors or other third-party entities retained to provide advice with respect to or in connection with the Spin-Off; and
(iv) Liabilities and responsibilities expressly retained or assumed by Merck pursuant to this Agreement.
(c) Other Liabilities. To the extent that this Agreement does not cover particular Liabilities or responsibilities that relate to, arise out of, or result from employment (or termination of employment), Employment Taxes, Employee Agreements or any Benefit Plan and the Parties later determine that they should be allocated in connection with the Spin-Off, such Liabilities and responsibilities shall be handled in a manner similar to the manner in which this Agreement handles comparable Liabilities and responsibilities, subject to the mutual agreement of the Parties, as evidenced by the written consent of an authorized officer of each Party.
(d) Labor Relations. To the extent required by applicable Law or any contract or arrangement with a labor union, works council or similar employee organization, Organon shall provide notice, engage in consultation and take any similar action which may be required after the Distribution Date on its part in connection with the Spin-Off and shall fully indemnify each member of the Merck Group against any Liabilities arising from its failure to comply with such requirements.
 
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Section 2.02 Employment with Organon.
(a) Employment Transfers. The Parties intend for Organon Employees to transfer to the Organon Group and shall use their respective best efforts and cooperate with each other to effectuate this intent.
(i) Except as otherwise mutually agreed upon by the Parties, as of each Organon Employee’s Transfer Date, the Organon Group shall: (A) continue to employ (on a basis consistent with Section 2.02(b)) each Organon Employee employed in a jurisdiction where employment continues automatically by operation of Law (and such individual does not object, where such right exists under applicable Law); (B) offer to employ (on a basis consistent with Section 2.02(b)) each Organon Employee employed in a jurisdiction where employment does not continue automatically by operation of Law; and (C) offer to employ (on a basis consistent with Section 2.02(b) or as otherwise required by applicable Law) each former Employee who would have been an Organon Employee had such former Employee been employed on the Distribution Date, and whose right to re-employment is protected by any applicable Law. Each Organon Employee who accepts an offer of employment with the Organon Group, or who continues employment with the Organon Group following his or her Transfer Date automatically by operation of Law (and does not object where such right exists under applicable Law), as the case may be, will be referred to in this Agreement as a “Transferred Employee.”
(ii) The Merck Group may terminate the employment of any Organon Employee who does not become a Transferred Employee as of his or her intended Transfer Date, or, if such Organon Employee cannot be terminated in accordance with applicable Law or otherwise, then the Merck Group may terminate any other Employee of the Merck Group whose employment (in the sole judgment of Merck) is made redundant as a result of the continued retention of such Organon Employee. The Merck Group may also terminate the employment of any Organon Employee if retaining such Employee would constitute a violation of applicable Laws or the Merck Code of Conduct. Organon will be responsible for, and will indemnify the Merck Group from and against, any Liabilities incurred or payments made (including any severance payments made) in connection with the termination of an Organon Employee or any other Employee of the Merck Group pursuant to this Section 2.02(a)(ii) to the extent of any payment occurring on or after the Distribution Date.
(b) Compensation and Benefits.
(i) Except as expressly provided in this Agreement or in local Conveyance and Assumption Instruments, no Transferred Employee shall participate in any Merck Benefit Plan following the later of (i) the Distribution Date; and (ii) his or her Transfer Date.
 
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(ii) Except as expressly provided in this Agreement, as otherwise required by applicable Law or with respect to any Transferred Employee who experiences a change in primary country of employment as part of his or her transfer, from the applicable Transfer Date through December 31, 2022, the Organon Group shall provide to each Transferred Employee (A) at least the same rate of base salary as provided to that Transferred Employee immediately prior to the later of the Distribution Date and his or her Transfer Date (or if greater, as provided to that Transferred Employee pursuant to the terms of any Employee Agreement that becomes effective upon the consummation of or immediately following the Spin-Off), (B) at least the same cash incentive compensation opportunities and long-term incentive compensation opportunities as provided to that Transferred Employee immediately prior to the later of the Distribution Date and his or her Transfer Date (or if greater, as provided to that Transferred Employee pursuant to the terms of any Employee Agreement that becomes effective upon the consummation of or immediately following the Spin-Off), (C) Core Benefits under the Organon Benefit Plans that are substantially comparable in the aggregate to benefits provided under the corresponding Merck Benefit Plans immediately prior to the earlier of the Distribution Date or the date as of which the comparable Organon Benefit Plan is established or adopted by any member of the Organon Group (but, for the avoidance of doubt, Organon is not required to establish any particular types of plans (such as defined benefit pension plans) to satisfy this obligation), and (D) at least the same separation pay and comparable post-termination continuation of Health and Welfare Benefits providing Core Benefits (excluding, for the avoidance of doubt, retiree healthcare and retiree life insurance benefits) as were provided to that Transferred Employee immediately prior to the earlier of the Distribution Date or the date as of which the comparable Organon Health and Welfare Benefits is established or adopted by any member of the Organon Group (or if greater, as provided to that Transferred Employee pursuant to the terms of any Employee Agreement that becomes effective upon the consummation of or immediately following the Spin-Off). Nothing in this Section 2.02(b)(ii) shall prevent the Organon Group from terminating the employment of any Transferred Employee or adopting, amending or terminating any Organon Benefit Plan.
(c) Service Credit. Except as otherwise expressly provided in this Agreement or to the extent it would result in a duplication of benefits, Organon and each Organon Benefit Plan shall, to the extent permitted in accordance with applicable Law, give each Transferred Employee credit for vesting, eligibility, and accrual purposes for all service with the Merck Group (except for defined benefit pension plans and post-employment welfare benefits and, solely if a Transferred Employee receives severance benefits in connection with his or her termination of employment with the Merck Group, for purpose of determining severance benefits under any Organon Benefit Plan that provides severance benefits) (other than as required by law)) and shall calculate such service as it would be calculated by Merck or under the corresponding Merck Benefit Plan as of the applicable Transfer Date.
 
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Section 2.03 Establishment of Organon Plans.
(a) Generally.
(i) U.S. On or prior to the Distribution Date, Organon shall adopt Core Benefit Plans (and related trusts, if applicable, as determined by the Parties), with terms substantially comparable in the aggregate to those of the corresponding Merck Benefit Plans in the U.S., but excluding defined benefit pension plans, deferred compensation plans and post-employment welfare benefit plans; provided, however, that Organon may limit participation in any Organon Benefit Plan to Transferred Employees who participated in the corresponding Merck Benefit Plan immediately prior to the applicable Transfer Date.
(ii) Non-U.S. (including Puerto Rico). On or prior to the Distribution Date, the Organon Group shall, except as otherwise mutually agreed upon by the Parties, adopt Core Non-U.S. Organon Benefit Plans, with terms substantially comparable in the aggregate to those of the corresponding Non-U.S. Merck Benefit Plans immediately prior to the Distribution Date; provided, however, that Organon may limit participation in any such Core Non-U.S. Organon Benefit Plan to Non-U.S. Organon Employees who are Transferred Employees and who participated in the corresponding Non-U.S. Merck Benefit Plan. As described in Article IV, or as otherwise mutually agreed upon by the Parties from time to time, the Merck Group shall, or shall cause the applicable Non-U.S. Merck Benefit Plan’s related trust to, transfer to the Organon Group or the relevant Core Non-U.S. Organon Benefit Plan’s related trust, trust Assets, insurance reserves, and other Assets of each Non-U.S. Merck Benefit Plan. To the extent a Non-U.S. Merck Benefit Plan is not required to be funded by applicable Law or is not voluntarily funded, there shall be no transfer of assets by the Non-U.S. Merck Benefit Plan or by the Merck Group. As described in Article IV, or as otherwise mutually agreed upon by the Parties from time to time, the Organon Group shall, or shall cause the relevant Core Non-U.S. Organon Benefit Plan to, assume the Liabilities of the corresponding Non-U.S. Merck Benefit Plan with respect to all benefits accrued under that Non-U.S. Merck Benefit Plan by Non-U.S. Organon Employees who are Transferred Employees.
(b) Plan Information and Operation. Merck shall provide Organon with information describing each Merck Benefit Plan election made by a Transferred Employee that may have application following the applicable Transfer Date. Organon shall determine, in its sole discretion (and in compliance with Code Section 409A to the extent applicable), whether to administer the Organon Benefit Plans using those elections or to require Transferred Employees to submit new elections with respect to the Organon Benefit Plans. Except as provided in this Agreement, the Distribution and the transfer of any Employee’s employment to the Organon Group shall not cause a distribution from or payment of benefits under any Merck Benefit Plan. Each Party shall, upon reasonable request, provide the other Party and the other Party’s respective Affiliates, agents, and vendors all information reasonably necessary to the other Party’s operation or administration of its Benefit Plans and to accommodate the transfer of benefits.
 
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Section 2.04 Post-Distribution Organon Employees.
(a) The following provisions shall apply to all Post-Distribution Organon Employees. During the period commencing on the Distribution Date and ending on the applicable Transfer Date, Merck or its appropriate Affiliate shall manage the employment of each Post-Distribution Organon Employee consistently with its management of the employment of similar Merck Employees in the ordinary course of business (including with respect to compensation, annual and other bonuses, and other compensation, subject to Sections 2.04(a)(iii)(E) and 6.02 below); provided that Merck and its Affiliates shall have no obligation to make any equity grant or provide any other equity incentive to any Post-Distribution Organon Employee on or after the Distribution Date, and Organon shall have no obligation to Merck or any of its Affiliates in respect of any equity grant or other equity incentive that is provided by Merck or its appropriate Affiliate to any Post-Distribution Organon Employee on or after the Distribution Date unless and except where the Parties have agreed, as evidenced by the written consent of an authorized officer of each Party, otherwise. Organon shall be responsible for all cash compensation and benefits liabilities arising with respect to such Post-Distribution Organon Employee during such period pursuant to the terms of the applicable Transaction Document. Merck shall until the time of the applicable Local Closing Transaction (or such other Transfer Date with respect to any other Post-Distribution Organon Employee):
(i) provide Organon or its appropriate Affiliate with notice of (A) any material amendment to the Merck Code of Conduct to the extent applicable to the employment of a Post-Distribution Organon Employee or (B) the termination of any Post-Distribution Organon Employee due to a violation or potential violation of Law or the Merck Code of Conduct, or otherwise pursuant to Section 2.02(a)(ii);
(ii) provide Organon or its appropriate Affiliate with at least 30 days’ advance written notice prior to (A) making any material substantive change to the Employee Agreement of a Post-Distribution Organon Employee unless such change is required by applicable Law; (B) making any material change to the base salary of a Post-Distribution Organon Employee, other than an increase in the ordinary course of business, any change required by Law or any contract existing as of the Distribution Date, or as otherwise approved by Organon; or (C) making any modification to a Merck Benefit Plan in which a Post-Distribution Organon Employee participates if such modification would result in a significant change in the cost of such plan to the employer or the participant unless such change is required by applicable Law; and
(iii) consult with and request a recommendation from Organon or its appropriate Affiliate prior to (A) hiring any individual (other than in the ordinary course to replace any individual whose employment has terminated) who will be classified as an Organon Employee unless such headcount addition was authorized prior to the Distribution Date, (B) terminating any Post-Distribution Organon Employee, except due to a violation of Law or the Merck Code of Conduct, or otherwise pursuant to Section 2.02(a)(ii), (C) promoting any Post-Distribution Organon Employee to a compensation and career band of 700 or higher (other than in the ordinary course to replace any individual whose employment has terminated) unless such promotion was authorized prior to the Distribution Date, (D) demoting any Post-Distribution Organon Employee or otherwise materially changing the role or responsibility of any Post-Distribution Organon Employee, or (E) establishing targets or goals for bonus and other incentive compensation awards granted to Post-Distribution Organon Employees by Merck or any member of the Merck Group. Organon will be responsible for, and will indemnify the Merck Group from and against, any Liabilities incurred or payments made (including any severance payments made) in connection with the termination of a Post-Distribution Organon Employee pursuant to this Section 2.04(a)(iii) to the extent of any amount owed on or after the Distribution Date in accordance with the terms of the applicable Transaction Document.
 
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(b) Except as otherwise mutually agreed upon by the Parties (including in a Conveyance and Assumption Instrument), if an Organon Employee’s transfer of employment to the Organon Group upon the consummation of a Local Closing Transaction or otherwise causes, at the time of such transfer, a forfeiture of awards granted under a Merck Stock Program (or successor thereto), Merck shall not have any obligation, Liability or responsibility to such Organon Employee with respect to such forfeited awards, and Organon shall equitably compensate the affected Organon Employee for such forfeited awards in a manner determined by Organon in its sole discretion. Merck shall inform Organon on a regular basis of any such forfeited awards. The foregoing sentence shall not preclude the Parties from making arrangements, if allowed by the Merck Stock Program (or successor thereto) and applicable Law, to permit affected Organon Employees to continue to hold, after the Local Closing Transaction or other Transfer Date, awards granted under a Merck Stock Program (or successor thereto).
Section 2.05 Collective Bargaining. Organon shall cause the appropriate member of the Organon Group to assume all Liabilities arising under any collective bargaining agreement (including but not limited to any national, sector or local collective bargaining agreement), works council agreement, or other similar agreement with respect to any Transferred Employee. To the extent necessary, Organon shall cause the appropriate member of the Organon Group to join any industrial, employer or similar association or federation if membership is required for the relevant collective bargaining, works council, or other similar agreement to continue to apply.
ARTICLE III
U.S. QUALIFIED AND NON-QUALIFIED RETIREMENT PLANS
Section 3.01 Pension Plan. The Merck Pension Plan shall continue to be responsible for Liabilities in respect of all Employees (including Transferred Employees) and Former Employees. No Employees of the Organon Group shall accrue any additional benefits under the Merck Pension Plan following the later of (i) the Distribution Date, and (ii) their applicable Transfer Date. The accrued benefits of Transferred Employees under the Merck Pension Plan shall become fully vested as of the later of (i) the Distribution Date, and (ii) their applicable Transfer Dates. In addition, until distributions commence under the Merck Pension Plan for a Transferred Employee, the Merck Pension Plan shall continue to credit service earned with Organon and its Affiliates for purposes of early retirement eligibility and subsidies under the Merck Pension Plan. Furthermore, Merck shall provide any pension service crediting bridges offered under the Merck Separation Plan to any Transferred Employee who otherwise meets, on or prior to December 31, 2022, the age and service requirements for such pension service crediting bridges in the event that such Transferred Employee experiences a separation of employment from the Organon Group that would have entitled the Transferred Employee to benefits under the Merck Separation Plan prior to the Spin-Off (including satisfying any requirement to execute a release of claims against Merck and its affiliates).
 
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Section 3.02 Savings Plan.
(a) Establishment of Organon Savings Plan. Effective as of or prior to the Distribution Date, Organon shall establish the Organon Savings Plan. As of the Distribution Date, the Organon Savings Plan shall include provisions so that, subject to the applicable nondiscrimination rules under Code Sections 401(a)(4) and 401(m), the aggregate contributions during any plan year through at least December 31, 2022 for Transferred Employees shall be no less than the aggregate sum of such contributions under the Merck Savings Plan and the pay credits under the Merck Pension Plan as in effect immediately prior to the Distribution Date. On or prior to the Distribution Date, Organon shall provide Merck with (i) a copy of the Organon Savings Plan; and (ii) a copy of certified resolutions of the Organon Board (or its authorized committee or other delegate) evidencing adoption of the Organon Savings Plan and the related trust(s) and the acceptance by the Organon Savings Plan of the Liabilities described in Section 3.02(b) as and when rollovers occur.
(b) Elective Rollovers of Account Balances. As soon as practicable after the later of (i) the Distribution Date, and (ii) the Transferred Employee’s applicable Transfer Date, Organon shall take all actions necessary to permit Transferred Employees to directly roll over their account balances in the Merck Savings Plan to the Organon Savings Plan. Such rollovers may be made in cash, promissory notes evidencing outstanding loans or any combination thereof, as elected by the Transferred Employee.
(c) Organon Savings Plan Provisions. The Organon Savings Plan shall provide that:
(i) Transferred Employees shall (A) be eligible to participate in the Organon Savings Plan as of the later of (i) the Distribution Date, and (ii) their applicable Transfer Date, to the extent they were eligible to participate in the Merck Savings Plan as of immediately prior to such date, and (B) receive credit for vesting and benefit accrual purposes for all service credited for that purpose under the Merck Savings Plan as of the later of (y) the Distribution Date, and (z) their applicable Transfer Date, as if that service had been rendered to Organon; and
(ii) the Organon Savings Plan shall provide the opportunity to make up elective deferrals, and any employer contributions, required by USERRA for a Former Employee who is employed by the Organon Group following the Distribution Date pursuant to Section 2.02(a)(i)(C), including any amount that relates to the period of military leave that occurred prior to the Distribution Date.
(d) Determination Letter Request. Unless the Organon Savings Plan may rely on a favorable opinion letter from the Internal Revenue Service, Organon shall submit an application to the Internal Revenue Service either prior to, or as soon as practicable following, the Distribution Date for a determination regarding the qualification of the Organon Savings Plan as of the Distribution Date and shall make any amendments reasonably requested by the Internal Revenue Service to receive a favorable determination letter regarding the Organon Savings Plan.
 
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(e) Merck Savings Plan after Distribution Date. From and after the Distribution Date the Merck Savings Plan shall continue to be responsible for Liabilities in respect of all Employees (including Transferred Employees) and Former Employees. From and after the later of (ii) the Distribution Date, and (ii) their applicable Transfer Date, no Employees of the Organon Group shall accrue any benefits under the Merck Savings Plan. Without limiting the generality of the foregoing, Transferred Employees shall cease to be active participants in the Merck Savings Plan effective as of their applicable Transfer Date. For the avoidance of doubt, Merck Employees and Transferred Employees, until their respective Transfer Dates, shall accrue benefits under the Merck Savings Plan.
(f) Plan Fiduciaries. For all periods whether before or after the Distribution Date, the Parties agree that the applicable fiduciaries of each of the Merck Savings Plan and the Organon Savings Plan, respectively, shall have the authority with respect to the Merck Savings Plan and the Organon Savings Plan, respectively, to determine the investment alternatives, the terms and conditions with respect to those investment alternatives and such other matters as are within the scope of their duties under ERISA Section 404. Without limiting the generality of the foregoing, Merck or its designate may recommend initial investment funds available under the Organon Savings Plan, which Organon shall be free to accept or reject in accordance with its fiduciary duties.
Section 3.03 Supplemental Pension Plan. The Merck SERP shall continue to be responsible for Liabilities in respect of all Employees (including Transferred Employees) and Former Employees accrued thereunder. No Employees of the Organon Group shall accrue any benefits under the Merck SERP following the later of the Distribution Date and their applicable Transfer Date, but the Merck SERP shall credit such Employee’s continuous service with the Organon Group following the Transfer Date for purposes of early retirement eligibility and early retirement subsidies. Except as otherwise provided by Code Section 409A, a Transferred Employee shall not be considered to have undergone a “separation from service” for purposes of Code Section 409A and the Merck SERP solely by reason of the Spin-Off, and, following his or her Transfer Date, the determination of whether a Transferred Employee has incurred a separation from service with respect to his or her benefit in the Merck SERP shall be based solely upon his performance of services for the Organon Group.
Section 3.04 Deferred Compensation Plan.
(a) Establishment of Organon DCP. Effective as of or before the Distribution Date, Organon shall establish the Organon DCP to permit company credits to Organon Savings Plan participant accounts to the extent contributions cannot be made to the Organon Savings Plan by reason of the limits under the Code, such as Code Section 401(a)(17).
 
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(b) Merck DCP after Spin-Off. From and after the later of the Distribution Date and a Transferred Employee’s Transfer Date, such individual shall not actively participate in or accrue any benefits under the Merck DCP. The Merck DCP shall continue to be responsible for Liabilities in respect of all Employees (including Transferred Employees) and Former Employees. Except as otherwise provided by Code Section 409A, a Transferred Employee shall not be considered to have undergone a “separation from service” for purposes of Code Section 409A and the Merck DCP solely by reason of the Spin-Off, and, following his Transfer Date, the determination of whether a Transferred Employee has incurred a separation from service with respect to his or her benefit in the Merck DCP shall be based solely upon his or her performance of services for the Organon Group.
(c) Adjustment of Merck Common-Stock-Denominated Investments (“Merck Phantom Shares”). Each Merck Phantom Share that remains outstanding in the Merck DCP as of immediately prior to the Distribution Date, regardless of by whom held shall be converted concurrently with the Distribution on the Distribution Date into an “Adjusted Merck Phantom Share.” The number of units represented by an Adjusted Merck Phantom Share shall be equal to (1) the number of Merck Phantom Shares immediately prior to the Distribution Date, divided by (2) the Merck Conversion Ratio, rounded to the nearest unit.
Section 3.05 Failure to Notify of Employment Termination. Organon shall notify Merck of the “separation from service” (as determined pursuant to Section 409A of the Code) of any Transferred Employee by the 15th day of the calendar month following the calendar month of such Transferred Employee’s separation from service. At that time, Organon shall also notify Merck whether the Transferred Employee is a “specified employee” as determined pursuant to Code Section 409A. In the event that a distribution of benefits to a Transferred Employee is not made at the proper time pursuant to any Merck plan because Organon did not timely notify Merck of any such separation from service, or specified employee status, Organon shall reimburse Merck for all costs, including incidental and consequential damages incurred by Merck in connection therewith (including but not limited to additional benefit plan payments, legal fees, accounting fees and advisor fees, service provider fees, the costs of preparing and making any governmental filings, any “gross-up” Merck determines to pay to such Transferred Employee in connection with a violation of Code Section 409A) and any other amounts Merck reasonably determines would have been avoided if Organon had timely notified Merck of such separation from service or specified employee status.
ARTICLE IV
NON-U.S. RETIREMENT PLANS
Section 4.01 Establishment of Non-U.S. Retirement Plans and Transfers of Assets and Liabilities. Except as mutually agreed upon by the Parties or required under this Article IV, effective as of or before the Distribution Date, Organon or its appropriate Affiliate will establish pension and retirement plans (whether defined contribution or defined benefit pension plans) with terms that are substantially comparable in the aggregate to those offered to Transferred Non-U.S. Employees immediately prior to the earlier of (i) the Distribution Date or (ii) their applicable Transfer Date.
(a) Transfer of Non-U.S. Retirement Plan Assets and Liabilities. As soon as practicable following the establishment of a Non-U.S. Organon Benefit Plan, except as otherwise provided in this Agreement or as mutually agreed upon by the Parties, the Assets and Liabilities (determined as of the date of the applicable local closing, whether occurring prior to, on or after
 
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the Distribution Date (such date, the “Applicable Closing Date”)) under the corresponding Non-U.S. Merck Benefit Plan attributable to Transferred Non-U.S. Employees who are participants in such plan, along with any other Assets and Liabilities that Organon agrees to assume with respect to such plan, shall be transferred to such Non-U.S. Organon Benefit Plan. The Non-U.S. Merck Benefit Plan shall retain all Assets and Liabilities related to Merck Retained Employees, Former Employees and Post-Distribution Organon Employees (subject to Section 4.01(c)). Except as otherwise mutually agreed upon by the Parties, assets will be allocated between the plans based on the proportion of Liabilities borne by each plan. Except as otherwise mutually agreed upon by the Parties, such Liabilities will be valued using the projected benefit obligation based on plan provisions as in effect at the Applicable Closing Date and applying demographic and other assumptions used in the most recently completed valuation of the applicable Non-U.S. Merck Benefit Plan (and taking into account the requirements of ASC 715 as it exists as of the Applicable Closing Date); provided, however, that all economic assumptions will be updated as of the Applicable Closing Date. The transfer amount described above shall be credited or debited, as applicable, with a pro rata share of the actual investment earnings or losses allocable to the transfer amount for the period between the Applicable Closing Date and an assessment date set by Merck that is as close as practicable, taking into account the timing and reporting of valuation of the applicable Non-U.S. Merck Benefit Plan’s Assets, to the date upon which Assets equal in value to the transfer amount are actually transferred from the applicable Non-U.S. Merck Benefit Plan to the applicable Non-U.S. Organon Benefit Plan; provided that, if actual investment earnings or losses are not then determinable, Merck and Organon shall then agree on a reasonable alternative methodology (which may include expected or estimated returns used for other similar purposes by Merck in the ordinary course of business). During this period, benefits payable to Transferred Non-U.S. Employees shall be paid from the Non-U.S. Merck Benefit Plan. Except as otherwise mutually agreed upon by the Parties, the ultimate transfer amount shall be reduced by the amount of these benefits and credited or debited by the actual investment earnings or losses from the payment date to the assessment date set by Merck above. Any third party fees, costs or expenses incurred under the applicable Non-U.S. Merck Benefit Plan during the period from the Applicable Closing Date to the assessment date set by Merck shall be shared by the Parties based on the proportion of Liabilities borne by the applicable Non-U.S. Merck Benefit Plan and the applicable Non-U.S. Organon Benefit Plan. The Parties agree to use commercially reasonable efforts to accomplish each transfer as soon as practicable on or following the Applicable Closing Date and to cooperate with each other to make such filings and disclosures and obtain such approvals as may be deemed necessary or advisable in accordance with applicable Law. Notwithstanding the foregoing, to the extent a Non-U.S. Merck Benefit Plan is not required to be funded by applicable Law or is not voluntarily funded, there shall be no transfer of Assets by the Non-U.S. Merck Benefit Plan or by the Merck Group in respect thereof.
(b) Non-U.S. Organon Retirement Plan Provisions. Each Non-U.S. Organon Benefit Plan shall provide, except as otherwise provided in this Agreement or local Conveyance and Assumption Instruments, that:
(i) Transferred Non-U.S. Employees shall (A) be eligible to participate in the Non-U.S. Organon Benefit Plan to the extent they were eligible to participate in the corresponding Non-U.S. Merck Benefit Plan, and (B) receive credit for vesting, eligibility and benefit service to the same extent recognized by Merck as of immediately prior to their Transfer Date for all service credited for those purposes under the corresponding Non-U.S. Merck Benefit Plan as if that service had been rendered to Organon;
 
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(ii) the compensation paid by the Merck Group to a Transferred Non-U.S. Employee that is recognized under the Non-U.S. Merck Benefit Plan shall be credited and recognized for all applicable purposes under the corresponding Non-U.S. Organon Benefit Plan as though it were compensation from the Organon Group; and
(iii) the accrued benefit of each Transferred Non-U.S. Employee under the Non-U.S. Merck Benefit Plan that is transferred to the corresponding Non-U.S. Organon Benefit Plan pursuant to Section 4.01(a) shall be paid under such Non-U.S. Organon Benefit Plan in accordance with the terms of such Non-U.S. Organon Benefit Plan and applicable Law, with employment by the Merck Group treated as employment by the Organon Group under the Non-U.S. Organon Benefit Plan for purposes of determining eligibility for optional forms of benefit, early retirement benefits, or other benefit forms.
(c) Subsequent Transfers. Periodically, at such times as agreed upon by the Parties after the initial transfer described in Section 4.01(a), Organon shall cause the applicable Non-U.S. Organon Benefit Plan to receive Assets and assume all Liabilities under the applicable Non-U.S. Merck Benefit Plan for Post-Distribution Organon Employees who become Transferred Employees (including Assets and Liabilities in respect of beneficiaries and/or alternate payees) and the applicable Non-U.S. Merck Benefit Plan shall transfer all such Assets and be relieved of such Liabilities. The amount of such Assets to be transferred shall be determined as provided in Section 4.01(a) (and shall include any employee contributions made by such Post-Distribution Organon Employee between the Distribution Date and the applicable Transfer Date) and shall be subject to the applicable provisions of Section 4.01(a).
(d) Notwithstanding the foregoing, if pension benefits are funded by individually linked insurance contracts, such contracts in respect of Transferred Employees shall be assigned to Organon or its applicable Subsidiary in lieu of the transfers of (and calculations of value with respect to) other Assets otherwise contemplated hereby.
ARTICLE V
WELFARE AND FRINGE BENEFIT PLANS
Section 5.01 Health and Welfare Plans.
(a) Establishment of Organon Health and Welfare Plans. Effective as of or before the Distribution Date, Organon shall establish the Core Organon Health and Welfare Plans, with terms substantially comparable in the aggregate to those of the corresponding Core Merck Health and Welfare Plans unless otherwise provided in this Article V. For the avoidance of doubt, Organon shall not be required to provide retiree medical benefits to any employee hired on or after the Distribution Date.
(b) Waiver of Conditions; Benefit Maximums. Organon shall, to the extent commercially reasonable and permitted under applicable Law and, with respect to Non-U.S. Health and Welfare Plans, to the extent applicable, cause the Organon Health and Welfare Plans to:
 
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(i) with respect to initial enrollment (whether passive or active) prior to, as of or following an individual’s applicable Transfer Date:
(A) waive all limitations as to preexisting conditions, exclusions, and service conditions with respect to participation and coverage requirements applicable to any Transferred Employee, other than limitations that were in effect with respect to the Transferred Employee under the applicable Merck Health and Welfare Plan as of immediately prior to such individual’s Transfer Date;
(B) waive any waiting period limitation or evidence of insurability requirement applicable to a Transferred Employee other than limitations or requirements that were in effect with respect to such Transferred Employee under the applicable Merck Health and Welfare Plan as of immediately prior to such individual’s Transfer Date;
(C) with respect to aggregate annual, lifetime, or similar maximum benefits available under the Organon Health and Welfare Plans, recognize a Transferred Employee’s prior claim experience under the Merck Health and Welfare Plans and any Benefit Plan that provides leave benefits; and
(D) cause any eligible expenses incurred by a Transferred Employee and his or her covered dependents during the portion of the plan year of the applicable Merck Health and Welfare Plan ending on the date that the Transferred Employee’s coverage commences under the Organon Health and Welfare Plan to be taken into account under such Organon Health and Welfare Plan for purposes of satisfying all deductible, coinsurance, and maximum out-of-pocket requirements applicable to such Transferred Employee and his or her covered dependents for the applicable plan year as if such amounts had been paid in accordance with such Organon Health and Welfare Plan.
(c) Allocation of Health and Welfare Assets and Liabilities.
(i) General Principles. Notwithstanding any other provision hereof and except as otherwise agreed between the Parties, (A) Merck shall retain all Liabilities relating to Incurred Claims of Merck Retained Employees and Former Employees under the Merck Health and Welfare Plans, and shall also retain Assets (including, without limitation, Medicare reimbursements, pharmaceutical rebates, and similar items) associated with such Incurred Claims and (B) Organon shall be responsible for Incurred Claims of Organon Employees from and after the applicable Transfer Date. Organon shall be responsible for all Liabilities relating to Incurred Claims under any Organon Health and Welfare Plan and shall also retain Assets (including, without limitation, Medicare reimbursements, pharmaceutical rebates, and similar items) associated with such Incurred Claims. Merck shall retain any Assets (including, without limitation, Medicare reimbursements, pharmaceutical rebates, and similar items) that are not associated with any specific Incurred Claim.
 
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(ii) Disability Benefits. Notwithstanding any other provision hereof and except as otherwise agreed between the Parties, (A) Merck shall be responsible for Incurred Claims (including ongoing benefit payments) of Merck Retained Employees and Former Employees for short- and long-term disability benefits, regardless of when the applicable Incurred Claim was incurred and (B) subject to the immediately following sentence, Organon shall be responsible for Incurred Claims (including ongoing benefit payments) of Organon Employees from and after the applicable Transfer Date for short-term disability benefits and long-term disability benefits. Notwithstanding the foregoing, an Organon Employee who is on short-term disability leave on the Transfer Date under a U.S. Health and Welfare Plan and who subsequently qualifies for long-term disability without an intervening new Incurred Claim shall receive long-term disability benefits from the Merck long-term disability plan, but all other benefits attributable to his or her disability (including continued pension accrual, if applicable, and participation in any medical or life insurance plan for disabled persons, if applicable) shall be provided by the applicable Organon Benefit Plan, if any, or otherwise be the responsibility of Organon, and if Organon does not sponsor a plan providing any such benefits, such Organon Employee shall not be entitled to such benefits from any Merck Benefit Plan.
(iii) U.S. Flexible Spending Accounts. The Parties shall take all actions necessary to ensure that, effective as of the later of the Distribution Date and the applicable Employee’s Transfer Date, (A) the health care and dependent care flexible spending accounts of the applicable Transferred Employees (whether positive or negative) (the “Transferred Flexible Spending Account Balances”) under the applicable Merck Health and Welfare Plan shall be transferred to the corresponding Organon Health and Welfare Plan; (B) the elections, contribution levels and coverage of the Transferred Employees shall apply under the Organon Health and Welfare Plan in the same manner as under the corresponding Merck Health and Welfare Plan; and (C) the Transferred Employees shall be eligible for reimbursement from the Organon Health and Welfare Plan on the same basis and the same terms and conditions as under the corresponding Merck Health and Welfare Plan. As soon as practicable after the Distribution Date (and any later Transferred Employee’s Transfer Date), and in any event within 30 business days after the amount of the Transferred Flexible Spending Account Balances is determined, Merck shall pay Organon the net aggregate amount of the Transferred Flexible Spending Account Balances, if such amount is positive, and Organon shall pay Merck the net aggregate amount of the Transferred Flexible Spending Account Balances, if such amount is negative.
(d) Retiree Health Care Plan and Retiree Life Insurance. Notwithstanding any other provision hereof (or any other action taken by Merck and Organon on or prior to the Distribution Date, including any assignment and assumption of Assets or Liabilities related thereto), Merck shall retain the Liabilities and responsibility for all obligations under the Merck Retiree Health Care Plan for benefits due to Merck Retained Employees, Transferred Employees and Former Employees, and shall also retain Assets, including, without limitation, Medicare reimbursements, pharmaceutical rebates, and similar items, associated with such benefits. For
 
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each Transferred Employee, Merck shall (i) cause the Merck Retiree Health Care Plan to credit service with Organon and its Affiliates after a Transferred Employee’s Transfer Date for purposes of benefit eligibility under the Merck Retiree Health Care Plan, and (ii) in the event of a separation of employment that occurs on or prior to December 31, 2022, that would have entitled the Transferred Employee to benefits under the Merck Separation Plan prior to the Spin-Off (including any requirement to execute a release of claims against Merck and its affiliates), provide any retiree medical bridges that would have been offered under the Merck Separation Plan. For the avoidance of doubt, nothing herein shall be deemed to restrict the right of Merck to amend or terminate the Merck Retiree Health Care Plan at any time; provided, however, that Merck may not amend the Merck Retiree Health Care Plan in any manner that disproportionately, materially and adversely effects the rights of Organon Employees vis-à-vis the Merck Employees.
(e) Merck Health and Welfare Plans after Distribution Date. Except as otherwise provided in Section 5.01, Transferred Employees shall cease to participate in the Merck Health and Welfare Plans effective as of their respective Transfer Dates.
Section 5.02 COBRA. Merck shall continue to be responsible for compliance with the health care continuation requirements of COBRA, and the corresponding provisions of the Merck Health and Welfare Plans with respect to any (a) Merck Retained Employees and any Former Employees (and their covered dependents) who incur a qualifying event under COBRA on, prior to, or following the Distribution Date, (b) Organon Employees who do not at any time become Transferred Employees (and their covered dependents) who incur a qualifying event under COBRA on, prior to, or following the Distribution Date, and (c) subject to Section 2.04, other Organon Employees (and their covered dependents), with respect to qualifying events under COBRA incurred prior to the applicable Transfer Date. Organon shall assume responsibility for compliance with the health care continuation requirements of COBRA and the corresponding provisions of the Organon Health and Welfare Plans with respect to any Transferred Employees (and their covered dependents) who incur a qualifying event or loss of coverage under the Organon Health and Welfare Plans on or after their respective Transfer Dates. The Parties agree that the consummation of the transactions contemplated by the Separation and Distribution Agreement shall not constitute a COBRA qualifying event for any purpose of COBRA.
Section 5.03 Vacation, Holidays and Leaves of Absence. Effective as of the applicable Transfer Date in accordance with Section 2.01(a)(i), Organon shall be responsible for any and all Liabilities to, or relating to, Transferred Employees in respect of vacation, holiday, personal days, sick days, annual leave or other leave of absence, and required payments related thereto (whether accruing prior to, on or after the applicable Transfer Date), including any such Liabilities, and any such required payments related thereto, reasonably determined by Merck in its sole discretion. Merck shall retain all Liabilities with respect to vacation, holiday, annual leave or other leave of absence, and required payments related thereto, for each Merck Retained Employee and Former Employee, as well as Organon Employees until the applicable Transfer Date of such Organon Employees.
 
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Section 5.04 Severance and Unemployment Compensation. Effective as of the applicable Transfer Date, Organon shall be responsible for any and all Liabilities to, or relating to, Transferred Employees in respect of severance and unemployment compensation. Transferred Employees shall receive credit for service with Merck as of the applicable Transfer Date as if that service had been rendered to Organon for determining severance entitlements subject to the limitations on service crediting in Section 2.02(c). Subject to any specific agreement to the contrary in the Separation and Distribution Agreement or any Transaction Document and subject to Sections 2.02(a)(ii) and 2.04 hereof, Merck shall be responsible for any and all Liabilities to, or relating to, Merck Retained Employees and Former Employees, as well as Organon Employees until an applicable Transfer Date occurs with respect to such Organon Employees, in respect of severance and unemployment compensation, regardless of whether the event giving rise to the Liability occurred prior to, on, or following the Distribution Date.
Section 5.05 Workers’ Compensation. Except as required by applicable Law or as otherwise determined jointly by the Parties as a result of the requirements of any Governmental Authority, all United States workers’ compensation Liabilities relating to, arising out of, or resulting from any claim shall be assumed, or retained as the case may be, by the Party (or its applicable Subsidiary) that employed such Employee as of the time of such claim. The Merck Group shall be responsible for all Liabilities relating to, arising out of, or resulting from any United States workers’ compensation claims incurred prior to an applicable Transferred Employee’s Transfer Date unless expressly specified otherwise in the immediately preceding sentence or as required by applicable Law. Each member of the Organon Group and the Merck Group shall cooperate with respect to any notification to appropriate governmental agencies of the disposition and the issuance of new, or the transfer of existing, workers’ compensation insurance policies and claims handling contracts.
ARTICLE VI
EQUITY, INCENTIVE, AND DIRECTOR AND EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION PROGRAMS
Section 6.01 Equity Incentive Programs.
(a) Options, PSUs and RSUs. The Parties shall use commercially reasonable efforts to take all actions necessary or appropriate so that each outstanding Merck Option, Merck PSU Award, and Merck RSU Award granted under a Merck Stock Program shall be adjusted or converted as set forth in this Section 6.01. This Section 6.01(a) shall not apply to grants made under the Merck Directors’ DCP (or any successor or predecessor plan), and the sole provisions with respect to the adjustment and conversion of those grants are set forth in Section 6.03.
(i) Merck Options. Each Merck Option outstanding as of immediately prior to the Distribution Date, whether vested or unvested and regardless of by whom held shall be converted concurrently with the Distribution on the Distribution Date into (x) an Adjusted Merck Option in the case of Merck Employees, Post-Distribution Organon Employees and Former Employees or (y) an Organon Option in the case of Organon Employees (excluding any Post-Distribution Organon Employee). Each such adjusted or converted Option shall, except as otherwise provided in this Section 6.01, be subject to the same terms and conditions (including with respect to vesting) after the Distribution Date as applicable to such Merck Option immediately prior to the Distribution Date; provided, however, that upon such adjustment or conversion:
 
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(A) the number of Merck Common Shares subject to such Adjusted Merck Option (if any) shall be equal to (1) the number of Merck Common Shares subject to the Merck Option immediately prior to the Distribution Date, multiplied by (2) the Merck Conversion Ratio, rounded down to the nearest whole share;
(B) the number of shares of Organon Common Stock subject to the Organon Option into which such Merck Option is converted (if any) shall be equal to (1) (xx) the number of Merck Common Shares subject to the Merck Option immediately prior to the Distribution Date multiplied by (yy) the Distribution Ratio, multiplied by (2) the Organon Conversion Ratio, rounded down to the nearest whole share;
(C) the per share exercise price of each Adjusted Merck Option, shall be equal to (1) the per share exercise price of the Merck Option immediately prior to the Distribution Date divided by (2) the Merck Conversion Ratio, rounded up to the nearest cent; and
(D) the per share exercise price of each Organon Option, shall be equal to (1) the per share exercise price of the Merck Option immediately prior to the Distribution Date divided by (2) the Organon Conversion Ratio divided by (3) the Distribution Ratio, rounded up to the nearest cent;
provided, however, that the exercise price, the number of Merck Common Shares and the number of shares of Organon Common Stock subject to such options, and the terms and conditions of exercise of such options shall be determined in a manner consistent with the requirements of Code Section 409A.
(ii) Merck PSU Awards.
(A) Merck Employees, Post-Distribution Organon Employees and Former Employees. Merck shall, concurrently with the Distribution on the Distribution Date and notwithstanding the existing terms of such awards, cause the performance goals under each outstanding Merck PSU Award held by a Merck Employee, a Post-Distribution Organon Employee or a Former Employee to be equitably adjusted, as determined in its sole discretion. Each such Merck PSU Award held by a Merck Employee, a Post-Distribution Organon Employee or a Former Employee shall be converted concurrently with the Distribution on the Distribution Date into an Adjusted Merck PSU Award. Such converted award shall be (in all other respects) subject to substantially the same terms and conditions immediately following the Distribution Date as applicable immediately prior to the Distribution Date; provided, however, that the number of units represented by the Adjusted Merck PSU Award shall be equal to (1) the number of units subject to the Merck PSU Award immediately prior to the Distribution Date, multiplied by (2) the Merck Conversion Ratio, rounded to the nearest whole unit.
 
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(B) Organon Employees’ (other than Post-Distribution Organon Employees’) 2019 Merck PSU Awards. Effective as of immediately prior to the Distribution on the Distribution Date, the Merck Compensation and Benefits Committee, pursuant to its authority under the applicable Merck Stock Program and notwithstanding the existing terms of such awards, shall determine and certify the level of attainment of all applicable performance goals under each outstanding Merck PSU Award with a 2019 to 2021 performance period that is held by an Organon Employee (other than a Post-Distribution Organon Employee), whether vested or unvested, as of immediately prior to the Distribution (with December 31, 2020 treated as the last day of the applicable performance period and such level of attained performance applied to 100% of the shares subject to the Merck PSU Award). Any such earned Merck PSU Award shall be converted, concurrently with the Distribution on the Distribution Date, into an Organon RSU Award with respect to a number of shares of Organon Common Stock equal to (1) (xx) the number of units subject to the earned Merck PSU Award immediately prior to the Distribution Date (as determined pursuant to the foregoing sentence) multiplied by (yy) the Distribution Ratio, multiplied by (2) the Organon Conversion Ratio, rounded to the nearest unit. Such Organon RSU Award shall be (in all other respects, including time-based vesting) subject to substantially the same terms and conditions immediately following the Distribution Date as applicable to the Merck PSU Award from which it was converted. Any portion of such Merck PSU Award that is not earned shall be immediately forfeited as of the Distribution Date without the payment of any consideration therefore.
(C) Organon Employees (other than Post-Distribution Organon Employees), 2020 and 2021 Merck PSU Awards. Effective as of immediately prior to the Distribution on the Distribution Date, a number of shares equal to the target number of shares subject to each outstanding Merck PSU Award with a 2020 to 2022 performance period and each outstanding Merck PSU Award with a 2021 to 2023 performance period that is held by an Organon Employee (other than a Post-Distribution Organon Employee), whether vested or unvested, as of immediately prior to the Distribution shall be deemed earned. Any such earned Merck PSU Award shall be converted, concurrently with the Distribution on the Distribution Date, into an Organon RSU Award with respect to a number of shares of Organon Common Stock equal to (1) (xx) the number of units subject to the earned Merck PSU Award immediately prior to the Distribution Date (as determined pursuant to the foregoing sentence) multiplied by (yy) the Distribution Ratio, multiplied by (2) the Organon Conversion Ratio, rounded to the nearest unit. Such Organon RSU Award shall be (in all other respects, including time-based vesting) subject to substantially the same terms and conditions immediately following the Distribution Date as applicable to the Merck PSU Award from which it was converted. Any portion of such Merck PSU Award that is not earned shall be immediately forfeited as of the Distribution Date without the payment of any consideration therefore.
 
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(iii) Merck RSU Awards. Each Merck RSU Award that remains outstanding as of immediately prior to the Distribution Date, regardless of by whom held, whether vested or unvested, shall be converted concurrently with the Distribution on the Distribution Date into (A) an Adjusted Merck RSU Award in the case of Merck Employees, Post-Distribution Organon Employees and Former Employees or (B) an Organon RSU Award in the case of Organon Employees (other than Post-Distribution Organon Employees). Except as set forth in this Section 6.01(a)(iii), all Adjusted Merck RSU Awards and Organon RSU Awards issued in accordance with this Section 6.01(a)(iii) shall be subject to substantially the same terms and conditions (including with respect to vesting) immediately following the Distribution Date as applicable immediately prior to the Distribution Date for those Merck RSU Awards from which such Adjusted Merck RSU Awards and Organon RSU Awards were converted; provided, however, that upon such adjustment or conversion:
(A) the number of units represented by an Adjusted Merck RSU Award shall be equal to (1) the number of units subject to the Merck RSU Award immediately prior to the Distribution Date, multiplied by (2) the Merck Conversion Ratio, rounded to the nearest unit; and
(B) the number of units represented by an Organon RSU Award shall be equal to (1) (xx) the number of units subject to the Merck RSU Award immediately prior to the Distribution Date multiplied by (yy) the Distribution Ratio, multiplied by (2) the Organon Conversion Ratio, rounded to the nearest unit.
(iv) Notwithstanding the foregoing, the Parties may mutually agree not to adjust (or to otherwise adjust as they deem appropriate) certain outstanding Merck equity-based awards pursuant to the foregoing provisions of this Section 6.01 to the extent such actions would create or trigger adverse legal, accounting, administrative, tax consequences or in order to comply with any Employee Agreement or similar agreement with any affected Employee.
(b) Miscellaneous Award Terms. After the Distribution Date, Adjusted Merck Awards, regardless of by whom held, shall be settled by Merck, and Organon Awards, regardless of by whom held, shall be settled by Organon. Except as otherwise provided in this Agreement, with respect to grants described in this Section 6.01, no Transferred Employee (other than a Post-Distribution Organon Employee) shall be treated as having incurred a termination of employment or separation from service with respect to any Merck Award solely by reason of his or her transfer of employment. Following the Distribution Date, for any award adjusted or otherwise received in accordance with this Section 6.01, any reference to a “change in control,” “change of control” or similar definition in an award agreement, employment agreement or Merck Stock Program applicable to such award (A) with respect to Adjusted Merck Awards, shall be deemed to refer to a “change in control,” “change of control” or similar defined term as set forth in the applicable award agreement, employment agreement or Merck Stock Program (a “Merck Change of Control”) and (B) with respect to Organon Awards, shall be deemed to refer to a “change in control,” “change of control” or similar defined term as set forth in the Organon Equity Plan (a “Organon Change of Control”). The Distribution shall not, in and of itself, be treated as either a Merck Change of Control or an Organon Change of Control.
 
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(c) Registration and Other Regulatory Requirements. As soon as possible following (or prior to) the Distribution Date, but in any case before the date of issuance of any shares of Organon Common Stock pursuant to the Organon Equity Plan, Organon agrees to file a Form S-8 Registration Statement (or such other registration statement as may be permitted in lieu thereof if a Form S-8 Registration Statement is not then available for any such awards to be granted in accordance with the terms of this Agreement) with respect to, and to cause to be registered pursuant to the Securities Act, the shares of Organon Common Stock authorized for issuance under the Organon Equity Plan as required pursuant to the Securities Act. The Parties shall take such additional actions as are deemed necessary or advisable to effectuate the foregoing provisions of this Section 6.01, including compliance with securities Laws and other legal requirements associated with equity compensation awards in affected non-U.S. jurisdictions.
(d) Merck Equity-Based Awards in Certain Non-U.S. Jurisdictions. Notwithstanding the foregoing provisions of this Section 6.01, the Parties may mutually agree, in their sole discretion (including as set forth in Schedule 6.01(d)), not to adjust certain outstanding Merck equity-based awards pursuant to the foregoing provisions of this Section 6.01, where those actions would create or trigger adverse legal, accounting or tax consequences for Merck, Organon, and/or the affected non-U.S. award holders. In such circumstances, Merck and/or Organon may take any action necessary or advisable to prevent any such adverse legal, accounting or tax consequences, including, but not limited to, agreeing that the outstanding Merck equity-based awards of the affected non-U.S. award holders shall terminate in accordance with the terms of the Merck Stock Programs and the underlying award agreements, in which case Organon or Merck, as applicable, shall equitably compensate the affected non-U.S. award holders in an alternate manner determined by Organon or Merck, as applicable, in its sole discretion, or apply an alternate adjustment method. Where and to the extent required by applicable Law or tax considerations outside the United States, the adjustments described in this Section 6.01 shall be deemed to have been effectuated immediately prior to the Distribution Date.
Section 6.02 Annual Bonus. The Organon Group shall be responsible for all annual bonus payments or other forms of cash incentive compensation (including commissions) payable to Transferred Employees (including Post-Distribution Organon Employees) the performance period for which ends after the applicable Transferred Employee’s Transfer Date. For the avoidance of doubt, the Merck Group shall have no obligation or responsibility to pay such amounts to such Transferred Employees (including Post-Distribution Employees) in respect of any portion of such performance period and annual bonus payments or other forms of cash incentive compensation (including commissions) for such full performance period shall be the sole obligation and responsibility of the Organon Group pursuant to the final applicable program terms and conditions established and administered by the Organon Group. The Merck Group shall be responsible for any annual bonus payments or other forms of cash incentive compensation payable to Transferred Employees (including Post-Distribution Organon Employees) the performance period for which ends on or prior to the applicable Transferred Employee’s Transfer Date.
 
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Section 6.03 Merck Deferred Stock Units. Each outstanding Merck Deferred Stock Unit shall be adjusted or convertedas set forth in this Section 6.03. For the avoidance of doubt, the remainder of this Section 6.03 applies only to grants made under the Merck Directors’ DCP (or any successor or predecessor plan), while Section 6.01 is intended to apply to other programs included within the Merck Stock Programs. Each holder of a Merck Deferred Stock Unit that remains outstanding as of immediately prior to the Distribution Date (regardless of by whom held, whether vested or unvested), shall be converted concurrently with the Distribution on the Distribution Date into an Adjusted Merck Deferred Stock Unit Award. Except as set forth in this Section 6.03(a), all Adjusted Merck Deferred Stock Unit Awards issued in accordance with this Section 6.03(a) shall be subject to substantially the same terms and conditions (including with respect to vesting) immediately following the Distribution Date as applicable immediately prior to the Distribution Date for those Merck Deferred Stock Units from which such Adjusted Merck Deferred Stock Unit Awards were converted; provided, however, that with respect to each Merck Deferred Stock Unit converted in accordance with the immediately preceding sentence the number of units represented by an Adjusted Merck RSU Award (if any) shall be equal to (1) the number of units subject to the Merck Deferred Stock Unit immediately prior to the Distribution Date, multiplied by (2) the Merck Conversion Ratio, rounded to the nearest unit. To the maximum extent permitted by Treasury Regulations Section 1.409A-1(h)(4), a member of the Merck Board who no longer serves on the Merck Board immediately following the Distribution Date shall be considered to have undergone a “separation from service” for purposes of Code Section 409A and the Merck Directors’ DCP.
Section 6.04 Directors’ Deferred Compensation Plan.
(a) Retention of Directors’ DCP Liabilities. Merck shall retain all of the Liabilities under the Merck Directors’ DCP following the Distribution Date. To the maximum extent permitted by Treasury Regulations Section 1.409A-1(h)(4), a member of the Merck Board who no longer serves on the Merck Board immediately following the Distribution Date shall be considered to have undergone a “separation from service” for purposes of Code Section 409A and the Merck Directors’ DCP.
(b) Merck Directors’ DCP after Transfer Date. From and after the Distribution Date, each person who no longer serves on the Merck Board, as of immediately following the Distribution Date, shall not accrue any additional benefits under the Merck Directors’ DCP.
ARTICLE VII
POST-DISTRIBUTION COVENANTS
Section 7.01 Non-Hire; Non-Solicit.
(a) To the fullest extent permitted by applicable Law, from the Distribution Date through the first anniversary of the Distribution Date, Organon shall not, and shall cause the Organon Group not to, recruit, solicit or hire (whether as an employee, consultant, contractor or
 
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otherwise) any individual who was an Employee of the Merck Group as of or within six months prior to the Distribution Date and who both (i) rejected any offer of employment made by the Organon Group in connection with the Separation and Distribution and (ii) received severance payments in connection with the termination of their employment with the Merck Group, for a position that is the same as or similar to such previously rejected position.
(b) Organon specifically acknowledges and agrees that this provision does not impede the Organon Group from competing in the marketplace or obtaining sufficient talent to effectively innovate, develop, grow, or sustain its business.
(c) The Parties further specifically acknowledge and agree that any remedy at law for any breach of this Section 7.01 shall be inadequate and that in the event of any actual or threatened breach of this Section 7.01, the non-breaching party, in addition to any other relief available to it, shall be entitled to temporary and permanent injunctive relief without the necessity of proving actual damage.
(d) The Parties specifically acknowledge and agree that an exception may be made to this provision at the sole discretion and with the written consent of Organon’s Chief Human Resources Officer. Any exception made shall not be used as precedent to compel or allow any further exceptions.
ARTICLE VIII
TAXES
Section 8.01 Reporting, Withholding and Deductions. Unless otherwise provided under this Agreement, the Party that has been allocated a Liability under this Agreement shall take responsibility for tax reporting and withholding (including paying any corresponding employer tax obligation and remitting both the employer taxes and the withheld taxes) with respect to that Liability, and shall be entitled to claim the benefit of any corresponding tax deductions on an applicable income tax return. The Party with responsibility for reporting and withholding shall prepare all associated Tax Returns (as defined in the Tax Matters Agreement) and shall be Liable and shall indemnify and hold harmless the other Party for any Taxes (as defined in the Tax Matters Agreement), including interest, penalties, additions to Tax, or additional amounts in respect of Taxes. The Party responsible for preparing and filing the required Tax Returns shall be determined as set forth in Sections 3.1 and 3.3 of the Tax Matters Agreement, and each Party shall provide to the other Party all information and assistance requested to fulfill the obligations set forth herein applying the standards set forth in Section 3.2 of the Tax Matters Agreement.
For the avoidance of doubt, the allocation of Tax deductions in this Section 8.01 shall be taken into account for purposes of the allocation of Tax Attributes under Section 2.10 of the Tax Matters Agreement and for purposes of all other provisions of the Tax Matters Agreement relating to Income Taxes, including Section 2.2 (Allocation of Income Taxes), Section 2.6 (Determination of Tax Attributable to Merck Business and Organon Business), Section 2.9 (Carrybacks and Claims for Refund), and Article III (Tax Returns, Tax Contests, and Other Administrative Matters) of the Tax Matters Agreement.
 
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(a) Qualified Retirement Plans. Unless otherwise required by non-U.S. law, where applicable, Merck will report and withhold, as necessary, on distributions with respect to Liabilities it retains with respect to Merck Employees, Former Employees, and Organon Employees under the Merck Pension Plan under Section 3.01 of this Agreement. Merck shall be entitled to claim the benefit of any tax deductions for amounts it contributes to the Merck Pension Plan.
(b) Nonqualified Retirement Plans. Unless otherwise required by non-U.S. law, where applicable, Merck will report and withhold, as necessary, on Merck SERP and Merck DCP distributions with respect to Liabilities it retains under Sections 3.03 and 3.04(b) with respect to Merck Employees, Former Employees, and Organon Employees. Merck shall be entitled to claim the benefit of any tax deductions with respect to the amounts paid under such plans.
(c) Health and Welfare Plans. Unless otherwise required by non-U.S. law, where applicable, Merck shall be entitled to claim the benefit of any tax deductions with respect to amounts contributed to fund obligations to Transferred Employees and Former Employees under Section 5.01(d) under the Merck Retiree Health Care Plan on the applicable income tax return.
(d) Equity Compensation. Unless otherwise required by non-U.S. law, where applicable, Merck shall report and withhold on any Adjusted Merck Options, Adjusted Merck PSU Awards, and Adjusted Merck RSU Awards and Organon shall report and withhold on any Organon Options and Organon RSU Awards. The entity that transfers its stock shall be entitled to claim the benefit of any tax deduction on any applicable income tax returns.
(e) Annual Bonus. Unless otherwise required by non-U.S. law, where applicable, the 2021 annual bonuses paid to Transferred Employees by the Organon Group shall be reported and withheld upon by Organon. Organon shall be entitled to claim the benefit of any tax deduction of such payments on any applicable income tax returns.
ARTICLE IX
MISCELLANEOUS
Section 9.01 Transfer of Records and Information. Merck shall transfer to Organon originals or copies of employment records and information with respect to Transferred Employees that are reasonably required by Organon to enable Organon properly to carry out its obligations under this Agreement. Such transfer of records and information generally shall occur as soon as administratively practicable on or after the Distribution Date (or, if later, the applicable Transfer Date) and shall in each case be required and shall occur only to the extent permitted by applicable local Law; provided that it is understood and agreed that certain records required to effect the contemplated transfer of employment may be provided prior to the Transfer Date to the extent required by applicable local Law. Each Party will permit the other Party reasonable access to Employee records and information, to the extent reasonably necessary for such accessing Party to carry out its obligations hereunder.
 
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Section 9.02 Cooperation. Each Party shall upon reasonable request provide the other Party and the other Party’s respective Affiliates, agents, and vendors all information reasonably necessary to the other Party’s performance of its obligations hereunder. The Parties agree to use their respective best efforts and to cooperate with each other in order to carry out their obligations hereunder and to effectuate the terms of this Agreement.
Section 9.03 Employee Agreements. Effective as of the applicable Transfer Date of each Transferred Employee, or such earlier date as may be required by applicable Law, Merck and the applicable members of the Merck Group hereby assign to Organon or another member of the Organon Group, to the extent a Transferred Employee did not otherwise sign an Employee Agreement to affect his or her transfer to and hiring by the Organon Group, each Employee Agreement entered into between a member of the Merck Group and any Organon Employee, and all rights and obligations thereunder; provided, however, that Merck and the Merck Group shall retain all rights under each Employee Agreement to the extent that such rights are related to any continuing Liability of the Merck Group not assumed by Organon in connection with the Separation and Distribution.
Section 9.04 Recoupment Assets. Effective as of the Distribution Date, the Merck Group shall be entitled to all Employee Recoupment Assets in respect of Merck Retained Employees and all Former Employees. The Organon Group shall be entitled to all Employee Recoupment Assets in respect of Organon Employees, effective as of the applicable Transfer Date.
Section 9.05 Compliance. The agreements and covenants of the Parties hereunder shall at all times be subject to the requirements and limitations of applicable Law (including, for purposes of Article IV, local rules and customs relating to the treatment of pension plans) and collective bargaining, works council, or other similar agreements. Where an agreement or covenant of a Party hereunder cannot be effected in compliance with applicable Law or an applicable collective bargaining, works council, or other similar agreement, the Parties agree to negotiate in good faith to modify such agreement or covenant to the least extent possible in keeping with the original agreement or covenant in order to comply with applicable Law or such applicable collective bargaining agreement. Each provision of this Agreement is subject to and qualified by this Section 9.05, whether or not such provision expressly states that it is subject to or limited by applicable Law or by applicable collective bargaining, works council, or other similar agreements. Each reference to the Code, ERISA, or the Securities Act or any other Law shall be deemed to include the rules, regulations, and guidance issued thereunder.
Section 9.06 Preservation of Rights. Unless expressly provided otherwise in this Agreement, nothing herein shall be construed as a limitation on the right of the Merck Group or the Organon Group to (a) amend, modify or terminate any Benefit Plan or (b) terminate the employment of any Employee.
 
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Section 9.07 Reimbursement. The Parties acknowledge that the Merck Group, on the one hand, and the Organon Group, on the other hand, may incur costs and expenses (including, without limitation, contributions to Benefit Plans and the payment of insurance premiums) which are, as set forth in this Agreement, the responsibility of the other Party. Accordingly, the Parties agree to reimburse each other for Liabilities and obligations for which such Party is responsible, and shall provide such reimbursement reasonably promptly and in accordance with the terms of any agreement between the Parties or their Affiliates expressly addressing such matters.
Section 9.08 Not a Change in Control. The Parties acknowledge and agree that the transactions contemplated by the Separation and Distribution Agreement and this Agreement do not constitute a “change in control” or a “change of control” for purposes of any U.S. Benefit Plan.
Section 9.09 Incorporation by Reference. The following sections of the Separation and Distribution Agreement are hereby incorporated into this Agreement by reference: Section 10.01. Counterparts, Entire Agreement, Corporate Power, Facsimile or Electronic Signatures; Section 10.02. Governing Law; Section 10.03. Assignability; Section 10.04. Third Party Beneficiaries; Section 10.05. Notices; Section 10.06. Severability; Section 10.07. Force Majeure; Section 10.08. No Set Off; Section 10.09. Responsibility for Expenses; Section 10.10. Headings; Section 10.11. Survival of Covenants; Section 10.12. Subsidiaries and Employees; Section 10.13. Waivers; Section 10.14. Amendments; Section 10.15. Interpretation; Section 10.16. Public Announcements; Section 10.17. Specific Performance; and Section 10.18. Mutual Drafting.
Section 9.10 Limitation on Enforcement. This Agreement is an agreement solely between the Parties. Nothing in this Agreement, whether express or implied, shall be construed to: (a) confer upon any current or former Employee of the Merck Group or the Organon Group, or any other person any rights or remedies, including, but not limited to any right to (i) employment or recall; (ii) continued employment or continued service for any specified period; or (iii) claim any particular compensation, benefit or aggregation of benefits, of any kind or nature; or (b) create, modify, or amend any Benefit Plan.
Section 9.11 Further Assurances and Consents. In addition to the actions specifically provided for elsewhere in this Agreement, each of the Parties hereto shall use commercially reasonable efforts to (a) execute and deliver such further instruments and documents and take such other actions as the other party may reasonably request to effectuate the purposes of this Agreement and carry out the terms hereof; (b) take, or cause to be taken, all actions, and do, or cause to be done, all things, reasonably necessary, proper or advisable under applicable Laws and agreements or otherwise to consummate and make effective the transactions contemplated by this Agreement, including, without limitation, using commercially reasonable efforts to obtain any consents and approvals and to make any filings and applications necessary or desirable to consummate the transactions contemplated by this Agreement[; provided that no Party shall be obligated to pay any consideration therefor (except for filing fees and other similar charges) to any third party from whom those consents, approvals and amendments are required or to take any action or omit to take any action if the taking of action or the omission to take action would be unreasonably burdensome to the Party or the business thereof].
 
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Section 9.12 Third Party Consent. If the obligation of any Party under this Agreement depends on the consent of a third party, such as a vendor or insurance company, and that consent is withheld, the Parties shall use commercially reasonable efforts to implement the applicable provisions of this Agreement to the fullest extent practicable. If any provision of this Agreement cannot be implemented due to the failure of a third party to consent, the Parties shall negotiate in good faith to implement the provision in a mutually satisfactory manner, taking into account the original purposes of the provision in light of the Spin-Off and communications to affected individuals.
Section 9.13 Effect if Distribution Does Not Occur. If the Spin-Off does not occur, then all actions and events that are to be taken under this Agreement, or otherwise in connection with the Distribution, shall not be taken or occur, except to the extent specifically provided by Merck.
Section 9.14 Disputes. The Parties agree to use commercially reasonable efforts to resolve in an amicable manner any and all controversies, disputes and claims between them arising out of or related in any way to this Agreement. The Parties agree that any controversy, dispute or claim (whether arising in contract, tort or otherwise) arising out of or related in any way to this Agreement that cannot be amicably resolved informally will be resolved pursuant to the dispute resolution procedures set forth in Article VIII of the Separation and Distribution Agreement.
[SIGNATURE PAGE FOLLOWS]
 
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The Parties have caused this Agreement to be signed by their authorized representatives as of the date of this Agreement.

	
Merck & Co., Inc.	
		
By:	 	 	
		
Title:	 		
	
Organon & Co.	
		
By:	 	 	
		
Title:	 		
[Signature Page to Employee Matters Agreement]

Exhibit 10.3
MERCK TO ORGANON TRANSITION SERVICES AGREEMENT
This Transition Services Agreement (this “Agreement”), dated as of [____], 2021 (the “Effective Date”) is entered into by and between Organon LLC, a Delaware limited liability company (“Organon”), and MSD International GmbH, a limited liability company organized under the laws of Switzerland (“Merck” and together with Organon, each a “Party” and collectively, the “Parties”).
RECITALS
WHEREAS, Merck & Co., Inc. (“Merck Parent”), an Affiliate of Merck, has announced that it will be entering into a separation transaction (the “Separation”, and the separation and distribution agreement pursuant to which the Separation will be effected, the “Separation and Distribution Agreement”, and the date of consummation of the Separation, the “Separation Date”) pursuant to which, among other things, Merck Parent will transfer to Organon & Co., a Delaware corporation, an Affiliate of Organon (“Organon Parent”), the business of developing, manufacturing, commercializing, distributing and selling Organon Products and ancillary and related operations with respect to the Organon Business; and
WHEREAS, in connection with the Separation, Merck and Organon desire to enter into this Agreement pursuant to which Merck will provide certain transitional services to Organon on the terms, and subject to the conditions, set forth herein.
NOW, THEREFORE, for good and valuable consideration, the receipt and sufficiency of which are hereby acknowledged, and intending to be legally bound hereby, the Parties hereby agree as follows:
1. Definitions. For the purpose of this Agreement, the following capitalized terms have the meaning set forth in this Section 1. Capitalized terms used but not defined herein shall have the meaning given to them in the applicable Transaction Document.
1.1 “Additional Services” has the meaning set forth in Section 2.2.1(i).
1.2 “Ad Hoc Services” has the meaning set forth in Section 2.2.2(i).
1.3 “Affiliate” means any Person which, directly or indirectly through one or more intermediaries, controls, is controlled by or is under common control with a Party, for so long as such Person controls, is controlled by or is under common control with a Party, and regardless of whether such Affiliate is or becomes an Affiliate on or after the Effective Date. For purposes of this definition, the term “control” (including, with correlative meanings, the terms “controlled by” and “under common control with”) as used with respect to a Person means (i) direct or indirect ownership of more than fifty percent (50%) of the voting securities or other voting interest of any Person (including attribution from related parties), or (ii) the possession, directly or indirectly, of the power to direct or cause the direction of the management and policies of such Person, whether through ownership of voting securities, by contract, as a general partner, as a

manager, or otherwise. Notwithstanding the foregoing, the Parties agree that from and after the Separation Date, neither Organon Parent nor any Organon Subsidiary shall be deemed to be an Affiliate of Merck Parent or any Merck Subsidiary and neither Merck Parent nor any Merck Subsidiary shall be deemed to be an Affiliate of Organon Parent or any Organon Subsidiary.
1.4 “Agreement” has the meaning set forth in the Preamble.
1.5 “Applicable Law” means applicable laws, rules, regulations, guidelines or other requirements of a Governmental Authority that may be in effect from time to time.
1.6 “Calendar Month” means a period commencing at the beginning of a day of one of the twelve (12) months of the year and ending immediately before the beginning of the corresponding day of the next month, provided, however, that (i) the first Calendar Month of this Agreement shall commence on the Effective Date and end on the last day of the Calendar Month in which the Effective Date occurs and (ii) the last Calendar Month of this Agreement shall commence on the commencement of such Calendar Month and end on the date of expiration or termination of this Agreement.
1.7 “Calendar Quarter” means each period of three (3) consecutive calendar months ending March 31, June 30, September 30, and December 31; provided, however, that (i) the first Calendar Quarter of this Agreement shall commence on the Effective Date and end on the last day of the Calendar Quarter in which the Effective Date occurs and (ii) the last Calendar Quarter of this Agreement shall commence on the commencement of such Calendar Quarter and end on the date of expiration or termination of this Agreement.
1.8 “Calendar Year” means each period during the Term commencing on January 1 and ending on December 31 of such calendar year; provided, however, that (i) the first Calendar Year of this Agreement shall commence on the Effective Date and end on December 31 of the same calendar year and (ii) the last Calendar Year of this Agreement shall commence on January 1 of the calendar year in which this Agreement terminates or expires and end on the date of expiration or termination of this Agreement.
1.9 “Commercially Reasonable Efforts” means with respect to the efforts to be expended by a Party with respect to any objective, the reasonable, diligent, good faith efforts to accomplish such objective as a reasonable global pharmaceutical company would normally use to accomplish a similar objective under similar circumstances, it being understood that, unless otherwise set forth in the Transition Services Schedule or elsewhere in this Agreement, as related to the performance of Services, as applicable, Merck’s level of efforts shall be measured against and be no greater than and shall be in accordance with the efforts expended by Merck to accomplish such particular Service as Merck used during the twelve (12) month period prior to the commencement of such Service.
1.10 “Confidential Information” means all confidential information and data relating to a Party (including information regarding such Party’s and its Affiliates’ business, employees, development plans, programs, documentation, techniques, trade secrets, systems, and know-how) disclosed or provided by or on behalf of such Party to the other Party pursuant to, or in connection with, this Agreement. “Confidential Information” does not include any information
 
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or data: (i) rightfully previously known by a Party hereto, or acquired from a Third Party without a continuing restriction on use (for clarity, excluding any such information or data possessed by Merck (or its Affiliate) prior to the Separation and assigned to Organon as part of the Separation, which shall be considered Confidential Information of Organon for purposes of this clause (i), as applicable); (ii) which is or becomes publicly known without breach of this Agreement; or (iii) which is independently developed without violating any obligations under this Agreement and without reference to the Confidential Information of the other Party. Any combination of features or disclosures shall not be deemed to fall within the foregoing exclusions merely because individual features are published or available to the general public or in the rightful possession of the receiving Party unless the combination itself and principle of operation are published or available to the general public or in the rightful possession of the receiving Party.
1.11 “Covered Personal Data” has the meaning set forth in Section 7.5.1.
1.12 “Cutover Plan” has the meaning set forth in the applicable Interim Operating Agreement or NEB Settlement Agreement for Deferred Markets.
1.13 “Data Protection Law” has the meaning set forth in Section 7.5.1.
1.14 “Data Subject” has the meaning set forth in Section 7.5.1.
1.15 “Deferred Market” has the meaning set forth in the Separation and Distribution Agreement.
1.16 “De Minimis Services” has the meaning set forth in Section 2.2.4.
1.17 “Dependent Service Element” has the meaning set forth in Section 2.8.2(i).
1.18 “Discards” means, with respect to any Organon Product (including any Samples (as defined in the Regulatory Agreement)), any and all discards (including write-offs) of such Organon Product that may arise as a result of, or otherwise in connection with the performance of activities by any Party under this Agreement or the Regulatory Agreement including any discards that arise as a result of expiration or otherwise. For the avoidance of doubt, “Discards” shall not include any discards to the extent expressly provided for pursuant to any supply, manufacturing or similar agreement between the Parties and/or their respective Affiliates.
1.19 “Dollars or $” means the lawful currency of the United States.
1.20 “Effective Date” has the meaning set forth in the Preamble.
1.21 “Exit Date” has the meaning set forth in the applicable Interim Operating Agreement or NEB Settlement Agreement for Deferred Markets.
1.22 “Expense” has the meaning set forth in Section 3.2.1.
1.23 “Expense Activity” means any activity, support or work provided by Merck pursuant to Section 3.2.
 
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1.24 “Force Majeure Event” has the meaning set forth in Section 12.2.
1.25 “Governmental Authority” means any United States (federal, state or local), or any other foreign, government or political subdivision thereof, or any multinational governmental organization or authority, or any authority, agency or commission, in each case, entitled to exercise any administrative, executive, judicial, legislative, police, regulatory or taxing authority or power, any court or tribunal (or any department, bureau or division thereof), or any governmental arbitrator or arbitral body.
1.26 “Grace Period” means, with respect to each Organon Product, the six (6) month period following the Marketing Authorization Transfer Date (as defined in the Regulatory Agreement).
1.27 “Industry Code” means those codes adopted by industry associations which govern Merck’s business as of the Effective Date, including PhRMA, IFPMA, and corresponding national codes of other countries.
1.28 “Information” means information in written, oral, electronic or other tangible or intangible forms, including studies, reports, records, books, subledgers, instruments, surveys, specifications, drawings, blueprints, diagrams, models, prototypes, samples, flow charts, marketing plans, customer names, and other technical, financial, employee or business information or data, including cost information, sales and pricing data, customer prospect lists, supplier records, customer and supplier lists, customer and vendor data, correspondence and lists, product data and literature, artwork, design, and quality records and reports; provided that “Information” does not include Merck Intellectual Property.
1.29 “In-Licensed IP” has the meaning set forth in Section 2.9.3.
1.30 “Interim Services Agreement” means an agreement entered into between an Affiliate of Merck and an Affiliate of Organon with respect to the provision of Services and payment of Expenses in a specific country.
1.31 “International Transfer” has the meaning set forth in Section 7.5.5.
1.32 “IOM Market” means an Interim Operating Model Market as defined in the Separation and Distribution Agreement.
1.33 “IP License Agreement” means any agreement entered into between Merck or an Affiliate of Merck, on the one hand, and Organon or an Affiliate of Organon, on the other hand, with respect to the license of any intellectual property in connection with the Separation.
1.34 “Local Services Agreement” has the meaning set forth in Section 12.9.4.
1.35 “Longstop Date” means the date that is twelve (12) months after the Effective Date, except for Russia for which it shall mean the date that is twelve (12) months after the Russia Exit Date (as defined in the NEB Settlement Agreement for Deferred Markets).
 
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1.36 “Merck” has the meaning set forth in the Preamble.
1.37 “Merck Branded Organon Product” means Organon Product labeled with branding of Merck Parent or an Affiliate of Merck.
1.38 “Merck Indemnitees” has the meaning set forth in Section 9.1.
1.39 “Merck Intellectual Property” means proprietary information, patents, know-how, data and other intellectual property, in any form, owned or otherwise controlled by Merck (or its Affiliate) and that either: (i) was used as of the Effective Date to provide any Service to Organon under this Agreement; or (ii) Merck or its Affiliate has determined to be reasonably necessary for Organon to receive any Service or Expense Activity hereunder.
1.40 “Merck Parent” has the meaning set forth in the Recitals.
1.41 “Merck Subsidiary” means any subsidiary of Merck Parent post-Separation (including Merck).
1.42 “Merck Transition Manager” means the “General Manager” designated by Merck to have general management responsibility for the provision of Services. The initial Transition Manager shall be designated on or prior to the Effective Date.
1.43 “Organon” has the meaning set forth in the Preamble.
1.44 “Organon Branded Product” means Organon Product labeled with branding of Organon Parent or an Affiliate of Organon.
1.45 “Organon Business” has the meaning set forth in the Separation and Distribution Agreement.
1.46 “Organon Improvements” has the meaning set forth in Section 2.9.2.
1.47 “Organon Parent” has the meaning set forth in the Recitals.
1.48 “Organon Products” has the meaning set forth in the Separation and Distribution Agreement.
1.49 “Organon Subsidiary” means any subsidiary of Organon Parent post-Separation (including Organon).
1.50 “Organon Transition Manager” means the “General Manager” designated by Organon to have general management responsibility for the receipt of Services. The initial Transition Manager shall be designated on or prior to the Effective Date.
1.51 “Party” or “Parties” has the meaning set forth in the Preamble.
1.52 “Payment Claims” means any rebates, prompt payment discounts, chargebacks, shortage claims, retrospective pricing adjustments, reimbursements and similar items related to the prior sale of an Organon Product; provided that “Payment Claims” do not include payments in respect of returned products.
 
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1.53 “Person” means any individual, corporation, general or limited partnership, trust, joint venture, unincorporated organization, limited liability entity or other entity or Governmental Authority, including any successor or permitted assignee, by merger or otherwise, of any of the foregoing.
1.54 “Personal Data” has the meaning set forth in Section 7.5.1.
1.55 “Personal Data Breach” has the meaning set forth in Section 7.5.1.
1.56 “Processing” has the meaning set forth in Section 7.5.1.
1.57 “Records” means Merck’s (or its Affiliate’s or Subcontractor’s, as applicable) records related to the provision of Services to be provided under this Agreement; provided, however, that with respect to records of existing Subcontractors as of the Effective Date, the term “Records” shall only include the records of a given existing Subcontractor to the extent that the agreement between Merck (or its Affiliate, as applicable) and such Subcontractor requires such Subcontractor to maintain such records and provide access to such records as set forth in this Agreement (provided, however, that this shall not relieve Merck or its Subcontractor, as applicable, of its obligations to comply with all Applicable Laws).
1.58 “Regulatory Agreement” means the Regulatory Agreement for Organon Products entered into between Merck Parent (or one of its Affiliates) and Organon Parent (or one of its Affiliates).
1.59 “Security Regulations” has the meaning set forth in Section 6.5.1.
1.60 “Separation” has the meaning set forth in the Recitals.
1.61 “Separation and Distribution Agreement” has the meaning set forth in the Recitals.
1.62 “Separation Date” has the meaning set forth in the Recitals.
1.63 “Service Fee” means with respect to each Service set forth in the Transition Services Schedule, the agreed quarterly service fee set forth opposite such Service in the Transition Services Schedule (as it may be amended, restated, modified or supplemented from time to time in accordance with the terms of this Agreement, and if so amended, restated modified or supplemented, as may be calculated and adjusted in accordance with the principles set forth on Schedule 2 ).
1.64 “Service Fees Schedule” has the meaning set forth in Section 3.1.
1.65 “Service Termination Date” has the meaning set forth in Section 4.2.1.
1.66 “Service Termination Notice” has the meaning set forth in Section 4.3.3.
 
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1.67 “Services” has the meaning set forth in Section 2.1.
1.68 “STAIRS Plan” means the plan, as mutually agreed by Organon and Merck (or their respective Affiliates, as applicable), that details the transfer of Marketing Authorizations, the name change of the holder of the Marketing Authorizations, site name changes, legal entity name and address changes, and artwork changes in connection with the Separation (as such plan may be amended, restated, modified or supplemented from time to time in accordance with the Regulatory Agreement).
1.69 “Subcontractor” means any Person (other than a Party or an Affiliate of a Party) engaged by a Party (or its Affiliate) to perform any Service obligation or Expense Activity of such Party hereunder.
1.70 “Systems” has the meaning set forth in Section 6.5.1.
1.71 “Tangible Information” means Information that is contained in written, electronic or other tangible forms.
1.72 “Term” has the meaning set forth in Section 4.1.
1.73 “Third Party” means any Person other than Organon or Merck or any of their respective Affiliates.
1.74 “Third Party Agreement” means any agreement with a Third Party for the provision of goods, a service, lease or license relating to, or necessary for, the provision of the Services or Expense Activities whether entered into before or after the date of this Agreement.
1.75 “Third Party Claim” means any and all suits, claims, actions, proceedings or demands brought by a Third Party against Merck (or the Merck Indemnitees).
1.76 “Third Party Consent” means any permission, consent, agreement or authorization required from a Third Party, whether under a Third Party Agreement or otherwise, for the provision of the Services or Expense Activities by Merck, or the receipt of such Services or Expense Activities by Organon.
1.77 “Third Party Costs” means any payment or reimbursement made to a Subcontractor or other Third Party for services and/or goods provided in connection with the activities contemplated under this Agreement.
1.78 “Third Party Damages” means all losses, costs, claims, damages, judgments, liabilities and expenses payable to a Third Party by Merck (or the Merck Indemnitees) under a Third Party Claim (including reasonable attorneys’ fees and other reasonable out-of-pocket costs of litigation in connection therewith).
1.79 “Third Party Supplier” means any Third Party providing goods, a service, lease or license under a Third Party Agreement, including any Subcontractor.
1.80 “Third Party In-License” has the meaning set forth in Section 2.9.3.
 
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1.81 “Transaction Documents” means the Separation and Distribution Agreement and any other agreements entered into between Merck Parent (or any of its Affiliates) and Organon (or any of its Affiliates) in connection with the Separation.
1.82 “Transition Managers” means the Organon Transition Manager and the Merck Transition Manager.
1.83 “Transition Services Schedule” has the meaning set forth in Section 2.1.
1.84 “TSA Exit” means the transition or migration from the provision of a particular Service by Merck to Organon under this Agreement to performance of such Service by Organon or a Third Party designated by Organon or the end of a Service for which no such transition or migration is required.
1.85 “VAT” has the meaning set forth in Section 3.6.1.
2. Services.
2.1 Provision of Services. Subject to Section 2.2, commencing on the Effective Date, Merck agrees to use Commercially Reasonable Efforts to provide (itself or through one or more of its Affiliates or Subcontractors) to Organon or its applicable Affiliates the services described in Schedule 1 (as such schedule may be amended, restated, modified or supplemented from time to time in accordance with the terms of this Agreement, the “Transition Services Schedule”) for the respective periods and upon the terms and subject to the conditions set forth in this Agreement and the applicable section of the Transition Services Schedule (the “Services”).
2.2 Additional Services.
2.2.1 Additional Services.
(i) Merck shall consider in good faith any reasonable written request by Organon or any of its Affiliates for new services that are not reflected in the Transition Services Schedule at the time of such request (the “Additional Services”). If Organon desires to request an Additional Service to be provided hereunder by Merck, the Organon Transition Manager shall, no later than sixty (60) days prior to the requested commencement date of such Additional Service, provide a written request thereof to the Merck Transition Manager describing such Additional Service and the anticipated commencement date thereof. For example, if an Additional Service is being requested to begin on June 1, 2022, then Organon must request the Additional Service no later than April 2, 2022 (sixty (60) days prior to June 1, 2022). If an Additional Service is requested that needs to commence within less than sixty (60) days from Organon’s request for such Additional Service, including to comply with a request from a Governmental Authority or any Applicable Law, the Parties will use Commercially Reasonable Efforts to assess and make final determination pursuant to this Section 2.2.1 on whether such Additional Service will be provided and the terms and conditions and Service Fee for such Additional Service added, notwithstanding the sixty (60) day and thirty (30) day references in Sections 2.2.1(i) and 2.2.1(ii), respectively.
 
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(ii) Within thirty (30) days following the receipt of such request for Additional Services, the Merck Transition Manager shall provide the Organon Transition Manager with a written response to such request setting forth the applicable Service Fee for such Additional Services (which Service Fee shall be calculated in accordance with the principles set forth on Schedule 2) and an assessment as to whether the requested commencement date can be achieved. Following receipt by the Organon Transition Manager of the Merck Transition Manager’s response to the request for Additional Services, the terms and conditions, including the applicable commencement date and the Service Fee (which shall be calculated in accordance with the principles set forth on Schedule 2) on which such Additional Services, if any, shall be provided by Merck, shall be as mutually agreed upon in writing by the Transition Managers in accordance with Section 5.
(iii) Upon agreement of the Transition Managers in accordance with this Section 2.2.1 and Section 5, the Transition Services Schedule and the Service Fees Schedule shall be amended or updated by the Transition Managers to add any such Additional Services and to reflect the Service Fee applicable to such Additional Services. Any agreed Additional Services so provided by Merck shall constitute Services under this Agreement and be subject in all respects to the provisions of this Agreement as if fully set forth in the Transition Services Schedule as of the date hereof. It is understood that Merck may in its sole and absolute discretion decline to provide any such Additional Service and Organon acknowledges that Merck shall be under no obligation to provide, and may not have the resources, capabilities or capacity to provide, any Additional Service, and may determine not to do so for any reason or no reason.
(iv) If, after the Effective Date Merck discovers that it, or its Affiliates, is performing any service for Organon that is not a Service in the Transition Services Schedule and is not a De Minimis Service as determined by Merck, and is not otherwise agreed to pursuant to Section 3.2, Merck shall inform Organon in writing and Organon may request Merck to add this service as an Additional Service pursuant to this Section 2.2.1. For clarity, if such service is not requested by Organon to be an Additional Service or the terms and conditions and applicable Service Fee are not mutually agreed to, Merck may stop performing such service.
2.2.2 Ad Hoc Services.
(i) The Transition Services Schedule contains a description of certain services that do not have an applicable Service Fee (“Ad Hoc Services”). Such Ad Hoc Services shall be provided by Merck upon the mutual agreement of the Parties pursuant to the provisions of this Section 2.2.2 and in accordance with Section 5. If Organon desires that Merck provide an Ad Hoc Service hereunder, the Organon Transition Manager shall, no later than sixty (60) days prior to the anticipated commencement date of such Ad Hoc Service, provide a written request thereof to the Merck Transition Manager. For example, if an Ad Hoc Service is being requested to begin on June 1, 2022, then Organon must request such Ad Hoc Service no later than April 2, 2022 (sixty (60) days prior to June 1, 2022). If an Ad Hoc Service is requested that needs to commence within less than sixty (60) days from Organon’s request for such Ad Hoc Service, including to comply with a request from a Governmental Authority or any Applicable Law, the Parties will use Commercially Reasonable Efforts to assess and make final determination pursuant to this Section 2.2.2 on whether such Ad Hoc Service will be provided and the terms and conditions and Service Fee for such Ad Hoc Service to be implemented, notwithstanding the sixty (60) day and thirty (30) day references in Sections 2.2.2(i) and 2.2.2(ii), respectively.
 
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(ii) Within thirty (30) days following the receipt of such request for Ad Hoc Services, the Merck Transition Manager shall provide the Organon Transition Manager with a written response to such request setting forth the applicable Service Fee for such Ad Hoc Services (which Service Fee shall be calculated in accordance with the principles set forth on Schedule 2). Following receipt by the Organon Transition Manager of the Merck Transition Manager’s response to the request for Ad Hoc Services, the additional terms and conditions, including the applicable Service Fee (which shall be calculated in accordance with the principles set forth on Schedule 2) on which such Ad Hoc Services, if any, shall be provided, shall be as mutually agreed upon in writing by the Transition Managers in accordance with Section 5; provided that if the Transition Managers do not mutually agree upon such additional terms and conditions, such Ad Hoc Services shall not be provided hereunder; provided further that any such agreed Ad Hoc Services shall only be provided by Merck until no later than the applicable Service Termination Date set forth in the Transition Services Schedule and if a longer period is requested by Organon, such Ad Hoc Services shall be treated as Additional Services in accordance with Section 2.2.1.
(iii) Upon agreement of the Transition Managers in accordance with this Section 2.2.2 and Section 5, the Transition Services Schedule and the Service Fees Schedule shall be updated to reflect the Service Fee and any additional agreed upon terms and conditions applicable to such Ad Hoc Services. Any agreed Ad Hoc Services so provided by Merck shall constitute Services under this Agreement and be subject in all respects to the provisions of this Agreement as if fully set forth in the Transition Services Schedule as of the date hereof. For the avoidance of doubt, there may be more than one request for the same Ad Hoc Service that is listed in the Transition Services Schedule, and each such request will be managed pursuant to this Section 2.2.2 and the same line item in the Transition Services Schedule.
2.2.3 Change in Scope of Service and Increase in Service Fee.
(i) The Parties agree and acknowledge that Merck may make changes from time to time in the manner of performing the applicable Services if Merck is making similar changes in performing similar services for itself, its Affiliates or other Third Parties, if any; provided that if any such changes adversely affect the benefits to Organon of Merck’s provision or quality of such Service in any material respect or increase the Service Fee for such Service, Merck shall provide a written description thereof to Organon and the Transition Managers shall mutually agree (unless such change is required by Applicable Law or a Governmental Authority, in which case such mutual agreement shall not be required) in writing in accordance with Section 5 to amend the Transition Services Schedule and the Service Fees Schedule to reflect such change and any corresponding increase, if applicable, in the applicable Service Fee (which increase in the Service Fee shall be calculated in accordance with the principles set forth on Schedule 2).
 
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(ii) Organon may request changes to the scope of Services being provided by Merck pursuant to the Transition Services Schedule. For example, an increase in the volume of activity related to a specific Service due to an acquisition of a company by Organon, would be a change in the scope of such Service. If Organon desires to request a change in the nature or manner of performing a particular Service or the level at which such Service is to be provided hereunder by Merck, the Organon Transition Manager shall, no later than sixty (60) days prior to the anticipated commencement date of such change in the scope of such Service, provide a written request thereof to the Merck Transition Manager describing such change. For example, if a change in scope of a Service is being requested to begin on June 1, 2022, then Organon must request the change in scope of such Service no later than April 2, 2022 (sixty (60) days prior to June 1, 2022). If a change in scope of a Service is requested that needs to commence within less than sixty (60) days from Organon’s request for such change in scope of a Service, including to comply with a request from a Governmental Authority or any Applicable Law, the Parties will use Commercially Reasonable Efforts to assess and make final determination pursuant to this Section 2.2.3 on whether such change in scope of a Service will be provided and the terms and conditions and revised Service Fee, for any increase in scope, for such Service, notwithstanding the sixty (60) day and thirty (30) day references in Sections 2.2.3(ii) and 2.2.3(iii), respectively.    
(iii) Within thirty (30) days following the receipt of such request from the Organon Transition Manager, the Merck Transition Manager shall provide the Organon Transition Manager with a written response to such request setting forth any applicable increase in the Service Fee (which increase in the Service Fee shall be calculated in accordance with the principles set forth on Schedule 2). Following receipt by the Organon Transition Manager of the Merck Transition Manager’s response to the request for a change in the scope of a particular Service, the new terms and conditions, including any applicable increase in the Service Fee (which increase in the Service Fee shall be calculated in accordance with the principles set forth on Schedule 2) on which such Service shall be provided shall be as mutually agreed upon in writing by the Transition Managers in accordance with Section 5; provided that if the Transition Managers do not mutually agree upon such new terms and conditions, the scope of such Service and the Service Fee shall not be amended hereunder.
(iv) Upon agreement of the Transition Managers in accordance with this Section 2.2.3 and Section 5, the Transition Services Schedule and the Service Fees Schedule shall be amended or updated by the Transition Managers to reflect any changes to the scope of any such Services and any increase in the Service Fee applicable to such Services (which increase in the Service Fee shall be calculated in accordance with the principles set forth on Schedule 2). Any reduction to the scope of a Service shall not reduce or otherwise change the applicable Service Fee and the Service Fee in effect prior to any such reduction shall remain in effect through the applicable Service Termination Date (unless otherwise subsequently modified in accordance with this Agreement) and Organon shall continue to be liable for paying the Service Fee related to any such reduced Service until the applicable Service Termination Date (unless otherwise subsequently modified in accordance with this Agreement).
2.2.4 De Minimis Services. Without limiting any other provisions of this Section 2.2, Merck may, in its sole discretion, perform certain additional de minimis services that are incidental to the Services conducted hereunder and that are not material in nature (and Merck shall consider any reasonable request by Organon or any of its Affiliates for such de minimis services) (the “De Minimis Services”); provided, however, that whether Merck will provide such De Minimis Services shall be in Merck’s sole discretion. The De Minimis Services, if any, shall constitute Services under this Agreement and shall be subject in all respects to the provisions of this Agreement; provided, however, that (i) the De Minimis Services will not be reflected in the Transition Services Schedule and (ii) the De Minimis Services shall be provided at Merck’s sole cost and expense (i.e. there shall be no Service Fee with respect to any De Minimis Services). For the avoidance of doubt, any support provided by Merck to Organon pursuant to Section 3.2 shall not be considered De Minimis Services.
 
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2.3 Information.
2.3.1 All Tangible Information supplied to Organon by Merck pursuant to this Agreement shall be provided in Merck’s standard format as in existence on the Effective Date. All Information will be supplied in its existing language without any translation required by Merck. Merck reserves the right to redact such Information where required. Merck reserves the right to change the format of the Information supplied to Organon to accommodate any upgrades or improvements in Merck’s existing systems, software or hardware or for other reasonable business reasons. Organon can request that Information be supplied in a format that is different from Merck’s standard format in existence on the Effective Date or the format as subsequently changed by Merck pursuant to the preceding sentence by providing a written request thereof to Merck, which written request shall contain Organon’s rationale for the requested change in format to a non-standard format. If Merck, in its sole discretion and upon the request of Organon, accommodates such request to provide Information in a non-standard format requested by Organon, the Expenses of any such provision of Information, calculated in accordance with the principles set forth on Schedule 2, shall be the responsibility of Organon and Merck shall be reimbursed for any such Expenses incurred in connection with accommodating Organon’s request. Merck shall not be required to make any upgrade or improvements to its existing systems, software or hardware on behalf of Organon in order to provide any Services, Expense Activities or Information in any different format.
2.3.2 In connection with a TSA Exit, in accordance with the TSA Exit plan, Merck will use Commercially Reasonable Efforts and will cause its Affiliates to use Commercially Reasonable Efforts to support any transfer of Records concerning the Organon Products and related to such Service to Organon in accordance with the applicable TSA Exit plan. If requested by Organon in connection with the prior sentence during the Term, Merck will deliver and will cause its Affiliates to deliver to Organon, within such time periods as the Parties may reasonably agree, all Records received or computed for the benefit of Organon related to such Service prior to the applicable Service Termination Date, the scope of such Records as mutually agreed, in electronic and/or hard copy form; provided, however, that (i) Merck will not have any obligation to provide or cause to provide Records in any format other than the current format Merck maintains, and (ii) the Expenses of any such provisions of Records, calculated in accordance with the principles set forth on Schedule 2, shall be the responsibility of Organon and Merck shall be reimbursed for such Expenses incurred in connection with accommodating Organon’s request.
2.3.3 Upon the request of Organon, Merck shall provide any Tangible Information specifically related to the Organon Products or the Organon Business that is not being provided under a Service with an associated Service Fee in the Transition Services Schedule; provided that the scope, timing, and cost for providing such Tangible Information shall be mutually agreed upon and the costs for providing such Tangible Information charged to Organon as Expenses, which shall be calculated in accordance with the principles set forth on Schedule 2 including any applicable mark up. Notwithstanding the rest of this Section 2.3.3, requests for provision of Tangible Information specifically related to the Organon Products or the Organon Business that is contained within structured data in Merck Systems will be managed pursuant to Section 3.2.8.
 
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2.3.4 Any Expenses incurred by Merck pursuant to this Section 2.3 for which Organon is responsible shall be invoiced by Merck to Organon in accordance with Section 3.3. For avoidance of doubt, such Expenses may include the reasonable costs of gathering, redacting where required, copying, transporting and otherwise complying with the request with respect to such Information.
2.3.5 Any requests for Records concerning the Services, or Tangible Information specifically related to the Organon Products or the Organon Business after the Term shall be handled pursuant to, and in accordance with, the applicable provisions of the Separation and Distribution Agreement.
2.4 Limitation on Service Obligations. Without limiting its obligations pursuant to Section 6.1, Merck shall be entitled to determine the manner in which it performs the Services and Expense Activities. Without limiting the generality of the foregoing, Merck will in no case be obligated to (i) hire any additional employees or increase the scope of responsibilities of its existing employees, (ii) maintain the employment of any specific employee, (iii) purchase, lease or license any additional equipment or software, or (iv) expand its facilities, incur capital expenses or develop new business processes. In addition, Merck shall have no obligation to (i) upgrade, enhance or otherwise modify any computer hardware, software or network environment currently used by Organon or otherwise, or to provide any support or maintenance services for any computer hardware, software or network environment that has been upgraded, enhanced or otherwise modified by or on behalf of Organon, or (ii) provide to Organon any legal or tax advice or any assistance in negotiating any contracts or agreements that Organon will enter into.
2.5 Provision of Services. Organon acknowledges that Merck may be performing or providing services similar to the Services or Expense Activities (and/or services that involve the same resources as those used to provide the Services or Expense Activities) to its internal organizations, Affiliates and Third Parties. Merck reserves the right to modify the Services and Expense Activities to the extent the same changes are made to such similar services that it uses or provides to its internal organizations, Affiliates and Third Parties in the ordinary course of business. In no event shall Merck be required to make any customization to the Services or Expense Activity (or Merck’s Systems or processes) that is unique to Organon. Organon acknowledges that Merck is not in the business of providing services to Third Parties and that Merck is entering into this Agreement only in connection with the Separation and Distribution Agreement.
2.6 Necessary Suspension. Merck will use Commercially Reasonable Efforts to provide the applicable Services and Expense Activities during the applicable periods during the Term. In the event, however, that Merck, in the normal course of the operations in accordance with the historical practice of the past twelve (12) months prior to commencement of a Service or Expense Activity, determines to suspend delivery of a Service or Expense Activity hereunder for purposes of computer system backups, inspections, maintenance, software patches, repair, replacement of equipment parts or structures, security, or other similar activities, Merck shall not
 
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be obligated to deliver such Services or Expense Activities during such periods; provided that (i) Merck shall use Commercially Reasonable Efforts to inform Organon in writing prior to any scheduled interruption; and (ii) Merck will use Commercially Reasonable Efforts to limit the disruption of Organon’s business caused by such suspension. Without limiting the generality of the foregoing, Merck may, from time to time and in its sole discretion, also perform additional information technology upgrades that may result in Service or Expense Activity outages or undertake other activities that may result in Service or Expense Activity outages (in each case, even if not in the normal course of the operations in accordance with the historical practice of the past twelve (12) months prior to commencement of a Service) and Merck may make such upgrades regardless of whether any such upgrade results in such an outage; provided that such information technology upgrades or other activities, as applicable, do not negatively affect Merck’s provision of the Services or Expense Activities in any material respect.
2.7 Subcontractors. Merck may subcontract or otherwise delegate the performance of all or any of its obligations under this Agreement (including, for the avoidance of doubt, any of the Schedules attached hereto) to any of Merck’s Affiliates or any Subcontractor solely to the extent such subcontract or delegation does not conflict with Applicable Law. If, in accordance with the foregoing, Merck exercises its rights or performs its obligations under this Agreement through an Affiliate or Subcontractor, then Merck shall remain solely responsible for the acts, omissions and performance of such Affiliate or Subcontractor as if such acts, omissions and performance had been provided by Merck itself under this Agreement. In addition, in each case where a Merck Affiliate has an obligation pursuant to this Agreement or performs an obligation pursuant to this Agreement: (i) Merck shall cause and compel such Affiliate to perform such obligation and comply with the terms of this Agreement; and (ii) any breach of the terms or conditions of this Agreement by such Affiliate shall be deemed a breach by Merck of such terms or conditions. Organon shall be responsible for any additional costs or expenses arising under this Section 2.7 in connection with the addition or use of any such Subcontractor to perform Services or Expense Activities hereunder or the change of any Subcontractor previously performing Services or Expense Activities hereunder and Merck shall have the right to pass-through such additional fees to Organon (and, for the avoidance of doubt, any applicable Service Fee(s) set forth on the Transition Services Schedule and incorporated in the Service Fees Schedule shall be revised to include such fees, and the amount of any applicable Expenses to be reimbursed pursuant to Section 3.2 shall be adjusted); provided, however, (x) to the extent that a Subcontractor is changed solely due to Merck’s preference (and, for clarity, not due to the previous Subcontractor’s inability to adequately provide a Service or Expense Activity) or (y) a new Subcontractor is utilized by Merck to provide a Service or Expense Activity that was previously provided to Organon using Merck’s internal resources, then, in each case, any additional fees shall not be Expenses for which Organon shall be responsible and Merck shall bear any such additional fees (and, for the avoidance of doubt, there shall be no change in the applicable Service Fee(s) set forth on the Transition Services Schedule).
2.8 Third Party Suppliers.
2.8.1 Third Party Consents.
(i) Merck shall use its Commercially Reasonable Efforts to obtain and maintain for the Term any Third Party Consents that are necessary for Merck’s provision to, and Organon’s receipt of, the Services and Expense Activities, except that Merck shall have no obligation to obtain any Third Party Consents in respect of any Covered Personal Data.
 
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(ii) Organon shall provide Merck with such assistance as Merck may reasonably request to obtain Third Party Consents, including assistance with negotiating the terms of Third Party Consents with Third Party Suppliers.
(iii) Any Expenses imposed by a Third Party for the provision of any Third Party Consent that is required in respect of the Services or Expense Activities shall be borne by Organon and Merck shall have the right to pass-through such additional Expenses to Organon or, if applicable, adjust the applicable Service Fee(s) set forth on the Transition Services Schedule and incorporated in the Service Fees Schedule; provided that Merck shall use its Commercially Reasonable Efforts to seek to minimize the Expenses imposed by a Third Party for the provision of such Third Party Consents that are required in respect of the Services or Expense Activity.
2.8.2 Dependence on Third Parties.
(i) Where a Third Party Consent or Third Party Agreement is required in order for Merck to provide, or procure the provision of, any element of a Service or Expense Activity (a “Dependent Service Element”) but:
(a) such Third Party Consent either:
(1) has not been obtained; or
(2) has expired or been terminated or been revoked by the Third Party Supplier; or
(b) the obtaining of that Third Party Consent requires the payment of an Expense to the relevant Third Party Supplier that:
(1) is not expressly itemized in the Service Fee set forth on the Transition Services Schedule or the Service Fees Schedule; and
(2) Organon does not pay (without limiting Organon’s obligations under Section 2.8.1(iii)); or
(c) such Third Party Agreement either has been terminated or not extended or not renegotiated following expiration on substantially similar terms (including pricing terms and any terms related to performance thereunder),
then Merck shall not be obliged to provide, or procure the provision of, the Dependent Service Element.
 
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(ii) Notwithstanding anything to the contrary set forth herein, the ability of Merck to provide each Service or Expense Activity hereunder shall be subject to the performance of any applicable Third Party Supplier and the terms, conditions and other provisions of any applicable Third Party Agreement. Merck shall use Commercially Reasonable Efforts to enforce its rights under any applicable Third Party Agreement. Merck shall notify Organon in writing, as soon as reasonably practicable, upon it becoming aware of any threatened or actual failure to obtain revocation, termination or expiry of the relevant Third Party Consent or Third Party Agreement if it will adversely impact the ability of Merck to provide the applicable Service to Organon or Expense Activity. Upon receiving such notification, Organon and Merck shall cooperate in good faith to obtain or renew any such Third Party Consent or Third Party Agreement. Any increased cost associated with such new Third Party Consent or renewal, that is applicable or allocable to a Service or Expense Activity, shall be borne by Organon and Merck shall have the right to pass-through any such increased Expenses to Organon.
(iii) Upon Organon’s request, Merck shall use its Commercially Reasonable Efforts to implement alternative arrangements providing substantially similar services in place of the Dependent Service Element. The cost of putting alternative arrangements in place under this Section 2.8.2(ii) shall be borne by Organon and Merck shall have the right to pass-through such additional Expenses to Organon. The Parties shall use Commercially Reasonable Efforts to seek to minimize the cost of putting alternative arrangements in place under this Section 2.8.2(ii). Notwithstanding the foregoing, Merck shall not be required to put alternative arrangements in place under this Section 2.8.2(ii) if Organon itself is able to perform the service or services comprising the Dependent Service Element or if Organon can procure the Dependent Service Element from a Third Party at a reasonable cost.
2.9 Intellectual Property.
2.9.1 Merck Intellectual Property. As between the Parties, Merck (or its Affiliate) shall own all right, title and interest in and to the Merck Intellectual Property (including any and all information contained therein), and Organon is not acquiring any ownership interest in any Merck Intellectual Property (including any and all information contained therein) under this Agreement.
2.9.2 IP Generated from the Provision of Services. Unless otherwise agreed in writing by the Parties or as otherwise set forth in any Transaction Document, all discoveries, improvements or inventions by Merck or any of its Affiliates, whether or not patentable, solely relating to an Organon Product and that directly result and arise from Merck’s or its Affiliates’ performance of the Services hereunder (“Organon Improvements”), shall be the sole and exclusive property of Organon and shall be deemed to be Confidential Information of Organon for purposes of this Agreement. Within thirty (30) days of becoming aware of any such Organon Improvement, Merck shall notify Organon, in writing, of the event and, upon Organon’s written request and at Organon’s sole expense, shall reasonably assist Organon in protecting Organon’s proprietary rights to such Organon Improvement. Merck and its Affiliates shall assign, and hereby does assign, its entire right, title and interest in and to the Organon Improvements to Organon.
 
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2.9.3 In-Licensed IP; Third-Party In-Licensed IP. To the extent any software or intellectual property is provided as part of, or used to perform, any Service or Expense Activity and is licensed to Merck or any of its Affiliates by a Third Party (“In-Licensed IP”) pursuant to a contract to which such Third Party and Merck (or its Affiliate) are parties (a “Third Party In-License”), then: (i) to the extent the terms of such Third Party In-License are provided to or communicated to Organon or its Affiliates, Organon shall, and shall ensure its Affiliates, comply with the applicable obligations and other terms and restrictions of such Third Party In-License, (ii) Organon and its Affiliates shall only use the In-Licensed IP to the extent necessary in accordance with this Agreement, and (iii) Merck makes no representations or warranties of any kind with respect to the In-Licensed IP and shall have no liability with respect to such In-Licensed IP other than to use Commercially Reasonable Efforts to pass through to Organon and its Affiliates any rights and benefits under the Third Party In-License. Except as otherwise set out in this Agreement, Merck does not (and does not purport to) assign or grant any rights or licenses in the In-Licensed IP to Organon or its Affiliates and any proprietary rights vesting in the same shall continue to be held by the applicable Third Party or its licensors. If Organon or any of its Affiliates materially breaches the terms of a Third Party In-License, then Merck may, upon written notice to Organon and without liability to Merck or any of its Affiliates, suspend or terminate Organon’s or its Affiliates’ access to the applicable In-Licensed IP that is the subject of such Third Party In-License.
2.9.4 Licenses. Each Party shall grant to the other Party such rights and licenses to such intellectual property, documentation and Information as shall be necessary for the other Party to perform its respective obligations and to exercise its respective rights under this Agreement.
2.9.5 IP License Agreements. This Section 2.9 and the terms hereof shall be subject to the terms and conditions of any IP License Agreement and in the event of a conflict between this Section 2.9 and any IP License Agreement, such IP License Agreement shall control.
2.10 Services Recipient. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary herein, unless otherwise mutually agreed in writing, (i) only Organon and its Affiliates shall be entitled to have access to the Services and Expense Activities under this Agreement, (ii) Organon shall not, directly or indirectly, resell or permit the use of any of the Services or Expense Activities to or by any other person or entity, and (iii) in no event shall Organon, its Affiliates or their respective employees, third-party technology consultants or other personnel be entitled to modify any Merck System or the Services or Expense Activities.
3. Payment.
3.1 Service Fees. In consideration for the provision of Services specified in the Transition Services Schedule by Merck, Organon will pay the applicable Service Fees to Merck pursuant to Schedule 3 (as amended or modified from time to time, including to add Service Fees for Calendar Quarters not included in the initial version of Schedule 3, the “Service Fees Schedule”). The Service Fees may be adjusted pursuant to the provisions of this Agreement.
3.1.1 Service Fees for Certain Quality-Related Services. For certain product quality-related Services that could have a duration of up to five (5) years, and are indicated as such in the Transition Services Schedule, the related Service Fees indicated in the Transition Services Schedule will be adjusted as follows beginning January 1, 2024.
 
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 	•	 	For Calendar Year 2024, the monthly Service Fee, effective starting January 1, 2024, will be reduced twenty-five percent (25%) from the monthly Service Fee in effect for December 2023.	
 
 	•	 	For Calendar Year 2025, the monthly Service Fee, effective starting January 1, 2025, will be reduced by thirty-three percent (33%) from the monthly Service Fee in effect for December 2024.	
 
 	•	 	For the first half of Calendar Year 2026, the monthly Service Fee, effective starting January 1, 2026, will be reduced by fifty percent (50%) from the monthly Service Fee in effect for December 2025.	
If either Party believes that any of the above adjustments results in an aggregate of Service Fees for the total of all such Services pursuant to this Section 3.1.1 that is not representative of the costs associated with the total volume of activity associated with such Services in aggregate for a given Calendar Year, such Party may, prior to November 1st of the preceding Calendar Year, request discussion and review by the Transition Managers to determine if a different adjustment should be applied. Such determination shall be mutually agreed upon in writing by the Transition Managers in accordance with Section 5; provided that if the Transition Managers do not mutually agree, the Service Fees for such Services shall be adjusted in accordance with the adjustments noted in this Section 3.1.1.
3.1.2 Reconciliation of Certain Service Fees. With respect to certain Services that are specifically designated as being subject to this Section 3.1.2 in the Transition Service Schedule as of the Effective Date, the actual expense of providing such Services will be reconciled at the end of each Calendar Year versus the Service Fees charged and any difference invoiced (or credited) to Organon in accordance with Section 3.3.
3.2 Expenses.
3.2.1 Additional Expenses. Subject to this Section 3, to the extent that Merck or its Affiliates incurs any internal or Third Party costs, fees, charges or expenses (each, an “Expense”) specifically related to the Organon Products or Organon Business that are not related to a Service (including pursuant to Sections 2.3, 2.7, 2.8, 3.1.2, 3.2.1, 3.2.2, 3.2.3, 3.2.4, 3.2.5, 3.2.6, 3.2.7, 3.2.8, 3.2.9, 3.6 and 3.8) or otherwise reimbursed pursuant to any other Transaction Document, Merck shall: (i) invoice such Expenses quarterly, including any applicable markup in accordance with Schedule 2, in the next relevant invoice issued to Organon; and (ii) upon the reasonable request of Organon, provide reasonable substantiation of all such Expenses to Organon. Invoicing and payment of such Expenses shall be in accordance with Section 3.3. Each such invoice shall set forth a reasonable description of such Expenses in the general format of Schedule 4 hereto and the amount of such Expenses payable for such Calendar Quarter.
3.2.2 Third Party Fees. Organon shall be financially responsible for any Expenses, including filing fees, payable to any Governmental Authority or other Third Parties related to the Organon Products. If Merck or any of its Affiliates makes any payment of any such Expenses to a Governmental Authority or other Third Party on behalf of Organon, Organon shall reimburse Merck the amount of such Expenses paid.
 
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3.2.3 STAIRS Plan Expenses Pursuant to Regulatory Agreement. Organon shall be financially responsible for any Expenses related to the STAIRS Plan for Organon Products. In addition to the payment of any applicable Service Fee hereunder, any Expenses incurred with respect to the planning and execution, including the costs associated with artwork and any resulting Discards related to Organon Products, of the STAIRS Plan pursuant to the Regulatory Agreement shall be borne by Organon and Merck shall have the right to charge such Expenses to Organon (such Expenses as calculated in accordance with the principles set forth on Schedule 2).
3.2.4 Recalls Expenses Pursuant to Regulatory Agreement. In addition to the payment of any applicable Service Fee hereunder, any Expenses incurred with respect to recalls or market withdrawal of Organon Products pursuant to the Regulatory Agreement shall be borne by Organon and Merck shall have the right to charge such Expenses to Organon (such Expenses as calculated in accordance with the principles set forth on Schedule 2).
3.2.5 Product Returns and Discards. Unless otherwise agreed in writing by the Parties or as otherwise set forth in any Transaction Document and subject to Applicable Law:
(i) From the Effective Date and all times thereafter, Merck shall be responsible for handling, processing, providing refunds or replacements for, destroying, and otherwise administering all returns of Merck Branded Organon Product sold by Merck. In each case, such returns shall be handled in accordance with Merck’s then-current returned goods policy. Returns of Organon Product where the original selling entity is unknown shall not be accepted and credit will not be provided by Merck. In no event shall Merck process returns for Organon Branded Product. In no event shall Merck process returns for Merck Branded Organon Product sold by Organon.
(ii) From the Effective Date and at all times thereafter, Organon, to the extent legally authorized to do so, shall be responsible for handling, processing, providing refunds or replacements for, destroying and otherwise administering all returns of Organon Branded Product, Merck Branded Organon Product sold by Organon, and all cases where the original selling entity is unknown. In each case, such returns shall be handled in accordance with Organon’s then-current returned goods policy. Organon shall not be responsible for processing of returns of Merck Branded Organon Products that were sold by Merck.
(iii) From the Effective Date until the Longstop Date, Organon shall be financially responsible for all costs (including the costs of credits and replacements provided in connection with such returns) associated with Merck Branded Organon Product returns sold by Merck. From the Effective Date and all times thereafter, Organon shall be financially responsible for all costs (including the costs of credits and replacements provided in connection with such returns) associated with returns of Organon Branded Product and Merck Branded Organon Product sold by Organon and for any Organon Product where the original selling entity is unknown.
(iv) From the Effective Date until the Longstop Date each Party: (a) shall promptly notify the other Party of receipt of any Organon Product incorrectly returned to that Party (with reference to the terms of this Agreement or pursuant to Applicable Law) and shall keep adequate records regarding such returned Organon Products; and (b) shall send back to the relevant customer any Organon Product that is returned to the incorrect entity, and direct such customer to return the Organon Product to the correct Party.
 
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(v) If a Third Party contacts Organon regarding the return of any Merck Branded Organon Product that was sold by Merck, Organon shall refer such Third Party to Merck. If a Third Party contacts Merck regarding the return of any Merck Branded Organon Product that was sold by Organon, Merck shall refer such Third Party to Organon. If a Third Party contacts Merck regarding return of any Organon Branded Product, Merck shall refer such Third Party to Organon.
(vi) From the Effective Date until the Longstop Date, neither Organon nor Merck shall instruct, recommend or attempt to induce customers who have previously purchased Organon Product to return such Organon Product when that would not otherwise have been the case but for such Party’s instructions, recommendations or inducement, except in the event of recall, as required by Applicable Law.
(vii) For clarity, Third Parties that have purchased Merck Branded Organon Product on or prior to the Effective Date may continue to sell such Organon Product to customers in the ordinary course of business. Following the expiration of any Grace Period, Organon shall discard and destroy any remaining Merck Branded Organon Product and provide certificates of destruction, which shall, upon Merck’s request, be made available for inspection.
(viii) From the Effective Date and at all times thereafter, Organon shall be financially responsible for all costs and expenses associated with Discards of returned Organon Product sold by Organon, whether Merck Branded Organon Product or Organon Branded Product (including the supply price for the underlying Organon Products). From the Effective Date until the Longstop Date, Organon shall be financially responsible for all costs and expenses associated with Discards of returned Merck Branded Organon Product sold by Merck. For the avoidance of doubt, Organon shall at all times be financially responsible for all costs and expenses associated with Discards (including the supply price for the underlying Organon Products) of Organon Branded Product.
(ix) For the avoidance of doubt, the costs and expenses included in this Section 3.2.5 that are incurred by one Party but the responsibility of the other Party, shall be Expenses and reimbursed in accordance with Section 3.3.
3.2.6 Payment Claims. Unless otherwise agreed in writing by the Parties or as otherwise set forth in any Transaction Document and subject to Applicable Law:
(i) With respect to processing transactional data and government pricing data related to the sale of Organon Products, Merck and Organon agree to work in good faith to ensure compliance with commercial contracts, government programs and the related price reporting requirements in an accurate and timely manner.
(ii) From the Effective Date and at all times thereafter, Organon shall be operationally responsible for processing and financially responsible for paying all Payment Claims that are associated with all Organon Branded Product and Merck Branded Organon Product sold by Organon, and with all Merck Branded Organon Product for which it is not possible to identify whether the original selling entity was Merck or Organon.
 
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(iii) For the avoidance of doubt, from the Effective Date and at all times thereafter, Merck shall be operationally responsible for processing and financially responsible for paying all Payment Claims that are associated with Merck Branded Organon Product sold by Merck.
(iv) For the avoidance of doubt, the costs and expenses included in this Section 3.2.6 that are incurred by one Party but the responsibility of the other Party, shall be Expenses and reimbursed in accordance with Section 3.3.
3.2.7 Reimbursement of Expenses Related to IOM Market and Deferred Market Cutover Plans. For any support, with the exception of that for a COMET ERP Transition (as defined in Schedule 5), by Merck for Cutover Plans associated with IOM Markets and Deferred Markets (which support shall be consistent with the applicable agreed Cutover Plan (or completed after the Effective Date in preparation for such Cutover Plan), including an estimate of the Third Party related Expenses, for any such IOM Market or Deferred Market), Organon shall reimburse Merck for all related Third Party related Expenses, calculated in accordance with the principles set forth on Schedule 2. Invoicing and payments for such Third Party related Expenses to be reimbursed pursuant to this Section 3.2.7 for each such IOM Market Cutover Plan and Deferred Market Cutover Plan shall be included in the invoices and payments to be made in accordance with Section 3.3. Expenses associated with the COMET ERP Transition for each IOM Market and Deferred Market will be fixed in advance for each such country as indicated in Schedule 5, and Organon’s reimbursement obligation related to the COMET ERP Transition of each such IOM Market and Deferred Market shall be limited to such quarterly amounts and durations (which may be extended by Merck if the Exit Date is delayed for such IOM Market or Deferred Market; provided that during such extension the quarterly amounts will be adjusted to include only Third Party related Expenses that are Third Party related Expenses applicable to the extension that were not included in the fixed quarterly amounts charged prior to such extension) indicated on Schedule 5 for each such country, and invoicing and payments of such Expense in accordance with Section 3.3 will initiate following the Effective Date, as applicable for a specific IOM Market or Deferred Market.
3.2.8 Reimbursement of Expenses Related to IT Projects. For any IT project support by Merck that is requested by Organon that is not included in any Service listed in the Transition Services Schedule, not related to a Cutover Plan for an IOM Market or a Deferred Market, and not related to a TSA Exit pursuant to Section 3.2.9, if Merck agrees to provide the requested support (which agreement shall not be required in the case of a request for Tangible Information specifically related to the Organon Products or the Organon Business that is contained within structured data in Merck Systems) then Merck shall provide an estimate of the Expenses for such support and the scope of work to be completed by Merck and the estimated duration for the completion of the support. If Organon agrees to proceed with such IT project, Merck shall complete the project work and be reimbursed for all related Expenses, calculated in accordance with the principles set forth on Schedule 2. If, at any time, Merck determines that the actual Expenses for any such support provided under this Section 3.2.8 will exceed the estimated Expenses by greater than ten percent (10%), Merck shall inform Organon who may decide for Merck to continue such support or cease such support. If Organon decides to cease such support, Merck shall invoice, and Organon shall pay, for any Expenses incurred prior to the cessation of support and any related non-cancelable Expenses.
 
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3.2.9 Reimbursement of Expenses Related to TSA Exits. For any support by Merck for TSA Exits (which support shall be consistent with the applicable agreed TSA Exit plan (or completed after the Effective Date in preparation for such TSA Exit plan), including an estimate of the Expenses, for such TSA Exit support), Organon shall reimburse Merck for all related Expenses, calculated in accordance with the principles set forth on Schedule 2. Invoicing and payments for such Expenses to be reimbursed pursuant to this Section 3.2.9 for each such TSA Exit shall be included in the invoices and payments to be made in accordance with Section 3.3. If, at any time, Merck determines that the actual Expenses for any such support provided under this Section 3.2.9 will exceed the estimated Expenses by greater than ten percent (10%), Merck shall inform Organon who may decide for Merck to continue such support or cease such support. If Organon decides to cease such support, Merck shall invoice, and Organon shall pay, for any Expenses incurred prior to the cessation of support and any related non-cancelable Expenses.
3.3 Payment Timing.
3.3.1 Within thirty (30) days following the end of the Calendar Month that includes the Effective Date, and within thirty (30) days following each Calendar Month thereafter, Merck (or Merck’s Affiliate, as applicable) will deliver to Organon (or Organon’s Affiliate, as applicable) an invoice pursuant to the Service Fees Schedule for the global Services on the Transition Services Schedule and invoices for local Services on the Transition Services Schedule with such invoices for global and local Services being in accordance with the Service Fees Schedule during such Calendar Month. Each such invoice shall set forth a description of such Services in the general format of Schedule 4 hereto and the Service Fees payable in accordance with the Service Fees Schedule. For the avoidance of doubt, such invoices shall not be limited to Service Fees related to the Calendar Month covered by such monthly invoice but may include Service Fees from Calendar Months prior to such Calendar Month.
3.3.2 Within thirty (30) days following the end of the Calendar Quarter that includes the Effective Date, and within thirty (30) days following each Calendar Quarter thereafter, Merck (or Merck’s Affiliate, as applicable) will deliver to Organon (or Organon’s Affiliate, as applicable) an invoice for global Expenses that are to be charged through to Organon in accordance with the terms of this Agreement and invoices for local Expenses that are to be charged through to Organon in accordance with the terms of this Agreement incurred during such Calendar Quarter. Each such invoice shall set forth a break-down of the applicable Expenses to be charged to Organon. For the avoidance of doubt, such invoices shall not be limited to Expenses related to the Calendar Months in the Calendar Quarter covered by such quarterly invoice but may include Expenses from Calendar Months prior to such Calendar Quarter.
3.3.3 Organon will pay to Merck, by wire transfer to an account specified in the invoice, such Service Fees and Expense amounts within thirty (30) days after Organon receives such invoice pursuant to Section 3.3.1 or Section 3.3.2, as applicable. All invoices issued by Merck under this Agreement and all payments to be made by Organon under this Agreement, with respect to Services, shall be made in accordance with the Service Fees Schedule.
 
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3.4 Currency Conversion. The rate of exchange to be used in computing the currency equivalent in Dollars of any payment (including, for the avoidance of doubt, any adjustment to a Service Fee, the determination of a Service Fee for a new Service, or any Expense) due hereunder shall be made at the monthly rate of exchange utilized by Merck and its Affiliates in their worldwide accounting system.
3.5 Disputed Amounts. Any good faith dispute over an amount due pursuant to this Article 3 will be subject to the provisions of Section 12.3. Except as the Parties may expressly agree in writing, amounts due under this Agreement may not be offset by amounts due under any other agreement.
3.6 Taxes.
3.6.1 VAT; Similar Taxes. The Service Fees and Expenses shall be exclusive of any value added tax, sales tax or any other similar type of turnover tax (collectively, “VAT”) which may be due and payable by Merck or any of its Affiliates to a Governmental Authority and Organon shall pay any such VAT in addition to the sums otherwise payable, at the rate in force at the due time for payment or such other time as is stipulated under the relevant VAT legislation; provided, however, that Organon shall not pay any such VAT unless and until Merck provides a correct invoice in accordance with the relevant VAT legislation. Merck shall be liable for other taxes such as rent, use, and personal property taxes and for taxes on any and all income or revenues received from Organon under this Agreement.
3.6.2 Withholding Taxes. In the event any payments made pursuant to this Agreement are or become subject to withholding taxes under the laws or regulations of any jurisdiction, the Party making such payment shall be entitled to deduct and withhold the amount of such taxes for the account of the payee to the extent required by Applicable Laws and such amounts payable to the payee shall be reduced by the amount of taxes deducted and withheld. Any such withholding taxes required under Applicable Laws to be paid or withheld shall be an expense of, and borne solely by, the payee. If the Party making payment pursuant to this Agreement fails to deduct and withhold all or a portion of the amount of tax required by Applicable Law to be deducted and withheld and such Party is required by Applicable Law to pay all or a portion of such tax to a Governmental Authority for the account of the payee, payee shall, upon request from the other Party, immediately pay to the other Party an amount equal to the amount paid to such Governmental Authority for the account of the payee.
3.6.3 Tax Cooperation. To the extent that the Party making a payment is required to deduct and withhold taxes on any payments under this Agreement, the Party making such payment shall pay the amounts of such taxes to the proper Governmental Authority in accordance with Applicable Laws and in a timely manner transmit to the payee an official tax certificate or other evidence of such withholding as required by Applicable Law. It is the responsibility of the payee to provide any tax forms to the Party making such payment that may be reasonably necessary in order for such Party not to withhold tax or to withhold tax at a reduced rate under an applicable bilateral income tax treaty. The payee shall use reasonable efforts to provide any such tax forms to the Party making the payment at least thirty (30) days prior to the due date for any payments for which the payee desires that the Party making the payment apply a reduced withholding rate. Each Party shall provide the other with reasonable assistance to enable the recovery and reduction, as permitted by Applicable Laws, of withholding taxes, VAT, or similar obligations resulting from payments made under this Agreement, such recovery to be for the benefit of the Party (or Affiliate thereof) bearing such withholding tax or VAT.
 
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3.7 Other Rights. Payment of an invoice or any other amounts hereunder shall not preclude Organon from exercising its audit rights under the terms of Section 10 of this Agreement, shall not be deemed a release of any potential claims against Merck, and shall not limit Organon from pursuing any other remedy available to Organon under this Agreement or under Applicable Laws.
3.8 Interest. Any payments under this Agreement that are not made on or before the thirty (30) days following the applicable due date shall bear interest at a rate equal to the lesser of (i) two percent (2%) per annum above the Prime Rate, as reported in the print edition of The Wall Street Journal, Eastern Edition, on the date such payment was due or, if unavailable, on the latest date prior to the payment due date on which such rate is available, and (ii) the maximum rate permitted under Applicable Law, calculated on a daily basis, based on the actual number of days elapsed from the payment due date to the date of actual payment.
3.9 Submission of Invoices. Merck shall submit all invoices electronically to Organon. Notwithstanding the foregoing, Organon and Merck may mutually agree: (i) to change the vehicle for electronic submission; or (ii) that Merck submit a hard copy of such invoices.
3.10 Interim Services Agreement. To the extent any Service or Expense Activity is provided hereunder by an Affiliate of Merck to an Affiliate of Organon within the same country, any applicable Service Fee or Expenses will be invoiced and payable in accordance with the applicable local Interim Services Agreement. Following the Effective Date, local Interim Services Agreements will remain effective only for invoicing such Service Fees or Expenses and any other terms and conditions in this Agreement supersede those in any local Interim Services Agreement.
3.11 No Double Counting. Notwithstanding anything in this Agreement to the contrary, the Parties acknowledge and agree that Organon will not be charged more than once for the same service, activity, function or Expense that is performed or incurred by Merck or its Affiliates or Third Parties pursuant to this Agreement to the extent that Organon or its Affiliates are bearing the charges for such service, activity, function or Expense pursuant to another Transaction Document.
4. Term and Termination.
4.1 Term. This Agreement will commence on the Effective Date and end on the earlier of (i) the date on which Merck’s obligation to perform any Services under this Agreement ceases due to their expiration or termination in full in accordance with Section 4.2 or Section 4.3.3 or (ii) the date on which this Agreement is terminated pursuant to Section 4.3.1 or 4.3.2 (the “Term”).
 
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4.2 Duration of Services.
4.2.1 General Duration. Each Service to be provided by Merck under this Agreement shall (i) commence to be provided from and after the Effective Date, unless a different commencement date is specified in the applicable section of the Transition Services Schedule, and (ii) terminate (a) on the end date specified with respect to such Service in the applicable section of the Transition Services Schedule or the end date of any extension of such specified end date agreed to by the Parties in accordance with Section 4.2.2, or (b) on the date such Service is terminated in accordance with Section 4.3.1 or on the date such Service is terminated by the Transition Managers in accordance with Section 4.3.3, (such end date, the “Service Termination Date”). The commencement date of any Service (and the corresponding Service Fee for such) that is tied to the Exit Date for an IOM Market or Deferred Market will be adjusted accordingly if such applicable Exit Date is changed.
4.2.2 Extension.
(i) The Service Termination Date specified with respect to a Service or Ad Hoc Service in the applicable section of the Transition Services Schedule can be extended by the mutual written agreement of the Transition Managers in accordance with this Section 4.2.2 (including the markups noted for extended durations in Schedule 2) and Section 5. If Organon desires to request the extension of a Service Termination Date, the Organon Transition Manager shall, no later than ninety (90) days prior to the Service Termination Date (or such greater period as set forth in the applicable Section of the Transition Services Schedule or as necessary to comply with any Applicable Law before implementation of an extension, while providing for the thirty (30) day period for response from Merck subsequent to such a request being made, and time to reach agreement on extending the Service), provide a written request thereof to the Merck Transition Manager setting forth the desired extended Service Termination Date. Notwithstanding the ninety (90) day and thirty (30) day references in Sections 4.2.2(i) and 4.2.2(ii), respectively, if a Service with a Service Termination Date tied to a Marketing Authorization Transfer Date (as defined in the Regulatory Agreement) needs to be extended due to a change in such Marketing Authorization Transfer Date due to an action or inaction by a Governmental Authority, and not as a result of the action or inaction of Organon, the Parties will use Commercially Reasonable Efforts to assess and make final determination pursuant to this Section 4.2.2 on whether the duration of such Service shall be extended, the new Service Termination Date, and the applicable Service Fee; provided that such new Service Termination Date shall not fall after Merck’s obligation to support transfer of such Transferred Marketing Authorization (as defined in the Regulatory Agreement) ceases in accordance with the Regulatory Agreement.
(ii) Within thirty (30) days following the receipt of such extension request, the Merck Transition Manager shall provide the Organon Transition Manager with a written response to such request setting forth the applicable Service Fee for such extended Services (which Service Fee shall be calculated in accordance with the principles set forth on Schedule 2) and an assessment as to whether the requested Service Termination Date can be achieved. Following receipt by the Organon Transition Manager of the Merck Transition Manager’s response to the extension request, the applicable Service Termination Date and the Service Fee (which shall be calculated in accordance with the principles set forth on Schedule 2) shall be as mutually agreed upon in writing by the Transition Managers in accordance with Section 5. Upon agreement of the Transition Managers in accordance with this Section 4.2.2 and Section 5, the Transition Services Schedule and the Service Fees Schedule shall be amended or updated by the Transition Managers to change the applicable Service Termination Date and to reflect the Service Fee applicable to such extended Services.
 
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4.3 Termination.
4.3.1 Material Breach. If either Party materially breaches this Agreement (or a given Schedule to the extent that the material breach relates solely to such Schedule), the non-breaching Party may give written notice to the other Party, specifying the nature of the material breach and, if such material breach is not remedied within thirty (30) calendar days of receipt of such written notice (provided, however, that the cure period shall be suspended during any time that a Party seeks resolution of a dispute as to whether an alleged material breach occurred pursuant to any dispute resolution mechanisms under this Agreement), then the non-breaching Party shall have the right, in its sole discretion, to immediately terminate this Agreement upon written notice to the breaching Party. Notwithstanding the foregoing, if such material breach relates only to a given Service, then the non-breaching Party shall only have the right to terminate the applicable Service to which such material breach relates and this Agreement, and all other Services shall not be affected by such termination.
4.3.2 Bankruptcy. This Agreement may be terminated by written notice given by a Party upon the occurrence of any of the following with respect the other Party: (i) such other Party becomes insolvent, or (ii) voluntary or involuntary proceedings by or against such other Party are instituted in bankruptcy or under any insolvency law, which proceedings, if involuntary, shall not have been dismissed within ninety (90) days after the date of filing, or (iii) a receiver or custodian is appointed for such other Party, or proceedings are instituted by or against such other Party for corporate reorganization or the dissolution of such other Party, which proceedings, if involuntary, shall not have been dismissed within ninety (90) days after the date of filing, or (iv) such other Party makes an assignment of substantially all of its assets for the benefit of its creditors, or substantially all of the assets of such other Party are seized or attached and not released within ninety (90) days thereafter.
4.3.3 Early Termination. Notwithstanding anything in this Agreement to the contrary, Organon shall be entitled to request the termination of any Service at its convenience, in whole or in part (but only to the extent that such termination in part would not jeopardize the provision of any remaining parts of such Service), at any time (without terminating any other Service) prior to the applicable Service Termination Date, by the Organon Transition Manager giving the Merck Transition Manager ninety (90) days (or such greater period as set forth in the applicable Section of the Transition Services Schedule or as necessary to comply with any Applicable Law, while providing for the thirty (30) day period for response from Merck subsequent to such a request being made, and time to reach agreement on terminating the Service) prior written request (the “Service Termination Notice”), and upon receipt by the Merck Transition Manager of the Service Termination Notice from the Organon Transition Manager, the Merck Transition Manager shall provide a written response to such Service Termination Notice within thirty (30) days of receipt thereof, including any additional Expenses associated with such early termination, and, if the Merck Transition Manager accepts the request for termination set forth therein, the Transition Managers may mutually agree in writing to terminate such Service, including the new Service Termination Date and any additional Expenses to be charged to Organon, in accordance with Section 5; provided that (i) in the event of any such termination of a Service in whole, Organon shall continue to be liable for paying the Service Fee related to any such terminated Service until the end of the applicable Calendar Quarter in which the newly agreed upon end date of such Service falls (and such Service Fee shall no longer be payable in the subsequent Calendar Quarter), as well
 
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as all other non-cancelable Expenses (including any costs or penalties related to Third Party Agreements, wind-down costs, minimum volume make-up fees and any other costs associated with the Service that Merck cannot eliminate prior to the previously planned Service Termination Date, including unamortized costs that Merck previously incurred or is required to pay) incurred by Merck or any of its Affiliates in connection with any early terminated Service, and (ii) in the event of any such termination of a Service in part, Organon shall continue to be liable for paying the entire Service Fee related to such Service, as well as all other Expenses incurred by Merck or any of its Affiliates in connection with such Service, until such Service is fully terminated or expired hereunder.
4.4 Effect of Termination of Services; Survival. In the event of any termination with respect to one or more, but less than all, of the Services, this Agreement will continue in full force and effect with respect to any Services not so terminated and, as applicable, any Expenses payable pursuant to Section 3.2. Upon the termination of any or all of the Services, Merck will cease, or cause its applicable Affiliates or Subcontractors to cease, providing the terminated Services. Upon each such termination, Organon will pay to Merck all Service Fees and Expenses accrued and incurred through the applicable Service Termination Date related to such terminated Service included in the subsequent quarterly invoice provided by Merck to Organon with respect to such Service and Expenses in accordance with Section 3.3 and Section 4.3. The terms, provisions, representations and warranties contained in this Agreement that by their sense and context are intended to survive the performance thereof by either Party or both Parties hereunder (including in Sections 2.3.3, 3, 7, 8, 9, 11 and 12, shall so survive the completion of performance, expiration or termination of this Agreement (or a given Service, as applicable). Upon the expiration of the Term or if this Agreement is terminated with respect to all of the Services pursuant to Section 4.3, Merck shall provide Organon a final invoice setting forth any and all accrued and unpaid Service Fees and Expenses related to the Services, including in accordance with Section 4.3, and Organon shall promptly pay such amounts set forth on such invoice.
5. Governance.
5.1 Designation of Transition Managers. Merck and Organon will each assign one person to act as that Party’s Transition Manager for the Services and Expenses. The Transition Managers will (i) represent and act for their respective Party for matters related to the Services and Expenses, and (ii) meet and/or confer on a regular basis (at mutually agreed times and locations) to review the activities under this Agreement (including progress with respect to the TSA Exits) and to discuss the status and progress of such activities. Either party may change its Transition Manager whenever it considers it appropriate and, in any such case, shall advise the other Party of such changes accordingly. In addition to the Transition Managers, each Party shall designate a functional representative for each function that is providing or receiving, as the case may be, a Service hereunder while such applicable Service is being provided and received.
 
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5.2 Responsibilities of Transition Managers. Without limiting the generality of Section 5.1, during the Term, the Transition Managers shall serve as their respective Party’s primary contact for the other Party to manage and coordinate the provision of the Services and Expense Activities and payment of Service Fees and Expenses provided hereunder and the performance of the Parties’ other obligations hereunder, including any associated exchange of Information and transition of responsibilities related to the Services and Expense Activities. The Transition Managers shall be responsible for ensuring that, during the Term, both Parties appropriately prepare for the transition of responsibilities associated with the TSA Exits and that the Parties understand the tasks necessary to accomplish a smooth transition.
5.3 Decisions of Transition Managers. The Transition Managers shall promptly meet to discuss such matters submitted or communicated to them by the executives responsible for the transition management, including the completion of any TSA Exit and any amendment, supplement or modification of or to the Transition Services Schedule or the Service Fees Schedule, and reasonably and in good faith cooperate to reach agreement on mutually acceptable terms. All changes to the Transition Services Schedule or the Service Fees Schedule shall be documented in writing in either a document, amendment or other instrument or in meeting minutes and mutually agreed upon by the Transition Managers. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary set forth herein, each Transition Manager can only make decisions and agreements under this Agreement upon approval of, and receipt of the requisite authority to make such decision or enter into such agreement from, such Party’s established processes for such approval or authorization.
5.4 Issues Resolution. The Transition Managers and/or functional representatives will work together to resolve issues or potential disputes relating to this Agreement, with the intent of averting the escalation of such issues or potential disputes. Should escalation be required, the Transition Managers shall meet first with the Transition Management Office (TMO) Leads (as defined in the Separation and Distribution Agreement). If not resolved the TMO Leads will meet with executives from each Party to resolve the escalation issue.
6. Transition Service Responsibilities.
6.1 Responsibilities of Merck. Subject to Sections 6.2 and 6.3 and the applicable section of the Transition Services Schedule, Merck shall use Commercially Reasonable Efforts to provide the Services, or cause the Services to be provided.
6.2 Responsibilities of Organon.
6.2.1 Organon will provide Merck with (i) such access to Organon’s facilities as is, in Merck’s reasonable good faith judgment, necessary for Merck or any of its Affiliates to perform the Services or Expense Activities required hereunder; (ii) such Information as is, in Merck’s reasonable good faith judgment, necessary for Merck or any of its Affiliates to perform the Services or Expense Activities required hereunder; and (iii) such reasonable access to resources and timely decisions, as reasonably requested by Merck in good faith from time to time, in order to permit Merck or any of its Affiliates to perform the Services and or Expense Activities required hereunder.
6.2.2 If Organon fails to perform, or procure the performance of, any of its obligations under this Section 6.2 and such failure impairs the provision of such element of the Services or Expense Activities, Merck shall not be obliged to provide, or procure the provision of, such element of the Services or Expense Activities; provided that Merck shall notify Organon as soon as reasonably practicable upon the occurrence of such failure.
 
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6.3 Mutual Responsibilities. The Parties will use Commercially Reasonable Efforts to cooperate with each other in all matters relating to the provision and receipt of Services and to Expenses. Such cooperation will include (i) Merck designating a Merck Transition Manager for purposes of this Agreement, and Organon designating an Organon Transition Manager for purposes of this Agreement; (ii) exchanging information relevant to the performance of the Services to be provided hereunder and to Expenses; and (iii) good faith efforts to mitigate problems with the work environment interfering with the performance of the Services and or Expense Activities required hereunder.
6.4 Compliance. Each Party shall observe and comply with, and give all notices required by, Applicable Law and Industry Codes. Each Party shall promptly notify the other Party if it becomes aware of any noncompliance with Applicable Law or Industry Codes in connection with its activities under this Agreement, and shall take all appropriate action necessary to ensure compliance with Applicable Law and Industry Codes in connection with its activities under this Agreement. All activities performed and Services provided hereunder shall be performed in accordance with the relevant provisions of the other Transaction Documents, including the Regulatory Agreement, governing compliance. Notwithstanding the foregoing, nothing in this Agreement shall be construed as a representation or warranty by Merck that any Service, Expense Activity or other items provided in connection therewith is sufficient to satisfy Organon’s obligations under Applicable Laws or Industry Codes.
6.5 Security.
6.5.1 If either Party is given access to the other Party’s (or its Affiliate’s) computer systems or software (collectively, the “Systems”) or physical facilities in connection with the performance or receipt of the Services or Expense Activities, such Party shall comply with all of the other Party’s reasonable policies, procedures and requirements in relation to Systems or physical facilities (collectively, “Security Regulations”) and will not tamper with, compromise, attempt to circumvent or circumvent any security or audit measures employed by such other Party. In the event of any conflict between this Agreement and any Security Regulations, this Agreement will govern. Each Party shall access and use only those Systems of the other Party for which it has been granted the right to access and use, and only to the extent reasonably necessary in connection with the provision or receipt, as applicable, of the Services and Expense Activities. Each Party shall be responsible for its employees’ compliance with the confidentiality provisions of this Agreement in connection with such access, including access to comingled or sensitive Information.
6.5.2 Each Party will ensure that only those of its personnel who are specifically authorized to have access to the Systems or physical facilities of the other Party (or its Affiliates) gain such access, and to prevent unauthorized access, use, destruction, alteration or loss of Information or other property contained therein, including notifying its personnel of the restrictions set forth in this Agreement and of the Security Regulations.
 
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6.5.3 If, at any time, either Party determines that (i) any of its personnel has sought to circumvent, or has circumvented, the Security Regulations of the other Party, (ii) any unauthorized personnel of such Party has accessed the Systems or physical facilities of the other Party, or (iii) any of the personnel of such Party has engaged in activities that may lead or leads to the unauthorized access, use, destruction, alteration or loss of Information or software, such Party shall immediately terminate any such personnel’s access to the Systems or physical facilities of the other Party and immediately notify the other Party. In addition, each Party shall have the right to deny the personnel of the other Party access to any Systems or physical facilities upon written notice to the other Party in the event that such Party reasonably believes that such personnel have engaged in any of the activities set forth above in this Section 6.5 or otherwise pose a security concern. Each Party will cooperate with the other Party in investigating any apparent unauthorized access to the Systems or facilities of the other Party.
6.6 TSA Exit.
6.6.1 The Parties acknowledge and agree that the Services to be provided hereunder are transitional in nature and are intended to provide Organon with reasonable time to develop the internal resources and capacities (or to arrange for Third Parties) to provide such Services. Accordingly, at all times from and after the Effective Date, Organon shall use Commercially Reasonable Efforts to make or obtain approvals, permits or licenses, implement any necessary systems, hire and train required employees or contractors, put in place agreements with Third Parties, and take, or cause to be taken, any and all other actions necessary or advisable so as to render receipt of the Services from Merck no longer necessary.
6.6.2 In the event and to the extent a plan for each TSA Exit has not been developed or finalized by Organon prior to the Effective Date, then, unless the timing is otherwise set forth in the applicable section of the Transition Services Schedule, no later than six (6) months prior to each planned Service Termination Date in the Transition Services Schedule, Organon shall prepare a plan for the TSA Exit, which plan shall be provided to Merck for its review and, for any TSA Exit plan that includes requested support from Merck, its consent. Organon will have the sole, full responsibility for planning and, unless otherwise agreed to by the Parties in accordance with Section 3.2.9, carrying out the TSA Exits prior to the expiration of the applicable Service Termination Date specified in the applicable section of the Transition Services Schedule, and in no event will Merck be required to transfer or assign any contracts or agreements to Organon in connection with the expiration or termination of any Service or otherwise.
6.6.3 Organon functional representatives shall periodically and on a regularly scheduled basis, at minimum quarterly unless otherwise agreed by the Parties, deliver to Merck functional representatives a detailed written work plan describing its progress with respect to the TSA Exits and such plan and the progress against such plan shall be discussed by the functional representatives and/or Transition Managers in accordance with Section 5. Such written work plan shall address the following with respect to each of the Services: (i) phases of implementation, if applicable; (ii) any applicable milestones and expected Service Termination Date for a Service; and (iii) expected Merck involvement, as applicable and subject to Section 3.2.9.
 
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7. Confidentiality; Data Privacy.
7.1 Disclosure of Confidential Information. Each Party hereto: (i) will retain in strict confidence the terms and conditions of this Agreement (including the nature of the services provided) and the Confidential Information of the other Party; and (ii) will not disclose the terms and conditions of this Agreement or the Confidential Information of the other Party to any other Third Party, unless otherwise required by Applicable Law or judicial or administrative process (in which case the provisions of Section 7.2.2 shall apply), without the other Party’s prior written consent. Notwithstanding the foregoing, each Party (and its respective Affiliates) shall be permitted to disclose any terms of this Agreement to the extent required in connection with its filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission or in compliance with the rules of any securities or listing requirement.
7.2 Permitted Disclosures.
7.2.1 Notwithstanding Section 7.1, each Party shall be permitted to disclose Confidential Information of the other Party, if such Confidential Information:
(i) is disclosed by a Party (or its Affiliates) to a Governmental Authority in order to maintain or obtain regulatory approval to manufacture and/or market Organon Product, but such disclosure may be only to the extent reasonably necessary to obtain such approvals;
(ii) is disclosed by the receiving Party (or its Affiliates) to agent(s), consultant(s), and/or other Third Parties who are performing obligations of the receiving Party or exercising rights granted to the receiving Party under this Agreement on the condition that such Third Parties agree to be bound by confidentiality and non-use obligations that substantially are no less stringent than those confidentiality and non-use provisions contained in this Agreement;
(iii) is deemed necessary by counsel to the receiving Party to be disclosed to such Party’s attorneys, independent accountants or financial advisors for the sole purpose of enabling such attorneys, independent accountants or financial advisors to provide advice to the receiving Party, on the condition that such attorneys, independent accountants and financial advisors agree to be bound by confidentiality and non-use obligations that substantially are no less stringent than those confidentiality and non-use provisions contained in this Agreement; or
(iv) is disclosed in connection with a merger or acquisition of a given Party (or its Affiliate) or a divestiture of a portion of such Party’s business related to this Agreement (or a given Organon Product, as applicable), such Party shall have the further right to disclose the material financial terms of this Agreement (or such Organon Product, as applicable, to Third Parties involved in such merger or acquisition provided that such Third Parties agree to be bound by confidentiality and non-use obligations that substantially are no less stringent than those confidentiality and non-use provisions contained in this Agreement.
7.2.2 In addition, if a Party is required by judicial or administrative process or Applicable Law to disclose Confidential Information that is subject to the non-disclosure provisions of Section 7.1, such Party shall promptly inform the other Party of the disclosure that is being sought in order to provide the other Party an opportunity to challenge or limit the disclosure obligations. Confidential Information that is disclosed by judicial or administrative process or as required by Applicable Law shall remain otherwise subject to the confidentiality and non-use provisions of Section 7.1, and the Party disclosing Confidential Information pursuant to law or court order or as required by Applicable Law shall take all steps reasonably necessary, including obtaining an order of confidentiality, to ensure the continued confidential treatment of such Confidential Information.
 
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7.3 Equitable Relief with respect to Disclosure of Confidential Information. The Parties hereto acknowledge that: (i) it would be impossible to measure the damages that would be suffered by the other Party if a Party failed to comply with this Section 7; and (ii) in the event of any such failure, there might not be adequate remedy at law. Therefore, each Party hereto shall be entitled, in addition to any other rights or remedies that it may have, to obtain specific performance by the other Party of the obligations of this Section 7, to obtain immediate injunctive relief without having to post a bond. Neither Party hereto will urge, as a defense to any proceeding for such specific performance or injunctive relief, that the other Party has an adequate remedy at law.
7.4 Return of Confidential Information. Upon the written request of the disclosing Party, the receiving Party shall immediately either return to the disclosing Party, or destroy, all Confidential Information of the disclosing Party, in accordance with the instructions of the disclosing Party, including all notes, summaries, and translations that have been made regarding such Confidential Information, and all copies of the foregoing. In the event destruction is requested by the disclosing Party, the receiving Party shall certify such destruction in writing. Notwithstanding the foregoing, the receiving Party may retain a copy for purposes of exercising any licenses under this Agreement (including any licenses that survive the termination or expiration of this Agreement) and may archive one (1) copy of Confidential Information for purposes of demonstrating its compliance with this Agreement, subject to confidentiality requirements of this Agreement.
7.5 Data Privacy.
7.5.1 Interpretation. In this Section 7.5, (i) “Data Protection Law” means, all applicable laws, rules and regulations (ii) “Data Subject”, “Personal Data”, “Personal Data Breach” and “Processing” will be construed in accordance with the EU General Data Protection Regulation 2016/679, and (iii) “Covered Personal Data” means Personal Data provided to or made available by Organon to Merck in order for Organon to receive the Services and Expense Activities.
7.5.2 Description of Processing. The Processing of Covered Personal Data shall be for the duration of this Agreement, for the purpose of providing the Services and or Expense Activities, and include the following categories of Personal Data of current and former employees (including dependents), customers, suppliers, healthcare professionals, researchers, and business partners of Organon: (i) name and contact information; (ii) personal characteristics (e.g., gender, marital status, citizenship, passport number); (iii) financial data (including compensation details for employees, and transfers of value to healthcare professionals); (iv) employment history and status, including job applications and resumes of unsuccessful candidates; (v) information relating to family members and dependents; (vi) information related to benefits administration; (vii) information related to performing a clinical trial shared with regulatory authorities; and (viii) special categories of data such as health and disability details, religion/ethnicity details, criminal allegation/defense details.
 
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7.5.3 Organon’s Obligations. Organon shall ensure that at all times, (i) Organon has a lawful basis to provide or make available Covered Personal Data to Merck, and (ii) Organon’s instructions to Merck in respect of Covered Personal Data comply with Applicable Law.
7.5.4 Additional Processing Terms. When Processing Covered Personal Data on behalf of Organon, Merck shall use Commercially Reasonable Efforts to: (i) only process Covered Personal Data on Organon’s written instructions unless required otherwise by Applicable Law; (ii) ensure that Merck personnel who have access to Covered Personal Data are subject to confidentiality obligations; (iii) implement and maintain technical and organizational measures designed to prevent a Personal Data Breach, and upon becoming aware of substantiated Personal Data Breach, Merck shall notify Organon without undue delay; (iv) taking into account the nature of the processing, at Organon’s cost and expense, assist Organon insofar as this is possible, to meet its obligations under Data Protection Law; and (v) upon request and at Organon’s cost and expense, make available information reasonably requested by Organon to demonstrate compliance with this Section 7.5, and allow for Organon to request an audit or inspection.
7.5.5 Cross-border Transfers. To the extent required by Applicable Law, the Standard Contractual Clauses in Schedule 6 shall apply to any transfer between Organon and Merck of Covered Personal Data from one jurisdiction to another (“International Transfer”). Without limiting Organon’s obligations under this Agreement, Organon shall, and shall procure that each Organon Affiliate shall, do all things reasonably necessary to ensure that any International Transfer complies with Applicable Law, including entering into any subsequent agreement(s) with Merck or a Merck Affiliate. In the event of any conflict or inconsistency between the Standard Contractual Clauses in Schedule 6, if applicable, and this Agreement, the Standard Contractual Clauses shall prevail.
8. General Representations and Warranties; Disclaimer.
8.1 General Representations and Warranties. Each of Organon and Merck represents, warrants, covenants and agrees that, at all times during the Term, (i) it is a limited liability company duly organized and validly existing and in good standing under the laws of its jurisdiction of organization, (ii) it is qualified or licensed to do business and in good standing in every jurisdiction where such qualification or licensing is required, (iii) it has the corporate power and authority to execute, deliver and perform its obligations under this Agreement, and the execution, delivery and performance of this Agreement by it has been duly authorized by all necessary corporate action, (iv) this Agreement has been duly executed and delivered by it, and (v) this Agreement constitutes the valid and binding obligations of it, enforceable against it in accordance with its terms except as enforceability may be limited by bankruptcy, insolvency, reorganization, moratorium or other similar laws relating to or affecting creditor’s rights generally, or general principles of equity.
8.2 Disclaimer. EXCEPT AS EXPRESSLY SET FORTH IN THIS AGREEMENT, NEITHER PARTY MAKES ANY REPRESENTATIONS OR WARRANTIES IN CONNECTION WITH THE SERVICES OR OTHERWISE, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING ANY IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY OR ANY IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE OR NONINFRINGEMENT, ALL OF WHICH ARE HEREBY SPECIFICALLY AND EXPRESSLY EXCLUDED AND
 
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DISCLAIMED. FOR THE AVOIDANCE OF DOUBT, NOTHING CONTAINED IN THIS SECTION 8.2 SHALL OPERATE TO LIMIT OR INVALIDATE ANY REPRESENTATION OR WARRANTY CONTAINED IN THE SEPARATION AND DISTRIBUTION AGREEMENT. NOTWITHSTANDING ANYTHING TO THE CONTRARY HEREIN, ALL THIRD PARTY SOFTWARE, SERVICES AND EXPENSE ACTIVITIES ARE PROVIDED BY MERCK “AS IS” WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY OF ANY KIND OTHER THAN THAT WHICH CAN BE PASSED THROUGH FROM THE APPLICABLE THIRD PARTY LICENSOR.
9. Indemnification.
9.1 By Organon. In addition to any other available remedies, Organon hereby agrees to indemnify, defend and hold harmless Merck and its Affiliates, and their respective officers, directors, employees, shareholders, members, partners, agents, representatives, successors and assigns (collectively, “Merck Indemnitees”) from and against all Third Party Damages based on a Third Party Claim imposed on, incurred by or asserted against any of Merck Indemnitees arising out of or relating to (i) Merck’s provision of Services or Expense Activities to Organon in accordance with the terms of this Agreement and that are not proximately caused by the gross negligence, fraud or willful misconduct of Merck or its Affiliates or Subcontractors, or (ii) failure by Organon to comply with its obligations under this Agreement.
9.2 Procedure. Merck will notify Organon of any demand by Merck for indemnification from Organon that is based on any Third Party Claim and provide Organon with copies of any papers served on Merck relating to that Third Party Claim, but Merck’s failure to provide or delay in providing that notice or those copies will not release Organon from its obligations under Section 9.1, except to the extent that the failure or delay materially prejudices Organon. Organon has the exclusive right to conduct the defense of any such Third Party Claim and any negotiations for its settlement, except that (i) Organon may not enter into any compromise or settlement unless Merck consents to such compromise or settlement, which consent shall not be unreasonably withheld or delayed, and which consent shall be deemed given with respect to any compromise or settlement relating solely to the payment of money damages if such compromise or settlement includes as an unconditional term thereof, the giving by each claimant or plaintiff to the Merck Indemnitees of a release from all liability in respect of such claim, (ii) Merck may participate at its expense in Organon’s defense of or settlement negotiations for any Third Party Claim with counsel of Merck’s own selection, and (iii) Merck may, at its option and Organon’s expense, and on prior written notice to Organon, conduct the defense of and any settlement negotiations for any Third Party Claim in place of Organon if Organon fails to promptly defend the Third Party Claim as required in this Article 9. At Merck’s request and Organon’s expense, and in addition to Organon’s other obligations under this Agreement, Organon shall assist Merck with the defense of any Third Party Claim for which Merck conducts the defense under this Article 9.
9.3 Damages. EXCEPT FOR A BREACH OF A PARTY’S CONFIDENTIALITY OBLIGATIONS UNDER ARTICLE 7, IN NO EVENT SHALL EITHER PARTY OR ITS AFFILIATES OR ITS OR THEIR RESPECTIVE OFFICERS, DIRECTORS, EMPLOYEES OR AGENTS BE LIABLE TO THE OTHER PARTY OR ITS AFFILIATES OR ITS OR THEIR RESPECTIVE OFFICERS, DIRECTORS, EMPLOYEES OR AGENTS FOR ANY INDIRECT OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR INDIRECT OR CONSEQUENTIAL
 
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LOSSES, OR FOR ANY LOSS OF REVENUES OR LOST PROFITS (WHETHER DIRECT OR INDIRECT), IN EACH CASE OF ANY KIND, NATURE OR DESCRIPTION WHATSOEVER SUFFERED OR INCURRED BY SUCH PARTY ARISING UNDER OR IN CONNECTION WITH THIS AGREEMENT OR AS A RESULT OF ANY ACTIVITIES HEREUNDER, REGARDLESS OF WHETHER ARISING FROM BREACH OF CONTRACT, WARRANTY, TORT, STRICT LIABILITY OR OTHERWISE, EVEN IF SUCH PARTY IS ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH LOSS OR DAMAGE OR IF SUCH LOSS OR DAMAGE COULD HAVE BEEN REASONABLY FORESEEN. NOTWITHSTANDING THE FOREGOING, NOTHING IN THIS SECTION 9.3 IS INTENDED TO OR SHALL LIMIT OR RESTRICT THE INDEMNIFICATION RIGHTS OF MERCK OR OBLIGATIONS OF ORGANON WITH RESPECT TO ANY THIRD PARTY CLAIMS UNDER SECTION 9.1.
9.4 Liability Cap. NOTWITHSTANDING ANYTHING TO THE CONTRARY CONTAINED HEREIN, THE TOTAL AND AGGREGATE LIABILITY OF MERCK (AND ITS AFFILIATES) ARISING OUT OF, OR OTHERWISE IN CONNECTION WITH, THIS AGREEMENT (INCLUDING BREACH OF CONTRACT, TORT, INDEMNITY, OR OTHERWISE) SHALL NOT EXCEED SIX MILLION DOLLARS ($6,000,000).
10. Audit Rights.
10.1 Merck shall, and shall cause its Affiliates to, prepare and maintain the Records and any records relating to the payment of Expenses pursuant to Section 3, which shall be open to inspection and subject to audit and/or reproduction, during normal working hours, by an independent accounting firm or other appropriate Third Party representative selected by Organon, and reasonably acceptable to Merck (including entering into a reasonably acceptable confidentiality agreement), for evaluation and verification of the provision of each Service, but, for the avoidance of doubt, not the Service Fee or associated cost of each Service, hereunder by Merck in accordance with the applicable section of the Transition Services Schedule (excluding the Service Fee) with respect to the Records and evaluation and verification of the accuracy of any Expenses paid pursuant to Section 3; provided, however, that such right to conduct such audits and inspections and/or reproduction shall not occur (i) more frequently than one (1) time per Calendar Year, and (ii) with respect to such audits and inspections relating to any Expenses paid pursuant to Section 3, no later than the Calendar Year following the Calendar Year in which such Expense was paid, unless Organon has reasonable cause to believe that Merck is not complying with this Agreement.
10.2 The accounting firm or other Third Party representative shall have access to Merck’s facilities and shall be provided adequate and appropriate work space, in order to conduct audits in compliance with this Section 10.1. Organon shall give Merck at least forty-five (45) days’ prior notice of intent to audit. The accounting firm or other Third Party representative shall have access to the Records and any records relating to the payment of Expenses pursuant to Section 3 and Merck shall preserve the Records and any records relating to the payment of Expenses pursuant to Section 3 for a period of two (2) years following the date the Records and any records relating to the payment of Expenses pursuant to Section 3 were created, or for such longer period as may be required by Applicable Laws.
 
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10.3 The right to audit and/or inspect the Records pursuant to this Section 10 shall terminate with respect to each Service to be provided by Merck under this Agreement on the applicable Service Termination Date. The right to audit and/or inspect any records relating to the payment of Expenses pursuant to Section 3 pursuant to this Section 10 shall terminate with respect to each such Expense at the end of the Calendar Year following the Calendar Year in which such Expense was paid by Organon to Merck.
10.4 If an audit, inspection or examination of any records relating to the payment of Expenses pursuant to Section 3 conducted in accordance with this Section 10 discloses overcharges (of any nature) by Merck to Organon or undercharges (of any nature), any undisputed adjustments and/or payments to Organon shall be made by Merck or Organon, as applicable, within a reasonable amount of time not to exceed ninety (90) days from presentation of Organon’s findings to Merck.
10.5 Organon shall bear all costs and expenses incurred by Organon in connection with any such audit or inspection; provided, however, that if any such audit or inspection correctly identifies any overcharges (of any nature) that are the fault of Merck in excess of the greater of (i) five percent (5%) of the amount actually payable by Organon and (ii) $500,000, then in such case Merck shall reimburse Organon for all reasonable out-of-pocket costs incurred by Organon in connection with such audit or inspection.
11. Financial Controls.
11.1 During the Term, and until financial statements have been filed for the fiscal year following the end of the Term, Organon shall have the right once (and only once) per each fiscal quarter of Merck, subject to mutual agreement of an annual audit calendar, agreement by either party not to be unreasonably withheld at its own cost and expense, itself and/or through a designated third party auditor(s) selected by Organon, and reasonably acceptable to Merck, upon at least thirty (30) days advance written notice to Merck or any of its Affiliates and during Merck’s regular business hours and subject to Merck’s reasonable policies and procedures, to audit and inspect Information and processes and information technology systems, including internal audit reports and the audit reports of Merck’s accounting firm, solely as such Information and reports relate to the Services and Expense Activities hereunder, solely (i) as necessary for Organon and its Affiliates to verify the accuracy of internal controls over information technology, reporting of financial data and related processes employed in connection with verifying compliance with Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, or (ii) as required to enable Organon and its Affiliates and their respective accounting firm to complete an audit or review of their respective financial records and data; provided that, in each case, (x) such access shall not unreasonably interfere with any of the business or operations of Merck or any of its Affiliates or any audit or review of the consolidated financial statements of Merck or any of its Affiliates for any fiscal year or fiscal quarter and (y) in the event that Merck determines that providing such access would violate any Applicable Law or agreement or waive any attorney-client or similar privilege, then Merck and Organon shall use commercially reasonable efforts to permit such access in a manner that avoids any such consequence.
 
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11.2 Organon shall be responsible for its employees’ and representatives’ compliance with the confidentiality and Security provisions of this Agreement in connection with any such access to such Information. Any control remediations resulting from Organon’s audit of such Information pursuant to this Section 11 that are applicable to Merck shall not be charged to Organon; provided, however, that if there are differences in materiality that require additional work for Merck to maintain controls for Organon at a lower level of precision, any costs incurred by Merck in connection with such maintenance shall be charged to Organon as Expenses, which shall be calculated in accordance with the principles set forth on Schedule 2, or, if applicable, such additional work will treated as an Additional Service or a change in scope to an existing Service.
12. Miscellaneous.
12.1 Independent Contractor.
12.1.1 In the performance of Merck’s obligations under this Agreement, Merck shall at all times act as and be deemed an independent contractor. Nothing in this Agreement shall be construed to render Merck or any of its employees, agents, or officers, as an employee, joint venture, agent, or partner of Organon. Merck is not authorized to assume or create any obligations or responsibilities, express or implied, on behalf of or in the name of Organon. It is understood that the employees, methods, facilities, and equipment of Merck shall at all times be under Merck’s exclusive direction and control.
12.1.2 In the performance of Organon’s obligations under this Agreement, Organon shall at all times act as and be deemed an independent contractor. Nothing in this Agreement shall be construed to render Organon or any of its employees, agents, or officers, as an employee, joint venture, agent, or partner of Merck. Organon is not authorized to assume or create any obligations or responsibilities, express or implied, on behalf of or in the name of Merck. It is understood that the employees, methods, facilities, and equipment of Organon shall at all times be under Organon’s exclusive direction and control.
12.2 Force Majeure. No Party shall be liable for a failure or delay in performing any of its obligations under this Agreement (except for the payment of money) if, but only to the extent that, such failure or delay is due to causes beyond the reasonable control of the affected Party, including: (i) acts of God; (ii) fire or explosion (except to the extent caused by the negligence or willful misconduct of the affected Party); (iii) unusually severe weather; (iv) war, invasion, riot or other civil unrest; (v) governmental laws, orders, restrictions, actions, embargoes, or blockages; (vi) national or regional emergency; (vii) injunctions, strikes, lockouts, labor trouble, or other industrial disturbances; and (viii) shortage of supply of commodity materials on a global basis (each, a “Force Majeure Event”); provided that the Party affected shall promptly notify the other of the Force Majeure Event and shall exert reasonable efforts to eliminate, cure, or overcome any such causes and to resume performance of its obligations as soon as practicable.
12.3 Governing Law; Dispute Resolution.
12.3.1 This Agreement shall be construed and governed under and in accordance with the laws of the State of New York, without giving effect to the principle of conflict of laws thereof.
 
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12.3.2 All disputes between the Parties that may arise under this Agreement shall be resolved in accordance with the dispute resolution process applicable to such disputes set forth in the Separation and Distribution Agreement.
12.4 No Waiver. Any Party’s failure to enforce any of the terms or conditions herein or to exercise any right or privilege pursuant hereto, or any Party’s waiver of any breach under this Agreement, shall not be construed to be a waiver of any other terms, conditions, or privileges, whether of a similar or different type.
12.5 Assignment.
12.5.1 Neither this Agreement nor any of the Services or Expense Activities hereunder may be assigned, in whole or in part, whether by operation of law or otherwise (however structured), without the prior written consent of the other Party; provided, however, that
(i) a Party shall have the right, without the prior consent of the other Party, to assign this Agreement, in whole or in part, to any Affiliate of such Party; and
(ii) a Party shall have the right, without the prior consent of the other Party, to assign this Agreement, in whole, to any Third Party in connection with a sale of all or substantially all of the assets of such Party to which this Agreement relates whether by merger, sale of stock, sale of assets or other similar transaction (including by operation of Applicable Law), in each case upon prior written notice to the other Party.
12.5.2 Any permitted assignee shall assume all obligations of its assignor under this Agreement; provided, however, that in the event of an assignment to an Affiliate, the assignor Party shall remain as principal obligor for all or any obligations and liabilities assigned to such Affiliate under the terms of this Agreement. No assignment shall relieve any Party of responsibility for the performance of any accrued obligation which such Party has hereunder as of the time of such assignment. Any other attempted assignment of this Agreement in violation of this Section 12.5 shall be null and void.
12.5.3 The terms and conditions of this Agreement shall be binding upon, and shall inure to the benefit of, the Parties hereto and their respective successors and permitted assigns.
12.6 Severability. If any provision of this Agreement is found invalid or unenforceable by a court of competent jurisdiction, the remainder of this Agreement shall continue in full force and effect. The Parties shall negotiate in good faith to substitute a valid, legal, and enforceable provision that reflects the intent of such invalid or unenforceable provision.
12.7 Notices.
12.7.1 The term “notice” as used throughout this Agreement, shall mean written notice, except where specifically provided herein to the contrary. Notice shall be delivered by (i) certified mail, return receipt requested (or the equivalent); (ii) hand delivery with receipt acknowledged; or (iii) overnight courier service that provides a delivery receipt. Notices shall be delivered to the following addresses or to such other address or person as a Party may specify by notice given in accordance with this Section 12.7.1.
 
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If to Merck:
[_______________]
[_______________]
[_______________]
Attention: [_______________]
With a copy to:
[_______________]
[_______________]
[_______________]
Attention: [_______________]
If to Organon:
[_______________]
[_______________]
[_______________]
Attention: [_______________]
With a copy to:
[_______________]
[_______________]
[_______________]
Attention: [_______________]
12.7.2 Notice given in accordance with Section 12.7.1 shall be deemed delivered when received, or upon refusal of receipt.
12.8 Cumulative Remedies. Except as otherwise expressly set forth herein, no remedy referred to in this Agreement is intended to be exclusive, but each shall be cumulative and in addition to any other remedy available under the terms of this Agreement or otherwise available at law or in equity.
12.9 Entire Agreement/Amendments; Conflicts.
12.9.1 This Agreement, together with all Schedules and attachments hereto, and the other Transaction Documents, constitutes the entire agreement between the Parties hereto and shall supersede and take the place of any and all agreements, documents, minutes of meetings, or letters concerning the subject matter hereof that may, prior to the Effective Date, be in existence. This Agreement may only be amended by a statement in writing to that effect signed by duly authorized representatives of Organon and Merck.
 
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12.9.2 The intent of this Agreement is to include items necessary for the proper execution and completion of the performance under this Agreement. The documents comprised by this Agreement are complementary, and what is required by any one shall be as binding as if required by all.
12.9.3 In the event of any conflict or inconsistency between the terms of the Separation and Distribution Agreement (or any other agreements entered into between Merck Parent (or any of its Affiliates) and Organon (or any of its Affiliates) in connection with the Separation) and the terms of this Agreement, the terms of this Agreement shall govern with respect to the subject matter hereof.
12.9.4 Except as set forth in Section 3.10 or as expressly set forth in any local country agreement entered into prior to the Effective Date between the Parties or any of their respective Affiliates with respect to the provision of Services in anticipation of the Separation (each, a “Local Services Agreement”), this Agreement shall supersede each Local Services Agreement with respect to the provision of such Services. To the extent there are any inconsistencies between this Agreement and any Local Services Agreement relating to such Services, this Agreement shall control. Notwithstanding the foregoing, the appointment of a Party or its Affiliate as agent of the other Party or its Affiliate pursuant to an Interim Operating Agreement shall not be superseded by Section 12.1 of this Agreement and any provision of an Interim Operating Agreement relating to Returns, Discards or Payment Claims shall not be superseded by Section 3.2.5 or 3.2.6 of this Agreement.
12.10 Counterparts. This Agreement may be executed in two (2) or more counterparts, each of which shall for all purposes be deemed an original and all of which together shall constitute one and the same instrument. In addition, this Agreement may be executed by facsimile or “PDF” and such facsimile or “PDF” signature shall be deemed to be an original.
12.11 Headings. The headings assigned to the Articles and Sections of this Agreement are for convenience only and shall not limit the scope and applicability of the Articles and Sections.
12.12 Further Assurances. Each Party agrees to execute such further papers, agreements, documents, instruments and the like as may be necessary or desirable to effect the purpose of this Agreement and to carry out its provisions.
12.13 English Language. If there exist versions of this Agreement, or any Schedules, attachments or any amendments hereto or thereto, in any language other than English, the binding version of all of the foregoing shall be the English version, except as otherwise required by the Laws. All notices and other written documentation provided by a Party to the other Party under this Agreement shall be in English, unless otherwise agreed to by the parties.
12.14 Third Party Beneficiaries. Nothing in this Agreement, express or implied, is intended to confer upon any Third Party, any rights, remedies, obligations or liabilities.
 
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12.15 Interpretation. In this Agreement, unless otherwise specified, (i) “includes” and “including” and words of similar import shall mean includes and including without limitation; (ii) words denoting any gender shall include all genders; (iii) words denoting the singular shall include the plural and vice versa; (iv) the Exhibits, Schedules, Addenda and other attachments form part of the operative provision of this Agreement and references to this Agreement shall, unless the context otherwise requires, include references to the Exhibits, Schedules, Addenda and attachments; (v) the word “or” is disjunctive but not necessarily exclusive; (vi) references to “Articles”, “Sections” and “subsections” in this Agreement shall be to Articles, Sections and subsections respectively, of this Agreement unless otherwise specifically provided; (vii) references to any Articles or Sections include Sections and subsections that are part of the reference Article or Section (e.g., a section numbered “Section 2.2(a)” would be part of “Section 2.2”, and references to “Article 2” or “Section 2.2” would refer to material contained in the subsection described as “Section 2.2(a)”); and (viii) “herein,” hereby,” “hereunder,” “hereof,” “hereto” and other equivalent words shall refer to this Agreement as an entirety and not solely to the particular portion of this Agreement in which any such word is used. Words and abbreviations that have known or technical trade meanings are used in this Agreement in accordance with such recognized meanings.
12.16 Use of Affiliates. Either Party shall have the right to exercise its rights and perform its obligations under this Agreement either itself or through any of its Affiliates, provided that such Party shall remain solely responsible for the acts, omissions and performance of such Affiliate as if such acts, omissions and performance had been provided by such Party itself under this Agreement. In addition, in each case where a Party’s Affiliate has an obligation pursuant to this Agreement or performs an obligation pursuant to this Agreement: (i) such Party shall cause and compel such Affiliate to perform such obligation and comply with the terms of this Agreement; and (ii) any breach of the terms or conditions of this Agreement by such Affiliate shall be deemed a breach by such Party of such terms or conditions.
[Remainder of Page Intentionally Left Blank]
 
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IN WITNESS WHEREOF, each of the Parties hereto has caused this Agreement to be duly executed and delivered in its name and on its behalf, all as of the day and year first above written.

ORGANON:	
	
ORGANON LLC	

By:	 	 	
Name:	 	 	
Title:	 	 	

MERCK:	
	
MSD INTERNATIONAL GMBH	

By:	 	 	
Name:	 	 	
Title:	 	 	

Certain confidential information contained in this document, marked by brackets, has been omitted because it is both (i) not material and (ii) would be competitively harmful if publicly disclosed.
Exhibit 10.4
DEVELOPMENT AND COMMERCIALIZATION AGREEMENT
by and between
SAMSUNG BIOEPIS CO., LTD.
and
MERCK SHARP & DOHME CORP.

DEVELOPMENT AND COMMERCIALIZATION AGREEMENT
This Development and Commercialization Agreement (this “Agreement”) is effective as of February 18, 2013 (the “Effective Date”), and is entered into by and between SAMSUNG BIOEPIS CO., LTD., a corporation organized and existing under the laws of the Republic of Korea (“Samsung”) and MERCK SHARP & DOHME CORP., a corporation organized and existing under the laws of the State of New Jersey, USA (“Merck”).
RECITALS:
WHEREAS, Samsung is developing the Compounds and the Products (each as hereinafter defined); and
WHEREAS, Samsung is seeking a commercialization partner for the Compounds, and Merck desires to be such commercialization partner, upon the terms and conditions set forth herein;
NOW, THEREFORE, in consideration of the foregoing premises and the mutual covenants contained herein, the receipt and sufficiency of which are hereby acknowledged, Samsung and Merck hereby agree as follows:
ARTICLE 1 DEFINITIONS
Unless specifically set forth to the contrary herein, the following terms, whether used in the singular or plural, shall have the respective meanings set forth below.
 
1.1	“Act” shall mean the Public Health Service Act, 42 U.S.C. §§ 262 et seq., as amended from time to time.	
 
1.2	“Affiliate” shall mean (i) any corporation or business entity (A) of which, now or hereafter, fifty percent (50%) or more of the securities or other ownership interests representing the equity, the voting stock or general partnership interest are owned, controlled or held, directly or indirectly, by Merck or Samsung or (B) which, now or hereafter, is controlled directly or indirectly by Merck or Samsung; or (ii) any corporation or business entity (A) which, now or hereafter, directly or indirectly, owns, controls or holds fifty percent (50%) (or the maximum ownership interest permitted by law) or more of the securities or other ownership interests representing the equity, the voting stock or, if applicable, the general partnership interest, of Merck or Samsung or (B) which, now or hereafter, directly or indirectly controls Merck or Samsung; or (iii) any corporation or business entity (A) of which, now or hereafter, fifty percent (50%) or more of the securities or other ownership interests representing the equity, the voting stock or general partnership interest are owned, controlled or held, directly or indirectly, by a corporation or business entity described in (i) or (ii) or (B) which, now or hereafter, is controlled directly or indirectly by a corporation or business entity described in (i) or (ii). For the purpose of this Section 1.2 and Section 1.13, the term “control” shall mean the power and ability to direct the management and policies of the controlled corporation or business entity, whether directly or indirectly through one or more intermediaries, through ownership of voting securities or other ownership interests of the controlled corporation or business entity or by contract or otherwise, and the terms “controlled” and “controlling” shall be construed accordingly. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary contained in this Agreement, neither Biogen Idec Therapeutics Inc. nor any of its Affiliates (as defined in the Joint Venture Agreement dated December 6, 2011 between Samsung BioLogics	
 
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 	Co., Ltd. and Biogen Idec Therapeutics Inc.) shall be deemed to be an Affiliate of Samsung unless and until Biogen Idec Therapeutics Inc. and/or any of its Affiliates (as defined in the Joint Venture Agreement referred to above), directly or indirectly, collectively own, control or hold fifty percent (50%) or more of the total issued and outstanding voting securities or other ownership interests of Samsung, in which event whether Biogen Idec Therapeutics Inc. or any of its Affiliates (as defined in the Joint Venture Agreement referred to above) is an Affiliate of Samsung for purposes of this Agreement shall be determined in accordance with the foregoing definition of “Affiliate.”	
 
1.3	“Agreement” shall have the meaning given such term in the preamble to this document.	
 
1.4	“Biosimilar” shall mean any biological product: (i) characterized by the same amino acid sequence and similar post-translational modifications as an approved reference product; (ii) for which any differences between it and its reference product do not result in any clinically meaningful differences in its safety, purity or potency as compared to such reference product; and (iii) for which regulatory approval is expected to be sought or obtained based on the prior knowledge of such reference product under an abbreviated regulatory testing and/or filing scheme in the United States or the European Union.	
 
1.5	“BLA” shall mean a Biologics License Application, Worldwide Marketing Application, Marketing Authorization Application, filing pursuant to Section 351 of the Act, or similar application or submission for Marketing Authorization of a Product filed with a Regulatory Authority to obtain marketing approval for a biological product in that country or in that group of countries.	
 
1.6	“Business Day” means a day other than a Saturday, Sunday, or a bank or other public holiday in New York, New York or Seoul, Korea.	
 
1.7	“Calendar Quarter” shall mean the respective periods of three (3) consecutive calendar months ending on March 31, June 30, September 30 and December 31.	
 
1.8	“Calendar Year” shall mean each successive period of twelve (12) months commencing on January 1 and ending on December 31.	
 
1.9	“Change of Control” shall mean with respect to a Party: (i) the sale of all or substantially all of such Party’s assets or business relating to this Agreement; or (ii) a merger, reorganization or consolidation involving such Party in which the voting securities of such Party outstanding immediately prior thereto cease to represent at least fifty percent (50%) of the combined voting power of the surviving entity immediately after such merger, reorganization or consolidation.	
 
1.10	“Clone” shall mean either (as the context requires): (i) a BLA for a Product submitted to a Regulatory Authority in the European Union by Merck which is a duplicate of the BLA for such Product submitted to such Regulatory Authority by Samsung; or (ii) the Marketing Authorization received by Merck in the European Union in connection with such a duplicate BLA.	
 
1.11	“Commercialize” shall mean to promote, market, distribute, sell and provide product support for a Product, and “Commercializing” and “Commercialization” shall have correlative meanings.	
 
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1.12	“Commercially Reasonable Efforts” shall mean, with respect to the efforts to be expended by a Party with respect to any objective, such reasonable, diligent, good faith efforts to accomplish such objective as a similarly situated (with respect to size, stage of development of products, and assets) pharmaceutical company would normally use to accomplish a similar objective under similar circumstances. It is understood and agreed that with respect to the Development and Commercialization of a Compound and/or a Product by a Party, such efforts shall be substantially equivalent to the level of efforts and resources normally devoted by a similarly situated (with respect to size, stage of development of products, and assets) pharmaceutical company to a product or compound which is owned by it or to which it has rights, which is of similar market potential, profit potential or strategic value and at a similar stage in its development or product life, taking into account, without limitation, issues of safety and efficacy, approved labeling, product profile, proprietary position, then-current competitive environment for such product or compound and likely timing of the product’s entry into the market, regulatory environment and status of the product, profitability of the product, and other relevant scientific, technical and commercial factors. Commercially Reasonable Efforts shall be determined on a market-by-market and Indication-by-Indication basis for a particular product, and it is anticipated that the level of effort will be different for different markets, and will change over time, reflecting changes in the status of the product and the market(s) involved.	
 
1.13	“Competing Pharma Change of Control” shall mean a Change of Control in which a company or group of companies acting in concert (other than the Parties and their respective Affiliates) (a) for which the collective worldwide sales of ethical pharmaceutical products in the Calendar Year that preceded the Change of Control were [* * *] United States dollars (US$[* * *]) or more, or (b) which has a research, development or commercialization program for a product which would compete with a Product, is the acquirer (by asset or business purchase) or becomes the controlling equity holder of the surviving entity (as a result of a merger, consolidation or reorganization), as the case may be, as part of or as a result of such Change of Control. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary in this Agreement, in the event that Biogen Idec Therapeutics Inc. or any of its Affiliates (as defined in the Joint Venture Agreement dated December 6, 2011 between Samsung BioLogics Co., Ltd. and Biogen Idec Therapeutics Inc.) comes to collectively own, control or hold fifty percent (50%) or more of the total issued and outstanding voting securities or other ownership interests of Samsung, whether directly or indirectly (the “Biogen Change of Control of Samsung”), and at such time Biogen Idec Therapeutics Inc. and/or any of such Affiliates (individually or collectively) meet the criteria set forth in (a) or (b) hereinabove, the Biogen Change of Control of Samsung shall constitute a Competing Pharma Change of Control.	
 
1.14	“Compound” shall mean any and all of the following, as well as such other Biosimilars as the Parties mutually agree in writing to add to this Agreement:	
 
 	1.14.1	Adalimumab/Humira Biosimilar;	
 
 	1.14.2	Bevacizumab/Avastin Biosimilar;	
 
 	1.14.3	Cetuximab/Erbitux Biosimilar;	
 
 	1.14.4	Infliximab/Remicade Biosimilar; and	
 
 	1.14.5	Trastuzumab/Herceptin Biosimilar.	
 
1.15	“Control”, “Controls” or “Controlled by” shall mean, with respect to any item of or right under Merck Know-How, Merck Patent Rights, Samsung Know-How or Samsung Patent Rights, the possession by a Party (whether by ownership or license, other than pursuant to this Agreement) of the ability to grant access to, or a license or sublicense of, such item or right as provided for herein without violating the terms of any agreement or other arrangement with any Third Party.	
 
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[* * *]=[CONFIDENTIAL PORTION HAS BEEN OMITTED BECAUSE IT (I) IS NOT MATERIAL AND (II) WOULD BE COMPETITIVELY HARMFUL IF PUBLICLY DISCLOSED.]

1.16	“current Good Manufacturing Practices” or “cGMPs” shall mean the applicable then-current standards for conducting manufacturing activities for pharmaceutical or biological products (and/or active pharmaceutical ingredients) as are required by any applicable Regulatory Authority in the Territory.	
 
1.17	“Develop” shall mean to research, develop, analyze, test and conduct preclinical, clinical and all other regulatory trials for a Compound and/or a Product, as well as any and all activities pertaining to analytical development, manufacturing process development and formulation development and all other activities related to securing or maintaining Marketing Authorization for a Product. “Developing” and “Development” shall have correlative meanings.	
 
1.18	“EMA” shall mean the European Medicines Agency and any successor Regulatory Authority having substantially the same function.	
 
1.19	“FDA” shall mean the United States Food and Drug Administration and any successor Regulatory Authority having substantially the same function.	
 
1.20	“Filing” of a BLA shall mean the acceptance by a Regulatory Authority of a BLA for filing.	
 
1.21	“Good Clinical Practices” or “GCPs” shall mean the applicable then-current standards for clinical trials for pharmaceuticals or biologicals, as set forth in the Act and any regulations or guidance documents promulgated thereunder, as amended from time to time, together with any similar standards of good clinical practice as are required by any Regulatory Authority in the Territory.	
 
1.22	“Good Laboratory Practices” or “GLPs” shall mean the applicable then-current standards for laboratory activities for pharmaceuticals or biologicals, as set forth in the Act and any regulations or guidance documents promulgated thereunder, as amended from time to time, together with any similar standards of good laboratory practice as are required by any Regulatory Authority in the Territory.	
 
1.23	“Indication” shall mean a separate and distinct disease or medical condition in humans which a Product that is in clinical trials is intended to treat, prevent and/or diagnose and/or for which a Product has received Marketing Authorization.	
 
1.24	“Information” shall mean any and all Development, scientific, pre-clinical, clinical, regulatory, Manufacturing, marketing, financial and commercial information or data, whether communicated in writing or orally or by any other method, which is provided by one Party to the other Party in connection with this Agreement.	
 
1.25	“Invention” shall mean any process, method, composition of matter, article of manufacture, discovery or finding that is conceived and/or reduced to practice as a result of activities under this Agreement.	
 
1.26	“JSC” shall mean the joint steering committee established to oversee and review the Development and Commercialization of Products, as more fully described in Section 3.4.	
 
1.27	“Launch” shall mean, with respect to a Product in a Region, the first sale in such Region by Merck or its Related Parties to a Third Party for end use or consumption of such Product after receipt of the applicable Marketing Authorization for such Product in such Region, excluding, however, any sale or other distribution (in each case, without receipt of any consideration for the Product sold or distributed, other than nominal consideration received in accordance with prevailing market practice) for test marketing, sampling or promotional uses, use in a clinical trial or compassionate or similar uses.	
 
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1.28	“Liability” shall mean any and all claims, suits, losses, liabilities, damages, costs, fees and expenses, including reasonable attorneys’ fees and expenses of litigation incurred in connection therewith.	
 
1.29	“Manufacture” or “Manufacturing” shall mean, with respect to a Compound or Product, the receipt, handling and storage of active pharmaceutical ingredients and other materials, the manufacturing, processing, packaging and labeling (excluding the development of packaging and labeling components for Marketing Authorization), holding (including storage), quality assurance and quality control testing (including release) of such Compound or Product.	
 
1.30	“Marketing Authorization” shall mean all approvals from the relevant Regulatory Authority necessary to market and sell a Product in any country (including without limitation all applicable pricing and governmental reimbursement approvals needed to obtain reimbursement in connection with the sale of Product, even if not legally required to sell Product in a country).	
 
1.31	“Merck” shall have the meaning given such term in the preamble to this Agreement.	
 
1.32	“Merck Information and Inventions” shall mean all protocols, formulas, data, Inventions, know-how and trade secrets, patentable or otherwise, developed or invented in connection with activities under this Agreement solely by employee(s) of Merck and/or its Affiliates and/or a Third Party acting on behalf of Merck and/or its Affiliates.	
 
1.33	“Merck Know-How” shall mean all information and materials, including but not limited to discoveries, improvements, processes, methods, protocols, formulas, data, inventions (including without limitation Merck Information and Inventions), know-how and trade secrets, patentable or otherwise, which during the Term: (i) are owned or Controlled by Merck or any of its Affiliates; (ii) are not generally known; and (iii) are reasonably necessary to Samsung in the Development or Manufacturing of any Compound or Product; excluding, however, any Samsung Information and Inventions and other Samsung Know-How. For the avoidance of doubt, such information and materials shall be Merck Know-How only for so long as they meet all of the requirements set forth in clauses (i), (ii) and (iii) above.	
 
1.34	“Merck Patent Rights” shall mean Patent Rights which during the Term are owned or Controlled by Merck or any of its Affiliates, which (i) claim or cover any Compound and/or Product or (ii) claim or cover Merck Information and Inventions. For the avoidance of doubt, such Patent Rights shall be Merck Patent Rights only for so long as they are owned or Controlled by Merck or any of its Affiliates and claim or cover any Compound and/or Product or claim or cover Merck Information and Inventions.	
 
1.35	“Net Sales” shall mean the gross invoice price (not including value added taxes, sales taxes, or similar taxes) of Product sold by Merck or its Related Parties to the first Third Party after deducting, if not previously deducted, from the amount invoiced or received:	
 
 	1.35.1	trade and quantity discounts other than early payment cash discounts, which are actually made or granted;	
 
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 	1.35.2	returns, rebates, chargebacks and other allowances, which are actually made or granted;	
 
 	1.35.3	retroactive price reductions that are actually made or granted;	
 
 	1.35.4	deductions to gross invoice price of Product imposed by Regulatory Authorities or other governmental entities, which are actually made or granted; and	
 
 	1.35.5	a fixed amount equal to [* * *] of the amount invoiced (not including value added taxes, sales taxes, or similar taxes) to cover bad debt, early payment cash discounts, transportation and insurance and custom duties.	
 
1.36	“Party” shall mean Merck or Samsung, individually, and “Parties” shall mean Merck and Samsung, collectively.	
 
1.37	“Patent Rights” shall mean any and all patents and patent applications in the Territory (which for the purpose of this Agreement shall be deemed to include certificates of invention and applications for certificates of invention), including divisionals, continuations, continuations-in-part, reissues, renewals, substitutions, registrations, re-examinations, revalidations, extensions, supplementary protection certificates, pediatric exclusivity periods and the like of any such patents and patent applications, and foreign equivalents of the foregoing.	
 
1.38	“Phase I Clinical Trial” shall mean a human clinical trial of Product conducted in accordance with Good Clinical Practices in healthy volunteers and/or patients in any country, including the evaluation of similarity in pharmacokinetic profile of the Product versus the approved reference product in a head-to-head comparison.	
 
1.39	“Presentation” shall mean the particular filled and finished form of a Product (e.g., single use vial, syringe, autoinjector).	
 
1.40	“Product” shall mean any pharmaceutical preparation in final form that is comprised of, incorporates or contains any Compound (i) for sale by prescription, over-the-counter or any other method; or (ii) for administration to human patients in a clinical trial.	
 
1.41	“Product Criteria” shall mean the criteria with respect to Indications, Presentations, dosage strengths and timing for receipt of Marketing Authorization set forth with respect to each Product on Schedule 1.41.	
 
1.42	“Region” shall mean each of (i) the European Union, as a whole, (ii) the USA and its territories and possessions, as a whole and (iii) the remainder of the Territory excluding the European Union and the USA and its territories and possessions (collectively, the “ROW Region”).	
 
1.43	“Regulatory Authority” shall mean any applicable government regulatory authority involved in granting approvals for the manufacturing, marketing, reimbursement and/or pricing of a Product in the Territory.	
 
1.44	“Related Party” shall mean each of Merck, its Affiliates, and their respective sublicensees (which term does not include distributors), as applicable.	
 
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[* * *]=[CONFIDENTIAL PORTION HAS BEEN OMITTED BECAUSE IT (I) IS NOT MATERIAL AND (II) WOULD BE COMPETITIVELY HARMFUL IF PUBLICLY DISCLOSED.]

1.45	“Required M.A. Timing in EU” shall mean, with respect to each Product, the timing set forth with respect to such Product in the column headed “Required Marketing Authorization Timing in EU” on Schedule 1.41.	
 
1.46	“Required M.A. Timing in USA” shall mean, with respect to each Product, the timing set forth with respect to such Product in the column headed “Required Marketing Authorization Timing in USA” on Schedule 1.41.	
 
1.47	“Requirements” means all quantities of the Product that shall be required by Merck for distribution, marketing and sale of the Product in the Territory.	
 
1.48	“Samsung” shall have the meaning given such term in the preamble to this Agreement.	
 
1.49	“Samsung Information and Inventions” shall mean all protocols, formulas, data, Inventions, know-how and trade secrets, patentable or otherwise, developed or invented in connection with activities under this Agreement solely by employee(s) of Samsung and/or its Affiliates and/or a Third Party acting on behalf of Samsung and/or its Affiliates.	
 
1.50	“Samsung Know-How” shall mean all information and materials, including but not limited to, discoveries, improvements, processes, methods, protocols, formulas, data, inventions (including without limitation Samsung Information and Inventions), know-how and trade secrets, patentable or otherwise, which during the Term: (i) are owned or Controlled by Samsung or any of its Affiliates; (ii) are not generally known; and (iii) are reasonably necessary or useful to Merck in connection with the Commercialization of any Compound or Product in the Territory; excluding, however, any Merck Information and Inventions and other Merck Know-How. For the avoidance of doubt, such information and materials shall be Samsung Know-How only for so long as they meet all of the requirements set forth in clauses (i), (ii) and (iii) above.	
 
1.51	“Samsung Patent Rights” shall mean Patent Rights which during the Term are owned or Controlled by Samsung or any of its Affiliates, including, but not limited to, those listed on Schedule 1.51, which: (i) claim or cover any Compound and/or Product; or (ii) claim or cover Samsung Information and Inventions. For the avoidance of doubt, such Patent Rights shall be Samsung Patent Rights only for so long as they are owned or Controlled by Samsung or any of its Affiliates and claim or cover any Compound and/or Product or claim or cover Samsung Information and Inventions.	
 
1.52	“Specifications” shall mean the specifications for Compound(s) and Product(s) agreed between the Parties.	
 
1.53	“Supply Price” of each unit of a Product in a particular Presentation supplied by Samsung to Merck for sale in a Region shall mean the Target Supply Price determined under the Supply Price True-up Mechanism for such Product in such Presentation in such Region.	
 
1.54	“Supply Price True-up Mechanism” shall mean the mechanism set forth in Schedule 1.54 for the setting of the Supply Price for each Product in each of its Presentations in each Region, and the adjustment of the Supply Price for each Product in each of its Presentations in each Region, on a Calendar Year basis.	
 
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1.55	“Term” shall mean the period commencing upon the Effective Date and continuing until the expiration and/or termination of this Agreement with respect to all of the Products in all Regions pursuant to Section 10.1, 10.2, 10.3, 10.4 and/or 10.5.	
 
1.56	“Territory” shall mean the following:	
 
 	1.56.1	With respect to (i) Bevacizumab/Avastin Biosimilar, (ii) Cetuximab/Erbitux Biosimilar and (iii) Trastuzumab/Herceptin Biosimilar, all of the countries in the world, and their territories and possessions; and	
 
 	1.56.2	With respect to (i) Adalimumab/Humira Biosimilar and (ii) Infliximab/Remicade Biosimilar, all of the countries in the world, and their territories and possessions, excluding, however, the countries, territories and possessions set forth on Schedule 1.56A; provided that the countries, territories and possessions set forth on Schedule 1.56B shall be part of the Territory with respect to Adalimumab/Humira Biosimilar and Infliximab/Remicade Biosimilar commencing on July 1, 2014.	
 
1.57	“Third Party” shall mean an entity other than Merck and its Related Parties, and Samsung and its Affiliates.	
 
1.58	“Trademarks” shall mean any trademark (including but not limited to word marks, logos, slogans, domain names, and the like) under which Compounds or Products are Commercialized under this Agreement.	
ARTICLE 2 DEVELOPMENT OF COMPOUNDS AND PRODUCTS
 
2.1	General. Samsung shall use Commercially Reasonable Efforts to carry out the Development of Compounds and Products. Samsung shall be entitled to utilize the services of Third Parties to perform its Development activities; however, Samsung shall remain at all times fully liable for its responsibilities under this Agreement.	
 
2.2	Records and Reports.	
 
 	2.2.1	Records. Samsung shall maintain records, in sufficient detail and in good scientific manner appropriate for patent and regulatory purposes, which shall fully and properly reflect all work done and results achieved in the Development of Compounds and Products by Samsung.	
 
 	2.2.2	Semi-Annual Reports. No later than two (2) weeks prior to each regular semi-annual meeting of the JSC held during the Term pursuant to Section 3.4.2, Samsung shall provide to Merck a written progress report in English which shall describe the work performed to date on the Development and Manufacturing of Compounds and Products and provide such other information as may be reasonably requested by Merck relating to the Development and Manufacturing of Compounds and Products.	
 
2.3	Information and Inventions. The entire right, title and interest in:	
 
 	2.3.1	Samsung Information and Inventions shall be owned solely by Samsung; and	
 
 	2.3.2	Merck Information and Inventions shall be owned solely by Merck.	
 
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2.4	Exclusive Efforts. Throughout the Term, except for (i) the existing licensing, technical development services and manufacturing arrangements (as amended by the parties to such arrangements in good faith from time to time, with any significant amendments to be notified to Merck) under (A) the License Agreement dated February 29, 2012 between Biogen Idec Therapeutics Inc. and Samsung (the “Biogen License Agreement”), (B) the Technical Development Services Agreement dated February 29, 2012 between Samsung and Biogen Idec Therapeutics Inc., (C) the Manufacturing Agreement dated February 29, 2012 between Samsung and Biogen Idec MA Inc. (and any quality agreement, quality control testing services agreement and/or similar agreement entered into or to be entered into in relation thereto; collectively, the “Biogen Manufacturing Agreement”) and (D) the Manufacturing Agreement dated February 29, 2012 between Samsung and Samsung BioLogics Co., Ltd. (and any quality agreement, quality control testing services agreement and/or similar agreement entered into or to be entered into in relation thereto; collectively, the “Samsung Manufacturing Agreement”) and (ii) other contract manufacturing activities of Samsung BioLogics Co., Ltd. involving one or more Compounds and/or Products, Samsung shall not, and shall cause each of its Affiliates not to, Develop or Manufacture any Compound or Product for the Territory for or with any party other than Merck, or Commercialize any Compound or Product in the Territory for itself or for or with any party other than Merck. Likewise, throughout the Term, Merck shall not, and shall cause each of its Affiliates not to, Develop or Manufacture any Compound or Product for the Territory for itself or for or with any party other than Samsung, or Commercialize any Compound or Product in the Territory for or with any party other than Samsung.	
 
2.5	Compliance with Law and Ethical Business Practices.	
 
 	2.5.1	Samsung shall conduct its Development and Manufacturing activities in accordance with all applicable laws, rules and regulations, including, without limitation, all current governmental regulatory requirements concerning Good Laboratory Practices, Good Clinical Practices and current Good Manufacturing Practices. Samsung shall notify Merck in writing of any material deviations from applicable regulatory or legal requirements that could reasonably be expected to impact Merck. Samsung hereby certifies that it has not and will not employ or otherwise use in any capacity the services of any person or entity debarred under Section 21 USC 335a in performing any activities under this Agreement. Samsung shall promptly notify Merck in writing if any such debarment comes to its attention, and shall promptly remove any person or entity so debarred from performing any Development or Manufacturing activity.	
 
 	2.5.2	Samsung acknowledges that Merck’s corporate policy requires that Merck’s business must be conducted within the letter and spirit of the law, and that Merck endeavors to hold itself and its business partners to the highest ethical and compliance standards, including basic human rights, encouraging fair and equal treatment for all persons, the provision of safe and healthy working conditions, respect for the environment, the adoption of appropriate management systems and the conduct of business in an ethical manner. By signing this Agreement, Samsung agrees to conduct its Development and Manufacturing activities hereunder in a manner which is consistent with both applicable law (including without limitation the U.S. Foreign Corrupt Practices Act, to the extent applicable to such activities) and good business ethics and generally in accordance with Merck’s Code of Conduct (the current version of which is set forth at http://www.merck.com/about/how-we-operate/code-of-conduct/values.html).	
 
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 	2.5.3	Samsung acknowledges that no employee of Merck or its Affiliates shall have authority to give any direction, either written or oral, relating to the making of any commitment by Samsung or its agents to any Third Party in violation of the terms of this Section 2.5 or any other provisions of this Agreement.	
 
 	2.5.4	Samsung shall indemnify and hold Merck and its Affiliates harmless from and against any and all Liabilities that may arise by reason of the acts or omissions of Samsung or its agents or other Third Parties acting on Samsung’s behalf which would constitute a violation of this Section 2.5.	
 
2.6	Animal Research. If animals are used in research hereunder, Samsung shall comply with the Animal Welfare Act (to the extent applicable to such research by Samsung) or any other applicable local, state, national and international laws and regulations relating to the care and use of laboratory animals. Merck encourages Samsung to use the highest standards, such as those set forth in the Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals (NRC, 1996), for the humane handling, care and treatment of such research animals. Any animals which are used in the course of the Development, or products derived from those animals, such as eggs or milk, will not be used for food purposes, nor will these animals be used for commercial breeding purposes.	
ARTICLE 2A COMMERCIALIZATION OF COMPOUNDS AND PRODUCTS
 
2A.1	General. Merck shall use Commercially Reasonable Efforts to carry out the Commercialization of Compounds and Products in the Territory in accordance with an initial Commercialization plan to be prepared by Merck and provided to the JSC within [* * *] months after the Effective Date, as updated, supplemented and amended by Merck from time to time and notified to the JSC (the “Commercialization Plan”). Merck shall be entitled to utilize the services of Third Parties to perform its Commercialization activities; however, Merck shall remain at all times fully liable for its responsibilities under this Agreement.	
 
2A.2	Annual Reports. Within sixty (60) calendar days following the end of each Calendar Year during the Term, Merck shall provide to Samsung a written progress report in English which shall describe the work performed to date on the Commercialization of Compounds and Products and provide such other information as may be reasonably requested by Samsung relating to the Commercialization of Compounds or Products, including, without limitation, information on prices charged by Merck and/or its Related Parties to Third Parties, and other material pricing terms, for each Product in each of its Presentations on a country-by-country basis.	
 
2A.3	Compliance with Law and Ethical Business Practices.	
 
 	2A.3.1	Merck shall conduct its Commercialization activities (including, without limitation, the preparation of any promotional materials for Product) in accordance with (i) all applicable laws, rules and regulations, (ii) all applicable industry codes and standards and (iii) the Commercialization Plan in effect from time to time. Merck shall notify Samsung in writing of any material deviations from applicable regulatory or legal requirements that could reasonably be expected to impact Samsung. Merck hereby certifies that it has not and will not employ or otherwise use in any capacity the services of any person or entity debarred under Section 21 USC 335a in performing any activities under this Agreement. Merck shall promptly notify Samsung in writing if any such debarment comes to its attention, and shall promptly remove any person or entity so debarred from performing any Commercialization activity.	
 
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[* * *]=[CONFIDENTIAL PORTION HAS BEEN OMITTED BECAUSE IT (I) IS NOT MATERIAL AND (II) WOULD BE COMPETITIVELY HARMFUL IF PUBLICLY DISCLOSED.]

 	2A.3.2	By signing this Agreement, Merck agrees to conduct its Commercialization activities hereunder in a manner that is consistent with both applicable law (including, without limitation, the U.S. Foreign Corrupt Practices Act, to the extent applicable to such activities) and good business ethics and in accordance with Merck’s Code of Conduct (the current version of which is set forth at http://www.merck.com/about/how-we-operate/code-of-conduct/values.html).	
 
 	2A.3.3	Merck acknowledges that no employee of Samsung or its Affiliates shall have authority to give any direction, either written or oral, relating to the making of any commitment by Merck or its agents to any Third Party in violation of the terms of this Section 2A.3 or any other provisions of this Agreement.	
 
 	2A.3.4	Merck shall indemnify and hold Samsung and its Affiliates harmless from and against any and all Liabilities that may arise by reason of the acts or omissions of Merck or its agents or other Third Parties acting on Merck’s behalf which would constitute a violation of this Section 2A.3.	
ARTICLE 3 LICENSE; JOINT STEERING COMMITTEE; DEVELOPMENT; COMMERCIALIZATION
 
3.1	License Grant.	
 
 	3.1.1	Samsung hereby grants to Merck an exclusive (even as to Samsung), non-transferable license in the Territory under Samsung Patent Rights and Samsung Know-How, with the right to grant and authorize sublicenses, solely (a) to Commercialize any and all Compounds and Products in the Territory, and (b) to use, import and export any and all Compounds and Products for purposes of Commercialization in the Territory; provided, however, that with respect to Samsung Patent Rights and Samsung Know-How Controlled by Samsung or any of its Affiliates by way of a license or sublicense from a third party, the foregoing license granted to Merck pursuant to this Section 3.1.1 shall be subject to the terms of such license or sublicense.	
 
 	3.1.2	Samsung shall retain the exclusive right to Develop and (subject to Section 6.1) Manufacture any and all Compounds and Products.	
 
 	3.1.3	Merck hereby grants to Samsung an exclusive (even as to Merck), non-transferable, royalty-free license in the Territory under Merck Patent Rights and Merck Know-How, with the right to grant and authorize sublicenses to any of its Affiliates and/or to Biogen Idec MA Inc. and/or any of its Affiliates (as defined in the Biogen Manufacturing Agreement) that Manufacture any Compound or Product for or on behalf of Samsung pursuant to the Biogen Manufacturing Agreement and/or, with Merck’s written consent (which consent shall not be unreasonably withheld or delayed), to Third Parties that Manufacture any Compound or Product for or on behalf of Samsung, solely to Develop and Manufacture any and all Compounds and Products for Commercialization by Merck in the Territory; provided, however, that with respect to Merck Patent Rights and Merck Know-How Controlled by Merck or any of its Affiliates by way of a license or sublicense from a third party, the foregoing license granted to Samsung pursuant to this Section 3.1.3 shall be subject to the terms of such license or sublicense. For the avoidance of doubt, notwithstanding the royalty-free license granted to Samsung pursuant to this Section 3.1.3, royalties, license fees and other similar fees incurred or paid by Merck to any Third Party that constitute an element of “Merck Costs” under Schedule 1.54 shall be shared and borne by Merck and Samsung through the Supply Price True-up Mechanism as set forth in Schedule 1.54.	
 
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 	3.1.4	Merck shall retain the exclusive right to Commercialize any and all Compounds and Products in the Territory. The Parties acknowledge that Merck and its Affiliates may authorize sublicensees, and shall engage distributors, in each case in accordance with Merck’s and its Affiliates’ general practice, to Commercialize the Products in the Territory. Merck shall not, either itself or through or together with any of its Related Parties, engage in or carry out any Commercialization activities outside of the Territory with respect to any Compound or Product Developed and/or Manufactured by, for or on behalf of Samsung.	
 
 	3.1.5	If and only if the Parties mutually agree to Develop a Compound originating from Merck, Merck shall grant to Samsung an exclusive (even as to Merck), non-transferable license in the Territory under Merck Patent Rights and Merck Know-How, with the right to grant and authorize sublicenses, to Develop such Compound and Product containing such Compound, and to Manufacture such Compound and Product containing such Compound to the extent mutually agreed by the Parties and upon the terms and conditions set forth in a separate supply agreement entered into by the Parties. In such event, the Parties shall negotiate in good faith to enter into, concurrently with the execution of such supply agreement, an addendum to this Agreement that addresses the rights and obligations of the Parties in respect of any Information, Inventions or Patent Rights that may be developed, conceived, made, reduced to practice or obtained from or based on such Compound or any Product containing such Compound.	
 
 	3.1.6	It is understood and agreed by the Parties that, notwithstanding any other provision of this Agreement, no licenses or rights will be granted and no Information or assistance will be provided by Merck to Samsung inside or outside of the Territory, or by Samsung to Merck for or in respect of any country or region outside of the Territory, with respect to Adalimumab/Humira Biosimilar or Infliximab/Remicade Biosimilar; provided, however, that with respect to Adalimumab/Humira Biosimilar and Infliximab/Remicade Biosimilar, Merck shall (i) provide Information and assistance to Samsung for or in respect of the Territory in accordance with Article 4, Sections 2A.1, 2A.2, 2A.3.1, 3.4.2, 3.9, 5.4, 6.3, 6.4, 6.9, 6.12, 6.14, 7.3, 8.7, 9.1, 9.2, 9.3 and 11.1 and Schedule 1.54, (ii) grant licenses to Samsung in respect of, and assign to Samsung all rights, title and interests in and to, relevant Trademarks, promotional materials and other works in accordance with Section 3.7, and (iii) provide Information and assistance to an independent certified public accounting firm selected by Samsung for audit and verification purposes in accordance with Section 7.2.	
 
3.2	Non-Exclusive License Grant.	
 
 	3.2.1	In the event that the Commercialization of a Compound or Product in the Territory, or the use, import or export of a Compound or Product for purposes of Commercialization in the Territory, by Merck or its Related Parties would infringe during the Term a claim of issued letters patent which Samsung or any of its Affiliates owns or has the right to license and which patents are not covered by the grant in Section 3.1, Samsung hereby grants to Merck, to the extent Samsung or such Affiliate is legally able to do so, a non-exclusive, non-transferable, sublicensable license under such issued letters patent solely for Merck and its Related Parties to Commercialize any and all Compounds and Products in the Territory, and to use, import and export any and all Compounds and Products for purposes of Commercialization in the Territory.	

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 	3.2.2	In the event that the Development or Manufacture of a Compound or Product for the Territory by Samsung or any of its Affiliates and/or Third Parties that Manufacture any Compound or Product for or on behalf of Samsung would infringe during the Term a claim of issued letters patent which Merck or any of its Affiliates owns or has the right to license and which patents are not covered by the grant in Section 3.1, Merck hereby grants to Samsung, to the extent Merck or such Affiliate is legally able to do so, a non-exclusive, non-transferable, sublicensable (only to the Affiliates of Samsung and/or to Biogen Idec MA Inc. and/or any of its Affiliates (as defined in the Biogen Manufacturing Agreement) that Manufacture any Compound or Product for or on behalf of Samsung pursuant to the Biogen Manufacturing Agreement and, with Merck’s written consent (which consent shall not be unreasonably withheld or delayed), to Third Parties that Manufacture any Compound or Product for or on behalf of Samsung), royalty-free license under such issued letters patent solely for Samsung and its Affiliates to Develop and Manufacture any and all Compounds and Products for the Territory; provided, however, that (i) if any new or incremental royalty, license fee or similar fee would become payable to a Third Party as a result of a license granted to Samsung under this Section 3.2.2 or (ii) if (A) Merck or any of its Affiliates has an obligation to pay a royalty, license fee or similar fee under an existing license agreement with a Third Party licensor with respect to such issued letters patent but neither Merck nor any of its Affiliates actually uses such license to engage in the licensed activities and (B) Merck or such Affiliate grants a sublicense to Samsung under such Third Party license pursuant to this Section 3.2.2, such new or incremental royalty, license fee or similar fee (in the case of clause (i) above) or such royalty, license fee or similar fee that is payable by Merck or such Affiliate to the Third Party licensor in respect of the period after such sublicense is granted to Samsung (in the case of clause (ii) above) shall be borne by Samsung; provided further that in the case of clause (ii) above, if Merck or any of its Affiliates engages in any of the licensed activities after such sublicense is granted to Samsung, the foregoing royalty, license fee or similar fee payable to the Third Party licensor shall be allocated and shared between Merck and Samsung based on the method of calculating such royalty, license fee or similar fee specified in the underlying license agreement with the Third Party licensor, or in the absence of such contractual calculation method, on an equitable basis. For the avoidance of doubt, notwithstanding the royalty-free license granted to Samsung pursuant to this Section 3.2.2, royalties, license fees and other similar fees incurred or paid by Merck to any Third Party that constitute an element of “Merck Costs” under Schedule 1.54 shall be shared and borne by Merck and Samsung through the Supply Price True-up Mechanism as set forth in Schedule 1.54.	
 
3.3	No Implied Licenses. Except as specifically set forth in this Agreement, neither Party shall acquire any license or other intellectual property interest, by implication or otherwise, in any Information disclosed to it under this Agreement or under any patents or patent applications owned or Controlled by the other Party or its Affiliates.	
 
3.4	Joint Steering Committee. As soon as reasonably practicable following the Effective Date, the Parties shall establish a committee to facilitate communications between the Parties and oversee and review the Development, Manufacturing and Commercialization of Compounds and Products, as follows:	
 
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 	3.4.1	Composition of the Joint Steering Committee. The Development, Manufacturing and Commercialization of Compounds and Products shall be overseen by a joint steering committee (the “JSC”) comprised of three (3) representatives of Merck and three (3) representatives of Samsung. Each Party may change its representatives to the JSC from time to time in its sole discretion, effective upon notice to the other Party of such change. These representatives shall have appropriate technical credentials, experience and knowledge and ongoing familiarity with the Products. Additional representative(s) or consultant(s) may from time to time, by mutual consent of the Parties, be invited to attend JSC meetings, subject to such representative’s or consultant’s written agreement to comply with the requirements of Section 4.1. The position of chair of the JSC shall alternate each Calendar Year between a representative of Merck and a representative of Samsung. For the first Calendar Year during the Term, the JSC shall be chaired by a representative of Samsung. The JSC shall not have decision-making authority, and shall act only as a consultative body. Each Party shall bear its own expenses related to the attendance of such meetings by its representatives.	
 
 	3.4.2	Meetings. The JSC shall have two (2) regular semi-annual meetings in each Calendar Year, unless otherwise mutually agreed by the Parties in writing, with the location for such meetings alternating between Samsung and Merck facilities (or such other location as may be determined by the JSC). Alternatively, the JSC may meet by means of teleconference, videoconference or other similar communications equipment. The JSC shall confer regarding the status of the Development, Manufacturing and Commercialization of Compounds and Products and shall review and advise on any issues relating to the Development, Manufacturing or Commercialization of Compounds or Products or this Agreement which may be referred to the JSC. In particular, the JSC shall confer regarding the progress and details of the device development program for the Adalimumab/Humira Biosimilar and discuss potential benefits to be achieved over the devices for the reference product. In addition to the semi-annual meetings referred to above, the JSC shall meet to review the results of any Phase I Clinical Trial of Product. The JSC shall also review and discuss any updates, supplements or amendments to the Commercialization Plan. Samsung shall submit to the JSC for review and discussion such information, data and materials relating to the Development or Manufacturing of Compounds or Products hereunder as may be reasonably requested by any Merck representative to the JSC, and Merck shall submit to the JSC for review and discussion such information, data and materials relating to the Commercialization of Compounds or Products hereunder as may be reasonably requested by any Samsung representative to the JSC.	
 
3.5	Development and Manufacture. Samsung shall have sole responsibility for the Development of Compounds and Products, the Manufacturing of Compounds and Products, and all regulatory activities relating to the Development or Manufacturing of Compounds and Products, throughout the Territory. Samsung shall use Commercially Reasonable Efforts, at its own expense, to Develop and Manufacture each Product. As reasonably requested by Samsung, Merck shall provide clinical and/or regulatory input to Samsung with respect to Compound(s) or Product(s). Throughout the Territory, Samsung shall be the holder of the Marketing Authorizations for the Products; provided, however, that Merck shall be the holder of a Clone of Samsung’s Marketing Authorizations for the Products in the European Union (where applicable).	
 
3.6	Commercialization. Merck shall have sole responsibility for the Commercialization of Compounds and Products, and all regulatory activities relating to the Commercialization of Compounds and Products, throughout the Territory. Merck shall use Commercially Reasonable Efforts, at its own expense, to Commercialize each Product throughout the Territory. In connection with the Commercialization of Compounds and Products hereunder, Merck hereby undertakes to perform and comply with the following:	
 
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 	3.6.1	Ensure that each Product is sold by Merck and its Related Parties to a Third Party at a reasonable arm’s length price in each Region, and without limiting the generality of the foregoing, that the sale of a Product to a Third Party is not made by Merck or any of its Related Parties at a lower than arm’s length price for the purpose of obtaining a more favorable price or more favorable terms for another product sold by Merck or any of its Related Parties to a Third Party;	
 
 	3.6.2	Maintain records and establish procedures necessary to ensure compliance with Section 2A.3.1 hereof;	
 
 	3.6.3	Direct the sublicensees, distributors and sales representatives of Merck and its Affiliates and those Commercializing Product on Merck’s or its Affiliate’s behalf (collectively, “Sales Representatives”) to conduct their activities regarding the Products in a manner that is consistent with the applicable Product labeling and accompanying inserts, the applicable promotional materials and all applicable laws, rules and regulations;	
 
 	3.6.4	Ensure that the Sales Representatives in each country or Region (as applicable) in the Territory are properly trained with respect to any applicable: (a) regulatory guidance for industry-supported scientific and educational activities; (b) professional code on interactions with healthcare professionals; (c) standards for commercial support of continuing medical education; (d) industry guidelines on gifts to physicians; and (e) federal, state and local laws, rules and regulations governing their Commercialization activities regarding the Products; and	
 
 	3.6.5	Establish appropriate internal systems, policies and procedures for the monitoring of the Sales Representatives with the goal of ensuring that the Sales Representatives conduct their Commercialization activities regarding the Products in compliance with all applicable laws, rules and regulations, all industry codes and standards applicable to such Sales Representatives, and Merck’s Code of Conduct.	
 
3.7	Trademarks. The Trademarks under which the Products are Commercialized shall be created, developed, selected and approved by Merck. Merck shall be responsible for filing, prosecuting, registering, maintaining and protecting the Trademarks in all countries in the Territory at its own expense. Samsung recognizes that the Trademarks are trademarks of Merck and that Samsung has no right or interest in the Trademarks other than those rights explicitly granted in this Agreement. Merck shall own all copyright in any promotional materials or other works created in support of the Commercialization of the Products. Notwithstanding the foregoing, (i) upon the expiration or termination of this Agreement with respect to a Product in less than all of its Presentations and/or in less than all Regions, Merck shall promptly grant to Samsung an exclusive (even as to Merck), non-transferable, royalty-free license, with the right to grant and authorize sublicenses, to use, solely for and in support of the Commercialization of such Product in such Presentation(s) and in such Region(s) for which this Agreement has expired or been terminated, (a) the Trademarks for such Product registered or used in such Region(s) and (b) all promotional materials and other works created by, for or on behalf of, or used by, Merck or its Related Parties in support of the Commercialization of such Product in such Region(s) (which license shall remain in effect until all of Merck’s rights, title and interests in and to such Trademarks, promotional materials and other works are assigned to Samsung pursuant to clause	
 
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 	(ii) below); and (ii) upon the expiration or termination of this Agreement with respect to a Product in all of its Presentations and in all Regions, Merck shall promptly assign to Samsung for no consideration all of its rights, title and interests in and to all such Trademarks, promotional materials and other works; provided, however, that Samsung shall bear all recordation costs and other incidental expenses associated with such license or assignment. No license or assignment granted under this Section 3.7 shall include the right to use any Merck corporate name, corporate logo or other indicia of Merck’s corporate identity.	
 
3.8	Excused Performance. The obligations of the Parties with respect to a Product under Sections 3.5 and 3.6 are expressly conditioned upon the continuing absence of any material adverse condition or event affecting the safety or efficacy of such Product, and the obligation of Samsung to Develop and Manufacture or of Merck to Commercialize such Product shall be delayed or suspended so long as in such Party’s reasonable opinion any such material adverse condition or event exists. For the purpose of this Section 3.8, a “material adverse condition or event” shall mean, with respect to a particular Product in a particular Region, a condition or event implicating the safety or efficacy of such Product that is serious or unexpected to such a degree as to prevent Samsung from obtaining the necessary Marketing Authorization(s) for such Product in such Region, or after obtaining such Marketing Authorization(s), to prevent Samsung from maintaining the continuing validity of such Marketing Authorization(s), or with the passage of time, to require a material change in or to such Marketing Authorization(s).	
 
3.9	Adverse Experience Reporting.	
 
 	3.9.1	Within one hundred eighty (180) days after the Effective Date, the Parties shall discuss and execute a pharmacovigilance agreement (the “Pharmacovigilance Agreement”), which shall set forth the responsibilities of each Party with respect to pharmacovigilance matters relating to the Products, and which shall be amended from time to time to properly reflect the status of the marketing and sale of the Products and the relevant pharmacovigilance regulations of each Region and/or country in the Territory.	
 
 	3.9.2	Samsung shall establish and maintain all necessary pharmacovigilance requirements for the Products in full compliance with all applicable laws and requirements of the Regulatory Authorities in the Territory. Merck shall establish and maintain appropriate pharmacovigilance systems to fulfill its responsibilities under the Pharmacovigilance Agreement. For the European Union, where Merck shall be the holder of a Clone of Samsung’s Marketing Authorizations for the Products, the Parties shall outline in the Pharmacovigilance Agreement their respective responsibilities for reporting in accordance with all applicable laws and requirements of the EMA.	
 
 	3.9.3	Throughout the Term, Merck shall notify Samsung in English within the timelines set forth in the Pharmacovigilance Agreement of all relevant safety data, including, without limitation, any adverse experience (which term, as used in this Agreement, shall have the meaning ascribed to it in the Pharmacovigilance Agreement), which it obtains during or in connection with the performance of its obligations under this Agreement. Merck and Samsung agree that the timelines set forth in the Pharmacovigilance Agreement for the reporting of adverse experiences by Merck and Samsung shall be in accordance with all applicable regulatory requirements, which in the USA as of the Effective Date include a requirement that adverse experiences be reported within a maximum of five (5) calendar days.	
 
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 	3.9.4	Merck’s responsibilities for the Products shall include: (i) notifying Samsung in writing by secure e-mail or facsimile of any information concerning safety data within the timelines set forth in the Pharmacovigilance Agreement; (ii) with respect to any adverse experience report that is initially made to or received by Merck, obtaining follow-up information thereon and forwarding same to Samsung in writing by secure e-mail or facsimile within the same timelines as for the initial information; (iii) executing risk management plans established by Samsung in the Territory; (iv) executing safety signal communication activities to healthcare practitioners in the Territory; and (v) providing reasonable assistance to Samsung in making regulatory and safety contacts with, and producing and submitting post-marketing periodic safety update reports to, the Regulatory Authorities in the Territory.	
 
 	3.9.5	Samsung’s responsibilities for the Products shall include: (i) receiving and processing all post-marketing spontaneous adverse experience reports that originate in the Territory with respect to the Products, which reports shall be processed in accordance with Samsung’s Standard Operating Procedures for adverse experience reporting; (ii) with respect to any adverse experience (as defined in the Pharmacovigilance Agreement) report that is initially made to or received by Samsung, obtaining follow-up information thereon (with the understanding that if any follow-up information is received by Merck, it shall be forwarded to Samsung within the same timelines as for the initial information); (iii) making regulatory and safety contacts with the Regulatory Authorities in the Territory as the holder of the relevant Marketing Authorization; (iv) producing and submitting post-marketing periodic safety update reports to the Regulatory Authorities in the Territory as required by applicable laws and regulations; and (v) contacting Merck in the Territory, including prompt communication to Merck of a significant new safety signal with respect to the Products.	
 
 	3.9.6	Samsung’s responsibilities for the Products shall also include: (i) owning and holding the global safety database; (ii) performing ongoing safety signal detection; (iii) establishing and maintaining risk management plans, if applicable; and (iv) establishing Territory-named pharmacovigilance contacts as required by applicable laws and regulations. Samsung shall have the right, upon reasonable (at least thirty (30) days) prior written notice, to periodically audit Merck’s relevant Product-related pharmacovigilance activities to monitor compliance with Merck’s obligations as set forth in this Section 3.9. Merck shall, within a reasonable time, reply to Samsung’s request for such audit. Such audit shall be reasonable in scope and take place during normal business hours. Samsung shall not routinely request an audit more than once every two (2) years, except where there is a reasonable basis for Samsung to suspect that Merck has failed or is failing to comply with its obligations under this Section 3.9.	
 
 	3.9.7	The Parties shall notify each other in writing promptly following the Effective Date of the names and contact information of their respective employees or agents who are responsible for adverse experience reporting.	
 
3.10	Alliance Managers.	
 
 	3.10.1	Appointment. Each Party shall appoint an employee who shall oversee interactions between the Parties for all matters related to this Agreement (each an “Alliance Manager”). Such persons shall endeavor to ensure clear and responsive communication between the Parties and the effective exchange of information, and may serve as a single point of contact for any matters arising under this Agreement. The Alliance Managers	
 
17

 	shall have the right to attend all JSC meetings as non-voting participants and may bring to the attention of the JSC any matters or issues either of them reasonably believes should be discussed, and shall have such other responsibilities as the Parties may mutually agree in writing. Each Party may change its Alliance Manager by notice in writing to the other Party.	
 
 	3.10.2	Responsibilities of the Alliance Managers. The Alliance Managers shall have the responsibility of creating and maintaining a constructive work environment between the Parties. Without limiting the generality of the foregoing, each Alliance Manager shall:	
 
 	(a)	identify and bring disputes and issues that may result in disputes (including without limitation any asserted occurrence of a material breach by a Party) to the attention of the JSC in a timely manner, and function as the point of first referral in all matters of conflict resolution;	
 
 	(b)	provide a single point of communication for seeking consensus both internally within the Parties’ respective organizations and between the Parties;	
 
 	(c)	plan and coordinate cooperative efforts, internal communications and external communications between the Parties with respect to this Agreement; and	
 
 	(d)	take responsibility for ensuring that meetings and the production of meeting agendas and minutes occur as set forth in this Agreement, and that relevant action items resulting from such meetings are appropriately carried out or otherwise addressed.	
ARTICLE 4 CONFIDENTIALITY AND PUBLICATION
 
4.1	Nondisclosure Obligation. All Information disclosed or made available by one Party to the other Party hereunder (including, for the avoidance of doubt, (i) all Information disclosed or made available by Samsung to Merck to enable Merck to obtain and maintain a Clone, (ii) all Information disclosed or made available by Samsung to Merck or otherwise acquired by Merck in connection with the inspection and audit of any Manufacturing facility pursuant to Section 6.10, (iii) all Information provided or made available by Samsung to Merck pursuant to Section 8.3, and (iv) all Information provided or made available by a Party to the other or exchanged between the Parties pursuant to Section 9.1, 9.2 or 9.3) shall be maintained in confidence by the receiving Party and shall not be disclosed to any of its Affiliates or any Third Party or used for any purpose except as set forth herein without the prior written consent of the disclosing Party, except to the extent that such Information:	
 
 	4.1.1	is known by the receiving Party at the time of its receipt, and not through a prior disclosure by the disclosing Party, as documented by the receiving Party’s business records;	
 
 	4.1.2	is in the public domain by use and/or publication before its receipt from the disclosing Party, or thereafter enters the public domain through no fault of the receiving Party;	
 
 	4.1.3	is subsequently disclosed to the receiving Party by a Third Party who may lawfully do so and is not under an obligation of confidentiality to the disclosing Party;	
 
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 	4.1.4	is developed by the receiving Party independently of Information received from the disclosing Party, as documented by the receiving Party’s business records;	
 
 	4.1.5	is disclosed to governmental or other regulatory agencies in order to obtain patents or to gain or maintain approval to conduct clinical trials or to market Product, but such disclosure may be only to the extent reasonably necessary to obtain patents or authorizations;	
 
 	4.1.6	is reasonably deemed necessary by Samsung to be disclosed to its Affiliates, its and such Affiliates’ respective directors, officers and employees, and any agent(s), consultant(s) and/or other Third Parties for any and all purposes Samsung deems necessary or advisable in connection with the Development or Manufacture of any Compound or Product, on the condition that each such Affiliate, director, officer, employee and Third Party agrees to be bound by confidentiality and non-use obligations that substantially are no less stringent than those confidentiality and non-use provisions contained in this Agreement; provided, however, that the term of confidentiality for such Affiliates, directors, officers, employees and Third Parties shall be no less than ten (10) years;	
 
 	4.1.7	is reasonably deemed necessary by Merck to be disclosed to its Related Parties, its and such Related Parties’ respective directors, officers and employees, and any agent(s), consultant(s) and/or other Third Parties for any and all purposes Merck deems necessary or advisable in connection with the Commercialization of any Compound or Product, on the condition that each such Related Party, director, officer, employee and Third Party agrees to be bound by confidentiality and non-use obligations that substantially are no less stringent than those confidentiality and non-use provisions contained in this Agreement; provided, however, that the term of confidentiality for such Related Parties, directors, officers, employees and Third Parties shall be no less than ten (10) years;	
 
 	4.1.8	is reasonably deemed necessary by counsel to the receiving Party to be disclosed to such Party’s attorneys, independent accountants or financial advisors for the sole purpose of enabling such attorneys, independent accountants or financial advisors to provide advice to the receiving Party, on the condition that such attorneys, independent accountants and financial advisors agree to be bound by the confidentiality and non-use obligations contained in this Agreement; provided, however, that the term of confidentiality for such attorneys, independent accountants and financial advisors shall be no less than [* * *] years; or	
 
 	4.1.9	is required to be disclosed in order for the receiving Party to exercise or enforce its rights under this Agreement.	
Any combination of features or disclosures shall not be deemed to fall within the foregoing exclusions merely because individual features are published or available to the general public or in the rightful possession of the receiving Party unless the combination itself and principle of operation are published or available to the general public or in the rightful possession of the receiving Party.
If a Party is required by law, court order or judgment or judicial or administrative process to disclose Information that is subject to the non-disclosure provisions of this Section 4.1 or Section 4.3, such Party shall promptly inform the other Party of the disclosure that is being sought in order to provide the other Party an opportunity to challenge or limit the disclosure obligations. Information that is disclosed pursuant to law, court order or judgment or judicial or administrative
 
19
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process shall remain otherwise subject to the confidentiality and non-use provisions of this Section 4.1 and Section 4.3, and the Party disclosing Information pursuant to law, court order or judgment or judicial or administrative process shall take all steps reasonably necessary, including without limitation obtaining an order of confidentiality (if available), to ensure the continued confidential treatment of such Information.
 
4.2	Publication. Merck acknowledges Samsung’s interest in publishing the results of its research and development in order to obtain recognition within the scientific community and to advance the state of scientific knowledge. Each Party also recognizes the mutual interest in obtaining valid patent protection and in protecting business interests and trade secret information. Consequently, except for disclosures permitted pursuant to Section 4.1, either Party, its Affiliates, or their respective employee(s) or consultant(s) wishing to make a publication relating to a Compound or Product shall deliver to the other Party a copy of the proposed written publication or an outline of an oral disclosure at least sixty (60) calendar days prior to submission for publication or presentation. The reviewing Party shall have the right (a) to propose modifications to the publication or presentation for patent reasons, trade secret reasons or business reasons or (b) to request a reasonable delay in publication or presentation in order to protect patentable information. If the reviewing Party requests a delay, the publishing Party shall delay submission or presentation for a period of up to ninety (90) calendar days as necessary to enable patent applications to be filed in accordance with Article 9, if applicable. Upon expiration of such ninety (90) calendar days, the publishing Party shall be free to proceed with the publication or presentation. If the reviewing Party requests modifications to the publication or presentation, the publishing Party shall edit such publication or presentation by reflecting such requested modifications to the extent reasonably necessary to prevent disclosure of trade secret or proprietary business information prior to submission for publication or presentation.	
 
4.3	Publicity/Use of Names. No disclosure of the existence, or the terms, of this Agreement may be made by either Party, and no Party shall use the name, trademark, trade name or logo of the other Party, its Affiliates or their respective employee(s) in any publicity, promotion, news release or disclosure relating to this Agreement or its subject matter, without the prior express written permission of the other Party, except as may be required by law, court order or judgment or judicial or administrative process, or except to the extent reasonably necessary for a Party to exercise or enforce its rights under this Agreement. In the event a Party is required to file a copy of this Agreement with a Regulatory Authority or any other governmental authority or agency, (i) such Party shall redact the list of Biosimilars set forth in Section 1.14 (definition of “Compound”) and other commercially sensitive information from such copy to the extent permitted under applicable law and (ii) such Party shall provide the other Party with an advance draft of the redacted form of this Agreement that the disclosing Party proposes to file, with not less than thirty (30) days for review, and shall incorporate the non-disclosing Party’s comments to the extent additional or other redactions requested by the non-disclosing Party are permitted, and may reasonably be afforded confidential treatment, under applicable law and such authority or agency’s then-current practice.	
ARTICLE 5 PAYMENTS FOR LICENSES GRANTED TO MERCK; TAX
 
5.1	Payments for Licenses Granted to Merck. In consideration for the exclusive license granted to Merck under Section 3.1.1 and any non-exclusive license that may be granted to Merck under Section 3.2.1, upon the terms and conditions contained herein, Merck shall pay to Samsung the milestone license fees set forth in Section 5.2 below.	
 
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5.2	Payment Schedule. Subject to the terms and conditions of this Agreement, Merck shall pay to Samsung the following milestone license fees for each Product meeting the applicable Product Criteria (except the payment pursuant to Section 5.2.1, which payment shall be made only once in respect of all Products); provided, however, that (i) the payments pursuant to Sections 5.2.1 and 5.2.2 shall be made regardless of whether any Product Criteria are met, (ii) the payment pursuant to Section 5.2.3 shall be made regardless of whether the relevant Product meets the Required M.A. Timing in EU, and (iii) the payment pursuant to Section 5.2.4 shall be made regardless of whether the relevant Product meets the Required M.A. Timing in USA:	
 
 	5.2.1	Within ten (10) Business Days after the Effective Date: [* * *];	
 
 	5.2.2	Within thirty (30) calendar days after the first successful completion in the USA or EU of a Phase I Clinical Trial of such Product that demonstrates the required similarity in pharmacokinetic profile of such Product to the approved reference product with respect to all primary endpoint(s) accepted by the applicable Regulatory Authority, where “successful completion” referred to above shall mean the receipt by Samsung of written communication (including by facsimile or electronic transmission) from the applicable Regulatory Authority, following a meeting between Samsung and such Regulatory Authority to review the results of such Phase I Clinical Trial, which written communication does not require or request that Samsung either repeat its Phase I Clinical Trial of such Product or halt its clinical trials of such Product: [* * *];	
 
 	5.2.3	Within thirty (30) calendar days after the receipt of the first Marketing Authorization from the FDA for such Product: [* * *]; provided that Merck may delay making this milestone payment until Samsung has supplied to Merck all quantities of such Product, meeting all of the requirements set forth in Section 6.1, which (i) are required under the terms of Article 6 to be supplied to Merck prior to the date of receipt of such Marketing Authorization and (ii) may be supplied by Samsung to Merck prior to the date of receipt of such Marketing Authorization without infringing any Third Party Patent Rights relating to the relevant reference product (provided that to the extent such Product was not supplied to Merck by the date of receipt of such Marketing Authorization due to the existence of such Third Party Patent Rights, Samsung shall use Commercially Reasonable Efforts to supply to Merck as soon as practicable following the expiration of such Third Party Patent Rights all quantities of such Product that were required under the terms of Article 6 to be supplied to Merck prior to the date of receipt of such Marketing Authorization); and	
 
 	5.2.4	Within thirty (30) calendar days after the receipt of the first Marketing Authorization from the EMA for such Product (excluding Adalimumab/Humira Biosimilar and Infliximab/Remicade Biosimilar): [* * *]; provided that Merck may delay making this milestone payment until Samsung has supplied to Merck all quantities of such Product, meeting all of the requirements set forth in Section 6.1, which (i) are required under the terms of Article 6 to be supplied to Merck prior to the date of receipt of such Marketing Authorization and (ii) may be supplied by Samsung to Merck prior to the date of receipt of such Marketing Authorization without infringing any Third Party Patent Rights relating to the relevant reference product (provided that to the extent such Product was not supplied to Merck by the date of receipt of such Marketing Authorization due to the existence of such Third Party Patent Rights, Samsung shall use Commercially Reasonable Efforts to supply to Merck as soon as practicable following the expiration of such Third Party Patent Rights all quantities of such Product that were required under the terms of Article 6 to be supplied to Merck prior to the date of receipt of such Marketing Authorization).	
 
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Each of the above milestone license fees (other than the amount set forth in Section 5.2.1) shall be payable only once under this Agreement for each Compound upon the Product incorporating or containing such Compound first achieving the relevant milestone. No amounts shall be due under this Agreement for subsequent or repeated achievements of any milestone by a Product incorporating or containing the same Compound for which the relevant milestone license fee has already been paid. Each of the milestone license fees due under this Section 5.2 shall be non-refundable, regardless of whether and to what extent the Parties are successful in Developing, Manufacturing and Commercializing the applicable Compound or Product.
In the event that a Product does not meet all of the applicable Product Criteria, Merck may, at its sole discretion, choose nonetheless to pay the applicable milestone license fee. Such waiver by Merck of the requirement to meet all of the Product Criteria in connection with such milestone license fee shall not constitute a waiver of the requirement to meet all of the Product Criteria in connection with a subsequent milestone license fee payable for such Product.
 
5.3	Payments. All payments to be made by Merck to Samsung under this Agreement shall be made in United States dollars and shall be paid by bank wire transfer in immediately available funds to a bank account designated in writing by Samsung from time to time.	
 
5.4	Income Tax Withholding. Samsung shall be liable for all income and other taxes (“Taxes”) imposed upon the milestone license fees paid by Merck to Samsung under this Article 5. If applicable laws, rules or regulations require the withholding of taxes, Merck shall make such withholding and subtract the amount thereof from the milestone license fees. Merck shall submit to Samsung appropriate proof of payment of the withheld Taxes as well as the official receipts within a reasonable period of time. Merck shall provide Samsung reasonable assistance in order to allow Samsung to obtain the benefit of any present or future treaty against double taxation which may apply to the milestone license fees.	
ARTICLE 6 MANUFACTURE AND SUPPLY; QUALITY
 
6.1	Manufacture and Supply of Compounds and Products. Except to the extent otherwise expressly agreed by the Parties in writing, Samsung shall be responsible for the Manufacture (itself or through one or more Affiliates or Third Parties) and supply of Merck’s Requirements of Products for Commercialization in the Territory. Such Products shall, in each case, meet the Specifications, cGMPs and all applicable laws and regulations in the Territory.	
 
6.2	Supply of Merck’s Requirements. Subject to the terms and conditions hereof, Samsung shall supply to Merck, and Merck shall purchase from Samsung, Merck’s Requirements of Product. The Parties acknowledge that Merck intends to build and maintain for Launch an inventory of [* * *] of the expected Requirements of each Product, as estimated in good faith to be needed at the time of Launch of such Product.	
 
6.3	Forecasts.	
 
 	6.3.1	No later than thirty (30) days after submission of the first application for Marketing Authorization for any Product, Merck shall provide Samsung with an initial forecast of Merck’s Requirements of Products for Commercialization in the Territory for each of the succeeding [* * *] Calendar Quarters. Thereafter, on or before the tenth day of January, April, July and October of each year during the Term, Merck shall provide Samsung with a rolling forecast of Merck’s Requirements of Products for each of the succeeding [* * *] (each such initial and subsequent forecast being referred to herein as a “Rolling Forecast”).	
 
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 	6.3.2	The first [* * *] Calendar Quarters of each Rolling Forecast shall include a binding forecast of the total quantity of bulk drug substance (“Bulk Drug Substance”) for each Product (in kilograms or other relevant measure) that will be required for such [* * *] Calendar Quarters (each, a “Binding Forecast for Bulk Drug Substance”). The Parties agree that, subject to Sections 6.3.5 and 6.3.6, such Binding Forecast for Bulk Drug Substance shall be binding on the Parties in each of the four (4) Calendar Quarters and shall represent a binding commitment for Samsung to supply to Merck, and for Merck to pay for, the corresponding quantities of Products (that can be Manufactured using the forecasted quantities of Bulk Drug Substances) in each such Calendar Quarter. The forecast for the last [* * *] Calendar Quarters of each Rolling Forecast (the first of such four Calendar Quarters being referred to herein as the “Semi-Binding Calendar Quarter”), which constitutes a non-binding forecast, shall include Merck’s good faith estimates of its Requirements of Bulk Drug Substances for Products (by Product) for each of such [* * *] Calendar Quarters; provided, however, that in the next Rolling Forecast provided by Merck, the quantity of Bulk Drug Substance for each Product forecasted for the Semi-Binding Calendar Quarter, which as of such next Rolling Forecast shall become part of a Binding Forecast for Bulk Drug Substance (i.e., as the fourth Calendar Quarter of such Binding Forecast for Bulk Drug Substance), shall not exceed [* * *] or be less than [* * *] of the quantity of Bulk Drug Substance for such Product forecasted for such Semi-Binding Calendar Quarter in the immediately preceding Rolling Forecast for Bulk Drug Substance (i.e., as the fifth Calendar Quarter of such preceding Rolling Forecast).	
 
 	6.3.3	Likewise, each Rolling Forecast shall include a binding forecast of the total quantity of each of the Required Presentations (as defined in the Product Criteria and as set forth in more detail in Section 6.3.3(a) below) for each Product and a binding forecast of the total quantity of each specific-market-labeled stock keeping unit of each of the Required Presentations for each Product as follows:	
 
 	(a)	The first [* * *] of each Rolling Forecast shall include a binding forecast of the total quantity of each of the Required Presentations for each Product (in units) that will be required for such [* * *] (each, a “Binding Forecast for Primary-Packaged Presentations”):	
 
 	(i)	[* * *];	
 
 	(ii)	[* * *];	
 
 	(iii)	[* * *];	
 
 	(iv)	[* * *];	
 
 	(v)	[* * *];	
 
 	(vi)	[* * *];	
 
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 	(vii)	[* * *];	
 
 	(viii)	[* * *];	
 
 	(ix)	[* * *];	
 
 	(x)	[* * *]; and	
 
 	(xi)	[* * *].	
 
 	(b)	Moreover, the [* * *] of each Rolling Forecast shall include a binding forecast of the total quantity of each specific-market-labeled stock keeping unit (SKU) of each of the Required Presentations for each Product (in units) that will be required for such Calendar Quarter (each, a “Binding Forecast for Secondary-Packaged Presentations,” and together with Binding Forecasts for Bulk Drug Substance and Binding Forecasts for Primary-Packaged Presentations, each referred to herein as a “Binding Forecast”).	
 
 	(c)	Each Binding Forecast for Primary-Packaged Presentations for each Calendar Quarter shall be based on and consistent, in terms of Manufacture and release cycle times (as communicated by Samsung through the D&OP Team), with the Binding Forecast for Bulk Drug Substance for the applicable Calendar Quarter. Each Binding Forecast for Secondary-Packaged Presentations for each Calendar Quarter shall be based on and similarly consistent with the Binding Forecast for Bulk Drug Substance for the applicable Calendar Quarter and the Binding Forecast for Primary-Packaged Presentations for the applicable Calendar Quarter.	
 
 	(d)	The Parties agree that, subject to Sections 6.3.5 and 6.3.6, each such Binding Forecast for Primary-PackagedPresentations and Binding Forecast for Secondary-Packaged Presentations shall be binding on the Parties and shall represent a binding commitment for Samsung to supply to Merck, and for Merck to pay for, the corresponding forecasted quantities of Products in the applicable Calendar Quarter.	
 
 	6.3.4	Samsung shall promptly, but in no event later than fourteen (14) calendar days from receipt of each Rolling Forecast, notify Merck if it anticipates that it will be unable to meet any portion of any of the forecasted Requirements, in which case the Parties shall negotiate in good faith to make necessary adjustments to the forecasted Requirements in order to accommodate Samsung’s concerns or requests to the extent reasonably possible, while still meeting Merck’s Requirements specified in the relevant Binding Forecast (except to the extent adjusted by mutual agreement of the Parties).	
 
 	6.3.5	Should Merck need to cancel or defer the Manufacturing of any quantity of Bulk Drug Substance or Product (the “Cancelled or Deferred Quantity”) covered by a Binding Forecast for Bulk Drug Substance, a Binding Forecast for Primary-Packaged Presentations or a Binding Forecast for Secondary-Packaged Presentations (the “Affected Binding Forecast”) for any reason, Merck shall promptly notify Samsung in writing (each, a “Cancellation or Deferral Notice”). In such event, the Parties shall exercise Commercially Reasonable Efforts to mitigate any Operational Costs (as defined below) associated with such cancellation or deferral. “Operational Costs” shall include (i) the	
 
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[* * *]=[CONFIDENTIAL PORTION HAS BEEN OMITTED BECAUSE IT (I) IS NOT MATERIAL AND (II) WOULD BE COMPETITIVELY HARMFUL IF PUBLICLY DISCLOSED.]

 	costs of any raw materials, resins or other consumables which Samsung is not able to use for scheduled Manufacturing, whether for Merck, for Samsung or for any Third Party, as well as (ii) the other costs included in “Samsung Costs” as defined in Schedule 1.54 (excluding, however, royalties and license fees and personnel-related expenses of Commercialization support departments) that Samsung is unable to mitigate or avoid through the exercise of Commercially Reasonable Efforts. To the extent Samsung is able to utilize its own Manufacturing facility either for itself or its Affiliate or for any Third Party in the timeframe in which such facility would have been used to Manufacture the Cancelled or Deferred Quantity for Merck, Merck shall not be liable for Operational Costs related to such Cancelled or Deferred Quantity. If the Manufacturing of the Cancelled or Deferred Quantity was to be performed by a Third Party Manufacturer, and Samsung is able to cancel or defer the Manufacturing of such Cancelled or Deferred Quantity without paying for such Cancelled or Deferred Quantity and without paying any cancellation, deferral or similar fees, Merck shall not be liable to Samsung for any Operational Costs with respect thereto. If Merck pays for raw materials, resins or other consumables as part of Operational Costs, Merck may elect to have such materials sent to a Merck facility at Merck’s expense.	
 
 	6.3.6	If the Manufacturing of the Cancelled or Deferred Quantity has already taken place (as further described in the third sentence of this Section 6.3.6) when the relevant Cancellation or Deferral Notice is given to Samsung or is to take place (as further described in the third sentence of this Section 6.3.6) within the next twelve (12) months after such notice is given to Samsung, Merck shall pay to Samsung [* * *] of Samsung’s Operational Costs associated with such cancellation or deferral. If the Manufacturing of the Cancelled or Deferred Quantity is to take place (as further described in the third sentence of this Section 6.3.6) more than twelve (12) months after the relevant Cancellation or Deferral Notice is given to Samsung, Merck shall not be liable to Samsung for any Operational Costs with respect to such cancellation or deferral. For the purpose of this Section 6.3.6, the Manufacturing of the Cancelled or Deferred Quantity shall be deemed to have taken place or to take place (as the case may be) at the following point in time: (a) if such Cancelled or Deferred Quantity is of Bulk Drug Substance, four (4) months before the last day of the Calendar Quarter for which such Cancelled or Deferred Quantity of Bulk Drug Substance was originally forecasted in the Affected Binding Forecast; and (b) if such Cancelled or Deferred Quantity is of a Product (whether in Primary-Packaged Presentations or in Secondary-Packaged Presentations), six (6) months before the last day of the Calendar Quarter for which such Cancelled or Deferred Quantity of Product was originally forecasted in the Affected Binding Forecast. Notwithstanding the foregoing, if Merck does not cancel the Manufacturing of a Bulk Drug Substance batch covered by a Binding Forecast for Bulk Drug Substance, but merely defers the Manufacturing of such Bulk Drug Substance batch to the Calendar Quarter immediately following the Calendar Quarter for which such Bulk Drug Substance batch was originally forecasted in such Binding Forecast for Bulk Drug Substance, Merck shall not be liable to Samsung for any Operational Costs with respect to such deferral; provided, however, that if such deferral is made more than twice in any Calendar Year, the foregoing sentence shall apply only to the first two (2) deferrals, and not to any additional deferral(s) that may be made in such Calendar Year. For the avoidance of doubt, under and for the purpose of the Supply Price True-up Mechanism, (i) no Cancelled or Deferred Quantity shall be included in determining “Supply Volume” and (ii) no Operational Costs paid by Merck to Samsung pursuant to Section 6.3.5 and this Section 6.3.6 shall be reflected or taken into account in determining “Samsung Costs” or “Merck Costs.”	
 
25
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 	6.3.7	On or before the end of the [* * *] of each Calendar Year during the Term, Merck shall provide Samsung with a written forecast (each, a “Long Range Forecast”) of its estimated annual Requirements for the Products for the next succeeding [* * *] Calendar Years (covering the Calendar Year in which the forecast is delivered and the next succeeding [* * *] Calendar Years), which forecast, to the extent reasonably practicable, shall be broken down by Product. The Long Range Forecast shall be non-binding. If at any time the Long Range Forecast reasonably suggests any problems in relation to Samsung’s Manufacturing capacity, the Parties shall discuss in good faith how to address the potential shortage.	
 
 	6.3.8	The Parties shall establish a Demand and Operations Planning Team (the “D&OP Team”). The D&OP Team shall act in a review capacity only, with no separate approval rights, and shall advise the Parties and the JSC on the management and resolution of commercial supply issues between the Parties. The D&OP Team shall be comprised of the same number of representatives from each Party, as determined by the JSC. No later than thirty (30) days after the Filing of the first BLA for the first Product, each Party shall identify a team coordinator from such Party to co-lead the D&OP Team. Such team coordinators shall mutually determine when the first meeting of the D&OP Team will occur, and thereafter, the D&OP Team shall meet on a periodic basis as determined by the D&OP Team coordinators, along with other appropriate members designated by the Parties, by videoconference or teleconference. The D&OP Team shall meet to review the following topics: (i) demand forecasting, supply plan and Product ordering (including supply collars) and quality obligations; (ii) specific delivery dates with respect to Products and the quality of Bulk Drug Substance and Products; (iii) Manufacturing capacity and Manufacture and release cycle times for Bulk Drug Substance and Products, along with any identified or projected shortages of Bulk Drug Substance or Product; (iv) applicable timelines with respect to regulatory requirements and dating for Products; and (v) establishment of joint key performance indicators to measure the effectiveness of forecasts and delivery performance. The D&OP Team shall review annually the Long Range Forecast, report to the JSC any projected capacity shortages that could impact supply and engage in pre-planning activities to mitigate the impact of possible supply failure as described in Section 6.6. The D&OP Team shall also undertake capacity assessments and other actions to review supply, demand and production as assigned by the JSC and notify the JSC of any material issues impacting supply.	
 
6.4	Purchase Orders. At the time the initial Binding Forecast for Secondary-Packaged Presentations is provided to Samsung pursuant to Section 6.3, Merck shall issue to Samsung a written binding purchase order for the quantity of each SKU of each Product indicated in such initial Binding Forecast for Secondary-Packaged Presentations. With each subsequent Binding Forecast for Secondary-Packaged Presentations, Merck shall issue to Samsung a written binding purchase order for the quantity of each SKU of each Product indicated for the new Calendar Quarter covered by such Binding Forecast for Secondary-Packaged Presentations that was not covered by the previous Binding Forecast for Secondary-Packaged Presentations. The requested dates of delivery of the Products specified in each purchase order shall be at least [* * *] calendar days after the date of issuance of such purchase order to Samsung. Within fourteen (14) calendar days of receipt of a purchase order, Samsung shall deliver to Merck a written confirmation of such order. Upon receipt by Merck of Samsung’s confirmation, Merck shall be obligated to buy, and Samsung shall be obligated to sell, the quantities of the Products set forth in the purchase order by the requested delivery dates set forth in such purchase order. If Merck fails to buy any quantity of Product set forth in a purchase order by the requested delivery date set forth in such purchase order, (i) Merck shall pay to Samsung one hundred percent (100%) of Samsung’s	
 
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 	Operational Costs associated with such quantity of Product, and (ii) under and for the purpose of the Supply Price True-up Mechanism, (A) such quantity of Product shall not be included in determining “Supply Volume” and (B) no Operational Costs paid by Merck to Samsung pursuant to this Section 6.4 shall be reflected or taken into account in determining “Samsung Costs” or “Merck Costs.”	
 
6.5	Expiration Dating at Time of Shipment. The Parties agree that it is in their mutual interest to achieve the same shelf life for each Product as its respective reference product may have. In any event, the Parties shall achieve [* * *] shelf life for each Product at the time of Launch and shall use Commercially Reasonable Efforts to extend the shelf life to the same shelf life as its reference product as soon thereafter as possible; provided that a failure to extend such shelf life for one or more Products, standing alone, shall not constitute a material breach by either Party of its obligations hereunder for the purpose of Section 10.3.1. Unless the Parties agree otherwise in writing, the shelf life of each Product shall be determined from the date of final sterile filtration of the formulated Compound and shall be based on the approved shelf life of the Product.	
 
 	6.5.1	If a Product is approved with a [* * *] month shelf life, Samsung shall be obligated to deliver the Product to Merck within [* * *] calendar days of completion of filling such Product. The Parties acknowledge that, due to processing, quality testing and/or release timing requirements for the Product, Samsung may, on occasion, be unable to deliver the Product within such [* * *] calendar day period despite the exercise of Commercially Reasonable Efforts to do so, in which case such inability shall not, standing alone, constitute a breach of this Agreement.	
 
 	6.5.2	During any period when a Product is approved by the Regulatory Authorities to be labeled with a shelf life of less than [* * *] months, Samsung shall use Commercially Reasonable Efforts to deliver the Product to Merck within [* * *] calendar days from the completion of the final sterile filtration. Merck may, in its sole discretion, accept such Product after the [* * *]-day deadline on a case-by-case basis. A failure to comply with the [* * *]-day deadline shall not, standing alone, constitute a breach of this Agreement.	
 
 	6.5.3	Upon request from Merck, Samsung shall deliver a Product to Merck which has not been released, subject to such Product being held under quarantine in accordance with procedures which have been mutually agreed upon by the Parties in advance of the first such delivery. Merck shall indemnify, defend and hold Samsung, its Affiliates and its and such Affiliates’ respective directors, officers, employees and agents harmless from and against any and all Liabilities that may arise from or by reason of the sale, distribution or use of such Product outside of the agreed procedures by Merck, any of its Related Parties or any Third Party.	
 
6.6	Inability to Supply.	
 
 	6.6.1	In the event that Samsung indicates in either its notice pursuant to Section 6.3.4, or its confirmation pursuant to Section 6.4, that it has reason to believe that it will be unable to supply Merck, by the delivery dates on the purchase order, with the full quantity of a Product forecasted to be ordered or actually ordered by Merck, as the case may be (an “Anticipated Supply Shortfall”), then the Parties shall promptly establish a Joint Manufacturing Committee to consider solutions, including without limitation the following: (i) increasing the length/frequency of the Manufacturing campaign at the facility where the relevant Compound or Product is Manufactured; (ii) utilizing any capacity at the facility where the relevant Compound or Product is Manufactured which	
 
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 	is then committed to the Manufacture of other products during the applicable period to Manufacture an additional quantity of such Compound or Product, as applicable, to remedy the Anticipated Supply Shortfall; and/or (iii) dedicating or acquiring additional capacity, at Samsung’s sole expense, for the Manufacture of the relevant Compound or Product, as applicable, until the Anticipated Supply Shortfall has been remedied.	
 
 	6.6.2	If the Anticipated Supply Shortfall is for a Product that is distributed by both Merck and Samsung (directly or through Third Parties), Samsung’s available supplies of such Product shall be allocated proportionately between Samsung and Merck in accordance with Samsung’s forecasted demand for countries outside the Territory and Merck’s forecasted demand for the Territory. Samsung shall prepare its forecasts in good faith. Such forecasts shall cover at least the same time periods as the Rolling Forecasts Merck is required to provide under Section 6.3 and shall be prepared on a comparable schedule as Merck’s. Samsung shall keep a record of its forecasts for purposes of any audit which may be required. In the event a shortfall occurs and Merck disputes the allocation between Samsung and Merck, the Parties shall appoint an independent Third Party to audit the forecasts and to make a determination as to an appropriate allocation of the Product between the Parties based on their respective forecasts. The selection of the Third Party to perform the audit and the terms pursuant to which it shall be carried out, including confidentiality restrictions, shall be mutually agreed to by the Parties if the need arises. The determination of such independent Third Party as to an appropriate allocation of the Product shall be binding on the Parties absent manifest error.	
 
 	6.6.3	Samsung shall notify Merck promptly of any batch failure that is reasonably expected to result in Samsung’s inability to meet the requested delivery dates in any purchase order from Merck.	
 
6.7	Quality Control Program. Samsung shall maintain a quality control program consistent with cGMPs, as required by the applicable Regulatory Authorities in the Territory and, if different, the country in which the Product is Manufactured. If, in accordance with Section 6.1, Merck undertakes any aspect of Manufacturing of the Product, as to those Manufacturing functions Merck shall maintain a quality control program consistent with cGMPs, as required by the applicable Regulatory Authorities in the Territory and, if different, the country in which such Manufacturing functions are performed.	
 
6.8	Quality Agreement. The Parties agree that they shall, prior to delivery of any Product by Samsung to Merck, execute a quality agreement which shall set forth the tasks to be performed by each Party with respect to the Manufacture, transportation, sampling, testing, retaining of samples, release, and stability testing of Product, as well as tasks related to regulatory reporting, complaint handling, investigations, recalls, inspections and audits (the “Quality Agreement”). In the event of any discrepancy or inconsistency between the tasks provided in the Quality Agreement and the terms of this Agreement, the terms of this Agreement shall govern. The Quality Agreement may not be interpreted or construed by either Party as amending or modifying in any way any terms of this Agreement. The Quality Agreement may be modified or amended by the Parties in writing, providing that such modification or amendment shall not, and shall not be deemed or construed to, modify or amend the terms of this Agreement.	
 
6.9	Notification of Regulatory Inspections. Each Party shall provide a reasonable description to the other Party of any inquiries, notifications or inspections by any Regulatory Authority with respect to any Product as set forth in the Quality Agreement. To the extent Merck responds to any such inquiries, notifications or inspections relating to the Manufacture of any Product, Merck shall obtain Samsung’s written approval (not to be unreasonably withheld or delayed by Samsung) of Merck’s responses before submission of such responses.	
 
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6.10	Inspections and Audits. Merck shall have the right to visit any Manufacturing facility for a Product for the purpose of observing the Manufacturing, packaging, testing and storage of the Product, and to inspect for compliance with cGMPs and other applicable regulatory requirements (including environmental, health and safety requirements) as set forth in the Quality Agreement; provided that with respect to visitation and inspection of any Third Party Manufacturing facility, Merck shall be entitled to participate in inspections and audits of such Third Party (a) only along with Samsung and (b) only to the extent permitted under the applicable manufacturing contract between Samsung or its Affiliate and such Third Party manufacturer, and such right shall be subject to (i) the same requirements and/or limitations governing such right in the applicable manufacturing contract between Samsung or its Affiliate and such Third Party manufacturer and (ii) the execution by Merck of any relevant confidentiality agreement required by the Third Party; provided further that if such Third Party manufacturer is engaged after the Effective Date, Samsung shall ensure that Merck has the same rights to inspect and audit the Manufacturing facility of such Third Party manufacturer as Merck has with respect to Samsung’s Manufacturing facilities under this Agreement. Merck’s right of inspection and audit under this Section 6.10 shall be limited to once in each Calendar Year during the Term with respect to each Manufacturing facility that Manufactures one or more Products to be supplied to Merck; provided, however, that Merck may also inspect and audit the Manufacturing facility “for cause” (i) as needed for Merck to respond to a Regulatory Authority notice or inquiry regarding Product or (ii) as set forth in the Quality Agreement. Each such inspection and audit by Merck shall (a) be carried out by a reasonable and limited number of employees of Merck who are bound by confidentiality and non-use obligations as provided in Section 4.1.7 and (b) last for a reasonable period of time, and generally no more than [* * *] Business Days.	
 
6.11	Shipment and Handling of Labeled and Packaged Product. Samsung shall ship each Product to Merck accompanied by the documentation set forth in the Quality Agreement by physically delivering the Product FCA Manufacturing facility (Incoterms 2010). Samsung shall schedule shipping with a carrier designated and paid for by Merck and furnish a bill of lading to Merck with respect to each shipment. For the purposes of this Agreement, “delivery” of a Product to Merck shall be deemed to occur, and title and risk of loss with respect to the Product shall pass to Merck, upon delivery of the Product to such carrier FCA Manufacturing facility.	
 
6.12	Inspection and Storage of Products Delivered. Merck shall perform a label and identity check upon receipt of Product at its facility and shall store the Product in accordance with the product Specifications. In addition, Merck shall inspect each shipment of Product as soon as practicable after receipt, and in any case within [* * *] Business Days of its receipt of such shipment, for any loss or damage, and shall notify Samsung in writing within such time if it discovers that any loss or damage has occurred to the Product prior to receipt. Such loss or damage shall not be Samsung’s responsibility, except to the extent such loss or damage has resulted from the failure of Samsung at the time of delivery to the carrier designated by Merck to have complied with applicable Specifications regarding packaging. If Merck does not notify Samsung of a claim under this Section 6.12 within the [* * *] Business Day period referred to above, then the Product received by Merck shall be deemed to be free from any loss or damage (except any latent loss or damage that was not, and could not have been, discovered by Merck within the above [* * *] Business Day period by the exercise of the degree of care then prevailing in the pharmaceutical industry, of which latent loss or damage Merck shall notify Samsung in writing promptly upon discovery).	
 
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6.13	Failure of Product to Meet Specifications. If a Product delivered to Merck is determined not to meet the applicable Specifications, then Samsung shall, at the election of Merck, either (i) replace such non-conforming Product as soon as reasonably practicable at no additional cost to Merck, or (ii) refund or credit to Merck the Supply Price paid or payable for such non-conforming Product, together with any direct out-of-pocket costs reasonably incurred by Merck in connection with the rejection of such non-conforming Product, including, but not limited to, applicable shipping and return costs, or reasonable costs of destruction. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary contained in this Agreement, the remedies set forth in this Section 6.13 shall be the sole and exclusive remedies for the failure of any Product supplied by Samsung to Merck hereunder to conform to the applicable Specifications, (a) except to the extent Samsung is required under Section 8.5 to indemnify Merck, its Affiliates and its or such Affiliates’ respective directors, officers, employees and agents from and against any Liability to one or more Third Parties arising out of such failure, and (b) except that Merck may exercise its right of termination in accordance with Section 10.3.1 if such failure constitutes a material breach by Samsung under Section 10.3.1(a).	
 
6.14	Complaints. Samsung and Merck shall give each other prompt notice of any complaints regarding the Products as set forth in the Quality Agreement. This information shall be given to each Party’s Authorized Quality Representative. Subject to the indemnification provisions of Article 8, the Parties shall cooperate with each other to the extent necessary by providing assistance with complaint investigation and written notification of its findings when complaints are received.	
ARTICLE 7 PAYMENT OF SUPPLY PRICE
 
7.1	Booking of Revenue; Records; Payment of Supply Price. Merck shall book revenue for sales of the Products throughout the Territory. Merck shall maintain records, in sufficient detail for accounting purposes and for the purposes of this Agreement (including, without limitation, the Supply Price True-up Mechanism), which shall fully and properly reflect all work done and results achieved in the Commercialization of Compounds and Products by Merck. The Supply Price for each Product shall be set, and adjusted, on a Calendar Year basis in accordance with the Supply Price True-up Mechanism attached hereto as Schedule 1.54. Within the later of (i) sixty (60) days following the delivery of Product to a carrier designated by Merck and (ii) thirty (30) days following the delivery of the invoice for such Product to Merck, Merck shall pay Samsung the Supply Price for such Product.	
 
7.2	Audits.	
 
 	7.2.1	Upon the written request of a Party (the “Requesting Party”) and not more than once in each Calendar Year, the other Party (the “Audited Party”) shall permit an independent certified public accounting firm of nationally recognized standing selected by the Requesting Party and reasonably acceptable to the Audited Party, at the Requesting Party’s expense, to have access during normal business hours to such of the records of the Audited Party as may be reasonably necessary to verify the accuracy of the Supply Price calculations, annual true-up adjustments and payments made pursuant thereto for any Calendar Year ending not more than [* * *] years prior to the date of such request. The accounting firm shall disclose to the Requesting Party only (i) whether the Supply Price calculations, annual true-up adjustments and payments made pursuant thereto are correct or incorrect, (ii) the amount of any resulting discrepancy and (iii) the basis for calculating such amount of discrepancy. No other information shall be provided to the Requesting Party.	
 
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 	7.2.2	If such accounting firm identifies a discrepancy made during the period audited, the appropriate Party shall pay the other Party the amount of the discrepancy, together with interest thereon at the rate of [* * *] per annum for the period from the date such discrepancy became due (in the case of underpayment) or was paid (in the case of overpayment) until the date of payment pursuant to this Section 7.2.2, within thirty (30) calendar days of the date the Requesting Party delivers to the Audited Party such accounting firm’s written report so concluding, or as otherwise agreed upon by the Parties. The fees charged by such accounting firm shall be paid by the Requesting Party; provided, however, that if such audit uncovers an underpayment by the Audited Party that exceeds [* * *], then the fees of such accounting firm shall be paid by the Audited Party. The findings of such accounting firm shall be binding on the Parties absent manifest error.	
 
 	7.2.3	Each Party (the “Sublicensing Party”) shall include in each sublicense granted by it pursuant to this Agreement a provision requiring the sublicensee to make reports to the Sublicensing Party, to keep and maintain records and to grant access to such records to the other Party’s independent accountant to the same extent required of the Sublicensing Party under this Agreement.	
 
 	7.2.4	Upon the expiration of [* * *] months following the end of any Calendar Year, the Supply Price calculations, annual true-up adjustments and payments made pursuant thereto for such Calendar Year shall be binding and conclusive upon both Parties, and both Parties and their Related Parties, Affiliates and sublicensees (as applicable) shall be released from any liability or accountability with respect to the Supply Price calculations, annual true-up adjustments and payments made pursuant thereto for such Calendar Year.	
 
 	7.2.5	The Requesting Party shall treat all financial information of the Audited Party and its Related Parties or Affiliates and sublicensees (as applicable) subject to review under this Section 7.2 or under any sublicense agreement in accordance with the confidentiality and non-use provisions of Article 4 of this Agreement, and shall cause its accounting firm to enter into an acceptable confidentiality agreement with the Audited Party and/or its Related Parties, Affiliates and/or sublicensees obligating the accounting firm to retain all such information in confidence pursuant to such confidentiality agreement.	
 
7.3	Provision of Information by Merck. Upon Samsung’s written request, but no more than once per Calendar Quarter, Merck shall provide such financial information and data relating to the Commercialization of the Products in the Territory (including reasonable details regarding the composition and categories of such financial information and data) as Merck keeps in the ordinary course of business and as are reasonably necessary for Samsung to calculate royalties, including, without limitation, the Commercial Contribution-Based Royalty (as defined in the Biogen License Agreement), payable to the licensor under the Biogen License Agreement and/or to verify such calculation to the licensor.	
 
7.4	Default Interest. Any amount that is not paid by a Party to the other when due under this Agreement shall bear default interest at the rate of [* * *] per annum from the day following the due date until paid in full.	
 
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ARTICLE 8 REPRESENTATIONS AND WARRANTIES; INDEMNIFICATION
 
8.1	Representations and Warranties of each Party. Each Party represents and warrants to the other Party that as of the Effective Date:	
 
 	8.1.1	it has the full right, power and authority to enter into this Agreement and to perform its obligations hereunder;	
 
 	8.1.2	this Agreement has been duly authorized by all necessary corporate action on its part, has been duly executed by it and is legally binding upon it, enforceable in accordance with its terms; and	
 
 	8.1.3	this Agreement does not conflict with any agreement, instrument or understanding, oral or written, to which it is a party or by which it may be bound, nor violate any material law, rule, regulation, judgment, decree or order of any court, governmental body or administrative or other agency having jurisdiction over it.	
 
8.2	Samsung Representations and Warranties. Samsung represents and warrants to Merck that as of the Effective Date:	
 
 	8.2.1	it has the full right, power and authority to Develop the Products and to grant the licenses granted under Article 3;	
 
 	8.2.2	it has not previously assigned, transferred, conveyed or otherwise encumbered its right, title and interest in the Samsung Patent Rights or Samsung Know-How, other than (i) a non-exclusive, royalty-free, fully paid-up license granted to Biogen Idec Therapeutics Inc. under certain Samsung Patent Rights and Samsung Know-How pursuant to the Biogen License Agreement, (ii) a non-exclusive, non-transferable, royalty-free, fully-paid-up license granted to Biogen Idec MA Inc. under certain Samsung Patent Rights and Samsung Know-How pursuant to the Biogen Manufacturing Agreement for the purpose of enabling the licensee to fulfill its contract manufacturing obligations thereunder and (iii) a non-exclusive, non-transferable, royalty-free, fully-paid-up license granted to Samsung BioLogics Co., Ltd. under certain Samsung Patent Rights and Samsung Know-How pursuant to the Samsung Manufacturing Agreement for the purpose of enabling the licensee to fulfill its contract manufacturing obligations thereunder;	
 
 	8.2.3	there are no claims, judgments or settlements against or owed by Samsung, and no pending or threatened claims or litigation against Samsung, relating to the Samsung Patent Rights or Samsung Know-How;	
 
 	8.2.4	Samsung has disclosed to Merck all reasonably relevant information regarding the Samsung Patent Rights and Samsung Know-How licensed under this Agreement, and the existence of any patent opinions relating thereto, which, in each case, Samsung actually possesses or knows as of the Effective Date; and	
 
 	8.2.5	EXCEPT FOR THE REPRESENTATIONS AND WARRANTIES EXPRESSLY SET FORTH IN SECTION 8.1, THIS SECTION 8.2 AND ELSEWHERE IN THIS AGREEMENT, NEITHER SAMSUNG NOR ANY OTHER PERSON ACTING ON BEHALF OF SAMSUNG MAKES ANY REPRESENTATION OR WARRANTY (INCLUDING, WITHOUT LIMITATION, WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE OR USE AND NON-INFRINGEMENT OF THIRD PARTY INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS), EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, TO MERCK.	
 
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8.3	Samsung Covenant. Samsung shall use Commercially Reasonable Efforts throughout the Term to identify any Third Party Patent Rights claiming or covering any of the Compounds or Products, or the Development, Manufacture or Commercialization thereof, that may potentially hinder or restrict the Development, Manufacture or Commercialization of any Compound or Product pursuant to this Agreement, and shall update Merck twice per Calendar Year (at regular intervals) with respect to the results of such activities, and if any such Third Party Patent Rights are found, its strategy for achieving freedom of operation with respect to the Development, Manufacture and Commercialization of the Compounds and Products throughout the Territory pursuant to this Agreement.	
 
8.4	Merck Representations and Warranties. Merck represents and warrants to Samsung that as of the Effective Date:	
 
 	8.4.1	it has the full right, power and authority to Commercialize the Products throughout the Territory and to grant the licenses granted under Article 3;	
 
 	8.4.2	it has not previously assigned, transferred, conveyed or otherwise encumbered its right, title and interest in the Merck Patent Rights or Merck Know-How;	
 
 	8.4.3	there are no claims, judgments or settlements against or owed by Merck, and no pending or threatened claims or litigation against Merck, relating to the Merck Patent Rights or Merck Know-How;	
 
 	8.4.4	Merck has disclosed to Samsung all reasonably relevant information regarding the Merck Patent Rights and Merck Know-How licensed under this Agreement, and the existence of any patent opinions relating thereto, which, in each case, Merck actually possesses or knows as of the Effective Date; and	
 
 	8.4.5	EXCEPT FOR THE REPRESENTATIONS AND WARRANTIES EXPRESSLY SET FORTH IN SECTION 8.1, THIS SECTION 8.4 AND ELSEWHERE IN THIS AGREEMENT, NEITHER MERCK NOR ANY OTHER PERSON ACTING ON BEHALF OF MERCK MAKES ANY REPRESENTATION OR WARRANTY (INCLUDING, WITHOUT LIMITATION, WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE OR USE AND NON-INFRINGEMENT OF THIRD PARTY INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS), EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, TO SAMSUNG.	
 
8.5	Indemnification by Samsung. Samsung shall indemnify and defend Merck, its Affiliates and its and such Affiliates’ respective directors, officers, employees and agents from and against any Liabilities arising out of or relating to (i) Samsung’s breach of any of its representations, warranties, covenants and obligations in this Agreement (including those relating to the Development and Manufacturing of the Products), (ii) Samsung’s or its Affiliate’s failure to comply with any applicable laws, rules or regulations, or (iii) Samsung’s or its Affiliate’s willful misconduct or negligence.	
 
8.6	Indemnification by Merck. Merck shall indemnify and defend Samsung, its Affiliates and its and such Affiliates’ respective directors, officers, employees and agents from and against any Liabilities arising out of or relating to (i) Merck’s breach of any of its representations, warranties, covenants and obligations in this Agreement (including those relating to the Commercialization of the Products), (ii) Merck’s or its Related Party’s failure to comply with any applicable laws, rules or regulations, or (iii) Merck’s or its Related Party’s willful misconduct or negligence.	
 
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8.7	Indemnification Procedure.	
 
 	8.7.1	A Party entitled to indemnification under Section 2.5.4, 2A.3.4, 6.5.3, 8.5 or 8.6 (an “Indemnified Party”) shall give prompt written notification to the Party from whom indemnification is sought (the “Indemnifying Party”) of the assertion by a Third Party of any Liabilities for which indemnification may be sought (it being understood and agreed, however, that the failure by an Indemnified Party to give such notification shall not relieve the Indemnifying Party of its indemnification obligation under this Agreement except and only to the extent that such Indemnifying Party is actually prejudiced as a result of such failure to give such notification).	
 
 	8.7.2	Within thirty (30) days after delivery of such notification, the Indemnifying Party may, upon written notice thereof to the Indemnified Party, assume control of the defense of such Liabilities using counsel reasonably satisfactory to the Indemnified Party. If the Indemnifying Party does not assume control of such defense, the Indemnified Party shall control such defense at the expense of the Indemnifying Party.	
 
 	8.7.3	The Party not controlling such defense may participate therein at its own expense; provided that if the Indemnifying Party assumes control of such defense and the Indemnified Party reasonably concludes, based on advice from counsel, that the Indemnifying Party and the Indemnified Party have conflicting interests with respect to the action, suit, proceeding or claim constituting or giving rise to such Liabilities, the Indemnifying Party shall be responsible for the reasonable fees and expenses of counsel to the Indemnified Party solely in connection therewith; provided, however, that in no event shall the Indemnifying Party be responsible for the fees and expenses of more than one counsel in any one jurisdiction for all Indemnified Parties.	
 
 	8.7.4	The Party controlling such defense shall keep the other Party advised of the status of such action, suit, proceeding or claim and the defense thereof and shall consider in good faith recommendations made by the other Party with respect thereto. Such other Party shall provide such cooperation as may be reasonably requested by the Party controlling such defense in connection with or in furtherance of such defense.	
 
 	8.7.5	The Indemnified Party shall not agree to any settlement of such action, suit, proceeding or claim without the prior written consent of the Indemnifying Party, which shall not be unreasonably withheld or delayed. The Indemnifying Party shall not agree to any settlement of such action, suit, proceeding or claim or consent to any judgment in respect thereof that does not include a complete and unconditional release of the Indemnified Party from all Liability with respect thereto or that imposes any Liability or obligation on the Indemnified Party without the prior written consent of the Indemnified Party, which shall not be unreasonably withheld or delayed.	
 
8.8	No Consequential Damages; Damages Cap. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary contained in this Agreement, except to the extent a Party is required to indemnify the other Party, any of its Affiliates or any of its or such Affiliates’ respective directors, officers, employees or agents from and against any Liability to one or more Third Parties under Section 2.5.4, 2A.3.4, 6.5.3, 8.5 or 8.6, (a) in no event shall either Party, any of its Affiliates or any of its or such Affiliates’ respective directors, officers, employees or agents be liable under this Agreement for any special, indirect, incidental, consequential, punitive or exemplary damages, whether in contract, warranty, tort, negligence, strict liability or otherwise, including loss of profits or revenue suffered by either Party, any of its Affiliates or any of its or such Affiliates’ respective	
 
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 	directors, officers, employees or agents, and (b) in no event shall Samsung’s aggregate liability to Merck (whether in contract, warranty, tort, negligence, strict liability or otherwise) for any claim in any manner related to this Agreement exceed the total amount paid to Samsung by Merck under this Agreement within the twelve (12) months prior to the time such claim is first asserted by Merck or such liability arises (whichever occurs earlier). If such preceding twelve-month period for a claim overlaps with such preceding twelve-month period for another claim, Samsung’s aggregate liability to Merck for the latter of such claims shall not exceed (x) the total amount paid to Samsung by Merck under this Agreement within the twelve months prior to the time such latter claim is first asserted by Merck or such liability arises (whichever occurs earlier) less (y) the smaller of (A) the amount paid by Samsung to discharge its liability to Merck in respect of the former claim, multiplied by the ratio of the number of days in the above period of overlap over 365, and (B) the amount paid to Samsung by Merck under this Agreement during the period of overlap between such two (2) twelve-month periods.	
 
8.9	Indemnification Payments and Supply Price True-up Mechanism. For the avoidance of doubt, no indemnification payment made by a Party to the other pursuant to this Article 8 shall be reflected or taken into account in determining “Samsung Costs” or “Merck Costs” under and for the purpose of the Supply Price True-up Mechanism.	
ARTICLE 9 INFRINGEMENT CLAIMS; THIRD PARTY PATENTS
 
9.1	Infringement Claims Against Either Party. Each Party shall give the other Party written notice of any claim or threatened claim by a Third Party for infringement of such Third Party’s Patent Rights, know-how, trade secrets or other intellectual property rights by the Manufacture, use, import, export or sale of Compounds or Products (an “Infringement Claim”) within five (5) Business Days of its first knowledge of the claim or threatened claim (whether or not such Party seeks indemnification from the other Party under Article 8 in respect of such Infringement Claim). Subject to, and except as otherwise provided in, the indemnification provisions of Article 8, each Party shall (i) be responsible for conducting, managing and controlling the defense of any Infringement Claim brought against it using counsel of its choice and (ii) cooperate fully with the other Party, at the expense of the Party against which the relevant Infringement Claim has been brought, in an effort to defend against any Infringement Claim, including pursuing an appeal. To the extent that the Infringement Claim relates solely to a manufacturing process employed by Samsung or any of its contract manufacturers in Manufacturing any Compound or Product, Samsung shall be responsible for [* * *] of all Liabilities associated with such Infringement Claim and Merck shall be responsible for [* * *] of such Liabilities. For all other Infringement Claims, the Parties shall [* * *] Liabilities associated with such Infringement Claim. Notwithstanding the foregoing, if (a) an Infringement Claim is brought against either Party or both Parties, (b) Merck desires to litigate such Infringement Claim but Samsung opposes such litigation and desires to compromise or settle such Infringement Claim, and (c) Merck proceeds to litigate such Infringement Claim despite Samsung’s opposition, the Parties shall share equally all Liabilities associated with such Infringement Claim even if it relates solely to a manufacturing process employed by Samsung or any of its contract manufacturers in Manufacturing any Compound or Product. For the purpose of this Article 9, the term “Liabilities” shall mean (i) all fees and expenses of attorneys and other professional advisors, court costs and assessments, arbitration costs (including arbitrator fees and expenses), service and delivery charges, deposition costs, expert, witness, interpreter and stenographer fees and related expenses, and other fees, costs and expenses incurred to defend (including filing one or more counterclaims or actions), compromise and/or settle the relevant Infringement Claim, (ii) all royalties, license fees and similar fees payable pursuant to one or more license agreements entered into with a Third Party in settlement of or as a result of the relevant Infringement Claim, and (iii) all monetary damages and	
 
35
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 	losses and other liabilities for payment of money (other than those falling under clauses (i) and (ii) above) incurred as a result of or in connection with the relevant Infringement Claim. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary contained in this Agreement, in the event that (a) an Infringement Claim is brought against either Party or both Parties, (b) Samsung desires to litigate such Infringement Claim but Merck opposes such litigation and desires to compromise or settle such Infringement Claim, and (c) Samsung proceeds to litigate such Infringement Claim despite Merck’s opposition, Merck shall have the right, at its sole discretion, to terminate this Agreement with respect to the Product involved in such Infringement Claim and with respect to the Region in which such Infringement Claim is brought, upon sixty (60) days’ written notice to Samsung. Such right of termination may be exercised by Merck at any time within sixty (60) days (not thereafter) following receipt of written notice from Samsung that it intends to litigate the Infringement Claim despite Merck’s opposition.	
 
9.2	Third Party License. In the event that a Third Party approaches either Party with a request or demand that such Party obtain a license under any Patent Rights or know-how owned or Controlled by such Third Party for purposes of the Development, Manufacture and/or Commercialization of any Compound or Product, such Party shall notify the other Party in writing of such request or demand and the Parties shall discuss whether one or both of the Parties shall obtain such a license. In the event that either or both Parties obtain such a license, all royalties, license fees and other similar fees incurred or paid for or in connection with such license, and all fees and expenses of attorneys and other professional advisors incurred or paid in relation thereto, shall be included in “Samsung Costs” and/or “Merck Costs,” as applicable, under and for the purpose of the Supply Price True-up Mechanism (and thereby shall be borne by the Parties as set forth in Schedule 1.54). For the avoidance of doubt, nothing contained in this Section 9.2 shall, or shall be construed to, limit in any way the scope of royalties, fees and expenses covered by subpart (G) of “Samsung Costs” or by subpart (C) of “Merck Costs” under and for the purpose of the Supply Price True-up Mechanism.	
 
9.3	Newly Issued Third Party Patent. In the event that a Party becomes aware of the issuance of a Third Party patent (a “New Third Party Patent”) that is newly issued in a Region after the Effective Date and that, in the reasonable judgment of such Party’s legal counsel, may hinder or restrict the Development, Manufacture or Commercialization of any Product (the “Affected Product”) pursuant to this Agreement, such Party shall promptly notify the other Party in writing of the issuance of such New Third Party Patent (the “Patent Issuance Notification”). Upon receipt of the Patent Issuance Notification by such other Party, the Parties shall discuss in good faith their strategy regarding such New Third Party Patent. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary contained in this Agreement, if the Parties fail to agree upon a strategy regarding such New Third Party Patent within [* * *] months following the receipt of the Patent Issuance Notification by such other Party, then either Party shall have the right to terminate this Agreement with respect to the Affected Product in the Region in which such New Third Party Patent was issued, upon thirty (30) days’ prior written notice to the other Party. Such right of termination may be exercised by either Party at any time within thirty (30) days following the expiration of the above [* * *] month period (and not thereafter).	
 
9.4	Sharing of Liabilities and Supply Price True-up Mechanism. For the avoidance of doubt, no Liabilities incurred or paid by either Party in respect of an Infringement Claim pursuant to Section 9.1 shall be reflected or taken into account in determining “Samsung Costs” or “Merck Costs” under and for the purpose of the Supply Price True-up Mechanism.	
 
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ARTICLE 10 TERM AND TERMINATION
 
10.1	Term and Expiration. This Agreement shall be effective as of the Effective Date and, unless terminated earlier pursuant to Section 10.2, 10.3, 10.4 or 10.5 or by mutual written agreement of the Parties, shall continue in full force and effect with respect to each Product in each Region for ten (10) years following the Launch of such Product in such Region or such longer period of time as may be mutually agreed by the Parties in writing. This Agreement shall expire in its entirety upon its expiration with respect to all of the Products in all Regions.	
 
10.2	Termination by Merck on Product-by-Product and Region-by-Region Basis. Notwithstanding anything contained herein to the contrary, in the event that a particular Product fails to achieve all of the applicable Product Criteria in a particular Region (i.e., the USA (and its territories and possessions) or the European Union) by the Required M.A. Timing in USA for such Product or the Required M.A. Timing in EU for such Product, as applicable, Merck shall have the right, at its sole discretion, to terminate this Agreement with respect to such Product solely in such Region (and, at Merck’s sole discretion, also in the ROW Region); provided that Merck may exercise such right of termination at any time within thirty (30) days after the Required M.A. Timing in USA for such Product or the Required M.A. Timing in EU for such Product, as applicable; provided further that if Merck does not exercise such right of termination within the foregoing thirty (30) day period for any reason, (a) Merck shall be deemed to have waived its right of termination under this Section 10.2 based on or on account of such non-achievement and (b) all of the applicable Product Criteria for such Product shall be deemed to have been met and achieved in such Region (for all purposes of this Agreement, including Section 5.2) upon receipt of the first Marketing Authorization from the FDA for such Product or the first Marketing Authorization from the EMA for such Product, as applicable.	
 
10.3	Termination for Cause.	
 
 	10.3.1	Cause for Termination. This Agreement may be terminated at any time during the term of this Agreement:	
 
 	(a)	upon written notice by a Party if the other Party commits a material breach of its obligations hereunder by causes and reasons within its reasonable control and has not cured such breach within ninety (90) calendar days after notice requesting cure of the breach; provided, however, that in the event of a good faith dispute with respect to the existence of a material breach, the ninety (90) day cure period shall begin from the time the dispute is finally resolved pursuant to Section 11.7; provided further that Samsung’s failure to supply or deliver any Product meeting the requirements set forth in Section 6.1 to Merck in accordance with the terms of this Agreement shall be deemed to constitute a material breach only if Samsung, by causes and reasons within its reasonable control, fails to deliver at least [* * *] of the quantity of such Product actually ordered by Merck pursuant to Sections 6.3 and 6.4 in each of any [* * *] consecutive Calendar Quarters and fails to deliver the applicable shortage to Merck within [* * *] months after the end of such two (2) Calendar Quarter period; or	
 
 	(b)	upon written notice by a Party upon the filing or institution of any bankruptcy, reorganization, liquidation or receivership proceedings in respect of the other Party, or upon an assignment of a substantial portion of the assets for the benefit of creditors by the other Party; provided, however, that in the case of any involuntary bankruptcy, reorganization, liquidation or receivership proceeding such right to terminate shall only become effective if such other Party consents to the involuntary bankruptcy, reorganization, liquidation or receivership or such proceeding is not dismissed within ninety (90) calendar days after the filing thereof.	
 
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In the case of termination of this Agreement under Section 10.3.1(a), the terminating Party may terminate this Agreement in its entirety or, at the terminating Party’s sole discretion, if the material breach giving rise to its right of termination relates to a particular Product in a particular Region or in all Regions, only with respect to such Product in such Region or in all Regions (as the case may be).
 
 	10.3.2	Effect of Termination for Cause on License. If Samsung or Merck terminates this Agreement in its entirety or only with respect to a particular Product in a particular Region or in all Regions under Section 10.3.1(a) or 10.3.1(b), the Parties’ licenses granted under Article 3 shall terminate with immediate effect with respect to all of the Products in all Regions or only with respect to such particular Product in such particular Region or in all Regions, as the case may be, but without prejudice to any rights of the terminating Party to claim and recover from the other Party monetary damages suffered in connection with or arising out of such termination (or the underlying material breach that is the cause of such termination).	
 
10.4	Termination Due to Infringement Claim or Newly Issued Third Party Patent. Merck shall have the right to terminate this Agreement with respect to a particular Product in a particular Region in accordance with the terms of Section 9.1, and each Party shall have the right to terminate this Agreement with respect to a particular Product in a particular Region in accordance with the terms of Section 9.3.	
 
10.5	Termination by Merck Based on the Result of Annual True-up. Merck shall have the right to terminate this Agreement with respect to a particular Product in a particular Presentation on a Region-by-Region basis in accordance with the terms of Section (c) of Schedule 1.54.	
 
10.6	Effect of Expiration or Termination; Survival.	
 
 	10.6.1	Expiration or termination of this Agreement shall not relieve the Parties of any obligation accruing prior to such expiration or termination. Any expiration or termination of this Agreement shall be without prejudice to the rights of either Party against the other accrued or accruing under this Agreement prior to expiration or termination, including without limitation the obligations to pay the Supply Price and make Merck’s True-up Payment or Samsung’s True-up Payment (each as defined in Schedule 1.54) with respect to all Products supplied by Samsung to Merck prior to such expiration or termination.	
 
 	10.6.2	Without limiting the generality of the foregoing sentences, in the event of termination of this Agreement pursuant to Section 10.2, 10.3, 10.4 or 10.5 (whether in its entirety or only with respect to a particular Product in a particular Region or in all Regions), those portions of the Binding Forecast for Primary-Packaged Presentations and the Binding Forecast for Secondary-Packaged Presentations that are outstanding as of the effective date of such termination, which are for the Product(s), Presentation(s) and Region(s) for which this Agreement has been so terminated (such portions of such outstanding Binding Forecasts referred to herein collectively as the “Remaining Binding Forecasts” and individually a “Remaining Binding Forecast”), shall be treated as follows:	
 
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 	(a)	In the event that this Agreement is terminated by Merck under Section 10.2 or 10.3, Merck shall have the right, but not the obligation, to take delivery of the Product(s) to be supplied pursuant to the Remaining Binding Forecasts (collectively, the “Post-Termination Delivery Products”), in whole or in part (at Merck’s election), in accordance with the terms of this Agreement, and Samsung shall perform its obligations relating to such Remaining Binding Forecasts and Post-Termination Delivery Products accordingly; provided that Merck shall be entitled to retain any Post-Termination Delivery Products of which Merck took delivery pursuant to this Section 10.6.2(a) and which have not been sold to a Third Party by [* * *] after the end of the last Calendar Quarter covered by the Remaining Binding Forecast for Primary-Packaged Presentations, without any accounting or payment obligations to Samsung other than the payment of the Supply Price for such Post-Termination Delivery Products (which Supply Price, and the Post-Termination Delivery Products for which such Supply Price is payable, shall be reflected and taken into account in determining “Merck Profit” and “Samsung Profit” for the purpose of calculating “Profit Differential” for the Final True-up Period under Schedule 1.54);	
 
 	(b)	In the event that this Agreement is terminated by Merck under Section 10.5 (i.e., pursuant to Section (c) of Schedule 1.54), Samsung shall have the right, but not the obligation, to sell and deliver the Post-Termination Delivery Products, in whole or in part (at Samsung’s election), to Merck in accordance with the terms of this Agreement, and Merck shall perform its obligations relating to the Remaining Binding Forecasts and such Post-Termination Delivery Products accordingly; provided that Merck shall return to Samsung (as soon as reasonably practicable after the expiration of the three (3) month period referred to below) any Post-Termination Delivery Products of which Merck took delivery pursuant to this Section 10.6.2(b) and which have not been sold to a Third Party by three (3) months after the end of the last Calendar Quarter covered by the Remaining Binding Forecast for Primary-Packaged Presentations, and Samsung shall be entitled to retain such Post-Termination Delivery Products, as well as the Supply Price paid or payable therefor, without any accounting or payment obligations to Merck (except that such Supply Price, and the Post-Termination Delivery Products for which such Supply Price is payable, shall be reflected and taken into account in determining “Merck Profit” and “Samsung Profit” for the purpose of calculating “Profit Differential” for the Final True-up Period under Schedule 1.54);	
 
 	(c)	In the event that this Agreement is terminated by Samsung under Section 10.3, Samsung shall have the right, but not the obligation, to sell and deliver the Post-Termination Delivery Products, in whole or in part (at Samsung’s election), to Merck in accordance with the terms of this Agreement, and Merck shall perform its obligations relating to the Remaining Binding Forecasts and such Post-Termination Delivery Products accordingly; provided that Merck shall return to Samsung (as soon as reasonably practicable after the expiration of the three (3) month period referred to below) any Post-Termination Delivery Products of which Merck took delivery pursuant to this Section 10.6.2(c) and which have not been sold to a Third Party by three (3) months after the end of the last Calendar Quarter covered by the Remaining Binding Forecast for Primary-Packaged Presentations, and Samsung shall be entitled to retain such Post-Termination Delivery Products, as well as the Supply Price paid or payable therefor, without	
 
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 	any accounting or payment obligations to Merck (it being understood and agreed that neither such Supply Price nor the Post-Termination Delivery Products for which such Supply Price is payable shall be reflected or taken into account in determining “Merck Profit” or “Samsung Profit” for the purpose of calculating “Profit Differential” for the Final True-up Period under Schedule 1.54);	
 
 	(d)	In the event that Merck chooses (under Section 10.6.2(a) above), or is required (under Section 10.6.2(b) or 10.6.2(c) above), to receive delivery of any Post-Termination Delivery Products, Merck shall retain the right to Commercialize such Post-Termination Delivery Products and the obligation to take delivery of and pay for such Post-Termination Delivery Products in accordance with the terms of this Agreement as if, solely for the purpose of and with respect to such Post-Termination Delivery Products (and not for any other purposes), this Agreement had not been so terminated; provided, however, that for the purpose of the preceding sentence, immediately upon termination of this Agreement pursuant to Section 10.2, 10.3, 10.4 or 10.5, all of the licenses and Commercialization rights granted by Samsung to Merck under Article 3 shall become non-exclusive with respect to the Post-Termination Delivery Products; and	
 
 	(e)	In the event that this Agreement is terminated by either Party under Section 10.4, (i) the Remaining Binding Forecasts shall be automatically cancelled, and (ii) the Operational Costs associated with all Post-Termination Delivery Products covered by the Remaining Binding Forecasts shall be: (A) borne by Merck and paid to Samsung within thirty (30) days following such termination if this Agreement is so terminated by Merck under Section 9.1 or 9.3 or (B) borne by Samsung if this Agreement is so terminated by Samsung under Section 9.3. For the avoidance of doubt, in the event of termination by either Party under Section 10.4, under and for the purpose of the Supply Price True-up Mechanism, (i) no Post-Termination Delivery Products covered by the Remaining Binding Forecasts so cancelled shall be included in determining “Supply Volume” and (ii) no Operational Costs paid by Merck to Samsung or borne by Samsung pursuant to this Section 10.6.2(e) shall be reflected or taken into account in determining “Samsung Costs” or “Merck Costs.”	
 
 	10.6.3	In any event of termination of this Agreement (whether in its entirety or only with respect to a particular Product in a particular Region or in all Regions), the Parties shall, without prejudice to their respective rights and obligations expressly set forth in this Agreement, exercise Commercially Reasonable Efforts to mitigate any costs and expenses associated with such termination.	
 
 	10.6.4	In the event of (a) expiration of this Agreement with respect to a particular Product in a particular Presentation in a particular Region or in all Regions under Section 10.1 or (b) termination of this Agreement with respect to a particular Product in a particular Presentation in a particular Region or in all Regions under Section 10.5: (i) subject to Section 10.6.2, the Parties’ licenses granted under Article 3 with respect to such Product in such Presentation shall terminate as of such expiration or termination date solely in such Region or in all Regions (as the case may be); (ii) each Party shall pay all amounts with respect to such Product in such Presentation and/or the Compound contained in such Product in such Presentation due and owing in such Region or in all Regions (as the case may be) as of such expiration or termination date in accordance with the terms of this	
 
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 	Agreement; and (iii) this Agreement shall remain in full force and effect with respect to all other Compounds, Products, Presentations and Regions for which this Agreement has not expired pursuant to Section 10.1 or has not terminated pursuant to Section 10.5 (as the case may be). In the event of termination of this Agreement with respect to a particular Product in a particular Region or in all Regions under Section 10.2, 10.3.1(a) or 10.4: (i) subject to Section 10.6.2, the Parties’ licenses granted under Article 3 with respect to such Product shall terminate as of such termination date solely in such Region or in all Regions (as the case may be); (ii) each Party shall pay all amounts with respect to such Product and/or the Compound contained in such Product due and owing in such Region or in all Regions (as the case may be) as of such termination date in accordance with the terms of this Agreement; and (iii) this Agreement shall remain in full force and effect with respect to all other Compounds, Products and Regions for which this Agreement has not terminated pursuant to Section 10.2, 10.3.1(a) or 10.4 (as the case may be). Following the expiration and/or termination of this Agreement with respect to a Product in all of its Presentations and in all Regions, such Product shall cease to be a Product for purposes of this Agreement (including Section 2.4). In the event that this Agreement has expired and/or terminated with respect to all of the Products in all Regions under this Article 10, this Agreement shall terminate in its entirety as of the expiration or termination date (as the case may be) with respect to the last Product in the last Region. Upon such termination of this Agreement in its entirety, subject to Section 10.6.2, the Parties’ licenses granted under Article 3 shall terminate with respect to all of the Products in all of their respective Presentations and in all Regions.	
 
 	10.6.5	The provisions of Article 4 shall survive the expiration or termination of this Agreement and shall continue in effect for ten (10) years thereafter. In addition, any other provisions that, by nature, are intended to survive the expiration or termination of this Agreement, including, without limitation, the provisions of Article 1, Article 8 (except Section 8.3), this Article 10, Article 11 (except Section 11.2) and Sections 2.3, 2.5.4, 2A.3.4, 3.3, 3.7 (last two sentences only), 5.2 (only to the extent related to milestone license fees that have been paid or have accrued or become payable prior to the expiration or termination of this Agreement), 5.3, 5.4, 6.3.6 (last sentence only), 6.4 (last sentence only), 6.5.3 (last sentence only), 6.9 (only to the extent related to inquiries, notifications or inspections made by any Regulatory Authority prior to the expiration or termination of this Agreement), 6.11 (last sentence only), 6.12 (last two sentences only), 6.13, 6.14 (only to the extent related to complaints received by either Party prior to the expiration or termination of this Agreement), 7.1 (second and fourth sentences only), 7.2 (except Section 7.2.3), 7.3, 7.4, 9.1, 9.2 (except the first sentence) and 9.4, shall survive any expiration or termination of this Agreement in accordance with their respective terms.	
ARTICLE 11 MISCELLANEOUS
 
11.1	Force Majeure. Neither Party shall be held liable to the other Party nor be deemed to have defaulted under or breached this Agreement for failure or delay in performing any obligation under this Agreement to the extent such failure or delay is caused by or results from causes beyond the reasonable control of the affected Party, potentially including, but not limited to, embargoes, war, acts of war (whether war be declared or not), acts of terrorism, insurrections, riots, civil commotions, strikes, lockouts or other labor disturbances, unavailability or failure of public utilities or common carriers, fire, floods, or other acts of God, or acts, omissions or delays in acting by any governmental authority or the other Party, provided that such act, event or condition was not the result of the fault or negligence of the affected Party and that such Party has been unable to overcome such act, event or condition with the exercise of due diligence (including the expenditure of reasonable sums). The affected Party shall notify the other Party of such force majeure circumstances as soon as reasonably practical, and shall promptly undertake all Commercially Reasonable Efforts necessary to cure such force majeure circumstances.	
 
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11.2	Assignment; Change of Control.	
 
 	11.2.1	Except as provided in this Section 11.2, this Agreement may not be assigned or otherwise transferred, nor may any right or obligation hereunder be assigned or transferred, by either Party without the prior written consent of the other Party.	
 
 	11.2.2	Merck may, without Samsung’s consent, assign this Agreement and its rights and obligations hereunder in whole or in part to an Affiliate of Merck (provided that Merck shall guarantee all monetary obligations of such assignee under or arising out of this Agreement, including, without limitation, any indemnification obligations of such assignee under Article 8) or in connection with a Change of Control. Samsung may, without Merck’s consent, assign this Agreement and its rights and obligations hereunder in whole or in part to an Affiliate of Samsung (provided that (i) if such assignee is an entity engaged primarily in contract-manufacturing of biopharmaceutical products, Samsung shall remain liable, on a joint and several basis with such assignee, for full performance of all of its obligations under this Agreement, and (ii) in all other cases, Samsung shall guarantee all monetary obligations of such assignee under or arising out of this Agreement, including, without limitation, any indemnification obligations of such assignee under Article 8) or in connection with a Change of Control. Each Party shall ensure that prior to any assignment permitted under this Section 11.2.2 the assignee agrees in writing, in form and substance reasonably satisfactory to the other Party, to perform and comply with all obligations of the assigning Party under, and to be bound by the terms and conditions of, this Agreement as if such assignee were a direct party (i.e., the assigning Party) hereto. Notwithstanding the foregoing, in the event that a Party (the “Change of Control Party”) undergoes a Competing Pharma Change of Control, this Agreement shall automatically be amended as follows, unless the other Party (the “Remaining Party”), at its sole discretion, agrees otherwise in writing:	
 
 	(a)	The JSC shall be discontinued effective upon such Competing Pharma Change of Control; and	
 
 	(b)	The Remaining Party shall have the right to require the Change of Control Party and the other party to such Competing Pharma Change of Control to adopt reasonable procedures to be agreed upon in writing with the Remaining Party to prevent the disclosure of the Remaining Party’s Information beyond the Change of Control Party’s personnel having access to and knowledge of the Remaining Party’s Information prior to the Competing Pharma Change of Control and to control the dissemination of the Remaining Party’s Information disclosed after the Competing Pharma Change of Control. The purposes of such procedures shall be to strictly limit such disclosures to only those personnel having a need to know the Remaining Party’s Information in order for the Change of Control Party to exercise its rights and perform its obligations under this Agreement and to prohibit the use of the Remaining Party’s Information for competitive reasons against the Remaining Party and/or its Affiliates or Related Parties (as applicable) or any Compounds or Products, including, without limitation, the use of the Remaining Party’s Information for the development, manufacture or commercialization of any competing products.	
 
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 	11.2.3	Any attempted assignment not in accordance with this Section 11.2 shall be void.	
 
11.3	Use of Affiliates. Each Party shall have the right to exercise its rights and perform its obligations under this Agreement either itself or through any of its Affiliates; provided that even if a Party performs its obligations under this Agreement through one or more of its Affiliates, such Party shall at all times remain liable for the full and complete performance of such obligations. In addition, in each case where an Affiliate of a Party has an obligation pursuant to this Agreement or performs an obligation pursuant to this Agreement, such Party shall cause and compel its Affiliate to perform such obligation and comply with the terms of this Agreement.	
 
11.4	Severability. If any one or more of the provisions contained in this Agreement is held invalid, illegal or unenforceable in any respect, the validity, legality and enforceability of the remaining provisions contained herein shall not in any way be affected or impaired thereby unless the absence of such invalidated, illegal or unenforceable provision(s) frustrates, or makes it commercially impractical to achieve, the purposes of this Agreement despite the replacement of such provision(s) with valid, legal and enforceable provision(s) pursuant to the last sentence of this Section 11.4. The Parties shall in such an instance replace the invalid, illegal or unenforceable provision(s) with valid, legal and enforceable provision(s) which, insofar as practical, implement the purposes of this Agreement and the original intent of the Parties as expressed herein as closely as possible.	
 
11.5	Notices. All notices which are required or permitted hereunder shall be in writing and sufficient if delivered personally, sent by facsimile (and promptly confirmed by personal delivery, registered or certified airmail or internationally-recognized express courier), sent by internationally-recognized express courier or sent by registered or certified airmail, postage prepaid, return receipt requested, addressed as follows:	

if to Samsung, to:	  	Samsung Bioepis Co., Ltd.
Chomdandaero 107
Yeonsu-gu, Incheon
Republic of Korea (Postal Code: 406-840)
 
Attention: Representative Director
Facsimile No.: 82-32-455-6000	
		
and:	  	Attention: Chief Financial Officer
Facsimile No.: 82-32-455-6100	
		
if to Merck, to:	  	Merck Sharp & Dohme Corp.
One Merck Drive
P.O. Box 100
Whitehouse Station, NJ 08889-0100
USA
 
Attention: Chief Licensing Officer, WS2A-30
Facsimile No.: (908) 735-1214	
		
and:	  	Attention: Office of Secretary, WS3A-65
Facsimile No.: (908) 735-1246	
 
43

or to such other address(es) as the Party to whom notice is to be given may have furnished to the other Party in writing in accordance herewith. Any such notice shall be deemed to have been given on the day on which such notice is delivered to the recipient Party (or if so delivered on a non-Business Day, then on the next Business Day).
 
11.6	Applicable Law. This Agreement shall be governed by and construed in accordance with the laws of the State of New York and the patent laws of the United States without reference to any rules of conflict of laws or renvoi.	
 
11.7	Dispute Resolution.	
 
 	11.7.1	The Parties shall negotiate in good faith and use reasonable efforts to settle any dispute, controversy or claim arising from or related to this Agreement or the breach thereof. If the Parties do not fully settle, and a Party wishes to pursue the matter, each such dispute, controversy or claim shall be finally resolved by binding arbitration in accordance with the Arbitration Rules of the International Chamber of Commerce (“ICC”) in effect as of the date of commencement of the arbitration proceeding, and judgment on the arbitration award may be entered in any court having jurisdiction thereof.	
 
 	11.7.2	The arbitration shall be conducted by a panel of three persons experienced in the pharmaceutical business: within thirty (30) calendar days after initiation of arbitration, each Party shall select one person to act as arbitrator and the two Party-selected arbitrators shall select a third arbitrator within thirty (30) calendar days of their appointment. If the arbitrators selected by the Parties are unable or fail to agree upon the third arbitrator within such thirty (30) calendar day period, the third arbitrator shall be appointed by the ICC within ten (10) Business Days thereafter. The place of arbitration shall be London, England, and all proceedings and communications shall be in English.	
 
 	11.7.3	Either Party may apply to the arbitrators for any interim injunctive or provisional relief until the arbitration award is rendered or the controversy is otherwise resolved. Either Party also may, without waiving any remedy under this Agreement, seek from any court having jurisdiction any interim injunctive or provisional relief necessary to protect the rights or property of that Party prior to the commencement of the arbitration or pending the arbitration award. The arbitrators shall have no authority to award punitive or any other type of damages not measured by a Party’s compensatory damages. Each Party shall bear its own costs and expenses and attorneys’ fees and an equal share of the arbitrators’ fees and any administrative fees of arbitration.	
 
 	11.7.4	Except to the extent necessary to confirm or enforce an award or as may be required by law, neither a Party nor an arbitrator may disclose the existence, content, or results of an arbitration without the prior written consent of both Parties. In no event shall an arbitration be initiated after the date when commencement of a legal or equitable proceeding based on the dispute, controversy or claim would be barred by the applicable statute of limitations under the law governing this Agreement.	
 
 	11.7.5	The Parties agree that, in the event of a good faith dispute over the nature or quality of performance under this Agreement, neither Party may terminate this Agreement until final resolution of the dispute through arbitration. The Parties further agree that any payments made pursuant to this Agreement pending resolution of the dispute shall be refunded if the arbitrators determine that such payments are not due.	
 
44

11.8	Entire Agreement; Amendments. This Agreement, together with the Schedules hereto, contains the entire understanding of the Parties with respect to the Compounds and Products. Any other express or implied agreements and understandings, negotiations, writings and commitments, either oral or written, with respect to the subject matter hereof are superseded by the terms of this Agreement. The Schedules to this Agreement are incorporated herein by reference and shall be deemed a part of this Agreement. This Agreement may be amended, or any term hereof modified, only by a written instrument duly executed by authorized representative(s) of both Parties.	
 
11.9	Headings. The captions to the several Articles, Sections and subsections hereof are not a part of this Agreement, but are merely for convenience to assist in locating and reading the several Articles, Sections and subsections hereof.	
 
11.10	Independent Contractors. It is expressly agreed that Samsung and Merck shall be independent contractors and that the relationship between the two Parties shall not constitute a partnership, joint venture or agency. Neither Samsung nor Merck shall have the authority to make any statements, representations or commitments of any kind, or to take any action, which shall be binding on the other Party, without the prior written consent of the other Party.	
 
11.11	Waiver. The waiver by either Party of any right hereunder, or of any failure of the other Party to perform, or of any breach by the other Party, shall not be deemed a waiver of any other right hereunder or of any other breach by or failure of such other Party whether of a similar nature or otherwise.	
 
11.12	Cumulative Remedies. Except as expressly provided in this Agreement, no remedy referred to in this Agreement is intended to be exclusive, but each shall be cumulative and in addition to any other remedy referred to in this Agreement or otherwise available under applicable law.	
 
11.13	Waiver of Rule of Construction. Each Party has had the opportunity to consult with counsel in connection with the review, drafting and negotiation of this Agreement. Accordingly, the rule of construction that any ambiguity in this Agreement shall be construed against the drafting Party shall not apply.	
 
11.14	Certain Conventions. Any reference in this Agreement to an Article, Section, subsection, paragraph, clause or Schedule shall be deemed to be a reference to an Article, Section, subsection, paragraph, clause or Schedule of or to, as the case may be, this Agreement, unless otherwise indicated. Unless the context of this Agreement otherwise requires, (a) words of any gender include the other gender, (b) words such as “herein”, “hereof”, and “hereunder” refer to this Agreement as a whole and not merely to the particular provision in which such words appear, (c) words using the singular shall include the plural, and vice versa.	
 
11.15	Business Day Requirements. In the event that any notice or other action is required to be taken by a Party under this Agreement on a day that is not a Business Day, then such notice or other action shall be deemed to be required to be taken on the next occurring Business Day.	
 
11.16	Further Actions. Each Party agrees to execute, acknowledge and deliver such further documents and instruments, and to do all such other acts, as may be necessary or appropriate in order to carry out the purposes and intent of this Agreement.	
 
45

11.17	Counterparts. This Agreement may be signed in any number of counterparts (including by facsimile or electronic transmission), each of which shall be deemed an original, but all of which shall constitute one and the same instrument, it being understood and agreed that the Parties need not sign the same counterpart. After facsimile or electronic transmission, the Parties agree to execute and exchange documents with original signatures.	
[Signatures on the Following Page]
 
46

IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the Parties have executed this Agreement as of the Effective Date.

SAMSUNG BIOEPIS CO., LTD.	 		  	MERCK SHARP & DOHME CORP.	
					
BY:	 	/s/ Christopher Ko                        	 		  	BY:	  	/s/ Kenneth C. Frazier                        	
NAME: Christopher Ko	 	                    	  	NAME: Kenneth C. Frazier	
TITLE: Representative Director	 		  	TITLE: Chairman, Chief Executive Officer & President	

SCHEDULE 1.41
[* * *]
 
[* * *]=[CONFIDENTIAL PORTION HAS BEEN OMITTED BECAUSE IT (I) IS NOT MATERIAL AND (II) WOULD BE COMPETITIVELY HARMFUL IF PUBLICLY DISCLOSED.]

SCHEDULE 1.51
[* * *]
 
[* * *]=[CONFIDENTIAL PORTION HAS BEEN OMITTED BECAUSE IT (I) IS NOT MATERIAL AND (II) WOULD BE COMPETITIVELY HARMFUL IF PUBLICLY DISCLOSED.]

SCHEDULE 1.54
[* * *]
 
[* * *]=[CONFIDENTIAL PORTION HAS BEEN OMITTED BECAUSE IT (I) IS NOT MATERIAL AND (II) WOULD BE COMPETITIVELY HARMFUL IF PUBLICLY DISCLOSED.]

APPENDIX I TO SCHEDULE 1.54
[* * *]
 
[* * *]=[CONFIDENTIAL PORTION HAS BEEN OMITTED BECAUSE IT (I) IS NOT MATERIAL AND (II) WOULD BE COMPETITIVELY HARMFUL IF PUBLICLY DISCLOSED.]

SCHEDULE 1.56A
[* * *]
 
[* * *]=[CONFIDENTIAL PORTION HAS BEEN OMITTED BECAUSE IT (I) IS NOT MATERIAL AND (II) WOULD BE COMPETITIVELY HARMFUL IF PUBLICLY DISCLOSED.]

SCHEDULE 1.56B
[* * *]
 
[* * *]=[CONFIDENTIAL PORTION HAS BEEN OMITTED BECAUSE IT (I) IS NOT MATERIAL AND (II) WOULD BE COMPETITIVELY HARMFUL IF PUBLICLY DISCLOSED.]

Certain confidential information contained in this document, marked by brackets, has been omitted because it is both (i) not material and (ii) would be competitively harmful if publicly disclosed.
Exhibit 10.5
EXECUTION COPY
AMENDMENT NO. 1
TO
DEVELOPMENT AND COMMERCIALIZATION AGREEMENT
This Amendment No. 1 to Development and Commercialization Agreement (this “Amendment”) is effective as of July 21, 2014 (the “Amendment Date”), and is entered into by and between SAMSUNG BIOEPIS CO., LTD., a corporation organized and existing under the laws of the Republic of Korea (“Samsung”) and MERCK SHARP & DOHME CORP., a corporation organized and existing under the laws of the State of New Jersey, USA (“Merck”).
RECITALS:
WHEREAS, Samsung and Merck entered into a Development and Commercialization Agreement dated February 18, 2013 (the “Agreement”) whereby Merck became Samsung’s commercialization partner with respect to certain Biosimilars being developed by Samsung, upon the terms and conditions set forth therein; and
WHEREAS, Samsung and Merck now desire to amend the Agreement upon the terms and conditions set forth herein, in order to add another Biosimilar being developed by Samsung to the Agreement.
NOW, THEREFORE, in consideration of the foregoing premises and the mutual covenants contained herein, the receipt and sufficiency of which are hereby acknowledged, Samsung and Merck hereby agree as follows:
ARTICLE 1 DEFINITIONS
Capitalized terms used but not otherwise defined in this Amendment shall have the meanings ascribed to them in the Agreement.
ARTICLE 2 AMENDMENT OF THE AGREEMENT
 
2.1	Article 1 of the Agreement is hereby amended as follows:	
 
 	2.1.1	Section 1.3A is hereby added to Article 1 as follows:	
 
 	“1.3A	“Amendment Date” shall mean July 21, 2014, the date on which Amendment No. 1 to this Agreement is entered into by the Parties and becomes effective.”	
 
 	2.1.2	Section 1.14 is hereby amended to read in its entirety as follows:	
 
 	“1.14	“Compound” shall mean any and all of the following, as well as such other Biosimilars as the Parties mutually agree in writing to add to this Agreement:	
 
 	1.14.1	Adalimumab/Humira Biosimilar;	

 	1.14.2	Bevacizumab/Avastin Biosimilar;	
 
 	1.14.3	Cetuximab/Erbitux Biosimilar;	
 
 	1.14.4	Infliximab/Remicade Biosimilar;	
 
 	1.14.5	Trastuzumab/Herceptin Biosimilar; and	
 
 	1.14.6	Etanercept/Enbrel Biosimilar”	
 
 	2.1.3	New Section 1.28A is hereby added to Article 1 as follows:	
 
 	1.28A	“Major Markets” shall mean Australia, Canada, Republic of Korea and Turkey.”	
 
 	2.1.4	Section 1.41 is hereby amended to read in its entirety as follows:	
 
 	“1.41	“Product Criteria” shall mean the criteria with respect to Indications, Presentations, dosage strengths and timing for receipt of Marketing Authorization (or, in the case of the [* * *], timing for filing applications for Marketing Authorization) set forth with respect to each Product on Schedule 1.41.”	
 
 	2.1.5	Section 1.56 is hereby amended to read in its entirety as follows:	
 
 	“1.56	“Territory” shall mean the following:	
 
 	1.56.1	With respect to (i) Bevacizumab/Avastin Biosimilar, (ii) Cetuximab/Erbitux Biosimilar and (iii) Trastuzumab/Herceptin Biosimilar, all of the countries in the world, and their territories and possessions;	
 
 	1.56.2	With respect to (i) Adalimumab/Humira Biosimilar and (ii) Infliximab/Remicade Biosimilar, all of the countries in the world, and their territories and possessions, excluding, however, the countries, territories and possessions set forth on Schedule 1.56A; provided that the countries, territories and possessions set forth on Schedule 1.56B shall be part of the Territory with respect to Adalimumab/Humira Biosimilar and Infliximab/Remicade Biosimilar commencing on July 1, 2014; and	
 
 	1.56.3	With respect to Etanercept/Enbrel Biosimilar, all of the countries in the world, and their territories and possessions, excluding, however, the countries, territories and possessions set forth on Schedule 1.56C.”	
 
2.2	Article 2 of the Agreement is hereby amended by adding the following as a new Section 2.7:	
 
 	“2.7	Right of First Negotiation. During the Term, if Samsung desires to enter into negotiations with a Third Party to grant such Third Party any right to Commercialize the [* * *] in [* * *] and its territories and possessions (collectively, the “United States”), then, prior to entering into such negotiations, Samsung shall inform Merck in writing (a “ROFN Notice”) and, within forty-five (45) days after receipt of such ROFN Notice, Merck shall notify Samsung in writing as to whether it wishes to add [* * *] to the Territory for the Etanercept/Enbrel Biosimilar under this Agreement. If Merck gives Samsung written	
 
2
[* * *]=[CONFIDENTIAL PORTION HAS BEEN OMITTED BECAUSE IT (I) IS NOT MATERIAL AND (II) WOULD BE COMPETITIVELY HARMFUL IF PUBLICLY DISCLOSED.]

 	notice within such 45-day period that it wishes to make [* * *] part of the Territory for the [* * *], the Parties shall enter into good-faith negotiations to amend this Agreement with respect to the Territory for the [* * *], additional payments to be made by Merck to Samsung and other provisions reasonably related to the expansion of the Territory for [* * *]. If, in response to the ROFN Notice, (i) Merck notifies Samsung that it does not wish to make [* * *] part of the Territory for the Etanercept/Enbrel Biosimilar or (ii) Merck does not respond in writing within the above 45-day period, or if the Parties fail to agree on appropriate amendments to this Agreement pursuant to this Section 2.7 within ninety (90) days after delivery of Merck’s written notice indicating that it wishes to add [* * *] to the Territory for the Etanercept/Enbrel Biosimilar, Samsung shall be free to negotiate and/or enter into any agreement related to the Commercialization of the [* * *] in [* * *] with a Third Party; provided that (a) in the event Merck exercises its right of first negotiation pursuant to this Section 2.7 but the Parties fail to agree on appropriate amendments to this Agreement within the above 90-day period to add [* * *] to the Territory for the Etanercept/Enbrel Biosimilar, Samsung shall not enter into any agreement with a Third Party for the Commercialization of the Etanercept/Enbrel Biosimilar in the United States on terms that, as a whole, are materially more favorable to such Third Party than the terms last offered by Samsung to Merck during the negotiations described above; and (b) in the event Samsung does not enter into such an agreement with a Third Party within one (1) year after delivery of the ROFN Notice to Merck, Samsung shall, prior to entering into negotiations with a Third Party for the grant of any right to Commercialize the Etanercept/Enbrel Biosimilar in [* * *] (following the expiration of such one-year period), submit another ROFN Notice to and enter into good-faith negotiations with Merck regarding such Commercialization right in accordance with the above provisions of this Section 2.7.”	
 
2.3	Section 3.5 of the Agreement is hereby amended to read in its entirety as follows:	
 
 	“3.5	Development and Manufacture.	
 
 	(a)	Samsung shall have sole responsibility for the Development of Compounds and Products, the Manufacturing of Compounds and Products, and all regulatory activities relating to the Development or Manufacturing of Compounds and Products, throughout the Territory. Samsung shall use Commercially Reasonable Efforts, at its own expense, to Develop and Manufacture each Product. As reasonably requested by Samsung, Merck shall provide clinical and/or regulatory input to Samsung with respect to Compound(s) or Product(s). Throughout the Territory, Samsung shall be the holder of the Marketing Authorizations for the Products; provided, however, that Merck shall be the holder of a Clone of Samsung’s Marketing Authorizations for the Products in the European Union (where applicable).	
 
 	(b)	Notwithstanding anything to the contrary herein, [* * *].	
 
3
[* * *]=[CONFIDENTIAL PORTION HAS BEEN OMITTED BECAUSE IT (I) IS NOT MATERIAL AND (II) WOULD BE COMPETITIVELY HARMFUL IF PUBLICLY DISCLOSED.]

2.4	Section 3.9 of the Agreement is hereby amended as follows:	
 
 	2.4.1	Section 3.9.1 is hereby amended to read in its entirety as follows:	
 
 	“3.9.1	As soon as reasonably practicable after the Effective Date, the Parties shall discuss and execute a pharmacovigilance agreement (the “Pharmacovigilance Agreement”), which shall set forth the responsibilities of each Party with respect to pharmacovigilance matters relating to the Products (including the Etanercept/Enbrel Biosimilar Product), and which shall be amended from time to time to properly reflect the status of the marketing and sale of the Products and the relevant pharmacovigilance regulations of each Region and/or country in the Territory.”	
 
 	2.4.2	Solely with respect to the Etanercept/Enbrel Biosimilar Product, Sections 3.9.2 through 3.9.7 are hereby amended to read in their entirety as follows:	
 
 	“3.9.2	Samsung shall establish and maintain all necessary pharmacovigilance requirements for the Etanercept/Enbrel Biosimilar Product in full compliance with all applicable laws and requirements of the Regulatory Authorities in the Territory for the Etanercept/Enbrel Biosimilar Product.	
 
 	3.9.3	Throughout the Term, Merck shall notify Samsung via source documents within one (1) business day but not longer than three (3) calendar days of receipt by Merck of all relevant safety data, including, without limitation, any adverse experience (which term, as used in this Agreement, shall have the meaning ascribed to it in the Pharmacovigilance Agreement) which it obtains during or in connection with the performance of its obligations under this Agreement.	
 
 	3.9.4	Samsung’s responsibilities for the Etanercept/Enbrel Biosimilar Product shall also include: (i) owning and holding the global safety database; (ii) performing ongoing safety signal detection; (iii) establishing and maintaining risk management plans, if applicable; (iv) producing post-marketing periodic safety update reports as required by applicable laws and regulations; and (v) contacting Merck in the Territory, including prompt communication to Merck of a significant new safety signal with respect to the Etanercept/Enbrel Biosimilar Product.	
 
 	3.9.5	Merck’s responsibilities for the Etanercept/Enbrel Biosimilar Product shall include: (i) executing risk management plans established by Samsung in the Territory if required; (ii) executing safety signal communication activities to healthcare practitioners in the Territory if required; and (iii) providing reasonable assistance to Samsung in providing data as needed for the production of post-marketing periodic safety update reports.	
 
 	3.9.6	Samsung and Merck shall have the right, upon reasonable (at least thirty (30) days) prior written notice, to periodically audit each other’s relevant Etanercept/Enbrel Biosimilar Product-related pharmacovigilance activities to monitor compliance with the obligations as set forth in this Section 3.9. Each Party shall, within a reasonable time, reply to the other Party’s request for such audit. Such audit shall be reasonable in scope and take place during normal business hours. Each Party shall not routinely request an audit more than once every two (2) years, except where there is a reasonable basis for such Party to suspect that the other Party has failed or is failing to comply with its obligations under this Section 3.9.”	
 
4

2.5	Section 5.2 of the Agreement is hereby amended to read in its entirety as follows:	
 
 	“5.2	Payment Schedule. Subject to the terms and conditions of this Agreement, Merck shall pay to Samsung the following milestone license fees for each Product meeting the applicable Product Criteria (except the payments pursuant to Sections 5.2.1 and 5.2.2, each of which payments shall be made only once, and except for the Products expressly excluded in Sections 5.2.3, 5.2.4, 5.2.5 and 5.2.6); provided, however, that (i) the payments pursuant to Sections 5.2.1, 5.2.2 and 5.2.3 shall be made regardless of whether any Product Criteria are met, (ii) the payment pursuant to Section 5.2.4 shall be made regardless of whether the relevant Product meets the Required M.A. Timing in EU, and (iii) the payment pursuant to Section 5.2.5 shall be made regardless of whether the relevant Product meets the Required M.A. Timing in USA:	
 
 	5.2.1	Within ten (10) Business Days after the Effective Date: [* * *];	
 
 	5.2.2	Within ten (10) Business Days after the Amendment Date: [* * *];	
 
 	5.2.3	Within thirty (30) calendar days after the first successful completion in the USA or EU of a Phase I Clinical Trial of such Product (which term, when used in this Section 5.2.3, does not include [* * *]) that demonstrates the required similarity in pharmacokinetic profile of such Product to the approved reference product with respect to all primary endpoint(s) accepted by the applicable Regulatory Authority, where “successful completion” referred to in this Section 5.2.3 shall mean the receipt by Samsung of written communication (including by facsimile or electronic transmission) from the applicable Regulatory Authority, following a meeting between Samsung and such Regulatory Authority to review the results of such Phase I Clinical Trial, which written communication does not require or request that Samsung either repeat its Phase I Clinical Trial of such Product or halt its clinical trials of such Product: [* * *];	
 
 	5.2.4	Within thirty (30) calendar days after the receipt of the first Marketing Authorization from the FDA for such Product (which term, when used in this Section 5.2.4, does not include [* * *]): [* * *]; provided that Merck may delay making this milestone payment until Samsung has supplied to Merck all quantities of such Product, meeting all of the requirements set forth in Section 6.1, which (i) are required under the terms of Article 6 to be supplied to Merck prior to the date of receipt of such Marketing Authorization and (ii) may be supplied by Samsung to Merck prior to the date of receipt of such Marketing Authorization without infringing any Third Party Patent Rights relating to the relevant reference product (provided that to the extent such Product was not supplied to Merck by the date of receipt of such Marketing Authorization due to the existence of such Third Party Patent Rights, Samsung shall use Commercially Reasonable Efforts to supply to Merck as soon as practicable following the expiration of such Third Party Patent Rights all quantities of such Product that were required under the terms of Article 6 to be supplied to Merck prior to the date of receipt of such Marketing Authorization); and	
 
 	5.2.5	Within thirty (30) calendar days after the receipt of the first Marketing Authorization from the EMA for such Product (which term, when used in this Section 5.2.5, does not include [* * *]; provided that Merck may delay making this milestone payment until Samsung has supplied to Merck all quantities of such Product, meeting all of the requirements set forth in Section 6.1, which (i) are required under the terms of Article 6 to be supplied to Merck prior to the date of receipt of such Marketing Authorization and (ii) may be supplied by Samsung to Merck prior to the date of receipt of such Marketing Authorization without infringing any Third Party Patent Rights relating to the relevant reference product	
 
5
[* * *]=[CONFIDENTIAL PORTION HAS BEEN OMITTED BECAUSE IT (I) IS NOT MATERIAL AND (II) WOULD BE COMPETITIVELY HARMFUL IF PUBLICLY DISCLOSED.]

 	(provided that to the extent such Product was not supplied to Merck by the date of receipt of such Marketing Authorization due to the existence of such Third Party Patent Rights, Samsung shall use Commercially Reasonable Efforts to supply to Merck as soon as practicable following the expiration of such Third Party Patent Rights all quantities of such Product that were required under the terms of Article 6 to be supplied to Merck prior to the date of receipt of such Marketing Authorization).	
 
 	5.2.6	Within thirty (30) calendar days after the receipt of Marketing Authorizations in any three (each, a “MA Major Market Country”) of the four Major Markets for such Product (which term, when used in this Section 5.2.6, does not include [* * *]): [* * *]; provided that Merck may delay making this milestone payment until Samsung has supplied to Merck all quantities of such Product, meeting all of the requirements set forth in Section 6.1, which, with respect to each MA Major Market Country, (i) are required under the terms of Article 6 to be supplied to Merck for sale in such MA Major Market Country prior to the date of receipt of the Marketing Authorization in such MA Major Market Country and (ii) may be supplied by Samsung to Merck prior to the date of receipt of the Marketing Authorization in such MA Major Market Country without infringing any Third Party Patent Rights relating to the relevant reference product (provided that to the extent such Product was not supplied to Merck by the date of receipt of the Marketing Authorization in a MA Major Market Country due to the existence of such Third Party Patent Rights, Samsung shall use Commercially Reasonable Efforts to supply to Merck as soon as practicable following the expiration of such Third Party Patent Rights all quantities of such Product that were required under the terms of Article 6 to be supplied to Merck for sale in such MA Major Market Country prior to the date of receipt of the Marketing Authorization in such MA Major Market Country).	
Each of the above milestone license fees (other than the amounts set forth in Sections 5.2.1 and 5.2.2) shall be payable only once under this Agreement for each Compound upon the Product incorporating or containing such Compound first achieving the relevant milestone. No amounts shall be due under this Agreement for subsequent or repeated achievements of any milestone by a Product incorporating or containing the same Compound for which the relevant milestone license fee has already been paid. Each of the milestone license fees due under this Section 5.2 shall be non-refundable, regardless of whether and to what extent the Parties are successful in Developing, Manufacturing and Commercializing the applicable Compound or Product.
In the event that a Product does not meet all of the applicable Product Criteria, Merck may, at its sole discretion, choose nonetheless to pay the applicable milestone license fee. Such waiver by Merck of the requirement to meet all of the Product Criteria in connection with such milestone license fee shall not constitute a waiver of the requirement to meet all of the Product Criteria in connection with a subsequent milestone license fee payable for such Product.”
 
2.6	Section 6.3.3(a) of the Agreement is hereby amended by adding the following at the end thereof:	
 
 	“(xii)	[* * *]; and	
 
 	(xiii)	[* * *].”	
 
6
[* * *]=[CONFIDENTIAL PORTION HAS BEEN OMITTED BECAUSE IT (I) IS NOT MATERIAL AND (II) WOULD BE COMPETITIVELY HARMFUL IF PUBLICLY DISCLOSED.]

2.7	Section 10.2 of the Agreement is hereby amended to read in its entirety as follows:	
 
 	“10.2	Termination by Merck on Product-by-Product and Region-by-Region Basis. Notwithstanding anything contained herein to the contrary, (a) in the event that a particular Product (other than the Etanercept/Enbrel Biosimilar Product) fails to achieve all of the applicable Product Criteria in a particular Region (i.e., the USA (and its territories and possessions) or the European Union) by the Required M.A. Timing in USA for such Product or the Required M.A. Timing in EU for such Product, as applicable, Merck shall have the right, at its sole discretion, to terminate this Agreement with respect to such Product solely in such Region (and, at Merck’s sole discretion, also in the ROW Region); provided that Merck may exercise such right of termination at any time within thirty (30) days after the Required M.A. Timing in USA for such Product or the Required M.A. Timing in EU for such Product, as applicable; provided further that if Merck does not exercise such right of termination within the foregoing thirty (30) day period for any reason, (i) Merck shall be deemed to have waived its right of termination under this Section 10.2 based on or on account of such non-achievement and (ii) all of the applicable Product Criteria for such Product shall be deemed to have been met and achieved in such Region (for all purposes of this Agreement, including Section 5.2) upon receipt of the first Marketing Authorization from the FDA for such Product or the first Marketing Authorization from the EMA for such Product, as applicable; and (b) in the event that the Etanercept/Enbrel Biosimilar Product fails to achieve all of the applicable Product Criteria by the date on which Marketing Authorizations have been received in any three of the four Major Markets, Merck shall have the right, at its sole discretion, to terminate this Agreement with respect to the Etanercept/Enbrel Biosimilar Product for the entire Territory (but not part of the Territory) therefor; provided that Merck may exercise such right of termination at any time within thirty (30) days after the date on which Marketing Authorizations have been received in any three of the four Major Markets; provided further that if Merck does not exercise such right of termination within the foregoing thirty (30) day period for any reason, (i) Merck shall be deemed to have waived its right of termination under this Section 10.2 based on or on account of such non-achievement and (ii) all of the applicable Product Criteria for the Etanercept/Enbrel Biosimilar Product shall be deemed to have been met and achieved in the entire Territory therefor (for all purposes of this Agreement, including Section 5.2) upon the expiration of such thirty (30) day period.”	
 
2.8	Schedule 1.41 to the Agreement is hereby amended to read in its entirety as set forth in Attachment A hereto.	
 
2.9	Schedule 1.54 to the Agreement is hereby amended as follows:	
 
 	2.9.1	[* * *]	
 
 	2.9.2	[* * *]:	
 
 	“(l)	[* * *]; and	
 
 	(m)	[* * *].”	
 
2.10	Attachment B hereto is hereby added to the Agreement as a new Schedule 1.56C.	
 
2.11	Except as expressly amended by this Amendment, the Agreement shall remain in full force and effect in accordance with its terms.	
 
7
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ARTICLE 3 MISCELLANEOUS
 
3.1	In the event a Party is required to file a copy of this Amendment with a Regulatory Authority or any other governmental authority or agency, (i) such Party shall redact the list of Biosimilars (and references to all or part of them) set forth in Section 2.1.2 and other provisions of this Amendment and other commercially sensitive information from such copy to the extent permitted under applicable law and (ii) such Party shall provide the other Party with an advance draft of the redacted form of this Amendment that the disclosing Party proposes to file, with not less than ten (10) Business Days for review, and shall incorporate the non-disclosing Party’s comments to the extent additional or other redactions requested by the non-disclosing Party are permitted, and may reasonably be afforded confidential treatment, under applicable law and such authority or agency’s then-current practice.	
 
3.2	Sections 11.4, 11.5, 11.6, 11.7, 11.9, 11.11, 11.13, 11.14 and 11.17 of the Agreement shall apply to this Amendment, mutatis mutandis.	
 
3.3	The Agreement, together with the Schedules thereto, as amended by this Amendment, contains the entire understanding of the Parties with respect to the Compounds and Products. Any other express or implied agreements, understandings, negotiations, writings and commitments, either oral or written, with respect to the subject matter of the Agreement are superseded by the terms of the Agreement as amended by this Amendment.	
[Signatures on the Following Page]
 
8

IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the Parties have executed this Amendment as of the Amendment Date.

SAMSUNG BIOEPIS CO., LTD.	 		 	MERCK SHARP & DOHME CORP.	
					
BY:	 	/s/ Christopher Ko	 		 	BY:	 	/s/ Roger M. Perlmutter	
NAME: Christopher Ko	 		 	NAME: Roger M. Perlmutter, M.D., Ph.D.	
TITLE: Representative Director	 		 	TITLE: EVP and President, MRL	
 
9

ATTACHMENT A
SCHEDULE 1.41
[* * *]
 
10
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ATTACHMENT B
SCHEDULE 1.56C
[* * *]
 
11
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Certain confidential information contained in this document, marked by brackets, has been omitted because it is both (i) not material and (ii) would be competitively harmful if publicly disclosed.
Exhibit 10.6
AMENDMENT NO. 2
TO
DEVELOPMENT AND COMMERCIALIZATION AGREEMENT
This Amendment No. 2 to Development and Commercialization Agreement (this “Amendment No. 2”) is effective as of Aug 2, 2017 (the “Amendment Date”), and is entered into by and between SAMSUNG BIOEPIS CO., LTD., a corporation organized and existing under the laws of the Republic of Korea (“Samsung”) and MERCK SHARP & DOHME CORP., a corporation organized and existing under the laws of the State of New Jersey, USA (“Merck”).
RECITALS:
WHEREAS, Samsung and Merck entered into a Development and Commercialization Agreement dated February 18, 2013 (the “Agreement”) whereby Merck became Samsung’s commercialization partner with respect to certain Biosimilars being developed by Samsung, upon the terms and conditions set forth therein;
WHEREAS, Samsung and Merck entered into an amendment dated July 21, 2014 to add another Biosimilar being developed by Samsung to the Agreement (“Amendment No. 1”); and
WHEREAS, Samsung and Merck now desire to further amend the Agreement upon the terms and conditions set forth herein, in order to (i) clarify risk sharing by the Parties with respect to Base Case Requirements and Upside Requirements (as those terms are defined below) of quantities of Products to be supplied by Samsung to Merck and Products discarded due to insufficient shelf-life, (ii) change the true-up period from annual to quarterly for purposes of true-up calculation; and (iii) expand the definition of Merck Costs;
NOW, THEREFORE, in consideration of the foregoing premises and the mutual covenants contained herein, the receipt and sufficiency of which are hereby acknowledged, Samsung and Merck hereby agree as follows:
ARTICLE 1 DEFINITIONS
Capitalized terms used but not otherwise defined in this Amendment No. 2 shall have the meanings ascribed to them in the Agreement or Amendment No. 1.

ARTICLE 2 SECOND AMENDMENT OF THE AGREEMENT
 
2.1	Article 1 of the Agreement is hereby amended as follows:	
 
 	2.1.1	Section 1.47a is hereby added to Article 1 as follows:	
1.47a “Base Case Requirements” means the Binding Forecast quantities of the Product, as determined by Merck, required by Merck for distribution, marketing and sale of the Product in the Territory.
 
 	2.1.2	Section 1.47b is hereby added to Article 1 as follows:	
1.47b “Strategic Stock” means additional quantities of the Product to be Manufactured by Samsung in response to the Upside Requirements requested by Merck, as determined by the D&OP Team and confirmed by the JSC, based on Samsung’s ability to supply these requirements and associated costs of Manufacture and discard risks due to insufficient remaining shelf-life of unsold Products.
 
 	2.1.3	Section 1.47c is hereby added to Article 1 as follows:	
1.47c “Safety Stock” means additional quantities of the Product to be Manufactured by Samsung, as determined by the D&OP Team and confirmed by the JSC, as extra stock for the mitigation of potential supply disruptions within the supply chain in order to be assured of meeting the Base Case Requirements of such Product.
 
 	2.1.4	Section 1.47d is hereby added to Article 1 as follows:	
1.47d “Upside Requirements” means additional quantities of the Product beyond the Base Case Requirements requested by Merck to be supplied by Samsung in order to meet additional demand due to significantly uncertain events, including but not limited to early regulatory approval, sudden increase in market demand such as winning a government tender, and earlier market launch than expected due to earlier favorable outcome of patent litigation.
 
 	2.1.5	Section 1.47e is hereby added to Article 1 as follows:	
1.47e “Remaining Inventory” means additional quantities of the Product, other than the Base Case Requirements, the Safety Stock, and the Strategic Stock, which Samsung elects, in its sole discretion, to Manufacture.
 
2.2	Article 6 of the Agreement is hereby amended as follows:	
 
 	2.2.1	Section 6.3.1 is hereby amended to read in its entirety as follows:	
 
 	6.3.1	Rolling Forecast and Discard Liability	
(A) No later than [* * *] days after submission of the first application for Marketing Authorization for any Product, Merck shall provide Samsung with an initial forecast of Merck’s Base Case Requirements and any Upside Requirements of Products for Commercialization in the Territory for each of the succeeding [* * *] Calendar Quarters. Thereafter, on or before the tenth (10th) day of January, April, July and October of each year during the Term, Merck shall provide Samsung with a rolling forecast of Merck’s Base Case Requirements and Upside Requirements of Products for Commercialization in the Territory for each of the succeeding [* * *] Calendar Quarters (each such initial and subsequent forecast being referred to herein as a “Rolling Forecast”).
 
2
[* * *]=[CONFIDENTIAL PORTION HAS BEEN OMITTED BECAUSE IT (I) IS NOT MATERIAL AND (II) WOULD BE COMPETITIVELY HARMFUL IF PUBLICLY DISCLOSED.]

(B) Merck’s forecasts of Upside Requirements will be communicated by Merck in the Rolling Forecasts of the Product separately from the Base Case Requirements and will further include the underlying assumptions and estimated probability that the unanticipated event which justifies the additional quantities to be Manufactured will occur, as well as the probability that Merck may be able to timely Commercialize all or some of the quantities included in the Upside Requirements.
(C) Within [* * *] days following Samsung’s receipt of Merck’s quarterly Rolling Forecast, the D&OP Team shall agree on (i) the quantity of Strategic Stock of the Products necessary to meet the Upside Requirements, and (ii) the quantity of Safety Stock of the Products required to mitigate supply interruptions of Base Case Requirements of such Products. Final Strategic Stock and Safety Stock supply quantities will require mutual agreement by both Parties.
(D) Within [* * *] days after the D&OP Team agrees on the Strategic Stock quantity and the Safety Stock quantity, the D&OP will submit to the JSC members by email, for concurrence by email, a written supply plan indicating the monthly supply requirements to meet the Base Case Requirements, the Strategic Stock and the Safety Stock, and SB’s Remaining Inventory (if any) planned for production.
 
 	2.2.2	Section 6.5.1 is hereby amended to read in its entirety as follows:	
6.5.1 If a Product is approved with a [* * *] or greater shelf life, Samsung shall be obligated to deliver the Product to Merck within [* * *] of the completion of the final sterile filtration of such Product and with at least [* * *] of the approved shelf life remaining. Notwithstanding the foregoing, the Parties acknowledge that, due to processing, quality testing and/or release timing requirements for the Product, Samsung may, on occasion, be unable to deliver the Product within such [* * *] period and/or with at least [* * *] of the approved shelf life remaining, despite the exercise of Commercially Reasonable Efforts to do so; in such case, such inability shall not, standing alone, constitute a breach of this Agreement. Should Samsung have any inventory of Product that does not meet both of the above criteria, the D&OP Team shall review such inventory, and Merck may, in its sole discretion, accept such Product after the [* * *] deadline and/or with less than [* * *] of the approved shelf life remaining, on a case-by-case basis. If the Product is rejected by Merck due to insufficient shelf-life, Samsung may not incorporate in Samsung Costs any Operational Costs and other costs associated with the resulting discarded Product.
 
3
[* * *]=[CONFIDENTIAL PORTION HAS BEEN OMITTED BECAUSE IT (I) IS NOT MATERIAL AND (II) WOULD BE COMPETITIVELY HARMFUL IF PUBLICLY DISCLOSED.]

 	2.2.3	Section 6.5.2 is hereby amended to read in its entirety as follows:	
6.5.2 During any period when a Product is approved by the Regulatory Authorities to be labeled with a shelf life of less than [* * *], Samsung shall use Commercially Reasonable Efforts to deliver the Product to Merck within [* * *] of the completion of the final sterile filtration of such Product. Notwithstanding the foregoing, the Parties acknowledge that, due to processing, quality testing and/or release timing requirements for the Product, Samsung may, on occasion, be unable to deliver the Product within such [* * *] period despite the exercise of Commercially Reasonable Efforts to do so; in such case, a failure to comply with the [* * *] deadline shall not, standing alone, constitute a breach of this Agreement. Merck and Samsung will discuss in good faith on a case-by-case basis how best to address any Product with insufficient remaining shelf-life.
 
2.3	New Section 6.15 is added as follows.	
6.15 Responsibility for Losses. The Parties agree to allocate losses or damage to Products or destruction of Products due to expiration of the shelf-life as described in new Schedule 6.15 as set forth in Attachment B hereto.
 
2.4	Schedule 1.54 of the Agreement is hereby amended to read in its entirety as set forth in Attachment A hereto.	
ARTICLE 3 MISCELLANEOUS
 
3.1	In the event a Party is required to file a copy of this Amendment No. 2 with a Regulatory Authority or any other governmental authority or agency, (i) such Party shall redact (A) the list of Biosimilars (and references to all or part of them) set forth in Section 2.1.2 and in other provisions of this Amendment No. 2 and (B) other commercially sensitive information from such copy to the extent permitted under applicable law and (ii) such Party shall provide the other Party with an advance draft of the redacted form of this Amendment No. 2 that the disclosing Party proposes to file, with not less than ten (10) Business Days for review, and shall incorporate the non-disclosing Party’s comments to the extent additional or other redactions requested by the non-disclosing Party are permitted, and may reasonably be afforded confidential treatment, under applicable law and such authority or agency’s then-current practice.	
 
3.2	Sections 11.4, 11.5, 11.6, 11.7, 11.9, 11.11, 11.13, 11.14, 11.15, 11.16 and 11.17 of the Agreement shall apply to this Amendment No. 2, mutatis mutandis.	
 
3.3	The Schedules attached to this Amendment No. 2 are incorporated herein by reference and shall be deemed a part of the Agreement, as amended by this Amendment No. 2. The Agreement, as amended by Amendment No. 1 and this Amendment No. 2, may be amended, or any term hereof modified, only by a written instrument duly executed by authorized representative(s) of both Parties.[Signatures on the Following Page]	
 
4
[* * *]=[CONFIDENTIAL PORTION HAS BEEN OMITTED BECAUSE IT (I) IS NOT MATERIAL AND (II) WOULD BE COMPETITIVELY HARMFUL IF PUBLICLY DISCLOSED.]

IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the Parties have executed this Amendment No. 2 as of the Amendment Date.

SAMSUNG BIOEPIS CO., LTD.	 		 	MERCK SHARP & DOHME CORP.	
					
BY:	 	/s/ Christopher Ko	 		 	BY:	 	/s/ Joseph B. Promo	
NAME: Christopher Ko	 		 	NAME: Joseph B. Promo	
TITLE: Representative Director	 		 	TITLE: Assistant Treasurer	
 
5

ATTACHMENT A
SCHEDULE 1.54
[* * *]
 
6
[* * *]=[CONFIDENTIAL PORTION HAS BEEN OMITTED BECAUSE IT (I) IS NOT MATERIAL AND (II) WOULD BE COMPETITIVELY HARMFUL IF PUBLICLY DISCLOSED.]

ATTACHMENT B
SCHEDULE 6.15
[* * *]
 
7
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Exhibit 10.7
EXECUTION COPY
AMENDMENT NO. 3 TO
DEVELOPMENT AND COMMERCIALIZATION AGREEMENT
This Amendment No. 3 to Development and Commercialization Agreement (this “Amendment No. 3) is effective as of October 1, 2017 (the “Amendment Effective Date”) and is entered into by and between:
SAMSUNG BIOEPIS CO., LTD., a corporation organized and existing under the laws of the Republic of Korea with a place of business at Cheomdan-daero 107, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon, 21987, Republic of Korea (hereinafter referred to as “Samsung”); and
MERCK SHARP & DOHME CORP., a corporation organized and existing under the laws of the State of New Jersey, USA, with a place of business at One Merck Drive, Whitehouse Station, NJ 08889, USA (hereinafter referred to as “Merck”).
Samsung and Merck are hereinafter referred to jointly as the “Parties” and individually as a “Party”.
RECITALS
WHEREAS
(i) On February 18, 2013, Samsung and Merck executed the Development and Commercialization Agreement, as amended on July 21, 2014 and July 11, 2017 (“DCA or Agreement”), for the purpose of, among other things, granting Merck an exclusive license (even as to Samsung) to Commercialize any and all Compounds and Products in the Territory.
(ii) The Parties have agreed to exclude the Republic of Korea from the Territory as of the Amendment Effective Date and to specify the rights and obligations of the Parties with respect to the transition to Samsung of the Commercialization of the Compounds and Products in the Republic of Korea. For clarity, such agreement by Merck shall not be used in support or furtherance of any argument, claim or contention that Merck has breached any of its obligations under the DCA with respect to the Commercialization of Products in Korea.
NOW THEREFORE, in consideration of the foregoing premises and the mutual covenants contained herein, the receipt and sufficiency of which are hereby acknowledged, the Parties agree as follows:
I. DEFINITIONS
The Parties agree that capitalized terms used but not otherwise defined in this Amendment No. 3 shall have the meanings ascribed thereto in the DCA.
II. AMENDMENT
Section 1.56 is hereby amended to read in its entirety as follows:
“Territory” shall mean the following:
 
 	1.56.1	With respect to (i) Bevacizumab/Avastin Biosimilar, (ii) Cetuximab/Erbitux Biosimilar and (iii) Trastuzumab/Herceptin Biosimilar, all of the countries in the world, and their territories and possessions, excluding, however, the Republic of Korea;	

 	1.56.2	With respect to (i) Adalimumab/Humira Biosimilar and (ii) Infliximab/Remicade Biosimilar, all of the countries in the world, and their territories and possessions, excluding, however, the Republic of Korea and the countries, territories and possessions set forth on Schedule 1.56A; provided that the countries, territories and possessions set forth on Schedule 1.56B shall be part of the Territory with respect to Adalimumab/Humira Biosimilar and Infliximab/Remicade Biosimilar commencing on July 1, 2014; and	
 
 	1.56.3	With respect to Etanercept/Enbrel Biosimilar, all of the countries in the world, and their territories and possessions, excluding, however, the Republic of Korea and the countries, territories and possessions set forth on Schedule 1.56C.	
III. MISCELLANEOUS
 
3.1	In the event a Party is required to file a copy of this Amendment No. 3 with a Regulatory Authority or any other governmental authority or agency, (i) such Party shall redact commercially sensitive information from such copy to the extent permitted under applicable law and (ii) such Party shall provide the other Party with an advance draft of the redacted form of this Amendment No. 3 that the disclosing Party proposes to file, with not less than ten (10) Business Days for review, and shall incorporate the non-disclosing Party’s comments to the extent additional or other redactions requested by the non-disclosing Party are permitted, and may reasonably be afforded confidential treatment, under applicable law and such authority or agency’s then-current practice.	
 
3.2	Sections 11.4, 11.5, 11.6, 11.7, 11.9, and 11.11 through 11.17 of the Agreement shall apply to this Amendment No. 3, mutatis mutandis.	
 
3.3	The Agreement, as amended by this Amendment No. 3, together with the Schedules to the Agreement and any other agreements executed by authorized representatives of the Parties that make reference to the Agreement, contains the entire understanding of the Parties with respect to the Compounds and Products. Any other express or implied agreements, understandings, negotiations, writings and commitments, either oral or written, with respect to the subject matter of the Agreement are superseded by the terms of the Agreement as amended by this Amendment No. 3.	

IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the Parties, intending to be legally bound, have caused this Amendment No. 3 to be executed by their duly authorized representatives as of the Amendment Date.

 
									
MERCK SHARP & DOHME CORP.	 		 	SAMSUNG BIOEPIS CO., LTD.	
					
By:	 	/s/ Joseph B. Promo	 		 	By:	 	/s/ Christopher Hansung Ko	
Name: Joseph B. Promo	 		 	Name: Christopher Hansung Ko	
Title: Assistant Treasurer	 		 	Title: Chief Executive Officer	
			
Date: October 6, 2017	 		 	Date: October 10, 2017	

Exhibit 10.8
EXECUTION COPY
AMENDMENT NO. 4 TO
DEVELOPMENT AND COMMERCIALIZATION AGREEMENT
This Amendment No. 4 to Development and Commercialization Agreement (this “Amendment No. 4”) is effective as of September 1, 2018 (the “Amendment Effective Date”) and is entered into by and between:
SAMSUNG BIOEPIS CO., LTD., a corporation organized and existing under the laws of the Republic of Korea with a place of business at Cheomdan-daero 107, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon, 21987, Republic of Korea (hereinafter referred to as “Samsung”); and
MERCK SHARP & DOHME CORP., a corporation organized and existing under the laws of the State of New Jersey, USA, with a place of business at One Merck Drive, Whitehouse Station, NJ 08889, USA (hereinafter referred to as “Merck”).
Samsung and Merck are hereinafter referred to jointly as the “Parties” and individually as a “Party.”
RECITALS
WHEREAS
 
 	(i)	On February 18, 2013, Samsung and Merck executed the Development and Commercialization Agreement, as amended on July 21, 2014, July 11, 2017, and October 1, 2017 (“DCA or Agreement”), for the purpose of, among other things, granting Merck the sole responsibility for the Commercialization of Compounds and Products throughout the Territory.	
 
 	(ii)	In exercising its Commercialization responsibility, on August 2, 2018, Merck was informed that it was awarded the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs National Contract (“National Contract”) for infliximab (Renflexis®), contract no. 36E79718D0033, pursuant to which Renflexis® will be placed on a one-year U.S. federal nation-wide contract with an effective date of September 1, 2018, with an option of four subsequent one-year renewal periods.	
 
 	(iii)	As a condition of being awarded the National Contract, certain Federal Acquisition Regulation (“FAR”) clauses were incorporated by reference into the National Contract that, by their terms, must be made part of the Agreement.	
NOW THEREFORE, in consideration of the foregoing premises and the mutual covenants contained herein, the receipt and sufficiency of which are hereby acknowledged, the Parties agree as follows:
I. DEFINITIONS
The Parties agree that capitalized terms used but not otherwise defined in this Amendment No. 4 shall have the meanings ascribed thereto in the Agreement.

II. AMENDMENT
 
 	2.1	Section 2.5 is hereby amended to add the following subsection:	
 
 	2.5.5	In recognition of Merck having been awarded the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs National Contract for infliximab (Renflexis®), contract no. 36E79718D0033, with an effective date of September 1, 2018, Samsung represents and warrants that it will comply with the Federal Acquisition Regulations (“FARs”) listed in the attached Schedule 2, which are hereby incorporated into the Agreement.	
 
 	2.2	Section 2A.3 is hereby amended to add the following subsection:	
 
 	2A.3.5	In recognition of Merck having been awarded the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs National Contract for infliximab (Renflexis®), contract no. 36E79718D0033, with an effective date of September 1, 2018, Merck represents and warrants that it will comply with the Federal Acquisition Regulations (“FARs”) listed in the attached Schedule 2, which are hereby incorporated into the Agreement.	
III. MISCELLANEOUS
 
 	3.1	In the event a Party is required to file a copy of this Amendment No. 4 with a Regulatory Authority or any other governmental authority or agency, (i) such Party shall redact commercially sensitive information from such copy to the extent permitted under applicable law and (ii) such Party shall provide the other Party with an advance draft of the redacted form of this Amendment No. 4 that the disclosing Party proposes to file, with not less than ten (10) Business Days for review, and shall incorporate the non-disclosing Party’s comments to the extent additional or other redactions requested by the non-disclosing Party are permitted, and may reasonably be afforded confidential treatment, under applicable law and such authority or agency’s then-current practice.	
 
 	3.2	Sections 11.4, 11.5, 11.6, 11.7, 11.9, and 11.11 through 11.17 of the Agreement shall apply to this Amendment No. 4, mutatis mutandis.	
 
 	3.3	The Agreement, as amended by this Amendment No. 4, together with the Schedules to the Agreement and any other agreements executed by authorized representatives of the Parties that make reference to the Agreement, contains the entire understanding of the Parties with respect to the Compounds and Products. Any other express or implied agreements, understandings, negotiations, writings and commitments, either oral or written, with respect to the subject matter of the Agreement are superseded by the terms of the Agreement as amended by this Amendment No. 4.	
 
 	3.4	This Amendment No. 4 may be signed in any number of counterparts (including by facsimile or electronic transmission), each of which shall be deemed an original, but all of which shall constitute one and the same instrument, it being understood and agreed that the Parties need not sign the same counterpart.	

IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the Parties, intending to be legally bound, have caused this Amendment No. 4 to be executed by their duly authorized representatives as of the Amendment Date.

MERCK SHARP & DOHME CORP.	 		 	SAMSUNG BIOEPIS CO., LTD	
					
By:	 	/s/ Michael Schwartz	 		 	By:	 	/s/ Klaus Falk	
Name:	 	Michael Schwartz	 		 	Name:	 	Klaus Falk	
Title:	 	Assistant Treasurer	 		 	Title:	 	Vice President	
					
Date:	 	August 27, 2018	 		 	Date:	 	August 30, 2018	

SCHEDULE 2
The Federal Acquisition Regulation (“FAR”) clauses set forth below are incorporated by reference into the Agreement to which this Schedule relates, with the force and effect as though set forth in full text herein. The full text of FAR clauses may be accessed electronically at http://www.acquisition.gov. The provisions included in this Schedule are required by Merck’s National Contract with the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs.

	FAR CLAUSE	  	TITLE	
52.203-13	  	Contractor Code of Business Ethics and Conduct (Oct 2015)		
			
52.203-19	  	Prohibition on Requiring Certain Internal Confidentiality Agreements or Statements (Jan 2017)		
			
52.219-8	  	Utilization of Small Business Concerns (Nov 2016)		
			
52.222-50	  	Combating Trafficking in Persons (Mar 2015)		
Additional FAR-Related Clauses
The following additional clauses, which reference applicable FARs, are included in the Agreement as set forth below:
 
1.	Payments to Influence Certain Federal Transactions. Pursuant to FAR 52.203-11 and FAR 52.203-12, Samsung and Merck hereby certify to the best of their knowledge and belief that no Federal appropriated funds have been or will be paid to any person influencing or attempting to influence an officer or employee of any U.S. agency, a Member of Congress, an officer or employee of Congress, or an employee of a Member of Congress on its behalf in connection with the awarding of the National Contract.	
 
2.	Reporting Executive Compensation and Award. If applicable, Samsung and Merck will each provide the other Party with any information necessary to satisfy the obligations under FAR 52.204-10, Reporting Executive Compensation and First-Tier Subcontract Awards (Oct 2016), including the information specified in FAR 52.204-10(d)(2) and the information set forth in FAR 52.204-10(d)(3). Any information provided pursuant to this provision will be publicly disclosed.	
 
3.	Non-Discrimination and Other Labor Requirements. Samsung and Merck will, if applicable, abide by the requirements of 41 C.F.R. §§ 60-1.4, 60-1.7, 60-1.35(c), 60-300.5(a), 60-741.5(a), and 29 C.F.R. part 471, Appendix A to Subpart A, as updated from time to time. Among other requirements, these regulations prohibit discrimination against qualified individuals based on their status as protected veterans or individuals with disabilities, and prohibit discrimination against all individuals based on their race, color, religion, sex, sexual orientation, gender identity, or national origin. Moreover, when applicable, these regulations require that covered prime contractors and subcontractors take affirmative action to employ and advance in employment individuals without regard to race, color, religion, sex, sexual orientation, gender identity, national origin, disability, or veteran status.	

4.	U.S. Government Reporting. No confidentiality provision included in the Agreement may be construed to prohibit or otherwise restrict Samsung or Merck from lawfully reporting waste, fraud, or abuse to a designated investigative or law enforcement representative of the federal department or agency authorized to receive such information under the procurement.	
 
5.	No Support of Terrorism. Samsung and Merck acknowledge that U.S. executive orders and laws, including but not limited to Executive Order 13224 and Public Law 107-56, prohibit transactions with, and the provision of resources and support to, individuals and organizations associated with terrorism. It is the legal responsibility of Samsung and Merck to ensure compliance with these executive orders and laws. This clause must be included in all subcontracts under this Agreement.	

Exhibit 10.9
EXECUTION COPY
AMENDMENT NO. 5 TO
DEVELOPMENT AND COMMERCIALIZATION AGREEMENT
This Amendment No. 5 to Development and Commercialization Agreement (this “Amendment No. 5”) is effective as of October 15, 2018 (the “Amendment Effective Date”) and is entered into by and between:
SAMSUNG BIOEPIS CO., LTD., a corporation organized and existing under the laws of the Republic of Korea with a place of business at Cheomdan-daero 107, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon, 21987, Republic of Korea (hereinafter referred to as “Samsung”); and
MERCK SHARP & DOHME CORP., a corporation organized and existing under the laws of the State of New Jersey, USA, with a place of business at One Merck Drive, Whitehouse Station, NJ 08889, USA (hereinafter referred to as “Merck”).
Samsung and Merck are hereinafter referred to jointly as the “Parties” and individually as a “Party”.
RECITALS
WHEREAS
(i) On February 18, 2013, Samsung and Merck executed the Development and Commercialization Agreement, as amended on July 21, 2014, July 11, 2017 and October 1, 2017 (“DCA or Agreement”), for the purpose of, among other things, granting Merck an exclusive license (even as to Samsung) to Commercialize any and all Compounds and Products in the Territory.
(ii) The Parties have agreed to exclude the People’s Republic of China (including for the avoidance of doubt Hong Kong and Macau) and the Republic of China (Taiwan) (collectively, “Greater China”) from the Territory as of the Amendment Effective Date and to specify the rights and obligations of the Parties with respect to the transition to Samsung of the Commercialization of the Compounds and Products in Greater China. For clarity, such agreement by Merck shall not be used in support or furtherance of any argument, claim or contention that Merck has breached any of its obligations under the DCA with respect to the Commercialization of Products in Greater China.
NOW THEREFORE, in consideration of the foregoing premises and the mutual covenants contained herein, the receipt and sufficiency of which are hereby acknowledged, the Parties agree as follows:
I. DEFINITIONS
The Parties agree that capitalized terms used but not otherwise defined in this Amendment No. 5 shall have the meanings ascribed thereto in the DCA.

II. AMENDMENT
 
 	(a)	Section 1.56 of the DCA is hereby amended to read in its entirety as follows:	
“Territory” shall mean the following:
 
 	1.56.1	With respect to (i) Bevacizumab/Avastin Biosimilar, (ii) Cetuximab/Erbitux Biosimilar and (iii) Trastuzumab/Herceptin Biosimilar, all of the countries in the world, and their territories and possessions, excluding, however, the Republic of Korea and Greater China;	
 
 	1.56.2	With respect to (i) Adalimumab/Humira Biosimilar and (ii) Infliximab/Remicade Biosimilar, all of the countries in the world, and their territories and possessions, excluding, however, the Republic of Korea, Greater China and the countries, territories and possessions set forth on Schedule 1.56A; provided that the countries, territories and possessions set forth on Schedule 1.56B shall be part of the Territory with respect to Adalimumab/Humira Biosimilar and Infliximab/Remicade Biosimilar commencing on July 1, 2014; and	
 
 	1.56.3	With respect to Etanercept/Enbrel Biosimilar, all of the countries in the world, and their territories and possessions, excluding, however, the Republic of Korea, Greater China and the countries, territories and possessions set forth on Schedule 1.56C.	
 
 	(b)	Section 3.6 of the DCA is hereby amended to include the following at the end of such section:	
For the duration of the DCA, (a) Samsung (i) shall, and shall cause its Affiliates, licensees, Sublicensees and distributors to, Commercialize the Product only outside the Territory, and (ii) shall not, and shall not permit its Affiliates, licensees, Sublicensees or distributors to, distribute, market, promote, offer for sale or sell the Product directly or indirectly (A) to any person inside the Territory (other than Merck) or (B) to any person outside the Territory that is reasonably likely to directly or indirectly distribute, market, promote, offer for sale or sell the Product inside the Territory or, in each case ((A)-(B)), assist (directly or indirectly) another person to do so; (b) if Samsung or any of its Affiliates receives, or becomes aware of receipt by a licensee, Sublicensee or distributor of, any orders for the Product for inside the Territory, such person shall refer such orders to Merck; and (c) Samsung shall use Commercially Reasonable Efforts to cause its Affiliates, licensees, Sublicensees and distributors to notify Samsung of any receipt of any orders for the Product for inside the Territory.
III. MISCELLANEOUS
 
3.1	In the event that either Party, or any Affiliate, contractor or distributor of either Party, wishes to make a public announcement or issue a press release regarding the return of Commercialization rights with respect to one or more of the Products in Greater China, such Party will, or as applicable, shall cause such Party’s Affiliate, contractor or distributor	

 	to, provide the other Party with a draft of such public announcement or press release at least seven (7) Business Days prior to the intended publication or announcement date for review and approval, which approval will not be unreasonably withheld or delayed, and shall incorporate any changes reasonably requested by such other Party. Both Parties shall not, and shall cause their respective Affiliates not to, directly or indirectly through any person disparage the other Party or any of its Affiliates in any way that could adversely affect the goodwill, reputation or business relationships of such Party or any of its Affiliates with the public generally, or with any of their distributors, customers, suppliers or employees.	
 
3.2	In the event a Party is required to file a copy of this Amendment No. 5 with a Regulatory Authority or any other governmental authority or agency, (i) such Party shall redact commercially sensitive information from such copy to the extent permitted under applicable law and (ii) such Party shall provide the other Party with an advance draft of the redacted form of this Amendment No. 5 that the disclosing Party proposes to file, with not less than ten (10) Business Days for review, and shall incorporate the non-disclosing Party’s comments to the extent additional or other redactions requested by the non-disclosing Party are permitted, and may reasonably be afforded confidential treatment, under applicable law and such authority or agency’s then-current practice.	
 
3.3	Sections 11.4, 11.5, 11.6, 11.7, 11.9, and 11.11 through 11.17 of the Agreement shall apply to this Amendment No. 5, inutatis mutandis.	
 
3.4	From and after the Amendment Effective Date, Merck will continue to send any Adverse Event information received in China to Samsung per the timeframes outlined in the Pharmacovigilance Agreement entered into between the Parties on September 24, 2014 and amended as of March 27, 2018; however, Samsung will assume responsibility for all pharmacovigilance activities including obtaining follow-up information for the events occurring in China. Within sixty (60) days after the Amendment Effective Date, the Parties shall execute an amendment to the Pharmacovigilance Agreement to reflect the changes outlined in this Amendment No. 5 to remove the terms specific to China.	
 
3.4	The Agreement, as amended by this Amendment No. 5, together with the Schedules to the Agreement and any other agreements executed by authorized representatives of the Parties that make reference to the Agreement, contains the entire understanding of the Parties with respect to the Compounds and Products. Any other express or implied agreements, understandings, negotiations, writings and commitments, either oral or written, with respect to the subject matter of the Agreement are superseded by the terms of the Agreement as amended by this Amendment No.54.	
 
3.5	This Amendment No. 5 may be signed in any number of counterparts (including by facsimile or electronic transmission), each of which shall he deemed an original, but all of which shall constitute one and the same instrument, it being understood and agreed that the Parties need not sign the same counterpart.	

IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the Parties, intending to be legally bound, have caused this Amendment No. 5 to be executed by their duly authorized representatives as of the Amendment Effective Date.

 
									
MERCK SHARP & DOHME CORP.	 		 	SAMSUNG BIOEPIS CO., LTD.	
					
By:	 	/s/ Juanita Lee	 		 	By:	 	/s/ Christopher H. Ko	
Name:	 	Juanita Lee	 		 	Name:	 	Christopher H. Ko	
Title:	 	Assistant Treasurer	 		 	Title:	 	Representative Director and President	
					
Date:	 	October 18, 2018	 		 	Date:	 	October 18, 2018	

Certain confidential information contained in this document, marked by brackets, has been omitted because it is both (i) not material and (ii) would be competitively harmful if publicly disclosed.
Exhibit 10.10
AMENDMENT NO. 6 TO DEVELOPMENT AND COMMERCIALIZATION AGREEMENT
This Amendment No. 6 to Development and Commercialization Agreement (this “Amendment No. 6”) is effective as of December 19, 2018 (the “Amendment Date”) and is entered into by and between:
SAMSUNG BIOEPIS CO., LTD., with head offices at Cheomdan-daero 107, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon, 21987, Republic of Korea, represented herein in accordance with its Corporate Documents, hereinafter referred to as (“Samsung”); and
MERCK SHARP & DOHME CORP., a corporation organized and existing under the laws of the State of New Jersey, United States of America, represented herein in accordance with its Corporate Documents, hereinafter referred to as (“Merck”).
Samsung and Merck are hereinafter referred to jointly as the “Parties” and individually as a “Party”.
RECITALS
WHEREAS
(i) On February 18, 2013, Samsung and Merck executed the Development and Commercialization Agreement, as amended on July 21, 2014, July 11, 2017, October 1st, 2017, Sept 1st, 2018 and Oct 15, 2018 (“DCA or Agreement”), for the purpose of, among other things, granting Merck an exclusive license (even as to Samsung) to Commercialize any and all Compounds and Products in the Territory.
(ii) Merck presented to Samsung background information about the possibility of commercialization of certain Products in Brazil by local laboratories, under the Partnership for Productive Development (the “PDP Program”) established by the Brazilian Unified Health System (“SUS”).
(iii) Samsung, after conducting its own due diligence with its external advisors, has elected to participate in the PDP Program by engaging [* * *] collectively referred to as “Local Labs”) as a local partner for the purpose of PDP Program, according to the definition set forth in the relevant legislation (the “PDP Application”).
(iv) The Local Labs shall commercialize the Products listed in Attachment 1 to this Amendment No. 6, including their intermediates (i.e., finished product, semi-finished product, bulk drug substance, working cell bank) for the PDP Program in Brazil (collectively, the “PDP Program Products”).
 
[* * *]=[CONFIDENTIAL PORTION HAS BEEN OMITTED BECAUSE IT (I) IS NOT MATERIAL AND (II) WOULD BE COMPETITIVELY HARMFUL IF PUBLICLY DISCLOSED.]

(v) Samsung and [* * *] submitted an adjustment to the PDP Program between [* * *], as approved by the Brazilian Ministry of Health (“MoH”) with respect to the commercialization of the PDP Program Products in Brazil in order to have Samsung as the new international technology partner. Such submission has been approved by the MoH.
(vi) Notwithstanding Merck’s exclusive right to Commercialize the Compounds and Products in the Territory, the Parties have agreed that, solely in the Brazilian market and for the PDP Program only:
(a) Local Labs will have the exclusive right and obligation of Commercialization of the PDP Program Products in Brazil in accordance with the provisions below.
(b) after achieving certain milestones in the PDP Program, Samsung will Develop and Manufacture the PDP Program Products with the Local Labs.
(c) under the PDP Program, Merck, directly or through any Merck Affiliate, will be responsible for purchasing from Samsung and selling and exporting the PDP Program Products to [* * *] in order to allow the supply of the PDP Program Products in Brazil.
NOW THEREFORE, in consideration of the foregoing premises and the mutual covenants contained herein, the receipt and sufficiency of which are hereby acknowledged, the Parties agree as follows:
ARTICLE 1. DEFINITIONS
The Parties agree that (i) capitalized terms used but not otherwise defined in this Amendment No. 6 shall have the meanings ascribed thereto in the DCA; and (ii) capitalized terms defined herein, shall be incorporated by reference into “Article 1 – Definitions” of the DCA.
ARTICLE 2. THIRD AMENDMENT OF THE AGREEMENT
2.1 New Section 2A.4 of the DCA is hereby added as follows:
2A.4 Commercialization of PDP Program Products.
(a) The Commercialization of PDP Program Products to the Brazilian Federal Government to supply SUS will be performed by the Local Labs under the PDP Program. Under the PDP Program, Samsung agrees to transfer the necessary technology, to enable the Local Labs to Manufacture the PDP Program Products in Brazil (“Technology Transfer”). It is contemplated that the Technology Transfer will be conducted in subsequent phases, contingent of the Local Labs meeting threshold requirements to move from one phase to the next phase, based on demonstration of pre-determined manufacturing/technical/quality capabilities, facilities readiness, and product quality targets, as they apply to the technology transfer stage being executed. During the period of the Technology Transfer from Samsung to the Local Labs, Merck shall have the exclusive right to supply such PDP Program Products to [* * *]. As a result, Samsung, Merck, and [* * *] shall enter into a supply agreement defining each entity’s roles and responsibilities with respect to the supply and purchase of the PDP Program Products (the “PDP Program Supply Agreement”). In
 
[* * *]=[CONFIDENTIAL PORTION HAS BEEN OMITTED BECAUSE IT (I) IS NOT MATERIAL AND (II) WOULD BE COMPETITIVELY HARMFUL IF PUBLICLY DISCLOSED.]

addition, Samsung and the Local Labs shall enter into agreements ruling the PDP Program activities and the technology transfer, including, but not limiting to, a master agreement setting the general conditions for the PDP Program for all PDP Program Products and a specific technology transfer agreement for each of the PDP Programs Products (the “Technology Transfer Agreements”) and other ancillary agreements defining each entity’s roles and responsibilities with respect to the PDP Program, including but not limited to, Technology Transfer, Commercialization, quality, pharmacovigilance, and regulatory activities related to the PDP Program Products (the “PDP Program Agreements”).
(b) The Parties hereby agree that, notwithstanding Sections 2A1, 3.1.4 and 3.6 of this Agreement, Merck agrees to waive its rights to Commercialization and consents that the Local Labs shall have the exclusive right to Commercialization of the PDP Program Products for the PDP Program only. The PDP Program Agreements shall provide that Local Labs shall also be responsible for all regulatory activities and pharmacovigilance activities, as well as other ancillary obligations relating to Commercialization of the PDP Program Products. Merck will have no obligations or responsibilities for the Commercialization, regulatory and pharmacovigilance activities relating to Commercialization of the PDP Program Products in Brazil.
(c) As required under Section 3.5, Samsung shall continue to have the obligation for the Development and Manufacture of the Products and to conduct and perform any and all regulatory activities relating thereto, with respect to the PDP Program Products; provided, however, that Samsung shall have the obligation to perform all steps reasonably necessary to complete the Technology Transfer to enable the Public Labs to conduct the Manufacturing of the PDP Program Products and for performing all regulatory activities related thereto. At such time when the Local Labs can demonstrate that they are able to Manufacture the PDP Program Products in accordance with Samsung’s product specification and respective regulatory approval in Brazil, and in quantities necessary to supply the PDP Program, Samsung will be excused from the obligation to Manufacture PDP Program Products and all regulatory activities related thereto. Until such time the Technology Transfer has been completed, Merck shall purchase the applicable PDP Program Products from Samsung and resell those PDP Program Products to [* * *] in accordance with the terms and conditions of the PDP Program Supply Agreement.
(d) Notwithstanding Merck’s waiver of the Commercialization right at local level provided herein above, Samsung hereby agrees that any and all commercial matters related to the PDP Program Products (forecast, minimum volumes, delivery and payment terms, margins, prices to the MoH, supply price to the partner, definition of portfolio of products, execution of supply agreements related to each PDP Program Product - such agreements which shall dictate time to launch of such product -, commercial intelligence, marketing and promotional investments definitions) will be subject to mutual prior express agreement.
(e) For the avoidance of doubt, Merck will not interfere with Samsung’s termination rights provided under the terms of the PDP Program Agreements; provided Samsung complies with applicable law in exercising such termination rights.
 
[* * *]=[CONFIDENTIAL PORTION HAS BEEN OMITTED BECAUSE IT (I) IS NOT MATERIAL AND (II) WOULD BE COMPETITIVELY HARMFUL IF PUBLICLY DISCLOSED.]

2.2 Section 3.5(a) is amended in its entirety as follows (changes italicized and underlined):
3.5(a) Samsung shall have sole responsibility for the Development of Compounds and Products, the Manufacturing of Compounds and Products, and all regulatory activities relating to the Development or Manufacturing of Compounds and Products, throughout the Territory; provided, however, during the Technology Transfer, the Development and Manufacturing of the PDP Program Products and related regulatory activities shall be transferred from Samsung to the Local Labs, as agreed to under the PDP Program Agreements. Samsung shall use Commercially Reasonable Efforts, at its own expense, to Develop and Manufacture each Product. As reasonably requested by Samsung, Merck shall provide clinical and/regulatory input to Samsung with respect to Compound(s) or Product(s). Throughout the Territory, Samsung shall be the holder of the Marketing Authorizations for the Products; provided, however, that (i) Merck shall be the holder of a Clone of Samsung’s Marketing Authorizations for the Products in the European Union (where applicable) and (ii) [* * *]shall be the holder of the Marketing Authorizations for the PDP Program Products in Brazil.
2.3 New Section 3.11 of the DCA is hereby added as follows:
3.11 IP Licenses Concerning PDP Program. In order to facilitate the Commercialization of the PDP Program Products as described in this Amendment No. 6, the Parties agree that:
(i) Merck hereby waives its exclusive rights set out under Section 3.1.1 above specifically to the Commercialization of the PDP Program Products for the PDP Program only and hereby consents to have the Local Labs Commercialize the PDP Program Products for the PDP Program only, with no right to export such PDP Program Products outside of Brazil except for Mercosur countries in emergency events as agreed to between the Parties in the PDP Supply Agreement. Notwithstanding the foregoing, Merck may waive its Commercialization rights for other countries on a case by case basis in writing. This waiver does not affect Merck’s right to sell, import and export the PDP Program Products to the Local Labs;
(ii) Merck hereby consents to Samsung’s sublicensing to the Local Labs the rights to the Merck Patent Rights and the Merck Know-How granted to Samsung under Section 3.1.3 and Merck’s other patent rights granted under Section 3.2.2, in each case solely for purposes of Manufacturing the PDP Program Products in Brazil with no right to export outside of Brazil except for Mercosur countries in emergency events as agreed to between the Parties in the PDP Supply Agreement. Notwithstanding the foregoing, Merck may waive its Commercialization rights for other countries on a case by case basis in writing.
(iii) the licenses granted by Merck to Samsung under Sections 3.1.3 and 3.2.2 are hereby expanded to cover Commercialization of the PDP Program Products, and Merck hereby consents to Samsung’s sublicensing to the Local Labs the rights to the Merck Patent Rights, the Merck Know-How, and Merck’s other patents rights granted under those Sections, in each case, solely for purposes of Commercializing the PDP Program Products as contemplated under Amendment No. 6; and
 
[* * *]=[CONFIDENTIAL PORTION HAS BEEN OMITTED BECAUSE IT (I) IS NOT MATERIAL AND (II) WOULD BE COMPETITIVELY HARMFUL IF PUBLICLY DISCLOSED.]

(iv) notwithstanding Section 3.7, Merck waives the right to create, develop, select, approve, or own the Trademarks under which the PDP Program Products are to be Commercialized by the Local Labs and hereby consents Samsung to grant rights to the Local Labs to create, develop, select, approve, or own the Trademarks under which the PDP Program Products are to be Commercialized in Brazil. In addition, Merck hereby grants Samsung a non-exclusive, fully-paid, royalty-free license, for purposes of sublicensing solely to the Local Labs, to use the Trademarks of Merck, listed in the Attachment 2, agreed between the Parties from time to time for purposes of distributing and selling the PDP Program Products until such time as the Local Labs receive their own Marketing Authorizations for the PDP Program Products under the Trademarks selected by the Local Labs or unbranded and the approval of the packaging Facilities by the Governmental Authority (as such terms are defined in the Technology Transfer Agreement) in Brazil.
2.4 Section 6.13 is amended in its entirety as follows (changes italicized and underlined):
6.13 Failure of Product to Meet Specifications. If a Product delivered to Merck is determined not to meet the applicable Specifications, then Samsung shall, at the election of Merck, either (i) replace such non-conforming Product as soon as reasonably practicable at no additional cost to Merck, or (ii) refund or credit to Merck the Supply Price paid or payable for such non-conforming Product, together with any direct out-of-pocket costs reasonably incurred by Merck in connection with the rejection of such non-conforming Product, including, but not limited to, applicable shipping and return costs, or reasonable costs of destruction. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary contained in this Agreement, the remedies set forth in this Section 6.13 shall be the sole and exclusive remedies for the failure of any Product supplied by Samsung to Merck hereunder to conform to the applicable Specifications, (a) except to the extent Samsung is required under Section 8.5 to indemnify Merck, its Affiliates and its or such Affiliates’ respective directors, officers, employees and agents from and against any Liability to one or more Third Parties arising out of such failure, and (b) except that Merck may exercise its right of termination in accordance with Section 10.3.1 if such failure constitutes a material breach by Samsung under Section 10.3.1(a). For the purposes of the PDP Program, if any PDP Program Product is determined not to meet the applicable Specifications, the sole and exclusive remedies to Merck and [* * *]with respect to the non-conforming PDP Program Product shall be as provided in the PDP Program Supply Agreement. To the extent Samsung has any obligation to provide a refund or credit of the Supply Price for the non-conforming PDP Program Product, Merck shall promptly issue an equivalent refund or credit to [* * *]. For avoidance of doubt, the terms and conditions defining responsibilities for sharing discard costs between the parties shall be the same as detailed in the DCA, provided that, when shared, it shall consider the specific true-up mechanism calculation for the PDP program products, as detailed in the Schedule 1.54, Section (b), (iii)
 
[* * *]=[CONFIDENTIAL PORTION HAS BEEN OMITTED BECAUSE IT (I) IS NOT MATERIAL AND (II) WOULD BE COMPETITIVELY HARMFUL IF PUBLICLY DISCLOSED.]

2.5 New Section 7.5 is hereby added to the DCA, as follows:
7.5 Payment Terms for PDP Program Products. Notwithstanding the payment term provided in Section 7.1 and save when specifically agreed otherwise in writing in any specific situation of the PDP Program, the Parties agree that Merck shall pay Samsung for the PDP Program Products, including all intermediate products within the same payment term(s) agreed between Merck (including its subsidiaries) and [* * *] under the PDP Supply Agreement, always counted from the date of delivery of the competent sale invoice by Merck (including its subsidiaries) to [* * *]. The Initial Target Supply Price for the PDP Program Products shall be agreed to between the Parties prior to first supply to Merck for the PDP Program, and the Supply Price for the PDP Program Products shall be set and adjusted on a Calendar Year basis in accordance with the Supply Price True-up Mechanism set out in Schedule 1.54.
2.6 New Section 6.3.9 is hereby added to the DCA, as follows:
6.3.9 Forecast for PDP Program Products. The Parties agree that the Rolling Forecasts and the Binding Forecasts and the purchase orders submitted by Merck to Samsung for the PDP Program Products (including for the applicable Bulk Drug Substance) must be sent promptly, but in no more than seven (7) business days after receiving [* * *] rolling forecasts, the binding forecasts and/or purchase orders in accordance with the PDP Program Supply Agreement and shall mirror exactly the times, quantities and specification set out in the forecasts and purchase orders submitted by [* * *] for the PDP Program Products under the PDP Program Supply Agreement.
2.7 New Section 6.15 is hereby added to the DCA, as follows:
6.15 PDP Program Supply Agreement. To the extent any provision in Section 6 conflicts with an analogous provision in the PDP Program Supply Agreement, the Parties agree that the provision in the referred PDP Program Supply Agreement will control solely with respect to the PDP Program Products.
2.8 In Schedule 1.54, Section (a), new clause (L) is hereby added to the definition of “Samsung Costs” as follows:
(L) solely for purposes of Target Supply Price and true-up calculations with respect to the PDP Program Products, any and all costs incurred by Samsung in performing the Technology Transfer under the PDP Program, including but not limited to costs of labor (including salaries, payroll taxes, bonuses, benefits, travel expenses and training costs) and overhead directly associated with Technology Transfer activities, limited to the estimate defined and detailed in the Technology Transfer work plan to be provided in the PDP Program Agreements, as well as the costs and expenses exclusively related to one (1) FTE to serve as Samsung’s Alliance Manager responsible for the project and excluding the materials costs to be covered by [* * *] detailed in the PDP Program Supply Agreement. For the sake of clarity, Liabilities incurred or paid by Samsung and or its Affiliates with respect to an Infringement Claim in connection with the Technology Transfer and manufacturing third party IP infringement claims related to PDP Program Products shall not be deemed to be Samsung Costs, as contemplated in Section 9.4 of the DCA. Also, as per Section 8.5 of this Agreement, with the wording added by the 6th Amendment, it shall not be considered a Samsung Cost for purposes of Target Supply Price and true-up calculations the Cancellation Costs (as defined in the PDP Program Supply Agreement)
 
[* * *]=[CONFIDENTIAL PORTION HAS BEEN OMITTED BECAUSE IT (I) IS NOT MATERIAL AND (II) WOULD BE COMPETITIVELY HARMFUL IF PUBLICLY DISCLOSED.]

whenever such Cancellation Costs derive from the cancellation of the Binding Forecasts (as defined in the PDP Program Supply Agreement), due to termination of the PDP Program Supply Agreement based on the breach of the Technology Transfer Agreements by [* * *]. For clarification purposes, the Cancellation Costs resulting from all other situations shall be included as Samsung Costs for purposes of Target Supply Price and true-up calculations and subject to the split pursuant Schedule 1.54, section (b), (iii). Cancellation Costs received from [* * *] will be included in the definition of Net Sales. Notwithstanding the foregoing, Cancellation Costs received from [* * *] whenever such Cancellation Costs derive from the cancellation of the Binding Forecasts (as defined in the PDP Program Supply Agreement), due to termination of the PDP Program Supply Agreement based on the breach of the Technology Transfer Agreements by [* * *], shall be provided directly to Samsung and (i) shall not be deemed Net Sales and (ii) any cancellation cost incurred by Samsung shall not be deemed as Samsung Cost and (iii) Samsung shall refund any related costs previously received from Merck.
2.9 In Schedule 1.54, Section (a), the following is added at the end of the definition of “Merck Costs”.
Since Merck has no responsibilities for Commercializing the PDP Program Products, Merck Costs shall not include any expenses related to activities for sales, marketing, advertising, promoting, project management or Commercialization of the PDP Program Products, unless the Parties agree otherwise in the future.
The parties acknowledge and agreed that costs and expenses exclusively related to one (1) FTE to serve as MSD’s Alliance Manager responsible for the project shall be included as part of Merck Costs in the true-up.
2.10 In Schedule 1.54, Section (b), new clause (iii) is hereby added to the subsection titled True-Up Periods as follows:
(iii) The Parties agree that for the quarterly profit true-up mechanism calculations carried out pursuant to this Section (b) for the PDP Program Products listed in Attachment I, the share between the Parties shall be split as follows: 65% of the profit to Samsung and 35% of the profit to Merck. Therefore, if Samsung Profit associated with the PDP Program Products is greater than 65% of the sum of Samsung Profit and Merck Profit associated with the PDP Program Products (“Total PDP Program Profit”), then Samsung will pay Merck an amount equal to the difference between actual Samsung Profit associated with the PDP Program Products and 65% of the Total PDP Program Profit, and if Merck Profit associated with the PDP Program Products is greater than 35% of the Total PDP Program Profit, then Merck will pay Samsung an amount equal to the difference between actual Merck Profit associated with the PDP Program Products and 35% of the Total PDP Program Profit. Any amounts owed between the parties for the PDP Program Products will be netted against the other quarterly true-up payment amount(s) between the parties. To add clarity, an illustration of the profit true-up mechanism for the PDP Program I set out in Attachment 3.
 
[* * *]=[CONFIDENTIAL PORTION HAS BEEN OMITTED BECAUSE IT (I) IS NOT MATERIAL AND (II) WOULD BE COMPETITIVELY HARMFUL IF PUBLICLY DISCLOSED.]

2.11 For the specific purposes of the PDP Program in Brazil, the Parties agree to add Sections 8.2.5, 8.2.6, 8.2.7 and 8.2.8 to the DCA, and renumber former Section 8.2.5 to Section 8.2.9 reading as follows:
8.2.5 it has not relied on any representation by Merck on the viability or potential success of undertaking a PDP Program, and it has elected, in its sole discretion, upon conducting its own due diligence to participate in the PDP Program understanding the variables and risks involved in effectuating a successful PDP Program.
8.2.6 to Samsung’s knowledge as of the Amendment Effective Date, it holds and will maintain valid any and all authorizations, licenses, sublicenses, grants and permits, including but without limitation to any and all Patent Rights and other intellectual property rights necessary to perform the Technology Transfer for the PDP Program, more specifically those related to the Technology Transfer of Samsung’s current technology (the background IP Samsung holds before the start of the Technology Transfer)(“Samsung’s PDP Technology”) provided that, the exclusive remedy for breach of this representation will be the indemnity provided in Section 8.5, as qualified by Section 9.1 and 9.5 in the specific case of Liabilities arising out of Infringement Claims.
8.2.7 it has conducted a FTO (“Freedom to Operate”) assessment and confirmed that Brazilian patent applications [* * *], any divisional applications arising therefrom, and granted patent [* * *], to the best of Samsung’s actual or constructive knowledge as of the Amendment Effective Date, do not represent any encumbrances or limitations for the effective Technology Transfer of Samsung’s PDP Technology under the PDP Program, provided that the exclusive remedy for breach of this representation will be the indemnity provided in Section 8.5, as qualified by Section 9.1 and 9.5 in the specific case of Liabilities arising out of Infringement Claims.
8.2.8 shall use Commercially Reasonable Efforts to obtain, any and all authorizations, licenses, sublicenses, grants and permits, including, without limitation, any and all Patent Rights and other intellectual property rights that may be required in order to effectuate the Technology Transfer under the PDP Program in the event that Samsung’s PDP Technology infringes any Third Party Patent Rights or know-how owned or Controlled by such Third Party for purposes of the Development, Manufacture and/or Commercialization of the PDP Program Products, provided that the exclusive remedy for breach of this representation will be the indemnity provided in Section 8.5, as qualified by Section 9.1 and 9.5 in the specific case of Liabilities arising out of Infringement Claims.
8.2.9 EXCEPT FOR THE REPRESENTATIONS AND WARRANTIES EXPRESSLY SET FORTH IN SECTION 8.1, THIS SECTION 8.2 AND ELSEWHERE IN THIS AGREEMENT, NEITHER SAMSUNG NOR ANY OTHER PERSON ACTING ON BEHALF OF SAMSUNG MAKES ANY REPRESENTATION OR WARRANTY (INCLUDING, WITHOUT LIMITATION, WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE OR USE AND NON-INFRINGEMENT OF THIRD PARTY INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS), EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, TO MERCK.
 
[* * *]=[CONFIDENTIAL PORTION HAS BEEN OMITTED BECAUSE IT (I) IS NOT MATERIAL AND (II) WOULD BE COMPETITIVELY HARMFUL IF PUBLICLY DISCLOSED.]

2.12 Section 8.5 of the DCA is amended and new item 8.5.1 is added as follows (changes are italicized and underlined):
8.5 Indemnification by Samsung. Samsung shall indemnify and defend Merck, its Affiliates and its and such Affiliates’ respective directors, officers, employees, and agents from and against any Liabilities arising out of or relating to (i) Samsung’s breach of any of its representations, warranties, covenants and obligations in this Agreement (including those relating to the Development and Manufacturing of the Products), any of the PDP Program Supply Agreement, or any of the PDP Program Agreements; (ii) Samsung’s or its Affiliate’s failure to comply with any applicable laws, rules, or regulations, including those related to the PDP Program or any Technology Transfer activities related thereto (iii) Samsung’s or its Affiliate’s willful misconduct or negligence, and (iv) any Liability, penalty, fine, interest, responsibility and Obligation claimed or imposed by any entity, including law enforcement authorities, of the Brazilian Federal Government as a result of Samsung’s failure to implement the Technology Transfer in accordance with the PDP Program Agreements. For the sake of clarity, any Liability, penalty, fine, interest, responsibility or Obligation for which Samsung is obligated to indemnify Merck under this Section 8.5(iv) or Section 8.5.1 below shall not be subject to the damages cap in Section 8.8. In addition, notwithstanding Section 9.3(C) of the PDP Program Supply Agreement which requires Merck and Samsung to share [* * *] percent ([* * *]%) of all Cancellation Costs (as defined in the PDP Program Supply Agreement) incurred in connection with the cancellation of the Binding Forecasts (as defined in the PDP Program Supply Agreement), if the cancellation of the Binding Forecasts is due to termination of the PDP Program Supply Agreement based on the breach of the Technology Transfer Agreements by [* * *], then Merck shall have no obligation to pay any portion of the Cancellation Fee and Samsung shall indemnify and hold Merck harmless from any Liability that is based on such obligation to pay the Cancellation Fee.
8.5.1 For the sake of clarity, in the event a decision rendered by any entity of the Brazilian Federal Government determines that Merck will have to disburse any amount related to Liability, penalty or fine in the course of any dispute associated with the failure to implement the Technology Transfer by Samsung, then Samsung shall promptly indemnity and hold Merck harmless until the final decision of the above mentioned dispute. If such final decision determines that Samsung did not fail to implement the Technology Transfer, then Merck shall use Commercially Reasonable Efforts to recoup such amounts paid to the Brazilian Federal Government and reimburse, if successfully recouped, Samsung for the amounts that it has paid Merck pursuant to section 8.5 and 8.5.1. In the event Merck needs to litigate against the Brazilian Federal Government to recoup such amounts mentioned above, then Samsung shall be responsible for all legal costs associated to that litigation.
2.13 Section 8.6 of the DCA is amended as follows (changes are italicized and underlined):
8.6 Indemnification by Merck. Merck shall indemnify and defend Samsung, its Affiliates and its and such Affiliates’ respective directors, officers, employees, and agents from and against any Liabilities arising out of or relating to (i) Merck’s breach of any of its representations, warranties, covenants and obligations in this Agreement (including those relating to Commercialization of the Products), or in the PDP Program Supply
 
[* * *]=[CONFIDENTIAL PORTION HAS BEEN OMITTED BECAUSE IT (I) IS NOT MATERIAL AND (II) WOULD BE COMPETITIVELY HARMFUL IF PUBLICLY DISCLOSED.]

Agreement, (ii) Merck’s or its Related Party’s failure to comply with any applicable laws, rules or regulations, including in connection with its obligations under the PDP Program Supply Agreement, (iii) Merck’s or its Related Party’s willful misconduct or negligence, or (iv) any Liability, penalty, fine, interest, responsibility and Obligation claimed or imposed by the Brazilian Federal Government as a result of Merck’s breach of its supply obligations under the PDP Program Supply Agreement.
2.14 New Sections 9.5 and 9.6 are hereby added to the DCA:
9.5 Infringement Claims of the PDP. For the specific purposes of the PDP Program in Brazil, the Parties hereby acknowledge and agree that (i) any and all reference to “Infringement Claim” and “Liability” in Section 9.1 above shall include those Infringement Claims and Liabilities related to the infringement of Third Party’s Patent Rights, know-how, trade secrets or other intellectual property rights resulting from manufacture, use, importation, export or sale of the PDP Program Products under or for the PDP Program or Samsung’s performance of the Technology Transfer; and (ii) notwithstanding the procedures and the right of termination set forth under Sections 9.1 and 10.4 of the this Agreement, which shall remain applicable, the Liabilities associated with any Infringement Claim based upon the infringement of Third Party’s Patent Rights, know-how, trade secrets or other intellectual property rights (collectively, “IP”) as a result of the PDP Program shall be allocated as follows: (a) with respect to any Infringement Claim arising solely due to Samsung’s failure to obtain from a Third Party the necessary authorization or license for Samsung to transfer such Third Party’s proprietary information or technology as part of Samsung’s performance of the Technology Transfer (e.g., the Third Party IP holder does not consent to Samsung’s transfer of certain proprietary information or technology to Local Labs as part of the Technology Transfer, or the authorization or license granted by the Third Party does not extend to the Third Party’s Patent Rights that cover the use of such proprietary information or technology), then, Samsung shall bear [* * *] percent ([* * *]%) of the Liabilities for Infringement Claims suffered by Merck and its Affiliates as a result of such Infringement Claim; (b) to the extent that the Infringement Claim relates solely to a manufacturing process employed by Samsung or any of its contract manufacturers in Manufacturing any Compound or Product, Samsung shall be responsible for [* * *] percent ([* * *]%) of all Liabilities associated with such Infringement Claim for SB4 (etanercept biosimilar) and shall share the Liabilities for SB3 (trastuzumab biosimilar) pursuant to Section 9.1; and (c) for all other Infringement Claims, the Parties shall share [* * *] all Liabilities associated with such Infringement Claim. For the sake of clarity, any Liability to one or more Third Parties (x) suffered by Merck and its Affiliates as a result of an Infringement Claim for which Samsung is obligated to indemnify Merck under Section 9.5(a) or (y) associated with an Infringement Claim under 9.5(b) or 9.5(c) for which either Party is obligated to indemnify the other Party shall not be subject to the damages cap in Section 8.8.
9.6 Third Party License and/or Newly Issued Third Party Patent in connection with modifications and improvements required by Local Labs. In the event that during the Technology Transfer changes or adaptations to Samsung’s PDP Technology are required and, as a result, (i) a Third Party approaches either Party or the Local Labs with a request or demand that Samsung obtains a license under any Patent Rights or know-how owned or
 
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Controlled by such Third Party for purposes of the Technology Transfer under the PDP Program, or (ii) Samsung or Merck becomes aware of the issuance of a Third Party Patent that is newly issued in Brazil after the Effective Date and that may hinder or restrict the Technology Transfer under the PDP Program (“PDP New Third Party License/Patent”), Samsung or Merck, as the case may be, shall notify the other Party in writing of such request, demand or the issuance of such PDP New Third Party Patent, and Samsung shall use Commercial Reasonable Efforts to obtain such license or enter into a settlement with the Third Party at the Local Labs expenses . In the event that Samsung obtains such a license or a settlement with the Third Party but does not manage to pass such cost through to the Local Labs then all royalties, license fees and other similar fees incurred or paid for or in connection with such license, and all fees and expenses of attorneys and other professional advisors incurred or paid in relation thereto, shall not be included in “Samsung Costs”, under and for the purpose of the Supply Price True-up Mechanism. The provisions of Sections 9.2 and 9.3 are not applicable for the situations involving changes in Samsung’s PDP Technology, which shall be governed by this Section 9.6. Any Infringement Claim and Liabilities related to the situations under this Section 9.6 shall be borne by the Local Labs or by Samsung, in case it does not manage to pass such cost through to the Local Labs.
2.15 New item (c) is hereby added to Section 10.3.1 of the DCA:
(c) by Merck specifically with respect to the PDP Program, upon written notice to Samsung and without any Liability to Merck, (i) with immediate effect in case of Samsung’s infringement of any Third Party’s Intellectual Property Rights in performing Samsung’s obligations under the PDP Program Agreements; (ii) in case of Samsung’s failure to perform, even if partially, the Technology Transfer or if Samsung commits a material breach of any of its other obligations under the PDP Program Agreements by causes and reasons within its reasonable control, and Samsung has not cured such failure or breach within ninety (90) calendar days after Merck provides notice requesting cure of such failure or breach; or (iii) if Merck terminates a PDP Program Supply Agreement and Samsung does not terminate its involvement in the PDP Program with respect to the PDP Program Product addressed in such PDP Program Supply Agreement; provided such termination in this Section 10.3.1(c)(iii) shall only be with respect to the applicable PDP Program Product. If Merck chooses to enforce this termination right, all applicable effects of termination set forth in the DCA will continue to apply and are hereby ratified. For the avoidance of doubt, if the Agreement is terminated under (i) above, due to Samsung’s infringement of any Third Party’s Intellectual Property Rights in performing Samsung’s Technology Transfer obligations under the PDP Program Agreements, Section 10.6.2(a) will apply. For termination arising from Samsung’s infringement of any Third Party’s Intellectual Property Rights other than from Samsung’s Technology Transfer obligations, Section 10.6.2(e) will apply. Each PDP Program Supply Agreement shall set forth specific post-termination obligations, and Merck shall be obligated to comply with such post-termination obligations notwithstanding any termination under this Section 10.3.1(c). Samsung will then be entitled to continue to commercialize the PDP Program Products in Brazil, for the PDP Program only, directly or by appointing the Local Labs for such purposes.

ARTICLE 3. MISCELLANEOUS
3.1 This Amendment No. 6 shall be effective as from the formal acceptance of the PDP Application by the MoH and further execution of the PDP Program Supply Agreement and the PDP Program Agreements. This Amendment No. 6 shall remain in force until the PDP Program is entirely concluded, meaning until the entire conclusion of any and all arrangements related to the PDP Program and shall automatically terminate upon termination of the PDP Program Supply Agreement and the PDP Program Agreements. To the extent the PDP Program remains in force longer than the term of the DCA as stated in Section 10.1, the term of the DCA will be extended automatically solely with respect to the PDP Program until such time as the PDP Program is entirely concluded.
3.2 The Parties acknowledge that this Amendment No. 6 is entered into for purposes of facilitating the PDP Program. Accordingly, additional amendments to the DCA may be required to align the DCA with the PDP Program Supply Agreement and the PDP Program Agreements. In such case, the Parties agree to negotiate in good faith such additional amendments to the DCA to align the DCA with the PDP Program Supply Agreement and the PDP Program Agreements.
3.3 In the event a Party is required to file a copy of this Amendment No. 6 with a Regulatory Authority or any other governmental authority or agency, (i) such Party shall redact the list of Biosimilars (and references to all or part of them) set forth in Section 2.1.2 and other provisions of this Amendment No. 6 and other commercially sensitive information from such copy to the extent permitted under applicable law and (ii) such Party shall provide the other Party with an advance draft of the redacted form of this Amendment No. 6 that the disclosing Party proposes to file, with not less than ten (10) Business Days for review, and shall incorporate the non-disclosing Party’s comments to the extent additional or other redactions requested by the non-disclosing Party are permitted, and may reasonably be afforded confidential treatment, under applicable law and such authority or agency’s then-current practice.
3.4 The Agreement, together with the Schedules thereto, as amended by this Amendment No. 6, contains the entire understanding of the Parties with respect to the Products, including the PDP Program Products. Any other express or implied agreements, understandings, negotiations, writings and commitments, either oral or written, with respect to the subject matter of the Agreement are superseded by the terms of the Agreement as amended by this Amendment No. 6.
[Signatures on the Following Page]

IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the Parties have executed this Amendment No. 6 as of the Amendment Date.

/s/ Christopher Hansung Ko	
SAMSUNG BIOEPIS CO., LTD.	
		
By:	 	Christopher Hansung Ko	
Title:	 	Chief Executive Officer	
	
/s/ Michael Schwartz	
MERCK SHARP & DOHME CORP.	
		
By:	 	Michael Schwartz	
Title:	 	Assistant Treasurer	

Attachment 1
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Attachment 2
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Attachment 3
[* * *]
 
[* * *]=[CONFIDENTIAL PORTION HAS BEEN OMITTED BECAUSE IT (I) IS NOT MATERIAL AND (II) WOULD BE COMPETITIVELY HARMFUL IF PUBLICLY DISCLOSED.]

Certain confidential information contained in this document, marked by brackets, has been omitted because it is both (i) not material and (ii) would be competitively harmful if publicly disclosed.
Exhibit 10.11
Execution Version
AMENDMENT NO. 7 TO
DEVELOPMENT AND COMMERCIALIZATION AGREEMENT
This Amendment No. 7 to Development and Commercialization Agreement (this “Amendment No. 7) is effective as of May 15, 2020 (the “Amendment Effective Date”) and is entered into by and between:
SAMSUNG BIOEPIS CO., LTD., a corporation organized and existing under the laws of the Republic of Korea with a place of business at Cheomdan-daero 107, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon, 21987, Republic of Korea (hereinafter referred to as “Samsung”); and
MERCK SHARP & DOHME CORP., a corporation organized and existing under the laws of the State of New Jersey, USA, with a place of business at One Merck Drive, Whitehouse Station, NJ 08889, USA (hereinafter referred to as “Merck”).
Samsung and Merck are hereinafter referred to jointly as the “Parties” and individually as a “Party”.
RECITALS
WHEREAS
(i) On February 18, 2013, Samsung and Merck executed the Development and Commercialization Agreement, as amended on July 21, 2014, July 11, 2017, October 1, 2017, September 1, 2018, October 15, 2018, and December 19, 2018 (“DCA” or “Agreement”), for the purpose of, among other things, granting Merck an exclusive license (even as to Samsung) to Commercialize any and all Compounds and Products in the Territory.
(ii) [* * *].
(iii) The Parties have agreed to redefine the Territory for Bevacizumab/Avastin Biosimilar as of the Amendment Effective Date and, pursuant to the terms of that certain Transition Agreement for Bevacizumab/Avastin Biosimilar and that certain License Agreement for Bevacizumab/Avastin Biosimilar, both entered into by the Parties of even date herewith, to specify the rights and obligations of the Parties with respect to the transition to Samsung of the Commercialization of the Compounds and Products in the Territory for Bevacizumab/Avastin Biosimilar.
(iv) The Parties have agreed that Merck shall be entitled to assign to its Affiliate, Organon & Co. (“Organon”) or Organon’s designated Affiliate, and that Organon or Organon’s designated Affiliate shall be entitled to assume, Merck’s rights and obligations under the DCA.
 
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NOW THEREFORE, in consideration of the foregoing premises and the mutual covenants contained herein, the receipt and sufficiency of which are hereby acknowledged, the Parties agree as follows:
I. DEFINITIONS
The Parties agree that capitalized terms used but not otherwise defined in this Amendment No. 7 shall have the meanings ascribed thereto in the DCA.
II. AMENDMENT
 
2.1	Section 1.42 is hereby amended to read in its entirety as follows:	
“Region” shall mean each of (i) the European Union, as a whole, (ii) the USA and its territories and possessions, as a whole, and (iii) the remainder of the Territory excluding the European Union and the USA and its territories and possessions (collectively, the “ROW Region”). However, for Bevacizumab/Avastin Biosimilar only, “Region” shall mean United Kingdom, France, Italy, Germany and Spain, as a whole, (ii) the USA (including its territories and possessions), (iii) Canada, and (iv) the respective territories and possessions of United Kingdom, France, Italy, Germany, Spain and Canada that are set forth on Schedule 1.56D.
 
2.2	Section 1.56 is hereby amended to read in its entirety as follows:	
“Territory” shall mean the following:
 
 	1.56.1	With respect to (i) Cetuximab/Erbitux Biosimilar and (ii) Trastuzumab/Herceptin Biosimilar, all of the countries in the world, and their territories and possessions, excluding, however, the Republic of Korea and Greater China;	
 
 	1.56.2	With respect to (i) Adalimumab/Humira Biosimilar and (ii) Infliximab/Remicade Biosimilar, all of the countries in the world, and their territories and possessions, excluding, however, the Republic of Korea, and Greater China, and the countries, territories and possessions set forth on Schedule 1.56A; provided that the countries, territories and possessions set forth on Schedule 1.56B shall be part of the Territory with respect to Adalimumab/Humira Biosimilar and Infliximab/Remicade Biosimilar commencing on July 1, 2014; and	
 
 	1.56.3	With respect to Etanercept/Enbrel Biosimilar, all of the countries in the world, and their territories and possessions, excluding, however, the Republic of Korea, and Greater China, and the countries, territories and possessions set forth on Schedule 1.56C.	
 
 	1.56.4	With respect to Bevacizumab/Avastin Biosimilar, the countries, territories and possessions set forth on Schedule 1.56D.	
 
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2.3	The first sentence of Section 3.4 is hereby amended to read in its entirety as follows:	
Joint Steering Committee. As soon as reasonably practicable following the Effective Date, the Parties shall establish a committee to facilitate communications between the Parties and oversee and review the Development, Manufacturing and Commercialization of Compounds and Products in the Territory, as follows:
 
2.4	The first sentence of Section 3.7 is hereby amended to read in its entirety as follows:	
Trademarks. The Trademarks under which the Products are Commercialized in the Territory shall be created, developed, selected and approved by Merck.
 
2.5	Section 3.6 of the DCA, as previously amended in Amendment No. 5 to the DCA (dated October 15, 2018) is hereby further amended by renumbering the original language as 3.6(A), and replacing the language added pursuant to Amendment No. 5, as follows:	
(1) Except as otherwise set forth in this Section 3.6(B) or otherwise prohibited by applicable law, within the Territory for the duration of the DCA, (a) Samsung (i) shall, and shall cause its Affiliates, licensees, Sublicensees and distributors to, Commercialize the Product only outside the Territory, and (ii) shall not knowingly, and shall not knowingly permit its Affiliates, licensees, Sublicensees or distributors to, distribute, market, promote, offer for sale or sell the Product directly or indirectly (A) to any person inside the Territory (other than Merck) or (B) to any person outside the Territory that is reasonably likely to directly or indirectly distribute, market, promote, offer for sale or sell the Product inside the Territory or, in each case ((A)-(B)), assist (directly or indirectly) another person to do so; (b) if Samsung or any of its Affiliates receives, or becomes aware of receipt by a licensee, Sublicensee or distributor of, any orders for the Product for inside the Territory, such person shall refer such orders to Merck; and (c) Samsung shall use Commercially Reasonable Efforts to cause its Affiliates, licensees, Sublicensees and distributors to notify Samsung of any receipt of any orders for the Product for inside the Territory.
(2) Except as otherwise set forth in this Section 3.6 or otherwise prohibited by applicable law, within the Territory for the duration of the DCA, (a) Merck (i) shall, and shall cause its Affiliates, licensees, Sublicensees and distributors to, Commercialize the Product only in the Territory, and (ii) shall not knowingly, and shall not knowingly permit its Affiliates, licensees, Sublicensees or distributors to, distribute, market, promote, offer for sale or sell the Product directly or indirectly (A) to any person outside the Territory or (B) to any person inside the Territory that is reasonably likely to directly or indirectly distribute, market, promote, offer for sale or sell the Product outside the Territory or, in each case ((A)-(B)), assist (directly or indirectly) another person to do so; (b) if Merck or any of its Affiliates receives, or becomes aware of receipt by a licensee, Sublicensee or distributor of, any orders for the Product for outside the Territory, such person shall refer such orders to Samsung; and (c) Merck shall use Commercially Reasonable Efforts to cause its Affiliates, licensees, Sublicensees and distributors to notify Samsung of any receipt of any orders for the Product for inside the Territory.
 
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(3) Notwithstanding the provisions of Sections 3.6(B)(1) and (2), the provisions of Sections 3.6(B)(1)(a)(ii) and (b) and 3.6(B)(2)(a)(ii) and (b) shall not apply to [* * *] country that is, with respect to Merck, outside the Territory, and with respect to Samsung, within the Territory
 
2.6	Section 6.6.2 is hereby amended by renumbering the existing provision as subsection (a), and adding the following subsection (b):	
(1) Notwithstanding the foregoing, if the Anticipated Supply Shortfall is for the Bevacizumab/Avastin Biosimilar Product, and Merck wants Samsung to supply amounts of Binding Forecasts that exceed the pro rata amount that Merck has rights to under this Section 6.6.2(a) (“Additional Volumes”):
(i) Merck shall justify its need in writing for the Additional Volumes in detail (including information on demand/sales forecasts (including assumptions for such forecasts)) to the reasonable satisfaction of Samsung;
(ii) To the extent it is reasonably established that Merck will be not be able to meet customer demands due to the Anticipated Supply Shortfall (“Actual Shortage”), Samsung will use Commercially Reasonable Efforts to meet Merck’s request for Additional Volumes to avoid Merck facing an Actual Shortage;
(iii) If Merck is not able to exhaust the Additional Volumes of Bevacizumab/Avastin Biosimilar Products provided pursuant to this Section 6.6.2(b)(1) because such Additional Volumes are not sold, or are returned, due to its expiry dating, Merck will compensate Samsung at [* * *] of the Target Supply Price value for the units discarded. Compensation will be outside of the Quarterly True Up mechanism and be in the form of a sales adjustment against prior supply purchases.
(2) During the [* * *] period after the Amendment Effective Date, Samsung shall not, and shall assure that no Affiliate, licensee, Sublicensee or distributor shall submit a bid for any tender offer or accept any order from a Third Party for Bulk Drug Substance or any primary or secondary presentation of Bevacizumab/Avastin Biosimilar Product that, if such tender offer or order were fulfilled, would reasonably be anticipated to prevent Samsung from fulfilling the full amount of any Binding Forecast for Bulk Drug Substance, Binding Forecast for Primary-Packaged Presentations or Binding Forecast for Secondary-Packaged Presentations, to the extent that such Binding Forecast has been submitted previously by Merck pursuant to Section 6.3. In the event that Samsung or any Affiliate, licensee, Sublicensee or distributor of Samsung submits such a bid or accepts such an order from a Third Party during the [* * *] after the Amendment Effective Date, and as a result an Anticipated Supply Shortfall occurs, Samsung shall nevertheless fulfill Merck’s
 
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Binding Forecasts that would otherwise be affected by such Anticipated Supply Shortfall notwithstanding the allocation provisions set forth in Section 6.6.2(a). In the event that Samsung fails to comply with the provisions of this Section 6.6.2(b), the associated sales of Bevacizumab/Avastin Biosimilar Product by Samsung or Samsung’s Affiliate, licensee, Sublicensee or distributor that resulted in any Actual Shortage in fulfilling any Merck’s Binding Forecast shall be treated as a sale of Bevacizumab/Avastin Biosimilar Product in the Territory, and Samsung’s profit derived from such sale shall be taken into account for the purpose of calculating “Samsung Profit” and “Profit Differential” under the formula set forth in Schedule 1.54. Merck shall bear the burden of proof in establishing any Actual Shortfall. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary contained in this Agreement, the remedies set forth in this Section 6.6.2(b)(2) shall be the sole and exclusive remedies for the failure to comply with the provisions of this Section 6.6.2(b).
III. RELEASES; ASSIGNMENT; ADDITIONAL OBLIGATIONS
 
3.1	Samsung, on behalf of itself and its Affiliates, its successors and assigns, fully and forever irrevocably and unconditionally releases, acquits, and discharges Merck, and its Affiliates, predecessors, successors, and assigns, from all past, present and future Claims (including Termination Claims) arising out of Merck’s performance or lack of performance of its rights and/or obligations under the DCA solely to the extent the Claims arise out of both (i) events or conduct occurring prior to the Amendment Effective Date and (ii) facts and circumstances (A) existing as of the Amendment Effective Date and (B) known to Samsung or its Affiliates as of the Amendment Effective Date. For clarity, Claims arising out of events or conduct occurring after the Amendment Effective Date, even if such events or conduct are the same, similar or otherwise of like character and substance as events and conduct occurring prior to the Amendment Effective Date and released hereunder, are not released under this Section 3.1. For further clarity, the Parties stipulate that no events or conduct occurring prior to the Amendment Effective Date and known to the releasing Party shall be used as supportive or relevant evidence in connection with any Claims arising out of events or conduct occurring subsequent to the Amendment Effective Date, including any claims that a Party has breached or failed to perform in any way its duties or obligations under the DCA.	
 
3.2	Merck, on behalf of itself and its Affiliates, its successors and assigns, fully and forever irrevocably and unconditionally releases, acquits, and discharges Samsung, and its Affiliates, predecessors, successors, and assigns, from all past, present and future Claims (including Termination Claims) arising out of Samsung’s performance or lack of performance of its rights and/or obligations under the DCA solely to the extent the Claims arise out of both (i) events or conduct occurring prior to the Amendment Effective Date and (ii) facts and circumstances (A) existing as of the Amendment Effective Date and (B) known to Merck or its Affiliates as of the Amendment Effective Date, except that this release shall also apply to Claims that arise out of facts and circumstances unknown to Merck or its Affiliates as of the Amendment Effective Date to the extent they arise out of Samsung’s exercise of its purported right of termination under Section 9.3 and 10.4 of the DCA with respect to Bevacizumab/Avastin Biosimilar as stated in the Samsung Termination Letters, including Samsung’s and its Affiliates’ acts and omissions in reliance	
 
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 	on the purported effectiveness of such purported termination, but only to the extent such Claims would not exist, provide a cause of action, or otherwise create any liability for Samsung under the DCA if Samsung’s purported termination of the DCA with respect to Bevacizumab/Avastin Biosimilar in the USA Region and the European Union Region pursuant to the Samsung Termination Letters was deemed effective. For clarity, and notwithstanding anything to the contrary in this Agreement, this means that if provisions of the DCA impose duties on Samsung even after an effective termination of the DCA (e.g., provisions pertaining to the nondisclosure of confidential information), Merck retains its rights and remedies as to any prior breaches, if any, that are unknown to Merck as of execution of this Agreement. For further clarity, Claims arising out of events or conduct occurring after the Amendment Effective Date, even if such events or conduct are the same, similar or otherwise of like character and substance as events and conduct occurring prior to the Amendment Effective Date and released hereunder, are not released under this Section 3.2. For further clarity, the Parties stipulate that no events or conduct occurring prior to the Amendment Effective Date and known to the releasing Party shall be used as supportive or relevant evidence in connection with any Claims arising out of events or conduct occurring subsequent to the Amendment Effective Date, including any claims that a Party has breached or failed to perform in any way its duties or obligations under the DCA.	
Each Party and its Affiliates, successors and assigns, understand and accept the risk that they may have substantial claims that are presently unknown, and they nevertheless release all such claims within the scope of the foregoing releases in Sections 3.1 and 3.2 (for clarity, they do not release unknown claims under Sections 3.1 and 3.2 if the release is expressly limited to known facts, circumstances, or breaches of the DCA). Specifically, each Party, on behalf of itself and its Affiliates, successors and assigns, hereby expressly waives any rights they may have under California Civil Code Section 1542 (or any other law of similar effect in any jurisdiction), in connection with the claims released in Sections 3.1 and 3.2 (unless the release is specifically limited to claims based on known facts, circumstances, or breaches of the DCA), which provides that:
“A GENERAL RELEASE DOES NOT EXTEND TO CLAIMS WHICH THE CREDITOR DOES NOT KNOW OR SUSPECT TO EXIST IN HIS OR HER FAVOR AT THE TIME OF EXECUTING THE RELEASE, WHICH IF KNOWN BY HIM OR HER MUST HAVE MATERIALLY AFFECTED HIS OR HER SETTLEMENT WITH THE DEBTOR.”
 
3.3	The releases set forth in paragraphs 3.1 and 3.2 hereof are full and final releases by which each Party, on behalf of itself and its Affiliates, successors and assigns, waives all rights and benefits they may have had in the past, now have or in the future may have in connection with the claims released in paragraphs 3.1 and 3.2.	
 
3.4	Without limitation of the releases set forth above:	
(a) Samsung hereby acknowledges that the initial Binding Forecasts that have been submitted by Merck for Bevacizumab/Avastin Biosimilar on April 10, 2020 were submitted in a timely fashion. The Parties agree that in the event of an inability to supply with respect to such Binding Forecasts, Merck’s sole and exclusive remedy shall be the remedies set forth in Section 6.6 of the Agreement (as amended by this Amendment);
 
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(b) The Parties each agree that costs incurred during the period prior to the Amendment Effective Date that would otherwise be “Merck Costs” or “Samsung Costs” but for Samsung’s notice of purported termination of the DCA with regard to Bevacizumab/Avastin Biosimilar in the USA Region and the European Union Region shall be treated as “Merck Costs” or “Samsung Costs”, as applicable the purpose of calculating “Profit Differential” under the formula set forth in Schedule 1.54.
 
3.5	Definitions. For the purpose of this Article III, the following terms have the following meanings:	
“Claims” means claims, counterclaims, answers, cross-claims and any judicial, administrative or other proceeding of any kind in any jurisdiction, as well as any and all actions, causes of action, costs, damages, debts, demands, expenses, liabilities, losses, obligations, proceedings, and suits of every kind and nature, liquidated or unliquidated, fixed or contingent, in law, equity, or otherwise, whether asserted or unasserted, whether presently known or unknown, whether anticipated or unanticipated, and whether direct or derivative.
“Samsung Termination Letters” means Samsung’s January 7, 2020 letter informing Merck of its position that it intended to terminate the DCA with respect to Bevacizumab/Avastin Biosimilar in the USA Region and the European Union Region, as well as Samsung’s January 31, 2020 letter asserting that it had effected such termination.
“Termination Claims” means any right or potential right, basis or potential basis, or claim or potential claim of a Party, pursuant to the terms and conditions of the DCA, whether presently known or unknown, whether anticipated or unanticipated, and whether direct or derivative, to terminate the DCA, in whole or in part, for any reason arising out of any facts or circumstances existing as of the Amendment Effective Date, including, for clarity, such claims made by Samsung in the Samsung Termination Letters.
 
3.6	Merck has advised Samsung regarding its intended transaction under which Merck’s biosimilars business will be transferred to an Affiliate of Organon & Co., which will ultimately be an independent and separate entity from Merck (the “Organon Transaction”). In connection with the Organon Transaction and in accordance with the DCA, (i) Merck hereby assigns all of its rights and obligations pursuant to the DCA to Organon LLC, a Delaware company which, upon completion of the Organon Transaction, will become a wholly-owned subsidiary of Organon & Co; (ii) Organon LLC hereby (1) assumes all of Merck’s rights and obligations pursuant to the DCA, and (2) agrees to perform and comply with all obligations of Merck under, and to be bound by the terms and conditions of the DCA as if Organon LLC were Merck; and (iii) subsequent to the consummation of the Organon Transaction, Merck and its Affiliates (as an entity separate from Organon & Co. and its Affiliates) shall have no further rights or obligations under the DCA (together with (i) and (ii), the “Organon Assignment and Assumption”). Such Organon Assignment and Assumption shall be effective upon the earlier of the following dates (the “Transfer Date”):	
 
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 	(a) the date that Organon LLC is established as a functioning subsidiary of Merck; or (ii) the date of completion of the Organon Transaction. Merck shall notify Samsung in writing promptly after the Transfer Date of the effectiveness of the Organon Assignment and Assumption, along with updated contact information pursuant to Section 11.5 of the DCA. Upon completion of the Organon Transaction, Merck shall have no further obligations to Samsung under the DCA other than its obligation to guarantee all monetary obligations under or arising out of the DCA of an Affiliate that becomes an assignee (the “Assignor Affiliate Guarantee”), and Samsung shall look solely to Organon LLC for any such obligations other than the Assignor Affiliate Guarantee.	
Samsung hereby irrevocably consents to the Organon Assignment and Assumption, and further irrevocably waives any claim against Merck or Organon LLC (or their respective Affiliates) that it may have resulting from such Organon Assignment and Assumption other than in connection with the Assignor Affiliate Guarantee, including but not limited to any claim that it may have pursuant to Section 11.2.2 of the DCA other than in connection with the Assignor Guarantee.
In the event the Organon Transaction is terminated by Merck for any reason, the terms of this paragraph 3.6 shall be null and void and of no further effect.
 
3.7	(a) Beginning on the Amendment Effective Date and continuing until completion of the Organon Transaction, Samsung and Merck shall meet approximately once per month to discuss the transition of the biosimilars business to Organon LLC and in order for Merck to share with Samsung its existing plans for such transition.	
(b) Promptly upon completion of the Organon Transaction, Samsung and Organon LLC shall enter into good faith negotiations regarding the potential for further amendments to the DCA for the purpose of improving operational efficiency and ensuring smoother collaboration between the Parties. In the event that the Organon Transaction is terminated, the negotiations contemplated in the first sentence of this Section 3.7(b) shall commence between Samsung and Merck within one (1) month after Merck makes the final determination that the Organon Transaction has been terminated.
 
3.8	Samsung and Merck shall meet (i) no later than December 15 prior to the end of each Calendar Year to review and discuss sales forecasts and the number of employees utilized in each country for each Product for the following year; (ii) periodically at least once per Calendar Quarter (with the intent to meet more frequently if practical) to review and discuss (a) sales plans as compared to actual sales, (b) plans regarding tender opportunities and related contract submissions for each country for each Product as compared to results, and (c) reasons for any differences between such plans and actual sales and results.	
 
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IV. MISCELLANEOUS
 
4.1	In the event a Party is required to file a copy of this Amendment No. 7 with a Regulatory Authority or any other governmental authority or agency, (i) such Party shall redact commercially sensitive information from such copy to the extent permitted under applicable law and (ii) such Party shall provide the other Party with an advance draft of the redacted form of this Amendment No. 7 that the disclosing Party proposes to file, with not less than ten (10) Business Days for review, and shall incorporate the non-disclosing Party’s comments to the extent additional or other redactions requested by the non-disclosing Party are permitted, and may reasonably be afforded confidential treatment, under applicable law and such authority or agency’s then-current practice.	
 
4.2	Sections 11.4, 11.5, 11.6, 11.7, 11.9, and 11.11 through 11.17 of the Agreement shall apply to this Amendment No. 7, mutatis mutandis.	
 
4.3	The Agreement, as amended by this Amendment No. 7, together with the Schedules to the Agreement and any other agreements executed by authorized representatives of the Parties that make reference to the Agreement, contains the entire understanding of the Parties with respect to the Compounds and Products. Any other express or implied agreements, understandings, negotiations, writings and commitments, either oral or written, with respect to the subject matter of the Agreement are superseded by the terms of the Agreement as amended by this Amendment No. 7.	
 
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IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the Parties, intending to be legally bound, have caused this Amendment No. 7 to be executed by their duly authorized representatives as of the Amendment Effective Date.

 
									
MERCK SHARP & DOHME CORP.	 		 	SAMSUNG BIOEPIS CO., LTD.	
					
By:	 	/s/ Michael T. Nally	 		 	By:	 	/s/ Christopher Hansung Ko	
Name:	 	Michael T. Nally	 		 	Name:	 	Christopher Hansung Ko	
Title:	 	Chief Marketing Officer	 		 	Title:	 	Chief Executive Officer	
					
Date:	 	May 15, 2020	 		 	Date:	 	May 15, 2020	
With regard to paragraphs 3.6 and 3.7:

ORGANON LLC	
		
By:	 	/s/ Jon Filderman	
Name:	 	Jon Filderman	
Title:	 	Vice President	
		
Date:	 	May 15, 2020	
 
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SCHEDULE 1.56D
[* * *]
 
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[* * *]=[CONFIDENTIAL PORTION HAS BEEN OMITTED BECAUSE IT (I) IS NOT MATERIAL AND (II) WOULD BE COMPETITIVELY HARMFUL IF PUBLICLY DISCLOSED.]

Exhibit 10.13
ORGANON & CO.
2021 INCENTIVE STOCK PLAN
(Effective [●], 2021)
 
1.	PURPOSE	
The Plan is established to encourage employees of the Company, its subsidiaries, its affiliates and its joint ventures to acquire common stock in the Company. The Plan shall be available to provide Incentives, including cash incentives, to Eligible Employees of the Company, its subsidiaries, its affiliates and its joint ventures, as provided under the terms of the Plan. It is believed that the Plan will serve the interests of the Company and its stockholders because it allows service providers to have a greater personal financial interest in the Company through ownership of, or the right to acquire the Company’s Common Stock and to earn cash incentives based on the achievement of performance goals, which in turn will stimulate such individuals’ efforts on the Company’s behalf and maintain and strengthen their desire to remain with the Company. It is believed that the Plan also will assist in the recruitment and retention of service providers of the Company, its subsidiaries, its affiliates and its joint ventures.
 
2.	DEFINITIONS	
“Award Period” has the meaning set forth in Section 10(a).
“Board of Directors” means the Board of Directors of the Company.
“Change in Control” means the occurrence, in a single transaction or in a series of related transactions, of any one or more of the following events:
 
 	(a)	any Person becomes the owner, directly or indirectly, of securities of the Company representing more than 50% of the combined voting power of the Company’s then outstanding securities other than by virtue of a merger, consolidation or similar transaction. Notwithstanding the foregoing, a Change in Control will not be deemed to occur (A) on account of the acquisition of securities of the Company directly from the Company, (B) on account of the acquisition of securities of the Company by an investor, any affiliate thereof or any other Person that acquires the Company’s securities in a transaction or series of related transactions the primary purpose of which is to obtain financing for the Company through the issuance of equity securities or (C) solely because the level of ownership held by any Person (the “Subject Person”) exceeds the designated percentage threshold of the outstanding voting securities as a result of a repurchase or other acquisition of voting securities by the Company reducing the number of shares outstanding, provided that if a Change in Control would occur (but for the operation of this sentence) as a result of the acquisition of voting securities by the Company, and after such share acquisition, the Subject Person becomes the owner of any additional voting securities that, assuming the repurchase or other acquisition had not occurred, increases the percentage of the then outstanding voting securities owned by the Subject Person over the designated percentage threshold, then a Change in Control will be deemed to occur;	

 	(b)	there is consummated a merger, consolidation or similar transaction involving (directly or indirectly) the Company and, immediately after the consummation of such merger, consolidation or similar transaction, the stockholders of the Company immediately prior thereto do not own, directly or indirectly, either (A) outstanding voting securities representing 50% or more of the combined outstanding voting power of the surviving entity in such merger, consolidation or similar transaction or (B) 50% or more of the combined outstanding voting power of the parent of the surviving entity in such merger, consolidation or similar transaction, in each case in substantially the same proportions as their ownership of the outstanding voting securities of the Company immediately prior to such transaction;	
 
 	(c)	there is consummated a sale, lease, license or other disposition of all or substantially all of the consolidated assets of the Company and its subsidiaries, other than a sale, lease, license or other disposition of all or substantially all of the consolidated assets of the Company and its subsidiaries to an entity, more than 50% of the combined voting power of the voting securities of which are owned by stockholders of the Company in substantially the same proportions as their ownership of the outstanding voting securities of the Company immediately prior to such sale, lease, license or other disposition; or	
 
 	(d)	individuals who, on the Effective Date, are members of the Board of Directors (the “Incumbent Board”) cease for any reason to constitute at least a majority of the members of the Board of Directors; provided, however, that if the appointment or election (or nomination for election) of any new Board of Directors member was approved or recommended by a majority vote of the members of the Incumbent Board then still in office, such new member will, for purposes of this Plan, be considered as a member of the Incumbent Board.	
Notwithstanding the foregoing definition or any other provision of this Plan, (A) the term Change in Control will not include a sale of assets, merger or other transaction effected exclusively for the purpose of changing the domicile of the Company, and (B) the definition of Change in Control (or any analogous term) in an individual written agreement between the Company or any affiliate and the Eligible Employee will supersede the foregoing definition with respect to Incentives subject to such agreement; provided, however, that if no definition of Change in Control or any analogous term is set forth in such an individual written agreement, the foregoing definition will apply.
If required for compliance with Section 409A of the Code, in no event will a Change in Control be deemed to have occurred if such transaction is not also a “change in the ownership or effective control of” the Company or “a change in the ownership of a substantial portion of the assets of” the Company as determined under U.S. Treasury Regulation Section 1.409A-3(i)(5) (without regard to any alternative definition thereunder). The Board of Directors may, in its sole discretion and without an Eligible Employee’s consent, amend the definition of “Change in Control” to conform to the definition of “Change in Control” under Section 409A of the Code, and the regulations thereunder.
 
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“Code” means the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended.
“Committee” means the Talent Committee of the Board of Directors of the Company or subcommittee thereof, or such other successor committee of the Board of Directors.
“Common Stock” means the common stock, $0.01 par value per share, of the Company and any other securities into which such shares are changed or for which such shares are exchanged.
“Company” means Organon & Co., a Delaware corporation.
“Eligible Employees” shall have the meaning set forth in Section 4(a).
“Employee” means a person employed on a regular full-time or part-time basis by the Company, or its subsidiaries, its affiliates or its joint ventures, including officers, whether or not directors of the Company, and employees of a joint venture partner or affiliate of the Company who provide services to the joint venture with such partner or affiliate. The term “Employee” shall not include any of the following: a person who is an independent contractor, or agrees or has agreed that he/she is an independent contractor of the Company; a person who has any agreement or understanding with the Company, or any of its affiliates or joint venture partners that he/she is not an employee or an Eligible Employee, even if he/she previously had been an employee or Eligible Employee; or a person who is employed by a temporary or other employment agency, regardless of the amount of control, supervision or training provided by the Company or its affiliates; a “leased employee” as defined under Section 414(n) of the Code, in each case, even if a court, agency or other authority rules that he/she is a common-law employee of the Company or its affiliates.
“Exchange Act” means the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended.
“Fair Market Value” means as of any date, unless otherwise determined by the Committee the value of the Common Stock determined as follows: (i) if the Common Stock is listed on any established stock exchange, system or market, its Fair Market Value shall be the closing price for the Common Stock as quoted on such exchange, system or market as reported in the Wall Street Journal or such other source as the Committee deems reliable (or, if no sale of Common Stock is reported for such date, on the next preceding date on which any sale shall have been reported); and (ii) in the absence of an established market for the Common Stock, the Fair Market Value thereof shall be determined in good faith by the Committee by the reasonable application of a reasonable valuation method, taking into account factors consistent with Treas. Reg. § 409A-1(b)(5)(iv)(B) as the Committee deems appropriate.
“Incentive Stock Option” or “ISO” means a stock option satisfying the requirements of Section 422 of the Code and designated by the Committee as an Incentive Stock Option.
“Incentive” means a grant of Stock Options, Stock Appreciation rights, Restricted Stock Grants, Performance Awards, Share Awards, Phantom Stock Awards, and cash or any or all of them.
 
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“Nonqualified Option” means a stock option that is not an Incentive Stock Option.
“Performance Shares” means an award denominated in shares granted to an Eligible Employee under Section 10.
“Performance Awards” means Performance Units or Performance Shares or either or both of them.
“Performance Goals” has the meaning set forth in Section 10(a).
“Performance Units” means an award denominated in shares of Common Stock or cash granted to an Eligible Employee under Section 10.
“Person” means any individual, corporation, partnership, association, limited liability company, joint-stock company, trust or unincorporated organization.
“Phantom Stock Award” means an award of phantom shares of Common Stock granted to an Eligible Employee under Section 12.
“Plan” means this Organon & Co. 2021 Incentive Stock Plan, as amended from time to time.
“Restricted Period” has the meaning set forth in Section 11.
“Restricted Stock” means shares of Common Stock issued or transferred to an Eligible Employee under Section 11.
“Restricted Stock Grants” has the meaning set forth in Section 11.
“Restricted Stock Units” means a right granted to an Eligible Employee under Section 11 representing a number of phantom shares of Common Stock.
“Section 16 Officer” means an individual who serves as an “officer” of the Company as such term is defined in Rule 16(a)-1(f) of the Exchange Act.
“Securities Act” means the Securities Act of 1933, as amended.
“Share Award” means an award of actual shares of Common Stock granted to an Eligible Employee under Section 12.
“Spread” shall have the meaning set forth in Section 9(b).
“Stand Alone SAR” means a Stock Appreciation Right granted without an underlying Stock Option as provided in Section 9.
“Stock Appreciation Right” means a right to receive the appreciation in the Fair Market Value of shares of Common Stock, as provided in Section 9.
“Stock Option” means a Nonqualified Option or an Incentive Stock Option, or either or both of them.
 
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“Substitute Incentive” means an Incentive granted in assumption of, or in substitution or exchange for, awards previously granted, or the right or obligation to make future awards, in each case by a company acquired by the Company or any subsidiary or affiliate with which the Company or any subsidiary or affiliate combines.
“Successor Incentive” shall have the meaning set forth in Section 25(a).
“Tandem SAR” means a Stock Appreciation Right granted with respect to an underlying Stock Option as provided in Section 9.
“Ten Percent Stockholder” means a person who owns (or is deemed to own pursuant to Section 424(d) of the Code) stock possessing more than 10% of the total combined voting power of all classes of stock of the Company or any “parent” or “subsidiary of the Company, as such terms are defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act.
 
3.	ADMINISTRATION	
The Plan shall be administered by the Committee or any designated subcommittee thereof (and references in this Plan to the Committee shall be to such subcommittee, acting in accordance with their governing documents). A Director may serve on the Committee only if he or she is a “Non-Employee Director” of the Company for purposes of Rule 16b-3 under the Exchange Act. The Committee shall be responsible for the administration of the Plan including, without limitation, determining which Eligible Employees receive Incentives, the types of Incentives they receive under the Plan, the number of shares covered by Incentives granted under the Plan, and the other terms and conditions of such Incentives. Determinations by the Committee under the Plan including, without limitation, determinations of the Eligible Employees, the form, amount and timing of Incentives, the terms and provisions of Incentives and the writings evidencing Incentives, need not be uniform and may be made selectively among Eligible Employees who receive, or are eligible to receive, Incentives hereunder, whether or not such Eligible Employees are similarly situated.
The Committee shall have the responsibility of construing and interpreting the Plan and any instrument or agreement relating to the Plan, including but not limited to, the right to correct any defect or supply any omission, construe disputed or doubtful provisions, reconcile any inconsistency in the Plan or in any related instrument or agreement, and of establishing, amending, rescinding and construing such rules and regulations as it may deem necessary or desirable for the proper administration of the Plan, related instrument or agreement. Any decision or action taken or to be taken by the Committee, arising out of or in connection with the construction, administration, interpretation and effect of the Plan, related instrument or agreement, and the Plan’s rules and regulations, shall, to the maximum extent permitted by applicable law, be within its absolute discretion (except as otherwise specifically provided herein) and shall be final, binding and conclusive upon the Company, all Eligible Employees and any person claiming under or through any Eligible Employee.
 
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The Committee, as permitted by applicable state law, may delegate to one or more officers of the Company any or all of its power and authority hereunder, including the authority to do one or both of the following: (i) designate Eligible Employees who are not Section 16 Officers or Directors to receive Incentives and the terms of such Incentives; and (ii) determine the number of shares of Common Stock, if any, subject to such Incentives; provided, however, that the Committee resolutions regarding such delegation will specify the total number of shares of Common Stock that may be subject to the Incentives granted by such delegate and such delegate may not grant any Incentive to himself or herself; and provided further, that such officer of the Company may further delegate such authority in accordance with the Company’s policy on delegation of authority.
For the purpose of this section and all subsequent sections, the Plan shall be deemed to include this Plan and any comparable sub-plans established by subsidiaries which, in the aggregate, shall constitute one Plan governed by the terms set forth herein.
 
4.	ELIGIBILITY	
 
 	(a)	Employees. Employees shall be eligible to participate in the Plan if designated by the Committee (“Eligible Employees”).	
 
 	(b)	No Right To Continued Employment. Nothing in the Plan shall interfere with or limit in any way the right of the Company, its subsidiaries, its affiliates or its joint ventures to terminate the employment of any person at any time, nor confer upon any person the right to continue in the employ of the Company, its subsidiaries, its affiliates or its joint ventures. No Eligible Employee shall have a right to receive an Incentive or any other benefit under this Plan or having been granted an Incentive or other benefit, to receive any additional Incentive or other benefit. Neither the award of an Incentive nor any benefits arising under such Incentives shall constitute an employment contract with the Company, its subsidiaries, its affiliates or its joint ventures, and accordingly, this Plan and the benefits hereunder may be terminated at any time in the sole and exclusive discretion of the Company without giving rise to liability on the part of the Company, its subsidiaries, its affiliates or its joint ventures for severance. Except as may be otherwise specifically stated in any other employee benefit plan, policy or program, neither any Incentive under this Plan nor any amount realized from any such Incentive shall be treated as compensation for any purposes of calculating an employee’s benefit under any such plan, policy or program.	
 
5.	TERM OF THE PLAN	
This Plan was approved by the Board of Directors and the stockholders of the Company on [_], 2021 and is effective as of [•], 2021 (the “Effective Date”). No Incentive that is an Incentive Stock Option shall be granted under the Plan following the tenth anniversary of the Effective Date (or such earlier date that the Plan may be terminated by the Board of Directors), but the term and exercise of Incentives granted theretofore may extend beyond such expiration date.
 
6.	INCENTIVES	
Incentives under the Plan may be granted in any one or a combination of (a) Incentive Stock Options, (b) Nonqualified Options, (c) Stock Appreciation Rights, (d) Restricted Stock Grants, (e) Performance Awards, (f) Share Awards, (g) Phantom Stock Awards, and (h) cash. All Incentives shall be subject to the terms and conditions set forth herein and to such other terms and conditions as may be established by the Committee. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary, any Incentives granted to an individual who is not an Eligible Employee or otherwise in error shall be void ab initio.
 
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7.	SHARES AVAILABLE FOR INCENTIVES	
 
 	(a)	Shares Available. Subject to adjustment as described in subsection (b), the maximum number of shares of Common Stock that may be issued under the Plan is [•] (the “Share Reserve”). No more than an aggregate of [•] million shares may be issued as Incentive Stock Options during the term of the Plan. For the avoidance of doubt, any stock options, performance share units or restricted share units of Merck & Co., Inc. (“Merck”) converted into Company Incentives in connection with the separation of the Company’s business from Merck in accordance with the terms and conditions of that certain Employee Matters Agreement dated as of [•], 2021 by and between Merck and the Company shall count against the Share Reserve.	
 
 	(i)	The following shares of Common Stock shall be added to the maximum share limitation described in the first sentence of paragraph (a): (1) shares tendered or withheld by the Company in payment of all or part of the exercise price of a Stock Option; (2) shares tendered or withheld by the Company to satisfy all or part of the tax withholding obligation of an Incentive on the vesting or exercise thereof; and (3) shares not issued upon exercise of all or a portion of a Stock Appreciation Right that is settled in shares. Shares under this Plan may be delivered by the Company from its authorized but unissued shares of Common Stock or from issued and reacquired Common Stock held as treasury stock, or both. In no event shall fractional shares of Common Stock be issued under the Plan. For purposes of determining the number of shares of Common Stock remaining available for issuance under the Plan, only Incentives payable in shares of Common Stock shall be counted.	
 
 	(ii)	In the event that a company acquired by the Company or any subsidiary or affiliate or with which the Company or any subsidiary or affiliate combines has shares available under a pre-existing plan approved by stockholders and not adopted in contemplation of such acquisition or combination, the shares available for issuance pursuant to the terms of such pre-existing plan (as adjusted, to the extent appropriate, using the exchange ratio or other adjustment or valuation ratio or formula used in such acquisition or combination to determine the consideration payable to the holders of common stock of the entities party to such acquisition or combination) may be used for Incentives and shall not be counted as issued for purposes of determining the number of shares remaining available for issuance under the first sentence of this paragraph (a); provided that such Incentives shall not be made after the date awards or grants could have been made under the terms of the pre-existing plan, absent the acquisition or combination, and shall only be made to individuals who were not employees or directors of the Company or any subsidiary or affiliate prior to such acquisition or combination.	
 
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 	(iii)	The following shares of Common Stock relating to Incentives are not counted as issued for purposes of determining the number of shares remaining available for issuance under the Plan:	
 
 	(1)	Shares of Common Stock subject to an Incentive that is settled in cash in lieu of shares;	
 
 	(2)	Shares of Common Stock subject to an Incentive that expires, is forfeited, cancelled or terminates for any reason without issuance of shares;	
 
 	(3)	Shares of Common Stock subject to a Substitute Incentive; and	
 
 	(4)	Shares of Restricted Stock that are forfeited and returned to the Company upon a participant’s termination of employment.	
 
 	(b)	Adjustment of Shares. In the event of a reorganization, recapitalization, reclassification, stock split or reverse stock split, stock dividend, extraordinary cash dividend, combination or exchange of shares, repurchase of shares, merger, consolidation, rights offering, spin off, split off, split up, change in corporate structure, or other event identified by the Committee, the Committee shall make such equitable adjustments, in a manner it may deem appropriate, in (i) the number and kind of shares authorized for issuance under the Plan, (ii) the number and kind of shares subject to outstanding Incentives, (iii) the option price of Stock Options, (iv) the grant price of Stock Appreciation Rights; and (v) the terms and conditions of any outstanding Incentives (including, without limitation, any applicable performance targets or criteria with respect thereto). Any such determination shall be final, binding and conclusive on all parties.	
 
8.	STOCK OPTIONS	
The Committee may grant options qualifying as ISOs and Nonqualified Options. Such Stock Options shall be subject to the following terms and conditions and such other terms and conditions as the Committee may prescribe:
 
 	(a)	Stock Option Price. The option price per share with respect to each Stock Option shall be determined by the Committee, but shall not be less than 100 percent of the Fair Market Value of the Common Stock on the date the Stock Option is granted other than Stock Options that are Substitute Incentives, as determined by the Committee. Notwithstanding the foregoing, a Ten Percent Stockholder will not be granted an ISO unless the exercise price of the ISO is at least 110 percent of the Fair Market Value of the Common Stock on the date the ISO is granted.	
 
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 	(b)	Period of Stock Option. The period of each Stock Option shall be fixed by the Committee, provided that the period for all Stock Options shall not exceed ten years from the grant, provided further, however, that, (i) in the event of the death of an Optionee prior to the expiration of a Nonqualified Option, such Nonqualified Option may, if the Committee so determines, be exercisable for up to 11 years from the date of the grant, (ii) the Committee may provide in a grant agreement that the term of any Stock Option shall be extended during any period that such Stock Option may not be exercised under any applicable law or during an applicable blackout period, and (iii) an ISO granted to a Ten Percent Stockholder will not be exercisable after the expiration of five years from the date of grant. The Committee may, subsequent to the granting of any Stock Option, extend the term thereof, but in no event shall the extended term exceed ten years from the original grant date (11 in case of a grantee’s death).	
 
 	(c)	Exercise of Stock Option and Payment Therefore. No shares shall be issued until full payment of the option price has been made. The option price may be paid in cash or, if the Committee determines, in shares of Common Stock (by tendering previously acquired Shares, either actually or by attestation, or by the Company withholding shares otherwise issuable in connection with the exercise of the Option), a combination of cash and shares of Common Stock, or through a cashless exercise procedure that allows grantees to sell immediately some or all of the shares underlying the exercised portion of the Option in order to generate sufficient cash to pay the option price. If the Committee approves the use of shares of Common Stock as a payment method, the Committee shall establish such conditions as it deems appropriate for the use of Common Stock to exercise a Stock Option. Stock Options awarded under the Plan shall be exercised through such procedure or program as the Committee may establish or define from time to time, which may include a designated broker that must be used in exercising such Stock Options.	
 
 	(d)	First Exercisable Date. The Committee shall determine how and when shares covered by a Stock Option may be purchased. The Committee may establish waiting periods, the dates on which Stock Options become exercisable or non-forfeitable and, subject to paragraph (b) of this section, exercise periods. The Committee may accelerate the exercisability of any Stock Option or portion thereof.	
 
 	(e)	Termination of Employment. Unless determined otherwise by the Committee, upon the termination of a Stock Option grantee’s employment (for any reason other than gross misconduct), Stock Option privileges shall be limited to the shares that were immediately exercisable at the date of such termination. The Committee, however, in its discretion, may provide that any Stock Options outstanding but not yet exercisable upon the termination of a Stock Option grantee’s employment may become exercisable in accordance with a schedule determined by the Committee. Such Stock Option privileges shall expire unless exercised within such period of time after the date of termination of employment as may be established by the Committee, but in no event later than the expiration date of the Stock Option.	
 
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 	(f)	Termination Due to Misconduct. If a Stock Option grantee’s employment is terminated for gross misconduct, as determined by the Company, all rights under the Stock Option shall expire upon the date of such termination.	
 
 	(g)	Limits on ISOs. Except as may otherwise be permitted by the Code, an Eligible Employee may not receive a grant of ISOs for stock that would have an aggregate Fair Market Value in excess of $100,000 (or such other amount as the Internal Revenue Service may decide from time to time), determined as of the time that the ISO is granted, that would be exercisable for the first time by such person during any calendar year. If any grant is made in excess of the limits provided in the Code, such grant shall automatically become a Nonqualified Option. In addition, ISOs may only be granted to Employees of the Company and its subsidiaries.	
 
 	(h)	Dividends. Anything in the Plan to the contrary notwithstanding, no dividends or dividend equivalents may be paid on Stock Options.	
 
9.	STOCK APPRECIATION RIGHTS	
The Committee may, in its discretion, grant a Stock Appreciation Right either singly or in combination with an underlying Stock Option granted hereunder. Such Stock Appreciation Right shall be subject to the following terms and conditions and such other terms and conditions as the Committee may prescribe:
 
 	(a)	Time and Period of Grant. If a Stock Appreciation Right is granted as a Tandem SAR, it may be granted at the time of the Stock Option grant or at any time thereafter but prior to the expiration of the Stock Option grant. At the time the Tandem SAR is granted the Committee may limit the exercise period for such Stock Appreciation Right, before and after which period no Stock Appreciation Right shall attach to the underlying Stock Option. In no event shall the exercise period for a Tandem SAR exceed the exercise period for such Stock Option. If a Stock Appreciation Right is granted as a Stand Alone SAR the period for exercise of the Stock Appreciation Right shall be set by the Committee. The maximum term of a Stand Alone SAR shall not exceed ten years from the grant, provided further, however, that, in the event of the death of the grantee prior to the expiration of such Stand Alone SAR, such Stand Alone SAR may, if the Committee so determines, be exercisable for up to eleven years from the date of the grant and the Committee may provide in a grant agreement that the term of any Stock Option shall be extended during any period that such Stock Option may not be exercised under any applicable law or during an applicable blackout period.	
 
 	(b)	Value of Stock Appreciation Right. The grantee of a Tandem SAR will be entitled to surrender the Stock Option which is then exercisable and receive in exchange therefore an amount equal to the excess of the Fair Market Value of the Common Stock on the date the election to surrender is received by the Company in accordance with exercise procedures established by the Company over the Stock Option price (the “Spread”) multiplied by the number of shares covered by the Stock Option which is surrendered. The grantee of a Stand Alone SAR will receive upon exercise of the Stock Appreciation Right an amount equal to the excess of the	
 
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 	Fair Market Value of the Common Stock on the date the election to surrender such Stand Alone SAR is received by the Company in accordance with exercise procedures established by the Company over the Fair Market Value of the Common Stock on the date of grant multiplied by the portion being exercised of the number of shares covered by the grant of the Stand Alone SAR. Notwithstanding the foregoing, in its sole discretion the Committee at the time it grants a Stock Appreciation Right may provide that the Spread covered by such Stock Appreciation Right may not exceed a specified amount.	
 
 	(c)	Payment of Stock Appreciation Right. Payment of a Stock Appreciation Right shall be in the form of shares of Common Stock, cash or any combination of shares and cash. The form of payment upon exercise of such a right shall be determined by the Committee either at the time of grant of the Stock Appreciation Right or at the time of exercise of the Stock Appreciation Right.	
 
 	(d)	Dividends. Anything in the Plan to the contrary notwithstanding, no dividends or dividend equivalents may be paid on Stock Appreciation Rights.	
 
 	(e)	Termination of Employment. Unless determined otherwise by the Committee, upon the termination of a Stock Appreciation Right grantee’s employment (for any reason other than gross misconduct), Stock Appreciation Right privileges shall be limited to the shares that were immediately exercisable at the date of such termination. The Committee, however, in its discretion, may provide that any Stand Alone Stock Appreciation Right outstanding but not yet exercisable upon the termination of a Stock Appreciation Right grantee’s employment may become exercisable in accordance with a schedule determined by the Committee. Such privileges shall expire unless exercised within such period of time after the date of termination of employment as may be established by the Committee, but in no event later than the expiration date of the Stock Appreciation Right.	
 
 	(f)	Termination Due to Misconduct. If a Stock Appreciation Right grantee’s employment is terminated for gross misconduct, as determined by the Company, all rights under the Stock Appreciation Right shall expire upon the date of such termination.	
 
10.	PERFORMANCE AWARDS	
The Committee may grant Performance Awards, including Performance Shares or Performance Units, if the performance of the Company or its parent or any subsidiary, division, business unit, affiliate or joint venture of the Company selected by the Committee during the Award Period meets certain goals established by the Committee. Performance Awards shall be subject to the following terms and conditions and such other terms and conditions as the Committee may prescribe:
 
 	(a)	Award Period and Performance Goals. The Committee shall determine and include in the terms and conditions of a Performance Award the period of time for which a Performance Award is made (“Award Period”). The Committee also shall establish performance objectives (“Performance Goals”) to be met by the Company, its subsidiary, division, business unit, affiliate or joint venture of the Company during the Award Period as a condition to payment of the Performance Award. The Performance Goals may include minimum and optimum objectives or a single set of objectives, may be applied to either the Company as a whole or to a subsidiary, division, business unit, affiliate or joint venture, either individually, alternatively or in any combination, and measured either annually or cumulatively over a period of years, on an absolute basis or relative to a pre-established target, to previous years’ results or to a designated comparison group, in each case as specified by the Committee.	
 
 	(b)	Payment of Performance Awards. The Committee shall establish the method of calculating the amount of payment to be made under a Performance Award if the Performance Goals are met, including the fixing of a maximum payment. After the completion of an Award Period, the performance of the Company, its subsidiary, division, business unit, affiliate or joint venture of the Company shall be measured against the Performance Goals, and the Committee shall determine,	
 
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 	in accordance with the terms of such Performance Award, whether all, none or any portion of a Performance Award shall be paid. The Committee, in its discretion, may elect to make payment in shares of Common Stock, cash or a combination of shares and cash. Any cash payment of an award measured relative to Common Stock shall be based on the Fair Market Value of shares of Common Stock on, or as soon as practicable prior to, the date of payment. The Committee may establish rules and procedures to permit a grantee to defer recognition of income upon the attainment of a Performance Award.	
 
 	(c)	Revision of Performance Goals. The Committee may revise the Performance Goals and the computation of payment if one or more events occur which have a substantial effect on the performance of the Company, subsidiary, division, affiliate or joint venture of the Company and which, in the judgment of the Committee, make the application of the Performance Goals unfair unless a revision is made, including without limitation, to reflect losses from discontinued operations, extraordinary, unusual or nonrecurring gains and losses, the cumulative effect of accounting changes, acquisitions or divestitures, structural changes/outsourcing, foreign exchange impacts, the impact of specified corporate transactions, accounting or tax law changes and other extraordinary or nonrecurring events.	
 
 	(d)	Requirement of Employment. Except as otherwise provided in the grant agreement evidencing the Incentive, a grantee of a Performance Award must remain in the employ of the Company, its subsidiary, affiliate or joint venture until the completion of the Award Period in order to be entitled to payment under the Performance Award; provided that the Committee may, in its discretion, provide for a full or partial payment where such an exception is deemed equitable.	
 
 	(e)	Dividends. The Committee may, in its discretion, at the time of the Performance Award grant, determine if any dividends declared on the Common Stock during the Award Period which would have been paid with respect to Performance Shares had they been owned by a grantee or dividend equivalents be either (i) accumulated for the benefit of the grantee and used to increase the number of Performance Shares of the grantee, or paid as cash, at the end of the Award Period or (ii) not paid or accumulated. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary, such dividends or dividend equivalents shall only be payable following the end of the Performance Period to the extent that the Performance Shares have been earned.	
 
11.	RESTRICTED STOCK GRANTS	
The Committee may grant Restricted Stock or Restricted Stock Units to an Eligible Employee, which shall be subject to the following terms and conditions and such other terms and conditions as the Committee may prescribe (“Restricted Stock Grants”). Such grants shall not be free from restriction during the period designated by the Committee (the “Restricted Period”).
 
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 	(a)	Requirement of Employment. A grantee of a Restricted Stock Grant must remain in the employment of the Company during the Restricted Period in order to receive the shares, cash or combination thereof under the Restricted Stock Grant. Except as otherwise provided in the grant agreement evidencing the Incentive, if the grantee leaves the employment of the Company prior to the end of the Restricted Period, the Restricted Stock Grant shall terminate and any shares of Common Stock shall be returned immediately to the Company, provided that the Committee may provide for the employment restriction to lapse with respect to a portion or portions of the Restricted Stock Grant at different times during the Restricted Period. The Committee may, in its discretion, also provide for such complete or partial exceptions to the employment restriction as it deems equitable.	
 
 	(b)	Restrictions on Transfer and Legend on Stock Certificates. During the Restricted Period, the grantee may not sell, assign, transfer, pledge or otherwise dispose of the Restricted Stock Grant, including but not limited to any shares of Common Stock. Any certificate for shares of Common Stock issued hereunder shall contain a legend giving appropriate notice of the restrictions in the grant.	
 
 	(c)	Escrow Agreement. The Committee may require the grantee to enter into an escrow agreement providing that any certificates representing the Restricted Stock Grant will remain in the physical custody of an escrow holder until all restrictions are removed or expire.	
 
 	(d)	Lapse of Restrictions. All restrictions imposed under the Restricted Stock Grant shall lapse upon the expiration of the Restricted Period if the conditions as to employment set forth above have been met. The grantee shall then be entitled to have the legend removed from any certificates for Restricted Stock. Restricted Stock Units may be paid in the form of shares of Common Stock, cash or any combination of shares and cash as determined by the Committee. The Committee may establish rules and procedures to permit a grantee to defer recognition of income upon the expiration of the Restricted Period.	
 
 	(e)	Dividends. The Committee may, in its discretion, at the time of the Restricted Stock Grant, provide that any dividends declared on Common Stock during the Restricted Period or dividend equivalents be (i) accumulated for the benefit of the grantee and used to increase the number of shares of Common Stock subject to the Restricted Stock Grant, or paid as cash, to the grantee at the expiration of the Restricted Period or (ii) not accumulated. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary, such dividends or dividend equivalents shall only be payable following the expiration of the Restricted Period to the extent that the Restricted Stock Grant has been earned.	
 
12.	OTHER SHARE-BASED AWARDS	
The Committee may grant a Share Award or Phantom Stock Award to any Eligible Employee on such terms and conditions as the Committee may determine in its sole discretion. Share Awards may be made as additional compensation for services rendered by the Eligible Employee or may be in lieu of cash or other compensation to which the Eligible Employee is entitled from the Company. The Committee may, in its discretion, at the time a Share Award or Phantom Award is granted, provide that any dividends declared on Common Stock during the applicable Restricted Period or dividend equivalents be (i) accumulated for the benefit of the grantee and
 
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used to increase the number of shares of Common Stock subject to the applicable Share Award or Phantom Award, or paid as cash, to the grantee at the expiration of the Restricted Period or (ii) not accumulated. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary, such dividends or dividend equivalents shall only be payable to the extent that the applicable Share Award or Phantom Award has been earned.
 
13.	CASH AWARDS	
The Committee may grant a Cash Award to any Eligible Employee on such terms and conditions as the Committee may determine in its sole discretion. Cash Awards may be made as additional compensation for services rendered by the Eligible Employee or may be in lieu other compensation to which the Eligible Employee is entitled from the Company. A Cash Award may or may not be subject to vesting conditions, including performance-based vesting conditions consistent with other forms of Performance Awards.
 
14.	TRANSFERABILITY	
Each Stock Option and Stock Appreciation Right granted under the Plan shall not be transferable other than by will or the laws of descent and distribution; each other Incentive granted under the Plan will not be transferable or assignable by the recipient, and may not be made subject to execution, attachment or similar procedures, other than by will or the laws of descent and distribution or as determined by the Committee in accordance with the Exchange Act or any other applicable law or regulation. Notwithstanding the foregoing, the Committee, in its discretion, may adopt rules permitting the transfer, solely as gifts during the grantee’s lifetime, of Stock Options (other than ISOs) and Stock Appreciation Right to members of a grantee’s immediate family or to trusts, family partnerships or similar entities for the benefit of such immediate family members. For this purpose, immediate family member means the grantee’s spouse, parent, child, stepchild, grandchild and the spouses of such family members. The terms of a Stock Option and Stock Appreciation Right shall be final, binding and conclusive upon the beneficiaries, executors, administrators, heirs and successors of the grantee.
 
15.	DISCONTINUANCE OR AMENDMENT OF THE PLAN	
The Board of Directors may discontinue the Plan at any time and may from time to time amend or revise the terms of the Plan as permitted by applicable statutes, except that it may not, without the consent of the grantees affected, revoke or alter, in a manner that is materially unfavorable to the grantees of any Incentives hereunder, any Incentives then outstanding, nor may the Board of Directors amend the Plan without stockholder approval where the absence of such approval would cause the Plan to fail to comply with any requirement of applicable law or regulation or the listing requirements of any national securities exchange or association on which the Common Stock is then listed. Notwithstanding the foregoing, without consent of affected grantees, Incentives may be amended, revised or revoked when necessary to avoid penalties under Section 409A of the Code, to ensure compliance with the listing requirements any national securities exchange or association on which the Common Stock is then listed, or as may be required or appropriate to comply with changes in applicable laws and regulations. Unless approved by the Company’s stockholders or as otherwise specifically provided under this Plan, no adjustments or reduction of the exercise price of any outstanding Stock Appreciation Rights or Stock Options
 
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shall be made in the event of a decline in stock price, either by reducing the exercise price of outstanding Incentives or through cancellation of outstanding Incentives in connection with regranting of Incentives at a lower price to the same individual, nor may Stock Appreciation Rights or Stock Options be cancelled in exchange for a cash payment to account for a decline in stock price.
 
16.	NO LIMITATION ON COMPENSATION	
Nothing in the Plan shall be construed to limit the right of the Company to establish other plans or to pay compensation to its service providers, in cash or property, in a manner which is not expressly authorized under the Plan.
 
17.	NO CONSTRAINT ON CORPORATE ACTION	
Nothing in the Plan shall be construed (i) to limit, impair or otherwise affect the Company’s right or power to make adjustments, reclassifications, reorganizations or changes of its capital or business structure, or to merge or consolidate, or dissolve, liquidate, sell or transfer all or any part of its business or assets, or (ii) except as provided in Section 15, to limit the right or power of the Company, or any subsidiary, affiliate or joint venture to take any action which such entity deems to be necessary or appropriate.
 
18.	WITHHOLDING TAXES	
The Company shall be entitled to deduct from any payment under the Plan, regardless of the form of such payment, the amount of all applicable income, excise and employment taxes required or permitted by law to be withheld with respect to such payment or may require the Eligible Employee to pay to it such tax prior to and as a condition of the making of such payment. In accordance with any applicable administrative guidelines it establishes, the Committee may allow an Eligible Employee to pay the amount of taxes required by law to be withheld from an Incentive by withholding from any payment of Common Stock due as a result of such Incentive, or by permitting the Eligible Employee to deliver to the Company, shares of Common Stock having a Fair Market Value, as determined by the Committee, equal to the amount of such required or permitted withholding taxes.
 
19.	COMPLIANCE WITH SECTION 16 OF THE EXCHANGE ACT	
With respect to Eligible Employees who are Section 16 Officers, transactions under the Plan are intended to comply with all applicable conditions of Rule 16b-3 or its successor under the Exchange Act. To the extent that compliance with any Plan provision applicable solely to the Section 16 Officers is not required in order to bring a transaction by such Section 16 Officer into compliance with Rule 16b-3, it shall be deemed null and void as to such transaction, to the extent permitted by law and deemed advisable by the Committee and its delegees. To the extent any provision of the Plan or action by the Plan administrators involving such Section 16 Officers is deemed not to comply with an applicable condition of Rule 16b-3, it shall be deemed null and void as to such Section 16 Officers, to the extent permitted by law and deemed advisable by the Plan administrators.
 
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20.	COMPLIANCE WITH SECTION 409A OF THE CODE	
To the extent applicable, to the extent an Incentive is granted to an Eligible Employee subject to the Code, it is intended that such Incentive be exempt from Section 409A of the Code or be structured in a manner that would not cause the Eligible Employee to be subject to taxes and interest pursuant to Section 409A of the Code. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary in the Plan (and unless the award document specifically provides otherwise), if an Eligible Employee holding an Incentive that constitutes “deferred compensation” under Section 409A of the Code is a “specified employee” for purposes of Section 409A of the Code and the Eligible Employee is otherwise subject to Section 409A of the Code, no distribution or payment of any amount that is due because of a “separation from service” (as defined in Section 409A of the Code without regard to alternative definitions thereunder) will be issued or paid before the date that is six months following the date of such Eligible Employee’s “separation from service” or, if earlier, the date of the Eligible Employee’s death, unless such distribution or payment can be made in a manner that complies with Section 409A of the Code, and any amounts so deferred will be paid in a lump sum on the day after such six month period elapses, with the balance paid thereafter on the original schedule.
 
21.	USE OF PROCEEDS	
Any proceeds received by the Company under the Plan shall be added to the general funds of the Company and shall be used for such corporate purposes as the Board of Directors shall direct.
 
22.	GOVERNING LAW	
The Plan, and all agreements hereunder, shall be construed in accordance with and governed by the laws of the State of Delaware without giving effect to the principles of conflicts of laws. Unless otherwise set forth in the applicable grant agreement, the State and Federal courts located in the State of Delaware shall have exclusive jurisdiction for any action brought under the Plan or pursuant to any Incentive.
 
23.	REGISTRATION AND APPROVALS	
The obligation of the Company to sell or deliver shares of Common Stock with respect to Incentives granted under the Plan shall be subject to all applicable laws, rules and regulations, including all applicable federal and state securities laws, and the obtaining of all such approvals by governmental agencies as may be deemed necessary or appropriate by the Committee. Each Incentive is subject to the requirement that, if at any time the Committee determines, in its discretion, that the listing, registration or qualification of shares of Common Stock issuable pursuant to the Plan is required by any securities exchange or under any state or federal law, or the consent or approval of any governmental regulatory body is necessary or desirable as a condition of, or in connection with, the grant of an Incentive or the issuance of shares of Common Stock, no Incentives shall be granted or payment made or shares of Common Stock issued, in whole or in part, unless listing, registration, qualification, consent or approval has been effected or obtained free of any conditions as acceptable to the Committee. Notwithstanding anything contained in the Plan, the terms and conditions related to the Incentive, or any other agreement to the contrary, in the event that the disposition of shares of Common Stock acquired pursuant to the Plan is not covered by a then current registration statement under the Securities Act, and is not otherwise exempt from such registration, such shares of Common Stock shall be restricted against transfer to the extent required by the Securities Act and Rule 144 or other
 
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regulations thereunder. The Committee may require any individual receiving shares of Common Stock pursuant to an Incentive granted under the Plan, as a condition precedent to receipt of such shares of Common Stock, to represent and warrant to the Company in writing that the shares of Common Stock acquired by such individual are acquired without a view to any distribution thereof and will not be sold or transferred other than pursuant to an effective registration thereof under said Act or pursuant to an exemption applicable under the Securities Act or the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder. The certificates evidencing any of such shares of Common Stock shall be appropriately amended or have an appropriate legend placed thereon to reflect their status as restricted securities as aforesaid.
 
24.	OFFSET AND SUSPENSION OF EXERCISE	
Anything to the contrary in the Plan notwithstanding, the Plan administrators may (i) offset any Incentive by amounts reasonably believed to be owed to the Company by the grantee and (ii) disallow an Incentive to be exercised or otherwise payable during a time when the Company is investigating reasonably reliable allegations of gross misconduct by the grantee.
 
25.	EFFECT OF A CHANGE IN CONTROL	
The following provisions will apply to Incentives in the event of a Change in Control unless otherwise provided in the grant agreement evidencing the Incentive or any other written agreement between the Company or any affiliate and the Eligible Employee or unless otherwise expressly provided by the Committee at the time of grant of an Incentive. In the event of a Change in Control, then, notwithstanding any other provision of this Plan, the Committee will take one or more of the following actions with respect to each outstanding Incentive, contingent upon the closing or completion of the Change in Control:
 
 	(a)	arrange for the surviving corporation or acquiring corporation (or the surviving or acquiring corporation’s parent company) to assume or continue the Incentive or to substitute a similar award for the Incentive (including, but not limited to, an award to acquire the same consideration per share paid to the stockholders of the Company pursuant to the Change in Control);	
 
 	(b)	accelerate the vesting, in whole or in part, of the Incentive (and, if applicable, the time at which the Incentive may be exercised) to a date prior to the effective time of such Change in Control as the Committee determines, with such Incentive terminating if not exercised (if applicable) at or prior to the effective time of the Change in Control, and with such exercise reversed if the Change in Control does not become effective;	
 
 	(c)	cancel or arrange for the cancellation of the Incentive, to the extent not vested or not exercised prior to the effective time of the Change in Control, in exchange for such cash consideration, if any, as the Committee, in its reasonable determination, may consider appropriate as an approximation of the value of the canceled Incentive, taking into account the value of the Common Stock subject to the canceled Incentive, the possibility that the Incentive might not otherwise vest in full, and such other factors as the Committee deems relevant; and	
 
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 	(d)	cancel or arrange for the cancellation of the Incentive, to the extent not vested or not exercised prior to the effective time of the Change in Control, in exchange for a payment, in such form as may be determined by the Committee equal to the excess, if any, of (A) the value in the Change in Control of the property the Eligible Employee would have received upon the exercise of the Incentive immediately prior to the effective time of the Change in Control, over (B) any exercise price payable by such holder in connection with such exercise	
The Committee need not take the same action or actions with respect to all Incentives or portions thereof or with respect to all Participants. The Committee may take different actions with respect to the vested and unvested portions of an Incentive.
In the absence of any affirmative determination by the Committee at the time of a Change in Control, each outstanding Incentive will be assumed or an equivalent award will be substituted by such successor corporation or a parent or subsidiary of such successor corporation (the “Successor Corporation”), unless the Successor Corporation does not agree to assume the Incentive or to substitute an equivalent award, in which case the vesting of such Incentive will accelerate in its entirety (along with, if applicable, the time at which the Incentive may be exercised) to a date prior to the effective time of such Change in Control as the Committee determines, with such Incentive terminating if not exercised (if applicable) at or prior to the effective time of the Change in Control, and with such exercise reversed if the Change in Control does not become effective.
An Incentive may be subject to additional acceleration of vesting and exercisability upon or after a Change in Control as may be provided in the grant agreement evidencing the Incentive or as may be provided in any other written agreement between the Company or any affiliate and the Eligible Employee, but in the absence of such provision, no such acceleration will occur.
 
26.	CLAWBACK, RECOUPMENT	
The Committee may specify in a grant agreement evidencing an Incentive that the Eligible Employee’s right, payment and benefits with respect to an Incentive shall be subject to reduction, cancellation, forfeiture, clawback or recoupment upon the occurrence of certain specified events or as required by the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act or other applicable law, in addition to any otherwise applicable forfeiture provisions that apply to the Incentive. Without limiting the generality of the foregoing, any Incentive under the Plan shall be subject to the terms of any clawback policy maintained by the Company or as required by law, as it may be amended from time to time.
 
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Exhibit 10.14
INDEMNIFICATION AGREEMENT
This Indemnification Agreement (this “Agreement”) is entered into as of                , 2021 (the “Effective Date”) by and between Organon & Co., a Delaware corporation (the “Company”), and                (the “Indemnitee”).
RECITALS
WHEREAS, the Board of Directors has determined that the inability to attract and retain qualified persons as directors and officers is detrimental to the best interests of the Company’s stockholders and that the Company should act to assure such persons that there shall be adequate certainty of protection through insurance and indemnification against risks of claims and actions against them arising out of their service to and activities on behalf of the Company;
WHEREAS, the Company has adopted provisions in its Bylaws providing for indemnification and advancement of expenses of its directors and officers, and the Company wishes to clarify and enhance the rights and obligations of the Company and the Indemnitee with respect to indemnification and advancement of expenses;
WHEREAS, in order to induce and encourage highly experienced and capable persons such as the Indemnitee to serve and continue to serve as directors and officers of the Company and in any other capacity with respect to the Company as the Company may request, and to otherwise promote the desirable end that such persons shall resist what they consider unjustified lawsuits and claims made against them in connection with the good faith performance of their duties to the Company, with the knowledge that certain costs, judgments, penalties, fines, liabilities, and expenses incurred by them in their defense of such litigation are to be borne by the Company and they shall receive appropriate protection against such risks and liabilities, the Board of Directors of the Company has determined that the following Agreement is reasonable and prudent to promote and ensure the best interests of the Company and its stockholders; and
WHEREAS, the Company desires to have the Indemnitee serve or continue to serve as a director or officer of the Company and in any other capacity with respect to the Company as the Company may request, as the case may be, free from undue concern for unpredictable, inappropriate, or unreasonable legal risks and personal liabilities by reason of the Indemnitee acting in good faith in the performance of the Indemnitee’s duty to the Company; and the Indemnitee desires to continue so to serve the Company, provided, and on the express condition, that he or she is furnished with the protections set forth hereinafter.
AGREEMENT
NOW, THEREFORE, in consideration of the Indemnitee’s continued service as a director or officer of the Company, the parties hereto agree as follows:
1.    Definitions. For purposes of this Agreement:
(a)    A “Change in Control” will be deemed to have occurred if, with respect to any particular 24-month period, the individuals who, at the beginning of such 24-month period,

constituted the Board of Directors of the Company (the “Incumbent Board”) cease for any reason to constitute at least a majority of the Board of Directors; provided, however, that any individual becoming a director subsequent to the beginning of such 24-month period whose election, or nomination for election by the stockholders of the Company, was approved by a vote of at least a majority of the directors then comprising the Incumbent Board shall be considered as though such individual were a member of the Incumbent Board, but excluding, for this purpose, any such individual whose initial assumption of office occurs as a result of an actual or threatened election contest with respect to the election or removal of directors or other actual or threatened solicitation of proxies or consents by or on behalf of a person other than the Board of Directors. For the avoidance of doubt, a “Change in Control” shall not include the “spin-off,” “distribution” or the “separation” (in each case, as defined in the registration statement on Form 10 filed by the Company) relating to Merck & Co., Inc. and the Company or the actions or transactions contemplated to effect any of them.
(b)    “Disinterested Director” means a director of the Company who is not or was not a party to the Proceeding in respect of which indemnification is being sought by the Indemnitee.
(c)    “Expenses” includes, without limitation, expenses incurred in connection with the defense or settlement of any action, suit, arbitration, alternative dispute resolution mechanism, investigation, inquiry, judicial, administrative, or legislative hearing, or any other threatened, pending, or completed proceeding, whether brought by or in the right of the Company or otherwise, including any and all appeals, whether of a civil, criminal, administrative, legislative, investigative, or other nature, attorneys’ fees, witness fees and expenses, fees and expenses of accountants and other advisors, retainers and disbursements and advances thereon, the premium, security for, and other costs relating to any bond (including cost bonds, appraisal bonds, or their equivalents), and any expenses of establishing a right to indemnification or advancement under Sections 9, 11, 13, and 16 hereof, but shall not include the amount of judgments, fines, ERISA excise taxes, or penalties actually levied against the Indemnitee, or any amounts paid in settlement by or on behalf of the Indemnitee.
(d)    “Independent Counsel” means a law firm or a member of a law firm that neither is presently nor in the past five years has been retained to represent (i) the Company or the Indemnitee in any matter material to either such party or (ii) any other party to the Proceeding giving rise to a request for indemnification hereunder. Notwithstanding the foregoing, the term “Independent Counsel” shall not include any person who, under the applicable standards of professional conduct then prevailing, would have a conflict of interest in representing either the Company or the Indemnitee in an action to determine the Indemnitee’s right to indemnification under this Agreement.
(e)    “Proceeding” means any action, suit, arbitration, alternative dispute resolution mechanism, investigation, inquiry, judicial, administrative, or legislative hearing, or any other threatened, pending, or completed proceeding, whether brought by or in the right of the Company or otherwise, including any and all appeals, whether of a civil, criminal, administrative, legislative, investigative, or other nature, to which the Indemnitee was or is a party or is threatened to be made a party or is otherwise involved in by reason of the fact that the Indemnitee is or was a director, officer, employee, agent, or trustee of the Company or while a director, officer, employee, agent, or trustee of the Company is or was serving at the request of the Company as a director, officer, employee, agent, or trustee of another corporation or of a partnership, joint venture, trust, or other enterprise, including service with respect to an employee benefit plan, or by reason of anything done or not done by the Indemnitee in any such capacity, whether or not the Indemnitee is serving in such capacity at the time any expense, liability, or loss is incurred for which indemnification or advancement can be provided under this Agreement.
 
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2.    Service by the Indemnitee. The Indemnitee shall serve and/or continue to serve as a director or officer of the Company faithfully and to the best of the Indemnitee’s ability so long as the Indemnitee is duly elected or appointed and until such time as the Indemnitee’s successor is elected and qualified or the Indemnitee is removed as permitted by applicable law or tenders a resignation.
3.    Indemnification and Advancement of Expenses. The Company shall indemnify and hold harmless the Indemnitee, and shall pay to the Indemnitee in advance of the final disposition of any Proceeding all Expenses incurred by the Indemnitee in defending any such Proceeding, to the fullest extent authorized by the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware (the “DGCL”), as the same exists or may hereafter be amended, all on the terms and conditions set forth in this Agreement. Without diminishing the scope of the rights provided by this Section, the rights of the Indemnitee to indemnification and advancement of Expenses provided hereunder shall include but shall not be limited to those rights hereinafter set forth, except that no indemnification or advancement of Expenses shall be paid to the Indemnitee (unless the Board of Directors otherwise determines that such payment is appropriate):
(a)    to the extent expressly prohibited by applicable law;
(b)    for and to the extent that payment is actually made to the Indemnitee under a valid and collectible insurance policy or under a valid and enforceable indemnity clause, provision of the certificate of incorporation or bylaws, or agreement of the Company or any other company or other enterprise (and the Indemnitee shall reimburse the Company for any amounts paid by the Company and subsequently so recovered by the Indemnitee);
(c)    in connection with an action, suit, or proceeding, or part thereof voluntarily initiated by the Indemnitee (including claims and counterclaims, whether such counterclaims are asserted by (i) the Indemnitee, or (ii) the Company in an action, suit, or proceeding initiated by the Indemnitee), except a judicial proceeding or arbitration pursuant to Section 11 to enforce rights under this Agreement, unless the action, suit, or proceeding, or part thereof, was authorized or ratified by the Board of Directors of the Company or the Board of Directors otherwise determines that indemnification or advancement of Expenses is appropriate; or
(d)    with respect to any Proceeding brought by or in the right of the Company against the Indemnitee that is authorized or ratified by the Board of Directors of the Company, including any Proceeding brought by the Company seeking reimbursement pursuant to any compensation recoupment or clawback policy adopted by the Board of Directors or the compensation committee of the Board of Directors, except as provided in Sections 5, 6, and 7 below.
 
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4.    Action or Proceedings Other than an Action by or in the Right of the Company. Except as limited by Section 3 above, the Indemnitee shall be entitled to the indemnification rights provided in this Section if the Indemnitee was or is a party or is threatened to be made a party to, or was or is otherwise involved in, any Proceeding (other than an action by or in the right of the Company) by reason of the fact that the Indemnitee is or was a director, officer, employee, agent, or trustee of the Company or while a director, officer, employee, agent, or trustee of the Company is or was serving at the request of the Company as a director, officer, employee, agent, or trustee of another corporation or of a partnership, joint venture, trust, or other enterprise, including service with respect to an employee benefit plan, or by reason of anything done or not done by the Indemnitee in any such capacity. Pursuant to this Section, the Indemnitee shall be indemnified against all expense, liability, and loss (including judgments, fines, ERISA excise taxes, penalties, amounts paid in settlement by or on behalf of the Indemnitee, and Expenses) actually and reasonably incurred by the Indemnitee in connection with such Proceeding, if the Indemnitee acted in good faith and in a manner the Indemnitee reasonably believed to be in or not opposed to the best interests of the Company, and with respect to any criminal Proceeding, had no reasonable cause to believe his or her conduct was unlawful.
5.    Indemnity in Proceedings by or in the Right of the Company. Except as limited by Section 3 above, the Indemnitee shall be entitled to the indemnification rights provided in this Section if the Indemnitee was or is a party or is threatened to be made a party to, or was or is otherwise involved in, any Proceeding brought by or in the right of the Company to procure a judgment in its favor by reason of the fact that the Indemnitee is or was a director, officer, employee, agent, or trustee of the Company or while a director, officer, employee, agent, or trustee of the Company is or was serving at the request of the Company as a director, officer, employee, agent, or trustee of another corporation or of a partnership, joint venture, trust, or other enterprise, including service with respect to an employee benefit plan, or by reason of anything done or not done by the Indemnitee in any such capacity. Pursuant to this Section, the Indemnitee shall be indemnified against all Expenses actually and reasonably incurred by the Indemnitee in connection with such Proceeding if the Indemnitee acted in good faith and in a manner the Indemnitee reasonably believed to be in or not opposed to the best interests of the Company; provided, however, that no such indemnification shall be made in respect of any claim, issue, or matter as to which the DGCL expressly prohibits such indemnification by reason of any adjudication of liability of the Indemnitee to the Company, unless and only to the extent that the Court of Chancery of the State of Delaware or the court in which such Proceeding was brought shall determine upon application that, despite the adjudication of liability but in view of all the circumstances of the case, the Indemnitee is entitled to indemnification for such expense, liability, and loss as such court shall deem proper.
6.    Indemnification for Costs, Charges, and Expenses of Successful Party. Notwithstanding any limitations of Sections 3(c), 3(d), 4, and 5 above, to the extent that the Indemnitee has been successful, on the merits or otherwise, in whole or in part, in defense of any Proceeding, or in defense of any claim, issue, or matter therein, including, without limitation, the dismissal of any action without prejudice, or if it is ultimately determined, by final judicial decision of a court of competent jurisdiction from which there is no further right to appeal, that the Indemnitee is otherwise entitled to be indemnified against Expenses, the Indemnitee shall be indemnified against all Expenses actually and reasonably incurred by the Indemnitee in connection therewith.
 
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7.    Partial Indemnification. If the Indemnitee is entitled under any provision of this Agreement to indemnification by the Company for some or a portion of the expense, liability, and loss (including judgments, fines, ERISA excise taxes, penalties, amounts paid in settlement by or on behalf of the Indemnitee, and Expenses) actually and reasonably incurred in connection with any Proceeding, or in connection with any judicial proceeding or arbitration pursuant to Section 11 to enforce rights under this Agreement, but not, however, for all of the total amount thereof, the Company shall nevertheless indemnify the Indemnitee for the portion of such expense, liability, and loss actually and reasonably incurred to which the Indemnitee is entitled.
8.    Indemnification for Expenses of a Witness. Notwithstanding any other provision of this Agreement, to the maximum extent permitted by the DGCL, the Indemnitee shall be entitled to indemnification against all Expenses actually and reasonably incurred by the Indemnitee or on the Indemnitee’s behalf if the Indemnitee appears as a witness or otherwise incurs legal expenses as a result of or related to the Indemnitee’s service as a director or officer of the Company, in any threatened, pending, or completed action, suit, arbitration, alternative dispute resolution mechanism, investigation, inquiry, judicial, administrative, or legislative hearing, or any other threatened, pending, or completed proceeding, whether of a civil, criminal, administrative, legislative, investigative, or other nature, to which the Indemnitee neither is, nor is threatened to be made, a party.
9.    Determination of Entitlement to Indemnification. To receive indemnification under this Agreement, the Indemnitee shall submit a written request to the Secretary of the Company. Such request shall include a schedule setting forth in detail the dollar amounts requested, supported by copies of the bill, agreement or other documentation relating thereto (which may be redacted as necessary to avoid the waiver of any privilege accorded by applicable law), and such other documentation or information that is necessary for such determination and is reasonably available to the Indemnitee. Upon receipt by the Secretary of the Company of a written request by the Indemnitee for indemnification, the entitlement of the Indemnitee to indemnification, to the extent not required pursuant to the terms of Section 6 or Section 8 of this Agreement, shall be determined by the following person or persons who shall be empowered to make such determination (as selected by the Board of Directors, except with respect to Section 9(e) below): (a) the Board of Directors of the Company by a majority vote of Disinterested Directors, whether or not such majority constitutes a quorum; (b) a committee of Disinterested Directors designated by a majority vote of such directors, whether or not such majority constitutes a quorum; (c) if there are no Disinterested Directors, or if the Disinterested Directors so direct, by Independent Counsel in a written opinion to the Board of Directors, a copy of which shall be delivered to the Indemnitee; (d) the stockholders of the Company; or (e) in the event that a Change in Control has occurred, by Independent Counsel in a written opinion to the Board of Directors, a copy of which shall be delivered to the Indemnitee. Such Independent Counsel shall be selected by the Board of Directors and approved by the Indemnitee, except that in the event that a Change in Control has occurred, Independent Counsel shall be selected by the Indemnitee. Upon failure of the Board of Directors so to select such Independent Counsel or upon failure of the Indemnitee so to approve (or so to select, in the event a Change in Control has occurred), such Independent Counsel shall be selected upon application to a court of competent jurisdiction. The determination of entitlement to indemnification shall be made and, unless a contrary determination is made, such indemnification shall be paid in full by the Company not later than 60 calendar days after receipt by the Secretary of the Company of a written request for indemnification. If the person making such determination shall determine that the Indemnitee is entitled to indemnification as to part (but not all) of the application for indemnification, such person shall reasonably prorate such partial indemnification among the claims, issues, or matters at issue at the time of the determination.
 
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10.    Presumptions and Effect of Certain Proceedings. The Secretary of the Company shall, promptly upon receipt of the Indemnitee’s written request for indemnification, advise in writing the Board of Directors or such other person or persons empowered to make the determination as provided in Section 9 that the Indemnitee has made such request for indemnification. Upon making such request for indemnification, the Indemnitee shall be presumed to be entitled to indemnification hereunder and the Company shall have the burden of proof in making any determination contrary to such presumption. If the person or persons so empowered to make such determination shall have failed to make the requested determination with respect to indemnification within 60 calendar days after receipt by the Secretary of the Company of such request, a requisite determination of entitlement to indemnification shall be deemed to have been made and the Indemnitee shall be absolutely entitled to such indemnification, absent actual fraud in the request for indemnification. The termination of any Proceeding described in Sections 4 or 5 by judgment, order, settlement, or conviction, or upon a plea of nolo contendere or its equivalent, shall not, of itself (a) create a presumption that the Indemnitee did not act in good faith and in a manner the Indemnitee reasonably believed to be in or not opposed to the best interests of the Company, and with respect to any criminal Proceeding, had reasonable cause to believe his or her conduct was unlawful or (b) otherwise adversely affect the rights of the Indemnitee to indemnification except as may be provided herein.
11.    Remedies of the Indemnitee in Cases of Determination Not to Indemnify or to Advance Expenses; Right to Bring Suit. In the event that a determination is made that the Indemnitee is not entitled to indemnification hereunder or if payment is not timely made following a determination of entitlement to indemnification pursuant to Sections 9 and 10, or if an advancement of Expenses is not timely made pursuant to Section 16, the Indemnitee may at any time thereafter bring suit against the Company seeking an adjudication of entitlement to such indemnification or advancement of Expenses, and any such suit shall be brought in the Court of Chancery of the State of Delaware. Alternatively, the Indemnitee at the Indemnitee’s option may seek an award in an arbitration to be conducted by a single arbitrator in the State of Delaware pursuant to the rules of the American Arbitration Association, such award to be made within 60 calendar days following the filing of the demand for arbitration. The Company shall not oppose the Indemnitee’s right to seek any such adjudication or award in arbitration. In any suit or arbitration brought by the Indemnitee to enforce a right to indemnification hereunder (but not in a suit or arbitration brought by the Indemnitee to enforce a right to an advancement of Expenses), it shall be a defense that the Indemnitee has not met any applicable standard of conduct for indemnification set forth in the DGCL, including the standard described in Section 4 or 5, as applicable. Further, in any suit brought by the Company to recover an advancement of Expenses pursuant to the terms of an undertaking, the Company shall be entitled to recover such
 
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Expenses upon a final judicial decision of a court of competent jurisdiction from which there is no further right to appeal that the Indemnitee has not met the standard of conduct described above. Neither the failure of the Company (including the Disinterested Directors, a committee of Disinterested Directors, Independent Counsel, or its stockholders) to have made a determination prior to the commencement of such suit or arbitration that indemnification of the Indemnitee is proper in the circumstances because the Indemnitee has met the standard of conduct described above, nor an actual determination by the Company (including the Disinterested Directors, a committee of Disinterested Directors, Independent Counsel, or its stockholders) that the Indemnitee has not met the standard of conduct described above shall create a presumption that the Indemnitee has not met the standard of conduct described above, or, in the case of such a suit brought by the Indemnitee, be a defense to such suit. In any suit brought by the Indemnitee to enforce a right to indemnification or to an advancement of Expenses hereunder, or brought by the Company to recover an advancement of Expenses pursuant to the terms of an undertaking, the burden of proving that the Indemnitee is not entitled to be indemnified, or to such advancement of expenses, under this Section 11 or otherwise shall be on the Company. If a determination is made or deemed to have been made pursuant to the terms of Section 9 or 10 that the Indemnitee is entitled to indemnification, the Company shall be bound by such determination and is precluded from asserting that such determination has not been made or that the procedure by which such determination was made is not valid, binding, and enforceable. The Company further agrees to stipulate in any court or before any arbitrator pursuant to this Section 11 that the Company is bound by all the provisions of this Agreement and is precluded from making any assertions to the contrary. If the court or arbitrator shall determine that the Indemnitee is entitled to any indemnification or advancement of Expenses hereunder, the Company shall pay all Expenses actually and reasonably incurred by the Indemnitee in connection with such adjudication or award in arbitration (including, but not limited to, any appellate proceedings) to the fullest extent permitted by law, and in any suit brought by the Company to recover an advancement of Expenses pursuant to the terms of an undertaking, the Company shall pay all Expenses actually and reasonably incurred by the Indemnitee in connection with such suit to the extent the Indemnitee has been successful, on the merits or otherwise, in whole or in part, in defense of such suit, to the fullest extent permitted by law.
12.    Non-Exclusivity of Rights. The rights to indemnification and to the advancement of Expenses provided by this Agreement shall not be deemed exclusive of any other right that the Indemnitee may now or hereafter acquire under any applicable law, agreement, vote of stockholders or Disinterested Directors, provisions of a charter or bylaws (including the Certificate of Incorporation or Bylaws of the Company), or otherwise.
13.    Expenses to Enforce Agreement. In the event that the Indemnitee is subject to or intervenes in any action, suit, or proceeding in which the validity or enforceability of this Agreement is at issue or seeks an adjudication or award in arbitration to enforce the Indemnitee’s rights under, or to recover damages for breach of, this Agreement, the Indemnitee, if the Indemnitee prevails in whole or in part in such action, suit, or proceeding, shall be entitled to recover from the Company and shall be indemnified by the Company against any Expenses actually and reasonably incurred by the Indemnitee in connection therewith.
 
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14.    Continuation of Indemnity. All agreements and obligations of the Company contained herein shall continue during the period the Indemnitee is a director, officer, employee, agent, or trustee of the Company or while a director, officer, employee, agent, or trustee is serving at the request of the Company as a director, officer, employee, agent, or trustee of another corporation or of a partnership, joint venture, trust, or other enterprise, including service with respect to an employee benefit plan, and shall continue thereafter with respect to any possible claims based on the fact that the Indemnitee was a director, officer, employee, agent, or trustee of the Company or was serving at the request of the Company as a director, officer, employee, agent, or trustee of another corporation or of a partnership, joint venture, trust, or other enterprise, including service with respect to an employee benefit plan. This Agreement shall be binding upon all successors and assigns of the Company (including any transferee of all or substantially all of its assets and any successor by merger or operation of law) and shall inure to the benefit of the Indemnitee’s heirs, executors, and administrators.
15.    Notification and Defense of Proceeding. Promptly after receipt by the Indemnitee of notice of any Proceeding, the Indemnitee shall, if a request for indemnification or an advancement of Expenses in respect thereof is to be made against the Company under this Agreement, notify the Company in writing of the commencement thereof; but the omission so to notify the Company shall not relieve it from any liability that it may have to the Indemnitee. Notwithstanding any other provision of this Agreement, with respect to any such Proceeding of which the Indemnitee notifies the Company:
(a)    The Company shall be entitled to participate therein at its own expense;
(b)    Except as otherwise provided in this Section 15(b), to the extent that it may wish, the Company, jointly with any other indemnifying party similarly notified, shall be entitled to assume the defense thereof, with counsel reasonably satisfactory to the Indemnitee. After notice from the Company to the Indemnitee of its election so to assume the defense thereof, the Company shall not be liable to the Indemnitee under this Agreement for any expenses of counsel subsequently incurred by the Indemnitee in connection with the defense thereof except as otherwise provided below. The Indemnitee shall have the right to employ the Indemnitee’s own counsel in such Proceeding, but the fees and expenses of such counsel incurred after notice from the Company of its assumption of the defense thereof shall be at the expense of the Indemnitee unless (i) the employment of counsel by the Indemnitee has been authorized by the Company, (ii) the Indemnitee shall have reasonably concluded, based upon an opinion of counsel chosen by the Indemnitee and approved by the Company, which approval shall not be unreasonably withheld, that there may be a conflict of interest between the Company and the Indemnitee in the conduct of the defense of such Proceeding, (iii) under the applicable standards of professional conduct then prevailing, the counsel selected by the Company would have a conflict of interest in representing the Indemnitee, or (iv) the Company shall not within 60 calendar days of receipt of notice from the Indemnitee in fact have employed counsel to assume the defense of the Proceeding, in each of which cases the fees and expenses of the Indemnitee’s counsel shall be at the expense of the Company. The Company shall not be entitled to assume the defense of any Proceeding brought by or on behalf of the Company or as to which there is a conflict of interest as described in (ii) or (iii) above; and
(c)    Notwithstanding any other provision of this Agreement, the Company shall not be liable to indemnify the Indemnitee under this Agreement for any amounts paid in settlement of any Proceeding effected without the Company’s written consent, or for any judicial or other award, if the Company was not given an opportunity, in accordance with this Section 15, to participate in the defense of such Proceeding. The Company shall not settle any Proceeding in any manner that would impose any penalty or limitation on or disclosure obligation with respect to the Indemnitee, or that would directly or indirectly constitute or impose any admission or acknowledgment of fault or culpability with respect to the Indemnitee, without the Indemnitee’s written consent. Neither the Company nor the Indemnitee shall unreasonably withhold its consent to any proposed settlement.
 
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16.    Advancement of Expenses. All Expenses incurred by the Indemnitee in defending any Proceeding described in Section 4 or 5 shall be paid by the Company in advance of the final disposition of such Proceeding at the request of the Indemnitee. The Indemnitee’s right to advancement shall not be subject to the satisfaction of any standard of conduct and advances shall be made without regard to the Indemnitee’s ultimate entitlement to indemnification under the provisions of this Agreement or otherwise. To receive an advancement of Expenses under this Agreement, the Indemnitee shall submit a written request to the Secretary of the Company. Such request shall include a schedule with supporting documentation relating thereto, setting forth in detail the Expenses incurred by the Indemnitee (which may be redacted as necessary to avoid the waiver of any privilege accorded by applicable law), and shall include or be accompanied by an undertaking, by or on behalf of the Indemnitee, to repay all amounts so advanced if it shall ultimately be determined, by final judicial decision of a court of competent jurisdiction from which there is no further right to appeal, that the Indemnitee is not entitled to be indemnified for such Expenses by the Company as provided by this Agreement or otherwise. The Indemnitee agrees to repay all such amounts promptly following any such final judicial decision. The Indemnitee’s undertaking to repay any such amounts is not required to be secured. Each such advancement of Expenses shall be made within 20 calendar days after the receipt by the Secretary of the Company of such written request. The Indemnitee’s entitlement to Expenses under this Agreement shall include those incurred in connection with any action, suit, or proceeding by the Indemnitee seeking an adjudication or award in arbitration pursuant to Section 11 of this Agreement (including the enforcement of this provision) to the extent the court or arbitrator shall determine that the Indemnitee is entitled to an advancement of Expenses hereunder.
17.    Severability. If any provision or provisions of this Agreement shall be held to be invalid, illegal, or unenforceable as applied to any person or entity or circumstance for any reason whatsoever, then, to the fullest extent permitted by law (a) the validity, legality, and enforceability of such provision in any other circumstance and of the remaining provisions of this Agreement (including, without limitation, all portions of any paragraphs of this Agreement containing any such provision held to be invalid, illegal, or unenforceable, that are not by themselves invalid, illegal, or unenforceable) and the application of such provision to other persons or entities or circumstances shall not in any way be affected or impaired thereby, and (b) to the fullest extent possible, the provisions of this Agreement (including, without limitation, all portions of any paragraph of this Agreement containing any such provision held to be invalid, illegal, or unenforceable, that are not themselves invalid, illegal, or unenforceable) shall be construed so as to give effect to the intent of the parties that the Company provide protection to the Indemnitee to the fullest extent set forth in this Agreement.
 
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18.    Headings; References; Pronouns. The headings of the sections of this Agreement are inserted for convenience only and shall not be deemed to constitute part of this Agreement or to affect the construction thereof. References herein to section numbers are to sections of this Agreement. All pronouns and any variations thereof shall be deemed to refer to the singular or plural as appropriate.
19.    Other Provisions.
(a)    This Agreement and all disputes or controversies arising out of or related to this Agreement shall be governed by, and construed in accordance with, the internal laws of the State of Delaware, without regard to the laws of any other jurisdiction that might be applied because of conflicts of laws principles of the State of Delaware.
(b)    This Agreement may be executed in two or more counterparts, all of which shall be considered one and the same instrument and shall become effective when one or more counterparts have been signed by each of the parties and delivered to the other party.
(c)    This Agreement shall not be deemed an employment contract between the Company and any Indemnitee who is an officer of the Company, and, if the Indemnitee is an officer of the Company, the Indemnitee specifically acknowledges that the Indemnitee may be discharged at any time for any reason, with or without cause, and with or without severance compensation, except as may be otherwise provided in a separate written contract between the Indemnitee and the Company.
(d)    In the event of payment under this Agreement, the Company shall be subrogated to the extent of such payment to all of the rights of recovery of the Indemnitee (excluding insurance obtained on the Indemnitee’s own behalf), and the Indemnitee shall execute all papers required and shall do everything that may be necessary to secure such rights, including the execution of such documents necessary to enable the Company effectively to bring suit to enforce such rights.
(e)    This Agreement may not be amended, modified, or supplemented in any manner, whether by course of conduct or otherwise, except by an instrument in writing specifically designated as an amendment hereto, signed on behalf of each party. No failure or delay of either party in exercising any right or remedy hereunder shall operate as a waiver thereof, and no single or partial exercise of any such right or power, or any abandonment or discontinuance of steps to enforce such right or power, or any course of conduct, shall preclude any other or further exercise thereof or the exercise of any other right or power.
[The remainder of this page is intentionally left blank.]

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IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the Company and the Indemnitee have caused this Agreement to be executed as of the date first written above.

ORGANON & CO.	

By:	 	 	
	 	Name:  	
	 	Title:    	
 	
Indemnitee	

 
SIGNATURE PAGE TO INDEMNIFICATION AGREEMENT

Exhibit 21.1
ORGANON & CO.
LIST OF SUBSIDIARIES
The following entities are expected to be subsidiaries of Organon & Co. upon completion of the distribution described in the information statement. Where ownership of a subsidiary is less than 100% by Organon & Co. or an Organon & Co. subsidiary, such has been noted by designating the percentage of ownership.

Name	  	Country or State
of Incorporation	
Organon Argentina SRL	  	Argentina	
Organon Pharma Pty Ltd	  	Australia	
Organon Austria GmbH	  	Austria	
Organon Belgium BV	  	Belgium	
Schering-Plough Labo NV	  	Belgium	
Organon BH d.o.o.	  	Bosnia	
Organon Farmacêutica Ltda.	  	Brazil	
Organon (I.A.) BV Bulgaria Branch	  	Bulgaria	
Organon Canada Inc.	  	Canada	
Organon Chile SpA	  	Chile	
Organon (Shanghai) Pharmaceutical Technology Co., Ltd.	  	China	
Organon (Shanghai) Pharmaceutical Technology Co., Ltd. Beijing Branch	  	China	
Organon (Shanghai) Pharmaceutical Technology Co., Ltd. Guangzhou Branch	  	China	
Organon (Shanghai) Pharmaceutical Technology Co., Ltd. Hangzhou Branch	  	China	
Organon (Shanghai) Pharmaceutical Trading Co. Limited	  	China	
Organon Colombia S.A.S.	  	Colombia	
Organon Pharma Costa Rica S de R.L.	  	Costa Rica	
Organon Pharma d.o.o.	  	Croatia	
Organon Pharma BV Cyprus Branch	  	Cyprus	
Organon Czech Republic s.r.o	  	Czech Republic	
Organon Denmark ApS	  	Denmark	
Organon-Ecuador S.A.	  	Ecuador	
Organon Pharmaceuticals Egypt LLC	  	Egypt	
Organon Pharma BV Estonia rep office	  	Estonia	
Organon Finland Oy	  	Finland	
Organon France SAS	  	France	
Organon Healthcare GmbH	  	Germany	
Organon Hong Kong Ltd	  	Hong Kong	
Organon Hungary Korlatolt Felelossegu Tarsasag	  	Hungary	
Fulford (India) Limited	  	India	
Organon (India) Private Limited	  	India	
PT Organon Pharma Indonesia Tbk	  	Indonesia	
Organon (Ireland) Ltd	  	Ireland	

			
Organon (Pharma) Ireland Ltd.	  	Ireland	
Organon Pharma Israel Ltd.	  	Israel	
Organon Italy Srl	  	Italy	
Organon Japan Holdings G.K.	  	Japan	
Organon K.K.	  	Japan	
Organon Central East GmbH (Jordan Rep Office)	  	Jordan	
Organon Central East GmbH Kazakhstan rep office	  	Kazakhstan	
Organon Pharma BV Latvia rep office	  	Latvia	
Organon Central East GmbH (Lebanon Rep Office)	  	Lebanon	
Organon Pharma BV Lithuania rep office	  	Lithuania	
Organon Belgium BV Luxembourg Branch	  	Luxembourg	
Organon Malaysia Sdn. Bhd.	  	Malaysia	
Organon Comercializadora, S. de R.L. de C.V.	  	Mexico	
Schering-Plough S.A. de C.V.	  	Mexico	
Servicios Organon S. de R.L. de C.V.	  	Mexico	
Productos Farmaceuticos Organon S. de R.L. de C.V.	  	Mexico	
Undra S.A. de C.V.	  	Mexico	
Organon Maroc S.A.R.L.	  	Morocco	
GTS FI BV	  	Netherlands	
N.V. Organon	  	Netherlands	
OBS Human Health Holding BV	  	Netherlands	
OBS International 9 BV	  	Netherlands	
OBS Mexico Holdings B.V.	  	Netherlands	
Organon (I.A.) BV	  	Netherlands	
Organon Argentina Holdings BV	  	Netherlands	
Organon Asia Holdings BV	  	Netherlands	
Organon Canada Holdings BV	  	Netherlands	
Organon Foreign Debt Co-Issuer BV	  	Netherlands	
Organon Holding I BV	  	Netherlands	
Organon Holdings 9 BV	  	Netherlands	
Organon International Holdings 9 BV	  	Netherlands	
Organon International Holdings BV	  	Netherlands	
Organon Ireland Holdings BV	  	Netherlands	
Organon Japan Holdings BV	  	Netherlands	
Organon Participations BV	  	Netherlands	
Organon Pharma BV	  	Netherlands	
Organon New Zealand Limited	  	New Zealand	
Organon Central East GmbH Macedonia Rep Office	  	North Macedonia	
Organon Norway A/S	  	Norway	
Organon Latin America Services S. de R.L.	  	Panama	
Organon Pharma S. de R.L.	  	Panama	

			
Organon BioSciences Peru S.R.L.	  	Peru	
Organon (Philippines) Inc.	  	Philippines	
Organon Polska Sp. z.o.o.	  	Poland	
Organon Portugal, Sociedade Unipessoal Lda.	  	Portugal	
Organon Puerto Rico LLC	  	Puerto Rico	
Organon Biosciences S.R.L.	  	Romania	
Organon LLC	  	Russia	
Organon d.o.o. Belgrade	  	Serbia	
Organon Asia Pacific Services Pte. Ltd.	  	Singapore	
Organon Singapore Pte. Ltd.	  	Singapore	
Organon Slovakia s.r.o.	  	Slovakia	
Organon Pharma BV., Oss, Ljubljana Branch	  	Slovenia	
Organon South Africa Pty Ltd.	  	South Africa	
Organon Korea Chusik Hoesa	  	South Korea	
Organon Salud Srl.	  	Spain	
Organon Sweden AB	  	Sweden	
Organon Central East GmbH	  	Switzerland	
Organon GmbH	  	Switzerland	
Organon International GmbH	  	Switzerland	
Organon International Services GmbH	  	Switzerland	
Organon KSA GmbH	  	Switzerland	
Organon (I.A.) B.V., Taiwan Branch	  	Taiwan	
Organon (Thailand) Ltd.	  	Thailand	
Organon Turkey Ilaclari Limited Sirketi	  	Turkey	
Organon Ukraine LLC	  	Ukraine	
Organon Pharma FZ-LLC	  	United Arab Emirates	
Dashtag	  	United Kingdom	
Organon Pharma (UK) Limited	  	United Kingdom	
Organon Canada Holdings LLC	  	USA	
Organon Global Inc.	  	USA	
Organon LLC	  	USA	
Organon Pharma Holdings LLC	  	USA	
Organon Trade LLC	  	USA	
Organon USA LLC	  	New Jersey	
Representative Office of Organon Central East GmbH in Hanoi	  	Vietnam	
Representative Office of Organon Central East GmbH in Ho Chi Minh City	  	Vietnam	

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Exhibit 99.1
                    , 2021
Dear Merck Shareholder:
On                     , 2021, the board of directors of Merck & Co., Inc. approved the spin-off of its women’s health, biosimilars and established brands businesses into a new, publicly traded company, Organon & Co. After the spin-off, Merck will continue to aspire to be the premier research-intensive global biopharmaceutical company focused on bringing to market innovations for unmet medical need as the source of long-term value creation for patients and shareholders.
Merck is taking advantage of its position of strength to reshape its portfolio, streamline its business, further increase its focus on innovation and drive even higher sustained growth and profitability. We believe Merck will benefit from an even more intense focus on high-science and innovation as the source of long-term value creation. The spin-off of Organon will also enable Merck to evolve its operating model and achieve operating efficiencies.
As a result of the spin-off, each Merck shareholder will receive            of a share of Organon common stock for every Merck share of common stock held on                     , 2021, the record date for the distribution. You do not need to take any action to receive the common stock of Organon to which you are entitled as a Merck shareholder. The distribution will not affect the number of outstanding shares of Merck common stock or any of your rights as a Merck shareholder.
Please read the attached information statement, which is being provided to all Merck shareholders who hold common stock on                    , 2021. It describes the separation in detail and contains important information about Organon and the upcoming stock transaction.
Sincerely,
Kenneth C. Frazier
Chairman of the Board and Chief Executive Officer
Merck & Co., Inc.

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                    , 2021
Dear Future Organon Shareholder:
I’m pleased to welcome you as a future shareholder of Organon & Co., which will be an independent company after its spin off in 2021 from Merck.
Organon will be founded with our long-term vision in mind: to create a better and healthier every day for every woman around the world. We plan to build on our foundational strengths in reproductive health and assemble an array of health solutions to serve women across their lives. Through our journey, we aim to achieve a differentiated leadership position by delivering what society needs—improving the health of women.
Organon will be a global pharmaceutical company with a portfolio of more than 60 trusted medicines. Our portfolio is comprised of our growing contraception and fertility business including patent-protected Nexplanon (etonogestrel implant), an expanding biosimilars business and is led by a stable franchise of trusted established medicines. Organon’s portfolio of products generate strong cash flows that will support investments in future growth opportunities in women’s health. We will pursue opportunities to partner with innovators looking to commercialize their products by leveraging our scale around the world, with presence in more than 140 markets. Organon will focus on revenue growth using an efficient operating model to improve margins and generate strong cash flow to fund our long-term vision.
Organon will be a new company, but one born out of Merck with its incredible legacy and commitment to integrity and excellence. We are positioned to make a real difference, both in terms of unleashing the full potential of our current portfolio as well as advancing other important health solutions to improve the health of women.
I encourage you to learn more about Organon by reading the attached information statement. We have applied to be listed on the New York Stock Exchange under the symbol “OGN.”
This is a unique opportunity and the time is right to establish a company like Organon. I, on behalf of all our people around the world, am looking forward to building a strong company that benefits you and our other stakeholders.
Sincerely,
Kevin Ali
Chief Executive Officer
Organon & Co.

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Information contained herein is subject to completion or amendment. A Registration Statement on Form 10 relating to these securities has been filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended.
 
PRELIMINARY AND SUBJECT TO COMPLETION, DATED                 , 2021
INFORMATION STATEMENT
Organon & Co.

This information statement is being furnished in connection with the distribution by Merck to its shareholders of all of the outstanding shares of common stock of Organon & Co., a wholly owned subsidiary of Merck that will hold directly or indirectly the assets and liabilities associated with Merck’s women’s health, biosimilars and established brands businesses. To implement the distribution, Merck will distribute all of the shares of Organon common stock on a pro rata basis to the Merck shareholders in a manner that is intended to be tax-free for U.S. federal income tax purposes.
For each share of Merck common stock held by you as of the close of business on                     , 2021, the record date for the distribution, you will receive             of a share of Organon common stock. You will receive cash in lieu of any fractional shares of Organon common stock that you would have received after application of the above ratio. As discussed under “The Separation and Distribution—Trading Between the Record Date and Distribution Date,” if you sell your shares of Merck common stock in the “regular-way” market after the record date and before the distribution, you also will be selling your right to receive shares of Organon common stock in connection with the separation. Shares of Organon common stock are expected to be distributed by Merck to you on                     , 2021. The date of distribution of the Organon common stock is referred to in this information statement as the “distribution date.”
No vote of Merck shareholders is required for the distribution. Therefore, you are not being asked for a proxy, and you are requested not to send Merck a proxy, in connection with the distribution. You do not need to pay any consideration, exchange or surrender your existing shares of Merck common stock or take any other action to receive the shares of Organon common stock to which you are entitled as a Merck shareholder.
There is no current trading market for Organon common stock, although Organon expects that a limited market, commonly known as a “when-issued” trading market, will develop on or shortly before the record date for the distribution, and that “regular-way” trading of Organon common stock will begin on the first trading day following the completion of the distribution. Organon intends to apply to have its common stock authorized for listing on the New York Stock Exchange (“NYSE”) under the symbol “OGN.”

In reviewing this information statement, you should carefully consider the matters described under the caption “Risk Factors” beginning on page 22.
Neither the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission nor any state securities commission has approved or disapproved these securities or determined if this information statement is truthful or complete. Any representation to the contrary is a criminal offense.
This information statement does not constitute an offer to sell or the solicitation of an offer to buy any securities.
The date of this information statement is                    , 2021.
A Notice of Internet Availability of Information Statement Materials containing instructions for how to access this information statement was first mailed to Merck’s shareholders on or about                    , 2021. This information statement will be mailed to Merck’s shareholders who previously elected to receive a paper copy of Merck’s materials.

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Presentation of Information

Questions and Answers about the Separation and Distribution	  	 	1	 	
		
Information Statement Summary	  	 	7	 	
		
Risk Factors	  	 	22	 	
		
Cautionary Statement Concerning Forward-Looking Statements	  	 	41	 	
		
Dividend Policy	  	 	43	 	
		
Capitalization	  	 	43	 	
		
Unaudited Pro Forma Financial Information	  	 	44	 	
		
Selected Historical Financial Data	  	 	52	 	
		
Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	  	 	54	 	
		
Business	  	 	75	 	
		
Management	  	 	114	 	
		
Executive Compensation	  	 	124	 	
		
Certain Relationships and Related Party Transactions	  	 	129	 	
		
Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management	  	 	137	 	
		
The Separation and Distribution	  	 	138	 	
		
Material U.S. Federal Income Tax Consequences	  	 	142	 	
		
Description of Certain Indebtedness	  	 	146	 	
		
Description of Capital Stock	  	 	148	 	
		
Where You Can Find More Information	  	 	152	 	
		
Index to Financial Statements	  	 	F-1	 	
 
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Except as otherwise indicated or unless the context otherwise requires, the information included in this information statement about Organon assumes the completion of all of the transactions referred to in this information statement in connection with the separation and distribution. Unless the context otherwise requires, references in this information statement to “Organon” and “the company” refer to Organon & Co., a Delaware corporation, and its consolidated subsidiaries as they will exist assuming the completion of all of the transactions referred to in this information statement in connection with the separation and distribution. References to Organon’s historical business and operations refer to the business and operations of Merck’s women’s health, biosimilars and established brands businesses that will be transferred to Organon in connection with the separation and distribution. References in this information statement to “Merck” or “Parent” refer to Merck & Co., Inc., a New Jersey corporation, and its consolidated subsidiaries, giving effect to the distribution, unless the context otherwise requires.
“Distribution” or “distribution” refers to the distribution of all of the shares of Organon common stock owned by Merck to shareholders of Merck as of the record date.
“Separation” or “separation” refers to the separation of the women’s health, biosimilars and established brands businesses from Merck through a distribution of shares of Organon common stock to the Merck shareholders as of the record date.
“Spin-off” or “spin-off” refers to the contribution of property by Merck in one or more transfers to Organon in exchange for Organon stock, cash and the assumption of certain liabilities, together with the distribution.
Trademarks, Trade Names and Service Marks
Organon owns or has rights to use the trademarks, service marks and trade names that it uses in conjunction with the operation of its business. Logos and trademarks referred to in this information statement belong to Organon or are licensed for our use. Solely for convenience, we refer to our trademarks in this information statement without the TM and ® symbols, but such references are not intended to indicate that we will not assert, to the fullest extent under applicable law, our rights to our trademarks. Other service marks, trademarks and trade names referred to in this information statement are the property of their respective owners.
Industry, Ranking and Market Data
This information statement contains various historical and projected information concerning our industry, the markets in which we participate and our positions in these markets. Some of this information is from industry publications and other third-party sources, and other information is from our own analysis of data received from these third-party sources, our own internal data, market research that we commission and our public filings. All of this information involves a variety of assumptions, limitations and methodologies and is inherently subject to uncertainties, and therefore you are cautioned not to give undue weight to it.
 
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Questions and Answers about the Separation and Distribution
 
What is Organon and why is Merck separating Organon’s business and distributing Organon’s common stock?	Organon, which is currently a wholly owned subsidiary of Merck, was formed to hold Merck’s women’s health, biosimilars and established brands businesses. The separation of Organon from Merck and the distribution of Organon common stock are intended to provide you with equity investments in two separate, independent public companies that will be able to focus on each of their respective business strategies. Merck and Organon expect that the separation will result in enhanced long-term performance of each business for the reasons discussed in the sections entitled “The Separation and Distribution—Background” and “The Separation and Distribution—Reasons for the Separation.”	
 
Why am I receiving this document?	Merck is delivering this document to you because you are a holder of shares of Merck common stock. If you are a holder of shares of Merck common stock as of the close of business on                     , 2021, each share of Merck common stock that you held at the close of business on such date will entitle you to receive             of a share of Organon common stock. This document will help you understand how the separation and distribution will affect your investment in Merck and your investment in Organon after the separation.	
 
How will the separation of Organon from Merck work?	To accomplish the separation, Merck will distribute all of the outstanding shares of Organon common stock to Merck shareholders on a pro rata basis.	
 
Why is the separation of Organon structured as a distribution?	Merck believes that a tax-free distribution for U.S. federal income tax purposes of shares of Organon stock to Merck shareholders is an efficient way to separate its women’s health, biosimilars and established brands businesses in a manner that will create long-term value for Merck, Organon and their respective shareholders.	
 
What is the record date for the distribution?	The record date for the distribution will be                     , 2021.	
 
When will the distribution occur?	It is expected that all of the shares of Organon common stock will be distributed by Merck on                     , 2021 to holders of shares of Merck common stock at the close of business on                     , 2021, the record date.	
 
What do shareholders need to do to participate in the distribution?	Shareholders of Merck as of the record date will not be required to take any action to receive Organon common stock in the distribution, but you are urged to read this entire information statement carefully. No shareholder approval of the distribution is required. You are not being asked for a proxy. You do not need to pay any consideration, exchange or surrender your existing shares of Merck common stock or take any other action to receive the shares of Organon common stock to which you are entitled as a Merck shareholder. Please do not send in your Merck stock certificates. The distribution will not affect the number of outstanding shares of Merck common stock or any rights of Merck shareholders, although it will affect the market value of each outstanding share of Merck common stock.	
 
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How will shares of Organon common stock be issued?	You will receive shares of Organon common stock through the same or substantially similar channels that you currently use to hold or trade shares of Merck common stock, whether through a brokerage account or other channel. Receipt of shares of Organon common stock will be documented for you in substantially the same manner that you typically receive shareholder updates, such as monthly broker statements or other plan statements.	
 
 	If you own shares of Merck common stock as of the close of business on the record date, including shares owned in certificated form, Merck, with the assistance of Equiniti Trust Company (Organon’s transfer agent and registrar), the settlement and distribution agent, will electronically distribute shares of Organon common stock to you or to your brokerage firm on your behalf by way of direct registration in book-entry form. Your bank or brokerage firm will credit your account for the shares. For any shares of Merck common stock that are held in your Merck dividend reinvestment account as of the close of business on the record date, you will receive shares of Organon common stock in a new Organon dividend reinvestment program account that will be created for you. Organon will not issue any physical stock certificates to any shareholders, even if requested.	
 
If I am enrolled in the Merck dividend reinvestment program, will I automatically be enrolled in the Organon dividend reinvestment program?	Yes. If you elected to have your Merck cash dividends applied toward the purchase of additional shares of Merck common stock, the shares of Organon common stock you receive in the distribution will be automatically enrolled in the Organon dividend reinvestment program sponsored by Equiniti Trust Company, unless you notify Equiniti Trust Company Services that you do not want to reinvest Organon cash dividends in additional shares of Organon common stock. For contact information for Equiniti Trust Company, see “Description of Capital Stock—Transfer Agent and Registrar.”	
 
How many shares of Organon common stock will I receive in the distribution?	You will receive             of a share of Organon common stock for each share of Merck common stock held as of the close of business on                     , 2021, the record date. Based on approximately             shares of Merck common stock outstanding as of                     , 2021, and assuming a distribution of all of Organon’s common stock and applying the distribution ratio (without accounting for cash to be issued in lieu of fractional shares), Organon expects that a total of approximately             shares of Organon common stock will be distributed to Merck’s shareholders. For additional information on the distribution, see “The Separation and Distribution.”	
 
Will Organon issue fractional shares in the distribution?	No. Organon will not issue fractional shares of its common stock in the distribution. Fractional shares that Merck shareholders would otherwise have been entitled to receive will be aggregated and sold in the public market by the distribution agent. The aggregate net cash proceeds of these sales will be distributed pro rata (based on the fractional share such holder would otherwise be entitled to receive) to those shareholders who would otherwise have been entitled to receive fractional shares. Recipients of cash in lieu of fractional shares will not be entitled to any interest on the amounts of payment made in lieu of fractional shares and may be subject to tax.	
 
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What are the conditions to the distribution?	The distribution is subject to several conditions, including, among others:	
 
 	•	 	the receipt of opinions from Merck’s tax advisors to the effect that the distribution and certain related transactions will qualify as tax-free to Merck and its shareholders under Sections 355 and 368 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Code”);	
 
 	•	 	the making of a distribution of approximately $         billion from Organon to Merck, and the determination by Merck in its sole discretion that following the separation Merck will have no further liability or obligation whatsoever with respect to any of the financing arrangements that Organon will be entering into in connection with the separation;	
 
 	•	 	the receipt of an opinion from an independent appraisal firm to the Merck Board of Directors confirming the solvency of Merck giving effect to the distribution of Organon and confirming the solvency of Organon giving effect to the cash dividend that is in form and substance acceptable to Merck in its sole discretion;	
 
 	•	 	the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) declaring effective Organon’s registration statement on Form 10 of which this information statement forms a part, and the making available of the information statement to all holders of shares of Merck common stock as of the close of business on                     , 2021, the record date;	
 
 	•	 	no order, injunction, or decree issued by any court of competent jurisdiction or other legal restraint or prohibition preventing the consummation of the separation, distribution or any of the related transactions shall be in effect;	
 
 	•	 	the shares of Organon common stock to be distributed shall have been accepted for listing on the NYSE, subject to official notice of distribution; and	
 
 	•	 	no other event or development existing or having occurred that, in the judgment of Merck’s Board of Directors, in its sole discretion, makes it inadvisable to effect the separation, distribution and other related transactions.	
 
 	Merck and Organon cannot assure you that any or all of these conditions will be met. In addition, Merck will have the sole and absolute discretion to determine (and change) the terms of, and whether to proceed with, the distribution and, to the extent it determines to so proceed, to determine the record date and the distribution date and the distribution ratio. Merck does not intend to notify its shareholders of any modifications to the terms of the separation that, in the judgment of its Board of Directors, are not material. For a complete discussion of all of the conditions to the distribution, see “The Separation and Distribution—Conditions to the Distribution.”	
 
What is the expected date of completion of the distribution?	The completion and timing of the distribution are dependent upon a number of conditions. It is expected that the shares of Organon	
 
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 	common stock will be distributed by Merck on                     , 2021 to the holders of shares of Merck common stock at the close of business on the record date. However, we cannot assure you as to the timing of the distribution or that all conditions to the distribution will be met.	
 
Can Merck decide to cancel the distribution of Organon common stock even if all the conditions have been met?	Yes. The distribution is subject to the satisfaction or waiver of certain conditions. See the section entitled “The Separation and Distribution—Conditions to the Distribution.” Until the distribution has occurred, Merck has the right to terminate the distribution, even if all of the conditions are satisfied.	
 
What if I want to sell my Merck common stock or my Organon common stock?	You should consult with your financial advisors, such as your stockbroker, bank or tax advisor.	
 
What is “regular-way” and “ex-dividend” trading of Merck stock?	Beginning on or shortly before the record date and continuing until the time of the distribution, it is expected that there will be two markets in shares of Merck common stock: a “regular-way” market and an “ex-dividend” market. Shares of Merck common stock that trade in the “regular-way” market will trade with an entitlement by the purchaser of such shares to shares of Organon common stock distributed pursuant to the distribution. Shares that trade in the “ex-dividend” market will trade without an entitlement by the purchaser of such shares to shares of Organon common stock distributed pursuant to the distribution.	
 
 	If you decide to sell any shares of Merck common stock before the distribution date, you should make sure your stockbroker, bank or other nominee understands whether you want to sell your shares of Merck common stock with or without your right to receive Organon common stock pursuant to the distribution.	
 
Where will I be able to trade shares of Organon common stock?	Organon intends to apply to list its common stock on the NYSE under the symbol “OGN.” Organon anticipates that trading in shares of its common stock will begin on a “when-issued” basis on or shortly before the record date and will continue until the time of the distribution and that “regular-way” trading in Organon common stock will begin on the first trading day following the completion of the distribution. If trading begins on a “when-issued” basis, you may purchase or sell shares of Organon common stock until the time of the distribution, but your transaction will not settle until after the distribution. Organon cannot predict the trading prices for its common stock before, on or after the distribution date.	
 
What will happen to the listing of shares of Merck common stock?	Shares of Merck common stock will continue to trade on the NYSE after the distribution.	
 
Will the number of shares of Merck common stock that I own change as a result of the distribution?	No. The number of shares of Merck common stock that you own will not change as a result of the distribution.	
 
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Will the distribution affect the market price of my Merck common stock?	Yes. As a result of the distribution, Merck expects the trading price of shares of Merck common stock immediately following the distribution to be different than the “regular-way” trading price of such shares immediately prior to the distribution because the trading price will no longer reflect the value of Organon. The combined trading prices of one share of Merck common stock and one share of Organon common stock after the distribution may be equal to, greater than or less than the trading price of one share of Merck common stock before the distribution.	
 
What are the material U.S. federal income tax consequences of the contribution and the distribution?	Assuming that the spin-off qualifies as a tax-free transaction under Sections 355 and 368 of the Code, Merck shareholders are not expected to recognize any gain or loss for U.S. federal income tax purposes solely as a result of the spin-off, except to the extent of any cash received in lieu of fractional shares. With respect to such cash received in lieu of a fractional share, however, you will recognize gain or loss for U.S. federal income tax purposes. For more information regarding the potential U.S. federal income tax consequences to Merck and to you of the separation and the distribution, see the section entitled “Material U.S. Federal Income Tax Consequences.”	
 
How will I determine my tax basis in the shares of Organon common stock I receive in the distribution?	For U.S. federal income tax purposes, your aggregate basis in the common stock that you hold in Merck and the new Organon common stock received in the distribution (including any fractional share interest in Organon common stock for which cash is received) will equal the aggregate basis in the shares of Merck common stock held by you immediately before the distribution, allocated between your shares of Merck common stock and the Organon common stock (including any fractional share interest in Organon common stock for which cash is received) you receive in the distribution in proportion to the relative fair market value of each on the distribution date.	
 
 	You should consult your tax advisor about the particular consequences of the distribution to you, including the application of the tax basis allocation rules and the application of state, local and foreign tax laws.	
 
What will Organon’s relationship be with Merck following the distribution?	Organon will enter into a separation and distribution agreement with Merck to effect the separation and provide a framework for Organon’s relationship with Merck after the distribution. Organon and Merck will also enter into certain other agreements, including one or more transition services agreements, manufacturing and supply agreements, trademark license agreements, intellectual property license agreements, an employee matters agreement, a tax matters agreement and certain other commercial agreements. These agreements will provide for the separation between Merck and Organon of the assets, employees, liabilities and obligations (including investments, property, employee benefits and tax-related assets and liabilities) of Merck attributable to periods prior to, at and after the distribution. These agreements will also govern the relationship between Merck and Organon subsequent to the	
 
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completion of the distribution. For additional information regarding the separation and distribution agreement and other transaction agreements, see the sections entitled “Risk Factors—Risks Related to the Separation and Distribution” and “Certain Relationships and Related Party Transactions.”
 
Who will manage Organon after the distribution?	Organon benefits from having in place a management team with an extensive background in the women’s health, biosimilars and established brands businesses. Led by Kevin Ali, who will be Organon’s Chief Executive Officer after the distribution, Organon’s management team possesses deep knowledge of, and extensive experience in, its industry. For more information regarding Organon’s management team and leadership structure, see “Management.”	
 
Are there risks associated with owning Organon common stock?	Yes. Ownership of Organon common stock is subject to both general and specific risks related to Organon’s business, the industry in which it operates, its ongoing relationships with Merck and its status as a separate, publicly traded company. Ownership of Organon common stock is also subject to risks related to the separation and distribution. These risks are described in the “Risk Factors” section of this information statement. You are encouraged to read that section carefully.	
 
Does Organon plan to pay dividends?	Prior to completion of the distribution, the Board of Directors of Organon will adopt a policy with respect to the payment of dividends on Organon common stock following the distribution. Organon currently expects that it will initially pay regular cash dividends, however, the declaration and payment of any dividends in the future by Organon will be subject to the sole discretion of its board of directors and will depend upon many factors. See “Dividend Policy.”	
 
Who will be the distribution agent, transfer agent and registrar for the Organon common stock?	The distribution agent, transfer agent and registrar for the Organon common stock will be Equiniti Trust Company. For questions relating to the transfer or mechanics of the stock distribution, you should contact:	
 
 	Equiniti Trust Company	
1110 Centre Pointe Curve
Suite 101
Mendota Heights, MN 55120 USA
800-522-9114
 
How can I contact Merck or Organon with any questions?	Before the distribution, if you have any questions relating to Merck’s business performance, you should contact:	
 
 	Merck Investor Relations	
investor_relations@merck.com
908-740-1468
After the distribution, Organon shareholders who have any questions relating to Organon’s business performance should contact:
 
 	Organon Investor Relations	
investor_relations@organon.com
551-430-6000
 
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Information Statement Summary
The following is a summary of information discussed in this information statement. This summary may not contain all the details concerning the separation or other information that may be important to you. To better understand the separation and distribution and Organon’s business and financial condition, you should carefully review this entire information statement. Except as otherwise indicated or unless the context otherwise requires, the information included in this information statement assumes the completion of all the transactions referred to in this information statement in connection with the separation and distribution. Unless the context otherwise requires, references in this information statement to “Organon,” “the company,” “we,” “us” and “our” refer to Organon & Co. and its consolidated subsidiaries as they will exist assuming the completion of all of the transactions referred to in this information statement in connection with the separation and distribution. References in this information statement to “Merck” refer to Merck & Co., Inc., a New Jersey corporation, and its consolidated subsidiaries, giving effect to the distribution, unless the context otherwise requires.
This information statement describes the businesses to be transferred to Organon by Merck in the separation as if the transferred businesses were Organon’s businesses for all historical periods described. References in this information statement to Organon’s historical assets, liabilities, products, businesses or activities of Organon’s business are generally intended to refer to the historical assets, liabilities, products, businesses or activities of the transferred businesses as the businesses were conducted as part of Merck and its subsidiaries prior to the separation.
Company Overview
Organon is a science-based global pharmaceutical company that develops and delivers innovative health solutions through a portfolio of prescription therapies within women’s health, biosimilars and established brands. No other large global pharmaceutical company has women’s health as its primary therapeutic area of focus. Our women’s health portfolio has historically delivered strong revenues, underpinned by our contraceptives products, which include Nexplanon / Implanon NXT, our patented long-acting reversible contraceptive, with its sales growing at an 11% CAGR between 2010 and 2020. Our biosimilars portfolio has delivered more than $650 million in sales since 2017, and we expect growth will be fueled by planned launches in the United States and Europe. Finally, our established brands portfolio continues to generate strong operating profit across many markets, including the United States, China, Japan, Korea and countries in Europe, despite loss of market exclusivity across a majority of brands. For many of our products, the impacts of loss of patent exclusivity events in the United States and Europe have passed, and, as a result, combined with enhanced management focus, an established supply chain and targeted resourcing, we believe that our portfolio will continue to deliver strong, reliable operating profit at low promotional and development expense requirements. See “Business—Products” for more information on loss of patent exclusivity for our key products.
Our mission is to be the world’s leading women’s health company and deliver a better and healthier every day for every woman. We plan to build on our strengths in reproductive health to assemble an array of health solutions to serve women from adolescence to menopause and beyond. We are focused on generating strong and growing cash flow by selectively investing in development and inorganic opportunities to drive innovation and future growth across our core areas. Our portfolio of diverse and branded products is supported by commercialization and market access, regulatory affairs, manufacturing and clinical development expertise globally. Our global footprint lends scale to our business by enabling management to identify and focus on unique market opportunities across our broad portfolio.
Our women’s health, biosimilars and established brands portfolios, together with the expertise and experience of our employees, enable us to pursue an exciting innovation agenda, carving out a unique position in the health care sector. Our product portfolio is unified by a central focus on patient needs addressed by our

 
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therapies, a commitment to driving organic and inorganic growth, a heritage of successful commercialization and clinical development, and a disciplined approach to cost and operational efficiency. We believe our women’s health portfolio, in combination with our biosimilars and established brands portfolios, will enable us to deliver value to patients and the health care system while creating value for our shareholders. We also believe our geographic scale, long heritage and sustained successes within women’s health will enable us to become the commercialization and distribution partner of choice for smaller women’s health companies. Our global commercial capabilities and market access, established relationships with health care providers, patients and payors and clinical expertise support our long-term strategy to launch therapies and recognize development opportunities within and beyond our existing portfolios.
Our business strategy is focused on advancing our mission to be the world’s leading women’s health company, pursuing growth in biosimilars and maximizing opportunities from our established brands portfolio. In particular:
 
 	•	 	We believe there is significant growth potential in women’s health broadly. In addition to our ten marketed products, we intend to focus our growth efforts in two areas, on needs and conditions that uniquely impact women, generally referred to as the core women’s health market, and on needs and conditions that disproportionately impact women. We estimate that the combined global market for pharmaceuticals in the core women’s health market, which includes therapeutic areas such as contraception and fertility, endometriosis and uterine fibroids, was $33 billion in 2020. We project that the core women’s health market will grow to $40 billion by 2026. In addition, we estimate that the segment of therapeutic areas that disproportionately impact women, such as osteoporosis, lupus, urinary tract infections, migraines and celiac disease, will grow annually at an approximately 10% CAGR from 2020 to 2026, adding a further $21 billion to the core women’s health market size estimates.	
 
 	•	 	Our existing biosimilars portfolio positions us for success in this attractive and fast growing area of health care. We estimate the total size of the global market for biosimilars was approximately $17.3 billion as of September 2020, reflecting 60 biosimilars approved in the European Union (“EU”) and 29 approved in the United States. Industry publications estimate that 54 major biologics, with an aggregate market value of approximately $220 billion, will lose patent protection in the next decade, which has potential to expand the biosimilars global market to over $30 billion in the next decade or so. We do not have biosimilars corresponding to all biologics that will lose patent protection in the next decade. All five biosimilars in our portfolio have launched in certain countries globally, including two biosimilars in the United States. We intend to expand our biosimilars portfolio through commercialization of additional products and expanded marketing of existing products. We believe our size, capabilities and experience position us competitively in this area.	
 
 	•	 	Our established brands portfolio consists of 49 products covering cardiovascular, respiratory, dermatology and non-opioid pain management. A number of our established brands that face generic competition still contribute meaningful profitability. We intend to stimulate the performance of our established brands products through renewed focus and attention on strategic marketing to create a significant source of capital to fuel the company’s growth aspirations. We believe our established brands products will, over time, continue to deliver meaningful revenue and operating profit that can be redirected into organic and inorganic growth opportunities in key product areas and geographies. Our established brands portfolio is supported by our large commercial and manufacturing capabilities, including a global network that enables us to distribute products to patients in more than 140 countries and territories.	

 
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Key Products

Women’s Health	 	Biosimilars	 	Established Brands	

			

	 		 		

			

In 2020, the Organon Products segment recorded revenue of $6.5 billion and generated $2.3 billion of net income. We expect to be well positioned for low to mid-single digit annual revenue growth off of a 2021 base year. We operate on a global scale and our global network enables us to distribute products to patients in more than 140 countries and territories around the world, with approximately 80% of 2020 Organon Products segment revenue, or $5.1 billion, generated outside the United States. Upon the separation, we will have approximately 9,950 employees worldwide, with approximately 4,030 employees focusing on sales, marketing and key commercialization activities and approximately 730 employees focusing on clinical development, safety, and medical affairs and product registration. Additionally, we expect to operate six manufacturing sites globally and have approximately 3,020 manufacturing employees.
Our operations are principally managed on a products basis and include two operating segments, the Organon Products segment and the Merck Retained Products segment. We consider the Organon Products segment to be our only business going forward, and, as such, all discussion and financial information presented in this section relates only to the Organon Products segment.
Upon separation, Merck will retain operations of the Merck Retained Products segment, and we will no longer present financial information related to this segment in our financial statements. See “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.”
Organon is a Delaware corporation incorporated on March 11, 2020. Our corporate offices are located at 30 Hudson Street, 33rd Floor, Jersey City, New Jersey 07302.

 
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Strengths
We have a number of advantages that distinguish us from our competitors and support our strategy:
 
 	•	 	Leading portfolio of health solutions for women. We intend to be the world’s leading women’s health company, with a long history of innovative, first-to-market contraceptive products. We have a broad offering of contraception and fertility brands that we believe have long-term growth potential, and we are one of only two global contraception manufacturers operating in the highly fragmented contraception market. Our portfolio of ten products includes Nexplanon / Implanon NXT, globally one of the highest revenue-generating long-acting reversible contraceptives, or LARC, a class of contraceptives recognized as the most effective method of hormonal contraception available to patients with a lower long-term average cost. Our management team has the development and commercial expertise to drive innovation in therapeutics and drug-device combinations across the women’s health landscape through opportunities related to our existing portfolio and by externally sourcing therapies through in-licensing, acquisition and other business development transactions with innovators seeking to benefit from our global commercial presence in women’s health.	
 
 	•	 	Growing position in biosimilars. We have a growing position in biosimilars. We have strong, global commercialization capabilities, with a portfolio spanning oncology and immunology treatments, two areas primed for significant growth in biosimilars. We plan to continue evaluating opportunities in other potential therapeutic areas, including ophthalmology, diabetes and neuroscience. Our oncology biosimilars have been launched in 20 countries and our immunology biosimilars have been launched in five countries. All five biosimilars in our portfolio have launched in certain countries globally, including two biosimilars in the United States. We expect that our biosimilars business will continue to generate growth in the near term.	
 
 	•	 	Market Leading Established Brands. In established brands, we have a broad and robust portfolio of mature brands generally beyond market exclusivity, including leading brands in cardiovascular, respiratory, dermatology and non-opioid pain management. Our established brands portfolio generates strong operating profit, which we anticipate will continue to fund our future growth. We have proven development, regulatory, manufacturing and commercial capabilities, which we believe will support growth in targeted existing geographies, new geographies, and through new indications and line extensions.	
 
 	•	 	Broad and fit-for-purpose capabilities. We have enterprise capabilities delivered by seasoned leaders in global commercialization and market access, regulatory affairs, manufacturing and clinical development. In particular, our capabilities include:	
 
 	•	 	Global commercialization expertise: Our experienced team will execute targeted investment in, and successful commercialization of, organic growth opportunities across our global portfolio. These efforts will be supported by data-driven, science-based decision-making and execution at scale, enabled by data and analytics and by digital engagement of health care providers and patients.	
 
 	•	 	Development capabilities: We have approximately 730 employees focused on clinical development, safety, medical affairs and product registration. Our employees have deep expertise in these areas that we believe will facilitate generation of robust clinical data capable of enabling rapid global product registration, as well as valuable insights to expand the commercial reach of our portfolio.	
 
 	•	 	Digital and omni-channel marketing capabilities: We market our products using a digital and omni-channel approach, reaching a broad base of market participants, including health care providers, patients and policy makers and payors in a cost-efficient manner. Our health care	

 
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 	provider, patient and payor-focused relationship management is facilitated by an integrated digital ecosystem that coordinates health care provider and patient engagement across many channels, including face-to-face, email, social media, mobile and websites.	
 
 	•	 	Strategic alliances: We have an extensive track record of managing strategic alliances and creating value through global partnerships to guide investment and growth in inorganic pipeline opportunities. For example, our collaboration with Samsung Bioepis Co., Ltd. (“Samsung Bioepis”) allows us to work together with a biopharmaceutical company that complements our capabilities and strengths.	
 
 	•	 	Established manufacturing and supply chain: Beyond our commercial capabilities, we expect to have approximately 440 employees operating in supply chain management, which we believe, together with our manufacturing capabilities, will enable us to maintain a high-quality, reliable global supply chain. See “Business—Manufacturing Capabilities and Global Supply Chain.”	
 
 	•	 	Geographic scale and platform. In 2020, we generated $5.1 billion in sales outside the United States, representing approximately 80% of our total Organon Products segment sales. Our footprint spans the globe with a direct presence in 58 countries and the ability to deliver therapies to patients in more than 140 countries and territories. We plan to initially focus on 14 key markets, which currently generate approximately 75% of our global sales, and we expect our broader geographic reach and manufacturing capabilities to drive long-term growth and expansion opportunities. Specifically, in women’s health and biosimilars, we believe our global footprint will enable us to expand the market for our current products in order to meet the increasing demand for these products. We also believe our geographic scale, long heritage and sustained successes within women’s health will enable us to become the commercialization and distribution partner of choice for smaller women’s health companies. In established brands, where opportunities vary significantly depending on the exact dynamics and characteristics of each country, we believe our geographic scale enables us to capitalize on global opportunities and increase brand share by responding to these dynamics.	
 
 	•	 	Strong financial profile with significant free cash flow generation and improving operating leverage. In 2020, the Organon Products segment generated approximately $2.3 billion in operating cash flow and spent $255 million on capital expenditures. The Organon Products segment also generated Adjusted EBITDA of $3.1 billion on $6.5 billion of sales, representing an EBITDA margin of approximately 47%. We expect that 2021 operating cash flow from the Organon Products Segment will be comparable to, though slightly down from, 2020 before the impact of estimated interest expense. We anticipate we will continue to generate significant cash flow and expect our operating leverage to improve in the future.	
 
 	•	 	Scientific heritage, expertise and culture of excellence inherited from Merck. Merck’s rich, over-125-year scientific heritage is imbued in our strong scientific principles, innovative development strategies and quality-focused culture. Building on our heritage of regulatory and scientific expertise, we expect to have the capabilities to continue to optimize pathways for clinical development and regulatory approvals. We also expect to have the data generation capabilities required to support patient access, formulary placement and reimbursement.	
 
 	•	 	Strong, leading and established brand in the area of women’s health. The Organon brand has a long history in the area of women’s health, both with patients and health care providers, and with employees who initially came to Merck through the acquisition of Organon. Our proud heritage in women’s health began with Organon’s launch of one of the first-ever combined hormonal oral contraceptives, Lyndiol, in 1962. This was followed by an impressive series of innovative firsts, including:	
 
 	•	 	the launch of Marvelon in 1981, the first lower dose (30mcg) estrogen combined oral contraceptive with a selective progestin,	
 
 	•	 	the launch of Livial in 1987, the first non-estrogen gonadomimetic hormonal replacement treatment,	

 
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 	•	 	the launch of Follistim / Puregon (“Follistim”), the first recombinant follicle-stimulating hormone available in the United States for infertility,	
 
 	•	 	the launch of NuvaRing in 2001, the first once-a-month contraceptive ring, and	
 
 	•	 	the launch of Nexplanon / Implanon NXT in 2011, the first and only single-rod radiopaque contraceptive implant with preloaded applicator.	
 
 	•	 	Experienced management team and Board with track record of successful performance. Our executive management team has a strong track record of leadership, performance and execution in the pharmaceutical industry. Together, they bring a diverse set of leadership experience at respected companies both within and beyond the biopharmaceutical industry. Our CEO and a majority of our executive leadership team have been appointed from within Merck where they each established reputations as global leaders. Our management team is supported by a seasoned Board of Directors providing guidance and strategic vision based on a diverse set of backgrounds and experiences. The extensive company and industry experience of our management team as well as our Board of Directors will serve as a source of strength and innovation to guide us into the future.	
Strategies
Our strategy is to be the world’s leading women’s health company by leveraging our historical strength in this area and investing in therapies and innovations that support the medical needs of women, to pursue growth in biosimilars and to maximize opportunities from our established brands, all while reinvesting our strong operating cash flow to fund growth initiatives across our portfolio. We believe our portfolio will benefit from the increased investment and attention we can provide as an independent company. Our focus will be to:
 
 	•	 	Leverage our existing position in women’s health to become the global leader in this space. No other large global pharmaceutical company has women’s health as its primary therapeutic area of focus. We intend to be the world’s leading women’s health company to address the needs and conditions that uniquely and disproportionately impact women. We plan to achieve this by leveraging our scale, deep experience, geographic reach, strong relationships with payors, health care providers, large clinics and important stakeholder groups such as societies, patients and scientific leaders to grow revenue for our contraception and fertility brands and expand into additional women’s health therapeutic areas, and through strategic acquisitions and collaborations. In 2020, approximately one quarter of our revenue was derived from women’s health products and, over time, we expect to grow this share by:	
 
 	•	 	expanding the marketing and distribution of our key brands, including Nexplanon / Implanon NXT, Follistim and Elonva,	
 
 	•	 	investing in manufacturing to expand the supply capacity for Nexplanon / Implanon NXT and our fertility product portfolio,	
 
 	•	 	focusing our contraception commercial strategy on expanding global access to Nexplanon / Implanon NXT and increasing communication and education about LARC, which we believe will expand the market opportunity for Nexplanon / Implanon NXT,	
 
 	•	 	focusing our fertility commercial strategy on increasing communication and education about antagonist protocols, which we believe will expand the market opportunity for both Follistim and Elonva,	
 
 	•	 	applying our long history of women’s health scientific development experience to invest in late lifecycle activities that will broaden the geographic footprint of our women’s health portfolio and further enhance the value of the portfolio, and	

 
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 	•	 	tracking scientific innovation globally to source commercialized and development-stage inorganic opportunities across women’s health broadly in order to develop products that target specific unmet medical need in conditions that impact women both uniquely and disproportionately.	
 
 	•	 	Maximize value from our biosimilars portfolio through increased focus and strategic investment. We believe that the biosimilars market offers potential for value creation for a company with our strengths. In the short term, we are focused on commercializing the five biosimilars sourced from our collaboration with Samsung Bioepis, including the recent EU launch of Aybintio in oncology. In the longer term, we expect to focus on expanding our portfolio through ongoing identification and evaluation of new opportunities in therapeutic areas such as oncology, immunology, ophthalmology, diabetes and neuroscience, both through our Samsung Bioepis collaboration and through other potential collaborations. We believe that our focused approach enables us to further capitalize on the momentum in the biosimilars industry to drive growth through commercialization of additional biosimilars and expansion of our existing products into additional countries. In addition, we believe the biosimilars market will continue to favorably mature through continued policy efforts, both in the United States and globally, that recognize the important role biosimilars can play in alleviating cost pressures for health care systems. In addition, we believe our commercial experience, particularly in the areas of tendering and policy, obtained from our prior biosimilars launches (Renflexis in the United States and Ontruzant in the United States and the EU) provides us a competitive advantage in the market.	
 
 	•	 	Drive near-term growth through investment in our existing portfolio. We believe that our broad portfolio affords us a range of options to drive future growth by developing products that target specific unmet medical need, including in-licenses, commercial collaborations, partnerships and acquisitions consistent with our focused strategy. For example, our established brands portfolio has a particularly strong foothold in emerging markets where we have a broad base of products enabling us to build targeted additional product offerings and developments. We expect that greater managerial focus to capture local market opportunities, along with targeted investments in expanding our geographic footprint, digital promotion and commercial trade channels, will provide new revenue opportunities for select brands in our established brands portfolio. We also believe there are meaningful opportunities to be realized through further investment in, and lifecycle management of, our current products across our portfolios.	
 
 	•	 	Drive long-term growth through investment in inorganic opportunities. To drive longer-term growth, we intend to expand our scientific capabilities in targeted therapeutic areas through investment in inorganic opportunities and acquisitions in order to further augment our existing product businesses. We believe these investments will help us build a development pipeline that will drive our future revenues.	
 
 	•	 	Enhance our digital and omni-channel marketing capabilities to drive growth. Our commercial strategy focuses on growing our product portfolio by increasing productivity across our sales force and leveraging digital channels, data and analytics to improve the return on investment in health care provider and patient engagement. We plan to continually expand our digital and omni-channel capabilities to optimize sales opportunities for our products and to further invest in digital engagement models that allow us to reach our customers and patients effectively. We also plan to further strengthen the design and execution of personalized omni-channel campaigns, engaging health care providers and patients through the most cost-effective channels and building upon existing strengths, such as our sophisticated capabilities to successfully target women and maximize our promotional response, which we achieved through nearly 10 years of executing and analyzing women’s health consumer campaigns in the United States.	
 
 	•	 	Drive efficiency to improve operating leverage and cash flow. As an independent company, we intend to focus on delivering operating efficiencies. We have identified a number of key areas in which we plan to generate cost efficiencies by simplifying our operating model, standardizing and centralizing	

 
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 	service activities and designing and enhancing our commercial model and supply chain functions. We also plan to leverage external providers where there is a cost and service advantage. In addition, we are in the process of implementing systems and process improvements to reduce general and administrative costs, and simplify our infrastructure following the termination of our transition services agreement with Merck. We believe the combination of these efficiencies will allow us to drive growth in free cash flow.	
 
 	•	 	Deploy our free cash flow to invest in our existing product portfolio, fund inorganic opportunities and return capital to our shareholders. We are committed to the success of our existing product portfolio and plan to make commercial decisions that will allow us to maximize its value. In addition, we plan to invest in inorganic growth opportunities such as in-licenses, commercial collaborations and acquisitions of development-stage or in-market products. We also plan to acquire products that fit within our existing commercial infrastructure, which we believe will generate attractive risk-adjusted returns on investment. There are inorganic growth opportunities, particularly in women’s health and biosimilars, that we plan to target. We believe that our global commercial and market access capabilities, regulatory affairs, specialized manufacturing and clinical development expertise, will enable us to evaluate and integrate external opportunities. In addition, we plan to pay a dividend to our shareholders, pay down debt consistent with our financial policy and, to the extent that we generate excess free cash flow, we will consider returning additional free cash flow to our shareholders via share repurchases. We expect our targeted dividend payout to be in the low 20s as a percentage of post-separation Adjusted Net Income.	
 
 	•	 	Capitalize on our status as a newly independent company to align our talented employee base with our performance expectations and drive a culture of high performance. Our strong heritage of excellence and scientific foundation enables us to approach complex problems with innovative science-based solutions. As a new, independent company, we have a rare opportunity to forge a distinct identity and align hiring, training, development and incentive activities around a clear set of performance expectations related to our core strategy. To establish this culture, we plan to draw upon key aspects of our shared history with Merck while charting a new course. We expect to be a performance-focused and entrepreneurial company with simplified organizational layers and governance, and a focus on alignment and leadership empowerment that enables our leaders to understand and address the evolving and unmet medical need of patients and health care providers around the world.	
Summary of Risks Related to Organon’s Business and the Separation
An investment in Organon common stock is subject to a number of risks, including risks related to the separation and distribution. The following list of risk factors is not exhaustive. Please read the information in the section entitled “Risk Factors” for a more thorough description of these and other risks.
Risks Related to Organon’s Business
 
 	•	 	We have no history operating as an independent company, and we expect to incur increased administrative and other costs following the separation by virtue of our status as an independent public company. Our historical and pro forma financial information is not necessarily representative of the results that we would have achieved as a separate, publicly traded company and may not be a reliable indicator of our future results. Our historical and pro forma financial information included in this information statement is derived from the consolidated financial statements and accounting records of Merck. Accordingly, the historical and pro forma financial information included in this information statement does not necessarily reflect the financial condition, results of operations or cash flows that we would have achieved as a separate, publicly traded company during the periods presented or those that we will achieve in the future, primarily as a result of the following factors: developing an independent ability to operate without access to Merck’s existing	

 
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 	operational and administrative infrastructure, loss of ability to utilize Merck’s size and purchasing power in procuring various goods and services on favorable terms, potential need to obtain additional financing, increased cost of capital for our business and issuance of any debt we expect to incur as part of the separation. Other significant changes may occur in our cost structure, management, financing and business operations as a result of operating as a company separate from Merck.	
 
 	•	 	Key products generate a significant amount of our profits and cash flows, and any events that adversely affect the markets for our leading products could adversely affect our results of operations and financial condition. Our ability to generate profits and operating cash flow depends largely upon the continued profitability of our key products, such as Nexplanon / Implanon NXT, Cozaar/Hyzaar, Zetia, Singulair and Atozet. As a result of our dependence on key products, any event that adversely affects any of these products or the markets for any of these products could adversely affect our sales, results of operations and cash flows. These adverse events could include increased costs associated with manufacturing, product shortages, increased generic or over-the-counter availability of our products or competitive products, the discovery of previously unknown side effects, results of post-approval trials, increased competition from the introduction of new, more effective treatments and discontinuation or removal from the market of these products for any reason. We also expect that competition will continue to adversely affect the sales of these products.	
 
 	•	 	We face continued pricing pressure with respect to our products. In the United States, we experience and expect to continue experiencing significant pricing pressure from: managed care groups, institutional and governmental purchasers, U.S. federal laws and regulations related to Medicare and Medicaid (including the Medicare Prescription Drug Improvement and Modernization Act of 2003), the Affordable Care Act (the “ACA”) and state activities aimed at regulating prices and increasing price transparency. Outside the United States, numerous major markets have pervasive government involvement in health care funding and, in that regard, extensive pricing and reimbursement mechanisms and processes for pharmaceutical products, which in turn means that we are subject to government decision-making and budgetary actions with respect to our products.	
 
 	•	 	We face intense competition from competitors’ products. Our products face intense competition from competitors’ products, including lower cost generic versions of our products that have lost market exclusivity, which may be equally safe and as effective as our products but sold at a substantially lower price than our products. Alternatively, our competitors’ products may be safer or more effective, more convenient to use, have better insurance coverage or reimbursement levels or be more effectively marketed and sold than our products. Our efforts to compete with other companies or our failure to maintain our competitive position could adversely affect our business, cash flow, results of operations, financial condition and prospects.	
 
 	•	 	We expect to have limited in-house research and development capabilities and will rely on future acquisitions, partnerships and collaborations to expand our research and development capabilities, which means we may not be able to develop new products or expand our existing products into new markets to replace the sales of products that lose patent protection, and therefore we may not be able to maintain our current levels of profitability. Upon our separation from Merck, we will have limited in-house research and development staff and facilities, and we do not currently intend to hire or acquire such staff or facilities immediately after the separation and instead, we intend to rely on future acquisitions, partnerships and collaborations with third parties to expand our existing portfolio and research capabilities. In addition, we rely on our collaboration with Samsung Bioepis for the successful development and manufacture of our biosimilars products and expect to do so for the foreseeable future. We also intend to grow our product portfolio of prescription therapies by acquiring products developed by third parties. If our expansion into new products, new indications or formulations of our existing products or expansion of existing products into new markets or new geographies does not offset the sales lost through loss of patent exclusivity, then we may not be able to	

 
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 	maintain our current levels of profitability, and this could adversely affect our business, cash flow, results of operations, financial condition and prospects.	
 
 	•	 	We may experience difficulties identifying and effecting acquisition opportunities. We may pursue acquisitions of complementary businesses, licensing arrangements and strategic partnerships to expand our product offerings and geographic presence as part of our business strategy. We may not complete these transactions in a timely manner, on a cost-effective basis, or at all, and we may not realize the expected benefits of any acquisition, license arrangement or strategic partnerships. In identifying, evaluating and selecting acquisition targets, we may encounter intense competition from other companies that have similar business objectives, extensive experience, and greater resources. In addition, certain provisions of the tax matters agreement may discourage, delay or prevent acquisition proposals or otherwise limit our ability to pursue certain strategic transactions or engage in other specified transactions for a period of time.	
 
 	•	 	After the distribution, we expect to have significant indebtedness. We expect to have total indebtedness of approximately $9.5 billion, consisting of term loans and 144A senior notes with such aggregate principal amount. Approximately $         of such amount will be incurred to pay a distribution to Merck, with the remaining net proceeds intended to be used for general corporate purposes. Such indebtedness and any future indebtedness we may incur could restrict our ability to pay dividends and adversely affect our financing options and liquidity position.	
 
 	•	 	We may be unable to market our products if we do not obtain and maintain required regulatory approvals. Our activities, including the manufacturing and marketing of our products, are subject to extensive regulation by numerous federal and state governmental authorities in the United States and by foreign regulatory authorities, including in the EU, China and Japan. Our failure to obtain approval, significant delays in the approval process or our failure to maintain approval in any jurisdiction will prevent us from marketing and selling the products in that jurisdiction. We would not be able to realize revenues for our products in any jurisdiction where we do not have approval.	
 
 	•	 	Developments following regulatory approval may adversely affect sales of our products. Even after a product reaches the market, certain developments may decrease demand for our products, including results in post-approval Phase 4 trials or other studies, the re-review of products that are already marketed, the recall or loss of marketing approval of products that are already marketed, changing government standards or public expectations regarding safety, efficacy, quality or labeling changes and scrutiny of advertising and promotion. Further, we are at risk for product liability and consumer protection claims and civil and criminal governmental actions related to our products, research and marketing activities. In addition, dissemination of promotional materials through evolving digital channels serves to increase visibility and scrutiny in the marketplace.	
 
 	•	 	The health care industry in the United States has been, and will continue to be, subject to increasing regulation and political action. We believe that the health care industry will continue to be subject to increasing regulation and political and legal action at both the Federal and state levels. Recent health care reform legislation, such as the ACA, have resulted in requirements such as a point of service discount and an annual non-tax deductible health care reform fee. In addition, there are currently several proposed draft rules or legislation that may have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financial condition.	
The Separation and Distribution
On February 5, 2020, Merck announced that it intended to spin-off its women’s health, biosimilars and established brands businesses and create a standalone pharmaceutical company. Merck announced that it intended to effect the spin-off through a pro rata distribution of all of the common stock of a new entity, which

 
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has since been named Organon and holds the assets and liabilities associated with the women’s health, biosimilars and established brands businesses.
On                    , 2021, the Merck Board of Directors approved the distribution of all of Organon’s issued and outstanding shares of common stock on the basis of                 a share of Organon common stock for each share of Merck common stock held as of the close of business on                    , 2021, the record date.
On                    , 2021, the distribution date, each Merck shareholder will receive            of a share of Organon’s common stock for each share of Merck common stock held at the close of business on the record date. Merck shareholders will receive cash in lieu of any fractional shares of Organon common stock that they would have received after application of this ratio. Shareholders will not be required to make any payment, or surrender or exchange their shares of Merck common stock or take any other action to receive their shares of Organon’s common stock in the distribution. The distribution of Organon’s common stock as described in this information statement is subject to the satisfaction or waiver of certain conditions. For a more detailed description of these conditions, see the section entitled “—Conditions to the Distribution.”
Organon’s Post-Distribution Relationship with Merck
Organon will enter into a separation and distribution agreement with Merck, which is referred to in this information statement as the “separation and distribution agreement.” In connection with the separation, Organon will enter into various other agreements to effect the separation and provide a framework for its relationship with Merck after the distribution, including one or more transition services agreements, manufacturing and supply agreements, trademark license agreements, intellectual property license agreements, an employee matters agreement, a tax matters agreement and certain other commercial agreements. These agreements will provide for the allocation between Merck and Organon of Merck’s assets, employees, liabilities and obligations (including investments, property, employee benefits and tax-related assets and liabilities) attributable to periods prior to, at and after Organon’s separation from Merck. These agreements will also govern certain relationships between Merck and Organon after the separation. For additional information regarding the separation and distribution agreement and other transaction agreements, see the sections entitled “Risk Factors—Risks Related to the Separation and Distribution” and “Certain Relationships and Related Party Transactions.”
Reasons for the Separation
The Merck Board of Directors believes that separating the women’s health, biosimilars and established brands businesses from the remainder of Merck is in the best interests of Merck and its shareholders for a number of reasons, including that the spin-off will:
 
 	•	 	give each of Organon and Merck its own dedicated management team, focused on its unique business opportunities and capital needs, thereby allowing each business to pursue more effectively its own distinct operating priorities and strategies;	
 
 	•	 	give each of Organon and Merck its own source of capital dedicated to its own investment priorities, and allow each of Organon and Merck to implement a capital structure appropriate for its respective cash flow and growth profile;	
 
 	•	 	give each of Organon and Merck its own equity currency for use in connection with acquisitions; and	
 
 	•	 	enhance the ability of Organon and Merck to attract and retain qualified management and to better align incentive-based compensation with the performance of each of Organon and Merck’s separate businesses.	
The Merck Board of Directors considered a number of potentially negative factors in evaluating the separation, including risks relating to the creation of a new public company and possible increased overall costs, as well as one-time separation costs, but concluded that the potential benefits of the separation outweighed these

 
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factors. For more information, see the sections entitled “The Separation and Distribution—Reasons for the Separation” and “Risk Factors” included elsewhere in this information statement.
Conditions to the Distribution
The distribution is subject to a number of conditions, including, among others:
 
 	•	 	the receipt of opinions (the “Tax Opinions”) from Baker & McKenzie LLP and Ernst & Young LLP (the “Tax Advisors”) to the effect that the distribution and certain related transactions will qualify as tax-free to Merck and its shareholders under Sections 355 and 368 of the Code;	
 
 	•	 	the making of a distribution of approximately $        billion from Organon to Merck, and the determination by Merck in its sole discretion that following the separation Merck will have no further liability or obligation whatsoever with respect to any of the financing arrangements that Organon will be entering into in connection with the separation;	
 
 	•	 	the receipt of an opinion from an independent appraisal firm to the Merck Board of Directors confirming the solvency of Merck giving effect to the distribution of Organon and confirming the solvency of Organon giving effect to the cash dividend that is in form and substance acceptable to Merck in its sole discretion;	
 
 	•	 	the SEC declaring effective Organon’s registration statement on Form 10 of which this information statement forms a part, and the making available of the information statement to all holders of shares of Merck common stock as of the close of business on                    , 2021, the record date;	
 
 	•	 	no order, injunction, or decree issued by any court of competent jurisdiction or other legal restraint or prohibition preventing the consummation of the separation, distribution or any of the related transactions shall be in effect;	
 
 	•	 	the shares of Organon common stock to be distributed shall have been accepted for listing on the NYSE, subject to official notice of distribution; and	
 
 	•	 	no other event or development existing or having occurred that, in the judgment of Merck’s Board of Directors, in its sole discretion, makes it inadvisable to effect the separation, distribution and other related transactions.	
Merck and Organon cannot assure you that any or all of these conditions will be met. In addition, Merck will have the sole and absolute discretion to determine (and change) the terms of, and whether to proceed with, the distribution and, to the extent it determines to so proceed, to determine the record date and the distribution date and the distribution ratio. Merck does not intend to notify its shareholders of any modifications to the terms of the separation that, in the judgment of its Board of Directors, are not material. For a complete discussion of all of the conditions to the distribution, see “The Separation and Distribution—Conditions to the Distribution.”
Corporate Information
Organon & Co. was incorporated in Delaware on March 11, 2020. The address of Organon’s principal executive offices is 30 Hudson Street, 33rd Floor, Jersey City, New Jersey 07302. Organon’s telephone number is 551-430-6000.
After the separation, Organon will maintain an Internet website at www.organon.com. Organon’s website and the information contained therein or connected thereto shall not be deemed to be incorporated herein, and you should not rely on any such information in making an investment decision.
Reason for Furnishing this Information Statement
This information statement is being furnished solely to provide information to shareholders of Merck who will receive shares of Organon common stock in the distribution. It is not and is not to be construed as an

 
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inducement or encouragement to buy or sell any of Organon’s securities. The information contained in this information statement is believed by Organon to be accurate as of the date set forth on its cover. Changes may occur after that date and neither Merck nor Organon will update the information except in the normal course of their respective disclosure obligations and practices.
Summary Historical and Unaudited Pro Forma Financial Information
The following tables set forth summary historical combined and unaudited pro forma financial information. You should read this information in conjunction with the information under “Selected Historical Financial Data,” “Unaudited Pro Forma Financial Information,” “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations,” our audited annual combined financial statements and the related notes included elsewhere in this information statement.
We derived the selected historical combined financial information for each of the fiscal years in the three-year period ended December 31, 2020 from our audited annual combined financial statements included elsewhere in this information statement.
The selected unaudited pro forma financial information at and for the year ended December 31, 2020 is unaudited and has been derived from our unaudited pro forma financial information included elsewhere in this information statement.

 
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Combined Balance Sheet

 	  	Pro Forma
as of
December 31,
2020	 	 	As of December 31,	 		
				($ in millions)	 	2020	 	 	2019	 	
Assets	  				 				 					
Current Assets	  				 				 					
Cash and cash equivalents	  	$	500	 	 	$	 70	 	 	$	319	 		
Accounts receivable (net of allowance for doubtful accounts of $18 in 2020 and $20 in 2019)	  	 	1,092	 	 	 	1,360	 	 	 	1,474	 		
Inventories (excludes inventories of $127 in 2020 and $93 in 2019 classified in Other Assets)	  	 	913	 	 	 	971	 	 	 	1,071	 		
Due from related party	  	 	—  	 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	13	 		
Other current assets	  	 	929	 	 	 	977	 	 	 	1,078	 		
	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 		
Total current assets	  	 	3,434	 	 	 	3,378	 	 	 	3,955	 		
	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 		
Property, Plant and Equipment (at cost)	  				 				 					
Land	  	 	14	 	 	 	15	 	 	 	7	 		
Buildings	  	 	647	 	 	 	653	 	 	 	382	 		
Machinery, equipment and office furnishings	  	 	787	 	 	 	803	 	 	 	824	 		
Construction in progress	  	 	356	 	 	 	362	 	 	 	143	 		
	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 		
	  	 	1,804	 	 	 	1,833	 	 	 	1,356	 		
Less: accumulated depreciation	  	 	820	 	 	 	835	 	 	 	676	 		
	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 		
	  	 	984	 	 	 	998	 	 	 	680	 		
	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 		
Goodwill	  	 	4,603	 	 	 	4,603	 	 	 	4,603	 		
	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 		
Other Intangibles, Net	  	 	503	 	 	 	503	 	 	 	569	 		
	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 		
Other Assets	  	 	910	 	 	 	438	 	 	 	741	 		
	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 		
	  	$	10,434	 	 	$	9,920	 	 	$	10,548	 		
	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 		
Liabilities and Equity	  				 				 					
Current Liabilities	  				 				 					
Trade accounts payable	  	$	259	 	 	$	294	 	 	$	258	 		
Accrued and other current liabilities	  	 	833	 	 	 	752	 	 	 	807	 		
Due to related party	  	 	—  	 	 	 	1,150	 	 	 	34	 		
Income taxes payable	  	 	109	 	 	 	288	 	 	 	242	 		
	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 		
Total current liabilities	  	 	1,201	 	 	 	2,484	 	 	 	1,341	 		
	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 		
Deferred Income Taxes	  	 	121	 	 	 	128	 	 	 	139	 		
	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 		
Related Party Loans Payable	  	 	—  	 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	70	 		
	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 		
Other Noncurrent Liabilities	  	 	9,932	 	 	 	1,822	 	 	 	1,963	 		
	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 		
Organon & Co. Equity	  				 				 					
Accumulated deficit	  	 	(216	) 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	—  	 		
Net investment from Parent	  	 	—  	 	 	 	6,108	 	 	 	7,949	 		
Accumulated other comprehensive loss	  	 	(604	) 	 	 	(622	) 	 	 	(914	) 		
	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 		
Total equity	  	 	(820	) 	 	 	5,486	 	 	 	7,035	 		
	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 		
	  	$	10,434	 	 	$	 9,920	 	 	$	10,548	 		

 
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Combined Statements of Income

 	  	Pro Forma
Year Ended
December 31,
2020	 	  	For the Year Ended December 31,	 		
				($ in millions)	  	2020	 	  	2019	 	  	2018	 	
Sales(1)	  	$	6,607	 	  	$	8,096	 	  	$	9,530	 	  	$	9,777	 		
	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 		
Costs, expenses and other	  				  				  				  					
Cost of sales(2)	  	 	2,316	 	  	 	3,347	 	  	 	3,621	 	  	 	4,693	 		
Selling, general and administrative	  	 	1,722	 	  	 	1,666	 	  	 	1,922	 	  	 	2,013	 		
Research and development	  	 	315	 	  	 	304	 	  	 	332	 	  	 	365	 		
Restructuring costs	  	 	3	 	  	 	70	 	  	 	101	 	  	 	119	 		
Other (income) expense, net	  	 	436	 	  	 	29	 	  	 	(1	) 	  	 	(142	) 		

Income before taxes	  	 	1,815	 	  	 	2,680	 	  	 	3,555	 	  	 	2,729	 		
Taxes on income	  	 	315	 	  	 	520	 	  	 	337	 	  	 	576	 		
	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 		
Net income	  	$	1,500	 	  	$	 2,160	 	  	$	3,218	 	  	$	2,153	 		

(1) 	Actual results include related party sales of $599 million in 2020, $501 million in 2019 and $432 million in 2018.	
(2) 	Actual results include costs for inventory purchases from related parties of $1.0 billion in 2020, $1.1 billion in 2019 and $923 million in 2018.	

 
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Risk Factors
You should carefully consider the following risks and other information in this information statement in evaluating Organon and Organon’s common stock. Any of the following risks could materially and adversely affect Organon’s results of operations or financial condition. The risk factors generally have been separated into three groups: risks related to Organon’s business, risks related to the separation and distribution, and risks related to Organon’s common stock.
Risks Related to Our Business
We have no history operating as an independent company, and we expect to incur increased administrative and other costs following the separation by virtue of our status as an independent public company. Our historical and pro forma financial information is not necessarily representative of the results that we would have achieved as a separate, publicly traded company and may not be a reliable indicator of our future results.
The historical information about Organon in this information statement refers to Organon’s business as operated by and integrated with Merck. Our historical and pro forma financial information included in this information statement is derived from the consolidated financial statements and accounting records of Merck. Accordingly, the historical and pro forma financial information included in this information statement does not necessarily reflect the financial condition, results of operations or cash flows that we would have achieved as a separate, publicly traded company during the periods presented or those that we will achieve in the future, primarily as a result of the following factors:
 
 	•	 	Prior to the distribution, our business was operated by Merck as part of its broader corporate organization, rather than as an independent company. Merck or one of its affiliates performed various corporate functions for us, such as tax, treasury, finance, internal audit, risk management, legal, information technology, human resources, shareholder relations, compliance, insurance, employee benefits and compensation. Following the distribution, Merck will continue to provide some of these functions to us after we transition to an independent, publicly traded company, as described in “Certain Relationships and Related Party Transactions.” Our historical and pro forma financial results reflect allocations of corporate expenses from Merck for such functions. These allocations will not be indicative of the actual expenses we would have incurred had we operated as an independent, publicly traded company in the periods presented. We will need to make significant investments to replicate or outsource from other providers certain facilities, systems, infrastructure and personnel to which we will no longer have access once the terms of our arrangements with Merck expire. These initiatives to develop our independent ability to operate without access to Merck’s existing operational and administrative infrastructure will be costly to implement, and we will incur additive costs in implementing such initiatives currently provided to us by Merck. In addition, we may be unable to obtain replacement services on similar terms as those provided by Merck. We may not be able to operate our business as efficiently or at comparable costs, and our results of operations may be adversely affected.	
 
 	•	 	Currently, our business is integrated with the other businesses of Merck. We are able to utilize Merck’s size and purchasing power in procuring various goods and services and have shared economies of scope and scale in costs, employees, vendor relationships and customer relationships. Although we will enter into transition agreements with Merck, these arrangements may not fully capture the benefits we have enjoyed as a result of being integrated with Merck and may result in us paying higher charges than in the past for these services. As a separate, independent company, we may be unable to obtain goods and services at the prices and terms obtained prior to the separation, which could adversely affect our results of operations. As a separate, independent company, we also may not be as successful in negotiating favorable tax treatment with governmental entities. This could adversely affect our results of operations and financial condition.	
 
 	•	 	Our working capital requirements and capital for our general corporate purposes, including acquisitions, research and development and capital expenditures, have historically been satisfied as part	
 
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 	of the corporate-wide cash management policies of Merck. Following the completion of the distribution, we may need to obtain additional financing from banks, through public offerings or private placements of debt or equity securities, strategic relationships or other arrangements.	
 
 	•	 	After the completion of the distribution, the cost of capital for our business is likely to be higher than Merck’s cost of capital prior to the distribution.	
 
 	•	 	Our historical financial information does not reflect the issuance of any debt we expect to incur as part of the separation and distribution or our obligations to purchase from Merck certain operations and assets, and assume the corresponding liabilities, of our business after the distribution date.	
Other significant changes may occur in our cost structure, management, financing and business operations as a result of operating as a company separate from Merck. For additional information about the past financial performance of our business and the basis of presentation of the historical combined financial statements and the unaudited pro forma financial information of our business, see “Unaudited Pro Forma Financial Information,” “Selected Historical Financial Data,” “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” and the historical financial statements and accompanying notes included elsewhere in this information statement.
Key products generate a significant amount of our profits and cash flows, and any events that adversely affect the markets for our leading products could adversely affect our results of operations and financial condition.
Our ability to generate profits and operating cash flow depends largely upon the continued profitability of our key products, such as Nexplanon / Implanon NXT, Cozaar/Hyzaar, Zetia, Singulair and Atozet. As a result of our dependence on key products, any event that adversely affects any of these products or the markets for any of these products could adversely affect our sales, results of operations and cash flows. These adverse events could include increased costs associated with manufacturing, product shortages, increased generic or over-the-counter availability of our products or competitive products, the discovery of previously unknown side effects, results of post-approval trials, increased competition from the introduction of new, more effective treatments and discontinuation or removal from the market of these products for any reason. We also expect that competition will continue to adversely affect the sales of these products.
We face continued pricing pressure with respect to our products.
We face continued pricing pressure globally and, particularly, in mature markets from managed care organizations, government agencies and programs that could adversely affect our sales and profit margins. We expect pricing pressure to continue in the future. For example, in the United States, we experience significant pricing pressure from: managed care groups, institutional and governmental purchasers, U.S. federal laws and regulations related to Medicare and Medicaid (including the Medicare Prescription Drug Improvement and Modernization Act of 2003 and the ACA) and state activities aimed at regulating prices and increasing price transparency. Changes to the health care system enacted as part of health care reform in the United States, as well as increased purchasing power of entities that negotiate on behalf of Medicare, Medicaid, and private sector beneficiaries, could result in further pricing pressures. In addition, in the United States, larger customers have received higher rebates on drugs in certain highly competitive categories. We must also compete to be placed on formularies of managed care organizations. Exclusion of a product from a formulary can lead to reduced usage in the managed care organization. Outside the United States, numerous major markets, including the EU, China and Japan have pervasive government involvement in health care funding and, in that regard, extensive pricing and reimbursement mechanisms and processes for pharmaceutical products. Consequently, in those markets, we are subject to government decision-making and budgetary actions with respect to our products. In China, pricing pressure from the Chinese government has increased, including through a series of health care reforms to accelerate generic substitution. While pricing pressure has always existed in China, health care reforms have increased this pressure in part due to the acceleration of generic substitution through the government’s volume-based procurement (“VBP”) and generic quality consistency evaluation (“GQCE”) programs. In Japan, the
 
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pharmaceutical industry is subject to government-mandated biennial price reductions of pharmaceutical products. Furthermore, the government can order re-pricing for specific products if it determines that use of such product will exceed certain thresholds defined under applicable re-pricing rules. The next government-mandated pricing reduction will occur in April 2021 and is expected to impact many Organon products.
We face intense competition from competitors’ products.
Our products face intense competition from competitors’ products, including lower cost generic versions of our products that have lost market exclusivity. Competitors’ products may be equally safe and as effective as our products but sold at a substantially lower price than our products. Alternatively, our competitors’ products may be safer or more effective, more convenient to use, have better insurance coverage or reimbursement levels or be more effectively marketed and sold than our products. Our efforts to compete with other companies or our failure to maintain our competitive position could adversely affect our business, cash flow, results of operations, financial condition and prospects.
We expect to have limited in-house research and development capabilities and will rely on future acquisitions, partnerships and collaborations to expand our research and development capabilities, which means we may not be able to develop new products or expand our existing products into new markets to replace the sales of products that lose patent protection, and therefore we may not be able to maintain our current levels of profitability.
Upon our separation from Merck, we will have limited in-house research and development staff and facilities, and do not currently intend to hire or acquire such staff or facilities immediately after the separation. Instead, we intend to rely on future acquisitions, partnerships and collaborations with third parties to expand our existing portfolio and research capabilities. We also intend to grow our business through new indications or formulations of our existing products or expansion of existing products into new markets or new geographies. However, we expect that our ability to do so will be limited by the scope of our limited intellectual property licenses for certain women’s health products. For example, our license for Nexplanon / Implanon NXT permits use of the underlying technology solely as a contraceptive implant containing only the active pharmaceutical ingredient currently used in the product. We may not be able to offset any sales losses for products that lose or do not have exclusivity by growing sales in other markets. If we cannot produce sufficient revenues from expansion into new products, new indications or formulations of our existing products or expansion of existing products into new markets or new geographies, then we may not be able to maintain our current levels of profitability, and this could adversely affect our business, cash flow, results of operations, financial condition and prospects.
We may experience difficulties identifying and effecting acquisition opportunities.
We may pursue acquisitions of complementary businesses, licensing arrangements and strategic partnerships to expand our product offerings and geographic presence as part of our business strategy. We may not complete these transactions in a timely manner, on a cost-effective basis, or at all, and we may not realize the expected benefits of any acquisition, license arrangement or strategic partnerships. Such opportunities may relate to products, technologies or operations with which we have limited or no historical experience. For example, in March 2021, Merck announced the signing of a definitive agreement for us to acquire Alydia Health, which is a commercial-stage medical device company. In identifying, evaluating and selecting acquisition targets, we may encounter intense competition from other companies having a business objective similar to ours. Many of these companies are well established and have extensive experience identifying and effecting these types of strategic acquisitions. Moreover, some of these competitors may possess greater financial, technical, human and other resources than we do. In addition, certain provisions of the tax matters agreement, which are intended to preserve the intended tax treatment of the separation and certain related transactions, may discourage, delay or prevent acquisition proposals or otherwise limit our ability to pursue certain strategic transactions or engage in other transactions, including mergers or consolidations for a period of time following the spin-off. Even if we are successful in making acquisitions, the products and technologies we acquire may not be successful or may require significantly greater resources and investments than we originally anticipated. We could experience
 
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negative effects on our results of operations and financial condition from acquisition-related charges, amortization of intangible assets and asset impairment charges. We could experience difficulties in integrating geographically separated organizations, systems and facilities, and personnel with diverse backgrounds. If an acquired business fails to operate as anticipated or cannot be successfully integrated with our existing business, our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows could be materially and adversely affected.
We may be unable to market our products if we do not obtain and maintain required regulatory approvals.
Our activities, including the manufacturing and marketing of our products, are subject to extensive regulation by numerous federal and state governmental authorities in the United States, including the Food and Drug Administration (“FDA”), and by foreign regulatory authorities, including in the EU, China and Japan. In the United States, the FDA administers requirements covering the testing, approval, safety, effectiveness, manufacturing, labeling and marketing of prescription pharmaceuticals. Regulation outside the United States also is primarily focused on drug safety and effectiveness and, in many cases, reduction in the cost of drugs. In addition, regulatory authorities such as the FDA, the European Medicines Agency (“EMA”), China’s National Medical Products Administration (“NMPA”) and Japan’s Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare have increased their focus on safety when assessing the benefit/risk balance of drugs. These regulatory authorities, including in China and Japan, also have substantial discretion to require additional testing, to delay or withhold registration and marketing approval and to otherwise preclude distribution and sale of a product.
Our applications for regulatory approval may be rejected or otherwise delayed by the FDA or other foreign regulatory authorities. For example, the FDA may issue complete response letters indicating that our applications are not ready for approval. We cannot market our products or new indications or formulations of our existing products unless and until we have obtained all required regulatory approvals in each relevant jurisdiction. Once obtained, we must maintain approval as long as we plan to market products in each jurisdiction where approval is required. Our failure to obtain approval, significant delays in the approval process or our failure to maintain approval in any jurisdiction will prevent us from selling the products in that jurisdiction. We would not be able to realize revenues for our products in any jurisdiction where we do not have approval.
Developments following regulatory approval may adversely affect sales of our products.
Even after a product reaches the market, certain developments may decrease demand for our products, including the following:
 
 	•	 	results in post-approval Phase 4 trials or other studies;	
 
 	•	 	the re-review of products that are already marketed;	
 
 	•	 	the recall or loss of marketing approval of products that are already marketed;	
 
 	•	 	changing government standards or public expectations regarding safety, efficacy, quality or labeling changes; and	
 
 	•	 	scrutiny of advertising and promotion.	
In the past several years, clinical trials and post-marketing surveillance of certain marketed drugs of our competitors within the industry have raised concerns that have led to recalls, withdrawals or adverse labeling of marketed products. Clinical trials and post-marketing surveillance of certain marketed drugs also have raised concerns among some health care providers and patients relating to the safety or efficacy of pharmaceutical products in general that have negatively affected the sales of such products. In addition, increased scrutiny of the outcomes of clinical trials has led to increased volatility in market reaction. Further, these matters often attract litigation and, even where the basis for the litigation is groundless, may consume considerable resources.
If previously unknown side effects are discovered or if there is an increase in negative publicity regarding known side effects of any of our products, it could significantly reduce demand for the product or require us to
 
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take actions that could negatively affect sales, including removing the product from the market, restricting our distribution or applying for labeling changes. Further, we are at risk for product liability and consumer protection claims and civil and criminal governmental actions related to our products, research and marketing activities. In addition, dissemination of promotional materials through evolving digital channels serves to increase visibility and scrutiny in the marketplace.
Certain of our products currently benefit from patent protection and market exclusivity. When the patent protection and market exclusivity periods for such products expire, we generally experience a significant and rapid loss of sales from those products. Expiry of patent protection and market exclusivity for products that contribute significantly to our sales will adversely affect our business.
We depend upon patents to provide us with exclusive marketing rights for certain of our products for some period of time. Loss of patent protection typically leads to a significant and rapid loss of sales for that product as lower priced generic versions of that drug become available. In the case of current or future products that contribute significantly to our sales, a loss of market exclusivity could materially adversely affect our business, cash flow, results of operations, financial condition and prospects. For example, the patent that provided United States market exclusivity for NuvaRing expired in April 2018 and generic competition began in December 2019. We experienced a rapid and substantial decline in NuvaRing sales in the United States in 2020 as a result of this generic competition. In addition, we expect to have market exclusivity for Nexplanon / Implanon NXT in the United States until 2027 and the majority of countries where Nexplanon / Implanon NXT is commercialized outside the United States until 2025. See “Business—Products” for details, including the patent protection for certain of our marketed products.
We are dependent on our patent rights for the marketing of certain of our products, and invalidation or circumvention of our patent rights would adversely affect our business.
Patent protections are important to the marketing of certain of our products, particularly certain of our women’s health products in the United States and in most major foreign markets. Patents covering products that we have introduced normally provide market exclusivity, which is important for the successful marketing and sale of certain of our products.
Even if we succeed in obtaining patents covering our products, third parties or government authorities may challenge or seek to invalidate or circumvent our patents and patent applications. It is important for our business to defend successfully the patent rights that provide market exclusivity for our products. We are often involved in patent disputes relating to challenges to our patents or claims by third parties of infringement against us. We defend our patents both within and outside the United States, including by filing claims of infringement against other parties. In particular, manufacturers of generic pharmaceutical products from time to time file abbreviated new drug applications (“ANDAs”) with the FDA seeking to market generic forms of our products prior to the expiration of relevant patents owned or licensed by us. We normally respond by defending our patent, including by filing lawsuits alleging patent infringement. Patent litigation and other challenges to our patents are costly and unpredictable and may deprive us of market exclusivity for a patented product or, in some cases, third-party patents may prevent us from marketing and selling a product in a particular geographic area, negatively affecting our business and results of operations.
Additionally, certain foreign governments have indicated that compulsory licenses to patents may be granted in the case of national emergencies or in other circumstances, which could diminish or eliminate sales and profits from those regions and negatively affect our business and results of operations. Further, court decisions relating to other companies’ patents, potential legislation in both the United States and certain foreign markets relating to patents, as well as regulatory initiatives may result in a more general weakening of intellectual property protection.
If one or more of our important products lose patent protection in profitable markets, sales of those products are likely to decline significantly as a result of generic versions of those products becoming available. Our results
 
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of operations may be adversely affected by the lost sales unless and until we have launched commercially successful products that replace the lost sales. In addition, if products with intangible assets that were measured at fair value and capitalized in connection with acquisitions experience difficulties in the market that negatively affect product cash flows, we may recognize material non-cash impairment charges with respect to the value of those products.
The health care industry in the United States has been, and will continue to be, subject to increasing regulation and political action.
We believe that the health care industry will continue to be subject to increasing regulation and political and legal action at both the Federal and state levels.
In 2010, the United States enacted major health care reform legislation in the form of the ACA. Various insurance market reforms have advanced and state and federal insurance exchanges were launched in 2014. The ACA increased the mandated Medicaid rebate from 15.1% to 23.1%, expanded the rebate to Medicaid managed care utilization and increased the types of entities eligible for the federal 340B drug discount program.
The ACA also requires pharmaceutical manufacturers to pay 70% of the cost of the medicine, including biosimilar products, when Medicare Part D beneficiaries are in the Medicare Part D coverage gap (i.e., the so-called “donut hole”), which increased from 50% beginning in 2019 as a result of the Balanced Budget Act of 2018. Also, pharmaceutical manufacturers are required to pay an annual non-tax deductible health care reform fee. The fee is assessed on each company in proportion to its share of prior year branded pharmaceutical sales to certain government programs, such as Medicare and Medicaid.
As discussed in “Business—Competition and Health Care Environment,” there is significant uncertainty about the future of the ACA and, in particular, health care laws generally in the United States. There are various court cases and other regulatory actions ongoing that may result in the invalidation of all or portions of the ACA. If the individual mandate is held to be unconstitutional and not severable from the remainder of the ACA, we expect this would result in invalidation of the Biologics Price Competition and Innovation Act (“BPCIA”), which provides for an abbreviated pathway for obtaining FDA approval of biologic drugs that satisfy certain criteria and which is incorporated into the ACA.
In 2016, the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (“CMS”) issued the Medicaid rebate Final Rule that implemented provisions of the ACA effective April 1, 2016. The rule provided comprehensive guidance on the calculation of Average Manufacturer Price and Best Price, which are two metrics that determine the rebates drug manufacturers are required to pay to state Medicaid programs. On December 31, 2020, CMS published a Final Rule on the Medicaid Program, which, among other things, introduced new definitions of “line extension” and “new formulation.” CMS defined “line extension” as a new formulation of the drug, not including an abuse-deterrent formulation of the drug, and adopted an expansive definition of “new formulation” to include “an extended release formulation or other change in release mechanism, a change in dosage form, strength, route of administration, or ingredients.” This expanded definition will result in a number of drugs being subject to a higher Medicaid rebate. The new definitions of “line extension” and “new formulation” will take effect on January 1, 2022. The Final Rule also revised regulations regarding authorized generic sales when manufacturers calculate the average manufacturer price (AMP), manufacturer reporting requirements under the Medicaid Drug Rebate Program (MDRP), and payments for prescription drugs under the Medicaid program. The implementation date of these revised regulations is January 1, 2023. We will evaluate the financial effects of these elements once there is more certainty.
In addition, as discussed in “Business—Competition and the Health Care Environment,” a Final Rule was issued that allows importation of certain lower-cost prescription drugs from Canada. As a result of this Final Rule, effective November 30, 2020, states or certain other non-federal governmental entities will be able to submit importation program proposals to the FDA for review and authorization of two-year programs (with the opportunity to extend for two more years). This rule is currently facing a legal challenge and is currently pending
 
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in federal district court, but if upheld, or if additional future legislative action is taken on drug importation, it would be expected to adversely affect our revenues.
Various executive and legislative actions in the United States have been proposed, or may in the future be proposed, to mandate reduced drug prices. For example, in November 2020, CMS issued a Final Rule which was intended to be effective January 1, 2021 to institute a new pricing system for certain prescription drugs and biologic products covered by Medicare Part B in which Medicare would reimburse no more than the “most favored nation price.” The rule was immediately challenged in at least four federal courts and has been temporarily enjoined from going into effect. The Department of Health and Human Services has indicated that the most favored nation, or MFN, model will not be implemented without further rulemaking.
Additionally in November 2020, the Department of Health and Human Services Office of Inspector General (“OIG”) issued a Final Rule that would, effective January 1, 2022, eliminate the Anti-Kickback Statute safe harbor for rebates paid to Medicare Part D plans or to pharmacy benefit managers (“PBMs”) on behalf of such plans. While the Company cannot anticipate the effects of this change to the way it currently contracts, this new framework could significantly alter the way it does business with Part D Plan Sponsors and PBMs on behalf of such plans. This rulemaking also established, effective January 1, 2021, a new safe harbor for point of sale discounts at the pharmacy counter and a new safe harbor for certain services arrangements between pharmaceutical manufacturers and PBMs. In response to litigation brought by a trade association on behalf of PBMs, the rule’s effective date has been delayed until January 1, 2023. It remains to be seen whether, and to what extent, these measures will take effect. These executive measures, if upheld, or future legislative action on drug prices may adversely affect our revenues.
We cannot predict the likelihood of additional future changes in the health care industry in general, or the pharmaceutical industry in particular, or what impact they may have on our business, cash flow, results of operations, financial condition and prospects.
We are subject to a variety of United States and international laws and regulations.
We are currently subject to a number of government laws and regulations and, in the future, could become subject to new government laws and regulations. The costs of compliance with such laws and regulations, or the negative results of non-compliance, could adversely affect our business, cash flow, results of operations, financial condition and prospects. The costs of compliance and non-compliance may be particularly significant with respect to health care reform initiatives in the United States or in other countries, including additional mandatory discounts or fees; the U.S. Foreign Corrupt Practices Act, the U.K. Bribery Act 2010 or other anti-bribery and corruption laws; new laws, regulations and judicial or other governmental decisions affecting pricing, drug reimbursement, and access or marketing within or across jurisdictions; new and increasing data privacy regulations and enforcement, particularly in the EU and the United States; legislative mandates or preferences for local manufacturing of pharmaceutical products; emerging and new global regulatory requirements for reporting payments and other value transfers to health care professionals; environmental regulations; and importation restrictions, embargoes, trade sanctions and legislative or other regulatory changes.
We have significant global operations, which expose us to additional risks, and any adverse event could adversely affect our results of operations and financial condition.
The extent of our operations outside the United States is significant. Risks inherent in conducting a global business include:
 
 	•	 	changes in medical reimbursement policies and programs and pricing restrictions in key markets;	
 
 	•	 	multiple regulatory requirements that could restrict our ability to manufacture and sell our products in key markets;	
 
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 	•	 	trade protection measures and import or export licensing requirements, including the imposition of trade sanctions or similar restrictions by the United States or other governments;	
 
 	•	 	foreign exchange fluctuations;	
 
 	•	 	diminished protection of intellectual property in some countries; and	
 
 	•	 	possible nationalization and expropriation.	
In addition, there may be changes to our business and strategic position if there is instability, disruption or destruction in a significant geographic region, regardless of cause, including war, terrorism, health epidemics (including the outbreak of the novel Coronavirus Disease 2019 (“COVID-19”)), riot, civil insurrection or social unrest; and natural or man-made disasters, including famine, flood, fire, earthquake, storm or disease.
We are increasingly dependent on sophisticated software applications and computing infrastructure. Cyber-attacks against our IT systems could result in exposure of confidential information, the modification of critical data or the disruption of our worldwide operations, including manufacturing and sales operations.
We are increasingly dependent on sophisticated software applications, complex information technology systems, computing infrastructure and cloud service providers (collectively, “IT systems”) to conduct critical operations. Certain of these systems are managed, hosted, provided or used by third parties, including Merck, to assist in conducting our business. Disruption, degradation or manipulation of these IT systems through intentional or accidental means by our employees, third parties with authorized access or unauthorized third parties could adversely affect key business processes. Cyber-attacks against our IT systems or third-party providers’ IT systems, such as cloud-based systems, could result in exposure of confidential information, the modification of critical data and/or the failure of critical operations. Misuse of any of these IT systems could result in the disclosure of sensitive personal information or the theft of trade secrets, intellectual property or other confidential business information. We continue to leverage new and innovative technologies across the enterprise to improve the efficacy and efficiency of our business processes; the use of which can create new risks.
In 2017, Merck experienced a network cyber-attack that led to a disruption of its worldwide operations, including manufacturing, research and sales operations, and resulting losses. We could experience similar adverse effects from cyber-attacks.
We have implemented a variety of measures to further enhance and modernize our systems to guard against similar attacks in the future, and also is pursuing an enterprise-wide effort to enhance our resiliency against future cyber-attacks, including incidents similar to the 2017 Merck cyber-attack. The objective of these efforts is not only to protect against future cyber-attacks, but also to improve the speed of our recovery from such attacks and enable continued business operations to the greatest extent possible during any recovery period.
Merck has in the past, and we in the future may be, a target of events of this nature. We monitor our data, information technology and personnel usage of IT systems to reduce these risks and continue to do so on an ongoing basis for any current or potential threats. There can be no assurance that our efforts to protect our data and IT systems or the efforts of third-party providers to protect their IT systems will be successful in preventing disruptions to our operations, including our manufacturing and sales operations. Such disruptions could result in loss of revenue, or the loss of critical or sensitive information from our or our third-party providers’ databases or IT systems, or result in financial, legal, business or reputational harm to us and substantial remediation costs.
We carry insurance against certain losses resulting from cyber-attacks, but such insurance may not cover a particular event that arises or the amount of such coverage may not be sufficient to fully compensate us for losses we experience.
 
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We may experience difficulties and delays in manufacturing certain of our products.
We may experience difficulties and delays inherent in manufacturing our products, such as: failure of us or our suppliers to comply with applicable regulations and quality assurance guidelines, which failures may lead to manufacturing shutdowns, product shortages or manufacturing delays; delays related to the construction of new facilities or the expansion of existing facilities; and other manufacturing or distribution problems, including changes in manufacturing production sites and limits to manufacturing capacity resulting from regulatory requirements, changes in types of products produced and physical limitations that could impact supply. In addition, we could experience difficulties or delays in manufacturing our products caused by natural disasters, such as hurricanes. Manufacturing difficulties can result in product shortages, leading to lost sales and reputational harm to us.
The global COVID-19 pandemic is having an adverse impact on our business, operations and financial performance. We are unable to predict the full extent to which the pandemic and related impacts will continue to adversely impact our business, operations, financial performance, results of operations, and financial condition.
Our business and financial results were negatively impacted by the outbreak of COVID-19 in 2020. The continued duration and severity of the COVID-19 pandemic is uncertain, rapidly changing and difficult to predict. The degree to which COVID-19 negatively impacts our results in 2021 will depend on future developments, beyond our knowledge or control, including, but not limited to, the duration of the outbreak, its severity, the success of actions taken to contain or prevent the virus or treat its impact, and how quickly and to what extent normal economic and operating conditions can resume.
In 2020 and thus far in 2021, the COVID-19 pandemic has impacted our business and we continue to expect that it will impact our business in numerous ways, including but not limited to those outlined below. See “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations—Recent Developments.”
In 2020, the negative impact of COVID-19 to Organon Products segment sales was estimated to be approximately $400 million. A significant amount of our revenue is comprised of physician-administered products, which, despite underlying demand, have been affected by social distancing measures, fewer medical visits and delays in elective procedures. These impacts, as well as the prioritization of COVID-19 patients at health care providers, have resulted in reduced administration of many products within established brands and women’s health, in particular Nexplanon / Implanon NXT, throughout 2020. We expect that the COVID-19 pandemic will negatively affect our sales in 2021.
Despite our efforts to manage these impacts, their ultimate impact will also depend on factors beyond our knowledge or control, including the duration of the COVID-19 pandemic as well as governmental and third-party actions taken to contain or prevent its spread, treat the virus and mitigate its public health and economic effects.
We may be unable to obtain sufficient components or raw materials on a timely basis or for a cost-effective price or we may experience other supply difficulties that could adversely affect our ability to deliver our products and our results of operations and financial condition.
We acquire our components, materials and other requirements for manufacturing from many suppliers and vendors in various countries, including sometimes from ourselves for self-supplied requirements. We endeavor to achieve, either alone or working closely with our suppliers, continuity of our inputs and supplies but we cannot guarantee these efforts will always be successful. For instance, Follistim has been challenged by intermittent supply disruptions over the past several years. Further, while efforts are made to diversify certain of our sources of components and materials, in certain instances there is only a sole source or supplier with no alternatives yet identified. For many of our components and materials for which a single source or supplier is used, alternative
 
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sources or suppliers may exist, but we have made a strategic determination to use the single source or supplier. Although we do carry strategic inventory and maintain insurance to help mitigate the potential risk related to any related supply disruption, we cannot assure you that such measures will always be sufficient or effective. Our ability to achieve continuity of our supply may also be affected by public health crises and epidemics/pandemics. A reduction or interruption in supply and an inability to quickly develop acceptable alternative sources for such supply, could adversely affect our ability to manufacture and distribute our products in a timely or cost-effective manner, and our ability to sell our products.
We may not be able to realize benefits from our investments in emerging markets.
We have been taking steps to increase our sales in emerging markets. However, there is no guarantee that our efforts to expand sales in these markets will succeed. Some countries within emerging markets may be especially vulnerable to periods of global financial instability or may have very limited resources to spend on health care. In order for us to successfully implement our emerging markets strategy, we must attract and retain qualified personnel. We may also be required to increase our reliance on third-party agents within less developed markets. In addition, many of these countries have currencies that fluctuate substantially and, if such currencies devalue and we cannot offset the devaluations, our financial performance within such countries could be adversely affected.
For example, our business in China has grown rapidly in the past few years, and China is now our second largest market, thereby increasing the importance of China to our overall pharmaceutical business. Continued growth of our business in China is dependent upon ongoing development of a favorable regulatory environment, sustained access for our currently marketed products and the absence of trade impediments or adverse pricing controls. Pricing pressure in China has increased as the Chinese government has been taking steps to reduce costs, including implementing healthcare reform that has led to the acceleration of generic substitution, where available. While pricing pressure has always existed in China, health care reform has increased this pressure in part due to the acceleration of generic substitution through the government’s VBP and GQCE programs. In 2019, the government implemented the VBP program through a tendering process for products that have generic substitutes with a GQCE approval. Mature products that have entered into the first three rounds of VBP had, on average, a price reduction of 50%. We expect VBP to be a semi-annual process that will have a significant impact on mature products moving forward. In addition, we anticipate that the reported inquiries made by various governmental authorities involving multinational pharmaceutical companies in China may continue.
For all these reasons, sales within emerging markets carry significant risks. However, at the same time, macro-economic growth of selected emerging markets is expected to outpace Europe and even the U.S., leading to significant increased headcount spending in the countries and access to innovative medicines for patients. In addition, we plan to pivot in China from a primary focus on the public tender market to growth opportunities in the private retail segment. A failure to make such pivot effectively, or a failure to develop and maintain a presence in emerging markets could adversely affect our business, cash flow, results of operations, financial condition and prospects.
We are exposed to market risk from fluctuations in currency exchange rates and interest rates.
We operate in multiple jurisdictions and virtually all our sales outside the United States are denominated in currencies other than the United States dollar. Additionally, we, as part of Merck, have historically entered into, and will in the future enter into, business development transactions, borrowings or other financial transactions that may give rise to currency and interest rate exposure.
Since we cannot, with certainty, foresee and mitigate against such adverse fluctuations in currency exchange rates, interest rates and inflation could negatively affect our business, cash flow, results of operations, financial condition and prospects.
 
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In order to mitigate against the adverse impact of these market fluctuations, we, as part of Merck, may from time to time enter into hedging agreements. While hedging agreements, such as currency options and forwards and interest rate swaps, may limit some of the exposure to exchange rate and interest rate fluctuations, such attempts to mitigate these risks may be costly and not always successful.
We are subject to evolving and complex tax laws, which may result in additional liabilities that may affect results of operations and financial condition.
We are subject to evolving and complex tax laws in multiple jurisdictions. We must apply significant judgment to determine our tax liabilities, and our tax returns are periodically examined by various tax authorities. The ultimate resolution of tax matters may result in payments greater or less than the amounts we have accrued for such tax liabilities. In addition, we may be adversely affected by changes in tax laws and regulations or changes in interpretations of such laws and regulations.
Pharmaceutical products can develop unexpected safety or efficacy concerns.
Unexpected safety or efficacy concerns can arise with respect to marketed pharmaceutical products such as our products, whether or not scientifically justified, which concerns may lead to product recalls, withdrawals or declining sales, as well as product liability, consumer fraud or other claims, including potential civil or criminal governmental actions. Such incidents could have a material impact on our results of operations, cash flows and financial condition.
Reliance on third-party relationships and outsourcing arrangements could materially adversely affect our business.
We depend on third parties, including Merck and other suppliers, alliances with other pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies, and third-party service providers, for key aspects of our business including development, manufacture and commercialization of our products and support for our IT systems. In addition, in connection with the interim operating arrangements we intend to put in place following the separation, we may enter into agreements with third-parties in certain jurisdictions, including China, to continue our business operations in compliance with local regulatory requirements. Failure of these third parties to meet their contractual, regulatory and other obligations to us or the development of factors that materially disrupt the relationships between us and these third parties could adversely affect our business.
The markets for our products, including the women’s health market, may not develop successfully as expected.
Our focus on women’s health is a key component of our strategy. Our ability to successfully execute our growth strategy in this area is subject to numerous risks, both known and unknown, including:
 
 	•	 	uncertainty of the development of a market for such products;	
 
 	•	 	trends relating to, or the introduction or existence of, competing products, technologies or alternative treatments or therapies that may be more effective, safer or easier to use than our products, technologies, treatments or therapies;	
 
 	•	 	the perception of our products as compared to other products;	
 
 	•	 	recommendation and support for the use of our products or fertility treatments by influential customers, such as obstetricians, gynecologists, reproductive endocrinologists and treatment centers;	
 
 	•	 	changes in government policy or regulations could impair or repeal contraception coverage mandates under the ACA or state laws, which may affect payments to us or impose additional coverage limitations or cost-sharing obligations on our patients;	
 
 	•	 	the availability and extent of data demonstrating the clinical efficacy of our products or treatments;	
 
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 	•	 	competition, including the presence of competing products sold by companies with longer operating histories, more recognizable names and more established distribution networks; and	
 
 	•	 	other technological developments.	
If we are unable to successfully commercialize and create a significant market for our women’s health products, our business and prospects could be harmed.
Biosimilars carry unique risks and uncertainties, which could adversely affect our results of operations and financial condition.
There are unique risks and uncertainties related to biosimilars. The regulation of the testing, approval, safety, effectiveness, manufacturing, labeling and marketing of biosimilars are subject to regulation by the FDA, the EMA and other regulatory bodies. These laws and regulations differ from, and are not as well-established as, those governing pharmaceutical products or the approval of generic pharmaceutical products. In addition, manufacturing biosimilars, especially in large quantities, is often complex and may require the use of innovative technologies to handle living cells and micro-organisms. Any changes to the regulatory framework governing biosimilars or in the ability of our partners to manufacture an adequate supply of biosimilars may adversely affect our ability to commercialize the biosimilars in our portfolio.
We rely on our collaboration with Samsung Bioepis for the successful development and manufacture of our biosimilars products and expect to do so for the foreseeable future.
Our current biosimilars portfolio consists entirely of products developed and manufactured by Samsung Bioepis for which we have worldwide commercialization rights, with certain geographic exceptions specified on a product-by-product basis. Our access rights to each product under our agreement with Samsung Bioepis last for 10 years from each such product’s launch date on a market-by-market basis. See “Business—Third-Party Agreements—Samsung Bioepis Development and Commercialization Agreement.” Our ability to successfully commercialize products in our biosimilars portfolio may depend upon maintaining a successful relationship with Samsung Bioepis. The success of our commercialization activities may also depend, in part, on the performance, operations and regulatory compliance of Samsung Bioepis and its suppliers, over which we do not have control. We cannot assure you that our collaboration will be successful or that we will achieve the benefits of our collaboration.
Product liability insurance for products may be limited, cost prohibitive or unavailable.
We will be responsible for a number of ongoing product liability claims. We also may become subject to significant product liability claims in the future. Product liability insurance has become less available in recent years while the cost of such insurance has increased significantly. As a result, we intend to self-insure substantially all of our risk. We have evaluated our risks and have determined that the cost of obtaining product liability insurance outweighs the likely benefits of the coverage that is available and, as such, we have no external insurance with respect to most product liabilities. We will continually assess the most efficient means to address our risk; however, there can be no guarantee that, if deemed necessary or desirable, outside insurance coverage will be obtained or, if obtained, will be sufficient to fully cover product liabilities that may arise.
Social media platforms present risks and challenges.
The inappropriate and/or unauthorized use of certain social media channels could cause brand damage or information leakage or could lead to legal implications, including from the improper collection and/or dissemination of personally identifiable information. In addition, negative or inaccurate posts or comments about us or our products on any social networking platforms could damage our reputation, brand image and goodwill. Further, the disclosure of non-public sensitive information by our workforce or others through external media channels could lead to information loss. Although we have an internal Social Media Policy that guides employees on appropriate personal and professional use of social media about us, the processes in place may not completely secure and protect information. Identifying new points of entry as social media continues to expand also presents new challenges.
 
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Risks Related to the Separation and Distribution
As we build our information technology infrastructure and transition our data to our own systems, we could incur substantial additional costs and experience temporary business interruptions.
In connection with the separation, we have begun to install and implement information technology infrastructure to support our critical business functions, including accounting and reporting, manufacturing process control, quality and compliance systems, customer service, inventory control and distribution. We may incur temporary interruptions in business operations if we cannot transition effectively from Merck’s existing transactional and operational systems, data centers and the transition services that support these functions as we replace these systems. We may not be successful in implementing our new systems and transitioning our data, and we may incur substantially higher costs for implementation than currently anticipated. Our failure to avoid operational interruptions as we implement the new systems and replace Merck’s information technology services, or our failure to implement the new systems and replace Merck’s services successfully, could disrupt our business or adversely affect our results of operations. In addition, if we are unable to replicate or transition certain systems, our ability to comply with regulatory requirements could be impaired.
The separation may adversely affect our ability to attract and retain key personnel, which could materially harm our business.
Operating as an independent public company will result in new and increased demands on our management team and other employees coming from Merck, which may give rise to increased employee turnover. Our success depends in large part upon continuing leadership and performance of our management team and other key employees. If we lose the services of members of our management team or other key employees, we may not be able to successfully manage our business or achieve our business objectives.
Following the separation, we will need to continue to attract and retain highly qualified scientific, technical and management personnel, as well as personnel with expertise in governmental regulation and commercialization. Our ability to attract, recruit and retain such talent will depend on a number of factors, including the hiring practices of our competitors, our compensation and benefits, work location and work environment and economic conditions affecting our industry generally. We cannot be sure that we will be able to attract and retain quality personnel or that the costs of doing so will not materially increase. If we cannot effectively hire and retain qualified employees, our business, results of operations and prospects could suffer.
Merck may not satisfy its obligations under various transaction agreements that have been or will be executed as part of the separation or we may not have necessary systems and services in place when certain of the transition agreements expire.
In connection with the separation, Organon and Merck will enter into a separation and distribution agreement and will enter into various other agreements, including one or more transition services agreements, manufacturing and supply agreements, trademark license agreements, intellectual property license agreements, an employee matters agreement, a tax matters agreement and certain other commercial or operating agreements. These agreements are discussed in greater detail in the section entitled “Certain Relationships and Related Party Transactions.” Certain of these agreements will provide for the performance of services by each company for the benefit of the other for a period of time after the distribution. We will rely on Merck to satisfy its performance and payment obligations under these agreements. If Merck is unable to satisfy its obligations under these agreements, including its indemnification obligations, we could experience operational difficulties or losses.
If we do not have our own systems and services in place, or if we do not have agreements with other providers of these services when these agreements terminate, we may not be able to operate our business effectively and our profitability may decline. We are in the process of creating our own, or engaging third parties to provide, systems and services to replace many of the systems and services Merck currently provides to us. We may not be successful in effectively or efficiently implementing these systems and services or in transitioning data from Merck’s systems to ours. These systems and services may also be more expensive or less efficient than the systems and services Merck is expected to provide during the transition period.
 
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Potential indemnification liabilities to Merck pursuant to the separation and distribution agreement could adversely affect us.
The separation and distribution agreement with Merck covers, among other things, the principal corporate transactions required to effect the separation, certain conditions to the distribution, and provisions governing the relationship between Merck and us with respect to and resulting from the separation. For a description of the separation and distribution agreement, see “Certain Relationships and Related Party Transactions—Agreements with Merck—The Separation and Distribution Agreement,” which includes additional details regarding the scope of our indemnification obligations. Among other things, the separation and distribution agreement provides for indemnification obligations designed to make us financially responsible for many liabilities that may exist relating to our business activities, whether incurred prior to or after the distribution pursuant to the separation and distribution agreement, including any pending or future litigation. These liabilities, which could be material to us, include a general obligation to indemnify Merck for litigation relating to our products, including currently pending litigation relating to Fosamax, Nexplanon / Implanon NXT and Propecia / Proscar. However, we will not be liable for the results of the antitrust litigation related to Zetia or the product liability litigation in Brazil related to Vioxx. For a description of the related legal proceedings, see Note 10 to our audited annual combined financial statements. These indemnification liabilities are intended to ensure that, as between Merck and us, we are responsible for all liabilities we assume in connection with the separation and that we pay for any liability incurred by Merck (including directors, officers, employees and agents) related to our failure to satisfy such obligations or otherwise in respect of the operation of our business, or any breach by us of the separation and distribution agreement or any ancillary agreement. Our indemnity obligations to Merck under the circumstances set forth in the separation and distribution agreement may be substantial.
There could be significant income tax liability if the Spin-off or certain related transactions are determined to be taxable for U.S. federal income tax purposes.
Merck expects that, prior to completion of the Spin-off, it will receive the Tax Opinions from the Tax Advisors that are expected to conclude, among other things, that the distribution of all of the outstanding Organon shares to Merck shareholders and certain related transactions will qualify as tax-free to Merck and its shareholders under Sections 355 and 368 of the U.S. Internal Revenue Code, except to the extent of any cash received in lieu of fractional shares of Organon common stock. The Tax Opinions are not binding on the Internal Revenue Service (“IRS”). Accordingly, while Merck believes the risk is low, the IRS may reach conclusions with respect to the Spin-off that are different from the conclusions reached in the Tax Opinions. The Tax Opinions will rely on certain facts, assumptions, representations and undertakings from Merck and Organon regarding the past and future conduct of the companies’ respective businesses and other matters, which, if incomplete, incorrect or not satisfied, could alter the conclusions of the party giving such Tax Opinion.
If the proposed Spin-off is ultimately determined to be taxable, the Spin-off could be treated as a taxable dividend to Merck’s shareholders for U.S. federal income tax purposes, and Merck’s shareholders could incur significant U.S. federal income tax liabilities. In addition, Merck would recognize a taxable gain to the extent that the fair market value of Organon common stock exceeds Merck’s tax basis in such stock on the date of the Spin-off. Each of Merck and Organon generally will be responsible for any tax-related losses imposed on Merck or Organon as a result of the failure of a transaction to qualify for tax-free treatment, to the extent that the failure to so qualify is attributable to actions, events or transactions relating to Merck’s or Organon’s respective stock, assets or business, or a breach of the relevant covenants made by Merck or Organon in the tax matters agreement. For a further description of the sharing of such liabilities between Merck and Organon, see “Certain Relationships and Related Party Transactions—Agreements with Merck—Tax Matters Agreement.”
We will not be able to engage in certain corporate transactions after the separation.
To preserve the tax-free treatment to Merck of the separation and the distribution, under the tax matters agreement that we will enter into with Merck, we will be restricted from taking any action that prevents the distribution and related transactions from being tax-free for U.S. federal income tax purposes. In particular, under
 
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the tax matters agreement, for the two-year period following the distribution, it is expected that we will be prohibited, except in certain circumstances, from, among other things:
 
 	•	 	entering into any transaction resulting in the acquisition of above a certain percentage of our stock or substantially all of our assets, whether by merger or otherwise;	
 
 	•	 	merging, consolidating, or liquidating;	
 
 	•	 	sales or transfers of our assets beyond certain thresholds;	
 
 	•	 	issuing equity securities beyond certain thresholds;	
 
 	•	 	repurchasing our capital stock;	
 
 	•	 	amending our organizational documents in certain respects;	
 
 	•	 	ceasing to actively conduct certain businesses or causing our applicable affiliates to cease to actively conduct certain of their businesses; and	
 
 	•	 	taking or failing to take any action that prevents the distribution and related transactions from being tax-free.	
These restrictions may limit our ability to pursue certain strategic transactions or other transactions that we may believe to be in the best interests of our shareholders or that might increase the value of our business. In addition, under the tax matters agreement, we will be required to indemnify Merck against any tax liabilities as a result of such actions, even if we did not participate in or otherwise facilitate such actions. In the event the spin-off failed to be tax-free as a result of such actions, our indemnity obligation for Merck’s tax liability under the tax matters agreement would be substantial and could materially affect our cash flow.
After the distribution, certain of our executive officers and directors may have actual or potential conflicts of interest because of their previous positions at Merck.
Because of their current or former positions with Merck, certain of our initial post-distribution executive officers and directors are expected to own shares of Merck common stock and may continue to participate in certain Merck benefit programs. Following the distribution, even though our Board of Directors will consist of a majority of directors who are independent, and our expected executive officers who are currently employees of Merck will cease to be employees of Merck, some Organon executive officers and directors will continue to have financial interests in Merck. Continuing ownership of Merck common stock and continued participation in Merck benefit programs could create, or appear to create, potential conflicts of interest if Organon and Merck pursue the same corporate opportunities or face decisions that could have different implications for us and Merck.
We may not achieve some or all of the expected benefits of the separation, and the separation may adversely affect our business.
The separation and distribution is expected to provide strategic and financial benefits to Organon, but such benefits may be delayed or not be realized at all or to the extent expected for a variety of reasons, including:
 
 	•	 	the separation will require significant amounts of management’s time and effort, which may divert management’s attention from operating and growing our business;	
 
 	•	 	the separation will require us to implement interim operational arrangements in certain key markets, including China, to comply with existing regulatory and local manufacturing policies, which may introduce additional complexity to our business than if we were still part of Merck;	
 
 	•	 	following the separation, we may be more susceptible to market fluctuations and other adverse events than if we were still a part of Merck;	
 
 	•	 	following the separation, our business will be less diversified than Merck’s business prior to the separation; and	
 
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 	•	 	the other actions required to separate Merck’s and our respective businesses could disrupt our operations.	
If we fail to achieve some or all of the benefits expected to result from the separation, or if such benefits are delayed, our business, financial condition, and results of operations could be adversely affected.
We may have been able to receive better terms from unaffiliated third parties than the terms we will receive in our agreements with Merck.
The agreements we will enter into with Merck in connection with the separation, including one or more transition services agreements, manufacturing and supply agreements, trademark license agreements, intellectual property license agreements, an employee matters agreement, a tax matters agreement and certain other commercial agreements, were prepared in the context of the separation while we were still a wholly owned subsidiary of Merck. Accordingly, during the period in which the terms of those agreements were prepared, we did not have an independent board of directors or a management team that was independent of Merck.
After the distribution, we will have indebtedness, which could restrict our ability to pay dividends and adversely affect our financing options and liquidity position.
Prior to completion of the distribution, the Board of Directors of Organon will adopt a policy with respect to the payment of dividends on Organon common stock following the distribution. Organon currently expects that it will pay regular cash dividends. However, we expect to have a total indebtedness of approximately $9.5 billion, consisting of term loans and 144A senior notes with such aggregate principal amount that we intend to enter into prior to the distribution. Approximately $         of such amount will be incurred to pay a distribution to Merck, with the remaining net proceeds intended to be used for general corporate purposes. We may also incur additional indebtedness in the future, including to fund future acquisitions. Our current or future indebtedness may in the future impose restrictions on us that could have material adverse consequences by:
 
 	•	 	limiting our ability to obtain additional financing in the future for working capital, capital expenditures and acquisitions;	
 
 	•	 	limiting our ability to refinance our indebtedness on terms acceptable to us or at all;	
 
 	•	 	imposing restrictive covenants on our operations;	
 
 	•	 	requiring us to dedicate a significant portion of our cash flows from operations to paying the principal of and interest on our indebtedness, thereby reducing funds available for other corporate purposes; and	
 
 	•	 	making us more vulnerable to economic downturns and limiting our ability to withstand competitive pressures. See “Description of Material Indebtedness.”	
Challenges in the commercial and credit environment may adversely affect our ability to complete the separation and our future access to capital.
Our ability to issue debt or enter into other financing arrangements on acceptable terms could be adversely affected if there is a material decline in the demand for our products or in the solvency of our customers or suppliers or other significantly unfavorable changes in economic conditions. Volatility in the world financial markets could increase borrowing costs or affect our ability to access the capital markets. These conditions may adversely affect our ability to obtain and maintain our credit ratings prior to and following the distribution.
Risks Related to Our Common Stock
We cannot be certain that an active trading market for our common stock will develop or be sustained after the distribution, and following the distribution, our stock price may fluctuate significantly.
A public market for our common stock does not currently exist. We anticipate that on or prior to the record date for the distribution, trading of shares of our common stock will begin on a “when-issued” basis and will
 
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continue until the time of the distribution. We cannot predict the prices at which shares of our common stock may trade after the distribution, the liquidity of the market for our common stock after the distribution, the effect of the separation and distribution on the trading prices of our common stock or whether the combined market value of the shares of our common stock and the shares of Merck common stock will be less than, equal to or greater than the market value of Merck’s common stock prior to the distribution.
The market price of our common stock may fluctuate significantly due to a number of factors, some of which may be beyond our control, including:
 
 	•	 	actual or anticipated fluctuations in our operating results;	
 
 	•	 	changes in earnings estimated by securities analysts or our ability to meet those estimates;	
 
 	•	 	the operating and stock price performance of comparable companies;	
 
 	•	 	changes to the regulatory and legal environment under which we operate; and	
 
 	•	 	domestic and worldwide economic conditions.	
Shareholders often institute securities class action lawsuits when the market price of a public company’s common stock drops significantly, which lawsuits could result in substantial costs to us and could divert the time and attention of our management and other resources.
Shares of our common stock are or will be eligible for future sale, and substantial sales of such shares may cause the price of our common stock to decline.
Any sales of substantial amounts of our common stock in the public market or the perception that such sales might occur, in connection with the distribution or otherwise, may cause the market price of our common stock to decline. We are unable to predict whether large amounts of our common stock will be sold in the open market following the distribution. Dispositions of significant amounts of our common stock or the perception in the market that this will occur may result in the lowering of the market price of our common stock.
We cannot guarantee the timing, amount or payment of any dividends on our common stock.
Prior to completion of the distribution, our Board of Directors will adopt a dividend policy with respect to the payment of dividends on our common stock following the distribution. We currently expect that we will pay regular cash dividends following the distribution. The timing, declaration, amount and payment of any future dividends to shareholders will fall within the discretion of our Board of Directors. The Board of Directors’ initial and future decisions regarding the payment of dividends will depend on many factors, such as our financial condition, earnings, corporate strategy, capital requirements, debt service obligations, industry practice, legal requirements, regulatory constraints, and other factors that the Board deems relevant. For more information, see “Dividend Policy.” Our ability to pay any dividends will depend on our ongoing ability to generate cash from operations and access capital markets. We cannot guarantee that we will pay any dividends in the future or continue to pay any dividend if we commence paying dividends.
Certain provisions in our amended and restated certificate of incorporation and bylaws, and of Delaware law, may prevent or delay an acquisition of us, which could decrease the trading price of our common stock.
We are a Delaware corporation and our amended and restated certificate of incorporation and bylaws will contain, and Delaware law contains, provisions that are intended to deter coercive takeover practices and inadequate takeover bids by making such practices or bids unacceptably expensive to the bidder and to encourage prospective acquirors to negotiate with our Board of Directors rather than to attempt a hostile takeover.
Specifically, because we have not chosen to be exempt from Section 203 of the Delaware General Corporation Law, this provision could also delay or prevent a change of control that shareholders may favor.
 
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Section 203 provides that, subject to limited exceptions, persons that acquire, or are affiliated with a person that acquires, more than 15% of the outstanding voting stock of a Delaware corporation shall not engage in any business combination with that corporation, including by merger, consolidation or acquisitions of additional shares, for a three-year period following the date on which that person or their affiliates becomes the holder of more than 15% of the corporation’s outstanding voting stock.
In addition, our amended and restated certificate of incorporation and bylaws will include additional provisions that may have anti-takeover effects and may delay, deter or prevent a takeover attempt that our shareholders might consider in their best interests. For example, our amended and restated certificate of incorporation and bylaws will:
 
 	•	 	permit our Board of Directors to issue one or more series of preferred stock with such powers, rights and preferences as the Board of Directors shall determine;	
 
 	•	 	subject to a three-year sunset starting with our first annual meeting of shareholders, provide for a classified Board of Directors, with each class serving a staggered three-year term, which could have the effect of making the replacement of incumbent directors more time consuming and difficult;	
 
 	•	 	provide that, as long as our Board of Directors is classified, our directors can be removed for cause only;	
 
 	•	 	prohibit shareholder action by written consent;	
 
 	•	 	provide that special meetings of shareholders can be called only by the Board of Directors;	
 
 	•	 	provide that vacancies on the Board of Directors could be filled only by a majority vote of directors then in office, even if less than a quorum, or by a sole remaining director;	
 
 	•	 	establish advance notice requirements for shareholder proposals and nominations of candidates for election as directors.	
For additional details, see “Description of Capital Stock—Anti-Takeover Effects of Various Provisions of DGCL and our Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation and Bylaws” for a further description of certain of these provisions.
We believe these provisions will protect our shareholders from coercive or otherwise unfair takeover tactics by requiring potential acquirors to negotiate with our Board of Directors and by providing our Board of Directors with more time to assess any acquisition proposal. These provisions are not intended to make us immune from takeovers. However, these provisions will apply even if the offer may be considered beneficial by some shareholders and could delay or prevent an acquisition that our Board of Directors determines is not in the best interests of us and our shareholders. These provisions may also prevent or discourage attempts to remove and replace incumbent directors. In addition, these limitations may adversely affect the prevailing market price and market for our common stock if they are viewed as limiting the liquidity of our stock or discouraging takeover attempts in the future.
Certain of the agreements that we will enter into with Merck will require Merck’s consent to any assignment by us of our rights and obligations under the agreements. The consent and termination rights set forth in these agreements might discourage, delay or prevent a change of control that shareholders may consider favorable. See “—We may not be able to engage in certain corporate transactions after the separation,” “Certain Relationships and Related Party Transactions” and “Description of Capital Stock—Anti-Takeover Effects of Various Provisions of DGCL and our Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation and Bylaws” for a more detailed description of these agreements and provisions.
In addition, an acquisition or further issuance of our stock could trigger the application of Section 355(e) of the Code. See “Risks Related to the Separation and Distribution—There could be significant income tax liability if the Spin-off or certain related transactions are determined to be taxable for U.S. federal income tax purposes”
 
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and “Material U.S. Federal Income Tax Consequences.” Under the tax matters agreement, we would be required to indemnify Merck for the resulting taxes, and this indemnity obligation might discourage, delay or prevent a change of control that shareholders may consider favorable.
Our amended and restated bylaws will designate the Court of Chancery of the State of Delaware as the sole and exclusive forum for certain types of actions and proceedings that may be initiated by our shareholders, and the United States federal district courts as the exclusive forum for claims under the Securities Act, which could limit our shareholders’ ability to obtain what such shareholders believe to be a favorable judicial forum for disputes with us or our directors, officers or employees.
Our amended and restated bylaws will provide that, unless we select or consent to the selection, in writing, of an alternative forum, all internal corporate claims, which include claims in the right of our company (i) that are based upon a violation of a duty by a current or former director, officer, employee or shareholder in such capacity or (ii) as to which the DGCL confers jurisdiction upon the Court of Chancery, shall, to the fullest extent permitted by law, be exclusively brought in the Court of Chancery of the State of Delaware or, if such court does not have jurisdiction, another state court or a federal court located within the State of Delaware. Furthermore, unless we select or consent to the selection of an alternative forum, the federal district courts of the United States of America shall be the exclusive forum for the resolution of any complaint asserting a cause of action arising under the Securities Act. Our exclusive forum provision will not apply to suits brought to enforce any liability or duty created by the Exchange Act, and investors cannot waive compliance with the federal securities laws and the rules and regulations thereunder. These exclusive provisions may limit a shareholder’s ability to bring a claim in a judicial forum that he, she or it believes to be favorable for disputes with us or our directors, officers or other employees, which may discourage such lawsuits. It is possible that a court could find these exclusive forum provisions inapplicable or unenforceable with respect to one or more of the specified types of actions or proceedings, and we may incur additional costs associated with resolving such matters in other jurisdictions, which could materially adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations and result in a diversion of the time and resources of our management and board of directors.
 
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Cautionary Statement Concerning Forward-Looking Statements
This information statement contains “forward-looking statements.” Forward-looking statements may be identified by words such as “expects,” “intends,” “anticipates,” “plans,” “believes,” “seeks,” “estimates,” “will” or words of similar meaning. Examples of forward-looking statements include, but are not limited to, statements regarding the outlook for our future business and financial performance, such as those contained in “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations—Trends Affecting our Results of Operations.” Forward-looking statements are based on management’s current expectations and assumptions, and are subject to inherent uncertainties, risks and changes in circumstances that are difficult to predict. As a result, actual results could differ materially from those indicated in these forward-looking statements. Factors that could cause actual results to differ materially include global political, economic, business, competitive, market, regulatory and other factors and risks, such as:
 
 	•	 	difficulties in operating as an independent company;	
 
 	•	 	costs and temporary business interruptions related to the separation;	
 
 	•	 	competition from generic and/or biosimilar products as our products lose patent protection;	
 
 	•	 	expanded competition in the women’s health market;	
 
 	•	 	difficulties with performance of third parties we will rely on for our business growth;	
 
 	•	 	difficulties developing and sustaining relationships with commercial counterparties;	
 
 	•	 	increased “brand” competition in therapeutic areas important to our long-term business performance;	
 
 	•	 	expiration of current patents or loss of patent protection for our products;	
 
 	•	 	difficulties and uncertainties inherent in the implementation of our acquisition strategy;	
 
 	•	 	pricing pressures, both in the United States and abroad, including rules and practices of managed care groups, judicial decisions and governmental laws and regulations related to Medicare, Medicaid and health care reform, pharmaceutical reimbursement and pricing in general;	
 
 	•	 	the impact of the global COVID-19 pandemic and any future pandemic, epidemic, or similar public health threat, on our business, operations and financial performance;	
 
 	•	 	changes in government laws and regulations, including laws governing intellectual property, and the enforcement thereof affecting our business;	
 
 	•	 	efficacy or safety concerns with respect to marketed products, whether or not scientifically justified, leading to product recalls, withdrawals or declining sales;	
 
 	•	 	future actions of third-parties including significant changes in customer relationships or changes in the behavior and spending patterns of purchasers of health care products and services, including delaying medical procedures, rationing prescription medications, reducing the frequency of physician visits and forgoing health care insurance coverage;	
 
 	•	 	loss of key employees or inability to identify and recruit new employees;	
 
 	•	 	legal factors, including product liability claims, antitrust litigation and governmental investigations, including tax disputes, environmental concerns and patent disputes with branded and generic competitors, any of which could preclude commercialization of products or negatively affect the profitability of existing products;	
 
 	•	 	cyber-attacks on our or third-party providers’ information technology systems, which could disrupt our operations;	
 
 	•	 	lost market opportunity resulting from delays and uncertainties in the approval process of the FDA and foreign regulatory authorities;	
 
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 	•	 	increased focus on privacy issues in countries around the world, including the United States and the EU and a more difficult legislative and regulatory landscape for privacy and data protection that continues to evolve, and there has been an increasing amount of focus on privacy and data protection issues with the potential to affect directly our business, including recently enacted laws in a majority of states in the United States requiring security breach notification;	
 
 	•	 	changes in tax laws including changes related to the taxation of foreign earnings;	
 
 	•	 	changes in accounting pronouncements promulgated by standard-setting or regulatory bodies, including the Financial Accounting Standards Board and the SEC, that are adverse to us; and	
 
 	•	 	economic factors over which we have no control, including changes in inflation, interest rates and foreign currency exchange rates.	
This list should not be considered an exhaustive statement of all potential risks and uncertainties. See “Risk Factors” for a further description of these and other factors. For the reasons described above, we caution you against relying on any forward-looking statements, which should also be read in conjunction with the other cautionary statements that are included elsewhere in this information statement, including in “Risk Factors.” Further, any forward-looking statement speaks only as of the date on which it is made, and we undertake no obligation to update or revise any forward-looking statement to reflect events or circumstances after the date on which the statement is made or to reflect the occurrence of unanticipated events, except as otherwise may be required by law.
 
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Dividend Policy
We currently expect that we will pay regular cash dividends following the distribution. We expect our targeted dividend payout to be in the low 20s as a percentage of post-separation Adjusted Net Income. The timing, declaration, amount of, and payment of any dividends following the separation by Organon is within the discretion of its Board of Directors and will depend upon many factors, including Organon’s financial condition, earnings, corporate strategy, capital requirements of its operating subsidiaries, covenants associated with certain of Organon’s debt service obligations, legal requirements, regulatory constraints, industry practice, ability to access capital markets, and other factors deemed relevant by Organon’s Board of Directors.
Capitalization
Set forth below is our capitalization at December 31, 2020, on a historical and a pro forma basis, which reflects the adjustments described in the notes to the unaudited pro forma financial information included elsewhere in this information statement. You should read this information in conjunction with those notes, as well as “Unaudited Pro Forma Financial Information,” “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” and our audited annual combined financial statements and the related notes, each included elsewhere in this information statement.

	($ in millions)	  	Historical	 	 	Pro Forma	 	
Assets:	  				 					
Cash and cash equivalents	  	$	70	 	 	$	500	 		
	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 		
Liabilities:	  				 					
144A Senior Notes	  	$	—  	 	 	$	5,588	 		
Term Loans	  	 	—  	 	 	 	3,892	 		
Shareholders’ Equity:	  				 					
Net investment from Parent	  	 	6,108	 	 	 	—  	 		
Accumulated deficit	  	 	—  	 	 	 	(216	) 		
Accumulated other comprehensive loss	  	 	(622	) 	 	 	(604	) 		
	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 		
Total Capitalization	  	$	5,486	 	 	$	8,660	 		

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Unaudited Pro Forma Financial Information
On                 , 2021, the board of directors of Merck & Co., Inc. approved the spin-off of its women’s health, biosimilars and established brands businesses into a new, publicly traded company, Organon & Co. The spin-off will be effected through a distribution of shares of Organon common stock to the Merck shareholders.
The following unaudited pro forma condensed combined financial statements of Organon give effect to the Separation and related adjustments in accordance with Article 11 of the Securities and Exchange Commission’s Regulation S-X. In May 2020, the SEC adopted Release No.33-10786 “Amendments to Financial Disclosures about Acquired and Disposed Businesses,” or the Final Rule. The Final Rule is effective on January 1, 2021 and the unaudited pro forma condensed combined financial information herein is presented in accordance therewith.
The unaudited condensed combined pro forma balance sheet gives effect to the Separation and related transactions described below as if they had occurred on December 31, 2020. The unaudited pro forma adjustments to the condensed combined statement of income for the year ended December 31, 2020 assume that the Separation and related transactions occurred as of January 1, 2020.
The unaudited pro forma condensed combined statement of income for the years ended December 31, 2020, 2019 and 2018 has been derived from the audited historical combined statement of income of Organon for the years ended December 31, 2020, 2019 and 2018. The unaudited pro forma condensed combined balance sheet as of December 31, 2020 has been derived from the audited historical combined balance sheet of Organon as of December 31, 2020.
The unaudited pro forma condensed combined statement of income for fiscal years 2019 and 2018 has been adjusted to give effect to the impact of removing Merck Retained Products. See Note (a) to the unaudited pro forma financial information below.
The unaudited pro forma condensed combined statement of income for the year ended December 31, 2020 and the unaudited pro forma condensed combined balance sheet as of December 31, 2020 have been prepared to reflect adjustments to Organon’s historical combined financial information for the following transaction and autonomous entity adjustments:
 
 	•	 	the removal of Merck Retained Products (see Note (a)) included in Organon’s historical financial statements but retained by Merck;	
 
 	•	 	the issuance of $9.5 billion of debt at an interest rate of 3.8%;	
 
 	•	 	the adjustment for differences between Organon’s historical combined balance sheet prepared on a carve-out basis and assets and liabilities expected to be contributed by Merck to Organon;	
 
 	•	 	the issuance of approximately                shares of Organon’s common stock as part of the spin-off;	
 
 	•	 	the incremental costs Organon expects to incur as an autonomous entity;	
 
 	•	 	the one-time expenses associated with separation of Organon; and	
 
 	•	 	the impact of the separation and distribution agreement, the tax matters agreement, transition services agreements, interim operating agreements, the employee matters agreement, manufacturing and supply agreements and other commercial agreements between Organon and Merck and the provisions contained therein.	
The unaudited pro forma financial information is for informational purposes only and does not purport to represent what Organon’s financial position and results of operations actually would have been had the Separation and Distribution occurred on the dates indicated, or to project Organon’s financial performance for any future period. The audited annual combined financial statements of Organon have been derived from
 
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Merck’s historical accounting records and reflect certain allocation of expenses. All of the allocations and estimates in such financial statements are based on assumptions that Merck’s management believes are reasonable. The historical combined financial statements of Organon do not necessarily represent the financial position or results of operations of Organon had it been operated as a standalone company during the periods or at the dates presented. As a result, autonomous entity adjustments have been reflected in the pro forma condensed combined financial information.
The unaudited pro forma condensed combined financial information reported below should be read in conjunction with Organon’s “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations,” the audited annual combined financial statements and the corresponding notes included elsewhere in this information statement.
Unaudited Pro Forma Condensed Combined Statement of Income

 	  	Year ended December 31, 2020	 		
 	  	 	 	  	Transaction Accounting
Adjustments	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 		
	($ in millions except per share data)	  	Historical	 	  	Business
Retained
by Merck(a)	 	 	Other
Adjustments	 	 	 	 	 	Autonomous
Entity
Adjustments	 	 	 	 	 	Pro
Forma	 	
Sales	  	$	8,096		  	$	(1,564	) 	 	$	—  		 				 	$	75		 	 	(c 	) 	 	$	6,607			
	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 				 	 	 	 	 				 	 	 	 		
Costs, Expenses and Other	  				  				 				 				 				 				 					
Cost of sales	  	 	3,347		  	 	(1,228	) 	 	 	—  	 	 				 	 	197		 	 	(c),(l) 	 	 	 	2,316			
Selling, general and administrative	  	 	1,666		  	 	(310	) 	 	 	5		 	 	(i 	) 	 	 	361		 	 	(l) 	 	 	 	1,722			
Research and development	  	 	304		  	 	(94	) 	 	 	—  	 	 				 	 	105		 	 	(l 	) 	 	 	315			
Restructuring costs	  	 	70		  	 	(10	) 	 	 	—  	 	 				 	 	(57	) 	 	 	(l 	) 	 	 	3			
Other (income) expense, net	  	 	29		  	 	6		 	 	379		 	 	(b 	),(o) 	 	 	22		 	 	(l 	) 	 	 	436			
	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 				 	 	 	 	 				 	 	 	 		
	  	 	5,416		  	 	(1,636	) 	 	 	384		 				 	 	628		 				 	 	4,792			
	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 				 	 	 	 	 				 	 	 	 		
Income from Continuing Operations Before Taxes	  	 	2,680		  	 	72		 	 	(384	) 	 				 	 	(553	) 	 				 	 	1,815			
Taxes on Income	  	 	520		  	 	(24	) 	 	 	(81	) 	 	 	(e 	) 	 	 	(100	) 	 	 	(e) 	 	 	 	315			
	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 				 	 	 	 	 				 	 	 	 		
Net Income from Continuing Operations	  	$	2,160		  	$	96		 	$	(303	) 	 				 	$	(453	) 	 				 	$	1,500			
	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 				 	 	 	 	 				 	 	 	 		
Basic Earnings per Common Share from Continuing Operations	  				  				 				 				 				 	 	(f) 	 	 					
Diluted Earnings per Common Share from Continuing Operations	  				  				 				 				 				 	 	(g) 	 	 					
Weighted-average common shares outstanding	  				  				 				 				 				 				 					
Basic	  				  				 				 				 				 	 	(f) 	 	 					
Diluted	  				  				 				 				 				 	 	(g) 	 	 					
See accompanying notes to unaudited pro forma financial information.
 
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Unaudited Pro Forma Condensed Combined Statement of Income

 	  	Year ended December 31, 2019	 		
	($ in millions)	  	Historical	 	  	Business
Retained by
Merck(a)	 	  	Pro Forma	 	
Sales	  	$	9,530		  	$	(1,753	) 	  	$	7,777			
	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 		
Costs, Expenses and Other	  				  				  					
Cost of sales	  	 	3,621		  	 	(1,347	) 	  	 	2,274			
Selling, general and administrative	  	 	1,922		  	 	(479	) 	  	 	1,443			
Research and development	  	 	332		  	 	(112	) 	  	 	220			
Restructuring costs	  	 	101		  	 	(23	) 	  	 	78			
Other (income) expense, net	  	 	(1	) 	  	 	67		  	 	66			
	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 		
	  	 	5,975		  	 	(1,894	) 	  	 	4,081			
	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 		
Income from Continuing Operations Before Taxes	  	 	3,555		  	 	141		  	 	3,696			
Taxes on Income	  	 	337		  	 	53		  	 	390			
	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 		
Net Income from Continuing Operations	  	$	3,218		  	$	88		  	$	3,306			
	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 		
See accompanying notes to unaudited pro forma financial information.
Unaudited Pro Forma Condensed Combined Statement of Income

 	  	Year ended December 31, 2018	 		
	($ in millions)	  	Historical	 	  	Business
Retained by
Merck(a)	 	  	Pro Forma	 	
Sales	  	$	9,777		  	$	(1,485	) 	  	$	8,292			
	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 		
Costs, Expenses and Other	  				  				  					
Cost of sales	  	 	4,693		  	 	(1,152	) 	  	 	3,541			
Selling, general and administrative	  	 	2,013		  	 	(446	) 	  	 	1,567			
Research and development	  	 	365		  	 	(103	) 	  	 	262			
Restructuring costs	  	 	119		  	 	(11	) 	  	 	108			
Other (income) expense, net	  	 	(142	) 	  	 	91		  	 	(51	) 		
	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 		
	  	 	7,048		  	 	(1,621	) 	  	 	5,427			
	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 		
Income from Continuing Operations Before Taxes	  	 	2,729		  	 	136		  	 	2,865			
Taxes on Income	  	 	576		  	 	4		  	 	580			
	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 		
Net Income from Continuing Operations	  	$	2,153		  	$	132		  	$	2,285			
	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 		
See accompanying notes to unaudited pro forma financial information.
 
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Unaudited Pro Forma Condensed Combined Balance Sheet

 	 	 	 	 	As of December 31, 2020	 		
 	 	 	 	 	Transaction Accounting
Adjustments	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 		
	($ in millions)	 	Historical	 	 	Business
Retained by
Merck(a)	 	 	Other
Adjustments	 	 	 	 	Autonomous
Entity
Adjustments	 	 	 	 	Pro Forma	 	
Assets	 				 				 				 		 				 		 					
Current Assets	 				 				 				 		 				 		 					
Cash and cash equivalents	 	$	70		 	$	(58	) 	 	$	488		 	(h) 	 	$	—  	 	 		 	$	500			
Accounts receivable (net of allowance for doubtful accounts of $18)	 	 	1,360		 	 	(322	) 	 	 	54		 	(j) 	 	 	—  	 	 		 	 	1,092			
Inventories (excludes inventories of $127 classified in Other assets)	 	 	971		 	 	(58	) 	 	 	—  	 	 		 	 	—  	 	 		 	 	913			
Other current assets	 	 	977		 	 	(47	) 	 	 	—  	 	 		 	 	(1	) 	 	(k) 	 	 	929			
	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 		 	 	 	 	 		 	 	 	 		
Total current assets	 	 	3,378		 	 	(485	) 	 	 	542		 		 	 	(1	) 	 		 	 	3,434			
	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 		 	 	 	 	 		 	 	 	 		
Property, Plant and Equipment (at cost)	 				 				 				 		 				 		 					
Land	 	 	15		 	 	(1	) 	 	 	—  	 	 		 	 	—  	 	 		 	 	14			
Buildings	 	 	653		 	 	(6	) 	 	 	—  	 	 		 	 	—  	 	 		 	 	647			
Machinery, equipment and office furnishings	 	 	803		 	 	(16	) 	 	 	—  	 	 		 	 	—  	 	 		 	 	787			
Construction in progress	 	 	362		 	 	(6	) 	 	 	—  	 	 		 	 	—  	 	 		 	 	356			
	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 		 	 	 	 	 		 	 	 	 		
	 	 	1,833		 	 	(29	) 	 	 	—  	 	 		 	 	—  	 	 		 	 	1,804			
Less: accumulated depreciation	 	 	835		 	 	(15	) 	 	 	—  	 	 		 	 	—  	 	 		 	 	820			
	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 		 	 	 	 	 		 	 	 	 		
	 	 	998		 	 	(14	) 	 	 	—  	 	 		 	 	—  	 	 		 	 	984			
	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 		 	 	 	 	 		 	 	 	 		
Goodwill	 	 	4,603		 	 	—  	 	 	 	—  	 	 		 	 	—  	 	 		 	 	4,603			
	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 		 	 	 	 	 		 	 	 	 		
Other Intangibles, Net	 	 	503		 	 	—  	 	 	 	—  	 	 		 	 	—  	 	 		 	 	503			
	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 		 	 	 	 	 		 	 	 	 		
Other Assets	 	 	438		 	 	(77	) 	 	 	300		 	(b),(e),(i),(o) 	 	 	249		 	(k),(n) 	 	 	910			
	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 		 	 	 	 	 		 	 	 	 		
	 	$	9,920		 	$	(576	) 	 	$	842		 		 	$	248		 		 	$	10,434			
	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 		 	 	 	 	 		 	 	 	 		
Liabilities and Equity	 				 				 				 		 				 		 					
Current Liabilities	 				 				 				 		 				 		 					
Trade accounts payable	 	$	294		 	$	(35	) 	 	$	—  	 	 		 	$	—  	 	 		 	$	259			
Accrued and other current liabilities	 	 	752		 	 	(93	) 	 	 	138		 	(d),(m) 	 	 	36		 	(n) 	 	 	833			
Due to related party	 	 	1,150		 	 	189		 	 	(1,339	) 	 	(j) 	 	 	—  	 	 		 	 	—  	 		
Income taxes payable	 	 	288		 	 	—  	 	 	 	—  	 	 		 	 	(179	) 	 	(k) 	 	 	109			
	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 		 	 	 	 	 		 	 	 	 		
Total current liabilities	 	 	2,484		 	 	61		 	 	(1,201	) 	 		 	 	(143	) 	 		 	 	1,201			
	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 		 	 	 	 	 		 	 	 	 		
Deferred Income Taxes	 	 	128		 	 	—  	 	 	 	(7	) 	 	(e) 	 	 	—  	 	 		 	 	121			
	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 		 	 	 	 	 		 	 	 	 		
Other Noncurrent Liabilities	 	 	1,822		 	 	(83	) 	 	 	9,536		 	(b),(i) 	 	 	(1,343	) 	 	(k),(n) 	 	 	9,932			
	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 		 	 	 	 	 		 	 	 	 		
Organon Equity	 				 				 				 		 				 		 					
Net investment from Parent	 	 	6,108		 	 	(572	) 	 	 	(5,536	) 	 	(j) 	 	 	—  	 	 		 	 	—  	 		
Common stock, $0.01 par value,                 shares authorized;                 shares issued and outstanding on a pro forma basis	 	 	—  	 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	—  	 	 	(j) 	 	 	—  	 	 		 	 	—  	 		
Accumulated deficit	 	 	—  	 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	(1,950	) 	 	(j) 	 	 	1,734		 	(k) 	 	 	(216	) 		
Accumulated other comprehensive loss	 	 	(622	) 	 	 	18		 	 	—  	 	 		 	 	—  	 	 		 	 	(604	) 		
	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 		 	 	 	 	 		 	 	 	 		
Total equity	 	 	5,486		 	 	(554	) 	 	 	(7,486	) 	 		 	 	1,734		 		 	 	(820	) 		
	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 		 	 	 	 	 		 	 	 	 		
	 	$	9,920		 	$	(576	) 	 	$	842	 	 		 	$	248	 	 		 	$	10,434	 		
	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 		 	 	 	 	 		 	 	 	 		
See accompanying notes to unaudited pro forma financial information.
 
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Organon
Notes to the Unaudited Pro Forma Financial Information
(a)    The historical Organon financial statements include operations related to other Merck products that will be retained by the Parent (Merck Retained Products) in certain legal entities that will be contributed to Organon in connection with the spin-off. Pro forma adjustments, including income tax, represent the impact of removing the historical results of Merck Retained Products from Organon’s historical financial statements.
(b)    The pro forma condensed combined balance sheet reflects indebtedness of approximately $9.5 billion, consisting of term loans and senior notes, which are expected to be issued in connection with the Separation, and related debt issuance costs of $139 million. Organon plans to distribute approximately $9.0 billion of the proceeds received from the issuance of debt to Merck in connection with the Separation. Details of the term loans and senior notes are as follows:

($ in millions)	  	 	 	
LIBOR plus 300 bps term loan due 2028	  	$	3,000	 	
LIBOR plus 300 bps euro-denominated term loan due 2028	  	 	892	 	
4.125% secured notes due 2028	  	 	2,100	 	
2.875% euro-denominated secured notes due 2028	  	 	1,488	 	
5.125% notes due 2031	  	 	2,000	 	
	  	 	 	 	
Total principal long-term debt issued	  	$	9,480	 	
	  	 	 	 	
In addition, on or about the distribution date, an unsecured, unsubordinated 5-year revolving credit facility
that provides for the availability of $1.0 billion of borrowings is expected to become available to Organon. No adjustment has been made to the unaudited pro forma financial information to reflect the potential draw down on the revolving credit facility.
The interest rate on the issued debt is expected to be approximately 3.8%. The pro forma condensed combined statement of income reflects estimated interest expense of $386 million related to the debt and amortization of deferred issuance costs. Interest expense was calculated assuming constant debt levels throughout the periods. A 1/8% change to the annual interest rate would change interest expense by $12 million for the year ended December 31, 2020.
(c)    Reflects the effect of manufacturing and supply agreements (MSAs) that Organon and Merck have entered into or will enter into prior to the Separation. The historical combined statement of income reflects certain Sales and Cost of sales relating to the inventory transfers pursuant to newly entered or pre-existing intercompany arrangements between Organon and Merck during the year ended December 31, 2020. The net adjustment to Sales of $75 million reflects sales price adjustments relating to such historical inventory transfers to reflect the pricing terms set forth in the MSAs, as well as incremental sales from inventory transfers from Organon to Merck expected in the first year after the Separation that also reflect the pricing terms set forth in the MSAs. The Cost of sales adjustment includes $76 million of costs expected to be incurred to manufacture the products relating to the incremental inventory transfers for Merck. The Cost of sales adjustment also includes an adjustment of $17 million to reflect the approximate cost of products sold by Merck to Organon at the supply price set forth in the MSAs. Historically, inventory transfers from Merck to Organon were recorded at cost.
(d)    Reflects removal of $20 million from Accrued and other current liabilities related to certain litigation matters included in the historical combined balance sheet that will be retained by Merck.
(e)    Reflects the tax effects of the pro forma adjustments at the applicable statutory income tax rates.
(f)    The number of Organon shares used to compute basic earnings per share for the year ended December 31, 2020 is based on the number of shares of Organon common stock assumed to be outstanding on December 31, 2020, assuming the anticipated distribution ratio of                share of Organon common stock for each share of
 
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Merck common stock outstanding. The assumed number of outstanding shares of common stock is based on the number of Merck common shares of                outstanding as of                 .
(g)    The number of shares used to compute diluted earnings per share is based on the number of basic shares of Organon common stock as described in Note (f) above, plus incremental shares assuming exercise of dilutive outstanding options and vesting of other outstanding stock awards expected to be issued by Organon as replacement awards to Merck employees transferring to Organon.
(h)    Reflects an adjustment to represent $500 million of cash at the balance sheet date, which is the approximate amount of cash Organon will have following the completion of the Separation. This reflects the $9.5 billion of borrowings expected to be incurred in connection with the Separation, net of approximately $9.0 billion expected to be distributed to Merck.
(i)    Reflects the addition of net benefit plan liabilities of $56 million and deferred benefit plan costs of $43 million that will be transferred to Organon by Merck prior to completion of the Separation and related transactions. The net benefit plan liabilities are excluded from the historical combined balance sheet as Organon is not the plan sponsor for the related benefit plans. The benefit plan expenses associated with these liabilities are included in Organon’s historical combined statement of income. The deferred benefit plan costs relate to service crediting Merck will provide to employees transferred to Organon in connection with the Separation for purposes of early retirement eligibility and subsidies under certain U.S.-defined benefit plan retained by Merck. The pro forma condensed combined statement of income reflects $5 million of amortization related to the deferred benefit plan costs.
(j)    Represents the reclassification of Merck’s net investment in Organon, including the additional net assets expected to be contributed by Merck and other pro forma adjustments, into Accumulated deficit and Common stock, par value $0.01, to reflect the number of shares of Organon common stock expected to be outstanding at the distribution date. The assumed number of outstanding shares of common stock is based on the number of Merck common shares of                outstanding as of                and an assumed pro-rata distribution ratio of                share of Organon common stock for each share of Merck common stock.
(k)    For purposes of the unaudited pro forma condensed combined financial information, Organon’s income tax liabilities attributable to its one-time transition tax assessed on previously undistributed earnings of its international subsidiaries pursuant to the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017 (the “TCJA”) were removed. These income tax liabilities were computed using a separate return methodology yielding approximately $161 million that was recorded within Income Taxes Payable and $1.3 billion that was recorded within Other Noncurrent Liabilities.
Organon is responsible for unrecognized tax benefits, net of indirect deferred tax benefits, to the extent a reserve relates exclusively to separate tax returns filed by Organon. Accordingly, to remove unrecognized tax benefits included in the historical combined balance sheet that were calculated on a separate return basis but will not be settled or paid by Organon, the pro forma condensed combined financial information reflects a decrease to Other current assets in the amount of $1 million, a decrease to Other Assets in the amount of $18 million, a decrease to Income taxes payable in the amount of $18 million, and a decrease to Other Noncurrent Liabilities in the amount of $193 million.
(l)    As a standalone public company, Organon expects to incur certain additional costs including costs resulting from:
 
 	•	 	separation and establishment of Organon as a standalone company including incremental costs related to commercial, manufacturing, research and business support functions that were previously shared with Merck;	
 
 	•	 	costs to perform financial reporting and regulatory compliance, and costs associated with accounting, auditing, tax, legal, information technology, human resources, investor relations, risk management, treasury and other general and administrative related functions;	
 
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 	•	 	higher costs for the services to be provided by Merck to Organon under the transition services agreement with respect to information technology services, research and development, distribution, support for operations, legal, payroll, finance, tax and accounting, general administrative services and other support services;	
 
 	•	 	one-time expenses associated with the separation of Organon’s information systems and facilities;	
 
 	•	 	compensation including new equity-based awards in connection with the Separation;	
 
 	•	 	insurance premiums; and	
 
 	•	 	depreciation and amortization related to information technology infrastructure investments.	
As a result, Organon expects to incur approximately $535 million of expenses (including one-time expenses of approximately $165 million expected to be incurred within 12 months following the completion of the Separation), in addition to Merck’s corporate and shared costs allocated in the historical combined financial statements. Accordingly, the pro forma condensed combined financial statements have been adjusted to depict the Company as an autonomous entity. The additional expenses have been estimated based on assumptions that management believes are reasonable. However, actual additional costs that will be incurred could be different from the estimates and would depend on several factors, including the economic environment and strategic decisions made in areas such as separation, manufacturing, selling and marketing, research and development, information technology and infrastructure.
(m)    The pro forma condensed combined balance sheet reflects $158 million in Accrued and other current liabilities with respect to additional employee related obligations of employees expected to be transferred from Merck to Organon prior to separation. These liabilities were excluded from the historical combined balance sheet as the related employees were not fully dedicated to Organon.
(n)    The pro forma condensed combined balance sheet reflects $267 million in Other assets, $36 million in Accrued and other current liabilities and $231 million in Other Noncurrent liabilities, with respect to additional right-of-use assets and related lease liability for Organon’s real estate leases executed at December 31, 2020 that had not yet commenced.
(o)    The pro forma condensed combined balance sheet reflects $110 million in Other assets with respect to a note receivable from a third party contract manufacturer expected to be contributed by Merck to Organon upon completion of negotiations currently ongoing with the third party. The pro forma condensed combined statement of income reflects $7 million of related interest income.
 
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Unaudited Pro Forma Non-GAAP Financial Measures
Earnings before interest, income taxes, depreciation and amortization (EBITDA), Adjusted EBITDA and Adjusted Net Income (non-GAAP financial measures) are alternative views of our performance that we provide because management believes this information enhances investors’ understanding of our results as it permits investors to understand how management assesses performance. Further discussion on non-GAAP financial measures is provided in “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” included elsewhere in this information statement.
The unaudited pro forma non-GAAP financial measures presented below have been prepared to provide certain non-GAAP information for Organon, giving effect to the pro forma adjustments to Organon’s historical results of operations to arrive at Organon’s pro forma results of operations, more fully described above. The unaudited pro forma non-GAAP measures assume that the Separation and related transactions occurred as of January 1, 2020.
A reconciliation between pro forma Net Income from Continuing Operations, Pro Forma EBITDA and Pro Forma Adjusted EBITDA is as follows:

	($ in millions)	  	2020	 	
Pro Forma Net Income from Continuing Operations	  	$	1,500			
Interest expense, net	  	 	379			
Taxes on income	  	 	315			
Depreciation	  	 	116			
Amortization	  	 	85			
	  	 	 	 		
Pro Forma EBITDA	  	$	2,395			
	  	 	 	 		
Restructuring costs	  	 	3			
Organon formation costs	  	 	238			
	  	 	 	 		
Pro Forma Adjusted EBITDA	  	$	2,636			
	  	 	 	 		
A reconciliation between pro forma financial measures and pro forma adjusted financial measures is as follows:

	($ in millions)	  	2020	 	
Pro Forma Income from Continuing Operations before taxes	  	$	1,815			
Amortization	  	 	85			
Restructuring costs	  	 	3			
Organon formation costs	  	 	238			
	  	 	 	 		
Pro Forma Adjusted income before taxes	  	 	2,141			
	  	 	 	 		
Pro Forma Taxes on income	  	 	315			
Estimated tax benefit on above items	  	 	55			
	  	 	 	 		
Pro Forma Adjusted taxes on income	  	 	370			
	  	 	 	 		
Pro Forma Adjusted Net Income	  	$	1,771			

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Selected Historical Financial Data
The following table presents our selected historical combined financial data as of and for each of the fiscal years in the three-year period ended December 31, 2020 and certain unaudited pro forma financial information. We derived the selected historical combined financial data as of December 31, 2020 and 2019, and for each of the fiscal years in the three-year period ended December 31, 2020, from our audited annual combined financial statements. The selected unaudited pro forma financial information at and for the year ended December 31, 2020 is unaudited and has been derived from our unaudited pro forma financial information included elsewhere in this information statement. You should read this information in conjunction with the information under “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” and our audited annual combined financial statements and the related notes thereto, which are included elsewhere in this information statement. Organon & Co. was incorporated in Delaware on March 11, 2020 and will hold Merck’s women’s health, biosimilars and established brands businesses after the separation and distribution described herein. The contribution of these businesses to Organon will begin to occur over a period of several months prior to the distribution, and Organon will have no operations prior to any such contribution. We have prepared our historical combined financial statements as if Organon had conducted Merck’s women’s health, biosimilars and established brands businesses through all relevant periods. See “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations—Basis of Presentation of Our Financial Information.”
Selected Combined Financial Data

	($ in millions)	  	Pro Forma
Year Ended
December 31,
2020	 	 	2020	 	  	2019	 	 	2018	 	
Results for Year:	  				 				  				 					
Sales(1)	  	$	6,607	 	 	$	8,096	 	  	$	9,530	 	 	$	9,777	 		
Cost of sales(2)	  	 	2,316	 	 	 	3,347	 	  	 	3,621	 	 	 	4,693	 		
Selling, general and administrative	  	 	1,722	 	 	 	1,666	 	  	 	1,922	 	 	 	2,013	 		
Research and development	  	 	315	 	 	 	304	 	  	 	332	 	 	 	365	 		
Restructuring costs	  	 	3	 	 	 	70	 	  	 	101	 	 	 	119	 		
Other (income) expense, net	  	 	436	 	 	 	29	 	  	 	(1	) 	 	 	(142	) 		
Income before taxes	  	 	1,815	 	 	 	2,680	 	  	 	3,555	 	 	 	2,729	 		
Taxes on income	  	 	315	 	 	 	520	 	  	 	337	 	 	 	576	 		
Net income	  	 	1,500	 	 	 	2,160	 	  	 	3,218	 	 	 	2,153	 		
Capital expenditures	  	 	255	 	 	 	278	 	  	 	109	 	 	 	101	 		
Depreciation	  	 	116	 	 	 	72	 	  	 	69	 	 	 	68	 		
Other Data:	  				 				  				 					
EBITDA(3)	  	$	2,395	 	 	$	2,827	 	  	$	3,896	 	 	$	4,387	 		
Adjusted EBITDA(3)	  	 	2,636	 	 	 	3,026	 	  	 	3,997	 	 	 	4,393	 		
Adjusted Net Income(3)	  	 	1,771	 	 	 	2,396	 	  	 	3,286	 	 	 	3,550	 		
Year-End Position:	  				 				  				 					
Working capital	  	$	2,233	 	 	$	894	 	  	$	2,614	 	 	$	2,169	 		
Property, plant and equipment, net	  	 	984	 	 	 	998	 	  	 	680	 	 	 	651	 		
Total assets	  	 	10,434	 	 	 	9,920	 	  	 	10,548	 	 	 	10,494	 		
Total equity	  	 	(820	) 	 	 	5,486	 	  	 	7,035	 	 	 	6,348	 		
 
(1) 	Actual results include related party sales of $599 million in 2020, $501 million in 2019 and $432 million in 2018.	
(2) 	Actual results include costs for inventory purchases from related parties of $1.0 billion in 2020, $1.1 billion in 2019 and $923 million in 2018.	
(3) 	Earnings before interest, income taxes, depreciation and amortization (EBITDA), Adjusted EBITDA and Adjusted Net Income (non-GAAP financial measures) are alternative views of our performance that we provide because management believes this information enhances investors’ understanding of our results as it permits investors to understand how management assesses performance. Further	
 
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 	discussion and a reconciliation of U.S. GAAP financial measures to EBITDA, Adjusted EBITDA and Adjusted Net Income are provided in “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” included elsewhere in this information statement. The information on EBITDA, Adjusted EBITDA and Adjusted Net Income should be considered in addition to, but not as a substitute for or superior to, information prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States (“GAAP”).	
 
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Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
Company Overview
Our operations are principally managed on a products basis and include two operating segments, the Organon Products segment and the Merck Retained Products segment.
The Organon Products segment is engaged in developing and delivering innovative health solutions through our portfolio of prescription therapies within women’s health, biosimilars, and established brands (the “Organon Products”). We sell these products primarily to drug wholesalers and retailers, hospitals, government agencies and managed health care providers such as health maintenance organizations, pharmacy benefit managers and other institutions. We expect to operate six manufacturing facilities in Belgium, Brazil, Indonesia, Mexico, the Netherlands and the UK.
The Organon Products segment portfolio includes:
 
 	•	 	Women’s Health: We have innovative contraception and fertility brands that we believe have long-term growth potential, such as Nexplanon/Implanon NXT, globally one of the highest revenue generating LARCs, a class of contraceptives which are recognized as the most effective type of hormonal contraception available to patients with a lower long-term average cost.	
 
 	•	 	Biosimilars: Our current portfolio spans immunology and oncology treatments. We expect that our biosimilars business will continue to generate growth in the near term as we continue to expand our existing products into new markets. All five of the biosimilars in our portfolio have launched in certain countries globally, including two biosimilars in the United States.	
 
 	•	 	Established Brands: We have a broad portfolio of established brands, which generally are beyond market exclusivity, including leading brands in cardiovascular, respiratory, dermatology and non-opioid pain management. Our established brands portfolio generates strong operating profit which we anticipate will continue to fund our future growth.	
The Merck Retained Products segment reflects the results of certain Merck non-United States legal entities that will be contributed to Organon in connection with the spin-off (the “Transferring Entities” and each, a “Transferring Entity”). The Transferring Entities include operations related to other Merck products that will be retained by Merck (the “Merck Retained Products”). See “Basis of Presentation of Our Financial Information.”
Separation from Merck
On                , 2021, the board of directors of Merck approved the spin-off of its women’s health, biosimilars and established brands businesses into a new, independent publicly traded company, Organon & Co., through a distribution of our publicly traded stock to Merck shareholders.
Completion of the spin-off is subject to certain conditions which are described more fully under “The Separation and Distribution—Conditions to the Distribution,” including receipt of the Tax Opinions from the Tax Advisors to the effect that the distribution and certain related transactions will qualify as tax-free to Merck and its shareholders under Sections 355 and 368 of the Code.
Basis of Presentation of Our Financial Information
Our audited historical combined financial statements have been prepared on a standalone basis and are derived from Merck’s consolidated financial statements and accounting records. The combined financial statements reflect our financial position, results of operations and cash flows as we were operated as part of Merck prior to the spin-off, in conformity with U.S. GAAP. The assets, liabilities, revenue and expenses of the Company have been reflected in our combined financial statements on a historical cost basis, as included in the
 
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consolidated financial statements of Merck, using the historical accounting policies applied by Merck. These combined financial statements do not purport to reflect what our results of operations, comprehensive income, financial position, equity or cash flows would have been had we operated as a standalone public company during the periods presented.
Our combined financial statements were prepared following a legal entity approach, which resulted in the inclusion of the following:
 
 	•	 	Certain assets and liabilities, results of operations and cash flows attributable to the sales of products in the Organon Products segment that will be contributed to us prior to the consummation of the spin-off, and	
 
 	•	 	The Transferring Entities, which have historically included the results from the sales of products included both in the Organon Products segment and the Merck Retained Products segment. Each Transferring Entity’s historical operations, including its results of operations, assets and liabilities, and cash flows have been fully reflected in these combined financial statements; however, prior to the consummation of the spin-off, the products in the Merck Retained Products segment will be contributed to newly formed Merck entities that will be retained by Merck. Upon full contribution of the Merck Retained Products by us to Merck and its affiliates, the historical results of operations of such products in the Merck Retained Products segment will be reflected as discontinued operations in the Organon financial statements.	
During the fourth quarter of 2020, in contemplation of the spin-off:
 
 	•	 	The Merck Retained Products business in certain Transferring Entities was distributed to Merck affiliates (the “MRP Distribution”) and the Merck Retained Products segment’s results of operations, assets and liabilities, and cash flows for such Transferring Entities are included in these combined financial statements through the date of distribution to Merck affiliates.	
 
 	•	 	The Organon Products business in certain jurisdictions has been transferred by Merck affiliates to legal entities established to operate the Organon Products business and, as noted above, such entities will be contributed to Organon (the “Organon Entities”).	
Our businesses have historically functioned together with the other businesses controlled by Merck. Accordingly, we relied on Merck’s corporate and other support functions for our business. Therefore, certain corporate and shared costs have been allocated to us (see Note 2 to our audited annual combined financial statements).
Management believes these cost allocations are a reasonable reflection of the utilization of services provided to, or the benefit derived by, us during the periods presented, though the allocations may not be indicative of the actual costs that would have been incurred had we operated as a standalone public company. Actual costs that may have been incurred had we been a standalone company would depend on a number of factors, including the chosen organizational structure, whether functions were outsourced or performed by our employees, and strategic decisions made in areas such as manufacturing, selling and marketing, research and development, information technology and infrastructure.
The combined balance sheet reflects all of the assets and liabilities that are either specifically identifiable or are directly attributable to us and our operations, as well as the assets and liabilities attributable to Merck Retained Products in the Transferring Entities. However, the balance sheet at December 31, 2020 excludes the assets and liabilities of the Merck Retained Products in certain Transferring Entities that were distributed to the Parent in the fourth quarter of 2020 as part of the MRP Distribution. The assets and liabilities in the remaining Transferring Entities attributable to Merck Retained Products will be distributed to the Parent prior to the spin-off. Property, plant and equipment reflected in the combined balance sheet is primarily attributable to the six manufacturing facilities we expect to operate. No assets or liabilities are reflected in the combined balance sheet for amounts related to derivatives and hedging activities.
 
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Merck maintains various employee benefit plans which our employees participate in, and a portion of the costs associated with these plans has been included in our combined financial statements. The combined balance sheet only includes assets and liabilities relating to plans for which the entity being transferred is the plan sponsor; most of these plans are on the Transferring Entities and substantially all of the related assets and liabilities were transferred to Merck as part of the MRP Distribution in the fourth quarter of 2020 or will be prior to the spin-off.
Income tax expense and deferred tax balances in the combined financial statements have been calculated on a separate tax return basis. Our operations are included in the tax returns of certain Organon Entities, Transferring Entities or the respective Merck entities of which our business is a part. In the future, as a standalone company, we will file tax returns on our own behalf, and our deferred taxes and effective income tax rate may differ from those in the historical periods.
Merck utilizes a centralized approach to cash management and the financing of its operations. Cash generated by us is routinely transferred into accounts managed by Merck’s centralized treasury function and cash disbursements for our operations are funded as needed by Merck. Cash and cash equivalents of the Organon Entities and the Transferring Entities are reflected in our combined balance sheet. Balances held by the Organon Entities and the Transferring Entities with Merck for cash transfers and loans are reflected as Due from related party, Due to related party or Related Party Loans Payable. All other cash, cash equivalents, short-term investments and related transfers between Merck and us are generally held centrally through accounts controlled and maintained by Merck and are not specifically identifiable to us. Accordingly, such balances have been accounted for through Net investment from Parent. Merck’s third-party debt and related interest expense have not been attributed to us because we are not the legal obligor of the debt and the borrowings are not specifically identifiable to us. However, in connection with the spin-off, we expect to incur indebtedness as set forth under “Description of Certain Indebtedness.” Such indebtedness would cause us to record additional interest expense in future periods.
Relationship with Merck
Following the spin-off, certain functions that Merck provided to us prior to the spin-off will either continue to be provided to us by Merck under a transition services agreement or will be performed using our own resources or third-party service providers. Additionally, under manufacturing and supply agreements, we will manufacture certain products for Merck or its applicable affiliate and Merck will manufacture certain products for us or our applicable affiliate. We expect to incur certain costs in establishing ourselves as a standalone public company, as well as ongoing additional costs associated with operating as an independent, publicly traded company.
Concurrent with the spin-off, we will enter into certain agreements with Merck. See “Certain Relationships and Related Party Transactions—Agreements with Merck.”
Key Trends Affecting Our Results of Operations
 
 	•	 	Generic Competition: The majority of our established brands products are beyond market exclusivity. However, these products continue to represent a significant value opportunity arising from long-term sustainable revenue streams and well-established supply chains that together generate significant operating profit relative to low promotional and development expenses.	
 
 	•	 	Sustained Shift Towards Long-Acting Reversible Contraceptives: Although daily contraceptive pills remain the largest market segment, the LARC market segment, which includes Nexplanon/Implanon NXT, has experienced significant growth in the years leading up to 2019 due to a sustained shift from daily oral contraception to LARC. This was driven by payors, providers and patients looking for options beyond commonly used daily contraceptive pills. The COVID-19 pandemic negatively affected	
 
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 	the LARC segment during 2020 due to clinic closures and the postponement of non-essential medical procedures during country lockdowns. However, LARC segment growth quickly rebounded during months when clinic restrictions were removed and the sustained shift to LARC is expected to continue with fundamental drivers unchanged.	
 
 	•	 	Increased Access to Fertility Solutions: We believe governments and payors are implementing favorable policies across major markets that, in turn, drive growth in the market for women’s health therapies. For example, in the United States, there has been an increase in fertility insurance mandates and employer coverage, albeit subject to certain exemptions.	
 
 	•	 	Emergence of Biosimilars: Biologics continue to experience strong growth trends. However, given the high cost of many of these treatments, biosimilars, as a more affordable alternative, represent a significant opportunity for patients, providers, and payors once a biologics product loses patent protection. Moreover, a significant number of biologics are expected to lose exclusivity over the next decade, representing a large opportunity for more biosimilar approvals.	
 
 	•	 	Increased Competitive Pressures: The markets in which we conduct our business and the pharmaceutical industry in general are highly competitive and highly regulated. Our competitors include other worldwide research-based pharmaceutical companies, smaller research companies with more limited therapeutic focus and generic drug manufacturers.	
COVID-19
In March 2020, the World Health Organization (“WHO”) declared the outbreak of COVID-19 a global pandemic and recommended containment and mitigation measures worldwide. Although COVID-19-related disruptions, including patients’ inability to access health care providers, prioritization of COVID-19 patients, as well as social distancing measures have negatively affected our results, we remain confident in the underlying demand for our products.
In 2020, the negative impact of the COVID-19 pandemic to Organon Products segment sales was estimated to be approximately $400 million. A significant portion of our revenue is comprised of physician-administered products, which, despite underlying demand, have been affected by social distancing measures, as well as fewer medical visits and elective procedures. These impacts, as well as the prioritization of COVID-19 patients at health care providers, resulted in reduced administration of many products within established brands and women’s health, in particular Nexplanon/Implanon NXT, throughout 2020. The COVID-19 pandemic also had a negative effect on sales within the Merck Retained Products segment as discussed below.
We believe that global health systems and patients have largely adapted to the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic, but our assumption is that ongoing residual negative impacts will persist, particularly during the first half of 2021. We expect that the negative impact to Organon Products segment revenues in 2021 will be less than the negative impact in 2020, principally affecting products within established brands and women’s health, primarily Nexplanon/Implanon NXT. The COVID-19 pandemic will also continue to negatively affect sales within the Merck Retained Products segment in 2021.
Operating expenses in 2020 were positively affected by the COVID-19 pandemic, primarily driven by lower promotional and selling costs as discussed below.
 
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Operating Results

	($ in millions)	  	2020	 	  	2019	 	  	2018	 	
Sales	  	$	8,096		  	$	9,530		  	$	9,777			
	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 		
Costs, Expenses and Other	  				  				  					
Cost of sales	  	 	3,347		  	 	3,621		  	 	4,693			
Selling, general and administrative	  	 	1,666		  	 	1,922		  	 	2,013			
Research and development	  	 	304		  	 	332		  	 	365			
Restructuring costs	  	 	70		  	 	101		  	 	119			
Other (income) expense, net	  	 	29		  	 	(1	) 	  	 	(142	) 		
	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 		
	  	 	5,416		  	 	5,975		  	 	7,048			
	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 		
Income Before Taxes	  	 	2,680		  	 	3,555		  	 	2,729			
Taxes on Income	  	 	520		  	 	337		  	 	576			
	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 		
Net Income	  	$	2,160		  	$	3,218		  	$	2,153			
	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 		
Sales Overview

	($ in millions)	  	2020	 	  	% Change	 	 	% Change
Excluding
Foreign
Exchange	 	 	2019	 	  	% Change	 	 	% Change
Excluding
Foreign
Exchange	 	 	2018	 	
United States	  	$	1,402		  	 	(30	)% 	 	 	(30	)% 	 	$	1,997		  	 	—  	% 	 	 	—  	% 	 	$	1,995			
International	  	 	6,694		  	 	(11	)% 	 	 	(9	)% 	 	 	7,533		  	 	(3	)% 	 	 	—  	% 	 	 	7,782			
	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 		
Total	  	$	8,096		  	 	(15	)% 	 	 	(14	)% 	 	$	9,530		  	 	(3	)% 	 	 	—  	% 	 	$	9,777			
	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 		
Worldwide sales were $8.1 billion in 2020, a decline of 15% compared with 2019. Sales for the Organon Products segment were $6.5 billion in 2020, a decline of 16% compared with 2019, primarily due to recent generic competition for women’s health product NuvaRing, and ongoing generic competition for products within the established brands business, particularly for respiratory products Singulair and Nasonex, and cardiovascular products Zetia and Vytorin. As described above, the COVID-19 pandemic negatively affected sales in 2020, contributing to declines in established brands, particularly respiratory and cardiovascular products, as well as declines in women’s health products, particularly Nexplanon/Implanon NXT, Follistim AQ and Orgalutran. The Organon Products segment sales decline was partially offset by revenue resulting from an arrangement for the sale of generic etonogestrel/ethinyl estradiol vaginal ring, higher sales of biosimilars resulting from the continued uptake of Renflexis in existing markets and the launch of Ontruzant into new markets, as well as higher sales of cardiovascular product Atozet. We expect Organon Products segment revenues to decline in 2021 relative to 2020, but the 2021 decline is expected to be more modest than the decline experienced in 2020, as a result of growth in Nexplanon/Implanon and biosimilars and ongoing recovery from the COVID-19 pandemic. Sales for the Merck Retained Products segment were $1.6 billion in 2020, a decline of 11% compared with 2019.
Worldwide sales were $9.5 billion in 2019, a decline of 3% compared with 2018. Sales for the Organon Products segment were $7.8 billion in 2019, a decline of 6% compared with 2018, primarily due to ongoing generic competition in the established brands business, particularly for Zetia, Vytorin, Nasonex, antidepressant Remeron, and non-opioid pain product Arcoxia. Higher sales of biosimilars resulting from the ongoing launches of Renflexis, Ontruzant and Brenzys, as well as higher sales of Nexplanon/Implanon NXT, and cardiovascular products Rosuzet and Atozet, partially offset the Organon Products segment revenue decline. Sales for the Merck Retained Products segment were $1.8 billion in 2019, an increase of 18% compared with 2018.
 
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Sales by Product Details
Sales of our products were as follows:

	($ in millions)	 	2020	 	 	2019	 	 	2018	 	
 	 	U.S.	 	 	Int’l	 	 	Total	 	 	U.S.	 	 	Int’l	 	 	Total	 	 	U.S.	 	 	Int’l	 	 	Total	 		
Organon Products Segment	 				 				 				 				 				 				 				 				 					
Women’s Health	 				 				 				 				 				 				 				 				 					
Nexplanon/Implanon	 	$	488		 	$	192		 	$	680		 	$	568		 	$	219		 	$	787		 	$	495		 	$	208		 	$	703			
NuvaRing	 	 	110		 	 	127		 	 	236		 	 	742		 	 	136		 	 	879		 	 	722		 	 	180		 	 	902			
Follistim AQ	 	 	84		 	 	109		 	 	193		 	 	103		 	 	138		 	 	241		 	 	115		 	 	153		 	 	268			
Orgalutran	 	 	11		 	 	69		 	 	81		 	 	25		 	 	86		 	 	112		 	 	48		 	 	93		 	 	141			
Cerazette	 	 	—  	 	 	 	67		 	 	67		 	 	—  	 	 	 	71		 	 	71		 	 	—  	 	 	 	90		 	 	90			
Biosimilars	 				 				 				 				 				 				 				 				 					
Renflexis	 	 	122		 	 	13		 	 	135		 	 	94		 	 	3		 	 	97		 	 	26		 	 	1		 	 	27			
Ontruzant	 	 	3		 	 	113		 	 	115		 	 	—  	 	 	 	83		 	 	83		 	 	—  	 	 	 	20		 	 	20			
Brenzys	 	 	—  	 	 	 	74		 	 	74		 	 	—  	 	 	 	72		 	 	72		 	 	—  	 	 	 	16		 	 	16			
Established Brands	 				 				 				 				 				 				 				 				 					
Cardiovascular	 				 				 				 				 				 				 				 				 					
Zetia	 	 	(1	) 	 	 	483		 	 	482		 	 	14		 	 	575		 	 	590		 	 	45		 	 	813		 	 	857			
Vytorin	 	 	12		 	 	171		 	 	182		 	 	16		 	 	269		 	 	285		 	 	10		 	 	487		 	 	497			
Atozet	 	 	—  	 	 	 	453		 	 	453		 	 	—  	 	 	 	391		 	 	391		 	 	—  	 	 	 	347		 	 	347			
Rosuzet	 	 	—  	 	 	 	130		 	 	130		 	 	—  	 	 	 	120		 	 	120		 	 	—  	 	 	 	58		 	 	58			
Cozaar/Hyzaar	 	 	21		 	 	365		 	 	386		 	 	24		 	 	418		 	 	442		 	 	23		 	 	431		 	 	453			
Zocor	 	 	2		 	 	75		 	 	77		 	 	6		 	 	107		 	 	112		 	 	5		 	 	116		 	 	121			
Respiratory	 		
Singulair	 	 	18		 	 	444		 	 	462		 	 	29		 	 	669		 	 	698		 	 	20		 	 	688		 	 	708			
Dulera	 	 	188		 	 	35		 	 	222		 	 	188		 	 	30		 	 	217		 	 	199		 	 	28		 	 	227			
Nasonex	 	 	12		 	 	206		 	 	218		 	 	9		 	 	284		 	 	293		 	 	23		 	 	353		 	 	376			
Clarinex	 	 	7		 	 	123		 	 	130		 	 	8		 	 	133		 	 	142		 	 	10		 	 	145		 	 	155			
Asmanex	 	 	75		 	 	8		 	 	83		 	 	84		 	 	10		 	 	94		 	 	100		 	 	13		 	 	113			
Non-Opioid Pain, Bone and Dermatology	 				 				 				 				 				 				 				 				 					
Arcoxia	 	 	—  	 	 	 	258		 	 	258		 	 	—  	 	 	 	288		 	 	288		 	 	—  	 	 	 	335		 	 	335			
Fosamax	 	 	4		 	 	176		 	 	180		 	 	9	 	 	 	188	 	 	 	197	 	 	 	4	 	 	 	205	 	 	 	209	 		
Diprospan	 	 	—  	 	 	 	118		 	 	118		 	 	—  	 	 	 	102		 	 	102		 	 	—  	 	 	 	102		 	 	102			
Diprosone	 	 	1		 	 	82		 	 	83		 	 	1		 	 	83		 	 	84		 	 	(1	) 	 	 	92		 	 	91			
Other	 				 				 				 				 				 				 				 				 					
Proscar	 	 	2		 	 	174		 	 	176		 	 	2		 	 	202		 	 	203		 	 	2		 	 	183		 	 	185			
Propecia	 	 	10		 	 	119		 	 	129		 	 	11		 	 	120		 	 	131		 	 	12		 	 	119		 	 	131			
Sinemet	 	 	(1	) 	 	 	78		 	 	77		 	 	1		 	 	78		 	 	79		 	 	4		 	 	98		 	 	102			
Remeron	 	 	2		 	 	61		 	 	64		 	 	3		 	 	79		 	 	82		 	 	2		 	 	130		 	 	132			
Other Organon Products segment(1)	 	 	232	 	 	 	807	 	 	 	1,041		 	 	60		 	 	826		 	 	885		 	 	131		 	 	793		 	 	926			
	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 		
Total Organon Products segment sales	 	 	1,402	 	 	 	5,130	 	 	 	6,532		 	 	1,997		 	 	5,780		 	 	7,777		 	 	1,995		 	 	6,297		 	 	8,292			
	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 		
Merck Retained Products	 		
Keytruda	 	 	—  	 	 	 	529		 	 	529		 	 	—  	 	 	 	493		 	 	493		 	 	—  	 	 	 	309		 	 	309			
Januvia/Janumet	 	 	—  	 	 	 	76		 	 	76		 	 	—  	 	 	 	110		 	 	110		 	 	—  	 	 	 	113		 	 	113			
Gardasil/Gardasil 9	 	 	—  	 	 	 	52		 	 	52		 	 	—  	 	 	 	70		 	 	70		 	 	—  	 	 	 	63		 	 	63			
Zostavax	 	 	—  	 	 	 	50		 	 	50		 	 	—  	 	 	 	65		 	 	65		 	 	—  	 	 	 	76		 	 	76			
Simponi	 	 	—  	 	 	 	49		 	 	49		 	 	—  	 	 	 	69		 	 	69		 	 	—  	 	 	 	92		 	 	92			
Varivax	 	 	—  	 	 	 	1		 	 	1		 	 	—  	 	 	 	93		 	 	93		 	 	—  	 	 	 	19		 	 	19			
Supply sales to Merck affiliates	 	 	—  	 	 	 	542		 	 	542		 	 	—  	 	 	 	501		 	 	501		 	 	—  	 	 	 	432		 	 	432			
Other Merck Retained Products segment(1)	 	 	—  	 	 	 	265		 	 	265		 	 	—  	 	 	 	352		 	 	352		 	 	—  	 	 	 	381		 	 	381			
	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 		
Total Merck Retained Products segment sales	 	 	—  	 	 	 	1,564		 	 	1,564		 	 	—  	 	 	 	1,753		 	 	1,753		 	 	—  	 	 	 	1,485		 	 	1,485			
	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 		
	 	$	1,402	 	 	$	6,694	 	 	$	8,096		 	$	1,997		 	$	7,533		 	$	9,530		 	$	1,995		 	$	7,782		 	$	9,777			

United States plus international may not equal total due to rounding.
 
(1)	Includes sales of products not listed separately, revenue resulting from an arrangement for the sale of generic etonogestrel/ethinyl estradiol vaginal ring, allocated amounts from revenue hedging activities, and manufacturing sales to Merck and third parties.	
 
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A discussion of performance for select products in the businesses follows.
Organon Products Segment
Women’s Health

	($ in millions)	  	2020	 	  	% Change	 	 	% Change
Excluding
Foreign
Exchange	 	 	2019	 	  	% Change	 	 	% Change
Excluding
Foreign
Exchange	 	 	2018	 	
Nexplanon/Implanon	  	$	680		  	 	(14	)% 	 	 	(13	)% 	 	$	787		  	 	12	% 	 	 	14	% 	 	$	703			
NuvaRing	  	 	236		  	 	(73	)% 	 	 	(73	)% 	 	 	879		  	 	(3	)% 	 	 	(2	)% 	 	 	902			
Follistim AQ	  	 	193		  	 	(20	)% 	 	 	(20	)% 	 	 	241		  	 	(10	)% 	 	 	(7	)% 	 	 	268			
Orgalutran	  	 	81		  	 	(28	)% 	 	 	(27	)% 	 	 	112		  	 	(21	)% 	 	 	(18	)% 	 	 	141			
Contraception
Worldwide sales of Nexplanon/Implanon NXT, a single-rod subdermal contraceptive implant, declined 14% in 2020 primarily due to lower demand in the United States and in the EU resulting from the COVID-19 pandemic. Global sales of Nexplanon/Implanon NXT grew 12% in 2019 primarily due to higher demand and pricing in the United States.
Worldwide sales of NuvaRing, a vaginal contraceptive product, declined 73% in 2020 due to generic competition in the United States. The patent that provided market exclusivity for NuvaRing in the United States expired in April 2018 and generic competition began in December 2019. Accordingly, we are experiencing a rapid and substantial decline in NuvaRing sales in the United States and we expect the decline to continue. In addition to sales of branded NuvaRing, we have an agreement with a generic manufacturer that authorizes the sale of generic etonogestrel/ethinyl estradiol vaginal ring. Under the terms of the agreement, we are reimbursed on a cost-plus basis by the generic manufacturer for supplying finished goods and receive a share of the net profits recorded by the generic manufacturer. In 2020, we recorded revenue of $148 million related to this arrangement. We expect revenue under this arrangement to decline significantly in 2021. Global NuvaRing sales declined 3% in 2019 primarily due to lower demand in the EU due to ongoing generic competition, largely offset by higher sales in the United States reflecting higher pricing that was partially offset by lower demand.
Fertility
Worldwide sales of Follistim AQ (marketed in most countries outside the United States as Puregon), a fertility treatment, declined 20% in 2020 largely due to lower demand globally resulting from the COVID-19 pandemic. Worldwide sales of Follistim AQ declined 10% in 2019 primarily due to lower demand in the EU and in the United States, partially offset by higher demand in China.
Worldwide sales of Orgalutran, a fertility treatment, declined 28% in 2020 primarily due to lower pricing in the United States, as well as lower demand in international markets attributable both to the COVID-19 pandemic and generic competition. Worldwide sales decreased 21% in 2019 primarily due to lower demand in the United States as a result of generic competition.
Biosimilars

	($ in millions)	  	2020	 	  	% Change	 	 	% Change
Excluding
Foreign
Exchange	 	 	2019	 	  	% Change	 	  	% Change
Excluding
Foreign
Exchange	 	  	2018	 	
Renflexis	  	$	135		  	 	39	% 	 	 	39	% 	 	$	97	 	  	 	*	 	  	 	*	 	  	$	27			
Ontruzant	  	 	115		  	 	38	% 	 	 	37	% 	 	 	83	 	  	 	*	 	  	 	*	 	  	 	20			
Brenzys	  	 	74		  	 	3	% 	 	 	4	% 	 	 	72	 	  	 	*	 	  	 	*	 	  	 	16			

*	Calculation not meaningful.	
 
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The following biosimilar products are part of a development and commercialization agreement between Merck and Samsung Bioepis entered into in 2013. See “Business—Third-Party Agreements—Samsung Bioepis Development and Commercialization Agreement” and Note 4 to our annual combined financial statements. Our commercialization territories under the agreement vary by product as noted below.
Renflexis (infliximab-abda) is a biosimilar to Remicade (infliximab) for the treatment of certain inflammatory diseases. Sales growth in 2020 and 2019 was driven primarily by continued uptake in the United States since launch in 2017. Higher demand in Canada also contributed to the sales increase in 2020. We have worldwide commercialization rights to Renflexis in countries outside the EU, Korea, China, Turkey and Russia.
Ontruzant (trastuzumab-dttb) is a biosimilar to Herceptin (trastuzumab) for the treatment of HER2-overexpressing breast cancer and HER2-overexpressing metastatic gastric or gastroesophageal junction adenocarcinoma. Sales growth in 2020 was driven by the launch in Brazil. Sales growth in 2019 was driven by continued uptake in the EU since launch in early 2018. In December 2019, the WHO announced that Ontruzant is the first biosimilar medicine approved for WHO pre-qualification. With this designation, Ontruzant is eligible for procurement through international agencies, which could give many more women with HER2-positive breast cancer access to this essential medicine in low-income countries. We have worldwide commercialization rights to Ontruzant in countries outside of Korea and China.
Brenzys (etanercept) is a biosimilar to Enbrel (etanercept) for the treatment of certain inflammatory diseases. Sales in 2020 were relatively flat compared to 2019. Sales growth in 2019 was driven by the launch in Brazil. We have worldwide commercialization rights to Brenzys in countries outside of the United States, the EU, Korea, China and Japan.
Aybintio (bevacizumab) is a biosimilar to Avastin (bevacizumab) for the treatment of metastatic carcinoma of the colon or rectum, metastatic non-squamous, non-small cell lung cancer, metastatic renal cell carcinoma, metastatic cervical cancer, epithelial ovarian, fallopian tube, or primary peritoneal cancer and metastatic breast cancer. Aybintio was approved in the EU in August 2020 and was launched in September 2020. We currently have no plan for the timing of any launch of Aybintio in the United States nor do we know when such timing would be determined. We have commercialization rights to Aybintio in the United States, Canada, Germany, Italy, France, the UK and Spain.
Hadlima (adalimumab-bwwd) is a biosimilar to Humira (adalimumab) for the treatment of certain inflammatory diseases. We have worldwide commercialization rights to Hadlima in countries outside of the EU, Korea, China, Turkey and Russia. Samsung Bioepis reached a global settlement with AbbVie permitting us to launch Hadlima in the United States in June 2023 and outside of the United States starting in 2021. Hadlima is currently approved in the United States, Australia, Canada, and Israel. Hadlima was launched in Australia and Canada in February 2021.
Established Brands
Established brands represents a broad portfolio of well-known brands, which generally are beyond market exclusivity, including leading brands in cardiovascular, respiratory, dermatology and non-opioid pain management, for which generic competition varies by market.
Cardiovascular

	($ in millions)	  	2020	 	  	% Change	 	 	% Change
Excluding
Foreign
Exchange	 	 	2019	 	  	% Change	 	 	% Change
Excluding
Foreign
Exchange	 	 	2018	 	
Zetia/Vytorin	  	$	664		  	 	(24	)% 	 	 	(24	)% 	 	$	874		  	 	(35	)% 	 	 	(34	)% 	 	$	1,355			
Atozet	  	 	453		  	 	16	% 	 	 	16	% 	 	 	391		  	 	13	% 	 	 	18	% 	 	 	347			
Rosuzet	  	 	130		  	 	8	% 	 	 	9	% 	 	 	120		  	 	107	% 	 	 	115	% 	 	 	58			
Cozaar/Hyzaar	  	 	386		  	 	(13	)% 	 	 	(11	)% 	 	 	442		  	 	(3	)% 	 	 	2	% 	 	 	453			
Zocor	  	 	77		  	 	(31	)% 	 	 	(32	)% 	 	 	112		  	 	(7	)% 	 	 	(4	)% 	 	 	121			
 
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Combined global sales of Zetia (marketed in most countries outside of the United States as Ezetrol) and Vytorin (marketed outside of the United States as Inegy), medicines for lowering LDL cholesterol, declined 24% in 2020 primarily driven by lower sales of Ezetrol in Japan and Ezetrol and Inegy in the EU. The patent that provided market exclusivity for Ezetrol in Japan expired in September 2019 and generic competition began in June 2020. The EU patents for Ezetrol and Inegy expired in April 2018 and April 2019, respectively. Accordingly, the Company is experiencing sales declines in these markets as a result of generic competition and expects the declines to continue. The overall sales decline in 2020 also reflects lower pricing due to loss of exclusivity in Australia. Partially offsetting the sales decline in 2020 were higher sales of Ezetrol in China, reflecting higher demand that was partly offset by lower pricing. Combined global sales of Zetia and Vytorin declined 35% in 2019 primarily due to lower sales in the EU, as well as in Australia due to generic competition.
Sales of Atozet (marketed outside of the United States), a medicine for lowering LDL cholesterol, grew 16% in 2020 primarily due to higher demand in most markets, particularly in the EU, Japan and other countries in the Asia Pacific region. Sales of Atozet grew 13% in 2019 primarily due to higher demand in the EU and Korea.
Sales of Rosuzet (marketed outside of the United States), a medicine for lowering LDL cholesterol, grew 8% in 2020 primarily due to higher demand in Korea and Japan. We expect sales of Rosuzet to decline in 2021 due to the expiration of a distribution agreement in Korea. Sales of Rosuzet more than doubled in 2019, primarily due to the launch in Japan, as well as higher demand in Korea.
Combined global sales of Cozaar, and its companion agent Hyzaar (a combination of Cozaar and hydrochlorothiazide that is marketed in Japan as Preminent), a medicine for the treatment of hypertension, declined 13% in 2020 primarily due to lower demand in China, Japan and the EU. Combined global sales of Cozaar and Hyzaar declined 3% in 2019 primarily due to the unfavorable effect of foreign exchange. Excluding the unfavorable effect of foreign exchange, sales performance reflects higher demand in the Asia Pacific region, particularly in China, partially offset by lower demand and lower pricing in Japan.
Worldwide sales of Zocor, a statin for modifying cholesterol, declined 31% in 2020 primarily due to lower demand in China, and decreased 7% in 2019 primarily due to lower sales in the EU and Japan.
Respiratory

	($ in millions)	  	2020	 	  	% Change	 	 	% Change
Excluding
Foreign
Exchange	 	 	2019	 	  	% Change	 	 	% Change
Excluding
Foreign
Exchange	 	 	2018	 	
Singulair	  	$	462		  	 	(34	)% 	 	 	(34	)% 	 	$	698		  	 	(1	)% 	 	 	1	% 	 	$	708			
Dulera	  	 	222		  	 	2	% 	 	 	2	% 	 	 	217		  	 	(4	)% 	 	 	(4	)% 	 	 	227			
Nasonex	  	 	218		  	 	(26	)% 	 	 	(24	)% 	 	 	293		  	 	(22	)% 	 	 	(19	)% 	 	 	376			
Worldwide sales of Singulair, a once-a-day oral medicine for the chronic treatment of asthma and for the relief of symptoms of allergic rhinitis, declined 34% in 2020 primarily due to lower demand in China and Japan attributable in part to the COVID-19 pandemic. Global sales of Singulair declined 1% in 2019 primarily reflecting the unfavorable effect of foreign exchange. Excluding the unfavorable effect of foreign exchange, sales performance in 2019 reflects higher demand in China and a favorable adjustment to customer discounts in the United States, largely offset by lower demand and lower pricing in Japan and the EU.
Global sales of Dulera Inhalation Aerosol, a combination medicine for the treatment of asthma, increased 2% in 2020 due to higher demand in Canada. We expect sales of Dulera to decline in 2021 due to generic competition in the United States. Sales of Dulera declined 4% in 2019 due to lower demand in the United States.
 
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Global sales of Nasonex, an inhaled nasal corticosteroid for the treatment of nasal allergy symptoms, declined 26% in 2020 primarily due to continued generic competition in Japan, as well as lower demand in several other international markets resulting from the COVID-19 pandemic, partially offset by higher demand in China. Global sales decreased 22% in 2019 primarily due to ongoing generic competition in Japan and the United States.
Non-Opioid Pain, Bone and Dermatology

	($ in millions)	  	2020	 	  	% Change	 	 	% Change
Excluding
Foreign
Exchange	 	 	2019	 	  	% Change	 	 	% Change
Excluding
Foreign
Exchange	 	 	2018	 	
Arcoxia	  	$	258		  	 	(11	)% 	 	 	(8	)% 	 	$	288		  	 	(14	)% 	 	 	(10	)% 	 	$	335			
Sales of Arcoxia, for the treatment of arthritis and pain, declined 11% in 2020 primarily due to lower demand in the Asia Pacific region related to the COVID-19 pandemic, partially offset by higher demand in the EU. Sales of Arcoxia declined 14% in 2019 primarily due to lower demand in the EU and Latin America.
Other

	($ in millions)	  	2020	 	  	% Change	 	 	% Change
Excluding
Foreign
Exchange	 	 	2019	 	  	% Change	 	 	% Change
Excluding
Foreign
Exchange	 	 	2018	 	
Proscar	  	$	176		  	 	(13	)% 	 	 	(13	)% 	 	$	203		  	 	10	% 	 	 	15	% 	 	$	185			
Remeron	  	 	64		  	 	(22	)% 	 	 	(21	)% 	 	 	82		  	 	(38	)% 	 	 	(36	)% 	 	 	132			
Worldwide sales of Proscar, for the treatment of symptomatic benign prostate enlargement, declined 13% in 2020 primarily due to lower demand in China. Global sales of Proscar increased 10% in 2019 due to higher volumes in China reflecting a recovery from supply constraints in the prior year.
Worldwide sales of Remeron, for the treatment of depression, declined 22% in 2020 and 38% in 2019 primarily due to lower demand in Japan. Remeron lost market exclusivity in Japan in December 2018.
Merck Retained Products Segment

	($ in millions)	  	2020	 	  	% Change	 	 	% Change
Excluding
Foreign
Exchange	 	 	2019	 	  	% Change	 	 	% Change
Excluding
Foreign
Exchange	 	 	2018	 	
Keytruda	  	$	529		  	 	7	% 	 	 	16	% 	 	$	493		  	 	60	% 	 	 	67	% 	 	$	309			
Januvia/Janumet	  	 	76		  	 	(31	)% 	 	 	(23	)% 	 	 	110		  	 	(3	)% 	 	 	3	% 	 	 	113			
Gardasil/Gardasil 9	  	 	52		  	 	(27	)% 	 	 	(23	)% 	 	 	70		  	 	11	% 	 	 	16	% 	 	 	63			
Zostavax	  	 	50		  	 	(23	)% 	 	 	(22	)% 	 	 	65		  	 	(15	)% 	 	 	(11	)% 	 	 	76			
Simponi	  	 	49		  	 	(30	)% 	 	 	(30	)% 	 	 	69		  	 	(25	)% 	 	 	(22	)% 	 	 	92			
Varivax	  	 	1		  	 	(99	)% 	 	 	(98	)% 	 	 	93	 	  	 	*	 	 	 	*	 	 	 	19			

*	Calculation not meaningful.	
As discussed above, prior to the consummation of the spin-off, the products in the Merck Retained Products segment will be contributed to newly formed Merck entities that will be retained by Merck. Upon full contribution of the Merck Retained Products segment by us to Merck and its affiliates, the historical results of operations of such products in the Merck Retained Products segment will be reflected as discontinued operations in the Organon financial statements. As described in “Basis of Presentation of Our Financial Information” above, the MRP Distribution that occurred in the fourth quarter of 2020 contributed to lower sales of the Merck Retained Products in 2020 compared with 2019.
 
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Keytruda is an anti-PD-1 (programmed death receptor-1) therapy approved for the treatment of many types of cancer. Sales of Keytruda in the Transferring Entities grew 7% in 2020 and 60% in 2019 primarily driven by higher demand reflecting both uptake across approved indications and the launch of new indications in the UK, Brazil and Switzerland entities. However, the COVID-19 pandemic had a dampening effect on growing demand in 2020. Sales growth in 2020 was partially offset by lower sales resulting from the MRP Distribution.
Januvia and Janumet are medicines that help lower blood sugar levels in adults with type 2 diabetes. Combined sales of Januvia and Janumet in the Transferring Entities declined 31% in 2020 largely due to lower volumes in the UK entity attributable in part to the MRP Distribution, as well as lower pricing in the Brazil entity. Combined sales of Januvia and Janumet in the Transferring Entities were relatively flat in 2019 compared with 2018.
Gardasil/Gardasil 9 are vaccines to help prevent certain cancers and other diseases caused by certain types of human papillomavirus (HPV). Sales of Gardasil/Gardasil 9 in the Transferring Entities declined 27% in 2020 due to lower demand in the UK entity attributable both to the COVID-19 pandemic and to the MRP Distribution. Sales of Gardasil/Gardasil 9 in the Transferring Entities grew 11% in 2019 primarily due to higher volumes in the UK entity.
Zostavax is a vaccine to help prevent shingles (herpes zoster) in adults 50 years of age and older. Sales of Zostavax in the Transferring Entities declined 23% in 2020 and 15% in 2019 primarily due to lower government tenders in the UK. The sales decline in 2020 was also attributable to the MRP Distribution.
Simponi is a once-monthly subcutaneous treatment for certain inflammatory diseases. Sales of Simponi in the Transferring Entities declined 30% in 2020 and 25% in 2019 primarily driven by lower demand in the UK entities due to the launch of biosimilars for a competing product. The sales decline in 2020 was also attributable to the MRP Distribution.
Varivax is a vaccine to help prevent chickenpox (varicella). Sales of Varivax in the Transferring Entities declined 99% in 2020 driven by lower sales in the Brazil entity due to government tenders. Sales growth of Varivax in the Transferring Entities in 2019 was driven by higher sales in the Brazil entity due to government tenders.
Costs, Expenses and Other

	($ in millions)	  	2020	 	  	% Change	 	 	2019	 	 	% Change	 	 	2018	 	
Cost of sales	  	$	3,347		  	 	(8	)% 	 	$	3,621		 	 	(23	)% 	 	$	4,693			
Selling, general and administrative	  	 	1,666		  	 	(13	)% 	 	 	1,922		 	 	(5	)% 	 	 	2,013			
Research and development	  	 	304		  	 	(9	)% 	 	 	332		 	 	(9	)% 	 	 	365			
Restructuring costs	  	 	70		  	 	(31	)% 	 	 	101		 	 	(15	)% 	 	 	119			
Other (income) expense, net	  	 	29	 	  	 	*	 	 	 	(1	) 	 	 	*	 	 	 	(142	) 		
	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 		
	  	$	5,416		  	 	(9	)% 	 	$	5,975		 	 	(15	)% 	 	$	7,048			

*	Calculation not meaningful.	
Cost of Sales
Cost of sales includes expenses for the amortization of intangible assets which totaled $85 million in 2020, $285 million in 2019 and $1.6 billion in 2018. The decline in amortization expenses in 2020 compared with 2019 is primarily due to the intangible assets related to Nasonex, Clarinex and Atozet, which were fully amortized at the end of 2019. The decline in amortization expenses in 2019 as compared with 2018 is primarily due to the intangible assets related to Zetia and Vytorin, which were almost fully amortized at the end of 2018.
 
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Gross margin was 58.7% in 2020, 62.0% in 2019 and 52.0% in 2018. The gross margin decline in 2020 compared with 2019 reflects pricing pressure and product mix, partially offset by lower amortization of intangible assets as noted above. The gross margin increase in 2019 compared with 2018 was primarily due to lower amortization of intangible assets noted above.
Selling, General and Administrative
Selling, general and administrative expenses declined 13% in 2020 primarily due to lower selling and promotional costs, reflecting lower travel and meeting expenses, due in part to the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, as well as lower costs due to the MRP Distribution. These declines were partially offset by costs incurred to establish Organon as a standalone entity. Selling, general and administrative expenses declined 5% in 2019 primarily due to lower selling and promotional costs on products within established brands, partially offset by higher spending to support the ongoing launches of biosimilars and higher spending on the Merck Retained Products, particularly Keytruda.
Research and Development
Research and development expenses declined 9% in 2020 primarily due to lower costs from post-marketing research activities, as well as lower costs due to the MRP Distribution, partially offset by higher spending associated with Organon development programs. Research and development expenses declined 9% in 2019, primarily reflecting lower costs from post-marketing research activities, as well as lower spending driven by the conclusion of certain clinical development programs. The decline was partially offset by higher spending for clinical trials and research collaborations associated with the Merck Retained Products.
Restructuring Costs
Certain of our operations have been affected by restructuring plans initiated by Merck. These restructuring plans include a global restructuring program approved in 2019 focused primarily on further optimizing Merck’s manufacturing and supply network and reducing its global real estate footprint. Our operations were also affected by previous restructuring plans designed to streamline Merck’s cost structure, which included the elimination of positions in sales, administrative and headquarters organizations, as well as the sale or closure of certain manufacturing and research and development sites, and the consolidation of office facilities. Separation costs incurred were associated with actual headcount reductions made by Merck, as well as those headcount reductions that were probable and could be reasonably estimated. Also included in restructuring costs are costs associated with facilities to be sold or closed, asset abandonment, shut-down and other related costs (see Note 5 to our audited annual combined financial statements).
Other (Income) Expense, Net
For details on the components of Other (income) expense, net, see Note 13 to our audited annual combined financial statements.
 
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Segment Profits

 	  	Organon
Products	 	  	Merck
Retained
Products	 	 	Total	 	  	Organon
Products	 	  	Merck
Retained
Products	 	 	Total	 	 	Organon
Products	 	 	Merck
Retained
Products	 	 	Total	 		
	$ in millions	  	2020	 	  	2019	 	 	2018	 	
Sales	  	$	6,532		  	$	1,564		 	$	8,096		  	$	7,777		  	$	1,753		 	$	9,530		 	$	8,292		 	$	1,485		 	$	9,777			
Costs, Expenses and Other	  				  				 				  				  				 				 				 				 					
Cost of sales	  	 	2,119		  	 	1,228		 	 	3,347		  	 	2,274		  	 	1,347		 	 	3,621		 	 	3,541		 	 	1,152		 	 	4,693			
Selling, general and administrative	  	 	1,356		  	 	310		 	 	1,666		  	 	1,443		  	 	479		 	 	1,922		 	 	1,567		 	 	446		 	 	2,013			
Research and development	  	 	210		  	 	94		 	 	304		  	 	220		  	 	112		 	 	332		 	 	262		 	 	103		 	 	365			
Restructuring costs	  	 	60		  	 	10		 	 	70		  	 	78		  	 	23		 	 	101		 	 	108		 	 	11		 	 	119			
Other (income) expense, net	  	 	35		  	 	(6	) 	 	 	29		  	 	66		  	 	(67	) 	 	 	(1	) 	 	 	(51	) 	 	 	(91	) 	 	 	(142	) 		
	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 		
Income (Loss) Before Taxes	  	$	2,752		  	$	(72	) 	 	$	2,680		  	$	3,696		  	$	(141	) 	 	$	3,555		 	$	2,865		 	$	(136	) 	 	$	2,729			
	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 		
Organon Products Segment
Organon Products segment profits declined 26% in 2020 primarily due to lower sales, partially offset by lower amortization of intangible assets, lower selling and promotional spending due in part to the COVID-19 pandemic, and favorability in other (income) expense, net.
Organon Products segment profits grew 29% in 2019 primarily due to lower amortization of intangible assets. Declines in selling and promotional spending related to established brands, lower research and development spending resulting from the conclusion of certain clinical trials, and lower restructuring costs also contributed to the increase in Organon Products segment profits. Partially offsetting Organon Products segment profit growth in 2019 were lower sales, as well as unfavorability in other (income) expense, net, largely due to a gain on the settlement of certain patent litigation recorded in 2018.
Merck Retained Products Segment
Merck Retained Products segment losses declined 49% in 2020 primarily due to lower selling and promotional spending, partially offset by lower sales and unfavorability in other (income) expense, net.
Merck Retained Products segment losses increased 3% in 2019 primarily reflecting higher selling and promotional spending and unfavorability in other (income) expense, net, partially offset by higher sales.
Taxes on Income
The effective income tax rates of 19.4% in 2020, 9.5% in 2019 and 21.1% in 2018 reflect the beneficial impact of foreign earnings and the unfavorable impact of the amortization of intangible assets. The effective income tax rate in 2019 also reflects the favorable impact of a $258 million net tax benefit related to the settlement of certain federal income tax matters.
Net Income
Net income was $2.2 billion in 2020, $3.2 billion in 2019 and $2.2 billion in 2018.
 
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EBITDA, Adjusted EBITDA and Adjusted Net Income
Earnings before interest, incomes taxes, depreciation and amortization (EBITDA), Adjusted EBITDA, and Adjusted Net Income (non-GAAP financial measures) are alternative views of our performance that we provide below because management believes this information enhances investors’ understanding of our results as it permits investors to understand how management assesses performance. EBITDA, Adjusted EBITDA and Adjusted Net income are expected to be important internal measures for us. Our management intends to use these measures internally for planning and forecasting purposes and to measure our performance along with other metrics. Also, we anticipate that our senior management’s annual compensation will be derived in part using these non-GAAP measures. Additionally, EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA are important metrics for debt investors who utilize debt to EBITDA ratios. Since EBITDA, Adjusted EBITDA and Adjusted Net Income are not measures determined in accordance with GAAP, they have no standardized meaning prescribed by GAAP and, therefore, may not be comparable to the calculation of a similar measure of other companies. These metrics should be considered in addition to, but not as a substitute for or superior to, information prepared in accordance with GAAP. As discussed above, our combined balance sheet and statement of income do not include an allocation of third-party debt or interest expense from Merck because we were not the legal obligor of the debt and because Merck’s borrowings were not directly attributable to our business. However, in connection with the spin-off, we expect to incur debt and such indebtedness would cause us to record additional interest expense in future periods. See “Description of Certain Indebtedness.”
Organon Products Adjusted EBITDA and Organon Products Adjusted Net Income
Organon Products Adjusted EBITDA and Organon Products Adjusted Net Income exclude Adjusted EBITDA and Adjusted Net Loss attributable to the Merck Retained Products. As noted above, prior to the consummation of the spin-off, the Merck Retained Products will be contributed to newly formed Merck entities that will be retained by Merck and the historical results of operations related to the Merck Retained Products will be reflected as discontinued operations in the Organon financial statements.
A reconciliation between GAAP net income, EBITDA, Adjusted EBITDA and Organon Products Adjusted EBITDA is as follows:

	($ in millions)	  	2020	 	  	2019	 	  	2018	 	
Net income as reported under GAAP	  	$	2,160		  	$	3,218		  	$	2,153			
Interest income, net	  	 	(10	) 	  	 	(13	) 	  	 	(15	) 		
Taxes on income	  	 	520		  	 	337		  	 	576			
Depreciation	  	 	72		  	 	69		  	 	68			
Amortization	  	 	85		  	 	285		  	 	1,605			
	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 		
EBITDA	  	$	2,827		  	$	3,896		  	$	4,387			
	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 		
Restructuring costs (excluding depreciation costs above)	  	 	73		  	 	101	 	  	 	121	 		
Organon formation costs	  	 	126		  	 	—  	 	  	 	—  	 		
Gain on settlement of certain patent litigation	  	 	—  	 	  	 	—  	 	  	 	(115	) 		
	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 		
Adjusted EBITDA	  	$	3,026		  	$	3,997		  	$	4,393			
	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 		
Less: Merck Retained Products Adjusted EBITDA(1)	  	 	(54	) 	  	 	(110	) 	  	 	(121	) 		
	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 		
Organon Products Adjusted EBITDA	  	$	3,080		  	$	4,107		  	$	4,514			

(1) 	Calculated as net loss under GAAP of $(96) million, $(88) million and $(132) million in 2020, 2019 and 2018, respectively, excluding net interest income, income taxes, depreciation and restructuring costs, which aggregated $(42) million, $22 million and $(11) million in 2020, 2019 and 2018, respectively.	
 
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A reconciliation between GAAP financial measures and adjusted financial measures is as follows:

	($ in millions)	  	2020	 	 	2019	 	 	2018	 	
Income before taxes as reported under GAAP	  	$	2,680		 	$	3,555		 	$	2,729			
Amortization	  	 	85		 	 	285		 	 	1,605			
Restructuring costs	  	 	73		 	 	108		 	 	126			
Other items:	  				 				 					
Organon formation costs	  	 	126		 	 	—  	 	 	 	—  	 		
Gain on settlement of certain patent litigation	  	 	—  	 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	(115	) 		
	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 		
Adjusted income before taxes	  	 	2,964		 	 	3,948		 	 	4,345			
	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 		
Taxes on income as reported under GAAP	  	 	520		 	 	337		 	 	576			
Estimated tax benefit on above items	  	 	48		 	 	67		 	 	219			
Net tax benefit from the settlement of certain federal income tax matters	  	 	—  	 	 	 	258		 	 	—  	 		
	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 		
Adjusted taxes on income	  	 	568		 	 	662		 	 	795			
	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 		
Adjusted Net Income	  	$	2,396		 	$	3,286		 	$	3,550			
	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 		
Less: Merck Retained Products Adjusted Net Loss(1)	  	 	(86	) 	 	 	(66	) 	 	 	(120	) 		
	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 		
Organon Products Adjusted Net Income	  	$	2,482		 	$	3,352		 	$	3,670			

(1) 	Calculated as net loss under GAAP of $(96) million, $(88) million and $(132) million in 2020, 2019, and 2018, respectively, excluding restructuring costs and non-GAAP tax effects, which aggregated $(10) million, $(22) million and $(12) million in 2020, 2019 and 2018, respectively.	
Items excluded from Adjusted EBITDA and Adjusted Net Income are as follows:
 
 	•	 	The amortization of intangible assets recorded in connection with business acquisitions and licensing activities (see Note 8 to our audited annual combined financial statements).	
 
 	•	 	Costs related to restructuring actions, including employee separation costs and costs associated with facilities to be sold or closed, asset abandonment, shut-down and other related costs (see Note 5 to our audited annual combined financial statements).	
 
 	•	 	Other items are adjusted for after they are evaluated on an individual basis considering their quantitative and qualitative aspects. Typically, these consist of items that are unusual in nature, significant to the results of a particular period or not indicative of future operating results. Excluded from Adjusted EBITDA and Adjusted Net Income in 2020 are costs incurred to establish Organon as a standalone entity, primarily employee-related and information technology costs. Excluded from Adjusted EBITDA and Adjusted Net Income in 2018 is a gain on the settlement of certain patent litigation (see Note 10 to our audited annual combined financial statements).	
 
 	•	 	EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA by definition exclude all income taxes. Adjusted Net Income excludes the estimated tax benefit on the reconciling items and a net tax benefit related to the settlement of certain federal income tax matters in 2019 (see Note 14 to our audited annual combined financial statements).	
Analysis of Liquidity and Capital Resources
Historic Liquidity and Capital Resources
We have historically participated in Merck’s centralized treasury management, including its centralized cash pooling and overall financing arrangements. We have historically generated, and expect to continue to generate, positive cash flow from operations. Due to our participation in Merck’s centralized treasury management, the only cash and cash equivalents we have reported on our balance sheet are attributable to the Organon Entities and the Transferring Entities.
 
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Working capital was $894 million in 2020, $2.6 billion in 2019 and $2.2 billion in 2018. The decrease in working capital in 2020 compared with 2019 was primarily due to an increase in related party current liabilities coupled with a decrease in cash and cash equivalents resulting from the establishment of new Organon Entities and subsequent activity between these entities and Merck affiliates. The decline in working capital in 2020 was also attributable to a decrease in accounts receivable due to lower sales and the MRP Distribution, a decline in prepaid taxes and lower inventory also related to the MRP Distribution.
The increase in working capital in 2019 as compared with 2018 was primarily driven by an increase in inventories and a related increase in the income tax consequences deferred for intra-entity inventory transfers reflected in other current assets, a decrease in related party current liabilities due to activity during the period and timing of settlement, a decline in income taxes payable, and an increase in cash and cash equivalents.
Cash provided by operating activities was $2.2 billion in 2020, $2.8 billion in 2019 and $3.7 billion in 2018. Cash provided by operating activities is being unfavorably affected by sales declines. The lower cash provided by operating activities in 2019 compared with 2018 is also attributable in part to higher tax payments related to settlements with the Internal Revenue Service.
Cash used in investing activities was $258 million in 2020, $102 million in 2019 and $69 million in 2018, mostly reflecting capital expenditures.
Cash used in financing activities was $2.2 billion in 2020, $2.6 billion in 2019 and $4.2 billion in 2018, reflecting transactions with Merck (see Note 17 to our audited annual combined financial statements).
Merck has accounts receivable factoring agreements with financial institutions in certain countries to sell accounts receivable. Merck factored $227 million and $488 million of accounts receivable related to us in the fourth quarter of 2020 and 2019, respectively, under these factoring arrangements, which reduced outstanding accounts receivable. The cash received from the financial institutions is reported within operating activities in the combined statement of cash flows.
Post Spin-Off Liquidity and Capital Resources
Subsequent to the spin-off, we will no longer participate in cash management and funding arrangements with Merck. Our ability to fund our operations and capital needs depends upon our ability to generate ongoing cash from operations and to access the capital markets. Our principal uses of cash in the future will be primarily to fund our operations, working capital needs, capital expenditures, repayment of borrowings, payment of dividends and strategic business development transactions.
We expect to incur indebtedness in connection with the spin-off, of which a portion will be paid to Merck as a distribution. See “Description of Certain Indebtedness.” Following the debt incurrence, distribution to Merck and cash contributed from Merck in connection with the formation of various Organon entities, we expect to begin operations as an independent company with cash and cash equivalents as set forth under “Capitalization.” We believe that our financing arrangements, future cash from operations and access to capital markets will provide adequate resources to fund our future cash flow needs.
Our contractual obligations as of December 31, 2020 were as follows:

 	  	Payments Due by Period	 		
	($ in millions)	  	Total	 	  	2021	 	  	2022—2023	 	  	2024—2025	 	  	Thereafter	 	
Purchase obligations(1)	  	$	954		  	$	170		  	$	308		  	$	260		  	$	216			
Leases(2)	  	 	79		  	 	22		  	 	35		  	 	19		  	 	3			
	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 		
	  	$	1,033		  	$	192		  	$	343		  	$	279		  	$	219			

(1)	Includes inventory purchase commitments.	
(2)	Amounts exclude reasonably certain lease renewals that have not yet been executed (see Note 9 to our audited annual combined financial statements).	
 
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Purchase obligations are enforceable and legally binding obligations for purchases of goods and services. Payments of the transition tax related to the TCJA are not reflected in the table above as this liability will be retained by Merck pursuant to the tax matters agreement that Merck and Organon will enter into in connection with the separation. In addition, Organon is expected to be responsible for unrecognized tax benefits pursuant to the tax matters agreement to the extent a reserve relates exclusively to separate tax returns filed by Organon. These reserves amounted to $50 million at December 31, 2020. Due to the high degree of uncertainty regarding the timing of future cash outflows of liabilities for unrecognized tax benefits beyond one year, a reasonable estimate of the period of cash settlement for years beyond 2021 cannot be made and as such, are not reflected in the table above. Contingent milestone payments related to collaborative arrangements are not reflected in the table above because they are not considered contractual obligations until the successful achievement of the related regulatory approval milestones.
Financial Instruments Market Risk Disclosures
Foreign Currency Risk Management
We operate on a global basis and are exposed to the risk that our earnings, cash flows and equity could be adversely affected by fluctuations in foreign exchange rates. We are primarily exposed to foreign exchange risk with respect to forecasted transactions and net assets denominated in the euro, Japanese yen and Chinese renminbi. Merck manages the impact of foreign exchange rate movements on its affiliate’s earnings, cash flows and fair values of assets and liabilities through operational means and through the use of various financial instruments, including derivative instruments. Merck has established revenue hedging and balance sheet risk management programs to protect against the volatility of future foreign currency cash flows and changes in fair value caused by volatility in exchange rates that we participate in. Accordingly, the combined statement of income includes the impact of Merck’s derivative financial instruments that is deemed to be associated with our operations and has been allocated to us utilizing a proportional allocation method. The fair values of outstanding derivative instruments have not been allocated to our combined balance sheet. Following the spin-off, we intend to implement a foreign currency risk management program on our own behalf.
We estimate a hypothetical 10% adverse movement in foreign currency exchange rates would not be material to our financial position, results of operations or cash flows.
Interest Rate Risk Management
Our combined balance sheet and statement of income do not include an allocation of third-party debt or interest expense from Merck because we are not the legal obligor of the debt and the borrowings were not directly attributable to our business. We expect to incur indebtedness in connection with the spin-off, at which time our exposure to interest rate risk is expected to increase.
Critical Accounting Estimates
The audited annual combined financial statements are prepared in conformity with GAAP and, accordingly, include certain amounts that are based on management’s best estimates and judgments. Estimates are used in determining the allocation of costs and expenses from Merck, and are used in determining such items as provisions for sales discounts and returns, depreciable and amortizable lives, recoverability of inventories, valuation of goodwill and intangibles, amounts recorded for contingencies, environmental liabilities and other reserves, pension and share-based compensation assumptions, restructuring costs, and taxes on income. Because of the uncertainty inherent in such estimates, actual results may differ from these estimates.
Revenue Recognition
Recognition of revenue requires evidence of a contract, probable collection of sales proceeds and completion of substantially all performance obligations. We act as the principal in our customer arrangements
 
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and therefore record revenue on a gross basis. The majority of our contracts have a single performance obligation—the promise to transfer goods. Shipping is considered immaterial in the context of the overall customer arrangement and damages or loss of goods in transit are rare. Therefore, shipping is not deemed a separately recognized performance obligation.
Revenues from sales of products, including sales of Merck Retained Products to affiliates by the Organon Entities and the Transferring Entities, are recognized at a point in time when control of the goods is transferred to the customer, which we have determined is when title and risks and rewards of ownership transfer to the customer and we are entitled to payment.
The nature of our business gives rise to several types of variable consideration including discounts and returns, which are estimated at the time of sale generally using the expected value method, although the most likely amount method is used for prompt pay discounts.
In the United States, sales discounts are issued to customers at the point-of-sale, through an intermediary wholesaler (known as chargebacks), or in the form of rebates. Additionally, sales are generally made with a limited right of return under certain conditions. Revenues are recorded net of provisions for sales discounts and returns, which are established at the time of sale. In addition, revenues are recorded net of time value of money discounts if collection of accounts receivable is expected to be in excess of one year.
The provision for aggregate customer discounts in the United States covers chargebacks and rebates. Chargebacks are discounts that occur when a contracted customer purchases through an intermediary wholesaler. The contracted customer generally purchases product from the wholesaler at its contracted price plus a mark-up. The wholesaler, in turn, charges us back for the difference between the price initially paid by the wholesaler and the contract price paid to the wholesaler by the customer. The provision for chargebacks is based on expected sell-through levels by our wholesale customers to contracted customers, as well as estimated wholesaler inventory levels. Rebates are amounts owed based upon definitive contractual agreements or legal requirements with private sector and public sector (Medicaid and Medicare Part D) benefit providers, after the final dispensing of the product by a pharmacy to a benefit plan participant. The provision for rebates is based on expected patient usage, as well as inventory levels in the distribution channel to determine the contractual obligation to the benefit providers. We use historical customer segment utilization mix, sales forecasts, changes to product mix and price, inventory levels in the distribution channel, government pricing calculations and prior payment history in order to estimate the expected provision. Amounts accrued for aggregate customer discounts are evaluated on a quarterly basis through comparison of information provided by the wholesalers, health maintenance organizations, pharmacy benefit managers, federal and state agencies, and other customers to the amounts accrued.
We continually monitor our provision for aggregate customer discounts. There were no material adjustments to estimates associated with the aggregate customer discount provision in 2020, 2019 or 2018.
Summarized information about changes in the aggregate customer discount accrual related to sales in the United States is as follows:

	($ in millions)	  	2020	 	  	2019	 	
Balance January 1	  	$	365		  	$	404			
Provision	  	 	1,770		  	 	1,885			
Payments	  	 	(1,792	) 	  	 	(1,924	) 		
	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 		
Balance December 31	  	$	343		  	$	365			
	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 		
Accruals for chargebacks are reflected as a direct reduction to accounts receivable and accruals for rebates as current liabilities. The accrued balances relative to these provisions included in Accounts receivable and Accrued and other current liabilities were $41 million and $302 million, respectively, at December 31, 2020 and were $52 million and $313 million, respectively, at December 31, 2019.
 
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Outside of the United States, variable consideration in the form of discounts and rebates are a combination of commercially-driven discounts in highly competitive product classes, discounts required to gain or maintain reimbursement, or legislatively mandated rebates. In certain European countries, legislatively mandated rebates are calculated based on an estimate of the government’s total unbudgeted spending and our specific payback obligation. Rebates may also be required based on specific product sales thresholds. We apply an estimated factor against our actual invoiced sales to represent the expected level of future discount or rebate obligations associated with the sale.
We maintain a returns policy that allows our customers in the United States to return product within a specified period prior to and subsequent to the expiration date (generally, three to six months before and 12 months after product expiration). The estimate of the provision for returns is based upon historical experience with actual returns. Additionally, we consider factors such as levels of inventory in the distribution channel, product dating and expiration period, whether products have been discontinued, entrance in the market of generic competition, changes in formularies or launch of over-the-counter products, among others. Outside of the United States, returns are only allowed in certain countries on a limited basis.
Our payment terms for customers in the United States are typically 36 days from receipt of invoice. Outside of the United States, payment terms are typically 30 days to 90 days, although certain markets have longer payment terms.
Contingencies and Environmental Liabilities
We are involved in various claims and legal proceedings of a nature considered normal to our business, including product liability, intellectual property, and commercial litigation, as well as certain additional matters including governmental and environmental matters (see Note 10 to our audited annual combined financial statements).
We record accruals for contingencies when it is probable that a liability has been incurred and the amount can be reasonably estimated. These accruals are adjusted periodically as assessments change or additional information becomes available. For product liability claims, a portion of the overall accrual is actuarially determined and considers such factors as past experience, number of claims reported and estimates of claims incurred but not yet reported. Individually significant contingent losses are accrued when probable and reasonably estimable.
Legal defense costs expected to be incurred in connection with a loss contingency are accrued when probable and reasonably estimable. Some of the significant factors considered in the review of these legal defense reserves are as follows: the actual costs incurred by us; the development of our legal defense strategy and structure in light of the scope of the litigation; the number of cases being brought against us; the costs and outcomes of completed trials and the most current information regarding anticipated timing, progression, and related costs of pre-trial activities and trials in the associated litigation. The amount of legal defense reserves as of December 31, 2020 and 2019 of approximately $35 million and $40 million, respectively, represents our best estimate of the minimum amount of defense costs to be incurred in connection with our outstanding litigation; however, events such as additional trials and other events that could arise in the course of the litigation could affect the ultimate amount of legal defense costs to be incurred by us. We will continue to monitor our legal defense costs and review the adequacy of the associated reserves and may determine to increase the reserves at any time in the future if, based upon the factors set forth, we believe it would be appropriate to do so.
We believe that there are no compliance issues associated with applicable environmental laws and regulations that would have a material adverse effect on us. Expenditures for remediation and environmental liabilities were $1 million in 2020, and are estimated at $18 million in the aggregate for the years 2021 through 2025. In management’s opinion, the liabilities for all environmental matters that are probable and reasonably estimable have been accrued and totaled $24 million and $21 million at December 31, 2020 and 2019,
 
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respectively. These liabilities are undiscounted, do not consider potential recoveries from other parties and will be paid out over the periods of remediation for the applicable sites, which are expected to occur primarily over the next 15 years. Although it is not possible to predict with certainty the outcome of these matters, or the ultimate costs of remediation, management does not believe that any reasonably possible expenditures that may be incurred in excess of the liabilities accrued should exceed $20 million in the aggregate. Management also does not believe that these expenditures should result in a material adverse effect on our financial condition, results of operations or liquidity for any year.
Impairments of Long-Lived Assets
We assess changes in economic, regulatory and legal conditions and make assumptions regarding estimated future cash flows in evaluating the value of our property, plant and equipment, goodwill and other intangible assets.
We periodically evaluate whether current facts or circumstances indicate that the carrying values of our long-lived assets to be held and used may not be recoverable. If such circumstances are determined to exist, an estimate of the undiscounted future cash flows of these assets, or appropriate asset groupings, is compared to the carrying value to determine whether an impairment exists. If the asset is determined to be impaired, the loss is measured based on the difference between the asset’s fair value and its carrying value. If quoted market prices are not available, we estimate fair value using a discounted value of estimated future cash flows approach.
Goodwill represents the excess of the consideration transferred over the fair value of net assets of businesses acquired. Goodwill, attributable only to the Organon Products reporting unit, is evaluated for impairment on at least an annual basis, or more frequently if impairment indicators exist, by first assessing qualitative factors to determine whether it is more likely than not that fair value is less than carrying value. Some of the factors considered in the assessment include general macroeconomic conditions, conditions specific to the industry and market, cost factors which could have a significant effect on earnings or cash flows, and overall financial performance. If we conclude it is more likely than not that fair value is less than carrying value, a quantitative fair value test is performed. If carrying value is greater than fair value, a goodwill impairment charge will be recorded for the difference (up to the carrying value of goodwill). As of the most recent goodwill impairment testing date, the reporting unit’s fair value exceeded its carrying value by a substantial amount.
Other acquired intangible assets are initially recorded at fair value, assigned an estimated useful life, and amortized primarily on a straight-line basis over their estimated useful lives. When events or circumstances warrant a review, we will assess recoverability from future operations using pretax undiscounted cash flows derived from the lowest appropriate asset groupings. Impairments are recognized in operating results to the extent that the carrying value of the intangible asset exceeds its fair value, which is determined based on the net present value of estimated future cash flows.
The judgments made in evaluating impairment of long-lived intangibles can materially affect our results of operations.
Taxes on Income
Income tax expense and deferred tax balances in the audited annual combined financial statements have been calculated on a separate tax return basis. Our operations are included in the tax returns of certain Organon Entities, Transferring Entities or the respective Merck entities of which our business is a part. We believe the assumptions supporting the allocation and presentation of income taxes on a separate return basis are reasonable. One of these assumptions is that we, on a standalone basis, will not benefit from certain tax incentives that historically benefited Merck.
Deferred taxes are recognized for the future tax effects of temporary differences between financial and income tax reporting based on enacted tax laws and rates. We establish valuation allowances for our deferred tax
 
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assets when the amount of expected future taxable income is not likely to support the use of the deduction or credit. We evaluate tax positions to determine whether the benefits of tax positions are more likely than not of being sustained upon audit based on the technical merits of the tax position. For tax positions that are more likely than not of being sustained upon audit, we recognize the largest amount of the benefit that is greater than 50% likely of being realized upon ultimate settlement in the financial statements. For tax positions that are not more likely than not of being sustained upon audit, we do not recognize any portion of the benefit in the financial statements. We recognize interest and penalties associated with uncertain tax positions as a component of Taxes on income in the combined statement of income.
We do not maintain an income taxes payable to or from account as it is deemed to be settled with the tax paying entities in the respective jurisdictions. These settlements are reflected as changes in Net investment from Parent on the combined balance sheet. However, our combined balance sheet reflects balances with taxing authorities for certain Organon Entities and Transferring Entities and the one-time transition tax resulting from the TCJA, as well as for unrecognized income tax benefits along with related interest and penalties. We and Merck will enter into a tax matters agreement prior to the separation. See “Certain Relationships and Related Party Transactions—Agreements with Merck—Tax Matters Agreement.”
 
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Business
Overview
Organon is a science-based global pharmaceutical company that develops and delivers innovative health solutions through a portfolio of prescription therapies within women’s health, biosimilars and established brands. No other large global pharmaceutical company has women’s health as its primary therapeutic area of focus. Our women’s health portfolio has historically delivered strong revenues, underpinned by our contraceptives products, which include Nexplanon / Implanon NXT, our patented long-acting reversible contraceptive, with its sales growing at an 11% CAGR between 2010 and 2020. Our biosimilars portfolio has delivered more than $650 million in sales since 2017, and we expect growth will be fueled by planned launches in the United States and Europe. Finally, our established brands portfolio continues to generate strong operating profit across many markets, including the United States, China, Japan, Korea and countries in Europe, despite loss of market exclusivity across a majority of brands. For many of our products, the impacts of loss of patent exclusivity events in the United States and Europe have passed, and, as a result, combined with enhanced management focus, an established supply chain and targeted resourcing, we believe that our portfolio will continue to deliver strong, reliable operating profit at low promotional and development expense requirements. See “—Products” for more information on loss of patent exclusivity for our key products.
Our mission is to be the world’s leading women’s health company and deliver a better and healthier every day for every woman. We plan to build on our strengths in reproductive health to assemble an array of health solutions to serve women from adolescence to menopause and beyond. We are focused on generating strong and growing cash flow by selectively investing in development and inorganic opportunities to drive innovation and future growth across our core areas. Our portfolio of diverse and branded products is supported by commercialization and market access, regulatory affairs, manufacturing and clinical development expertise globally. Our global footprint lends scale to our business by enabling management to identify and focus on unique market opportunities across our broad portfolio.
Our women’s health, biosimilars and established brands portfolios, together with the expertise and experience of our employees, enable us to pursue an exciting innovation agenda, carving out a unique position in the health care sector. Our product portfolio is unified by a central focus on patient needs addressed by our therapies, a commitment to driving organic and inorganic growth, a heritage of successful commercialization and clinical development, and a disciplined approach to cost and operational efficiency. We believe our women’s health portfolio, in combination with our biosimilars and established brands portfolios, will enable us to deliver value to patients and the health care system while creating value for our shareholders. We also believe our geographic scale, long heritage and sustained successes within women’s health will enable us to become the commercialization and distribution partner of choice for smaller women’s health companies. Our global commercial capabilities and market access, established relationships with health care providers, patients and payors and clinical expertise support our long-term strategy to launch therapies and recognize development opportunities within and beyond our existing portfolios.
Our business strategy is focused on advancing our mission to be the world’s leading women’s health company, pursuing growth in biosimilars and maximizing opportunities from our established brands portfolio. In particular:
 
 	•	 	We believe there is significant growth potential in women’s health broadly. In addition to our ten marketed products, we intend to focus our growth efforts in two areas, on needs and conditions that uniquely impact women, generally referred to as the core women’s health market, and on needs and conditions that disproportionately impact women. We estimate that the combined global market for pharmaceuticals in the core women’s health market, which includes therapeutic areas such as contraception and fertility, endometriosis and uterine fibroids, was $33 billion in 2020. We project that the core women’s health market will grow to $40 billion by 2026. In addition, we estimate that the segment of therapeutic areas that disproportionately impact women, such as osteoporosis, lupus, urinary tract infections, migraines and celiac disease, will grow annually at an approximately 10% CAGR from 2020 to 2026, adding a further $21 billion to the core women’s health market size estimates.	
 
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 	•	 	Our existing biosimilars portfolio positions us for success in this attractive and fast growing area of health care. We estimate the total size of the global market for biosimilars was approximately $17.3 billion as of September 2020, reflecting 60 biosimilars approved in the EU and 29 approved in the United States. Industry publications estimate that 54 major biologics, with an aggregate market value of approximately $220 billion, will lose patent protection in the next decade, which has potential to expand the biosimilars global market to over $30 billion in the next decade or so. We do not have biosimilars corresponding to all biologics that will lose patent protection in the next decade. All five biosimilars in our portfolio have launched in certain countries globally, including two biosimilars in the United States. We intend to expand our biosimilars portfolio through commercialization of additional products and expanded marketing of existing products. We believe our size, capabilities and experience position us competitively in this area.	
 
 	•	 	Our established brands portfolio consists of 49 products covering cardiovascular, respiratory, dermatology and non-opioid pain management. A number of our established brands that face generic competition still contribute meaningful profitability. We intend to stimulate the performance of our established brands products through renewed focus and attention on strategic marketing to create a significant source of capital to fuel the company’s growth aspirations. We believe our established brands products will, over time, continue to deliver meaningful revenue and operating profit that can be redirected into organic and inorganic growth opportunities in key product areas and geographies. Our established brands portfolio is supported by our large commercial and manufacturing capabilities, including a global network that enables us to distribute products to patients in more than 140 countries and territories.	
Key Products

Women’s Health	 	Biosimilars	 	Established Brands	

			

	 		 		

			

In 2020, the Organon Products segment recorded revenue of $6.5 billion and generated $2.3 billion of net income. We expect to be well positioned for low to mid-single digit annual revenue growth off of a 2021 base year. We operate on a global scale and our global network enables us to distribute products to patients in more than 140 countries and territories around the world, with approximately 80% of 2020 Organon
 
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Products segment revenue, or $5.1 billion, generated outside the United States. Upon the separation, we will have approximately 9,950 employees worldwide, with approximately 4,030 employees focusing on sales, marketing and key commercialization activities and approximately 730 employees focusing on clinical development, safety, and medical affairs and product registration. Additionally, we expect to operate six manufacturing sites globally and have approximately 3,020 manufacturing employees.
Our operations are principally managed on a products basis and include two operating segments, the Organon Products segment and the Merck Retained Products segment. We consider the Organon Products segment to be our only business going forward, and, as such, all discussion and financial information presented in this section relates only to the Organon Products segment.
Upon separation, Merck will retain operations of the Merck Retained Products segment and we will no longer present financial information related to this segment in our financial statements. See “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.”
Organon is a Delaware corporation incorporated on March 11, 2020. Our corporate offices are located at 30 Hudson Street, 33rd Floor, Jersey City, New Jersey 07302.
Strengths
We have a number of advantages that distinguish us from our competitors and support our strategy:
 
 	•	 	Leading portfolio of health solutions for women. We intend to be the world’s leading women’s health company, with a long history of innovative, first-to-market contraceptive products. We have a broad offering of contraception and fertility brands that we believe have long-term growth potential, and we are one of only two global contraception manufacturers operating in the highly fragmented contraception market. Our portfolio of ten products includes Nexplanon / Implanon NXT, globally one of the highest revenue generating long-acting reversible contraceptives, or LARC, a class of contraceptives recognized as the most effective method of hormonal contraception available to patients with a lower long-term average cost. Our management team has the development and commercial expertise to drive innovation in therapeutics and drug-device combinations across the women’s health landscape through opportunities related to our existing portfolio and by externally sourcing therapies through in-licensing, acquisition and other business development transactions with innovators seeking to benefit from our global commercial presence in women’s health.	
 
 	•	 	Growing position in biosimilars. We have a growing position in biosimilars. We have strong, global commercialization capabilities, with a portfolio spanning oncology and immunology treatments, two areas primed for significant growth in biosimilars. We plan to continue evaluating opportunities in other potential therapeutic areas, including ophthalmology, diabetes and neuroscience. Our oncology biosimilars have been launched in 20 countries and our immunology biosimilars have been launched in five countries. All five biosimilars in our portfolio have launched in certain countries globally, including two biosimilars in the United States. We expect that our biosimilars business will continue to generate growth in the near term.	
 
 	•	 	Market Leading Established Brands. In established brands, we have a broad and robust portfolio of mature brands generally beyond market exclusivity, including leading brands in cardiovascular, respiratory, dermatology and non-opioid pain management. Our established brands portfolio generates strong operating profit, which we anticipate will continue to fund our future growth. We have proven development, regulatory, manufacturing and commercial capabilities, which we believe will support growth in targeted existing geographies, new geographies, and through new indications and line extensions.	
 
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 	•	 	Broad and fit-for-purpose capabilities. We have enterprise capabilities delivered by seasoned leaders in global commercialization and market access, regulatory affairs, manufacturing and clinical development. In particular, our capabilities include:	
 
 	•	 	Global commercialization expertise: Our experienced team will execute targeted investment in, and successful commercialization of, organic growth opportunities across our global portfolio. These efforts will be supported by data-driven, science-based decision-making and execution at scale, enabled by data and analytics and by digital engagement of health care providers and patients.	
 
 	•	 	Development capabilities: We have approximately 730 employees focused on clinical development, safety, medical affairs and product registration. Our employees have deep expertise in these areas that we believe will facilitate generation of robust clinical data capable of enabling rapid global product registration, as well as valuable insights to expand the commercial reach of our portfolio.	
 
 	•	 	Digital and omni-channel marketing capabilities: We market our products using a digital and omni-channel approach, reaching a broad base of market participants, including health care providers, patients and policy makers and payors in a cost-efficient manner. Our health care provider, patient and payor-focused relationship management is facilitated by an integrated digital ecosystem that coordinates health care provider and patient engagement across many channels, including face-to-face, email, social media, mobile and websites.	
 
 	•	 	Strategic alliances: We have an extensive track record of managing strategic alliances and creating value through global partnerships to guide investment and growth in inorganic pipeline opportunities. For example, our collaboration with Samsung Bioepis allows us to work together with a biopharmaceutical company that complements our capabilities and strengths.	
 
 	•	 	Established manufacturing and supply chain: Beyond our commercial capabilities, we expect to have approximately 440 employees operating in supply chain management, which we believe, together with our manufacturing capabilities, will enable us to maintain a high-quality, reliable global supply chain. See “—Manufacturing Capabilities and Global Supply Chain.”	
 
 	•	 	Geographic scale and platform. In 2020, we generated $5.1 billion in sales outside the United States, representing approximately 80% of our total Organon Products segment sales. Our footprint spans the globe with a direct presence in 58 countries and the ability to deliver therapies to patients in more than 140 countries and territories. We plan to initially focus on 14 key markets, which currently generate approximately 75% of our global sales, and we expect our broader geographic reach and manufacturing capabilities to drive long-term growth and expansion opportunities. Specifically, in women’s health and biosimilars, we believe our global footprint will enable us to expand the market for our current products in order to meet the increasing demand for these products. We also believe our geographic scale, long heritage and sustained successes within women’s health will enable us to become the commercialization and distribution partner of choice for smaller women’s health companies. In established brands, where opportunities vary significantly depending on the exact dynamics and characteristics of each country, we believe our geographic scale enables us to capitalize on global opportunities and increase brand share by responding to these dynamics.	
 
 	•	 	Strong financial profile with significant free cash flow generation and improving operating leverage. In 2020, the Organon Products segment generated approximately $2.3 billion in operating cash flow and spent $255 million on capital expenditures. The Organon Products segment also generated Adjusted EBITDA of $3.1 billion on $6.5 billion of sales, representing an EBITDA margin of approximately 47%. We expect that 2021 operating cash flow from the Organon Products Segment will be comparable to, though slightly down from, 2020 before the impact of estimated interest expense. We anticipate we will continue to generate significant cash flow and expect our operating leverage to improve in the future.	
 
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 	•	 	Scientific heritage, expertise and culture of excellence inherited from Merck. Merck’s rich, over-125-year scientific heritage is imbued in our strong scientific principles, innovative development strategies and quality-focused culture. Building on our heritage of regulatory and scientific expertise, we expect to have the capabilities to continue to optimize pathways for clinical development and regulatory approvals as well as data generation capabilities required to support patient access, formulary placement and reimbursement.	
 
 	•	 	Strong, leading and established brand in the area of women’s health. The Organon brand has a long history in the area of women’s health, both with patients and health care providers, and with employees who initially came to Merck through the acquisition of Organon. Our proud heritage in women’s health began with Organon’s launch of one of the first-ever combined hormonal oral contraceptives, Lyndiol, in 1962. This was followed by an impressive series of innovative firsts, including:	
 
 	•	 	the launch of Marvelon in 1981, the first lower dose (30mcg) estrogen combined oral contraceptive with a selective progestin,	
 
 	•	 	the launch of Livial in 1987, the first non-estrogen gonadomimetic hormonal replacement treatment,	
 
 	•	 	the launch of Follistim, the first recombinant follicle-stimulating hormone available in the United States for infertility,	
 
 	•	 	the launch of NuvaRing in 2001, the first once-a-month contraceptive ring, and	
 
 	•	 	the launch of Nexplanon / Implanon NXT in 2011, the first and only single-rod radiopaque contraceptive implant with preloaded applicator.	
 
 	•	 	Experienced management team and Board with track record of successful performance. Our executive management team has a strong track record of leadership, performance and execution in the pharmaceutical industry. Together, they bring a diverse set of leadership experience at respected companies both within and beyond the biopharmaceutical industry. Our CEO and a majority of our executive leadership team have been appointed from within Merck where they each established reputations as global leaders. Our management team is supported by a seasoned Board of Directors providing guidance and strategic vision based on a diverse set of backgrounds and experiences. The extensive company and industry experience of our management team as well as our Board of Directors will serve as a source of strength and innovation to guide us into the future.	
Strategies
Our strategy is to be the world’s leading women’s health company by leveraging our historical strength in this area and investing in therapies and innovations that support the medical needs of women, to pursue growth in biosimilars and to maximize opportunities from our established brands, all while reinvesting our strong operating cash flow to fund growth initiatives across our portfolio. We believe our portfolio will benefit from the increased investment and attention we can provide as an independent company. Our focus will be to:
 
 	•	 	Leverage our existing position in women’s health to become the global leader in this space. No other large global pharmaceutical company has women’s health as its primary therapeutic area of focus. We intend to be the world’s leading women’s health company to address the needs and conditions that uniquely and disproportionately impact women. We plan to achieve this by leveraging our scale, deep experience, geographic reach, strong relationships with payors, health care providers, large clinics and important stakeholder groups such as societies, patients and scientific leaders to grow revenue for our contraception and fertility brands and expand into additional women’s health therapeutic areas, and through strategic acquisitions and collaborations. In 2020, approximately one quarter of our revenue was derived from women’s health products and, over time, we expect to grow this share by:	
 
 	•	 	expanding the marketing and distribution of our key brands, including Nexplanon / Implanon NXT, Follistim and Elonva,	
 
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 	•	 	investing in manufacturing to expand the supply capacity for Nexplanon / Implanon NXT and our fertility product portfolio,	
 
 	•	 	focusing our contraception commercial strategy on expanding global access to Nexplanon / Implanon NXT and increasing communication and education about LARC, which we believe will expand the market opportunity for Nexplanon / Implanon NXT,	
 
 	•	 	focusing our fertility commercial strategy on increasing communication and education about antagonist protocols, which we believe will expand the market opportunity for both Follistim and Elonva,	
 
 	•	 	applying our long history of women’s health scientific development experience to invest in late lifecycle activities that will broaden the geographic footprint of our women’s health portfolio and further enhance the value of the portfolio, and	
 
 	•	 	tracking scientific innovation globally to source commercialized and development-stage inorganic opportunities across women’s health broadly in order to develop products that target specific unmet medical need in conditions that impact women both uniquely and disproportionately.	
 
 	•	 	Maximize value from our biosimilars portfolio through increased focus and strategic investment. We believe that the biosimilars market offers potential for value creation for a company with our strengths. In the short term, we are focused on commercializing the five biosimilars sourced from our collaboration with Samsung Bioepis, including the recent EU launch of Aybintio in oncology. In the longer term, we expect to focus on expanding our portfolio through ongoing identification and evaluation of new opportunities in therapeutic areas such as oncology, immunology, ophthalmology, diabetes and neuroscience, both through our Samsung Bioepis collaboration and through other potential collaborations. We believe that our focused approach enables us to further capitalize on the momentum in the biosimilars industry to drive growth through commercialization of additional biosimilars and expansion of our existing products into additional countries. In addition, we believe the biosimilars market will continue to favorably mature through continued policy efforts, both in the United States, and globally, that recognize the important role biosimilars can play in alleviating cost pressures for health care systems. In addition, we believe our commercial experience, particularly in the areas of tendering and policy, obtained from our prior biosimilars launches (Renflexis in the United States and Ontruzant in the United States and the European Union (“EU”)), provides us a competitive advantage in the market.	
 
 	•	 	Drive near-term growth through investment in our existing portfolio. We believe that our broad portfolio affords us a range of options to drive future growth by developing products that target specific unmet medical need, including in-licenses, commercial collaborations, partnerships and acquisitions consistent with our focused strategy. For example, our established brands portfolio has a particularly strong foothold in emerging markets where we have a broad base of products enabling us to build targeted additional product offerings and developments. We expect that greater managerial focus to capture local market opportunities, along with targeted investments in expanding our geographic footprint, digital promotion and commercial trade channels, will provide new revenue opportunities for select brands in our established brands portfolio. We also believe there are meaningful opportunities to be realized through further investment in, and lifecycle management of, our current products across our portfolios.	
 
 	•	 	Drive long-term growth through investment in inorganic opportunities. To drive longer-term growth, we intend to expand our scientific capabilities in targeted therapeutic areas through investment in inorganic opportunities and acquisitions in order to further augment our existing product businesses. We believe these investments will help us build a development pipeline that will drive our future revenues.	
 
 	•	 	Enhance our digital and omni-channel marketing capabilities to drive growth. Our commercial strategy focuses on growing our product portfolio by increasing productivity across our sales force and	
 
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 	leveraging digital channels, data and analytics to improve the return on investment in health care provider and patient engagement. We plan to continually expand our digital and omni-channel capabilities to optimize sales opportunities for our products and to further invest in digital engagement models that allow us to reach our customers and patients effectively. We also plan to further strengthen the design and execution of personalized omni-channel campaigns, engaging health care providers and patients through the most cost-effective channels and building upon existing strengths, such as our sophisticated capabilities to successfully target women and maximize our promotional response, which we achieved through nearly 10 years of executing and analyzing women’s health consumer campaigns in the United States.	
 
 	•	 	Drive efficiency to improve operating leverage and cash flow. As an independent company, we intend to focus on delivering operating efficiencies. We have identified a number of key areas in which we plan to generate cost efficiencies by simplifying our operating model, standardizing and centralizing service activities and designing and enhancing our commercial model and supply chain functions. We also plan to leverage external providers where there is a cost and service advantage. In addition, we are in the process of implementing systems and process improvements to reduce general and administrative costs, and simplify our infrastructure following the termination of our transition services agreement with Merck. We believe the combination of these efficiencies will allow us to drive growth in free cash flow.	
 
 	•	 	Deploy our free cash flow to invest in our existing product portfolio, fund inorganic opportunities and return capital to our shareholders. We are committed to the success of our existing product portfolio and plan to make commercial decisions that will allow us to maximize its value. In addition, we plan to invest in inorganic growth opportunities such as in-licenses, commercial collaborations and acquisitions of development-stage or in-market products. We also plan to acquire products that fit within our existing commercial infrastructure, which we believe will generate attractive risk-adjusted returns on investment. There are inorganic growth opportunities, particularly in women’s health and biosimilars, that we plan to target. We believe that our global commercial and market access capabilities, regulatory affairs, specialized manufacturing and clinical development expertise, will enable us to evaluate and integrate external opportunities. In addition, we plan to pay a dividend to our shareholders, pay down debt consistent with our financial policy and, to the extent that we generate excess free cash flow, we will consider returning additional free cash flow to our shareholders via share repurchases. We expect our targeted dividend payout to be in the low 20s as a percentage of post-separation Adjusted Net Income.	
 
 	•	 	Capitalize on our status as a newly independent company to align our talented employee base with our performance expectations and drive a culture of high performance. Our strong heritage of excellence and scientific foundation enables us to approach complex problems with innovative science-based solutions. As a new, independent company, we have a rare opportunity to forge a distinct identity and align hiring, training, development and incentive activities around a clear set of performance expectations related to our core strategy. To establish this culture, we plan to draw upon key aspects of our shared history with Merck while charting a new course. We expect to be a performance-focused and entrepreneurial company with simplified organizational layers and governance, and a focus on alignment and leadership empowerment that enables our leaders to understand and address the evolving and unmet medical need of patients and health care providers around the world.	
 
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Products
We are engaged in developing and delivering innovative health solutions through a diverse portfolio of products serving patient needs across multiple therapeutic areas and product categories, consisting of women’s health, biosimilars and established brands. These portfolios are further described below, together with select details for products within each group. Our sales for each of our product groups are as follows:

	($ in millions)	  	2020	 	  	2019	 	  	2018	 	
					
Women’s Health	  	$	1,555	 	  	$	2,264	 	  	$	2,293	 		
					
Biosimilars	  	$	330	 	  	$	253	 	  	$	64	 		
					
Established Brands	  	$	4,540	 	  	$	5,159	 	  	$	5,887	 		
Approximately 90% of our 2020 sales came from products that no longer have patent exclusivity in the United States or EU. Within this group, Cozaar/Hyzaar, which lost patent protection in the United States and EU in 2010, saw a revenue decline of approximately 41% in that year; Nuvaring experienced a 73% decline in sales in 2020 following loss of patent protection in major markets in April 2018 and generic entry in the United States in 2019; Singulair, which lost patent protection in the United States in 2012 and in the EU in 2013, saw a revenue decline of approximately 78% in 2013 as compared to 2011; and Zetia, which saw generic entry in the United States in December 2016, and lost patent protection in the United States in 2017 and in the EU in 2018, saw a revenue decline of approximately 77% in 2019 as compared to 2016.
Women’s Health Portfolio
In 2020, our women’s health portfolio accounted for $1.6 billion, or approximately 24%, of Organon Products segment sales, with approximately 45%, or $697 million, generated outside the United States. Our women’s health products are sold by prescription in two therapeutic areas, contraception, with key brands such as Nexplanon / Implanon NXT and NuvaRing, and fertility, with key brands such as Follistim and Elonva. We are a global leader by revenue in the hormonal contraception market, offering a broad portfolio of products across three core hormonal contraceptive market segments: daily pill, monthly ring and LARC. Our women’s health products are sold in over 90 markets worldwide, including the United States, China, Canada, Australia, Brazil, Mexico and many other countries in the EU, South America, Asia and Africa.
Women’s Health Market and Opportunity
We intend to pursue opportunities in the broad women’s health market as part of our future strategy. Our classification of women’s health includes two areas: needs and conditions that uniquely impact women, generally referred to as the core women’s health market; and needs and conditions that disproportionately impact women. We estimate that the combined global market for pharmaceuticals in the core women’s health market, which includes therapeutic areas such as contraception and fertility, endometriosis and uterine fibroids, was $33 billion in 2020. We project that the core women’s health market will grow to $40 billion by 2026. In addition, we estimate that the segment of therapeutic areas that disproportionately impact women, such as osteoporosis, lupus, urinary tract infections, migraines and celiac disease, will grow annually at an approximately 10% CAGR from 2020 to 2026, adding a further $21 billion to the core women’s health market size estimates.
We believe governments and payors are implementing favorable policies across major markets that, in turn, drive growth in the market for women’s health therapies. For example, in the United States, there has been an increase in fertility insurance mandates and employer coverage, albeit subject to certain exemptions. In Canada, there is strong public and private reimbursement for contraception, accompanied by increased use of LARCs. Across Latin America, there is a significant untapped opportunity for LARCs, particularly given high rates of unintended pregnancy. The women’s health market has also been traditionally underserved in terms of science-
 
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based solutions that address unmet medical need. Despite the pipeline of new women’s health products in development set to launch across the women’s health market later in 2021 and beyond, the unmet need and limited treatment options continue to exist across several therapeutic areas. For example, there is potential to develop non-hormonal long-acting contraceptives, oral therapies for fertility to replace injections, non-narcotic, non-hormonal treatments for endometriosis, non-hormonal treatments for menopause symptoms, and new drug-device combinations such as combining prescription therapies with delivery devices that increase product efficacy and safety. We believe the potential for innovation in the areas outlined above, in addition to areas of unmet need in conditions that disproportionately impact women, represents attractive opportunities to grow our business.
In addition, according to Evaluate Pharma data for 2019, there are more than 140 pipeline assets in women’s health in development across phase 1-3. We believe that this level of innovation will translate into an increased flow of licensing and acquisition opportunities for us in the future.
Our Women’s Health Strategy
Pharmaceutical companies that participate in the women’s health market generally fall into two categories– small specialty players with a concentrated focus but small scale, and large diversified players with a limited, opportunistic attention to their women’s health portfolio. There is currently no large player with women’s health broadly as their primary therapeutic area of focus. As such, we distinguish ourselves by pairing our portfolio with large-scale size and global distribution capabilities. In order to grow our women’s health business in the long-term, we intend to invest in both internal and external innovation. Internally, we intend to pursue clinical development opportunities related to our existing portfolio of therapies that we believe will expand the geographic reach, provide additional benefits for patients and increase the value of our offerings. For example, we are currently developing a next-generation version of Nexplanon / Implanon NXT that will extend the period of contraception provided. Externally, we intend to source innovation and expand our share of the global women’s health market through strategic acquisitions, in-licenses and commercial collaborations that leverage our global footprint, strong relationships with health care providers, patients and payors and deep experience within women’s health. We intend to focus on commercial assets and development-stage assets that have demonstrated clinical proof of concept where we can leverage our in-house capabilities and experience to accelerate and better maximize these late-stage clinical development and commercialization opportunities. We are initially planning to focus on opportunities that leverage our existing relationships with health care providers in obstetrics and gynecology (“OBGYN”), and fertility practices and plan to evaluate both therapeutics and drug-device combinations.
Contraception
In 2020, our contraception products accounted for $1.2 billion, or approximately 19%, of Organon Products segment sales, with approximately 40%, or $490 million, generated outside the United States.
Contraception Market and Commercial Strategy
We have an estimated global market share of approximately 12.6% in hormonal contraception and approximately 30% in the LARC market segment, each as measured by reported 2020 revenue. Although daily contraceptive pills remain the largest market segment, the LARC market segment, which includes Nexplanon / Implanon NXT, has experienced significant growth in the years leading up to 2019 due to a sustained shift from daily oral contraception to LARC. This was driven by payors, providers and patients looking for options beyond commonly used daily contraceptive pills. For example, in the United States, the share of LARC usage has increased from 5.6% in the period from 2006 to 2010, to 10.3% in the period from 2015 to 2017. In 2020, however, the COVID-19 pandemic resulted in reduced administration of many products within women’s health, in particular for Nexplanon / Implanon NXT. The COVID-19 pandemic negatively affected the LARC segment during 2020 due to clinic closures and the postponement of non-essential medical procedures during country lockdowns. However, LARC segment growth quickly rebounded during months when clinic restrictions were
 
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removed and the sustained shift to LARC is expected to continue with fundamental drivers unchanged. We believe a continued shift toward LARC methods represents an opportunity both inside and outside the United States. Scientific research has indicated that the adoption of LARC can reduce rates of unintended pregnancy and we believe that it can also enhance other family planning related outcomes. We expect the body of similar evidence to increase over the next several years, and we plan to actively support ongoing work in this area. Based on revenue and market share, we are favorably positioned to capitalize on this opportunity in the contraception market.
Global growth rates for hormonal contraception vary. Growth rates in emerging markets continue to outpace rates in developed markets as governments prioritize a range of methods to boost economic development, including public funding for the expansion of family planning services to increase rates of female participation in the workforce. We plan to work with payors and other health care stakeholders to improve insurance coverage of our highly effective contraceptive products such as Nexplanon / Implanon NXT.
The traditional sales model for contraceptive products is to market primarily to obstetricians, gynecologists and other health care professionals that prescribe contraceptive products to patients. However, women with knowledge of contraceptive options are the key decision makers regarding the selection of the contraceptive product that meets their individual lifestyle needs. We plan to advance market awareness of contraceptive options primarily through advancing education. We plan to work closely with women’s health societies, governments, health care professionals and other key stakeholders to advance education regarding contraceptive options such that women and health care professionals are familiar with our products. To further increase growth opportunities across our contraception portfolio and leverage brand loyalty among patients and health care providers, we intend to increase our investments in both face-to-face and digital methods of medical education.
Contraception Products
Our contraception portfolio currently consists of the following key products:
Nexplanon / Implanon NXT
We expect our core product focus in contraception to be Nexplanon, also known in some markets outside of the United States by the brand name Implanon NXT. In 2020, Nexplanon / Implanon NXT accounted for $680 million, or approximately 44%, of our total women’s health portfolio sales, with approximately 28%, or $192 million, generated outside the United States. This represents an 11% CAGR growth in sales between 2010 and 2020. Nexplanon / Implanon NXT is a prescription medication for the prevention of pregnancy in women lasting up to three years and is reversible upon removal. Nexplanon / Implanon NXT is a small, thin and flexible arm implant that is placed discreetly under the skin of the inner, upper arm by a health care provider. It is a progestin-only, radiopaque, removable implant, containing 68mg of etonogestrel pre-loaded into an applicator. Nexplanon / Implanon NXT prevents pregnancy in several ways, most importantly by suppressing ovulation, and is typically prescribed in women who are not looking to become pregnant in the near future and do not want the inconvenience of taking a daily contraceptive.
We expect to have market exclusivity for Nexplanon / Implanon NXT in the United States until 2027 and the majority of countries where Nexplanon / Implanon NXT is commercialized outside the United States until 2025. Our Nexplanon / Implanon NXT commercial strategy involves continued and expanded private and public reimbursement for Nexplanon / Implanon NXT within countries where hormonal contraception is well accepted, including in the United States. We intend to focus our commercial efforts on education and training to assist providers to understand Nexplanon / Implanon NXT, become confident with offering Nexplanon / Implanon NXT as one appropriate option for women seeking hormonal contraception, and become skilled with the insertion and removal procedure of Nexplanon / Implanon NXT. We also intend to increase education of contraceptive options to women. In addition, we plan to invest in increasing Nexplanon / Implanon NXT supply capacity to meet expected future demand increases.
NuvaRing
In 2020, NuvaRing accounted for $236 million, or approximately 15%, of our total women’s health portfolio sales, with approximately 53%, or $126 million, generated outside the United States. NuvaRing
 
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(etonogestrel / ethinyl estradiol vaginal ring) is a monthly vaginal contraceptive ring combination of progestin and estrogen used to prevent pregnancy in women. NuvaRing is prescribed for women that want a monthly contraceptive option, and it prevents pregnancy by suppressing ovulation.
Patent expiration for NuvaRing in the United States, and most countries outside of the United States, occurred in April 2018. Generic versions of NuvaRing were first approved in Europe in December 2018 and in the United States in December 2019. Generic entrants have since entered the United States and select European markets following such approvals. We saw a rapid and substantial decline in United States NuvaRing sales during 2020 due to generic competition. Our focus will be on markets outside of the United States where NuvaRing sales are expected to be relatively stable after initial declines immediately following entry of generic competition.
Cerazette
In 2020, Cerazette accounted for $67 million, or approximately 4%, of our total women’s health portfolio sales. Cerazette (desogestrel) is a progestin-only, daily pill used to prevent pregnancy in women. Progestin-only products like Cerazette, are typically used by women wanting effective hormonal contraception for whom estrogen-containing contraceptives may not be medically appropriate. Cerazette prevents pregnancy by suppressing ovulation. Cerazette is not approved or marketed in the United States but is broadly available globally outside the United States.
Patent expiration for Cerazette occurred in most markets in 2011 and 2012. At the time of patent expiry, Cerazette was the leading progestin-only contraceptive pill globally based on revenue. Generic entrants have entered most markets where Cerazette is commercialized. The progestin-only contraceptive pill market continues to see modest growth globally, creating opportunities for Cerazette.
Marvelon and Mercilon
In 2020, Marvelon and Mercilon accounted for $95 million, or approximately 6%, of our total women’s health portfolio sales. Marvelon and Mercilon (desogestrel and ethinyl estradiol pill) are both combinations of progestin and estrogen used as daily pills to prevent pregnancy. Marvelon contains a higher daily dose of estrogen than Mercilon. Marvelon and Mercilon both prevent pregnancy by suppressing ovulation. We no longer have market exclusivity for these products.
Fertility
We are one of only a few major global manufacturers offering a multi-drug fertility portfolio to fertility clinics and to specialty pharmacies and wholesalers who supply such clinics. In 2020, our fertility products accounted for $319 million, or approximately 20%, of our total women’s health portfolio sales, with approximately 65%, or $206 million, generated outside the United States.
Fertility products fall broadly into two categories: products used in “long agonist” protocols and products used in “antagonist” protocols. The difference between the protocols principally relates to the type and amount of product used to stimulate the ovaries and the length of use. The antagonist protocol is generally recognized as a safer procedure for patients and has demonstrated similar pregnancy rates for patients when compared to the long agonist protocol. The antagonist protocol is also considered more patient-friendly because it requires fewer days of therapy and fewer injections. In contrast, the long agonist protocol is administered for several weeks along with daily follicle-stimulating hormone (“FSH”) products. Our FSH product, Follistim, is used in both long agonist and antagonist protocols, while our Elonva product (a sustained FSH), substitutes for seven daily FSH injections and is indicated for the antagonist protocol. Recognizing the patient benefits from antagonist protocols, we intend to focus our commercial strategy on communication of the advantages of this protocol. We believe this strategy will expand the market opportunity for both Follistim and Elonva because both products are well-
 
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positioned in patient-friendly antagonist protocols. In addition, we intend to build upon Merck’s long heritage within the fertility market through focused investment in manufacturing and distribution for continued reliable, high-quality supply to health care providers and patients around the globe.
Global Fertility Market and Strategy
There are three major global fertility drug manufacturers, including our company, as well as several single-product players. We estimate the hormonal fertility market was approximately $3.7 billion in 2020. The market experienced 7.3% global growth from 2015 to 2020, with even faster growth in the United States and China. Large fertility markets such as the United States and China, with growing rates of in vitro fertilization (“IVF”) cycles, are critical to future product performance. In addition, in the United States, there has been an increase in fertility insurance mandates and employer coverage, albeit subject to certain exemptions. In these and other larger fertility markets, we intend to remain highly focused on expanding profitable access to fertility treatments.
Specialist health care providers, many of whom own their own fertility clinics, are the most important decision makers regarding which treatment options are used for each patient in each IVF treatment. Health care providers often tailor treatment protocols to individual patients to increase effectiveness. We intend to build on our long history and strong relationships with fertility clinics to improve services and patient access to our competitive fertility portfolio. In addition, market characteristics have resulted in a concentration in the private practice market, where specialists are embracing new treatment protocols and in particular, the shortened antagonist protocols.
Our Fertility Products
Our portfolio currently consists of three products used primarily for IVF treatment cycles:
Follistim AQ / Puregon
In 2020, Follistim accounted for $193 million, or approximately 12%, of our total women’s health portfolio sales, with approximately 56%, or $109 million, generated outside the United States. Follistim (follitropin beta injection) is a recombinant FSH used to promote the development of multiple ovarian follicles in assisted reproduction technology procedures, such as IVF, embryo transfer, gamete intrafallopian transfer and intracytoplasmic sperm injection. Follistim belongs to the group of gonadotrophic hormones used by women trying to get pregnant using IVF.
Follistim has been challenged by intermittent supply disruptions over the past several years. We intend to make new investments in our fertility supply chain to bolster supply stabilization and expansion. We also expect to invest in a needle change for our injector pen and new instructions for use meant to enhance patient experience. We no longer have market exclusivity for Follistim and a biosimilar version was launched in the EU in 2014. However, the market share of the biosimilar version remains below 4%.
Elonva
In 2020, Elonva accounted for $21 million in total sales. We expect that our Elonva revenue will grow, and we plan to continue to invest in expanding Elonva’s market reach. Elonva (corifollitropin alfa) is an ovarian follicle stimulant with the same mechanism of action as recombinant FSH, but characterized by a prolonged duration of FSH activity. Due to its ability to initiate and sustain growth of multiple ovarian follicles for an entire week, a single subcutaneous injection of the recommended dose of Elonva may replace the first seven injections of any daily recombinant FSH preparation in an ovarian stimulation treatment cycle. Elonva belongs to the group of gonadotrophic hormones used by women trying to get pregnant using IVF. Elonva’s profile offers particular value because women do not need to self-inject daily during IVF cycles. Elonva has not been approved in the United States or in China, but it is approved and widely available in many other global markets where we operate. We are currently reassessing our Elonva worldwide strategy with the opportunity to potentially launch in additional markets.
 
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Orgalutran
In 2020, Orgalutran accounted for $81 million, or approximately 5%, of our total women’s health portfolio sales, with approximately 86%, or $69 million, generated outside the United States. Orgalutran (ganirelix acetate) is an injectable competitive gonadotropin-releasing hormone (“GnRH”) antagonist. Orgalutran is used in fertility treatment in combination with FSH (Follistim) to prevent ovulation. By using Orgalutran, clinicians can continue stimulating follicle growth while preventing ovulation before egg collection. We do not have market exclusivity for Orgalutran.
Biosimilars Portfolio
In 2020, our biosimilars portfolio accounted for $330 million, or approximately 5%, of Organon Products segment sales, with approximately 62%, or $206 million, generated outside the United States. Our biosimilars portfolio and experience provide an opportunity to benefit from future growth anticipated in this area.
We believe that through a combination of management focus and strategic investment, we expect that our biosimilars business will continue to generate growth in the near term. Our biosimilars portfolio consists of therapies in oncology and immunology for which we have worldwide commercialization rights with certain geographic exceptions specified on a product-by-product basis pursuant to an agreement between Merck and Samsung Bioepis entered into in February 2013. The biosimilars (with reference products in parenthesis) currently covered by this agreement are Adalimumab (Humira), Bevacizumab (Avastin), Infliximab (Remicade), Trastuzumab (Herceptin) and Etanercept (Enbrel). All five biosimilars products covered by the agreement have launched in certain countries globally, including two biosimilars in the United States. Our oncology biosimilars have so far been launched in 20 countries, while our immunology biosimilars have been launched in five countries, including the United States, Canada, Australia and Ukraine. Once a biosimilar product is launched, our access rights to that product under the agreement last for 10 years on a market-by-market basis from the date of launch. Based on this experience, we believe we are well-positioned to become a commercial partner of choice for future collaborations with Samsung Bioepis or other potential partners to commercialize additional biosimilars products.
Biosimilars Market and Opportunity
Biosimilars are lower-cost alternatives to existing biologic medicines that treat some of life’s most serious diseases. Biosimilar therapies have no clinically meaningful differences in the safety profile, potency and purity from their reference biologic medicines. As a result, biosimilars create new choices and competition in the biologics marketplace and have the potential to lower costs for patients and the health care system, potentially expanding the therapeutic options available to fight important diseases, such as cancer, rheumatoid arthritis, psoriasis and inflammatory bowel disease.
As of December 31, 2020, the global biologics market represented an approximately $300 billion revenue opportunity, with an expected CAGR of approximately 10% until 2024. Given the high cost of many of these biologic treatments, biosimilars, as a more affordable alternative, represent a significant opportunity for patients, providers and payors once a biologics product loses patent protection.
We estimate the total size of the global market for biosimilars was approximately $17.3 billion as of September 2020, reflecting 60 biosimilars approved in the EU and 29 in the United States. In 2019, the European and United States markets accounted for 70% and 14%, respectively, of global biologics, but 34% and 56%, respectively, of global biosimilars. Industry publications estimate that 54 major biologics, with an aggregate market value of approximately $220 billion, will lose patent protection in the next decade, which has potential to expand the global biosimilars market to over $30 billion, based on external estimates. We do not have biosimilars corresponding to all biologics that will lose patent protection in the next decade. This long-term growth is driven in part by an increasingly favorable regulatory framework that has increased the rate of approvals in the United States and the EU, as well as potentially increased demand in new and existing untapped markets, such as China, where only a few biosimilars have so far been approved.
 
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We believe the future outlook for biosimilars is promising, particularly in the United States where broad health care provider, patient and payor acceptance of biosimilars and policy trends continue in a favorable direction, and where initial pricing pressure may not be as significant as in other geographies such as the EU. We believe we are well-positioned to capitalize on the United States market opportunity for biosimilars given our launch experience across our commercial team. We expect that our biosimilars business will continue to generate growth in the near term.
Our Biosimilars Strategy
In the short term, our biosimilars strategy is focused on commercializing the five biosimilars sourced from our collaboration with Samsung Bioepis. We believe the commercial experience obtained from our prior biosimilars launches (Renflexis in the United States and Ontruzant in the United States and the EU) provides us a competitive advantage in the market. All five biosimilars products in our portfolio have launched, two of which are the oncology biosimilars, Ontruzant and Aybintio. We launched Ontruzant in the United States in April 2020 and launched Aybintio in the EU in September 2020. We currently have no plan for the timing of any launch of Aybintio in the United States nor do we know when such timing would be determined. We expect to drive future value through the commercialization of Hadlima, an adalimumab biosimilar, with launches in Australia and in Canada in 2021 and in the United States in 2023. In the long-term, given the favorable outlook for the biosimilars industry, we intend to expand our portfolio through the identification and evaluation of new assets that face biosimilar competition in therapeutic areas such as oncology, immunology, ophthalmology, diabetes and neuroscience, among others, both through our Samsung Bioepis collaboration and through other potential collaborations.
Our Biosimilars Products
The portfolio currently consists of three immunology products, Brenzys, Renflexis and Hadlima, and two oncology products, Ontruzant and Aybintio. Aybintio was recently launched in the EU. For the year ended December 31, 2020, the biologics comparable to our biosimilars products generated sales (unless otherwise noted) in the following amounts, according to public filings:

	Our Biosimilar	  	Biologic Product	 	Global Sales of
Biologic Product(1)	  	Launch of Our Biosimilar	
Hadlima	  	Humira	 	$19.8 billion(2)	  	Australia—February 2021; Canada—February 2021; Israel—approved as of February 2021 and expected to be launched third-quarter 2021; and United States—approved as of July 2019 and expected to be launched June 2023.		
Brenzys	  	Enbrel	 	$6.4 billion	  	Canada—September 2016; Brazil—September 2019; Australia—April 2017; and Israel—January 2021.		
					
Renflexis	  	Remicade	 	$4.5 billion	  	United States—July 2017;
Canada—August 2018; and
Australia—August 2017.		
					
Aybintio	  	Avastin	 	$5.6 billion	  	EU—September 2020.		
					
Ontruzant	  	Herceptin	 	$4.2 billion	  	United States—April 2020;
Europe—March 2018;
Brazil—August 2020; and
Australia—January 2020.		
 
(1)	Global sales of commercialized biologic products is presented solely for the purpose of characterizing the addressable market. We expect global sales for each of our biosimilar products to be substantially less than the global sales for the corresponding biologic product.	
(2)	Net revenue.	
 
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Hadlima (SB5)
Hadlima (adalimumab-bwwd) is a tumor necrosis factor (“TNF”) antagonist biosimilar to AbbVie’s Humira (adalimumab) product, approved for treatment of rheumatoid arthritis, juvenile idiopathic arthritis, psoriatic arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, adult Crohn’s disease, pediatric Crohn’s disease, ulcerative colitis and plaque psoriasis. Our current Hadlima filing does not include hidradenitis suppurativa and uveitis indications. We have worldwide commercialization rights to Hadlima in countries outside of the EU, Korea, China, Turkey and Russia. Samsung Bioepis reached a global settlement with AbbVie permitting us to launch Hadlima in the United States in June 2023 and outside of the United States starting in 2021. Hadlima is currently approved in the United States, Australia, Canada and Israel and was launched in Australia and Canada in February 2021.
Brenzys (SB4)
Brenzys (etanercept) is a TNF antagonist biosimilar to Amgen / Pfizer’s Enbrel (etanercept) product, approved for treatment of rheumatoid arthritis, psoriatic arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis and plaque psoriasis. We have commercialization rights to Brenzys in countries outside the EU, Korea, China, Japan and the United States, and it is currently approved and commercialized in Australia, Canada, Brazil and Israel.
Renflexis (SB2)
Renflexis (infliximab-abda) is a TNF antagonist biosimilar to Johnson and Johnson’s Remicade (infliximab) product, approved for treatment of Crohn’s disease, pediatric Crohn’s disease, ulcerative colitis, pediatric ulcerative colitis, rheumatoid arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis and plaque psoriasis. We have worldwide commercialization rights to Renflexis in countries outside the EU, Korea, China, Turkey and Russia, and it is currently approved and commercialized in the United States, Australia and Canada.
Aybintio (SB8)
Aybintio (bevacizumab) is a vascular endothelial growth factor inhibitor biosimilar to Roche’s Avastin (bevacizumab) product. Aybintio is currently approved and commercialized in the EU for treatment of metastatic carcinoma of the colon or rectum, metastatic non-squamous, non-small cell lung cancer, metastatic renal cell carcinoma, metastatic cervical cancer, epithelial ovarian, fallopian tube, or primary peritoneal cancer and metastatic breast cancer. We currently have no plan for the timing of any launch of Aybintio in the United States nor do we know when such timing would be determined. We have commercialization rights to Aybintio in the United States, Canada, Germany, Italy, France, the UK and Spain.
Ontruzant (SB3)
Ontruzant (trastuzumab-dttb) is an HER2 / neu receptor antagonist biosimilar to Roche’s Herceptin (trastuzumab) product. Ontruzant was approved by the FDA in January 2019 for the treatment of HER2 overexpressing breast cancer and HER2-overexpressing metastatic gastric or gastroesophageal junction adenocarcinoma consistent with Herceptin and by the European Medicines Agency (“EMA”) in November 2017 as the first trastuzumab biosimilar approved in the EU. Samsung Bioepis reached a global settlement with Roche in June 2019 allowing for us to launch Ontruzant worldwide. We have worldwide commercialization rights to Ontruzant in countries outside of Korea and China. Ontruzant launched in Europe in early 2018 and in the United States in April 2020.
Established Brands Portfolio
Established brands represents a broad portfolio of mature brands, developed and launched by Merck or its predecessors, across multiple therapeutic areas and geographies and which are generally beyond market
 
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exclusivity. Our established brands portfolio contributed approximately 70%, or $4.5 billion of Organon Products segment sales in 2020. These figures reflect the reduced administration of many products within established brands, as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic. Generic competition varies significantly across geographies. Products that have more recently lost market exclusivity, such as Zetia and Vytorin, account for the highest proportion of total established brands portfolio sales declines due to the entrance of new generic competition. Other products are experiencing only minimal sales declines and retaining organic growth opportunities. We believe our established brands portfolio is well-positioned in the market; we have a broad portfolio of brands, including leading brands in cardiovascular, respiratory, dermatology and non-opioid pain management, we have high-quality manufacturing functions and we maintain competitive pricing across multiple therapeutic areas and geographies. Our established brands portfolio has a particularly strong foothold in emerging markets where we have a broad base of products enabling us to build targeted additional product offerings and developments. We expect that greater managerial focus to capture local market opportunities, along with targeted investments in expanding our geographic footprint, digital promotion and commercial trade channels, will provide new revenue opportunities for select brands.
Established Brands Market and Strategy
The majority of our established brands products are beyond market exclusivity. However, these products continue to represent a significant value opportunity arising from long-term sustainable revenue streams and well-established supply chains that together generate significant operating profit relative to low promotional and development expenses.
We believe that through strategic investment in established brands marketing and distribution, we can continue to deploy our large established brands product portfolio across our broad geographic footprint to identify and manage organic growth opportunities. Our established brands portfolio has been managed through a mix of efficient, digital-only promotion or local and regional promotional collaborations, which we believe enables product promotion while minimizing sales and marketing expenses. We plan to continually assess these collaborations to drive value for both parties.
We believe there is opportunity to deliver growth from this portfolio. We continue to have market exclusivity for Arcoxia in many markets. Our cardiovascular brand Atozet also continues to enjoy market exclusivity in multiple countries where we intend to grow our sales by increasing our share of the global cholesterol-lowering market and expanding our geographic footprint with new country launches. In China, we plan to accelerate our strong progress by pivoting from a sole focus on the public tender market to growth opportunities in the private retail segment. Opportunities to stabilize or grow select products in select countries in this portfolio tend to arise once the largest period of price and unit erosion has occurred immediately after loss of market exclusivity and initial generic entrants. In the United States, there are fewer opportunities for our established brands portfolio to grow after loss of patent exclusivity. However, outside of the United States, product-specific and individual market dynamics create opportunities for sales stabilization and even organic growth. Although the vast majority of our respiratory, dermatology and non-opioid pain management brands have lost market exclusivity for several years, they continue to demonstrate strong resilience with health care providers and patients. We intend to further invest in digital engagement models that allow us to reach our customers and patients effectively.
We intend to make select investments in our manufacturing sites, as well as drive supply chain improvements by our manufacturing partners, to build an efficient, robust and reliable supply chain. We also intend to investigate opportunities to expand our established brands offerings and improve patient access through targeted new market launches and new indications listings. For example, we intend to launch Atozet and Rosuzet in new markets. We believe we have the commercial and market access, regulatory affairs, specialized manufacturing and clinical development expertise that will enable expanded established brands offerings and improved patient access to occur.
 
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Cardiovascular
In 2020, our cardiovascular portfolio accounted for $1.9 billion, or approximately 29%, of Organon Products segment sales, nearly all of which was generated outside the United States, including approximately 16%, or $305 million in China. Our cardiovascular portfolio consists of several cholesterol-modifying medicines, including: Zetia (ezetimibe), which is marketed as Ezetrol in most countries outside the United States; Vytorin (ezetimibe / simvastatin), which is marketed as Inegy outside the United States; Atozet (ezetimibe and atorvastatin), which is marketed in certain countries outside of the United States; Rosuzet (ezetimibe and rosuvastatin), which is also marketed in certain countries outside of the United States; and Zocor (simvastatin), which is also available in certain countries outside of the United States, including China. Our portfolio also includes Cozaar and Hyzaar (losartan and losartan / hydrochlorothiazide), which are cardiovascular drugs for the treatment of hypertension.
Respiratory
In 2020, our respiratory portfolio accounted for $1.2 billion, or approximately 18%, of Organon Products segment sales, with approximately 74%, or $848 million, generated outside the United States. Our respiratory portfolio includes Singulair (montelukast sodium); Nasonex (mometasone); Clarinex / Aerius (desloratadine); and Dulera (formoterol / mometasone). In markets where Clarinex is classified by regulators as an over-the-counter medicine, the rights for Clarinex were sold to Bayer as part of Merck’s divestment of its over-the-counter medicine business in 2014. We currently own prescription rights for Clarinex in the United States and Aerius in markets around the world.
Dermatology, Bone Health and Non-Opioid Pain Management
In 2020, our dermatology, bone health and non-opioid pain management portfolios accounted for $833 million, or approximately 13%, of Organon Products segment sales, nearly all of which were generated outside the United States. Our dermatology portfolio consists of two core products, including Diprosone (betamethasone cream), a corticosteroid approved for treatment in relief of skin conditions and Elocon (mometasone cream), a topical prescription medicine approved for treatment in relief of inflammation, and other symptoms caused by certain skin conditions. Our bone health portfolio includes Fosamax (alendronate sodium), a bisphosphonate medicine used for the treatment and prevention of osteoporosis in postmenopausal women and to increase bone mass in men with osteoporosis. Our non-opioid pain management portfolio consists of three core products, including Arcoxia (etoricoxib), a selective cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor used for acute and chronic treatment of conditions such as acute pain, osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis, Diprospan (betamethasone), a glucocorticoids drug approved for treatment of conditions such as bursitis, dermatological disorders and inflammatory conditions and Celestone (betamethasone injectable suspension), a sterile aqueous suspension approved for treatment of pain and inflammation, and conditions such as endocrine disorders and gastrointestinal diseases. We have proven development capabilities that support the potential growth profile of our dermatology, bone health and non-opioid pain management portfolios. These brands have demonstrated strong resilience with health care providers and patients. We expect growth in these portfolios across multiple geographies.
Other Established Brands
This portfolio covers our other mature products, some of which remain significant to our product portfolio, including products such as Proscar (finasteride) and Propecia (finasteride). Proscar, used for the treatment of symptomatic benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) in men with an enlarged prostate, accounted for $176 million of our sales in 2020. In addition, Propecia, used for the treatment of male pattern hair loss, accounted for $129 million of our sales in 2020. Nearly all of the sales of Proscar and Propecia were generated outside of the United States.
 
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New Product Capabilities
Strategic Acquisition and Business Development and Collaboration Activities
Following our separation from Merck, we expect to actively engage in business development and collaboration activities to supplement our existing portfolio and internal development efforts, with a focus on expanding our leadership position in women’s health. Our expertise in women’s health will enable us to track innovative science and identify promising products with the potential to address unmet medical need. We believe that our shared history with Merck, our global market access, commercial capabilities, and manufacturing platforms, along with our management team’s experience in development and implementation of clinical programs approved by global regulatory agencies, will make us a clear partner of choice to companies seeking to manage global development and commercialization. We plan to further advance our women’s health clinical development capabilities through future acquisitions, to drive us toward becoming the leading women’s health biopharmaceutical company across needs and conditions that uniquely and disproportionately impact women.
Research and Development
Our research and development initiatives aim to foster an innovative and nimble environment to generate robust clinical data supporting rapid global product registration, as well as value and access insights to expand the commercial reach of our portfolio.
Our development strategy seeks to achieve business continuity with our brands and unlock value from our existing products by utilizing our technical expertise to pursue new line extensions, new indications and in-line value enhancements. As part of our core strategy for growth and improved operating leverage position, we expect to identify scientific collaborations and acquisitions to develop late-stage assets and enhance our pipeline.
Through our internal scientific expertise or close collaborations with partners, we expect to be enabled by a full range of capabilities necessary to achieve the rapid development of product development opportunities and data generation for product registration globally.
Our medical affairs and health economic scientists will utilize data generated by our clinical programs and observational studies, real-world data, and economic models of payor trends in order to demonstrate the value of our products to payors and engage health care providers in scientific dialogue. We intend to use observational and real-world data to drive strategy for future evidence generation, support access strategy development and inform external policy related to product reimbursement. We also intend to use the insights we gain through health, economic and predictive modeling and data analytics to understand and communicate the full value of our products, grow market access and enhance patient care in a dynamic health care environment, as well as inform the design of clinical programs and program investment choices.
Sales, Marketing and Distribution Capabilities
Sales and Marketing
We expect that upon the separation, we will have approximately 4,030 employees worldwide focused on commercialization activities, such as marketing, direct selling, digital and omni-channel and insight generation, covering data stewardship, data analytics and data science. We have experienced marketers and data scientists across geographies that we expect to implement localization and execution of our global brand and business strategies. We believe our commercialization capabilities will allow us to execute customer engagement strategies optimized across preferred channels and aimed at health care providers, patients and payors. We expect that our employees will be focused on building an integrated digital ecosystem that will coordinate engagement across all channels. The engagements will include direct face–to–face engagement, virtual engagement, email, social media and our websites. In addition, we believe we have the knowledge, capabilities and resources to achieve optimal local market access for our portfolio in a changing external environment.
 
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In women’s health, we have established relationships with payors, health care providers, large clinics, and important stakeholder groups such as societies, patients and scientific leaders within both contraception and fertility. We have experience and capabilities with two distinctive fit-for-purpose commercialization models that reflect the specific requirements of obstetricians and gynecologists and reproductive endocrinologist specialists in the respective target categories of contraception and fertility. We expect that we will have broad reach where prescribing is done by health care providers.
In biosimilars, we have established capabilities in reimbursement and tendering to maximize global access and medical affairs for payors and health care providers to understand the clinical profile of our biosimilars. We also have experience with commercializing biosimilars within the United States, the fastest growing biosimilars market with the largest market size potential, and in developing value propositions for payors and health care providers in the EU.
In established brands, we have digital omni-channel marketing experience and portfolio-selling capabilities to enable the promotion of multiple and diverse portfolios across multiple diverse geographies. We also have expertise derived from established relationships with our commercial trade partners, including distributors, wholesalers, purchasing groups and pharmacies, that are important in achieving continued product availability and sustained access to our brands in the market. Such expertise and relationships also support our effective inventory management, data insights, product support and relevant pricing and chargeback administration functions.
We have a trade channel strategy that provides a robust capability framework for our activities, including in the selection of channel partners, commercial terms and supportive health care services that promote the efficient, safe and cost-effective delivery of our products. We have significant insight into the use of newer technologies such as blockchain, and the use of valuable patient services such as patient adherence programs that can further drive value in collaboration with our trade partners.
We have no single customer that, if the customer were lost, would have a material adverse effect on our business.
Distribution
Our global network enables us to distribute products directly and indirectly to patients in more than 140 countries and territories, including through our regional distribution centers. We sell our pharmaceutical products primarily to drug wholesalers and retailers, hospitals, clinics, government agencies, pharmacies and managed health care providers, such as health maintenance organizations, pharmacy benefit managers and other institutions. We also sell our pharmaceutical products through third-party distributors and agents for smaller markets. Our professional representatives communicate the effectiveness, safety and value of our pharmaceutical products to health care professionals in private practice, group practices, hospitals and managed care organizations.
Manufacturing Capabilities and Global Supply Chain
We have an established heritage in quality manufacturing, including development and improvement of manufacturing processes. Our principal manufacturing capabilities include formulation, fill-and-finishing of products, packaging of products, and distribution and supply to patients in more than 140 countries and territories.
Internal Manufacturing Capabilities
Following our separation from Merck, we expect to own and operate six manufacturing sites, as shown in the table below, where we will manufacture a range of pharmaceutical products, including hormonal products, sterile formulations, and certain of our medical device combination products.
 
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Site	 	Predominant area of Focus	 	# Markets Served	 	Workforce(1)	
				
Campinas, Brazil	 	Women’s health, cardiovascular and respiratory	 	~12
(in Latin America)	 	~200	
				
Cramlington, United Kingdom	 	Cardiovascular and respiratory	 	~140	 	~400	
				
Heist, Belgium	 	Respiratory, dermatology, and pain	 	~140	 	~720	
				
Oss Pharma, the Netherlands	 	Women’s health	 	~100	 	~820	
				
Pandaan, Indonesia	 	Cardiovascular, respiratory and
dermatology	 	~16
(in Asia Pacific)	 	~200	
				
Xochimilco, Mexico	 	Cardiovascular and respiratory	 	~30
(in Latin America and others)(2)	 	~170	

(1)	Workforce estimated based on 2021 year-end forecast, represents manufacturing employees and does not include other global support functions or temporary, contingent workers.	
(2)	Including Australia, Canada and the Philippines.	
A majority of our internal manufacturing sites have long-standing, deep technical capabilities across the broad base of manufacturing platforms that are required to support our product portfolio. Our specialized manufacturing capabilities include oral solid dosage manufacturing, liquids, ointments and creams manufacturing, aseptic processing of hormonal products, extrusion technology, inhaler and implant medical device combination products, and packaging to facilitate speed to market as well as more direct control of quality and compliance. We also expect to continue to manufacture a range of Merck products at each of our six manufacturing sites. The terms of our arrangement for the manufacture of Merck products will be governed by an agreement with Merck entered into at the time of our separation. See “Certain Relationships and Related Party Transactions.”
Contracted Manufacturing
We also intend to contract with Merck or other third-parties for the manufacture of certain of our products. We expect that our manufacturing team will supervise external manufacturing activities conducted by third-parties related to our products.
Global Supply Chain
We manage our global supply chain through planning centers with oversight for the United States, Europe, Canada, the Middle East and Africa, Asia-Pacific, Latin America and in the Caribbean.
We purchase certain raw materials, active pharmaceutical ingredients, components, devices and other supplies necessary for the commercial production of our products from a variety of third-party suppliers. We utilize third-party contract manufacturers for packaging, formulation and fill-and-finish for our products. We also utilize a combination of logistics service providers as part of our global supply chain, primarily for storage and for shipping and delivering raw materials, intermediate goods and finished goods between internal sites and from production sites to customers.
In order to satisfy the manufacturing and regulatory requirements for the products in our portfolio, we rely on a single source for a number of materials and components critical to our products, including, for example, 100% of our active pharmaceutical ingredients and portions of our drug product. The majority of our single-sourced materials and components are from established pharmaceutical suppliers with whom we have significant experience. In addition, we rely heavily on one supplier for formulation and packaging as our gateway to sales in both China and Japan.
 
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To mitigate supply risk, we aim to have a conservative inventory posture and to keep an internal function focused on maintaining an external manufacturing network with operational, quality, technology and procurement capabilities. This function is responsible for identifying, developing and assessing the performance of our suppliers such that they meet quality expectations and satisfy their contractual obligations to us. In addition, this function provides rapid response support for potential supply issues. We also have an established risk management framework, which is intended to assess risk elements across our supply chain to mitigate risks.
Our manufacturing network and supply chains are designed to provide us with a flexible and scalable global platform for continued expansion, including in emerging markets. We believe our extensive manufacturing and supply chain expertise and capabilities position us well to provide critical therapies for distribution in all regions of the world and to meet growing demand over the long-term.
Our global commercial and manufacturing teams collaborate on various operational efficiency initiatives, including yield improvements, procurement savings, site synergies, manufacturing support rationalization and supply chain distribution optimization, each intended to improve our leverage position.
Quality Management
Our facilities and supporting functions, along with our external contractors, suppliers, and partners, make up an integrated, interdependent global network that is dedicated to consistently delivering compliant, reliable product supply to health care providers and patients. We have one quality management system deployed globally that enables the development, manufacturing, packaging, labeling, handling, and distribution of the company’s products such that they conform to applicable regulatory requirements in every country we serve. Our quality management system is designed to promote and facilitate regulatory and operational excellence, anticipate risks, and prepare the network to effectively respond and adapt to emerging trends.
Human Capital
Upon the separation, we will have approximately 9,950 employees worldwide with approximately 4,030 employees focusing on sales, marketing and key commercialization activities. Approximately 730 employees will focus on clinical development, safety, and medical affairs and product registration. Our human resources organization is led by an experienced team that monitors our employee base and sets annual targets for managing our human capital, including employee retention, engagement and training targets. Our experienced Talent Committee (as defined herein) develops diversity and inclusion initiatives and regularly reviews our strategies and programs for leadership development. We have established benefit and incentive compensation plans, including comprehensive medical and life insurance coverage, 401K matching programs and other incentive compensation programs that we believe align employee incentives directly with our future performance.
Properties
We expect to own and operate six manufacturing facilities as described above under “—Manufacturing Capabilities and Global Supply Chain—Internal Manufacturing Capabilities.”
Intellectual Property
Patents, Trademarks and Licenses
Patent protection is important to the marketing of certain of our products in the United States and in most major foreign markets. Patents may cover products per se, pharmaceutical formulations, processes for, or intermediates useful in, the manufacture of products, or the uses of products. Protection for individual products extends for varying periods in accordance with the legal life of patents in the various countries. The protection afforded, which may also vary from country to country, depends upon the type of patent and its scope of coverage.
 
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In particular, we consider the patents that cover the rod technology in Nexplanon / Implanon NXT to be material to our business. Such device patents will expire in 2027 in the United States and in 2025 in other countries around the world. There are currently no contested proceedings or third-party claims that involve these patents. We have been granted licenses to use such patents from Merck. Such licenses permit use of the underlying technology solely as a contraceptive implant containing only the active pharmaceutical ingredient currently used in the product.
The Food and Drug Administration Modernization Act includes a Pediatric Exclusivity Provision that may provide an additional six months of market exclusivity in the United States for indications of new or currently marketed drugs if certain agreed upon pediatric studies are completed by the applicant. Current United States patent law provides additional patent terms for periods when the patented product was under regulatory review by the FDA. The EU also provides an additional six months of pediatric market exclusivity attached to a product’s Supplementary Protection Certificate. Japan provides the additional term for pediatric studies attached to market exclusivity unrelated to patent term.
While the expiration of a product patent normally results in a loss of market exclusivity for the covered pharmaceutical product, commercial benefits may continue to be derived from: (i) later-granted patents on processes and intermediates related to the most economical method of manufacture of the active ingredient of such product; (ii) patents relating to the use of such product; (iii) patents relating to novel compositions and formulations; and (iv) in the United States and certain other countries, market exclusivity that may be available under relevant law. The effect of product patent expiration on pharmaceutical products also depends upon many other factors, such as the nature of the market and the position of the product in it, the growth of the market, the complexities and economics of the process for manufacture of the active ingredient of the product and the requirements of new drug provisions of the Federal Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act or similar laws and regulations in other countries.
Additions to market exclusivity are sought in the United States and other countries through all relevant laws, including laws increasing patent life. Some of the benefits of increases in patent life have been partially offset by an increase in the number of incentives for and use of generic products. Additionally, improvements in intellectual property laws are sought in the United States and other countries through reform of patent and other relevant laws and implementation of international treaties.
For further information with respect to our patents, see the sections entitled “Risk Factors” and Note 10 “Contingencies and Environmental Liabilities” to the Financial Statements included in this information statement.
Worldwide, all of our important products are sold under trademarks that are considered in the aggregate to be of material importance. Trademark protection continues in some countries as long as used ; in other countries, as long as registered. Registration is for fixed terms and can be renewed indefinitely.
Royalty income in 2020 on patent and know-how licenses and other rights amounted to $6 million. We also incurred royalty expenses amounting to $40 million in 2020 under patent and know-how licenses we hold.
Privacy and Data Protection
We are subject to a significant number of privacy and data protection laws and regulations globally, many of which place restrictions on our ability to transfer, access and use personal data across our business. The legislative and regulatory landscape for privacy and data protection continues to evolve. There has been increased attention to privacy and data protection issues in both developed and emerging markets with the potential to affect directly our business, including both the EU General Data Protection Regulation (“GDPR”), which went into effect in May 2018 and imposes penalties of up to 4% of global revenue, and the California Consumer Privacy Act, which became effective January 1, 2020.
 
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The GDPR and related implementing laws in individual EU Member States govern the collection and use of personal health data and other personal data in the EU. The GDPR increased responsibility and liability in relation to personal data that we process. It also imposes a number of strict obligations and restrictions on the ability to process (which includes collection, analysis and transfer of) personal data, including health data from clinical trials and adverse event reporting. The GDPR also includes requirements relating to the consent of the individuals to whom the personal data relates, the information provided to the individuals prior to processing their personal data or personal health data, notification of data processing obligations to the national data protection authorities, and the security and confidentiality of the personal data. Further, the GDPR prohibits the transfer of personal data to countries outside of the EU that are not considered by the European Commission to provide an adequate level of data protection, including to the United States, except if the data controller meets very specific requirements. Following the Schrems II decision of the Court of Justice of the European Union on July 16, 2020, there is considerable uncertainty as to the permissibility of international data transfers under the GDPR. In light of the implications of this decision we may face difficulties regarding the transfer of personal data from the European Union to third countries.
Failure to comply with the requirements of the GDPR and the related national data protection laws of the EU Member States may result in significant monetary fines and other administrative penalties as well as civil liability claims from individuals whose personal data was processed. Data protection authorities from the different EU Member States may still implement certain variations, enforce the GDPR and national data protection laws differently, and introduce additional national regulations and guidelines, which adds to the complexity of processing personal data in the EU. Guidance developed at both EU level and at the national level in individual EU Member States concerning implementation and compliance practices is often updated or otherwise revised.
There is, moreover, a growing trend towards required public disclosure of clinical trial data in the EU which adds to the complexity of obligations relating to processing health data from clinical trials. Failing to comply with these obligations could lead to government enforcement actions and significant penalties against us, harm to our reputation, and adversely impact our business and operating results. The uncertainty regarding the interplay between different regulatory frameworks further adds to the complexity that we face with regard to data protection regulation.
Additional laws and regulations enacted in the United States (such as the California Consumer Privacy Act), Europe, Asia and Latin America have increased enforcement and litigation activity in the United States and other developed markets, as well as increased regulatory cooperation among privacy authorities globally. We have adopted a comprehensive global privacy program to manage these evolving risks and facilitate the transfer of personal information across international borders, which has been certified as compliant with and approved by the Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation Cross-Border Privacy Rules System.
Competition and the Health Care Environment
Competition
The markets in which we conduct our business and the pharmaceutical industry in general are highly competitive and highly regulated. Our competitors include other worldwide research-based pharmaceutical companies, smaller research companies with more limited therapeutic focus and generic drug manufacturers. Our operations may be adversely affected by generic and biosimilar competition as our products mature, as well as technological advances of competitors, industry consolidation, patents granted to competitors, competitive combination products, new products of competitors, the generic availability of competitors’ branded products and new information from clinical trials of marketed products or post-marketing surveillance. In addition, patent rights are increasingly being challenged by competitors and the outcome can be highly uncertain. An adverse result in a patent dispute can preclude commercialization of products or negatively affect sales of existing products and could result in the payment of royalties or in the recognition of an impairment charge with respect
 
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to intangible assets associated with certain products. Competitive pressures have intensified as pressures in the industry have grown.
To remain competitive, the additional resources required to meet market challenges include quality control, flexibility to meet buyer specifications, an efficient distribution system and a strong technical information service. We plan to acquire and market products through external alliances, such as licensing arrangements and collaborations and have designed our sales and marketing efforts to address changing industry conditions. However, the introduction of new products and processes by competitors may result in price reductions and product displacements, even for products protected by patents. For example, the number of compounds available to treat a particular disease typically increases over time and can result in slowed sales growth or reduced sales for our products in that therapeutic category.
Health Care Environment
Global efforts toward health care cost containment continue to exert pressure on product pricing and market access.
United States
In the United States, federal and state governments for many years have pursued methods to reduce the cost of drugs for which they pay. For example, federal and state laws require us to pay specified rebates for medicines reimbursed by Medicaid and to provide discounts for medicines purchased by certain state and federal entities such as the Department of Defense, Veterans Affairs, Public Health Service entities and hospitals serving a disproportionate share of low income or uninsured patients.
Health Care Programs
The United States enacted major health care reform legislation in 2010, the ACA. Various insurance market reforms have since advanced and state and federal insurance exchanges were launched in 2014. With respect to the effect of the law on the pharmaceutical industry, the law increased the mandated Medicaid rebate from 15.1% to 23.1%, expanded the rebate to Medicaid-managed care utilization and increased the types of entities eligible for the federal 340B drug discount program. The law also requires pharmaceutical manufacturers to pay 70% of the cost of the medicine, including biosimilar products, when Medicare Part D beneficiaries are in the Medicare Part D coverage gap (i.e., the so-called “donut hole”), which increased from 50% beginning in 2019 as a result of the Balanced Budget Act of 2018. We recorded approximately $24 million, $30 million and $20 million as a reduction to revenue in 2020, 2019 and 2018, respectively, related to the donut hole provision. Also, pharmaceutical manufacturers are required to pay an annual non-tax deductible health care reform fee. The total annual industry fee was $2.8 billion in both 2019 and 2020. The fee is assessed on each company in proportion to its share of prior year branded pharmaceutical sales to certain government programs, such as Medicare and Medicaid. We recorded approximately $4 million, $6 million and $6 million of costs within Selling, general and administrative expenses in 2020, 2019 and 2018, respectively, for the annual health care reform fee. In February 2016, the CMS issued the Medicaid Rebate Final Rule that implemented provisions of the ACA effective April 1, 2016. The rule provides comprehensive guidance on the calculation of Average Manufacturer Price and Best Price; two metrics utilized to determine the rebates drug manufacturers are required to pay to state Medicaid programs. In 2019, CMS took further action on two aspects of the rule that were deferred for later implementation. First, CMS declined to define what constitutes a product “line extension” (beyond the statutory definition) instead advising manufacturers to rely on the statutory definition of the term and permitting manufacturers, where appropriate, to use “reasonable assumptions” in their determination of whether their drug qualifies as a line extension drug, so long as such reasonable assumptions are consistent with the purpose of Section 1927 of the Social Security Act, federal regulations, and the terms of the Medicaid Drug Rebate agreement, and so long as they maintain adequate documentation explaining such assumptions. Second, CMS confirmed a second delay in the participation of the United States Territories in the Medicaid Drug Rebate Program until April 1, 2022.
 
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On December 31, 2020, CMS published a Final Rule on the Medicaid Program, which, among other things, introduced new definitions of “line extension” and “new formulation.” CMS defined “line extension” as a new formulation of the drug, not including an abuse-deterrent formulation of the drug. CMS adopted an expansive definition of “new formulation” to include “an extended release formulation or other change in release mechanism, a change in dosage form, strength, route of administration, or ingredients.” This expanded definition will result in a number of drugs being subject to a higher Medicaid rebate. The new definitions of “line extension” and “new formulation” will take effect on January 1, 2022. The Final Rule also revised definitions of several other terms for purposes of the Medicaid Drug Rebate Program (MDRP), including oral solid dosage form, single source drug, multiple source drug, innovator multiple source drug, and CMS-authorized supplemental rebate agreement. The Final Rule also revised regulations regarding authorized generic sales when manufacturers calculate the average manufacturer price (AMP), manufacturer reporting requirements under the MDRP, and payments for prescription drugs under the Medicaid program. The implementation date of these revised regulations is January 1, 2023.
The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act
There is significant uncertainty about the future of the ACA in particular and health care laws in general in the United States. In December 2018, a Texas federal district court struck down the ACA on the grounds that the individual health insurance mandate is unconstitutional. The United States Supreme Court heard arguments in this case on November 10, 2020 and a decision is expected by the Spring of 2021. If the individual mandate is held to be unconstitutional and not severable from the remainder of the ACA, we expect this would result in invalidation of the BPCIA, which provides for an abbreviated pathway for obtaining FDA approval of biologic drugs that satisfy certain criteria and which is incorporated into the ACA.
We are participating in the healthcare debate and monitoring how any proposed changes could affect our business. We are unable to predict the likelihood of changes to the ACA. Depending on the nature of any changes to the ACA, such actions could have a material adverse effect on our business, cash flow, results of operations, financial condition and prospects.
Other Legislative Changes
In addition, other legislative changes have been proposed and adopted in the United States since the ACA was enacted. These changes include automatic aggregate reductions to Medicare payments to providers of 2% per fiscal year as part of the federal budget sequestration under the Budget Control Act of 2011, which went into effect in April 2013. Section 4408 of the Coronavirus Aid, Relief and Economic Security Act temporarily suspended Medicare sequestration during the period of May 1, 2020 through December 31, 2020, while extending the Medicare sequestration sunset date through 2030. The moratorium on Medicare sequestration was subsequently extended by three months, until March 31, 2021, under the Consolidated Appropriations Act of 2021.
A number of states have passed pharmaceutical price and cost transparency laws. These laws typically require manufacturers to report certain product price information or other financial data to the state. Some laws also require manufacturers to provide advance notification of price increases. We expect that states will continue their focus on pharmaceutical price transparency and that this focus will continue to exert pressure on product pricing.
Drug Pricing
We also face increasing pricing pressure globally from managed care organizations, government agencies and programs that could negatively affect our sales and profit margins, including, in the United States (i) practices of managed care organizations, federal and state exchanges and institutional and governmental purchasers, and (ii) federal laws and regulations related to Medicare and Medicaid, including the Medicare Prescription Drug, Improvement and Modernization Act of 2003 and the ACA. As discussed above, in
 
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November 2020, the OIG issued a Final Rule that would, effective January 1, 2022, eliminate the Anti-Kickback Statute safe harbor for rebates paid to Medicare Part D plans or to PBMs on behalf of such plans. The Final Rule’s effective date has been delayed until January 1, 2023 in response to litigation brought by a trade association on behalf of PBMs. While the Company cannot anticipate the effects of this change to the way it currently contracts, this new framework could significantly alter the way it does business with Part D Plan Sponsors and PBMs on behalf of such plans. This rulemaking also established, effective January 1, 2021, a new safe harbor for point of sale discounts at the pharmacy counter and a new safe harbor for certain services arrangements between pharmaceutical manufacturers and PBMs. This rule is currently subject to legal challenge. On November 20, 2020, CMS also issued the MFN Rule, which was intended to be effective January 1, 2021, to institute a new pricing system for certain prescription drugs and biologic products covered by Medicare Part B in which Medicare would reimburse no more than the “most favored nation price,” meaning the lowest price after adjusting for volume and differences in gross domestic product, for the top fifty Part B reimbursed products, sold in 22 member countries of the OECD, rather than use the current Average Sales Price (“ASP”)-based payment framework for certain physician-administered drugs. Implementation of the MFN Rule could have a material adverse effect on the Company’s business, cash flow, results of operations, financial condition and prospects. The MFN Rule was immediately challenged in federal courts and is prevented from going into effect pending final judgments in the lawsuit. The Department of Health and Human Services has indicated that the MFN model will not be implemented without further rulemaking. The FDA also recently issued rulemaking allowing the commercial importation of certain prescription drugs from Canada through FDA-authorized, time-limited programs sponsored by states or Indian tribes, and, in certain future circumstances, pharmacists and wholesalers. The FDA also recently released final guidance for industry detailing procedures for drug manufacturers to import FDA-approved prescription drug, biological, and combination products that were manufactured abroad and authorized and intended for sale in a foreign country. A trade organization brought suit, which remains pending in federal district court, challenging the commercial importation rule. These changes could have a material adverse effect on our business, cash flow, results of operations, financial condition and prospects. Changes to the health care system enacted as part of health care reform in the United States, as well as increased purchasing power of entities that negotiate on behalf of Medicare, Medicaid and private sector beneficiaries, could result in further pricing pressures. As an example, health care reform has contributed to an increase in the number of patients in the Medicaid program under which sales of pharmaceutical products are subject to substantial rebates.
The pharmaceutical industry also could be considered a potential source of savings via other legislative and administrative proposals that have been debated but not enacted. These types of revenue-generating or cost-saving proposals include additional direct price controls. The U.S. House of Representatives approved legislation that would require pharmaceutical companies to directly negotiate the price of 50 drugs with the federal government. Although the U.S. Senate did not approve the bill, similar measures may be reintroduced in the future. It remains very uncertain as to what drug-pricing related proposals, if any, may be included under the current Congress as part of future federal legislative proposals that would directly or indirectly affect us. During his presidential campaign, President Biden expressed support for allowing the federal government to negotiate drug prices for both public and private purchasers.
In addition, additional proposals that allow international reference pricing or, under certain conditions, the importation of medicines from other countries may be considered. For example, in December 2019, the FDA issued guidance describing procedures for drug manufacturers to facilitate the importation of FDA-approved drugs and biologics manufactured abroad and originally intended for sale in a foreign country into the United States. Also, in September 2020, the United States Department of Health and Human Services issued a Final Rule that allows importation of certain lower-cost prescription drugs from Canada. Under the Final Rule, effective November 30, 2020, states or certain other non-federal governmental entities will be able to submit importation program proposals to the FDA for review and authorization of two-year programs (with the opportunity to extend for two more years). This rule is currently facing a legal challenge and is currently pending in federal district court, but if upheld, or if additional future legislative action is taken on drug importation, it would be expected to adversely affect our revenues.
 
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In the United States private sector, consolidation and integration among health care providers is a major factor in the competitive marketplace for pharmaceutical products. Health plans and PBMs have been consolidating into fewer, larger entities, thus enhancing their purchasing strength and importance. Private third-party insurers, as well as governments, employ formularies to control costs by negotiating discounted prices in exchange for formulary inclusion. Failure to obtain timely or adequate pricing or formulary placement for our products or obtaining such placement at unfavorable pricing could adversely affect revenue. In addition to formulary tier co-pay differentials, private health insurance companies and self-insured employers have been raising co-payments required from beneficiaries, particularly for branded pharmaceuticals and biotechnology products. Private health insurance companies also are increasingly imposing utilization management tools, such as clinical protocols, requiring prior authorization for a branded product if a generic product is available or requiring the patient to first fail on one or more generic products before permitting access to a branded medicine. These same management tools are also used in treatment areas in which the payor has taken the position that multiple branded products are therapeutically comparable. As the United States payor market concentrates further and as more drugs become available in generic form, pharmaceutical companies may face greater pricing pressure from private third-party payors.
European Union
Efforts toward health care cost containment remain intense in the EU. We face competitive pricing pressure resulting from generic and biosimilar drugs. In addition, a majority of countries in the EU attempt to contain drug costs by engaging in reference pricing in which authorities examine pre-determined markets for published prices of drugs. Reference pricing may either compare a product’s prices in other markets (external reference pricing), or compare a product’s price with those of other products in a national class (internal reference pricing). The authorities then use the price data to set new local prices for brand-name drugs, including ours. Guidelines for examining reference pricing are usually set in local markets and can be changed pursuant to local regulations. Some EU Member States have established free-pricing systems, but regulate the pricing for drugs through profit control plans. Others seek to negotiate or set prices based on the cost-effectiveness of a product or an assessment of whether it offers a therapeutic benefit over other products in the relevant class. The downward pressure on health care costs in general, particularly prescription drugs, has become intense. As a result, increasingly high barriers are being erected to the entry of new products. In some EU Member States, cross-border imports from low-priced markets also exert competitive pressure that may reduce pricing within an EU Member State.
Additionally, EU Member States have the power to restrict the range of pharmaceutical products for which their national health insurance systems provide reimbursement. In the EU, pricing and reimbursement plans vary widely from Member State to Member State. Some EU Member States provide that drug products may be marketed only after a reimbursement price has been agreed. Some EU Member States may require the completion of additional studies that compare the cost-effectiveness of a particular product candidate to already available therapies or so-called health technology assessments (“HTA”), in order to obtain reimbursement or pricing approval. The HTA of pharmaceutical products is becoming an increasingly common part of the pricing and reimbursement procedures in most EU Member States. The HTA process, which is governed by the national laws of these countries, involves the assessment of the cost-effectiveness, public health impact, therapeutic impact and/or the economic and social impact of use of a given pharmaceutical product in the national health care system of the individual country is conducted. Ultimately, HTA measures the added value of a new health technology compared to existing ones. The outcome of HTAs regarding specific pharmaceutical products will often influence the pricing and reimbursement status granted to these pharmaceutical products by the regulatory authorities of individual EU Member States. A negative HTA of one of our products may mean that the product is not reimbursable or may force us to reduce our reimbursement price or offer discounts or rebates. A negative HTA by a leading and recognized HTA body could also undermine our ability to obtain reimbursement for the relevant product outside a jurisdiction. For example, EU Member States that have not yet developed HTA mechanisms may rely to some extent on the HTA performed in other countries with a developed HTA framework, to inform pricing and reimbursement decisions. HTA procedures require additional data, reviews and administrative processes, all of which increase the complexity, timing and costs of obtaining product reimbursement and exert downward pressure on available reimbursement.
 
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To obtain reimbursement or pricing approval in some EU Member States, we may be required to conduct studies that compare the cost-effectiveness of our product candidates to other therapies that are considered the local standard of care. There can be no assurance that any EU Member State will allow favorable pricing, reimbursement and market access conditions for any of our products, or that it will be feasible to conduct additional cost-effectiveness studies, if required.
Brexit
In 2016, the United Kingdom (“UK”) held a referendum in which voters approved an exit from the EU, commonly referred to as “Brexit.” As a result of that referendum and subsequent negotiations, the UK left the EU on January 31, 2020. A transitional period applied from January 31, 2020 until December 31, 2020, and during this period the EU and UK operated as if the UK was an EU Member State, and the UK continued to participate in the EU Customs Union allowing for the freedom of movement for people and goods.
It was announced on December 24, 2020, that the EU and the UK agreed to a Trade and Cooperation Agreement (TCA). The TCA sets out the new arrangements for trade of goods, including medicines and vaccines, which allows goods to can continue to flow between the EU and the UK. On December 29, 2020, the Council of the EU adopted the decision to sign the TCA and for the TCA to be provisionally applied from January 1, 2021. The UK and EU signed the TCA on December 30, 2020. In order for the TCA to be ratified and formally come into effect the Council of the EU must unanimously approve the TCA the European Parliament must consent to it, which we believe will occur. As a result of the TCA, we believe that our operations will not be materially adversely affected by Brexit.
Japan
In Japan, the pharmaceutical industry is subject to government-mandated biennial price reductions of pharmaceutical products. Furthermore, the government can order re-pricings for specific products if it determines that use of such products will exceed certain thresholds defined under applicable re-pricing rules. The next government-mandated pricing reduction will occur in April 2021 and is expected to impact many Organon products.
China
Our business in China has grown rapidly in the past few years, and the importance of China to our overall pharmaceutical business has increased accordingly. Continued growth of our business in China is dependent upon ongoing development of a favorable environment for innovative pharmaceutical products, sustained access for our current in-line products, and the absence of trade impediments or adverse pricing controls. In recent years, the Chinese government has introduced and implemented a number of structural reforms to accelerate the shift to innovative products and reduce costs. Since 2017, there have been multiple new policies introduced by the government to improve access to new innovation, reduce the complexity of regulatory filings, and accelerate the review and approval process. This has led to a significant increase in the number of new products being approved each year. Additionally, in 2017, the Chinese government updated the National Reimbursement Drug List for the first time in eight years. While the mechanism for drugs being added to the list evolves, inclusion may require a price negotiation which could impact the outlook in the market for selected brands. In 2020, drugs were added to the NRDL through double-digit price reductions.
While pricing pressure has always existed in China, health care reform has increased this pressure in part due to the acceleration of generic substitution through volume based procurement (“VBP”). In 2019, the government implemented the VBP program through a tendering process for mature products which have generic substitutes with a Generic Quality Consistency Evaluation approval. Mature products that have entered into the first three rounds of VBP have had, on average, a price reduction of 50%. We expect VBP to be a semi-annual process that will have a significant impact on mature products moving forward.
 
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Other Markets
Our focus on other markets, in addition to China, has continued. Governments in many other markets are also focused on constraining health care costs and have enacted price controls and measures impacting intellectual property, including in exception, cases, threats of compulsory licenses, that aim to put pressure on the price of innovative pharmaceuticals or result in constrained market access to innovative medicine. We anticipate that pricing pressures and market access challenges will continue in the future to varying degrees in such markets.
Beyond pricing and market access challenges, other conditions in certain countries outside the United States can affect our efforts to continue to grow in these markets, including potential political instability, changes in trade sanctions and embargoes, significant currency fluctuation and controls, financial crises, limited or changing availability of funding for health care, credit worthiness of healthcare partners, such as hospitals, due to COVID-19, and other developments that may adversely impact the business environment for us. Further, we may engage third-party agents to assist in operating in such markets, which may affect our ability to realize continued growth and may also increase our risk exposure.
In addressing cost containment pressures, we engage in public policy advocacy with policymakers and continue to work to demonstrate that our medicines provide value to patients and to those who pay for health care. We advocate with government policymakers to encourage a long-term approach to sustainable health care financing that ensures access to innovative medicines and does not disproportionately target pharmaceuticals as a source of budget savings. In markets with historically low rates of health care spending, we encourage those governments to increase their investments and adopt market reforms in order to improve their citizens’ access to appropriate health care, including medicines.
Operating conditions have become more challenging under the global pressures of competition, industry regulation and cost containment efforts. Although no one can predict the effect of these and other factors on our business, we continually take measures to evaluate, adapt and improve the organization and our business practices to better meet customer needs and believe that we are well-positioned to respond to the evolving health care environment and market forces.
Regulation of Our Products
The pharmaceutical industry is also subject to regulation by regional, country, state and local agencies around the world, focused on standards and processes for determining drug safety and effectiveness, as well as conditions for sale or reimbursement.
Of particular importance is the FDA in the United States, which administers requirements covering the testing, approval, safety, effectiveness, manufacturing, labeling and marketing of prescription pharmaceuticals. In some cases, the FDA requirements and practices have increased the amount of time and resources necessary to develop new products and bring them to market in the United States. At the same time, the FDA has committed to expediting the development and review of products bearing the “breakthrough therapy” designation, which has accelerated the regulatory review process for medicines with this designation. The FDA has also undertaken efforts to bring generic and biosimilar competition to market more efficiently and in a more timely manner.
The EU has adopted directives and other legislation concerning the classification, approval for marketing, labeling, advertising, manufacturing, wholesale distribution, integrity of the supply chain, pharmacovigilance and safety monitoring of medicinal products for human use. These provide mandatory standards throughout the EU, which may be supplemented or implemented with additional regulations by the EU Member States. In particular, EU regulators may approve products subject to a number of post-authorization conditions. Examples of typical post-authorization commitments include additional pharmacovigilance, the conduct of clinical trials, the establishment of patient registries, physician or patient education and controlled distribution and prescribing arrangements. Non-compliance with post-authorization conditions, pharmacovigilance and other obligations can
 
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lead to regulatory action, including the variation, suspension or withdrawal of the marketing authorizations, or other enforcement or regulatory actions, including the imposition of financial penalties. Our policies and procedures are already consistent with the substance of these directives; consequently, we believe that they will not have any material effect on our business.
We believe that we will continue to be able to conduct our operations, including launching new drugs, in this regulatory environment.
The Regulatory Approval Process in the United States
Industry practice and government regulations in the United States and most foreign countries provide for the determination of effectiveness and safety of new chemical compounds suitable for pharmaceutical use through pre-clinical tests and controlled clinical evaluation. Before a new drug may be marketed in the United States, recorded data on pre-clinical and clinical experience are included in the New Drug Application (“NDA”) for a drug, or the Biologics License Application (“BLA”) for a biologic submitted to the FDA for the required approval.
Once scientists identify internal technology development opportunities or external technology licensing opportunities to enable improvement of existing products or development of new products, pre-clinical testing with that compound is commenced. Pre-clinical testing includes laboratory testing and safety studies to gather data on chemistry, pharmacology, immunogenicity and toxicology and must be conducted in compliance with Good Laboratory Practice regulations. Pending acceptable pre-clinical data, we will submit an Investigational New Drug (“IND”) application to the FDA through a combination of internal and external resources, which includes the results of pre-clinical testing, information about the drug composition and manufacturing, and our plan for clinical testing on humans. After submission of the IND, we must wait 30 days before initiating clinical testing so that the FDA has the opportunity to review the IND for safety and to determine that clinical testing will not expose human subjects to unreasonable risk. We will then initiate clinical testing under the supervision of qualified investigators in accordance with established regulatory requirements, including Good Clinical Practice regulations. The clinical testing begins with Phase 1 studies, which are designed to assess safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics and preliminary pharmacodynamic activity of the compound in humans. If favorable, additional, larger Phase 2 studies are initiated to determine the efficacy of the compound in the affected population and define appropriate dosing for the compound, as well as identify any adverse effects that could limit the compound’s usefulness. In some situations, the clinical program incorporates adaptive design methodology to use accumulating data to decide how to modify aspects of the ongoing clinical study as it continues, without undermining the validity and integrity of the trial. One type of adaptive clinical trial is an adaptive Phase 2a / 2b trial design, a two-stage trial design consisting of a Phase 2a proof-of-concept stage and a Phase 2b dose-optimization finding stage. If data from the Phase 2 trials are satisfactory, we commence large-scale Phase 3 trials to confirm the compound’s efficacy and safety. Another type of adaptive clinical trial is an adaptive Phase 2 / 3 trial design, a study that includes an interim analysis and an adaptation that changes the trial from having features common in a Phase 2 study (such as multiple dose groups) to a design similar to a Phase 3 trial. An adaptive Phase 2 / 3 trial design reduces timelines by eliminating activities which would be required to start a separate study. Upon completion of Phase 3 trials, if satisfactory, we submit regulatory filings with the appropriate regulatory agencies around the world to have the product candidate approved for marketing. There can be no assurance that a compound that is the result of any particular program will obtain the regulatory approvals necessary for it to be marketed. After a product receives marketing authorization, the FDA may require us to perform post-marketing studies, or Phase 4 studies, which may involve additional clinical trials, nonclinical testing and surveillance programs to monitor the safety of approved products or to provide additional information regarding treatment or a drug’s risks, benefits, or best use.
In the United States, upon completion of clinical testing, a complete NDA or BLA is submitted, received and accepted for review by the FDA. Within 60 days after receipt, the FDA determines if the application is sufficiently complete to permit a substantive review. The FDA also assesses, at that time, whether the application
 
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will be granted a priority review or standard review. Pursuant to the Prescription Drug User Fee Act, the FDA review period target for NDAs or original BLAs is either six months, for priority review, or 10 months, for a standard review, from the time the application is deemed sufficiently complete. Once the review timelines are determined, the FDA will generally act upon the application within those timelines, unless a major amendment has been submitted (either at our own initiative or the FDA’s request) to the pending application. If this occurs, the FDA may extend the review period to allow for review of the new information, but by no more than three months. The FDA can act on an application either by issuing an approval letter or by issuing a Complete Response Letter (“CRL”) stating that the application will not be approved in its present form and describing all deficiencies that the FDA has identified. Should we wish to pursue an application after receiving a CRL, we are able to resubmit the application with information that addresses the questions or issues identified by the FDA in order to support approval. Resubmissions are subject to review period targets, which vary depending on the underlying submission type and the content of the resubmission.
The FDA has four program designations—Fast Track, Breakthrough Therapy, Accelerated Approval and Priority Review—to facilitate and expedite development and review of new drugs to address unmet medical need in the treatment of serious or life-threatening conditions. The Fast Track designation provides pharmaceutical manufacturers with opportunities for frequent interactions with FDA reviewers during the product’s development and the ability for the manufacturer to do a rolling submission of the NDA/BLA. A rolling submission allows completed portions of the application to be submitted and reviewed by the FDA on an ongoing basis. The Breakthrough Therapy designation provides manufacturers with all of the features of the Fast Track designation as well as intensive guidance on implementing an efficient development program for the product and a commitment by the FDA to involve senior managers and experienced staff in the review. The Accelerated Approval designation allows the FDA to approve a product based on an effect on a surrogate or intermediate endpoint that is reasonably likely to predict a product’s clinical benefit and generally requires the manufacturer to conduct required post-approval confirmatory trials to verify the clinical benefit. As a condition of approval, the FDA may require a sponsor of a drug receiving accelerated approval to perform Phase 4 or post-marketing studies to verify and describe the predicted clinical benefit, and the drug may be subject to accelerated withdrawal procedures. The Priority Review designation means that the FDA’s goal is to take action on the NDA/BLA within six months, compared to 10 months under standard review.
In addition, the BPCIA provides for an abbreviated pathway for obtaining FDA approval of biologic drugs that satisfy certain criteria. If a manufacturer can show that its proposed biosimilar product is highly similar to and has no clinically meaningful differences from the FDA-approved reference product, it can rely in part on the FDA’s previous determination of safety and effectiveness for the reference product for obtaining approval. This can potentially lead to a faster and less costly approval process for these products because it generally means that the biosimilar manufacturer does not need to conduct as many clinical trials.
After the NDA or BLA has been approved, a drug can be marketed in the United States and remains subject to post-marketing drug safety monitoring by the FDA. Any significant changes to an approved drug, such as changes in formulation, labeling, dosage strength, or certain manufacturing changes require prior approval by the FDA through a supplemental application. Additionally, further development of an approved drug for a new use, dosage strength, or a new or different form must be conducted under a new IND. Our activities are subject to the FDA’s requirements governing, among other things, drug establishment registration and listing, labeling and advertising, and current Good Manufacturing Practices (“cGMP”) regulations, which set forth minimum requirements for the methods, facilities, and controls used in manufacturing, processing, and packing a drug product. Post-approval reports of product quality defects and adverse events are maintained and submitted to the FDA in accordance with its regulations. The FDA conducts routine inspections of drug manufacturing facilities to monitor compliance with these requirements. Non-compliance with cGMP or other regulatory requirements can lead to regulatory action, including issuance of Warning Letters to the Company or issuance of safety alerts, press releases, or other communications containing warnings about the products; suspension or withdrawal of the marketing authorizations; suspension of any ongoing clinical trials; or other enforcement or regulatory actions, including seeking injunction or imposing civil or criminal penalties or monetary fines.
 
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The FDA regulates the advertising and promotion of our products to ensure that the claims we make are consistent with our regulatory approvals, that there are adequate and reasonable data to substantiate the claims, and that our promotional labeling and advertising is neither false nor misleading in any respect.
As a manufacturer and distributor of drug products, our activities are regulated under various federal and state statutes, including the Drug Quality and Security Act of 2013 (the “DQSA”) and Controlled Substances Act (the “CSA”).
Title II of the DQSA, known as the Drug Supply Chain Security Act, calls for the establishment of a nationwide electronic system that tracks certain prescription drugs at each point in the supply chain in order to prevent the introduction of counterfeit, adulterated, or mislabeled drugs into the market. Implementation began in 2015 and is scheduled to be completed by 2023. The FDA has issued regulations and guidance implementing the DQSA, which require manufacturers, distributors, and dispensers to comply with various regulatory requirements related to product identification, product tracing, product verification, detection and response, notification, and wholesaler licensing.
Under the CSA, manufacturers and distributors of controlled substances must maintain registration with the Drug Enforcement Agency (“DEA”) and comply with various regulatory requirements, including with respect to maintaining records and inventory, reporting to the DEA, and meeting certain security and operational safeguards.
The Regulatory Approval Process Outside the United States
Before our pharmaceutical products can be marketed outside of the United States, they may be subject to regulatory approval similar to that required in the United States. The requirements governing the conduct of clinical trials, including requirements to conduct additional clinical trials, product licensing, safety reporting, post-authorization requirements, marketing and promotion, interactions with health care professionals, pricing and reimbursement may vary widely from country to country. No action can be taken to market any product in a country until an appropriate approval application has been approved by the regulatory authorities in that country. The current approval process varies from country to country, and the time spent in gaining approval varies from that required for FDA approval. In certain countries, the sales price of a product must also be approved. The pricing review period often begins after market approval is granted. Even if a product is approved by a regulatory authority, satisfactory prices may not be approved for such product, which would make launch of such products commercially unfeasible in such countries.
The European Union
Drug and Biologic Development Process
Similar to the United States, the various phases of non-clinical and clinical research in the EU are subject to significant regulatory controls. Although the EU Clinical Trials Directive 2001/20/EC (“Clinical Trials Directive”), has sought to harmonize the EU clinical trials regulatory framework, setting out common rules for the control and authorization of clinical trials in the EU, EU Member States have transposed and applied the provisions of the Clinical Trials Directive in a manner that is not always uniform. This has led to variations in the rules governing the conduct of clinical trials in the individual EU Member States. The EU has, therefore, adopted Regulation (EU) No 536/2014 (“Clinical Trials Regulation”). The Clinical Trials Regulation, which will replace the Clinical Trials Directive, introduces a complete overhaul of the existing regulation of clinical trials for pharmaceutical products in the EU, including a new coordinated procedure for authorization of clinical trials that is reminiscent of the mutual recognition procedure for marketing authorization of pharmaceutical products, and increased obligations on sponsors to publish clinical trial results. The coming into effect of the Clinical Trials Regulation has been postponed several times due to technical difficulties with the underlying IT systems that are still ongoing. Currently, it is not expected to come into force before December 2021.
Under the current regime, before a clinical trial can be initiated, it must be approved in each EU Member State where there is a site at which the trial is to be conducted by two separate entities: the National Competent
 
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Authority (“NCA”), and one or more Ethics Committees. The NCA of the EU Member States in which the clinical trial will be conducted must authorize the conduct of the trial, and the independent Ethics Committee must grant a positive opinion in relation to the conduct of the clinical trial in the relevant EU Member State before the commencement of the trial. Any substantial changes to trial protocol or other information submitted with the clinical trial applications must be submitted to or approved by the relevant NCA and Ethics Committees. Under the current regime, all suspected unexpected serious adverse reactions to the investigated drug that occur during the clinical trial must be reported to the NCA and to the Ethics Committees of the EU Member State where they occur.
However, under the new Clinical Trials Regulation, which will come into force once the underlying IT systems are working, the approval of clinical trials in the EU will be simplified and streamlined. For example, the sponsor will submit a single application for approval of a clinical trial via the clinical trials information system. As part of the application process, the sponsor will propose a reporting Member State, which will coordinate the validation and evaluation of the application. The reporting Member State shall consult and coordinate with the other concerned Member States. If an application is rejected, it can be amended and resubmitted through the EU Portal. If an approval is issued, the sponsor can start the clinical trial in all concerned Member States. However, a concerned Member State can in limited circumstances declare an “opt-out” from an approval. In such a case, the clinical trial cannot be conducted in that Member State. The Clinical Trials Regulation also aims to streamline and simplify the rules on safety reporting, and introduces enhanced transparency requirements such as mandatory submission of a summary of the clinical trial results to the EU Database.
National laws, regulations, and the applicable Good Clinical Practice and Good Laboratory Practice standards must also be respected during the conduct of the trials, including the International Council for Harmonization of Technical Requirements for Pharmaceuticals for Human Use guidelines on Good Clinical Practice (“GCP”).
During the development of a pharmaceutical product, the EMA and national regulators within the EU provide the opportunity for dialogue and guidance on the development program. At the EMA level, this is usually done in the form of scientific advice, which is given by the Committee for Medicinal Products for Human Use (“CHMP”) on the recommendation of the Scientific Advice Working Party. A fee is incurred with each scientific advice procedure. Advice from the EMA is typically provided based on questions concerning, for example, quality (chemistry, manufacturing and controls testing), nonclinical testing and clinical studies, and pharmacovigilance plans and risk-management programs. Advice is not legally binding with regard to any future Marketing Authorization Application (“MAA”) of the product concerned.
In the EU, pediatric data or an approved Pediatric Investigation Plan (“PIP”), or deferral or waiver, must be approved by the EMA, prior to submission of a MAA to the EMA or to the competent authorities of the EU Member States; an application has to include the results of studies as described in an approved PIP, unless the pharmaceutical product is exempt because of a deferral or waiver. In most EU Member States, companies are also required to have an approved PIP before enrolling pediatric patients in a clinical trial.
Marketing Authorization Procedures
In the EU and in Iceland, Norway and Liechtenstein (together the European Economic Area or “EEA”), pharmaceutical products may only be placed on the market after obtaining a Marketing Authorization (“MA”). Marketing Authorizations can be obtained through the centralized procedure, the mutual recognition procedure, the decentralized procedure, or a national procedure (for pharmaceutical products sold in a single EU Member State only). The primary method we use to obtain a Marketing Authorization of pharmaceutical products in the EU is through the centralized procedure.
The centralized procedure provides for the grant of a single MA by the European Commission (“EC”), that is valid for all 27 EU Member States and, after respective national implementing decisions, in the three additional
 
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EEA Member States (Iceland, Norway and Liechtenstein). The centralized procedure is compulsory for certain pharmaceutical products, including pharmaceutical products derived from biotechnological processes, orphan pharmaceutical products, advanced therapy pharmaceutical products and products with a new active substance indicated for the treatment of AIDS, cancer, neurodegenerative disorders, diabetes, auto-immune and viral diseases. It is optional for pharmaceutical products containing a new active substance not yet authorized in the EEA before May 20, 2004, that constitute significant therapeutic, scientific or technical innovations, or for which the grant of an MA through the centralized procedure would be in the interest of public health at the EU level. Under the centralized procedure, the timeframe for the evaluation of an MA application by the EMA’s CHMP is, in principle, 210 days from receipt of a valid application for MA. However, this timeline excludes clock stops, when additional written or oral information is to be provided by the applicant in response to questions asked by the CHMP, so the overall process typically takes a year or more. Applications may be eligible for accelerated assessment if the CHMP decides the product is of major interest for public health and therapeutic innovation. On request, the CHMP can reduce the time frame to 150 days if the applicant provides sufficient justification for an accelerated assessment. The CHMP will provide a positive opinion regarding the application only if it meets certain quality, safety and efficacy requirements. However, the EC has final authority for granting the MA within 67 days after receipt of the CHMP opinion. In light of the UK’s decision to leave the EU, the UK Medicines and Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency had proposed that, subject to being approved by the UK Parliament, a centralized MA will automatically convert into a UK MA. However, that proposal has been withdrawn and further changes may be forthcoming in the scope of the centralized approval procedure as the terms of the future relationship are negotiated between the United Kingdom and the European Union.
The decentralized marketing authorization procedure permits companies to file identical applications for an MA to the competent authorities in several EU Member States simultaneously for a pharmaceutical product that has not yet been authorized in any EU Member State. This procedure is available for pharmaceutical products not falling within the mandatory scope of the centralized procedure. The competent authority of a single EU Member State, the reference member state, is appointed to review the application and provide an assessment report. The competent authorities of the other EU Member States, the concerned member states, are subsequently required to grant MA for their territories on the basis of this assessment. The only exception to this is where the competent authority of an EU Member State considers that there are concerns of potential serious risk to public health related to authorization of the product. In these circumstances the matter is submitted to the Heads of Medicines Agencies for review.
Where a pharmaceutical product has already been authorized for marketing in an EEA Member State, this national authorization can be recognized in another Member State through the mutual recognition procedure. The national marketing authorization procedure, which is increasingly rare, permits a company to submit an application to the competent authority of a single EU Member State and, if successful, to obtain a MA that is valid only in this EU Member State. If a pharmaceutical product falls under the optional scope of the centralized procedure, the applicant has the choice of using either the centralized or the national (decentralized / mutual recognition) procedure.
Similar to accelerated approval regulations in the United States, conditional MAs can be granted in the EU by the European Commission in exceptional circumstances. A conditional MA can be granted for pharmaceutical products where, although comprehensive clinical data referring to the safety and efficacy of the pharmaceutical product have not been supplied, a number of criteria are fulfilled; (i) the benefit / risk balance of the product is positive, (ii) it is likely that the applicant will be in a position to provide the comprehensive clinical data, (iii) unmet medical need will be fulfilled by the grant of the marketing authorization and (iv) the benefit to public health of the immediate availability on the market of the pharmaceutical product concerned outweighs the risk inherent in the fact that additional data are still required. A conditional MA must be renewed annually.
All new MAAs must include a Risk Management Plan (“RMP”), describing the risk management system that the company will put in place and documenting measures to prevent or minimize the risks associated with the product. The regulatory authorities may also impose specific obligations as a condition of the MA. RMPs and
 
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Periodic Safety Update Reports (“PSURs”) are routinely available to third parties requesting access, subject to limited redactions.
Marketing Authorizations have an initial duration of five years. After these five years, the authorization may be renewed on the basis of a reevaluation of the risk-benefit balance. Once renewed, the MA is valid for an unlimited period unless the EC or the national competent authority decides, on justified grounds relating to pharmacovigilance, to proceed with one additional five-year renewal. Applications for renewal must be made to the EMA at least nine (9) months before the five-year period expires.
Data and Market Exclusivity
As in the United States, it may be possible to obtain a period of market and / or data exclusivity in the EU that would have the effect of postponing the entry into the marketplace of a competitor’s generic, hybrid or biosimilar product (even if the pharmaceutical product has already received an MA) and prohibiting another applicant from relying on the MA holder’s pharmacological, toxicological and clinical data in support of another MA for the purposes of submitting an application, obtaining MA or placing the product on the market. New chemical entities (“NCE”) approved in the EU qualify for eight years of data exclusivity and 10 years of marketing exclusivity. An additional noncumulative one-year period of marketing exclusivity is possible if during the data exclusivity period (the first eight years of the 10-year marketing exclusivity period), the MA holder obtains an authorization for one or more new therapeutic indications that are deemed to bring a significant clinical benefit compared to existing therapies.
The data exclusivity period begins on the date of the product’s first MA in the EU. After eight years, a generic product application may be submitted and generic companies may rely on the MA holder’s data. However, a generic product cannot launch until two years later (or a total of 10 years after the first MA in the EU of the innovator product), or three years later (or a total of 11 years after the first MA in the EU of the innovator product) if the MA holder obtains MA for a new indication with significant clinical benefit within the eight-year data exclusivity period. Additionally, another noncumulative one-year period of data exclusivity can be added to the eight years of data exclusivity where an application is made for a new indication for a well-established substance, provided that significant pre-clinical or clinical studies were carried out in relation to the new indication. Another year of data exclusivity may be added to the eight years, where a change of classification of a pharmaceutical product has been authorized on the basis of significant pre-trial tests or clinical trials (when examining an application by another applicant for or holder of market authorization for a change of classification of the same substance the competent authority will not refer to the results of those tests or trials for one year after the initial chance was authorized).
However, even if a compound is considered to be a NCE and the MA applicant is able to gain the prescribed period of data exclusivity, another company nevertheless could also market another version of the pharmaceutical product if such company can complete a full MAA with their own complete database of pharmaceutical tests, preclinical studies and clinical trials (without relying on the other initial applicant’s data) and obtain MA of its product.
Post-Approval Regulation
Similar to the United States, both MA holders and manufacturers of pharmaceutical products are subject to comprehensive regulatory oversight by the EMA, the European Commission and / or the competent regulatory authorities of the EU Member States. This oversight applies both before and after grant of manufacturing licenses and marketing authorizations. It includes control of compliance with EU good manufacturing practices rules, manufacturing authorizations, pharmacovigilance rules and requirements governing advertising, promotion, sale, and distribution, recordkeeping, importing and exporting of pharmaceutical products.
Failure by us or by any of our third-party partners, including suppliers, manufacturers and distributors to comply with EU laws and the related national laws of individual EU Member States governing the conduct of
 
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clinical trials, manufacturing approval, marketing authorization of pharmaceutical products and marketing of such products, both before and after grant of marketing authorization, statutory health insurance, bribery and anti-corruption or other applicable regulatory requirements may result in administrative, civil or criminal penalties. These penalties could include delays or refusal to authorize the conduct of clinical trials or to grant marketing authorization, product withdrawals and recalls, product seizures, suspension, withdrawal or variation of the marketing authorization, total or partial suspension of production, distribution, manufacturing or clinical trials, operating restrictions, injunctions, suspension of licenses, fines and criminal penalties.
The holder of an EU MA for a pharmaceutical product must also comply with EU pharmacovigilance legislation and its related regulations and guidelines, which entail many requirements for conducting pharmacovigilance, or the assessment and monitoring of the safety of pharmaceutical products. These pharmacovigilance rules can impose on holders of MAs the obligation to conduct a labor intensive collection of data regarding the risks and benefits of marketed pharmaceutical products and to engage in ongoing assessments of those risks and benefits, including the possible requirement to conduct additional clinical studies or post-authorization safety studies to obtain further information on a medicine’s safety, or to measure the effectiveness of risk-management measures, which may be time consuming and expensive and could impact our profitability. MA holders must establish and maintain a pharmacovigilance system and appoint an individual qualified person for pharmacovigilance, who is responsible for oversight of that system. Key obligations include expedited reporting of suspected serious adverse reactions and submission of PSURs in relation to pharmaceutical products for which they hold MAs. The EMA reviews PSURs for pharmaceutical products authorized through the centralized procedure. If the EMA has concerns that the risk benefit profile of a product has varied, it can adopt an opinion advising that the existing MA for the product be suspended, withdrawn or varied. The agency can advise that the MA holder be obliged to conduct post-authorization Phase IV safety studies. The EMA opinion is submitted to the European Commission for its consideration. If the Commission agrees with the opinion, it can adopt a decision varying the existing MA. Failure by the marketing authorization holder to fulfill the obligations for which the European Commission’s decision provides can undermine the on-going validity of the MA.
More generally, noncompliance with pharmacovigilance obligations can lead to the variation, suspension or withdrawal of the MA for the product or imposition of financial penalties or other enforcement measures.
The manufacturing process for pharmaceutical products in the EU is highly regulated and regulators may shut down manufacturing facilities that they believe do not comply with regulations. Manufacturing requires a manufacturing authorization, and the manufacturing authorization holder must comply with various requirements set out in the applicable EU laws, regulations and guidance, including Directive 2001/83/EC, Directive 2003/94/EC, Regulation (EC) No 726/2004 and the European Commission Guidelines for Good Manufacturing Practice (“GMP”). We and our third-party manufacturers are also subject to other good manufacturing practices, which are extensive regulations governing manufacturing processes, stability testing, record keeping and quality standards as defined by the EMA, the European Commission, the competent authorities of EU Member States and other regulatory authorities. Companies may be subject to civil, criminal or administrative sanctions, if they fail to comply with these practices. These include suspension of manufacturing authorization in case of non-compliance with the EU or EU Member States’ requirements governing the manufacturing of pharmaceutical products.
Compliance with EU GMP standards is required when manufacturing pharmaceutical products and active pharmaceutical ingredients, including the manufacture of active pharmaceutical ingredients outside of the EU with the intention to import the active pharmaceutical ingredients into the EU. Similarly, the distribution of pharmaceutical products into and within the EU is subject to compliance with the applicable EU laws, regulations and guidelines, including the requirement to hold appropriate authorizations for distribution granted by the competent authorities of the EU Member States. The manufacturer or importer must have a qualified person who is responsible for certifying that each batch of product has been manufactured in accordance with GMP, before releasing the product for commercial distribution in the EU or for use in a clinical trial. Manufacturing facilities are subject to periodic inspections by the competent authorities for compliance with GMP.
 
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Sales and Marketing Regulations
The advertising and promotion of our products is also subject to EU laws concerning promotion of pharmaceutical products, interactions with health care providers, misleading and comparative advertising and unfair commercial practices. In addition, other national legislation of individual EU Member States may apply to the advertising and promotion of pharmaceutical products and may differ from one country to another. These laws require that promotional materials and advertising in relation to pharmaceutical products comply with the product’s Summary of Product Characteristics (“SmPC”) as approved by the competent regulatory authorities. The SmPC is the document that provides information to health care providers concerning the safe and effective use of the pharmaceutical product. It forms an intrinsic and integral part of the marketing authorization granted for the pharmaceutical product. Promotion of a pharmaceutical product that does not comply with the SmPC is considered to constitute off-label promotion. The off-label promotion of pharmaceutical products is prohibited in the European Union. The applicable laws at the EU level and in the individual EU Member States also prohibit the direct-to-consumer advertising of prescription-only pharmaceutical products. Violations of the rules governing the promotion of pharmaceutical products in the European Union could be penalized by administrative measures, fines and imprisonment. These laws may further limit or restrict the advertising and promotion of our products to the general public and may also impose limitations on its promotional activities with health care professionals.
Anti-Corruption Legislation
In the EU, interactions between pharmaceutical companies and health care providers are also governed by strict laws, regulations, industry self-regulation codes of conduct and health care providers’ codes of professional conduct both at the EU level and in the individual EU Member States. The provision of benefits or advantages to health care providers to induce or encourage the prescription, recommendation, endorsement, purchase, supply, order or use of pharmaceutical products is prohibited in the European Union. The provision of benefits or advantages to health care providers is also governed by the national anti-bribery laws of the EU Member States. Violation of these laws could result in substantial fines and imprisonment.
Payments made to health care providers in certain EU Member States also must be publicly disclosed. Moreover, agreements with health care providers must often be the subject of prior notification and approval by the physician’s employer, his / her regulatory professional organization, and / or the competent authorities of the individual EU Member States. These requirements are provided in the national laws, industry codes, or professional codes of conduct, applicable in the individual EU Member States. Failure to comply with these requirements could result in reputational risk, public reprimands, administrative penalties, fines or imprisonment.
Other Markets
Outside of the United States, the EU, the EEA and other European Jurisdictions, we submit marketing applications to national regulatory authorities. Examples of such are the NMPA in China, the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare in Japan, Health Canada, Agência Nacional de Vigilância Sanitária in Brazil, Korea Food and Drug Administration in South Korea and Therapeutic Goods Administration in Australia. Each country has a separate and independent review process and timeline. In many markets, approval times can be longer as the regulatory authority requires approval in a major market, such as the United States or the EU and issuance of a Certificate of Pharmaceutical Product from that market before initiating their local review process.
Environmental Matters
We believe that there are no compliance issues associated with applicable environmental laws and regulations that would have a material adverse effect on our business. Expenditures for remediation and environmental liabilities were $1 million in 2020 and are estimated to be $18 million in the aggregate for the years 2021 through 2025. In management’s opinion, the liabilities for all environmental matters that are probable and reasonably estimable have been accrued and totaled $24 million and $21 million at December 31, 2020 and
 
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2019, respectively. Although it is not possible to predict with certainty the outcome of these matters, or the ultimate costs of remediation, we do not believe that any reasonably possible expenditures that may be incurred in excess of the liabilities accrued should exceed $20 million in the aggregate. We also do not believe that these expenditures should have a material adverse effect on our financial condition, results of operations or liquidity for any year.
We believe that climate change could present risks to our business. Some of the potential effects of climate change to our business include increased operating costs due to additional regulatory requirements, physical risks to our facilities, water limitations and disruptions to our supply chain. These potential risks are integrated into our business planning, including investment in reducing energy, water use and greenhouse gas emissions. We do not believe these risks are material to our business at this time.
Third-Party Agreements
Samsung Bioepis Development and Commercialization Agreement
We are party to a development and commercialization agreement with Samsung Bioepis. The agreement was entered into by Merck and Samsung Bioepis as of February 18, 2013 (as subsequently amended by Amendments No. 1, No. 2, No. 3, No. 4, No. 5, No. 6 and No. 7, the “Samsung Bioepis Agreement”). All of the rights and obligations of Merck under the Samsung Bioepis Agreement were transferred to us in connection with the separation. The Samsung Bioepis Agreement grants us an exclusive license to commercialize the following pre-specified biosimilars products (with reference products in parenthesis) developed by Samsung Bioepis: Adalimumab (Humira), Bevacizumab (Avastin), Infliximab (Remicade), Trastuzumab (Herceptin) and Etanercept (Enbrel). See “—Our Biosimilars Products” for a description of each product and the geographic areas in which we have an exclusive license for regulatory and commercialization activities.
Under the Samsung Bioepis Agreement, Samsung Bioepis is responsible for pre-clinical and clinical development, process development and manufacturing, clinical trials and registration of product candidates. Our access rights to each product under the Samsung Bioepis Agreement last for 10 years from each such product’s launch date on a market-by-market basis. Unless the parties agree to extend the term, the agreement expires upon the expiration of the last such 10 year period. We may terminate the agreement with respect to a particular region or product if a product fails to meet certain milestones in such region. We may terminate the agreement upon 60 days’ written notice to Samsung Bioepis for a particular presentation of a product in a region if Samsung Bioepis’s revenue share for such product presentation in such region exceeds a certain contractual threshold. We may also terminate the agreement upon 60 days’ written notice in the event of a third party infringement claim that Samsung Bioepis decides to litigate despite our opposition to such litigation.
The agreement may be terminated by either party on 30 days’ written notice for a particular product or region if the parties fail to agree upon a strategy regarding third party patents within six months following written notice by either party of the existence of such patents. The agreement may also be terminated by either party upon written notice if the other party commits a material breach of its obligations by specified actions within its reasonable control and has not cured such breach within ninety calendar days after notice requesting cure of the breach.
The Samsung Bioepis Agreement provides that gross profits are shared equally in all markets with the exception of Brazil where gross profits are shared 65% to Samsung Bioepis and 35% to us. The Samsung Bioepis Agreement also provides for payment of certain milestone license fees associated with pre-specified clinical and regulatory milestones to Samsung Bioepis, payment of the supply price for each product to Samsung Bioepis, and an upfront payment to Samsung Bioepis that was completed by Merck at the commencement of the agreement. As of December 31, 2020, there were $25 million in potential future regulatory milestone payments remaining under the agreement. For further information related to the Samsung Bioepis collaboration, see Note 4 to our audited annual combined financial statements.
 
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Employees
We expect that upon the separation, we will have approximately 9,950 employees worldwide. Approximately 1,530 employees are employed in the United States, including Puerto Rico. Approximately 35% of our worldwide employees are represented by various collective bargaining groups.
Legal Proceedings
We are from time to time subject to claims and litigation arising in the ordinary course of business. These claims and litigation may include, among other things, allegations of violation of United States and foreign competition law, labor laws, consumer protection laws and environmental laws and related regulations, as well as claims or litigation relating to product liability, intellectual property, securities law, breach of contract and tort. We operate in multiple jurisdictions and, as a result, claims in one jurisdiction may lead to claims or regulatory penalties in other jurisdictions. We intend to defend vigorously against any pending or future claims and litigation. For a description of certain legal proceedings, see Note 10 to our audited annual combined financial statements.
While our liability in connection with certain claims cannot be estimated with any certainty, and although the resolution in any reporting period of one or more of these matters could have a significant effect on the company’s results of operations and cash flow for that period, the outcome of these legal proceedings is not expected to have a material adverse effect on our combined financial position. Although we believe we have valid defenses in these matters, litigation is inherently uncertain, excessive verdicts do occur, and we may in the future incur material judgments against us or enter into settlements of claims resulting in material financial payments or otherwise having a material and adverse effect on our operations and financial condition.
Subject to certain specified matters, we and Merck generally will assume liability for all pending, threatened and unasserted legal matters related to our respective businesses or assumed or retained liabilities and will indemnify the other party for any liability to the extent arising out of or resulting from such assumed or retained legal matters.
 
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Management
Executive Officers and Directors Following the Distribution
The following table sets forth information as of April 1, 2021, regarding individuals who are expected to serve as our executive officers and/or directors following the distribution.

	Name	  	Age	 	  	Position	
Kevin Ali	  	 	60	 	  	Chief Executive Officer and Director Nominee		
Matthew Walsh	  	 	54	 	  	Chief Financial Officer		
Aaron Falcione	  	 	50	 	  	Chief Human Resources Officer		
Susanne Fiedler	  	 	53	 	  	Chief Commercial Officer		
Sandra Milligan	  	 	57	 	  	Head of Research & Development		
Joseph T. Morrissey, Jr.	  	 	56	 	  	Head of Manufacturing		
Vittorio Nisita	  	 	53	 	  	Head of Global Business Services		
Geralyn S. Ritter	  	 	52	 	  	Head of External Affairs and ESG		
Rachel Stahler	  	 	45	 	  	Chief Information Officer		
Deborah H. Telman	  	 	56	 	  	General Counsel		
Carrie S. Cox	  	 	63	 	  	Director Nominee and Chairman of the Board of Directors		
Robert Essner	  	 	73	 	  	Director Nominee		
R. Alan Ezekowitz	  	 	67	 	  	Director Nominee		
Ma. Fatima D. Francisco	  	 	52	 	  	Director Nominee		
Helene D. Gayle	  	 	65	 	  	Director Nominee		
Rochelle B. Lazarus	  	 	73	 	  	Director Nominee		
Deborah R. Leone	  	 	56	 	  	Director Nominee		
Martha E. McGarry	  	 	69	 	  	Director Nominee		
Phillip Ozuah	  	 	58	 	  	Director Nominee		
Cynthia M. Patton	  	 	59	 	  	Director Nominee		
Grace Puma	  	 	58	 	  	Director Nominee		
Shalini Sharp	  	 	46	 	  	Director Nominee		
Set forth below is biographical information about each of the executive officers and director nominees named in the table above.
Executive Officers
Kevin Ali will serve as our Chief Executive Officer and one of our directors. In his most recent role at Merck, he has led the Company’s global enterprise portfolio strategy initiative, reporting to Chairman and CEO Kenneth Frazier. Prior to this role, between 2017 and 2019, Mr. Ali served as the President of Merck Sharp & Dohme Corp. (“MSD”) International with commercial responsibility for all markets outside of the United States. Under his leadership, the MSD International division was a significant driver of Merck’s growth. Earlier in his Merck career, Mr. Ali served as the President of the Emerging Markets region where he transformed the performance of many markets into sustained growth and strength and introduced a number of important commercial development partnerships. Mr. Ali has also held several additional leadership roles at Merck, including Senior Vice President and General Manager of the Bone, Respiratory, Immunology and Dermatology franchise; Senior Vice President and Managing Director of MSD in Germany; and Managing Director of MSD in Turkey. Mr. Ali is a graduate of the University of California at Berkeley and holds an MBA from Santa Clara University. Mr. Ali will bring to the Board of Directors three decades of pharmaceutical and commercial experience and extensive knowledge of the industry’s customers as well as Organon’s core portfolio areas and global operations.
Matthew Walsh will serve as our Chief Financial Officer. Previously, Mr. Walsh served as Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer of Allergan plc, a global pharmaceutical company, from 2018 until the sale of the company in 2020. Prior to joining Allergan, Mr. Walsh served as Chief Financial Officer of Catalent, Inc., a global provider of delivery technologies, development, and manufacturing solutions for drugs, biologics, cell and
 
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gene therapies and consumer health products from 2008 to 2018, most recently as Executive Vice President from 2012 to 2018, and prior to that as Senior Vice President from 2008 to 2012. Prior to Catalent, Mr. Walsh progressed through financial roles of increasing responsibility primarily in industrial manufacturing, culminating in chief financial officer roles at several public companies. Since 2020, he has served on the board of directors of Certara, Inc., a provider of software and consulting services to the life sciences industry, where he is also Audit Committee Chair. From 2015 to 2017, he served on the board of directors of Multicolor Corporation, where he also served as Audit Committee Chair. Mr. Walsh is a graduate of Cornell University, College of Engineering and received an M.B.A. from Cornell University, SC Johnson School of Management. Mr. Walsh is a CFA® Charterholder.
Aaron Falcione will serve as our Chief Human Resources Officer. Mr. Falcione has served as Vice President of Human Resources (“HR”) at Merck with global HR responsibility for the Human Health commercial organization since 2018. He also previously had HR responsibility for all markets outside the United States between 2017 and 2018 and for the MSD Emerging Markets region between 2014 and 2017. Prior to joining Merck, from 2005 to 2014, Mr. Falcione was at Siemens AG in a mix of HR and mergers & acquisitions (“M&A”) roles, working on a number of acquisition and divestiture projects across the Siemens portfolio. He spent the first 10 years of his career with PricewaterhouseCoopers (“PwC”) in roles of increasing responsibility within PwC’s M&A services practice. Mr. Falcione is a graduate of University of Maryland and received a master’s in industrial psychology from Kent State University. 
Susanne Fiedler will serve as our Chief Commercial Officer. Since 2019, Ms. Fiedler has served as the President of Europe and Canada for the MSD Human Health commercial organization. Since joining MSD 23 years ago in Germany, she has held various roles with increasing responsibility within marketing and sales. She has had two assignments in the United States: she was a Regional Marketing Leader for pain and osteoporosis from 2005 to 2006, and the Global Brand Leader for the diabetes franchise from 2010 to 2012. In 2012, she moved to Australia to become the Managing Director of MSD in Australia and New Zealand. In 2016, she returned to her home country and became the Managing Director of MSD in Germany. Ms. Fiedler is a graduate of the University of Passau in Germany, where she received a Ph.D. in business administration and marketing.
Sandra Milligan will serve as our Head of Research & Development. Since 2015, Dr. Milligan has served as the Senior Vice President and Head of Global Regulatory Affairs and Clinical Safety, where her responsibilities included leadership of the global clinical and CMC regulatory functions, as well as global clinical safety and pharmacovigilance for Merck Research Laboratories. She served on the Board of Directors of the Drug Information Association (DIA) from 2011 to 2017, including serving as Chair between 2015 and 2016. Prior to joining Merck, from 2012 to 2015, Dr. Milligan was at Genentech, a member of the Roche Group, serving as Vice President, Product Development Regulatory, and from 2002 to 2012, she was at Amgen Inc. in positions of increasing responsibility across legal and regulatory affairs functions. She served in the U.S. Army Medical Corps from 1987 to 1994. Dr. Milligan is a graduate of the University of California, Irvine, and received her M.D. from The George Washington University School of Medicine and a J.D. from the Georgetown University Law Center.
Joseph T. Morrissey, Jr. will serve as our Head of Manufacturing. Since 2017, Mr. Morrissey has served as the Senior Vice President responsible for global manufacturing of animal health products at Merck, and he is responsible for the end-to-end supply operations. Previously, he served as the Senior Vice President responsible for global human health pharmaceutical manufacturing from 2014 to 2016, Europe/Middle East/Africa pharmaceutical manufacturing from 2010 to 2013, and North America manufacturing operations and consumer health care from 2009 to 2010. In addition, over Mr. Morrissey’s more than 30-year career at Merck, he has also been the leader of global facilities management, corporate strategy, global supply chain management and has held roles of increasing responsibility in pharmaceutical and vaccine manufacturing, planning, and engineering. Mr. Morrissey is a graduate of Lafayette College and received an M.B.A. from Villanova University.
Vittorio Nisita will serve as our Head of Global Business Services. Since 2017, Mr. Nisita has served as the Vice President of the MSD commercial operations team, which provides support to country teams across several capability areas, including strategy development, digital transformation, sales and marketing excellence, sales and operations planning, and trade channel management. He began his Merck career in 2003, as a member of the
 
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corporate strategy office. Prior to joining Merck, Mr. Nisita worked as a consultant in the Italian office of McKinsey & Co., supporting clients in the telecommunications and banking industries. Prior to that, Mr. Nisita led engineering teams and manufacturing operations at Kimberly Clark Corporation and Georgia-Pacific LLC, both of which are global companies in the pulp and paper industry. Mr. Nisita is a graduate of the University of Minnesota and received an M.B.A. from the Kellogg School of Management at Northwestern University.
Geralyn Ritter will serve as our Head of External Affairs and ESG. She has been with Merck for 13 years and served as Senior Vice President, Corporate Secretary and Assistant General Counsel from 2012 to 2020, as well as Senior Vice President, Global Public Policy and Corporate Responsibility from 2012 to 2014, and she was President of the Merck Foundation from 2010 to 2015. Ms. Ritter joined Merck in 2008 as Vice President, Global Public Policy. Prior to joining Merck, Ms. Ritter was Senior Vice President for International Affairs at the Pharmaceutical Research and Manufacturers of America (PhRMA), and Associate General Counsel for Intellectual Property at the Office of the U.S. Trade Representative. She also spent five years in private practice at the law firm of Covington & Burling LLP. She currently serves on the board of trustees of the Duke University Sanford School of Public Policy and as a director of the non-profit organizations Business for Social Responsibility and Power to Decide. Ms. Ritter is a graduate of Duke University, and she received her master’s degree from the Johns Hopkins School of Advanced International Studies and her J.D. from Stanford Law School. 
Rachel Stahler will serve as our Chief Information Officer. Previously, Ms. Stahler served as Chief Information Officer of Allergan plc, a global pharmaceutical company, from 2019 to 2020. Prior to joining Allergan, from 2017 to 2019, Ms. Stahler served as Chief Information & Digital Officer of Syneos Health, Inc., a global biopharmaceutical solutions company formed in 2017 through the merger of INC Research Holdings Inc. and inVentiv Health Inc. Prior to that, from 2015 to 2017, Ms. Stahler was Chief Information Officer of inVentiv Health, a global provider of outsourced clinical development and commercialization services to biopharmaceutical companies. Ms. Stahler served as Chief Information Officer of inVentiv Health Clinical from 2014 to 2015 and served as Chief Information Officer of Optimer Pharmaceuticals from 2011 to 2014. Ms. Stahler also spent 8 years at Pfizer, Inc., where she held senior level roles in its pharmaceutical and diversified businesses, including technology lead for a Global Center of Excellence for a significant business unit and global technology leadership positions for sales, marketing, market access, strategy and multiple therapeutic areas. Since 2020, Ms. Stahler has served on the board of directors of NeoGenomics, a leading provider of cancer-focused, next generation sequencing and other genetic testing services to physicians, hospitals, and pharmaceutical companies around the world. Ms. Stahler is a graduate of the University of Pennsylvania and received an M.B.A. from Columbia University.
Deborah H. Telman will serve as our General Counsel. Previously, Ms. Telman served as Senior Vice President, General Counsel & Corporate Secretary of Sorrento Therapeutics, Inc., a biopharmaceutical company, from 2018 to 2020. Prior to joining Sorrento, Ms. Telman held several senior executive roles at Johnson Controls International plc, a multinational building technology and solutions company, including Vice President & General Counsel, Building Solutions North America and Global Retail, from 2017 to 2018; Vice President & General Counsel, Corporate Legal Services, from 2016 to 2017; and Vice President & General Counsel, Centers of Excellence—Americas, from 2014 to 2015. Before Johnson Controls, Ms. Telman was at Abbott Laboratories in the position of Divisional Vice President, Associate General Counsel, from 2013 to 2014 and Division Counsel, Corporate Transactions, from 2009 to 2012. She also served as Chief Counsel, Mergers & Acquisitions at The Boeing Company, from 2002 to 2008 and was a Partner at Winston & Strawn LLP between 2000 and 2002. Ms. Telman is a graduate of the University of Pennsylvania and received her J.D. from Boston University School of Law.
Director Nominees
Please see “Executive Officers” above for the biographical information of Kevin Ali.
Carrie Cox will serve as Chairman of the Board of Directors. Ms. Cox served as the Chief Executive Officer of Humacyte, Inc., a privately-held regenerative medical technology company, between 2010 and 2018; in
 
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addition, she served as Chairman of the company’s board between 2013 and 2019, and she remains a member of the board. Ms. Cox served as Executive Vice President of Schering-Plough and President of Schering-Plough’s global pharmaceutical business between 2003 and 2009, when Schering-Plough merged with Merck & Co., Inc. Prior to joining Schering-Plough, Ms. Cox served as President of Pharmacia Corporation’s global pharmaceutical business from 1997 until its merger with Pfizer Inc. in 2003. She also currently serves as Chairman of Selecta Biosciences, Inc. and as a director of Texas Instruments Inc. and Cardinal Health Inc. She served on the board of directors of Celgene Corp. from 2009 until its acquisition by Bristol-Myers Squibb Co. in 2019, on the board of directors of electroCore, Inc. between 2018 and 2020, and as Chairman of the board of directors of Array BioPharma, Inc. from 2018 until its acquisition by Pfizer Inc. in 2019. Ms. Cox is a graduate of the Massachusetts College of Pharmacy. Ms. Cox will bring to the Board of Directors extensive executive experience from both large and small pharmaceutical and biopharma companies and deep public company governance expertise.
Robert Essner will serve as one of our directors. He is the former Chairman, Chief Executive Officer and President of Wyeth Pharmaceuticals, Inc., a global pharmaceuticals company, which is now part of Pfizer Inc. Specifically, he served as Wyeth’s Chairman between 2003 and his retirement from Wyeth in 2008, as its Chief Executive Officer between 2001 and 2007, its President between 2000 and 2006, its Chief Operating Officer between 2000 and 2001 and its Executive Vice President between 1997 and 2000. Prior to Wyeth, Mr. Essner spent more than a decade in various senior management positions at Sandoz Pharmaceuticals Corporation. Mr. Essner has served as a Senior Advisor of Global Healthcare for The Carlyle Group Inc., a private equity, alternative asset management and financial services corporation between 2009 and 2019. He also serves as an Executive in Residence and Adjunct Professor of Business at Columbia Business School. He also currently serves as a director of Amicus Therapeutics Inc. Mr. Essner is a graduate of Miami University and received his master’s degree from the University of Chicago. Mr. Essner will bring to the Board of Directors extensive industry leadership experience in the pharmaceutical industry.
R. Alan Ezekowitz will serve as one of our directors. He has been a Venture Partner at Third Rock Ventures, LLC, a healthcare venture firm, since 2019, and has served as Entrepreneur in Residence at Cardinal Partners, a venture capital firm, since 2011. He also serves as an advisor to Fidelity’s Select Biotechnology Portfolio and as a consultant to H. Lundbeck A/S. Dr. Ezekowitz served as the President and Chief Executive Officer of Abide Therapeutics, Inc., a biopharmaceutical company that he co-founded, between 2011 and 2019, when Abide was acquired by H. Lundbeck A/S. Prior to co-founding Abide, he was a Senior Vice President at Merck Research Laboratories responsible for the Bone, Respiratory, Immunology, Inflammation and Dermatology franchises. Prior to joining Merck, Dr. Ezekowitz was the Charles Wilder Professor of Pediatrics at the Harvard Medical School and Head of the Laboratory of Developmental Immunology between 1995 and 2006 and served as the chief of pediatric services at the Massachusetts General Hospital for Children and the Partners Healthcare System between 1999 and 2006. Dr. Ezekowitz served on the board of directors of the Partners Healthcare System and the Massachusetts General Hospital Physicians Organization. He currently serves on the board of directors of Fulcrum Therapeutics, Inc. In 1998, the R. Alan Ezekowitz Professorship in Pediatrics at the Harvard Medical School was established. Dr. Ezekowitz received his medical training at the University of Cape Town in South Africa and received a Doctor of Philosophy degree from Oxford University. Dr. Ezekowitz will bring to the Board of Directors leadership experience in the life sciences industry.
Ma. Fatima D. Francisco will serve as one of our directors. Ms. Francisco is the CEO of Procter & Gamble’s Global Baby and Feminine Care sector, serving consumers in nearly 120 countries. Ms. Francisco joined P&G in 1989 in the Philippines and held positions of increasing responsibility in Asia, North America, Europe and globally, including serving as President, Global Feminine Care between 2015 and 2018. She was later appointed as President, Global Baby Care and Baby & Feminine Care Sector in 2018 until she became CEO for that business in 2019. Ms. Francisco is a graduate of the University of the Philippines. Ms. Francisco will bring to the Board of Directors her consumer marketing and operational international experience, especially in the specialized area of women’s health.
 
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Helene D. Gayle will serve as one of our directors. Dr. Gayle has served as the President and Chief Executive Officer of the Chicago Community Trust, an over 100-year-old civic organization currently dedicated to addressing the region’s racial and ethnic disparities, since 2017. Dr. Gayle formerly served as the Chief Executive Officer of the McKinsey Social Initiative, a nonprofit founded by McKinsey & Company, between 2015 and 2017, as well as President and Chief Executive Officer of the Cooperative for Assistance and Relief Everywhere (CARE), an international humanitarian and global development organization, between 2006 and 2015. From 2001 to 2006, she was an executive in the Global Health program at the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation. Dr. Gayle began her career in public health at the U.S. Centers for Disease Control in 1984 and held positions of increasing responsibility over her 20-year tenure there, ultimately becoming the director of the National Center for HIV, STD and TB Prevention and achieving the rank of Assistant Surgeon General and Rear Admiral in the United States Public Health Service. Dr. Gayle also serves as Chair of New America and is on the boards of the Center for Strategic and International Studies and the Brookings Institution. She is a member of the Council on Foreign Relations, the National Academy of Medicine, The American Academy of Arts and Sciences and the American Public Health Association. She currently serves as a director of Colgate Palmolive Company, The Coca-Cola Company, GoHealth, Inc. and Palo Alto Networks. Dr. Gayle is a graduate of the Barnard College and received her M.D. from the University of Pennsylvania and a master’s degree from The Johns Hopkins University. Dr. Gayle will bring to the Board of Directors her immense knowledge of the healthcare industry, government and extensive board experience and many years of leadership experience.
Rochelle B. Lazarus will serve as one of our directors. Ms. Lazarus has served as Chairman Emeritus of Ogilvy & Mather, a global advertising and marketing communication company, since 2012. Prior to that, she served as Chairman of Ogilvy & Mather between 2008 and 2012 and as its Chairman and Chief Executive Officer between 1996 and 2008. Prior to becoming its Chief Executive Officer and Chairman, she also served as the President of Ogilvy & Mather Direct North America, Ogilvy & Mather New York, and Ogilvy & Mather North America. She is currently on the board of directors of The Blackstone Group Inc., and she previously served on the board of directors of General Electric Company between 2000 and 2018 and Merck between 2004 and 2020. Ms. Lazarus is a vice chair and trustee of the New York Presbyterian Hospital, a member of the board of overseers of Columbia Business School as well as several other charitable and civic organizations. Ms. Lazarus is a graduate of the Smith College and received her M.B.A. from Columbia University. Ms. Lazarus will bring to the Board of Directors her strong background in reputation management and consumer insight.
Deborah R. Leone will serve as one of our directors. She is a retired partner of the Goldman Sachs Group Inc., a multinational investment bank and financial services company, which she joined in 1989 and where she became partner in 2008. She also served as the Chief Operating Officer for its Investment Management Division (IMD) between 2017 and 2019. Prior to that, she served as the Global Director of Internal Audit between 2011 and 2017 and as the Global Controller for IMD between 2008 and 2011. Ms. Leone currently serves as a director of Goldman Sachs Bank USA, the Goldman Sachs Philanthropy Fund and Ayco Charitable Foundation. She is a graduate of Syracuse University and received her M.B.A. from Syracuse University as well. Ms. Leone will bring to the Board of Directors strategic thinking, regulatory experience, and deep financial and operational expertise.
Martha E. McGarry will serve as one of our directors. Ms. McGarry has been a partner at Skadden, Arps, Slate, Meagher & Flom LLP, an international law firm, since 1985. Her practice focuses on mergers and acquisitions, shareholder activism and corporate governance. Ms. McGarry is a graduate of Middlebury College and received her J.D. from the Fordham University. Ms. McGarry will bring to the Board of Directors extensive experience in mergers and acquisitions and supporting growth companies in their business development efforts.
Philip Ozuah will serve as one of our directors. Since 2019, he has served as the President and Chief Executive Officer of Montefiore Medicine, the umbrella organization for the Montefiore Health System and Albert Einstein College of Medicine, having previously served as the President of Montefiore Health System between 2018 and 2019 and as the Executive Vice President and Chief Operating Officer of Montefiore Health System between 2012 and 2018. Prior to joining Montefiore, Dr. Ozuah was on the faculty of the Albert Einstein College of Medicine and was a professor in the Department of Pediatrics and the Department of Epidemiology &
 
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Population Health. He was named Chairman of the Department of Pediatrics in 2007—a role, in which he served until 2013. Dr. Ozuah received his M.D. from the University of Ibadan, Nigeria, his master’s degree from the University of Southern California, and his Ph.D. from the University of Nebraska. He completed his Pediatric Internship and Residency at Albert Einstein College of Medicine and Montefiore, and his Post-Doctoral Fellowship in Medical Education at the University of Southern California School of Medicine. Dr. Ozuah will bring to the Board of Directors his leadership experience and health system delivery expertise.
Cynthia M. Patton will serve as one of our directors. Since 2020, she has served as the General Counsel and Secretary at Verily Lifesciences, Alphabet Inc.’s research organization devoted to the study of life sciences. Previously, between 2012 and 2020, she served as the Senior Vice President and Chief Compliance Officer at Amgen Inc., a biopharmaceutical company. While at Amgen, she also served as the chair of the Amgen Foundation. Prior to Amgen, she served as the General Counsel of SCAN Health Plan, a California Health Maintenance Organization. Ms. Patton serves on the board of directors of the Martin Luther King, Jr. Community Hospital in Los Angeles, a private, nonprofit, safety-net hospital serving South Los Angeles, the Los Angeles Music Center and the Ethics Research Center of the Ethics and Compliance Initiative. She also serves on the board of trustees of Vassar College, Wildwood School in Los Angeles and the NALP Foundation for Law Career Research and Education. Ms. Patton is a graduate of Vassar College and received her J.D. from the National Law Center at George Washington University. Ms. Patton will bring to the Board of Directors her experience in life sciences and knowledge of data analytics.
Grace Puma will serve as one of our directors. In 2017, she was appointed as the Executive Vice President, Global Operations at PepsiCo, Inc., a multinational food, snack and beverage corporation. Previously, Ms. Puma served as the Senior Vice President and Chief Supply Officer at Pepsico between 2015 and 2017 and as the Senior Vice President and Global Chief Procurement Officer between 2010 and 2015. Prior to Pepsico, Ms. Puma served as the Senior Vice President and Global Chief Procurement Officer at United Airlines Holdings between 2007 and 2010. Before then, Ms. Puma was in positions of increasing responsibility at then-Kraft Foods, Inc. between 1999 and 2007 and then-Motorola, Inc. between 1995 and 1999. Ms. Puma served as a director of Williams-Sonoma, Inc. between 2017 and 2020 and as a director of Marietta Corporation between 2010 and 2015. Ms. Puma is a graduate of Illinois Benedictine University. Ms. Puma will bring to the Board of Directors her operational, global procurement and supply chain knowledge and experiences.
Shalini Sharp will serve as one of our directors. Between 2012 and 2020, Ms. Sharp served as the Chief Financial Officer and Executive Vice President of Ultragenyx Pharmaceutical Inc., a biopharmaceutical company focused on the development and commercialization of therapies for rare genetic diseases. Ms. Sharp retired from Ultragenyx in May 2021 after transitioning her duties to her successor. Prior to joining Ultragenyx, between 2006 and 2012, Ms. Sharp served as the Chief Financial Officer of Agenus Inc., a biotechnology company focused on cancer immunotherapies, where between 2003 and 2006 she served in various finance, corporate development and corporate strategy roles. Ms. Sharp currently serves as a director of Sutro Biopharma, Inc., Precision Biosciences, Inc., Neurocrine Biosciences, Inc., and Mirati Therapeutics Inc. She also serves as a director of TB Alliance, a not-for-profit organization dedicated to the discovery, development and delivery of better, faster-acting and affordable tuberculosis drugs. She previously served as a director of Panacea Acquisition Corporation between 2020 and February 2021, Array Biopharma Inc. between 2017 and 2019 and Agenus Inc. between 2012 and 2018. Ms. Sharp is a graduate of Harvard University and also received her M.B.A. from Harvard University. Ms. Sharp will bring to the Board of Directors her experience in both managing and leading firms in the biopharmaceutical industry and deep financial expertise.
Composition of the Board of Directors after the Distribution
Upon the completion of this distribution, we expect our Board of Directors to consist of at least thirteen members. Our amended and restated certificate of incorporation will provide that, until the annual shareholder meeting in 2025, our Board of Directors will be divided into three classes, with each class consisting, as nearly as may be possible, of one-third of the total number of directors. The directors designated as Class I directors will have
 
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terms expiring at the first annual meeting of shareholders following the distribution, which we expect to hold in 2022, and will be up for re-election at that meeting for a three-year term to expire at the 2025 annual meeting of shareholders; the directors designated as Class II directors will have terms expiring at the following year’s annual meeting of shareholders, which we expect to hold in 2023, and will be up for re-election at that meeting for a two-year term to expire at the 2025 annual meeting of shareholders, and the directors designated as Class III directors will have terms expiring at the following year’s annual meeting of shareholders which we expect to hold in 2024, and will be up for re-election at that meeting for a one-year term to expire at the 2025 annual meeting of shareholders. Commencing with the 2025 annual meeting of shareholders, directors will be elected annually and for a term of office to expire at the next annual meeting of shareholders, and our Board of Directors will thereafter no longer be divided into classes. Before our Board of Directors is declassified, it would take at least three years after the completion of the distribution for any individual or group to gain control of our Board of Directors.
Committees of the Board of Directors
Effective upon the completion of the distribution, our Board of Directors will have the following committees, each of which will operate under a written charter that will be posted to our website concurrently with, or immediately after, the distribution.
Audit Committee
The Audit Committee will be established in accordance with Rule 10A-3 under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”) and the NYSE listing rules. The responsibilities of our Audit Committee will be more fully described in our Audit Committee charter. We anticipate that the primary functions of the Audit Committee, among others, will include:
 
 	•	 	assisting our Board of Directors in fulfilling its oversight responsibility relating to: (i) the integrity of our financial statements and financial statement audits; (ii) our and our subsidiaries’ accounting and financial reporting processes and system of internal controls over financial reporting and disclosures; (iii) our compliance with legal and regulatory requirements; (iv) the independent public accountants’ qualifications and independence; (v) the performance of our internal audit function and our independent public accountants; (vi) our risk management processes and (vii) preparation of the report required by the SEC rules to be included in our annual proxy statement;	
 
 	•	 	being directly responsible for the appointment (subject to ratification by our shareholders), compensation, retention and oversight of the work of our independent public accountants (including the resolution of disagreements between management and the independent public accountants regarding financial reporting);	
 
 	•	 	evaluating the independent public accountants’ qualifications, performance and independence, including a review and evaluation of the lead partner and partner rotation requirements;	
 
 	•	 	monitoring our compliance program with respect to legal and regulatory requirements, our code(s) of conduct and our policies on ethical business practices and reporting on these items to the Board of Directors;	
 
 	•	 	establishing and periodically reviewing policies and procedures for the review, approval and ratification of related person transactions, as defined in applicable SEC rules, and reviewing and approving, disapproving or ratifying related party transactions in accordance with these policies and procedures, and overseeing other related party transactions governed by applicable accounting standards;	
 
 	•	 	establishing and overseeing procedures for handling (receipt, retention and treatment, on a confidential basis) of complaints of potential misconduct, including: (i) violations of law or our code(s) of conduct; (ii) complaints regarding accounting, internal accounting controls, auditing and federal securities law matters; and (iii) the confidential, anonymous submission of concerns by employees regarding accounting, internal accounting controls, auditing and federal securities law matters; and	
 
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 	•	 	periodically reviewing our enterprise risk assessment policies and processes, including meeting at least annually with our Chief Information Officer regarding our information technology and receiving periodic updates regarding our cybersecurity risk management program, and reporting to the Board of Directors on the principal risks facing us and the steps being taken to manage and mitigate these risks.	
The Audit Committee will consist of Dr. Ezekowitz and Mss. Leone, Patton and Sharp, each of whom will meet the independence requirements set forth in the listing standards of the NYSE and Rule 10A-3 under the Exchange Act. Ms. Sharp will chair the Audit Committee. Each of Dr. Ezekowitz and Mss. Leone, Patton and Sharp is financially literate, and each of Mss. Leone and Sharp satisfies the criteria to be an “audit committee financial expert” under the rules and regulations of the SEC.
Talent Committee
The responsibilities of our Talent Committee (the “Talent Committee”) will be more fully described in our Talent Committee charter, and we anticipate that they will include, among others, the following duties:
 
 	•	 	annually reviewing and approving corporate goals and objectives relevant to the compensation of the Chief Executive Officer and other executive officers, evaluating their performance against these goals and objectives, and, based on this evaluation, recommending to the independent directors of the Board the CEO’s compensation level and approving compensation of other executive officers;	
 
 	•	 	overseeing succession planning for positions held by executive officers, and reviewing succession planning and management development at least annually with the Board, including recommendations and evaluations of potential successors to fill these positions;	
 
 	•	 	regularly reviewing the form and amount of compensation of directors for service on the Board of Directors and its committees and recommending changes in compensation to the Board of Directors as appropriate;	
 
 	•	 	reviewing and recommending for inclusion executive compensation disclosures made in our annual proxy statement, including the Compensation Discussion and Analysis and the Talent Committee Report;	
 
 	•	 	reviewing our strategies and programs for leadership development (including considerations of diversity) and for maintaining a talent pipeline for executive roles;	
 
 	•	 	reviewing and discussing with management our diversity and inclusion initiatives, objectives and progress; and	
 
 	•	 	reviewing and discussing with management our organizational development activities, including key policies, practices and trends related to: (i) the recruitment, development and retention of our personnel; (ii) employee engagement and effectiveness; and (iii) workplace environment and culture.	
The Talent Committee will consist of Mss. Cox, Francisco, McGarry and Puma, each of whom will meet the independence requirements applicable to directors and compensation committee members under the listing standards of the NYSE. The members of our Talent Committee will be “non-employee directors” (within the meaning of Rule 16b-3 under the Exchange Act), unless the Board provides otherwise. Ms. Cox will chair the Talent Committee.
Environmental, Social and Governance Committee
The responsibilities of our Environmental, Social and Governance Committee (the “ESG Committee”) will be more fully described in our ESG Committee charter, and we anticipate that they will include, among others, the following duties:
 
 	•	 	engaging in succession planning for the Board of Directors;	
 
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 	•	 	identifying individuals to become qualified Board of Directors members (consistent with criteria approved by the Board of Directors);	
 
 	•	 	recommending to the Board of Directors director candidates for election at our annual meeting of shareholders;	
 
 	•	 	developing and recommending to the Board of Directors a set of corporate governance principles;	
 
 	•	 	considering and making recommendations to the Board of Directors on other matters pertaining to the effectiveness of the Board of Directors;	
 
 	•	 	performing a leadership role in shaping our corporate governance;	
 
 	•	 	periodically reviewing and recommending to the Board of Directors the skills, experience, characteristics and other criteria for identifying and evaluating directors;	
 
 	•	 	overseeing the annual evaluation of the Board of Directors, its committees and individual directors;	
 
 	•	 	advising the Board of Directors and management on our policies and practices that pertain to our responsibilities as a global corporate citizen, our special obligations as a health care company whose products and services affect health and quality of life around the world, and our commitment to the highest standards of ethics and integrity in all its dealings; and	
 
 	•	 	reviewing public policy positions, strategy regarding political engagement, and corporate responsibility initiatives with significant financial or reputational impact, as appropriate, and overseeing and making recommendations to the Board of Directors regarding environmental, social, governance and other sustainability matters relevant to our business.	
The ESG Committee will consist of Ms. Cox, Mr. Essner, Dr. Gayle, Ms. Lazarus and Dr. Ozuah, each of whom will meet the independence requirements set forth in the listing standards of the NYSE. Mr. Essner will chair the ESG Committee.
Director Independence
Our Principles of Corporate Governance will provide that a substantial majority of our Board of Directors will consist of independent directors. These standards will be available on our website concurrently with, or immediately after, the distribution date. Our Board of Directors is expected to annually determine the independence of directors based on a review and recommendation of our ESG Committee. We expect that the Board of Directors will determine that each of Mss. Cox, Francisco, Lazarus, Leone, McGarry, Patton, Puma and Sharp, Mr. Essner and Drs. Ezekowitz, Gayle and Ozuah is independent under the applicable NYSE listing standards.
Nomination of Directors
In connection with the completion of our distribution, we intend to establish an ESG Committee which will develop criteria for filling vacant Board of Director positions.
Following the completion of the distribution, the ESG Committee will make recommendations to the full Board of Directors which in turn will make the final determination whether to nominate or appoint the new director after considering the ESG Committee’s recommendation.
Compensation Committee Interlocks and Insider Participation
During our fiscal 2019, we were not a standalone, publicly traded company, and did not have a compensation committee or any other committee serving a similar function. Decisions as to the compensation of those who are expected to serve as our executive officers were made by Merck as described in the section of this information statement entitled “—Executive Compensation Discussion and Analysis.”
 
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Director Compensation
Following the Separation, we expect our Board of Directors to approve a compensation program that includes the following components for non-employee directors:
 
 	•	 	$120,000 annual cash retainer, payable quarterly in arrears;	
 
 	•	 	$250,000 annual cash retainer for Chairman of the Board, payable quarterly in arrears;	
 
 	•	 	$25,000, $20,000 and $15,000 committee chair retainers for the chair of the Audit, Talent, and Governance Committees, respectively;	
 
 	•	 	$10,000 additional annual cash retainer for service as a non-chair member of the Audit Committee;	
 
 	•	 	$200,000 annual equity retainer delivered in the form of fully vested deferred stock units (as described further below); and	
 
 	•	 	$200,000 one-time deferred stock unit grant for each non-employee director, other than Ms. Cox, who joins the Board of Directors in connection with the separation and a one-time $535,500 deferred stock unit grant for Ms. Cox, which deferred stock units will vest in full on the earlier of the one-year anniversary of the Separation or Organon’s first annual shareholders meeting after the Separation.	
Deferred Stock Units. In connection with the Separation, Organon intends to adopt a Director deferred compensation plan, which will provide for the grants of deferred stock units to directors, including the deferred stock units noted above. Under this plan, each non-employee director will receive a credit in the form of phantom shares denominated in Organon common stock to the director’s account under the plan. Directors who join the Board mid-year will be credited with a pro-rata portion of the applicable annual equity retainer amount. All distributions from the directors’ deferred account are payable in cash installments or as a lump sum no sooner than one year after service as a Director ceases.
Director Stock Ownership Guidelines. Organon expects to adopt stock ownership guidelines following the Separation, under which non-employee directors will be expected to hold, within five years of joining the Board, shares of Organon common stock with a value equal to five times the annual cash retainer of $120,000.
Communicating with the Board of Directors
Generally, it is the responsibility of our management to speak for us in communications with outside parties, but we intend to provide information about the processes by which shareholders and other interested third parties may communicate with non-management members of our Board.
Code of Conduct
Prior to or concurrently with the completion of the distribution, our Board of Directors will adopt a code of ethics and a code of conduct as such terms are used in Item 406 of Regulation S-K and NYSE listing rules.
 
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Executive Compensation
Compensation Discussion and Analysis
Introduction
Prior to the distribution, we have and will continue to operate as part of Merck. Until the distribution, our compensation decisions have been and will continue to be made by Merck’s senior management and the Compensation and Benefits Committee of Merck’s Board of Directors. We expect that our executive compensation program following the distribution will generally include similar elements to Merck’s executive compensation program; however, our Talent Committee will review all aspects of compensation and may make adjustments that it believes are appropriate in structuring our executive compensation arrangements. This Compensation Discussion and Analysis describes the historical compensation practices of Merck and outlines certain aspects of Organon & Co.’s anticipated compensation structure for its executive officers following the separation.
For purposes of this Compensation Discussion and Analysis and the disclosure that follows, we do not have any Named Executive Officers for 2020. All of our executive officers joined the Organon business after 2020 fiscal year-end and, therefore, they were not executive officers of the Organon business in 2020. None of the tabular compensation disclosure requirements of the SEC’s compensation disclosure rules are applicable in our situation. Detailed information on the compensation arrangements of our Named Executive Officers for 2021 will be provided in our first proxy statement following the spin-off.
As of the date of this filing, we have identified the following individuals who are expected to serve in executive officer positions:

1.  Kevin Ali	  	Chief Executive Officer	
2.  Matthew Walsh	  	Chief Financial Officer	
3.  Aaron Falcione	  	Chief Human Resources Officer	
4.  Susanne Fiedler	  	Chief Commercial Officer	
5.  Sandra Milligan	  	Head of Research & Development	
6.  Joseph T. Morrissey, Jr.	  	Head of Manufacturing	
7.  Vittorio Nisita	  	Head of Global Business Services	
8.  Geralyn S. Ritter	  	Head of External Affairs and ESG	
9.  Rachel Stahler	  	Chief Information Officer	
10. Deborah H. Telman	  	General Counsel	
The terms of Mr. Ali’s and Mr. Walsh’s offer letters and the general compensation arrangements for our other anticipated executive officers are summarized in the section entitled “Offer Letters with our Executive Officers.”
Organon’s Anticipated Executive Compensation Programs
Overview
As described above, our Talent Committee will review each of the elements of Merck’s compensation programs and may make adjustments that it believes are appropriate in structuring our executive compensation arrangements. At this time, we expect that Organon’s executive compensation program will provide for base salaries, annual cash incentive awards, and long-term incentive equity awards. We believe that the spin-off will enable us to offer our key employees compensation directly linked to the performance of our business, which will enhance our ability to attract, retain and motivate qualified personnel to promote the long-term success of our business, in line with the interests of our stockholders.
 
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Offer Letters with Anticipated Executive Officers
Offer Letter with Chief Executive Officer
In October of 2020, Merck entered into an offer letter with Mr. Ali appointing him as Chief Executive Officer of Organon in connection with the legal separation of Organon from Merck. The letter provides Mr. Ali with an annual base salary of $1,100,000 and an annual cash incentive target opportunity equal to 125% of his annual base salary. Mr. Ali was provided an equity award with a total target grant value of $8,000,000, $3,200,000 of which was granted in March of 2021 the form of performance share units (PSUs), which are currently subject to the achievement of operating cash flow and cumulative earnings per share performance criteria over a three-year performance period, and the remainder of which is to be granted 50% in the form of stock options and 50% in the form of time-based RSUs in May of 2021 per Merck’s typical grant practices and grant timing. Like all 2021 grants of PSUs to Organon employees, these PSUs are expected to be converted into an award of Organon time-based RSUs in connection with the Separation. Please see the section titled “Certain Relationships and Related Party Transactions” for additional detail on the adjustment of these long-term incentive equity awards in connection with the legal separation of Organon from Merck.
Offer Letter with Chief Financial Officer
In March of 2020, Merck entered into an offer letter with Mr. Walsh appointing him as Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer of Organon upon the legal separation of Organon from Merck. The letter provides Mr. Walsh with an annual base salary of $800,000 and an annual cash incentive target opportunity equal to 80% of his annual base salary. Mr. Walsh is also eligible for an annual long-term incentive award with an initial target annual opportunity of $3,000,000. In August 2020, Mr. Walsh received a grant valued at approximately $2,600,000 in the form of Merck time-based RSUs that vest in equal annual installments over three years from the grant date (the “2020 Annual Grant”). The 2020 Annual Grant will convert into an Organon equity award as described in the section titled “Certain Relationships and Related Party Transactions—Agreements with Merck—Equity Compensation Awards.” In addition, Mr. Walsh received a $200,000 cash sign-on bonus, which is subject to repayment upon Mr. Walsh’s voluntary resignation or termination of employment by Merck or Organon for Cause (as defined in the offer letter) prior to March 24, 2022 (the “Repayment Provision”).
The offer letter provides that if Mr. Walsh’s employment is (i) terminated by Merck other than for Cause (as defined in the offer letter) prior to the legal separation of Organon from Merck or (ii) the legal separation of Organon from Merck is not consummated prior to January 1, 2022 and Mr. Walsh terminates his employment on or prior to January 31, 2022, Mr. Walsh will be entitled to (1) severance benefits equal to the sum of his current annual base salary and his target annual incentive bonus for the current performance year, (2) the Repayment Provision will be waived and (3) to the extent such termination of employment occurs prior to the one year anniversary of the 2020 Annual Grant, an additional amount equal to the sum of the value of the 2020 Annual Grant multiplied by a fraction, the numerator of which is the number of months Mr. Walsh was employed since the grant date and a denominator of which is 36.
Other Executive Officer Arrangements
The compensation arrangements for our other anticipated executive officers generally provide for the following primary elements of compensation: (i) annual base salary, (ii) an annual cash incentive opportunity, (iii) eligibility for annual long-term incentive awards, and (iv) severance entitlements. Each offer letter provides for general participation in retirement and benefits plans commensurate with those provided to other executives of the Organon business.
Executive Severance Programs
In connection with the Separation, Organon intends to adopt an Executive Severance Program (the “Severance Plan”). The Severance Plan would provide payments and benefits to certain eligible members of Organon’s
 
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management team, including each of the executive officers in the event of a termination of employment without cause (as defined in the Severance Plan). Payments and benefits under the Severance Plan would be conditioned upon execution of a release of claims, which may contain restrictive covenants, and would include (i) a lump sum cash payment in an amount equal to 1.0 times (or 2.0 times in the case of the Chief Executive Officer) the sum of the executive officer’s annual base salary and target annual cash incentive opportunity; (ii) if such termination occurs between June 30 and December 31 of a year, a pro-rata annual cash incentive payment based on the executive officer’s target incentive opportunity for the year of termination, and (iii) subsidized medical and dental coverage for up to 24 months. The Severance Plan would not provide for any payments or benefits upon a termination for cause or any resignation of an eligible employee’s employment. Furthermore, severance payments and benefits will be subject to forfeiture in the event and employee breaches any obligations of his or her terms and conditions of employment or makes any false or misleading statements about Organon or any of its affiliates or their products, officers or employees to competitors, customers, potential customers or to current employees or former employees.
In addition to the Severance Plan, Organon also intends to adopt an Executive Change in Control Severance Program (the “CIC Severance Plan”). The CIC Severance Plan will provide “double trigger” severance payments and benefits to eligible employees, including the executive officers, in the event of a termination of employment without cause or a resignation for good reason (each as defined in the CIC Severance Plan) during the six-month period prior to or the two-year period following a change in control (as defined in CIC Severance Plan). Payments and benefits under the CIC Severance Plan would be conditioned upon execution of a release of claims and would include (i) a lump sum cash payment in an amount equal to 2.0 times the sum of the executive officer’s annual base salary and target annual cash incentive opportunity; (ii) a pro-rata annual cash incentive payment based on the executive officer’s target incentive opportunity for the year of termination, and (iii) a lump sum cash payment intended to offset the costs of continued medical and dental coverage for up to 24 months.
The Severance Plan and the CIC Severance Plan will also provide minimum guaranteed cash benefits should a participant be entitled to greater cash separation pay benefits under Merck’s existing severance plans.
Other Employee Benefits
In connection with the Separation, Organon will adopt core employee benefits plans, generally consisting of retirement, separation pay, paid time off, medical (excluding retiree medical), dental, vision, life, short-term and long-term disability plans or coverage, as of or prior to the distribution date and Organon employees generally will be eligible to participate in such benefit plans as of the distribution date. In general, Organon core benefit plans will contain terms substantially comparable in the aggregate to those of the corresponding Merck plans, although Organon is not currently expected to implement any U.S.-defined benefit pension, deferred compensation, or retiree welfare benefit plans.
2021 Incentive Stock Plan
Prior to the Separation, we expect our Board of Directors to adopt, and Merck, as our sole shareholder to approve, the Organon & Co. 2021 Incentive Stock Plan (the “Equity Plan”) for the benefit of certain of our current and future employees. The following summary describes the material terms of the Equity Plan. The form of the Equity Plan is filed as an exhibit to the registration statement on Form 10 of which this information statement forms a part, and the following discussion is qualified in its entirety by reference to such text.
Purpose. The purpose of the Equity Plan will be to encourage employees of Organon, its subsidiaries, its affiliates and its joint ventures to acquire common stock in Organon, and to allow such individuals to have a greater personal financial interest in Organon through the ownership of, or the right to acquire, our common stock and to earn cash incentives based on the achievement of performance goals, which in turn will stimulate such individuals’ efforts on the company’s behalf and maintain and strengthen their desire to remain with the company. The Equity Plan is also expected to assist in the recruitment and retention of service providers.
Shares Available for Awards. It is expected that the maximum aggregate number of shares of our common stock that may be issued under the Equity Plan will not exceed             . In addition, it is expected that the
 
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Equity Plan will contain a limit on the number of shares of common stock available for grant in the form of incentive stock options of                 .
Under the Equity Plan, it is expected that Organon will have the flexibility to grant different types of equity compensation awards, including stock options, stock appreciation rights, restricted stock, performance awards, share awards, phantom stock awards (including restricted stock units), and cash-based awards. The grant, vesting, exercise and settlement of awards granted under the Equity Plan may be subject to the satisfaction of time- or performance-based conditions, as determined at or after the date of grant of an award under the Equity Plan.
In the event of any change in corporate structure that affects our outstanding common stock (e.g., a reorganization, recapitalization, reclassification, stock split or reverse stock split, stock dividend, extraordinary cash dividend, combination or exchange of shares, repurchase of shares, merger, consolidation, rights offering, spin off, split off, split up, change in corporate structure, or other similar event), our Talent Committee will make equitable adjustments including adjustments to the share limits described above, the number and type of shares subject to outstanding awards, and the purchase or exercise price of outstanding awards.
Shares that are subject to awards that are settled in cash, terminate, expire, or are canceled or forfeited, or are tendered or withheld to satisfy the payment of any exercise price or tax withholding obligations would be available again for grant under the Equity Plan and would not be counted for purposes of the limits above.
Eligibility. Employees of Organon or its subsidiaries, affiliates and joint ventures would be eligible to receive awards under the Equity Plan.
Administration. Our Talent Committee or any designated subcommittee thereof would have the authority to administer the Equity Plan, including the authority to select the persons who receive awards, determine the number of shares subject to the awards and establish the terms and conditions of the awards, consistent with the terms of the Equity Plan. Our Talent Committee may specify the circumstances under which the exercisability or vesting of awards may be accelerated or whether awards or amounts payable under awards may be deferred. Our Talent Committee may waive or amend the terms of an award, consistent with the terms of the Equity Plan, but unless approved by our stockholders, may not adjust or reduce the exercise price of any outstanding stock appreciation rights or stock options in the event of a decline in our stock price, either by reducing the exercise price of outstanding awards or through cancellation of outstanding awards in connection with regranting of awards at a lower price to the same individual, nor may stock appreciation rights or stock options be cancelled in exchange for a cash payment to account for a decline in stock price. Our Talent Committee will have the authority to construe and interpret the Equity Plan and establish rules for the administration of the Equity Plan and any agreement or instrument relating to the Equity Plan. Our Talent Committee may delegate its powers and duties under the Equity Plan to one or more officers of the Company or one of its subsidiaries, except that only our Talent Committee would have authority to grant and administer awards to executive officers.
Duration; Amendment; Termination. Unless earlier discontinued by action of our Board of Directors, the Equity Plan will terminate on the tenth anniversary of the date of its approval by our Board, and no further awards may be granted under the Equity Plan after the end of the term; however, awards previously granted thereunder may extend beyond such date. Our Board of Directors may discontinue the Equity Plan at any time and may from time to time amend or revise the terms of the Equity Plan as permitted by applicable statutes, except that it may not, without the consent of the participants affected, revoke or alter outstanding awards in a manner that is materially unfavorable to the award holders, nor may the board of directors amend the Equity Plan without stockholder approval where the absence of such approval would cause the Equity Plan to fail to comply with applicable law or listing standards to which we are subject.
Transfer Restrictions. The rights of a participant to any award granted under the Equity Plan will be exercisable during the participant’s lifetime only by the participant and generally will not be transferable other than by will or the laws of descent and distribution. The Talent Committee may, however, permit other transferability, subject to any conditions and limitations that it imposes.
 
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Clawback; Recoupment. Awards under the Equity Plan will be subject to the terms of any clawback policy maintained by Organon or as required by law and any reduction, cancellation, forfeiture, clawback or recoupment provisions specified by the Talent Committee in an applicable grant agreement.
Tax Consequences of Awards. The following is a brief summary of the principal United States federal income tax consequences of awards and transactions under the Equity Plan for the employees selected to participate in the Equity Plan (the “Participants”) and Organon. This summary is not intended to be exhaustive and, among other things, does not describe local, state or foreign tax consequences.
Options and Stock Appreciation Rights. A Participant will not recognize any income at the time a stock option or stock appreciation right is granted, nor will Organon be entitled to a deduction at that time. When a non-qualified stock option is exercised, the Participant will recognize ordinary income in an amount equal to the excess of the fair market value of the shares received as of the date of exercise over the exercise price of the option. When a stock appreciation right is exercised, the Participant will recognize ordinary income in an amount equal to the cash received or, if the stock appreciation right is settled in shares, the shares received as of the date of exercise. Organon generally will be entitled to a corresponding tax deduction in the same time period and amount as the Participant recognizes income. When an incentive stock option is exercised, the Participant will not recognize any income and Organon will not be entitled to any tax deduction; provided, however, that the amount equal to the excess of the fair market value of the shares received as of the date of exercise over the exercise price will be subject to taxation under the alternative minimum tax provisions of the Code. When an incentive stock option is sold, the Participant will recognize ordinary income in an amount equal to the excess of the sales price over the price of the option on the date of grant and Organon will entitled to a corresponding tax deduction.
Restricted Stock and RSUs. A Participant will not recognize any income at the time of grant of a restricted stock unit or share of restricted stock (whether subject to time-based vesting or performance-based vesting), and Organon will not be entitled to a deduction at that time. The Participant will recognize ordinary income in an amount equal to the fair market value of the shares received or, if the restricted stock unit is paid in cash, the amount payable, upon settlement of a restricted stock unit. In the year in which shares of restricted stock are no longer subject to a substantial risk of forfeiture (i.e., in the year that the shares vest), the Participant will recognize ordinary income in an amount equal to the excess of the fair market value of the shares on the date of vesting over the amount, if any, the Participant paid for the shares. Under certain circumstances and if permitted by an individual award, a Participant may elect (within 30 days after being granted restricted stock) under Code Section 83(b) to recognize ordinary income in the year of receipt instead of the year of vesting of such restricted stock. If such an election is made, the amount of income recognized by the Participant will be equal to the excess of the fair market value of the shares on the date of receipt over the amount, if any, the Participant paid for the shares. Organon generally will be entitled to a corresponding tax deduction in the same time period and amount as the Participant recognizes income.
Other Types of Awards. If other awards are granted under the Equity Plan, the tax consequences may differ from those described above for stock options, stock appreciation rights, restricted stock and RSUs. As a general matter, Organon typically would be entitled to a tax deduction in respect of any such compensatory awards in the same time period and amount as the Participant recognizes income in respect of such awards, provided, however, that any compensation in excess of $1,000,000 earned by Organon’s listed officers who are subject to Section 162(m) of the Code will not be deductible.
Withholding of Taxes. Organon has the right to deduct from any payment under the Plan, regardless of the form of such payment, the amount of all applicable income, excise and employment taxes required or permitted by law to be withheld with respect to such payment or may require Participants to pay to the company such tax prior to and as a condition of the making of such payment.
 
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Certain Relationships and Related Party Transactions
Agreements with Merck
The Separation and Distribution Agreement
The separation and distribution agreement will set forth the agreements between Merck and Organon regarding the principal transactions required to effect the separation of the Organon business from Merck and contain other agreements governing Organon’s relationship with Merck. For purposes of this agreement, the Organon business means developing, manufacturing, commercializing, distributing and selling the products within women’s health, biosimilars and established brands to be transferred by Merck to Organon as described herein, and manufacturing activities and all ancillary and related operations occurring at Organon’s six manufacturing facilities.
The separation and distribution agreement will identify assets to be transferred, liabilities to be assumed and contracts to be assigned to each of Organon and Merck as part of the separation, and it will provide for when and how these transfers, assumptions and assignments will occur. In particular, the separation and distribution agreement will provide, among other things, that, subject to the terms and conditions contained therein:
 
 	•	 	certain assets that relate to the Organon business, and any other assets specified in the separation and distribution agreement, which are collectively referred to as the Organon assets, will be transferred to Organon or one of Organon’s subsidiaries;	
 
 	•	 	certain liabilities that relate to, arise out of or result from the Organon business or an Organon asset, and any other liabilities specified in the separation and distribution agreement, which are collectively referred to as the Organon liabilities, will be transferred to Organon or one of Organon’s subsidiaries; and	
 
 	•	 	all of Merck’s assets and liabilities other than the Organon assets and Organon liabilities, as well as certain obligations for certain existing legal proceedings, will be retained by or transferred to Merck or one of its subsidiaries (such assets and liabilities are referred to as the Merck assets and Merck liabilities, respectively).	
Except as expressly set forth in the separation and distribution agreement or any ancillary agreement, neither Organon nor Merck will make any representation or warranty as to the assets, business or liabilities transferred, licensed or assumed as part of the separation, as to any approvals or notifications required in connection with the transfers, as to the absence or presence of any defenses to or right of setoff against or freedom from counterclaim with respect to any claim or other asset of either Organon or Merck, or as to the legal sufficiency of any conveyance and assumption instruments or other ancillary agreements to convey title to any asset or thing of value to be transferred in connection with the separation. Except as set forth in the separation and distribution agreement or any ancillary agreement, all assets will be transferred or licensed on an “as is,” “where is” basis and the respective transferees or licensees will bear the economic and legal risks that any conveyance will prove to be insufficient to vest in the transferee good and marketable title, free and clear of all security interests, and that any necessary consents are not obtained or that any requirements of laws, agreements, security interests or judgments are not complied with.
Subject to certain specified matters, each of Merck and Organon generally will assume liability for all pending, threatened and unasserted legal matters related to its own business or its assumed or retained liabilities and will indemnify the other party for any liability to the extent arising out of or resulting from such assumed or retained legal matters. In addition, the separation and distribution agreement will provide for cross-indemnities principally designed to place financial responsibility for the obligations and liabilities of the Organon business with Organon and financial responsibility for the obligations and liabilities of Merck’s remaining business with Merck. Specifically, each of Organon and Merck will indemnify, defend and hold harmless the other party, its
 
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subsidiaries and their respective directors, officers, employees and agents against any liabilities relating to, arising out of or resulting from, directly or indirectly:
 
 	•	 	the liabilities that each such party assumed or retained pursuant to the separation and distribution agreement (which, in the case of Organon, would include the Organon liabilities and, in the case of Merck, would include the Merck liabilities);	
 
 	•	 	in the case of Organon, the conduct of any business, operation or activity by it or any of its subsidiaries following the distribution;	
 
 	•	 	in the case of Merck, the conduct of any business, operation or activity by it or any of its subsidiaries following the distribution, other than as conducted on behalf of Organon or any of its subsidiaries;	
 
 	•	 	any breach by such party of the separation and distribution agreement or any ancillary agreements (subject to the limitations, if any, expressly set forth in such agreements);	
 
 	•	 	in the case of Organon, any untrue statement or alleged untrue statement of a material fact or omission or alleged omission to state a material fact required to be stated therein or necessary to make the statements therein not misleading, with respect to all information contained in this information statement or the registration statement on Form 10 to which this information statement forms a part, except to the extent expressly supplied by Merck; and	
 
 	•	 	in the case of Merck, any untrue statement or alleged untrue statement of a material fact expressly supplied by Merck for use in this information statement or the registration statement on Form 10 to which this information statement forms a part.	
The separation and distribution agreement also will specify procedures with respect to claims subject to indemnification and related matters.
Each of the parties will agree to use commercially reasonable efforts to take or to cause to be taken all actions, and to do, or to cause to be done, all things necessary or advisable under applicable law or contractual obligations to consummate the transactions contemplated by the separation and distribution agreement and the ancillary agreements.
The separation and distribution agreement will also govern the rights and obligations of Merck and Organon regarding the distribution. The separation and distribution agreement will provide that Merck’s obligation to complete the distribution is subject to several conditions that must be satisfied (or waived by Merck in its sole discretion), which are described in “The Separation and Distribution—Conditions to the Distribution.” Under the separation and distribution agreement, following the distribution, Organon and Merck will be obligated to provide each other access to information in certain circumstances. The separation and distribution agreement also will impose obligations with respect to retention of information and confidentiality.
The separation and distribution agreement will provide for the allocation among the parties of rights and obligations under existing insurance policies with respect to occurrences prior to completion of the distribution. In addition, the separation and distribution agreement will allocate between the parties the right to proceeds and the obligation to incur certain deductibles under certain insurance policies. The separation and distribution agreement will further include procedures governing the parties’ obligations and allocate liabilities with respect to ongoing litigation matters that may implicate each of Merck’s business and Organon’s business.
Transition Services Agreements
Merck and Organon will enter into a transition services agreement pursuant to which Merck and certain of its affiliates will provide Organon and certain of its affiliates, on an interim, transitional basis, various services. The services to be provided by Merck will include, among others, information technology, human resources, finance, quality, regulatory, supply chain management, promotional services, distribution services and certain
 
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other services, and will generally be provided on a cost or, where applicable, a cost-plus basis. The services generally will commence on the separation date and generally will terminate within 25 months following the separation date. Organon will have the right to request the early termination of any or all services generally with advance notice.
Similarly, Organon and Merck will enter into a reverse transition services agreement pursuant to which Organon and certain of its affiliates will provide Merck and certain of its affiliates, on an interim, transitional basis, various services. The services to be provided by Organon will include quality, regulatory, supply chain management, promotional services, distribution services and certain other services and will generally be provided on a cost or, where applicable, a cost-plus basis. The provision of services under the agreement generally will commence on the separation date and terminate within 25 months following the separation. Merck will have the right to request the early termination of any or all services generally with advance notice.
Interim Operating Agreements
Merck and Organon will enter into a series of interim operating agreements pursuant to which Merck and certain of its affiliates that held licenses, permits and other rights in connection with marketing, import and/or distribution of Organon products in various jurisdictions prior to the separation will continue to market, import and distribute such products until such time as the relevant licenses and permits are transferred to Organon or its affiliates, while permitting Organon (or Merck, as applicable) to recognize revenue relating to the sale of its products, to the extent practicable. Under such interim operating agreements and in accordance with the separation and distribution agreement, the relevant Merck entity will continue operations in the affected market on behalf of Organon, with Organon receiving all of the economic benefits and burdens of such activities.
Regulatory Agreements
In connection with the separation, Merck and Organon and/or their applicable affiliates will enter into one or more agreements addressing certain governance and other matters during the transition period in which the relevant Merck or Organon entity, as applicable, continues to hold required marketing authorizations or other regulatory obligations relating to Organon products in certain jurisdictions. These agreements will contain provisions relating to decision rights related to regulatory matters (including regulatory provision of certain commercialization activities), responsibility for post-approval activities needed to achieve or maintain relevant marketing authorizations, recall rights and product inquiries and other related issues that would not be otherwise covered by the transition services agreement.
Manufacturing and Supply Agreements
Merck and Organon and/or their applicable affiliates will enter into a number of manufacturing and supply agreements pursuant to which the relevant Merck entity will (a) manufacture and supply certain active pharmaceutical ingredients for the relevant Organon entity , (b) toll manufacture and supply certain formulated pharmaceutical products for such Organon entity, and (c) package and label certain finished pharmaceutical products for such Organon entity. The term of the manufacturing and supply agreements will generally range in initial duration from four to seven years, with the right to extend the initial term of the agreements upon mutual agreement of the parties. The manufacturing and supply obligations will generally be performed on pricing terms established on an arm’s-length basis. The manufacturing and supply agreements will be subject to early termination in certain instances such as an uncured material breach or bankruptcy-related events of the other party, but will not be subject to early unilateral voluntary termination. The parties will also enter into quality agreements with respect to the products to be supplied.
Similarly, Organon and Merck and/or their applicable affiliates will enter into a number of manufacturing and supply agreements pursuant to which the relevant Organon entity will (a) manufacture and supply certain formulated pharmaceutical products for the relevant Merck entity, and (b) package and label certain finished
 
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pharmaceutical products for such Merck entity. The term of the manufacturing and supply agreements will range in initial duration from four to seven years, with the right to extend the initial term of the agreements upon mutual agreement of the parties. The manufacturing and supply obligations will generally be performed on pricing terms established on an arms-length basis. The manufacturing and supply agreements will be subject to early termination in certain instances, such as an uncured material breach or bankruptcy-related events of the other party, but will not be subject to early unilateral voluntary termination. The parties also will enter into quality agreements with respect to the products to be supplied. In addition, Merck and Organon may enter into additional agreements for the supply of clinical or other materials and packaging, with terms generally consistent with the description above.
Liability that could be incurred by either party is capped for each manufacturing and supply agreement on an annual basis at the lesser of (i) four times the amount of total fees the supplying party is contractually forecasted to receive during the calendar year in which the events causing such liability arose; (ii) $50 million under the particular manufacturing and supply agreement; or (iii) $100 million in the aggregate across all manufacturing and supply agreements executed by the parties (and/or their affiliates) in connection with the separation. The $100 million cap is eliminated with respect to a particular manufacturing and supply agreement if a third party becomes a party to that manufacturing and supply agreement.
Trademark License Agreements
Pursuant to individual country asset transfer or demerger agreements, Merck or its applicable affiliate will assign to Organon or its applicable affiliate those trademarks that are exclusively associated with the products that will be owned by Organon. In addition, Merck and Organon and/or their applicable affiliates will enter into trademark license agreements pursuant to which the relevant Merck entity will grant to Organon or its applicable affiliate a royalty-free, exclusive as to field of use, worldwide license under certain product-related trademarks. Such worldwide licenses would allow for Organon to continue to use the related trademarks following the separation to commercialize the applicable Organon products, including, among other things, for use on packaging and labeling as well as for certain promotional materials. This license will be granted on a perpetual basis, but will be subject to certain termination rights such as an uncured material breach or bankruptcy-related events of the other party.
Merck and Organon and/or their applicable affiliates will also enter into licenses to allow Organon to use Merck’s corporate name trademarks on a transitional basis. Under these licenses, the relevant Merck entity will grant to Organon or its applicable affiliate a non-exclusive, royalty-free, worldwide license under certain corporate name trademarks in order for Organon to continue to use these corporate name trademarks, as were being used prior to the separation with the Organon products, for a period of time while Organon rebrands or phases out its use of these corporate name trademarks with these Organon products, including, among other things, for use on packaging and labeling, promotional materials and embossing of Organon’s products. These licenses will be time-limited, and Organon will generally be required to use efforts to transition away from use of these corporate name trademarks. This license would be subject to certain termination rights, such as an uncured material breach or a bankruptcy-related event of the other party.
Merck and Organon and/or their applicable affiliates will also enter into licenses to allow Merck to use Organon’s corporate name trademarks on a transitional basis. Under these licenses, the relevant Organon entity will grant to Merck or its applicable affiliate a non-exclusive, royalty-free, worldwide license under certain corporate name trademarks in order for Merck to continue to use these corporate name trademarks, as were being used prior to the separation with the Merck products, for a period of time while Merck rebrands or phases out its use of these corporate name trademarks with these Merck products, including, among other things, for use on packaging and labeling and promotional materials of Merck’s products. These licenses will be time-limited, and Merck will generally be required to use efforts to transition away from use of these corporate name trademarks. This license would be subject to certain termination rights, such as an uncured material breach or a bankruptcy-related event of the other party.
 
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Intellectual Property License Agreements
Merck and Organon and/or their applicable affiliates will enter into a number of intellectual property license agreements pursuant to which the relevant Merck entity will grant to Organon or its applicable affiliate an exclusive as to the specific field of use, license in the applicable territories under certain patents (or, in some cases, certain patents and know-how) for certain development programs or that were otherwise being used with the Organon products prior to the separation in order for Organon or its applicable affiliate to continue to use these patents and know-how following the separation for the applicable development programs or Organon products. These licenses will be royalty-free for products in the Organon portfolio. These licenses would be granted on a perpetual basis or until the expiration of the relevant patent, but would be subject to certain termination rights such as an uncured material breach or bankruptcy-related events of the other party.
In addition, Merck and Organon and/or their applicable affiliates will enter into a number of intellectual property license agreements pursuant to which the relevant Merck entity will grant to Organon or its applicable affiliate licenses with regard to certain development programs that are outside of the Organon product portfolio. These licenses are either (i) royalty-bearing and exclusive as to the specific field of use in the applicable territories under certain know-how or (ii) royalty-free and non-exclusive as to the specific field of use in the applicable territories under certain know-how, in each case in order for Organon or its applicable affiliate to continue to use this know-how following the separation for the applicable development programs. These licenses would be granted on a perpetual basis or until the expiration of the relevant patent, but would be subject to certain termination rights such as an uncured material breach or bankruptcy-related events of the other party.
Merck and Organon and/or their applicable affiliates will enter into a know-how license agreement pursuant to which the relevant Merck entity will grant Organon or its applicable affiliate a royalty-free, non-exclusive and worldwide license under certain know-how that will not transfer in connection with the separation in order for Organon to continue to use this know-how following the separation for certain uses being used by Organon as of the separation date. This license would be granted on a perpetual basis.
Similarly, Organon and Merck and/or their applicable affiliates will enter into a know-how license agreement pursuant to which the relevant Organon entity will grant Merck a royalty-free and worldwide license under certain know-how that will transfer from Merck to Organon in connection with the separation in order for Merck to continue to use this know-how following the separation. This license will be granted on a perpetual basis and will be non-exclusive for human health uses, and exclusive for animal health uses.
Tax Matters Agreement
In connection with the separation, Merck and Organon will enter into a tax matters agreement that will govern the parties’ respective rights, responsibilities and obligations with respect to taxes (including responsibility for taxes, entitlement to refunds, allocation of tax attributes, preparation and filing of tax returns, control of tax contests, and other tax matters). The tax matters agreement also will provide for cooperation between Merck and Organon with respect to tax matters, the exchange of information and the retention of records that may affect the tax liabilities of the parties to the agreement.
The tax matters agreement will allocate responsibility for all U.S. federal income, state and foreign income, franchise, capital gain, withholding and similar taxes, as well as all non-income taxes. While general terms will apply to allocate responsibility for income taxes and non-income taxes between Merck and Organon, certain income and non-income taxes (or categories of income and non-income taxes) will be specifically addressed in the tax matters agreement. In particular, Merck generally will be responsible for any income taxes reportable on an originally filed consolidated, combined or unitary return that includes Merck or any of its subsidiaries (and Organon and/or any of our subsidiaries) for any periods or portions thereof ending on or prior to the distribution date. Organon generally will be responsible for any income taxes that are reportable on originally filed returns that include only Organon and/or any of its subsidiaries, for all tax periods. Additionally, as a general matter,
 
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Merck will be responsible for certain income and non-income taxes imposed as the direct result of the separation or of an internal separation transaction. Organon will be responsible for certain taxes that exclusively relate to Organon’s business and for taxes resulting from any breach of certain representations or covenants that Organon will make in the tax matters agreement.
Neither party’s obligations under the agreement will be limited in amount or subject to any cap. Merck will be primarily responsible for preparing and filing any tax return with respect to the Merck affiliated group for U.S. federal income tax purposes and with respect to any consolidated, combined, unitary or similar group for U.S. state or local or foreign tax purposes that includes Merck or any of its subsidiaries (including those that also include Organon and/or any of its subsidiaries), as well as any tax return that includes only Merck and/or any of its subsidiaries (including such tax returns that reflect taxes attributable to Organon’s business). Organon generally will be responsible for preparing and filing any tax returns that include only Organon and/or any of its subsidiaries. The party responsible for preparing a given tax return generally will have exclusive authority to control tax contests related to any such tax return. Organon generally will have exclusive authority to control tax contests with respect to tax returns that include only Organon and/or any of its subsidiaries.
The tax matters agreement will impose certain restrictions on Organon and its subsidiaries during the two-year period following the distribution that will be intended to prevent the distribution and certain related transactions from failing to qualify as tax-free for U.S. federal income tax purposes under Sections 355 and 368 of the Code or for other applicable non-U.S. income tax purposes. Specifically, during such period, Organon and its subsidiaries will be prohibited, except in specific circumstances, from, among other things, (1) ceasing to actively conduct certain businesses or causing our applicable affiliates to cease to actively conduct certain of their businesses; (2) entering into certain transactions or series of transactions pursuant to which all or a portion of the shares of Organon common stock would be acquired or all or a portion of certain assets of Organon and its subsidiaries would be acquired; (3) liquidating, partially liquidating, merging or consolidating with any other person; (4) issuing equity securities beyond certain thresholds; (5) repurchasing Organon stock other than in certain open-market transactions; (6) making certain amendments to Organon’s certificate of incorporation and other organizational documents; and (7) taking or failing to take any other action that would cause the distribution or certain related transactions to fail to qualify as tax-free for U.S. federal income tax purposes under Sections 355 and 368 of the Code or for other applicable non-U.S. income tax purposes.
The tax matters agreement will provide special rules that allocate tax-related losses in the event that the separation, distribution or other related transactions that are intended to qualify as tax-free fail to so qualify. Under the tax matters agreement, each of Merck and Organon generally will be responsible for any tax-related losses imposed on Merck or Organon as a result of the failure of a transaction to qualify for tax-free treatment, to the extent that the failure to so qualify is attributable to actions, events or transactions relating to Merck’s or Organon’s respective stock, assets or business, or a breach of the relevant covenants made by Merck or Organon in the tax matters agreement. If such tax-related losses are not specifically allocable to Merck or Organon, each party will be responsible for a specified portion of such tax-related loss.
Employee Matters Agreement
Merck will also enter into an employee matters agreement with Organon. The employee matters agreement will allocate assets, liabilities and responsibilities relating to employee compensation and benefit plans and programs and other related matters in connection with the separation both in and outside of the United States.
The employee matters agreement will provide that, unless otherwise specified, Organon will be responsible for liabilities associated with employees who transfer to Organon, former employees whose last employment was with a manufacturing plant or entity located outside of the United States that wholly transfers to Organon, and individual independent contractors associated with Organon. Merck will be responsible for liabilities associated with employees retained by Merck, all other former employees, and all individual independent contractors associated with the Merck group or business.
 
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Organon will adopt core employee benefits plans, generally consisting of retirement, separation pay, paid time off, medical (excluding retiree medical), dental, vision, life, short-term and long-term disability plans or coverage, as of or prior to the distribution date and Organon employees generally will be eligible to participate in such benefit plans as of the distribution date. In general, Organon core benefit plans will contain terms substantially comparable in the aggregate to those of the corresponding Merck plans; provided that Organon will not be required to implement any U.S.-defined benefit pension, deferred compensation, or retiree welfare benefit plans.
Merck will retain liability for U.S.-defined benefit pension, supplemental executive retirement, deferred compensation and retiree medical benefits for employees continuing with Merck, employees transferring to Organon and for former employees. The liability to employees transferred to Organon generally will be as to accrued benefits, but Merck will also provide service crediting to Organon employees transferred in connection with the Separation under these retained U.S.-defined benefit pension, supplemental executive retirement, and retiree medical plans for purposes of early retirement eligibility and subsidies, as well as for certain service crediting bridges for transferred Organon employees who would have otherwise met the eligibility requirements for such service crediting bridges on or prior to December 31, 2022. Although Merck will be responsible for providing these benefits, Organon will assume that portion of the aggregate incremental cost of providing early retirement subsidies, service crediting bridges, and retiree healthcare benefits under these programs that is attributable to future service, with such aggregate incremental cost as determined based on reasonable estimates in the discretion of the actuaries designated by Merck to calculate such amounts.
In general, Organon will provide, through December 31, 2022, each employee transferring to Organon in connection with the Separation with at least (i) the same rate of base salary, (ii) the same cash incentive and long-term incentive compensation opportunities, (iii) other core employee benefits that are substantially comparable in the aggregate to those provided prior to the earlier of the distribution date or the date as of which the comparable Organon core employee benefit plan is established or adopted, and (iv) the same separation pay and comparable post-termination medical, dental & life benefits continuation (excluding retiree medical and life insurance).
Equity Compensation Awards
The employee matters agreement will provide for the adjustment or conversion of all outstanding Merck equity awards as follows:
 
 	•	 	Options and RSU Awards. As of the distribution date, all Merck stock options and time-based restricted stock unit (RSU) awards (whether then-vested or unvested) will be converted into (1) adjusted Merck awards for Merck employees, employees transferring to Organon at any time following the distribution date (each, a “Post-Distribution Organon Employee”) and any former employees or (2) Organon awards for Organon employees (other than Post-Distribution Organon Employees). Such adjusted awards will preserve the same intrinsic value and general terms and conditions (including vesting) as were in place immediately prior to the adjustments.	
 
 	•	 	Performance Share Units	
 
 	•	 	For any Merck performance share unit (PSU) awards held by Merck employees, Post-Distribution Organon Employees and any former employees, the performance goals will be equitably adjusted to reflect the spin-off and the number of units subject to such awards will be determined on the same basis described above with respect to RSU awards. Such Merck PSU awards will otherwise settle in the ordinary course.	
 
 	•	 	For any 2019 PSU awards with a 2019-2021 performance period held by Organon Employees (other than Post-Distribution Organon Employees), performance will be assessed based on a truncated performance period that ends on December 31, 2020 and attained performance through such date will be applied to 100% of the award. As of the distribution date, such earned award will	
 
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 	then be converted into a time-based Organon RSU award (on the same basis described above with respect to converted Organon RSU Awards) that otherwise vests in accordance with the previously applicable time-based vesting schedule.	
 
 	•	 	For any 2020 and 2021 PSU awards with a 2020-2022 or 2021-2023 performance period held by Organon employees (other than Post-Distribution Organon Employees), performance will be deemed to have been met at the target level. As of the distribution date, such award will then be converted into a time-based Organon RSU award (on the same basis described above with respect to converted Organon RSU Awards) that otherwise vests in accordance with the previously applicable time-based vesting schedule.	
 
 	•	 	Adjusted Merck Phantom Shares & Deferred Stock Units. Each Merck phantom share outstanding under the Merck Deferred Compensation Plan and each Merck deferred stock unit granted under the Merck Directors Plan as of immediately prior to the distribution date will be converted at the time of the distribution on the distribution date into an adjusted Merck phantom share or deferred stock unit, as applicable, with the number of units represented by such award adjusted to preserve the aggregate value of the original Merck phantom shares as measured immediately before and immediately after the distribution.	
Annual Bonus
Organon will assume all obligations for post-distribution incentive compensation payments to transferring Organon employees, including for all 2021 annual bonuses.
Other Related Person Transactions
In January 2020, Merck entered into a consulting agreement with Carrie Cox, who will serve as Chairman of our Board of Directors upon the completion of the distribution. Under the consulting agreement, Ms. Cox is entitled to a monthly fee of $9,500 in exchange for her performance of certain consulting services to Merck relating to her anticipated Chairmanship at Organon and reimbursement of reasonable out-of-pocket expenses. In addition, as a former employee of Merck, Ms. Cox received a non-qualified deferred compensation plan distributions from Merck (that is not conditioned on future services) of $1,560,423 in 2019. No distributions were made in 2020 or are expected to be made in 2021. In addition, Ms. Cox currently holds retirement benefits in Merck’s tax qualified 401(k) and pension plans, which are expected to be distributed commencing when she reaches age 65.
Procedures for Approval of Related Person Transactions
Effective upon the completion of this distribution, our Board of Directors will adopt a written policy regarding the review, approval, ratification or disapproval by the Audit Committee of transactions between us or any of our subsidiaries and any related person (to be defined in the policy to include our executive officers, directors or director nominees, any shareholder beneficially owning in excess of 5% of our stock or securities exchangeable for our stock and any immediate family member of any of the foregoing persons) in which the amount involved since the beginning of our last completed fiscal year will or may be expected to exceed $120,000 and in which one or more of such related persons has a direct or indirect material interest. In approving or rejecting any such transaction, we expect that the Audit Committee will consider the relevant facts and circumstances available and deemed relevant to the committee. Any member of the Audit Committee who is a related person with respect to a transaction under review will not be permitted to participate in the deliberations or vote on approval, ratification or disapproval of the transaction.
 
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Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management
Before the distribution, all of the outstanding shares of our common stock will be owned beneficially and of record by Merck. The following table sets forth information with respect to the expected beneficial ownership of our common stock upon the distribution by (1) each person who Organon believes will be a beneficial owner of 5% or more of Organon’s outstanding common stock, (2) each expected director and named executive officer and (3) all of Organon’s expected directors and named executive officers as a group. Organon based the share amounts on each person’s beneficial ownership of Merck’s common stock and stock options or other equity awards as of                 , 2021 unless Merck indicates some other basis for the share amounts, and assume a distribution ratio of                 shares of Organon’s common stock for every share of Merck’s common stock. The address of each director and executive officer shown in the table below is c/o Organon, 30 Hudson Street, 33rd Floor, Jersey City, New Jersey 07302.

	Name and Address of Beneficial Owner	  	Amount and Nature of
Beneficial Ownership of
Organon’s Common Stock	 	  	Percent of Class	 	
The Vanguard Group
100 Vanguard Blvd.
Malvern, PA 19355	  				  	 	        	% 		
				
BlackRock, Inc.
55 East 52nd Street
New York, NY 10055	  				  	 	        	% 		
 
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The Separation and Distribution
Background
On February 5, 2020, Merck announced that it intended to separate its women’s health, biosimilars and established brands businesses, and create a standalone pharmaceutical company. Merck announced that it intended to effect the separation through a pro rata distribution of all of the common stock of a new entity, which has since been named Organon and was formed to hold the assets and liabilities associated of the women’s health, biosimilars and established brands businesses.
On                 , 2021, the Merck Board of Directors approved the distribution of all of Organon’s issued and outstanding shares of common stock on the basis of                of a share of Organon common stock for each share of Merck common stock held as of the close of business on                , 2021, the record date.
On                 , 2021, the distribution date, each Merck shareholder will receive                of a share of Organon’s common stock for each share of Merck common stock held at the close of business on the record date. Merck shareholders will receive cash in lieu of any fractional shares of Organon common stock which they would have received after application of this ratio. Shareholders will not be required to make any payment, or surrender or exchange their shares of Merck common stock or take any other action to receive their shares of Organon’s common stock in the distribution. The distribution of Organon’s common stock as described in this information statement is subject to the satisfaction or waiver of certain conditions. For a more detailed description of these conditions, see the section entitled “—Conditions to the Distribution.”
Reasons for the Separation
The Merck Board of Directors believes that separating the women’s health, biosimilars and established brands businesses from the remainder of Merck is in the best interests of Merck and its shareholders for a number of reasons, including that it will:
 
 	•	 	give each of Organon and Merck its own dedicated management team, focused on its unique business opportunities and capital needs, thereby allowing each business to pursue more effectively its own distinct operating priorities and strategies;	
 
 	•	 	give each of Organon and Merck its own source of capital dedicated to its own investment priorities, and allow each of Organon and Merck to implement a capital structure appropriate for its respective cash flow and growth profile;	
 
 	•	 	give each of Organon and Merck its own equity currency for use in connection with acquisitions; and	
 
 	•	 	enhance the ability of Organon and Merck to attract and retain qualified management and to better align incentive-based compensation with the performance of each of Organon and Merck’s separate businesses.	
The Merck Board of Directors considered a number of potentially negative factors in evaluating the separation, including risks relating to the creation of a new public company and possible increased overall costs, as well as one-time separation costs, but concluded that the potential benefits of the separation outweighed these factors. For more information, see the sections entitled “The Separation and Distribution—Reasons for the Separation” and “Risk Factors” included elsewhere in this information statement.
When and How You Will Receive the Distribution
With the assistance of Equiniti Trust Company, Merck expects to distribute Organon common stock on                 , 2021, the distribution date, to all holders of outstanding shares of Merck common stock as of the close of business on                 , 2021, the record date. Equiniti Trust Company, which currently serves as the transfer agent and registrar for Merck’s common stock, will serve as the settlement and distribution agent in connection with the distribution and the transfer agent and registrar for Organon common stock.
 
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For shareholders who own shares of Merck common stock as of the close of business on the record date, the shares of Organon’s common stock that such shareholder is entitled to receive in the distribution will be issued electronically, as of the distribution date, to such shareholder in direct registration form or to such shareholder’s bank or brokerage firm on the shareholder’s behalf.
For shareholders who are registered holders, Equiniti Trust Company will then mail such shareholders a direct registration account statement that reflects such shares of Organon common stock. Direct registration form refers to a method of recording share ownership when no physical share certificates are issued to shareholders, as is the case in this distribution. Commencing on or shortly after the distribution date, for shareholders holding physical share certificates that represent their shares of Merck common stock and are the registered holder of the shares represented by those certificates, the distribution agent will mail to such shareholders an account statement that indicates the number of shares of Organon’s common stock that have been registered in book-entry form in their names. Shareholders who elect to sell shares of Merck common stock in the “regular-way” market on or prior to the time of the distribution will be selling their right to receive shares of Organon common stock in the distribution.
For any shares of Merck common stock that are held in a shareholder’s Merck dividend reinvestment account as of the close of business on the record date, such shareholder will receive shares of Organon common stock in a new Organon dividend reinvestment program account that will be created for such shareholder.
Most Merck shareholders hold their common stock through a bank or brokerage firm. In such cases, the bank or brokerage firm would be said to hold the shares in “street name” and ownership would be recorded on the bank or brokerage firm’s books. For shareholders holding their shares of Merck common stock through a bank or brokerage firm, such bank or brokerage firm will credit such shareholder’s account for the Organon common stock that such shareholder is entitled to receive in the distribution. If you have any questions concerning the mechanics of having shares held in “street name,” please contact your bank or brokerage firm.
Transferability of Organon Shares Received in the Distribution
Shares of Organon common stock distributed to shareholders in connection with the distribution will be transferable without registration under the Securities Act, except for shares received by persons who may be deemed to be Organon affiliates. Persons who may be deemed to be Organon affiliates after the distribution generally include individuals or entities that control, are controlled by or are under common control with Organon, which may include certain Organon executive officers, directors or principal shareholders. Securities held by Organon affiliates will be subject to resale restrictions under the Securities Act. Organon affiliates will be permitted to sell shares of Organon common stock only pursuant to an effective registration statement or an exemption from the registration requirements of the Securities Act, such as the exemption afforded by Rule 144 under the Securities Act.
The Number of Shares of Organon Common Stock You Will Receive
For each share of Merck common stock that you own at the close of business on                 , 2021, the record date, you will receive                of a share of Organon common stock on the distribution date.
Merck will not distribute any fractional shares of Organon common stock to its shareholders. Instead, for holders of registered shares, Equiniti Trust Company will aggregate fractional shares into whole shares, sell the whole shares in the open market at prevailing market prices and distribute the aggregate cash proceeds (net of discounts and commissions) of the sales pro rata (based on the fractional share such holder would otherwise be entitled to receive) to each holder who otherwise would have been entitled to receive a fractional share in the distribution. The transfer agent, in its sole discretion, without any influence by Merck or Organon, will determine when, how, through which broker-dealer and at what price to sell the whole shares. Any broker-dealer used by the transfer agent will not be an affiliate of either Merck or Organon. Neither Organon nor Merck will be able to guarantee any minimum sale price in connection with the sale of these shares. Recipients of cash in lieu of fractional shares will not be entitled to any interest on the amounts of payment made in lieu of fractional shares.
 
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The aggregate net cash proceeds of these sales will be taxable for U.S. federal income tax purposes. See “Material U.S. Federal Income Tax Consequences” for an explanation of the material U.S. federal income tax consequences of the distribution. For a holder of physical certificates for shares of Merck common stock who is also the registered holder, such holder will receive a check from the distribution agent in an amount equal to your pro rata share of the aggregate net cash proceeds of the sales. Organon estimates that it will take approximately two weeks from the distribution date for the distribution agent to complete the distributions of the aggregate net cash proceeds. For a holder of shares of Merck common stock through a bank or brokerage firm, such holder’s bank or brokerage firm will receive, on behalf of such holder, such holder’s pro rata share of the aggregate net cash proceeds of the sales and will electronically credit such holder’s account for such holder’s share of such proceeds.
Results of the Distribution
After the distribution, Organon will be an independent, publicly traded company. The actual number of shares to be distributed will be determined at the close of business on                 , 2021, the record date for the distribution, and will reflect any exercise of Merck options between the date the Merck Board of Directors declares the distribution and the record date for the distribution. The distribution will not affect the number of outstanding shares of Merck common stock or any rights of Merck’s shareholders. Merck will not distribute any fractional shares of Organon common stock.
Organon will enter into the separation and distribution agreement with Merck and will enter into other agreements with Merck before the distribution to effect the separation and provide a framework for Organon’s relationship with Merck after the distribution. These agreements will provide for the allocation between Merck and Organon of Merck’s assets, liabilities and obligations (including investments, property, employee benefits and tax-related assets and liabilities) attributable to periods prior to Organon’s separation from Merck and will govern the relationship between Merck and Organon after the distribution. For a more detailed description of these agreements, see “Certain Relationships and Related Party Transactions.”
Market for Organon Common Stock
There is currently no public trading market for Organon’s common stock. Organon intends to apply to list its common stock on the NYSE under the symbol “OGN.” Organon has not and will not set the initial price of its common stock. The initial price will be established by the public markets.
Organon cannot predict the price at which its common stock will trade after the distribution. In fact, the combined trading prices, after the distribution, of the shares of Organon common stock that each Merck shareholder will receive in the distribution and the shares of Merck common stock held at the record date may not equal the “regular-way” trading price of a Merck share immediately prior to the distribution. The price at which Organon common stock trades may fluctuate significantly, particularly until an orderly public market develops. Trading prices for Organon common stock will be determined in the public markets and may be influenced by many factors. See “Risk Factors—Risks Related to Organon’s Common Stock.”
Trading Between the Record Date and Distribution Date
Beginning on or shortly before the record date and continuing until the time of the distribution, Merck expects that there will be two markets in shares of Merck common stock: a “regular-way” market and an “ex-dividend” market. Shares of Merck common stock that trade on the “regular-way” market will trade with an entitlement to Organon common stock distributed pursuant to the distribution. Shares of Merck common stock that trade on the “ex-dividend” market will trade without an entitlement to Organon common stock distributed pursuant to the distribution. Therefore, if a shareholder sells shares of Merck common stock in the “regular-way” market on or prior to the time of the distribution, such shareholder will be selling the right to receive Organon common stock in the distribution. If a shareholder own shares of Merck common stock at the close of business on the record date and sells those shares on the “ex-dividend” market on or prior to the time of the distribution, such
 
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shareholder will receive the shares of Organon common stock that such shareholder is entitled to receive pursuant to such shareholder’s ownership as of the record date of the shares of Merck common stock.
Furthermore, beginning on or shortly before the record date and continuing until the time of the distribution, Organon expects that there will be a “when-issued” market in its common stock. “When-issued” trading refers to a sale or purchase made conditionally because the security has been authorized but not yet issued. The “when-issued” trading market will be a market for Organon common stock that will be distributed to holders of Merck common stock on the distribution date. Shareholders who owned Merck common stock at the close of business on the record date are entitled to Organon common stock distributed pursuant to the distribution. Such a shareholder may trade this entitlement to shares of Organon common stock, without the shares of Merck common stock such shareholder owns, on the “when-issued” market. Upon completion of the distribution, “when-issued” trading with respect to Organon common stock will end, and “regular-way” trading will begin.
Conditions to the Distribution
The distribution is subject to a number of conditions, including, among others:
 
 	•	 	the receipt of opinions from Merck’s Tax Advisors to the effect that the distribution and certain related transactions will qualify as tax-free to Merck and its shareholders under Sections 355 and 368 of the Code;	
 
 	•	 	the making of a distribution of approximately $9.0 billion from Organon to Merck, and the determination by Merck in its sole discretion that following the separation Merck will have no further liability or obligation whatsoever with respect to any of the financing arrangements that Organon will be entering into in connection with the separation;	
 
 	•	 	the receipt of an opinion from an independent appraisal firm to the Merck Board of Directors confirming the solvency of Merck giving effect to the distribution of Organon and confirming the solvency of Organon giving effect to the cash dividend that is in form and substance acceptable to Merck in its sole discretion;	
 
 	•	 	the SEC declaring effective Organon’s registration statement on Form 10 of which this information statement forms a part, and the making available of the information statement to all holders of shares of Merck common stock as of the close of business on                , 2021, the record date;	
 
 	•	 	no order, injunction, or decree issued by any court of competent jurisdiction or other legal restraint or prohibition preventing the consummation of the separation, distribution or any of the related transactions shall be in effect;	
 
 	•	 	the shares of Organon common stock to be distributed shall have been accepted for listing on the NYSE, subject to official notice of distribution; and	
 
 	•	 	no other event or development existing or having occurred that, in the judgment of Merck’s Board of Directors, in its sole discretion, makes it inadvisable to effect the separation, distribution and other related transactions.	
Merck and Organon cannot assure you that any or all of these conditions will be met. In addition, Merck will have the sole and absolute discretion to determine (and change) the terms of, and whether to proceed with, the distribution and, to the extent it determines to so proceed, to determine the record date and the distribution date and the distribution ratio. Merck does not intend to notify its shareholders of any modifications to the terms of the separation that, in the judgment of its Board of Directors, are not material. For example, the Merck Board of Directors might consider material such matters as significant changes to the distribution ratio, the assets to be contributed or the liabilities to be assumed in the separation. To the extent that the Merck Board of Directors determines that any modifications by Merck materially change the material terms of the distribution, Merck will notify Merck shareholders in a manner reasonably calculated to inform them about the modification as may be required by law, by, for example, publishing a press release, filing a current report on Form 8-K, or circulating a supplement to this information statement.
 
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Material U.S. Federal Income Tax Consequences
The following is a summary of the material U.S. federal income tax consequences to Merck and to the holders of Merck common stock in connection with the spin-off (including the separation and distribution). This summary is based on the Code, the Treasury Regulations promulgated thereunder and judicial and administrative interpretations thereof, in each case as in effect and available as of the date of this information statement and all of which are subject to change at any time, possibly with retroactive effect. Any such change could affect the tax consequences described below.
This summary is limited to holders of Merck common stock that are U.S. Holders, as defined immediately below. A “U.S. Holder” is a beneficial owner of Merck common stock that is, for U.S. federal income tax purposes:
 
 	•	 	an individual who is a citizen or a resident of the United States;	
 
 	•	 	a corporation, or other entity taxable as a corporation for U.S. federal income tax purposes, created or organized under the laws of the United States, any state thereof or the District of Columbia;	
 
 	•	 	an estate, the income of which is subject to U.S. federal income taxation regardless of its source; or	
 
 	•	 	a trust, if (i) a court within the United States is able to exercise primary supervision over its administration and one or more United States persons have the authority to control all of its substantial decisions or (ii) it has a valid election in place under applicable Treasury Regulations to be treated as a United States person.	
This summary also does not discuss all tax considerations that may be relevant to shareholders in light of their particular circumstances, nor does it address the consequences to shareholders subject to special treatment under the U.S. federal income tax laws, such as:
 
 	•	 	dealers or traders in securities or currencies;	
 
 	•	 	regulated investment companies;	
 
 	•	 	real estate investment trusts;	
 
 	•	 	tax-exempt entities;	
 
 	•	 	banks, financial institutions or insurance companies;	
 
 	•	 	persons who acquired Merck common stock pursuant to the exercise of employee stock options or otherwise as compensation;	
 
 	•	 	shareholders who own, or are deemed to own, at least 10% or more, by voting power or value, of Merck equity;	
 
 	•	 	holders owning Merck common stock as part of a position in a straddle or as part of a hedging, conversion or other risk reduction transaction for U.S. federal income tax purposes;	
 
 	•	 	certain former citizens or long-term residents of the United States;	
 
 	•	 	holders who are subject to the alternative minimum tax; or	
 
 	•	 	a person that owns Merck common stock through partnerships or other pass-through entities.	
This summary does not address the U.S. federal income tax consequences to Merck’s shareholders who do not hold Merck common stock as a capital asset. Moreover, this summary does not address any state, local or non-U.S. tax consequences or any estate, gift or other non-income tax consequences.
If a partnership (or any other entity treated as a partnership for U.S. federal income tax purposes) holds Merck common stock, the tax treatment of a partner in that partnership generally will depend on the status of the partner and the activities of the partnership. Such a partner or partnership should consult its own tax advisor as to its tax consequences.
 
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YOU SHOULD CONSULT YOUR OWN TAX ADVISOR WITH RESPECT TO THE U.S. FEDERAL, STATE AND LOCAL AND NON-U.S. TAX CONSEQUENCES OF THE SPIN-OFF. THIS SUMMARY IS NOT INTENDED TO BE, NOR SHOULD IT BE CONSTRUED TO BE, LEGAL OR TAX ADVICE TO ANY PARTICULAR INVESTOR.
In connection with the spin-off, Merck expects to receive the Tax Opinions from its Tax Advisors to the effect that the distribution of 100% of the outstanding Organon shares to Merck shareholders and certain related transactions will qualify as tax-free to Merck and its shareholders under Sections 355 and 368 of the Code. The Tax Opinions will be based on, among other things, current tax law, and assumptions and representations made by Organon and Merck, which if incorrect in any material respect, could jeopardize the conclusions reached in the Tax Opinions. The Tax Opinions received by Merck will not be binding on the IRS or the courts. The Tax Opinions will rely on certain facts, assumptions, representations and undertakings from Merck and Organon regarding the past and future conduct of Merck’s and Organon’s businesses and other matters. If any of these facts, assumptions, representations or undertakings is incorrect or not otherwise satisfied, Merck may not be able to rely on the Tax Opinions. Accordingly, notwithstanding the receipt of the Tax Opinions, we cannot assure you that the IRS will not assert, or that a court would not sustain, a position contrary to one or more of the conclusions set forth therein. In that event, the consequences described immediately below would not apply and holders of Merck common stock who receive shares of Organon common stock in the spin-off could be subject to significant U.S. federal income tax liability.
Assuming the spin-off satisfies the requirements necessary for tax-free treatment under Sections 355 and 368 of the Code, the following will describe the material U.S. federal income tax consequences of the spin-off to Merck, Organon and Merck’s shareholders:
 
 	•	 	no income, gain or loss will be recognized by, or be includible in the income of, a holder of Merck common stock, solely as a result of the receipt of Organon common stock, except with respect to any cash received in lieu of a fractional share;	
 
 	•	 	subject to the discussion below regarding Section 355(e), no gain or loss will be recognized by Merck as a result of the spin-off except for taxable income or gain possibly arising as a result of certain intercompany transactions;	
 
 	•	 	the aggregate tax basis of the Merck common stock, and Organon common stock received in the spin-off, in the hands of Merck’s shareholders immediately after the spin-off, will be the same as the aggregate tax basis of the Merck common stock held by the holder immediately before the spin-off, allocated between the common stock of Merck and Organon common stock, including any fractional share interest for which cash is received, in proportion to such shares’ relative fair market values on the date of the spin-off;	
 
 	•	 	the holding period of shares of the Organon common stock received by Merck’s shareholders in the spin-off will include the holding period of their Merck common stock, provided that such Merck common stock is held as a capital asset on the date of the spin-off; and	
 
 	•	 	a Merck shareholder who receives cash in lieu of a fractional share of Organon common stock in the spin-off will be treated as having sold such fractional share for the amount of cash received and generally will recognize capital gain or loss in an amount equal to the difference between the amount of such cash received and such shareholder’s adjusted tax basis in the fractional share. That gain or loss will be long-term capital gain or loss if the shareholder’s holding period for its Merck common stock exceeds one year.	
Merck’s shareholders that have acquired different blocks of Merck common stock at different times or at different prices should consult their tax advisors regarding the allocation of their aggregate adjusted basis among, and their holding period of, Organon common stock distributed with respect to such blocks of Merck common stock.
 
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U.S. Treasury Regulations require certain shareholders that receive stock in a spin-off to attach to their respective U.S. federal income tax returns, for the year in which the spin-off occurs, a detailed statement setting forth certain information relating to the spin-off. Within a reasonable period of time after the distribution, Merck expects to make available to its shareholders information pertaining to compliance with this requirement.
If the spin-off were not to qualify as tax-free for U.S. federal income tax purposes, each Merck shareholder that receives shares of Organon common stock in the spin-off would be treated as receiving a distribution in an amount equal to the fair market value of such shares, which generally would be treated in the following manner:
 
 	•	 	first as a taxable dividend to the extent of such shareholder’s pro rata share of Merck’s current and accumulated earnings and profits;	
 
 	•	 	then as a non-taxable return of capital to the extent of such shareholder’s tax basis in its Merck common stock; and	
 
 	•	 	thereafter as capital gain with respect to any remaining value.	
Additionally, each shareholder’s basis in the Organon common stock would be equal to the fair market value of such stock on the date of the distribution and its holding period in the Organon common stock would begin on the date of the distribution. Furthermore, Merck would recognize a taxable gain on the Organon common stock to the extent the fair market value of Organon common stock exceeds Merck’s tax basis therein. Even if the spin-off otherwise qualifies for tax-free treatment under Section 355 of the Code, it may be taxable to Merck (but not Merck’s shareholders) under Section 355(e) of the Code if 50% or more, by vote or value, of the shares of Organon common stock or Merck common stock are acquired or issued as part of a plan or series of related transactions that includes the spin-off. For this purpose, any acquisitions or issuances of Merck common stock within two years before the spin-off, and any acquisitions or issuances of Organon common stock or Merck common stock within two years after the spin-off, generally are presumed to be part of such a plan, although Organon or Merck may be able to rebut that presumption. Even if Section 355(e) of the Code were to apply to cause the spin-off to be taxable to Merck, the receipt of the shares of Organon common stock in the spin-off would remain tax-free to the Merck shareholders.
Tax Matters Agreement
In connection with the distribution, Merck and Organon will enter into a tax matters agreement pursuant to which Organon will agree to be responsible for certain liabilities and obligations following the distribution. In general, under the terms of the tax matters agreement, in the event the distribution were to fail to qualify for U.S. federal income tax purposes under Sections 355 and 368 of the Code (including as a result of Section 355(e) of the Code) and if such failure were the result of actions taken by Organon after the distribution, Organon would be responsible for all taxes imposed on Merck to the extent such taxes result from such actions. Further, if such failure were the result of any acquisition of Organon shares or assets or any of Organon’s representations or undertakings being incorrect or breached, Organon would be responsible for all taxes imposed on Merck as a result. For a more detailed discussion, see “Certain Relationships and Related Party Transactions—Tax Matters Agreement.” Our indemnification obligations to Merck and its subsidiaries, officers and directors are not limited in amount or subject to any cap. If we are required to indemnify Merck and its subsidiaries and their respective officers and directors under the circumstances set forth in the tax matters agreement, we may be subject to substantial liabilities.
Information Reporting and Backup Withholding
U.S. Treasury regulations require certain shareholders who receive stock in a distribution to attach to the shareholder’s U.S. federal income tax return for the year in which the distribution occurs a detailed statement setting forth certain information relating to the tax-free nature of the distribution. In addition, payments of cash to a Merck shareholder in lieu of fractional shares of Organon common stock in the distribution may be subject to
 
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information reporting, unless the shareholder provides proof of an applicable exemption. Such payments that are subject to information reporting may also be subject to backup withholding (currently at a rate of 24%), unless the shareholder provides a correct taxpayer identification number and otherwise complies with the requirements of the backup withholding rules. Backup withholding does not constitute an additional tax, but merely an advance payment, which may be refunded or credited against a shareholder’s U.S. federal income tax liability, provided the required information is timely supplied to the IRS.
The preceding summary of the anticipated U.S. federal income tax consequences of the spin-off is for general informational purposes only. Merck’s shareholders should consult their own tax advisors as to the specific tax consequences of the spin-off to them, including the application and effect of state, local or non-U.S. tax laws and of changes in applicable tax laws.
 
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Description of Certain Indebtedness
The following summary sets forth information based on Organon’s current expectations about the financing arrangements anticipated to be entered into prior to the separation. However, Organon has not yet entered into any definitive agreements with respect to such financing arrangements, and, accordingly, the terms of such financing arrangements have not yet been determined, remain under discussion and are subject to change, including as a result of market conditions.
144A Senior Notes Issuances
Effective upon the spin-off, we expect that Organon and a wholly-owned Dutch subsidiary of Organon will assume as co-issuers senior notes with aggregate principal amount on a U.S. dollar equivalent of approximately $5,588 million to “qualified institutional buyers” under the Securities Act in reliance on Rule 144A or Regulation S under the Securities Act. Organon’s debt balance as of the distribution date will be determined based on internal capital planning and take into account factors and assumptions including the anticipated business plan, optimal debt levels, operating activities, general economic contingencies, credit rating and desired financing capacity. Nothing in this summary or otherwise herein shall constitute or be deemed to constitute an offer to sell or the solicitation of an offer to buy the notes.
Senior Credit Facilities
In connection with the spin-off, we expect to enter into a credit agreement with JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., as administrative agent and collateral agent (the “Senior Credit Agreement”), providing for:
 
 	•	 	a Term Loan B Facility (“Term Loan B Facility”), consisting of (i) a U.S. dollar denominated senior secured “tranche B” term loan in the amount of $3,000 million, and (ii) a Euro denominated senior secured “tranche B” term loan in the Euro equivalent amount of €750 million, in each case with a seven-year term that matures in 2028; and	
 
 	•	 	a Revolving Credit Facility (“Revolving Credit Facility” and, together with the Term Loan B Facility, the “Senior Credit Facilities”), in an aggregate principal amount of up to $1,000 million, with a five-year term that matures in 2026.	
The following is a summary description of certain terms of the Senior Credit Facilities. The terms of the Senior Credit Agreement and related documentation for the Senior Credit Facilities are subject to ongoing negotiation, and accordingly their definitive terms may vary from those described below.
We expect the Revolving Credit Facility to be undrawn on the spin date, and do not expect to have outstanding letters of credit under the Revolving Credit Facility on the spin date.
We expect borrowings made under the Senior Credit Agreement to initially bear interest, in the case of
 
 	•	 	revolving loans under the Revolving Credit Facility (i) in U.S. Dollars, at 2.00% in excess of an adjusted London Interbank Offered Rate or 1.00% in excess of an alternate base rate, at our option and (ii) in Euros, at 2.00% in excess of an adjusted Euro Interbank Offer Rate; and	
 
 	•	 	term loans under the Term Loan B Facility (i) denominated in U.S. Dollars, at 3.00% in excess of Adjusted LIBOR or 2.00% in excess of ABR, at our option and (ii) denominated in Euros, at 3.00% in excess of Adjusted EURIBOR.	
We expect the interest rate on the revolving loans under the Revolving Credit Facility to be subject to a step-down based on meeting a leverage ratio target. A commitment fee applies to the unused portion of the revolving facility that is expected to initially be 0.50%, and to be subject to a step-down to 0.375% based on meeting a leverage ratio target.
 
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The Revolving Credit Facility will be subject to a financial covenant whereby the maximum first lien net leverage ratio, which measures the ratio of (i) total first lien debt to (ii) consolidated earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization, and subject to other adjustments, must meet certain defined limits which are tested on a quarterly basis. In addition, the Senior Credit Agreement will contain covenants that will limit, among other things, our ability to prepay, redeem or repurchase our subordinated and junior lien debt, incur additional debt, make acquisitions, merge with other entities, pay dividends or distributions, redeem or repurchase equity interests, and create or become subject to liens.
 
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Description of Capital Stock
Organon’s certificate of incorporation and bylaws will be amended and restated prior to the distribution. The following is a summary of the material terms of Organon’s capital stock that will be contained in the amended and restated certificate of incorporation and bylaws. The summaries and descriptions below do not purport to be complete statements of the relevant provisions of the certificate of incorporation or of the bylaws to be in effect at the time of the distribution. The summary is qualified in its entirety by reference to these documents, which you must read (along with the applicable provisions of Delaware law) for complete information on Organon’s capital stock as of the time of the distribution. The certificate of incorporation and bylaws to be in effect at the time of the distribution will be included as exhibits to Organon’s registration statement on Form 10, of which this information statement forms a part.
General
Organon’s authorized capital stock consists of                 shares of common stock, par value $0.01 per share and                 shares of preferred stock, par value $0.01 per share. Organon’s Board of Directors may establish the rights and preferences of the preferred stock from time to time. Immediately following the distribution, Organon expects that approximately                 shares of its common stock will be issued and outstanding and that no shares of preferred stock will be issued and outstanding.
Common Stock
Each holder of Organon common stock will be entitled to one vote for each share on all matters to be voted upon by the holders of Organon common stock, and there will be no cumulative voting rights. Subject to any preferential rights of any outstanding preferred stock, holders of Organon common stock will be entitled to receive ratably the cash dividends, if any, as may be declared from time to time by its Board of Directors out of funds legally available for that purpose. If there is a liquidation, dissolution or winding up of Organon, holders of its common stock would be entitled to ratable distribution of its assets remaining after the payment in full of liabilities and any preferential rights of any then-outstanding preferred stock.
Holders of Organon common stock will have no preemptive or conversion rights or other subscription rights, and there are no redemption or sinking fund provisions applicable to the common stock. After the distribution, all outstanding shares of Organon common stock will be fully paid and non-assessable. The rights, preferences and privileges of the holders of Organon common stock are subject to, and may be adversely affected by, the rights of the holders of shares of any series of preferred stock that Organon may designate and issue in the future.
Preferred Stock
Under the terms of Organon’s amended and restated certificate of incorporation, its Board of Directors will be authorized, subject to limitations prescribed by the Delaware General Corporation Law, or the DGCL, and by its amended and restated certificate of incorporation, to issue preferred stock in one or more series without further action by the holders of its common stock. Organon’s Board of Directors will have the discretion, subject to limitations prescribed by the DGCL and by Organon’s amended and restated certificate of incorporation, to determine the rights, preferences, privileges and restrictions, including voting rights, dividend rights, conversion rights, redemption privileges and liquidation preferences, of each series of preferred stock. Certain provisions of the tax matters agreement, which are intended to preserve the intended tax treatment of the separation and certain related transactions, may prevent certain issuances of our stock for a period of time following the closing of the transactions.
 
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Anti-Takeover Effects of Various Provisions of DGCL and our Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation and Bylaws
Certain provisions in our proposed amended and restated certificate of incorporation and our proposed amended and restated bylaws summarized below may be deemed to have an anti-takeover effect and may delay, deter or prevent a tender offer or takeover attempt that a shareholder might consider to be in its best interests, including attempts that might result in a premium being paid over the market price for the shares held by shareholders. These provisions are intended to enhance the likelihood of continuity and stability in the composition of our Board of Directors and in the policies formulated by our Board of Directors and to discourage certain types of transactions that may involve an actual or threatened change of control.
 
 	•	 	Classified Board. Our amended and restated certificate of incorporation will provide that, until the annual shareholder meeting in 2025, our Board of Directors will be divided into three classes, with each class consisting, as nearly as may be possible, of one-third of the total number of directors. The directors designated as Class I directors will have terms expiring at the first annual meeting of shareholders following the distribution, which we expect to hold in 2022, and will be up for re-election at that meeting for a three-year term to expire at the 2025 annual meeting of shareholders; the directors designated as Class II directors will have terms expiring at the following year’s annual meeting of shareholders, which we expect to hold in 2023, and will be up for re-election at that meeting for a two-year term to expire at the 2025 annual meeting of shareholders; and the directors designated as Class III directors will have terms expiring at the following year’s annual meeting of shareholders which we expect to hold in 2024, and will be up for re-election at that meeting for a one-year term to expire at the 2025 annual meeting of shareholders. Commencing with the 2025 annual meeting of shareholders, directors will be elected annually and for a term of office to expire at the next annual meeting of shareholders, and our Board of Directors will thereafter no longer be divided into classes. Before our Board of Directors is declassified, it would take at least three years after the completion of the distribution for any individual or group to gain control of our Board of Directors. Accordingly, while the Board of Directors is divided into classes, these provisions could discourage a third party from initiating a proxy contest, making a tender offer or otherwise attempting to control us.	
 
 	•	 	Removal and Vacancies. Our amended and restated certificate of incorporation will provide that (i) prior to our Board of Directors being declassified as discussed above, our shareholders may remove directors only for cause and (ii) after our Board of Directors has been fully declassified, our shareholders may remove directors with or without cause. Removal will require the affirmative vote of holders of at least a majority of the voting power of our stock outstanding and entitled to vote on such removal. Vacancies occurring on the Board of Directors, whether due to death, resignation, removal, retirement, disqualification or for any other reason, and newly created directorships resulting from an increase in the authorized number of directors, shall be filled solely by a majority of the remaining members of the Board of Directors or by a sole remaining director.	
 
 	•	 	Blank Check Preferred Stock. Our amended and restated certificate of incorporation will authorize our Board to designate and issue, without any further vote or action by the shareholders, up to                shares of preferred stock from time to time in one or more series and, with respect to each such series, to fix the number of shares constituting the series and the designation of the series, the voting powers (if any) of the shares of the series, and the preferences and relative, participating, optional and other rights, if any, and any qualifications, limitations or restrictions, of the shares of such series. The ability to issue such preferred stock could discourage potential acquisition proposals and could delay or prevent a change in control.	
 
 	•	 	No Shareholder Action by Written Consent. Our amended and restated certificate of incorporation will expressly exclude the right of our shareholders to act by written consent. Shareholder action must take place at an annual meeting or at a special meeting of our shareholders.	
 
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 	•	 	No Shareholder Ability to Call Special Meetings of Shareholders. Our amended and restated certificate of incorporation and bylaws will provide that only the Board of Directors will be able to call a special meeting of shareholders.	
 
 	•	 	Requirements for Advance Notification of Shareholder Nominations and Proposals. Our amended and restated bylaws will require shareholders seeking to nominate persons for election as directors at an annual or special meeting of shareholders, or to bring other business before an annual or special meeting (other than a proposal submitted under Rule 14a-8 under the Exchange Act), to provide timely notice in writing. A shareholder’s notice to our Corporate Secretary must be in proper written form and must set forth certain information, as required under our amended and restated bylaws, related to the shareholder giving the notice, the beneficial owner (if any) on whose behalf the nomination is made as well as their control persons and information about the proposal or nominee for election to the Board of Directors.	
 
 	•	 	Exclusive Forum. Our amended and restated bylaws will provide that, unless we select or consent to the selection, in writing, of another forum, the Court of Chancery of the State of Delaware (or, if the Court of Chancery does not have jurisdiction, another state court or a federal court located within the State of Delaware) shall be the exclusive forum for any “internal corporate claims,” which include claims in the right of our company (i) that are based upon a violation of a duty by a current or former director, officer, employee or shareholder in such capacity; or (ii) as to which the DGCL confers jurisdiction upon the Court of Chancery. Furthermore, unless we select or consent to the selection of an alternative forum, the federal district courts of the United States of America shall be the exclusive forum for the resolution of any complaint asserting a cause of action arising under the Securities Act. Our exclusive forum provision will not apply to suits brought to enforce any liability or duty created by the Exchange Act, and investors cannot waive compliance with the federal securities laws and the rules and regulations thereunder. It is possible that a court could find our exclusive forum provision to be inapplicable or unenforceable. Although we believe this provision benefits us by providing increased consistency in the application of law in the types of lawsuits to which it applies, the provision may have the effect of discouraging lawsuits against our directors and officers.	
 
 	•	 	Business Combinations with Interested Shareholder. We are subject to Section 203 of the DGCL, which, subject to certain exceptions, prohibits a Delaware corporation from engaging in any business combination with any interested shareholder for a period of three years following the date that such shareholder became an interested shareholder.	
Limitation on Liability of Directors and Indemnification of Directors and Officers
Our amended and restated bylaws will generally provide indemnification and advancement of expenses for our directors and officers to the fullest extent permitted by the DGCL. Prior to the completion of the distribution, we also intend to enter into indemnification agreements with each of our directors and executive officers that may, in some cases, be broader than the specific indemnification and advancement of expenses provisions contained under Delaware law. In addition, as permitted by Delaware law, our amended and restated certificate of incorporation will include a provision that eliminates the personal liability of our directors for monetary damages resulting from breaches of certain fiduciary duties as a director. The effect of this provision is to restrict our rights and the rights of our shareholders in derivative suits to recover monetary damages against a director for breach of fiduciary duties as a director, except that under Delaware law, we may not eliminate the personal liability of a director for:
 
 	•	 	any breach of his duty of loyalty to us or our shareholders;	
 
 	•	 	acts or omissions not in good faith, or which involve intentional misconduct or a knowing violation of law;	
 
 	•	 	unlawful payments of dividends or unlawful stock repurchases or redemptions as provided in Section 174 of the DGCL; or	
 
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 	•	 	any transaction from which the director derived an improper personal benefit; or improper distributions to shareholders.	
Transfer Agent and Registrar
The transfer agent and registrar for our common stock will be Equiniti Trust Company.
Listing
We have applied to list our common stock on the NYSE, under the ticker symbol “OGN.”
 
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Where You Can Find More Information
Organon has filed a registration statement on Form 10 with the SEC with respect to the shares of Organon common stock being distributed as contemplated by this information statement. This information statement is a part of, and does not contain all of the information set forth in, the registration statement and the exhibits and schedules to the registration statement. For further information with respect to Organon and its common stock, please refer to the registration statement, including its exhibits and schedules. Statements made in this information statement relating to any contract or other document are not necessarily complete, and you should refer to the exhibits attached to the registration statement for copies of the actual contract or document. You may review a copy of the registration statement, including its exhibits and schedules, by calling the SEC at 1-800-SEC-0330 as well as on the Internet website maintained by the SEC at www.sec.gov. Information contained on any website referenced in this information statement is not incorporated by reference in this information statement.
As a result of the distribution, Organon will become subject to the information and reporting requirements of the Exchange Act and, in accordance with the Exchange Act, will file periodic reports, proxy statements and other information with the SEC.
Organon intends to furnish holders of its common stock with annual reports containing consolidated financial statements prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles and audited and reported on, with an opinion expressed, by an independent registered public accounting firm.
You should rely only on the information contained in this information statement or to which this information statement has referred you. Organon has not authorized any person to provide you with different information or to make any representation not contained in this information statement.
 
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Index to Financial Statements

 	  	Page	 	
Audited Annual Combined Financial Statements:	  				
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm	  	 	F-2	 	
Combined Statement of Income for the years ended December  31, 2020, 2019 and 2018	  	 	F-4	 	
Combined Statement of Comprehensive Income for the years ended December 31, 2020, 2019 and 2018	  	 	F-4	 	
Combined Balance Sheet as of December 31, 2020 and 2019	  	 	F-5	 	
Combined Statement of Equity for the years ended December  31, 2020, 2019 and 2018	  	 	F-6	 	
Combined Statement of Cash Flows for the years ended December  31, 2020, 2019 and 2018	  	 	F-7	 	
Notes to the Combined Financial Statements	  	 	F-8	 	

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Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
To the Board of Directors and Stockholders of Merck & Co., Inc.
Opinion on the Financial Statements
We have audited the accompanying combined balance sheets of Organon & Co. (a business of Merck & Co., Inc.) (the “Company”) as of December 31, 2020 and 2019, and the related combined statements of income, of comprehensive income, of equity and of cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2020, including the related notes (collectively referred to as the “combined financial statements”). In our opinion, the combined financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company as of December 31, 2020 and 2019, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2020 in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.
Change in Accounting Principle
As discussed in Note 3 to the combined financial statements, the Company changed the manner in which it accounts for the income tax consequences of intra-entity transfers of assets other than inventory in 2018.
Basis for Opinion
These combined financial statements are the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s combined financial statements based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB) and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.
We conducted our audits of these combined financial statements in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB and in accordance with auditing standards generally accepted in the United States of America. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audits to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the combined financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud.
Our audits included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the combined financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the combined financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the combined financial statements. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.
Critical Audit Matters
The critical audit matter communicated below is a matter arising from the current period audit of the combined financial statements that was communicated or required to be communicated to the audit committee and that (i) relates to accounts or disclosures that are material to the combined financial statements and (ii) involved our especially challenging, subjective, or complex judgments. The communication of critical audit matters does not alter in any way our opinion on the combined financial statements, taken as a whole, and we are not, by communicating the critical audit matter below, providing a separate opinion on the critical audit matter or on the accounts or disclosures to which it relates.
 
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Customer Discount Accruals in the U.S. – Medicaid and Managed Care Rebates
As described in Note 3 to the combined financial statements, the Company records certain variable consideration including discounts, which are estimated at the time of sale generally using the expected value method. Amounts accrued for aggregate customer discounts as of December 31, 2020 in the U.S. are $302 million and are evaluated on a quarterly basis through comparison of information provided by the wholesalers, health maintenance organizations, pharmacy benefit managers, federal and state agencies, and other customers to the amounts accrued. Certain of these discounts take the form of rebates, which are amounts owed based upon definitive contractual agreements or legal requirements with private sector (Managed Care) and public sector (Medicaid) benefit providers, after the final dispensing of the product by a pharmacy to a benefit plan participant. The provision for rebates is based on expected patient usage, as well as inventory levels in the distribution channel to determine the contractual obligation to the benefit providers. Management uses historical customer segment utilization mix, sales forecasts, changes to product mix and price, inventory levels in the distribution channel, government pricing calculations and prior payment history in order to estimate the expected provision.
The principal considerations for our determination that performing procedures relating to customer discount accruals in the U.S.—Medicaid and Managed Care rebates is a critical audit matter are the significant judgment by management due to the significant measurement uncertainty involved in developing the provisions, as the provisions include assumptions related to changes to price and historical customer segment utilization mix, pertaining to forecasted customer claims that may not be fully paid until a subsequent period. This in turn led to a high degree of auditor judgment, subjectivity and effort in applying the procedures related to those assumptions and in evaluating the evidence obtained from these procedures.
Addressing the matter involved performing procedures and evaluating audit evidence in connection with forming our overall opinion on the combined financial statements. These procedures included, among others, (i) developing an independent estimate of the rebate accruals by utilizing third party data on historical customer segment utilization mix in the U.S., changes to price, the terms of the specific rebate programs, and the historical trend of actual rebate claims paid, (ii) comparing the independent estimate to the rebate accruals recorded by management, and (iii) testing actual rebate claims paid, including evaluating those claims for consistency with the contractual terms of the Company’s rebate agreements.
/s/ PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP
Florham Park, New Jersey
March 17, 2021
We have served as the Company’s auditor since 2019.
 
F-3

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Combined Statement of Income
Organon & Co.
Years Ended December 31
($ in millions)

 	  	2020	 	  	2019	 	 	2018	 	
Sales (1)	  	$	8,096		  	$	9,530		 	$	9,777		
	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Costs, Expenses and Other	  				  				 				
Cost of sales (2)	  	 	3,347		  	 	3,621		 	 	4,693		
Selling, general and administrative	  	 	1,666		  	 	1,922		 	 	2,013		
Research and development	  	 	304		  	 	332		 	 	365		
Restructuring costs	  	 	70		  	 	101		 	 	119		
Other (income) expense, net	  	 	29		  	 	(1	) 	 	 	(142	) 	
	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
	  	 	5,416		  	 	5,975		 	 	7,048		
	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Income Before Taxes	  	 	2,680		  	 	3,555		 	 	2,729		
Taxes on Income	  	 	520		  	 	337		 	 	576		
	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Net Income	  	$	2,160		  	$	3,218		 	$	2,153		

(1)	Includes related party sales of $599 million in 2020, $501 million in 2019 and $432 million in 2018.	
(2) 	Includes costs for inventory purchases from related parties of $1.0 billion in 2020, $1.1 billion in 2019 and $923 million in 2018.	
Combined Statement of Comprehensive Income
Organon & Co.
Years Ended December 31
($ in millions)

 	  	2020	 	 	2019	 	 	2018	 	
Net Income	  	$	2,160		 	$	3,218		 	$	2,153		
	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Other Comprehensive Loss, Net of Taxes:	  				 				 				
Benefit plan net loss and prior service cost, net of amortization	  	 	(143	) 	 	 	(60	) 	 	 	(59	) 	
Cumulative translation adjustment	  	 	(30	) 	 	 	54		 	 	(125	) 	
	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
	  	 	(173	) 	 	 	(6	) 	 	 	(184	) 	
	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Comprehensive Income	  	$	1,987		 	$	3,212		 	$	1,969		
	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these combined financial statements.
 
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Combined Balance Sheet
Organon & Co.
December 31
($ in millions)

 	  	2020	 	 	2019	 	
Assets	  				 				
Current Assets	  				 				
Cash and cash equivalents	  	$	70		 	$	319		
Accounts receivable (net of allowance for doubtful accounts of $18 in 2020 and $20 in 2019)	  	 	1,360		 	 	1,474		
Inventories (excludes inventories of $127 in 2020 and $93 in 2019 classified in Other assets—see Note 7)	  	 	971		 	 	1,071		
Due from related party	  	 	—  	 	 	 	13		
Other current assets	  	 	977		 	 	1,078		
	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Total current assets	  	 	3,378		 	 	3,955		
	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Property, Plant and Equipment (at cost)	  				 				
Land	  	 	15		 	 	7		
Buildings	  	 	653		 	 	382		
Machinery, equipment and office furnishings	  	 	803		 	 	824		
Construction in progress	  	 	362		 	 	143		
	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
	  	 	1,833		 	 	1,356		
Less: accumulated depreciation	  	 	835		 	 	676		
	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
	  	 	998		 	 	680		
	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Goodwill	  	 	4,603		 	 	4,603		
	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Other Intangibles, Net	  	 	503		 	 	569		
	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Other Assets	  	 	438		 	 	741		
	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
	  	$	9,920		 	$	10,548		
	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Liabilities and Equity	  				 				
Current Liabilities	  				 				
Trade accounts payable	  	$	294		 	$	258		
Accrued and other current liabilities	  	 	752		 	 	807		
Due to related party	  	 	1,150		 	 	34		
Income taxes payable	  	 	288		 	 	242		
	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Total current liabilities	  	 	2,484		 	 	1,341		
	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Deferred Income Taxes	  	 	128		 	 	139		
Related Party Loans Payable	  	 	—  	 	 	 	70		
	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Other Noncurrent Liabilities	  	 	1,822		 	 	1,963		
	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Organon & Co. Equity	  				 				
Net investment from Parent	  	 	6,108		 	 	7,949		
Accumulated other comprehensive loss	  	 	(622	) 	 	 	(914	) 	
	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Total equity	  	 	5,486		 	 	7,035		
	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
	  	$	9,920		 	$	10,548		
	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
The accompanying notes are an integral part of this combined financial statement.
 
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Combined Statement of Equity
Organon & Co.
Years Ended December 31
($ in millions)

 	  	Net Investment
from Parent	 	 	Accumulated
Other
Comprehensive
Loss	 	 	Total	 	
Balance January 1, 2018	  	$	8,941		 	$	(724	) 	 	$	8,217		
	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Net income	  	 	2,153		 	 	—  	 	 	 	2,153		
Adoption of new accounting standard (see Note 3)	  	 	329		 	 	—  	 	 	 	329		
Other comprehensive loss, net of taxes	  	 	—  	 	 	 	(184	) 	 	 	(184	) 	
Net transfers to Parent	  	 	(4,167	) 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	(4,167	) 	
	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Balance December 31, 2018	  	 	7,256		 	 	(908	) 	 	 	6,348		
	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Net income	  	 	3,218		 	 	—  	 	 	 	3,218		
Other comprehensive loss, net of taxes	  	 	—  	 	 	 	(6	) 	 	 	(6	) 	
Net transfers to Parent	  	 	(2,525	) 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	(2,525	) 	
	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Balance December 31, 2019	  	 	7,949		 	 	(914	) 	 	 	7,035		
	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Net income	  	 	2,160		 	 	—  	 	 	 	2,160		
Other comprehensive loss, net of taxes	  	 	—  	 	 	 	(173	) 	 	 	(173	) 	
Net transfers to Parent	  	 	(4,001	) 	 	 	465		 	 	(3,536	) 	
	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Balance December 31, 2020	  	$	6,108		 	$	(622	) 	 	$	5,486		
	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
The accompanying notes are an integral part of this combined financial statement.
 
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Combined Statement of Cash Flows
Organon & Co.
Years Ended December 31
($ in millions)

 	  	2020	 	 	2019	 	 	2018	 	
Cash Flows from Operating Activities	  				 				 				
Net income	  	$	2,160		 	$	3,218		 	$	2,153		
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:	  				 				 				
Depreciation and amortization	  	 	157		 	 	354		 	 	1,673		
Deferred income taxes	  	 	6		 	 	66		 	 	37		
Share-based compensation	  	 	54		 	 	52		 	 	56		
Unrealized foreign exchange loss (gain)	  	 	7		 	 	(11	) 	 	 	(68	) 	
Other	  	 	—  	 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	10		
Net changes in assets and liabilities:	  				 				 				
Accounts receivable	  	 	159		 	 	35		 	 	250		
Inventories	  	 	(29	) 	 	 	(112	) 	 	 	44		
Other current assets	  	 	108		 	 	(101	) 	 	 	(161	) 	
Trade accounts payable	  	 	27		 	 	(31	) 	 	 	20		
Accrued and other current liabilities	  	 	(118	) 	 	 	(16	) 	 	 	(170	) 	
Income taxes payable	  	 	(118	) 	 	 	(590	) 	 	 	(166	) 	
Due from/due to related party	  	 	(126	) 	 	 	(3	) 	 	 	78		
Other	  	 	(100	) 	 	 	(94	) 	 	 	(69	) 	
	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Net Cash Provided by Operating Activities	  	 	2,187		 	 	2,767		 	 	3,687		
	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Cash Flows from Investing Activities	  				 				 				
Capital expenditures	  	 	(278	) 	 	 	(109	) 	 	 	(101	) 	
Proceeds from sale of property, plant and equipment	  	 	20		 	 	7		 	 	32		
	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Net Cash Used in Investing Activities	  	 	(258	) 	 	 	(102	) 	 	 	(69	) 	
	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Cash Flows from Financing Activities	  				 				 				
(Payments) proceeds from related party loans, net	  	 	(79	) 	 	 	(44	) 	 	 	18		
Short-term borrowings from Parent, net	  	 	1,244		 	 	—  	 	 	 	41		
Net transfers to Parent	  	 	(3,340	) 	 	 	(2,577	) 	 	 	(4,223	) 	
	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Net Cash Used in Financing Activities	  	 	(2,175	) 	 	 	(2,621	) 	 	 	(4,164	) 	
	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Effect of Exchange Rate Changes on Cash and Cash Equivalents	  	 	(3	) 	 	 	31		 	 	19		
	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Net (Decrease) Increase in Cash and Cash Equivalents	  	 	(249	) 	 	 	75		 	 	(527	) 	
Cash and Cash Equivalents at Beginning of Year	  	 	319		 	 	244		 	 	771		
	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Cash and Cash Equivalents at End of Year	  	$	70		 	$	319		 	$	244		
	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
The accompanying notes are an integral part of this combined financial statement.
 
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Notes to Combined Financial Statements
Organon & Co.
($ in millions)
 
1.	Background and Nature of Operations	
On February 5, 2020, Merck & Co., Inc. (Merck or Parent) announced its intent to spin-off its women’s health, biosimilars and established brands businesses into a new, independent publicly traded company, Organon & Co. (Organon or the Company), through a distribution of Organon’s publicly traded stock to Merck shareholders. These combined financial statements reflect the combined historical results of operations, financial position and cash flows of the Company.
Completion of the spin-off is subject to certain conditions, including receipt of an opinion from tax counsel or other third-party adviser that the distribution and certain related transactions will qualify as tax-free to Merck and its shareholders under sections 355 and 368 of the Internal Revenue Code.
The Company’s operations are principally managed on a products basis and include two operating segments, the Organon Products segment and the Merck Retained Products segment.
The Organon Products segment is engaged in developing and delivering innovative health solutions through its portfolio of prescription therapies within women’s health, biosimilars, and established brands (Organon Products). The Company sells these products primarily to drug wholesalers and retailers, hospitals, government agencies and managed health care providers such as health maintenance organizations, pharmacy benefit managers and other institutions. The Company expects to operate six manufacturing facilities in Belgium, Brazil, Indonesia, Mexico, the Netherlands and the United Kingdom (UK).
The Organon Products segment portfolio includes:
 
 	•	 	Women’s Health: the Company has innovative contraception and fertility brands, such as Nexplanon/Implanon, a long-acting reversible contraceptive, a class of contraceptives which are recognized as the most effective type of hormonal contraception available to patients with a lower long-term average cost.	
 
 	•	 	Biosimilars: the Company’s current portfolio spans immunology and oncology treatments. All five of the biosimilars in Organon’s portfolio have launched in certain countries globally, including two biosimilars in the United States.	
 
 	•	 	Established Brands: the Company has a portfolio of established brands, which generally are beyond market exclusivity, including leading brands in cardiovascular, respiratory, dermatology and non-opioid pain management.	
The Merck Retained Products segment reflects the results of certain Merck non-U.S. legal entities that will be contributed to Organon in connection with the spin-off (Transferring Entities and each, a Transferring Entity). The Transferring Entities include operations related to other Merck products that will be retained by Merck (Merck Retained Products) (see Note 2).
 
2.	Basis of Presentation	
The Company’s historical combined financial statements have been prepared on a standalone basis and are derived from Merck’s consolidated financial statements and accounting records. The combined financial statements reflect the Company’s financial position, results of operations and cash flows as it was operated as part of Merck prior to the spin-off, in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP). The assets, liabilities, revenue and expenses of the Company have been reflected in our combined financial statements on a historical cost basis, as included in the consolidated financial statements of Merck, using the
 
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historical accounting policies applied by Merck. These combined financial statements do not purport to reflect what the Company’s results of operations, comprehensive income, financial position, equity or cash flows would have been had the Company operated as a standalone public company during the periods presented.
These combined financial statements were prepared following a legal entity approach, which resulted in the inclusion of the following:
 
 	•	 	Certain assets and liabilities, results of operations and cash flows attributable to the sales of products in the Organon Products segment that will be contributed to Organon prior to the consummation of the spin-off, and	
 
 	•	 	The Transferring Entities, which have historically included the results from the sales of products included both in the Organon Products segment and the Merck Retained Products segment. Each Transferring Entity’s historical operations, including its results of operations, assets and liabilities, and cash flows have been fully reflected in these combined financial statements; however, prior to the consummation of the spin-off, the products in the Merck Retained Products segment will be contributed to newly formed Merck entities that will be retained by Merck. Upon full contribution of the Merck Retained Products by the Company to Merck and its affiliates, the historical results of operations of such products in the Merck Retained Products segment will be reflected as discontinued operations in the Organon financial statements.	
During the fourth quarter of 2020, in contemplation of the spin-off:
 
 	•	 	The Merck Retained Products business in certain Transferring Entities was distributed to Merck affiliates (MRP Distribution) and the Merck Retained Products segment’s results of operations, assets and liabilities, and cash flows for such Transferring Entities are included in these combined financial statements through the date of distribution to Merck affiliates.	
 
 	•	 	The Organon Products business in certain jurisdictions has been transferred by Merck affiliates to legal entities established to operate the Organon Products business and, as noted above, such entities will be contributed to Organon (Organon Entities).	
The Company’s businesses have historically functioned together with the other businesses controlled by Merck. Accordingly, the Company relied on Merck’s corporate and other support functions for its business. Therefore, certain corporate and shared costs have been allocated to the Company including:
(i) expenses related to Merck support functions that are provided on a centralized basis within Merck, including expenses for facilities, executive oversight, treasury, finance, legal, human resources, shared services, compliance, procurement, information technology and other corporate functions. These expenses have been allocated to the Company based on a specific identification basis or, when specific identification is not practicable, a proportional cost allocation method primarily based on revenue or directly identifiable actual costs, depending on the nature of the services.
(ii) certain manufacturing and supply costs incurred by Merck’s manufacturing division, including facility management, distribution, logistics, planning and global quality. These costs include material, manufacturing costs and variances, distribution expenses, supply chain management, contract manufacturing and quality charges, among others. These costs have been allocated based on a specific identification basis, or when specific identification is not practicable, a proportional cost allocation method based on directly identifiable manufacturing costs, depending on the nature of the costs.
(iii) certain costs incurred by Merck’s human health division in relation to selling and marketing activities, and related administrative support functions, that are not routinely allocated to therapeutic areas. Human health division costs have been allocated either based on product specific identification, or when specific identification is not practicable, a proportional cost allocation method based on associated selling and marketing costs, depending on the nature of the costs.
 
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(iv) costs incurred by Merck’s research laboratories for activities related to drug discovery and development, as well as medical and regulatory affairs. Such costs have been allocated based on a specific identification basis, or when specific identification is not practicable, a proportional cost allocation method based on directly identifiable employee activities.
(v) restructuring costs (see Note 5) and share-based compensation expenses (see Note 11).
(vi) certain compensation expenses maintained on a centralized basis such as certain employee benefit expenses.
Management believes these cost allocations are a reasonable reflection of the utilization of services provided to, or the benefit derived by, the Company during the periods presented, though the allocations may not be indicative of the actual costs that would have been incurred had the Company operated as a standalone public company. Actual costs that may have been incurred if the Company had been a standalone company would depend on a number of factors, including the chosen organizational structure, whether functions were outsourced or performed by Company’s employees, and strategic decisions made in areas such as manufacturing, selling and marketing, research and development, information technology and infrastructure.
Following the spin-off, certain functions that Merck provided to the Company prior to the spin-off will either continue to be provided to the Company by Merck under a transition services agreement or will be performed using the Company’s own resources or third-party service providers. Additionally, under manufacturing and supply agreements, the Company will manufacture certain products for Merck or its applicable affiliate and Merck will manufacture certain products for the Company or its applicable affiliate. The Company expects to incur certain costs in its establishment as a standalone public company, as well as ongoing additional costs associated with operating as an independent, publicly traded company.
The combined balance sheet reflects all of the assets and liabilities that are either specifically identifiable or are directly attributable to the Company and its operations, as well as assets and liabilities attributable to the Merck Retained Products in the Transferring Entities. However, the balance sheet at December 31, 2020 excludes the assets and liabilities of the Merck Retained Products in certain Transferring Entities that were distributed to the Parent in the fourth quarter of 2020 as part of the MRP Distribution. The assets and liabilities in the remaining Transferring Entities attributable to Merck Retained Products will be distributed to the Parent prior to the spin-off. Property, plant and equipment reflected in the combined balance sheet is primarily attributable to the six manufacturing facilities the Company expects to operate. No assets or liabilities are reflected in the combined balance sheet for amounts related to derivatives and hedging activities.
Merck maintains various employee benefit plans which the Company’s employees participate in, and a portion of the costs associated with these plans has been included in the Company’s combined financial statements. The combined balance sheet only includes assets and liabilities relating to plans for which the entity being transferred is the plan sponsor; most of these plans are on the Transferring Entities and substantially all of the related assets and liabilities were transferred to Merck as part of the MRP Distribution in the fourth quarter of 2020 or will be prior to the spin-off.
Income tax expense and deferred tax balances in the combined financial statements have been calculated on a separate tax return basis. The Company’s operations are included in the tax returns of certain Organon Entities, Transferring Entities or the respective Merck entities of which the Company’s business is a part. In the future, as a standalone entity, the Company will file tax returns on its own behalf, and its deferred taxes and effective income tax rate may differ from those in the historical periods.
Merck utilizes a centralized approach to cash management and the financing of its operations. Cash generated by the Company is routinely transferred into accounts managed by Merck’s centralized treasury function and cash disbursements for the Company’s operations are funded as needed by Merck. Cash and cash
 
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equivalents of the Organon Entities and the Transferring Entities are reflected in the Company’s combined balance sheet. Balances held by the Organon Entities and the Transferring Entities with Merck for cash transfers and loans are reflected as Due from related party, Due to related party, or Related Party Loans Payable. All other cash, cash equivalents, short-term investments and related transfers between Merck and the Company are generally held centrally through accounts controlled and maintained by Merck and are not specifically identifiable to the Company. Accordingly, such balances have been accounted for through Net investment from Parent. Merck’s third-party debt and related interest expense have not been attributed to the Company because the Company is not the legal obligor of the debt and the borrowings are not specifically identifiable to the Company. However, in connection with the spin-off, the Company expects to incur indebtedness and such indebtedness would cause the Company to record additional interest expense in future periods.
As the separate legal entities that make up the Company’s business were not historically held by a single legal entity, Net investment from Parent is shown in lieu of shareholders’ equity in these combined financial statements. Net investment from Parent represents Merck’s interest in the recorded assets of the Company and the cumulative investment by Merck in the Company through the periods presented, inclusive of operating results.
All intercompany transactions and accounts within Organon have been eliminated. For the Organon Entities and the Transferring Entities, transactions with Merck affiliates attributable to the Merck Retained Products are included in the combined statement of income and related balances are reflected as Due to related party, Due from related party or Related Party Loans Payable. Other balances between the Company and Merck are considered to be effectively settled in the combined financial statements at the time the transactions are recorded. The total net effect of these intercompany transactions considered to be settled is reflected in the combined statement of cash flows within financing activities and in the combined statement of equity as Net transfers to Parent. See Note 17 for additional details.
 
3.	Summary of Accounting Policies	
Revenue Recognition — Recognition of revenue requires evidence of a contract, probable collection of sales proceeds and completion of substantially all performance obligations. The Company acts as the principal in its customer arrangements and therefore records revenue on a gross basis. The majority of the Company’s contracts have a single performance obligation — the promise to transfer goods. Shipping is considered immaterial in the context of the overall customer arrangement and damages or loss of goods in transit are rare. Therefore, shipping is not deemed a separately recognized performance obligation.
Revenues from sales of products, including sales of Merck Retained Products to affiliates by the Organon Entities and the Transferring Entities, are recognized at a point in time when control of the goods is transferred to the customer, which the Company has determined is when title and risks and rewards of ownership transfer to the customer and the Company is entitled to payment.
The nature of the Company’s business gives rise to several types of variable consideration including discounts and returns, which are estimated at the time of sale generally using the expected value method, although the most likely amount method is used for prompt pay discounts.
In the United States, sales discounts are issued to customers at the point-of-sale, through an intermediary wholesaler (known as chargebacks), or in the form of rebates. Additionally, sales are generally made with a limited right of return under certain conditions. Revenues are recorded net of provisions for sales discounts and returns, which are established at the time of sale. In addition, revenues are recorded net of time value of money discounts if collection of accounts receivable is expected to be in excess of one year.
The U.S. provision for aggregate customer discounts covering chargebacks and rebates was $1.8 billion in 2020, $1.9 billion in 2019 and $2.0 billion in 2018. Chargebacks are discounts that occur when a contracted
 
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customer purchases through an intermediary wholesaler. The contracted customer generally purchases product from the wholesaler at its contracted price plus a mark-up. The wholesaler, in turn, charges the Company back for the difference between the price initially paid by the wholesaler and the contract price paid to the wholesaler by the customer. The provision for chargebacks is based on expected sell-through levels by the Company’s wholesale customers to contracted customers, as well as estimated wholesaler inventory levels. Rebates are amounts owed based upon definitive contractual agreements or legal requirements with private sector and public sector (Medicaid and Medicare Part D) benefit providers, after the final dispensing of the product by a pharmacy to a benefit plan participant. The provision for rebates is based on expected patient usage, as well as inventory levels in the distribution channel to determine the contractual obligation to the benefit providers. The Company uses historical customer segment utilization mix, sales forecasts, changes to product mix and price, inventory levels in the distribution channel, government pricing calculations and prior payment history in order to estimate the expected provision. Amounts accrued for aggregate customer discounts are evaluated on a quarterly basis through comparison of information provided by the wholesalers, health maintenance organizations, pharmacy benefit managers, federal and state agencies, and other customers to the amounts accrued. The accrued balances relative to the provisions for chargebacks and rebates included in Accounts receivable and Accrued and other current liabilities were $41 million and $302 million, respectively, at December 31, 2020 and were $52 million and $313 million, respectively, at December 31, 2019.
Outside of the United States, variable consideration in the form of discounts and rebates are a combination of commercially-driven discounts in highly competitive product classes, discounts required to gain or maintain reimbursement, or legislatively mandated rebates. In certain European countries, legislatively mandated rebates are calculated based on an estimate of the government’s total unbudgeted spending and the Company’s specific payback obligation. Rebates may also be required based on specific product sales thresholds. The Company applies an estimated factor against its actual invoiced sales to represent the expected level of future discount or rebate obligations associated with the sale.
The Company maintains a returns policy that allows its U.S. customers to return product within a specified period prior to and subsequent to the expiration date (generally, three to six months before and 12 months after product expiration). The estimate of the provision for returns is based upon historical experience with actual returns. Additionally, the Company considers factors such as levels of inventory in the distribution channel, product dating and expiration period, whether products have been discontinued, entrance in the market of generic competition, changes in formularies or launch of over-the-counter products, among others. Outside of the United States, returns are only allowed in certain countries on a limited basis.
The Company’s payment terms for U.S. customers are typically 36 days from receipt of invoice. Outside of the United States, payment terms are typically 30 days to 90 days, although certain markets have longer payment terms.
See Note 16 for disaggregated revenue disclosures.
Cash Equivalents — Cash equivalents are comprised of certain highly liquid investments with original maturities of three months or less.
Inventories — Inventories are valued at the lower of cost or net realizable value. The cost of a substantial majority of U.S. inventories is determined using the last-in, first-out (LIFO) method for both financial reporting and tax purposes. The cost of all other inventories is determined using the first-in, first-out (FIFO) method.
Value Added Tax — The Company’s purchases, sales and intercompany transfers of goods are subject to value added tax (VAT) and VAT receivables are recognized for amounts that represent credits against future VAT obligations. VAT receivables included in Other current assets were $348 million and $187 million as of December 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively. VAT payables included in Accrued and other current liabilities were $38 million and $46 million as of December 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively.
 
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Depreciation — Depreciation is provided over the estimated useful lives of the assets, principally using the straight-line method. The estimated useful lives primarily range from 25 to 45 years for Buildings, and from 3 to 15 years for Machinery, equipment and office furnishings. Depreciation expense was $72 million in 2020, $69 million in 2019 and $68 million in 2018.
Advertising and Promotion Costs — Advertising and promotion costs are expensed as incurred. The Company recorded advertising and promotion expenses of $217 million, $298 million and $322 million in 2020, 2019 and 2018, respectively.
Goodwill — Goodwill represents the excess of the consideration transferred over the fair value of net assets of businesses acquired. Substantially all of the goodwill attributed to Organon in the Company’s financial statements resulted from Merck’s merger with Schering-Plough Corporation (Schering-Plough) in 2009. Goodwill was attributed to Organon based on the fair value of the Organon business as of the acquisition date relative to the total fair value of Schering-Plough. Goodwill, attributable only to the Organon Products reporting unit, is evaluated for impairment on at least an annual basis, or more frequently if impairment indicators exist, by first assessing qualitative factors to determine whether it is more likely than not that fair value is less than carrying value. If the Company concludes it is more likely than not that fair value is less than carrying value, a quantitative fair value test is performed. If carrying value is greater than fair value, a goodwill impairment charge will be recorded for the difference (up to the carrying value of goodwill). As of the most recent goodwill impairment testing date, the reporting unit’s fair value exceeded its carrying value by a substantial amount.
Acquired Intangibles — Acquired intangibles include products and product rights and licenses, which are initially recorded at fair value, assigned an estimated useful life, and amortized on a straight-line basis over their estimated useful lives. Substantially all of the products and product rights intangible assets attributed to Organon in the Company’s financial statements resulted from Merck’s merger with Schering-Plough. The intangible assets attributable to the Company’s operations have been reflected in the combined financial statements based on Merck’s historical cost. Licenses include milestone payments made to collaborative partners upon or subsequent to regulatory approval. The estimated useful lives of acquired intangibles range from 5 to 15 years (see Note 8). The Company periodically evaluates whether current facts or circumstances indicate that the carrying values of its acquired intangibles may not be recoverable. If such circumstances are determined to exist, an estimate of the undiscounted future cash flows of these assets, or appropriate asset groupings, is compared to the carrying value to determine whether an impairment exists. If the asset is determined to be impaired, the loss is measured based on the difference between the carrying value of the intangible asset and its fair value, which is determined based on the net present value of estimated future cash flows.
Research and Development — Research and development costs are expensed as incurred. Research and development costs also include upfront and milestone payments related to licensing or collaborative arrangements involving clinical development programs that have not yet received regulatory approval.
Foreign Currency Translation — The net assets of international operations where the local currencies have been determined to be the functional currencies are translated into U.S. dollars using current exchange rates. The U.S. dollar effects that arise from translating the net assets of these subsidiaries at changing rates are recorded in the foreign currency translation account, which is included in Accumulated other comprehensive loss and reflected as a separate component of equity. For those operations that operate in highly inflationary economies and for those operations where the U.S. dollar has been determined to be the functional currency, non-monetary foreign currency assets and liabilities are translated using historical rates, while monetary assets and liabilities are translated at current rates, with the U.S. dollar effects of rate changes included in Other (income) expense, net.
Merck calculates foreign currency translation on its consolidated assets and liabilities, which include assets and liabilities of the Company. These combined financial statements include Merck’s foreign currency translation for the Organon entities and the Transferring Entities. Other than for the Organon Entities and the
 
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Transferring Entities, since the Company has not historically recorded foreign currency translation on its own assets and liabilities, foreign currency translation recorded in these combined financial statements, is based on currency movements specific to the Company’s combined financial statements during the periods presented.
Share-Based Compensation — Certain of the Company’s employees have historically participated in Merck’s share-based compensation plans. Share-based compensation expense has been allocated to the Company based on a proportionate cost allocation method. The Company expenses all share-based payments to employees over the requisite service period based on the grant-date fair value of the awards.
Pension Benefits — The defined benefit plans in which the Company participates relate primarily to plans sponsored by Merck and for which other businesses of Merck also participate (Shared Plans). The Company accounts for the Shared Plans as multiemployer plans and therefore the related assets and liabilities are not reflected in the combined balance sheet. The combined statement of income reflects a proportional allocation of net periodic benefit cost for the Shared Plans associated with the Company. For certain defined benefit plans attributable to the Organon Entities and the Transferring Entities, the overfunded or underfunded status of the plan is recognized as an asset or liability on the combined balance sheet.
Restructuring Costs — Costs associated with exit or disposal activities are recognized in the period in which they are incurred. Costs for one-time termination benefits in which the employee is required to render service until termination in order to receive the benefits are recognized ratably over the future service period. The combined financial statements include restructuring costs directly identifiable to the Organon Entities and the Transferring Entities and a proportional allocation of Merck’s restructuring costs associated with the Company. The Company has recorded liabilities for costs associated with restructuring activities related to the Organon Entities and the Transferring Entities. When accruing these costs, the Company recognizes the amount within a range of costs that is the best estimate within the range. When no amount within the range is a better estimate than any other amount, the Company recognizes the minimum amount with the range.
Contingencies and Legal Defense Costs — The Company records accruals for contingencies and legal defense costs expected to be incurred in connection with a loss contingency when it is probable that a liability has been incurred and the amount can be reasonably estimated.
Taxes on Income — Income tax expense and deferred tax balances have been calculated on a separate tax return basis. The Company’s operations are included in the tax returns of certain Organon Entities, Transferring Entities or the respective Merck entities of which the Company’s business is a part. In the future, as a standalone entity, the Company will file tax returns on its own behalf and its deferred taxes and effective tax rate may differ from those in the historical periods. Deferred taxes are recognized for the future tax effects of temporary differences between financial and income tax reporting based on enacted tax laws and rates. The Company establishes valuation allowances for its deferred tax assets when the amount of expected future taxable income is not likely to support the use of the deduction or credit.
The Company evaluates tax positions to determine whether the benefits of tax positions are more likely than not of being sustained upon audit based on the technical merits of the tax position. For tax positions that are more likely than not of being sustained upon audit, the Company recognizes the largest amount of the benefit that is greater than 50% likely of being realized upon ultimate settlement in the financial statements. For tax positions that are not more likely than not of being sustained upon audit, the Company does not recognize any portion of the benefit in the financial statements. The Company recognizes interest and penalties associated with uncertain tax positions as a component of Taxes on income in the combined statement of income. The Company accounts for the tax effects of the tax on global intangible low-taxed income (GILTI) of certain foreign subsidiaries in the income tax provision in the period the tax arises. The Company does not maintain an income taxes payable to or from account as it is deemed to be settled with the tax paying entities in the respective jurisdictions. These settlements are reflected as changes in Net investment from Parent on the combined balance sheet. However, the Company’s combined balance sheet reflects balances with taxing authorities for certain Organon Entities and
 
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Transferring Entities and the one-time transition tax resulting from the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017 (TCJA), as well as for unrecognized income tax benefits along with related interest and penalties. The Company and Merck will enter into a tax matters agreement prior to the separation.
Use of Estimates — The combined financial statements are prepared in conformity with GAAP and, accordingly, include certain amounts that are based on management’s best estimates and judgments. Estimates are used in determining the allocation of costs and expenses from Merck, and are used in determining such items as provisions for sales discounts and returns, depreciable and amortizable lives, recoverability of inventories, valuation of goodwill and intangibles, amounts recorded for contingencies, environmental liabilities and other reserves, pension and share-based compensation assumptions, restructuring costs, and taxes on income. Because of the uncertainty inherent in such estimates, actual results may differ from these estimates.
Net Investment from Parent — Net investment from Parent in the combined balance sheet represents Merck’s historical investment in the Company, the accumulated net earnings after taxes and the net effect of the transactions with and allocations from Merck. See Notes 2 and 17 for additional information.
Recently Adopted Accounting Standards — In May 2014, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) issued amended accounting guidance on revenue recognition that applies to all contracts with customers. The objective of the new guidance is to improve comparability of revenue recognition practices across entities and to provide more useful information to users of financial statements through improved disclosure requirements. The new standard permits two methods of adoption: retrospectively to each prior reporting period presented (full retrospective method), or retrospectively with the cumulative effect of adopting the guidance being recognized at the date of initial application (modified retrospective method). The new standard was effective as of January 1, 2018 and was adopted using the modified retrospective method. The adoption of the new standard had a de minimis impact on the Company’s combined financial statements.
In October 2016, the FASB issued guidance on the accounting for the income tax consequences of intra-entity transfers of assets other than inventory. The new guidance requires the recognition of the income tax consequences of an intra-entity transfer of an asset (with the exception of inventory) when the intra-entity transfer occurs, replacing the prohibition against doing so. The current exception to defer the recognition of any tax impact on the transfer of inventory within the consolidated entity until it is sold to a third party remains unaffected. The new standard was effective as of January 1, 2018 and was adopted using a modified retrospective approach. The Company recorded a cumulative-effect adjustment upon adoption increasing Net investment from Parent by $329 million with a corresponding decrease to Deferred Income Taxes.
In February 2018, the FASB issued an accounting standards update to address a narrow-scope financial reporting issue that arose as a consequence of the TCJA. The new standard allows a company to make a one-time election to reclassify stranded tax effects resulting from the TCJA from accumulated other comprehensive income to retained earnings. The new standard also requires companies to disclose their accounting policy for releasing stranded income tax effects from accumulated other comprehensive income. The Company has elected not to reclassify stranded tax effects resulting from the TCJA. The Company’s policy for releasing disproportionate income tax effects from Accumulated other comprehensive loss is to utilize the item-by-item approach.
In January 2017, the FASB issued guidance that provides for the elimination of Step 2 from the goodwill impairment test. Under the new guidance, impairment charges are recognized to the extent the carrying amount of a reporting unit exceeds its fair value with certain limitations. The Company adopted the new standard in 2018. The adoption of the new guidance had an immaterial effect on its combined financial statements.
In February 2016, the FASB issued new accounting guidance for the accounting and reporting of leases and subsequently issued several updates to the new guidance (new leasing guidance). The new leasing guidance requires that lessees recognize a right-of-use asset and a lease liability for each of its leases (other than leases that
 
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meet the definition of a short-term lease). Leases are classified as either operating or finance. Operating leases result in straight-line expense in the income statement (similar to previous operating leases), while finance leases result in more expense being recognized in the earlier years of the lease term (similar to previous capital leases). The Company adopted the new standard on January 1, 2019 using a modified retrospective approach and elected the transition method that allows for application of the standard at the adoption date rather than at the beginning of the earliest comparative period presented in the financial statements. The Company also elected available practical expedients. Upon adoption, the Company recognized $67 million of additional assets and related liabilities on its combined balance sheet. The adoption of the new leasing guidance did not impact the Company’s combined statements of income or of cash flows.
In August 2018, the FASB issued new guidance modifying the disclosure requirements for employers that sponsor defined benefit pension or other postretirement plans. The new guidance removes disclosures that no longer are considered cost beneficial, clarifies the specific requirements of certain disclosures, and adds disclosure requirements identified as relevant. The Company elected to early adopt the new guidance in 2019 and has incorporated the new guidance into its employee benefit plan disclosures (see Note 12).
Also, in August 2018, the FASB issued new guidance on fair value measurements that adds, removes, and modifies certain disclosure requirements. The Company elected to early adopt the new guidance in 2019. There were no changes to the Company’s existing fair value disclosures upon adoption.
In June 2016, the FASB issued new guidance on the accounting for credit losses on financial instruments. The new guidance introduces an expected loss model for estimating credit losses, replacing the incurred loss model. The new guidance also changes the impairment model for available-for-sale debt securities, requiring the use of an allowance to record estimated credit losses (and subsequent recoveries). The Company adopted the new guidance effective January 1, 2020. There was no impact to the Company’s combined financial statements upon adoption.
In November 2018, the FASB issued new guidance for collaborative arrangements intended to reduce diversity in practice by clarifying whether certain transactions between collaborative arrangement participants should be accounted for under revenue recognition guidance. The Company adopted the new guidance effective January 1, 2020. There was no impact to the Company’s combined financial statements upon adoption.
In December 2019, the FASB issued amended guidance on the accounting and reporting of income taxes. The guidance is intended to simplify the accounting for income taxes by removing exceptions related to certain intraperiod tax allocations and deferred tax liabilities; clarifying guidance primarily related to evaluating the step-up tax basis for goodwill in a business combination; and reflecting enacted changes in tax laws or rates in the annual effective tax rate. The Company adopted the new guidance effective January 1, 2021. There was no impact to the Company’s combined financial statements upon adoption.
 
4.	Samsung Collaboration	
In 2013, Merck entered into an agreement with Samsung Bioepis Co., Ltd. (Samsung Bioepis) to develop and commercialize multiple pre-specified biosimilar candidates, which have since launched and are part of the Company’s product portfolio. Under the agreement, Samsung Bioepis is responsible for preclinical and clinical development, process development and manufacturing, clinical trials and registration of product candidates, and the Company has an exclusive license for worldwide commercialization with certain geographic exceptions specified on a product-by-product basis. The Company’s access rights to each product under the agreement last for 10 years from each product’s launch date on a market-by-market basis. Gross profits are shared equally in all markets with the exception of Brazil where gross profits are shared 65% to Samsung Bioepis and 35% to the Company. Since the Company is the principal on sales transactions with third parties, the Company recognizes sales, cost of sales and selling, general and administrative expenses on a gross basis. Generally, profit sharing adjustments are recorded either to Cost of sales (after commercialization) or Selling, general and administrative expenses (prior to commercialization).
 
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In addition to an upfront payment upon execution of the arrangement, Samsung Bioepis is eligible for additional payments associated with pre-specified clinical and regulatory milestones. Milestone payments made to Samsung Bioepis were $25 million in 2020 and $50 million in 2019. At December 31, 2020, potential future regulatory milestone payments of $25 million remain under the agreement.
Summarized information related to this collaboration is as follows:

	Years Ended December 31	  	2020	 	  	2019	 	  	2018	 	
Sales	  	$	330		  	$	252		  	$	64			
Cost of sales	  	 	208		  	 	152		  	 	40			
Selling, general and administrative	  	 	87		  	 	91		  	 	47			
					
	December 31	  	 	 	  	2020	 	  	2019	 	
Receivables from Samsung included in Other current assets	 	  	$	52		  	$	86			
Payables to Samsung included in Trade Accounts Payable	 	  	 	13		  	 	—  	 		
 
5.	Restructuring	
Certain of the Company’s operations have been affected by restructuring plans initiated by Merck. These restructuring plans include a global restructuring program approved in 2019 focused primarily on further optimizing Merck’s manufacturing and supply network and reducing its global real estate footprint. The Company’s operations were also affected by previous restructuring plans designed to streamline Merck’s cost structure, which included the elimination of positions in sales, administrative and headquarters organizations, as well as the sale or closure of certain manufacturing and research and development sites and the consolidation of office facilities.
The following table summarizes the charges directly attributed to the Organon Entities and the Transferring Entities as well as charges allocated to the Company related to these restructuring program activities by type of cost:

 	  	Separation
Costs	 	  	Accelerated
Depreciation	 	  	Other	 	  	Total	 	
Year Ended December 31, 2020	  				  				  				  				
Cost of sales	  	$	—  		  	$	—  		  	$	3		  	$	3		
Restructuring costs	  	 	33		  	 	—  	 	  	 	37		  	 	70		
	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
	  	$	33		  	$	—  		  	$	40		  	$	73		
	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
Year Ended December 31, 2019	  				  				  				  				
Cost of sales	  	$	—  		  	$	7		  	$	—  		  	$	7		
Restructuring costs	  	 	87		  	 	—  	 	  	 	14		  	 	101		
	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
	  	$	87		  	$	7		  	$	14		  	$	108		
	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
Year Ended December 31, 2018	  				  				  				  				
Cost of sales	  	$	—  		  	$	5		  	$	2		  	$	7		
Restructuring costs	  	 	86		  	 	—  	 	  	 	33		  	 	119		
	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
	  	$	86		  	$	5		  	$	35		  	$	126		
	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
Restructuring costs allocated to the Company were $58 million, $73 million and $96 million in 2020, 2019 and 2018, respectively. Separation costs are associated with actual headcount reductions made by Merck, as well as those headcount reductions which were probable and could be reasonably estimated. Other activity represents costs associated with facilities to be sold or closed including allocated accelerated depreciation expense for facilities retained by Merck, asset abandonment, shut-down and other related costs.
 
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The Company has recorded liabilities for costs associated with restructuring activities related to the Organon Entities and the Transferring Entities included primarily in Accrued and other current liabilities, which were $18 million and $10 million at December 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively.
 
6.	Financial Instruments	
Merck manages the impact of foreign exchange rate movements on its affiliates’ earnings, cash flows and fair values of assets and liabilities through operational means and through the use of various financial instruments, including derivative instruments. Merck has established revenue hedging and balance sheet risk management programs to protect against the volatility of future foreign currency cash flows and changes in fair value caused by volatility in exchange rates that the Company participates in. Accordingly, the combined statement of income includes the impact of Merck’s derivative financial instruments that is deemed to be associated with the Company’s operations and has been allocated to the Company utilizing a proportional allocation method. In 2020, the recognized amount allocated to Sales was de minimis. In 2019 and 2018, the Company recognized allocated net (gains) losses of $(73) million and $44 million, respectively, in Sales. In 2020, 2019 and 2018, the Company recognized allocated net losses (gains) of $52 million, $3 million and $(107) million, respectively, in Other (income) expense, net. Additionally, direct and allocated foreign currency transaction gains and losses included in Other (income) expense, net in 2020, 2019 and 2018 were net losses of $18 million, $61 million and $167 million, respectively.
Concentrations of Credit Risk
On an ongoing basis, the Company’s operations form part of Merck’s monitoring of concentrations of credit risk associated with corporate and government issuers of securities and financial institutions with which Merck conducts business. Credit exposure limits are established to limit a concentration with any single issuer or institution.
The majority of the Company’s accounts receivable arise from product sales in the United States, Europe and China and are primarily due from drug wholesalers and retailers, hospitals, government agencies, managed health care providers and pharmacy benefit managers. The Company’s customers with the largest accounts receivable balances are AAH Pharmaceuticals LTD (headquartered in the UK), McKesson Corporation, AmerisourceBergen Corporation, and Cardinal Health, Inc., which represented, in aggregate, approximately 30% of total accounts receivable at December 31, 2020. Bad debts have been minimal. The Company does not normally require collateral or other security to support credit sales.
Merck has accounts receivable factoring agreements with financial institutions in certain countries to sell accounts receivable. Merck factored $227 million and $488 million of accounts receivable related to the Company in the fourth quarter of 2020 and 2019, respectively, under these factoring arrangements, which reduced outstanding accounts receivable. The cash received from the financial institutions is reported within operating activities in the combined statement of cash flows.
 
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7.	Inventories	
Inventories at December 31 consisted of:

 	  	2020	 	  	2019	 	
Finished goods	  	$	409		  	$	463		
Raw materials and work in process	  	 	630		  	 	632		
Supplies	  	 	60		  	 	73		
	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
Total (approximates current cost)	  	 	1,099		  	 	1,168		
Decrease to LIFO cost	  	 	(1	) 	  	 	(4	) 	
	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
	  	$	1,098		  	$	1,164		
	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
Recognized as:	  				  				
Inventories	  	$	971		  	$	1,071		
Other assets	  	 	127		  	 	93		
Inventories valued under the LIFO method comprised $48 million and $62 million at December 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively. Amounts recognized as Other assets are comprised almost entirely of raw materials and work in process inventories not expected to be sold within one year.
 
8.	Other Intangibles	
Other intangibles at December 31 consisted of:

 	  	2020	 	  	2019	 	
 	  	Gross
Carrying
Amount	 	  	Accumulated
Amortization	 	  	Net	 	  	Gross
Carrying
Amount	 	  	Accumulated
Amortization	 	  	Net	 	
Products and product rights	  	$	24,159		  	$	23,787		  	$	372		  	$	24,159		  	$	23,715		  	$	444		
Licenses	  	 	201		  	 	70		  	 	131		  	 	176		  	 	51		  	 	125		
	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
	  	$	24,360		  	$	23,857		  	$	503		  	$	24,335		  	$	23,766		  	$	569		
	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
Acquired intangibles include products and products rights, and licenses, which are initially recorded at fair value, assigned an estimated useful life, and amortized on a straight-line basis over their estimated useful lives. At December 31, 2020, the Company’s most significant acquired intangible asset balance included in products and product rights above related to Nexplanon/Implanon, which had a net balance of $354 million. At December 31, 2020, the most significant amounts within licenses relate to capitalized milestone payments associated with the Samsung Bioepis collaboration (see Note 4), which had a net balance of $113 million in the aggregate.
Aggregate amortization expense recorded within Cost of sales was $85 million in 2020, $285 million in 2019 and $1.6 billion in 2018. The estimated aggregate amortization expense for each of the next five years is as follows: 2021, $83 million; 2022, $82 million; 2023, $78 million; 2024, $73 million; 2025, $73 million.
 
9.	Leases	
The Company has operating leases primarily for real estate. The Company determines if an arrangement is a lease at inception. When evaluating contracts for embedded leases, the Company exercises judgment to determine if there is an explicit or implicit identified asset in the contract and if the Company controls the use of that asset. Embedded leases, primarily associated with contract manufacturing organizations, are immaterial. The lease term includes options to extend or terminate the lease when it is reasonably certain that the Company will exercise that option. Real estate leases for facilities have an average remaining lease term of 6.8 years, which for
 
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one lease includes an option to extend for 5 years. The Company has made an accounting policy election not to record short-term leases (leases with an initial term of 12 months or less) on the balance sheet; however, the Company currently has no short-term leases.
Lease expense for operating lease payments is recognized on a straight-line basis over the term of the lease. Operating lease assets and liabilities are recognized based on the present value of lease payments over the lease term. Since most of the Company’s leases do not have a readily determinable implicit discount rate, the Company uses Merck’s incremental borrowing rate to calculate the present value of lease payments. On a quarterly basis, an updated incremental borrowing rate is determined based on the average remaining lease term of each asset class and Merck’s pretax cost of debt for that same term. The updated rates for each asset class are applied prospectively to new leases. The Company does not separate lease components (e.g. payments for rent, real estate taxes and insurance costs) from non-lease components (e.g. common-area maintenance costs) in the event that the agreement contains both. The Company includes both the lease and non-lease components for purposes of calculating the right-of-use asset and related lease liability (if the non-lease components are fixed). Direct and allocated operating lease cost was $49 million in 2020 and $57 million in 2019. Direct and allocated rental expense under operating leases for periods prior to the adoption of the new leasing guidance was $58 million in 2018.
Certain of the Company’s lease agreements contain variable lease payments that are adjusted periodically for inflation or for actual operating expense true-ups compared with estimated amounts; however, these amounts are immaterial. Sublease income is immaterial and there are no sale-leaseback transactions. The Company’s lease agreements do not contain any material residual value guarantees or material restrictive covenants.
Supplemental balance sheet information related to operating leases is as follows:

	December 31	  	2020	 	 	2019	 	
Assets	  				 					
Other Assets	  	$	91	 	 	$	82	 		
Liabilities	  				 					
Accrued and other current liabilities	  	 	20	 	 	 	14	 		
Other Noncurrent Liabilities	  	 	71	 	 	 	68	 		
	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 		
	  	$	91	 	 	$	82	 		
	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 		
Weighted-average remaining lease term (years)	  	 	6.8	 	 	 	8.3	 		
Weighted-average discount rate	  	 	2.7	% 	 	 	3.3	% 		
Maturities of operating leases liabilities are as follows:

2021	  	$	22		
2022	  	 	19		
2023	  	 	16		
2024	  	 	10		
2025	  	 	9		
Thereafter	  	 	23		
	  	 	 	 	
Total lease payments	  	 	99		
Less: Imputed interest	  	 	8		
	  	 	 	 	
	  	$	91		
	  	 	 	 	
At December 31, 2020, the Company had entered into real estate operating leases that had not yet commenced. The obligations associated with these leases total $280 million, of which $115 million relates to a lease for Organon’s corporate headquarters that will commence in March 2021 and has a lease term of 11 years.
 
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10.	Contingencies and Environmental Liabilities	
The Company is involved in various claims and legal proceedings of a nature considered normal to its business, including product liability, intellectual property, and commercial litigation, as well as certain additional matters including governmental and environmental matters. In the opinion of the Company, it is unlikely that the resolution of these matters will be material to the Company’s financial condition, results of operations or cash flows.
Given the nature of the litigation discussed below and the complexities involved in these matters, the Company is unable to reasonably estimate a possible loss or range of possible loss for such matters until the Company knows, among other factors, (i) what claims, if any, will survive dispositive motion practice, (ii) the extent of the claims, including the size of any potential class, particularly when damages are not specified or are indeterminate, (iii) how the discovery process will affect the litigation, (iv) the settlement posture of the other parties to the litigation and (v) any other factors that may have a material effect on the litigation.
The Company records accruals for contingencies when it is probable that a liability has been incurred and the amount can be reasonably estimated. These accruals are adjusted periodically as assessments change or additional information becomes available. For product liability claims, a portion of the overall accrual is actuarially determined and considers such factors as past experience, number of claims reported and estimates of claims incurred but not yet reported. Individually significant contingent losses are accrued when probable and reasonably estimable. Legal defense costs expected to be incurred in connection with a loss contingency are accrued when probable and reasonably estimable.
The Company’s decision to obtain insurance coverage is dependent on market conditions, including cost and availability, existing at the time such decisions are made. The Company has evaluated its risks and has determined that the cost of obtaining product liability insurance outweighs the likely benefits of the coverage that is available and, as such, has no insurance for most product liabilities.
Product Liability Litigation
Fosamax
Merck is a defendant in product liability lawsuits in the United States involving Fosamax (Fosamax Litigation). As of December 31, 2020, approximately 3,520 cases are pending against Merck in either federal or state court. Plaintiffs in the vast majority of these cases generally allege that they sustained femur fractures and/or other bone injuries (Femur Fractures) in association with the use of Fosamax.
All federal cases involving allegations of Femur Fractures have been or will be transferred to a multidistrict litigation in the District of New Jersey (Femur Fracture MDL). In the only bellwether case tried to date in the Femur Fracture MDL, Glynn v. Merck, the jury returned a verdict in Merck’s favor. In addition, in June 2013, the Femur Fracture MDL court granted Merck’s motion for judgment as a matter of law in the Glynn case and held that the plaintiff’s failure to warn claim was preempted by federal law.
In August 2013, the Femur Fracture MDL court entered an order requiring plaintiffs in the Femur Fracture MDL to show cause why those cases asserting claims for a femur fracture injury that took place prior to September 14, 2010, should not be dismissed based on the court’s preemption decision in the Glynn case. Pursuant to the show cause order, in March 2014, the Femur Fracture MDL court dismissed with prejudice approximately 650 cases on preemption grounds. Plaintiffs in approximately 515 of those cases appealed that decision to the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Third Circuit (Third Circuit). In March 2017, the Third Circuit issued a decision reversing the Femur Fracture MDL court’s preemption ruling and remanding the appealed cases back to the Femur Fracture MDL court. In May 2019, the U.S. Supreme Court decided that the Third Circuit had incorrectly concluded that the issue of preemption should be resolved by a jury, and accordingly vacated the judgment of the Third Circuit and remanded the proceedings back to the Third Circuit to address the issue in a
 
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manner consistent with the Supreme Court’s opinion. In November 2019, the Third Circuit remanded the cases back to the District Court in order to allow that court to determine in the first instance whether the plaintiffs’ state law claims are preempted by federal law under the standards described by the Supreme Court in its opinion. Briefing on the issue is closed, and the parties await the decision of the District Court.
Accordingly, as of December 31, 2020, approximately 970 cases were actively pending in the Femur Fracture MDL.
As of December 31, 2020, approximately 2,270 cases alleging Femur Fractures have been filed in New Jersey state court and are pending in a N.J. coordinated proceeding. The parties selected an initial group of cases to be reviewed through fact discovery, and Merck has continued to select additional cases to be reviewed.
As of December 31, 2020, approximately 275 cases alleging Femur Fractures have been filed and are pending in California state court. All of the Femur Fracture cases filed in California state court have been coordinated before a single judge in Orange County, California.
Additionally, there are four Femur Fracture cases pending in other state courts.
Discovery is presently stayed in the Femur Fracture MDL and in the state court in California.
Nexplanon/Implanon
Merck is a defendant in lawsuits brought by individuals relating to the use of Implanon and Nexplanon. In the United States, as of December 31, 2020, there were two filed product liability actions involving Implanon, both of which are pending in the Northern District of Ohio. In addition, there are 55 unfiled cases alleging similar injuries, which have been tolled under a written tolling agreement. There is one filed action related to Nexplanon in the United States seeking compensation for alleged injuries or medical bills involving complicated removals of Nexplanon. As of December 31, 2020, Merck had 21 cases pending outside the United States pertaining to insertion and removal related events, of which 15 relate to Implanon and six relate to Nexplanon.
Propecia/Proscar
Merck is a defendant in product liability lawsuits in the United States involving Propecia and/or Proscar. The lawsuits were filed in various federal courts and in state court in New Jersey. The federal lawsuits were then consolidated for pretrial purposes in a federal multidistrict litigation in the Eastern District of New York (the MDL), and Judge Brian Cogan now presides over these matters. The matters pending in state court in New Jersey were consolidated in Middlesex County (N.J. Coordinated Proceedings). Merck is also defending a Propecia matter in state court in Los Angeles, California.
In 2018, Merck and the Plaintiffs’ Executive Committee in the MDL and the Plaintiffs’ Liaison Counsel in the N.J. Coordinated Proceedings entered into an agreement to resolve the above mentioned Propecia/Proscar lawsuits for an aggregate amount of $4.3 million. The settlement was subject to certain contingencies, including 95% plaintiff participation and a per plaintiff clawback if the participation rate was less than 100%. The contingencies were satisfied and the settlement agreement has been finalized. At December 31, 2020, fewer than 10 cases remain pending in the United States. The Company is also defending 16 product liability cases outside the United States.
Vioxx
Merck Sharp & Dohme Farmaceutica Ltda. is a named defendant in product liability cases in Brazil alleging personal injury or economic loss as a result of the purchase or use of Vioxx, including two individual actions and seven putative class action proceedings. Organon will not be liable for the results of the Vioxx litigation.
 
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Governmental Proceedings
Merck’s subsidiaries in China have received and may continue to receive inquiries regarding their operations from various Chinese governmental agencies. Some of these inquiries may be related to matters involving other multinational pharmaceutical companies, as well as Chinese entities doing business with such companies. Merck’s policy is to cooperate with these authorities and to provide responses as appropriate.
From time to time, Merck’s subsidiaries receive inquiries and is the subject of preliminary investigation activities from competition and other governmental authorities in markets outside the United States. These authorities may include regulators, administrative authorities, and law enforcement and other similar officials, and these preliminary investigation activities may include site visits, formal or informal requests or demands for documents or materials, inquiries or interviews and similar matters. Certain of these preliminary inquiries or activities may lead to the commencement of formal proceedings. Should those proceedings be determined adversely to the Company, monetary fines and/or remedial undertakings may be required.
Commercial and Other Litigation
Zetia Antitrust Litigation
Merck, MSD, Schering Corporation and MSP Singapore Company LLC (collectively, the Merck Defendants) are defendants in putative class action and opt-out lawsuits filed in 2018 on behalf of direct and indirect purchasers of Zetia alleging violations of federal and state antitrust laws, as well as other state statutory and common law causes of action. The cases have been consolidated for pretrial purposes in a federal multidistrict litigation before Judge Rebecca Beach Smith in the Eastern District of Virginia. In December 2018, the court denied the Merck Defendants’ motions to dismiss or stay the direct purchaser putative class actions pending bilateral arbitration. In August 2019, the district court adopted in full the report and recommendation of the magistrate judge with respect to the Merck Defendants’ motions to dismiss on non-arbitration issues, thereby granting in part and denying in part Merck Defendants’ motions to dismiss. In addition, in June 2019, the representatives of the putative direct purchaser class filed an amended complaint and, in August 2019, retailer opt-out plaintiffs filed an amended complaint. In December 2019, the district court granted the Merck Defendants’ motion to dismiss to the extent the motion sought dismissal of claims for overcharges paid by entities that purchased generic ezetimibe from Par Pharmaceutical, Inc. (Par Pharmaceutical) and dismissed any claims for such overcharges. In November 2019, the direct purchaser plaintiffs and the indirect purchaser plaintiffs filed motions for class certification. On August 21, 2020, the district court granted in part the direct purchasers’ motion for class certification and certified a class of 35 direct purchasers, and on November 2, 2020, the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit granted the Merck Defendants’ motion for permission to appeal the district court’s order. Also, on August 14, 2020, the magistrate judge recommended that the court grant the motion for class certification filed by the putative indirect purchaser class. The Merck Defendants objected to this report and recommendation and are awaiting a decision from the district court.
On August 10, 2020, the Merck Defendants filed a motion for summary judgment and other motions, and plaintiffs filed a motion for partial summary judgment, and other motions. Those motions are now fully briefed, and the court will likely hold a hearing on the competing motions. Trial in this matter has been adjourned.
On September 4, 2020, United Healthcare Services, Inc. filed a lawsuit in the United States District Court for the District of Minnesota against Merck and others (the UHC Action). The UHC Action makes similar allegations as those made in the Zetia class action. On September 23, 2020, the United States Judicial Panel on Multidistrict Litigation transferred the case to the Eastern District of Virginia to proceed with the multidistrict Zetia litigation already in progress.
On December 11, 2020, Humana Inc. filed a lawsuit in the Superior Court of the State of California, County of San Francisco, against Merck and others, alleging defendants violated state antitrust laws in multiple states. Also, on December 11, 2020, Centene Corporation and others filed a lawsuit in the Superior Court of the State of
 
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California, County of San Francisco, against the same defendants as Humana. Both lawsuits allege similar anticompetitive acts to those alleged in the Zetia class action.
Organon will not be liable for the results of the Zetia Antitrust litigation.
Patent Litigation
From time to time, generic manufacturers of pharmaceutical products file abbreviated New Drug Applications (NDAs) with the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) seeking to market generic forms of the Company’s products prior to the expiration of relevant patents owned by the Company. To protect its patent rights, the Company may file patent infringement lawsuits against such generic companies. Similar lawsuits defending the Company’s patent rights may exist in other countries. The Company intends to vigorously defend its patents, which it believes are valid, against infringement by companies attempting to market products prior to the expiration of such patents. As with any litigation, there can be no assurance of the outcomes, which, if adverse, could result in significantly shortened periods of exclusivity for these products, potential payment of damages and legal fees, and, with respect to products acquired through acquisitions, potentially significant intangible asset impairment charges.
Nasonex — Nasonex lost market exclusivity in the United States in 2016. Prior to that, in April 2015, Merck filed a patent infringement lawsuit against Apotex Inc. and Apotex Corp. (Apotex) in respect of Apotex’s marketed product that Merck believed was infringing. In January 2018, Merck and Apotex settled this matter with Apotex agreeing to pay $115 million plus certain other consideration.
Nexplanon — In June 2017, Microspherix LLC (Microspherix) sued the Company in the U.S District Court for the District of New Jersey asserting that the manufacturing, use, sale and importation of Nexplanon infringed several of Microspherix’s patents that claim radio-opaque, implantable drug delivery devices. Microspherix is claiming damages from September 2014 until those patents expire in May 2021. The Company brought Inter Partes Review (IPR) proceedings in the United States Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO) and successfully stayed the district court action. The USPTO invalidated some, but not all, of the claims asserted against the Company. The Company appealed the decisions finding claims valid, and the Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit affirmed the USPTO’s decisions. The matter is no longer stayed in the district court, and the Company is currently litigating the invalidity and non-infringement of the remaining asserted claims.
Other Litigation
There are various other pending legal proceedings involving the Company, principally product liability and intellectual property lawsuits. While it is not feasible to predict the outcome of such proceedings, in the opinion of the Company, either the likelihood of loss is remote or any reasonably possible loss associated with the resolution of such proceedings is not expected to be material to the Company’s financial condition, results of operations or cash flows either individually or in the aggregate.
Legal Defense Reserves
Legal defense costs expected to be incurred in connection with a loss contingency are accrued when probable and reasonably estimable. Some of the significant factors considered in the review of these legal defense reserves are as follows: the actual costs incurred by the Company; the development of the Company’s legal defense strategy and structure in light of the scope of its litigation; the number of cases being brought against the Company; the costs and outcomes of completed trials and the most current information regarding anticipated timing, progression, and related costs of pre-trial activities and trials in the associated litigation. The amount of legal defense reserves as of December 31, 2020 and 2019 of approximately $35 million and $40 million, respectively, represents the Company’s best estimate of the minimum amount of defense costs to be
 
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incurred in connection with its outstanding litigation; however, events such as additional trials and other events that could arise in the course of its litigation could affect the ultimate amount of legal defense costs to be incurred by the Company. The Company will continue to monitor its legal defense costs and review the adequacy of the associated reserves and may determine to increase the reserves at any time in the future if, based upon the factors set forth, it believes it would be appropriate to do so.
Environmental Matters
In management’s opinion, the liabilities for all environmental matters that are probable and reasonably estimable have been accrued and totaled $24 million and $21 million at December 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively. These liabilities are undiscounted, do not consider potential recoveries from other parties and will be paid out over the periods of remediation for the applicable sites, which are expected to occur primarily over the next 15 years. Although it is not possible to predict with certainty the outcome of these matters, or the ultimate costs of remediation, management does not believe that any reasonably possible expenditures that may be incurred in excess of the liabilities accrued should exceed approximately $20 million in the aggregate. Management also does not believe that these expenditures should result in a material adverse effect on the Company’s financial condition, results of operations or liquidity for any year.
 
11.	Share-Based Compensation Plans	
Merck has share-based compensation plans under which it grants restricted stock units (RSUs) and performance share units (PSUs) to certain management level employees. In addition, employees and non-employee directors of Merck may be granted options to purchase shares of Merck’s common stock at the fair market value at the time of grant.
For the periods presented, since the Company operated together with other Merck businesses, the Company has determined that it is not practicable to specifically identify share-based compensation expense for Merck awards related to the Company’s employees. Accordingly, such expense, as well as expense related to Merck’s corporate and shared functional employees, has been allocated to the Company on a proportional cost allocation method, primarily based on revenue or directly identifiable costs, depending on the employee’s function. The amounts presented are not necessarily indicative of future awards and do not necessarily reflect the costs that the Company would have incurred as an independent company for the periods presented.
Total allocated share-based compensation expense and the associated income tax benefits recognized by the Company in the combined statement of income are as follows:

	Years Ended December 31	  	2020	 	  	2019	 	  	2018	 	
Share-based compensation expense	  	$	54		  	$	52		  	$	56			
Income tax benefits	  	 	11		  	 	11		  	 	12			
 
12.	Pension and Other Postretirement Benefit Plans	
The Organon Entities and the Transferring Entities are the plan sponsors for certain defined benefit pension plans and these combined financial statements reflect the periodic benefit costs and funded status of such plans. The Company uses December 31 as the year-end measurement date for these plans.
Further, Merck has defined benefit pension plans covering eligible employees in the United States and in certain of its international subsidiaries. Merck also provides medical benefits, principally to its eligible U.S. retirees and their dependents through its other postretirement benefit plans. Liabilities associated with these plans are not reflected in the Company’s combined balance sheet. The combined statement of income includes expense allocations for these benefits which were determined using a proportional allocation method. Total benefit plan expense allocated to the Company amounted to $55 million, $29 million and $42 million for the years ended 2020, 2019 and 2018, respectively.
 
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The following tables provide disclosures for pension plans of the Organon Entities and the Transferring Entities:
Net Periodic Benefit Cost
The net periodic benefit (credit) cost for pension plans consisted of the following components:

	Years Ended December 31	  	2020	 	  	2019	 	  	2018	 	
Service cost	  	$	36		  	$	28		  	$	30			
Interest cost	  	 	35		  	 	51		  	 	51			
Expected return on plan assets	  	 	(97	) 	  	 	(117	) 	  	 	(121	) 		
Amortization of unrecognized prior service cost	  	 	(3	) 	  	 	(2	) 	  	 	(3	) 		
Net loss amortization	  	 	18		  	 	9		  	 	15			
Settlements	  	 	2		  	 	—  	 	  	 	1			
	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 		
Net periodic benefit credit	  	$	(9	) 	  	$	(31	) 	  	$	(27	) 		
	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 		
The components of net periodic benefit (credit) cost other than the service cost component for the pension plans of the Organon Entities and the Transferring Entities are included in Other (income) expense, net (see Note 13).
Obligations and Funded Status
Summarized information about the changes in plan assets and benefit obligations, the funded status and the amounts recorded at December 31 is as follows:

 	  	2020	 	  	2019	 	
Fair value of plan assets January 1	  	$	2,864		  	$	2,433		
Actual return on plan assets	  	 	128		  	 	414		
Company contributions	  	 	34		  	 	27		
Effects of exchange rate changes	  	 	161		  	 	30		
Benefits paid	  	 	(46	) 	  	 	(43	) 	
Other	  	 	5		  	 	3		
Net transfer of plan assets to Merck affiliates	  	 	(2,710	) 	  	 	—  	 	
	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
Fair value of plan assets December 31	  	$	436		  	$	2,864		
	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
Benefit obligation January 1	  	$	2,746		  	$	2,326		
Service cost	  	 	36		  	 	28		
Interest cost	  	 	35		  	 	51		
Actuarial losses	  	 	207		  	 	363		
Benefits paid	  	 	(46	) 	  	 	(43	) 	
Effects of exchange rate changes	  	 	155		  	 	18		
Other	  	 	4		  	 	3		
Net transfer of benefit obligations to Merck affiliates	  	 	(2,646	) 	  	 	—  	 	
	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
Benefit obligation December 31	  	$	491		  	$	2,746		
	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
Funded status December 31	  	$	(55	) 	  	$	118		
	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
Recognized as:	  				  				
Other assets	  	$	—  		  	$	177		
Other Noncurrent Liabilities	  	 	(55	) 	  	 	(59	) 	
 
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During the fourth quarter of 2020, (i) certain Transferring Entities transferred net pension assets of $61 million, reflecting plan assets of $2.7 billion and benefit obligations of $2.6 billion from the Merck Retained Products business to Merck affiliates related to plan participants that will remain with the Parent, and (ii) $3 million of benefit obligations were contributed by Merck affiliates to the Organon Entities related to participants of Merck sponsored plans that were transferred to the Company in 2020.
At December 31, 2020 and 2019, the accumulated benefit obligation for the pension plans was $429 million and $1.1 billion, respectively. The decline in 2020 resulted primarily from the transfers noted above.
Information related to the funded status of selected pension plans at December 31 is as follows:

 	  	2020	 	  	2019	 	
Pension plans with a projected benefit obligation in excess of plan assets	  				  				
Projected benefit obligation	  	$	491		  	$	1,178		
Fair value of plan assets	  	 	435		  	 	1,118		
Pension plans with an accumulated benefit obligation in excess of plan assets	  				  				
Accumulated benefit obligation	  	$	54		  	$	45		
Fair value of plan assets	  	 	38		  	 	34		
Plan Assets
Entities are required to use a fair value hierarchy which maximizes the use of observable inputs and minimizes the use of unobservable inputs when measuring fair value. There are three levels of inputs used to measure fair value with Level 1 having the highest priority and Level 3 having the lowest.
Level 1 — Quoted prices (unadjusted) in active markets for identical assets or liabilities;
Level 2 — Observable inputs other than Level 1 prices, such as quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities, or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data for substantially the full term of the assets or liabilities;
Level 3 — Unobservable inputs that are supported by little or no market activity. The Level 3 assets are those whose values are determined using pricing models, discounted cash flow methodologies, or similar techniques with significant unobservable inputs, as well as instruments for which the determination of fair value requires significant judgment or estimation.
If the inputs used to measure the financial assets fall within more than one level described above, the categorization is based on the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement of the instrument.
 
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The fair values of the Company’s pension plan assets at December 31 by asset category are as follows:

 	  	Fair Value Measurements Using	 	  	Fair Value Measurements Using	 	
 	  	Level 1	 	  	Level 2	 	  	Level 3	 	  	Total	 	  	Level 1	 	  	Level 2	 	  	Level 3	 	  	Total	 	
 	  	2020	 	  	2019	 	
Cash and cash equivalents	  	$	—  		  	$	—  		  	$	—  		  	$	—  		  	$	4		  	$	—  		  	$	—  		  	$	4		
Investment funds	  				  				  				  				  				  				  				  				
Developed markets equities	  	 	—  	 	  	 	198		  	 	—  	 	  	 	198		  	 	—  	 	  	 	1,332		  	 	—  	 	  	 	1,332		
Government and agency obligations	  	 	—  	 	  	 	198		  	 	—  	 	  	 	198		  	 	—  	 	  	 	1,018		  	 	—  	 	  	 	1,018		
Emerging markets equities	  	 	—  	 	  	 	—  	 	  	 	—  	 	  	 	—  	 	  	 	—  	 	  	 	96		  	 	—  	 	  	 	96		
Fixed income securities	  				  				  				  				  				  				  				  				
Government and agency obligations	  	 	—  	 	  	 	5		  	 	—  	 	  	 	5		  	 	—  	 	  	 	—  	 	  	 	—  	 	  	 	—  	 	
Other investments	  				  				  				  				  				  				  				  				
Insurance contracts	  	 	—  	 	  	 	34		  	 	—  	 	  	 	34		  	 	—  	 	  	 	32		  	 	382		  	 	414		
Other	  	 	—  	 	  	 	1		  	 	—  	 	  	 	1		  	 	—  	 	  	 	—  	 	  	 	—  	 	  	 	—  	 	
	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
Plan assets at fair value	  	$	—  		  	$	436		  	$	—  		  	$	436		  	$	4		  	$	2,478		  	$	382		  	$	2,864		
	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
The targeted investment portfolio for the Company’s pension plans that are sponsored outside the United States varies based on the duration of pension liabilities and local government rules and regulations.
The table below provides a summary of the changes in fair value of all financial assets measured at fair value using significant unobservable inputs (Level 3) for the Company’s pension plan assets:

 	  	2020	 	  	2019	 	
 	  	Insurance
Contracts	 	  	Insurance
Contracts	 	
Balance January 1	  	$	382		  	$	357		
Actual return on plan assets still held at December 31	  	 	—  	 	  	 	42		
Purchases and sales, net	  	 	—  	 	  	 	(17	) 	
Transfer of plan assets to Merck affiliates	  	 	(382	) 	  	 	—  	 	
	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
Balance December 31	  	$	—  		  	$	382		
	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
Expected Contributions
Expected contributions during 2021 are approximately $15 million for the pension plans of the Organon Entities and the Transferring Entities.
Expected Benefit Payments
Expected benefit payments are follows: 2021, $1 million; 2022, $2 million; 2023, $4 million; 2024, $4 million; 2025, $3 million; 2026-2030, $32 million. Expected benefit payments are based on the same assumptions used to measure the benefit obligations and include estimated future employee service.
Amounts Recognized in Other Comprehensive Income
Net loss amounts reflect differences between expected and actual returns on plan assets as well as the effects of changes in actuarial assumptions. Net loss amounts in excess of certain thresholds are amortized into net periodic benefit cost over the average remaining service life of employees.
 
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	Years Ended December 31	  	2020	 	  	2019	 	  	2018	 	
Net loss arising during the period	  	$	(186	) 	  	$	(75	) 	  	$	(96	) 		
Prior service cost arising during the period	  	 	(1	) 	  	 	—  	 	  	 	(7	) 		
	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 		
	  	$	(187	) 	  	$	(75	) 	  	$	(103	) 		
	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 		
Net loss amortization included in benefit cost	  	$	18		  	$	9		  	$	15			
Prior service credit amortization included in benefit cost	  	 	(3	) 	  	 	(2	) 	  	 	(3	) 		
	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 		
	  	$	15		  	$	7		  	$	12			
	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 		
Actuarial Assumptions
The Company reassesses its benefit plan assumptions on a regular basis. The weighted average assumptions used in determining pension plan information are as follows:

	December 31	  	2020	 	 	2019	 	 	2018	 	
Net periodic benefit cost	  				 				 					
Discount rate	  	 	1.75	% 	 	 	2.51	% 	 	 	2.36	% 		
Expected rate of return on plan assets	  	 	4.35	% 	 	 	4.95	% 	 	 	5.40	% 		
Salary growth rate	  	 	2.22	% 	 	 	3.14	% 	 	 	3.13	% 		
Benefit obligation	  				 				 					
Discount rate	  	 	0.93	% 	 	 	1.63	% 	 	 	2.39	% 		
Salary growth rate	  	 	2.68	% 	 	 	3.03	% 	 	 	3.13	% 		
The discount rate is evaluated on measurement dates and modified to reflect the prevailing market rate of a portfolio of high-quality, fixed-income debt instruments that would provide the future cash flows needed to pay the benefits included in the benefit obligation as they come due. The expected rate of return represents the average rate of return to be earned on plan assets over the period the benefits included in the benefit obligation are to be paid and is determined on a plan basis. The expected rate of return for each plan is developed considering long-term historical returns data, current market conditions, and actual returns on the plan assets. Using this reference information, the long-term return expectations for each asset category and a weighted-average expected return for each plan’s target portfolio is developed according to the allocation among those investment categories. The expected portfolio performance reflects the contribution of active management as appropriate.
Savings Plan
Merck also maintains defined contribution savings plans in the United States, which the Company participates in. The Company matches a percentage of employees’ contributions. The amount allocated for total employer contributions in 2020, 2019, and 2018 was $18 million, $18 million, and $21 million, respectively, which is recognized as an expense in the combined statement of income.
 
13.	Other (Income) Expense, Net	
Other (income) expense, net, consisted of:

	Years Ended December 31	  	2020	 	  	2019	 	  	2018	 	
Interest income	  	$	(16	) 	  	$	(19	) 	  	$	(21	) 		
Interest expense	  	 	6		  	 	6		  	 	6			
Exchange losses	  	 	70		  	 	64		  	 	60			
Net periodic defined benefit plan credit other than service cost	  	 	(45	) 	  	 	(59	) 	  	 	(57	) 		
Cost reimbursements and fees to (from) Merck affiliates	  	 	22		  	 	19		  	 	(26	) 		
Other, net	  	 	(8	) 	  	 	(12	) 	  	 	(104	) 		
	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 		
	  	$	29		  	$	(1	) 	  	$	(142	) 		

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Other, net (as presented in the table above) in 2018 includes a gain of $115 million related to the settlement of certain patent litigation (see Note 10).
 
14.	Taxes on Income	
For purposes of these combined financial statements, income taxes have been calculated as if the Company filed income tax returns on a standalone basis. The Company believes the assumptions supporting its allocation and presentation of income taxes on a separate return basis are reasonable. One of these assumptions is that the Company on a standalone basis will not benefit from certain tax incentives that historically benefited Merck. However, the taxes recognized in the combined financial statements and resulting effective tax rates may not be reflective of the taxes that the Company expects to recognize in the future as a standalone entity.
A reconciliation between the effective tax rate and the U.S. statutory rate is as follows:

 	  	2020	 	 	2019	 	 	2018	 	
 	  	Amount	 	 	Tax Rate	 	 	Amount	 	 	Tax Rate	 	 	Amount	 	 	Tax Rate	 	
U.S. statutory rate applied to income before taxes	  	$	563		 	 	21.0	% 	 	$	747		 	 	21.0	% 	 	$	573		 	 	21.0	% 	
Differential arising from:	  				 				 				 				 				 				
Foreign earnings	  	 	(54	) 	 	 	(2.0	) 	 	 	(166	) 	 	 	(4.7	) 	 	 	(121	) 	 	 	(4.6	) 	
Tax settlements	  	 	—  	 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	(264	) 	 	 	(7.4	) 	 	 	(20	) 	 	 	(0.7	) 	
Amortization of intangible assets	  	 	12		 	 	0.4		 	 	22		 	 	0.6		 	 	116		 	 	4.3		
Other (1)	  	 	(1	) 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	(2	) 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	28		 	 	1.1		
	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
	  	$	520		 	 	19.4	% 	 	 	337		 	 	9.5	% 	 	 	576		 	 	21.1	% 	

 	(1) 	Other includes impact of the TCJA, state taxes, the tax effects of tax-deductible expenses and miscellaneous items.	
The Company’s remaining transition tax liability under the TCJA that was enacted in 2017, which has been reduced by payments, was $1.5 billion and $1.7 billion at December 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively. Of these amounts, $161 million is included in Income Taxes Payable at both December 31, 2020 and 2019, and the remainder of $1.3 billion and $1.5 billion at December 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively, is included in Other Noncurrent Liabilities. As a result of the TCJA, the Company has made a determination it is no longer indefinitely reinvested with respect to its previously taxed undistributed earnings from foreign subsidiaries and provided for a deferred tax liability for withholding taxes due upon future remittances, net of certain foreign income tax credits. The Company has continued to accrue for income taxes that will be due upon future remittances of undistributed foreign earnings in the amount of $79 million and $32 million as of December 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively, for withholding taxes due and taxable currency gains and losses, net of certain foreign income tax credits.
The tax effects of foreign earnings in the tax rate reconciliation above primarily reflect the effects of operations in jurisdictions with different tax rates than the United States thereby yielding a favorable impact on the effective tax rate compared with the U.S. statutory rate of 21%. Towards the end of 2020, a new reduced tax rate arrangement was agreed to in Switzerland for a newly active legal entity.
Income before taxes consisted of:

	Years Ended December 31	  	2020	 	  	2019	 	  	2018	 	
Domestic	  	$	528		  	$	516		  	$	414			
Foreign	  	 	2,152		  	 	3,039		  	 	2,315			
	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 		
	  	$	2,680		  	$	3,555		  	$	2,729			

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Taxes on income consisted of:

	Years Ended December 31	  	2020	 	  	2019	 	  	2018	 	
Current provision	  				  				  					
Federal	  	$	101		  	$	(164	) 	  	$	152			
Foreign	  	 	412		  	 	480		  	 	395			
State	  	 	1		  	 	(45	) 	  	 	(8	) 		
	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 		
	  	$	514		  	$	271		  	$	539			
	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 		
Deferred provision	  				  				  					
Federal	  	$	9		  	$	3		  	$	(44	) 		
Foreign	  	 	(4	) 	  	 	44		  	 	65			
State	  	 	1		  	 	19		  	 	16			
	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 		
	  	$	6		  	$	66		  	$	37			
	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 		
	  	$	520		  	$	337		  	$	576			
	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 		
Deferred income taxes at December 31 consisted of:

 	  	2020	 	  	2019	 	
 	  	Assets	 	  	Liabilities	 	  	Assets	 	  	Liabilities	 	
Product intangibles and licenses	  	$	24		  	$	—  	 	  	$	22		  	$	—  	 	
Inventory related	  	 	—  	 	  	 	10		  	 	—  	 	  	 	32		
Reserves and allowances	  	 	50		  	 	—  	 	  	 	41		  	 	—  	 	
Unrecognized tax benefits	  	 	18		  	 	—  	 	  	 	17		  	 	—  	 	
Unremitted foreign earnings	  	 	—  	 	  	 	79		  	 	—  	 	  	 	32		
Net operating losses and other tax credit carryforwards	  	 	72		  	 	—  	 	  	 	80		  	 	—  	 	
Other	  	 	43		  	 	—  	 	  	 	48		  	 	—  	 	
	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
Subtotal	  	 	207		  	 	89		  	 	208		  	 	64		
Valuation allowance	  	 	(81	) 	  				  	 	(86	) 	  				
	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
Total deferred taxes	  	$	126		  	$	89		  	$	122		  	$	64		
	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
Net deferred income taxes	  	$	37		  				  	$	58		  				
	  	 	 	 	  				  	 	 	 	  				
Recognized as:	  				  				  				  				
Other Assets	  	$	165		  				  	$	197		  				
Deferred Income Taxes	  				  	$	128		  				  	$	139		
The Company has recognized $67 million and $78 million of deferred taxes on net operating loss (NOL) carryforwards in Brazil as of December 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively. Valuation allowances of $81 million and $86 million have been established on these foreign NOL carryforwards and other deferred tax assets in Brazil as of December 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively. The Company has no NOL carryforwards relating to U.S. jurisdictions.
Income taxes paid in 2020, 2019 and 2018 were $391 million, $920 million and $678 million, respectively.
As of December 31, 2020 and 2019, the Company deferred the income tax consequences resulting from intra-entity transfers of inventory totaling $421 million and $657 million, respectively. These amounts are reflected in Other current assets.
 
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A reconciliation of the beginning and ending amount of unrecognized tax benefits is as follows:

 	  	2020	 	  	2019	 	  	2018	 	
Balance January 1	  	$	213		  	$	619		  	$	659		
Additions related to current year tax positions	  	 	15		  	 	12		  	 	29		
Additions related to prior year tax positions	  	 	23		  	 	4		  	 	3		
Reductions for tax positions of prior years (1)	  	 	(3	) 	  	 	(274	) 	  	 	(6	) 	
Settlements (1)	  	 	(19	) 	  	 	(140	) 	  	 	(49	) 	
Lapse of statute of limitations	  	 	(10	) 	  	 	(8	) 	  	 	(17	) 	
	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
Balance December 31	  	$	219		  	$	213		  	$	619		

 	(1)	Amounts in 2019 reflect the settlement with the IRS discussed below.	
If the Company were to recognize the unrecognized tax benefits of $219 million at December 31, 2020, the income tax provision would reflect a favorable net impact of $211 million.
The Company is part of Merck’s consolidated U.S. federal income tax return, as well as separate and combined Merck income tax returns in numerous state and international jurisdictions. Merck is under examination by numerous tax authorities in various jurisdictions globally. The Company believes that it is reasonably possible that the total amount of unrecognized tax benefits as of December 31, 2020 could decrease by up to $52 million in the next 12 months as a result of various audit closures, settlements or the expiration of the statute of limitations. The ultimate finalization of Merck’s examinations with relevant taxing authorities can include formal administrative and legal proceedings, which could have a significant impact on the timing of the reversal of unrecognized tax benefits. The Company believes that its reserves for uncertain tax positions are adequate to cover existing risks or exposures.
Interest and penalties associated with uncertain tax positions amounted to an expense (benefit) of $12 million in 2020, $(48) million in 2019 and $21 million in 2018. These amounts reflect the beneficial impacts of various tax settlements, including those discussed below. Liabilities for accrued interest and penalties were $68 million and $61 million as of December 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively.
In 2019, the Internal Revenue Service (IRS) concluded its examinations of Merck’s 2012-2014 U.S. federal income tax returns. As a result, the Company reflected a payment of $142 million in the combined financial statements. The Company’s reserves for unrecognized tax benefits for the years under examination exceeded the adjustments relating to this examination period and therefore the Company recorded a net tax benefit of $258 million in 2019. This net benefit reflects reductions in reserves for unrecognized tax benefits for tax positions relating to the years that were under examination, partially offset by additional reserves for tax positions not previously reserved for.
The IRS is currently conducting examinations of Merck’s tax returns for the years 2015 and 2016. In addition, various state and foreign tax examinations are in progress and for these jurisdictions, Merck’s income tax returns are open for examination for the period 2003 through 2020.
 
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15.	Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)	
Changes in Accumulated other comprehensive loss by component are as follows:

 	  	Employee
Benefit
Plans	 	  	Cumulative
Translation
Adjustment	 	  	Accumulated
Other
Comprehensive
Loss	 	
Balance January 1, 2018, net of taxes	  	$	(235	) 	  	$	(489	) 	  	$	(724	) 	
Other comprehensive income (loss), pretax	  	 	(91	) 	  	 	(125	) 	  	 	(216	) 	
Tax	  	 	32		  	 	—  	 	  	 	32		
	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of taxes	  	 	(59	) 	  	 	(125	) 	  	 	(184	) 	
	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
Balance at December 31, 2018, net of taxes	  	 	(294	) 	  	 	(614	) 	  	 	(908	) 	
	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
Other comprehensive income (loss), pretax	  	 	(68	) 	  	 	54		  	 	(14	) 	
Tax	  	 	8		  	 	—  	 	  	 	8		
	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of taxes	  	 	(60	) 	  	 	54		  	 	(6	) 	
	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
Balance at December 31, 2019, net of taxes	  	 	(354	) 	  	 	(560	) 	  	 	(914	) 	
Other comprehensive income (loss), pretax	  	 	(172	) 	  	 	(30	) 	  	 	(202	) 	
Tax	  	 	29		  	 	—  	 	  	 	29		
	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of taxes	  	 	(143	) 	  	 	(30	) 	  	 	(173	) 	
	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
Transfer of benefit plans to Merck affiliates	  	 	465		  	 	—  	 	  	 	465		
	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
Balance at December 31, 2020, net of taxes	  	$	(32	) 	  	$	(590	) 	  	$	(622	) 	
	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
During the fourth quarter of 2020, corresponding to the transfer of net pension assets of $61 million from the Merck Retained Products business of certain Transferring Entities to Merck affiliates, the Company derecognized the related amounts recognized in Other Comprehensive Income as Net transfers to Parent in the combined statement of equity.
 
16.	Segment Reporting	
The Company’s operations are principally managed on a products basis and include two operating segments, the Organon Products segment and the Merck Retained Products segment. The Organon Products segment is engaged in developing and delivering innovative health solutions through its portfolio of prescription therapies within women’s health, biosimilars and established brands. The Merck Retained Products segment reflects the results of the Transferring Entities with respect to other Merck products that will be retained by the Parent. For certain Transferring Entities that distributed the Merck Retained Products business to the Parent in the fourth quarter of 2020, the Merck Retained Products segment reflects results up to the date of distribution.
 
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Sales of the Company’s products were as follows:

	Years Ended December 31	  	2020	 	  	2019	 	  	2018	 	
 	  	U.S.	 	 	Int’l	 	  	Total	 	  	U.S.	 	  	Int’l	 	  	Total	 	  	U.S.	 	 	Int’l	 	  	Total	 		
Organon Products segment	  				 				  				  				  				  				  				 				  					
Women’s Health	  				 				  				  				  				  				  				 				  					
Nexplanon/Implanon	  	$	488		 	$	192		  	$	680		  	$	568		  	$	219		  	$	787		  	$	495		 	$	208		  	$	703			
NuvaRing	  	 	110		 	 	127		  	 	236		  	 	742		  	 	136		  	 	879		  	 	722		 	 	180		  	 	902			
Follistim AQ	  	 	84		 	 	109		  	 	193		  	 	103		  	 	138		  	 	241		  	 	115		 	 	153		  	 	268			
Orgalutran	  	 	11		 	 	69		  	 	81		  	 	25		  	 	86		  	 	112		  	 	48		 	 	93		  	 	141			
Cerazette	  	 	—  	 	 	 	67		  	 	67		  	 	—  	 	  	 	71		  	 	71		  	 	—  	 	 	 	90		  	 	90			
Biosimilars	  				 				  				  				  				  				  				 				  					
Renflexis	  	 	122		 	 	13		  	 	135		  	 	94		  	 	3		  	 	97		  	 	26		 	 	1		  	 	27			
Ontruzant	  	 	3		 	 	113		  	 	115		  	 	—  	 	  	 	83		  	 	83		  	 	—  	 	 	 	20		  	 	20			
Brenzys	  	 	—  	 	 	 	74		  	 	74		  	 	—  	 	  	 	72		  	 	72		  	 	—  	 	 	 	16		  	 	16			
Established Brands	  				 				  				  				  				  				  				 				  					
Cardiovascular	  				 				  				  				  				  				  				 				  					
Zetia	  	 	(1	) 	 	 	483		  	 	482		  	 	14		  	 	575		  	 	590		  	 	45		 	 	813		  	 	857			
Vytorin	  	 	12		 	 	171		  	 	182		  	 	16		  	 	269		  	 	285		  	 	10		 	 	487		  	 	497			
Atozet	  	 	—  	 	 	 	453		  	 	453		  	 	—  	 	  	 	391		  	 	391		  	 	—  	 	 	 	347		  	 	347			
Rosuzet	  	 	—  	 	 	 	130		  	 	130		  	 	—  	 	  	 	120		  	 	120		  	 	—  	 	 	 	58		  	 	58			
Cozaar/Hyzaar	  	 	21		 	 	365		  	 	386		  	 	24		  	 	418		  	 	442		  	 	23		 	 	431		  	 	453			
Zocor	  	 	2		 	 	75		  	 	77		  	 	6		  	 	107		  	 	112		  	 	5		 	 	116		  	 	121			
Respiratory	  				 				  				  				  				  				  				 				  					
Singulair	  	 	18		 	 	444		  	 	462		  	 	29		  	 	669		  	 	698		  	 	20		 	 	688		  	 	708			
Dulera	  	 	188		 	 	35		  	 	222		  	 	188		  	 	30		  	 	217		  	 	199		 	 	28		  	 	227			
Nasonex	  	 	12		 	 	206		  	 	218		  	 	9		  	 	284		  	 	293		  	 	23		 	 	353		  	 	376			
Clarinex	  	 	7		 	 	123		  	 	130		  	 	8		  	 	133		  	 	142		  	 	10		 	 	145		  	 	155			
Asmanex	  	 	75		 	 	8		  	 	83		  	 	84		  	 	10		  	 	94		  	 	100		 	 	13		  	 	113			
Non-Opioid Pain, Bone and Dermatology	  				 				  				  				  				  				  				 				  					
Arcoxia	  	 	—  	 	 	 	258		  	 	258		  	 	—  	 	  	 	288		  	 	288		  	 	—  	 	 	 	335		  	 	335			
Fosamax	  	 	4		 	 	176		  	 	180		  	 	9		  	 	188		  	 	197		  	 	4		 	 	205		  	 	209			
Diprospan	  	 	—  	 	 	 	118		  	 	118		  	 	—  	 	  	 	102		  	 	102		  	 	—  	 	 	 	102		  	 	102			
Diprosone	  	 	1		 	 	82		  	 	83		  	 	1		  	 	83		  	 	84		  	 	(1	) 	 	 	92		  	 	91			
Other	  				 				  				  				  				  				  				 				  					
Proscar	  	 	2		 	 	174		  	 	176		  	 	2		  	 	202		  	 	203		  	 	2		 	 	183		  	 	185			
Propecia	  	 	10		 	 	119		  	 	129		  	 	11		  	 	120		  	 	131		  	 	12		 	 	119		  	 	131			
Sinemet	  	 	(1	) 	 	 	78		  	 	77		  	 	1		  	 	78		  	 	79		  	 	4		 	 	98		  	 	102			
Remeron	  	 	2		 	 	61		  	 	64		  	 	3		  	 	79		  	 	82		  	 	2		 	 	130		  	 	132			
Other Organon Products segment (1)	  	 	232	 	 	 	807	 	  	 	1,041		  	 	60		  	 	826		  	 	885		  	 	131		 	 	793		  	 	926			
	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	  	 	 	 		
Total Organon Products segment sales	  	 	1,402	 	 	 	5,130	 	  	 	6,532		  	 	1,997		  	 	5,780		  	 	7,777		  	 	1,995		 	 	6,297		  	 	8,292			
	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	  	 	 	 		
Merck Retained Products Segment	  				 				  				  				  				  				  				 				  					
Keytruda	  	 	—  	 	 	 	529		  	 	529		  	 	—  	 	  	 	493		  	 	493		  	 	—  	 	 	 	309		  	 	309			
Januvia/Janumet	  	 	—  	 	 	 	76		  	 	76		  	 	—  	 	  	 	110		  	 	110		  	 	—  	 	 	 	113		  	 	113			
Gardasil/Gardasil 9	  	 	—  	 	 	 	52		  	 	52		  	 	—  	 	  	 	70		  	 	70		  	 	—  	 	 	 	63		  	 	63			
Zostavax	  	 	—  	 	 	 	50		  	 	50		  	 	—  	 	  	 	65		  	 	65		  	 	—  	 	 	 	76		  	 	76			
Simponi	  	 	—  	 	 	 	49		  	 	49		  	 	—  	 	  	 	69		  	 	69		  	 	—  	 	 	 	92		  	 	92			
Varivax	  	 	—  	 	 	 	1		  	 	1		  	 	—  	 	  	 	93		  	 	93		  	 	—  	 	 	 	19		  	 	19			
Supply sales to Merck affiliates	  	 	—  	 	 	 	542		  	 	542		  	 	—  	 	  	 	501		  	 	501		  	 	—  	 	 	 	432		  	 	432			
Other Merck Retained Products segment (1)	  	 	—  	 	 	 	265		  	 	265		  	 	—  	 	  	 	352		  	 	352		  	 	—  	 	 	 	381		  	 	381			
	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	  	 	 	 		
Total Merck Retained Products segment sales	  	 	—  	 	 	 	1,564		  	 	1,564		  	 	—  	 	  	 	1,753		  	 	1,753		  	 	—  	 	 	 	1,485		  	 	1,485			
	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	  	 	 	 		
	  	$	1,402	 	 	$	6,694	 	  	$	8,096		  	$	1,997		  	$	7,533		  	$	9,530		  	$	1,995		 	$	7,782		  	$	9,777			
	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	  	 	 	 		
U.S. plus international may not equal total due to rounding.
 
 	(1)	Includes sales of products not listed separately, revenue resulting from an arrangement for the sale of generic etonogestrel/ethinyl estradiol vaginal ring, allocated amounts from revenue hedging activities, and manufacturing sales to Merck and third parties.	
 
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Combined sales by geographic area where derived are as follows:

 	  	Organon
Products	 	  	Merck
Retained
Products	 	  	Total	 	  	Organon
Products	 	  	Merck
Retained
Products	 	  	Total	 	  	Organon
Products	 	 	Merck
Retained
Products	 	 	Total	 		
	Years Ended December 31	  	2020	 	  	2019	 	  	2018	 	
Europe, Middle East and Africa	  	$	2,092	 	  	$	1,000		  	$	3,092	 	  	$	2,222		  	$	1,149		  	$	3,371		  	$	2,707		 	$	1,031		 	$	3,738			
United States	  	 	1,402	 	  	 	—  	 	  	 	1,402	 	  	 	1,997		  	 	—  	 	  	 	1,997		  	 	1,995		 	 	—  	 	 	 	1,995			
Latin America	  	 	434		  	 	490		  	 	924		  	 	472		  	 	547	 	  	 	1,019		  	 	535		 	 	402		 	 	937			
China	  	 	873		  	 	—  	 	  	 	873		  	 	1,027		  	 	—  	 	  	 	1,027		  	 	908		 	 	—  	 	 	 	908			
Other Asia Pacific	  	 	774		  	 	74		  	 	848		  	 	816		  	 	42	 	  	 	858		  	 	888		 	 	55		 	 	943			
Japan	  	 	765	 	  	 	—  	 	  	 	765	 	  	 	1,015		  	 	—  	 	  	 	1,015		  	 	1,120		 	 	—  	 	 	 	1,120			
Canada	  	 	185	 	  	 	—  	 	  	 	185	 	  	 	170		  	 	—  	 	  	 	170		  	 	175		 	 	—  	 	 	 	175			
Other	  	 	7		  	 	—  	 	  	 	7		  	 	58		  	 	15		  	 	73		  	 	(36	) 	 	 	(3	) 	 	 	(39	) 		
	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 		
	  	$	6,532		  	$	1,564		  	$	8,096		  	$	7,777		  	$	1,753		  	$	9,530		  	$	8,292		 	$	1,485		 	$	9,777			
	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 		
Income Before Taxes by segment is as follows:

 	  	Organon
Products	 	  	Merck
Retained
Products	 	 	Total	 	  	Organon
Products	 	  	Merck
Retained
Products	 	 	Total	 	 	Organon
Products	 	 	Merck
Retained
Products	 	 	Total	 		
	Years Ended December 31	  	2020	 	  	2019	 	 	2018	 	
Sales	  	$	6,532		  	$	1,564		 	$	8,096		  	$	7,777		  	$	1,753		 	$	9,530		 	$	8,292		 	$	1,485		 	$	9,777			
Costs, Expenses and Other	  				  				 				  				  				 				 				 				 					
Cost of sales	  	 	2,119		  	 	1,228		 	 	3,347		  	 	2,274		  	 	1,347		 	 	3,621		 	 	3,541		 	 	1,152		 	 	4,693			
Selling, general and administrative	  	 	1,356		  	 	310		 	 	1,666		  	 	1,443		  	 	479		 	 	1,922		 	 	1,567		 	 	446		 	 	2,013			
Research and development	  	 	210		  	 	94		 	 	304		  	 	220		  	 	112		 	 	332		 	 	262		 	 	103		 	 	365			
Restructuring costs	  	 	60		  	 	10		 	 	70		  	 	78		  	 	23		 	 	101		 	 	108		 	 	11		 	 	119			
Other (income) expense, net	  	 	35		  	 	(6	) 	 	 	29		  	 	66		  	 	(67	) 	 	 	(1	) 	 	 	(51	) 	 	 	(91	) 	 	 	(142	) 		
	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 		
Income (Loss) Before Taxes	  	$	2,752		  	$	(72	) 	 	$	2,680		  	$	3,696		  	$	(141	) 	 	$	3,555		 	$	2,865		 	$	(136	) 	 	$	2,729			

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Interest income, interest expense and depreciation and amortization by segment is as follows:

 	  	Organon
Products	 	 	Merck
Retained
Products	 	 	Total	 	 	Organon
Products	 	  	Merck
Retained
Products	 	 	Total	 	 	Organon
Products	 	  	Merck
Retained
Products	 	 	Total	 		
	Years Ended December 31	  	2020	 	 	2019	 	 	2018	 	
Interest income	  	$	(1	) 	 	$	(15	) 	 	$	(16	) 	 	$	—  		  	$	(19	) 	 	$	(19	) 	 	$	—  		  	$	(21	) 	 	$	(21	) 		
Interest expense	  	 	1		 	 	5		 	 	6		 	 	—  	 	  	 	6		 	 	6		 	 	—  	 	  	 	6		 	 	6			
Depreciation and amortization	  	 	142		 	 	15		 	 	157		 	 	333		  	 	21		 	 	354		 	 	1,655		  	 	18		 	 	1,673			
Property, plant and equipment, net, by geographic area where located is as follows:

	December 31	  	2020	 	  	2019	 	  	2018	 	
Europe, Middle East and Africa	  	$	749		  	$	564		  	$	534			
North America	  	 	132		  	 	—  	 	  	 	—  	 		
Latin America	  	 	91		  	 	96		  	 	97			
Asia Pacific	  	 	23		  	 	19		  	 	18			
Other	  	 	3		  	 	1		  	 	2			
	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 		
	  	$	998		  	$	680		  	$	651			
	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 		
The Company does not disaggregate assets on a products and services basis for internal management reporting and, therefore, such information is not presented.
 
17.	Related Party Disclosures	
The Company has not historically operated as a standalone business and the combined financial statements are derived from the consolidated financial statements and accounting records of Merck. The following disclosure summarizes activity between the Company and Merck, including the affiliates of Merck that are not part of the planned spin-off.
Cost Allocations from Merck
Merck provides significant corporate, manufacturing, selling, marketing, administrative, research services and resources to the Company. Some of these services will continue to be provided by Merck to the Company on a temporary basis after the separation is completed under a transition services agreement. The combined financial statements reflect an allocation of these costs. See Note 2 for a discussion of these costs and the methodology used to allocate them.
These allocations are reflected in the combined statement of income as follows:

	Years Ended December 31	  	2020	 	  	2019	 	  	2018	 	
Cost of sales	  	$	466		  	$	528		  	$	453			
Selling, general and administrative	  	 	765		  	 	837		  	 	879			
Research and development	  	 	153		  	 	200		  	 	251			
	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 		
	  	$	1,384		  	$	1,565		  	$	1,583			
	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 		
Management believes these cost allocations are a reasonable reflection of the utilization of services provided to, or the benefit derived by, the Company during the periods presented. The allocations may not, however, be indicative of the actual expenses that would have been incurred had the Company operated as a
 
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standalone public company. Actual costs that may have been incurred if the Company had been a standalone public company would depend on a number of factors, including the chosen organizational structure, whether functions were outsourced or performed by Company’s employees, and strategic decisions made in areas such as manufacturing, selling and marketing, research and development, information technology and infrastructure.
Related Party Transactions
The Organon Entities and the Transferring Entities have entered into the following transactions with other Merck affiliates:

Years Ended December 31	  	2020	 	  	2019	 	  	2018	 	
Supply sales to Merck affiliates	  	$	599		  	$	501		  	$	432		
Purchases from Merck affiliates	  	 	1,039		  	 	1,087		  	 	923		
Interest expense, net, on loans and advances with Merck affiliates	  	 	2		  	 	3		  	 	2		
Cost reimbursements and fees from (to) Merck affiliates	  	 	22		  	 	19		  	 	(26	) 	
The Company had the following balances with Merck affiliates:

December 31	  	2020	 	  	2019	 	
Trade receivables, net	  	$	—  		  	$	32		
Less: Short term borrowings, net	  	 	—  	 	  	 	(19	) 	
	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
Due from related party	  	$	—  		  	$	13		

									
December 31	  	2020	 	  	2019	 	
Short term borrowings, net	  	$	1,266		  	$	—  		
Short term loans and notes payable, net	  	 	25		  	 	34		
Less: Trade receivables, net	  	 	(141	) 	  	 	—  	 	
	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
Due to related party	  	$	1,150		  	$	34		

									
December 31	  	2020	 	  	2019	 	
Related Party Loans Payable	  	$	—  		  	$	70		
Short term borrowings, net, reflects balances from temporary cash transfers between the Company and Merck affiliates under Merck’s centralized cash management that are held in Organon Entities and the Transferring Entities, and as of December 31, 2020, primarily represent balances resulting from transfers between Organon Entities, the Transferring Entities and Merck affiliates during the fourth quarter of 2020 (see Note 2) that will be settled between the entities prior to the completion of the spin-off.
 
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Net Transfers to Parent
Net transfers to Parent are included within Net investment from Parent in the combined statement of equity and within financing activities in the combined statement of cash flows and represent the net effect of transactions between the Company and Merck. The components of net transfers to Parent are as follows:

Years Ended December 31	  	2020	 	  	2019	 	  	2018	 	
Cash pooling and general financing activities	  	$	5,107		  	$	4,845		  	$	6,332		
Cost allocations, excluding non-cash share-based compensation	  	 	(1,330	) 	  	 	(1,513	) 	  	 	(1,527	) 	
Taxes deemed settled with the Parent	  	 	(384	) 	  	 	(825	) 	  	 	(645	) 	
Allocated derivative and hedging (losses) gains	  	 	(53	) 	  	 	70		  	 	63		
	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
Net transfers to Parent as reflected in the Combined Statement of Cash Flows	  	 	3,340		  	 	2,577		  	 	4,223		
	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
Share-based compensation expense	  	 	(54	) 	  	 	(52	) 	  	 	(56	) 	
Net assets distributed to Merck affiliates	  	 	250		  	 	—  	 	  	 	—  	 	
Derecognition of amounts recognized in Accumulated other comprehensive loss related to employee benefit plan transfers to Merck affiliates	  	 	465		  	 	—  	 	  	 	—  	 	
	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
Net transfers to Parent as reflected in the Combined Statement of Equity	  	$	4,001		  	$	2,525		  	$	4,167		
	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
During the fourth quarter of 2020, transfers between the Organon Entities, the Transferring Entities and Merck affiliates were recognized in Net transfers to Parent in the combined statement of equity at Merck’s historical cost (see Note 2) and consisted of (i) the distribution of assets related to the Merck Retained Products business from the Transferring Entities to Merck affiliates, including property, plant and equipment, net, of $100 million, net pension assets of $61 million, inventories of $135 million and other noncurrent assets of $160 million, partially offset by (ii) the contribution of assets and liabilities related to the Organon Products business from Merck affiliates to Organon Entities, including property, plant and equipment, net, of $198 million historically operated by Transferring Entities and other assets, net, of $8 million.
 
18.	Subsequent Events	
These combined financial statements were derived from the financial statements of Merck, which issued its annual financial statements for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2020 on February 25, 2021. Accordingly, the Company has evaluated transactions for consideration as recognized subsequent events in these financial statements through the date of February 25, 2021. Additionally, the Company has evaluated transactions that occurred through March 17, 2021, the date these financial statements were available for issuance, for the purposes of unrecognized subsequent events.
 
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