CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS (Parenthetical) - $ / shares |
Sep. 30, 2025 |
Dec. 31, 2024 |
|---|---|---|
| Statement of Financial Position [Abstract] | ||
| Common stock, par value (USD per share) | $ 0.000005 | $ 0.000005 |
| Common stock, authorized (in shares) | 1,000,000,000 | 1,000,000,000 |
| Common stock, issued (in shares) | 427,778,000 | 409,393,000 |
| Common stock, outstanding (in shares) | 427,778,000 | 409,393,000 |
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS - USD ($) shares in Thousands, $ in Thousands |
3 Months Ended | 9 Months Ended | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
Sep. 30, 2025 |
Sep. 30, 2024 |
Sep. 30, 2025 |
Sep. 30, 2024 |
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| Income Statement [Abstract] | ||||
| Revenue | $ 470,615 | $ 446,517 | $ 1,346,559 | $ 1,356,156 |
| Cost of revenue | 120,332 | 112,054 | 348,500 | 365,316 |
| Gross profit | 350,283 | 334,463 | 998,059 | 990,840 |
| Operating expenses | ||||
| Research and development | 244,357 | 215,197 | 679,789 | 706,860 |
| Sales and marketing | 165,869 | 176,423 | 489,395 | 576,902 |
| General and administrative | 65,913 | 69,989 | 201,418 | 338,573 |
| Total operating expenses | 476,139 | 461,609 | 1,370,602 | 1,622,335 |
| Loss from operations | (125,856) | (127,146) | (372,543) | (631,495) |
| Interest expense | (6,043) | (5,839) | (17,964) | (17,703) |
| Interest income and other income (expense), net | 14,448 | 15,350 | 92,396 | 102,450 |
| Loss before income taxes | (117,451) | (117,635) | (298,111) | (546,748) |
| Provision for (benefit from) Income taxes | 9,377 | 6,913 | 13,989 | (4,984) |
| Net loss | (126,828) | (124,548) | (312,100) | (541,764) |
| Net income (loss) attributable to noncontrolling interest and redeemable noncontrolling interests | (466) | 191 | 702 | (377) |
| Net loss attributable to Unity Software Inc. | $ (126,362) | $ (124,739) | $ (312,802) | $ (541,387) |
| Basic net loss per share attributable to Unity Software Inc. (USD per share) | $ (0.30) | $ (0.31) | $ (0.75) | $ (1.38) |
| Diluted net loss per share attributable to Unity Software Inc. (USD per share) | $ (0.30) | $ (0.31) | $ (0.75) | $ (1.38) |
| Weighted-average shares used in computation of basic net loss per share (in shares) | 424,296 | 398,810 | 417,919 | 392,855 |
| Weighted-average shares used in computation of diluted net loss per share (in shares) | 424,296 | 398,810 | 417,919 | 392,855 |
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE LOSS - USD ($) $ in Thousands |
3 Months Ended | 9 Months Ended | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
Sep. 30, 2025 |
Sep. 30, 2024 |
Sep. 30, 2025 |
Sep. 30, 2024 |
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| Statement of Comprehensive Income [Abstract] | ||||
| Net loss | $ (126,828) | $ (124,548) | $ (312,100) | $ (541,764) |
| Other comprehensive income, net of taxes: | ||||
| Change in foreign currency translation adjustment | 1,353 | 7,412 | 5,247 | 2,558 |
| Other comprehensive income | 1,353 | 7,412 | 5,247 | 2,558 |
| Comprehensive loss | (125,475) | (117,136) | (306,853) | (539,206) |
| Net income (loss) attributable to noncontrolling interest and redeemable noncontrolling interests | (466) | 191 | 702 | (377) |
| Foreign currency translation attributable to noncontrolling interest and redeemable noncontrolling interests | 282 | 1,501 | 1,100 | 536 |
| Comprehensive loss attributable to noncontrolling interest and redeemable noncontrolling interests | (184) | 1,692 | 1,802 | 159 |
| Comprehensive loss attributable to Unity Software Inc. | $ (125,291) | $ (118,828) | $ (308,655) | $ (539,365) |
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS - USD ($) $ in Thousands |
9 Months Ended | |
|---|---|---|
Sep. 30, 2025 |
Sep. 30, 2024 |
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| Operating activities | ||
| Net loss | $ (312,100) | $ (541,764) |
| Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash provided by operating activities: | ||
| Depreciation and amortization | 329,038 | 305,819 |
| Stock-based compensation expense | 292,362 | 485,893 |
| Gain on repayment of convertible note | (42,744) | (61,371) |
| Impairment of property and equipment | 4,911 | 22,874 |
| Other | (4,520) | 14,735 |
| Changes in assets and liabilities, net of effects of acquisitions: | ||
| Accounts receivable, net | (25,834) | 35,463 |
| Prepaid expenses and other | 10,087 | (11,949) |
| Other assets | 30,558 | 4,367 |
| Accounts payable | 5,899 | 90 |
| Accrued expenses and other | 4,289 | (15,367) |
| Publisher payables | 2,906 | (2,561) |
| Other long-term liabilities | (31,656) | (46,782) |
| Deferred revenue | 38,324 | 13,914 |
| Net cash provided by operating activities | 301,520 | 203,361 |
| Investing activities | ||
| Purchases of non-marketable investments | (2,000) | 0 |
| Purchases of intangible assets | 0 | (12,860) |
| Purchases of property and equipment | (16,271) | (23,107) |
| Net cash used in investing activities | (18,271) | (35,967) |
| Financing activities | ||
| Proceeds from issuance of convertible notes | 690,000 | 0 |
| Purchase of capped calls | (44,436) | 0 |
| Payment of debt issuance costs | (13,236) | 0 |
| Repayments of convertible note | (641,691) | (414,999) |
| Proceeds from issuance of common stock from employee equity plans | 85,476 | 57,302 |
| Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities | 76,113 | (357,697) |
| Effect of foreign exchange rate changes on cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash | 21,845 | 2,004 |
| Increase (decrease) in cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash | 381,207 | (188,299) |
| Cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash, beginning of period | 1,527,881 | 1,604,267 |
| Cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash, end of period | 1,909,088 | 1,415,968 |
| Supplemental disclosure of cash flow information: | ||
| Cash paid for interest | 10,000 | 10,000 |
| Cash paid for income taxes, net of refunds | 6,868 | 19,341 |
| Cash paid for operating leases | 33,015 | 39,027 |
| Supplemental disclosures of non‑cash investing and financing activities: | ||
| Assets acquired under operating lease | $ 6,987 | $ 14,586 |
Accounting Policies |
9 Months Ended |
|---|---|
Sep. 30, 2025 | |
| Accounting Policies [Abstract] | |
| Accounting Policies | Accounting Policies Basis of Presentation and Consolidation We prepared the accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements in accordance with United States ("U.S.") generally accepted accounting principles ("GAAP") and applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission ("SEC") for interim financial reporting. The condensed consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Unity Software Inc., its wholly owned subsidiaries, and entities consolidated under the voting interest model. We have eliminated all intercompany balances and transactions. Certain information and footnote disclosures normally included in the financial statements prepared in accordance with GAAP have been condensed or omitted pursuant to such rules and regulations. In our opinion, all adjustments, which include normal recurring adjustments necessary for a fair presentation, have been included. The results of operations for the periods presented are not necessarily indicative of the results to be expected for the full year or other periods. The unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements and notes included in our 2024 Annual Report on Form 10-K. Use of Estimates The preparation of condensed consolidated financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make certain estimates, judgments, and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements, as well as the reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates, and such differences could be material to our financial position and results of operations. We review the useful lives of assets with a finite life on a recurring basis. Effective July 1, 2025, we revised our estimate of the remaining useful life for certain intangible assets from to seven years, down to to three years. These assets are included in “Intangible assets, net” on our consolidated balance sheets, are primarily “developed technology” within intangible assets, and primarily relate to assets arising from our acquisition of Wētā FX Limited in 2021. The shortened useful lives are due to certain assets no longer being actively developed and absence of currently established plans for incorporation into future Unity offerings. The effect of this change in estimate for both the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025, was an increase in amortization expense and decrease in operating income of approximately $39 million, an increase in net loss of approximately $30 million, and an increase in our basic and diluted net loss per share of approximately $0.08 per share. Employee Separation and Restructuring Costs In the nine months ended September 30, 2025, we incurred incremental employee separation costs of approximately $23 million, primarily within sales and marketing and research and development. In the nine months ended September 30, 2024, we incurred incremental employee separation costs of approximately $205 million, which included $127 million of incremental stock-based compensation. Of the incremental employee separation costs we incurred in the nine months ended September 30, 2024, $15 million are within cost of revenue, $46 million are within research and development, $52 million are within sales and marketing, and $92 million are within general and administrative. Additionally, for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, we incurred $16 million and $45 million, respectively, of other restructuring costs, primarily related to office closures. Recent Accounting Pronouncements Not Yet Adopted In July 2025, the FASB issued a new Accounting Standards Update ("ASU 2025-05") amending the guidance around estimation of credit losses on current accounts receivable and current contract assets to allow entities to elect a practical expedient to assume that the current conditions as of the balance sheet date will remain unchanged for the remaining life of the asset when developing a reasonable and supportable forecast. ASU 2025-05 is effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2025, with early adoption permitted and should be applied on a prospective basis. We are currently evaluating ASU 2025-05 to determine its impact on our financial statements. In September 2025, the FASB issued a new Accounting Standards Update ("ASU 2025-06") amending existing internal-use software guidance, changing the timing and thresholds for capitalizing these software costs. ASU 2025-06 is effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2027, with early adoption permitted and can be applied on either a prospective, modified, or retrospective basis. We are currently evaluating ASU 2025-06 to determine its impact on our financial statements.
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Revenue |
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| Revenue from Contract with Customer [Abstract] | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Revenue | Revenue The following table presents our revenue disaggregated by source, which also have similar economic characteristics (in thousands):
The following table presents our revenue disaggregated by geography, based on the invoice address of our customers (in thousands):
(1) Greater China includes China, Hong Kong, and Taiwan. (2) Europe, the Middle East, and Africa ("EMEA") (3) Asia-Pacific, excluding Greater China ("APAC") (4) Canada and Latin America ("Other Americas") Accounts Receivable, Net Accounts receivable are recorded at the original invoiced amount, net of allowances for uncollectible amounts. We estimate losses on uncollectible amounts based on expected losses, including our historical experience of actual losses. The estimated losses on uncollectible amounts are recorded in general and administrative expense on our condensed consolidated statements of operations. As of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, the allowance for uncollectible amounts was $11.4 million and $17.3 million, respectively. For the nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, the provision for uncollectible amounts was $0.9 million and $6.5 million, respectively. Sales Commissions Sales commissions that have a benefit beyond one year are capitalized and amortized on a straight-line method over the expected period of benefit, which is generally three years. As of September 30, 2025, capitalized commissions, net of amortization, included in prepaid expenses and other and other assets were $5.8 million and $3.2 million, respectively. As of December 31, 2024, capitalized commissions, net of amortization, included in prepaid expenses and other and other assets were $6.5 million and $5.4 million, respectively. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025, we recorded amortization costs of $1.7 million and $5.5 million in sales and marketing expenses, as compared to $2.2 million and $6.9 million during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024. We did not incur any impairment losses for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024. Contract Balances and Remaining Performance Obligations Contract assets (unbilled receivables), primarily included in accounts receivable, net, are recorded when revenue is earned in advance of customer billing schedules. Unbilled receivables totaled $19.7 million and $20.5 million as of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively. The long term portion of those unbilled receivables was included in other long-term assets on our consolidated balance sheets, and was not material as of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024. Contract liabilities (deferred revenue) relate to payments received in advance of performance under the contract. Revenue recognized during the nine months ended September 30, 2025 that was included in the deferred revenue balances at January 1, 2025 was $160 million. Additionally, we have performance obligations associated with commitments in customer contracts to perform in the future that had not yet been recognized in our consolidated financial statements. For contracts with original terms that exceed one year, those commitments not yet recognized as of September 30, 2025, were $441 million and relate primarily to Create Solutions subscriptions, Enterprise Support, and Strategic Partnerships. These commitments generally extend over the next to five years and we expect to recognize approximately $197 million or 45% of this revenue during the next 12 months.
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Financial Instruments |
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| Financial Instruments | Financial Instruments Cash, Cash Equivalents, and Restricted Cash Cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash are recorded at fair value. Fair value is defined as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. To increase the comparability of fair value measures, the following hierarchy prioritizes the inputs to valuation methodologies used to measure fair value: •Level 1—Valuations based on quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities. •Level 2—Valuations based on quoted prices for similar assets and liabilities in active markets or inputs that are observable for the assets or liabilities, either directly or indirectly through market corroboration. •Level 3—Valuations based on unobservable inputs reflecting our own assumptions used to measure assets and liabilities at fair value. These valuations require significant judgment. The following table summarizes, by major security type, our cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash that are measured at fair value on a recurring basis and are categorized using the fair value hierarchy (in thousands):
(1) Due to the highly liquid nature of our investments, amortized cost approximates fair value. Nonrecurring Fair Value Measurements We hold equity investments in certain unconsolidated entities without a readily determinable fair value. These strategic investments represent less than a 20% ownership interest in each of the entities, and we do not have significant influence over or control of the entities. We use the measurement alternative to account for adjustments to these investments for observable transactions for the same or similar investments of the same issuer in any given quarter. If we determine an impairment has occurred, the investment is written down to the estimated fair value. As of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, such equity investments totaled $35.0 million and $33.0 million, respectively. No material adjustments to the carrying value of these equity investments were recorded for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024.
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Investment in Unity China |
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| Noncontrolling Interest [Abstract] | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Investment in Unity China | Investment in Unity China The results of Unity China, of which third-party investors hold a 20.5% ownership interest, are included in our condensed consolidated financial statements. Under certain conditions we may be required to repurchase the third-party interest in Unity China. The redeemable noncontrolling interests in Unity China are recorded as temporary equity on our condensed consolidated balance sheet. The following table presents the changes in redeemable noncontrolling interests (in thousands):
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Leases |
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| Leases | Leases We have operating leases for offices, which have remaining lease terms of up to eight years. Components of lease expense were as follows (in thousands):
Supplemental balance sheet information related to leases was as follows (in thousands, except weighted-average figures):
As of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, our operating leases had a weighted-average remaining lease term of 4.1 years and 4.3 years, respectively, and a weighted-average discount rate of 5.5% and 5.4%, respectively. During the nine months ended September 30, 2024, we recorded $12.2 million of impairment charges on operating lease assets, primarily within general and administrative. As of September 30, 2025, our lease liabilities were as follows (in thousands):
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Borrowings |
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| Debt Disclosure [Abstract] | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Borrowings | Borrowings Convertible Notes In February 2025, we issued an aggregate of $690 million principal amount of 0% Convertible Senior Notes due 2030 (the "2030 Notes"). Proceeds from the issuance of the 2030 Notes were $677 million, net of debt issuance costs and the cash was used to purchase capped call transactions, and repurchase convertible notes as discussed below. The debt issuance costs are amortized to interest expense using the straight-line method, which approximates the effective interest method. As of September 30, 2025, we had $2.2 billion of unsecured convertible notes outstanding including $690 million of the 2030 Notes, $1.0 billion issued in November 2022 (the "2027 Notes"), $558 million issued in November 2021 (the "2026 Notes", together with the 2027 Notes and 2030 Notes, the "Notes"). The table below summarizes the principal and unamortized debt issuance costs and other material features of the Notes (in thousands):
1) We entered into capped call transactions in connection with the 2026 and 2030 Notes. The cap price of the capped call transactions relating to the Notes was initially $343.02 and $47.74, respectively, subject to certain adjustments under the terms of the capped call transactions. See below "--Capped Call Transactions." Interest on the Notes is payable semi-annually in arrears. The combined interest expense on the Notes related to regular interest and the amortization of debt issuance cost was $6.1 million and $18.0 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025, respectively, and $5.8 million and $17.7 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024, respectively. As of September 30, 2025, the estimated fair value of the 2030 Notes was approximately $1.0 billion. As of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, the estimated fair value of the 2027 Notes was approximately $1.2 billion and $1.0 billion, respectively, and the estimated fair value of the 2026 Notes was approximately $531 million and $1.1 billion, respectively. The fair value of the 2027 Notes was based on a combination of a discounted cash flow and Black-Scholes option-pricing model. The fair value of the 2030 Notes and 2026 Notes was based on quoted prices as of that date. The 2027 Notes may be converted at the election of the holders thereof at any time prior to maturity. The 2026 Notes and 2030 Notes are convertible at the option of the respective holders thereof if a conversion condition applicable to such series of Notes is triggered. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025, none of the conversion conditions of the 2026 Notes or the 2030 Notes were triggered, and the 2026 Notes were not convertible as of September 30, 2025. Any such conversion of the Notes noted above, may be satisfied at our election with either cash, shares of our common stock, or a combination of cash and shares of our common stock. The conversion rates for the Notes are subject to customary adjustments for certain events as described in the relevant indenture governing the Notes. The Notes are subject to additional terms. In connection with certain corporate events, as described in the indentures governing the Notes, we will increase the conversion rate for a holder of the applicable series of Notes who elects to convert those Notes in connection with the event. Additionally, upon the occurrence of certain corporate events and subject to certain exceptions, as described in the indenture governing the applicable series of Notes, holders of those Notes may require us to repurchase all or a portion of their notes at a price equal to 100% of the principal amount to be repurchased, plus any accrued and unpaid interest to date. The 2026 Notes and 2030 Notes are also redeemable at our option if certain conditions are met, as described in the indentures governing the 2026 Notes and 2030 Notes respectively. As of September 30, 2025, no holders of the Notes have exercised the conversion rights, and the if-converted value of the Notes did not exceed the principal amount. Convertible Note Repurchase During the first quarter of 2025, and the first quarter of 2024, the Company repurchased in privately negotiated transactions and extinguished a portion of the 2026 Notes, with a total principal balance of $688 million and $480 million, respectively. The aggregate repurchase price for these notes was $642 million and $415 million, respectively, resulting in pre-tax gains of $42.7 million and $61.4 million, net of the write-off of unamortized issuance costs, respectively. These gains were included in Interest income and other income (expense), net, in the condensed consolidated statement of operations. Capped Call Transactions We entered into capped call transactions (the "Capped Call Transactions"), to reduce the potential dilutive effect of the 2026 Notes (the "2026 Capped Call Transactions"), and 2030 Notes (the "2030 Capped Call Transactions"), in connection with their pricing. The 2026 Capped Call Transactions, and the 2030 Capped Call Transactions, had net costs of $48.1 million and $44.4 million, respectively, with call options totaling approximately 5.6 million and 19.1 million of our common stock, and with expiration dates ranging from September 18, 2026 to November 12, 2026, and January 15, 2030 to March 13, 2030, respectively. The strike price of the 2026 Capped Call Transactions, and the 2030 Capped Call Transactions are $308.72 and $36.15, respectively, and the cap prices are initially $343.02 and $47.74 per share, respectively, subject to adjustments in certain circumstances. The Capped Call Transactions are freestanding, are considered separately exercisable from the 2026 Notes and 2030 Notes, and meet the conditions for equity classification.
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Commitments and Contingencies |
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| Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure [Abstract] | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Commitments and Contingencies | Commitments and Contingencies The following table summarizes our non-cancelable contractual commitments as of September 30, 2025 (in thousands):
(1) Operating leases consist of obligations for real estate, including leases that are not yet commenced or reflected on our consolidated balance sheet with future minimum lease payments of $18.1 million. These leases will commence in 2025 with lease terms of approximately to seven years. (2) The substantial majority of our purchase commitments are related to agreements with our data center hosting providers. (3) Convertible notes due 2026, 2027, and 2030. See Note 6, "Borrowings," above for further discussion. We expect to meet our remaining commitments. Legal Matters In the normal course of business, we are subject to various legal matters. We accrue a liability when management believes that it is both probable that a liability has been incurred and the amount of loss can be reasonably estimated. We also disclose material contingencies when we believe a loss is not probable but reasonably possible. Legal costs related to such potential losses are expensed as incurred. In addition, recoveries are shown as a reduction in legal costs in the period in which they are realized. With respect to our outstanding matters, based on our current knowledge, we believe that the resolution of such matters will not, either individually or in aggregate, have a material adverse effect on our business or our condensed consolidated financial statements. However, litigation is inherently uncertain, and the outcome of these matters cannot be predicted with certainty. Accordingly, cash flows or results of operations could be materially affected in any particular period by the resolution of one or more of these matters. From time to time, we may be subject to other legal proceedings and claims arising in the ordinary course of business. Indemnifications In the ordinary course of business, we may provide indemnifications of varying scope and terms to customers, vendors, lessors, investors, directors, officers, employees and other parties with respect to certain matters. Indemnification may include losses from our breach of such agreements, services we provide, or third-party intellectual property infringement claims. These indemnifications may survive termination of the underlying agreement and the maximum potential amount of future indemnification payments may not be subject to a cap. As of September 30, 2025, there were no known events or circumstances that have resulted in a material indemnification liability to us and we did not incur material costs to defend lawsuits or settle claims related to these indemnifications. Letters of Credit We had $10.5 million and $10.2 million of secured letters of credit outstanding as of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively. These primarily relate to our office space leases and are fully collateralized by certificates of deposit which we record in restricted cash as other assets on our condensed consolidated balance sheets.
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Stock-Based Compensation |
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| Share-Based Payment Arrangement [Abstract] | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Stock-Based Compensation | Stock‑Based Compensation Stock-based compensation expense is as follows (in thousands):
Included in the above expenses for the nine months ended September 30, 2024, is $94 million of incremental stock-based compensation expense from modifications, primarily within general and administrative. These amounts predominately relate to the modification of awards held by the founders of ironSource Ltd. that departed in the first quarter of 2024. Stock Options A summary of our stock option, including price-vested options ("PVO"), activity is as follows:
Restricted Stock Units A summary of our restricted stock units ("RSU"), including price-vested units ("PVU"), and performance-based restricted stock units ("PSU"), activity is as follows:
Price-Vested Units and Price-Vested Options The vesting for each of the PVOs and PVUs is subject to the fulfillment of both a service period that extends up to four years and the achievement of a stock price hurdle during the relevant performance period that extends up to and seven years, respectively. The fair value of each PVO and PVU award is estimated using a Monte Carlo simulation that uses assumptions determined on the date of grant. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025, the price hurdle on 420,000 outstanding PVO units were met, resulting in those units vesting. No other outstanding options or units, which had not already met their price hurdle in a prior period, attained their price hurdle in this period. Performance-Based Restricted Stock Units Starting in the first quarter of 2025, we have issued PSUs to certain executives as part of their compensation. The vesting for each PSU is subject to the fulfillment of both a service period of 3 years, and the level of achievement of certain performance goals (revenue and EBITDA metrics), over three annual performance periods ("tranche"). These goals are set as a range of target outcomes, in the first quarter of each year, and can be attained at a rate between 0% and 150%, based on where in the range the final results fall. The fair value of each PSU is estimated separately for each tranche of the award, using the closing price of Unity's common stock on the day the performance goals are set for that tranche. The expense is the fair value of the award multiplied by the expected attainment of the related performance goals as of the balance sheet date, recognized ratably for each tranche over the period between the day the performance goal is set, and the end of the service period. The expense is adjusted each period for any changes in the expected attainment of the performance goals. Fair Value Assumptions The calculated grant-date fair value of stock options, PVUs, and PVOs granted, were estimated using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model for stock options, and a Monte Carlo stimulation for the PVUs and PVOs, with the following assumptions:
Employee Stock Purchase Plan The fair value of shares offered under our Employee Stock Purchase Plan ("ESPP") was determined on the grant date using the Black-Scholes option pricing model. The following table summarizes the assumptions used and the resulting grant-date fair values of our ESPP:
Additional information related to the ESPP is provided below (in thousands, except per share amounts):
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Income Taxes |
9 Months Ended |
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Sep. 30, 2025 | |
| Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract] | |
| Income Taxes | Income Taxes Our tax provision for interim periods is determined using an estimated annual effective tax rate, adjusted for discrete items arising in that quarter. In each quarter, we update the estimated annual effective tax rate and make a year-to-date adjustment to the provision. The estimated annual effective tax rate is subject to volatility due to several factors, including variability in accurately predicting our pre-tax income or loss and the mix of jurisdictions to which they relate, intercompany transactions, changes in how we do business, and tax law developments. Our effective tax rate for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025 differs from the U.S. federal statutory tax rate of 21% primarily due to the need to record a valuation allowance on U.S. losses and to a lesser extent tax expense on foreign earnings taxed at different rates. Our effective tax rate for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 differed from the U.S. federal statutory tax rate of 21% primarily due to the need to record a valuation allowance in the U.S. on losses, a tax benefit on foreign losses in connection with employee separation costs, and to a lesser extent, tax expense on foreign earnings taxed at different rates. In addition, during the first quarter of 2024, the Company restructured its tax operations which resulted in a reduction to the U.S. valuation allowance. The realization of deferred tax assets is dependent upon the generation of sufficient taxable income of the appropriate character in future periods. We regularly assess the ability to realize our deferred tax assets and establish a valuation allowance if it is more-likely-than-not that some portion of the deferred tax assets will not be realized. In performing this assessment with respect to each jurisdiction, we review all available positive and negative evidence. Primarily due to our history of losses, we believe that it is more likely than not that the deferred tax assets of our U.S. federal, certain U.S. states, Denmark, U.K., and other non-U.S. jurisdictions will not be realized and we have maintained a full valuation allowance against such deferred tax assets. As of September 30, 2025, we had $182.9 million of gross unrecognized tax benefits, of which $34.3 million would impact the effective tax rate, if recognized. It is reasonably possible that the amount of unrecognized tax benefits as of September 30, 2025 could increase or decrease significantly as the timing of the resolution, settlement, and closure of audits is highly uncertain. We believe that we have adequately provided for any reasonably foreseeable outcome related to our tax audits and that any settlement will not have a material impact on our financial condition and operating results at this time.
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Net Loss per Share of Common Stock |
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| Net Loss per Share of Common Stock | Net Loss per Share of Common Stock Basic and diluted net loss per share is the same for all periods presented because the effects of potentially dilutive items were antidilutive given our net loss in each period. The following table presents potentially dilutive common stock excluded from the computation of diluted net loss per share (in thousands) because the impact of including them would have been antidilutive:
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Segment Information |
9 Months Ended |
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Sep. 30, 2025 | |
| Segment Reporting [Abstract] | |
| Segment Information | Segment Information We have one reportable segment, software solutions. See "Revenue Recognition" in Note 1 of our 2024 Annual Report on Form 10-K, for detailed information regarding our products and services. Our chief operating decision maker is the chief executive officer, who on a consolidated basis, assess the performance of, drives improvements in, and decides how to allocate resources in the reportable segment, based on multiple measures of performance including consolidated net income, adjusted EBITDA, adjusted gross margin, and adjusted EPS. As such, consolidated net income, which is reported and reconciled with all significant segment expenses on our consolidated statement of operations, is the measure that is most consistent with GAAP, while adjusted EBITDA, adjusted gross margin, and adjusted EPS are additional measures of our segment profitability. The measure of segment assets is reported on the balance sheet as total consolidated assets. We do not have material intra-entity sales or transfers.
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Insider Trading Arrangements |
3 Months Ended |
|---|---|
Sep. 30, 2025 | |
| Trading Arrangements, by Individual | |
| Rule 10b5-1 Arrangement Adopted | false |
| Non-Rule 10b5-1 Arrangement Adopted | false |
| Rule 10b5-1 Arrangement Terminated | false |
| Non-Rule 10b5-1 Arrangement Terminated | false |
Accounting Policies (Policies) |
9 Months Ended |
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Sep. 30, 2025 | |
| Accounting Policies [Abstract] | |
| Basis of Presentation | Basis of Presentation and Consolidation We prepared the accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements in accordance with United States ("U.S.") generally accepted accounting principles ("GAAP") and applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission ("SEC") for interim financial reporting.
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| Consolidation | The condensed consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Unity Software Inc., its wholly owned subsidiaries, and entities consolidated under the voting interest model. We have eliminated all intercompany balances and transactions. Certain information and footnote disclosures normally included in the financial statements prepared in accordance with GAAP have been condensed or omitted pursuant to such rules and regulations. In our opinion, all adjustments, which include normal recurring adjustments necessary for a fair presentation, have been included. The results of operations for the periods presented are not necessarily indicative of the results to be expected for the full year or other periods. The unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements and notes included in our 2024 Annual Report on Form 10-K. |
| Use of Estimates | Use of Estimates The preparation of condensed consolidated financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make certain estimates, judgments, and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements, as well as the reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates, and such differences could be material to our financial position and results of operations. We review the useful lives of assets with a finite life on a recurring basis. Effective July 1, 2025, we revised our estimate of the remaining useful life for certain intangible assets from to seven years, down to to three years. These assets are included in “Intangible assets, net” on our consolidated balance sheets, are primarily “developed technology” within intangible assets, and primarily relate to assets arising from our acquisition of Wētā FX Limited in 2021. The shortened useful lives are due to certain assets no longer being actively developed and absence of currently established plans for incorporation into future Unity offerings. The effect of this change in estimate for both the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025, was an increase in amortization expense and decrease in operating income of approximately $39 million, an increase in net loss of approximately $30 million, and an increase in our basic and diluted net loss per share of approximately $0.08 per share.
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| Recent Accounting Pronouncements Not Yet Adopted | Recent Accounting Pronouncements Not Yet Adopted In July 2025, the FASB issued a new Accounting Standards Update ("ASU 2025-05") amending the guidance around estimation of credit losses on current accounts receivable and current contract assets to allow entities to elect a practical expedient to assume that the current conditions as of the balance sheet date will remain unchanged for the remaining life of the asset when developing a reasonable and supportable forecast. ASU 2025-05 is effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2025, with early adoption permitted and should be applied on a prospective basis. We are currently evaluating ASU 2025-05 to determine its impact on our financial statements. In September 2025, the FASB issued a new Accounting Standards Update ("ASU 2025-06") amending existing internal-use software guidance, changing the timing and thresholds for capitalizing these software costs. ASU 2025-06 is effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2027, with early adoption permitted and can be applied on either a prospective, modified, or retrospective basis. We are currently evaluating ASU 2025-06 to determine its impact on our financial statements.
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| Accounts Receivable, Net | Accounts Receivable, Net Accounts receivable are recorded at the original invoiced amount, net of allowances for uncollectible amounts. We estimate losses on uncollectible amounts based on expected losses, including our historical experience of actual losses.
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| Sales Commissions and Contract Balances and Remaining Performance Obligations | Sales Commissions Sales commissions that have a benefit beyond one year are capitalized and amortized on a straight-line method over the expected period of benefit, which is generally three years.Contract assets (unbilled receivables), primarily included in accounts receivable, net, are recorded when revenue is earned in advance of customer billing schedules.Contract liabilities (deferred revenue) relate to payments received in advance of performance under the contract.Additionally, we have performance obligations associated with commitments in customer contracts to perform in the future that had not yet been recognized in our consolidated financial statements. For contracts with original terms that exceed one year, those commitments not yet recognized as of September 30, 2025, were $441 million and relate primarily to Create Solutions subscriptions, Enterprise Support, and Strategic Partnerships.
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| Cash, Cash Equivalents, and Restricted Cash | Cash, Cash Equivalents, and Restricted Cash Cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash are recorded at fair value. Fair value is defined as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. To increase the comparability of fair value measures, the following hierarchy prioritizes the inputs to valuation methodologies used to measure fair value: •Level 1—Valuations based on quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities. •Level 2—Valuations based on quoted prices for similar assets and liabilities in active markets or inputs that are observable for the assets or liabilities, either directly or indirectly through market corroboration. •Level 3—Valuations based on unobservable inputs reflecting our own assumptions used to measure assets and liabilities at fair value. These valuations require significant judgment.
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Revenue (Tables) |
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| Revenue from Contract with Customer [Abstract] | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Schedule of Revenue Disaggregated by Source | The following table presents our revenue disaggregated by source, which also have similar economic characteristics (in thousands):
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| Schedule of Revenue Disaggregated by Geography | The following table presents our revenue disaggregated by geography, based on the invoice address of our customers (in thousands):
(1) Greater China includes China, Hong Kong, and Taiwan. (2) Europe, the Middle East, and Africa ("EMEA") (3) Asia-Pacific, excluding Greater China ("APAC") (4) Canada and Latin America ("Other Americas")
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Financial Instruments (Tables) |
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Sep. 30, 2025 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Investments, Debt and Equity Securities [Abstract] | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Schedule of Cash, Cash Equivalents, and Restricted Cash Measured at Fair Value on a Recurring Basis | The following table summarizes, by major security type, our cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash that are measured at fair value on a recurring basis and are categorized using the fair value hierarchy (in thousands):
(1) Due to the highly liquid nature of our investments, amortized cost approximates fair value.
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Investment in Unity China (Tables) |
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| Noncontrolling Interest [Abstract] | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Schedule of Changes in Redeemable Noncontrolling Interests | The following table presents the changes in redeemable noncontrolling interests (in thousands):
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Leases (Tables) |
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| Leases [Abstract] | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Schedule of Components of Lease Expense | Components of lease expense were as follows (in thousands):
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| Schedule of Supplemental Balance Sheet Information Related to Leases | Supplemental balance sheet information related to leases was as follows (in thousands, except weighted-average figures):
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| Schedule of Lease Liabilities | As of September 30, 2025, our lease liabilities were as follows (in thousands):
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Borrowings (Tables) |
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| Debt Disclosure [Abstract] | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Schedule of Principal and Unamortized Debt Issuance Costs and Other Material Features of Notes | The table below summarizes the principal and unamortized debt issuance costs and other material features of the Notes (in thousands):
1) We entered into capped call transactions in connection with the 2026 and 2030 Notes. The cap price of the capped call transactions relating to the Notes was initially $343.02 and $47.74, respectively, subject to certain adjustments under the terms of the capped call transactions. See below "--Capped Call Transactions."
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Commitments and Contingencies (Tables) |
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| Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure [Abstract] | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Schedule of Non-Cancelable Contractual Commitments | The following table summarizes our non-cancelable contractual commitments as of September 30, 2025 (in thousands):
(1) Operating leases consist of obligations for real estate, including leases that are not yet commenced or reflected on our consolidated balance sheet with future minimum lease payments of $18.1 million. These leases will commence in 2025 with lease terms of approximately to seven years. (2) The substantial majority of our purchase commitments are related to agreements with our data center hosting providers. (3) Convertible notes due 2026, 2027, and 2030. See Note 6, "Borrowings," above for further discussion.
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Stock-Based Compensation (Tables) |
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| Schedule of Stock-Based Compensation Expense | Stock-based compensation expense is as follows (in thousands):
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| Schedule of Stock Option Activity | A summary of our stock option, including price-vested options ("PVO"), activity is as follows:
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| Schedule of Restricted Stock Unit Activity | A summary of our restricted stock units ("RSU"), including price-vested units ("PVU"), and performance-based restricted stock units ("PSU"), activity is as follows:
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| Schedule of Grant-Date Fair Value of Stock Options Granted | The calculated grant-date fair value of stock options, PVUs, and PVOs granted, were estimated using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model for stock options, and a Monte Carlo stimulation for the PVUs and PVOs, with the following assumptions:
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| Schedule of Grant-Date Fair Values of ESPP | The following table summarizes the assumptions used and the resulting grant-date fair values of our ESPP:
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| Schedule of Additional Information Related to ESPP | Additional information related to the ESPP is provided below (in thousands, except per share amounts):
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Net Loss per Share of Common Stock (Tables) |
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Sep. 30, 2025 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Earnings Per Share [Abstract] | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Schedule of Antidilutive Securities Excluded from Computation of Diluted Net Loss Per Share | The following table presents potentially dilutive common stock excluded from the computation of diluted net loss per share (in thousands) because the impact of including them would have been antidilutive:
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Accounting Policies (Details) - USD ($) $ / shares in Units, $ in Thousands |
3 Months Ended | 9 Months Ended | ||||
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Sep. 30, 2025 |
Sep. 30, 2024 |
Sep. 30, 2025 |
Sep. 30, 2024 |
Jul. 01, 2025 |
Jun. 30, 2025 |
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| Restructuring Cost and Reserve [Line Items] | ||||||
| Decrease in operating income | $ 125,856 | $ 127,146 | $ 372,543 | $ 631,495 | ||
| Increase in net loss | $ 126,362 | $ 124,739 | $ 312,802 | $ 541,387 | ||
| Increase in basic net loss per share (USD per Share) | $ 0.30 | $ 0.31 | $ 0.75 | $ 1.38 | ||
| Increase in diluted net loss per share (USD per Share) | $ 0.30 | $ 0.31 | $ 0.75 | $ 1.38 | ||
| Cost of revenue | ||||||
| Restructuring Cost and Reserve [Line Items] | ||||||
| Employee separation costs | $ 15,000 | |||||
| Research and development | ||||||
| Restructuring Cost and Reserve [Line Items] | ||||||
| Employee separation costs | 46,000 | |||||
| Sales and marketing | ||||||
| Restructuring Cost and Reserve [Line Items] | ||||||
| Employee separation costs | 52,000 | |||||
| General and administrative | ||||||
| Restructuring Cost and Reserve [Line Items] | ||||||
| Employee separation costs | 92,000 | |||||
| Employee Severance | ||||||
| Restructuring Cost and Reserve [Line Items] | ||||||
| Employee separation costs | $ 23,000 | 205,000 | ||||
| Stock-Based Compensation | ||||||
| Restructuring Cost and Reserve [Line Items] | ||||||
| Employee separation costs | 127,000 | |||||
| Facility Closing | ||||||
| Restructuring Cost and Reserve [Line Items] | ||||||
| Restructuring costs | 16,000 | $ 45,000 | ||||
| Intangible Assets, Amortization Period | ||||||
| Restructuring Cost and Reserve [Line Items] | ||||||
| Increase in intangible assets amortization expense | $ 39,000 | 39,000 | ||||
| Decrease in operating income | 39,000 | 39,000 | ||||
| Increase in net loss | $ 30,000 | $ 30,000 | ||||
| Increase in basic net loss per share (USD per Share) | $ 0.08 | $ 0.08 | ||||
| Increase in diluted net loss per share (USD per Share) | $ 0.08 | $ 0.08 | ||||
| Minimum | ||||||
| Restructuring Cost and Reserve [Line Items] | ||||||
| Useful life for intangible assets (in years) | 1 year | 4 years | ||||
| Maximum | ||||||
| Restructuring Cost and Reserve [Line Items] | ||||||
| Useful life for intangible assets (in years) | 3 years | 7 years | ||||
Revenue - Schedule of Revenue Disaggregated by Source (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands |
3 Months Ended | 9 Months Ended | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
Sep. 30, 2025 |
Sep. 30, 2024 |
Sep. 30, 2025 |
Sep. 30, 2024 |
|
| Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items] | ||||
| Total revenue | $ 470,615 | $ 446,517 | $ 1,346,559 | $ 1,356,156 |
| Create Solutions | ||||
| Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items] | ||||
| Total revenue | 152,359 | 147,369 | 456,519 | 461,816 |
| Grow Solutions | ||||
| Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items] | ||||
| Total revenue | $ 318,256 | $ 299,148 | $ 890,040 | $ 894,340 |
Revenue - Schedule of Revenue Disaggregated by Geography (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands |
3 Months Ended | 9 Months Ended | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
Sep. 30, 2025 |
Sep. 30, 2024 |
Sep. 30, 2025 |
Sep. 30, 2024 |
|
| Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items] | ||||
| Total revenue | $ 470,615 | $ 446,517 | $ 1,346,559 | $ 1,356,156 |
| United States | ||||
| Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items] | ||||
| Total revenue | 130,741 | 128,114 | 379,396 | 398,076 |
| Greater China | ||||
| Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items] | ||||
| Total revenue | 90,458 | 65,679 | 239,235 | 187,432 |
| EMEA | ||||
| Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items] | ||||
| Total revenue | 147,953 | 157,369 | 441,262 | 488,203 |
| APAC | ||||
| Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items] | ||||
| Total revenue | 89,359 | 81,691 | 252,735 | 246,846 |
| Other Americas | ||||
| Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items] | ||||
| Total revenue | $ 12,104 | $ 13,664 | $ 33,931 | $ 35,599 |
Revenue - Accounts Receivable, Net (Narrative) (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions |
9 Months Ended | ||
|---|---|---|---|
Sep. 30, 2025 |
Sep. 30, 2024 |
Dec. 31, 2024 |
|
| Revenue from Contract with Customer [Abstract] | |||
| Accounts receivable, allowances | $ 11.4 | $ 17.3 | |
| Provision for uncollectible amounts | $ 0.9 | $ 6.5 | |
Revenue - Sales Commissions (Narrative) (Details) - USD ($) |
3 Months Ended | 9 Months Ended | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Sep. 30, 2025 |
Sep. 30, 2024 |
Sep. 30, 2025 |
Sep. 30, 2024 |
Dec. 31, 2024 |
|
| Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items] | |||||
| Capitalized contract cost, amortization period | 3 years | 3 years | |||
| Capitalized contract cost, amortization | $ 1,700,000 | $ 2,200,000 | $ 5,500,000 | $ 6,900,000 | |
| Capitalized contract cost, impairment loss | 0 | $ 0 | |||
| Prepaid Expenses and Other Current Assets | |||||
| Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items] | |||||
| Capitalized contract costs | 5,800,000 | 5,800,000 | $ 6,500,000 | ||
| Other Assets | |||||
| Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items] | |||||
| Capitalized contract costs | $ 3,200,000 | $ 3,200,000 | $ 5,400,000 | ||
Revenue - Contract Balances (Narrative) (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions |
9 Months Ended | |
|---|---|---|
Sep. 30, 2025 |
Dec. 31, 2024 |
|
| Revenue from Contract with Customer [Abstract] | ||
| Unbilled receivables | $ 19.7 | $ 20.5 |
| Revenue recognized | $ 160.0 |
Revenue - Remaining Performance Obligations (Narrative) (Details) $ in Millions |
9 Months Ended |
|---|---|
|
Sep. 30, 2025
USD ($)
| |
| Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items] | |
| Revenue, remaining performance obligation, amount | $ 441 |
| Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction, Start Date [Axis]: 2025-10-01 | |
| Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items] | |
| Revenue, remaining performance obligation, amount | $ 197 |
| Revenue, remaining performance obligation, percentage | 45.00% |
| Recognition period | 12 months |
| Minimum | |
| Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items] | |
| Commitment term | 1 year |
| Maximum | |
| Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items] | |
| Commitment term | 5 years |
Financial Instruments - Schedule of Cash, Cash Equivalents, and Restricted Cash Measured at Fair Value on a Recurring Basis (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands |
Sep. 30, 2025 |
Dec. 31, 2024 |
Sep. 30, 2024 |
Dec. 31, 2023 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Debt Securities, Available-for-sale [Line Items] | ||||
| Cash | $ 793,660 | $ 995,802 | ||
| Restricted cash and cash equivalents: | ||||
| Total cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash | 1,909,088 | 1,527,881 | $ 1,415,968 | $ 1,604,267 |
| Level 1: | ||||
| Restricted cash and cash equivalents: | ||||
| Restricted cash | 10,530 | 10,209 | ||
| Total restricted cash and cash equivalents | 1,115,428 | 532,079 | ||
| Level 1: | Money market funds | ||||
| Restricted cash and cash equivalents: | ||||
| Cash equivalents | 401,902 | 327,333 | ||
| Level 1: | Time deposits | ||||
| Restricted cash and cash equivalents: | ||||
| Cash equivalents | $ 702,996 | $ 194,537 |
Financial Instruments - Narrative (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions |
9 Months Ended | |
|---|---|---|
Sep. 30, 2025 |
Dec. 31, 2024 |
|
| Debt Securities, Available-for-sale [Line Items] | ||
| Equity investments | $ 35.0 | $ 33.0 |
| Maximum | ||
| Debt Securities, Available-for-sale [Line Items] | ||
| Ownership interest less than | 20.00% |
Investment in Unity China - Narrative (Details) |
Sep. 30, 2025 |
|---|---|
| Third Party Investors | Unity China | |
| Noncontrolling Interest [Line Items] | |
| Noncontrolling interest, percentage sold | 20.50% |
Investment in Unity China - Schedule of Changes in Redeemable Noncontrolling Interests (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands |
3 Months Ended | 9 Months Ended | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
Sep. 30, 2025 |
Sep. 30, 2024 |
Sep. 30, 2025 |
Sep. 30, 2024 |
|
| Increase (Decrease) in Temporary Equity [Roll Forward] | ||||
| Balance at beginning of period | $ 240,697 | $ 226,056 | $ 230,627 | $ 225,797 |
| Net gain/(loss) attributable to redeemable noncontrolling interests | (434) | 178 | 654 | (351) |
| Accretion for redeemable noncontrolling interests | 3,410 | 2,698 | 8,001 | 8,640 |
| Foreign currency translation and foreign exchange adjustments for redeemable noncontrolling interests | 1,487 | 7,982 | 5,878 | 2,828 |
| Balance at end of period | $ 245,160 | $ 236,914 | $ 245,160 | $ 236,914 |
Leases - Narrative (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions |
9 Months Ended | ||
|---|---|---|---|
Sep. 30, 2024 |
Sep. 30, 2025 |
Dec. 31, 2024 |
|
| Lessee, Lease, Description [Line Items] | |||
| Operating lease, weighted average remaining lease term | 4 years 1 month 6 days | 4 years 3 months 18 days | |
| Operating lease, weighted average discount rate, percent | 5.50% | 5.40% | |
| Operating lease, impairment loss | $ 12.2 | ||
| Maximum | |||
| Lessee, Lease, Description [Line Items] | |||
| Operating lease term (up to) | 8 years |
Leases - Schedule of Components of Lease Expense (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands |
3 Months Ended | 9 Months Ended | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
Sep. 30, 2025 |
Sep. 30, 2024 |
Sep. 30, 2025 |
Sep. 30, 2024 |
|
| Leases [Abstract] | ||||
| Operating lease expense | $ 8,661 | $ 10,695 | $ 24,233 | $ 31,527 |
| Variable lease expense | 1,680 | 1,395 | 4,254 | 4,613 |
| Sublease income | (1,148) | (671) | (2,661) | (1,467) |
| Total lease expense | $ 9,193 | $ 11,419 | $ 25,826 | $ 34,673 |
Leases - Schedule of Supplemental Balance Sheet Information Related to Leases (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands |
Sep. 30, 2025 |
Dec. 31, 2024 |
|---|---|---|
| Leases [Abstract] | ||
| Operating lease, right-of-use asset, statement of financial position [extensible enumeration] | Other assets | Other assets |
| Operating lease assets | $ 58,407 | $ 78,562 |
| Operating lease, liability, current, statement of financial position [extensible enumeration] | Accrued expenses and other | Accrued expenses and other |
| Current operating lease liabilities | $ 29,463 | $ 33,703 |
| Operating lease, liability, noncurrent, statement of financial position [extensible enumeration] | Other long-term liabilities | Other long-term liabilities |
| Long-term operating lease liabilities | $ 65,893 | $ 81,093 |
| Total operating lease liabilities | $ 95,356 | $ 114,796 |
Leases - Schedule of Lease Liabilities (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands |
Sep. 30, 2025 |
Dec. 31, 2024 |
|---|---|---|
| Leases [Abstract] | ||
| Gross lease liabilities | $ 106,143 | |
| Less: imputed interest | 10,787 | |
| Present value of lease liabilities | $ 95,356 | $ 114,796 |
Borrowings - Convertible Notes (Narrative) (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands |
1 Months Ended | 3 Months Ended | 9 Months Ended | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Feb. 28, 2025 |
Sep. 30, 2025 |
Sep. 30, 2024 |
Sep. 30, 2025 |
Sep. 30, 2024 |
Dec. 31, 2024 |
|
| Debt Instrument [Line Items] | ||||||
| Proceeds from issuance of convertible notes | $ 690,000 | $ 0 | ||||
| Convertible Debt | ||||||
| Debt Instrument [Line Items] | ||||||
| Debt outstanding | $ 2,200,000 | 2,200,000 | ||||
| 2026, 2027 and 2030 Notes | Convertible Debt | ||||||
| Debt Instrument [Line Items] | ||||||
| Interest expense related to amortization of debt | $ 6,100 | $ 5,800 | $ 18,000 | $ 17,700 | ||
| Principal – 2030 Notes | Convertible Debt | ||||||
| Debt Instrument [Line Items] | ||||||
| Debt face amount | $ 690,000 | |||||
| Stated interest rates | 0.00% | 0.00% | 0.00% | |||
| Proceeds from issuance of convertible notes | $ 677,000 | |||||
| Debt outstanding | $ 690,000 | $ 690,000 | $ 0 | |||
| Debt instrument, fair value | $ 1,000,000 | $ 1,000,000 | ||||
| Principal – 2027 Notes | Convertible Debt | ||||||
| Debt Instrument [Line Items] | ||||||
| Stated interest rates | 2.00% | 2.00% | ||||
| Debt outstanding | $ 1,000,000 | $ 1,000,000 | 1,000,000 | |||
| Debt instrument, fair value | 1,200,000 | $ 1,200,000 | 1,000,000 | |||
| Redemption price percentage | 100.00% | |||||
| Principal – 2026 Notes | ||||||
| Debt Instrument [Line Items] | ||||||
| Debt outstanding | $ 558,000 | $ 558,000 | ||||
| Principal – 2026 Notes | Convertible Debt | ||||||
| Debt Instrument [Line Items] | ||||||
| Stated interest rates | 0.00% | 0.00% | ||||
| Debt outstanding | $ 557,724 | $ 557,724 | 1,245,232 | |||
| Debt instrument, fair value | $ 531,000 | $ 531,000 | $ 1,100,000 | |||
Borrowings - Schedule of Principal and Unamortized Debt Issuance Costs and Other Material Features of Notes (Details) $ / shares in Units, $ in Thousands |
9 Months Ended | ||
|---|---|---|---|
|
Sep. 30, 2025
USD ($)
$ / shares
|
Feb. 28, 2025 |
Dec. 31, 2024
USD ($)
|
|
| Debt Instrument [Line Items] | |||
| Net carrying amount | $ 2,234,307 | $ 2,238,922 | |
| Convertible Debt | |||
| Debt Instrument [Line Items] | |||
| Principal | 2,200,000 | ||
| 2026, 2027 and 2030 Notes | Convertible Debt | |||
| Debt Instrument [Line Items] | |||
| Unamortized debt issuance costs, net | (13,417) | (6,310) | |
| Net carrying amount | 2,234,307 | 2,238,922 | |
| Principal – 2026 Notes | |||
| Debt Instrument [Line Items] | |||
| Principal | $ 558,000 | ||
| Cap price (USD per share) | $ / shares | $ 343.02 | ||
| Principal – 2026 Notes | Convertible Debt | |||
| Debt Instrument [Line Items] | |||
| Conversion ratio | 0.0032392 | ||
| Conversion price (USD per share) | $ / shares | $ 308.72 | ||
| Stated Interest Rates | 0.00% | ||
| Principal | $ 557,724 | 1,245,232 | |
| Principal – 2027 Notes | Convertible Debt | |||
| Debt Instrument [Line Items] | |||
| Conversion ratio | 0.0204526 | ||
| Conversion price (USD per share) | $ / shares | $ 48.89 | ||
| Stated Interest Rates | 2.00% | ||
| Principal | $ 1,000,000 | 1,000,000 | |
| Principal – 2030 Notes | |||
| Debt Instrument [Line Items] | |||
| Cap price (USD per share) | $ / shares | $ 47.74 | ||
| Principal – 2030 Notes | Convertible Debt | |||
| Debt Instrument [Line Items] | |||
| Conversion ratio | 0.0276656 | ||
| Conversion price (USD per share) | $ / shares | $ 36.15 | ||
| Stated Interest Rates | 0.00% | 0.00% | |
| Principal | $ 690,000 | $ 0 |
Borrowings - Convertible Note Repurchase (Narrative) (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands |
3 Months Ended | 9 Months Ended | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
Mar. 31, 2025 |
Mar. 31, 2024 |
Sep. 30, 2025 |
Sep. 30, 2024 |
|
| Debt Instrument [Line Items] | ||||
| Pre-tax gains | $ 42,744 | $ 61,371 | ||
| Principal – 2026 Notes | Convertible Debt | ||||
| Debt Instrument [Line Items] | ||||
| Repurchased principal amount | $ 688,000 | $ 480,000 | ||
| Aggregate repurchase price | 642,000 | 415,000 | ||
| Pre-tax gains | $ 42,700 | $ 61,400 | ||
Borrowings - Capped Call Transactions (Narrative) (Details) $ / shares in Units, shares in Millions, $ in Millions |
9 Months Ended |
|---|---|
|
Sep. 30, 2025
USD ($)
$ / shares
shares
| |
| Principal – 2026 Notes | |
| Debt Instrument [Line Items] | |
| Net cost incurred | $ | $ 48.1 |
| Number of common shares (in shares) | shares | 5.6 |
| Strike price (USD per share) | $ 308.72 |
| Cap price (USD per share) | $ 343.02 |
| Principal – 2030 Notes | |
| Debt Instrument [Line Items] | |
| Net cost incurred | $ | $ 44.4 |
| Number of common shares (in shares) | shares | 19.1 |
| Strike price (USD per share) | $ 36.15 |
| Cap price (USD per share) | $ 47.74 |
Commitments and Contingencies - Schedule of Non-Cancelable Contractual Commitments (Details) $ in Thousands |
Sep. 30, 2025
USD ($)
|
|---|---|
| Operating leases | |
| Total | $ 124,279 |
| Remainder of 2025 | 11,107 |
| 2026‑2027 | 59,893 |
| 2028‑2029 | 35,378 |
| Thereafter | 17,901 |
| Purchase commitments | |
| Total | 811,568 |
| Remainder of 2025 | 174,531 |
| 2026‑2027 | 380,700 |
| 2028‑2029 | 256,337 |
| Thereafter | 0 |
| Convertible note principal and interest | |
| Total | 2,297,724 |
| Remainder of 2025 | 10,000 |
| 2026‑2027 | 1,597,724 |
| 2028‑2029 | 0 |
| Thereafter | 690,000 |
| Total | |
| Total | 3,233,571 |
| Remainder of 2025 | 195,638 |
| 2026‑2027 | 2,038,317 |
| 2028‑2029 | 291,715 |
| Thereafter | 707,901 |
| Leases not yet commenced | $ 18,100 |
| Minimum | |
| Total | |
| Lessee, operating lease, lease not yet commenced, term | 3 years 2 months |
| Maximum | |
| Total | |
| Lessee, operating lease, lease not yet commenced, term | 7 years |
Commitments and Contingencies - Narrative (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions |
Sep. 30, 2025 |
Dec. 31, 2024 |
|---|---|---|
| Letter of Credit | ||
| Long-term Purchase Commitment [Line Items] | ||
| Letter of credit outstanding | $ 10.5 | $ 10.2 |
Stock-Based Compensation - Schedule of Stock-Based Compensation Expense (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands |
3 Months Ended | 9 Months Ended | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
Sep. 30, 2025 |
Sep. 30, 2024 |
Sep. 30, 2025 |
Sep. 30, 2024 |
|
| Share-based Payment Arrangement, Expensed and Capitalized, Amount [Line Items] | ||||
| Total stock-based compensation expense | $ 91,968 | $ 104,617 | $ 292,362 | $ 485,893 |
| Cost of revenue | ||||
| Share-based Payment Arrangement, Expensed and Capitalized, Amount [Line Items] | ||||
| Total stock-based compensation expense | 9,111 | 10,334 | 28,084 | 35,051 |
| Research and development | ||||
| Share-based Payment Arrangement, Expensed and Capitalized, Amount [Line Items] | ||||
| Total stock-based compensation expense | 46,061 | 58,582 | 147,706 | 203,228 |
| Sales and marketing | ||||
| Share-based Payment Arrangement, Expensed and Capitalized, Amount [Line Items] | ||||
| Total stock-based compensation expense | 17,894 | 21,885 | 57,063 | 108,138 |
| General and administrative | ||||
| Share-based Payment Arrangement, Expensed and Capitalized, Amount [Line Items] | ||||
| Total stock-based compensation expense | $ 18,902 | $ 13,816 | $ 59,509 | $ 139,476 |
Stock-Based Compensation - Narrative (Details) shares in Thousands, $ in Millions |
3 Months Ended | 9 Months Ended | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Sep. 30, 2025
shares
|
Mar. 31, 2025
annual_performance_period
|
Sep. 30, 2025
shares
|
Sep. 30, 2024
USD ($)
|
|
| Share-based Payment Arrangement, Expensed and Capitalized, Amount [Line Items] | ||||
| Incremental stock expense | $ | $ 94 | |||
| Price-Vested Options | ||||
| Share-based Payment Arrangement, Expensed and Capitalized, Amount [Line Items] | ||||
| Award requisite service period | 4 years | |||
| Award performance period | 6 years | |||
| Number of options vested (in shares) | shares | 420 | 420 | ||
| Price-Vested Units | ||||
| Share-based Payment Arrangement, Expensed and Capitalized, Amount [Line Items] | ||||
| Award requisite service period | 4 years | |||
| Award performance period | 7 years | |||
| Performance Shares | ||||
| Share-based Payment Arrangement, Expensed and Capitalized, Amount [Line Items] | ||||
| Award requisite service period | 3 years | |||
| Number of annual performance periods | annual_performance_period | 3 | |||
| Performance Shares | Minimum | ||||
| Share-based Payment Arrangement, Expensed and Capitalized, Amount [Line Items] | ||||
| Award vesting rights (in percent) | 0 | |||
| Performance Shares | Maximum | ||||
| Share-based Payment Arrangement, Expensed and Capitalized, Amount [Line Items] | ||||
| Award vesting rights (in percent) | 1.50 | |||
Stock-Based Compensation - Schedule of Stock Option Activity (Details) - $ / shares |
9 Months Ended | 12 Months Ended |
|---|---|---|
Sep. 30, 2025 |
Dec. 31, 2024 |
|
| Stock Options Outstanding | ||
| Beginning balance (in shares) | 23,158,212 | |
| Granted (in shares) | 206,244 | |
| Exercised (in shares) | (7,581,636) | |
| Forfeited, cancelled, or expired (in shares) | (1,388,140) | |
| Ending balance (in shares) | 14,394,680 | 23,158,212 |
| Weighted-Average Exercise Price | ||
| Beginning balance (USD per share) | $ 21.10 | |
| Granted (USD per share) | 24.72 | |
| Exercised (USD per share) | 8.81 | |
| Forfeited, cancelled, or expired (USD per share) | 46.72 | |
| Ending balance (USD per share) | $ 25.15 | $ 21.10 |
| Weighted-Average Remaining Contractual Term (In Years) | ||
| Options outstanding, Weighted average remaining contractual term | 4 years 7 months 20 days | 4 years 2 months 26 days |
Stock-Based Compensation - Schedule of Restricted Stock Unit Activity (Details) - Unvested RSUs, PVUs and PSUs |
9 Months Ended |
|---|---|
|
Sep. 30, 2025
$ / shares
shares
| |
| Number of Shares | |
| Unvested at beginning of period (in shares) | shares | 30,013,275 |
| Granted (in shares) | shares | 14,140,701 |
| Vested (in shares) | shares | (9,588,758) |
| Forfeited (in shares) | shares | (6,264,133) |
| Unvested at end of period (in shares) | shares | 28,301,085 |
| Weighted-Average Grant-Date Fair Value | |
| Unvested at beginning of period (USD per share) | $ / shares | $ 26.03 |
| Granted (USD per share) | $ / shares | 23.59 |
| Vested (USD per share) | $ / shares | 29.18 |
| Forfeited (USD per share) | $ / shares | 23.90 |
| Unvested at end of period (USD per share) | $ / shares | $ 24.21 |
Stock-Based Compensation - Schedule of Grant-Date Fair Value of Stock Options Granted (Details) - Stock options and PVUs, and PVOs - $ / shares |
3 Months Ended | 9 Months Ended | |
|---|---|---|---|
Sep. 30, 2024 |
Sep. 30, 2025 |
Sep. 30, 2024 |
|
| Share-based Payment Arrangement, Expensed and Capitalized, Amount [Line Items] | |||
| Expected dividend yield | 0.00% | 0.00% | 0.00% |
| Risk-free interest rate, minimum | 3.50% | 3.50% | |
| Risk-free interest rate, maximum | 4.20% | 4.40% | |
| Risk-free interest rate | 4.10% | ||
| Expected volatility, minimum | 60.00% | 60.00% | |
| Expected volatility, maximum | 67.30% | 67.30% | |
| Expected volatility | 69.50% | ||
| Expected term (in years) | 6 years 3 months | ||
| Fair value of underlying common stock (USD per share) | $ 24.72 | ||
| Minimum | |||
| Share-based Payment Arrangement, Expensed and Capitalized, Amount [Line Items] | |||
| Expected term (in years) | 6 years 3 months | 6 years 3 months | |
| Fair value of underlying common stock (USD per share) | $ 15.60 | $ 15.60 | |
| Maximum | |||
| Share-based Payment Arrangement, Expensed and Capitalized, Amount [Line Items] | |||
| Expected term (in years) | 10 years | 10 years | |
| Fair value of underlying common stock (USD per share) | $ 16.75 | $ 26.89 | |
Stock-Based Compensation - Schedule of Grant-Date Fair Values of ESPP (Details) - Employee Stock Purchase Plan - $ / shares |
3 Months Ended | 9 Months Ended | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
Sep. 30, 2025 |
Sep. 30, 2024 |
Sep. 30, 2025 |
Sep. 30, 2024 |
|
| Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items] | ||||
| Expected dividend yield | 0.00% | 0.00% | 0.00% | 0.00% |
| Risk-free interest rate | 4.00% | 4.90% | ||
| Risk-free interest rate, minimum | 4.00% | 4.90% | ||
| Risk-free interest rate, maximum | 4.30% | 5.30% | ||
| Expected volatility | 72.40% | 49.30% | ||
| Expected volatility, minimum | 72.40% | 49.30% | ||
| Expected volatility, maximum | 73.40% | 56.00% | ||
| Expected term (in years) | 6 months | 6 months | 6 months | 6 months |
| Grant-date fair value per share (USD per share) | $ 14.03 | $ 4.82 | ||
| Minimum | ||||
| Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items] | ||||
| Grant-date fair value per share (USD per share) | $ 9.26 | $ 4.82 | ||
| Maximum | ||||
| Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items] | ||||
| Grant-date fair value per share (USD per share) | $ 14.03 | $ 9.11 | ||
Stock-Based Compensation - Schedule of Additional Information Related to ESPP (Details) - Employee Stock Purchase Plan - $ / shares |
3 Months Ended | 9 Months Ended | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
Sep. 30, 2025 |
Sep. 30, 2024 |
Sep. 30, 2025 |
Sep. 30, 2024 |
|
| Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items] | ||||
| Shares issued under the ESPP (in shares) | 438,133 | 610,458 | 1,132,006 | 1,161,604 |
| Weighted-average price per share issued (USD per share) | $ 20.14 | $ 13.91 | $ 16.49 | $ 19.13 |
Income Taxes (Details) $ in Millions |
Sep. 30, 2025
USD ($)
|
|---|---|
| Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract] | |
| Unrecognized tax benefits | $ 182.9 |
| Unrecognized tax benefits that would impact effective tax rate | $ 34.3 |
Net Loss per Share of Common Stock (Details) - shares shares in Thousands |
9 Months Ended | |
|---|---|---|
Sep. 30, 2025 |
Sep. 30, 2024 |
|
| Convertible notes | ||
| Antidilutive Securities Excluded from Computation of Earnings Per Share [Line Items] | ||
| Antidilutive securities excluded from computation of earnings per share (in shares) | 41,348 | 24,488 |
| Stock options and PVOs | ||
| Antidilutive Securities Excluded from Computation of Earnings Per Share [Line Items] | ||
| Antidilutive securities excluded from computation of earnings per share (in shares) | 14,395 | 26,235 |
| Unvested RSUs, PVUs, and PSUs | ||
| Antidilutive Securities Excluded from Computation of Earnings Per Share [Line Items] | ||
| Antidilutive securities excluded from computation of earnings per share (in shares) | 28,301 | 34,952 |
Segment Information (Details) |
9 Months Ended |
|---|---|
|
Sep. 30, 2025
segment
| |
| Segment Reporting [Abstract] | |
| Number of reportable segments | 1 |