UNITY SOFTWARE INC., 10-Q filed on 5/7/2025
Quarterly Report
v3.25.1
Cover - shares
3 Months Ended
Mar. 31, 2025
Apr. 30, 2025
Cover [Abstract]    
Document Type 10-Q  
Document Quarterly Report true  
Document Period End Date Mar. 31, 2025  
Document Transition Report false  
Entity File Number 001-39497  
Entity Registrant Name UNITY SOFTWARE INC.  
Entity Incorporation, State or Country Code DE  
Entity Tax Identification Number 27-0334803  
Entity Address, Address Line One 116 New Montgomery Street  
Entity Address, City or Town San Francisco  
Entity Address, State or Province CA  
Entity Address, Postal Zip Code 94105-3607  
City Area Code 415  
Local Phone Number 638-9950  
Title of 12(b) Security Common stock, $0.000005 par value  
Trading Symbol U  
Security Exchange Name NYSE  
Entity Current Reporting Status Yes  
Entity Interactive Data Current Yes  
Entity Filer Category Large Accelerated Filer  
Entity Small Business false  
Entity Emerging Growth Company false  
Entity Shell Company false  
Entity Common Stock, Shares Outstanding   415,694,628
Amendment Flag false  
Document Fiscal Year Focus 2025  
Document Fiscal Period Focus Q1  
Entity Central Index Key 0001810806  
Current Fiscal Year End Date --12-31  
v3.25.1
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS - USD ($)
$ in Thousands
Mar. 31, 2025
Dec. 31, 2024
Current assets:    
Cash and cash equivalents $ 1,541,170 $ 1,517,672
Accounts receivable, net 552,958 573,884
Prepaid expenses and other 144,514 133,795
Total current assets 2,238,642 2,225,351
Property and equipment, net 89,972 98,819
Goodwill 3,166,304 3,166,304
Intangible assets, net 980,584 1,066,235
Other assets 170,453 180,698
Total assets 6,645,955 6,737,407
Current liabilities:    
Accounts payable 16,538 13,948
Accrued expenses and other 273,444 294,951
Publisher payables 339,129 394,284
Deferred revenue 188,490 186,304
Total current liabilities 817,601 889,487
Convertible notes 2,232,143 2,238,922
Long-term deferred revenue 14,710 16,846
Other long-term liabilities 154,863 165,004
Total liabilities 3,219,317 3,310,259
Commitments and Contingencies (Note 7)
Redeemable noncontrolling interests 234,740 230,627
Stockholders' equity:    
Common stock, $0.000005 par value: Authorized shares - 1,000,000 and 1,000,000 Issued and outstanding shares - 415,406 and 409,393 2 2
Additional paid-in capital 7,008,134 6,936,038
Accumulated other comprehensive loss (8,501) (9,425)
Accumulated deficit (3,813,586) (3,735,944)
Total Unity Software Inc. stockholders' equity 3,186,049 3,190,671
Noncontrolling interest 5,849 5,850
Total stockholders' equity 3,191,898 3,196,521
Total liabilities and stockholders' equity $ 6,645,955 $ 6,737,407
v3.25.1
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS (Parenthetical) - $ / shares
Mar. 31, 2025
Dec. 31, 2024
Statement of Financial Position [Abstract]    
Common stock, par value (USD per share) $ 0.000005 $ 0.000005
Common stock, authorized (in shares) 1,000,000,000 1,000,000,000
Common stock, issued (in shares) 415,406,000 409,393,000
Common stock, outstanding (in shares) 415,406,000 409,393,000
v3.25.1
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS - USD ($)
shares in Thousands, $ in Thousands
3 Months Ended
Mar. 31, 2025
Mar. 31, 2024
Income Statement [Abstract]    
Revenue $ 435,000 $ 460,380
Cost of revenue 113,957 144,387
Gross profit 321,043 315,993
Operating expenses    
Research and development 220,625 282,728
Sales and marketing 162,013 230,625
General and administrative 66,340 177,569
Total operating expenses 448,978 690,922
Loss from operations (127,935) (374,929)
Interest expense (5,891) (6,035)
Interest income and other income (expense), net 58,111 76,643
Loss before income taxes (75,715) (304,321)
Provision for (benefit from) Income taxes 2,192 (12,843)
Net loss (77,907) (291,478)
Net loss attributable to noncontrolling interest and redeemable noncontrolling interests (265) (404)
Net loss attributable to Unity Software Inc. $ (77,642) $ (291,074)
Basic net loss per share attributable to Unity Software Inc. (USD per share) $ (0.19) $ (0.75)
Diluted net loss per share attributable to Unity Software Inc. (USD per share) $ (0.19) $ (0.75)
Weighted-average shares used in computation of basic net loss per share (in shares) 411,852 387,151
Weighted-average shares used in computation of diluted net loss per share (in shares) 411,852 387,151
v3.25.1
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE LOSS - USD ($)
$ in Thousands
3 Months Ended
Mar. 31, 2025
Mar. 31, 2024
Statement of Comprehensive Income [Abstract]    
Net loss $ (77,907) $ (291,478)
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of taxes:    
Change in foreign currency translation adjustment 1,178 (3,461)
Other comprehensive income (loss) 1,178 (3,461)
Comprehensive loss (76,729) (294,939)
Net loss attributable to noncontrolling interest and redeemable noncontrolling interests (265) (404)
Foreign currency translation attributable to noncontrolling interest and redeemable noncontrolling interests 254 (710)
Comprehensive loss attributable to noncontrolling interest and redeemable noncontrolling interests (11) (1,114)
Comprehensive loss attributable to Unity Software Inc. $ (76,718) $ (293,825)
v3.25.1
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY - USD ($)
$ in Thousands
Total
Unity Software Inc. Stockholders' Equity
Common Stock
Additional Paid-In Capital
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss
Accumulated Deficit
Noncontrolling Interest
[1]
Beginning balance (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2023     384,871,561        
Beginning balance at Dec. 31, 2023 $ 3,188,581 $ 3,182,642 $ 2 $ 6,259,479 $ (5,009) $ (3,071,830) $ 5,939
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]              
Issuance of common stock from employee equity plans (in shares)     2,511,920        
Issuance of common stock from employee equity plans 25,997 25,997   25,997      
Issuance of common stock for settlement of RSUs (in shares)     3,013,449        
Stock‑based compensation expense 269,288 269,288   269,288      
Net loss (291,102) (291,074)       (291,074) (28)
Adjustments to redeemable noncontrolling interest 23 23   23      
Other comprehensive income (loss) (2,799) (2,751)     (2,751)   (48)
Ending balance (in shares) at Mar. 31, 2024     390,396,930        
Ending balance at Mar. 31, 2024 $ 3,189,988 3,184,125 $ 2 6,554,787 (7,760) (3,362,904) 5,863
Beginning balance (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2024 409,393,000   409,392,524        
Beginning balance at Dec. 31, 2024 $ 3,196,521 3,190,671 $ 2 6,936,038 (9,425) (3,735,944) 5,850
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]              
Issuance of common stock from employee equity plans (in shares) 2,272,956   2,966,829        
Issuance of common stock from employee equity plans $ 21,611 21,611   21,611      
Issuance of common stock for settlement of RSUs (in shares)     3,047,139        
Purchase of capped calls (44,436) (44,436)   (44,436)      
Stock‑based compensation expense 99,044 99,044   99,044      
Net loss (77,660) (77,642)       (77,642) (18)
Adjustments to redeemable noncontrolling interest (4,123) (4,123)   (4,123)      
Other comprehensive income (loss) $ 941 924     924   17
Ending balance (in shares) at Mar. 31, 2025 415,406,000   415,406,492        
Ending balance at Mar. 31, 2025 $ 3,191,898 $ 3,186,049 $ 2 $ 7,008,134 $ (8,501) $ (3,813,586) $ 5,849
[1]
(1)    Excludes redeemable noncontrolling interests.
v3.25.1
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS - USD ($)
$ in Thousands
3 Months Ended
Mar. 31, 2025
Mar. 31, 2024
Operating activities    
Net loss $ (77,907) $ (291,478)
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash provided by (used in) operating activities:    
Depreciation and amortization 96,217 101,810
Stock-based compensation expense 98,790 265,877
Gain on repayment of convertible note (42,744) (61,371)
Impairment of property and equipment 3,470 13,598
Other (218) 2,918
Changes in assets and liabilities, net of effects of acquisitions:    
Accounts receivable, net 21,022 (9,740)
Prepaid expenses and other (10,602) (16,779)
Other assets 10,023 (2,399)
Accounts payable 2,198 5,273
Accrued expenses and other (21,029) (4,269)
Publisher payables (55,155) 25,558
Other long-term liabilities (10,919) (23,584)
Deferred revenue (120) (12,787)
Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities 13,026 (7,373)
Investing activities    
Purchases of property and equipment (5,718) (7,190)
Net cash used in investing activities (5,718) (7,190)
Financing activities    
Proceeds from issuance of convertible notes 690,000 0
Purchase of capped calls (44,436) 0
Payment of debt issuance costs (13,236) 0
Repayments of convertible note (641,691) (414,999)
Proceeds from issuance of common stock from employee equity plans 21,611 25,998
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities 12,248 (389,001)
Effect of foreign exchange rate changes on cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash 4,197 (6,202)
Increase (decrease) in cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash 23,753 (409,766)
Cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash, beginning of period 1,527,881 1,604,267
Cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash, end of period 1,551,634 1,194,501
Supplemental disclosure of cash flow information:    
Cash paid for (refunded from) income taxes, net (1,736) 11,041
Cash paid for operating leases 10,433 13,540
Supplemental disclosures of non‑cash investing and financing activities:    
Assets acquired under operating lease $ 22 $ 9,273
v3.25.1
Accounting Policies
3 Months Ended
Mar. 31, 2025
Accounting Policies [Abstract]  
Accounting Policies Accounting Policies
Basis of Presentation and Consolidation
We prepared the accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements in accordance with United States ("U.S.") generally accepted accounting principles ("GAAP") and applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission ("SEC") for interim financial reporting. The condensed consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Unity Software Inc., its wholly owned subsidiaries, and entities consolidated under the voting interest model. We have eliminated all intercompany balances and transactions. Certain information and footnote disclosures normally included in the financial statements prepared in accordance with GAAP have been condensed or omitted pursuant to such rules and regulations. In our opinion, all adjustments, which include normal recurring adjustments necessary for a fair presentation, have been included. The results of operations for the periods presented are not necessarily indicative of the results to be expected for the full year or other periods. The unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements and notes included in our 2024 Annual Report on Form 10-K.
Use of Estimates
The preparation of condensed consolidated financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make certain estimates, judgments, and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements, as well as the reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates, and such differences could be material to our financial position and results of operations.
Employee Separation and Restructuring Costs
In the three months ended March 31, 2025, we incurred incremental employee separation costs of approximately $14 million, primarily within sales and marketing and research and development. In the three months ended March 31, 2024, we incurred incremental employee separation costs of approximately $193 million, which included $126 million of incremental stock-based compensation. Of the incremental employee separation costs we incurred in the three months ended March 31, 2024, $15 million are within cost of revenue, $43 million are within research and development, $47 million are within sales and marketing, and $88 million are within general and administrative. Additionally, for the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024, we incurred $6 million and $19 million, respectively, of other restructuring costs, primarily related to office closures.
v3.25.1
Revenue
3 Months Ended
Mar. 31, 2025
Revenue from Contract with Customer [Abstract]  
Revenue Revenue
The following table presents our revenue disaggregated by source, which also have similar economic characteristics (in thousands):
Three Months Ended March 31,
20252024
Create Solutions150,378 163,670 
Grow Solutions284,622 296,710 
Total revenue$435,000 $460,380 
The following table presents our revenue disaggregated by geography, based on the invoice address of our customers (in thousands):
Three Months Ended March 31,
20252024
United States$126,288 $139,119 
Greater China (1)
65,202 59,690 
EMEA (2)
152,500 166,770 
APAC (3)
80,081 84,036 
Other Americas (4)
10,929 10,765 
Total revenue$435,000 $460,380 
(1)    Greater China includes China, Hong Kong, and Taiwan.
(2)    Europe, the Middle East, and Africa ("EMEA")
(3)    Asia-Pacific, excluding Greater China ("APAC")
(4)    Canada and Latin America ("Other Americas")
Accounts Receivable, Net
Accounts receivable are recorded at the original invoiced amount, net of allowances for uncollectible amounts. We estimate losses on uncollectible amounts based on expected losses, including our historical experience of actual losses. The estimated losses on uncollectible amounts are recorded in general and administrative expense on our condensed consolidated statements of operations. As of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, the allowance for uncollectible amounts was $15.6 million and $17.3 million, respectively. For the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024, the provision for uncollectible amounts was $0.5 million and $1.8 million, respectively.
Sales Commissions
Sales commissions that have a benefit beyond one year are capitalized and amortized on a straight-line method over the expected period of benefit, which is generally three years. As of March 31, 2025, capitalized commissions, net of amortization, included in prepaid expenses and other and other assets were $6.2 million and $4.5 million, respectively. As of December 31, 2024, capitalized commissions, net of amortization, included in prepaid expenses and other and other assets were $6.5 million and $5.4 million, respectively.
During the three months ended March 31, 2025, we recorded amortization costs of $1.9 million in sales and marketing expenses, as compared to $2.4 million during the three months ended March 31, 2024. We did not incur any impairment losses for the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024.
Contract Balances and Remaining Performance Obligations
Contract assets (unbilled receivables), primarily included in accounts receivable, net, are recorded when revenue is earned in advance of customer billing schedules. Unbilled receivables totaled $20.3 million and $20.5 million as of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively. The long term portion of those unbilled receivables was included in other long-term assets on our consolidated balance sheets, and was not material as of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024.
Contract liabilities (deferred revenue) relate to payments received in advance of performance under the contract. Revenue recognized during the three months ended March 31, 2025 that was included in the deferred revenue balances at January 1, 2025 was $78.7 million.
Additionally, we have performance obligations associated with commitments in customer contracts to perform in the future that had not yet been recognized in our consolidated financial statements. For contracts with original terms that exceed one year, those commitments not yet recognized as of March 31, 2025, were $309 million and relate primarily to Create Solutions subscriptions, Enterprise Support, and
Strategic Partnerships. These commitments generally extend over the next one to five years and we expect to recognize approximately $166 million or 54% of this revenue during the next 12 months.
v3.25.1
Financial Instruments
3 Months Ended
Mar. 31, 2025
Investments, Debt and Equity Securities [Abstract]  
Financial Instruments Financial Instruments
Cash, Cash Equivalents, and Restricted Cash
Cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash are recorded at fair value. Fair value is defined as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. To increase the comparability of fair value measures, the following hierarchy prioritizes the inputs to valuation methodologies used to measure fair value:
Level 1—Valuations based on quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.
Level 2—Valuations based on quoted prices for similar assets and liabilities in active markets or inputs that are observable for the assets or liabilities, either directly or indirectly through market corroboration.
Level 3—Valuations based on unobservable inputs reflecting our own assumptions used to measure assets and liabilities at fair value. These valuations require significant judgment.
The following table summarizes, by major security type, our cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash that are measured at fair value on a recurring basis and are categorized using the fair value hierarchy (in thousands):
March 31, 2025December 31, 2024
Fair Value (1)
Cash$932,674 $995,802 
Level 1:
Restricted cash and cash equivalents:
Restricted cash$10,464 $10,209 
Money market funds362,768 327,333 
Time deposits245,728 194,537 
Total restricted cash and cash equivalents$618,960 $532,079 
Total cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash$1,551,634 $1,527,881 
(1)    Due to the highly liquid nature of our investments, amortized cost approximates fair value.
Nonrecurring Fair Value Measurements
We hold equity investments in certain unconsolidated entities without a readily determinable fair value. These strategic investments represent less than a 20% ownership interest in each of the entities, and we do not have significant influence over or control of the entities. We use the measurement alternative to account for adjustments to these investments for observable transactions for the same or similar investments of the same issuer in any given quarter. If we determine an impairment has occurred, the investment is written down to the estimated fair value. As of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, such equity investments totaled $33.0 million. No material adjustments to the carrying value of these equity investments were recorded for the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024.
v3.25.1
Investment in Unity China
3 Months Ended
Mar. 31, 2025
Noncontrolling Interest [Abstract]  
Investment in Unity China Investment in Unity China
The results of Unity China, of which third-party investors hold a 20.5% ownership interest, are included in our condensed consolidated financial statements. Under certain conditions we may be required to repurchase the third-party interest in Unity China. The redeemable noncontrolling interests in Unity China are recorded as temporary equity on our condensed consolidated balance sheet.
The following table presents the changes in redeemable noncontrolling interests (in thousands):
Three Months Ended March 31,
20252024
Balance at beginning of period$230,627 $225,797 
Net gain/(loss) attributable to redeemable noncontrolling interests(247)(376)
Accretion for redeemable noncontrolling interests3,035 3,075 
Foreign currency translation and foreign exchange adjustments for redeemable noncontrolling interests1,325 (3,760)
Balance at end of period$234,740 $224,736 
v3.25.1
Leases
3 Months Ended
Mar. 31, 2025
Leases [Abstract]  
Leases Leases
We have operating leases for offices, which have remaining lease terms of up to eight years.
Components of lease expense were as follows (in thousands):
Three Months Ended March 31,
20252024
Operating lease expense$7,428 $10,253 
Variable lease expense1,273 1,721 
Sublease income(697)(244)
Total lease expense$8,004 $11,730 
Supplemental balance sheet information related to leases was as follows (in thousands, except weighted-average figures):
As of
ClassificationMarch 31, 2025December 31, 2024
Operating lease assetsOther assets$71,976 $78,562 
Current operating lease liabilitiesAccrued expenses and other$31,289 $33,703 
Long-term operating lease liabilitiesOther long-term liabilities75,333 81,093 
Total operating lease liabilities$106,622 $114,796 
As of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, our operating leases had a weighted-average remaining lease term of 4.2 years and 4.3 years, respectively, and a weighted-average discount rate of 5.5% and 5.4%, respectively. During the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024, we recorded $0.3 million, and $3.7 million, respectively, of impairment charges on operating lease assets, primarily within general and administrative.
As of March 31, 2025, our lease liabilities were as follows (in thousands):
Operating Leases
Gross lease liabilities$119,424 
Less: imputed interest12,802 
Present value of lease liabilities$106,622 
As of March 31, 2025, we have entered into leases that have not yet commenced with future minimum lease payments of $7.3 million which are not yet reflected on our consolidated balance sheet. These operating leases will commence in 2025 with lease terms of approximately one to seven years.
v3.25.1
Borrowings
3 Months Ended
Mar. 31, 2025
Debt Disclosure [Abstract]  
Borrowings Borrowings
Convertible Notes
In February 2025, we issued an aggregate of $690 million principal amount of 0% Convertible Senior Notes due 2030 (the "2030 Notes"). Proceeds from the issuance of the 2030 Notes were $677 million, net of debt issuance costs and the cash was used to purchase capped call transactions, and repurchase convertible notes as discussed below. The debt issuance costs are amortized to interest expense using the straight-line method, which approximates the effective interest method.
As of March 31, 2025, we had $2.2 billion of unsecured convertible notes outstanding including $690 million of the 2030 Notes, $1.0 billion issued in November 2022 (the "2027 Notes"), $558 million issued in November 2021 (the "2026 Notes", together with the 2027 Notes and 2030 Notes, the "Notes"). The table below summarizes the principal and unamortized debt issuance costs and other material features of the Notes (in thousands):
Carrying Amount as of
Conversion Rate per
$1,000 Principal
Conversion Price (1)
MaturitiesStated Interest RatesMarch 31, 2025December 31, 2024
Convertible notes:
Principal – 2026 Notes
3.2392 $308.72 20260.0%$557,724 $1,245,232 
Principal – 2027 Notes
20.4526 $48.89 20272.0%1,000,000 1,000,000 
Principal – 2030 Notes
27.6656 $36.15 20300.0%690,000 — 
Unamortized debt issuance costs, net(15,581)(6,310)
Net carrying amount$2,232,143 $2,238,922 
1)    We entered into capped call transactions in connection with the 2026 and 2030 Notes. The cap price of the capped call transactions relating to the Notes was initially $343.02 and $47.74, respectively, subject to certain adjustments under the terms of the capped call transactions. See below "--Capped Call Transactions."
Interest on the Notes is payable semi-annually in arrears. The combined interest expense on the Notes related to regular interest and the amortization of debt issuance cost was $5.9 million for the three months ended March 31, 2025 and $6.0 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024.
As of March 31, 2025, the estimated fair value of the 2030 Notes was approximately $624 million. As of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, the estimated fair value of the 2027 Notes was approximately $1.0 billion and $1.0 billion, respectively, and the estimated fair value of the 2026 Notes was approximately $518 million and $1.1 billion, respectively. The fair value of the 2027 Notes was based on a combination of a discounted cash flow and Black-Scholes option-pricing model. The fair value of the 2030 Notes and 2026 Notes was based on quoted prices as of that date.
The 2027 Notes may be converted at the election of the holders thereof at any time prior to maturity. The 2026 Notes and 2030 Notes are convertible at the option of the respective holders thereof if a conversion condition applicable to such series of Notes is triggered. During the three months ended March 31, 2025, none of the conversion conditions of the 2026 Notes or the 2030 notes were triggered, and the 2026 Notes and 2030 Notes were not convertible as of March 31, 2025.
Any such conversion of the Notes noted above, may be satisfied at our election with either cash, shares of our common stock, or a combination of cash and shares of our common stock. The conversion rates for the Notes are subject to customary adjustments for certain events as described in the relevant indenture governing the Notes.
The Notes are subject to additional terms. In connection with certain corporate events, as described in the indentures governing the Notes, we will increase the conversion rate for a holder of the applicable series of Notes who elects to convert those Notes in connection with the event. Additionally, upon the occurrence of certain corporate events and subject to certain exceptions, as described in the indenture governing the applicable series of Notes, holders of those Notes may require us to repurchase all or a
portion of their notes at a price equal to 100% of the principal amount to be repurchased, plus any accrued and unpaid interest to date. The 2026 Notes and 2030 Notes are also redeemable at our option if certain conditions are met, as described in the indentures governing the 2026 Notes and 2030 Notes respectively.
As of March 31, 2025, no holders of the Notes have exercised the conversion rights, and the if-converted value of the Notes did not exceed the principal amount.
Convertible Note Repurchase
During the first quarter of 2025, and the first quarter of 2024, the Company repurchased in privately negotiated transactions and extinguished a portion of the 2026 Notes, with a total principal balance of $688 million and $480 million, respectively. The aggregate repurchase price for these notes was $642 million and $415 million, respectively, resulting in pre-tax gains of $42.7 million and $61.4 million, net of the write-off of unamortized issuance costs, respectively. These gains were included in Interest income and other income (expense), net, in the condensed consolidated statement of operations.
Capped Call Transactions
We entered into capped call transactions (the "Capped Call Transactions"), to reduce the potential dilutive effect of the 2026 Notes (the "2026 Capped Call Transactions"), and 2030 Notes (the "2030 Capped Call Transactions"), in connection with their pricing. The 2026 Capped Call Transactions, and the 2030 Capped Call Transactions, had net costs of $48.1 million and $44.4 million, respectively, with call options totaling approximately 5.6 million and 19.1 million of our common stock, and with expiration dates ranging from September 18, 2026 to November 12, 2026, and January 15, 2030 to March 13, 2030, respectively. The strike price of the 2026 Capped Call Transactions, and the 2030 Capped Call Transactions are $308.72 and $36.15, respectively, and the cap prices are initially $343.02 and $47.74 per share, respectively, subject to adjustments in certain circumstances. The Capped Call Transactions are freestanding and are considered separately exercisable from the 2026 Notes and 2030 Notes. As of March 31, 2025, the Capped Call Transactions met the conditions for equity classification and were not in the money.
v3.25.1
Commitments and Contingencies
3 Months Ended
Mar. 31, 2025
Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure [Abstract]  
Commitments and Contingencies Commitments and Contingencies
The following table summarizes our non-cancelable contractual commitments as of March 31, 2025 (in thousands):
Total
Remainder of 2025
2026‑2027
2028‑2029
Thereafter
Operating leases (1)
$126,717 $28,737 $54,728 $29,685 $13,567 
Purchase commitments (2)
892,459 257,028 379,094 256,337 — 
Convertible note principal and interest (3)
2,307,724 20,000 1,597,724 — 690,000 
Total$3,326,900 $305,765 $2,031,546 $286,022 $703,567 
(1)    Operating leases consist of obligations for real estate, including leases that are not yet commenced.
(2)    The substantial majority of our purchase commitments are related to agreements with our data center hosting providers.
(3)    Convertible notes due 2026, 2027, and 2030. See Note 6, "Borrowings," above for further discussion.
We expect to meet our remaining commitments.
Legal Matters
In the normal course of business, we are subject to various legal matters. We accrue a liability when management believes that it is both probable that a liability has been incurred and the amount of loss can be reasonably estimated. We also disclose material contingencies when we believe a loss is not probable but reasonably possible. Legal costs related to such potential losses are expensed as incurred. In addition, recoveries are shown as a reduction in legal costs in the period in which they are realized.
With respect to our outstanding matters, based on our current knowledge, we believe that the resolution of such matters will not, either individually or in aggregate, have a material adverse effect on our business or our condensed consolidated financial statements. However, litigation is inherently uncertain, and the outcome of these matters cannot be predicted with certainty. Accordingly, cash flows or results of operations could be materially affected in any particular period by the resolution of one or more of these matters. From time to time, we may be subject to other legal proceedings and claims arising in the ordinary course of business.
Indemnifications
In the ordinary course of business, we may provide indemnifications of varying scope and terms to customers, vendors, lessors, investors, directors, officers, employees and other parties with respect to certain matters. Indemnification may include losses from our breach of such agreements, services we provide, or third-party intellectual property infringement claims. These indemnifications may survive termination of the underlying agreement and the maximum potential amount of future indemnification payments may not be subject to a cap. As of March 31, 2025, there were no known events or circumstances that have resulted in a material indemnification liability to us and we did not incur material costs to defend lawsuits or settle claims related to these indemnifications.
Letters of Credit
We had $10.5 million and $10.2 million of secured letters of credit outstanding as of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively. These primarily relate to our office space leases and are fully collateralized by certificates of deposit which we record in restricted cash as other assets on our condensed consolidated balance sheets.
v3.25.1
Stock-Based Compensation
3 Months Ended
Mar. 31, 2025
Share-Based Payment Arrangement [Abstract]  
Stock-Based Compensation Stock‑Based Compensation
Stock-based compensation expense is as follows (in thousands):
Three Months Ended March 31,
20252024
Cost of revenue$9,112 $16,806 
Research and development50,594 87,738 
Sales and marketing19,961 63,971 
General and administrative19,123 97,362 
Total stock-based compensation expense$98,790 $265,877 
Included in the above expenses for the three months ended March 31, 2024, is $93 million of incremental stock-based compensation expense from modifications, primarily within general and administrative. These amounts predominately relate to the modification of awards held by the founders of ironSource Ltd. that departed in the first quarter of 2024.
Stock Options
A summary of our stock option, including price-vested options ("PVO"), activity is as follows:
Options Outstanding
Stock
Options
Outstanding
Weighted-Average
Exercise
Price
Weighted-Average
Remaining
Contractual
Term
(In Years)
Balance as of December 31, 202423,158,212 $21.10 4.24
Granted206,244 $24.72 
Exercised(2,272,956)$5.19 
Forfeited, cancelled, or expired(599,984)$57.66 
Balance as of March 31, 202520,491,516 $21.83 4.36
Restricted Stock Units
A summary of our restricted stock unit ("RSU"), including price-vested unit ("PVU"), and performance-based restricted stock unit ("PSU"), activity is as follows:
Unvested RSUs
Number of
Shares
Weighted-Average
Grant-Date
Fair Value
Unvested as of December 31, 202430,013,275 $26.03 
Granted4,486,262 $24.45 
Vested(2,964,091)$31.28 
Forfeited(2,754,164)$22.79 
Unvested as of March 31, 202528,781,282 $25.55 
Price-Vested Units and Price-Vested Options
The vesting for each of the PVUs and PVOs is subject to the fulfillment of both a service period that extends up to four years and the achievement of a stock price hurdle during the relevant performance period that extends up to six and seven years, respectively. The fair value of each PVU and PVO award is estimated using a Monte Carlo simulation that uses assumptions determined on the date of grant. During the three months ended March 31, 2025, the price hurdle was not met by any outstanding options or units, which had not already attained them in a prior period.
Performance-Based Restricted Stock Units
Starting in the first quarter of 2025, we have issued PSUs to certain executives as part of their compensation. The vesting for each PSU is subject to the fulfillment of both a service period of 3 years, and the level of achievement of certain performance goals (revenue and EBITDA metrics), over three annual performance periods ("tranche"). These goals are set as a range of target outcomes, in the first quarter of each year, and can be attained at a rate between 0% and 150%, based on where in the range the final results fall. The fair value of each PSU is estimated separately for each tranche of the award, using the closing price of Unity's common stock on the day the performance goals are set for that tranche. The expense is the fair value of the award multiplied by the expected attainment of the related performance goals as of the balance sheet date, recognized ratably for each tranche over the period between the day the performance goal is set, and the end of the service period. The expense is adjusted each period for any changes in the expected attainment of the performance goals.
Fair Value Assumptions
The calculated grant-date fair value of stock options, PVUs, and PVOs granted, were estimated using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model for stock options, and a Monte Carlo stimulation for the PVUs and PVOs, with the following assumptions:
Three Months Ended March 31,
20252024
Expected dividend yield
Risk-free interest rate4.1%4.1%
Expected volatility69.5%66.4%
Expected term (in years)6.256.25
Fair value of underlying common stock$24.72$26.89
Employee Stock Purchase Plan
The fair value of shares offered under our Employee Stock Purchase Plan ("ESPP") was determined on the grant date using the Black-Scholes option pricing model. The following table summarizes the assumptions used and the resulting grant-date fair values of our ESPP:
Three Months Ended March 31,
20252024
Expected dividend yield
Risk-free interest rate4.3%5.3%
Expected volatility73.4%56.0%
Expected term (in years)0.500.50
Grant-date fair value per share$9.26$9.11
Additional information related to the ESPP is provided below (in thousands, except per share amounts):
Three Months Ended March 31,
20252024
Shares issued under the ESPP693,873551,146
Weighted-average price per share issued$14.19$24.92
v3.25.1
Income Taxes
3 Months Ended
Mar. 31, 2025
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]  
Income Taxes Income Taxes
Our tax provision for interim periods is determined using an estimated annual effective tax rate, adjusted for discrete items arising in that quarter. In each quarter, we update the estimated annual effective tax rate and make a year-to-date adjustment to the provision. The estimated annual effective tax rate is subject to volatility due to several factors, including variability in accurately predicting our pre-tax income or loss and the mix of jurisdictions to which they relate, intercompany transactions, changes in how we do business, and tax law developments.
Our effective tax rate for the three months ended March 31, 2025 differs from the U.S. federal statutory tax rate of 21% primarily due to the need to record a valuation allowance on U.S. losses and to a lesser extent tax expense on foreign earnings taxed at different rates. Our effective tax rate for the three months ended March 31, 2024 differed from the U.S. federal statutory tax rate of 21% primarily due to the need to record a valuation allowance in the U.S. on losses, a tax benefit on foreign losses in connection with employee separation costs, and to a lesser extent, tax expense on foreign earnings taxed at different rates. In addition, during the first quarter of 2024, the Company restructured its tax operations which resulted in a reduction to the U.S. valuation allowance.
The realization of deferred tax assets is dependent upon the generation of sufficient taxable income of the appropriate character in future periods. We regularly assess the ability to realize our deferred tax assets and establish a valuation allowance if it is more-likely-than-not that some portion of the deferred tax assets will not be realized. In performing this assessment with respect to each jurisdiction, we review all available positive and negative evidence. Primarily due to our history of losses, we believe that it is more likely than not that the deferred tax assets of our U.S. federal, certain U.S. states, Denmark, U.K., and other non-U.S. jurisdictions will not be realized and we have maintained a full valuation allowance against such deferred tax assets.
As of March 31, 2025, we had $181.2 million of gross unrecognized tax benefits, of which $32.8 million would impact the effective tax rate, if recognized. It is reasonably possible that the amount of unrecognized tax benefits as of March 31, 2025 could increase or decrease significantly as the timing of the resolution, settlement, and closure of audits is highly uncertain. We believe that we have adequately provided for any reasonably foreseeable outcome related to our tax audits and that any settlement will not have a material impact on our financial condition and operating results at this time.
v3.25.1
Net Loss per Share of Common Stock
3 Months Ended
Mar. 31, 2025
Earnings Per Share [Abstract]  
Net Loss per Share of Common Stock Net Loss per Share of Common Stock
Basic and diluted net loss per share is the same for all periods presented because the effects of potentially dilutive items were antidilutive given our net loss in each period.
The following table presents potentially dilutive common stock excluded from the computation of diluted net loss per share (in thousands) because the impact of including them would have been antidilutive:
As of March 31,
20252024
Convertible notes41,348 24,488 
Stock options and PVOs20,492 29,492 
Unvested RSUs, PVUs, and PSUs28,781 32,476 
v3.25.1
Segment Information
3 Months Ended
Mar. 31, 2025
Segment Reporting [Abstract]  
Segment Information Segment Information
We have one reportable segment, software solutions. See "Revenue Recognition" in Note 1 of our 2024 Annual Report on Form 10-K, for detailed information regarding our products and services.
Our chief operating decision maker is the chief executive officer, who on a consolidated basis, assess the performance of, drives improvements in, and decides how to allocate resources in the reportable segment, based on multiple measures of performance including consolidated net income, adjusted EBITDA, adjusted gross margin, and adjusted EPS. As such, consolidated net income, which is reported and reconciled with all significant segment expenses on our consolidated statement of operations, is the measure that is most consistent with GAAP, while adjusted EBITDA, adjusted gross margin, and adjusted EPS are additional measures of our segment profitability.
The measure of segment assets is reported on the balance sheet as total consolidated assets. We do not have material intra-entity sales or transfers.
v3.25.1
Pay vs Performance Disclosure - USD ($)
$ in Thousands
3 Months Ended
Mar. 31, 2025
Mar. 31, 2024
Pay vs Performance Disclosure    
Net Income (Loss) $ (77,642) $ (291,074)
v3.25.1
Insider Trading Arrangements
3 Months Ended
Mar. 31, 2025
shares
Trading Arrangements, by Individual  
Material Terms of Trading Arrangement
The adoption or termination of contracts, instructions or written plans for the purchase or sale of our securities by our directors and officers (as defined in Rule 16a-1(f) under the Exchange Act) during the three months ended March 31, 2025, each of which is intended to satisfy the affirmative defense conditions of Rule 10b5-1(c) under the Exchange Act, were as follows:
NameTitleAction
 Adoption Date
Expiration Date (1)
Aggregate # of Securities to be Purchased/Sold
Tomer Bar-Zeev
Director
Adoption
March 4, 2025
December 31, 2025
1,500,000
Shlomo Dovrat
Director
Adoption
March 11, 2025December 10, 2025
100,000
Felix Thé
SVP Product & Technology, Grow
Adoption
March 13, 2025December 31, 2025
(2)
(1)    Each of the plans expire on the respective dates shown, or upon the earlier completion of all authorized transactions under the plans.
(2)    The plan provides for the sale of approximately $17,000 of our common stock per month based on the trading price of our common stock for 6 months. The actual number of shares that will be subject to the plan is dependent on the trading price of our common stock at future dates and is not yet determinable.
Non-Rule 10b5-1 Arrangement Adopted false
Rule 10b5-1 Arrangement Terminated false
Non-Rule 10b5-1 Arrangement Terminated false
Tomer Bar-Zeev [Member]  
Trading Arrangements, by Individual  
Name Tomer Bar-Zeev
Title Director
Rule 10b5-1 Arrangement Adopted true
Adoption Date March 4, 2025
Expiration Date December 31, 2025
Arrangement Duration 302 days
Aggregate Available 1,500,000
Shlomo Dovrat [Member]  
Trading Arrangements, by Individual  
Name Shlomo Dovrat
Title Director
Rule 10b5-1 Arrangement Adopted true
Adoption Date March 11, 2025
Expiration Date December 10, 2025
Arrangement Duration 274 days
Aggregate Available 100,000
Felix Thé [Member]  
Trading Arrangements, by Individual  
Name Felix Thé
Title SVP Product & Technology, Grow
Rule 10b5-1 Arrangement Adopted true
Adoption Date March 13, 2025
Expiration Date December 31, 2025
Arrangement Duration 293 days
v3.25.1
Accounting Policies (Policies)
3 Months Ended
Mar. 31, 2025
Accounting Policies [Abstract]  
Basis of Presentation
Basis of Presentation and Consolidation
We prepared the accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements in accordance with United States ("U.S.") generally accepted accounting principles ("GAAP") and applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission ("SEC") for interim financial reporting.
Consolidation The condensed consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Unity Software Inc., its wholly owned subsidiaries, and entities consolidated under the voting interest model. We have eliminated all intercompany balances and transactions. Certain information and footnote disclosures normally included in the financial statements prepared in accordance with GAAP have been condensed or omitted pursuant to such rules and regulations. In our opinion, all adjustments, which include normal recurring adjustments necessary for a fair presentation, have been included. The results of operations for the periods presented are not necessarily indicative of the results to be expected for the full year or other periods. The unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements and notes included in our 2024 Annual Report on Form 10-K.
Use of Estimates
Use of Estimates
The preparation of condensed consolidated financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make certain estimates, judgments, and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements, as well as the reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates, and such differences could be material to our financial position and results of operations.
Accounts Receivable, Net
Accounts Receivable, Net
Accounts receivable are recorded at the original invoiced amount, net of allowances for uncollectible amounts. We estimate losses on uncollectible amounts based on expected losses, including our historical experience of actual losses.
Sales Commissions and Contract Balances and Remaining Performance Obligations
Sales Commissions
Sales commissions that have a benefit beyond one year are capitalized and amortized on a straight-line method over the expected period of benefit, which is generally three years.Contract assets (unbilled receivables), primarily included in accounts receivable, net, are recorded when revenue is earned in advance of customer billing schedules.Contract liabilities (deferred revenue) relate to payments received in advance of performance under the contract.
Additionally, we have performance obligations associated with commitments in customer contracts to perform in the future that had not yet been recognized in our consolidated financial statements. For contracts with original terms that exceed one year, those commitments not yet recognized as of March 31, 2025, were $309 million and relate primarily to Create Solutions subscriptions, Enterprise Support, and
Strategic Partnerships.
Cash, Cash Equivalents, and Restricted Cash
Cash, Cash Equivalents, and Restricted Cash
Cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash are recorded at fair value. Fair value is defined as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. To increase the comparability of fair value measures, the following hierarchy prioritizes the inputs to valuation methodologies used to measure fair value:
Level 1—Valuations based on quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.
Level 2—Valuations based on quoted prices for similar assets and liabilities in active markets or inputs that are observable for the assets or liabilities, either directly or indirectly through market corroboration.
Level 3—Valuations based on unobservable inputs reflecting our own assumptions used to measure assets and liabilities at fair value. These valuations require significant judgment.
v3.25.1
Revenue (Tables)
3 Months Ended
Mar. 31, 2025
Revenue from Contract with Customer [Abstract]  
Schedule of Revenue Disaggregated by Source
The following table presents our revenue disaggregated by source, which also have similar economic characteristics (in thousands):
Three Months Ended March 31,
20252024
Create Solutions150,378 163,670 
Grow Solutions284,622 296,710 
Total revenue$435,000 $460,380 
Schedule of Revenue Disaggregated by Geography
The following table presents our revenue disaggregated by geography, based on the invoice address of our customers (in thousands):
Three Months Ended March 31,
20252024
United States$126,288 $139,119 
Greater China (1)
65,202 59,690 
EMEA (2)
152,500 166,770 
APAC (3)
80,081 84,036 
Other Americas (4)
10,929 10,765 
Total revenue$435,000 $460,380 
(1)    Greater China includes China, Hong Kong, and Taiwan.
(2)    Europe, the Middle East, and Africa ("EMEA")
(3)    Asia-Pacific, excluding Greater China ("APAC")
(4)    Canada and Latin America ("Other Americas")
v3.25.1
Financial Instruments (Tables)
3 Months Ended
Mar. 31, 2025
Investments, Debt and Equity Securities [Abstract]  
Schedule of Cash, Cash Equivalents, and Restricted Cash Measured at Fair Value on a Recurring Basis
The following table summarizes, by major security type, our cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash that are measured at fair value on a recurring basis and are categorized using the fair value hierarchy (in thousands):
March 31, 2025December 31, 2024
Fair Value (1)
Cash$932,674 $995,802 
Level 1:
Restricted cash and cash equivalents:
Restricted cash$10,464 $10,209 
Money market funds362,768 327,333 
Time deposits245,728 194,537 
Total restricted cash and cash equivalents$618,960 $532,079 
Total cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash$1,551,634 $1,527,881 
(1)    Due to the highly liquid nature of our investments, amortized cost approximates fair value.
v3.25.1
Investment in Unity China (Tables)
3 Months Ended
Mar. 31, 2025
Noncontrolling Interest [Abstract]  
Schedule of Changes in Redeemable Noncontrolling Interests
The following table presents the changes in redeemable noncontrolling interests (in thousands):
Three Months Ended March 31,
20252024
Balance at beginning of period$230,627 $225,797 
Net gain/(loss) attributable to redeemable noncontrolling interests(247)(376)
Accretion for redeemable noncontrolling interests3,035 3,075 
Foreign currency translation and foreign exchange adjustments for redeemable noncontrolling interests1,325 (3,760)
Balance at end of period$234,740 $224,736 
v3.25.1
Leases (Tables)
3 Months Ended
Mar. 31, 2025
Leases [Abstract]  
Schedule of Components of Lease Expense
Components of lease expense were as follows (in thousands):
Three Months Ended March 31,
20252024
Operating lease expense$7,428 $10,253 
Variable lease expense1,273 1,721 
Sublease income(697)(244)
Total lease expense$8,004 $11,730 
Schedule of Supplemental Balance Sheet Information Related to Leases
Supplemental balance sheet information related to leases was as follows (in thousands, except weighted-average figures):
As of
ClassificationMarch 31, 2025December 31, 2024
Operating lease assetsOther assets$71,976 $78,562 
Current operating lease liabilitiesAccrued expenses and other$31,289 $33,703 
Long-term operating lease liabilitiesOther long-term liabilities75,333 81,093 
Total operating lease liabilities$106,622 $114,796 
Schedule of Lease Liabilities
As of March 31, 2025, our lease liabilities were as follows (in thousands):
Operating Leases
Gross lease liabilities$119,424 
Less: imputed interest12,802 
Present value of lease liabilities$106,622 
v3.25.1
Borrowings (Tables)
3 Months Ended
Mar. 31, 2025
Debt Disclosure [Abstract]  
Schedule of Principal and Unamortized Debt Issuance Costs and Other Material Features of Notes The table below summarizes the principal and unamortized debt issuance costs and other material features of the Notes (in thousands):
Carrying Amount as of
Conversion Rate per
$1,000 Principal
Conversion Price (1)
MaturitiesStated Interest RatesMarch 31, 2025December 31, 2024
Convertible notes:
Principal – 2026 Notes
3.2392 $308.72 20260.0%$557,724 $1,245,232 
Principal – 2027 Notes
20.4526 $48.89 20272.0%1,000,000 1,000,000 
Principal – 2030 Notes
27.6656 $36.15 20300.0%690,000 — 
Unamortized debt issuance costs, net(15,581)(6,310)
Net carrying amount$2,232,143 $2,238,922 
1)    We entered into capped call transactions in connection with the 2026 and 2030 Notes. The cap price of the capped call transactions relating to the Notes was initially $343.02 and $47.74, respectively, subject to certain adjustments under the terms of the capped call transactions. See below "--Capped Call Transactions."
v3.25.1
Commitments and Contingencies (Tables)
3 Months Ended
Mar. 31, 2025
Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure [Abstract]  
Schedule of Non-Cancelable Contractual Commitments
The following table summarizes our non-cancelable contractual commitments as of March 31, 2025 (in thousands):
Total
Remainder of 2025
2026‑2027
2028‑2029
Thereafter
Operating leases (1)
$126,717 $28,737 $54,728 $29,685 $13,567 
Purchase commitments (2)
892,459 257,028 379,094 256,337 — 
Convertible note principal and interest (3)
2,307,724 20,000 1,597,724 — 690,000 
Total$3,326,900 $305,765 $2,031,546 $286,022 $703,567 
(1)    Operating leases consist of obligations for real estate, including leases that are not yet commenced.
(2)    The substantial majority of our purchase commitments are related to agreements with our data center hosting providers.
(3)    Convertible notes due 2026, 2027, and 2030. See Note 6, "Borrowings," above for further discussion.
v3.25.1
Stock-Based Compensation (Tables)
3 Months Ended
Mar. 31, 2025
Share-Based Payment Arrangement [Abstract]  
Schedule of Stock-Based Compensation Expense
Stock-based compensation expense is as follows (in thousands):
Three Months Ended March 31,
20252024
Cost of revenue$9,112 $16,806 
Research and development50,594 87,738 
Sales and marketing19,961 63,971 
General and administrative19,123 97,362 
Total stock-based compensation expense$98,790 $265,877 
Schedule of Stock Option Activity
A summary of our stock option, including price-vested options ("PVO"), activity is as follows:
Options Outstanding
Stock
Options
Outstanding
Weighted-Average
Exercise
Price
Weighted-Average
Remaining
Contractual
Term
(In Years)
Balance as of December 31, 202423,158,212 $21.10 4.24
Granted206,244 $24.72 
Exercised(2,272,956)$5.19 
Forfeited, cancelled, or expired(599,984)$57.66 
Balance as of March 31, 202520,491,516 $21.83 4.36
Schedule of Restricted Stock Unit Activity
A summary of our restricted stock unit ("RSU"), including price-vested unit ("PVU"), and performance-based restricted stock unit ("PSU"), activity is as follows:
Unvested RSUs
Number of
Shares
Weighted-Average
Grant-Date
Fair Value
Unvested as of December 31, 202430,013,275 $26.03 
Granted4,486,262 $24.45 
Vested(2,964,091)$31.28 
Forfeited(2,754,164)$22.79 
Unvested as of March 31, 202528,781,282 $25.55 
Schedule of Grant-Date Fair Value of Stock Options Granted
The calculated grant-date fair value of stock options, PVUs, and PVOs granted, were estimated using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model for stock options, and a Monte Carlo stimulation for the PVUs and PVOs, with the following assumptions:
Three Months Ended March 31,
20252024
Expected dividend yield
Risk-free interest rate4.1%4.1%
Expected volatility69.5%66.4%
Expected term (in years)6.256.25
Fair value of underlying common stock$24.72$26.89
Schedule of Grant-Date Fair Values of ESPP The following table summarizes the assumptions used and the resulting grant-date fair values of our ESPP:
Three Months Ended March 31,
20252024
Expected dividend yield
Risk-free interest rate4.3%5.3%
Expected volatility73.4%56.0%
Expected term (in years)0.500.50
Grant-date fair value per share$9.26$9.11
Schedule of Additional Information Related to ESPP
Additional information related to the ESPP is provided below (in thousands, except per share amounts):
Three Months Ended March 31,
20252024
Shares issued under the ESPP693,873551,146
Weighted-average price per share issued$14.19$24.92
v3.25.1
Net Loss per Share of Common Stock (Tables)
3 Months Ended
Mar. 31, 2025
Earnings Per Share [Abstract]  
Schedule of Antidilutive Securities Excluded from Computation of Diluted Net Loss Per Share
The following table presents potentially dilutive common stock excluded from the computation of diluted net loss per share (in thousands) because the impact of including them would have been antidilutive:
As of March 31,
20252024
Convertible notes41,348 24,488 
Stock options and PVOs20,492 29,492 
Unvested RSUs, PVUs, and PSUs28,781 32,476 
v3.25.1
Accounting Policies (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Millions
3 Months Ended
Mar. 31, 2025
Mar. 31, 2024
Cost of revenue    
Restructuring Cost and Reserve [Line Items]    
Employee separation costs   $ 15
Research and development    
Restructuring Cost and Reserve [Line Items]    
Employee separation costs   43
Sales and marketing    
Restructuring Cost and Reserve [Line Items]    
Employee separation costs   47
General and administrative    
Restructuring Cost and Reserve [Line Items]    
Employee separation costs   88
Employee Severance    
Restructuring Cost and Reserve [Line Items]    
Employee separation costs $ 14 193
Stock-Based Compensation    
Restructuring Cost and Reserve [Line Items]    
Employee separation costs   126
Facility Closing    
Restructuring Cost and Reserve [Line Items]    
Restructuring costs $ 6 $ 19
v3.25.1
Revenue - Schedule of Revenue Disaggregated by Source (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Thousands
3 Months Ended
Mar. 31, 2025
Mar. 31, 2024
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]    
Total revenue $ 435,000 $ 460,380
Create Solutions    
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]    
Total revenue 150,378 163,670
Grow Solutions    
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]    
Total revenue $ 284,622 $ 296,710
v3.25.1
Revenue - Schedule of Revenue Disaggregated by Geography (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Thousands
3 Months Ended
Mar. 31, 2025
Mar. 31, 2024
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]    
Total revenue $ 435,000 $ 460,380
United States    
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]    
Total revenue 126,288 139,119
Greater China    
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]    
Total revenue 65,202 59,690
EMEA    
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]    
Total revenue 152,500 166,770
APAC    
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]    
Total revenue 80,081 84,036
Other Americas    
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]    
Total revenue $ 10,929 $ 10,765
v3.25.1
Revenue - Accounts Receivable, Net (Narrative) (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Millions
3 Months Ended
Mar. 31, 2025
Mar. 31, 2024
Dec. 31, 2024
Revenue from Contract with Customer [Abstract]      
Accounts receivable, allowances $ 15.6   $ 17.3
Provision for uncollectible amounts $ 0.5 $ 1.8  
v3.25.1
Revenue - Sales Commissions (Narrative) (Details) - USD ($)
3 Months Ended
Mar. 31, 2025
Mar. 31, 2024
Dec. 31, 2024
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]      
Capitalized contract cost, amortization period 3 years    
Capitalized contract cost, amortization $ 1,900,000 $ 2,400,000  
Capitalized contract cost, impairment loss 0 $ 0  
Prepaid Expenses and Other Current Assets      
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]      
Capitalized contract costs 6,200,000   $ 6,500,000
Other Assets      
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]      
Capitalized contract costs $ 4,500,000   $ 5,400,000
v3.25.1
Revenue - Contract Balances (Narrative) (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Millions
3 Months Ended
Mar. 31, 2025
Dec. 31, 2024
Revenue from Contract with Customer [Abstract]    
Unbilled receivables $ 20.3 $ 20.5
Revenue recognized $ 78.7  
v3.25.1
Revenue - Remaining Performance Obligations (Narrative) (Details)
$ in Millions
3 Months Ended
Mar. 31, 2025
USD ($)
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]  
Revenue, remaining performance obligation, amount $ 309
Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction, Start Date [Axis]: 2025-04-01  
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]  
Revenue, remaining performance obligation, amount $ 166
Revenue, remaining performance obligation, percentage 54.00%
Recognition period 12 months
Minimum  
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]  
Commitment term 1 year
Maximum  
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]  
Commitment term 5 years
v3.25.1
Financial Instruments - Schedule of Cash, Cash Equivalents, and Restricted Cash Measured at Fair Value on a Recurring Basis (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Thousands
Mar. 31, 2025
Dec. 31, 2024
Mar. 31, 2024
Dec. 31, 2023
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale [Line Items]        
Cash $ 932,674 $ 995,802    
Restricted cash and cash equivalents:        
Total cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash 1,551,634 1,527,881 $ 1,194,501 $ 1,604,267
Level 1:        
Restricted cash and cash equivalents:        
Restricted cash 10,464 10,209    
Total restricted cash and cash equivalents 618,960 532,079    
Level 1: | Money market funds        
Restricted cash and cash equivalents:        
Cash equivalents 362,768 327,333    
Level 1: | Time deposits        
Restricted cash and cash equivalents:        
Cash equivalents $ 245,728 $ 194,537    
v3.25.1
Financial Instruments - Narrative (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Millions
3 Months Ended
Mar. 31, 2025
Dec. 31, 2024
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale [Line Items]    
Equity investments $ 33.0 $ 33.0
Maximum    
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale [Line Items]    
Ownership interest less than 20.00%  
v3.25.1
Investment in Unity China - Narrative (Details)
Mar. 31, 2025
Third Party Investors | Unity China  
Noncontrolling Interest [Line Items]  
Noncontrolling interest, percentage sold 20.50%
v3.25.1
Investment in Unity China - Schedule of Changes in Redeemable Noncontrolling Interests (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Thousands
3 Months Ended
Mar. 31, 2025
Mar. 31, 2024
Increase (Decrease) in Temporary Equity [Roll Forward]    
Balance at beginning of period $ 230,627 $ 225,797
Net gain/(loss) attributable to redeemable noncontrolling interests (247) (376)
Accretion for redeemable noncontrolling interests 3,035 3,075
Foreign currency translation and foreign exchange adjustments for redeemable noncontrolling interests 1,325 (3,760)
Balance at end of period $ 234,740 $ 224,736
v3.25.1
Leases - Narrative (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Millions
3 Months Ended
Mar. 31, 2025
Mar. 31, 2024
Dec. 31, 2024
Lessee, Lease, Description [Line Items]      
Operating lease, weighted average remaining lease term 4 years 2 months 12 days   4 years 3 months 18 days
Operating lease, weighted average discount rate, percent 5.50%   5.40%
Operating lease, impairment loss $ 0.3 $ 3.7  
Leases not yet commenced $ 7.3    
Minimum      
Lessee, Lease, Description [Line Items]      
Lessee, operating lease, lease not yet commenced, term 1 year    
Maximum      
Lessee, Lease, Description [Line Items]      
Operating lease term (up to) 8 years    
Lessee, operating lease, lease not yet commenced, term 7 years    
v3.25.1
Leases - Schedule of Components of Lease Expense (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Thousands
3 Months Ended
Mar. 31, 2025
Mar. 31, 2024
Leases [Abstract]    
Operating lease expense $ 7,428 $ 10,253
Variable lease expense 1,273 1,721
Sublease income (697) (244)
Total lease expense $ 8,004 $ 11,730
v3.25.1
Leases - Schedule of Supplemental Balance Sheet Information Related to Leases (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Thousands
Mar. 31, 2025
Dec. 31, 2024
Leases [Abstract]    
Operating lease, right-of-use asset, statement of financial position [extensible enumeration] Other assets Other assets
Operating lease assets $ 71,976 $ 78,562
Operating lease, liability, current, statement of financial position [extensible enumeration] Accrued expenses and other Accrued expenses and other
Current operating lease liabilities $ 31,289 $ 33,703
Operating lease, liability, noncurrent, statement of financial position [extensible enumeration] Other long-term liabilities Other long-term liabilities
Long-term operating lease liabilities $ 75,333 $ 81,093
Total operating lease liabilities $ 106,622 $ 114,796
v3.25.1
Leases - Schedule of Lease Liabilities (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Thousands
Mar. 31, 2025
Dec. 31, 2024
Leases [Abstract]    
Gross lease liabilities $ 119,424  
Less: imputed interest 12,802  
Present value of lease liabilities $ 106,622 $ 114,796
v3.25.1
Borrowings - Convertible Notes (Narrative) (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Thousands
1 Months Ended 3 Months Ended
Feb. 28, 2025
Mar. 31, 2025
Mar. 31, 2024
Dec. 31, 2024
Nov. 30, 2022
Debt Instrument [Line Items]          
Proceeds from issuance of convertible notes   $ 690,000 $ 0    
Principal – 2026 Notes          
Debt Instrument [Line Items]          
Debt outstanding   558,000      
Convertible Debt          
Debt Instrument [Line Items]          
Debt outstanding   2,200,000      
Convertible Debt | 2026, 2027 and 2030 Notes          
Debt Instrument [Line Items]          
Interest expense related to amortization of debt   $ 5,900 $ 6,000    
Convertible Debt | Principal – 2030 Notes          
Debt Instrument [Line Items]          
Debt face amount $ 690,000        
Stated interest rates   0.00%      
Proceeds from issuance of convertible notes $ 677,000        
Debt outstanding   $ 690,000   $ 0 $ 690,000
Debt instrument, fair value   $ 624,000      
Convertible Debt | Principal – 2027 Notes          
Debt Instrument [Line Items]          
Stated interest rates   2.00%      
Debt outstanding   $ 1,000,000   1,000,000  
Debt instrument, fair value   $ 1,000,000   1,000,000  
Redemption price percentage   100.00%      
Convertible Debt | Principal – 2026 Notes          
Debt Instrument [Line Items]          
Stated interest rates   0.00%      
Debt outstanding   $ 557,724   1,245,232  
Debt instrument, fair value   $ 518,000   $ 1,100,000  
v3.25.1
Borrowings - Schedule of Principal and Unamortized Debt Issuance Costs and Other Material Features of Notes (Details)
$ / shares in Units, $ in Thousands
3 Months Ended
Mar. 31, 2025
USD ($)
$ / shares
Dec. 31, 2024
USD ($)
Nov. 30, 2022
USD ($)
Debt Instrument [Line Items]      
Net carrying amount $ 2,232,143 $ 2,238,922  
Convertible Debt      
Debt Instrument [Line Items]      
Principal 2,200,000    
2026, 2027 and 2030 Notes | Convertible Debt      
Debt Instrument [Line Items]      
Unamortized debt issuance costs, net (15,581) (6,310)  
Net carrying amount 2,232,143 2,238,922  
Principal – 2026 Notes      
Debt Instrument [Line Items]      
Principal $ 558,000    
Cap price (USD per share) | $ / shares $ 343.02    
Principal – 2026 Notes | Convertible Debt      
Debt Instrument [Line Items]      
Conversion ratio 0.0032392    
Conversion price (USD per share) | $ / shares $ 308.72    
Stated Interest Rates 0.00%    
Principal $ 557,724 1,245,232  
Principal – 2027 Notes | Convertible Debt      
Debt Instrument [Line Items]      
Conversion ratio 0.0204526    
Conversion price (USD per share) | $ / shares $ 48.89    
Stated Interest Rates 2.00%    
Principal $ 1,000,000 1,000,000  
Principal – 2030 Notes      
Debt Instrument [Line Items]      
Cap price (USD per share) | $ / shares $ 47.74    
Principal – 2030 Notes | Convertible Debt      
Debt Instrument [Line Items]      
Conversion ratio 0.0276656    
Conversion price (USD per share) | $ / shares $ 36.15    
Stated Interest Rates 0.00%    
Principal $ 690,000 $ 0 $ 690,000
v3.25.1
Borrowings - Convertible Note Repurchase (Narrative) (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Thousands
3 Months Ended
Mar. 31, 2025
Mar. 31, 2024
Debt Instrument [Line Items]    
Pre-tax gains $ 42,744 $ 61,371
Principal – 2026 Notes | Convertible Debt    
Debt Instrument [Line Items]    
Repurchased principal amount 688,000 480,000
Aggregate repurchase price 642,000 415,000
Pre-tax gains $ 42,700 $ 61,400
v3.25.1
Borrowings - Capped Call Transactions (Narrative) (Details)
$ / shares in Units, shares in Millions, $ in Millions
3 Months Ended
Mar. 31, 2025
USD ($)
$ / shares
shares
Principal – 2026 Notes  
Debt Instrument [Line Items]  
Net cost incurred | $ $ 48.1
Number of common shares (in shares) | shares 5.6
Strike price (USD per share) $ 308.72
Cap price (USD per share) $ 343.02
Principal – 2030 Notes  
Debt Instrument [Line Items]  
Net cost incurred | $ $ 44.4
Number of common shares (in shares) | shares 19.1
Strike price (USD per share) $ 36.15
Cap price (USD per share) $ 47.74
v3.25.1
Commitments and Contingencies - Schedule of Non-Cancelable Contractual Commitments (Details)
$ in Thousands
Mar. 31, 2025
USD ($)
Operating leases  
Total $ 126,717
Remainder of 2025 28,737
2026‑2027 54,728
2028‑2029 29,685
Thereafter 13,567
Purchase commitments  
Total 892,459
Remainder of 2025 257,028
2026‑2027 379,094
2028‑2029 256,337
Thereafter 0
Convertible note principal and interest  
Total 2,307,724
Remainder of 2025 20,000
2026‑2027 1,597,724
2028‑2029 0
Thereafter 690,000
Total  
Total 3,326,900
Remainder of 2025 305,765
2026‑2027 2,031,546
2028‑2029 286,022
Thereafter $ 703,567
v3.25.1
Commitments and Contingencies - Narrative (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Millions
Mar. 31, 2025
Dec. 31, 2024
Letter of Credit    
Long-term Purchase Commitment [Line Items]    
Letter of credit outstanding $ 10.5 $ 10.2
v3.25.1
Stock-Based Compensation - Schedule of Stock-Based Compensation Expense (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Thousands
3 Months Ended
Mar. 31, 2025
Mar. 31, 2024
Share-based Payment Arrangement, Expensed and Capitalized, Amount [Line Items]    
Total stock-based compensation expense $ 98,790 $ 265,877
Cost of revenue    
Share-based Payment Arrangement, Expensed and Capitalized, Amount [Line Items]    
Total stock-based compensation expense 9,112 16,806
Research and development    
Share-based Payment Arrangement, Expensed and Capitalized, Amount [Line Items]    
Total stock-based compensation expense 50,594 87,738
Sales and marketing    
Share-based Payment Arrangement, Expensed and Capitalized, Amount [Line Items]    
Total stock-based compensation expense 19,961 63,971
General and administrative    
Share-based Payment Arrangement, Expensed and Capitalized, Amount [Line Items]    
Total stock-based compensation expense $ 19,123 $ 97,362
v3.25.1
Stock-Based Compensation - Narrative (Details)
$ in Millions
3 Months Ended
Mar. 31, 2025
annual_performance_period
Mar. 31, 2024
USD ($)
Share-based Payment Arrangement, Expensed and Capitalized, Amount [Line Items]    
Incremental stock expense | $   $ 93
Price-Vested Units    
Share-based Payment Arrangement, Expensed and Capitalized, Amount [Line Items]    
Award requisite service period 4 years  
Award performance period 6 years  
Price-Vested Options    
Share-based Payment Arrangement, Expensed and Capitalized, Amount [Line Items]    
Award requisite service period 4 years  
Award performance period 7 years  
Performance Shares    
Share-based Payment Arrangement, Expensed and Capitalized, Amount [Line Items]    
Award requisite service period 3 years  
Number of annual performance periods | annual_performance_period 3  
Performance Shares | Minimum    
Share-based Payment Arrangement, Expensed and Capitalized, Amount [Line Items]    
Award vesting rights (in percent) 0  
Performance Shares | Maximum    
Share-based Payment Arrangement, Expensed and Capitalized, Amount [Line Items]    
Award vesting rights (in percent) 1.50  
v3.25.1
Stock-Based Compensation - Schedule of Stock Option Activity (Details) - $ / shares
3 Months Ended 12 Months Ended
Mar. 31, 2025
Dec. 31, 2024
Stock Options Outstanding    
Beginning balance (in shares) 23,158,212  
Granted (in shares) 206,244  
Exercised (in shares) (2,272,956)  
Forfeited, cancelled, or expired (in shares) (599,984)  
Ending balance (in shares) 20,491,516 23,158,212
Weighted-Average Exercise Price    
Beginning balance (USD per share) $ 21.10  
Granted (USD per share) 24.72  
Exercised (USD per share) 5.19  
Forfeited, cancelled, or expired (USD per share) 57.66  
Ending balance (USD per share) $ 21.83 $ 21.10
Weighted-Average Remaining Contractual Term (In Years)    
Options outstanding, Weighted average remaining contractual term 4 years 4 months 9 days 4 years 2 months 26 days
v3.25.1
Stock-Based Compensation - Schedule of Restricted Stock Unit Activity (Details) - Unvested RSUs, PVUs and PSUs
3 Months Ended
Mar. 31, 2025
$ / shares
shares
Number of Shares  
Unvested at beginning of period (in shares) | shares 30,013,275
Granted (in shares) | shares 4,486,262
Vested (in shares) | shares (2,964,091)
Forfeited (in shares) | shares (2,754,164)
Unvested at end of period (in shares) | shares 28,781,282
Weighted-Average Grant-Date Fair Value  
Unvested at beginning of period (USD per share) | $ / shares $ 26.03
Granted (USD per share) | $ / shares 24.45
Vested (USD per share) | $ / shares 31.28
Forfeited (USD per share) | $ / shares 22.79
Unvested at end of period (USD per share) | $ / shares $ 25.55
v3.25.1
Stock-Based Compensation - Schedule of Grant-Date Fair Value of Stock Options Granted (Details) - Stock options and PVUs, and PVOs - $ / shares
3 Months Ended
Mar. 31, 2025
Mar. 31, 2024
Share-based Payment Arrangement, Expensed and Capitalized, Amount [Line Items]    
Expected dividend yield 0.00% 0.00%
Risk-free interest rate 4.10% 4.10%
Expected volatility 69.50% 66.40%
Expected term (in years) 6 years 3 months 6 years 3 months
Fair value of underlying common stock (USD per share) $ 24.72 $ 26.89
v3.25.1
Stock-Based Compensation - Schedule of Grant-Date Fair Values of ESPP (Details) - Employee Stock Purchase Plan - $ / shares
3 Months Ended
Mar. 31, 2025
Mar. 31, 2024
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]    
Expected dividend yield 0.00% 0.00%
Risk-free interest rate 4.30% 5.30%
Expected volatility 73.40% 56.00%
Expected term (in years) 6 months 6 months
Grant-date fair value per share (USD per share) $ 9.26 $ 9.11
v3.25.1
Stock-Based Compensation - Schedule of Additional Information Related to ESPP (Details) - Employee Stock Purchase Plan - $ / shares
3 Months Ended
Mar. 31, 2025
Mar. 31, 2024
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]    
Shares issued under the ESPP (in shares) 693,873 551,146
Weighted-average price per share issued (USD per share) $ 14.19 $ 24.92
v3.25.1
Income Taxes (Details)
$ in Millions
Mar. 31, 2025
USD ($)
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]  
Unrecognized tax benefits $ 181.2
Unrecognized tax benefits that would impact effective tax rate $ 32.8
v3.25.1
Net Loss per Share of Common Stock (Details) - shares
shares in Thousands
3 Months Ended
Mar. 31, 2025
Mar. 31, 2024
Convertible notes    
Antidilutive Securities Excluded from Computation of Earnings Per Share [Line Items]    
Antidilutive securities excluded from computation of earnings per share (in shares) 41,348 24,488
Stock options and PVOs    
Antidilutive Securities Excluded from Computation of Earnings Per Share [Line Items]    
Antidilutive securities excluded from computation of earnings per share (in shares) 20,492 29,492
Unvested RSUs, PVUs, and PSUs    
Antidilutive Securities Excluded from Computation of Earnings Per Share [Line Items]    
Antidilutive securities excluded from computation of earnings per share (in shares) 28,781 32,476
v3.25.1
Segment Information (Details)
3 Months Ended
Mar. 31, 2025
segment
Segment Reporting [Abstract]  
Number of reportable segments 1