COLUMBIA FINANCIAL, INC., 10-K filed on 2/29/2024
Annual Report
v3.24.0.1
Cover Page - USD ($)
$ in Millions
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2023
Feb. 23, 2024
Jun. 30, 2023
Cover [Abstract]      
Document Type 10-K    
Document Annual Report true    
Document Period End Date Dec. 31, 2023    
Current Fiscal Year End Date --12-31    
Document Transition Report false    
Entity File Number 001-38456    
Entity Registrant Name COLUMBIA FINANCIAL, INC.    
Entity Incorporation, State or Country Code DE    
Entity Tax Identification Number 22-3504946    
Entity Address, Address Line One 19-01 Route 208 North,    
Entity Address, City or Town Fair Lawn,    
Entity Address, State or Province NJ    
Entity Address, Postal Zip Code 07410    
City Area Code 800    
Local Phone Number 522-4167    
Title of 12(b) Security Common stock, par value $0.01 per share    
Trading Symbol CLBK    
Security Exchange Name NASDAQ    
Entity Well-known Seasoned Filer Yes    
Entity Voluntary Filers No    
Entity Current Reporting Status Yes    
Entity Interactive Data Current Yes    
Entity Filer Category Accelerated Filer    
Entity Small Business false    
Entity Emerging Growth Company false    
ICFR Auditor Attestation Flag true    
Document Financial Statement Error Correction [Flag] false    
Entity Shell Company false    
Entity Public Float     $ 429.2
Entity Common Stock, Shares Outstanding (in shares)   104,921,729  
Documents Incorporated by Reference
Portions of the Registrant’s Proxy Statement for the 2024 Annual Meeting of Stockholders are incorporated by reference into Part III of this Form 10-K.
   
Entity Central Index Key 0001723596    
Document Fiscal Year Focus 2023    
Document Fiscal Period (Q1,Q2,Q3,FY) FY    
Amendment Flag false    
v3.24.0.1
Audit Information
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2023
Audit Information [Abstract]  
Auditor Name KPMG LLP
Auditor Firm ID 185
Auditor Location Short Hills, New Jersey
v3.24.0.1
Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition - USD ($)
$ in Thousands
Dec. 31, 2023
Dec. 31, 2022
Assets    
Cash and due from banks $ 423,140 $ 179,097
Short-term investments 109 131
Total cash and cash equivalents 423,249 179,228
Debt securities available for sale, at fair value 1,093,557 1,328,634
Debt securities held to maturity, at amortized cost (fair value of $357,177 and $370,391 at December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively) 401,154 421,523
Equity securities, at fair value 4,079 3,384
Federal Home Loan Bank stock 81,022 58,114
Loans receivable 7,874,537 7,677,564
Less: allowance for credit losses 55,096 52,803
Loans receivable, net 7,819,441 7,624,761
Accrued interest receivable 39,345 33,898
Office properties and equipment, net 83,577 83,877
Bank-owned life insurance ("BOLI") 268,362 264,854
Goodwill and intangible assets 123,350 125,142
Other assets 308,432 284,754
Total assets 10,645,568 10,408,169
Liabilities:    
Deposits 7,846,556 8,001,159
Borrowings 1,528,695 1,127,047
Advance payments by borrowers for taxes and insurance 43,509 45,460
Accrued expenses and other liabilities 186,473 180,908
Total liabilities 9,605,233 9,354,574
Stockholders' equity:    
Preferred stock, $0.01 par value. 10,000,000 shares authorized; none issued and outstanding at December 31, 2023 and 2022 0 0
Common stock, $0.01 par value. 500,000,000 shares authorized; 131,155,268 shares issued and 104,918,905 shares outstanding at December 31, 2023, and 130,900,673 shares issued and 108,970,476 shares outstanding at December 31, 2022 1,312 1,309
Additional paid-in capital 791,450 781,165
Retained earnings 893,604 857,518
Accumulated other comprehensive loss (158,735) (179,296)
Treasury stock, at cost; 26,236,363 shares at December 31, 2023 and 21,930,197 shares at December 31, 2022 (454,128) (371,708)
Common stock held by the Employee Stock Ownership Plan (32,478) (34,750)
Stock held by Rabbi Trust (2,955) (3,149)
Deferred compensation obligations 2,265 2,506
Total stockholders' equity 1,040,335 1,053,595
Total liabilities and stockholders' equity $ 10,645,568 $ 10,408,169
v3.24.0.1
Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition (Parenthetical) - USD ($)
$ in Thousands
Dec. 31, 2023
Dec. 31, 2022
Assets    
Debt securities held to maturity $ 357,177 $ 370,391
Stockholders' equity:    
Preferred stock, par value (in dollars per share) $ 0.01 $ 0.01
Preferred stock, shares authorized (in shares) 10,000,000 10,000,000
Preferred stock, shares issued (in shares) 0 0
Preferred stock, shares outstanding (in shares) 0 0
Common stock, par value (in dollars per share) $ 0.01 $ 0.01
Common stock, shares authorized (in shares) 500,000,000 500,000,000
Common stock, shares issued (in shares) 131,155,268 130,900,673
Common stock, shares outstanding (in shares) 104,918,905 108,970,476
Treasury stock, shares (in shares) 26,236,363 21,930,197
v3.24.0.1
Consolidated Statements of Income - USD ($)
$ in Thousands
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2023
Dec. 31, 2022
Dec. 31, 2021
Interest income:      
Loans receivable $ 343,770 $ 263,559 $ 228,841
Debt securities available for sale and equity securities 28,120 34,221 30,211
Debt securities held to maturity 9,708 9,694 8,632
Federal funds and interest-earning deposits 8,188 474 430
Federal Home Loan Bank stock dividends 5,192 1,722 2,036
Total interest income 394,978 309,670 270,150
Interest expense:      
Deposits 125,162 27,878 29,109
Borrowings 63,940 15,015 7,907
Total interest expense 189,102 42,893 37,016
Net interest income 205,876 266,777 233,134
Provision for (reversal of) credit losses [1] 4,787 5,485 (9,953)
Net interest income after provision for (reversal of) credit losses 201,089 261,292 243,087
Non-interest income:      
Bank-owned life insurance 10,126 7,393 5,994
Loan fees and service charges 4,510 3,924 2,983
(Loss) gain on securities transactions (10,847) 210 2,025
Change in fair value of equity securities 695 (401) (1,792)
Gain on sale of loans 1,214 178 10,790
Other non-interest income 14,136 10,380 8,940
Total non-interest income 27,379 30,400 38,831
Non-interest expense:      
Compensation and employee benefits 120,846 116,926 99,534
Occupancy 22,927 22,589 20,071
Federal deposit insurance premiums 8,639 2,591 2,374
Advertising 2,805 2,865 2,358
Professional fees 9,824 8,158 7,363
Data processing and software expenses 15,039 13,362 11,497
Merger-related expenses 606 2,810 822
Loss on extinguishment of debt 300 0 2,851
Other non-interest expense 1,431 5,515 8,867
Total non-interest expense 182,417 174,816 155,737
Income before income tax expense 46,051 116,876 126,181
Income tax expense 9,965 30,703 34,132
Net income $ 36,086 $ 86,173 $ 92,049
Earnings per share - basic (in dollars per share) $ 0.35 $ 0.82 $ 0.88
Earnings per share - diluted (in dollars per share) $ 0.35 $ 0.81 $ 0.88
Weighted average shares outstanding - basic (in shares) 102,656,388 105,580,823 104,156,112
Weighted average shares outstanding - diluted (in shares) 102,894,969 106,193,161 104,156,112
Demand deposit account fees      
Non-interest income:      
Revenue $ 5,145 $ 5,293 $ 3,803
Title insurance fees      
Non-interest income:      
Revenue $ 2,400 $ 3,423 $ 6,088
[1]
(1) The Company adopted ASU 2016-13 as of January 1, 2022. Prior year period has not been restated.
v3.24.0.1
Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss) - USD ($)
$ in Thousands
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2023
Dec. 31, 2022
Dec. 31, 2021
Statement of Comprehensive Income [Abstract]      
Net income $ 36,086 $ 86,173 $ 92,049
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax:      
Unrealized gain (loss) on debt securities available for sale 29,637 (137,255) (30,979)
Accretion of unrealized loss on debt securities reclassified as held to maturity (10) (22) (3)
Reclassification adjustment for (loss) gain included in net income (7,794) 151 1,598
Total other comprehensive (loss) income, available-for-sale securities and held-to-maturity adjustments, net of tax 21,833 (137,126) (29,384)
Derivatives, net of tax:      
Unrealized (loss) gain on swap contracts accounted for as cash flow hedges (918) 5,421 11,939
Total derivative, net of tax (918) 5,421 11,939
Employee benefit plans, net of tax:      
Amortization of prior service cost included in net income (40) (41) (39)
Reclassification adjustment of actuarial net (loss) included in net income (558) (1,928) (2,915)
Change in funded status of retirement obligations 244 297 44,105
Total employee benefit plans, net of tax (354) (1,672) 41,151
Total other comprehensive income (loss) 20,561 (133,377) 23,706
Total comprehensive income (loss), net of tax $ 56,647 $ (47,204) $ 115,755
v3.24.0.1
Consolidated Statements of Changes in Stockholders' Equity - USD ($)
$ in Thousands
Total
Restricted Stock
Impact of adopting ASU 2016-13 (CECL) effective January 1, 2022
Cumulative Effect, Period of Adoption, Adjusted Balance
Common Stock
Common Stock
Restricted Stock
Common Stock
Cumulative Effect, Period of Adoption, Adjusted Balance
Additional Paid-in-Capital
Additional Paid-in-Capital
Restricted Stock
Additional Paid-in-Capital
Cumulative Effect, Period of Adoption, Adjusted Balance
Retained Earnings
Retained Earnings
Impact of adopting ASU 2016-13 (CECL) effective January 1, 2022
Retained Earnings
Cumulative Effect, Period of Adoption, Adjusted Balance
Accumulated Other Comprehensive (Loss)
Accumulated Other Comprehensive (Loss)
Cumulative Effect, Period of Adoption, Adjusted Balance
Treasury Stock
Treasury Stock
Cumulative Effect, Period of Adoption, Adjusted Balance
Common Stock Held by the Employee Stock Ownership Plan
Common Stock Held by the Employee Stock Ownership Plan
Cumulative Effect, Period of Adoption, Adjusted Balance
Stock Held by Rabbi Trust
Stock Held by Rabbi Trust
Cumulative Effect, Period of Adoption, Adjusted Balance
Deferred Compensation Obligations
Deferred Compensation Obligations
Cumulative Effect, Period of Adoption, Adjusted Balance
Balance at beginning of period at Dec. 31, 2020 $ 1,011,287       $ 1,220     $ 609,531     $ 673,084     $ (69,625)   $ (163,015)   $ (39,293)   $ (1,875)   $ 1,260  
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]                                              
Net income 92,049                   92,049                        
Other comprehensive income (loss) 23,706                         23,706                  
Issuance of common stock 47,260       26     47,234                              
Treasury stock allocated to restricted stock award grants 0             (733)               733              
Stock based compensation 8,880             8,880                              
Purchase of treasury stock shares (107,774)                             (107,774)              
Exercise of stock options (25)             (25)                              
Restricted stock forfeitures 0             1,234               (1,234)              
Repurchase shares for taxes (357)                             (357)              
Employee Stock Ownership Plan shares committed to be released 4,052             1,785                   2,267          
Funding of deferred compensation obligations 3                                     (550)   553  
Balance at end of year at Dec. 31, 2021 $ 1,079,081   $ 6,212 $ 1,085,293 1,246   $ 1,246 667,906   $ 667,906 765,133 $ 6,212 $ 771,345 (45,919) $ (45,919) (271,647) $ (271,647) (37,026) $ (37,026) (2,425) $ (2,425) 1,813 $ 1,813
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]                                              
Accounting Standards Update [Extensible List] Accounting Standards Update 2016-13                                            
Net income $ 86,173                   86,173                        
Other comprehensive income (loss) (133,377)                         (133,377)                  
Issuance of common stock 102,250 $ 0     61 $ 2   102,189 $ (2)                            
Stock based compensation 7,440             7,440                              
Purchase of treasury stock shares (93,996)                             (93,996)              
Exercise of stock options (393)             (393)                              
Restricted stock forfeitures 0             1,451               (1,451)              
Repurchase shares for taxes (4,614)                             (4,614)              
Employee Stock Ownership Plan shares committed to be released 4,850             2,574                   2,276          
Funding of deferred compensation obligations (31)                                     (724)   693  
Balance at end of year at Dec. 31, 2022 1,053,595       1,309     781,165     857,518     (179,296)   (371,708)   (34,750)   (3,149)   2,506  
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]                                              
Net income 36,086                   36,086                        
Other comprehensive income (loss) 20,561                         20,561                  
Issuance of common stock   $ 10       $ 3     $ 7                            
Stock based compensation 7,979             7,979                              
Purchase of treasury stock shares (80,497)                             (80,497)              
Exercise of stock options (24)             (24)                              
Restricted stock forfeitures 0             500               (500)              
Repurchase shares for taxes (623)                             (623)              
Excise tax on net stock repurchases (800)                             (800)              
Employee Stock Ownership Plan shares committed to be released 4,095             1,823                   2,272          
Funding of deferred compensation obligations (47)                                     194   (241)  
Balance at end of year at Dec. 31, 2023 $ 1,040,335       $ 1,312     $ 791,450     $ 893,604     $ (158,735)   $ (454,128)   $ (32,478)   $ (2,955)   $ 2,265  
v3.24.0.1
Consolidated Statements of Changes in Stockholders' Equity (Parenthetical) - shares
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2023
Dec. 31, 2022
Dec. 31, 2021
Issuance of common stock (in shares)   6,086,314 2,591,007
Treasury stock, shares purchased (in shares) 4,242,693 4,464,405 6,055,119
Exercise of stock options (in shares) 44,117 315,703 28,522
Restricted stock, shares forfeited (in shares) 29,806 68,677 65,509
Repurchased shares for taxes (in shares) 33,667 208,830 19,820
Restricted Stock      
Issuance of common stock (in shares) 247,646 51,746  
v3.24.0.1
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows - USD ($)
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2023
Dec. 31, 2022
Dec. 31, 2021
Cash flows from operating activities:      
Net income $ 36,086,000 $ 86,173,000 $ 92,049,000
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:      
Amortization of deferred loan costs, fees and purchased premiums and discounts 5,606,000 6,063,000 2,121,000
Net amortization of premiums and discounts on securities 1,440,000 2,771,000 4,482,000
Net amortization of mortgage servicing rights 239,000 233,000 266,000
Amortization of intangible assets 2,350,000 1,980,000 1,025,000
Depreciation and amortization of office properties and equipment 7,767,000 7,317,000 6,718,000
Amortization of operating lease right-of-use assets 3,916,000 3,821,000 3,633,000
Loss on extinguishment of debt 300,000 0 2,851,000
Provision for (reversal of) credit losses [1] 4,787,000 5,485,000 (9,953,000)
Net loss (gain) on securities transactions 10,847,000 (210,000) (2,025,000)
Change in fair value of equity securities (695,000) 401,000 1,792,000
Gain on securitizations 0 0 (2,259,000)
Gain on sale of loans, net (1,214,000) (178,000) (8,531,000)
Net loss on disposal of office properties and equipment 168,000 242,000 95,000
Deferred tax (benefit) expense 3,375,000 12,769,000 17,709,000
(Increase) decrease in accrued interest receivable (5,447,000) (4,689,000) 2,023,000
(Increase) in other assets (33,992,000) (9,884,000) (22,159,000)
Increase in accrued expenses and other liabilities 3,282,000 24,998,000 1,926,000
Income on bank-owned life insurance (10,126,000) (7,393,000) (5,994,000)
Employee stock ownership plan expense 4,095,000 4,850,000 4,052,000
Stock based compensation 7,979,000 7,440,000 8,880,000
(Decrease) increase in deferred compensation obligations under Rabbi Trust (47,000) (31,000) 3,000
Net cash provided by operating activities 40,716,000 142,158,000 98,704,000
Cash flows from investing activities:      
Proceeds from sales of debt securities available for sale 277,022,000 126,772,000 90,339,000
Proceeds from sales of equity securities 0 0 1,390,000
Proceeds from paydown/maturities/calls of debt securities available for sale 100,855,000 281,959,000 368,249,000
Proceeds from paydown/maturities/calls of debt securities held to maturity 20,221,000 31,151,000 36,103,000
Purchases of debt securities available for sale (124,618,000) (147,181,000) (667,015,000)
Purchases of debt securities held to maturity 0 (23,298,000) (203,779,000)
Purchases of equity securities 0 0 (91,000)
Proceeds from sales of loans held-for-sale 121,372,000 9,639,000 302,039,000
Purchases of loans receivable (14,729,000) (8,315,000) (85,382,000)
Net increase in loans receivable (311,299,000) (987,753,000) (325,917,000)
Proceeds from bank-owned life insurance death benefits 1,364,000 1,031,000 5,000
Proceeds from redemptions of Federal Home Loan Bank stock 91,132,000 77,362,000 28,448,000
Purchases of Federal Home Loan Bank stock (114,040,000) (111,429,000) (4,798,000)
Proceeds from sales of office properties and equipment 0 1,772,000 1,879,000
Additions to office properties and equipment (7,635,000) (7,204,000) (5,492,000)
Net cash acquired in acquisitions 0 140,769,000 20,417,000
Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities 39,645,000 (614,725,000) (443,605,000)
Cash flows from financing activities:      
Net (decrease) increase in deposits (154,603,000) (71,789,000) 581,475,000
Proceeds from long-term borrowings 536,113,000 335,893,000 37,120,000
Payments on long-term borrowings (11,300,000) (38,725,000) (306,752,000)
Net (decrease) increase in short-term borrowings (93,165,000) 446,808,000 (244,027,000)
Proceeds from term note 0 0 29,841,000
Repayment of term note (30,300,000) 0 0
(Decrease) increase in advance payments by borrowers for taxes and insurance (1,951,000) 7,648,000 3,406,000
Issuance of common stock for restricted stock awards 10,000 0 0
Purchase of treasury stock (80,497,000) (93,996,000) (107,774,000)
Exercise of stock options (24,000) (393,000) (25,000)
Repurchase of shares for taxes (623,000) (4,614,000) (357,000)
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities 163,660,000 580,832,000 (7,093,000)
Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents 244,021,000 108,265,000 (351,994,000)
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of year 179,228,000 70,963,000 422,957,000
Cash and cash equivalents at end of year 423,249,000 179,228,000 70,963,000
Cash paid during the period for:      
Interest on deposits and borrowings 183,568,000 41,077,000 37,906,000
Income tax payments, net of refunds 9,253,000 15,729,000 16,262,000
Non-cash investing and financing activities:      
Transfer of loans receivable to loans held-for-sale 120,955,000 9,461,000 289,362,000
Securitization of loans 0 0 99,603,000
Excise tax on net stock repurchases 800,000 0 0
Non-cash assets acquired:      
Debt securities available for sale 0 79,024,000 118,017,000
Equity securities 0 1,075,000 0
Federal Home Loan Bank stock 0 906,000 3,032,000
Loans receivable 0 335,501,000 158,912,000
Accrued interest receivable 0 910,000 867,000
Office properties and equipment, net 0 7,296,000 5,934,000
Bank-owned life insurance 0 13,033,000 8,661,000
Core deposit intangibles 0 9,780,000 42,000
Other assets 0 6,356,000 616,000
Total non-cash assets acquired 0 453,881,000 296,081,000
Liabilities assumed:      
Deposits 0 502,732,000 210,117,000
Borrowings 0 5,762,000 59,908,000
Advance payments by borrowers for taxes and insurance 0 1,341,000 495,000
Accrued expenses and other liabilities 0 10,568,000 4,822,000
Total liabilities assumed 0 520,403,000 275,342,000
Net non-cash (liabilities assumed) assets acquired 0 (66,522,000) 20,739,000
Net cash and cash equivalents acquired in acquisitions $ 0 $ 140,769,000 $ 20,417,000
[1]
(1) The Company adopted ASU 2016-13 as of January 1, 2022. Prior year period has not been restated.
v3.24.0.1
Business
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2023
Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements [Abstract]  
Business Business
On December 1, 2021, the Company completed its acquisition of Freehold Bancorp, MHC, Freehold Bancorp, Inc. and Freehold Bank (collectively, the "Freehold Entities" or "Freehold"). Pursuant to the terms of the Merger Agreement, Freehold Bancorp, MHC merged with and into the MHC, with the MHC as the surviving entity; and Freehold Bancorp, Inc. merged with and into Columbia Financial, with Columbia Financial as the surviving entity. In connection with the merger, Freehold Bank converted to a federal savings bank and operates as a wholly-owned subsidiary of Columbia Financial. The Company intends to merge Freehold Bank into Columbia Bank at a future date that has not yet been determined. Under the terms of the merger agreement, upon the subsequent merger of the two banks, depositors of Freehold Bank will become depositors of Columbia Bank and will have the same rights and privileges in the MHC as if their accounts had been established at Columbia Bank on the date established at Freehold Bank. The Company issued 2,591,007 shares of its common stock to the MHC, representing an amount equal to the fair value of the Freehold Entities as determined by an independent appraiser, at the effective time of the holding company mergers.

On May 1, 2022, the Company completed its acquisition of RSI Bancorp, M.H.C., RSI Bancorp, Inc. and RSI Bank (collectively, the “RSI Entities” or "RSI"). Pursuant to the terms of the merger agreement, RSI Bancorp, M.H.C. merged with and into the MHC, with the MHC as the surviving entity; RSI Bancorp, Inc. merged with and into Columbia Financial, with Columbia Financial as the surviving entity; and RSI Bank merged with and into Columbia Bank, with Columbia Bank as the surviving institution. Under the terms of the merger agreement, depositors of RSI Bank became depositors of Columbia Bank and have the same rights and privileges in the MHC as if their accounts had been established at Columbia Bank on the date established at RSI Bank. The Company issued 6,086,314 shares of its common stock to the MHC, representing an amount equal to the discounted fair value of the RSI Entities as determined by an independent appraiser, at the effective time of the merger.
v3.24.0.1
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2023
Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements [Abstract]  
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
Principles of Consolidation

The accompanying consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Columbia Financial, Inc., its wholly-owned subsidiaries, Columbia Bank ("Columbia"), Freehold Bank ("Freehold"), and Columbia's wholly-owned subsidiaries, Columbia Investment Services, Inc., 2500 Broadway Corp., 1901 Residential Management Co. LLC, First Jersey Title Services, Inc., 1901 Commercial Management Co. LLC, Stewardship Realty LLC, CSB Realty Corp., and RSI Insurance Agency, Inc., (collectively, the “Company”). The accounts of the MHC are not consolidated in the consolidated financial statements of the Company. In consolidation, all intercompany accounts and transactions are eliminated. Certain reclassifications have been made in the consolidated financial statements to conform with current year classifications.

The Company also owns 100% of the common stock of Stewardship Statutory Trust I, which is a trust incorporated in Delaware which was also acquired in the Company's merger with Stewardship in November 2019. In accordance with ASC Topic 810, Consolidation, this Trust was classified as a variable interest entity and did not satisfy the conditions for consolidation. Accordingly, this Trust, which owns $7.0 million of trust preferred securities, which represents 100% of the assets, is treated as an unconsolidated subsidiary.

Basis of Financial Statement Presentation

The consolidated financial statements of the Company have been prepared in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”), including the elimination of all significant intercompany accounts and transactions during consolidation. In preparing the consolidated financial statements, management is required to make estimates, significant judgments and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities as of the dates of the Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition and Consolidated Statements of Income for the periods presented. Actual results could differ from these judgments and estimates under different conditions, resulting in a change that could have a material impact on the carrying values of our assets and liabilities and our results of operations. Material estimates that involve significant judgements and assumptions that are particularly susceptible to change are the determination of the adequacy of the allowance for credit losses, evaluation of goodwill for impairment, evaluation of other-than-temporary impairment on securities, evaluation of the need for valuation allowances on deferred tax assets, and determination of liabilities related to retirement and other post-retirement benefits. These estimates, significant judgements and assumptions are evaluated on an ongoing basis and are adjusted when facts and circumstances dictate. Illiquid credit markets, volatile securities markets, and declines in the housing market and the economy generally have combined to increase the uncertainty inherent in such estimates and assumptions. Changes in estimates resulting from continuing changes in the economic environment will be reflected in the consolidated financial statements in future periods.
(2)    Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (continued)    

Cash and Cash Equivalents

Cash and cash equivalents include cash on hand, amounts due from banks, interest-bearing deposits at other financial institutions and short-term investments.

Securities

Securities are classified as available for sale and held to maturity. Management determines the appropriate classification of securities at the time of purchase. Securities that management has the positive intent and ability to hold to maturity are classified as held to maturity and reported at amortized cost. Securities not classified as held to maturity are classified as available for sale and carried at estimated fair value, with unrealized holding gains or losses, net of taxes, reported as a separate component of accumulated other comprehensive income or loss ("OCI") included in stockholders' equity.

Effective January 1, 2022, the Company adopted the provisions of ASC 326 and modified its accounting policy for the assessment of available for sale securities for impairment. Under ASC 326 for available for sale securities, the Company first assesses whether a loss is from credit or other factors and considers the extent to which fair value is less than amortized cost, any changes to the rating of the security by a rating agency and adverse conditions related to the security, among other factors. If this assessment indicates that a credit loss exists, the present value of cash flows expected to be collected from the security are compared to the amortized cost basis of the security. If the present value of cash flows is less than the amortized cost, a credit loss would be recorded through an allowance for credit losses, limited by the amount that the fair value is less than the amortized cost basis.

The fair values of these securities are based on market quotations or matrix pricing as discussed in note 17. The Company evaluates securities for other-than-temporary impairment at each reporting period and more frequently when economic or market conditions warrant such evaluation. In this evaluation, if such declines were deemed other-than temporary, management would measure the total credit-related component of the unrealized loss and recognize that portion of the loss as a charge to current period earnings. The remaining portion of the unrealized loss would be recognized as an adjustment to OCI. The fair value of the securities portfolio is significantly affected by changes in interest rates. In general, as interest rates rise, the fair value of fixed-rate securities decreases and as interest rates fall, the fair value of fixed-rate securities increases. The Company determines if it has the intent to sell securities or if it more likely than not that the Company would be required to sell the securities before the anticipated recovery. If either exists, the decline in value is considered other-than-temporary and would be recognized in current period earnings.
    
Premiums and discounts on securities are generally amortized and accreted to income over the contractual lives of the securities using the level-yield method. Premiums on callable securities are amortized to the earliest call date. Dividend and interest income are recognized when earned. Realized gains and losses are recognized when securities are sold or called based on the specific identification method.

In the ordinary course of business, securities are pledged as collateral in conjunction with the Company’s borrowings, lines of credit, and public funds on deposit.

Federal Home Loan Bank Stock

The Banks, as members of the Federal Home Loan Bank of New York (the "FHLB"), are required to hold shares of capital stock of the FHLB based on its activities, primarily its outstanding borrowings. The investment is carried at cost, or par value, which approximates fair value. Cash dividends are reported as income.

Loans Held-for-Sale

Loans held-for-sale consists of loans intended for sale in the secondary market. These loans are carried at the lower of cost or estimated fair value, less costs to sell, as determined on an individual loan basis. Net unrealized losses, if any, are recognized in a valuation allowance through a charge to earnings. Origination fees and costs on loans held-for-sale are deferred and recognized on settlement dates as a component of the gain or loss on sale. Loans held-for-sale are generally sold with loan servicing rights retained by Columbia Bank.
(2)    Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (continued)

Loans Receivable

Loans receivable are carried at unpaid principal balances adjusted by unamortized premiums and unearned discounts, net deferred origination fees and costs, purchase accounting fair value adjustments and the allowance for credit losses. The Company defers loan origination fees and certain direct loan origination costs and accretes such amounts as an adjustment to the yield over the expected lives of the related loans using the level-yield method. Interest income on loans is accrued on unpaid principal balances and credited to income as earned. Premiums and discounts on loans purchased are amortized or accreted as an adjustment to yield over the contractual lives of the related loans using methodologies which approximate the level-yield method.

A loan is considered delinquent when payment has not been received within 30 days of its contractual due date. Generally, a loan in designated as a non-accrual loan when the payment of interest is 90 days or more in arrears of its contractual due date. When a loan is placed on non-accrual status, any interest accrued but not received is reversed against interest income. Payments received on a non-accrual loan are either applied to the outstanding principal balance or recorded as interest income, depending on an assessment of the ability to collect the loan. Non-accruing loans are returned to accrual status after there has been a sustained period of repayment performance (generally six consecutive months of payments) and both principal and interest are deemed collectible. The Company identifies loans that may need to be charged-off as a loss, by reviewing all delinquent loans, classified loans and other loans that management may have concerns about collectability.

On a case-by-case basis, the Company may evaluate individual loans for which it is probable, based on current information, that the Company will not collect all amounts due under the contractual terms of the loan agreement. The Company considers the population of loans in its analysis to include all multifamily and commercial real estate, construction, and commercial business loans with an outstanding balance greater than $500,000 and not accruing interest, and loan modifications. The Company also considers residential real estate, and home equity loans and advances that are not accruing or modified. Other loans may be included in the population of loans to be evaluated if management has specific information of a collateral shortfall. Loans individually analyzed are measured based on the present value of expected future cash flows discounted at the loan's effective interest rate or, as a practical expedient, at the loan's observable market price or the fair value of the collateral if the loan is collateral dependent. Payments received on individually analyzed loans are recognized on a cash basis.

Purchased Credit-Deteriorated ("PCD") Loans

Loans acquired in a business combination that have experienced more-than-insignificant deterioration in credit quality since origination are considered purchased with credit deterioration (“PCD”) loans. The Company evaluated acquired loans for deterioration in credit quality based on any of, but not limited to, the following: (1) non-accrual status; (2) previously a troubled debt restructured designation; (3) risk ratings of special mention, substandard or doubtful; and (4) delinquency status. At the acquisition date, an estimate of expected credit losses was made for groups of PCD loans with similar risk characteristics and individual PCD loans without similar risk characteristics. This initial allowance for credit losses is allocated to individual PCD loans and added to the purchase price or acquisition date fair values to establish the initial amortized cost basis of the PCD loans. As the initial allowance for credit losses is added to the purchase price, there is no credit loss expense recognized upon acquisition of a PCD loan. Any difference between the unpaid principal balance of PCD loans and the amortized cost basis is considered to relate to noncredit factors and results in a discount or premium.

Discounts and premiums are recognized through interest income on a level-yield method over the life of the loans. For acquired loans not deemed PCD at acquisition, the differences between the initial fair value and the unpaid principal balance are recognized as interest income on a level-yield basis over the lives of the related loans. At the acquisition date, an initial allowance for expected credit losses is estimated and recorded as credit loss expense.
(2)    Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (continued)

Allowance for Credit Losses on Loans Receivable

The determination of the allowance for credit losses (“ACL”) on loans is considered a critical accounting estimate by management because of the high degree of judgment involved in determining qualitative loss factors, the subjectivity of the assumptions used, and the potential for changes in the forecasted economic environment The ACL is maintained at a level management considers adequate to provide for estimated losses and impairment based upon an evaluation of known and inherent risk in the loan portfolio. The ACL consists of two elements: (1) identification of loans that must be individually analyzed for impairment and (2) establishment of an ACL for loans collectively analyzed.

Management estimates the ACL using relevant and reliable information from internal and external sources, related to past events, current conditions, and a reasonable and supportable forecast. Historical credit loss experience for both the Company and its segment-specific peers provides the basis for the estimate of expected credit losses. Credit losses over a defined period are converted to PD rate curves through the use of segment-specific LGD risk factors that convert default rates to loss severity based on industry-level, observed relationships between the two variables for each segment, primarily due to the nature of the underlying collateral. These risk factors were assessed for reasonableness against the Company’s own loss experience and adjusted in certain cases when the relationship between the Company’s historical default and loss severity deviate from that of the wider industry. The historical PD curves, together with corresponding economic conditions, establish a quantitative relationship between economic conditions and loan performance through an economic cycle.

Portfolio segments are defined as the level at which an entity develops and documents a systematic methodology to determine its allowance for credit losses. Management developed segments for estimating losses based on the type of borrower and collateral which is generally based upon federal call report segmentation. The segments have been combined or sub-segments have been added as needed to ensure loans of similar risk profiles are appropriately pooled.

We maintain a loan review system that provides a periodic review of the loan portfolio and the identification of individually analyzed loans. The ACL for individually analyzed loans is based on the fair value of collateral or cash flows. While management uses the best information available to make such evaluations, future adjustments to the allowance may be necessary if economic conditions differ substantially from the assumptions used in making the evaluations.

The ACL quantitative allowance for each segment is measured using a discounted cash flow methodology incorporating an econometric, probability of default (“PD”) and loss given default (“LGD”) with distinct segment-specific multi-variate regression models applied. Expected credit losses are estimated over the life of the loans by measuring the difference between the net present value of modeled cash flows and amortized cost basis. Contractual cash flows over the contractual life of the loans are the basis for the modeled cash flows, adjusted for model defaults and expected prepayments and discounted at the loan-level effective interest rate. The contractual term excludes expected extensions, renewals, and modifications.

Management estimates the ACL using relevant and reliable information from internal and external sources, related to past events, current conditions, and a reasonable and supportable forecast. Historical credit loss experience for both the Company and its segment-specific peers provides the basis for the estimate of expected credit losses. Credit losses over a defined period are converted to PD rate curves through the use of segment-specific LGD risk factors that convert default rates to loss severity based on industry-level, observed relationships between the two variables for each segment, primarily due to the nature of the underlying collateral. These risk factors were assessed for reasonableness against the Company’s own loss experience and adjusted in certain cases when the relationship between the Company’s historical default and loss severity deviate from that of the wider industry. The historical PD curves, together with corresponding economic conditions, establish a quantitative relationship between economic conditions and loan performance through an economic cycle.

Using the historical relationship between economic conditions and loan performance, management’s expectation of future loan performance is incorporated using a single economic forecast of macroeconomic variables (i.e., unemployment, gross domestic product, vacancy, and home price index). This forecast is applied over a period that management has determined to be reasonable and supportable. Beyond the period over which management can develop or source a reasonable and supportable forecast, the model reverts to long-term average historical loss rates using a straight-line, time-based methodology. The Company's current forecast period is six quarters, with a four-quarter reversion period to long-term average historical loss rates.

After quantitative considerations, management applies additional qualitative adjustments that consider the expected impact of certain factors not fully captured in the quantitative reserve. Qualitative adjustments include but are not limited to concentrations of large loan balances, delinquency trends, change in collateral values within segments, and other considerations.
(2)    Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (continued)

Allowance for Credit Losses on Loans Receivable (continued)

The ACL is established through the provision for credit losses that are charged to income, which is based upon an evaluation of estimated losses in the current loan portfolio, including the evaluation of individually analyzed loans. Charge-offs against the ACL are taken on loans where management determines that the collection of loan principal and interest is unlikely. Recoveries made on loans that have been charged-off are credited to the ACL. Although we believe we have established and maintained the ACL on loans at appropriate levels, changes in reserves may be necessary if actual economic and other conditions differ substantially from the forecast used in estimating the ACL.

Our financial results are affected by the changes in and the level of the ACL. This process involves our analysis of internal and external variables, and it requires that we exercise judgment to estimate an appropriate ACL. As a result of the uncertainty associated with this subjectivity, we cannot assure the precision of the amount reserved, should we experience sizable loan losses in any particular period and/or significant changes in assumptions or economic condition. We believe the primary risks inherent in the portfolio are a general decline in the economy, a decline in real estate market values, rising unemployment, increasing vacancy rates, and increases in interest rates in the absence of economic improvement or any other such factors. Any one or a combination of these events may adversely affect a borrower's ability to repay its loan, resulting in increased delinquencies and loan losses. Accordingly, we have recorded loan credit losses at a level which is estimated to represent the current risk in its loan portfolio.

Most of our non-performing assets are collateral dependent loans which are written down to the fair value of the collateral less estimated costs to sell. We continue to assess the collateral of these loans and update our appraisals on these loans on an annual basis. To the extent the property values decline, there could be additional losses on these non-performing assets, which may be material. Management considered these market conditions in deriving the estimated ACL. Should economic difficulties occur, the ultimate amount of loss could vary from our current estimate.

Allowance for Credit Losses on Unfunded Commitments

The Company is required to include unfunded commitments that are expected to be funded in the future within the allowance for credit loss calculation, other than those that are unconditionally cancellable. To arrive at that reserve, the reserve percentage for each applicable segment is applied to the unused portion of the expected commitment balance and is multiplied by the expected funding rate. To determine the expected funding rate, the Company uses a historical utilization rate for each segment. The allowance for credit losses for off-balance-sheet exposures is reported in other liabilities in the Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition. The liability represents an estimate of expected credit losses arising from off-balance-sheet exposures such as unfunded commitments.

Modification of Loans ("Modifications")

On January 1, 2023, the Company adopted ASU 2022-02, Financial Instruments - Credit Losses (Topic 326): Troubled Debt Restructurings and Vintage Disclosures which eliminated the accounting guidance for troubled debt restructurings ("TDR's") while enhancing disclosure requirements for certain loan refinancing and restructuring by creditors when a borrower is experiencing financial difficulty. This guidance was applied on a prospective basis.

Modifications made to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty may include principal or interest forgiveness, forbearance, interest rate reductions, term extensions, or a combination of these events intended to minimize economic loss and avoid foreclosure or repossession of collateral.

The Company evaluates whether the modifications represent a new loan or a continuation of an existing loan. A modification or refinancing results in a new loan if the terms of the new loan are at least favorable to the Company and customers with similar collection risks who are not refinancing or restructuring their loan, and the modification to the terms of the loan are deemed to be more than minor. A modification is considered to be more than minor if the difference between the present value of the cash flows of the new obligation and the remaining cash flows of the original obligation, both discounted using the effective interest rate of the original debt, is 10% or greater.

If a modification does not meet the definition of a new loan, the modified loan will be treated as a continuation of the existing loan and all unamortized net fees and/or costs, and any prepayment penalties will be carried forward as part of the net new loan balance.
(2)    Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (continued)

Modification of Loans ("Modifications") (Continued)

Modified loans that were accruing prior to their modification where income was reasonably assured subsequent to the modification, maintain their accrual status. Modified loans for which collectability was not reasonably assured, are placed on non-accrual status, interest accruals cease, and uncollected accrued interest is reversed and charged against current income. Non-accruing modified loans may be returned to accrual status when there is a sustained period of repayment performance (generally six consecutive months of payments), and both principal and interest are deemed collectible.

Loans Sold and Serviced

The Company has entered into guarantor swaps with Freddie Mac which results in improved liquidity. In these types of transactions, the Company sells mortgage loans in exchange for Freddie Mac Mortgage Participation Certificates backed exclusively by the loans sold. The Company retains the servicing of these loans. The Company also periodically sells loans to investors and continues to service such loans for a fee. Gains or losses on the sale of loans are recorded on trade date using the specific-identification method.

Office Properties and Equipment

Land is carried at cost. Office properties, land and building improvements, furniture and equipment, and leasehold improvements are carried at cost, less accumulated depreciation and amortization. Depreciation and amortization of office properties and equipment is computed on a straight-line basis over their estimated useful lives (generally 40 years for buildings, 10 years to 20 years for land and building improvements, 3 years to 10 years for furniture and equipment). Leasehold improvements, carried at cost, net of accumulated depreciation, are amortized over the terms of the related leases or the estimated useful lives of the assets, whichever is shorter. Major improvements are capitalized, while repairs and maintenance costs are charged to expense as incurred. Upon retirement or sale, any gain or loss is recognized as incurred.

Bank-owned Life Insurance ("BOLI")

Bank-owned life insurance is accounted for using the cash surrender value method and is recorded at its net realizable value. The change in the net asset value is recorded as a component of non-interest income. A deferred liability has been recorded for the estimated cost of post-retirement life insurance benefits accruing to applicable employees and directors covered by an endorsement split-dollar life insurance arrangement.

Goodwill and Intangible Assets

Intangible assets of the Company consist of goodwill, core deposit intangibles and mortgage servicing rights. Goodwill represents the excess of the purchase price over the fair value of net assets acquired in purchase acquisitions. In accordance with GAAP, goodwill with an indefinite useful life is not amortized, but is evaluated for impairment on an annual basis, or more frequently if events or changes in circumstances indicate potential impairment between annual measurement dates. As permitted by GAAP, the Company prepares a qualitative assessment in determining whether goodwill may be impaired. The factors considered in the assessment include macroeconomic conditions, industry and market conditions and overall financial performance of the Company, among others. The Company completed its annual goodwill impairment test as of December 31, 2023, based upon its qualitative assessment of goodwill and concluded that goodwill was not impaired and no further quantitative analysis was warranted.

Core deposit intangibles represent the intangible value of depositor relationships acquired by the Company through purchase acquisitions of Stewardship, Freehold and RSI. The premiums ascribed to these deposits are amortized over their estimated useful lives.

Mortgage servicing rights are recorded when purchased or when originated mortgage loans are sold, with servicing rights retained. Mortgage servicing rights are amortized on an accelerated method based upon the estimated lives of the related loans, and generally adjusted for prepayments. Mortgage servicing rights are carried at the lower of amortized cost or fair value.
(2)    Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (continued)

Leases

The Company determines if an arrangement is a lease at inception. The Company's leases primarily relate to real estate property for branches and office space. All the Company's leases are classified as operating leases and the related right-of-use asset ("ROU") and lease liability are included in other assets and other liabilities, respectively on the Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition.

ROU assets represent the Company’s right to use an underlying asset for the lease term, and lease liabilities represent the Company’s obligation to make lease payments arising from the lease arrangements. The calculated amounts of the ROU asset and lease liabilities are impacted by the length of the lease term and the discount rate used to calculate the present value of minimum lease payments. As the Company's leases do not provide an implicit rate, the discount rate used in determining the lease liability for each individual lease is the Company's incremental borrowing rate. The present value of the lease liability may include the impact of options to extend or terminate the lease when it is reasonably certain that the Company will exercise such options provided in the lease terms. Lease expense is recognized on a straight-line basis over the expected lease term, while variable lease payments are recognized as incurred. Lease agreements that include lease and non-lease components, such as common area maintenance charges, are accounted for separately.

Post-retirement Benefits

The Company provides certain health care and life insurance benefits to eligible retired employees under a Post-retirement Plan. The Company accrues the cost of retiree health care and other benefits during the employee's period of active service. Effective January 1, 2019, the Post-retirement Plan has been closed to new hires.

Through the acquisition of the RSI Entities, the Company acquired a non-funded Post-retirement plan. This defined benefit post-retirement healthcare plan covers substantially all retirees and employees.

Employee Benefit Plans

The Company maintains a single employer, tax-qualified defined benefit pension plan (the "Pension Plan") which covers full-time employees that satisfy the Pension Plan's eligibility requirements. The benefits are based on years of service and the employee's average compensation for the highest five consecutive years of employment. Effective October 1, 2018, newly hired employees are not eligible to participate in the Pension Plan as the Pension Plan has been closed to new employees as of that date.

The policy is to fund at least the minimum contribution required by the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974. GAAP requires an employer to: (a) recognize in its statement of financial position the over-funded or under-funded status of a defined benefit post-retirement plan measured as the difference between the fair value of plan assets and the benefit obligation; (b) measure a plan’s assets and its obligations that determine its funded status at the end of the employer’s fiscal year (with limited exceptions); and (c) recognize as a component of other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax, the actuarial gains and losses and the prior service costs and credits that arise during the period. The assets of the plan are primarily invested in fixed income and equity funds.

Through the acquisition of the RSI Entities on May 1, 2022, the Company acquired a funded pension plan. The benefits are based on years of service and the employee’s compensation, as defined. The Plan was amended effective March 31, 2011, to freeze the Plan so that no employee shall commence or recommence participation in the Plan, that there shall be no further benefit accruals under the Plan, and that compensation received after the effective date shall not be recognized for any purpose under the Plan. Effective September 30, 2023, the RSI Pension Plan was merged into the Columbia Bank Pension Plan.

The Company also maintains a Retirement Income Maintenance Plan (the "RIM Plan") which is a non-qualified defined benefit plan which provides benefits to all employees of the Company if their benefits under the Pension Plan are limited by Internal Revenue Code Sections 415 and 401(a)(17).    

Columbia Bank and Freehold Bank each have a 401(k) plan covering substantially all employees. Columbia Bank may match a percentage of the first 3.00% to 4.50% contributed by participants. Columbia's matching contribution, if any, is determined by their Board of Directors in its sole discretion. Freehold does not presently match any portion of employee contribution but may provide an annual match determined by their Board of Directors in its sole discretion.
(2)    Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (continued)

Employee Benefit Plans (continued)

Columbia Bank has an Employee Stock Ownership Plan ("ESOP"). The funds borrowed by the ESOP from the Company to purchase the Company's common stock are being repaid from Columbia Bank's contributions over a period of 20 years. The Company's common stock not allocated to participants is recorded as a reduction of stockholders' equity at cost. Compensation expense for the ESOP is based on the average price of the Company's stock and the amount of shares committed to be allocated during each period.

Columbia Bank has a Supplemental Executive Retirement Plan ("SERP"). The SERP is a non-qualified plan which provides supplemental retirement benefits to eligible officers (those designated by the Board of Directors) of the Company who are prevented from receiving the full benefits contemplated by the ESOP's benefit formulas under tax law limits for tax-qualified plans. In addition, the Company maintains a stock based deferral plan (the "Stock Based Deferral Plan") for certain executives and directors. The Company records a deferred compensation equity account and corresponding contra-equity account for the cost of the shares held by the Stock Based Deferral and SERP Plans.

Columbia Bank also maintains a non-qualified savings income maintenance deferred compensation plan (the "SIM Plan") that provides supplemental benefits to certain executives who are prevented from receiving the full benefits contemplated by the 401(k) Plan under tax law limits for tax-qualified plans, and a Deferred Compensation Plan for directors.

Freehold Bank also sponsors a directors retirement plan, a director and executive deferred compensation plan, and a supplemental executive retirement plan for certain current and former directors and officers of the Bank.

Through the acquisition of the RSI Entities, the Company also acquired an executive incentive retirement plan, a board of director and executive deferred compensation plan, a supplemental executive retirement plan, a key life insurance plan and a split-dollar life insurance plan for certain current and former directors and officers of the Bank.

Derivatives

The Company uses derivative financial instruments as components of its market risk management, principally to manage interest rate risk. Certain derivatives are entered into in connection with transactions with commercial customers. Derivatives are not used for speculative purposes. All derivatives are recognized as either assets or liabilities in the Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition, reported at fair value and presented on a gross basis. Until a derivative is settled, a favorable change in fair value results in an unrealized gain that is recognized as an asset, while an unfavorable change in fair value results in an unrealized loss that is recognized as a liability.

The Company generally applies hedge accounting to its derivatives used for market risk management purposes. Hedge accounting is permitted only if specific criteria are met, including a requirement that a highly effective relationship exists between the derivative instrument and the hedged item, both at inception of the hedge and on an ongoing basis. Changes in the fair value of effective fair value hedges are recognized in current earnings (with the change in fair value of the hedged asset or liability also recognized in earnings). Changes in the fair value of effective cash flow hedges are recognized in other comprehensive income (loss) until earnings are affected by the variability in cash flows of the designated hedged item. Ineffective portions of hedge results are recognized in current earnings. Changes in the fair value of derivatives for which hedge accounting is not applied are recognized in current earnings.

The Company formally documents at inception all relationships between the derivative instruments and the hedged items, as well as its risk management objectives and strategies for undertaking the hedge transactions. This process includes linking all derivatives that are designated as hedges to specific assets and liabilities, or to specific firm commitments. The Company also formally assesses, both at inception of the hedge and on an ongoing basis, whether the derivatives that are used in hedging transactions are highly effective in offsetting changes in the fair values or cash flows of the hedged items. If it is determined that a derivative is not highly effective or has ceased to be a highly effective hedge, the Company would discontinue hedge accounting prospectively. Gains or losses resulting from the termination of a derivative accounted for as a cash flow hedge remain in other comprehensive income (loss) and is (accreted) amortized to earnings over the remaining period of the former hedging relationship.
(2)    Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (continued)

Derivatives (continued)

Certain derivative financial instruments are offered to certain commercial banking customers to manage their risk of exposure and risk management strategies. These derivative instruments consist primarily of currency forward contracts and interest rate swap contracts. The risks associated with these transactions is mitigated by simultaneously entering into similar transactions having essentially offsetting terms with a third-party. In addition, the Company executes interest rate swaps with third parties in order to hedge the interest rate risk of short-term FHLB advances.

Income Taxes

The Company and its subsidiaries file consolidated federal income tax returns. Federal income taxes are allocated to each entity based on their respective contributions to taxable income of the consolidated income tax returns. Separate state income taxes are filed for the Company and its subsidiaries on either a consolidated or unconsolidated basis as required by each jurisdiction.

The Company records income taxes in accordance with ASC Topic 740, Income Taxes, using the asset and liability method. Federal and state income taxes have been provided on the basis of the Company's income or loss as reported in accordance with GAAP. The amounts reflected on the Company's federal and state income tax returns differ from these provisions due principally to temporary differences in the reporting of certain items for consolidated financial statement reporting and income tax reporting purposes. Accordingly, deferred tax assets and liabilities: (i) are recognized for the estimated future tax consequences of events that have been recognized in the financial statements or tax returns; (ii) are attributable to differences between the financial statement carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax bases; and (iii) are measured using enacted tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in the years in which those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled. Where applicable, deferred tax assets are reduced by a valuation allowance for any portions determined not likely to be realized based on the nature and timing of these items. The effect on deferred tax assets and liabilities of a change in tax rates is recognized in income tax expense in the period that includes the enactment date. The valuation allowance is adjusted, by a charge or credit to income tax expense, as changes in facts and circumstances warrant.

The Company did not have any liabilities for uncertain tax positions or any known unrecognized tax benefits at December 31, 2023 and 2022. The Company policy is to recognize interest and penalties related to unrecognized tax benefits in income tax expense in the Consolidated Statements of Income. The Company did not recognize any interest and penalties during the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021.

On July 1, 2018, New Jersey enacted legislation which adds to the state’s 9.0% Corporation Business Tax rate (i) a 2.5% surtax for periods beginning in 2018 and 2019 and (ii) a 1.5% surtax for periods beginning in 2020 and 2021. Subsequently, on September 12, 2020, New Jersey enacted legislation that restored and extended the 2.5% Corporation Business Tax surcharge to apply retroactively from January 1, 2020 through December 31, 2023. These surtaxes apply to corporations with more than $1.0 million of net income allocated to New Jersey.

Comprehensive Income (Loss)
Comprehensive income (loss) consists of net income and other comprehensive income (loss). Other comprehensive income (loss) includes items recorded in equity, such as unrealized gains and losses on debt securities available for sale, the noncredit component of other than temporary impairment losses on debt securities, unrealized gains and losses on derivatives, and the unfunded status and reclassification of actuarial net (loss) gain associated with the Company's benefit plans. Comprehensive income is presented in a separate Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Income (Loss).

Segment Reporting

The Company’s operations are substantially in the financial services industry and include providing traditional banking and other financial services to its customers. The Company operates primarily in New Jersey. Management makes operating decisions and assesses performance based on an ongoing review of the Company’s consolidated financial results. Therefore, the Company has a single operating segment for financial reporting purposes.
(2)    Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (continued)

Earnings Per Share ("EPS")

Basic EPS is computed by dividing net income available to common shareholders by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the period. For purposes of calculating basic EPS, weighted average common shares outstanding excludes treasury stock, unallocated employee stock ownership plan shares that have not been committed for release and deferred compensation obligations required to be settled in shares of Company stock.

Diluted EPS is computed using the same method as basic EPS and reflects the potential dilution which could occur if stock options and unvested shares were exercised and converted into common stock. The potentially diluted shares would then be included in the weighted average number of shares outstanding for the period using the treasury stock method. Shares issued and reacquired during any period are weighted for the portion of the period that they were outstanding.

Stock Compensation Plans

Compensation expense related to stock options and non-vested restricted stock awards is based on the fair value of the award on the measurement date with expense recognized on a straight line basis over the requisite performance or service period. The fair value of stock options is estimated utilizing the Black-Scholes option pricing model. The fair value of non-vested restricted stock awards is generally the closing market price of the Company's common stock on the date of grant. The Company accounts for forfeitures as they occur.

Accounting Pronouncements Adopted

In March 2022, the FASB issued ASU 2022-01, Derivatives and Hedging (Topic 815): Fair Value Hedging – Portfolio Layer Method. The purpose of this updated guidance is to further align risk management objectives with hedge accounting results on the application of the last-of-layer method, which was first introduced in ASU 2017-12, Derivatives and Hedging (Topic 815): Targeted Improvements to Accounting for Hedging Activities. ASU 2022-01 is effective for public business entities for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2022, with early adoption in the interim period, permitted. For entities who have already adopted ASU 2017-12, immediate adoption is allowed. ASU 2022-01 requires a modified retrospective transition method for basis adjustments in which the entity will recognize the cumulative effect of the change on the opening balance of each affected component of equity in the statement of financial position as of the date of adoption. The Company adopted this ASU on January 1, 2023 on a prospective basis; therefore, there was no impact to the Company's consolidated financial statements.

In March 2022, the FASB issued ASU 2022-02, Financial Instruments-Credit Losses (Topic 326), Troubled Debt Restructurings and Vintage Disclosures. ASU 2022-02 addresses areas identified by the FASB as part of its post-implementation review of the credit losses standard (ASU 2016-13) that introduced the CECL model. The amendments eliminated the accounting guidance for troubled debt restructurings by creditors that have adopted the CECL model and enhanced the disclosure requirements for loan refinancing and restructurings made with borrowers experiencing financial difficulty. In addition, the amendments require a public business entity to disclose current period gross write-offs for financing receivables and net investment in leases by year of origination in the vintage disclosures. For entities that have adopted ASU 2016-13, this ASU is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2022, including interim periods within those fiscal years. The Company adopted this pronouncement effective January 1, 2023. The update was applied on a prospective basis to disclosures and did not have a significant impact on the Company's consolidated financial statements.

In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-13, Financial Instruments- Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments ("CECL"), further amended by ASU 2019-04, Codification Improvements to Topic 326, Financial Instruments-Credit Losses, Topic 815, Derivatives and Hedging, and Topic 825, Financial Instruments. Topic 326 pertains to the measurement of credit losses on financial instruments. This update requires the measurement of all expected credit losses for financial instruments held at the reporting date based on historical experience, current conditions, and reasonable and supportable forecasts. Financial institutions and other organizations will now use forward-looking information to better determine their credit loss estimates. This update is intended to improve financial reporting by requiring timelier recording of credit losses on loans and other financial instruments held by financial institutions and other organizations. This update was effective for financial statements issued for fiscal years and interim periods beginning after December 15, 2019.
(2)    Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (continued)

Accounting Pronouncements Adopted (continued

    The Company elected to defer the adoption of the CECL methodology until December 31, 2020 as permitted by the enacted Coronavirus Aid, Relief and Economic Security Act ("CARES Act"). In late December 2020, the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2021 was enacted, and extended certain provisions of the CARES Act, which allowed the Company to extend the adoption of CECL until January 1, 2022. The Company elected to extend its adoption of CECL in accordance with this legislation, and adopted the above mentioned ASUs related to Financial Instruments -Credit Losses (Topic 326) using a modified retrospective approach.
The Company adopted ASU 2016-13 on January 1, 2022 for all financial assets measured at amortized cost and off-balance- sheet credit exposures. Results for the year ended December 31, 2023 are presented under Accounting Standards Codification 326, Financial Instruments - Credit Losses, while prior period amounts continue to be reported with previously applicable GAAP and have not been restated. Effective January 1, 2022, the Company recorded a $12.1 million decrease in the allowance for credit losses on loans (previously allowance for loan losses), established a $353,000 allowance for credit losses on debt securities available for sale, and recorded a $5.5 million increase in the liability for off-balance-sheet credit exposures, which resulted in a total cumulative effect adjustment of $6.2 million, net of tax, and an increase to retained earnings.
v3.24.0.1
Acquisitions
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2023
Business Combinations [Abstract]  
Acquisitions Acquisitions
Freehold Bank

On December 1, 2021, the Company completed its acquisition of Freehold Bancorp, MHC, Freehold Bancorp, Inc. and Freehold Bank (collectively, the "Freehold Entities" or "Freehold"). Pursuant to the terms of the Merger Agreement, Freehold Bancorp, MHC merged with and into the MHC, with the MHC as the surviving entity; and Freehold Bancorp, Inc. merged with and into Columbia Financial, with Columbia Financial as the surviving entity. In connection with the merger, Freehold Bank converted to a federal savings bank and operates as a wholly-owned subsidiary of Columbia Financial. The Company intends to merge Freehold Bank into Columbia Bank at a future date that has not yet been determined. Under the terms of the merger agreement, upon the subsequent merger of the two banks, depositors of Freehold Bank will become depositors of Columbia Bank and will have the same rights and privileges in the MHC as if their accounts had been established at Columbia Bank on the date established at Freehold Bank. The Company issued 2,591,007 shares of its common stock to the MHC, representing an amount equal to the fair value of the Freehold Entities as determined by an independent appraiser, at the effective time of the holding company mergers.

Merger-related expenses are recorded in the Consolidated Statements of Income and are expensed as incurred. Direct acquisition and other charges incurred in connection with the acquisition of the Freehold Entities totaled $413,000, $11,000, and $350,000 for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022, and 2021, respectively.

The following table sets forth assets acquired, and liabilities assumed in the acquisition of Freehold Entities, at their estimated fair values as of the closing date of the transaction:
December 1, 2021
Assets acquired:(In thousands)
Cash and cash equivalents$20,417 
Debt securities available for sale118,017 
Federal Home Loan Bank stock3,032 
Loans receivable158,912 
Accrued interest receivable867 
Office properties and equipment, net5,934 
Bank-owned life insurance8,661 
Deferred tax assets, net454 
Core deposit intangibles42 
Other assets162 
Total assets acquired$316,498 
Liabilities assumed:
Deposits$210,117 
Borrowings59,908 
Advance payments by borrowers for taxes and insurance495 
Accrued expenses and other liabilities4,822 
Total liabilities assumed$275,342 
Net assets acquired$41,156 
Fair market value of stock issued to Columbia Bank MHC for purchase47,260 
Goodwill recorded at merger $6,104 
(3)     Acquisitions (continued)

Freehold Bank (continued)

The assets acquired and liabilities assumed have been accounted for under the acquisition method of accounting. The assets and liabilities were recorded at their fair values as of December 1, 2021, and resulted in the recognition of goodwill of $6.1 million. The determination of the fair value of assets acquired and liabilities assumed required management to make estimates about discount rates, future expected cash flows, market conditions, and other future events that are highly subjective in nature and subject to change. During the third quarter of 2022, the Company completed all tax returns related to the operations of Freehold Bank and its impact on the Company's income taxes, which resulted in an adjustment of $82,000 to deferred income taxes, net, and a corresponding decrease in goodwill. At both December 31, 2023 and 2022, goodwill related to the Freehold acquisition totaled $6.0 million.

RSI Bank

On May 1, 2022, the Company completed its acquisition of RSI Bancorp, M.H.C., RSI Bancorp, Inc. and RSI Bank (collectively, the “RSI Entities” or "RSI"). Pursuant to the terms of the merger agreement, RSI Bancorp, M.H.C. merged with and into the MHC, with the MHC as the surviving entity; RSI Bancorp, Inc. merged with and into Columbia Financial, with Columbia Financial as the surviving entity; and RSI Bank merged with and into Columbia Bank, with Columbia Bank as the surviving institution. Under the terms of the merger agreement, depositors of RSI Bank became depositors of Columbia Bank and have the same rights and privileges in the MHC as if their accounts had been established at Columbia Bank on the date established at RSI Bank. The Company issued 6,086,314 shares of its common stock to the MHC, representing an amount equal to the discounted fair value of the RSI Entities as determined by an independent appraiser, at the effective time of the merger.

Merger-related expenses are recorded in the Consolidated Statements of Income and are expensed as incurred. Direct acquisition and other charges incurred in connection with the acquisition of the RSI Entities totaled $193,000, $2.8 million and $196,000 for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022, and 2021, respectively.
(3)     Acquisitions (continued)

RSI Bank (continued)

The following table sets forth assets acquired, and liabilities assumed in the acquisition of the RSI Entities, at their estimated
fair values as of the closing date of the transaction:

May 1, 2022
Assets acquired:(In thousands)
Cash and cash equivalents$140,769 
Debt securities available for sale79,024 
Equity securities1,075 
Federal Home Loan Bank stock906 
Loans receivable335,501 
Accrued interest receivable910 
Office properties and equipment, net7,296 
Bank-owned life insurance13,033 
Deferred tax assets, net3,633 
Core deposit intangibles10,271 
Other assets2,723 
Total assets acquired$595,141 
Liabilities assumed:
Deposits$502,732 
Borrowings5,762 
Advance payments by borrowers for taxes and insurance1,341 
Accrued expenses and other liabilities10,568 
Total liabilities assumed$520,403 
Net assets acquired$74,738 
Fair market value of stock issued to Columbia Bank MHC for purchase102,741 
Goodwill recorded at merger $28,003 

The assets acquired and liabilities assumed have been accounted for under the acquisition method of accounting. The assets and liabilities were recorded at their fair values as of May 1, 2022, and resulted in the recognition of goodwill of $28.0 million. The determination of the fair value of assets acquired and liabilities assumed required management to make estimates about discount rates, future expected cash flows, market conditions, and other future events that are highly subjective in nature and subject to change. During the third quarter of 2022, the Company completed all tax returns related to the operation of RSI Bank and its impact on the Company's income taxes, which resulted in a $2.0 million adjustment to deferred income taxes, net, and a corresponding decrease in goodwill. During the fourth quarter of, 2022, the Company recorded an adjustment of $490,922 to the original discounted fair value, which resulted in a decrease in additional paid-in-capital, and a corresponding decrease in goodwill. At both December 31, 2023 and 2022, goodwill related to the acquisition of the RSI Entities totaled $25.5 million.
(3)     Acquisitions (continued)

Fair Value Measurement of Assets Acquired and Liabilities Assumed

    Described below are the methods used to determine the fair values of the significant assets acquired and liabilities assumed in the Freehold and RSI acquisitions:

    Cash and cash equivalents. The estimated fair values of cash and cash equivalents approximate their stated face amounts, as these financial instruments are either due on demand or have short-term maturities.

Debt securities available for sale. The estimated fair values of the debt securities were calculated utilizing Level 2 inputs. The majority of the acquired securities were fixed income instruments that are not quoted on an exchange but are traded in active markets. The prices for these instruments are obtained through an independent pricing service when available, or dealer market participants with whom the Company has historically transacted with for both purchases and sales of securities. The prices are derived from market quotations and matrix pricing. The fair value measurements consider observable data that may include dealer quotes, market spreads, cash flows, the U.S. Treasury yield curve, and the bond's terms and conditions, among other things. Management reviewed the data and assumptions used in pricing securities by its third-party provider to ensure the highest level of significant inputs are derived from market observable data.

Loans receivable. The acquired loan portfolio was segregated into pools for valuation purposes primarily based on loan type, non-accrual status, and credit risk rating. The estimated fair values were computed by discounting the expected cash flows from the respective pools. Cash flows were estimated by using valuation models that incorporated estimates of current key assumptions such as prepayment speeds, default rates, and loss severity rates. The process included: (1) projecting monthly principal and/or interest cash flows based on the contractual terms of the loans, including both maturity and contractual amortization; (2) adjusting projected cash flows for expected losses and prepayments, where appropriate; (3) developing a discount rate based on the relative risk of the cash flows, considering the loan type, liquidity risk, the maturity of the loans, servicing costs, and a required return on capital; and (4) discounting the projected cash flows to a present value, to arrive at the calculated value of the loans.

    The methods used to estimate the fair values of loans are extremely sensitive to the assumptions and estimates used. While management attempted to use assumptions and estimates that best reflected the acquired loan portfolios and current market conditions, a greater degree of subjectivity is inherent in the values than in those determined in active markets.

    Office properties and equipment, net. The fair value of land and buildings was estimated using current appraisals. Acquired equipment was not material. Buildings are amortized over their estimated useful lives. Equipment is amortized or depreciated over their estimated useful lives usually ranging from three to fifteen years.

Bank-owned life insurance. Bank-owned life insurance is accounted for using the cash surrender value method and is recorded at its net realizable value.

Goodwill. Goodwill is not amortized for book purposes: however, it is reviewed at least annually for impairment and is not deductible for tax purposes.

    Core deposit intangibles. Core deposit intangibles ("CDI") are the measure of the value of non-maturity deposits in a business combination. The fair value of the CDI was calculated utilizing the cost savings approach, the expected cost savings attributable to the core deposits funding relative to an alternative source of funding, using a discounted cash flow present value methodology. Key inputs and assumptions utilized in the discounted cash flow present value methodology include core deposit balances and rates paid, the cost of an additional funding source, the aggregate life of deposits and truncation points, non-interest deposit costs, and the immediate deposit outflow assumption.

    Deposits. The fair values of deposit liabilities with no stated maturity (i.e., non-interest-bearing and interest-bearing demand deposit accounts, money market and savings and club deposits) are equal to the carrying amounts payable on demand. The fair value of certificates of deposit represents contractual cash flows, discounted to present value using interest rates currently offered on deposits with similar characteristics and remaining maturities.
    
    Borrowings. The fair values of borrowings consisting of FHLB advances were estimated by discounting future cash flows using market discount rates for borrowings with similar characteristics, terms and remaining maturities.
v3.24.0.1
Debt Securities Available for Sale
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2023
Investments, Debt and Equity Securities [Abstract]  
Debt Securities Available for Sale Debt Securities Available for Sale
    Debt securities available for sale at December 31, 2023 and 2022 are summarized as follows:
December 31, 2023
Amortized CostGross Unrealized GainsGross Unrealized (Losses)Fair Value
(In thousands)
U.S. government and agency obligations$146,387 $924 $(1,810)$145,501 
Mortgage-backed securities and collateralized mortgage obligations1,009,508 20 (141,943)867,585 
Municipal obligations2,770 — (68)2,702 
Corporate debt securities92,565 (14,798)77,769 
$1,251,230 $946 $(158,619)$1,093,557 

December 31, 2022
Amortized CostGross Unrealized GainsGross Unrealized (Losses)Fair Value
(In thousands)
U.S. government and agency obligations$67,771 $— $(4,205)$63,566 
Mortgage-backed securities and collateralized mortgage obligations1,351,929 135 (170,337)1,181,727 
Municipal obligations3,697 — (122)3,575 
Corporate debt securities92,544 (12,784)79,766 
$1,515,941 $141 $(187,448)$1,328,634 

    The amortized cost and fair value of debt securities available for sale at December 31, 2023, by contractual final maturity, is shown below. Expected maturities may differ from contractual maturities due to prepayment or early call options exercised by the issuer.

December 31, 2023
Amortized CostFair Value
(In thousands)
One year or less$50,854 $50,924 
More than one year to five years122,038 119,556 
More than five years to ten years68,830 55,492 
$241,722 $225,972 
Mortgage-backed securities and collateralized mortgage obligations1,009,508 867,585 
$1,251,230 $1,093,557 
    

Mortgage-backed securities and collateralized mortgage obligations totaling $1.0 billion at amortized cost and $867.6 million at fair value, are not classified by maturity in the table above as their expected lives are likely to be shorter than the contractual maturity date due to principal prepayments.
(4)     Debt Securities Available for Sale (continued)

During the year ended December 31, 2023, proceeds from the sale of debt securities available for sale totaled $277.0 million, resulting in no gross gains and $10.8 million of gross losses. There were no calls and $4,000 in maturities of debt securities available for sale during the year ended December 31, 2023.

During the year ended December 31, 2022, proceeds from the sale of debt securities available for sale totaled $126.8 million, resulting in gross gains of $710,000 and $500,000 of gross losses. There were no calls and $915,000 in maturities of debt securities available for sale during the year ended December 31, 2022.
    
During the year ended December 31, 2021, proceeds from the sale of debt securities available for sale totaled $90.3 million, resulting in gross gains of $2.1 million and gross losses $439,000. Proceeds from called debt securities available for sale totaled $14.0 million resulting in no gross gains or losses. Proceeds from matured debt securities available for sale totaled $210,000.

Debt securities available for sale having a carrying value of $211.5 million and $724.0 million, at December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively, were pledged as security for public funds on deposit at Columbia Bank as required and permitted by law, pledged for outstanding borrowings at the Federal Home Loan Bank, and pledged for potential borrowings at the Federal Reserve Bank of New York. Debt securities available for sale having a carrying value of $75.1 million and $28.3 million, at December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively, were pledged by Freehold Bank for outstanding borrowings at the Federal Home Loan Bank, and for potential borrowings at the Federal Reserve Bank of New York.

The following tables summarize the fair value and gross unrealized losses of those securities that reported an unrealized loss at December 31, 2023 and 2022 and if the unrealized loss position was continuous for the twelve months prior to those respective dates:
December 31, 2023
Less Than 12 Months12 Months or LongerTotal
Fair ValueGross Unrealized (Losses)Fair ValueGross Unrealized (Losses)Fair ValueGross Unrealized (Losses)
(In thousands)
U.S. government and agency obligations$— $— $21,344 $(1,810)$21,344 $(1,810)
Mortgage-backed securities and collateralized mortgage obligations54 (4)863,026 (141,939)863,080 (141,943)
Municipal obligations— — 2,702 (68)2,702 (68)
Corporate debt securities— — 75,765 (14,798)75,765 (14,798)
$54 $(4)$962,837 $(158,615)$962,891 $(158,619)

December 31, 2022
Less Than 12 Months12 Months or LongerTotal
Fair ValueGross Unrealized (Losses)Fair ValueGross Unrealized (Losses)Fair ValueGross Unrealized (Losses)
(In thousands)
U.S. government and agency obligations$47,956 $(2,359)$15,610 $(1,846)$63,566 $(4,205)
Mortgage-backed securities and collateralized mortgage obligations424,328 (29,013)741,515 (141,324)1,165,843 (170,337)
Municipal obligations3,574 (122)— — 3,574 (122)
Corporate debt securities46,751 (5,792)31,008 (6,992)77,759 (12,784)
$522,609 $(37,286)$788,133 $(150,162)$1,310,742 $(187,448)
(4)     Debt Securities Available for Sale (continued)

The number of securities in an unrealized loss position at December 31, 2023 totaled 329, compared with 455 at December 31, 2022. All temporarily impaired securities were investment grade as of December 31, 2023, except two corporate debt security positions totaling $8.1 million which are rated BB+. All temporarily impaired securities were investment grade at December 31, 2022.

For available for sale securities, the Company assesses whether a loss is from credit or other factors and considers the extent to which fair value is less than amortized cost, any changes to the rating of the security by a rating agency and adverse conditions related to the security, among other factors. If this assessment indicates that a credit loss exists, the present value of cash flows expected to be collected from the security are compared to the amortized cost basis of the security. If the present value of cash flows is less than the amortized cost, a credit loss would be recorded through an allowance for credit losses, limited by the amount that the fair value is less than the amortized cost basis.

The following table presents the activity in the allowance for credit losses on debt securities available for sale for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022:

December 31,
20232022
(In thousands)
Allowance for Credit Losses:
Beginning balance$— $— 
Impact of adopting ASU 2016-13 (CECL) effective January 1, 2022— 490 
(Reversal of) credit losses— (490)
Ending balance$— $— 

The Company made an accounting policy election to exclude accrued interest receivable from the amortized cost basis of debt securities available for sale. Accrued interest receivable on debt securities available for sale is reported as a component of accrued interest receivable in the Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition, which totaled $3.7 million and $3.2 million at December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively, and is excluded from the estimate of credit losses.
Debt Securities Held to Maturity
Debt securities held to maturity at December 31, 2023 and 2022 are summarized as follows:
December 31, 2023
Amortized CostGross Unrealized GainsGross Unrealized (Losses)Allowance for Credit LossesFair Value
(In thousands)
U.S. government and agency obligations$49,871 $— $(5,902)$— $43,969 
Mortgage-backed securities and collateralized mortgage obligations351,283 — (38,075)— 313,208 
$401,154 $— $(43,977)$— $357,177 

December 31, 2022
Amortized CostGross Unrealized GainsGross Unrealized (Losses)Allowance for Credit LossesFair Value
(In thousands)
U.S. government and agency obligations$49,871 $— $(7,304)$— $42,567 
Mortgage-backed securities and collateralized mortgage obligations371,652 — (43,828)— 327,824 
$421,523 $— $(51,132)$— $370,391 
    
The amortized cost and fair value of debt securities held to maturity at December 31, 2023, by contractual final maturity, is shown below. Expected maturities may differ from contractual maturities due to prepayment or early call options exercised by the issuer.
December 31, 2023
Amortized CostFair Value
(In thousands)
More than one year to five years$29,875 $27,723 
More than five years to ten years9,996 8,661 
More than ten years10,000 7,585 
49,871 43,969 
Mortgage-backed securities and collateralized mortgage obligations351,283 313,208 
$401,154 $357,177 

Mortgage-backed securities and collateralized mortgage obligations totaling $351.3 million at amortized cost, and $313.2 million at fair value at December 31, 2023, are not classified by maturity in the table above as their expected lives are likely to be shorter than the contractual maturity date due to principal prepayments.

During the year ended December 31, 2023, there were no sales or calls of debt securities held to maturity. During the year ended December 31, 2023, proceeds from matured debt securities held to maturity totaled $4.3 million.

During the year ended December 31, 2022, there were no sales, calls or maturities of debt securities held to maturity.

During the year ended December 31, 2021, there were no sales of debt securities held to maturity. During the year ended December 31, 2021, proceeds from called debt securities held to maturity totaled $5.1 million, resulting in no gross gains or losses.
(5)     Debt Securities Held to Maturity (continued)
Debt securities held to maturity having a carrying value of $202.9 million and $228.8 million, at December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively, were pledged as security for public funds on deposit at Columbia Bank as required and permitted by law, pledged for outstanding borrowings at the Federal Home Loan Bank, and pledged for potential borrowings at the Federal Reserve Bank of New York.

The following tables summarize the fair value and gross unrealized losses of those securities that reported an unrealized loss at December 31, 2023 and 2022 and if the unrealized loss position was continuous for the twelve months prior to those respective dates:

December 31, 2023
Less Than 12 Months12 Months or LongerTotal
Fair ValueGross Unrealized (Losses)Fair ValueGross Unrealized (Losses)Fair ValueGross Unrealized (Losses)
(In thousands)
U.S. government and agency obligations$— $— $43,969 $(5,902)$43,969 $(5,902)
Mortgage-backed securities and collateralized mortgage obligations— — 313,208 (38,075)313,208 (38,075)
$— $— $357,177 $(43,977)$357,177 $(43,977)

December 31, 2022
Less than 12 months12 months or longerTotal
Fair ValueGross Unrealized (Losses)Fair ValueGross Unrealized (Losses)Fair ValueGross Unrealized (Losses)
(In thousands)
U.S. government and agency obligations$4,956 $(44)$37,611 $(7,260)$42,567 $(7,304)
Mortgage-backed securities and collateralized mortgage obligations275,107 (33,000)52,717 (10,828)327,824 (43,828)
$280,063 $(33,044)$90,328 $(18,088)$370,391 $(51,132)

The number of securities in an unrealized loss position at December 31, 2023 totaled 108, compared with 116 at December 31, 2022. All temporarily impaired securities were investment grade as of December 31, 2023 and 2022.

For held to maturity securities, management measures expected credit losses on a collective basis by major security type. All
of the mortgage-backed securities are issued by U.S. government agencies and are either explicitly or implicitly guaranteed by the U.S. government, are highly rated by major rating agencies and have a long history of no credit losses and, therefore, the expectation of non-payment is zero and the Company is not required to estimate an allowance for credit losses on these securities under the CECL standard. All these securities reflect a credit quality rating of AAA by Moody's Investors Service.

The Company made an accounting policy election to exclude accrued interest receivable from the amortized cost basis of debt securities held to maturity. Accrued interest receivable on debt securities held to maturity is reported as a component of accrued interest receivable in the Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition, which totaled $997,000 and $1.0 million at December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively, and is excluded from the estimate of credit losses.
Equity Securities at Fair Value
The Company has an equity securities portfolio which consists of stock in other financial institutions, a payment technology company, a community bank correspondent services company, preferred stock in U.S. Government agencies, and a Community Reinvestment Act qualifying bond fund which are reported at fair value on the Company's Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition. The fair value of the equities portfolio at December 31, 2023 and 2022 was $4.1 million and $3.4 million, respectively.

The Company recorded a net increase (decrease) in the fair value of equity securities of $695,000 and $(401,000) during the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively, as a component of non-interest income.
During the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, there were no sales of equity securities. During the year ended December 31, 2021, sales of equity securities totaled $1.4 million sales resulting in gross gains of $383,000 and no gross losses.
v3.24.0.1
Debt Securities Held to Maturity
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2023
Investments, Debt and Equity Securities [Abstract]  
Debt Securities Held to Maturity Debt Securities Available for Sale
    Debt securities available for sale at December 31, 2023 and 2022 are summarized as follows:
December 31, 2023
Amortized CostGross Unrealized GainsGross Unrealized (Losses)Fair Value
(In thousands)
U.S. government and agency obligations$146,387 $924 $(1,810)$145,501 
Mortgage-backed securities and collateralized mortgage obligations1,009,508 20 (141,943)867,585 
Municipal obligations2,770 — (68)2,702 
Corporate debt securities92,565 (14,798)77,769 
$1,251,230 $946 $(158,619)$1,093,557 

December 31, 2022
Amortized CostGross Unrealized GainsGross Unrealized (Losses)Fair Value
(In thousands)
U.S. government and agency obligations$67,771 $— $(4,205)$63,566 
Mortgage-backed securities and collateralized mortgage obligations1,351,929 135 (170,337)1,181,727 
Municipal obligations3,697 — (122)3,575 
Corporate debt securities92,544 (12,784)79,766 
$1,515,941 $141 $(187,448)$1,328,634 

    The amortized cost and fair value of debt securities available for sale at December 31, 2023, by contractual final maturity, is shown below. Expected maturities may differ from contractual maturities due to prepayment or early call options exercised by the issuer.

December 31, 2023
Amortized CostFair Value
(In thousands)
One year or less$50,854 $50,924 
More than one year to five years122,038 119,556 
More than five years to ten years68,830 55,492 
$241,722 $225,972 
Mortgage-backed securities and collateralized mortgage obligations1,009,508 867,585 
$1,251,230 $1,093,557 
    

Mortgage-backed securities and collateralized mortgage obligations totaling $1.0 billion at amortized cost and $867.6 million at fair value, are not classified by maturity in the table above as their expected lives are likely to be shorter than the contractual maturity date due to principal prepayments.
(4)     Debt Securities Available for Sale (continued)

During the year ended December 31, 2023, proceeds from the sale of debt securities available for sale totaled $277.0 million, resulting in no gross gains and $10.8 million of gross losses. There were no calls and $4,000 in maturities of debt securities available for sale during the year ended December 31, 2023.

During the year ended December 31, 2022, proceeds from the sale of debt securities available for sale totaled $126.8 million, resulting in gross gains of $710,000 and $500,000 of gross losses. There were no calls and $915,000 in maturities of debt securities available for sale during the year ended December 31, 2022.
    
During the year ended December 31, 2021, proceeds from the sale of debt securities available for sale totaled $90.3 million, resulting in gross gains of $2.1 million and gross losses $439,000. Proceeds from called debt securities available for sale totaled $14.0 million resulting in no gross gains or losses. Proceeds from matured debt securities available for sale totaled $210,000.

Debt securities available for sale having a carrying value of $211.5 million and $724.0 million, at December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively, were pledged as security for public funds on deposit at Columbia Bank as required and permitted by law, pledged for outstanding borrowings at the Federal Home Loan Bank, and pledged for potential borrowings at the Federal Reserve Bank of New York. Debt securities available for sale having a carrying value of $75.1 million and $28.3 million, at December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively, were pledged by Freehold Bank for outstanding borrowings at the Federal Home Loan Bank, and for potential borrowings at the Federal Reserve Bank of New York.

The following tables summarize the fair value and gross unrealized losses of those securities that reported an unrealized loss at December 31, 2023 and 2022 and if the unrealized loss position was continuous for the twelve months prior to those respective dates:
December 31, 2023
Less Than 12 Months12 Months or LongerTotal
Fair ValueGross Unrealized (Losses)Fair ValueGross Unrealized (Losses)Fair ValueGross Unrealized (Losses)
(In thousands)
U.S. government and agency obligations$— $— $21,344 $(1,810)$21,344 $(1,810)
Mortgage-backed securities and collateralized mortgage obligations54 (4)863,026 (141,939)863,080 (141,943)
Municipal obligations— — 2,702 (68)2,702 (68)
Corporate debt securities— — 75,765 (14,798)75,765 (14,798)
$54 $(4)$962,837 $(158,615)$962,891 $(158,619)

December 31, 2022
Less Than 12 Months12 Months or LongerTotal
Fair ValueGross Unrealized (Losses)Fair ValueGross Unrealized (Losses)Fair ValueGross Unrealized (Losses)
(In thousands)
U.S. government and agency obligations$47,956 $(2,359)$15,610 $(1,846)$63,566 $(4,205)
Mortgage-backed securities and collateralized mortgage obligations424,328 (29,013)741,515 (141,324)1,165,843 (170,337)
Municipal obligations3,574 (122)— — 3,574 (122)
Corporate debt securities46,751 (5,792)31,008 (6,992)77,759 (12,784)
$522,609 $(37,286)$788,133 $(150,162)$1,310,742 $(187,448)
(4)     Debt Securities Available for Sale (continued)

The number of securities in an unrealized loss position at December 31, 2023 totaled 329, compared with 455 at December 31, 2022. All temporarily impaired securities were investment grade as of December 31, 2023, except two corporate debt security positions totaling $8.1 million which are rated BB+. All temporarily impaired securities were investment grade at December 31, 2022.

For available for sale securities, the Company assesses whether a loss is from credit or other factors and considers the extent to which fair value is less than amortized cost, any changes to the rating of the security by a rating agency and adverse conditions related to the security, among other factors. If this assessment indicates that a credit loss exists, the present value of cash flows expected to be collected from the security are compared to the amortized cost basis of the security. If the present value of cash flows is less than the amortized cost, a credit loss would be recorded through an allowance for credit losses, limited by the amount that the fair value is less than the amortized cost basis.

The following table presents the activity in the allowance for credit losses on debt securities available for sale for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022:

December 31,
20232022
(In thousands)
Allowance for Credit Losses:
Beginning balance$— $— 
Impact of adopting ASU 2016-13 (CECL) effective January 1, 2022— 490 
(Reversal of) credit losses— (490)
Ending balance$— $— 

The Company made an accounting policy election to exclude accrued interest receivable from the amortized cost basis of debt securities available for sale. Accrued interest receivable on debt securities available for sale is reported as a component of accrued interest receivable in the Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition, which totaled $3.7 million and $3.2 million at December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively, and is excluded from the estimate of credit losses.
Debt Securities Held to Maturity
Debt securities held to maturity at December 31, 2023 and 2022 are summarized as follows:
December 31, 2023
Amortized CostGross Unrealized GainsGross Unrealized (Losses)Allowance for Credit LossesFair Value
(In thousands)
U.S. government and agency obligations$49,871 $— $(5,902)$— $43,969 
Mortgage-backed securities and collateralized mortgage obligations351,283 — (38,075)— 313,208 
$401,154 $— $(43,977)$— $357,177 

December 31, 2022
Amortized CostGross Unrealized GainsGross Unrealized (Losses)Allowance for Credit LossesFair Value
(In thousands)
U.S. government and agency obligations$49,871 $— $(7,304)$— $42,567 
Mortgage-backed securities and collateralized mortgage obligations371,652 — (43,828)— 327,824 
$421,523 $— $(51,132)$— $370,391 
    
The amortized cost and fair value of debt securities held to maturity at December 31, 2023, by contractual final maturity, is shown below. Expected maturities may differ from contractual maturities due to prepayment or early call options exercised by the issuer.
December 31, 2023
Amortized CostFair Value
(In thousands)
More than one year to five years$29,875 $27,723 
More than five years to ten years9,996 8,661 
More than ten years10,000 7,585 
49,871 43,969 
Mortgage-backed securities and collateralized mortgage obligations351,283 313,208 
$401,154 $357,177 

Mortgage-backed securities and collateralized mortgage obligations totaling $351.3 million at amortized cost, and $313.2 million at fair value at December 31, 2023, are not classified by maturity in the table above as their expected lives are likely to be shorter than the contractual maturity date due to principal prepayments.

During the year ended December 31, 2023, there were no sales or calls of debt securities held to maturity. During the year ended December 31, 2023, proceeds from matured debt securities held to maturity totaled $4.3 million.

During the year ended December 31, 2022, there were no sales, calls or maturities of debt securities held to maturity.

During the year ended December 31, 2021, there were no sales of debt securities held to maturity. During the year ended December 31, 2021, proceeds from called debt securities held to maturity totaled $5.1 million, resulting in no gross gains or losses.
(5)     Debt Securities Held to Maturity (continued)
Debt securities held to maturity having a carrying value of $202.9 million and $228.8 million, at December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively, were pledged as security for public funds on deposit at Columbia Bank as required and permitted by law, pledged for outstanding borrowings at the Federal Home Loan Bank, and pledged for potential borrowings at the Federal Reserve Bank of New York.

The following tables summarize the fair value and gross unrealized losses of those securities that reported an unrealized loss at December 31, 2023 and 2022 and if the unrealized loss position was continuous for the twelve months prior to those respective dates:

December 31, 2023
Less Than 12 Months12 Months or LongerTotal
Fair ValueGross Unrealized (Losses)Fair ValueGross Unrealized (Losses)Fair ValueGross Unrealized (Losses)
(In thousands)
U.S. government and agency obligations$— $— $43,969 $(5,902)$43,969 $(5,902)
Mortgage-backed securities and collateralized mortgage obligations— — 313,208 (38,075)313,208 (38,075)
$— $— $357,177 $(43,977)$357,177 $(43,977)

December 31, 2022
Less than 12 months12 months or longerTotal
Fair ValueGross Unrealized (Losses)Fair ValueGross Unrealized (Losses)Fair ValueGross Unrealized (Losses)
(In thousands)
U.S. government and agency obligations$4,956 $(44)$37,611 $(7,260)$42,567 $(7,304)
Mortgage-backed securities and collateralized mortgage obligations275,107 (33,000)52,717 (10,828)327,824 (43,828)
$280,063 $(33,044)$90,328 $(18,088)$370,391 $(51,132)

The number of securities in an unrealized loss position at December 31, 2023 totaled 108, compared with 116 at December 31, 2022. All temporarily impaired securities were investment grade as of December 31, 2023 and 2022.

For held to maturity securities, management measures expected credit losses on a collective basis by major security type. All
of the mortgage-backed securities are issued by U.S. government agencies and are either explicitly or implicitly guaranteed by the U.S. government, are highly rated by major rating agencies and have a long history of no credit losses and, therefore, the expectation of non-payment is zero and the Company is not required to estimate an allowance for credit losses on these securities under the CECL standard. All these securities reflect a credit quality rating of AAA by Moody's Investors Service.

The Company made an accounting policy election to exclude accrued interest receivable from the amortized cost basis of debt securities held to maturity. Accrued interest receivable on debt securities held to maturity is reported as a component of accrued interest receivable in the Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition, which totaled $997,000 and $1.0 million at December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively, and is excluded from the estimate of credit losses.
Equity Securities at Fair Value
The Company has an equity securities portfolio which consists of stock in other financial institutions, a payment technology company, a community bank correspondent services company, preferred stock in U.S. Government agencies, and a Community Reinvestment Act qualifying bond fund which are reported at fair value on the Company's Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition. The fair value of the equities portfolio at December 31, 2023 and 2022 was $4.1 million and $3.4 million, respectively.

The Company recorded a net increase (decrease) in the fair value of equity securities of $695,000 and $(401,000) during the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively, as a component of non-interest income.
During the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, there were no sales of equity securities. During the year ended December 31, 2021, sales of equity securities totaled $1.4 million sales resulting in gross gains of $383,000 and no gross losses.
v3.24.0.1
Equity Securities at Fair Value
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2023
Investments, Debt and Equity Securities [Abstract]  
Equity Securities at Fair Value Debt Securities Available for Sale
    Debt securities available for sale at December 31, 2023 and 2022 are summarized as follows:
December 31, 2023
Amortized CostGross Unrealized GainsGross Unrealized (Losses)Fair Value
(In thousands)
U.S. government and agency obligations$146,387 $924 $(1,810)$145,501 
Mortgage-backed securities and collateralized mortgage obligations1,009,508 20 (141,943)867,585 
Municipal obligations2,770 — (68)2,702 
Corporate debt securities92,565 (14,798)77,769 
$1,251,230 $946 $(158,619)$1,093,557 

December 31, 2022
Amortized CostGross Unrealized GainsGross Unrealized (Losses)Fair Value
(In thousands)
U.S. government and agency obligations$67,771 $— $(4,205)$63,566 
Mortgage-backed securities and collateralized mortgage obligations1,351,929 135 (170,337)1,181,727 
Municipal obligations3,697 — (122)3,575 
Corporate debt securities92,544 (12,784)79,766 
$1,515,941 $141 $(187,448)$1,328,634 

    The amortized cost and fair value of debt securities available for sale at December 31, 2023, by contractual final maturity, is shown below. Expected maturities may differ from contractual maturities due to prepayment or early call options exercised by the issuer.

December 31, 2023
Amortized CostFair Value
(In thousands)
One year or less$50,854 $50,924 
More than one year to five years122,038 119,556 
More than five years to ten years68,830 55,492 
$241,722 $225,972 
Mortgage-backed securities and collateralized mortgage obligations1,009,508 867,585 
$1,251,230 $1,093,557 
    

Mortgage-backed securities and collateralized mortgage obligations totaling $1.0 billion at amortized cost and $867.6 million at fair value, are not classified by maturity in the table above as their expected lives are likely to be shorter than the contractual maturity date due to principal prepayments.
(4)     Debt Securities Available for Sale (continued)

During the year ended December 31, 2023, proceeds from the sale of debt securities available for sale totaled $277.0 million, resulting in no gross gains and $10.8 million of gross losses. There were no calls and $4,000 in maturities of debt securities available for sale during the year ended December 31, 2023.

During the year ended December 31, 2022, proceeds from the sale of debt securities available for sale totaled $126.8 million, resulting in gross gains of $710,000 and $500,000 of gross losses. There were no calls and $915,000 in maturities of debt securities available for sale during the year ended December 31, 2022.
    
During the year ended December 31, 2021, proceeds from the sale of debt securities available for sale totaled $90.3 million, resulting in gross gains of $2.1 million and gross losses $439,000. Proceeds from called debt securities available for sale totaled $14.0 million resulting in no gross gains or losses. Proceeds from matured debt securities available for sale totaled $210,000.

Debt securities available for sale having a carrying value of $211.5 million and $724.0 million, at December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively, were pledged as security for public funds on deposit at Columbia Bank as required and permitted by law, pledged for outstanding borrowings at the Federal Home Loan Bank, and pledged for potential borrowings at the Federal Reserve Bank of New York. Debt securities available for sale having a carrying value of $75.1 million and $28.3 million, at December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively, were pledged by Freehold Bank for outstanding borrowings at the Federal Home Loan Bank, and for potential borrowings at the Federal Reserve Bank of New York.

The following tables summarize the fair value and gross unrealized losses of those securities that reported an unrealized loss at December 31, 2023 and 2022 and if the unrealized loss position was continuous for the twelve months prior to those respective dates:
December 31, 2023
Less Than 12 Months12 Months or LongerTotal
Fair ValueGross Unrealized (Losses)Fair ValueGross Unrealized (Losses)Fair ValueGross Unrealized (Losses)
(In thousands)
U.S. government and agency obligations$— $— $21,344 $(1,810)$21,344 $(1,810)
Mortgage-backed securities and collateralized mortgage obligations54 (4)863,026 (141,939)863,080 (141,943)
Municipal obligations— — 2,702 (68)2,702 (68)
Corporate debt securities— — 75,765 (14,798)75,765 (14,798)
$54 $(4)$962,837 $(158,615)$962,891 $(158,619)

December 31, 2022
Less Than 12 Months12 Months or LongerTotal
Fair ValueGross Unrealized (Losses)Fair ValueGross Unrealized (Losses)Fair ValueGross Unrealized (Losses)
(In thousands)
U.S. government and agency obligations$47,956 $(2,359)$15,610 $(1,846)$63,566 $(4,205)
Mortgage-backed securities and collateralized mortgage obligations424,328 (29,013)741,515 (141,324)1,165,843 (170,337)
Municipal obligations3,574 (122)— — 3,574 (122)
Corporate debt securities46,751 (5,792)31,008 (6,992)77,759 (12,784)
$522,609 $(37,286)$788,133 $(150,162)$1,310,742 $(187,448)
(4)     Debt Securities Available for Sale (continued)

The number of securities in an unrealized loss position at December 31, 2023 totaled 329, compared with 455 at December 31, 2022. All temporarily impaired securities were investment grade as of December 31, 2023, except two corporate debt security positions totaling $8.1 million which are rated BB+. All temporarily impaired securities were investment grade at December 31, 2022.

For available for sale securities, the Company assesses whether a loss is from credit or other factors and considers the extent to which fair value is less than amortized cost, any changes to the rating of the security by a rating agency and adverse conditions related to the security, among other factors. If this assessment indicates that a credit loss exists, the present value of cash flows expected to be collected from the security are compared to the amortized cost basis of the security. If the present value of cash flows is less than the amortized cost, a credit loss would be recorded through an allowance for credit losses, limited by the amount that the fair value is less than the amortized cost basis.

The following table presents the activity in the allowance for credit losses on debt securities available for sale for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022:

December 31,
20232022
(In thousands)
Allowance for Credit Losses:
Beginning balance$— $— 
Impact of adopting ASU 2016-13 (CECL) effective January 1, 2022— 490 
(Reversal of) credit losses— (490)
Ending balance$— $— 

The Company made an accounting policy election to exclude accrued interest receivable from the amortized cost basis of debt securities available for sale. Accrued interest receivable on debt securities available for sale is reported as a component of accrued interest receivable in the Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition, which totaled $3.7 million and $3.2 million at December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively, and is excluded from the estimate of credit losses.
Debt Securities Held to Maturity
Debt securities held to maturity at December 31, 2023 and 2022 are summarized as follows:
December 31, 2023
Amortized CostGross Unrealized GainsGross Unrealized (Losses)Allowance for Credit LossesFair Value
(In thousands)
U.S. government and agency obligations$49,871 $— $(5,902)$— $43,969 
Mortgage-backed securities and collateralized mortgage obligations351,283 — (38,075)— 313,208 
$401,154 $— $(43,977)$— $357,177 

December 31, 2022
Amortized CostGross Unrealized GainsGross Unrealized (Losses)Allowance for Credit LossesFair Value
(In thousands)
U.S. government and agency obligations$49,871 $— $(7,304)$— $42,567 
Mortgage-backed securities and collateralized mortgage obligations371,652 — (43,828)— 327,824 
$421,523 $— $(51,132)$— $370,391 
    
The amortized cost and fair value of debt securities held to maturity at December 31, 2023, by contractual final maturity, is shown below. Expected maturities may differ from contractual maturities due to prepayment or early call options exercised by the issuer.
December 31, 2023
Amortized CostFair Value
(In thousands)
More than one year to five years$29,875 $27,723 
More than five years to ten years9,996 8,661 
More than ten years10,000 7,585 
49,871 43,969 
Mortgage-backed securities and collateralized mortgage obligations351,283 313,208 
$401,154 $357,177 

Mortgage-backed securities and collateralized mortgage obligations totaling $351.3 million at amortized cost, and $313.2 million at fair value at December 31, 2023, are not classified by maturity in the table above as their expected lives are likely to be shorter than the contractual maturity date due to principal prepayments.

During the year ended December 31, 2023, there were no sales or calls of debt securities held to maturity. During the year ended December 31, 2023, proceeds from matured debt securities held to maturity totaled $4.3 million.

During the year ended December 31, 2022, there were no sales, calls or maturities of debt securities held to maturity.

During the year ended December 31, 2021, there were no sales of debt securities held to maturity. During the year ended December 31, 2021, proceeds from called debt securities held to maturity totaled $5.1 million, resulting in no gross gains or losses.
(5)     Debt Securities Held to Maturity (continued)
Debt securities held to maturity having a carrying value of $202.9 million and $228.8 million, at December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively, were pledged as security for public funds on deposit at Columbia Bank as required and permitted by law, pledged for outstanding borrowings at the Federal Home Loan Bank, and pledged for potential borrowings at the Federal Reserve Bank of New York.

The following tables summarize the fair value and gross unrealized losses of those securities that reported an unrealized loss at December 31, 2023 and 2022 and if the unrealized loss position was continuous for the twelve months prior to those respective dates:

December 31, 2023
Less Than 12 Months12 Months or LongerTotal
Fair ValueGross Unrealized (Losses)Fair ValueGross Unrealized (Losses)Fair ValueGross Unrealized (Losses)
(In thousands)
U.S. government and agency obligations$— $— $43,969 $(5,902)$43,969 $(5,902)
Mortgage-backed securities and collateralized mortgage obligations— — 313,208 (38,075)313,208 (38,075)
$— $— $357,177 $(43,977)$357,177 $(43,977)

December 31, 2022
Less than 12 months12 months or longerTotal
Fair ValueGross Unrealized (Losses)Fair ValueGross Unrealized (Losses)Fair ValueGross Unrealized (Losses)
(In thousands)
U.S. government and agency obligations$4,956 $(44)$37,611 $(7,260)$42,567 $(7,304)
Mortgage-backed securities and collateralized mortgage obligations275,107 (33,000)52,717 (10,828)327,824 (43,828)
$280,063 $(33,044)$90,328 $(18,088)$370,391 $(51,132)

The number of securities in an unrealized loss position at December 31, 2023 totaled 108, compared with 116 at December 31, 2022. All temporarily impaired securities were investment grade as of December 31, 2023 and 2022.

For held to maturity securities, management measures expected credit losses on a collective basis by major security type. All
of the mortgage-backed securities are issued by U.S. government agencies and are either explicitly or implicitly guaranteed by the U.S. government, are highly rated by major rating agencies and have a long history of no credit losses and, therefore, the expectation of non-payment is zero and the Company is not required to estimate an allowance for credit losses on these securities under the CECL standard. All these securities reflect a credit quality rating of AAA by Moody's Investors Service.

The Company made an accounting policy election to exclude accrued interest receivable from the amortized cost basis of debt securities held to maturity. Accrued interest receivable on debt securities held to maturity is reported as a component of accrued interest receivable in the Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition, which totaled $997,000 and $1.0 million at December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively, and is excluded from the estimate of credit losses.
Equity Securities at Fair Value
The Company has an equity securities portfolio which consists of stock in other financial institutions, a payment technology company, a community bank correspondent services company, preferred stock in U.S. Government agencies, and a Community Reinvestment Act qualifying bond fund which are reported at fair value on the Company's Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition. The fair value of the equities portfolio at December 31, 2023 and 2022 was $4.1 million and $3.4 million, respectively.

The Company recorded a net increase (decrease) in the fair value of equity securities of $695,000 and $(401,000) during the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively, as a component of non-interest income.
During the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, there were no sales of equity securities. During the year ended December 31, 2021, sales of equity securities totaled $1.4 million sales resulting in gross gains of $383,000 and no gross losses.
v3.24.0.1
Receivable and Allowance for Credit Losses
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2023
Receivables [Abstract]  
Receivable and Allowance for Credit Losses Receivable and Allowance for Credit Losses
Loans receivable at December 31, 2023 and 2022 are summarized as follows:
December 31,
20232022
(In thousands)
Real estate loans:
One-to-four family$2,792,833 $2,860,184 
Multifamily1,409,187 1,239,207 
Commercial real estate2,377,077 2,413,394 
Construction443,094 336,553 
Commercial business loans 533,041 497,469 
Consumer loans:
Home equity loans and advances266,632 274,302 
Other consumer loans2,801 3,425 
Total gross loans7,824,665 7,624,534 
Purchased credit-deteriorated loans15,089 17,059 
Net deferred loan costs, fees and purchased premiums and discounts 34,783 35,971 
Loans receivable$7,874,537 $7,677,564 

The Company had no loans held-for-sale at December 31, 2023 and 2022. During the year ended December 31, 2023, the Company sold $73.4 million, $21.4 million, $8.1 million, and $18.4 million of one-to-four family real estate loans and home equity loans, commercial real estate loans, construction loans, and SBA loans included in commercial business loans held-for sale, respectively, resulting in gross gains of $2.3 million and gross losses of $1.0 million. During the year ended December 31, 2022, the Company sold $2.7 million, $2.8 million, and $4.1 million of one-to-four family real estate loans, SBA loans included in commercial business loans, and construction loans held-for sale, respectively, resulting in gross gains of $242,000 and gross losses of $64,000. During the year ended December 31, 2021, the Company sold $18.5 million, $19.1 million, $6.4 million, and $258.1 million of one-to-four family real estate loans and home equity loans, commercial real estate loans, construction loans, and commercial business and SBA loans held-for-sale, respectively, resulting in gross gains of $8.6 million and gross losses of $24,000.

During the year ended December 31, 2023, the Company purchased a $14.7 million commercial real estate participation loan from a third-party financial institution. During the year ended December 31, 2022 the Company purchased $8.3 million of one-to-four family real estate loans from third parties. During the year ended December 31, 2021 the Company purchased $11.8 million of one-to-four family real estate loans and $73.6 million of commercial real estate loans from third parties.

At December 31, 2023 and 2022, commercial business loans included $809,000, and $1.6 million, respectively, in SBA Payroll Protection Program ("PPP") loans and net deferred fees related to these loans totaling $0 and $13,000, respectively.

At December 31, 2023 and 2022, the carrying value of loans serviced by the Company for investors was $551.0 million and $497.1 million, respectively. These loans are not included in the Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition. Servicing income totaled $1.4 million, $1.3 million, and $1.5 million for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021.

The Company has entered into guarantor swaps with Freddie Mac which results in improved liquidity. During the year ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, no loans were exchanged for Freddie Mac mortgage participation certificates. During the year ended December 31, 2021, the Company exchanged $99.6 million of loans for Freddie Mac mortgage participation certificates, resulting in gross gains of $2.3 million gross gains and no gross losses. The Company retained servicing of these loans.
(7)     Loans Receivable and Allowance for Credit Losses (continued)

The Company has granted loans to certain officers and directors of the Company and its subsidiaries and to their associates. At December 31, 2023 and 2022, such loans totaled approximately $9.1 million and $9.3 million, respectively. During the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021 Columbia Bank granted one new loan to a related party for $100,000, two new loans to a related party totaling $751,000, and one new loan to a related party for $522,700, respectively. These loans are performing in accordance with their original terms.

The following tables summarize the aging of loans receivable by portfolio segment, including non-accrual loans and excluding PCD loans, at December 31, 2023 and 2022:
December 31, 2023
30-59 Days60-89 Days90 Days or MoreTotal Past DueNon-accrualCurrentTotal
(In thousands)
Real estate loans:
One-to-four family$11,079 $4,254 $1,558 $16,891 $3,139 $2,775,942 $2,792,833 
Multifamily— — — — — 1,409,187 1,409,187 
Commercial real estate1,711 2,472 2,740 6,923 2,740 2,370,154 2,377,077 
Construction— — — — — 443,094 443,094 
Commercial business loans1,727 4,917 6,518 13,162 6,518 519,879 533,041 
Consumer loans:
Home equity loans and advances779 14 170 963 221 265,669 266,632 
Other consumer loans— — — 2,800 2,801 
Total loans$15,297 $11,657 $10,986 $37,940 $12,618 $7,786,725 $7,824,665 

December 31, 2022
30-59 Days60-89 Days90 Days or MoreTotal Past DueNon-accrualCurrentTotal
(In thousands)
Real estate loans:
One-to-four family$4,063 $1,149 $1,808 $7,020 $2,730 $2,853,164 $2,860,184 
Multifamily— — — — — 1,239,207 1,239,207 
Commercial real estate— 853 2,892 3,745 2,892 2,409,649 2,413,394 
Construction5,218 — — 5,218 — 331,335 336,553 
Commercial business loans220 — 474 694 801 496,775 497,469 
Consumer loans:
Home equity loans and advances465 33 286 784 286 273,518 274,302 
Other consumer loans12 16 12 3,409 3,425 
Total loans$9,969 $2,036 $5,472 17,477 $6,721 $7,607,057 $7,624,534 

The Company considers a loan to be delinquent when we have not received a payment within 30 days of its contractual due date. Generally, a loan is designated as a non-accrual loan when the payment of interest is 90 days or more in arrears of its contractual due date. Non-accruing loans are returned to an accrual status after there has been a sustained period of repayment performance (generally six consecutive months of payments) and both principal and interest are deemed collectible. The Company identifies loans that may need to be charged-off as a loss, by reviewing all delinquent loans, classified loans and other loans that management may have concerns about collectability. At December 31, 2023 and 2022, non-accrual loans totaled $12.6 million and $6.7 million, respectively. Included in non-accrual loans at December 31, 2023 and 2022, are 10 and 7 loans totaling $1.6 million and $1.2 million which are less than 90 days in arrears.
(7)     Loans Receivable and Allowance for Credit Losses (continued)

If non-accrual loans had performed in accordance with their original terms, interest income would have increased by $909,000, $392,000, and $190,000 for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021, respectively. The amount of cash basis interest income that was recognized on these loans during the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021, was $358,000, $161,000, and $242,000, respectively.

At December 31, 2023 and 2022, there were no loans past due 90 or more still accruing interest.

Purchased credit impaired loans ("PCI") were loans acquired at a discount primarily due to deteriorated credit quality. These loans were initially recorded at fair value at acquisition, based upon the present value of expected future cash flows, with no related allowance for credit losses. In connection with the adoption of CECL on January 1, 2022, all loans considered PCI loans prior to that date were converted to purchase credit-deteriorated ("PCD") loans. Loans acquired in a business combination after January 1, 2022 are recorded in accordance with ASC Topic 326, which requires loans as of the acquisition date, that have experienced a more than insignificant deterioration in credit quality since origination to be classified as PCD loans.

At December 31, 2023 and 2022, PCD loans acquired in the Stewardship Financial Corporation acquisition totaled $1.7 million and $2.0 million, respectively, PCD loans acquired in the Roselle Bank acquisition totaled $0 and $184,000, respectively, PCD loans acquired in the Freehold Bank acquisition totaled $2.8 million and $3.7 million, respectively, and PCD loans acquired in the RSI Bank acquisition totaled $10.6 million and $11.3 million, respectively. An initial allowance for credit losses of $633,000 was recorded through a gross-up adjustment to fair values of PCD loans related to the loans acquired in connection with the RSI Bank acquisition.

We may obtain physical possession of real estate collateralizing a residential mortgage loan via foreclosure or through an in-substance repossession. At December 31, 2023 and 2022, the Company had no real estate owned. At December 31, 2023, we had one residential mortgage loan and one home equity loan with carrying values of $576,000 and $93,000, respectively, collateralized by residential real estate which were in the process of foreclosure. At December 31, 2022 we had two home equity loans with a total carrying value of $81,000, collateralized by residential real estate which were in the process of foreclosure.

On January 1, 2022, the Company adopted CECL (ASC Topic 326), which replaced the historical incurred loss methodology with an expected loss methodology. The loan portfolio segmentation was expanded to seven portfolio segments taking into consideration common loan attributes and risk characteristics, as well as historical reporting metrics and data availability. The Company made an accounting policy election to exclude accrued interest receivable from the amortized cost basis of loans receivable. Accrued interest receivable on loans receivable is reported as a component of accrued interest receivable in the Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition, which totaled $32.9 million and $29.4 million at December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively and is excluded from the estimate of credit losses. Refer to note 2, Summary of Significant Accounting Policies for additional information on the adoption of Topic 326 and CECL methodology.

The allowance for credit losses on loans ("ACL") is established through the provision for credit losses that are charged to income, which is based upon an evaluation of estimated losses in the current loan portfolio, including the evaluation of individually analyzed loans. Charge-offs against the ACL are taken on loans where management determines that the collection of loan principal and interest is unlikely. Recoveries made on loans that have been charged-off are credited to the ACL. Although we believe we have established and maintained the ACL on loans at appropriate levels, changes in reserves may be necessary if actual economic and other conditions differ substantially from the forecast used in estimating the ACL.

(7)     Loans Receivable and Allowance for Credit Losses (continued)

The following tables summarize loans receivable (including PCD loans) and allowance for credit losses by portfolio segment and impairment method at December 31, 2023 and 2022:
December 31, 2023
One-to-Four FamilyMultifamilyCommercial Real EstateConstructionCommercial Business Home Equity Loans and AdvancesOther Consumer LoansTotal
(In thousands)
Allowance for credit losses:
Individually analyzed loans$186 $$237 $— $154 $30 $— $614 
Collectively analyzed loans12,827 8,735 15,378 7,758 7,742 1,862 54,309 
Loans acquired with deteriorated credit quality — 142 — 27 — — 173 
Total$13,017 $8,742 $15,757 $7,758 $7,923 $1,892 $$55,096 
Total loans:
Individually analyzed loans$4,063 $382 $15,360 $— $11,550 $601 $— $31,956 
Collectively analyzed loans2,788,770 1,408,805 2,361,717 443,094 521,491 266,031 2,801 7,792,709 
Loans acquired with deteriorated credit quality 1,893 — 12,689 — 369 138 — 15,089 
Total loans$2,794,726 $1,409,187 $2,389,766 $443,094 $533,410 $266,770 $2,801 $7,839,754 
(7)     Loans Receivable and Allowance for Credit Losses (continued)

December 31, 2022
One-to-Four FamilyMultifamilyCommercial Real EstateConstructionCommercial Business Home Equity Loans and AdvancesOther Consumer LoansTotal
(In thousands)
Allowance for credit losses:
Individually analyzed loans$201 $$99 $— $10 $26 $— $339 
Collectively analyzed loans11,591 7,874 17,961 6,415 6,876 1,654 10 52,381 
Loans acquired with deteriorated credit quality10 — 51 10 11 — 83 
Total$11,802 $7,877 $18,111 $6,425 $6,897 $1,681 $10 $52,803 
Total loans:
Individually analyzed loans$4,164 $457 $16,729 $— $1,173 $697 $— $23,220 
Collectively analyzed loans2,856,020 1,238,750 2,396,665 336,553 496,296 273,605 3,425 7,601,314 
Loans acquired with deteriorated credit quality2,158 — 13,116 1,040 496 249 — 17,059 
Total loans$2,862,342 $1,239,207 $2,426,510 $337,593 $497,965 $274,551 $3,425 $7,641,593 

On January 1, 2023, the Company adopted ASU 2022-02, Financial Instruments-Credit Losses (Topic 326), Troubled Debt Restructurings and Vintage Disclosures, which eliminated the accounting guidance for troubled debt restructurings (“TDRs”) while enhancing disclosure requirements for certain loan refinancing and restructurings by creditors when a borrower is experiencing financial difficulty. This guidance was applied on a prospective basis. Modifications made to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty may include principal or interest forgiveness, forbearance, interest rate reductions, term extensions, or a combination of these events intended to minimize economic loss and to avoid foreclosure or repossession of collateral.

The following tables presents the modifications of loans to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty that were modified during the year ended December 31, 2023:
 For the Year Ended December 31, 2023
Amortized CostTerm ExtensionCombination of Term Extension, Interest Rate Reduction, and Principal Forgiveness% of Total Class of Loans Receivable
(In thousands)
Commercial real estate$1,038 $1,038 $— — %
Construction2,317 2,317 — 0.5 
Commercial business5,240 240 5,000 1.0 
Total loans$8,595 $3,595 $5,000 0.1 %
(7)     Loans Receivable and Allowance for Credit Losses (continued)

The following tables describes the types of modifications of loans to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty during the year ended December 31, 2023:
                                                                        For the Year Ended December 31, 2023
Type of Modifications
Commercial real estate
12 month term extension
Construction
12 month term extension
Commercial business
12 month term extension, interest rate reduction, and/or principal forgiveness

The Company closely monitors the performance of modifications of loans to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty to understand the effectiveness of these modification efforts. The Company did not extend any commitments to lend additional funds to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty whose loans had been modified during the year ended December 31, 2023:

The following tables presents the aging analysis of modifications of loans to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty at December 31, 2023:

December 31, 2023
Current30-59 Days60-89 Days90 Days or MoreNon-accrualTotal
(In thousands)
Commercial real estate$1,035 $— $— $— $— $1,035 
Construction 2,317 — — — — 2,317 
Commercial business— — 4,917 — 237 5,154 
Total loans$3,352 $— $4,917 $— $237 $8,506 

The activity in the allowance for credit losses on loans for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021 are as follows:

Years Ended December 31,
202320222021
(In thousands)
Balance at beginning of period$52,803 $62,689 $74,676 
Impact of Adopting ASU No. 2016-13 ("CECL") effective January 1, 2022— (16,443)— 
Initial allowance related to PCD loans— 633 — 
Provision for (reversal of) credit losses4,787 5,969 (9,953)
Recoveries1,000 593 1,530 
Charge-offs(3,494)(638)(3,564)
Balance at end of period$55,096 $52,803 $62,689 
(7)     Loans Receivable and Allowance for Credit Losses (continued)

The activity in the allowance for credit losses by portfolio segment for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022, and 2021, are as follows:
For the Year Ended December 31, 2023
One-to-Four FamilyMultifamilyCommercial Real EstateConstructionCommercial BusinessHome Equity Loans and AdvancesOther Consumer LoansTotal
(In thousands)
Balance at beginning of period$11,802 $7,877 $18,111 $6,425 $6,897 $1,681 $10 $52,803 
Provision for (reversal of) credit losses1,783 865 (2,225)1,333 2,765 160 106 4,787 
Recoveries17 — 21 — 879 77 1,000 
Charge-offs(585)— (150)— (2,618)(26)(115)(3,494)
Balance at end of period$13,017 $8,742 $15,757 $7,758 $7,923 $1,892 $$55,096 

For the Year Ended December 31, 2022
One-to-Four FamilyMultifamilyCommercial Real EstateConstructionCommercial BusinessHome Equity Loans and AdvancesOther Consumer LoansTotal
(In thousands)
Balance at beginning of period$8,798 $7,741 $16,114 $8,943 $20,214 $873 $$62,689 
Impact of adopting ASU No. 2016-13(2,308)(2,030)(4,227)(2,346)(5,302)(229)(1)(16,443)
Initial allowance related to PCD loans131 — 474 19 — 633 
Provision for (reversal of) credit losses5,225 2,166 5,750 (175)(8,052)1,019 36 5,969 
Recoveries338 — — — 208 45 593 
Charge-offs(382)— — — (190)(33)(33)(638)
Balance at end of period$11,802 $7,877 $18,111 $6,425 $6,897 $1,681 $10 $52,803 
(7)     Loans Receivable and Allowance for Credit Losses (continued)

For the Year Ended December 31, 2021
One-to-Four FamilyMultifamilyCommercial Real EstateConstructionCommercial BusinessHome Equity Loans and AdvancesOther Consumer LoansTotal
(In thousands)
Balance at beginning of period$13,586 $8,799 $21,882 $11,271 $17,384 $1,748 $$74,676 
Provision for (reversal of) credit losses(4,037)(978)(6,376)(2,330)4,384 (623)(9,953)
Recoveries22 216 1,015 219 56 — 1,530 
Charge-offs(773)(296)(407)— (1,773)(308)(7)(3,564)
Balance at end of period$8,798 $7,741 $16,114 $8,943 $20,214 $873 $$62,689 
(7)     Loans Receivable and Allowance for Credit Losses (continued)

The following tables present individually analyzed loans by segment, excluding PCD loans, at December 31, 2023 and 2022:
At December 31, 2023
Recorded InvestmentUnpaid Principal BalanceSpecific Allowance
(In thousands)
With no allowance recorded:
Real estate loans:
One-to-four family$1,170 $1,519 $— 
Multifamily49 52 — 
Commercial real estate12,741 14,364 — 
Commercial business loans5,814 6,764 — 
Consumer loans:
Home equity loans and advances145 163 — 
19,919 22,862 — 
With a specific allowance recorded:
Real estate loans:
One-to-four family2,893 2,911 186 
Multifamily333 333 
Commercial real estate2,619 2,622 237 
Commercial business loans5,736 5,736 154 
Consumer loans:
Home equity loans and advances456 456 30 
12,037 12,058 614 
Total:
Real estate loans:
One-to-four family4,063 4,430 186 
Multifamily382 385 
Commercial real estate15,360 16,986 237 
Commercial business loans11,550 12,500 154 
Consumer loans:
Home equity loans and advances601 619 30 
Total loans$31,956 $34,920 $614 
(7)     Loans Receivable and Allowance for Credit Losses (continued)

At December 31, 2022
Recorded InvestmentUnpaid Principal BalanceSpecific Allowance
(In thousands)
With no allowance recorded:
Real estate loans:
One-to-four family$1,296 $1,644 $— 
Multifamily59 63 — 
Commercial real estate14,836 15,699 — 
Commercial business loans143 400 — 
Consumer loans:
Home equity loans and advances223 315 — 
16,557 18,121 — 
With a specific allowance recorded:
Real estate loans:
One-to-four family2,868 2,887 201 
Multifamily398 397 
Commercial real estate1,893 1,896 99 
Commercial business loans1,030 1,030 10 
Consumer loans:
Home equity loans and advances474 474 26 
6,663 6,684 339 
Total:
Real estate loans:
One-to-four family4,164 4,531 201 
Multifamily457 460 
Commercial real estate16,729 17,595 99 
Commercial business loans1,173 1,430 10 
Consumer loans:
Home equity loans and advances697 789 26 
Total loans$23,220 $24,805 $339 

Specific allocations of the allowance for credit losses attributable to individually analyzed loans totaled $614,000 and $339,000 at December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. At December 31, 2023 and 2022, impaired loans for which there was no related allowance for credit losses totaled $19.9 million and $16.6 million, respectively.
(7)     Loans Receivable and Allowance for Credit Losses (continued)

The following table presents interest income recognized for individually analyzed loans by loan segment, excluding PCD loans, for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021:
For the Years Ended December 31,
202320222021
Average Recorded InvestmentInterest Income RecognizedAverage Recorded InvestmentInterest Income RecognizedAverage Recorded InvestmentInterest Income Recognized
                                           (In thousands)
Real estate loans:
One-to-four family$4,328 $196 $4,385 $203 $5,738 $285 
Multifamily420 19 598 28 8,420 371 
Commercial real estate16,234 694 16,479 733 16,913 467 
Commercial business loans6,134 331 1,289 88 2,121 139 
Consumer loans:
Home equity loans and advances646 42 785 39 1,119 43 
Totals$27,762 $1,282 $23,536 $1,091 $34,311 $1,305 

Management prepares an analysis each quarter that categorizes the entire loan portfolio by certain risk characteristics such as loan type (residential mortgage, commercial mortgage, construction, commercial business, etc.) and loan risk rating. The categorization of loans into risk categories is based upon relevant information about the borrower's ability to service their debt.

The Company utilizes an eight-point risk rating system to summarize its loan portfolio into categories with similar risk characteristics. Loans deemed to be “acceptable quality” are rated 1 through 4 (Pass), with a rating of 1 established for loans with minimal risk. Loans that are deemed to be of “questionable quality” are rated 5 (Special Mention) or 6 (Substandard). Loans with adverse classifications are rated 7 (Doubtful) or 8 (Loss). The risk ratings are also confirmed through periodic loan review examinations which are currently performed by both an independent third-party and the Company's credit risk review department. The Company requires an annual review be performed above certain dollar thresholds, depending on loan type, to help determine the appropriate risk ratings. Results from examinations are presented to the Audit Committee of the Board of Directors.
(7)     Loans Receivable and Allowance for Credit Losses (continued)

The following table summarizes the Company's loans by year of origination and internally assigned credit risk rating, excluding PCD loans, at December 31, 2023 and 2022:
Loans by Year of Origination at December 31, 2023
20232022202120202019PriorRevolving LoansRevolving Loans to Term LoansTotal
(In thousands)
One-to-Four Family
Pass$156,279 $786,735 $793,074 $272,215 $165,337 $614,351 $— $— $2,787,991 
Special mention— — — — — — — — — 
Substandard— 1,176 769 283 629 1,985 — — 4,842 
Total One-to-Four Family156,279 787,911 793,843 272,498 165,966 616,336 — — 2,792,833 
Gross charge-offs— 208 197 — 29 151 — — 585 
Multifamily
Pass111,612 317,277 359,983 157,294 202,923 255,578 — — 1,404,667 
Special mention— — — — — 4,520 — — 4,520 
Substandard— — — — — — — — — 
Total Multifamily111,612 317,277 359,983 157,294 202,923 260,098 — — 1,409,187 
Gross charge-offs— — — — — — — — — 
Commercial Real Estate
Pass191,030 422,058 371,578 174,705 236,263 930,740 — — 2,326,374 
Special mention— — 465 — 871 24,405 — — 25,741 
Substandard— 5,743 905 1,799 — 16,515 — — 24,962 
Total Commercial Real Estate191,030 427,801 372,948 176,504 237,134 971,660 — — 2,377,077 
Gross charge-offs— — — — 64 86 — — 150 
Construction
Pass99,634 270,397 65,374 4,933 439 2,317 — — 443,094 
Special mention— — — — — — — — — 
Substandard— — — — — — — — — 
Total Construction99,634 270,397 65,374 4,933 439 2,317 — — 443,094 
Gross charge-offs$— $— $— $— $— $— $— $— $— 
(7)     Loans Receivable and Allowance for Credit Losses (continued)


Loans by Year of Origination at December 31, 2023
20232022202120202019PriorRevolving LoansRevolving Loans to Term LoansTotal
(In thousands)
Commercial Business
Pass$67,529 $58,118 $28,989 $27,194 $15,499 $38,954 $272,698 $— $508,981 
Special mention127 303 — 97 14 1,389 4,587 — 6,517 
Substandard— 76 88 1,081 6,150 10,142 — 17,543 
Total Commercial Business67,656 58,497 29,077 27,297 16,594 46,493 287,427 — 533,041 
Gross charge-offs— — 31 34 2,249 304 — — 2,618 
Home Equity Loans and Advances
Pass20,198 20,713 18,139 11,368 9,877 84,261 37,261 64,558 266,375 
Special mention— — — — — — — — — 
Substandard— — — — — 257 — — 257 
Total Home Equity Loans and Advances20,198 20,713 18,139 11,368 9,877 84,518 37,261 64,558 266,632 
Gross charge-offs— — — — — 26 — — 26 
Other Consumer Loans
Pass2,199 151 38 18 68 321 — 2,801 
Special mention— — — — — — — — — 
Substandard— — — — — — — — — 
Total Other Consumer Loans2,199 151 38 18 68 321 — 2,801 
Gross charge-offs— 61.0 52.0 — — 2.0 — — 115.0 
Total Loans648,608 1,882,747 1,639,402 649,900 632,951 1,981,490 325,009 64,558 7,824,665 
Total gross charge-offs$— $269 $280 $34 $2,342 $569 $— $— $3,494 
(7)     Loans Receivable and Allowance for Credit Losses (continued)

Loans by Year of Origination at December 31, 2022
20222021202020192018PriorRevolving LoansRevolving Loans to Term LoansTotal
(In thousands)
One-to-Four Family
Pass$829,363 $836,355 $294,721 $177,114 $125,057 $595,097 $— $— $2,857,707 
Special mention— — — — — — — — — 
Substandard— 641 — 681 320 835 — — 2,477 
Total One-to-Four family829,363 836,996 294,721 177,795 125,377 595,932 — — 2,860,184 
Gross charge-offs— — 50 — 122 210 — — 382 
Multifamily
Pass315,157 309,611 167,955 205,608 38,849 197,489 — — 1,234,669 
Special mention— — — — — 4,538 — — 4,538 
Substandard— — — — — — — — — 
Total Multifamily315,157 309,611 167,955 205,608 38,849 202,027 — — 1,239,207 
Gross charge-offs— — — — — — — — — 
Commercial Real Estate
Pass448,313 392,689 170,125 260,268 231,868 852,104 — — 2,355,367 
Special mention— 478 1,843 892 15,498 20,939 — — 39,650 
Substandard— — 1,286 1,607 — 15,484 — — 18,377 
Total Commercial Real Estate448,313 393,167 173,254 262,767 247,366 888,527 — — 2,413,394 
Gross charge-offs— — — — — — — — — 
Construction
Pass159,751 104,339 28,058 14,216 870 29,319 — — 336,553 
Special mention— — — — — — — — — 
Substandard— — — — — — — — — 
Total Construction159,751 104,339 28,058 14,216 870 29,319 — — 336,553 
Gross charge-offs$— $— $— $— $— $— $— $— $— 
(7)     Loans Receivable and Allowance for Credit Losses (continued)

Loans by Year of Origination at December 31, 2022
20222021202020192018PriorRevolving LoansRevolving Loans to Term LoansTotal
(In thousands)
Commercial Business
Pass$58,631 $32,880 $32,788 $20,705 $24,634 $27,277 $280,857 $— $477,772 
Special mention— 110 63 1,137 1,030 38 10,761 — 13,139 
Substandard— 224 60 — 2,085 315 3,874 — 6,558 
Total Commercial Business58,631 33,214 32,911 21,842 27,749 27,630 295,492 — 497,469 
Gross charge-offs— — — 143 29 18 — — 190 
Home Equity Loans and Advances
Pass22,903 20,476 13,770 12,070 11,126 88,251 105,005 457 274,058 
Special mention— — — — — — — — — 
Substandard— — — — — 188 56 — 244 
Total Home Equity Loans and Advances22,903 20,476 13,770 12,070 11,126 88,439 105,061 457 274,302 
Gross charge-offs— — — — — 33 — — 33 
Other Consumer Loans
Pass2,669 87 100 102 30 96 341 — 3,425 
Special mention— — — — — — — — — 
Substandard— — — — — — — — — 
Total Other Consumer Loans2,669 87 100 102 30 96 341 — 3,425 
Gross charge-offs10 18 — — — — — 33 
Total Loans1,836,787 1,697,890 710,769 694,400 451,367 1,831,970 400,894 457 7,624,534 
Gross charge-offs$10 $18 $50 $143 $151 $266 $— $— $638 
v3.24.0.1
Office Properties and Equipment, net
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2023
Property, Plant and Equipment [Abstract]  
Office Properties and Equipment, net Office Properties and Equipment, net
Office properties and equipment less accumulated depreciation at December 31, 2023 and 2022 are summarized as follows:
December 31,
20232022
(In thousands)
Land$14,623 $16,534 
Buildings37,383 39,097 
Land and building improvements45,272 40,501 
Leasehold improvements26,021 23,555 
Furniture and equipment36,785 34,747 
160,084 154,434 
Less accumulated depreciation and amortization(76,507)(70,557)
Total office properties and equipment, net$83,577 $83,877 
    
Land and building improvements at December 31, 2023 and 2022 included $1.6 million and $4.5 million, respectively, in construction in progress for the renovation of various office facilities. During the year ended December 31, 2023, the Bank classified a building as held-for-sale totaling $1.0 million, which is included in buildings. During the year ended December 31, 2022, the Bank acquired and sold $1.7 million included in buildings classified as held-for-sale.
Depreciation and amortization expense for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021, amounted to $7.8 million, $7.3 million, $6.7 million, respectively.
v3.24.0.1
Leases
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2023
Leases [Abstract]  
Leases Leases
The Company leases real estate property for branches and office space. At December 31, 2023 and 2022, all of the Company's leases are classified as operating leases.

The Company determines if an arrangement is a lease at inception. Topic 842 requires lessees to recognize a right-of-use asset and a lease liability, measured at the present value of the future minimum lease payments, at the lease commencement date. The calculated amount of the right-of-use asset and lease liabilities are impacted by the length of the lease term and the discount rate used to calculate the present value of minimum lease payments.

At December 31, 2023 and 2022, the weighted average remaining lease term for operating leases was 5.9 years and 6.5 years, respectively, and the weighted average discount rate used in the measurement of operating lease liabilities was 2.70% and 2.35%, respectively.

The Company elected to account for the lease and non-lease components separately since such amounts are readily determinable under the Company's lease contracts. Operating lease expense is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term, while variable lease payments are recognized as incurred. Variable lease payments include common area maintenance charges, real estate taxes, repairs and maintenance costs and utilities. Operating and variable lease expenses are recorded in occupancy expense in the Consolidated Statements of Income. During both the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, operating and variable lease expenses totaled approximately $2.7 million.

There were no sale and leaseback transactions, leveraged leases or lease transactions with related parties during the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022. At December 31, 2023, the Company had no leases which had not yet commenced.

The following table summarizes lease payment obligations for each of the next five years and thereafter as follows:

Lease Payment Obligations at December 31,
20232022
(In thousands)
One year or less$4,204 $4,290 
After one year to two years3,536 3,745 
After two years to three years3,154 3,075 
After three years to four years2,271 2,773 
After four years to five years1,807 2,000 
Thereafter2,974 4,345 
Total undiscounted cash flows17,946 20,228 
Discount on cash flows(1,411)(1,613)
Total lease liability$16,535 $18,615 
v3.24.0.1
Goodwill and Intangible Assets
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2023
Goodwill and Intangible Assets Disclosure [Abstract]  
Goodwill and Intangible Assets Goodwill and Intangible Assets
Intangible assets at December 31, 2023 and 2022 are summarized as follows:
December 31,
20232022
(In thousands)
Goodwill$110,715 $110,715 
Core deposit intangibles11,155 13,505 
Mortgage servicing rights1,480 922 
$123,350 $125,142 

Mortgage servicing rights' amortization expense for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022, and 2021 amounted to $239,000, $233,000, and $266,000, respectively. Core deposit intangible amortization expense for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022, and 2021 amounted to $2.4 million, $2.0 million, and $1.0 million, respectively.

Scheduled amortization of core deposit intangibles for each of the next five years and thereafter is as follows:
Year Ended December 31,Core Deposit Intangible Amortization
(In thousands)
2024$2,191 
20252,018 
20261,829 
20271,615 
20281,361 
Thereafter2,141 
Total$11,155 
v3.24.0.1
Deposits
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2023
Deposits [Abstract]  
Deposits Deposits
Deposits at December 31, 2023 and 2022 are summarized as follows:
December 31,
20232022
BalanceWeighted Average RateBalanceWeighted Average Rate
(Dollars in thousands)
Non-interest-bearing demand$1,437,361 — %$1,806,152 — %
Interest-bearing demand1,966,463 2.07 2,592,884 0.75 
Money market accounts1,255,528 3.28 718,524 0.93 
Savings and club deposits700,348 0.48 913,738 0.06 
Certificates of deposit2,486,856 3.91 1,969,861 2.16 
          Total deposits$7,846,556 2.31 %$8,001,159 0.86 %

The aggregate amount of certificates of deposit that meet or exceed $100,000 totaled approximately $1.5 billion and $1.1 billion at December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively.

Scheduled maturities of certificates of deposit accounts at December 31, 2023 and 2022 are summarized as follows:
December 31,
20232022
(In thousands)
One year or less$2,077,863 $1,189,826 
After one year to two years321,271 610,965 
After two years to three years57,836 92,120 
After three years to four years13,427 48,981 
After four years16,459 27,969 
$2,486,856 $1,969,861 

Interest expense on deposits for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022, and 2021 are summarized as follows:
Years Ended December 31,
202320222021
(In thousands)
Demand (including money market accounts)$62,070 $13,900 $10,077 
Savings and club deposits2,231 466 731 
Certificates of deposit60,861 13,512 18,301 
$125,162 $27,878 $29,109 
v3.24.0.1
Borrowings
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2023
Debt Disclosure [Abstract]  
Borrowings Borrowings
Borrowings at December 31, 2023 and 2022 are summarized as follows:
December 31,
2023202220232022
BalanceWeighted Average Interest Rate
(In thousands)
FHLB advances$1,521,733 $1,090,159 4.92 %4.37 %
Notes payable— 29,894 — 3.35 
Junior subordinated debentures6,962 6,994 8.59 7.69 
$1,528,695 $1,127,047 4.94 %4.36 %

At December 31, 2023 and 2022, the Company had no outstanding overnight lines of credit with the FHLB. Interest expense on overnight advances for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022, and 2021, were $923,000, $1.9 million, and $7,000, respectively.

At December 31, 2023, each of the Banks could borrow funds from the FHLB under an overnight advance program up to the Bank's maximum borrowing capacities based on their ability to collateralize such borrowings. Members in good standing can borrow up to 50% of their asset size as long as they have qualifying collateral to support the advance and purchase of FHLB capital. Additionally, at both December 31, 2023 and 2022, Columbia Bank had unused correspondent bank lines of credit with an aggregate overnight borrowing capacity of $339.0 million.

At December 31, 2023, FHLB advances were at fixed rates with maturities between January 2024 and September 2028 and at December 31, 2022, FHLB advances were at fixed rates with maturities between January 2023 and August 2027. At December 31, 2023 and 2022, FHLB advances were collateralized by FHLB capital stock owned by each of the banks, and Columbia Bank loans with carrying values totaling $3.6 billion and $1.6 billion, respectively. At December 31, 2023 and 2022, FHLB advances were collateralized with Freehold loans with carrying values totaling $29.1 million and $35.0 million, respectively. Loans securing advances consists of one-to-four family, multifamily and commercial and home equity real estate loans. At December 31, 2023 and 2022, FHLB advances were also collateralized by Columbia securities with carrying values totaling $16.4 million and $87.7 million, respectively. At December 31, 2023 and 2022, FHLB advances were also collateralized by Freehold securities with carrying values totaling $43.1 million and $27.6 million, respectively. Interest expense on fixed rate FHLB advances for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022, and 2021, were $61.5 million, $11.5 million, and $7.6 million, respectively.

At December 31, 2023 and 2022, short-term FHLB advances totaling $380.0 million and $290.0 million, respectively, were designated as hedged items as part of a cash flow hedging program. See note 21 for information regarding these transactions.

Scheduled maturities of FHLB advances at December 31, 2023 are summarized as follows:
Year Ended December 31, 2023
(In thousands)
One year or less$906,995 
After one year to two years142,438 
After two years to three years187,102 
After three years to four years124,648 
After four years160,550 
Total FHLB advances$1,521,733 
(12)    Borrowings (continued)

During 2021, the Company entered into a $30.0 million unsecured term note with a third party at a fixed interest rate of 3.35% and a maturity date of December 21, 2024. During the fourth quarter of 2023, this note was paid in full. At December 31, 2022 the carrying value of the term note was $29.9 million. Interest expense on the term note, for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022 was $823,000 and $1.1 million, respectively.

During 2021, the Company also established a $30.0 million unsecured revolving credit facility with a third party at a variable rate indexed to the prime rate as published by the Wall Street Journal. During 2023, the Company utilized $1.5 million of the credit line and repaid it in full as of December 31, 2023. During the fourth quarter of 2023, this credit facility was terminated. Interest expense on the revolving credit facility for the year ended December 31, 2023 and 2022 was $95,000 and $122,000, respectively. The Company utilized $6.5 million of the credit line and repaid it in full as of December 31, 2022.
At both December 31, 2023 and 2022, the carrying value of junior subordinated debt balances was $7.0 million. The balance outstanding at December 31, 2023 and 2022 represents debentures issued in 2003 by Stewardship Statutory Trust (the "Trust"), a statutory business trust that was acquired in the Stewardship merger. These floating rate debentures mature on September 17, 2033 and adjust quarterly at a rate of three month Secured Overnight Financing Rate ("SOFR") plus 2.95%. At December 31, 2023 and 2022 the rate of interest was 8.59% and 7.69%, respectively. Interest expense for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022, and 2021 were $624,000, $370,000, $245,000, respectively.
v3.24.0.1
Stockholders' Equity
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2023
Equity [Abstract]  
Stockholders' Equity Stockholders' Equity
Regulatory Capital

The Company and its subsidiary banks (Columbia Bank and Freehold Bank) are subject to various regulatory capital requirements administered by the federal banking regulators, including a risk-based capital measure. The Federal Reserve establishes capital requirements, including well capitalized standards, for the consolidated financial holding company, and the Office of the Comptroller of the Currency (the "OCC") has similar requirements for the Company's subsidiary banks. Failure to meet minimum capital requirements can initiate certain mandatory and possibly additional discretionary actions by regulators that, if undertaken, could have a direct material effect on the Company's Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition.

Federal regulators require federally insured depository institutions to meet several minimum capital standards: (1) total capital to risk-weighted assets of 8.0%; (2) tier 1 capital to risk-weighted assets of 6.0%; (3) common equity tier 1 capital to risk-weighted assets of 4.5%; and (4) tier 1 capital to adjusted total assets of 4.0%. In addition to establishing the minimum regulatory capital requirements, the regulations limit capital distributions and certain discretionary bonus payments to management if the institution does not hold a "capital conservation buffer" consisting of 2.5% of common equity tier 1 capital to risk-weighted assets above the amount necessary to meet its minimum risk-based capital requirements. The regulators established a framework for the classification of savings institutions into five categories: well capitalized, adequately capitalized, undercapitalized, significantly undercapitalized, and critically undercapitalized. Generally, an institution is considered well capitalized if it has: a total capital to risk-weighted assets ratio of at least 10.0%, a tier 1 capital to risk-weighted assets ratio of at least 8.0%, a common tier 1 capital to risk-weighted assets ratio of at least 6.5%, and a tier 1 capital to adjusted total assets ratio of at least 5.0%. As of December 31, 2023 and 2022, each of the Company and the Columbia Bank and Freehold Bank exceeded all capital adequacy requirements to which it is subject.
    
Based upon most recent notification from federal banking regulators, the banks were categorized as well capitalized under the regulatory framework for prompt corrective action. There are no conditions existing or events which have occurred since notification that management believes have changed the Bank's category.

The following tables presents the Company's, Columbia Bank's and Freehold Bank's actual capital amounts and ratios at December 31, 2023 and 2022 compared to the Federal Reserve Bank minimum capital adequacy requirements and the Federal Reserve Bank requirements for classification as a well-capitalized institution:
(13)    Stockholders' Equity (continued)

Regulatory Capital (continued)
ActualMinimum Capital Adequacy RequirementsMinimum Capital Adequacy Requirements With Capital Conservation BufferTo Be Well Capitalized Under Prompt Corrective Action Provisions
AmountRatioAmountRatioAmountRatioAmountRatio
Company(In thousands, except ratio data)
At December 31, 2023:
Total capital (to risk-weighted assets)$1,120,849 14.08 %$636,767 8.00 %$835,757 10.50 %N/AN/A
Tier 1 capital (to risk-weighted assets)1,060,490 13.32 477,575 6.00 676,565 8.50 N/AN/A
Common equity tier 1 capital (to risk-weighted assets)1,053,273 13.23 358,182 4.50 557,171 7.00 N/AN/A
Tier 1 capital (to adjusted total assets)1,060,490 10.04 422,441 4.00 422,441 4.00 N/AN/A
At December 31, 2022:
Total capital (to risk-weighted assets)$1,145,331 15.39 %$595,313 8.00 %$781,348 10.50 %N/AN/A
Tier 1 capital (to risk-weighted assets)1,085,665 14.59 446,484 6.00 632,520 8.50 N/AN/A
Common equity tier 1 capital (to risk-weighted assets)1,078,448 14.49 334,863 4.50 520,899 7.00 N/AN/A
Tier 1 capital (to adjusted total assets)1,085,665 10.68 406,643 4.00 406,643 4.00 N/AN/A
 Columbia Bank
At December 31, 2023:
Total capital (to risk-weighted assets)$1,033,138 14.02 %$589,622 8.00 %$773,879 10.50 %$737,028 10.00 %
Tier 1 capital (to risk-weighted assets)974,127 13.22 442,217 6.00 626,474 8.50 589,622 8.00 
Common equity tier 1 capital (to risk-weighted assets)974,127 13.22 331,663 4.50 515,920 7.00 479,068 6.50 
Tier 1 capital (to adjusted total assets)974,127 9.48 411,126 4.00 411,126 4.00 513,908 5.00 
At December 31, 2022:
Total capital (to risk-weighted assets)$1,019,850 14.12 %$577,656 8.00 %$758,173 10.50 %$722,070 10.00 %
Tier 1 capital (to risk-weighted assets)961,613 13.32 433,242 6.00 613,759 8.50 577,656 8.00 
Common equity tier 1 capital (to risk-weighted assets)961,613 13.32 324,931 4.50 505,449 7.00 469,345 6.50 
Tier 1 capital (to adjusted total assets)961,613 9.74 394,968 4.00 394,968 4.00 493,711 5.00 
(13)    Stockholders' Equity (continued)

Regulatory Capital (continued)
ActualMinimum Capital Adequacy RequirementsMinimum Capital Adequacy Requirements With Capital Conservation BufferTo Be Well Capitalized Under Prompt Corrective Action Provisions
AmountRatioAmountRatioAmountRatioAmountRatio
Freehold Bank(In thousands, except ratio data)
At December 31, 2023:
Total capital (to risk-weighted assets)$45,417 22.50 %$16,152 8.00 %$21,199 10.50 %$20,189 10.00 %
Tier 1 capital (to risk-weighted assets)44,045 21.82 12,114 6.00 17,161 8.50 16,152 8.00 
Common equity tier 1 capital (to risk-weighted assets)44,045 21.82 9,085 4.50 14,133 7.00 13,123 6.50 
Tier 1 capital (to adjusted total assets)44,045 15.27 11,539 4.00 11,539 4.00 14,424 5.00 
At December 31, 2022:
Total capital (to risk-weighted assets)$44,725 22.92 %$15,609 8.00 %$20,486 10.50 %$19,511 10.00 %
Tier 1 capital (to risk-weighted assets)43,298 22.19 11,706 6.00 16,584 8.50 15,609 8.00 
Common equity tier 1 capital (to risk-weighted assets)43,298 22.19 8,780 4.50 13,657 7.00 12,682 6.50 
Tier 1 capital (to adjusted total assets)43,298 15.19 11,399 4.00 11,399 4.00 14,249 5.00 

Stock Repurchase Program

    On December 6, 2021, the Company announced that its Board of Directors authorized the Company's fourth stock repurchase program to acquire up to 5,000,000 shares, or approximately 4.6% of the Company's then issued and outstanding common stock, commencing upon the completion of the Company's third stock repurchase program. On January 30, 2023, the Company completed the repurchases under the third stock repurchase program.

On December 14, 2022 the Company announced that its Board of Directors authorized the Company's fifth stock repurchase program to acquire up to 3,000,000 shares, or approximately 2.7% of the Company's then issued and outstanding common stock, commencing upon the completion of the Company’s fourth stock repurchase program. On April 25, 2023, the Company completed the repurchases under the fourth stock repurchase program.

On May 25, 2023, the Company announced that its Board of Directors authorized the Company's sixth stock repurchase program to acquire up to 2,000,000 shares, or approximately 1.9% of the Company's then issued and outstanding common stock. As of December 31, 2023, there were 1,106,841 shares authorized and remaining to be purchased under this program.
During the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022, and 2021 the Company repurchased 4,242,693 shares at a cost of approximately $80.5 million, or $18.97 per share, and 4,464,405 shares at a cost of approximately $94.0 million, or $21.05 per share, and 6,055,119 shares at a cost of approximately $107.8 million, or $17.80 respectively, under these programs. Repurchased shares are held as treasury stock and are available for general corporate purposes.
v3.24.0.1
Employee Benefit Plans
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2023
Retirement Benefits [Abstract]  
Employee Benefit Plans Employee Benefit Plans
Pension Plan, Retirement Income Maintenance Plan (the "RIM Plan"), Post-retirement Plan, Split-Dollar Life Insurance Plans

The Company maintains a single employer, tax-qualified defined benefit pension plan (the "Pension Plan") which covers full-time employees that satisfy the Pension Plan's eligibility requirements. The benefits are based on years of service and the employee's average compensation for the highest five consecutive years of employment. Effective October 1, 2018, newly hired employees are not eligible to participate in Columbia Bank's Pension Plan as the plan has been closed to new employees as of that date.

The Company's policy is to fund at least the minimum contribution required by the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974. GAAP requires an employer to: (a) recognize in its statement of financial position the over-funded or under-funded status of a defined benefit post-retirement plan measured as the difference between the fair value of plan assets and the benefit obligation; (b) measure a plan’s assets and its obligations that determine its funded status at the end of the employer’s fiscal year (with limited exceptions); and (c) recognize as a component of other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax, the actuarial gains and losses and the prior service costs and credits that arise during the period. The assets of the plan are primarily invested in fixed income and equity funds.
    
The Company also maintains a Retirement Income Maintenance Plan (the "RIM" Plan), which is a non-qualified defined benefit plan which provides benefits to all employees of the Company if their benefits under the Pension Plan are limited by Internal Revenue Code 415 and 401(a)(17).    

In addition, the Company provides certain health care and life insurance benefits to eligible retired employees under a Post-retirement Plan. The Company accrues the cost of retiree health care and other benefits during the employees’ period of active service. Effective January 1, 2019, the Post-retirement Plan has been closed to new hires.

The Company also provides life insurance benefits to eligible employees under an endorsement split-dollar life insurance program. The Company recognizes a liability for future benefits applicable to endorsement split-dollar life insurance arrangements that provide death benefits post-retirement. Through its mergers, the Company recognized additional liability for future benefits applicable to endorsement split-dollar life insurance arrangements that provide death benefits post-retirement under those respective Bank's program.
(14)    Employee Benefit Plans (continued)

Pension Plan, Retirement Income Maintenance Plan (the "RIM Plan") Post-retirement Plan, Split-Dollar Life Insurance Plans (cont'd)

The following table sets forth information regarding the Pension Plan, RIM, Post-retirement Plan and Split-Dollar Life Insurance Plans at December 31, 2023 and 2022:

At December 31,
20232022202320222023202220232022
Pension PlanRIM PlanPost-retirement PlanSplit-Dollar Life Insurance
(In thousands)
Change in benefit obligation:
Benefit obligation at beginning of year$222,132 $310,416 $12,610 $15,650 $19,783 $26,335 $15,977 $20,140 
Acquired — — — — — — — 1,503 
Service cost4,679 6,466 277 372 215 346 277 511 
Interest cost11,637 9,510 632 389 970 600 818 612 
Actuarial loss (gain) 22,535 (88,943)377 (3,505)947 (6,849)81 (6,534)
Benefits paid(10,866)(15,317)(346)(296)(767)(649)(196)(255)
Impact of plan merger 1
5,751 — — — — — — — 
Benefit obligation at end of year255,868 222,132 13,550 12,610 21,148 19,783 16,957 15,977 
Change in plan assets:
Fair value of plan assets at beginning of year403,752 492,132 — — — — — — 
Actuarial return (loss) on plan assets53,391 (83,063)— — — — — — 
Employer contributions— 10,000 346 296 767 649 196 255 
Benefits paid(10,866)(15,317)(346)(296)(767)(649)(196)(255)
Impact of plan merger 1
7,282 — — — — — — — 
Fair value of plan assets at end of year453,559 403,752 — — — — — — 
Funded status at end of year$197,691 $181,620 $(13,550)$(12,610)$(21,148)$(19,783)$(16,957)$(15,977)
1 During 2023, the RSI Pension Plan assumed as part of the 2022 RSI acquisition, was merged into the Columbia Bank Pension Plan.

At December 31, 2023 and 2022, the unfunded liability for the RIM Plan and Post-retirement Plan of $13.6 million and $21.1 million, and $12.6 million and $19.8 million, respectively, were included in other liabilities in the Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition, and the over-funded pension benefits associated with the Pension Plan totaling $197.7 million and $181.6 million respectively, were included in other assets in the Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition.

The actuarial losses related to the change in benefit obligations for the year ended December 31, 2023 resulted from a decrease in the discount rates and the update of census data, while the significant increase in actuarial gains related to the change in benefit obligations for the year ended December 31, 2022 resulted from a substantial increase in the discount rates.
(14)    Employee Benefit Plans (continued)

Pension Plan, Retirement Income Maintenance Plan (the "RIM Plan") Post-retirement Plan, Split-Dollar Life Insurance Plans (cont'd)

The components of accumulated other comprehensive income related to the Pension Plan, RIM Plan, and Post-retirement Plan and Split-Dollar Life Insurance Plan on a pre-tax basis, at December 31, 2023, 2022, and 2021, are summarized in the following table:
At December 31,
20232022
Pension PlanRIM PlanPost-retirement PlanSplit-Dollar Life InsurancePension PlanRIM PlanPost-retirement PlanSplit-Dollar Life Insurance
(In thousands)
Unrecognized prior service costs$— $— $— $238 $— $— $— $294 
Unrecognized net actuarial loss (income)59,463 2,102 787 16 60,970 1,781 (161)(65)
Total accumulated other comprehensive loss (income)$59,463 $2,102 $787 $254 $60,970 $1,781 $(161)$229 

At December 31, 2021
Pension PlanRIM PlanPost-retirement PlanSplit-Dollar Life Insurance
(In thousands)
Unrecognized prior service costs$— $— $— $350 
Unrecognized net actuarial loss38,909 5,730 6,999 7,071 
Total accumulated other comprehensive loss$38,909 $5,730 $6,999 $7,421 

Net periodic (income) benefit cost for the Pension Plan, RIM Plan, Post-retirement Plan and Split-Dollar Life Insurance plan benefits for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, and 2021, includes the following components:

For the Year Ended December 31, 2023
Pension PlanRIM PlanPost-retirement PlanSplit-Dollar Life Insurance Affected Line Item in the Consolidated Statements of Income
(In thousands)
Service cost$4,679 $277 $215 $277 Compensation and employee benefits
Interest cost11,637 632 970 818 Other non-interest expense
Expected return on plan assets(30,771)— — — Other non-interest expense
Amortization:
Prior service cost— — — 56 Other non-interest expense
Net loss796 57 — — Other non-interest expense
Net periodic (income) benefit cost $(13,659)$966 $1,185 $1,151 
(14)    Employee Benefit Plans (continued)

Pension Plan, Retirement Income Maintenance Plan (the "RIM Plan") Post-retirement Plan, Split-Dollar Life Insurance Plans (cont'd)
For the Year Ended December 31, 2022
Pension PlanRIM PlanPost-retirement PlanSplit-Dollar Life Insurance Affected Line Item in the Consolidated Statements of Income
(In thousands)
Service cost$6,466 $372 $346 $511 Compensation and employee benefits
Interest cost9,510 389 600 612 Other non-interest expense
Expected return on plan assets(29,262)— — — Other non-interest expense
Amortization:
Prior service cost— — — 56 Other non-interest expense
Net loss1,320 444 311 602 Other non-interest expense
Net periodic (income) benefit cost $(11,966)$1,205 $1,257 $1,781 

For the Year Ended December 31, 2021
Pension PlanRIM PlanPost-retirement PlanSplit-Dollar Life Insurance Affected Line Item in the Consolidated Statements of Income
(In thousands)
Service cost$8,044 $398 $520 $562 Compensation and employee benefits
Interest cost7,317 343 562 500 Other non-interest expense
Expected return on plan assets(26,833)— — — Other non-interest expense
Amortization:
Prior service cost— — — 56 Other non-interest expense
Net loss2,001 664 613 765 Other non-interest expense
Net periodic (income) benefit cost $(9,471)$1,405 $1,695 $1,883 


There are no contributions expected to made to the Pension Plan during the year ended December 31, 2024.
(14)    Employee Benefit Plans (continued)

Pension Plan, Retirement Income Maintenance Plan (the "RIM Plan") Post-retirement Plan, Split-Dollar Life Insurance Plans (cont'd)

The weighted average actuarial assumptions used in the plan determinations at and for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022, and 2021 were as follows:
At and For the Year Ended December 31, 2023
Pension PlanRIM PlanPost-retirement PlanSplit-Dollar Life Insurance
Weighted average assumptions used to determine benefit obligation:
Discount rate5.07 %5.01 %4.96 %5.11 %
Rate of compensation increase 4.50 4.50 N/A4.50 
Weighted average assumptions used to determine net periodic benefit cost:
Discount Rates:
Benefit obligation5.26 %5.21 %5.18 %5.31 %
Remeasurement rate5.19 N/AN/AN/A
Service cost5.36 5.28 5.30 5.41 
Remeasurement rate5.26 N/AN/AN/A
Interest cost5.14 5.10 5.07 5.19 
Remeasurement rate5.16 N/AN/AN/A
Expected rate of return on plan assets7.50 N/AN/AN/A
Remeasurement rate7.50 N/AN/AN/A
Rate of compensation increase 4.50 3.75 N/A3.75 
At and For the Year Ended December 31, 2022
Pension PlanRIM PlanPost-retirement PlanSplit-Dollar Life Insurance
Weighted average assumptions used to determine benefit obligation:
Discount rate5.26 %5.21 %5.18 %5.31 %
Rate of compensation increase 3.75 3.75 N/A3.75 
Weighted average assumptions used to determine net periodic benefit cost:
Discount Rates:
Benefit obligation3.14 %2.97 %2.90 %3.30 %
Remeasurement rate4.86 N/AN/AN/A
Service cost3.32 3.16 3.19 3.49 
Remeasurement rate4.95 N/AN/AN/A
Interest cost2.66 2.52 2.34 2.95 
Remeasurement rate4.58 N/AN/AN/A
Expected rate of return on plan assets6.20 N/AN/AN/A
Remeasurement rate7.00 N/AN/AN/A
Rate of compensation increase 3.75 3.75 N/A3.75 
(14)    Employee Benefit Plans (continued)

Pension Plan, Retirement Income Maintenance Plan (the "RIM Plan") Post-retirement Plan, Split-Dollar Life Insurance Plans (cont'd)

At and For the Year Ended December 31, 2021
Pension PlanRIM PlanPost-retirement PlanSplit-Dollar Life Insurance
Weighted average assumptions used to determine benefit obligation:
Discount rate3.14 %2.97 %2.90 %3.22 %
Rate of compensation increase 3.75 3.75 N/A3.75 
Weighted average assumptions used to determine net periodic benefit cost:
Discount Rates:
Benefit obligation2.92 %2.67 %2.59 %3.01 %
Remeasurement rate3.20 N/AN/AN/A
Service cost3.21 2.93 2.96 3.26 
Remeasurement rate3.46 N/AN/AN/A
Interest cost2.28 2.10 1.88 2.53 
Remeasurement rate2.55 N/AN/AN/A
Expected rate of return on plan assets6.20 N/AN/AN/A
Rate of compensation increase 3.75 3.75 N/A3.75 

For measurement purposes in the Post-retirement Plan, the fiscal year 2023 weighted average health care cost trend rate assumption was 7.60% for pre-65 year olds and 7.85% for post-65 year olds in 2023, decreasing ratably to 4.50% through 2033.

The Company provides its actuaries with certain rate assumptions used in measuring the respective benefit obligations. The most significant of these is the discount rate used to calculate the period-end present value of the benefit obligations, and the expense to be included in the following year's consolidated financial statements. A lower discount rate will result in a higher benefit obligation and expense, while a higher discount rate will result in a lower benefit obligation and expense. The discount rate assumption was determined based on a cash flow-yield curve model specific to the Company's pension and post-retirement plans.

The Company compares this rate to certain market indices, such as long-term treasury bonds, or pension liability indices, for reasonableness. The Company's expected return on plan assets assumption is based on historical investment return rate experience, evaluation of input from the trustee managing the pension plan's assets and Columbia Bank's Pension Committee which has responsibility for managing these assets. The expected return on pension plan assets is also impacted by the target allocation of assets, which is based on the Company's goal of earning the highest rate of return while maintaining risk at acceptable levels.
(14)    Employee Benefit Plans (continued)

Pension Plan, Retirement Income Maintenance Plan (the "RIM Plan") Post-retirement Plan, Split-Dollar Life Insurance Plans (cont'd)

Estimated future benefit payments, which reflect expected future service, as appropriate for the next five years and thereafter are as follows:
For the Year Ended December 31,Pension PlanRIM PlanPost-retirement PlanSplit-Dollar Life Insurance
(In thousands)
2024$11,392 $595 $1,489 $475 
202512,463 878 1,628 535 
202613,481 924 1,760 597 
202714,473 952 1,828 656 
202815,390 974 1,833 719 
2029 - 203385,990 5,018 8,240 4,544 

The weighted average asset allocation of pension assets at December 31, 2023 and 2022 were as follows:
December 31,
20232022
Domestic equities31.2 %38.4 %
Foreign equities10.9 11.1 
Fixed income55.5 49.0 
Cash2.4 1.5 
Total100.0 %100.0 %

Management, under the direction of Columbia Bank's Pension Committee, strives to have pension assets sufficiently diversified so that adverse or unexpected results from one security class will not have a significant detrimental impact on the entire portfolio. The 2023 target allocation of assets and acceptable ranges around the targets are as follows:
Allowable Range
Equities
30-60%
Fixed income
40-70%
Real estate
0-10%
Cash
0-10%

Columbia Bank's Pension Committee engages an investment management advisory firm to regularly monitor the performance of the asset managers and ensure they are within compliance with policy. The maximum and minimum of the range for each class is based on the fair value of the assets in the fund. If changes in fair value should lead to allocations outside these boundaries, management shall adjust exposure back to the established guidelines within 90 days or reevaluate the guidelines.
(14)    Employee Benefit Plans (continued)

Pension Plan, Retirement Income Maintenance Plan (the "RIM Plan") Post-retirement Plan, Split-Dollar Life Insurance Plans (cont'd)

The following tables present the assets that are measured at fair value on a recurring basis by level within the U.S. GAAP fair value hierarchy as reported on the Statements of Net Assets Available for Plan Benefits at December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. A financial instrument's level within the fair value hierarchy's is based on the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement.

December 31, 2023
Fair Value Measurements
Fair ValueQuoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1)Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)
(In thousands)
Money market mutual funds$10,711 $10,711 $— $— 
Mutual funds - value stock fund18,132 18,132 — — 
Mutual funds - fixed income251,889 251,889 — — 
Mutual funds - international stock49,260 49,260 — — 
Mutual funds - institutional stock index123,567 123,567 — — 
$453,559 $453,559 $— $— 

December 31, 2022
Fair Value Measurements
Fair valueQuoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1)Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)
(In thousands)
Money market mutual funds$6,247 $6,247 $— $— 
Mutual funds - value stock fund32,764 32,764 — — 
Mutual funds - fixed income197,680 197,680 — — 
Mutual funds - international stock44,833 44,833 — — 
Mutual funds - institutional stock index122,228 122,228 — — 
$403,752 $403,752 $— $— 

Money market and other mutual funds are reported at fair value in the tables above utilizing exchange quoted prices in active markets for identical instruments (Level 1 inputs).
(14)    Employee Benefit Plans (continued)

Pension Plan and Post-retirement Plan Acquired-RSI

Through the acquisition of the RSI Entities on May 1, 2022, the Company acquired a funded pension plan and a non-funded post-retirement plan. The benefits are based on years of service and the employee’s compensation, as defined. The Plan was amended effective March 31, 2011, to freeze the Plan so that no employee shall commence or recommence participation in the Plan, that there shall be no further benefit accruals under the Plan, and that compensation received after the effective date shall not be recognized for any purpose under the Plan. Effective September 30, 2023, the RSI Bank Retirement Plan was merged, and all assets were transferred into the Columbia Bank Pension Plan. The defined benefit post-retirement healthcare plan covers substantially all retirees and employees.

The following table sets forth information regarding the Pension Plan and Post-retirement Plan at December 31, 2023 and 2022:

At December 31,
2023202320222022
Pension PlanPost-retirement PlanPension PlanPost-retirement Plan
(In thousands)(In thousands)
Change in benefit obligation:
Benefit obligation at beginning of year$6,057 $2,047 $— $— 
Acquired — — 7,202 3,163 
Service cost— 67 — 93 
Interest cost305 107 198 93 
Actuarial (gain) loss(416)313 (1,009)(1,298)
Benefits paid(195)(31)(129)(4)
Settlements— — (205)— 
Impact of plan merger 1
(5,751)— — — 
Benefit obligation at end of year— 2,503 6,057 2,047 
Change in plan assets:
Fair value of plan assets at beginning of year7,061 — — — 
Acquired— — 7,819 — 
Actuarial return on plan assets416 — (424)— 
Employer contributions— 31 — 
Benefits paid(195)(31)(129)(4)
Settlements— — (205)— 
Impact of plan merger 1
(7,282)— — — 
Fair value of plan assets at end of year— — 7,061 — 
Funded status at end of year$— $(2,503)$1,004 $(2,047)
1 During 2023, the RSI Pension Plan assumed as part of the 2022 RSI acquisition, was merged into the Columbia Bank Pension Plan.

At December 31, 2023 and 2022, the unfunded liability for the Post-retirement Plan of $2.5 million and $2.0 million, respectively, was included in other liabilities in the Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition, and the over-funded pension benefits associated with the Pension Plan at December 31, 2022, totaling $1.0 million, was included in other assets in the Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition.
(14)    Employee Benefit Plans (continued)

Pension Plan and Post-retirement Plan Acquired-RSI (continued)

The components of accumulated other comprehensive income related to the Pension Plan and Post-retirement Plan on a pre-tax basis, at December 31, 2023 and 2022 are summarized in the following table:

At December 31,
2023202320222022
Pension PlanPost-retirement PlanPension PlanPost-retirement Plan
(In thousands)(In thousands)
Unrecognized prior service costs$— $— $— $— 
Unrecognized net actuarial (income)— (493)(281)(868)
Total accumulated other comprehensive (income)$— $(493)$(281)$(868)

Net periodic (income) benefit cost for the Pension Plan and Post-retirement Plan for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022 includes the following components:

For the Year Ended
December 31, 2023
Pension PlanPost-retirement PlanAffected Line Item in the Consolidated Statements of Income
(In thousands)
Service cost$— $67 Compensation and employee benefits
Interest cost305 107 Other non-interest expense
Expected return on plan assets(487)— Other non-interest expense
Amortization:
Net loss— (61)Other non-interest expense
Net periodic (income) benefit cost$(182)$113 

For the Year Ended
December 31, 2022
Pension PlanPost-retirement PlanAffected Line Item in the Consolidated Statements of Income
(In thousands)
Service cost$— $93 Compensation and employee benefits
Interest cost198 93 Other non-interest expense
Expected return on plan assets(295)— Other non-interest expense
Settlements/curtailments(10)(430)Other non-interest expense
Net periodic (income) benefit cost$(107)$(244)
(14)    Employee Benefit Plans (continued)

Pension Plan and Post-retirement Plan Acquired-RSI (continued)

The weighted average actuarial assumptions used in the assumed determinations at and for the year ended December 31, 2023 and 2022 were as follows:
At or For the Years Ended December 31,
2023202320222022
Pension Plan
Post-retirement Plan
Pension Plan
Post-retirement Plan
Weighted average assumptions used to determine benefit obligation:
Discount rateN/A5.16 %5.24 %5.36 %
Rate of compensation increase N/AN/AN/AN/A
Weighted average assumptions used to determine net periodic benefit cost:
Discount Rates:
Benefit obligation5.24 %5.16 %4.21 %4.58 %
Expected rate of return on plan assets7.00 %N/A5.75 %N/A

Estimated future benefit payments, which reflect expected future service, as appropriate for the next five years and thereafter are as follows:
For the Year Ended December 31,Post-retirement Plan
2024$45 
202552 
202666 
202781 
202892 
2029 - 2033576 
    
The weighted average asset allocation of pension assets at December 31, 2022 were as follows:
December 31,
2022
Equities66.8 %
Fixed income32.2 
Cash1.0 
Total100.0 %
(14)    Employee Benefit Plans (continued)

Pension Plan and Post-retirement Plan Acquired-RSI (continued)

The following tables present the assets that are measured at fair value on a recurring basis by level within the U.S. GAAP fair value hierarchy as reported on the Statements of Net Assets Available for Plan Benefits at December 31, 2022. A financial instrument's level within the fair value hierarchy's is based on the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement.

December 31, 2022
Fair Value Measurements
Fair ValueQuoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1)Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)
(In thousands)
Money market mutual fund$70 $70 $— $— 
Equities - long term growth4,720 — 4,720 — 
Fixed income - long duration 2,271 — 2,271 — 
$7,061 $70 $6,991 $— 

Money market funds are reported at fair value in the table above utilizing exchange quoted prices in active markets for identical instruments (Level 1 inputs). The other investments are reported at their respective net asset values (Level 2 inputs).

Bank-owned life insurance ("BOLI")

The Company has BOLI which is a tax-advantaged transaction that is used to partially fund obligations associated with employee compensation and benefit programs. Policies are purchased insuring officers of the Company using a single premium method of payment. BOLI is accounted for using the cash surrender value and the increase in cash surrender value is included in non-interest income in the Consolidated Statements of Income. At December 31, 2023 and 2022, the Company had $268.4 million and $264.9 million, respectively, in BOLI. BOLI income for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022, and 2021 was $10.1 million, $7.4 million, and $6.0 million, respectively.

Savings Income Maintenance Deferred Compensation Plan (the "SIM Plan")

Columbia Bank also maintains a non-qualified defined contribution plan that provides supplemental benefits to certain executives who are prevented from receiving the full benefits contemplated by the 401(k) Plan under tax law limits for tax-qualified plans. The contribution expense for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022, and 2021 was approximately $40,000, $73,000, and $12,000, respectively.    

401(k) Plans

Columbia Bank and Freehold Bank each have a 401(k) plan covering substantially all employees of each Bank. Columbia Bank may match a percentage of the first 3.00% to 4.50% contributed by participants. Columbia’s matching contribution, if any, is determined by the Board of Directors in its sole discretion. Freehold does not presently match a certain percentage on contributions made by participants, but provides an annual match, as determined by their Board Directors, of $245,000, $204,000, and $213,000 for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022, 2021, respectively. The Company expense for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022, and 2021 was approximately $2.8 million, $2.4 million, and $2.1 million, respectively.
(14)    Employee Benefit Plans (continued)

Employee Stock Ownership Plan ("ESOP")

Effective upon the consummation of the Company's reorganization in April 2018, an ESOP was established for all eligible employees. The ESOP used $45.4 million in proceeds from a 20 years term loan obtained from the Company to purchase 4,542,855 shares of Company common stock. The term loan principal is payable in installments through April 2038. Interest on the term loan is fixed at a rate of 4.75%.

Each year, Columbia Bank makes discretionary contributions to the ESOP, which are equal to principal and interest payments required on the term loan. Shares purchased with the loan proceeds were initially pledged as collateral for the term loan and is held in a suspense account for future allocation among participants. Contributions to the ESOP and shares released form the suspense account are allocated among the participants on the basis of compensation, as described by the ESOP in the year of allocation.

The ESOP shares pledged as collateral are reported as unearned ESOP shares in the Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition. As shares are committed to be released from collateral, the Company reports compensation expense equal to the average market price of the shares during the year, and the shares become outstanding for basic net income per common share computations. ESOP compensation expense for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022, and 2021 was $4.1 million, $4.9 million and $4.1 million, respectively.

The ESOP shares were as follows:
At December 31,
20232022
(In thousands)
Allocated shares1,190 1,005 
Unearned shares3,248 3,475 
Total ESOP shares4,438 4,480 
Fair value of unearned ESOP shares$62,618 $75,129 

SERP Plans

Columbia Bank has a SERP, which is a non-qualified plan which provides supplemental retirement benefits to eligible officers (those designated by the Board of Directors) of the Company who are prevented from receiving the full benefits contemplated by the ESOP's benefit formulas under tax law limits for tax-qualified plans. SERP compensation (benefit) expense for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022, and 2021 was $(32,000), $455,000, and $348,000, respectively.

Through the acquisition of Roselle, the Company acquired a non-contributory defined benefit supplemental executive retirement plan with the only participant being the former president of Roselle Bank. For the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022, and 2021 the Company recorded a net periodic benefit cost of $20,000, $12,000, and $9,000, respectively, in connection with this plan.

Freehold Bank has a non-contributory defined benefit supplemental executive plan with the only participant being the former president of Freehold Bank. For the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022, and 2021 the Company recorded a net periodic benefit cost of $2,000, $8,000, and $1,000 respectively, in connection with this plan.

Through the acquisition of RSI Bank, the Company acquired a non-contributory defined benefit supplemental executive retirement plan with the only participant being the former president of RSI Bank. The plan was settled in 2022. For the year ended December 31, 2022, the Company recorded a net periodic benefit cost of $38,000.
(14)    Employee Benefit Plans (continued)

Director Retirement Income Plan

Freehold Bank maintains a Director Retirement Income Plan, which provides directors a benefit equal to $12,000 per annum, payable in equal installments over 120 months when the director reaches Emeritus Age as defined by the plan. At December 31, 2023 and 2022, the Company had an accrued liability of $387,000 and $390,000, respectively, related to this plan. For the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022, and 2021 the net periodic benefit (income) cost recorded in connection with this plan was $(24,000), $9,000 and $1,000, respectively.

Director Deferred Retirement Plan

Freehold Bank maintains a Director Deferred Retirement Plan, which provides directors a portion of their deferred director fees and a 10% return on all deferrals, payable in monthly installments over 120 months, when the director reaches benefit eligibility age as defined by the plan. At December 31, 2023 and 2022, the Company had an accrued liability of $66,000 and $399,000, respectively, related to this plan. For the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022, and 2021, there was no expense recorded under this plan.

Executive Incentive Retirement Plan

Through the acquisition of RSI, the Company acquired an executive incentive retirement plan. At December 31, 2023 and 2022, the Company had an accrued liability of $262,000 and $257,000 respectively, related to this plan. For the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, the expense recorded in connection with this plan was $11,000 and $7,000, respectively.

Board of Directors and Executive Deferred Compensation Plan and Key Life Insurance Plan

Through the acquisition of RSI, the Company acquired a deferred compensation plan for the former Board of Directors and executives. Under the terms of the plan, for directors who elected not to receive directors' fees for a period of five years, their fees were used to purchase key insurance on the life of each director in the amount calculated to meet the Company's obligations under the plan. Benefits payable under the plan, which accrue in accordance with a ten year schedule, consist of monthly payments commencing at age 65 or five years from the date the plan was implemented for those participants who already reached age 65. At December 31, 2023 and 2022, the Company had an accrued liability of $290,000 and $351,000, respectively, related to this plan. For the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, the expense recorded in connection with this plan was $11,000 and $8,000.

Stock Based Deferral Plan and Directors Deferred Compensation Plan
    
In addition, Columbia Bank maintains a stock based deferral plan for certain executives and directors, and a cash based deferred compensation plan for directors. The Company records a deferred compensation equity account and corresponding contra-equity account for the cost of the shares held by the Stock Based Deferral Plan. Periodic adjustments to market are not required as participants do not have the option to take the distribution in cash. The Company records a liability for the amount deferred under the Directors Deferred Compensation Plan. There were no expenses recorded under these plans.
(14)    Employee Benefit Plans (continued)

Stock Based Compensation

    At the Company's annual meeting of stockholders held on June 6, 2019, stockholders approved the Columbia Financial, Inc. 2019 Equity Incentive Plan ("2019 Plan") which provides for the issuance of up to 7,949,996 shares (2,271,427 restricted stock awards and 5,678,569 stock options) of common stock.
    
On March 2, 2022, 51,746 shares of restricted stock were awarded, with a grant date fair value of $21.79 per share. To fund the grant of restricted common stock, the Company issued shares from authorized unissued shares.
    
On October 31, 2022, 38,730 shares of restricted stock were awarded, with a grant date fair value of $20.54 per share. To fund the grant of restricted common stock, the Company issued shares from authorized unissued shares.

On November 21, 2022, 13,722 shares of restricted stock were awarded, with a grant date fair value of $21.86 per share. To fund the grant of restricted common stock, the Company issued shares from authorized unissued shares.

On December 19, 2022, 18,984 shares of restricted stock were awarded, with a grant date fair value of $21.07 per share. To fund the grant of restricted common stock, the Company issued shares from authorized unissued shares.

On May 1, 2023, 201,887 shares of restricted stock were awarded, with a grant date fair value of $15.94 per share. To fund the grant of restricted common stock, the Company issued shares from authorized unissued shares.

On June 20, 2023, 24,687 shares of restricted stock were awarded, with a grant date fair value of $18.23 per share. To fund the grant of restricted common stock, the Company issued shares from authorized unissued shares.

At December 31, 2023, there were 578,463 shares remaining available for future restricted stock awards, and 1,706,158 shares remaining available for future stock option grants under the plan.

    Restricted shares granted under the 2019 Plan generally vest in equal installments, over the performance or service periods ranging from 1 year to 5 years, beginning 1 year from the date of grant. A portion of restricted shares awarded are performance awards, which vest upon the satisfactory attainment of certain corporate financial targets. Management recognizes compensation expense for the fair value of restricted shares on a straight-line basis over the requisite performance or service period. During the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022, and 2021, approximately $4.1 million, $4.3 million, and $5.7 million, respectively, in expense was recognized in regard to these awards. The expected future compensation expense related to the 435,541 non-vested restricted shares outstanding at December 31, 2023 is approximately $5.0 million over a weighted average period of 1.5 years.

The following is a summary of the Company's restricted stock activity during the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022:
Number of Restricted SharesWeighted Average Grant Date Fair Value
Non-vested at January 1, 2022
1,054,335 $15.78 
Grants123,182 21.29 
Vested(677,886)15.73 
Forfeited(68,677)16.54 
Non-vested at December 31, 2022
430,954 $17.31 
Grants247,646 16.43 
Vested(213,253)17.29 
Forfeited(29,806)17.96 
Non-vested at December 31, 2023
435,541 $16.77 
(14)    Employee Benefit Plans (continued)

Stock Based Compensation (continued)

On March 21, 2022, options to purchase 130,951 shares of Company common stock were awarded with a grant date fair value of $6.51 per option. Stock options granted under the 2019 Plan vest in equal installments over the service period of three years beginning one year from the date of grant. These stock options were granted at an exercise price of $21.79, which represents the fair value of the Company's common stock price on the grant date based on the closing market price and have an expiration period of 10 years. The fair value of stock options granted was estimated utilizing the Black-Scholes option pricing model using the following assumptions: expected life of 6 years, risk-free rate of return of 2.34%, volatility of 25.31%, and a dividend yield of 0.00%.

On October 31, 2022, options to purchase 173,766 shares of Company common stock were awarded with a grant date fair value of $7.22 per option. Stock options granted under the 2019 Plan vest in equal installments over the service period of three years beginning one year from the date of grant. These stock options were granted at an exercise price of $20.54, which represents the fair value of the Company's common stock price on the grant date based on the closing market price and have an expiration period of 10 years. The fair value of stock options granted was estimated utilizing the Black-Scholes option pricing model using the following assumptions: expected life of 6 years, risk-free rate of return of 4.19%, volatility of 26.25%, and a dividend yield of 0.00%.

On December 19, 2022, options to purchase 58,912 shares of Company common stock were awarded with a grant date fair value of $6.79 per option. Stock options granted under the 2019 Plan generally vest in equal installments over the service period of one year beginning one year from the date of grant. These stock options were granted at an exercise price of $21.07, which represents the fair value of the Company's common stock price on the grant date based on the closing market price and have an expiration period of approximately 10 years. The fair value of stock options granted was estimated utilizing the Black-Scholes option pricing model using the following assumptions: expected life of 5.5 years, risk-free rate of return of 3.71%, volatility of 26.11%, and a dividend yield of 0.00%.

On May 1, 2023, options to purchase 286,016 shares of Company common stock were awarded with a grant date fair value of $5.48 per option. Stock options granted under the 2019 Plan generally vest in equal installments over the service period of three years beginning one year from the date of grant. These stock options were granted at an exercise price of $15.94, which represents the fair value of the Company's common stock price on the grant date based on the closing market price and have an expiration period of approximately 10 years. The fair value of stock options granted was estimated utilizing the Black-Scholes option pricing model using the following assumptions: expected life of 6 years risk-free rate of return of 3.60%, volatility of 27.07%, and a dividend yield of 0.00%.

The expected life of the options represents the period of time that stock options are expected to be outstanding and is estimated using the simplified approach, which assumes that all outstanding options will be exercised at the midpoint of the vesting date and full contractual term. The risk-free rate of return is based on the rates on the grant date of a U.S. Treasury Note with a term equal to the expected option life. Since the Company recently converted to a public company and does not have sufficient historical price data, the expected volatility is based on the historical daily stock prices of Company stock plus a peer group of similar entities based on factors such as industry, stage of life cycle, size and financial leverage. The Company has not paid any cash dividends on its common stock.

Management recognizes expense for the fair value of these awards on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period. During the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022, and 2021, approximately $3.9 million, $3.2 million, and $3.2 million, respectively, in expense was recognized in regard to these awards. The expected future compensation expense related to the 1,056,804 non-vested options outstanding at December 31, 2023 is $3.5 million over a weighted average period of 1.5 years.
(14)    Employee Benefit Plans (continued)

Stock Based Compensation (continued)

The following is a summary of the Company's option activity during the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022:
Number of Stock Options Weighted Average Exercise PriceWeighted Average Remaining Contractual Term (in years) Aggregate Intrinsic Value
Outstanding, January 1, 2022
3,637,542 $15.78 7.6$18,654,905 
Granted363,629 21.08 — — 
Exercised(315,703)15.76 — — 
Expired(10,116)15.60 — — 
    Forfeited (238,483)16.20 — — 
Outstanding, December 31, 2022
3,436,869 $16.26 6.9$18,435,239 
Granted286,016 15.94 — — 
Exercised(44,117)15.60 — — 
Expired(8,281)17.12 — — 
Forfeited(86,418)18.04 — — 
Outstanding, December 31, 2023
3,584,069 $16.20 6.1$— 
Options exercisable at December 31, 2023
2,527,265 $16.01 5.7$8,527,928 

The aggregate intrinsic value in the table above represents the total pre-tax intrinsic value, the difference between the Company's closing stock price on the last trading day of the period and the exercise price, multiplied by the number of in-the-money options.
During the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021, the aggregate intrinsic value of options exercised was approximately $154,000, $1.8 million, and $60,000, respectively.
v3.24.0.1
Income Taxes
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2023
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]  
Income Taxes Income Taxes
The components of income tax expense for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022, and 2021 are as follows:

Years Ended December 31,
202320222021
(In thousands)
Current:
Federal$3,488 $13,253 $12,443 
State3,102 4,681 3,980 
Total current6,590 17,934 16,423 
Deferred:
Federal6,615 9,222 12,594 
State(3,240)3,547 5,115 
Total deferred3,375 12,769 17,709 
Total income tax expense $9,965 $30,703 $34,132 

The Company reported deferred tax (benefit) expense of $(11.5) million, $53.4 million, and $8.0 million for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022, and 2021, respectively, related to the unrealized gains (losses) on securities available for sale, which is reported in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax. Additionally, the Company recorded a deferred tax (benefit) expense of $218,000, $749,000, and $1.1 million, respectively, related to the reclassification adjustment of actuarial net (loss) gain on employee benefit obligations, which is reported in accumulated other comprehensive income, net of tax. Deferred tax assets and/or liabilities for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, also includes $9.6 million, and $1.5 million respectively, recorded as a result of purchase accounting related to the RSI and Freehold acquisitions, respectively. Deferred tax assets for the year ended December 31, 2022 also includes $2.4 million related to the adoption of CECL on January 1, 2022.

A reconciliation between the amount of reported total income tax expense and the amount computed by multiplying the applicable statutory federal income tax rate of 21% is as follows:
Years Ended December 31,
202320222021
(In thousands)
Tax expense at applicable statutory rate$9,670 $24,544 $26,498 
Increase (decrease) in taxes resulting from:
State tax, net of federal income tax benefit(103)6,449 7,185 
ESOP fair market value adjustment383 540 375 
Tax exempt interest income(22)(31)(15)
162(m)549 — — 
Income from Bank-owned life insurance(1,865)(1,179)(863)
Dividend received deduction— (10)(14)
Non-deductible merger-related expenses— 40 53 
Expired charitable contributions carryforward1,368 — — 
Other, net(15)350 913 
Total income tax expense$9,965 $30,703 $34,132 
(15)    Income Taxes (continued)

The net deferred tax asset/liability is included in other assets/liabilities in the Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition. The tax effects of temporary differences that give rise to significant portions of the deferred tax assets and deferred tax liabilities at December 31, 2023 and 2022 are as follows:
At December 31,
20232022
(In thousands)
Deferred tax assets:
Allowance for credit losses$15,507 $14,990 
Post-retirement benefits6,602 6,002 
Deferred compensation2,122 3,619 
Retirement Income Maintenance plan3,222 3,062 
ESOP1,131 990 
Stock-based compensation2,968 2,386 
Reserve for uncollected interest213 35 
Net unrealized losses on debt securities and defined benefit plans62,070 70,060 
Federal and State NOLs14,607 13,333 
Alternative minimum assessment carryforwards2,156 2,156 
Charitable contribution carryforward— 3,514 
Purchase accounting1,428 2,805 
Lease liability4,654 5,264 
Other items4,744 7,002 
Gross deferred tax assets121,424 135,218 
Valuation allowance(26)(1,965)
121,398 133,253 
Deferred tax liabilities:
Pension expense72,307 68,825 
Depreciation2,996 5,945 
Deferred loan costs14,006 14,724 
Intangible assets1,609 1,616 
Lease right-of-use asset4,371 4,958 
Other items618 286 
Total gross deferred tax liabilities95,907 96,354 
Net deferred tax asset (liability)$25,491 $36,899 

Retained earnings at December 31, 2023 and 2022 includes approximately $21.5 million for which no provision for income tax has been made. This amount represents an allocation of income to bad debt deductions for tax purposes only. Events that would result in taxation of these reserves include the failure to qualify as a bank for tax purposes, distributions in complete or partial liquidation, stock redemptions and excess distributions to stockholders.
(15)    Income Taxes (continued)

Management believes that not all existing net deductible temporary differences that comprise the net deferred tax asset will reverse during periods in which the Company generates sufficient net taxable income. Accordingly, management has established a valuation allowance. Significant changes in the Company's operations and or economic conditions could affect the benefits of the recognized net deferred tax assets.

Management believes, based on current facts, that it is more likely than not that there will be sufficient taxable income in future years to realize federal deferred tax assets. Historically, the Company believed that it was more likely than not that the benefits from certain New Jersey net operating loss carryforwards and tax credits would not be realized, and therefore, a valuation allowance was established for the portion of the state tax benefit that would not be realized. On July 3, 2023, the State of New Jersey enacted comprehensive tax legislation which changed net operating loss conversion carryovers, allowing members of a unitary group to utilize pre-conversion state net operating losses. As a result of this legislation, management believes substantially all New Jersey net operating losses will be available to offset future taxable income, and therefore, the Company reduced its valuation allowance related to these state attributes during the year ended December 31, 2023. At December 31, 2023 and 2022, the Company's valuation allowance totaled $26,000 and $2.0 million, respectively. Based upon projections of future taxable income, management believes it is more likely than not the Company will realize the remaining deferred tax assets.

The Company had federal net operating losses from the acquisition of Roselle of approximately $5.6 million and $7.8 million at December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. Roselle net operating losses are subject to a 20 year carryforward. The Company also had federal net operating losses from the acquisition of RSI of approximately $5.2 million and $8.6 million at December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. RSI net operating losses have an indefinite carryover subject to an 80% taxable income utilization and are subject to an annual limitation under Code Section 382. The Roselle net operating losses are subject to an annual limitation under Code Section 382 and will begin to expire in 2036 if not used.

The Company had New Jersey net operating loss carryforwards of $186.0 million and $147.0 million, respectively, at December 31, 2023 and 2022. If not utilized, these carryforwards will expire periodically through 2042. At both December 31, 2023 and 2022, the Company had approximately $2.2 million of New Jersey AMA Tax Credits. These credits do not expire.

The Company files income tax returns in the United States federal jurisdiction and in the states of New Jersey, New York, and Pennsylvania. At December 31, 2023, the Company is no longer subject to federal income tax examination for the years prior to 2020. Columbia Bank MHC and its subsidiaries' New York City returns are currently under audit for the tax years 2016 and 2017. The Company is open for examination by the State of New Jersey for years after 2019 and by the State of Pennsylvania for years after 2020.
v3.24.0.1
Financial Transactions with Off-Balance-Sheet Risk and Concentrations of Credit Risk
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2023
Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure [Abstract]  
Financial Transactions with Off-Balance-Sheet Risk and Concentrations of Credit Risk Financial Transactions with Off-Balance-Sheet Risk and Concentrations of Credit Risk
The Company is a party to financial instruments with off-balance-sheet risk in the normal course of business in order to meet the financing needs of its customers. These financial instruments consist of commitments to extend credit and involve, to varying degrees, elements of credit and interest rate risk in excess of the amounts recognized in the Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition.

At December 31, 2023 and 2022, the following commitments existed which are not reflected in the Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition:
December 31,
20232022
(In thousands)
Loan commitments:
Residential real estate$12,298 $55,852 
Multifamily real estate— 50,175 
Commercial real estate7,203 17,621 
Commercial business23,217 24,846 
Construction 54,082 100,430 
Consumer including home equity loans and advances5,317 5,477 
Total loan commitments$102,117 $254,401 

Unused lines of credit consisting of home equity lines, and undisbursed business and construction lines totaled approximately $1.3 billion and $1.2 billion as of December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. Amounts drawn on the unused lines of credit are predominantly assessed interest at rates that fluctuate with the base rate.

The Company uses the same credit policies and collateral requirements in making commitments and conditional obligations as it does for on-balance-sheet loans. Commitments to extend credit are agreements to lend to customers as long as there is no violation of any condition established in the contract. Commitments generally have fixed expiration dates or other termination clauses and may require payment of a fee. Since the commitments may expire without being drawn upon, the total commitment amounts do not necessarily represent future cash requirements. The Company evaluates each customer's creditworthiness on a case-by-case basis. The amount of collateral obtained, if deemed necessary by the Company upon extension of credit, is based on management's credit evaluation of the borrower.

The Company principally grants residential real estate loans, multifamily real estate loans, commercial real estate loans, construction loans, commercial business loans, home equity loans and advances and other consumer loans to borrowers primarily throughout New Jersey, New York and Pennsylvania, and to a much lesser extent in a few other east coast states. Its borrowers' abilities to repay their obligations are dependent upon various factors, including the borrowers' income and net worth, cash flows generated by the underlying collateral, if any, or from business operations, value of the underlying collateral and priority of the Company's lien on the property. These factors are dependent on various economic conditions and circumstances beyond the Company's control, and as a result, the Company is subject to the risk of loss. The Company believes that its lending policies and procedures adequately minimize the potential exposure to such risks and adequate provisions for loan losses are provided for all probable and estimable losses. In the normal course of business, the Company sells residential real estate loans to third parties. These loan sales are subject to customary representations and warranties. In the event that the Company is found to be in breach of these representations and warranties, it may be obligated to repurchase certain of these loans.

The Company has entered into derivative financial instruments to manage exposures that arise from business activities that result in the receipt or payment of future known and uncertain cash amounts, the value of which are determined by interest rates. The Company's derivative financial instruments are used to manage differences in the amount, timing, and duration of the Company's known or expected cash receipts and its known or expected cash payments principally related to the Company's borrowings. These derivatives were used to hedge the variability in cash flows associated with certain short-term funding transactions. The fair value of the derivatives as of December 31, 2023 and 2022 was a net liability of $6.1 million and $684,000, respectively, net of accrued interest and variation margin posted in accordance with the Chicago Mercantile Exchange.
(16)    Financial Transactions with Off-Balance-Sheet Risk and Concentrations of Credit Risk (continued)

In connection with its mortgage banking activities, at December 31, 2023 and 2022 the Company had no commitments to sell loans, and no commitments classified as held-for-sale.

The Company is also a party to standby letters of credit, which are conditional commitments issued to guarantee the performance of a customer to a third party. These guarantees generally extend for a term of up to one year and may be secured or unsecured. The balance of standby letters of credit totaled $33.1 million and $20.4 million at December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively.

The FHLB has issued irrevocable standby letters of credits totaling $575.0 million at December 31, 2023 for purposes of collateralizing Columbia Bank's New Jersey public funds on deposit. These letters are renewable on an annual basis and are securitized by loans and securities. The FHLB also has issued an irrevocable standby letter of credit totaling $600,000 at both December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively, for the purposes of collateralizing Freehold Bank's retention of New Jersey public funds on deposit as required by the New Jersey Governmental Unit Deposit Protection Act. This letter is renewable on an annual basis and is securitized by Freehold Bank's available borrowing line at the FHLB.

The Company and its subsidiaries are also party to litigation which arises primarily in the ordinary course of business. In the opinion of management, these legal actions and claims are not expected to have a material adverse impact on the consolidated financial position of the Company.

The Company is required to include unfunded commitments that are expected to be funded in the future within the allowance calculation, other than those that are unconditionally cancellable. To arrive at that reserve, the reserve percentage for each applicable segment is applied to the unused portion of the expected commitment balance and is multiplied by the expected funding rate. To determine the expected funding rate, the Company uses a historical utilization rate for each segment. The allowance for credit losses on off-balance-sheet exposures is reported in other liabilities in the Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition. The liability represents an estimate of expected credit losses arising from off-balance-sheet exposures such as unfunded commitments. At December 31, 2023and 2022, the balance of the allowance for credit losses on unfunded commitments, included in other liabilities, totaled $5.5 million and $7.0 million, respectively. The Company recorded a reversal of provision for credit losses on unfunded commitments, included in other non-interest expense in the Consolidated Statements of Income, of $1.5 million and $1.2 million for the years ended December 31, 2023and 2022, respectively.

The following table presents the activity in the allowance for credit losses on off-balance-sheet exposures for years ended December 31, 2023and 2022:

December 31,
20232022
(In thousands)(In thousands)
Allowance for Credit Losses:
Beginning balance$6,970 $524 
Impact of adopting ASU 2016-13 ("CECL") effective January 1, 2022— 7,674 
(Reversal of) provision for credit losses(1,486)(1,228)
 Balance at end of period$5,484 $6,970 
v3.24.0.1
Fair Value Measurements
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2023
Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract]  
Fair Value Measurements Fair Value Measurements
The Company utilizes fair value measurements to record fair value adjustments to certain assets and liabilities and to determine fair value disclosures. The determination of fair values of financial instruments often requires the use of estimates. Where quoted market values in an active market are not readily available, the Company utilizes various valuation techniques to estimate fair value.

Fair value is the exchange price that would be received for an asset or paid to transfer a liability (exit price) in the principal or most advantageous market for the asset or liability in an orderly transaction between market participants on the measurement date. There are three levels of inputs that may be used to measure the fair values:

Level 1: Unadjusted quoted prices for identical assets or liabilities in active markets that the Company has the ability to access on the measurement date.

Level 2: Inputs other than quoted prices included in Level 1 that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly or indirectly. These might include quoted prices for similar instruments in markets that are active or not active, or inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data for substantially the full term of the asset or liability.

Level 3: Prices or valuation techniques that require unobservable inputs that are both significant to the fair value measurement and unobservable (i.e., supported by minimal or no market activity). Valuation techniques include the use of option pricing models, discounted cash flow models and similar techniques.

A financial instrument’s level within the fair value hierarchy is based on the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement.

Assets and Liabilities Measured at Fair Value on a Recurring Basis

The methods described below were used to measure fair value of financial instruments as reflected in the tables below on a recurring basis as of December 31, 2023 and 2022.

Debt Securities Available for Sale, at Fair Value

For debt securities available for sale, fair value was estimated using a market approach. The majority of these securities are fixed income instruments that are not quoted on an exchange but are traded in active markets. Prices for these instruments are obtained through third-party data service providers or dealer market participants with which the Company has historically transacted both purchases and sales of securities. Prices obtained from these sources include market quotations, matrix pricing and discounted cash flow pricing. Matrix pricing, a Level 2 input, is a mathematical technique used principally to value certain securities to a benchmark or to comparable securities. The Company evaluates the quality of Level 2 matrix pricing through comparison to similar assets with greater liquidity and evaluation of projected cash flows. Discounted cash flows, a Level 3 input, is estimated by discounting the expected future cash flows using the current rates for securities with similar credit ratings and similar remaining maturities. As the Company is responsible for the determination of fair value, it performs quarterly analysis on the prices received from the pricing service to determine whether the prices are reasonable estimates of fair value. Specifically, the Company compares the prices received from the pricing service to a secondary pricing source. Additionally, the Company compares changes in the reported market values and returns to relevant market indices to assess the reasonableness of the reported prices. The Company’s internal price verification procedures and review of fair value methodology documentation provided by independent pricing services has not historically resulted in an adjustment in the prices obtained from the pricing service. The Company may hold debt instruments issued by the U.S. government and U.S. government-sponsored agencies that are traded in active markets with readily accessible quoted market prices that are considered Level 1 inputs. The Company classifies the estimated fair value of its loan portfolio as Level 3.

Equity Securities, at Fair Value

The Company holds equity securities that are traded in active markets with readily accessible quoted market prices that are considered Level 1 inputs. A trust preferred security that is not traded in an active market and Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation ("FHLMC") and Federal National Mortgage Association ("FNMA") preferred stock, are considered Level 2 instruments. In addition, Level 2 instruments include Atlantic Community Bankers Bank ("ACBB") stock, which is based on redemption at par value and can only be sold to the issuing ACBB or another institution that holds ACBB stock.
(17)    Fair Value Measurements (continued)

Derivatives

The Company records all derivatives included in other assets and liabilities in the Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition at fair value. The accounting for changes in the fair value of derivatives depends on the intended use of the derivative, whether the Company has elected to designate a derivative in a hedging relationship and apply hedge accounting, and whether the hedging relationship has satisfied the criteria necessary to apply hedge accounting. See note 21 for disclosures related to the accounting treatment for derivatives.

The fair value of the Company's derivatives is determined using discounted cash flow analysis using observable market-based inputs, which are considered Level 2 inputs.

The following tables present the assets and liabilities reported in the Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition at their fair values as of December 31, 2023 and 2022, by level within the fair value hierarchy:
December 31, 2023
Fair Value Measurements
Fair ValueQuoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1)Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)
(In thousands)
Debt securities available for sale:
       U.S. government and agency obligations$145,501 $137,800 $7,701 $— 
Mortgage-backed securities and collateralized mortgage obligations867,585 — 867,585 — 
       Municipal obligations2,702 — 892 1,810 
       Corporate debt securities77,769 — 69,842 7,927 
            Total debt securities available for sale1,093,557 137,800 946,020 9,737 
Equity securities4,079 3,758 321 — 
Derivative assets18,898 — 18,898 — 
$1,116,534 $141,558 965,239 $9,737 
Derivative liabilities$25,025 $— $25,025 $— 
(17)    Fair Value Measurements (continued)

December 31, 2022
Fair Value Measurements
Fair ValueQuoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1)Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)
(In thousands)
Debt securities available for sale:
       U.S. government and agency obligations$63,566 $55,178 $8,388 $— 
Mortgage-backed securities and collateralized mortgage obligations1,181,727 — 1,181,727 — 
       Municipal obligations3,575 — 897 2,678 
       Corporate debt securities79,766 — 70,321 9,445 
            Total debt securities available for sale1,328,634 55,178 1,261,333 12,123 
Equity securities3,384 3,053 331 — 
Derivative assets19,756 — 19,756 — 
$1,351,774 $58,231 $1,281,420 $12,123 
Derivative liabilities$19,072 $— $19,072 $— 
    
The table below provides activity of assets reported as Level 3 for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022:

Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)
(In thousands)
Debt securities available for sale:
Balance of recurring Level 3 assets - January 1, 2022$— 
Transfers into Level 3 assets13,539 
Maturity of Level 3 asset(914)
Change in fair value of Level 3 assets(502)
Balance of recurring Level 3 assets - December 31, 2022
12,123 
Maturity of Level 3 asset(918)
Change in fair value of Level 3 assets(1,468)
Balance of recurring Level 3 assets - December 31, 2023
$9,737 

The fair value of investments placed in Level 3 is estimated by discounting the expected future cash flows using reasonably available current rates for comparable new issue securities with similar structure, including original maturity, call date, and assumptions about risk. Discounted cash flow estimated valuations are subsequently validated against comparable structures as an approximation of value.

Expected cash flows were projected based on contractual cash flows. There were no transfers to Level 3 assets during the year ended December 31, 2023. Two private placement corporate debt securities classified as available for sale and four private placement municipal obligations classified as available for sale were transferred from Level 2 to Level 3 during the year ended December 31, 2022.
(17)    Fair Value Measurements (continued)

Private placement debt security cash flows were discounted to a market yield of 12.00% (weighted average is 12.00%), and the cash flows for private placement municipal obligations were discounted to a market yield ranging from 3.40% to 3.99% (weighted average is 3.69%).

The period end valuations were support by an analysis prepared by an independent third party market participant and approved by management.

Assets Measured at Fair Value on a Non-Recurring Basis

The valuation techniques described below were used to estimate fair value of financial instruments measured on a non-recurring basis as of December 31, 2023 and 2022.

Individually Analyzed Collateral Dependent Loans/Impaired Loans

The fair value of collateral dependent loans that are individually analyzed or were previously deemed impaired is measured based on the present value of expected future cash flows discounted at the loan's effective interest rate or, as a practical expedient, at the loan's observable market price or the fair value of the collateral if the loan is collateral dependent. For individually analyzed loans measured for impairment based on the fair value of the underlying collateral, fair value was estimated using a market approach. The Company measures the fair value of collateral underlying impaired loans primarily through obtaining independent appraisals that rely upon quoted market prices for similar assets in active markets. These appraisals include adjustments, on an individual case-by-case basis, to comparable assets based on the appraisers’ market knowledge and experience, as well as adjustments for estimated costs to sell between 6% and 8%. For non-collateral dependent loans, management estimates fair value using discounted cash flows based on inputs that are largely unobservable. The Company classifies these loans as Level 3 within the fair value hierarchy.

Mortgage Servicing Rights, Net ("MSR"s")

Mortgage servicing rights are carried at the lower of cost or estimated fair value. The estimated fair value of MSRs is obtained through an analysis of future cash flows, incorporating assumptions that market participants would use in determining fair value including market discount rates, prepayments speeds, servicing income, servicing costs, default rates and other market driven data, including the market's perception of future interest rate movements. The prepayment speed and the discount rate are considered two of the most significant inputs in the model. A significant degree of judgment is involved in valuing the mortgage servicing rights using Level 3 inputs. The use of different assumptions could have a significant effect on this fair value estimate.
    
The following tables present the assets and liabilities reported in the Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition at their fair values on a non-recurring basis at December 31, 2023 and 2022, by level within the fair value hierarchy:
December 31, 2023
Fair Value Measurements
Fair ValueQuoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1)Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)
(In thousands)
Impaired loans$5,000 $— $— $5,000 
Mortgage servicing rights2,908 — — 2,908 
$7,908 $— $— $7,908 
(17)    Fair Value Measurements (continued)

December 31, 2022
Fair Value Measurements
Fair ValueQuoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1)Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)
(In thousands)
Mortgage servicing rights$2,107 $— $— $2,107 
$2,107 $— $— $2,107 
    
The following table presents information for Level 3 assets measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis at December 31, 2023 and 2022:
December 31, 2023
Fair ValueValuation MethodologyUnobservable InputsRange of InputsWeighted Average
(Dollars in thousands)
Impaired loans$5,000 OtherContracted modification agreement— %— %
Mortgage servicing rights$2,908 Discounted cash flow
Prepayment speeds and discount rates (1)
4.3% - 27.2%
8.1 %

December 31, 2022
Fair ValueValuation MethodologyUnobservable InputsRange of InputsWeighted Average
(Dollars in thousands)
Mortgage servicing rights$2,107 Discounted cash flow
Prepayment speeds and discount rates (2)
5.5% - 27.1%
8.6 %
(1) Value of SBA servicing rights based on a discount rate of 15.50%.
(2) Value of SBA servicing rights based on a discount rate of 14.50%.

Other Fair Value Disclosures

The Company is required to disclose estimated fair value of financial instruments, both assets and liabilities on and off the balance sheet, for which it is practicable to estimate fair value. A description of the valuation methodologies used for those assets and liabilities not recorded at fair value on a recurring or non-recurring basis are set forth below.

Cash and Cash Equivalents

For cash and due from banks, federal funds sold and short-term investments, the carrying amount approximates fair value due to their nature and short-term maturities.
(17)    Fair Value Measurements (continued)

Debt Securities Held to Maturity

For debt securities held to maturity, fair value was estimated using a market approach. The majority of the Company’s securities are fixed income instruments that are not quoted on an exchange but are traded in active markets. Prices for these instruments are obtained through third-party data service providers or dealer market participants with which the Company has historically transacted both purchases and sales of securities. Prices obtained from these sources include market quotations and matrix pricing. Matrix pricing, a Level 2 input, is a mathematical technique used principally to value certain securities to benchmark or to compare securities. The Company evaluates the quality of Level 2 matrix pricing through comparison to similar assets with greater liquidity and evaluation of projected cash flows. As the Company is responsible for the determination of fair value, it performs quarterly analysis on the prices received from the pricing service to determine whether the prices are reasonable estimates of fair value. Specifically, the Company compares the prices received from the pricing service to a secondary pricing source. Additionally, the Company compares changes in the reported market values and returns to relevant market indices to assess the reasonableness of the reported prices. The Company’s internal price verification procedures and review of fair value methodology documentation provided by independent pricing services has not historically resulted in an adjustment in the prices obtained from the pricing service. The Company also holds debt instruments issued by the U.S. government and U.S. government sponsored agencies that are traded in active markets with readily accessible quoted market prices that are considered Level 1 inputs within the fair value hierarchy.

Federal Home Loan Bank Stock ("FHLB")

The fair value of FHLB stock is based on redemption at par value and can only be sold to the issuing FHLB, to other FHLBs, or to other member banks. As such, the Company's FHLB stock is recorded at cost, or par value, and is evaluated for impairment each reporting period by considering the ultimate recoverability of the investment rather than temporary declines in value. The Company classifies the estimated fair value as Level 2 within the fair value hierarchy.

Loans Receivable

Fair values are estimated for portfolios of loans with similar financial characteristics. Loans are segregated by type such as commercial mortgage, residential mortgage, commercial, construction, and consumer and other. Each loan category is further segmented into fixed and adjustable rate interest terms and into performing and non-performing categories.

The fair value of performing loans was estimated using a combination of techniques, including a discounted cash flow model that utilizes a discount rate that reflects the Company's current pricing for loans with similar characteristics and remaining maturity, adjusted by an amount for estimated credit losses inherent in the portfolio at the balance sheet date. The rates take into account the expected yield curve, as well as an adjustment for prepayment risk, when applicable. The Company classifies the estimated fair value of its loan portfolio as Level 3.

The fair value for significant non-performing loans was based on recent external appraisals of collateral securing such loans, adjusted for the timing of anticipated cash flows. The Company classifies the estimated fair value of its non-performing loan portfolio as Level 3.

Deposits

The fair value of deposits with no stated maturity, such as demand, money market, and savings and club deposits are payable on demand at each reporting date and classified as Level 2. The estimated fair value of certificates of deposit was based on the discounted value of contractual cash flows. The discount rate was estimated using the Company’s current rates offered for deposits with similar remaining maturities. The Company classifies the estimated fair value of its certificates of deposit portfolio as Level 2.

Borrowings

The fair value of borrowings was estimated by discounting future cash flows using rates available for debt with similar terms and maturities and is classified by the Company as Level 2 within the fair value hierarchy.
(17)    Fair Value Measurements (continued)

Commitments to Extend Credit and Letters of Credit

The fair value of commitments to extend credit and letters of credit was estimated using the fees currently charged to enter into similar agreements, taking into account the remaining terms of the agreements and the present creditworthiness of the counter-parties. For fixed rate loan commitments, fair value also considers the difference between current levels of interest rates and the committed rates. The fair value estimates of commitments to extend credit and letters of credit are deemed immaterial.

The following tables present the assets and liabilities reported in the Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition at their fair values as of December 31, 2023 and 2022:

December 31, 2023
Fair Value Measurements
Carrying ValueTotal Fair ValueQuoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1)Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)
(In thousands)
Financial assets:
Cash and cash equivalents$423,249 $423,249 $423,249 $— $— 
Debt securities available for sale1,093,557 1,093,557 137,800 946,020 9,737 
Debt securities held to maturity401,154 357,177 — 357,177 — 
Equity securities4,079 4,079 3,758 321 
Federal Home Loan Bank stock81,022 81,022 — 81,022 — 
Loans receivable, net7,819,441 7,366,184 — — 7,366,184 
Derivative assets18,898 18,898 — 18,898 — 
Financial liabilities:
Deposits$7,846,556 $7,828,259 $— $7,828,259 $— 
Borrowings1,528,695 1,531,179 — 1,531,179 — 
Derivative liabilities25,025 25,025 — 25,025 — 
(17)    Fair Value Measurements (continued)

December 31, 2022
Fair Value Measurements
Carrying ValueTotal Fair ValueQuoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1)Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)
(In thousands)
Financial assets:
Cash and cash equivalents$179,228 $179,228 $179,228 $— $— 
Debt securities available for sale1,328,634 1,328,634 55,178 1,261,333 12,123 
Debt securities held to maturity421,523 370,391 — 370,391 — 
Equity securities3,384 3,384 3,053 331 — 
Federal Home Loan Bank stock58,114 58,114 — 58,114 — 
Loans receivable, net7,624,761 6,771,095 — — 6,771,095 
Derivative assets19,756 19,756 — 19,756 — 
Financial liabilities:
Deposits$8,001,159 $7,942,782 $— $7,942,782 $— 
Borrowings1,127,047 1,146,265 — 1,146,265 — 
Derivative liabilities19,072 19,072 — 19,072 — 

Limitations

Fair value estimates are made at a specific point in time, based on relevant market information and information about the financial instrument. These estimates do not reflect any premium or discount that could result from offering for sale at one time the Company’s entire holdings of a particular financial instrument. Because limited markets exist for a significant portion of the Company’s financial instruments, fair value estimates are based on judgments regarding future expected loss experience, current economic conditions, risk characteristics of various financial instruments, and other factors. These estimates are subjective in nature and involve uncertainties and matters of significant judgment and, therefore, cannot be determined with precision. Changes in assumptions could significantly affect the estimates.
Fair value estimates are based on existing on and off-balance-sheet financial instruments without attempting to estimate the value of anticipated future business and the value of assets and liabilities that are not considered financial instruments. Other significant assets and liabilities that are not considered financial assets or liabilities include goodwill and intangible assets, deferred tax assets and liabilities, office properties and equipment, and bank-owned life insurance.
v3.24.0.1
Earnings per Share
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2023
Earnings Per Share [Abstract]  
Earnings per Share Earnings per Share
Basic earnings per share ("EPS") is computed by dividing net income available to common shareholders by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the period. For purposes of calculating basic EPS, weighted average common shares outstanding excludes treasury stock, unallocated employee stock ownership plan shares that have not been committed for release and deferred compensation obligations required to be settled in shares of Company stock.

Diluted EPS is computed using the same method as basic EPS and reflects the potential dilution which could occur if stock options and unvested shares were exercised and converted into common stock. The potentially diluted shares would then be included in the weighted average number of shares outstanding for the period using the treasury stock method.

The following is a reconciliation of the numerators and denominators of the basic and diluted earnings per share calculations for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022, and 2021:
December 31,
202320222021
(In thousands, except per share data)
Net income$36,086 $86,173 $92,049 
Shares:
Weighted average shares outstanding - basic102,656,388 105,580,823 104,156,112 
Weighted average diluted shares outstanding238,581 612,338 — 
Weighted average shares outstanding - diluted102,894,969 106,193,161 104,156,112 
Earnings per share:
Basic$0.35 $0.82 $0.88 
Diluted$0.35 $0.81 $0.88 

For the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022, and 2021, the average number of stock options which could potentially dilute basic earnings per share in the future that were not included in the computation of diluted earnings per share because to do so would have been anti-dilutive totaled 704,526, 129,049, and 3,726,249 respectively.
v3.24.0.1
Parent-only Financial Information
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2023
Condensed Financial Information Disclosure [Abstract]  
Parent-only Financial Information Parent-only Financial Information
The condensed financial statements of Columbia Financial, Inc. (parent company) are presented below:
Statements of Financial Condition
December 31,
20232022
(In thousands)
Assets
Cash and due from banks$8,644 $59,754 
Short-term investments108 131 
Total cash and cash equivalents8,752 59,885 
Equity securities, at fair value191 201 
Investment in subsidiaries1,000,185 979,841 
Loan receivable from Columbia Bank36,432 38,187 
Other assets2,918 13,760 
Total assets$1,048,478 $1,091,874 
                                                  Liabilities and Stockholders' Equity
Liabilities:
Borrowings$6,962 $36,888 
Accrued expenses and other liabilities1,181 1,391 
Total liabilities8,143 38,279 
Stockholders' equity1,040,335 1,053,595 
Total liabilities and stockholders' equity$1,048,478 $1,091,874 
(19)    Parent-only Financial Information (continued)

Statements of Income and Comprehensive Income
Years Ended December 31,
202320222021
(In thousands)
Dividends from subsidiary$45,000 $80,000 $65,000 
Interest income:
Loans receivable1,814 1,893 1,969 
Debt securities available for sale and equity securities18 10 43 
Interest-earning deposits— 
Total interest income46,840 81,910 67,012 
Interest expense on borrowings1,339 1,600 427 
Net interest income 45,501 80,310 66,585 
Equity earnings (loss) income in subsidiaries(8,432)9,132 27,652 
Non-interest income:
Gain on securities transactions— — 383 
Change in fair value of equity securities(10)(15)(35)
Other non-interest income— 650 — 
Total non-interest income (loss)(10)635 348 
Non-interest expense:
Merger-related expenses41 522 546 
Loss on extinguishment of debt300 — — 
Other non-interest expense1,502 2,861 2,203 
Total non-interest expense1,843 3,383 2,749 
Income before income tax (benefit) expense35,216 86,694 91,836 
Income tax (benefit) expense(870)521 (213)
Net income36,086 86,173 92,049 
Other comprehensive income (loss) 20,561 (133,377)23,706 
Comprehensive income (loss)$56,647 $(47,204)$115,755 
(19)    Parent-only Financial Information (continued)

Statements of Cash Flows
Years Ended December 31,
202320222021
(In thousands)
Cash flows from operating activities:
Net income$36,086 $86,173 $92,049 
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:
Amortization of intangible assets74 73 21 
Gain on securities transactions— — (383)
Change in fair value of equity securities10 15 35 
Loss on extinguishment of debt300 — — 
Deferred tax expense 2,019 2,463 1,830 
Decrease (increase) in other assets8,894 (642)(7,721)
(Decrease) increase in accrued expenses and other liabilities(890)(997)691 
Equity in undistributed (earnings)of subsidiaries8,432 (9,132)(27,652)
Net cash provided by operating activities$54,925 $77,953 $58,870 
Cash flows from investing activities:
Proceeds from sales of equity securities— — 1,390 
Purchases of equity securities— — (91)
Repayment of loan receivable from Columbia Bank1,755 1,675 1,599 
Net cash acquired in acquisition — 31 — 
Net cash provided by investing activities$1,755 $1,706 $2,898 
Cash flows from financing activities:
Repayment of term note $(30,300)$— $— 
Net proceeds from term note— — 29,841 
Purchase of treasury stock(80,497)(93,996)(107,774)
Exercise of options42 325 (25)
Issuance of common stock allocated to restricted stock award grants4,066 2,624 — 
Restricted stock forfeitures(501)(1,451)(1,234)
Repurchase of shares for taxes(623)(4,614)(357)
Issuance of treasury stock allocated to restricted stock award grants— — 896 
Net cash (used in) financing activities$(107,813)$(97,112)$(78,653)
(19)    Parent-only Financial Information (continued)

Statements of Cash Flows
Years Ended December 31,
202320222021
(In thousands)
Net (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents$(51,133)$(17,453)$(16,885)
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of year59,885 77,338 94,223 
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period$8,752 $59,885 $77,338 
Non-cash investing and financing activities:
Excise tax on net stock repurchases$800 $— $— 
Acquisition:
Net cash and cash equivalents acquired in acquisition$— $31 $— 
v3.24.0.1
Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2023
Equity [Abstract]  
Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)
The following tables present the components of other comprehensive income (loss), both gross and net of tax, for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022, and 2021:
For the Years Ended December 31,
20232022
Before TaxTax EffectAfter TaxBefore TaxTax EffectAfter Tax
(In thousands)
Components of other comprehensive income (loss):
Unrealized gain (loss) on debt securities available for sale:$41,181 $(11,544)$29,637 $(190,682)$53,427 $(137,255)
Accretion of unrealized (loss) on debt securities reclassified as held to maturity(14)(10)(31)(22)
Reclassification adjustment for (loss) gain included in net income(10,847)3,053 (7,794)210 (59)151 
30,320 (8,487)21,833 (190,503)53,377 (137,126)
Derivatives:
Unrealized (loss) gain on swap contracts accounted for as cash flow hedges(1,274)356 (918)7,524 (2,103)5,421 
Employee benefit plans:
Amortization of prior service cost included in net income(56)16 (40)(56)15 (41)
Reclassification adjustment of actuarial net (loss) included in net income(776)218 (558)(2,677)749 (1,928)
Change in funded status of retirement obligations340 (96)244 345 (48)297 
(492)138 (354)(2,388)716 (1,672)
Total other comprehensive income (loss) $28,554 $(7,993)$20,561 $(185,367)$51,990 $(133,377)

    
(20)    Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) (continued)

For the Year Ended December 31,
2021
Before TaxTax EffectAfter Tax
(In thousands)
Components of other comprehensive income (loss):
Unrealized (loss) on debt securities available for sale:$(39,000)$8,021 $(30,979)
Accretion of unrealized (loss) on debt securities reclassified as held to maturity(28)25 (3)
Reclassification adjustment for gain included in net income2,025 (427)1,598 
(37,003)7,619 (29,384)
Derivatives:
Unrealized gain on swap contracts accounted for as cash flow hedges14,514 (2,575)11,939 
Employee benefit plans:
Amortization of prior service cost included in net income(55)16 (39)
Reclassification adjustment of actuarial net (loss) included in net income(4,044)1,129 (2,915)
Change in funded status of retirement obligations50,999 (6,894)44,105 
46,900 (5,749)41,151 
Total other comprehensive income (loss)$24,411 $(705)$23,706 

    
(20)    Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) (continued)

    The following tables present the changes in the components of accumulated other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax, for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022, and 2021:
For the Years Ended December 31,
20232022
Unrealized (Losses) on Debt Securities Available for SaleUnrealized Gains (Losses) on SwapsEmployee Benefit PlansAccumulated Other Comprehensive (Loss)Unrealized Gains (Losses) on Debt Securities Available for SaleUnrealized Gains (Losses) on SwapsEmployee Benefit PlansAccumulated Other Comprehensive (Loss)
(In thousands)
Balance at beginning of period$(135,482)$504 $(44,318)$(179,296)$1,644 $(4,917)$(42,646)$(45,919)
Current period changes in other comprehensive income (loss)21,833 (918)(354)20,561 (137,126)5,421 (1,672)(133,377)
Total other comprehensive income (loss) $(113,649)$(414)$(44,672)$(158,735)$(135,482)$504 $(44,318)$(179,296)

For the Year Ended December 31,
2021
Unrealized Gains on Debt Securities Available for SaleUnrealized (Losses) on SwapsEmployee Benefit PlansAccumulated Other Comprehensive (Loss)
(In thousands)
Balance at beginning of period$31,028 $(16,856)$(83,797)$(69,625)
Current period changes in other comprehensive income (loss)(29,384)11,939 41,151 23,706 
Total other comprehensive income (loss) $1,644 $(4,917)$(42,646)$(45,919)
(20)    Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) (continued)

    The following tables reflect amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) in the Consolidated Statements of Income and the affected line item in the statement where net income is presented for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022, and 2021:
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) Components
For the Years Ended December 31,Affected Line Items in the Consolidated Statements of Income
202320222021
(In thousands)
Reclassification adjustment for (loss) gain included in net income$(10,847)$210 $2,025 (Loss)gain on securities transactions
Reclassification adjustment of actuarial net (loss) included in net income(776)(2,677)(4,044)Other non-interest expense
      Total before tax (11,623)(2,467)(2,019)
      Income tax benefit3,271 690 702 
      Net of tax$(8,352)$(1,777)$(1,317)
v3.24.0.1
Derivatives and Hedging Activities
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2023
Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities Disclosure [Abstract]  
Derivatives and Hedging Activities Derivatives and Hedging Activities
The Company uses derivative financial instruments as components of its market risk management, principally to manage interest rate risk. Certain derivatives are entered into in connection with transactions with commercial customers. Derivatives are not used for speculative purposes. All derivatives are recognized as either assets or liabilities in the Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition, reported at fair value and presented on a gross basis. Until a derivative is settled, a favorable change in fair value results in an unrealized gain that is recognized as an asset, while an unfavorable change in fair value results in an unrealized loss that is recognized as a liability.

The Company generally applies hedge accounting to its derivatives used for market risk management purposes. Hedge accounting is permitted only if specific criteria are met, including a requirement that a highly effective relationship exists between the derivative instrument and the hedged item, both at inception of the hedge and on an ongoing basis. Changes in the fair value of effective fair value hedges are recognized in current earnings (with the change in fair value of the hedged asset or liability also recognized in earnings). Changes in the fair value of effective cash flow hedges are recognized in other comprehensive income (loss) until earnings are affected by the variability in cash flows of the designated hedged item. Ineffective portions of hedge results are recognized in current earnings. Changes in the fair value of derivatives for which hedge accounting is not applied are recognized in current earnings.

The Company formally documents at inception all relationships between the derivative instruments and the hedged items, as well as its risk management objectives and strategies for undertaking the hedge transactions. This process includes linking all derivatives that are designated as hedges to specific assets and liabilities, or to specific firm commitments. The Company also formally assesses, both at inception of the hedge and on an ongoing basis, whether the derivatives that are used in hedging transactions are highly effective in offsetting changes in the fair values or cash flows of the hedged items. If it is determined that a derivative is not highly effective or has ceased to be a highly effective hedge, the Company would discontinue hedge accounting prospectively. Gains or losses resulting from the termination of a derivative accounted for as a cash flow hedge remain in other comprehensive income (loss) and is (accreted) amortized to earnings over the remaining period of the former hedging relationship.

Certain derivative financial instruments are offered to certain commercial banking customers to manage their risk of exposure and risk management strategies. These derivative instruments consist primarily of currency forward contracts and interest rate swap contracts. The risks associated with these transactions is mitigated by simultaneously entering into similar transactions having essentially offsetting terms with a third party. In addition, the Company executes interest rate swaps with third parties in order to hedge the interest rate risk of short-term FHLB advances.
Currency Forward Contracts. At December 31, 2023 and 2022, the Company had no currency forward contracts in place with commercial banking customers.

Interest Rate Swaps. At December 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, the Company had 80 and 54 interest rate swaps in place with commercial banking customers executed by offsetting interest rate swaps with third parties, with aggregated notional amounts of $277.8 million and $205.0 million, respectively. These derivatives are not designated as hedges and are not speculative. These interest rate swaps do not meet hedge accounting requirements.

At December 31, 2023 and 2022, the Company had 30 and 20 interest rate swaps with notional amounts of $380.0 million and $290.0 million, respectively, hedging certain FHLB advances. These interest rate swaps meet the cash flow hedge accounting requirements. Interest rate swaps designated as cash flow hedges involve the receipt of variable amounts from a counter-party in exchange for the Company making fixed-rate payments over the life of the agreements without the exchanges of the underlying notional amount.

At December 31, 2023, and 2022, the Company had two interest rate swaps hedged against pools of floating rate commercial loans with notional amounts totaling $100.0 million. These swaps meet the cash flow hedge accounting requirements. Interest rate swaps designated as cash flow hedges involve the receipt of variable amounts from a counter-party in exchange for the Company making fixed-rate payments over the life of the agreements without the exchange of the underlying notional amount.

At December 31, 2023, the Company had eight interest rate fair value swaps with notional amounts totaling $700.0 million. The Company is exposed to changes in the fair value of certain of its fixed-rate pools of assets due to changes in benchmark interest rates. The Company uses interest rate swaps to manage its exposure to changes in fair value on these instruments attributable to changes in the designated benchmark interest rate of SOFR. At December 31, 2022, the Company did not have any fair value swaps.
(21)    Derivatives and Hedging Activities (continued)

Interest rate swaps designated as fair value hedges involve the payment of fixed-rate amounts to a counterparty in exchange for the Company receiving variable-rate payments over the life of the agreements without the exchange of the underlying notional amount.

For the year ended December 31, 2023, the Company recorded hedge ineffectiveness associated with these contracts totaling approximately $47,000. For the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, the Company did not record any hedge ineffectiveness associated with these contracts.

The tables below present the fair value of the Company’s derivative financial instruments as well as their classification in the Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition at December 31, 2023 and 2022:
December 31, 2023
Asset DerivativeLiability Derivative
Consolidated Statements of Financial ConditionFair ValueConsolidated Statements of Financial ConditionFair Value
(In thousands)
Derivatives:
Interest rate products - designated hedgesOther Assets$5,394 Other Liabilities$11,530 
Interest rate products - non-designated hedgesOther Assets13,504 Other Liabilities13,495 
Total derivative instruments$18,898 $25,025 
December 31, 2022
Asset DerivativeLiability Derivative
Consolidated Statements of Financial ConditionFair ValueConsolidated Statements of Financial ConditionFair Value
(In thousands)
Derivatives:
Interest rate products - designated hedgesOther Assets$4,290 Other Liabilities$3,918 
Interest rate products - non-designated hedgesOther Assets15,466 Other Liabilities15,154 
Total derivative instruments$19,756 $19,072 

For the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022, and 2021 gains (losses) of $(302,000), $489,000, and $115,000 respectively, were recorded for changes in fair value of interest rate swaps with third parties.

At December 31, 2023 and 2022, accrued interest was $1.2 million and $22,000.

The Company has agreements with counterparties that contain a provision that if the Company defaults on any of its indebtedness, including default where repayment of the indebtedness has not been accelerated by the lender, then the Company could also be declared in default of its derivative obligations.

At December 31, 2023, the termination value of derivatives in a net liability position, which includes accrued interest, was $6.1 million. The Company has collateral posting thresholds with certain of its derivative counterparties and has posted collateral of $2.4 million against its obligations under these agreements.
(21)    Derivatives and Hedging Activities (continued)

Fair Value Hedges of Interest Rate Risk. The Company is exposed to changes in the fair value of certain of its fixed-rate pools of assets due to changes in benchmark interest rates. The Company uses interest rate swaps to manage its exposure to changes in fair value on these instruments attributable to changes in the designated benchmark interest rate, SOFR. Interest rate swaps designated as fair value hedges involve the payment of fixed-rate amounts to a counterparty in exchange for the Company receiving variable-rate payments over the life of the agreements without the exchange of the underlying notional amount.

For derivatives designated and that qualify as fair value hedges, the gain or loss on the derivative as well as the offsetting gain or loss on the hedged item attributable to the hedged risk are recognized in interest income.

At December 31, 2023, the following amounts were recorded on the Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition related to cumulative basis adjustment for fair value hedges:

Carrying Amount of Hedged Assets/(Liabilities)Cumulative Amount of Fair Value Hedging Adjustment included in the Carrying Amount of Hedged Assets/(Liabilities)
At December 31, 2023
(In thousands)
Fair value interest rate products$706,412 $6,412 

At December 31, 2022, the Company had no fair value hedges.
v3.24.0.1
Revenue Recognition
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2023
Revenue from Contract with Customer [Abstract]  
Revenue Recognition Revenue Recognition
The Company's revenue includes net interest income on financial instruments and non-interest income. Most of the Company's revenue is not within the scope of Accounting Standards Codification Topic 606 which does not apply to revenue associated with financial instruments, including interest income on loans and securities, which comprise the majority of the Company's revenue. Revenue-generating activities that are within the scope of this guidance are components of non-interest income. These revenue streams can generally be classified as demand deposit account fees, title insurance fees, insurance agency income and other fees.
The following table presents non-interest income, segregated by revenue streams in-scope and out-of-scope of Topic 606, for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022, and 2021.
For the Years Ended December 31,
202320222021
(In thousands)
Non-interest income
In-scope of Topic 606:
Demand deposit account fees$5,145 $5,293 $3,803 
Title insurance fees2,400 3,423 6,088 
Insurance agency income188 141 — 
Other non-interest income7,991 8,666 7,600 
Total in-scope non-interest income15,724 17,523 17,491 
Total out-of-scope non-interest income11,655 12,877 21,340 
Total non-interest income$27,379 $30,400 $38,831 

Demand deposit account fees include monthly maintenance fees and service charges. These fees are generally derived as a result of either transaction-based or serviced-based services. The Company's performance obligation for these services is generally satisfied, and revenue recognized, at the time the transaction is completed, or the service rendered. Fees for these services are generally received from the customer either at the time of the transaction or monthly.

Title insurance fees are generally recognized at the time the transaction closes or when the service is rendered.

RSI Insurance Agency, Inc. performs the function of an insurance intermediary, by introducing the policyholder and insurer for life and health, and property and casualty insurance, and is compensated by a commission fee for placement of an insurance policy. Commission and fees are generally recognized as of the effective date of the insurance policy. Commission revenues related to installment billings are recognized on the invoice date. Subsequent commission adjustments are recognized upon the receipt of notification from insurance companies concerning matters necessitating such adjustments.

Other non-interest income includes check printing fees, traveler's check fees, gift card fees, branch service fees, overdraft fees, account analysis fees, other deposit related fees, wealth management related fee income which includes annuity fees, brokerage commissions, and asset management fees. Wealth management related fee income represent fees earned from customers as consideration for asset management and investment advisory services provided by a third party. The Company's performance obligation is generally satisfied monthly, and the resulting fees are recognized monthly based upon the month-end market value of the assets under management and the applicable fee rate. The Company does not earn performance-based incentives. The Company's performance obligation for these transaction-based services are generally satisfied, and related revenue recognized, at the time the transaction closes or when the service is rendered or a point in time when the service is completed.

Also included in other fees are debit card and ATM fees which are transaction-based. Debit card revenue is primarily comprised of interchange fees earned when a customer's Company card is processed through a card payment network. ATM fees are largely generated when a Company cardholder uses a non-Company ATM, or a non-Company cardholder uses a Company ATM. The Company's performance obligation for these services is satisfied when the service is rendered. Payment is generally received at time of transaction or monthly.

Out-of-scope non-interest income primarily consists of income from bank-owned life insurance, loan prepayment and servicing fees, net fees on loan level swaps, gains and losses on the sale of loans and securities, credit card interchange income, changes in the fair value of equity securities, and proceeds from an insurance settlement. None of these revenue streams are subject to the requirements of Topic 606.
v3.24.0.1
Subsequent Events
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2023
Subsequent Events [Abstract]  
Subsequent Events Subsequent Events
The Company has evaluated events subsequent to December 31, 2023 and through the financial statement issuance date of February 29, 2024.

In February 2024, we received notification from the FDIC that the estimated loss attributable to the protection of uninsured depositors at Silicon Valley Bank and Signature Bank is $20.4 billion, an increase of approximately $4.1 billion from the estimate of $16.3 billion described in the final rule. (See Regulation/Supervision - “Insurance of Deposit Accounts” for additional information.) The FDIC plans to provide institutions subject to the special assessment an updated estimate of each institution’s quarterly and total special assessment expense with its first quarter 2024 special assessment invoice, to be released in June 2024. The Company cannot reasonably estimate the additional assessment amount at this time.
v3.24.0.1
Pay vs Performance Disclosure - USD ($)
$ in Thousands
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2023
Dec. 31, 2022
Dec. 31, 2021
Pay vs Performance Disclosure      
Net income $ 36,086 $ 86,173 $ 92,049
v3.24.0.1
Insider Trading Arrangements
3 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2023
Trading Arrangements, by Individual  
Rule 10b5-1 Arrangement Adopted false
Non-Rule 10b5-1 Arrangement Adopted false
Rule 10b5-1 Arrangement Terminated false
Non-Rule 10b5-1 Arrangement Terminated false
v3.24.0.1
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Policies)
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2023
Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements [Abstract]  
Principles of Consolidation
Principles of Consolidation

The accompanying consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Columbia Financial, Inc., its wholly-owned subsidiaries, Columbia Bank ("Columbia"), Freehold Bank ("Freehold"), and Columbia's wholly-owned subsidiaries, Columbia Investment Services, Inc., 2500 Broadway Corp., 1901 Residential Management Co. LLC, First Jersey Title Services, Inc., 1901 Commercial Management Co. LLC, Stewardship Realty LLC, CSB Realty Corp., and RSI Insurance Agency, Inc., (collectively, the “Company”). The accounts of the MHC are not consolidated in the consolidated financial statements of the Company. In consolidation, all intercompany accounts and transactions are eliminated. Certain reclassifications have been made in the consolidated financial statements to conform with current year classifications.
The Company also owns 100% of the common stock of Stewardship Statutory Trust I, which is a trust incorporated in Delaware which was also acquired in the Company's merger with Stewardship in November 2019. In accordance with ASC Topic 810, Consolidation, this Trust was classified as a variable interest entity and did not satisfy the conditions for consolidation. Accordingly, this Trust, which owns $7.0 million of trust preferred securities, which represents 100% of the assets, is treated as an unconsolidated subsidiary.
Basis of Financial Statement Presentation
Basis of Financial Statement Presentation

The consolidated financial statements of the Company have been prepared in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”), including the elimination of all significant intercompany accounts and transactions during consolidation. In preparing the consolidated financial statements, management is required to make estimates, significant judgments and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities as of the dates of the Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition and Consolidated Statements of Income for the periods presented. Actual results could differ from these judgments and estimates under different conditions, resulting in a change that could have a material impact on the carrying values of our assets and liabilities and our results of operations. Material estimates that involve significant judgements and assumptions that are particularly susceptible to change are the determination of the adequacy of the allowance for credit losses, evaluation of goodwill for impairment, evaluation of other-than-temporary impairment on securities, evaluation of the need for valuation allowances on deferred tax assets, and determination of liabilities related to retirement and other post-retirement benefits. These estimates, significant judgements and assumptions are evaluated on an ongoing basis and are adjusted when facts and circumstances dictate. Illiquid credit markets, volatile securities markets, and declines in the housing market and the economy generally have combined to increase the uncertainty inherent in such estimates and assumptions. Changes in estimates resulting from continuing changes in the economic environment will be reflected in the consolidated financial statements in future periods.
Cash and Cash Equivalents
Cash and Cash Equivalents

Cash and cash equivalents include cash on hand, amounts due from banks, interest-bearing deposits at other financial institutions and short-term investments.
Securities
Securities

Securities are classified as available for sale and held to maturity. Management determines the appropriate classification of securities at the time of purchase. Securities that management has the positive intent and ability to hold to maturity are classified as held to maturity and reported at amortized cost. Securities not classified as held to maturity are classified as available for sale and carried at estimated fair value, with unrealized holding gains or losses, net of taxes, reported as a separate component of accumulated other comprehensive income or loss ("OCI") included in stockholders' equity.

Effective January 1, 2022, the Company adopted the provisions of ASC 326 and modified its accounting policy for the assessment of available for sale securities for impairment. Under ASC 326 for available for sale securities, the Company first assesses whether a loss is from credit or other factors and considers the extent to which fair value is less than amortized cost, any changes to the rating of the security by a rating agency and adverse conditions related to the security, among other factors. If this assessment indicates that a credit loss exists, the present value of cash flows expected to be collected from the security are compared to the amortized cost basis of the security. If the present value of cash flows is less than the amortized cost, a credit loss would be recorded through an allowance for credit losses, limited by the amount that the fair value is less than the amortized cost basis.

The fair values of these securities are based on market quotations or matrix pricing as discussed in note 17. The Company evaluates securities for other-than-temporary impairment at each reporting period and more frequently when economic or market conditions warrant such evaluation. In this evaluation, if such declines were deemed other-than temporary, management would measure the total credit-related component of the unrealized loss and recognize that portion of the loss as a charge to current period earnings. The remaining portion of the unrealized loss would be recognized as an adjustment to OCI. The fair value of the securities portfolio is significantly affected by changes in interest rates. In general, as interest rates rise, the fair value of fixed-rate securities decreases and as interest rates fall, the fair value of fixed-rate securities increases. The Company determines if it has the intent to sell securities or if it more likely than not that the Company would be required to sell the securities before the anticipated recovery. If either exists, the decline in value is considered other-than-temporary and would be recognized in current period earnings.
    
Premiums and discounts on securities are generally amortized and accreted to income over the contractual lives of the securities using the level-yield method. Premiums on callable securities are amortized to the earliest call date. Dividend and interest income are recognized when earned. Realized gains and losses are recognized when securities are sold or called based on the specific identification method.

In the ordinary course of business, securities are pledged as collateral in conjunction with the Company’s borrowings, lines of credit, and public funds on deposit.
Federal Home Loan Bank Stock
Federal Home Loan Bank Stock

The Banks, as members of the Federal Home Loan Bank of New York (the "FHLB"), are required to hold shares of capital stock of the FHLB based on its activities, primarily its outstanding borrowings. The investment is carried at cost, or par value, which approximates fair value. Cash dividends are reported as income.
Loans Held-for-Sale
Loans Held-for-Sale
Loans held-for-sale consists of loans intended for sale in the secondary market. These loans are carried at the lower of cost or estimated fair value, less costs to sell, as determined on an individual loan basis. Net unrealized losses, if any, are recognized in a valuation allowance through a charge to earnings. Origination fees and costs on loans held-for-sale are deferred and recognized on settlement dates as a component of the gain or loss on sale. Loans held-for-sale are generally sold with loan servicing rights retained by Columbia Bank.
Loans Receivable and Purchased Credit-Deteriorated ("PCD") Loans
Loans Receivable

Loans receivable are carried at unpaid principal balances adjusted by unamortized premiums and unearned discounts, net deferred origination fees and costs, purchase accounting fair value adjustments and the allowance for credit losses. The Company defers loan origination fees and certain direct loan origination costs and accretes such amounts as an adjustment to the yield over the expected lives of the related loans using the level-yield method. Interest income on loans is accrued on unpaid principal balances and credited to income as earned. Premiums and discounts on loans purchased are amortized or accreted as an adjustment to yield over the contractual lives of the related loans using methodologies which approximate the level-yield method.

A loan is considered delinquent when payment has not been received within 30 days of its contractual due date. Generally, a loan in designated as a non-accrual loan when the payment of interest is 90 days or more in arrears of its contractual due date. When a loan is placed on non-accrual status, any interest accrued but not received is reversed against interest income. Payments received on a non-accrual loan are either applied to the outstanding principal balance or recorded as interest income, depending on an assessment of the ability to collect the loan. Non-accruing loans are returned to accrual status after there has been a sustained period of repayment performance (generally six consecutive months of payments) and both principal and interest are deemed collectible. The Company identifies loans that may need to be charged-off as a loss, by reviewing all delinquent loans, classified loans and other loans that management may have concerns about collectability.

On a case-by-case basis, the Company may evaluate individual loans for which it is probable, based on current information, that the Company will not collect all amounts due under the contractual terms of the loan agreement. The Company considers the population of loans in its analysis to include all multifamily and commercial real estate, construction, and commercial business loans with an outstanding balance greater than $500,000 and not accruing interest, and loan modifications. The Company also considers residential real estate, and home equity loans and advances that are not accruing or modified. Other loans may be included in the population of loans to be evaluated if management has specific information of a collateral shortfall. Loans individually analyzed are measured based on the present value of expected future cash flows discounted at the loan's effective interest rate or, as a practical expedient, at the loan's observable market price or the fair value of the collateral if the loan is collateral dependent. Payments received on individually analyzed loans are recognized on a cash basis.

Purchased Credit-Deteriorated ("PCD") Loans

Loans acquired in a business combination that have experienced more-than-insignificant deterioration in credit quality since origination are considered purchased with credit deterioration (“PCD”) loans. The Company evaluated acquired loans for deterioration in credit quality based on any of, but not limited to, the following: (1) non-accrual status; (2) previously a troubled debt restructured designation; (3) risk ratings of special mention, substandard or doubtful; and (4) delinquency status. At the acquisition date, an estimate of expected credit losses was made for groups of PCD loans with similar risk characteristics and individual PCD loans without similar risk characteristics. This initial allowance for credit losses is allocated to individual PCD loans and added to the purchase price or acquisition date fair values to establish the initial amortized cost basis of the PCD loans. As the initial allowance for credit losses is added to the purchase price, there is no credit loss expense recognized upon acquisition of a PCD loan. Any difference between the unpaid principal balance of PCD loans and the amortized cost basis is considered to relate to noncredit factors and results in a discount or premium.

Discounts and premiums are recognized through interest income on a level-yield method over the life of the loans. For acquired loans not deemed PCD at acquisition, the differences between the initial fair value and the unpaid principal balance are recognized as interest income on a level-yield basis over the lives of the related loans. At the acquisition date, an initial allowance for expected credit losses is estimated and recorded as credit loss expense.
On January 1, 2022, the Company adopted CECL (ASC Topic 326), which replaced the historical incurred loss methodology with an expected loss methodology. The loan portfolio segmentation was expanded to seven portfolio segments taking into consideration common loan attributes and risk characteristics, as well as historical reporting metrics and data availability. The Company made an accounting policy election to exclude accrued interest receivable from the amortized cost basis of loans receivable. Accrued interest receivable on loans receivable is reported as a component of accrued interest receivable in the Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition, which totaled $32.9 million and $29.4 million at December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively and is excluded from the estimate of credit losses. Refer to note 2, Summary of Significant Accounting Policies for additional information on the adoption of Topic 326 and CECL methodology.

The allowance for credit losses on loans ("ACL") is established through the provision for credit losses that are charged to income, which is based upon an evaluation of estimated losses in the current loan portfolio, including the evaluation of individually analyzed loans. Charge-offs against the ACL are taken on loans where management determines that the collection of loan principal and interest is unlikely. Recoveries made on loans that have been charged-off are credited to the ACL. Although we believe we have established and maintained the ACL on loans at appropriate levels, changes in reserves may be necessary if actual economic and other conditions differ substantially from the forecast used in estimating the ACL.
Allowance for Credit Losses on Loans Receivable and on Unfunded Commitments and Modification of Loans ("Modifications")
Allowance for Credit Losses on Loans Receivable

The determination of the allowance for credit losses (“ACL”) on loans is considered a critical accounting estimate by management because of the high degree of judgment involved in determining qualitative loss factors, the subjectivity of the assumptions used, and the potential for changes in the forecasted economic environment The ACL is maintained at a level management considers adequate to provide for estimated losses and impairment based upon an evaluation of known and inherent risk in the loan portfolio. The ACL consists of two elements: (1) identification of loans that must be individually analyzed for impairment and (2) establishment of an ACL for loans collectively analyzed.

Management estimates the ACL using relevant and reliable information from internal and external sources, related to past events, current conditions, and a reasonable and supportable forecast. Historical credit loss experience for both the Company and its segment-specific peers provides the basis for the estimate of expected credit losses. Credit losses over a defined period are converted to PD rate curves through the use of segment-specific LGD risk factors that convert default rates to loss severity based on industry-level, observed relationships between the two variables for each segment, primarily due to the nature of the underlying collateral. These risk factors were assessed for reasonableness against the Company’s own loss experience and adjusted in certain cases when the relationship between the Company’s historical default and loss severity deviate from that of the wider industry. The historical PD curves, together with corresponding economic conditions, establish a quantitative relationship between economic conditions and loan performance through an economic cycle.

Portfolio segments are defined as the level at which an entity develops and documents a systematic methodology to determine its allowance for credit losses. Management developed segments for estimating losses based on the type of borrower and collateral which is generally based upon federal call report segmentation. The segments have been combined or sub-segments have been added as needed to ensure loans of similar risk profiles are appropriately pooled.

We maintain a loan review system that provides a periodic review of the loan portfolio and the identification of individually analyzed loans. The ACL for individually analyzed loans is based on the fair value of collateral or cash flows. While management uses the best information available to make such evaluations, future adjustments to the allowance may be necessary if economic conditions differ substantially from the assumptions used in making the evaluations.

The ACL quantitative allowance for each segment is measured using a discounted cash flow methodology incorporating an econometric, probability of default (“PD”) and loss given default (“LGD”) with distinct segment-specific multi-variate regression models applied. Expected credit losses are estimated over the life of the loans by measuring the difference between the net present value of modeled cash flows and amortized cost basis. Contractual cash flows over the contractual life of the loans are the basis for the modeled cash flows, adjusted for model defaults and expected prepayments and discounted at the loan-level effective interest rate. The contractual term excludes expected extensions, renewals, and modifications.

Management estimates the ACL using relevant and reliable information from internal and external sources, related to past events, current conditions, and a reasonable and supportable forecast. Historical credit loss experience for both the Company and its segment-specific peers provides the basis for the estimate of expected credit losses. Credit losses over a defined period are converted to PD rate curves through the use of segment-specific LGD risk factors that convert default rates to loss severity based on industry-level, observed relationships between the two variables for each segment, primarily due to the nature of the underlying collateral. These risk factors were assessed for reasonableness against the Company’s own loss experience and adjusted in certain cases when the relationship between the Company’s historical default and loss severity deviate from that of the wider industry. The historical PD curves, together with corresponding economic conditions, establish a quantitative relationship between economic conditions and loan performance through an economic cycle.

Using the historical relationship between economic conditions and loan performance, management’s expectation of future loan performance is incorporated using a single economic forecast of macroeconomic variables (i.e., unemployment, gross domestic product, vacancy, and home price index). This forecast is applied over a period that management has determined to be reasonable and supportable. Beyond the period over which management can develop or source a reasonable and supportable forecast, the model reverts to long-term average historical loss rates using a straight-line, time-based methodology. The Company's current forecast period is six quarters, with a four-quarter reversion period to long-term average historical loss rates.

After quantitative considerations, management applies additional qualitative adjustments that consider the expected impact of certain factors not fully captured in the quantitative reserve. Qualitative adjustments include but are not limited to concentrations of large loan balances, delinquency trends, change in collateral values within segments, and other considerations.
(2)    Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (continued)

Allowance for Credit Losses on Loans Receivable (continued)

The ACL is established through the provision for credit losses that are charged to income, which is based upon an evaluation of estimated losses in the current loan portfolio, including the evaluation of individually analyzed loans. Charge-offs against the ACL are taken on loans where management determines that the collection of loan principal and interest is unlikely. Recoveries made on loans that have been charged-off are credited to the ACL. Although we believe we have established and maintained the ACL on loans at appropriate levels, changes in reserves may be necessary if actual economic and other conditions differ substantially from the forecast used in estimating the ACL.

Our financial results are affected by the changes in and the level of the ACL. This process involves our analysis of internal and external variables, and it requires that we exercise judgment to estimate an appropriate ACL. As a result of the uncertainty associated with this subjectivity, we cannot assure the precision of the amount reserved, should we experience sizable loan losses in any particular period and/or significant changes in assumptions or economic condition. We believe the primary risks inherent in the portfolio are a general decline in the economy, a decline in real estate market values, rising unemployment, increasing vacancy rates, and increases in interest rates in the absence of economic improvement or any other such factors. Any one or a combination of these events may adversely affect a borrower's ability to repay its loan, resulting in increased delinquencies and loan losses. Accordingly, we have recorded loan credit losses at a level which is estimated to represent the current risk in its loan portfolio.

Most of our non-performing assets are collateral dependent loans which are written down to the fair value of the collateral less estimated costs to sell. We continue to assess the collateral of these loans and update our appraisals on these loans on an annual basis. To the extent the property values decline, there could be additional losses on these non-performing assets, which may be material. Management considered these market conditions in deriving the estimated ACL. Should economic difficulties occur, the ultimate amount of loss could vary from our current estimate.

Allowance for Credit Losses on Unfunded Commitments

The Company is required to include unfunded commitments that are expected to be funded in the future within the allowance for credit loss calculation, other than those that are unconditionally cancellable. To arrive at that reserve, the reserve percentage for each applicable segment is applied to the unused portion of the expected commitment balance and is multiplied by the expected funding rate. To determine the expected funding rate, the Company uses a historical utilization rate for each segment. The allowance for credit losses for off-balance-sheet exposures is reported in other liabilities in the Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition. The liability represents an estimate of expected credit losses arising from off-balance-sheet exposures such as unfunded commitments.

Modification of Loans ("Modifications")

On January 1, 2023, the Company adopted ASU 2022-02, Financial Instruments - Credit Losses (Topic 326): Troubled Debt Restructurings and Vintage Disclosures which eliminated the accounting guidance for troubled debt restructurings ("TDR's") while enhancing disclosure requirements for certain loan refinancing and restructuring by creditors when a borrower is experiencing financial difficulty. This guidance was applied on a prospective basis.

Modifications made to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty may include principal or interest forgiveness, forbearance, interest rate reductions, term extensions, or a combination of these events intended to minimize economic loss and avoid foreclosure or repossession of collateral.

The Company evaluates whether the modifications represent a new loan or a continuation of an existing loan. A modification or refinancing results in a new loan if the terms of the new loan are at least favorable to the Company and customers with similar collection risks who are not refinancing or restructuring their loan, and the modification to the terms of the loan are deemed to be more than minor. A modification is considered to be more than minor if the difference between the present value of the cash flows of the new obligation and the remaining cash flows of the original obligation, both discounted using the effective interest rate of the original debt, is 10% or greater.

If a modification does not meet the definition of a new loan, the modified loan will be treated as a continuation of the existing loan and all unamortized net fees and/or costs, and any prepayment penalties will be carried forward as part of the net new loan balance.
(2)    Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (continued)

Modification of Loans ("Modifications") (Continued)

Modified loans that were accruing prior to their modification where income was reasonably assured subsequent to the modification, maintain their accrual status. Modified loans for which collectability was not reasonably assured, are placed on non-accrual status, interest accruals cease, and uncollected accrued interest is reversed and charged against current income. Non-accruing modified loans may be returned to accrual status when there is a sustained period of repayment performance (generally six consecutive months of payments), and both principal and interest are deemed collectible.
Loans Sold and Serviced
Loans Sold and Serviced

The Company has entered into guarantor swaps with Freddie Mac which results in improved liquidity. In these types of transactions, the Company sells mortgage loans in exchange for Freddie Mac Mortgage Participation Certificates backed exclusively by the loans sold. The Company retains the servicing of these loans. The Company also periodically sells loans to investors and continues to service such loans for a fee. Gains or losses on the sale of loans are recorded on trade date using the specific-identification method.
Office Properties and Equipment
Office Properties and Equipment
Land is carried at cost. Office properties, land and building improvements, furniture and equipment, and leasehold improvements are carried at cost, less accumulated depreciation and amortization. Depreciation and amortization of office properties and equipment is computed on a straight-line basis over their estimated useful lives (generally 40 years for buildings, 10 years to 20 years for land and building improvements, 3 years to 10 years for furniture and equipment). Leasehold improvements, carried at cost, net of accumulated depreciation, are amortized over the terms of the related leases or the estimated useful lives of the assets, whichever is shorter. Major improvements are capitalized, while repairs and maintenance costs are charged to expense as incurred. Upon retirement or sale, any gain or loss is recognized as incurred.
Bank-owned Life Insurance
Bank-owned Life Insurance ("BOLI")
Bank-owned life insurance is accounted for using the cash surrender value method and is recorded at its net realizable value. The change in the net asset value is recorded as a component of non-interest income. A deferred liability has been recorded for the estimated cost of post-retirement life insurance benefits accruing to applicable employees and directors covered by an endorsement split-dollar life insurance arrangement.
Goodwill and Intangible Assets
Goodwill and Intangible Assets

Intangible assets of the Company consist of goodwill, core deposit intangibles and mortgage servicing rights. Goodwill represents the excess of the purchase price over the fair value of net assets acquired in purchase acquisitions. In accordance with GAAP, goodwill with an indefinite useful life is not amortized, but is evaluated for impairment on an annual basis, or more frequently if events or changes in circumstances indicate potential impairment between annual measurement dates. As permitted by GAAP, the Company prepares a qualitative assessment in determining whether goodwill may be impaired. The factors considered in the assessment include macroeconomic conditions, industry and market conditions and overall financial performance of the Company, among others. The Company completed its annual goodwill impairment test as of December 31, 2023, based upon its qualitative assessment of goodwill and concluded that goodwill was not impaired and no further quantitative analysis was warranted.

Core deposit intangibles represent the intangible value of depositor relationships acquired by the Company through purchase acquisitions of Stewardship, Freehold and RSI. The premiums ascribed to these deposits are amortized over their estimated useful lives.

Mortgage servicing rights are recorded when purchased or when originated mortgage loans are sold, with servicing rights retained. Mortgage servicing rights are amortized on an accelerated method based upon the estimated lives of the related loans, and generally adjusted for prepayments. Mortgage servicing rights are carried at the lower of amortized cost or fair value.
Leases
Leases

The Company determines if an arrangement is a lease at inception. The Company's leases primarily relate to real estate property for branches and office space. All the Company's leases are classified as operating leases and the related right-of-use asset ("ROU") and lease liability are included in other assets and other liabilities, respectively on the Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition.

ROU assets represent the Company’s right to use an underlying asset for the lease term, and lease liabilities represent the Company’s obligation to make lease payments arising from the lease arrangements. The calculated amounts of the ROU asset and lease liabilities are impacted by the length of the lease term and the discount rate used to calculate the present value of minimum lease payments. As the Company's leases do not provide an implicit rate, the discount rate used in determining the lease liability for each individual lease is the Company's incremental borrowing rate. The present value of the lease liability may include the impact of options to extend or terminate the lease when it is reasonably certain that the Company will exercise such options provided in the lease terms. Lease expense is recognized on a straight-line basis over the expected lease term, while variable lease payments are recognized as incurred. Lease agreements that include lease and non-lease components, such as common area maintenance charges, are accounted for separately.
Post-retirement Benefits
Post-retirement Benefits

The Company provides certain health care and life insurance benefits to eligible retired employees under a Post-retirement Plan. The Company accrues the cost of retiree health care and other benefits during the employee's period of active service. Effective January 1, 2019, the Post-retirement Plan has been closed to new hires.

Through the acquisition of the RSI Entities, the Company acquired a non-funded Post-retirement plan. This defined benefit post-retirement healthcare plan covers substantially all retirees and employees.
Employee Benefits Plans
Employee Benefit Plans

The Company maintains a single employer, tax-qualified defined benefit pension plan (the "Pension Plan") which covers full-time employees that satisfy the Pension Plan's eligibility requirements. The benefits are based on years of service and the employee's average compensation for the highest five consecutive years of employment. Effective October 1, 2018, newly hired employees are not eligible to participate in the Pension Plan as the Pension Plan has been closed to new employees as of that date.

The policy is to fund at least the minimum contribution required by the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974. GAAP requires an employer to: (a) recognize in its statement of financial position the over-funded or under-funded status of a defined benefit post-retirement plan measured as the difference between the fair value of plan assets and the benefit obligation; (b) measure a plan’s assets and its obligations that determine its funded status at the end of the employer’s fiscal year (with limited exceptions); and (c) recognize as a component of other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax, the actuarial gains and losses and the prior service costs and credits that arise during the period. The assets of the plan are primarily invested in fixed income and equity funds.

Through the acquisition of the RSI Entities on May 1, 2022, the Company acquired a funded pension plan. The benefits are based on years of service and the employee’s compensation, as defined. The Plan was amended effective March 31, 2011, to freeze the Plan so that no employee shall commence or recommence participation in the Plan, that there shall be no further benefit accruals under the Plan, and that compensation received after the effective date shall not be recognized for any purpose under the Plan. Effective September 30, 2023, the RSI Pension Plan was merged into the Columbia Bank Pension Plan.

The Company also maintains a Retirement Income Maintenance Plan (the "RIM Plan") which is a non-qualified defined benefit plan which provides benefits to all employees of the Company if their benefits under the Pension Plan are limited by Internal Revenue Code Sections 415 and 401(a)(17).    

Columbia Bank and Freehold Bank each have a 401(k) plan covering substantially all employees. Columbia Bank may match a percentage of the first 3.00% to 4.50% contributed by participants. Columbia's matching contribution, if any, is determined by their Board of Directors in its sole discretion. Freehold does not presently match any portion of employee contribution but may provide an annual match determined by their Board of Directors in its sole discretion.
(2)    Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (continued)

Employee Benefit Plans (continued)

Columbia Bank has an Employee Stock Ownership Plan ("ESOP"). The funds borrowed by the ESOP from the Company to purchase the Company's common stock are being repaid from Columbia Bank's contributions over a period of 20 years. The Company's common stock not allocated to participants is recorded as a reduction of stockholders' equity at cost. Compensation expense for the ESOP is based on the average price of the Company's stock and the amount of shares committed to be allocated during each period.

Columbia Bank has a Supplemental Executive Retirement Plan ("SERP"). The SERP is a non-qualified plan which provides supplemental retirement benefits to eligible officers (those designated by the Board of Directors) of the Company who are prevented from receiving the full benefits contemplated by the ESOP's benefit formulas under tax law limits for tax-qualified plans. In addition, the Company maintains a stock based deferral plan (the "Stock Based Deferral Plan") for certain executives and directors. The Company records a deferred compensation equity account and corresponding contra-equity account for the cost of the shares held by the Stock Based Deferral and SERP Plans.

Columbia Bank also maintains a non-qualified savings income maintenance deferred compensation plan (the "SIM Plan") that provides supplemental benefits to certain executives who are prevented from receiving the full benefits contemplated by the 401(k) Plan under tax law limits for tax-qualified plans, and a Deferred Compensation Plan for directors.

Freehold Bank also sponsors a directors retirement plan, a director and executive deferred compensation plan, and a supplemental executive retirement plan for certain current and former directors and officers of the Bank.
Through the acquisition of the RSI Entities, the Company also acquired an executive incentive retirement plan, a board of director and executive deferred compensation plan, a supplemental executive retirement plan, a key life insurance plan and a split-dollar life insurance plan for certain current and former directors and officers of the Bank.
Derivatives
Derivatives

The Company uses derivative financial instruments as components of its market risk management, principally to manage interest rate risk. Certain derivatives are entered into in connection with transactions with commercial customers. Derivatives are not used for speculative purposes. All derivatives are recognized as either assets or liabilities in the Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition, reported at fair value and presented on a gross basis. Until a derivative is settled, a favorable change in fair value results in an unrealized gain that is recognized as an asset, while an unfavorable change in fair value results in an unrealized loss that is recognized as a liability.

The Company generally applies hedge accounting to its derivatives used for market risk management purposes. Hedge accounting is permitted only if specific criteria are met, including a requirement that a highly effective relationship exists between the derivative instrument and the hedged item, both at inception of the hedge and on an ongoing basis. Changes in the fair value of effective fair value hedges are recognized in current earnings (with the change in fair value of the hedged asset or liability also recognized in earnings). Changes in the fair value of effective cash flow hedges are recognized in other comprehensive income (loss) until earnings are affected by the variability in cash flows of the designated hedged item. Ineffective portions of hedge results are recognized in current earnings. Changes in the fair value of derivatives for which hedge accounting is not applied are recognized in current earnings.

The Company formally documents at inception all relationships between the derivative instruments and the hedged items, as well as its risk management objectives and strategies for undertaking the hedge transactions. This process includes linking all derivatives that are designated as hedges to specific assets and liabilities, or to specific firm commitments. The Company also formally assesses, both at inception of the hedge and on an ongoing basis, whether the derivatives that are used in hedging transactions are highly effective in offsetting changes in the fair values or cash flows of the hedged items. If it is determined that a derivative is not highly effective or has ceased to be a highly effective hedge, the Company would discontinue hedge accounting prospectively. Gains or losses resulting from the termination of a derivative accounted for as a cash flow hedge remain in other comprehensive income (loss) and is (accreted) amortized to earnings over the remaining period of the former hedging relationship.
(2)    Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (continued)

Derivatives (continued)

Certain derivative financial instruments are offered to certain commercial banking customers to manage their risk of exposure and risk management strategies. These derivative instruments consist primarily of currency forward contracts and interest rate swap contracts. The risks associated with these transactions is mitigated by simultaneously entering into similar transactions having essentially offsetting terms with a third-party. In addition, the Company executes interest rate swaps with third parties in order to hedge the interest rate risk of short-term FHLB advances.
Income Taxes
Income Taxes

The Company and its subsidiaries file consolidated federal income tax returns. Federal income taxes are allocated to each entity based on their respective contributions to taxable income of the consolidated income tax returns. Separate state income taxes are filed for the Company and its subsidiaries on either a consolidated or unconsolidated basis as required by each jurisdiction.

The Company records income taxes in accordance with ASC Topic 740, Income Taxes, using the asset and liability method. Federal and state income taxes have been provided on the basis of the Company's income or loss as reported in accordance with GAAP. The amounts reflected on the Company's federal and state income tax returns differ from these provisions due principally to temporary differences in the reporting of certain items for consolidated financial statement reporting and income tax reporting purposes. Accordingly, deferred tax assets and liabilities: (i) are recognized for the estimated future tax consequences of events that have been recognized in the financial statements or tax returns; (ii) are attributable to differences between the financial statement carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax bases; and (iii) are measured using enacted tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in the years in which those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled. Where applicable, deferred tax assets are reduced by a valuation allowance for any portions determined not likely to be realized based on the nature and timing of these items. The effect on deferred tax assets and liabilities of a change in tax rates is recognized in income tax expense in the period that includes the enactment date. The valuation allowance is adjusted, by a charge or credit to income tax expense, as changes in facts and circumstances warrant.

The Company did not have any liabilities for uncertain tax positions or any known unrecognized tax benefits at December 31, 2023 and 2022. The Company policy is to recognize interest and penalties related to unrecognized tax benefits in income tax expense in the Consolidated Statements of Income. The Company did not recognize any interest and penalties during the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021.
On July 1, 2018, New Jersey enacted legislation which adds to the state’s 9.0% Corporation Business Tax rate (i) a 2.5% surtax for periods beginning in 2018 and 2019 and (ii) a 1.5% surtax for periods beginning in 2020 and 2021. Subsequently, on September 12, 2020, New Jersey enacted legislation that restored and extended the 2.5% Corporation Business Tax surcharge to apply retroactively from January 1, 2020 through December 31, 2023. These surtaxes apply to corporations with more than $1.0 million of net income allocated to New Jersey.
Comprehensive Income (Loss)
Comprehensive Income (Loss)
Comprehensive income (loss) consists of net income and other comprehensive income (loss). Other comprehensive income (loss) includes items recorded in equity, such as unrealized gains and losses on debt securities available for sale, the noncredit component of other than temporary impairment losses on debt securities, unrealized gains and losses on derivatives, and the unfunded status and reclassification of actuarial net (loss) gain associated with the Company's benefit plans. Comprehensive income is presented in a separate Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Income (Loss).
Segment Reporting
Segment Reporting

The Company’s operations are substantially in the financial services industry and include providing traditional banking and other financial services to its customers. The Company operates primarily in New Jersey. Management makes operating decisions and assesses performance based on an ongoing review of the Company’s consolidated financial results. Therefore, the Company has a single operating segment for financial reporting purposes.
Earnings Per Share
Earnings Per Share ("EPS")

Basic EPS is computed by dividing net income available to common shareholders by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the period. For purposes of calculating basic EPS, weighted average common shares outstanding excludes treasury stock, unallocated employee stock ownership plan shares that have not been committed for release and deferred compensation obligations required to be settled in shares of Company stock.
Diluted EPS is computed using the same method as basic EPS and reflects the potential dilution which could occur if stock options and unvested shares were exercised and converted into common stock. The potentially diluted shares would then be included in the weighted average number of shares outstanding for the period using the treasury stock method. Shares issued and reacquired during any period are weighted for the portion of the period that they were outstanding.
Stock Compensation Plans
Stock Compensation Plans

Compensation expense related to stock options and non-vested restricted stock awards is based on the fair value of the award on the measurement date with expense recognized on a straight line basis over the requisite performance or service period. The fair value of stock options is estimated utilizing the Black-Scholes option pricing model. The fair value of non-vested restricted stock awards is generally the closing market price of the Company's common stock on the date of grant. The Company accounts for forfeitures as they occur.
Accounting Pronouncements Adopted
Accounting Pronouncements Adopted

In March 2022, the FASB issued ASU 2022-01, Derivatives and Hedging (Topic 815): Fair Value Hedging – Portfolio Layer Method. The purpose of this updated guidance is to further align risk management objectives with hedge accounting results on the application of the last-of-layer method, which was first introduced in ASU 2017-12, Derivatives and Hedging (Topic 815): Targeted Improvements to Accounting for Hedging Activities. ASU 2022-01 is effective for public business entities for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2022, with early adoption in the interim period, permitted. For entities who have already adopted ASU 2017-12, immediate adoption is allowed. ASU 2022-01 requires a modified retrospective transition method for basis adjustments in which the entity will recognize the cumulative effect of the change on the opening balance of each affected component of equity in the statement of financial position as of the date of adoption. The Company adopted this ASU on January 1, 2023 on a prospective basis; therefore, there was no impact to the Company's consolidated financial statements.

In March 2022, the FASB issued ASU 2022-02, Financial Instruments-Credit Losses (Topic 326), Troubled Debt Restructurings and Vintage Disclosures. ASU 2022-02 addresses areas identified by the FASB as part of its post-implementation review of the credit losses standard (ASU 2016-13) that introduced the CECL model. The amendments eliminated the accounting guidance for troubled debt restructurings by creditors that have adopted the CECL model and enhanced the disclosure requirements for loan refinancing and restructurings made with borrowers experiencing financial difficulty. In addition, the amendments require a public business entity to disclose current period gross write-offs for financing receivables and net investment in leases by year of origination in the vintage disclosures. For entities that have adopted ASU 2016-13, this ASU is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2022, including interim periods within those fiscal years. The Company adopted this pronouncement effective January 1, 2023. The update was applied on a prospective basis to disclosures and did not have a significant impact on the Company's consolidated financial statements.

In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-13, Financial Instruments- Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments ("CECL"), further amended by ASU 2019-04, Codification Improvements to Topic 326, Financial Instruments-Credit Losses, Topic 815, Derivatives and Hedging, and Topic 825, Financial Instruments. Topic 326 pertains to the measurement of credit losses on financial instruments. This update requires the measurement of all expected credit losses for financial instruments held at the reporting date based on historical experience, current conditions, and reasonable and supportable forecasts. Financial institutions and other organizations will now use forward-looking information to better determine their credit loss estimates. This update is intended to improve financial reporting by requiring timelier recording of credit losses on loans and other financial instruments held by financial institutions and other organizations. This update was effective for financial statements issued for fiscal years and interim periods beginning after December 15, 2019.
(2)    Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (continued)

Accounting Pronouncements Adopted (continued

    The Company elected to defer the adoption of the CECL methodology until December 31, 2020 as permitted by the enacted Coronavirus Aid, Relief and Economic Security Act ("CARES Act"). In late December 2020, the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2021 was enacted, and extended certain provisions of the CARES Act, which allowed the Company to extend the adoption of CECL until January 1, 2022. The Company elected to extend its adoption of CECL in accordance with this legislation, and adopted the above mentioned ASUs related to Financial Instruments -Credit Losses (Topic 326) using a modified retrospective approach.
The Company adopted ASU 2016-13 on January 1, 2022 for all financial assets measured at amortized cost and off-balance- sheet credit exposures. Results for the year ended December 31, 2023 are presented under Accounting Standards Codification 326, Financial Instruments - Credit Losses, while prior period amounts continue to be reported with previously applicable GAAP and have not been restated. Effective January 1, 2022, the Company recorded a $12.1 million decrease in the allowance for credit losses on loans (previously allowance for loan losses), established a $353,000 allowance for credit losses on debt securities available for sale, and recorded a $5.5 million increase in the liability for off-balance-sheet credit exposures, which resulted in a total cumulative effect adjustment of $6.2 million, net of tax, and an increase to retained earnings.
Business Combinations Described below are the methods used to determine the fair values of the significant assets acquired and liabilities assumed in the Freehold and RSI acquisitions:
    Cash and cash equivalents. The estimated fair values of cash and cash equivalents approximate their stated face amounts, as these financial instruments are either due on demand or have short-term maturities.

Debt securities available for sale. The estimated fair values of the debt securities were calculated utilizing Level 2 inputs. The majority of the acquired securities were fixed income instruments that are not quoted on an exchange but are traded in active markets. The prices for these instruments are obtained through an independent pricing service when available, or dealer market participants with whom the Company has historically transacted with for both purchases and sales of securities. The prices are derived from market quotations and matrix pricing. The fair value measurements consider observable data that may include dealer quotes, market spreads, cash flows, the U.S. Treasury yield curve, and the bond's terms and conditions, among other things. Management reviewed the data and assumptions used in pricing securities by its third-party provider to ensure the highest level of significant inputs are derived from market observable data.

Loans receivable. The acquired loan portfolio was segregated into pools for valuation purposes primarily based on loan type, non-accrual status, and credit risk rating. The estimated fair values were computed by discounting the expected cash flows from the respective pools. Cash flows were estimated by using valuation models that incorporated estimates of current key assumptions such as prepayment speeds, default rates, and loss severity rates. The process included: (1) projecting monthly principal and/or interest cash flows based on the contractual terms of the loans, including both maturity and contractual amortization; (2) adjusting projected cash flows for expected losses and prepayments, where appropriate; (3) developing a discount rate based on the relative risk of the cash flows, considering the loan type, liquidity risk, the maturity of the loans, servicing costs, and a required return on capital; and (4) discounting the projected cash flows to a present value, to arrive at the calculated value of the loans.

    The methods used to estimate the fair values of loans are extremely sensitive to the assumptions and estimates used. While management attempted to use assumptions and estimates that best reflected the acquired loan portfolios and current market conditions, a greater degree of subjectivity is inherent in the values than in those determined in active markets.

    Office properties and equipment, net. The fair value of land and buildings was estimated using current appraisals. Acquired equipment was not material. Buildings are amortized over their estimated useful lives. Equipment is amortized or depreciated over their estimated useful lives usually ranging from three to fifteen years.

Bank-owned life insurance. Bank-owned life insurance is accounted for using the cash surrender value method and is recorded at its net realizable value.

Goodwill. Goodwill is not amortized for book purposes: however, it is reviewed at least annually for impairment and is not deductible for tax purposes.

    Core deposit intangibles. Core deposit intangibles ("CDI") are the measure of the value of non-maturity deposits in a business combination. The fair value of the CDI was calculated utilizing the cost savings approach, the expected cost savings attributable to the core deposits funding relative to an alternative source of funding, using a discounted cash flow present value methodology. Key inputs and assumptions utilized in the discounted cash flow present value methodology include core deposit balances and rates paid, the cost of an additional funding source, the aggregate life of deposits and truncation points, non-interest deposit costs, and the immediate deposit outflow assumption.

    Deposits. The fair values of deposit liabilities with no stated maturity (i.e., non-interest-bearing and interest-bearing demand deposit accounts, money market and savings and club deposits) are equal to the carrying amounts payable on demand. The fair value of certificates of deposit represents contractual cash flows, discounted to present value using interest rates currently offered on deposits with similar characteristics and remaining maturities.
    
    Borrowings. The fair values of borrowings consisting of FHLB advances were estimated by discounting future cash flows using market discount rates for borrowings with similar characteristics, terms and remaining maturities.
Fair Value Measurements Debt Securities Available for Sale, at Fair Value
For debt securities available for sale, fair value was estimated using a market approach. The majority of these securities are fixed income instruments that are not quoted on an exchange but are traded in active markets. Prices for these instruments are obtained through third-party data service providers or dealer market participants with which the Company has historically transacted both purchases and sales of securities. Prices obtained from these sources include market quotations, matrix pricing and discounted cash flow pricing. Matrix pricing, a Level 2 input, is a mathematical technique used principally to value certain securities to a benchmark or to comparable securities. The Company evaluates the quality of Level 2 matrix pricing through comparison to similar assets with greater liquidity and evaluation of projected cash flows. Discounted cash flows, a Level 3 input, is estimated by discounting the expected future cash flows using the current rates for securities with similar credit ratings and similar remaining maturities. As the Company is responsible for the determination of fair value, it performs quarterly analysis on the prices received from the pricing service to determine whether the prices are reasonable estimates of fair value. Specifically, the Company compares the prices received from the pricing service to a secondary pricing source. Additionally, the Company compares changes in the reported market values and returns to relevant market indices to assess the reasonableness of the reported prices. The Company’s internal price verification procedures and review of fair value methodology documentation provided by independent pricing services has not historically resulted in an adjustment in the prices obtained from the pricing service. The Company may hold debt instruments issued by the U.S. government and U.S. government-sponsored agencies that are traded in active markets with readily accessible quoted market prices that are considered Level 1 inputs. The Company classifies the estimated fair value of its loan portfolio as Level 3.

Equity Securities, at Fair Value

The Company holds equity securities that are traded in active markets with readily accessible quoted market prices that are considered Level 1 inputs. A trust preferred security that is not traded in an active market and Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation ("FHLMC") and Federal National Mortgage Association ("FNMA") preferred stock, are considered Level 2 instruments. In addition, Level 2 instruments include Atlantic Community Bankers Bank ("ACBB") stock, which is based on redemption at par value and can only be sold to the issuing ACBB or another institution that holds ACBB stock.
(17)    Fair Value Measurements (continued)

Derivatives

The Company records all derivatives included in other assets and liabilities in the Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition at fair value. The accounting for changes in the fair value of derivatives depends on the intended use of the derivative, whether the Company has elected to designate a derivative in a hedging relationship and apply hedge accounting, and whether the hedging relationship has satisfied the criteria necessary to apply hedge accounting. See note 21 for disclosures related to the accounting treatment for derivatives.

The fair value of the Company's derivatives is determined using discounted cash flow analysis using observable market-based inputs, which are considered Level 2 inputs.
Individually Analyzed Collateral Dependent Loans/Impaired Loans

The fair value of collateral dependent loans that are individually analyzed or were previously deemed impaired is measured based on the present value of expected future cash flows discounted at the loan's effective interest rate or, as a practical expedient, at the loan's observable market price or the fair value of the collateral if the loan is collateral dependent. For individually analyzed loans measured for impairment based on the fair value of the underlying collateral, fair value was estimated using a market approach. The Company measures the fair value of collateral underlying impaired loans primarily through obtaining independent appraisals that rely upon quoted market prices for similar assets in active markets. These appraisals include adjustments, on an individual case-by-case basis, to comparable assets based on the appraisers’ market knowledge and experience, as well as adjustments for estimated costs to sell between 6% and 8%. For non-collateral dependent loans, management estimates fair value using discounted cash flows based on inputs that are largely unobservable. The Company classifies these loans as Level 3 within the fair value hierarchy.

Mortgage Servicing Rights, Net ("MSR"s")

Mortgage servicing rights are carried at the lower of cost or estimated fair value. The estimated fair value of MSRs is obtained through an analysis of future cash flows, incorporating assumptions that market participants would use in determining fair value including market discount rates, prepayments speeds, servicing income, servicing costs, default rates and other market driven data, including the market's perception of future interest rate movements. The prepayment speed and the discount rate are considered two of the most significant inputs in the model. A significant degree of judgment is involved in valuing the mortgage servicing rights using Level 3 inputs. The use of different assumptions could have a significant effect on this fair value estimate.
Other Fair Value Disclosures

The Company is required to disclose estimated fair value of financial instruments, both assets and liabilities on and off the balance sheet, for which it is practicable to estimate fair value. A description of the valuation methodologies used for those assets and liabilities not recorded at fair value on a recurring or non-recurring basis are set forth below.

Cash and Cash Equivalents

For cash and due from banks, federal funds sold and short-term investments, the carrying amount approximates fair value due to their nature and short-term maturities.
(17)    Fair Value Measurements (continued)

Debt Securities Held to Maturity

For debt securities held to maturity, fair value was estimated using a market approach. The majority of the Company’s securities are fixed income instruments that are not quoted on an exchange but are traded in active markets. Prices for these instruments are obtained through third-party data service providers or dealer market participants with which the Company has historically transacted both purchases and sales of securities. Prices obtained from these sources include market quotations and matrix pricing. Matrix pricing, a Level 2 input, is a mathematical technique used principally to value certain securities to benchmark or to compare securities. The Company evaluates the quality of Level 2 matrix pricing through comparison to similar assets with greater liquidity and evaluation of projected cash flows. As the Company is responsible for the determination of fair value, it performs quarterly analysis on the prices received from the pricing service to determine whether the prices are reasonable estimates of fair value. Specifically, the Company compares the prices received from the pricing service to a secondary pricing source. Additionally, the Company compares changes in the reported market values and returns to relevant market indices to assess the reasonableness of the reported prices. The Company’s internal price verification procedures and review of fair value methodology documentation provided by independent pricing services has not historically resulted in an adjustment in the prices obtained from the pricing service. The Company also holds debt instruments issued by the U.S. government and U.S. government sponsored agencies that are traded in active markets with readily accessible quoted market prices that are considered Level 1 inputs within the fair value hierarchy.

Federal Home Loan Bank Stock ("FHLB")

The fair value of FHLB stock is based on redemption at par value and can only be sold to the issuing FHLB, to other FHLBs, or to other member banks. As such, the Company's FHLB stock is recorded at cost, or par value, and is evaluated for impairment each reporting period by considering the ultimate recoverability of the investment rather than temporary declines in value. The Company classifies the estimated fair value as Level 2 within the fair value hierarchy.

Loans Receivable

Fair values are estimated for portfolios of loans with similar financial characteristics. Loans are segregated by type such as commercial mortgage, residential mortgage, commercial, construction, and consumer and other. Each loan category is further segmented into fixed and adjustable rate interest terms and into performing and non-performing categories.

The fair value of performing loans was estimated using a combination of techniques, including a discounted cash flow model that utilizes a discount rate that reflects the Company's current pricing for loans with similar characteristics and remaining maturity, adjusted by an amount for estimated credit losses inherent in the portfolio at the balance sheet date. The rates take into account the expected yield curve, as well as an adjustment for prepayment risk, when applicable. The Company classifies the estimated fair value of its loan portfolio as Level 3.

The fair value for significant non-performing loans was based on recent external appraisals of collateral securing such loans, adjusted for the timing of anticipated cash flows. The Company classifies the estimated fair value of its non-performing loan portfolio as Level 3.

Deposits

The fair value of deposits with no stated maturity, such as demand, money market, and savings and club deposits are payable on demand at each reporting date and classified as Level 2. The estimated fair value of certificates of deposit was based on the discounted value of contractual cash flows. The discount rate was estimated using the Company’s current rates offered for deposits with similar remaining maturities. The Company classifies the estimated fair value of its certificates of deposit portfolio as Level 2.

Borrowings

The fair value of borrowings was estimated by discounting future cash flows using rates available for debt with similar terms and maturities and is classified by the Company as Level 2 within the fair value hierarchy.
(17)    Fair Value Measurements (continued)

Commitments to Extend Credit and Letters of Credit

The fair value of commitments to extend credit and letters of credit was estimated using the fees currently charged to enter into similar agreements, taking into account the remaining terms of the agreements and the present creditworthiness of the counter-parties. For fixed rate loan commitments, fair value also considers the difference between current levels of interest rates and the committed rates. The fair value estimates of commitments to extend credit and letters of credit are deemed immaterial.
Limitations

Fair value estimates are made at a specific point in time, based on relevant market information and information about the financial instrument. These estimates do not reflect any premium or discount that could result from offering for sale at one time the Company’s entire holdings of a particular financial instrument. Because limited markets exist for a significant portion of the Company’s financial instruments, fair value estimates are based on judgments regarding future expected loss experience, current economic conditions, risk characteristics of various financial instruments, and other factors. These estimates are subjective in nature and involve uncertainties and matters of significant judgment and, therefore, cannot be determined with precision. Changes in assumptions could significantly affect the estimates.
Fair value estimates are based on existing on and off-balance-sheet financial instruments without attempting to estimate the value of anticipated future business and the value of assets and liabilities that are not considered financial instruments. Other significant assets and liabilities that are not considered financial assets or liabilities include goodwill and intangible assets, deferred tax assets and liabilities, office properties and equipment, and bank-owned life insurance.
v3.24.0.1
Acquisitions (Tables)
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2023
Business Combinations [Abstract]  
Schedule of recognized identified assets acquired and liabilities assumed
The following table sets forth assets acquired, and liabilities assumed in the acquisition of Freehold Entities, at their estimated fair values as of the closing date of the transaction:
December 1, 2021
Assets acquired:(In thousands)
Cash and cash equivalents$20,417 
Debt securities available for sale118,017 
Federal Home Loan Bank stock3,032 
Loans receivable158,912 
Accrued interest receivable867 
Office properties and equipment, net5,934 
Bank-owned life insurance8,661 
Deferred tax assets, net454 
Core deposit intangibles42 
Other assets162 
Total assets acquired$316,498 
Liabilities assumed:
Deposits$210,117 
Borrowings59,908 
Advance payments by borrowers for taxes and insurance495 
Accrued expenses and other liabilities4,822 
Total liabilities assumed$275,342 
Net assets acquired$41,156 
Fair market value of stock issued to Columbia Bank MHC for purchase47,260 
Goodwill recorded at merger $6,104 
The following table sets forth assets acquired, and liabilities assumed in the acquisition of the RSI Entities, at their estimated
fair values as of the closing date of the transaction:

May 1, 2022
Assets acquired:(In thousands)
Cash and cash equivalents$140,769 
Debt securities available for sale79,024 
Equity securities1,075 
Federal Home Loan Bank stock906 
Loans receivable335,501 
Accrued interest receivable910 
Office properties and equipment, net7,296 
Bank-owned life insurance13,033 
Deferred tax assets, net3,633 
Core deposit intangibles10,271 
Other assets2,723 
Total assets acquired$595,141 
Liabilities assumed:
Deposits$502,732 
Borrowings5,762 
Advance payments by borrowers for taxes and insurance1,341 
Accrued expenses and other liabilities10,568 
Total liabilities assumed$520,403 
Net assets acquired$74,738 
Fair market value of stock issued to Columbia Bank MHC for purchase102,741 
Goodwill recorded at merger $28,003 
v3.24.0.1
Debt Securities Available for Sale (Tables)
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2023
Investments, Debt and Equity Securities [Abstract]  
Debt securities, available-for-sale Debt securities available for sale at December 31, 2023 and 2022 are summarized as follows:
December 31, 2023
Amortized CostGross Unrealized GainsGross Unrealized (Losses)Fair Value
(In thousands)
U.S. government and agency obligations$146,387 $924 $(1,810)$145,501 
Mortgage-backed securities and collateralized mortgage obligations1,009,508 20 (141,943)867,585 
Municipal obligations2,770 — (68)2,702 
Corporate debt securities92,565 (14,798)77,769 
$1,251,230 $946 $(158,619)$1,093,557 

December 31, 2022
Amortized CostGross Unrealized GainsGross Unrealized (Losses)Fair Value
(In thousands)
U.S. government and agency obligations$67,771 $— $(4,205)$63,566 
Mortgage-backed securities and collateralized mortgage obligations1,351,929 135 (170,337)1,181,727 
Municipal obligations3,697 — (122)3,575 
Corporate debt securities92,544 (12,784)79,766 
$1,515,941 $141 $(187,448)$1,328,634 
Investments classified by contractual maturity date The amortized cost and fair value of debt securities available for sale at December 31, 2023, by contractual final maturity, is shown below. Expected maturities may differ from contractual maturities due to prepayment or early call options exercised by the issuer.
December 31, 2023
Amortized CostFair Value
(In thousands)
One year or less$50,854 $50,924 
More than one year to five years122,038 119,556 
More than five years to ten years68,830 55,492 
$241,722 $225,972 
Mortgage-backed securities and collateralized mortgage obligations1,009,508 867,585 
$1,251,230 $1,093,557 
Expected maturities may differ from contractual maturities due to prepayment or early call options exercised by the issuer.
December 31, 2023
Amortized CostFair Value
(In thousands)
More than one year to five years$29,875 $27,723 
More than five years to ten years9,996 8,661 
More than ten years10,000 7,585 
49,871 43,969 
Mortgage-backed securities and collateralized mortgage obligations351,283 313,208 
$401,154 $357,177 
Debt securities, available-for-sale, unrealized loss position, fair value
The following tables summarize the fair value and gross unrealized losses of those securities that reported an unrealized loss at December 31, 2023 and 2022 and if the unrealized loss position was continuous for the twelve months prior to those respective dates:
December 31, 2023
Less Than 12 Months12 Months or LongerTotal
Fair ValueGross Unrealized (Losses)Fair ValueGross Unrealized (Losses)Fair ValueGross Unrealized (Losses)
(In thousands)
U.S. government and agency obligations$— $— $21,344 $(1,810)$21,344 $(1,810)
Mortgage-backed securities and collateralized mortgage obligations54 (4)863,026 (141,939)863,080 (141,943)
Municipal obligations— — 2,702 (68)2,702 (68)
Corporate debt securities— — 75,765 (14,798)75,765 (14,798)
$54 $(4)$962,837 $(158,615)$962,891 $(158,619)

December 31, 2022
Less Than 12 Months12 Months or LongerTotal
Fair ValueGross Unrealized (Losses)Fair ValueGross Unrealized (Losses)Fair ValueGross Unrealized (Losses)
(In thousands)
U.S. government and agency obligations$47,956 $(2,359)$15,610 $(1,846)$63,566 $(4,205)
Mortgage-backed securities and collateralized mortgage obligations424,328 (29,013)741,515 (141,324)1,165,843 (170,337)
Municipal obligations3,574 (122)— — 3,574 (122)
Corporate debt securities46,751 (5,792)31,008 (6,992)77,759 (12,784)
$522,609 $(37,286)$788,133 $(150,162)$1,310,742 $(187,448)
Debt securities, available-for-sale, allowance for credit loss
The following table presents the activity in the allowance for credit losses on debt securities available for sale for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022:

December 31,
20232022
(In thousands)
Allowance for Credit Losses:
Beginning balance$— $— 
Impact of adopting ASU 2016-13 (CECL) effective January 1, 2022— 490 
(Reversal of) credit losses— (490)
Ending balance$— $— 
v3.24.0.1
Debt Securities Held to Maturity (Tables)
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2023
Investments, Debt and Equity Securities [Abstract]  
Debt securities, held-to-maturity
Debt securities held to maturity at December 31, 2023 and 2022 are summarized as follows:
December 31, 2023
Amortized CostGross Unrealized GainsGross Unrealized (Losses)Allowance for Credit LossesFair Value
(In thousands)
U.S. government and agency obligations$49,871 $— $(5,902)$— $43,969 
Mortgage-backed securities and collateralized mortgage obligations351,283 — (38,075)— 313,208 
$401,154 $— $(43,977)$— $357,177 

December 31, 2022
Amortized CostGross Unrealized GainsGross Unrealized (Losses)Allowance for Credit LossesFair Value
(In thousands)
U.S. government and agency obligations$49,871 $— $(7,304)$— $42,567 
Mortgage-backed securities and collateralized mortgage obligations371,652 — (43,828)— 327,824 
$421,523 $— $(51,132)$— $370,391 
Investments classified by contractual maturity date The amortized cost and fair value of debt securities available for sale at December 31, 2023, by contractual final maturity, is shown below. Expected maturities may differ from contractual maturities due to prepayment or early call options exercised by the issuer.
December 31, 2023
Amortized CostFair Value
(In thousands)
One year or less$50,854 $50,924 
More than one year to five years122,038 119,556 
More than five years to ten years68,830 55,492 
$241,722 $225,972 
Mortgage-backed securities and collateralized mortgage obligations1,009,508 867,585 
$1,251,230 $1,093,557 
Expected maturities may differ from contractual maturities due to prepayment or early call options exercised by the issuer.
December 31, 2023
Amortized CostFair Value
(In thousands)
More than one year to five years$29,875 $27,723 
More than five years to ten years9,996 8,661 
More than ten years10,000 7,585 
49,871 43,969 
Mortgage-backed securities and collateralized mortgage obligations351,283 313,208 
$401,154 $357,177 
Schedule of unrealized loss on investments
The following tables summarize the fair value and gross unrealized losses of those securities that reported an unrealized loss at December 31, 2023 and 2022 and if the unrealized loss position was continuous for the twelve months prior to those respective dates:

December 31, 2023
Less Than 12 Months12 Months or LongerTotal
Fair ValueGross Unrealized (Losses)Fair ValueGross Unrealized (Losses)Fair ValueGross Unrealized (Losses)
(In thousands)
U.S. government and agency obligations$— $— $43,969 $(5,902)$43,969 $(5,902)
Mortgage-backed securities and collateralized mortgage obligations— — 313,208 (38,075)313,208 (38,075)
$— $— $357,177 $(43,977)$357,177 $(43,977)

December 31, 2022
Less than 12 months12 months or longerTotal
Fair ValueGross Unrealized (Losses)Fair ValueGross Unrealized (Losses)Fair ValueGross Unrealized (Losses)
(In thousands)
U.S. government and agency obligations$4,956 $(44)$37,611 $(7,260)$42,567 $(7,304)
Mortgage-backed securities and collateralized mortgage obligations275,107 (33,000)52,717 (10,828)327,824 (43,828)
$280,063 $(33,044)$90,328 $(18,088)$370,391 $(51,132)
v3.24.0.1
Receivable and Allowance for Credit Losses (Tables)
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2023
Receivables [Abstract]  
Schedule of loans receivable
Loans receivable at December 31, 2023 and 2022 are summarized as follows:
December 31,
20232022
(In thousands)
Real estate loans:
One-to-four family$2,792,833 $2,860,184 
Multifamily1,409,187 1,239,207 
Commercial real estate2,377,077 2,413,394 
Construction443,094 336,553 
Commercial business loans 533,041 497,469 
Consumer loans:
Home equity loans and advances266,632 274,302 
Other consumer loans2,801 3,425 
Total gross loans7,824,665 7,624,534 
Purchased credit-deteriorated loans15,089 17,059 
Net deferred loan costs, fees and purchased premiums and discounts 34,783 35,971 
Loans receivable$7,874,537 $7,677,564 
Schedule of aging of loans receivable by portfolio segment
The following tables summarize the aging of loans receivable by portfolio segment, including non-accrual loans and excluding PCD loans, at December 31, 2023 and 2022:
December 31, 2023
30-59 Days60-89 Days90 Days or MoreTotal Past DueNon-accrualCurrentTotal
(In thousands)
Real estate loans:
One-to-four family$11,079 $4,254 $1,558 $16,891 $3,139 $2,775,942 $2,792,833 
Multifamily— — — — — 1,409,187 1,409,187 
Commercial real estate1,711 2,472 2,740 6,923 2,740 2,370,154 2,377,077 
Construction— — — — — 443,094 443,094 
Commercial business loans1,727 4,917 6,518 13,162 6,518 519,879 533,041 
Consumer loans:
Home equity loans and advances779 14 170 963 221 265,669 266,632 
Other consumer loans— — — 2,800 2,801 
Total loans$15,297 $11,657 $10,986 $37,940 $12,618 $7,786,725 $7,824,665 

December 31, 2022
30-59 Days60-89 Days90 Days or MoreTotal Past DueNon-accrualCurrentTotal
(In thousands)
Real estate loans:
One-to-four family$4,063 $1,149 $1,808 $7,020 $2,730 $2,853,164 $2,860,184 
Multifamily— — — — — 1,239,207 1,239,207 
Commercial real estate— 853 2,892 3,745 2,892 2,409,649 2,413,394 
Construction5,218 — — 5,218 — 331,335 336,553 
Commercial business loans220 — 474 694 801 496,775 497,469 
Consumer loans:
Home equity loans and advances465 33 286 784 286 273,518 274,302 
Other consumer loans12 16 12 3,409 3,425 
Total loans$9,969 $2,036 $5,472 17,477 $6,721 $7,607,057 $7,624,534 
Schedule of loans receivable by portfolio segment and impairment method
The following tables summarize loans receivable (including PCD loans) and allowance for credit losses by portfolio segment and impairment method at December 31, 2023 and 2022:
December 31, 2023
One-to-Four FamilyMultifamilyCommercial Real EstateConstructionCommercial Business Home Equity Loans and AdvancesOther Consumer LoansTotal
(In thousands)
Allowance for credit losses:
Individually analyzed loans$186 $$237 $— $154 $30 $— $614 
Collectively analyzed loans12,827 8,735 15,378 7,758 7,742 1,862 54,309 
Loans acquired with deteriorated credit quality — 142 — 27 — — 173 
Total$13,017 $8,742 $15,757 $7,758 $7,923 $1,892 $$55,096 
Total loans:
Individually analyzed loans$4,063 $382 $15,360 $— $11,550 $601 $— $31,956 
Collectively analyzed loans2,788,770 1,408,805 2,361,717 443,094 521,491 266,031 2,801 7,792,709 
Loans acquired with deteriorated credit quality 1,893 — 12,689 — 369 138 — 15,089 
Total loans$2,794,726 $1,409,187 $2,389,766 $443,094 $533,410 $266,770 $2,801 $7,839,754 
(7)     Loans Receivable and Allowance for Credit Losses (continued)

December 31, 2022
One-to-Four FamilyMultifamilyCommercial Real EstateConstructionCommercial Business Home Equity Loans and AdvancesOther Consumer LoansTotal
(In thousands)
Allowance for credit losses:
Individually analyzed loans$201 $$99 $— $10 $26 $— $339 
Collectively analyzed loans11,591 7,874 17,961 6,415 6,876 1,654 10 52,381 
Loans acquired with deteriorated credit quality10 — 51 10 11 — 83 
Total$11,802 $7,877 $18,111 $6,425 $6,897 $1,681 $10 $52,803 
Total loans:
Individually analyzed loans$4,164 $457 $16,729 $— $1,173 $697 $— $23,220 
Collectively analyzed loans2,856,020 1,238,750 2,396,665 336,553 496,296 273,605 3,425 7,601,314 
Loans acquired with deteriorated credit quality2,158 — 13,116 1,040 496 249 — 17,059 
Total loans$2,862,342 $1,239,207 $2,426,510 $337,593 $497,965 $274,551 $3,425 $7,641,593 
The activity in the allowance for credit losses on loans for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021 are as follows:

Years Ended December 31,
202320222021
(In thousands)
Balance at beginning of period$52,803 $62,689 $74,676 
Impact of Adopting ASU No. 2016-13 ("CECL") effective January 1, 2022— (16,443)— 
Initial allowance related to PCD loans— 633 — 
Provision for (reversal of) credit losses4,787 5,969 (9,953)
Recoveries1,000 593 1,530 
Charge-offs(3,494)(638)(3,564)
Balance at end of period$55,096 $52,803 $62,689 
The activity in the allowance for credit losses by portfolio segment for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022, and 2021, are as follows:
For the Year Ended December 31, 2023
One-to-Four FamilyMultifamilyCommercial Real EstateConstructionCommercial BusinessHome Equity Loans and AdvancesOther Consumer LoansTotal
(In thousands)
Balance at beginning of period$11,802 $7,877 $18,111 $6,425 $6,897 $1,681 $10 $52,803 
Provision for (reversal of) credit losses1,783 865 (2,225)1,333 2,765 160 106 4,787 
Recoveries17 — 21 — 879 77 1,000 
Charge-offs(585)— (150)— (2,618)(26)(115)(3,494)
Balance at end of period$13,017 $8,742 $15,757 $7,758 $7,923 $1,892 $$55,096 

For the Year Ended December 31, 2022
One-to-Four FamilyMultifamilyCommercial Real EstateConstructionCommercial BusinessHome Equity Loans and AdvancesOther Consumer LoansTotal
(In thousands)
Balance at beginning of period$8,798 $7,741 $16,114 $8,943 $20,214 $873 $$62,689 
Impact of adopting ASU No. 2016-13(2,308)(2,030)(4,227)(2,346)(5,302)(229)(1)(16,443)
Initial allowance related to PCD loans131 — 474 19 — 633 
Provision for (reversal of) credit losses5,225 2,166 5,750 (175)(8,052)1,019 36 5,969 
Recoveries338 — — — 208 45 593 
Charge-offs(382)— — — (190)(33)(33)(638)
Balance at end of period$11,802 $7,877 $18,111 $6,425 $6,897 $1,681 $10 $52,803 
(7)     Loans Receivable and Allowance for Credit Losses (continued)

For the Year Ended December 31, 2021
One-to-Four FamilyMultifamilyCommercial Real EstateConstructionCommercial BusinessHome Equity Loans and AdvancesOther Consumer LoansTotal
(In thousands)
Balance at beginning of period$13,586 $8,799 $21,882 $11,271 $17,384 $1,748 $$74,676 
Provision for (reversal of) credit losses(4,037)(978)(6,376)(2,330)4,384 (623)(9,953)
Recoveries22 216 1,015 219 56 — 1,530 
Charge-offs(773)(296)(407)— (1,773)(308)(7)(3,564)
Balance at end of period$8,798 $7,741 $16,114 $8,943 $20,214 $873 $$62,689 
Schedule of loan modifications
The following tables presents the modifications of loans to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty that were modified during the year ended December 31, 2023:
 For the Year Ended December 31, 2023
Amortized CostTerm ExtensionCombination of Term Extension, Interest Rate Reduction, and Principal Forgiveness% of Total Class of Loans Receivable
(In thousands)
Commercial real estate$1,038 $1,038 $— — %
Construction2,317 2,317 — 0.5 
Commercial business5,240 240 5,000 1.0 
Total loans$8,595 $3,595 $5,000 0.1 %
(7)     Loans Receivable and Allowance for Credit Losses (continued)

The following tables describes the types of modifications of loans to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty during the year ended December 31, 2023:
                                                                        For the Year Ended December 31, 2023
Type of Modifications
Commercial real estate
12 month term extension
Construction
12 month term extension
Commercial business
12 month term extension, interest rate reduction, and/or principal forgiveness
The following tables presents the aging analysis of modifications of loans to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty at December 31, 2023:

December 31, 2023
Current30-59 Days60-89 Days90 Days or MoreNon-accrualTotal
(In thousands)
Commercial real estate$1,035 $— $— $— $— $1,035 
Construction 2,317 — — — — 2,317 
Commercial business— — 4,917 — 237 5,154 
Total loans$3,352 $— $4,917 $— $237 $8,506 
Schedule of loans individually evaluated for impairment
The following tables present individually analyzed loans by segment, excluding PCD loans, at December 31, 2023 and 2022:
At December 31, 2023
Recorded InvestmentUnpaid Principal BalanceSpecific Allowance
(In thousands)
With no allowance recorded:
Real estate loans:
One-to-four family$1,170 $1,519 $— 
Multifamily49 52 — 
Commercial real estate12,741 14,364 — 
Commercial business loans5,814 6,764 — 
Consumer loans:
Home equity loans and advances145 163 — 
19,919 22,862 — 
With a specific allowance recorded:
Real estate loans:
One-to-four family2,893 2,911 186 
Multifamily333 333 
Commercial real estate2,619 2,622 237 
Commercial business loans5,736 5,736 154 
Consumer loans:
Home equity loans and advances456 456 30 
12,037 12,058 614 
Total:
Real estate loans:
One-to-four family4,063 4,430 186 
Multifamily382 385 
Commercial real estate15,360 16,986 237 
Commercial business loans11,550 12,500 154 
Consumer loans:
Home equity loans and advances601 619 30 
Total loans$31,956 $34,920 $614 
At December 31, 2022
Recorded InvestmentUnpaid Principal BalanceSpecific Allowance
(In thousands)
With no allowance recorded:
Real estate loans:
One-to-four family$1,296 $1,644 $— 
Multifamily59 63 — 
Commercial real estate14,836 15,699 — 
Commercial business loans143 400 — 
Consumer loans:
Home equity loans and advances223 315 — 
16,557 18,121 — 
With a specific allowance recorded:
Real estate loans:
One-to-four family2,868 2,887 201 
Multifamily398 397 
Commercial real estate1,893 1,896 99 
Commercial business loans1,030 1,030 10 
Consumer loans:
Home equity loans and advances474 474 26 
6,663 6,684 339 
Total:
Real estate loans:
One-to-four family4,164 4,531 201 
Multifamily457 460 
Commercial real estate16,729 17,595 99 
Commercial business loans1,173 1,430 10 
Consumer loans:
Home equity loans and advances697 789 26 
Total loans$23,220 $24,805 $339 
The following table presents interest income recognized for individually analyzed loans by loan segment, excluding PCD loans, for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021:
For the Years Ended December 31,
202320222021
Average Recorded InvestmentInterest Income RecognizedAverage Recorded InvestmentInterest Income RecognizedAverage Recorded InvestmentInterest Income Recognized
                                           (In thousands)
Real estate loans:
One-to-four family$4,328 $196 $4,385 $203 $5,738 $285 
Multifamily420 19 598 28 8,420 371 
Commercial real estate16,234 694 16,479 733 16,913 467 
Commercial business loans6,134 331 1,289 88 2,121 139 
Consumer loans:
Home equity loans and advances646 42 785 39 1,119 43 
Totals$27,762 $1,282 $23,536 $1,091 $34,311 $1,305 
Schedule of loans receivable by credit quality risk
The following table summarizes the Company's loans by year of origination and internally assigned credit risk rating, excluding PCD loans, at December 31, 2023 and 2022:
Loans by Year of Origination at December 31, 2023
20232022202120202019PriorRevolving LoansRevolving Loans to Term LoansTotal
(In thousands)
One-to-Four Family
Pass$156,279 $786,735 $793,074 $272,215 $165,337 $614,351 $— $— $2,787,991 
Special mention— — — — — — — — — 
Substandard— 1,176 769 283 629 1,985 — — 4,842 
Total One-to-Four Family156,279 787,911 793,843 272,498 165,966 616,336 — — 2,792,833 
Gross charge-offs— 208 197 — 29 151 — — 585 
Multifamily
Pass111,612 317,277 359,983 157,294 202,923 255,578 — — 1,404,667 
Special mention— — — — — 4,520 — — 4,520 
Substandard— — — — — — — — — 
Total Multifamily111,612 317,277 359,983 157,294 202,923 260,098 — — 1,409,187 
Gross charge-offs— — — — — — — — — 
Commercial Real Estate
Pass191,030 422,058 371,578 174,705 236,263 930,740 — — 2,326,374 
Special mention— — 465 — 871 24,405 — — 25,741 
Substandard— 5,743 905 1,799 — 16,515 — — 24,962 
Total Commercial Real Estate191,030 427,801 372,948 176,504 237,134 971,660 — — 2,377,077 
Gross charge-offs— — — — 64 86 — — 150 
Construction
Pass99,634 270,397 65,374 4,933 439 2,317 — — 443,094 
Special mention— — — — — — — — — 
Substandard— — — — — — — — — 
Total Construction99,634 270,397 65,374 4,933 439 2,317 — — 443,094 
Gross charge-offs$— $— $— $— $— $— $— $— $— 
(7)     Loans Receivable and Allowance for Credit Losses (continued)


Loans by Year of Origination at December 31, 2023
20232022202120202019PriorRevolving LoansRevolving Loans to Term LoansTotal
(In thousands)
Commercial Business
Pass$67,529 $58,118 $28,989 $27,194 $15,499 $38,954 $272,698 $— $508,981 
Special mention127 303 — 97 14 1,389 4,587 — 6,517 
Substandard— 76 88 1,081 6,150 10,142 — 17,543 
Total Commercial Business67,656 58,497 29,077 27,297 16,594 46,493 287,427 — 533,041 
Gross charge-offs— — 31 34 2,249 304 — — 2,618 
Home Equity Loans and Advances
Pass20,198 20,713 18,139 11,368 9,877 84,261 37,261 64,558 266,375 
Special mention— — — — — — — — — 
Substandard— — — — — 257 — — 257 
Total Home Equity Loans and Advances20,198 20,713 18,139 11,368 9,877 84,518 37,261 64,558 266,632 
Gross charge-offs— — — — — 26 — — 26 
Other Consumer Loans
Pass2,199 151 38 18 68 321 — 2,801 
Special mention— — — — — — — — — 
Substandard— — — — — — — — — 
Total Other Consumer Loans2,199 151 38 18 68 321 — 2,801 
Gross charge-offs— 61.0 52.0 — — 2.0 — — 115.0 
Total Loans648,608 1,882,747 1,639,402 649,900 632,951 1,981,490 325,009 64,558 7,824,665 
Total gross charge-offs$— $269 $280 $34 $2,342 $569 $— $— $3,494 
(7)     Loans Receivable and Allowance for Credit Losses (continued)

Loans by Year of Origination at December 31, 2022
20222021202020192018PriorRevolving LoansRevolving Loans to Term LoansTotal
(In thousands)
One-to-Four Family
Pass$829,363 $836,355 $294,721 $177,114 $125,057 $595,097 $— $— $2,857,707 
Special mention— — — — — — — — — 
Substandard— 641 — 681 320 835 — — 2,477 
Total One-to-Four family829,363 836,996 294,721 177,795 125,377 595,932 — — 2,860,184 
Gross charge-offs— — 50 — 122 210 — — 382 
Multifamily
Pass315,157 309,611 167,955 205,608 38,849 197,489 — — 1,234,669 
Special mention— — — — — 4,538 — — 4,538 
Substandard— — — — — — — — — 
Total Multifamily315,157 309,611 167,955 205,608 38,849 202,027 — — 1,239,207 
Gross charge-offs— — — — — — — — — 
Commercial Real Estate
Pass448,313 392,689 170,125 260,268 231,868 852,104 — — 2,355,367 
Special mention— 478 1,843 892 15,498 20,939 — — 39,650 
Substandard— — 1,286 1,607 — 15,484 — — 18,377 
Total Commercial Real Estate448,313 393,167 173,254 262,767 247,366 888,527 — — 2,413,394 
Gross charge-offs— — — — — — — — — 
Construction
Pass159,751 104,339 28,058 14,216 870 29,319 — — 336,553 
Special mention— — — — — — — — — 
Substandard— — — — — — — — — 
Total Construction159,751 104,339 28,058 14,216 870 29,319 — — 336,553 
Gross charge-offs$— $— $— $— $— $— $— $— $— 
(7)     Loans Receivable and Allowance for Credit Losses (continued)

Loans by Year of Origination at December 31, 2022
20222021202020192018PriorRevolving LoansRevolving Loans to Term LoansTotal
(In thousands)
Commercial Business
Pass$58,631 $32,880 $32,788 $20,705 $24,634 $27,277 $280,857 $— $477,772 
Special mention— 110 63 1,137 1,030 38 10,761 — 13,139 
Substandard— 224 60 — 2,085 315 3,874 — 6,558 
Total Commercial Business58,631 33,214 32,911 21,842 27,749 27,630 295,492 — 497,469 
Gross charge-offs— — — 143 29 18 — — 190 
Home Equity Loans and Advances
Pass22,903 20,476 13,770 12,070 11,126 88,251 105,005 457 274,058 
Special mention— — — — — — — — — 
Substandard— — — — — 188 56 — 244 
Total Home Equity Loans and Advances22,903 20,476 13,770 12,070 11,126 88,439 105,061 457 274,302 
Gross charge-offs— — — — — 33 — — 33 
Other Consumer Loans
Pass2,669 87 100 102 30 96 341 — 3,425 
Special mention— — — — — — — — — 
Substandard— — — — — — — — — 
Total Other Consumer Loans2,669 87 100 102 30 96 341 — 3,425 
Gross charge-offs10 18 — — — — — 33 
Total Loans1,836,787 1,697,890 710,769 694,400 451,367 1,831,970 400,894 457 7,624,534 
Gross charge-offs$10 $18 $50 $143 $151 $266 $— $— $638 
v3.24.0.1
Office Properties and Equipment, net (Tables)
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2023
Property, Plant and Equipment [Abstract]  
Schedule of office properties and equipment
Office properties and equipment less accumulated depreciation at December 31, 2023 and 2022 are summarized as follows:
December 31,
20232022
(In thousands)
Land$14,623 $16,534 
Buildings37,383 39,097 
Land and building improvements45,272 40,501 
Leasehold improvements26,021 23,555 
Furniture and equipment36,785 34,747 
160,084 154,434 
Less accumulated depreciation and amortization(76,507)(70,557)
Total office properties and equipment, net$83,577 $83,877 
v3.24.0.1
Leases (Tables)
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2023
Leases [Abstract]  
Lessee, Operating Lease, Liability, Maturity
The following table summarizes lease payment obligations for each of the next five years and thereafter as follows:

Lease Payment Obligations at December 31,
20232022
(In thousands)
One year or less$4,204 $4,290 
After one year to two years3,536 3,745 
After two years to three years3,154 3,075 
After three years to four years2,271 2,773 
After four years to five years1,807 2,000 
Thereafter2,974 4,345 
Total undiscounted cash flows17,946 20,228 
Discount on cash flows(1,411)(1,613)
Total lease liability$16,535 $18,615 
v3.24.0.1
Goodwill and Intangible Assets (Tables)
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2023
Goodwill and Intangible Assets Disclosure [Abstract]  
Schedule of Goodwill and Intangible Assets
Intangible assets at December 31, 2023 and 2022 are summarized as follows:
December 31,
20232022
(In thousands)
Goodwill$110,715 $110,715 
Core deposit intangibles11,155 13,505 
Mortgage servicing rights1,480 922 
$123,350 $125,142 
Schedule of Finite-Lived Intangible Assets, Future Amortization Expense
Scheduled amortization of core deposit intangibles for each of the next five years and thereafter is as follows:
Year Ended December 31,Core Deposit Intangible Amortization
(In thousands)
2024$2,191 
20252,018 
20261,829 
20271,615 
20281,361 
Thereafter2,141 
Total$11,155 
v3.24.0.1
Deposits (Tables)
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2023
Deposits [Abstract]  
Schedule of Deposits
Deposits at December 31, 2023 and 2022 are summarized as follows:
December 31,
20232022
BalanceWeighted Average RateBalanceWeighted Average Rate
(Dollars in thousands)
Non-interest-bearing demand$1,437,361 — %$1,806,152 — %
Interest-bearing demand1,966,463 2.07 2,592,884 0.75 
Money market accounts1,255,528 3.28 718,524 0.93 
Savings and club deposits700,348 0.48 913,738 0.06 
Certificates of deposit2,486,856 3.91 1,969,861 2.16 
          Total deposits$7,846,556 2.31 %$8,001,159 0.86 %
Schedule of Certificate Accounts by Maturity
Scheduled maturities of certificates of deposit accounts at December 31, 2023 and 2022 are summarized as follows:
December 31,
20232022
(In thousands)
One year or less$2,077,863 $1,189,826 
After one year to two years321,271 610,965 
After two years to three years57,836 92,120 
After three years to four years13,427 48,981 
After four years16,459 27,969 
$2,486,856 $1,969,861 

Interest expense on deposits for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022, and 2021 are summarized as follows:
Years Ended December 31,
202320222021
(In thousands)
Demand (including money market accounts)$62,070 $13,900 $10,077 
Savings and club deposits2,231 466 731 
Certificates of deposit60,861 13,512 18,301 
$125,162 $27,878 $29,109 
v3.24.0.1
Borrowings (Tables)
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2023
Debt Disclosure [Abstract]  
Schedule of borrowed funds
Borrowings at December 31, 2023 and 2022 are summarized as follows:
December 31,
2023202220232022
BalanceWeighted Average Interest Rate
(In thousands)
FHLB advances$1,521,733 $1,090,159 4.92 %4.37 %
Notes payable— 29,894 — 3.35 
Junior subordinated debentures6,962 6,994 8.59 7.69 
$1,528,695 $1,127,047 4.94 %4.36 %
Schedule of borrowed funds contractual maturity
Scheduled maturities of FHLB advances at December 31, 2023 are summarized as follows:
Year Ended December 31, 2023
(In thousands)
One year or less$906,995 
After one year to two years142,438 
After two years to three years187,102 
After three years to four years124,648 
After four years160,550 
Total FHLB advances$1,521,733 
v3.24.0.1
Stockholders' Equity (Tables)
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2023
Equity [Abstract]  
Public Utilities General Disclosures
The following tables presents the Company's, Columbia Bank's and Freehold Bank's actual capital amounts and ratios at December 31, 2023 and 2022 compared to the Federal Reserve Bank minimum capital adequacy requirements and the Federal Reserve Bank requirements for classification as a well-capitalized institution:
(13)    Stockholders' Equity (continued)

Regulatory Capital (continued)
ActualMinimum Capital Adequacy RequirementsMinimum Capital Adequacy Requirements With Capital Conservation BufferTo Be Well Capitalized Under Prompt Corrective Action Provisions
AmountRatioAmountRatioAmountRatioAmountRatio
Company(In thousands, except ratio data)
At December 31, 2023:
Total capital (to risk-weighted assets)$1,120,849 14.08 %$636,767 8.00 %$835,757 10.50 %N/AN/A
Tier 1 capital (to risk-weighted assets)1,060,490 13.32 477,575 6.00 676,565 8.50 N/AN/A
Common equity tier 1 capital (to risk-weighted assets)1,053,273 13.23 358,182 4.50 557,171 7.00 N/AN/A
Tier 1 capital (to adjusted total assets)1,060,490 10.04 422,441 4.00 422,441 4.00 N/AN/A
At December 31, 2022:
Total capital (to risk-weighted assets)$1,145,331 15.39 %$595,313 8.00 %$781,348 10.50 %N/AN/A
Tier 1 capital (to risk-weighted assets)1,085,665 14.59 446,484 6.00 632,520 8.50 N/AN/A
Common equity tier 1 capital (to risk-weighted assets)1,078,448 14.49 334,863 4.50 520,899 7.00 N/AN/A
Tier 1 capital (to adjusted total assets)1,085,665 10.68 406,643 4.00 406,643 4.00 N/AN/A
 Columbia Bank
At December 31, 2023:
Total capital (to risk-weighted assets)$1,033,138 14.02 %$589,622 8.00 %$773,879 10.50 %$737,028 10.00 %
Tier 1 capital (to risk-weighted assets)974,127 13.22 442,217 6.00 626,474 8.50 589,622 8.00 
Common equity tier 1 capital (to risk-weighted assets)974,127 13.22 331,663 4.50 515,920 7.00 479,068 6.50 
Tier 1 capital (to adjusted total assets)974,127 9.48 411,126 4.00 411,126 4.00 513,908 5.00 
At December 31, 2022:
Total capital (to risk-weighted assets)$1,019,850 14.12 %$577,656 8.00 %$758,173 10.50 %$722,070 10.00 %
Tier 1 capital (to risk-weighted assets)961,613 13.32 433,242 6.00 613,759 8.50 577,656 8.00 
Common equity tier 1 capital (to risk-weighted assets)961,613 13.32 324,931 4.50 505,449 7.00 469,345 6.50 
Tier 1 capital (to adjusted total assets)961,613 9.74 394,968 4.00 394,968 4.00 493,711 5.00 
(13)    Stockholders' Equity (continued)

Regulatory Capital (continued)
ActualMinimum Capital Adequacy RequirementsMinimum Capital Adequacy Requirements With Capital Conservation BufferTo Be Well Capitalized Under Prompt Corrective Action Provisions
AmountRatioAmountRatioAmountRatioAmountRatio
Freehold Bank(In thousands, except ratio data)
At December 31, 2023:
Total capital (to risk-weighted assets)$45,417 22.50 %$16,152 8.00 %$21,199 10.50 %$20,189 10.00 %
Tier 1 capital (to risk-weighted assets)44,045 21.82 12,114 6.00 17,161 8.50 16,152 8.00 
Common equity tier 1 capital (to risk-weighted assets)44,045 21.82 9,085 4.50 14,133 7.00 13,123 6.50 
Tier 1 capital (to adjusted total assets)44,045 15.27 11,539 4.00 11,539 4.00 14,424 5.00 
At December 31, 2022:
Total capital (to risk-weighted assets)$44,725 22.92 %$15,609 8.00 %$20,486 10.50 %$19,511 10.00 %
Tier 1 capital (to risk-weighted assets)43,298 22.19 11,706 6.00 16,584 8.50 15,609 8.00 
Common equity tier 1 capital (to risk-weighted assets)43,298 22.19 8,780 4.50 13,657 7.00 12,682 6.50 
Tier 1 capital (to adjusted total assets)43,298 15.19 11,399 4.00 11,399 4.00 14,249 5.00 
v3.24.0.1
Employee Benefit Plans (Tables)
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2023
Retirement Benefits [Abstract]  
Changes in Projected Benefit Obligations, Fair Value of Plan Assets, and Funded Status of Plan
The following table sets forth information regarding the Pension Plan, RIM, Post-retirement Plan and Split-Dollar Life Insurance Plans at December 31, 2023 and 2022:

At December 31,
20232022202320222023202220232022
Pension PlanRIM PlanPost-retirement PlanSplit-Dollar Life Insurance
(In thousands)
Change in benefit obligation:
Benefit obligation at beginning of year$222,132 $310,416 $12,610 $15,650 $19,783 $26,335 $15,977 $20,140 
Acquired — — — — — — — 1,503 
Service cost4,679 6,466 277 372 215 346 277 511 
Interest cost11,637 9,510 632 389 970 600 818 612 
Actuarial loss (gain) 22,535 (88,943)377 (3,505)947 (6,849)81 (6,534)
Benefits paid(10,866)(15,317)(346)(296)(767)(649)(196)(255)
Impact of plan merger 1
5,751 — — — — — — — 
Benefit obligation at end of year255,868 222,132 13,550 12,610 21,148 19,783 16,957 15,977 
Change in plan assets:
Fair value of plan assets at beginning of year403,752 492,132 — — — — — — 
Actuarial return (loss) on plan assets53,391 (83,063)— — — — — — 
Employer contributions— 10,000 346 296 767 649 196 255 
Benefits paid(10,866)(15,317)(346)(296)(767)(649)(196)(255)
Impact of plan merger 1
7,282 — — — — — — — 
Fair value of plan assets at end of year453,559 403,752 — — — — — — 
Funded status at end of year$197,691 $181,620 $(13,550)$(12,610)$(21,148)$(19,783)$(16,957)$(15,977)
1 During 2023, the RSI Pension Plan assumed as part of the 2022 RSI acquisition, was merged into the Columbia Bank Pension Plan.
The following table sets forth information regarding the Pension Plan and Post-retirement Plan at December 31, 2023 and 2022:

At December 31,
2023202320222022
Pension PlanPost-retirement PlanPension PlanPost-retirement Plan
(In thousands)(In thousands)
Change in benefit obligation:
Benefit obligation at beginning of year$6,057 $2,047 $— $— 
Acquired — — 7,202 3,163 
Service cost— 67 — 93 
Interest cost305 107 198 93 
Actuarial (gain) loss(416)313 (1,009)(1,298)
Benefits paid(195)(31)(129)(4)
Settlements— — (205)— 
Impact of plan merger 1
(5,751)— — — 
Benefit obligation at end of year— 2,503 6,057 2,047 
Change in plan assets:
Fair value of plan assets at beginning of year7,061 — — — 
Acquired— — 7,819 — 
Actuarial return on plan assets416 — (424)— 
Employer contributions— 31 — 
Benefits paid(195)(31)(129)(4)
Settlements— — (205)— 
Impact of plan merger 1
(7,282)— — — 
Fair value of plan assets at end of year— — 7,061 — 
Funded status at end of year$— $(2,503)$1,004 $(2,047)
1 During 2023, the RSI Pension Plan assumed as part of the 2022 RSI acquisition, was merged into the Columbia Bank Pension Plan.
Schedule of Amounts Recognized in Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)
The components of accumulated other comprehensive income related to the Pension Plan, RIM Plan, and Post-retirement Plan and Split-Dollar Life Insurance Plan on a pre-tax basis, at December 31, 2023, 2022, and 2021, are summarized in the following table:
At December 31,
20232022
Pension PlanRIM PlanPost-retirement PlanSplit-Dollar Life InsurancePension PlanRIM PlanPost-retirement PlanSplit-Dollar Life Insurance
(In thousands)
Unrecognized prior service costs$— $— $— $238 $— $— $— $294 
Unrecognized net actuarial loss (income)59,463 2,102 787 16 60,970 1,781 (161)(65)
Total accumulated other comprehensive loss (income)$59,463 $2,102 $787 $254 $60,970 $1,781 $(161)$229 

At December 31, 2021
Pension PlanRIM PlanPost-retirement PlanSplit-Dollar Life Insurance
(In thousands)
Unrecognized prior service costs$— $— $— $350 
Unrecognized net actuarial loss38,909 5,730 6,999 7,071 
Total accumulated other comprehensive loss$38,909 $5,730 $6,999 $7,421 
The weighted average actuarial assumptions used in the plan determinations at and for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022, and 2021 were as follows:
At and For the Year Ended December 31, 2023
Pension PlanRIM PlanPost-retirement PlanSplit-Dollar Life Insurance
Weighted average assumptions used to determine benefit obligation:
Discount rate5.07 %5.01 %4.96 %5.11 %
Rate of compensation increase 4.50 4.50 N/A4.50 
Weighted average assumptions used to determine net periodic benefit cost:
Discount Rates:
Benefit obligation5.26 %5.21 %5.18 %5.31 %
Remeasurement rate5.19 N/AN/AN/A
Service cost5.36 5.28 5.30 5.41 
Remeasurement rate5.26 N/AN/AN/A
Interest cost5.14 5.10 5.07 5.19 
Remeasurement rate5.16 N/AN/AN/A
Expected rate of return on plan assets7.50 N/AN/AN/A
Remeasurement rate7.50 N/AN/AN/A
Rate of compensation increase 4.50 3.75 N/A3.75 
At and For the Year Ended December 31, 2022
Pension PlanRIM PlanPost-retirement PlanSplit-Dollar Life Insurance
Weighted average assumptions used to determine benefit obligation:
Discount rate5.26 %5.21 %5.18 %5.31 %
Rate of compensation increase 3.75 3.75 N/A3.75 
Weighted average assumptions used to determine net periodic benefit cost:
Discount Rates:
Benefit obligation3.14 %2.97 %2.90 %3.30 %
Remeasurement rate4.86 N/AN/AN/A
Service cost3.32 3.16 3.19 3.49 
Remeasurement rate4.95 N/AN/AN/A
Interest cost2.66 2.52 2.34 2.95 
Remeasurement rate4.58 N/AN/AN/A
Expected rate of return on plan assets6.20 N/AN/AN/A
Remeasurement rate7.00 N/AN/AN/A
Rate of compensation increase 3.75 3.75 N/A3.75 
(14)    Employee Benefit Plans (continued)

Pension Plan, Retirement Income Maintenance Plan (the "RIM Plan") Post-retirement Plan, Split-Dollar Life Insurance Plans (cont'd)

At and For the Year Ended December 31, 2021
Pension PlanRIM PlanPost-retirement PlanSplit-Dollar Life Insurance
Weighted average assumptions used to determine benefit obligation:
Discount rate3.14 %2.97 %2.90 %3.22 %
Rate of compensation increase 3.75 3.75 N/A3.75 
Weighted average assumptions used to determine net periodic benefit cost:
Discount Rates:
Benefit obligation2.92 %2.67 %2.59 %3.01 %
Remeasurement rate3.20 N/AN/AN/A
Service cost3.21 2.93 2.96 3.26 
Remeasurement rate3.46 N/AN/AN/A
Interest cost2.28 2.10 1.88 2.53 
Remeasurement rate2.55 N/AN/AN/A
Expected rate of return on plan assets6.20 N/AN/AN/A
Rate of compensation increase 3.75 3.75 N/A3.75 
The components of accumulated other comprehensive income related to the Pension Plan and Post-retirement Plan on a pre-tax basis, at December 31, 2023 and 2022 are summarized in the following table:

At December 31,
2023202320222022
Pension PlanPost-retirement PlanPension PlanPost-retirement Plan
(In thousands)(In thousands)
Unrecognized prior service costs$— $— $— $— 
Unrecognized net actuarial (income)— (493)(281)(868)
Total accumulated other comprehensive (income)$— $(493)$(281)$(868)
The weighted average actuarial assumptions used in the assumed determinations at and for the year ended December 31, 2023 and 2022 were as follows:
At or For the Years Ended December 31,
2023202320222022
Pension Plan
Post-retirement Plan
Pension Plan
Post-retirement Plan
Weighted average assumptions used to determine benefit obligation:
Discount rateN/A5.16 %5.24 %5.36 %
Rate of compensation increase N/AN/AN/AN/A
Weighted average assumptions used to determine net periodic benefit cost:
Discount Rates:
Benefit obligation5.24 %5.16 %4.21 %4.58 %
Expected rate of return on plan assets7.00 %N/A5.75 %N/A
Schedule of Net Benefit Costs
Net periodic (income) benefit cost for the Pension Plan, RIM Plan, Post-retirement Plan and Split-Dollar Life Insurance plan benefits for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, and 2021, includes the following components:

For the Year Ended December 31, 2023
Pension PlanRIM PlanPost-retirement PlanSplit-Dollar Life Insurance Affected Line Item in the Consolidated Statements of Income
(In thousands)
Service cost$4,679 $277 $215 $277 Compensation and employee benefits
Interest cost11,637 632 970 818 Other non-interest expense
Expected return on plan assets(30,771)— — — Other non-interest expense
Amortization:
Prior service cost— — — 56 Other non-interest expense
Net loss796 57 — — Other non-interest expense
Net periodic (income) benefit cost $(13,659)$966 $1,185 $1,151 
(14)    Employee Benefit Plans (continued)

Pension Plan, Retirement Income Maintenance Plan (the "RIM Plan") Post-retirement Plan, Split-Dollar Life Insurance Plans (cont'd)
For the Year Ended December 31, 2022
Pension PlanRIM PlanPost-retirement PlanSplit-Dollar Life Insurance Affected Line Item in the Consolidated Statements of Income
(In thousands)
Service cost$6,466 $372 $346 $511 Compensation and employee benefits
Interest cost9,510 389 600 612 Other non-interest expense
Expected return on plan assets(29,262)— — — Other non-interest expense
Amortization:
Prior service cost— — — 56 Other non-interest expense
Net loss1,320 444 311 602 Other non-interest expense
Net periodic (income) benefit cost $(11,966)$1,205 $1,257 $1,781 

For the Year Ended December 31, 2021
Pension PlanRIM PlanPost-retirement PlanSplit-Dollar Life Insurance Affected Line Item in the Consolidated Statements of Income
(In thousands)
Service cost$8,044 $398 $520 $562 Compensation and employee benefits
Interest cost7,317 343 562 500 Other non-interest expense
Expected return on plan assets(26,833)— — — Other non-interest expense
Amortization:
Prior service cost— — — 56 Other non-interest expense
Net loss2,001 664 613 765 Other non-interest expense
Net periodic (income) benefit cost $(9,471)$1,405 $1,695 $1,883 
Net periodic (income) benefit cost for the Pension Plan and Post-retirement Plan for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022 includes the following components:

For the Year Ended
December 31, 2023
Pension PlanPost-retirement PlanAffected Line Item in the Consolidated Statements of Income
(In thousands)
Service cost$— $67 Compensation and employee benefits
Interest cost305 107 Other non-interest expense
Expected return on plan assets(487)— Other non-interest expense
Amortization:
Net loss— (61)Other non-interest expense
Net periodic (income) benefit cost$(182)$113 

For the Year Ended
December 31, 2022
Pension PlanPost-retirement PlanAffected Line Item in the Consolidated Statements of Income
(In thousands)
Service cost$— $93 Compensation and employee benefits
Interest cost198 93 Other non-interest expense
Expected return on plan assets(295)— Other non-interest expense
Settlements/curtailments(10)(430)Other non-interest expense
Net periodic (income) benefit cost$(107)$(244)
Schedule of Expected Benefit Payments
Estimated future benefit payments, which reflect expected future service, as appropriate for the next five years and thereafter are as follows:
For the Year Ended December 31,Pension PlanRIM PlanPost-retirement PlanSplit-Dollar Life Insurance
(In thousands)
2024$11,392 $595 $1,489 $475 
202512,463 878 1,628 535 
202613,481 924 1,760 597 
202714,473 952 1,828 656 
202815,390 974 1,833 719 
2029 - 203385,990 5,018 8,240 4,544 
Estimated future benefit payments, which reflect expected future service, as appropriate for the next five years and thereafter are as follows:
For the Year Ended December 31,Post-retirement Plan
2024$45 
202552 
202666 
202781 
202892 
2029 - 2033576 
Schedule of Allocation of Plan Assets
The weighted average asset allocation of pension assets at December 31, 2023 and 2022 were as follows:
December 31,
20232022
Domestic equities31.2 %38.4 %
Foreign equities10.9 11.1 
Fixed income55.5 49.0 
Cash2.4 1.5 
Total100.0 %100.0 %
The 2023 target allocation of assets and acceptable ranges around the targets are as follows:
Allowable Range
Equities
30-60%
Fixed income
40-70%
Real estate
0-10%
Cash
0-10%
The following tables present the assets that are measured at fair value on a recurring basis by level within the U.S. GAAP fair value hierarchy as reported on the Statements of Net Assets Available for Plan Benefits at December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. A financial instrument's level within the fair value hierarchy's is based on the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement.

December 31, 2023
Fair Value Measurements
Fair ValueQuoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1)Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)
(In thousands)
Money market mutual funds$10,711 $10,711 $— $— 
Mutual funds - value stock fund18,132 18,132 — — 
Mutual funds - fixed income251,889 251,889 — — 
Mutual funds - international stock49,260 49,260 — — 
Mutual funds - institutional stock index123,567 123,567 — — 
$453,559 $453,559 $— $— 

December 31, 2022
Fair Value Measurements
Fair valueQuoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1)Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)
(In thousands)
Money market mutual funds$6,247 $6,247 $— $— 
Mutual funds - value stock fund32,764 32,764 — — 
Mutual funds - fixed income197,680 197,680 — — 
Mutual funds - international stock44,833 44,833 — — 
Mutual funds - institutional stock index122,228 122,228 — — 
$403,752 $403,752 $— $— 
The weighted average asset allocation of pension assets at December 31, 2022 were as follows:
December 31,
2022
Equities66.8 %
Fixed income32.2 
Cash1.0 
Total100.0 %
The following tables present the assets that are measured at fair value on a recurring basis by level within the U.S. GAAP fair value hierarchy as reported on the Statements of Net Assets Available for Plan Benefits at December 31, 2022. A financial instrument's level within the fair value hierarchy's is based on the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement.

December 31, 2022
Fair Value Measurements
Fair ValueQuoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1)Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)
(In thousands)
Money market mutual fund$70 $70 $— $— 
Equities - long term growth4,720 — 4,720 — 
Fixed income - long duration 2,271 — 2,271 — 
$7,061 $70 $6,991 $— 
Employee Stock Ownership Plan (ESOP) Disclosures
The ESOP shares were as follows:
At December 31,
20232022
(In thousands)
Allocated shares1,190 1,005 
Unearned shares3,248 3,475 
Total ESOP shares4,438 4,480 
Fair value of unearned ESOP shares$62,618 $75,129 
Nonvested Restricted Stock Shares Activity
The following is a summary of the Company's restricted stock activity during the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022:
Number of Restricted SharesWeighted Average Grant Date Fair Value
Non-vested at January 1, 2022
1,054,335 $15.78 
Grants123,182 21.29 
Vested(677,886)15.73 
Forfeited(68,677)16.54 
Non-vested at December 31, 2022
430,954 $17.31 
Grants247,646 16.43 
Vested(213,253)17.29 
Forfeited(29,806)17.96 
Non-vested at December 31, 2023
435,541 $16.77 
Share-based Payment Arrangement, Option, Activity
The following is a summary of the Company's option activity during the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022:
Number of Stock Options Weighted Average Exercise PriceWeighted Average Remaining Contractual Term (in years) Aggregate Intrinsic Value
Outstanding, January 1, 2022
3,637,542 $15.78 7.6$18,654,905 
Granted363,629 21.08 — — 
Exercised(315,703)15.76 — — 
Expired(10,116)15.60 — — 
    Forfeited (238,483)16.20 — — 
Outstanding, December 31, 2022
3,436,869 $16.26 6.9$18,435,239 
Granted286,016 15.94 — — 
Exercised(44,117)15.60 — — 
Expired(8,281)17.12 — — 
Forfeited(86,418)18.04 — — 
Outstanding, December 31, 2023
3,584,069 $16.20 6.1$— 
Options exercisable at December 31, 2023
2,527,265 $16.01 5.7$8,527,928 
v3.24.0.1
Income Taxes (Tables)
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2023
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]  
Schedule of Components of Income Tax Expense (Benefit)
The components of income tax expense for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022, and 2021 are as follows:

Years Ended December 31,
202320222021
(In thousands)
Current:
Federal$3,488 $13,253 $12,443 
State3,102 4,681 3,980 
Total current6,590 17,934 16,423 
Deferred:
Federal6,615 9,222 12,594 
State(3,240)3,547 5,115 
Total deferred3,375 12,769 17,709 
Total income tax expense $9,965 $30,703 $34,132 
Schedule of Effective Income Tax Rate Reconciliation
A reconciliation between the amount of reported total income tax expense and the amount computed by multiplying the applicable statutory federal income tax rate of 21% is as follows:
Years Ended December 31,
202320222021
(In thousands)
Tax expense at applicable statutory rate$9,670 $24,544 $26,498 
Increase (decrease) in taxes resulting from:
State tax, net of federal income tax benefit(103)6,449 7,185 
ESOP fair market value adjustment383 540 375 
Tax exempt interest income(22)(31)(15)
162(m)549 — — 
Income from Bank-owned life insurance(1,865)(1,179)(863)
Dividend received deduction— (10)(14)
Non-deductible merger-related expenses— 40 53 
Expired charitable contributions carryforward1,368 — — 
Other, net(15)350 913 
Total income tax expense$9,965 $30,703 $34,132 
Schedule of Deferred Tax Assets and Liabilities The tax effects of temporary differences that give rise to significant portions of the deferred tax assets and deferred tax liabilities at December 31, 2023 and 2022 are as follows:
At December 31,
20232022
(In thousands)
Deferred tax assets:
Allowance for credit losses$15,507 $14,990 
Post-retirement benefits6,602 6,002 
Deferred compensation2,122 3,619 
Retirement Income Maintenance plan3,222 3,062 
ESOP1,131 990 
Stock-based compensation2,968 2,386 
Reserve for uncollected interest213 35 
Net unrealized losses on debt securities and defined benefit plans62,070 70,060 
Federal and State NOLs14,607 13,333 
Alternative minimum assessment carryforwards2,156 2,156 
Charitable contribution carryforward— 3,514 
Purchase accounting1,428 2,805 
Lease liability4,654 5,264 
Other items4,744 7,002 
Gross deferred tax assets121,424 135,218 
Valuation allowance(26)(1,965)
121,398 133,253 
Deferred tax liabilities:
Pension expense72,307 68,825 
Depreciation2,996 5,945 
Deferred loan costs14,006 14,724 
Intangible assets1,609 1,616 
Lease right-of-use asset4,371 4,958 
Other items618 286 
Total gross deferred tax liabilities95,907 96,354 
Net deferred tax asset (liability)$25,491 $36,899 
v3.24.0.1
Financial Transactions with Off-Balance-Sheet Risk and Concentrations of Credit Risk (Tables)
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2023
Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure [Abstract]  
Schedules of Concentration of Risk, by Risk Factor
At December 31, 2023 and 2022, the following commitments existed which are not reflected in the Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition:
December 31,
20232022
(In thousands)
Loan commitments:
Residential real estate$12,298 $55,852 
Multifamily real estate— 50,175 
Commercial real estate7,203 17,621 
Commercial business23,217 24,846 
Construction 54,082 100,430 
Consumer including home equity loans and advances5,317 5,477 
Total loan commitments$102,117 $254,401 
Schedule of Fair Value, off-Balance-Sheet Risks
The following table presents the activity in the allowance for credit losses on off-balance-sheet exposures for years ended December 31, 2023and 2022:

December 31,
20232022
(In thousands)(In thousands)
Allowance for Credit Losses:
Beginning balance$6,970 $524 
Impact of adopting ASU 2016-13 ("CECL") effective January 1, 2022— 7,674 
(Reversal of) provision for credit losses(1,486)(1,228)
 Balance at end of period$5,484 $6,970 
v3.24.0.1
Fair Value Measurements (Tables)
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2023
Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract]  
Schedule of Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring Basis
The following tables present the assets and liabilities reported in the Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition at their fair values as of December 31, 2023 and 2022, by level within the fair value hierarchy:
December 31, 2023
Fair Value Measurements
Fair ValueQuoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1)Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)
(In thousands)
Debt securities available for sale:
       U.S. government and agency obligations$145,501 $137,800 $7,701 $— 
Mortgage-backed securities and collateralized mortgage obligations867,585 — 867,585 — 
       Municipal obligations2,702 — 892 1,810 
       Corporate debt securities77,769 — 69,842 7,927 
            Total debt securities available for sale1,093,557 137,800 946,020 9,737 
Equity securities4,079 3,758 321 — 
Derivative assets18,898 — 18,898 — 
$1,116,534 $141,558 965,239 $9,737 
Derivative liabilities$25,025 $— $25,025 $— 
(17)    Fair Value Measurements (continued)

December 31, 2022
Fair Value Measurements
Fair ValueQuoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1)Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)
(In thousands)
Debt securities available for sale:
       U.S. government and agency obligations$63,566 $55,178 $8,388 $— 
Mortgage-backed securities and collateralized mortgage obligations1,181,727 — 1,181,727 — 
       Municipal obligations3,575 — 897 2,678 
       Corporate debt securities79,766 — 70,321 9,445 
            Total debt securities available for sale1,328,634 55,178 1,261,333 12,123 
Equity securities3,384 3,053 331 — 
Derivative assets19,756 — 19,756 — 
$1,351,774 $58,231 $1,281,420 $12,123 
Derivative liabilities$19,072 $— $19,072 $— 
Fair Value, Assets Measured on Recurring Basis, Unobservable Input Reconciliation
The table below provides activity of assets reported as Level 3 for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022:

Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)
(In thousands)
Debt securities available for sale:
Balance of recurring Level 3 assets - January 1, 2022$— 
Transfers into Level 3 assets13,539 
Maturity of Level 3 asset(914)
Change in fair value of Level 3 assets(502)
Balance of recurring Level 3 assets - December 31, 2022
12,123 
Maturity of Level 3 asset(918)
Change in fair value of Level 3 assets(1,468)
Balance of recurring Level 3 assets - December 31, 2023
$9,737 
Fair Value Measurements, Nonrecurring
The following tables present the assets and liabilities reported in the Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition at their fair values on a non-recurring basis at December 31, 2023 and 2022, by level within the fair value hierarchy:
December 31, 2023
Fair Value Measurements
Fair ValueQuoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1)Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)
(In thousands)
Impaired loans$5,000 $— $— $5,000 
Mortgage servicing rights2,908 — — 2,908 
$7,908 $— $— $7,908 
(17)    Fair Value Measurements (continued)

December 31, 2022
Fair Value Measurements
Fair ValueQuoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1)Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)
(In thousands)
Mortgage servicing rights$2,107 $— $— $2,107 
$2,107 $— $— $2,107 
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Nonrecurring Basis, Valuation Techniques
The following table presents information for Level 3 assets measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis at December 31, 2023 and 2022:
December 31, 2023
Fair ValueValuation MethodologyUnobservable InputsRange of InputsWeighted Average
(Dollars in thousands)
Impaired loans$5,000 OtherContracted modification agreement— %— %
Mortgage servicing rights$2,908 Discounted cash flow
Prepayment speeds and discount rates (1)
4.3% - 27.2%
8.1 %

December 31, 2022
Fair ValueValuation MethodologyUnobservable InputsRange of InputsWeighted Average
(Dollars in thousands)
Mortgage servicing rights$2,107 Discounted cash flow
Prepayment speeds and discount rates (2)
5.5% - 27.1%
8.6 %
(1) Value of SBA servicing rights based on a discount rate of 15.50%.
(2) Value of SBA servicing rights based on a discount rate of 14.50%.
Fair Value, by Balance Sheet Grouping
The following tables present the assets and liabilities reported in the Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition at their fair values as of December 31, 2023 and 2022:

December 31, 2023
Fair Value Measurements
Carrying ValueTotal Fair ValueQuoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1)Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)
(In thousands)
Financial assets:
Cash and cash equivalents$423,249 $423,249 $423,249 $— $— 
Debt securities available for sale1,093,557 1,093,557 137,800 946,020 9,737 
Debt securities held to maturity401,154 357,177 — 357,177 — 
Equity securities4,079 4,079 3,758 321 
Federal Home Loan Bank stock81,022 81,022 — 81,022 — 
Loans receivable, net7,819,441 7,366,184 — — 7,366,184 
Derivative assets18,898 18,898 — 18,898 — 
Financial liabilities:
Deposits$7,846,556 $7,828,259 $— $7,828,259 $— 
Borrowings1,528,695 1,531,179 — 1,531,179 — 
Derivative liabilities25,025 25,025 — 25,025 — 
(17)    Fair Value Measurements (continued)

December 31, 2022
Fair Value Measurements
Carrying ValueTotal Fair ValueQuoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1)Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)
(In thousands)
Financial assets:
Cash and cash equivalents$179,228 $179,228 $179,228 $— $— 
Debt securities available for sale1,328,634 1,328,634 55,178 1,261,333 12,123 
Debt securities held to maturity421,523 370,391 — 370,391 — 
Equity securities3,384 3,384 3,053 331 — 
Federal Home Loan Bank stock58,114 58,114 — 58,114 — 
Loans receivable, net7,624,761 6,771,095 — — 6,771,095 
Derivative assets19,756 19,756 — 19,756 — 
Financial liabilities:
Deposits$8,001,159 $7,942,782 $— $7,942,782 $— 
Borrowings1,127,047 1,146,265 — 1,146,265 — 
Derivative liabilities19,072 19,072 — 19,072 — 
v3.24.0.1
Earnings per Share (Tables)
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2023
Earnings Per Share [Abstract]  
Schedule of Earnings Per Share, Basic and Diluted
The following is a reconciliation of the numerators and denominators of the basic and diluted earnings per share calculations for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022, and 2021:
December 31,
202320222021
(In thousands, except per share data)
Net income$36,086 $86,173 $92,049 
Shares:
Weighted average shares outstanding - basic102,656,388 105,580,823 104,156,112 
Weighted average diluted shares outstanding238,581 612,338 — 
Weighted average shares outstanding - diluted102,894,969 106,193,161 104,156,112 
Earnings per share:
Basic$0.35 $0.82 $0.88 
Diluted$0.35 $0.81 $0.88 
v3.24.0.1
Parent-only Financial Information (Tables)
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2023
Condensed Financial Information Disclosure [Abstract]  
Condensed Balance Sheet
The condensed financial statements of Columbia Financial, Inc. (parent company) are presented below:
Statements of Financial Condition
December 31,
20232022
(In thousands)
Assets
Cash and due from banks$8,644 $59,754 
Short-term investments108 131 
Total cash and cash equivalents8,752 59,885 
Equity securities, at fair value191 201 
Investment in subsidiaries1,000,185 979,841 
Loan receivable from Columbia Bank36,432 38,187 
Other assets2,918 13,760 
Total assets$1,048,478 $1,091,874 
                                                  Liabilities and Stockholders' Equity
Liabilities:
Borrowings$6,962 $36,888 
Accrued expenses and other liabilities1,181 1,391 
Total liabilities8,143 38,279 
Stockholders' equity1,040,335 1,053,595 
Total liabilities and stockholders' equity$1,048,478 $1,091,874 
Condensed Statement of Income and Comprehensive Income
Statements of Income and Comprehensive Income
Years Ended December 31,
202320222021
(In thousands)
Dividends from subsidiary$45,000 $80,000 $65,000 
Interest income:
Loans receivable1,814 1,893 1,969 
Debt securities available for sale and equity securities18 10 43 
Interest-earning deposits— 
Total interest income46,840 81,910 67,012 
Interest expense on borrowings1,339 1,600 427 
Net interest income 45,501 80,310 66,585 
Equity earnings (loss) income in subsidiaries(8,432)9,132 27,652 
Non-interest income:
Gain on securities transactions— — 383 
Change in fair value of equity securities(10)(15)(35)
Other non-interest income— 650 — 
Total non-interest income (loss)(10)635 348 
Non-interest expense:
Merger-related expenses41 522 546 
Loss on extinguishment of debt300 — — 
Other non-interest expense1,502 2,861 2,203 
Total non-interest expense1,843 3,383 2,749 
Income before income tax (benefit) expense35,216 86,694 91,836 
Income tax (benefit) expense(870)521 (213)
Net income36,086 86,173 92,049 
Other comprehensive income (loss) 20,561 (133,377)23,706 
Comprehensive income (loss)$56,647 $(47,204)$115,755 
Condensed Cash Flow Statement
Statements of Cash Flows
Years Ended December 31,
202320222021
(In thousands)
Cash flows from operating activities:
Net income$36,086 $86,173 $92,049 
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:
Amortization of intangible assets74 73 21 
Gain on securities transactions— — (383)
Change in fair value of equity securities10 15 35 
Loss on extinguishment of debt300 — — 
Deferred tax expense 2,019 2,463 1,830 
Decrease (increase) in other assets8,894 (642)(7,721)
(Decrease) increase in accrued expenses and other liabilities(890)(997)691 
Equity in undistributed (earnings)of subsidiaries8,432 (9,132)(27,652)
Net cash provided by operating activities$54,925 $77,953 $58,870 
Cash flows from investing activities:
Proceeds from sales of equity securities— — 1,390 
Purchases of equity securities— — (91)
Repayment of loan receivable from Columbia Bank1,755 1,675 1,599 
Net cash acquired in acquisition — 31 — 
Net cash provided by investing activities$1,755 $1,706 $2,898 
Cash flows from financing activities:
Repayment of term note $(30,300)$— $— 
Net proceeds from term note— — 29,841 
Purchase of treasury stock(80,497)(93,996)(107,774)
Exercise of options42 325 (25)
Issuance of common stock allocated to restricted stock award grants4,066 2,624 — 
Restricted stock forfeitures(501)(1,451)(1,234)
Repurchase of shares for taxes(623)(4,614)(357)
Issuance of treasury stock allocated to restricted stock award grants— — 896 
Net cash (used in) financing activities$(107,813)$(97,112)$(78,653)
(19)    Parent-only Financial Information (continued)

Statements of Cash Flows
Years Ended December 31,
202320222021
(In thousands)
Net (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents$(51,133)$(17,453)$(16,885)
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of year59,885 77,338 94,223 
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period$8,752 $59,885 $77,338 
Non-cash investing and financing activities:
Excise tax on net stock repurchases$800 $— $— 
Acquisition:
Net cash and cash equivalents acquired in acquisition$— $31 $— 
v3.24.0.1
Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) (Tables)
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2023
Equity [Abstract]  
Schedule of Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)
The following tables present the components of other comprehensive income (loss), both gross and net of tax, for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022, and 2021:
For the Years Ended December 31,
20232022
Before TaxTax EffectAfter TaxBefore TaxTax EffectAfter Tax
(In thousands)
Components of other comprehensive income (loss):
Unrealized gain (loss) on debt securities available for sale:$41,181 $(11,544)$29,637 $(190,682)$53,427 $(137,255)
Accretion of unrealized (loss) on debt securities reclassified as held to maturity(14)(10)(31)(22)
Reclassification adjustment for (loss) gain included in net income(10,847)3,053 (7,794)210 (59)151 
30,320 (8,487)21,833 (190,503)53,377 (137,126)
Derivatives:
Unrealized (loss) gain on swap contracts accounted for as cash flow hedges(1,274)356 (918)7,524 (2,103)5,421 
Employee benefit plans:
Amortization of prior service cost included in net income(56)16 (40)(56)15 (41)
Reclassification adjustment of actuarial net (loss) included in net income(776)218 (558)(2,677)749 (1,928)
Change in funded status of retirement obligations340 (96)244 345 (48)297 
(492)138 (354)(2,388)716 (1,672)
Total other comprehensive income (loss) $28,554 $(7,993)$20,561 $(185,367)$51,990 $(133,377)

    
(20)    Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) (continued)

For the Year Ended December 31,
2021
Before TaxTax EffectAfter Tax
(In thousands)
Components of other comprehensive income (loss):
Unrealized (loss) on debt securities available for sale:$(39,000)$8,021 $(30,979)
Accretion of unrealized (loss) on debt securities reclassified as held to maturity(28)25 (3)
Reclassification adjustment for gain included in net income2,025 (427)1,598 
(37,003)7,619 (29,384)
Derivatives:
Unrealized gain on swap contracts accounted for as cash flow hedges14,514 (2,575)11,939 
Employee benefit plans:
Amortization of prior service cost included in net income(55)16 (39)
Reclassification adjustment of actuarial net (loss) included in net income(4,044)1,129 (2,915)
Change in funded status of retirement obligations50,999 (6,894)44,105 
46,900 (5,749)41,151 
Total other comprehensive income (loss)$24,411 $(705)$23,706 
Components of Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) The following tables present the changes in the components of accumulated other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax, for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022, and 2021:
For the Years Ended December 31,
20232022
Unrealized (Losses) on Debt Securities Available for SaleUnrealized Gains (Losses) on SwapsEmployee Benefit PlansAccumulated Other Comprehensive (Loss)Unrealized Gains (Losses) on Debt Securities Available for SaleUnrealized Gains (Losses) on SwapsEmployee Benefit PlansAccumulated Other Comprehensive (Loss)
(In thousands)
Balance at beginning of period$(135,482)$504 $(44,318)$(179,296)$1,644 $(4,917)$(42,646)$(45,919)
Current period changes in other comprehensive income (loss)21,833 (918)(354)20,561 (137,126)5,421 (1,672)(133,377)
Total other comprehensive income (loss) $(113,649)$(414)$(44,672)$(158,735)$(135,482)$504 $(44,318)$(179,296)

For the Year Ended December 31,
2021
Unrealized Gains on Debt Securities Available for SaleUnrealized (Losses) on SwapsEmployee Benefit PlansAccumulated Other Comprehensive (Loss)
(In thousands)
Balance at beginning of period$31,028 $(16,856)$(83,797)$(69,625)
Current period changes in other comprehensive income (loss)(29,384)11,939 41,151 23,706 
Total other comprehensive income (loss) $1,644 $(4,917)$(42,646)$(45,919)
Reclassification out of AOCI The following tables reflect amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) in the Consolidated Statements of Income and the affected line item in the statement where net income is presented for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022, and 2021:
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) Components
For the Years Ended December 31,Affected Line Items in the Consolidated Statements of Income
202320222021
(In thousands)
Reclassification adjustment for (loss) gain included in net income$(10,847)$210 $2,025 (Loss)gain on securities transactions
Reclassification adjustment of actuarial net (loss) included in net income(776)(2,677)(4,044)Other non-interest expense
      Total before tax (11,623)(2,467)(2,019)
      Income tax benefit3,271 690 702 
      Net of tax$(8,352)$(1,777)$(1,317)
v3.24.0.1
Derivatives and Hedging Activities (Tables)
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2023
Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities Disclosure [Abstract]  
Schedule of derivative financial instruments on the Consolidated Balance Sheets
The tables below present the fair value of the Company’s derivative financial instruments as well as their classification in the Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition at December 31, 2023 and 2022:
December 31, 2023
Asset DerivativeLiability Derivative
Consolidated Statements of Financial ConditionFair ValueConsolidated Statements of Financial ConditionFair Value
(In thousands)
Derivatives:
Interest rate products - designated hedgesOther Assets$5,394 Other Liabilities$11,530 
Interest rate products - non-designated hedgesOther Assets13,504 Other Liabilities13,495 
Total derivative instruments$18,898 $25,025 
December 31, 2022
Asset DerivativeLiability Derivative
Consolidated Statements of Financial ConditionFair ValueConsolidated Statements of Financial ConditionFair Value
(In thousands)
Derivatives:
Interest rate products - designated hedgesOther Assets$4,290 Other Liabilities$3,918 
Interest rate products - non-designated hedgesOther Assets15,466 Other Liabilities15,154 
Total derivative instruments$19,756 $19,072 
Schedule of derivative instruments
At December 31, 2023, the following amounts were recorded on the Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition related to cumulative basis adjustment for fair value hedges:

Carrying Amount of Hedged Assets/(Liabilities)Cumulative Amount of Fair Value Hedging Adjustment included in the Carrying Amount of Hedged Assets/(Liabilities)
At December 31, 2023
(In thousands)
Fair value interest rate products$706,412 $6,412 
v3.24.0.1
Revenue Recognition (Tables)
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2023
Revenue from Contract with Customer [Abstract]  
Disaggregation of Revenue
The following table presents non-interest income, segregated by revenue streams in-scope and out-of-scope of Topic 606, for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022, and 2021.
For the Years Ended December 31,
202320222021
(In thousands)
Non-interest income
In-scope of Topic 606:
Demand deposit account fees$5,145 $5,293 $3,803 
Title insurance fees2,400 3,423 6,088 
Insurance agency income188 141 — 
Other non-interest income7,991 8,666 7,600 
Total in-scope non-interest income15,724 17,523 17,491 
Total out-of-scope non-interest income11,655 12,877 21,340 
Total non-interest income$27,379 $30,400 $38,831 
v3.24.0.1
Business (Details) - shares
May 01, 2022
Dec. 01, 2021
Freehold Entities    
Subsidiary, Sale of Stock [Line Items]    
Business, acquisition, equity interest issued or issuable (in shares)   2,591,007
RSI Entities    
Subsidiary, Sale of Stock [Line Items]    
Business, acquisition, equity interest issued or issuable (in shares) 6,086,314  
v3.24.0.1
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Details) - USD ($)
1 Months Ended 12 Months Ended
Apr. 30, 2018
Dec. 31, 2023
Dec. 31, 2022
Dec. 31, 2021
Jan. 01, 2022
Dec. 31, 2020
Nov. 30, 2019
Reclassification Adjustment out of Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income on Derivatives [Line Items]              
Assets   $ 10,645,568,000 $ 10,408,169,000        
Loan threshold for individual evaluation for impairment   $ 500,000          
Operating Lease, Liability, Statement of Financial Position [Extensible List]   Other Liabilities Other Liabilities        
Years of employment benefits are based upon   5 years          
Unrecognized tax benefits   $ 0 $ 0        
Income tax penalties and interest expense   0 0 $ 0      
Allowance for credit losses on loans   55,096,000 52,803,000 62,689,000   $ 74,676,000  
Allowance for credit losses on debt securities available for sale   0 0 0      
Off-balance sheet, credit loss, liability   5,484,000 6,970,000 524,000      
Stockholders' equity   1,040,335,000 1,053,595,000 1,079,081,000   1,011,287,000  
Impact of adopting ASU 2016-13 (CECL) effective January 1, 2022              
Reclassification Adjustment out of Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income on Derivatives [Line Items]              
Allowance for credit losses on loans     0 (16,443,000)   0  
Allowance for credit losses on debt securities available for sale       490,000      
Stockholders' equity       6,212,000      
Retained Earnings              
Reclassification Adjustment out of Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income on Derivatives [Line Items]              
Stockholders' equity   $ 893,604,000 $ 857,518,000 765,133,000   $ 673,084,000  
Retained Earnings | Impact of adopting ASU 2016-13 (CECL) effective January 1, 2022              
Reclassification Adjustment out of Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income on Derivatives [Line Items]              
Stockholders' equity       6,212,000      
Accounting Standards Update 2016-13 | Impact of adopting ASU 2016-13 (CECL) effective January 1, 2022              
Reclassification Adjustment out of Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income on Derivatives [Line Items]              
Allowance for credit losses on loans         $ 12,100,000    
Allowance for credit losses on debt securities available for sale         353,000    
Off-balance sheet, credit loss, liability       $ 7,674,000 5,500,000    
Accounting Standards Update 2016-13 | Retained Earnings | Impact of adopting ASU 2016-13 (CECL) effective January 1, 2022              
Reclassification Adjustment out of Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income on Derivatives [Line Items]              
Stockholders' equity         $ (6,200,000)    
Columbia Bank Employee Stock Ownership Plan              
Reclassification Adjustment out of Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income on Derivatives [Line Items]              
Loan term 20 years 20 years          
Buildings              
Reclassification Adjustment out of Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income on Derivatives [Line Items]              
Property, plant and equipment, useful life   40 years          
Minimum              
Reclassification Adjustment out of Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income on Derivatives [Line Items]              
Defined contribution plan, employer matching contribution, percent of match   3.00%          
Minimum | Land and building improvements              
Reclassification Adjustment out of Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income on Derivatives [Line Items]              
Property, plant and equipment, useful life   10 years          
Minimum | Furniture and equipment              
Reclassification Adjustment out of Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income on Derivatives [Line Items]              
Property, plant and equipment, useful life   3 years          
Maximum              
Reclassification Adjustment out of Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income on Derivatives [Line Items]              
Defined contribution plan, employer matching contribution, percent of match   4.50%          
Maximum | Land and building improvements              
Reclassification Adjustment out of Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income on Derivatives [Line Items]              
Property, plant and equipment, useful life   20 years          
Maximum | Furniture and equipment              
Reclassification Adjustment out of Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income on Derivatives [Line Items]              
Property, plant and equipment, useful life   10 years          
Variable Interest Entity, Not Primary Beneficiary              
Reclassification Adjustment out of Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income on Derivatives [Line Items]              
Assets             $ 7,000,000
Stewardship Statutory Trust I              
Reclassification Adjustment out of Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income on Derivatives [Line Items]              
Ownership percentage by parent             100.00%
v3.24.0.1
Acquisitions - Narrative (Details) - USD ($)
3 Months Ended 12 Months Ended
May 01, 2022
Dec. 01, 2021
Dec. 31, 2022
Sep. 30, 2022
Dec. 31, 2023
Dec. 31, 2022
Dec. 31, 2021
Business Acquisition [Line Items]              
Merger-related expenses         $ 606,000 $ 2,810,000 $ 822,000
Goodwill     $ 110,715,000   110,715,000 110,715,000  
Freehold Entities              
Business Acquisition [Line Items]              
Business, acquisition, equity interest issued or issuable (in shares)   2,591,007          
Merger-related expenses         413,000 11,000 350,000
Goodwill   $ 6,104,000 6,000,000   6,000,000 6,000,000  
Goodwill, decrease from subsequent recognition of deferred tax asset       $ 82,000      
RSI Entities              
Business Acquisition [Line Items]              
Business, acquisition, equity interest issued or issuable (in shares) 6,086,314            
Merger-related expenses         193,000 2,800,000 $ 196,000
Goodwill $ 28,003,000   25,500,000   $ 25,500,000 $ 25,500,000  
Goodwill, decrease from subsequent recognition of deferred tax asset       2,000,000      
Business combination, provisional information, initial accounting incomplete, adjustment, deferred tax assets       $ 2,000,000      
Goodwill, purchase accounting adjustment decrease     $ 490,922        
RSI Entities | Minimum | Equipment              
Business Acquisition [Line Items]              
Property, plant and equipment, useful life 3 years            
RSI Entities | Maximum | Equipment              
Business Acquisition [Line Items]              
Property, plant and equipment, useful life 15 years            
v3.24.0.1
Acquisitions - Schedule of Recognized Identified Assets Acquired and Liabilities Assumed (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Thousands
May 01, 2022
Dec. 01, 2021
Dec. 31, 2023
Dec. 31, 2022
Liabilities assumed:        
Goodwill recorded at merger     $ 110,715 $ 110,715
Freehold Entities        
Assets acquired:        
Cash and cash equivalents   $ 20,417    
Debt securities available for sale   118,017    
Federal Home Loan Bank stock   3,032    
Loans receivable   158,912    
Accrued interest receivable   867    
Office properties and equipment, net   5,934    
Bank-owned life insurance   8,661    
Deferred tax assets, net   454    
Core deposit intangibles   42    
Other assets   162    
Total assets acquired   316,498    
Liabilities assumed:        
Deposits   210,117    
Borrowings   59,908    
Advance payments by borrowers for taxes and insurance   495    
Accrued expenses and other liabilities   4,822    
Total liabilities assumed   275,342    
Net assets acquired   41,156    
Fair market value of stock issued to Columbia Bank MHC for purchase   47,260    
Goodwill recorded at merger   $ 6,104 6,000 6,000
RSI Entities        
Assets acquired:        
Cash and cash equivalents $ 140,769      
Debt securities available for sale 79,024      
Equity securities 1,075      
Federal Home Loan Bank stock 906      
Loans receivable 335,501      
Accrued interest receivable 910      
Office properties and equipment, net 7,296      
Bank-owned life insurance 13,033      
Deferred tax assets, net 3,633      
Core deposit intangibles 10,271      
Other assets 2,723      
Total assets acquired 595,141      
Liabilities assumed:        
Deposits 502,732      
Borrowings 5,762      
Advance payments by borrowers for taxes and insurance 1,341      
Accrued expenses and other liabilities 10,568      
Total liabilities assumed 520,403      
Net assets acquired 74,738      
Fair market value of stock issued to Columbia Bank MHC for purchase 102,741      
Goodwill recorded at merger $ 28,003   $ 25,500 $ 25,500
v3.24.0.1
Debt Securities Available for Sale - Securities Available-for-Sale (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Thousands
Dec. 31, 2023
Dec. 31, 2022
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale [Line Items]    
Amortized Cost $ 1,251,230 $ 1,515,941
Gross Unrealized Gains 946 141
Gross Unrealized (Losses) (158,619) (187,448)
Fair Value 1,093,557 1,328,634
U.S. government and agency obligations    
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale [Line Items]    
Amortized Cost 146,387 67,771
Gross Unrealized Gains 924 0
Gross Unrealized (Losses) (1,810) (4,205)
Fair Value 145,501 63,566
Mortgage-backed securities and collateralized mortgage obligations    
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale [Line Items]    
Amortized Cost 1,009,508 1,351,929
Gross Unrealized Gains 20 135
Gross Unrealized (Losses) (141,943) (170,337)
Fair Value 867,585 1,181,727
Municipal obligations    
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale [Line Items]    
Amortized Cost 2,770 3,697
Gross Unrealized Gains 0 0
Gross Unrealized (Losses) (68) (122)
Fair Value 2,702 3,575
Corporate debt securities    
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale [Line Items]    
Amortized Cost 92,565 92,544
Gross Unrealized Gains 2 6
Gross Unrealized (Losses) (14,798) (12,784)
Fair Value $ 77,769 $ 79,766
v3.24.0.1
Debt Securities Available for Sale - Expected Maturities of Available-for-Sale Securities (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Thousands
Dec. 31, 2023
Dec. 31, 2022
Amortized Cost    
One year or less $ 50,854  
More than one year to five years 122,038  
More than five years to ten years 68,830  
Available-for-sale debt securities, allocated and single maturity date, total 241,722  
Mortgage-backed securities and collateralized mortgage obligations 1,009,508  
Amortized Cost 1,251,230 $ 1,515,941
Fair Value    
One year or less 50,924  
More than one year to five years 119,556  
More than five years to ten years 55,492  
Available-for-sale debt securities, allocated and single maturity date, total 225,972  
Mortgage-backed securities and collateralized mortgage obligations 867,585  
Debt securities available for sale, at fair value $ 1,093,557 $ 1,328,634
v3.24.0.1
Debt Securities Available for Sale - Narrative (Details)
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2023
USD ($)
security
Dec. 31, 2022
USD ($)
security
Dec. 31, 2021
USD ($)
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale [Line Items]      
Mortgage-backed securities and collateralized mortgage obligations, amortized cost $ 1,009,508,000    
Mortgage-backed securities and collateralized mortgage obligations, fair value 867,585,000    
Proceeds from sales of debt securities available for sale 277,022,000 $ 126,772,000 $ 90,339,000
Debt securities, available-for-sale securities, gross realized gains 0 710,000 2,100,000
Debt securities, available-for-sale, realized loss 10,800,000 500,000 439,000
Proceeds from calls of debt securities available for sale 0 0 14,000,000
Proceeds from maturities of debt securities, available-for-sale 4,000 915,000 210,000
Calls of debt securities, available-for-sale, unrealized loss     $ 0
Debt securities, available-for-sale, restricted $ 211,500,000 $ 724,000,000  
Number of unrealized loss positions | security 329 455  
Debt securities available for sale, at fair value $ 1,093,557,000 $ 1,328,634,000  
Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Accrued Interest, after Allowance for Credit Loss, Statement of Financial Position [Extensible Enumeration] Accrued interest receivable    
Accrued interest receivable on debt securities available for sale $ 3,700,000 3,200,000  
Subsidiaries      
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale [Line Items]      
Debt securities, available-for-sale, restricted 75,100,000 28,300,000  
Mortgage-backed securities and collateralized mortgage obligations      
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale [Line Items]      
Debt securities available for sale, at fair value 867,585,000 1,181,727,000  
Corporate debt securities      
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale [Line Items]      
Debt securities available for sale, at fair value $ 77,769,000 $ 79,766,000  
Corporate debt securities | External Credit Rating, Non Investment Grade      
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale [Line Items]      
Number of temporarily impaired securities | security 2    
Debt securities available for sale, at fair value $ 8,100,000    
v3.24.0.1
Debt Securities Available for Sale - Continuous Unrealized Loss Position of Available-for-Sale Securities (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Thousands
Dec. 31, 2023
Dec. 31, 2022
Less Than 12 Months    
Fair Value $ 54 $ 522,609
Gross Unrealized (Losses) (4) (37,286)
12 Months or Longer    
Fair Value 962,837 788,133
Gross Unrealized (Losses) (158,615) (150,162)
Total    
Fair Value 962,891 1,310,742
Gross Unrealized (Losses) (158,619) (187,448)
U.S. government and agency obligations    
Less Than 12 Months    
Fair Value 0 47,956
Gross Unrealized (Losses) 0 (2,359)
12 Months or Longer    
Fair Value 21,344 15,610
Gross Unrealized (Losses) (1,810) (1,846)
Total    
Fair Value 21,344 63,566
Gross Unrealized (Losses) (1,810) (4,205)
Mortgage-backed securities and collateralized mortgage obligations    
Less Than 12 Months    
Fair Value 54 424,328
Gross Unrealized (Losses) (4) (29,013)
12 Months or Longer    
Fair Value 863,026 741,515
Gross Unrealized (Losses) (141,939) (141,324)
Total    
Fair Value 863,080 1,165,843
Gross Unrealized (Losses) (141,943) (170,337)
Municipal obligations    
Less Than 12 Months    
Fair Value 0 3,574
Gross Unrealized (Losses) 0 (122)
12 Months or Longer    
Fair Value 2,702 0
Gross Unrealized (Losses) (68) 0
Total    
Fair Value 2,702 3,574
Gross Unrealized (Losses) (68) (122)
Corporate debt securities    
Less Than 12 Months    
Fair Value 0 46,751
Gross Unrealized (Losses) 0 (5,792)
12 Months or Longer    
Fair Value 75,765 31,008
Gross Unrealized (Losses) (14,798) (6,992)
Total    
Fair Value 75,765 77,759
Gross Unrealized (Losses) $ (14,798) $ (12,784)
v3.24.0.1
Debt Securities Available for Sale - Debt Securities, Available-for-sale, Allowance for Credit Loss (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Thousands
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2023
Dec. 31, 2022
Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Excluding Accrued Interest, Allowance for Credit Loss [Roll Forward]    
Beginning balance $ 0 $ 0
(Reversal of) credit losses 0 (490)
Ending balance $ 0 0
Impact of adopting ASU 2016-13 (CECL) effective January 1, 2022    
Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Excluding Accrued Interest, Allowance for Credit Loss [Roll Forward]    
Beginning balance   $ 490
v3.24.0.1
Debt Securities Held-to-Maturity (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Thousands
Dec. 31, 2023
Dec. 31, 2022
Schedule of Held-to-maturity Securities [Line Items]    
Debt Securities, Held-to-Maturity, Excluding Accrued Interest, before Allowance for Credit Loss $ 401,154 $ 421,523
Gross Unrealized Gains 0 0
Gross Unrealized (Losses) (43,977) (51,132)
Allowance for Credit Losses 0 0
Fair Value 357,177 370,391
U.S. government and agency obligations    
Schedule of Held-to-maturity Securities [Line Items]    
Debt Securities, Held-to-Maturity, Excluding Accrued Interest, before Allowance for Credit Loss 49,871 49,871
Gross Unrealized Gains 0 0
Gross Unrealized (Losses) (5,902) (7,304)
Allowance for Credit Losses 0 0
Fair Value 43,969 42,567
Mortgage-backed securities and collateralized mortgage obligations    
Schedule of Held-to-maturity Securities [Line Items]    
Debt Securities, Held-to-Maturity, Excluding Accrued Interest, before Allowance for Credit Loss 351,283 371,652
Gross Unrealized Gains 0 0
Gross Unrealized (Losses) (38,075) (43,828)
Allowance for Credit Losses 0 0
Fair Value $ 313,208 $ 327,824
v3.24.0.1
Debt Securities Held to Maturity - Expected Maturities of Held-to-Maturity Securities (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Thousands
Dec. 31, 2023
Dec. 31, 2022
Amortized Cost    
More than one year to five years $ 29,875  
More than five years to ten years 9,996  
More than ten years 10,000  
Held-to-maturity debt securities, allocated and single maturity date, total 49,871  
Mortgage-backed securities and collateralized mortgage obligations 351,283  
Amortized Cost 401,154 $ 421,523
Fair Value    
More than one year to five years 27,723  
More than five years to ten years 8,661  
More than ten years 7,585  
Held-to-maturity debt securities, allocated and single maturity date, total 43,969  
Mortgage-backed securities and collateralized mortgage obligations 313,208  
Debt securities held to maturity 357,177 370,391
Mortgage-backed securities and collateralized mortgage obligations    
Amortized Cost    
Amortized Cost 351,283 371,652
Fair Value    
Debt securities held to maturity 313,208 327,824
U.S. government and agency obligations    
Amortized Cost    
Amortized Cost 49,871 49,871
Fair Value    
Debt securities held to maturity $ 43,969 $ 42,567
v3.24.0.1
Debt Securities Held to Maturity - Narrative (Details)
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2023
USD ($)
security
Dec. 31, 2022
USD ($)
security
Dec. 31, 2021
USD ($)
Schedule of Held-to-maturity Securities [Line Items]      
Debt Securities, Held-to-Maturity, Excluding Accrued Interest, before Allowance for Credit Loss $ 401,154,000 $ 421,523,000  
Debt securities held to maturity 357,177,000 370,391,000  
Proceeds from sale and maturity of held-to-maturity securities   0  
Proceeds from sale of held-to-maturity securities 0   $ 0
Proceeds from maturities of held-to-maturity securities 4,300,000    
Proceeds from calls of debt securities, held-to-maturity     5,100,000
Debt securities, held-to-maturity, realized gain (loss)     $ 0
Securities available-for-sale sold under agreements $ 202,900,000 $ 228,800,000  
Number of unrealized loss positions | security 108 116  
Debt Securities, Held-to-Maturity, Accrued Interest, after Allowance for Credit Loss, Statement of Financial Position [Extensible Enumeration] Accrued interest receivable    
Accrued interest receivable on debt securities held-to-maturity $ 997,000 $ 1,000,000  
Mortgage-backed securities and collateralized mortgage obligations      
Schedule of Held-to-maturity Securities [Line Items]      
Debt Securities, Held-to-Maturity, Excluding Accrued Interest, before Allowance for Credit Loss 351,283,000 371,652,000  
Debt securities held to maturity $ 313,208,000 $ 327,824,000  
v3.24.0.1
Debt Securities Held to Maturity - Continuous Unrealized Loss Position of Held-to-Maturity Securities (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Thousands
Dec. 31, 2023
Dec. 31, 2022
Less Than 12 Months    
Fair Value $ 0 $ 280,063
Gross Unrealized (Losses) 0 (33,044)
12 Months or Longer    
Fair Value 357,177 90,328
Gross Unrealized (Losses) (43,977) (18,088)
Total    
Fair Value 357,177 370,391
Gross Unrealized (Losses) (43,977) (51,132)
U.S. government and agency obligations    
Less Than 12 Months    
Fair Value 0 4,956
Gross Unrealized (Losses) 0 (44)
12 Months or Longer    
Fair Value 43,969 37,611
Gross Unrealized (Losses) (5,902) (7,260)
Total    
Fair Value 43,969 42,567
Gross Unrealized (Losses) (5,902) (7,304)
Mortgage-backed securities and collateralized mortgage obligations    
Less Than 12 Months    
Fair Value 0 275,107
Gross Unrealized (Losses) 0 (33,000)
12 Months or Longer    
Fair Value 313,208 52,717
Gross Unrealized (Losses) (38,075) (10,828)
Total    
Fair Value 313,208 327,824
Gross Unrealized (Losses) $ (38,075) $ (43,828)
v3.24.0.1
Equity Securities at Fair Value - Narrative (Details) - USD ($)
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2023
Dec. 31, 2022
Dec. 31, 2021
Investments, Debt and Equity Securities [Abstract]      
Equity securities, at fair value $ 4,079,000 $ 3,384,000  
Change in fair value of equity securities 695,000 (401,000) $ (1,792,000)
Proceeds from sales of equity securities $ 0 $ 0 1,390,000
Gross realized gain in equity securities     383,000
Gross realized losses in equity securities     $ 0
v3.24.0.1
Receivable and Allowance for Credit Losses - Loans Receivable (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Thousands
Dec. 31, 2023
Dec. 31, 2022
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]    
Total gross loans $ 7,839,754 $ 7,641,593
Net deferred loan costs, fees and purchased premiums and discounts 34,783 35,971
Loans receivable 7,874,537 7,677,564
Real estate loans | One-to-four family    
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]    
Total gross loans 2,794,726 2,862,342
Real estate loans | Multifamily    
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]    
Total gross loans 1,409,187 1,239,207
Real estate loans | Commercial real estate    
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]    
Total gross loans 2,389,766 2,426,510
Real estate loans | Construction    
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]    
Total gross loans 443,094 337,593
Commercial business loans    
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]    
Total gross loans 533,410 497,965
Consumer loans | Home equity loans and advances    
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]    
Total gross loans 266,770 274,551
Consumer loans | Other consumer loans    
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]    
Total gross loans 2,801 3,425
Financial Asset, Other than Financial Asset Acquired with Credit Deterioration    
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]    
Total gross loans 7,824,665 7,624,534
Financial Asset, Other than Financial Asset Acquired with Credit Deterioration | Real estate loans | One-to-four family    
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]    
Total gross loans 2,792,833 2,860,184
Financial Asset, Other than Financial Asset Acquired with Credit Deterioration | Real estate loans | Multifamily    
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]    
Total gross loans 1,409,187 1,239,207
Financial Asset, Other than Financial Asset Acquired with Credit Deterioration | Real estate loans | Commercial real estate    
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]    
Total gross loans 2,377,077 2,413,394
Financial Asset, Other than Financial Asset Acquired with Credit Deterioration | Real estate loans | Construction    
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]    
Total gross loans 443,094 336,553
Financial Asset, Other than Financial Asset Acquired with Credit Deterioration | Commercial business loans    
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]    
Total gross loans 533,041 497,469
Financial Asset, Other than Financial Asset Acquired with Credit Deterioration | Consumer loans | Home equity loans and advances    
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]    
Total gross loans 266,632 274,302
Financial Asset, Other than Financial Asset Acquired with Credit Deterioration | Consumer loans | Other consumer loans    
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]    
Total gross loans 2,801 3,425
Financial Asset Acquired with Credit Deterioration    
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]    
Total gross loans 15,089 17,059
Financial Asset Acquired with Credit Deterioration | Real estate loans | One-to-four family    
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]    
Total gross loans 1,893 2,158
Financial Asset Acquired with Credit Deterioration | Real estate loans | Multifamily    
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]    
Total gross loans 0 0
Financial Asset Acquired with Credit Deterioration | Real estate loans | Commercial real estate    
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]    
Total gross loans 12,689 13,116
Financial Asset Acquired with Credit Deterioration | Real estate loans | Construction    
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]    
Total gross loans 0 1,040
Financial Asset Acquired with Credit Deterioration | Commercial business loans    
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]    
Total gross loans 369 496
Financial Asset Acquired with Credit Deterioration | Consumer loans | Home equity loans and advances    
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]    
Total gross loans 138 249
Financial Asset Acquired with Credit Deterioration | Consumer loans | Other consumer loans    
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]    
Total gross loans $ 0 $ 0
v3.24.0.1
Receivable and Allowance for Credit Losses - Narrative (Details)
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2023
USD ($)
loan
segment
Dec. 31, 2022
USD ($)
loan
Dec. 31, 2021
USD ($)
loan
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]      
Loans held-for-sale $ 0 $ 0  
Gain on sale of loans held-for-sale 2,300,000 242,000 $ 8,600,000
Loss on sale of loans held-for-sale 1,000,000 64,000 24,000
Purchases and grants of loans receivable 14,729,000 8,315,000 85,382,000
Loans receivable 7,874,537,000 7,677,564,000  
Carrying value of servicing liability 551,000,000 497,100,000  
Servicing income $ 1,400,000 1,300,000 1,500,000
Threshold period, past due status of financing receivables 30 days    
Threshold period, past due for nonperforming status of financing receivables 90 days    
Non-accrual loans $ 12,600,000 6,700,000  
Increase in interest income if non-accrual had performed in line with their original terms 909,000 392,000 190,000
Cash basis interest income on non-accrual loans 358,000 161,000 242,000
Loans past due 0 0  
Property acquired through foreclosure $ 0 $ 0  
Number of loans in the process of foreclosure | loan   2  
Loans in process of foreclosure   $ 81,000  
Number of loan portfolio segments | segment 7    
Financing Receivable, Accrued Interest, after Allowance for Credit Loss, Statement of Financial Position [Extensible Enumeration] Accrued interest receivable    
Accrued interest receivable on loans receivable $ 32,900,000 29,400,000  
Specific allowance for loan losses attributable to impaired loans 614,000 339,000  
Impaired loans for which there are no related allowance for loan losses 19,919,000 16,557,000  
Stewardship Financial Corporation | Financial Asset Acquired with Credit Deterioration      
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]      
Loans receivable 1,700,000 2,000,000  
Roselle Entities | Financial Asset Acquired with Credit Deterioration      
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]      
Loans receivable 0    
Freehold Entities | Financial Asset Acquired with Credit Deterioration      
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]      
Loans receivable 2,800,000 3,700,000  
RSI Entities      
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]      
Financing receivable, purchased with credit deterioration, allowance for credit loss at acquisition date 633,000    
RSI Entities | Financial Asset Acquired with Credit Deterioration      
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]      
Loans receivable 10,600,000 11,300,000  
Roselle Bank | Financial Asset Acquired with Credit Deterioration      
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]      
Loans receivable   184,000  
Less Than 90 Days      
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]      
Non-accrual loans $ 1,600,000 $ 1,200,000  
Number of loans in non-accrual status | loan 10 7  
Related Parties      
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]      
Purchases and grants of loans receivable $ 100,000 $ 751,000 $ 522,700
Loans receivable $ 9,100,000 $ 9,300,000  
Number of loans granted to related party | loan 1 2 1
Freddie Mac      
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]      
Proceeds from sales of loans receivable $ 0 $ 0 $ 99,600,000
Gain on sale of loans receivable     2,300,000
Loss on sale of loans receivable     0
Real estate loans | One-to-four family      
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]      
Proceeds from sales of loans held-for-sale 73,400,000 2,700,000 18,500,000
Purchases and grants of loans receivable   8,300,000 11,800,000
Specific allowance for loan losses attributable to impaired loans 186,000 201,000  
Impaired loans for which there are no related allowance for loan losses 1,170,000 1,296,000  
Real estate loans | Construction      
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]      
Proceeds from sales of loans held-for-sale 18,400,000 2,800,000 6,400,000
Real estate loans | Commercial real estate      
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]      
Proceeds from sales of loans held-for-sale 21,400,000   19,100,000
Purchases and grants of loans receivable 14,700,000   73,600,000
Specific allowance for loan losses attributable to impaired loans 237,000 99,000  
Impaired loans for which there are no related allowance for loan losses 12,741,000 14,836,000  
Commercial business loans      
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]      
Proceeds from sales of loans held-for-sale 8,100,000 4,100,000 $ 258,100,000
Specific allowance for loan losses attributable to impaired loans 154,000 10,000  
Impaired loans for which there are no related allowance for loan losses 5,814,000 143,000  
Commercial business loans | Paycheck Protection Program      
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]      
Loans receivable 809,000 1,600,000  
Financing receivable, unamortized loan cost (fee) $ 0 (13,000)  
Consumer loans | Home equity loans and advances      
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]      
Number of loans in the process of foreclosure | loan 1    
Loans in process of foreclosure $ 93,000    
Specific allowance for loan losses attributable to impaired loans 30,000 26,000  
Impaired loans for which there are no related allowance for loan losses $ 145,000 $ 223,000  
Consumer loans | Mortgages      
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]      
Number of loans in the process of foreclosure | loan 1    
Loans in process of foreclosure $ 576,000    
v3.24.0.1
Receivable and Allowance for Credit Losses - Aging of Loans (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Thousands
Dec. 31, 2023
Dec. 31, 2022
Financing Receivable, Past Due [Line Items]    
Non-accrual $ 12,600 $ 6,700
Total gross loans 7,839,754 7,641,593
Real estate loans | One-to-four family    
Financing Receivable, Past Due [Line Items]    
Total gross loans 2,794,726 2,862,342
Real estate loans | Multifamily    
Financing Receivable, Past Due [Line Items]    
Total gross loans 1,409,187 1,239,207
Real estate loans | Commercial real estate    
Financing Receivable, Past Due [Line Items]    
Total gross loans 2,389,766 2,426,510
Real estate loans | Construction    
Financing Receivable, Past Due [Line Items]    
Total gross loans 443,094 337,593
Commercial business loans    
Financing Receivable, Past Due [Line Items]    
Total gross loans 533,410 497,965
Consumer loans | Home equity loans and advances    
Financing Receivable, Past Due [Line Items]    
Total gross loans 266,770 274,551
Consumer loans | Other consumer loans    
Financing Receivable, Past Due [Line Items]    
Total gross loans 2,801 3,425
Financial Asset, Other than Financial Asset Acquired with Credit Deterioration    
Financing Receivable, Past Due [Line Items]    
Non-accrual 12,618 6,721
Total gross loans 7,824,665 7,624,534
Financial Asset, Other than Financial Asset Acquired with Credit Deterioration | Financial Asset, Past Due    
Financing Receivable, Past Due [Line Items]    
Total gross loans 37,940 17,477
Financial Asset, Other than Financial Asset Acquired with Credit Deterioration | 30-59 Days    
Financing Receivable, Past Due [Line Items]    
Total gross loans 15,297 9,969
Financial Asset, Other than Financial Asset Acquired with Credit Deterioration | 60-89 Days    
Financing Receivable, Past Due [Line Items]    
Total gross loans 11,657 2,036
Financial Asset, Other than Financial Asset Acquired with Credit Deterioration | 90 Days or More    
Financing Receivable, Past Due [Line Items]    
Total gross loans 10,986 5,472
Financial Asset, Other than Financial Asset Acquired with Credit Deterioration | Current    
Financing Receivable, Past Due [Line Items]    
Total gross loans 7,786,725 7,607,057
Financial Asset, Other than Financial Asset Acquired with Credit Deterioration | Real estate loans | One-to-four family    
Financing Receivable, Past Due [Line Items]    
Non-accrual 3,139 2,730
Total gross loans 2,792,833 2,860,184
Financial Asset, Other than Financial Asset Acquired with Credit Deterioration | Real estate loans | One-to-four family | Financial Asset, Past Due    
Financing Receivable, Past Due [Line Items]    
Total gross loans 16,891 7,020
Financial Asset, Other than Financial Asset Acquired with Credit Deterioration | Real estate loans | One-to-four family | 30-59 Days    
Financing Receivable, Past Due [Line Items]    
Total gross loans 11,079 4,063
Financial Asset, Other than Financial Asset Acquired with Credit Deterioration | Real estate loans | One-to-four family | 60-89 Days    
Financing Receivable, Past Due [Line Items]    
Total gross loans 4,254 1,149
Financial Asset, Other than Financial Asset Acquired with Credit Deterioration | Real estate loans | One-to-four family | 90 Days or More    
Financing Receivable, Past Due [Line Items]    
Total gross loans 1,558 1,808
Financial Asset, Other than Financial Asset Acquired with Credit Deterioration | Real estate loans | One-to-four family | Current    
Financing Receivable, Past Due [Line Items]    
Total gross loans 2,775,942 2,853,164
Financial Asset, Other than Financial Asset Acquired with Credit Deterioration | Real estate loans | Multifamily    
Financing Receivable, Past Due [Line Items]    
Non-accrual 0 0
Total gross loans 1,409,187 1,239,207
Financial Asset, Other than Financial Asset Acquired with Credit Deterioration | Real estate loans | Multifamily | Financial Asset, Past Due    
Financing Receivable, Past Due [Line Items]    
Total gross loans 0 0
Financial Asset, Other than Financial Asset Acquired with Credit Deterioration | Real estate loans | Multifamily | 30-59 Days    
Financing Receivable, Past Due [Line Items]    
Total gross loans 0 0
Financial Asset, Other than Financial Asset Acquired with Credit Deterioration | Real estate loans | Multifamily | 60-89 Days    
Financing Receivable, Past Due [Line Items]    
Total gross loans 0 0
Financial Asset, Other than Financial Asset Acquired with Credit Deterioration | Real estate loans | Multifamily | 90 Days or More    
Financing Receivable, Past Due [Line Items]    
Total gross loans 0 0
Financial Asset, Other than Financial Asset Acquired with Credit Deterioration | Real estate loans | Multifamily | Current    
Financing Receivable, Past Due [Line Items]    
Total gross loans 1,409,187 1,239,207
Financial Asset, Other than Financial Asset Acquired with Credit Deterioration | Real estate loans | Commercial real estate    
Financing Receivable, Past Due [Line Items]    
Non-accrual 2,740 2,892
Total gross loans 2,377,077 2,413,394
Financial Asset, Other than Financial Asset Acquired with Credit Deterioration | Real estate loans | Commercial real estate | Financial Asset, Past Due    
Financing Receivable, Past Due [Line Items]    
Total gross loans 6,923 3,745
Financial Asset, Other than Financial Asset Acquired with Credit Deterioration | Real estate loans | Commercial real estate | 30-59 Days    
Financing Receivable, Past Due [Line Items]    
Total gross loans 1,711 0
Financial Asset, Other than Financial Asset Acquired with Credit Deterioration | Real estate loans | Commercial real estate | 60-89 Days    
Financing Receivable, Past Due [Line Items]    
Total gross loans 2,472 853
Financial Asset, Other than Financial Asset Acquired with Credit Deterioration | Real estate loans | Commercial real estate | 90 Days or More    
Financing Receivable, Past Due [Line Items]    
Total gross loans 2,740 2,892
Financial Asset, Other than Financial Asset Acquired with Credit Deterioration | Real estate loans | Commercial real estate | Current    
Financing Receivable, Past Due [Line Items]    
Total gross loans 2,370,154 2,409,649
Financial Asset, Other than Financial Asset Acquired with Credit Deterioration | Real estate loans | Construction    
Financing Receivable, Past Due [Line Items]    
Non-accrual 0 0
Total gross loans 443,094 336,553
Financial Asset, Other than Financial Asset Acquired with Credit Deterioration | Real estate loans | Construction | Financial Asset, Past Due    
Financing Receivable, Past Due [Line Items]    
Total gross loans 0 5,218
Financial Asset, Other than Financial Asset Acquired with Credit Deterioration | Real estate loans | Construction | 30-59 Days    
Financing Receivable, Past Due [Line Items]    
Total gross loans 0 5,218
Financial Asset, Other than Financial Asset Acquired with Credit Deterioration | Real estate loans | Construction | 60-89 Days    
Financing Receivable, Past Due [Line Items]    
Total gross loans 0 0
Financial Asset, Other than Financial Asset Acquired with Credit Deterioration | Real estate loans | Construction | 90 Days or More    
Financing Receivable, Past Due [Line Items]    
Total gross loans 0 0
Financial Asset, Other than Financial Asset Acquired with Credit Deterioration | Real estate loans | Construction | Current    
Financing Receivable, Past Due [Line Items]    
Total gross loans 443,094 331,335
Financial Asset, Other than Financial Asset Acquired with Credit Deterioration | Commercial business loans    
Financing Receivable, Past Due [Line Items]    
Non-accrual 6,518 801
Total gross loans 533,041 497,469
Financial Asset, Other than Financial Asset Acquired with Credit Deterioration | Commercial business loans | Financial Asset, Past Due    
Financing Receivable, Past Due [Line Items]    
Total gross loans 13,162 694
Financial Asset, Other than Financial Asset Acquired with Credit Deterioration | Commercial business loans | 30-59 Days    
Financing Receivable, Past Due [Line Items]    
Total gross loans 1,727 220
Financial Asset, Other than Financial Asset Acquired with Credit Deterioration | Commercial business loans | 60-89 Days    
Financing Receivable, Past Due [Line Items]    
Total gross loans 4,917 0
Financial Asset, Other than Financial Asset Acquired with Credit Deterioration | Commercial business loans | 90 Days or More    
Financing Receivable, Past Due [Line Items]    
Total gross loans 6,518 474
Financial Asset, Other than Financial Asset Acquired with Credit Deterioration | Commercial business loans | Current    
Financing Receivable, Past Due [Line Items]    
Total gross loans 519,879 496,775
Financial Asset, Other than Financial Asset Acquired with Credit Deterioration | Consumer loans | Home equity loans and advances    
Financing Receivable, Past Due [Line Items]    
Non-accrual 221 286
Total gross loans 266,632 274,302
Financial Asset, Other than Financial Asset Acquired with Credit Deterioration | Consumer loans | Home equity loans and advances | Financial Asset, Past Due    
Financing Receivable, Past Due [Line Items]    
Total gross loans 963 784
Financial Asset, Other than Financial Asset Acquired with Credit Deterioration | Consumer loans | Home equity loans and advances | 30-59 Days    
Financing Receivable, Past Due [Line Items]    
Total gross loans 779 465
Financial Asset, Other than Financial Asset Acquired with Credit Deterioration | Consumer loans | Home equity loans and advances | 60-89 Days    
Financing Receivable, Past Due [Line Items]    
Total gross loans 14 33
Financial Asset, Other than Financial Asset Acquired with Credit Deterioration | Consumer loans | Home equity loans and advances | 90 Days or More    
Financing Receivable, Past Due [Line Items]    
Total gross loans 170 286
Financial Asset, Other than Financial Asset Acquired with Credit Deterioration | Consumer loans | Home equity loans and advances | Current    
Financing Receivable, Past Due [Line Items]    
Total gross loans 265,669 273,518
Financial Asset, Other than Financial Asset Acquired with Credit Deterioration | Consumer loans | Other consumer loans    
Financing Receivable, Past Due [Line Items]    
Non-accrual 0 12
Total gross loans 2,801 3,425
Financial Asset, Other than Financial Asset Acquired with Credit Deterioration | Consumer loans | Other consumer loans | Financial Asset, Past Due    
Financing Receivable, Past Due [Line Items]    
Total gross loans 1 16
Financial Asset, Other than Financial Asset Acquired with Credit Deterioration | Consumer loans | Other consumer loans | 30-59 Days    
Financing Receivable, Past Due [Line Items]    
Total gross loans 1 3
Financial Asset, Other than Financial Asset Acquired with Credit Deterioration | Consumer loans | Other consumer loans | 60-89 Days    
Financing Receivable, Past Due [Line Items]    
Total gross loans 0 1
Financial Asset, Other than Financial Asset Acquired with Credit Deterioration | Consumer loans | Other consumer loans | 90 Days or More    
Financing Receivable, Past Due [Line Items]    
Total gross loans 0 12
Financial Asset, Other than Financial Asset Acquired with Credit Deterioration | Consumer loans | Other consumer loans | Current    
Financing Receivable, Past Due [Line Items]    
Total gross loans $ 2,800 $ 3,409
v3.24.0.1
Receivable and Allowance for Credit Losses - Allowance for Loan Losses (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Thousands
Dec. 31, 2023
Dec. 31, 2022
Dec. 31, 2021
Dec. 31, 2020
Allowance for credit losses:        
Total $ 55,096 $ 52,803 $ 62,689 $ 74,676
Total loans:        
Total gross loans 7,839,754 7,641,593    
Real estate loans | One-to-four family        
Allowance for credit losses:        
Total 13,017 11,802 8,798 13,586
Total loans:        
Total gross loans 2,794,726 2,862,342    
Real estate loans | Multifamily        
Allowance for credit losses:        
Total 8,742 7,877 7,741 8,799
Total loans:        
Total gross loans 1,409,187 1,239,207    
Real estate loans | Commercial real estate        
Allowance for credit losses:        
Total 15,757 18,111 16,114 21,882
Total loans:        
Total gross loans 2,389,766 2,426,510    
Real estate loans | Construction        
Allowance for credit losses:        
Total 7,758 6,425 8,943 11,271
Total loans:        
Total gross loans 443,094 337,593    
Commercial business loans        
Allowance for credit losses:        
Total 7,923 6,897 20,214 17,384
Total loans:        
Total gross loans 533,410 497,965    
Consumer loans | Home equity loans and advances        
Allowance for credit losses:        
Total 1,892 1,681 873 1,748
Total loans:        
Total gross loans 266,770 274,551    
Consumer loans | Other consumer loans        
Allowance for credit losses:        
Total 7 10 $ 6 $ 6
Total loans:        
Total gross loans 2,801 3,425    
Financial Asset, Other than Financial Asset Acquired with Credit Deterioration        
Allowance for credit losses:        
Individually analyzed loans 614 339    
Collectively analyzed loans 54,309 52,381    
Total loans:        
Individually analyzed loans 31,956 23,220    
Collectively analyzed loans 7,792,709 7,601,314    
Total gross loans 7,824,665 7,624,534    
Financial Asset, Other than Financial Asset Acquired with Credit Deterioration | Real estate loans | One-to-four family        
Allowance for credit losses:        
Individually analyzed loans 186 201    
Collectively analyzed loans 12,827 11,591    
Total loans:        
Individually analyzed loans 4,063 4,164    
Collectively analyzed loans 2,788,770 2,856,020    
Total gross loans 2,792,833 2,860,184    
Financial Asset, Other than Financial Asset Acquired with Credit Deterioration | Real estate loans | Multifamily        
Allowance for credit losses:        
Individually analyzed loans 7 3    
Collectively analyzed loans 8,735 7,874    
Total loans:        
Individually analyzed loans 382 457    
Collectively analyzed loans 1,408,805 1,238,750    
Total gross loans 1,409,187 1,239,207    
Financial Asset, Other than Financial Asset Acquired with Credit Deterioration | Real estate loans | Commercial real estate        
Allowance for credit losses:        
Individually analyzed loans 237 99    
Collectively analyzed loans 15,378 17,961    
Total loans:        
Individually analyzed loans 15,360 16,729    
Collectively analyzed loans 2,361,717 2,396,665    
Total gross loans 2,377,077 2,413,394    
Financial Asset, Other than Financial Asset Acquired with Credit Deterioration | Real estate loans | Construction        
Allowance for credit losses:        
Individually analyzed loans 0 0    
Collectively analyzed loans 7,758 6,415    
Total loans:        
Individually analyzed loans 0 0    
Collectively analyzed loans 443,094 336,553    
Total gross loans 443,094 336,553    
Financial Asset, Other than Financial Asset Acquired with Credit Deterioration | Commercial business loans        
Allowance for credit losses:        
Individually analyzed loans 154 10    
Collectively analyzed loans 7,742 6,876    
Total loans:        
Individually analyzed loans 11,550 1,173    
Collectively analyzed loans 521,491 496,296    
Total gross loans 533,041 497,469    
Financial Asset, Other than Financial Asset Acquired with Credit Deterioration | Consumer loans | Home equity loans and advances        
Allowance for credit losses:        
Individually analyzed loans 30 26    
Collectively analyzed loans 1,862 1,654    
Total loans:        
Individually analyzed loans 601 697    
Collectively analyzed loans 266,031 273,605    
Total gross loans 266,632 274,302    
Financial Asset, Other than Financial Asset Acquired with Credit Deterioration | Consumer loans | Other consumer loans        
Allowance for credit losses:        
Individually analyzed loans 0 0    
Collectively analyzed loans 7 10    
Total loans:        
Individually analyzed loans 0 0    
Collectively analyzed loans 2,801 3,425    
Total gross loans 2,801 3,425    
Financial Asset Acquired with Credit Deterioration        
Allowance for credit losses:        
Total 173 83    
Total loans:        
Total gross loans 15,089 17,059    
Financial Asset Acquired with Credit Deterioration | Real estate loans | One-to-four family        
Allowance for credit losses:        
Total 4 10    
Total loans:        
Total gross loans 1,893 2,158    
Financial Asset Acquired with Credit Deterioration | Real estate loans | Multifamily        
Allowance for credit losses:        
Total 0 0    
Total loans:        
Total gross loans 0 0    
Financial Asset Acquired with Credit Deterioration | Real estate loans | Commercial real estate        
Allowance for credit losses:        
Total 142 51    
Total loans:        
Total gross loans 12,689 13,116    
Financial Asset Acquired with Credit Deterioration | Real estate loans | Construction        
Allowance for credit losses:        
Total 0 10    
Total loans:        
Total gross loans 0 1,040    
Financial Asset Acquired with Credit Deterioration | Commercial business loans        
Allowance for credit losses:        
Total 27 11    
Total loans:        
Total gross loans 369 496    
Financial Asset Acquired with Credit Deterioration | Consumer loans | Home equity loans and advances        
Allowance for credit losses:        
Total 0 1    
Total loans:        
Total gross loans 138 249    
Financial Asset Acquired with Credit Deterioration | Consumer loans | Other consumer loans        
Allowance for credit losses:        
Total 0 0    
Total loans:        
Total gross loans $ 0 $ 0    
v3.24.0.1
Receivable and Allowance for Credit Losses - Loans Modified (Details)
$ in Thousands
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2023
USD ($)
Financing Receivable, Troubled Debt Restructuring [Line Items]  
Financing receivable modified in period, amount $ 8,595
% of Total Class of Loans Receivable 0.10%
Term Extension  
Financing Receivable, Troubled Debt Restructuring [Line Items]  
Financing receivable modified in period, amount $ 3,595
Extended Marurity, Interest Rate Reduction and Payment Deferral  
Financing Receivable, Troubled Debt Restructuring [Line Items]  
Financing receivable modified in period, amount 5,000
Real estate loans | Construction  
Financing Receivable, Troubled Debt Restructuring [Line Items]  
Financing receivable modified in period, amount $ 2,317
% of Total Class of Loans Receivable 0.50%
Financing receivable, term extension 12 months
Real estate loans | Construction | Term Extension  
Financing Receivable, Troubled Debt Restructuring [Line Items]  
Financing receivable modified in period, amount $ 2,317
Real estate loans | Construction | Extended Marurity, Interest Rate Reduction and Payment Deferral  
Financing Receivable, Troubled Debt Restructuring [Line Items]  
Financing receivable modified in period, amount 0
Real estate loans | Commercial real estate  
Financing Receivable, Troubled Debt Restructuring [Line Items]  
Financing receivable modified in period, amount $ 1,038
% of Total Class of Loans Receivable 0.00%
Financing receivable, term extension 12 months
Real estate loans | Commercial real estate | Term Extension  
Financing Receivable, Troubled Debt Restructuring [Line Items]  
Financing receivable modified in period, amount $ 1,038
Real estate loans | Commercial real estate | Extended Marurity, Interest Rate Reduction and Payment Deferral  
Financing Receivable, Troubled Debt Restructuring [Line Items]  
Financing receivable modified in period, amount 0
Commercial business loans  
Financing Receivable, Troubled Debt Restructuring [Line Items]  
Financing receivable modified in period, amount $ 5,240
% of Total Class of Loans Receivable 1.00%
Financing receivable, term extension 12 months
Commercial business loans | Term Extension  
Financing Receivable, Troubled Debt Restructuring [Line Items]  
Financing receivable modified in period, amount $ 240
Commercial business loans | Extended Marurity, Interest Rate Reduction and Payment Deferral  
Financing Receivable, Troubled Debt Restructuring [Line Items]  
Financing receivable modified in period, amount $ 5,000
v3.24.0.1
Receivable and Allowance for Credit Losses - Loans Modified, Aging Analysis (Details)
$ in Thousands
Dec. 31, 2023
USD ($)
Financing Receivable, Troubled Debt Restructuring [Line Items]  
Financing receivable modified in period, amount $ 8,506
Current  
Financing Receivable, Troubled Debt Restructuring [Line Items]  
Financing receivable modified in period, amount 3,352
30-59 Days  
Financing Receivable, Troubled Debt Restructuring [Line Items]  
Financing receivable modified in period, amount 0
60-89 Days  
Financing Receivable, Troubled Debt Restructuring [Line Items]  
Financing receivable modified in period, amount 4,917
90 Days or More  
Financing Receivable, Troubled Debt Restructuring [Line Items]  
Financing receivable modified in period, amount 0
Non-accrual  
Financing Receivable, Troubled Debt Restructuring [Line Items]  
Financing receivable modified in period, amount 237
Real estate loans | Commercial real estate  
Financing Receivable, Troubled Debt Restructuring [Line Items]  
Financing receivable modified in period, amount 1,035
Real estate loans | Commercial real estate | Current  
Financing Receivable, Troubled Debt Restructuring [Line Items]  
Financing receivable modified in period, amount 1,035
Real estate loans | Commercial real estate | 30-59 Days  
Financing Receivable, Troubled Debt Restructuring [Line Items]  
Financing receivable modified in period, amount 0
Real estate loans | Commercial real estate | 60-89 Days  
Financing Receivable, Troubled Debt Restructuring [Line Items]  
Financing receivable modified in period, amount 0
Real estate loans | Commercial real estate | 90 Days or More  
Financing Receivable, Troubled Debt Restructuring [Line Items]  
Financing receivable modified in period, amount 0
Real estate loans | Commercial real estate | Non-accrual  
Financing Receivable, Troubled Debt Restructuring [Line Items]  
Financing receivable modified in period, amount 0
Real estate loans | Construction  
Financing Receivable, Troubled Debt Restructuring [Line Items]  
Financing receivable modified in period, amount 2,317
Real estate loans | Construction | Current  
Financing Receivable, Troubled Debt Restructuring [Line Items]  
Financing receivable modified in period, amount 2,317
Real estate loans | Construction | 30-59 Days  
Financing Receivable, Troubled Debt Restructuring [Line Items]  
Financing receivable modified in period, amount 0
Real estate loans | Construction | 60-89 Days  
Financing Receivable, Troubled Debt Restructuring [Line Items]  
Financing receivable modified in period, amount 0
Real estate loans | Construction | 90 Days or More  
Financing Receivable, Troubled Debt Restructuring [Line Items]  
Financing receivable modified in period, amount 0
Real estate loans | Construction | Non-accrual  
Financing Receivable, Troubled Debt Restructuring [Line Items]  
Financing receivable modified in period, amount 0
Commercial business loans  
Financing Receivable, Troubled Debt Restructuring [Line Items]  
Financing receivable modified in period, amount 5,154
Commercial business loans | Current  
Financing Receivable, Troubled Debt Restructuring [Line Items]  
Financing receivable modified in period, amount 0
Commercial business loans | 30-59 Days  
Financing Receivable, Troubled Debt Restructuring [Line Items]  
Financing receivable modified in period, amount 0
Commercial business loans | 60-89 Days  
Financing Receivable, Troubled Debt Restructuring [Line Items]  
Financing receivable modified in period, amount 4,917
Commercial business loans | 90 Days or More  
Financing Receivable, Troubled Debt Restructuring [Line Items]  
Financing receivable modified in period, amount 0
Commercial business loans | Non-accrual  
Financing Receivable, Troubled Debt Restructuring [Line Items]  
Financing receivable modified in period, amount $ 237
v3.24.0.1
Receivable and Allowance for Credit Losses - Rollforward of Allowance for Loan Losses (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Thousands
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2023
Dec. 31, 2022
Dec. 31, 2021
Allowance for loan losses:      
Balance at beginning of period $ 52,803 $ 62,689 $ 74,676
Initial allowance related to PCD loans 0 633 0
Provision for (reversal of) credit losses 4,787 5,969 (9,953)
Recoveries 1,000 593 1,530
Charge-offs (3,494) (638) (3,564)
Balance at end of period 55,096 52,803 62,689
Impact of adopting ASU 2016-13 (CECL) effective January 1, 2022      
Allowance for loan losses:      
Balance at beginning of period 0 (16,443) 0
Balance at end of period   0 (16,443)
Real estate loans | One-to-four family      
Allowance for loan losses:      
Balance at beginning of period 11,802 8,798 13,586
Initial allowance related to PCD loans   131  
Provision for (reversal of) credit losses 1,783 5,225 (4,037)
Recoveries 17 338 22
Charge-offs (585) (382) (773)
Balance at end of period 13,017 11,802 8,798
Real estate loans | One-to-four family | Impact of adopting ASU 2016-13 (CECL) effective January 1, 2022      
Allowance for loan losses:      
Balance at beginning of period   (2,308)  
Balance at end of period     (2,308)
Real estate loans | Multifamily      
Allowance for loan losses:      
Balance at beginning of period 7,877 7,741 8,799
Initial allowance related to PCD loans   0  
Provision for (reversal of) credit losses 865 2,166 (978)
Recoveries 0 0 216
Charge-offs 0 0 (296)
Balance at end of period 8,742 7,877 7,741
Real estate loans | Multifamily | Impact of adopting ASU 2016-13 (CECL) effective January 1, 2022      
Allowance for loan losses:      
Balance at beginning of period   (2,030)  
Balance at end of period     (2,030)
Real estate loans | Commercial real estate      
Allowance for loan losses:      
Balance at beginning of period 18,111 16,114 21,882
Initial allowance related to PCD loans   474  
Provision for (reversal of) credit losses (2,225) 5,750 (6,376)
Recoveries 21 0 1,015
Charge-offs (150) 0 (407)
Balance at end of period 15,757 18,111 16,114
Real estate loans | Commercial real estate | Impact of adopting ASU 2016-13 (CECL) effective January 1, 2022      
Allowance for loan losses:      
Balance at beginning of period   (4,227)  
Balance at end of period     (4,227)
Real estate loans | Construction      
Allowance for loan losses:      
Balance at beginning of period 6,425 8,943 11,271
Initial allowance related to PCD loans   3  
Provision for (reversal of) credit losses 1,333 (175) (2,330)
Recoveries 0 0 2
Charge-offs 0 0 0
Balance at end of period 7,758 6,425 8,943
Real estate loans | Construction | Impact of adopting ASU 2016-13 (CECL) effective January 1, 2022      
Allowance for loan losses:      
Balance at beginning of period   (2,346)  
Balance at end of period     (2,346)
Commercial business loans      
Allowance for loan losses:      
Balance at beginning of period 6,897 20,214 17,384
Initial allowance related to PCD loans   19  
Provision for (reversal of) credit losses 2,765 (8,052) 4,384
Recoveries 879 208 219
Charge-offs (2,618) (190) (1,773)
Balance at end of period 7,923 6,897 20,214
Commercial business loans | Impact of adopting ASU 2016-13 (CECL) effective January 1, 2022      
Allowance for loan losses:      
Balance at beginning of period   (5,302)  
Balance at end of period     (5,302)
Consumer loans | Home equity loans and advances      
Allowance for loan losses:      
Balance at beginning of period 1,681 873 1,748
Initial allowance related to PCD loans   6  
Provision for (reversal of) credit losses 160 1,019 (623)
Recoveries 77 45 56
Charge-offs (26) (33) (308)
Balance at end of period 1,892 1,681 873
Consumer loans | Home equity loans and advances | Impact of adopting ASU 2016-13 (CECL) effective January 1, 2022      
Allowance for loan losses:      
Balance at beginning of period   (229)  
Balance at end of period     (229)
Consumer loans | Other consumer loans      
Allowance for loan losses:      
Balance at beginning of period 10 6 6
Initial allowance related to PCD loans   0  
Provision for (reversal of) credit losses 106 36 7
Recoveries 6 2 0
Charge-offs (115) (33) (7)
Balance at end of period $ 7 10 6
Consumer loans | Other consumer loans | Impact of adopting ASU 2016-13 (CECL) effective January 1, 2022      
Allowance for loan losses:      
Balance at beginning of period   $ (1)  
Balance at end of period     $ (1)
v3.24.0.1
Receivable and Allowance for Credit Losses - Loans Individually Evaluated for Impairment (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Thousands
Dec. 31, 2023
Dec. 31, 2022
Recorded Investment    
With no allowance recorded $ 19,919 $ 16,557
With a specific allowance recorded 12,037 6,663
Recorded investment 31,956 23,220
Unpaid Principal Balance    
With no allowance recorded 22,862 18,121
With a specific allowance recorded 12,058 6,684
Unpaid principal balance 34,920 24,805
Specific Allowance    
Specific allowance 614 339
Real estate loans | One-to-four family    
Recorded Investment    
With no allowance recorded 1,170 1,296
With a specific allowance recorded 2,893 2,868
Recorded investment 4,063 4,164
Unpaid Principal Balance    
With no allowance recorded 1,519 1,644
With a specific allowance recorded 2,911 2,887
Unpaid principal balance 4,430 4,531
Specific Allowance    
Specific allowance 186 201
Real estate loans | Multifamily    
Recorded Investment    
With no allowance recorded 49 59
With a specific allowance recorded 333 398
Recorded investment 382 457
Unpaid Principal Balance    
With no allowance recorded 52 63
With a specific allowance recorded 333 397
Unpaid principal balance 385 460
Specific Allowance    
Specific allowance 7 3
Real estate loans | Commercial real estate    
Recorded Investment    
With no allowance recorded 12,741 14,836
With a specific allowance recorded 2,619 1,893
Recorded investment 15,360 16,729
Unpaid Principal Balance    
With no allowance recorded 14,364 15,699
With a specific allowance recorded 2,622 1,896
Unpaid principal balance 16,986 17,595
Specific Allowance    
Specific allowance 237 99
Commercial business loans    
Recorded Investment    
With no allowance recorded 5,814 143
With a specific allowance recorded 5,736 1,030
Recorded investment 11,550 1,173
Unpaid Principal Balance    
With no allowance recorded 6,764 400
With a specific allowance recorded 5,736 1,030
Unpaid principal balance 12,500 1,430
Specific Allowance    
Specific allowance 154 10
Consumer loans | Home equity loans and advances    
Recorded Investment    
With no allowance recorded 145 223
With a specific allowance recorded 456 474
Recorded investment 601 697
Unpaid Principal Balance    
With no allowance recorded 163 315
With a specific allowance recorded 456 474
Unpaid principal balance 619 789
Specific Allowance    
Specific allowance $ 30 $ 26
v3.24.0.1
Receivable and Allowance for Credit Losses - Interest Income on Impaired Loans (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Thousands
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2023
Dec. 31, 2022
Dec. 31, 2021
Recorded Investment      
Average Recorded Investment $ 27,762 $ 23,536 $ 34,311
Interest Income Recognized 1,282 1,091 1,305
Real estate loans | One-to-four family      
Recorded Investment      
Average Recorded Investment 4,328 4,385 5,738
Interest Income Recognized 196 203 285
Real estate loans | Multifamily      
Recorded Investment      
Average Recorded Investment 420 598 8,420
Interest Income Recognized 19 28 371
Real estate loans | Commercial real estate      
Recorded Investment      
Average Recorded Investment 16,234 16,479 16,913
Interest Income Recognized 694 733 467
Commercial business loans      
Recorded Investment      
Average Recorded Investment 6,134 1,289 2,121
Interest Income Recognized 331 88 139
Consumer loans | Home equity loans and advances      
Recorded Investment      
Average Recorded Investment 646 785 1,119
Interest Income Recognized $ 42 $ 39 $ 43
v3.24.0.1
Receivable and Allowance for Credit Losses - Credit Quality Indicators (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Thousands
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2023
Dec. 31, 2022
Dec. 31, 2021
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]      
Total Writeoff $ 3,494 $ 638 $ 3,564
Real estate loans | One-to-four family      
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]      
Total Writeoff 585 382 773
Real estate loans | Multifamily      
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]      
Total Writeoff 0 0 296
Real estate loans | Commercial real estate      
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]      
Total Writeoff 150 0 407
Real estate loans | Construction      
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]      
Total Writeoff 0 0 0
Commercial business loans      
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]      
Total Writeoff 2,618 190 1,773
Consumer loans | Home equity loans and advances      
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]      
Total Writeoff 26 33 308
Consumer loans | Other consumer loans      
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]      
Total Writeoff 115 33 $ 7
Financial Asset, Other than Financial Asset Acquired with Credit Deterioration      
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]      
2023/2022 648,608 1,836,787  
2023/2022, Writeoff 0 10  
2022/2021 1,882,747 1,697,890  
2022/2021, Writeoff 269 18  
2021/2020 1,639,402 710,769  
2021/2020, Writeoff 280 50  
2020/2019 649,900 694,400  
2020/2019, Writeoff 34 143  
2019/2018 632,951 451,367  
2019/2018, Writeoff 2,342 151  
Prior 1,981,490 1,831,970  
Prior, Writeoff 569 266  
Revolving Loans 325,009 400,894  
Revolving Loans, Writeoff 0 0  
Revolving Loans to Term Loans 64,558 457  
Revolving Loans to Term Loans, Writeoff 0 0  
Total 7,824,665 7,624,534  
Total Writeoff 3,494 638  
Financial Asset, Other than Financial Asset Acquired with Credit Deterioration | Real estate loans | One-to-four family      
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]      
2023/2022 156,279 829,363  
2023/2022, Writeoff 0 0  
2022/2021 787,911 836,996  
2022/2021, Writeoff 208 0  
2021/2020 793,843 294,721  
2021/2020, Writeoff 197 50  
2020/2019 272,498 177,795  
2020/2019, Writeoff 0 0  
2019/2018 165,966 125,377  
2019/2018, Writeoff 29 122  
Prior 616,336 595,932  
Prior, Writeoff 151 210  
Revolving Loans 0 0  
Revolving Loans, Writeoff 0 0  
Revolving Loans to Term Loans 0 0  
Revolving Loans to Term Loans, Writeoff 0 0  
Total 2,792,833 2,860,184  
Total Writeoff 585 382  
Financial Asset, Other than Financial Asset Acquired with Credit Deterioration | Real estate loans | One-to-four family | Pass      
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]      
2023/2022 156,279 829,363  
2022/2021 786,735 836,355  
2021/2020 793,074 294,721  
2020/2019 272,215 177,114  
2019/2018 165,337 125,057  
Prior 614,351 595,097  
Revolving Loans 0 0  
Revolving Loans to Term Loans 0 0  
Total 2,787,991 2,857,707  
Financial Asset, Other than Financial Asset Acquired with Credit Deterioration | Real estate loans | One-to-four family | Special mention      
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]      
2023/2022 0 0  
2022/2021 0 0  
2021/2020 0 0  
2020/2019 0 0  
2019/2018 0 0  
Prior 0 0  
Revolving Loans 0 0  
Revolving Loans to Term Loans 0 0  
Total 0 0  
Financial Asset, Other than Financial Asset Acquired with Credit Deterioration | Real estate loans | One-to-four family | Substandard      
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]      
2023/2022 0 0  
2022/2021 1,176 641  
2021/2020 769 0  
2020/2019 283 681  
2019/2018 629 320  
Prior 1,985 835  
Revolving Loans 0 0  
Revolving Loans to Term Loans 0 0  
Total 4,842 2,477  
Financial Asset, Other than Financial Asset Acquired with Credit Deterioration | Real estate loans | Multifamily      
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]      
2023/2022 111,612 315,157  
2023/2022, Writeoff 0 0  
2022/2021 317,277 309,611  
2022/2021, Writeoff 0 0  
2021/2020 359,983 167,955  
2021/2020, Writeoff 0 0  
2020/2019 157,294 205,608  
2020/2019, Writeoff 0 0  
2019/2018 202,923 38,849  
2019/2018, Writeoff 0 0  
Prior 260,098 202,027  
Prior, Writeoff 0 0  
Revolving Loans 0 0  
Revolving Loans, Writeoff 0 0  
Revolving Loans to Term Loans 0 0  
Revolving Loans to Term Loans, Writeoff 0 0  
Total 1,409,187 1,239,207  
Total Writeoff 0 0  
Financial Asset, Other than Financial Asset Acquired with Credit Deterioration | Real estate loans | Multifamily | Pass      
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]      
2023/2022 111,612 315,157  
2022/2021 317,277 309,611  
2021/2020 359,983 167,955  
2020/2019 157,294 205,608  
2019/2018 202,923 38,849  
Prior 255,578 197,489  
Revolving Loans 0 0  
Revolving Loans to Term Loans 0 0  
Total 1,404,667 1,234,669  
Financial Asset, Other than Financial Asset Acquired with Credit Deterioration | Real estate loans | Multifamily | Special mention      
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]      
2023/2022 0 0  
2022/2021 0 0  
2021/2020 0 0  
2020/2019 0 0  
2019/2018 0 0  
Prior 4,520 4,538  
Revolving Loans 0 0  
Revolving Loans to Term Loans 0 0  
Total 4,520 4,538  
Financial Asset, Other than Financial Asset Acquired with Credit Deterioration | Real estate loans | Multifamily | Substandard      
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]      
2023/2022 0 0  
2022/2021 0 0  
2021/2020 0 0  
2020/2019 0 0  
2019/2018 0 0  
Prior 0 0  
Revolving Loans 0 0  
Revolving Loans to Term Loans 0 0  
Total 0 0  
Financial Asset, Other than Financial Asset Acquired with Credit Deterioration | Real estate loans | Commercial real estate      
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]      
2023/2022 191,030 448,313  
2023/2022, Writeoff 0 0  
2022/2021 427,801 393,167  
2022/2021, Writeoff 0 0  
2021/2020 372,948 173,254  
2021/2020, Writeoff 0 0  
2020/2019 176,504 262,767  
2020/2019, Writeoff 0 0  
2019/2018 237,134 247,366  
2019/2018, Writeoff 64 0  
Prior 971,660 888,527  
Prior, Writeoff 86 0  
Revolving Loans 0 0  
Revolving Loans, Writeoff 0 0  
Revolving Loans to Term Loans 0 0  
Revolving Loans to Term Loans, Writeoff 0 0  
Total 2,377,077 2,413,394  
Total Writeoff 150 0  
Financial Asset, Other than Financial Asset Acquired with Credit Deterioration | Real estate loans | Commercial real estate | Pass      
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]      
2023/2022 191,030 448,313  
2022/2021 422,058 392,689  
2021/2020 371,578 170,125  
2020/2019 174,705 260,268  
2019/2018 236,263 231,868  
Prior 930,740 852,104  
Revolving Loans 0 0  
Revolving Loans to Term Loans 0 0  
Total 2,326,374 2,355,367  
Financial Asset, Other than Financial Asset Acquired with Credit Deterioration | Real estate loans | Commercial real estate | Special mention      
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]      
2023/2022 0 0  
2022/2021 0 478  
2021/2020 465 1,843  
2020/2019 0 892  
2019/2018 871 15,498  
Prior 24,405 20,939  
Revolving Loans 0 0  
Revolving Loans to Term Loans 0 0  
Total 25,741 39,650  
Financial Asset, Other than Financial Asset Acquired with Credit Deterioration | Real estate loans | Commercial real estate | Substandard      
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]      
2023/2022 0 0  
2022/2021 5,743 0  
2021/2020 905 1,286  
2020/2019 1,799 1,607  
2019/2018 0 0  
Prior 16,515 15,484  
Revolving Loans 0 0  
Revolving Loans to Term Loans 0 0  
Total 24,962 18,377  
Financial Asset, Other than Financial Asset Acquired with Credit Deterioration | Real estate loans | Construction      
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]      
2023/2022 99,634 159,751  
2023/2022, Writeoff 0 0  
2022/2021 270,397 104,339  
2022/2021, Writeoff 0 0  
2021/2020 65,374 28,058  
2021/2020, Writeoff 0 0  
2020/2019 4,933 14,216  
2020/2019, Writeoff 0 0  
2019/2018 439 870  
2019/2018, Writeoff 0 0  
Prior 2,317 29,319  
Prior, Writeoff 0 0  
Revolving Loans 0 0  
Revolving Loans, Writeoff 0 0  
Revolving Loans to Term Loans 0 0  
Revolving Loans to Term Loans, Writeoff 0 0  
Total 443,094 336,553  
Total Writeoff 0 0  
Financial Asset, Other than Financial Asset Acquired with Credit Deterioration | Real estate loans | Construction | Pass      
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]      
2023/2022 99,634 159,751  
2022/2021 270,397 104,339  
2021/2020 65,374 28,058  
2020/2019 4,933 14,216  
2019/2018 439 870  
Prior 2,317 29,319  
Revolving Loans 0 0  
Revolving Loans to Term Loans 0 0  
Total 443,094 336,553  
Financial Asset, Other than Financial Asset Acquired with Credit Deterioration | Real estate loans | Construction | Special mention      
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]      
2023/2022 0 0  
2022/2021 0 0  
2021/2020 0 0  
2020/2019 0 0  
2019/2018 0 0  
Prior 0 0  
Revolving Loans 0 0  
Revolving Loans to Term Loans 0 0  
Total 0 0  
Financial Asset, Other than Financial Asset Acquired with Credit Deterioration | Real estate loans | Construction | Substandard      
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]      
2023/2022 0 0  
2022/2021 0 0  
2021/2020 0 0  
2020/2019 0 0  
2019/2018 0 0  
Prior 0 0  
Revolving Loans 0 0  
Revolving Loans to Term Loans 0 0  
Total 0 0  
Financial Asset, Other than Financial Asset Acquired with Credit Deterioration | Commercial business loans      
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]      
2023/2022 67,656 58,631  
2023/2022, Writeoff 0 0  
2022/2021 58,497 33,214  
2022/2021, Writeoff 0 0  
2021/2020 29,077 32,911  
2021/2020, Writeoff 31 0  
2020/2019 27,297 21,842  
2020/2019, Writeoff 34 143  
2019/2018 16,594 27,749  
2019/2018, Writeoff 2,249 29  
Prior 46,493 27,630  
Prior, Writeoff 304 18  
Revolving Loans 287,427 295,492  
Revolving Loans, Writeoff 0 0  
Revolving Loans to Term Loans 0 0  
Revolving Loans to Term Loans, Writeoff 0 0  
Total 533,041 497,469  
Total Writeoff 2,618 190  
Financial Asset, Other than Financial Asset Acquired with Credit Deterioration | Commercial business loans | Pass      
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]      
2023/2022 67,529 58,631  
2022/2021 58,118 32,880  
2021/2020 28,989 32,788  
2020/2019 27,194 20,705  
2019/2018 15,499 24,634  
Prior 38,954 27,277  
Revolving Loans 272,698 280,857  
Revolving Loans to Term Loans 0 0  
Total 508,981 477,772  
Financial Asset, Other than Financial Asset Acquired with Credit Deterioration | Commercial business loans | Special mention      
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]      
2023/2022 127 0  
2022/2021 303 110  
2021/2020 0 63  
2020/2019 97 1,137  
2019/2018 14 1,030  
Prior 1,389 38  
Revolving Loans 4,587 10,761  
Revolving Loans to Term Loans 0 0  
Total 6,517 13,139  
Financial Asset, Other than Financial Asset Acquired with Credit Deterioration | Commercial business loans | Substandard      
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]      
2023/2022 0 0  
2022/2021 76 224  
2021/2020 88 60  
2020/2019 6 0  
2019/2018 1,081 2,085  
Prior 6,150 315  
Revolving Loans 10,142 3,874  
Revolving Loans to Term Loans 0 0  
Total 17,543 6,558  
Financial Asset, Other than Financial Asset Acquired with Credit Deterioration | Consumer loans | Home equity loans and advances      
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]      
2023/2022 20,198 22,903  
2023/2022, Writeoff 0 0  
2022/2021 20,713 20,476  
2022/2021, Writeoff 0 0  
2021/2020 18,139 13,770  
2021/2020, Writeoff 0 0  
2020/2019 11,368 12,070  
2020/2019, Writeoff 0 0  
2019/2018 9,877 11,126  
2019/2018, Writeoff 0 0  
Prior 84,518 88,439  
Prior, Writeoff 26 33  
Revolving Loans 37,261 105,061  
Revolving Loans, Writeoff 0 0  
Revolving Loans to Term Loans 64,558 457  
Revolving Loans to Term Loans, Writeoff 0 0  
Total 266,632 274,302  
Total Writeoff 26 33  
Financial Asset, Other than Financial Asset Acquired with Credit Deterioration | Consumer loans | Home equity loans and advances | Pass      
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]      
2023/2022 20,198 22,903  
2022/2021 20,713 20,476  
2021/2020 18,139 13,770  
2020/2019 11,368 12,070  
2019/2018 9,877 11,126  
Prior 84,261 88,251  
Revolving Loans 37,261 105,005  
Revolving Loans to Term Loans 64,558 457  
Total 266,375 274,058  
Financial Asset, Other than Financial Asset Acquired with Credit Deterioration | Consumer loans | Home equity loans and advances | Special mention      
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]      
2023/2022 0 0  
2022/2021 0 0  
2021/2020 0 0  
2020/2019 0 0  
2019/2018 0 0  
Prior 0 0  
Revolving Loans 0 0  
Revolving Loans to Term Loans 0 0  
Total 0 0  
Financial Asset, Other than Financial Asset Acquired with Credit Deterioration | Consumer loans | Home equity loans and advances | Substandard      
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]      
2023/2022 0 0  
2022/2021 0 0  
2021/2020 0 0  
2020/2019 0 0  
2019/2018 0 0  
Prior 257 188  
Revolving Loans 0 56  
Revolving Loans to Term Loans 0 0  
Total 257 244  
Financial Asset, Other than Financial Asset Acquired with Credit Deterioration | Consumer loans | Other consumer loans      
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]      
2023/2022 2,199 2,669  
2023/2022, Writeoff 0 10  
2022/2021 151 87  
2022/2021, Writeoff 61 18  
2021/2020 38 100  
2021/2020, Writeoff 52 0  
2020/2019 6 102  
2020/2019, Writeoff 0 0  
2019/2018 18 30  
2019/2018, Writeoff 0 0  
Prior 68 96  
Prior, Writeoff 2 5  
Revolving Loans 321 341  
Revolving Loans, Writeoff 0 0  
Revolving Loans to Term Loans 0 0  
Revolving Loans to Term Loans, Writeoff 0 0  
Total 2,801 3,425  
Total Writeoff 115 33  
Financial Asset, Other than Financial Asset Acquired with Credit Deterioration | Consumer loans | Other consumer loans | Pass      
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]      
2023/2022 2,199 2,669  
2022/2021 151 87  
2021/2020 38 100  
2020/2019 6 102  
2019/2018 18 30  
Prior 68 96  
Revolving Loans 321 341  
Revolving Loans to Term Loans 0 0  
Total 2,801 3,425  
Financial Asset, Other than Financial Asset Acquired with Credit Deterioration | Consumer loans | Other consumer loans | Special mention      
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]      
2023/2022 0 0  
2022/2021 0 0  
2021/2020 0 0  
2020/2019 0 0  
2019/2018 0 0  
Prior 0 0  
Revolving Loans 0 0  
Revolving Loans to Term Loans 0 0  
Total 0 0  
Financial Asset, Other than Financial Asset Acquired with Credit Deterioration | Consumer loans | Other consumer loans | Substandard      
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]      
2023/2022 0 0  
2022/2021 0 0  
2021/2020 0 0  
2020/2019 0 0  
2019/2018 0 0  
Prior 0 0  
Revolving Loans 0 0  
Revolving Loans to Term Loans 0 0  
Total $ 0 $ 0  
v3.24.0.1
Office Properties and Equipment, net - Schedule of Office Properties and Equipment (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Thousands
Dec. 31, 2023
Dec. 31, 2022
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]    
Office property and equipment, gross $ 160,084 $ 154,434
Less accumulated depreciation and amortization (76,507) (70,557)
Total office properties and equipment, net 83,577 83,877
Land    
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]    
Office property and equipment, gross 14,623 16,534
Buildings    
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]    
Office property and equipment, gross 37,383 39,097
Land and building improvements    
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]    
Office property and equipment, gross 45,272 40,501
Leasehold improvements    
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]    
Office property and equipment, gross 26,021 23,555
Furniture and equipment    
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]    
Office property and equipment, gross $ 36,785 $ 34,747
v3.24.0.1
Office Properties and Equipment, net - Narrative (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Thousands
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2023
Dec. 31, 2022
Dec. 31, 2021
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]      
Office property and equipment, gross $ 160,084 $ 154,434  
Depreciation and amortization 7,800 7,300 $ 6,700
Proceeds from sale of property held-for-sale   1,700  
Payments to acquire property, plant, and equipment 7,635 7,204 $ 5,492
Disposal Group, Disposed of by Sale, Not Discontinued Operations      
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]      
Payments to acquire property, plant, and equipment   1,700  
Buildings      
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]      
Office property and equipment, gross 1,000    
Land and building improvements      
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]      
Property, plant and equipment, additions 1,600 4,500  
Office property and equipment, gross 45,272 40,501  
Buildings      
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]      
Office property and equipment, gross $ 37,383 $ 39,097  
v3.24.0.1
Leases - Additional Information (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Millions
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2023
Dec. 31, 2022
Leases [Abstract]    
Operating lease, weighted average remaining lease term 5 years 10 months 24 days 6 years 6 months
Operating lease, weighted average discount rate 2.70% 2.35%
Lease, cost $ 2.7 $ 2.7
v3.24.0.1
Leases - Operating Lease Payment Obligations (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Thousands
Dec. 31, 2023
Dec. 31, 2022
Leases [Abstract]    
One year or less $ 4,204 $ 4,290
After one year to two years 3,536 3,745
After two years to three years 3,154 3,075
After three years to four years 2,271 2,773
After four years to five years 1,807 2,000
Thereafter 2,974 4,345
Total undiscounted cash flows 17,946 20,228
Discount on cash flows (1,411) (1,613)
Total lease liability $ 16,535 $ 18,615
v3.24.0.1
Goodwill and Intangible Assets - Schedule of Goodwill and Intangible Assets (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Thousands
Dec. 31, 2023
Dec. 31, 2022
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]    
Goodwill $ 110,715 $ 110,715
Goodwill and intangible assets 123,350 125,142
Core deposit intangibles    
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]    
Finite-lived intangible assets 11,155 13,505
Mortgage servicing rights    
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]    
Finite-lived intangible assets $ 1,480 $ 922
v3.24.0.1
Goodwill and Intangible Assets - Narrative (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Thousands
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2023
Dec. 31, 2022
Dec. 31, 2021
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]      
Amortization of intangible assets $ 2,350 $ 1,980 $ 1,025
Mortgage servicing rights      
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]      
Amortization of intangible assets 239 233 266
Core deposit intangibles      
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]      
Amortization of intangible assets $ 2,400 $ 2,000 $ 1,000
v3.24.0.1
Goodwill and Intangible Assets - Schedule of Amortization of Core Deposit Intangibles (Details) - Core deposit intangibles - USD ($)
$ in Thousands
Dec. 31, 2023
Dec. 31, 2022
Acquired Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]    
2024 $ 2,191  
2025 2,018  
2026 1,829  
2027 1,615  
2028 1,361  
Thereafter 2,141  
Total $ 11,155 $ 13,505
v3.24.0.1
Deposits - Schedule of Deposits (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Thousands
Dec. 31, 2023
Dec. 31, 2022
Balance    
Non-interest-bearing demand $ 1,437,361 $ 1,806,152
Interest-bearing demand 1,966,463 2,592,884
Money market accounts 1,255,528 718,524
Savings and club deposits 700,348 913,738
Certificates of deposit 2,486,856 1,969,861
Total deposits $ 7,846,556 $ 8,001,159
Weighted Average Rate    
Interest-bearing demand 2.07% 0.75%
Money market accounts 3.28% 0.93%
Savings and club deposits 0.48% 0.06%
Certificates of deposit 3.91% 2.16%
Total deposits 2.31% 0.86%
v3.24.0.1
Deposits - Narrative (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Billions
Dec. 31, 2023
Dec. 31, 2022
Deposits [Abstract]    
Aggregate amount of certificates of deposit exceeding threshold amount $ 1.5 $ 1.1
v3.24.0.1
Deposits - Schedule of Deposit Maturities (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Thousands
Dec. 31, 2023
Dec. 31, 2022
Deposits [Abstract]    
One year or less $ 2,077,863 $ 1,189,826
After one year to two years 321,271 610,965
After two years to three years 57,836 92,120
After three years to four years 13,427 48,981
After four years 16,459 27,969
Total term certificate accounts $ 2,486,856 $ 1,969,861
v3.24.0.1
Deposits - Interest Expense on Deposits (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Thousands
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2023
Dec. 31, 2022
Dec. 31, 2021
Assets Sold under Agreements to Repurchase [Line Items]      
Interest expense on deposits $ 125,162 $ 27,878 $ 29,109
Demand (including money market accounts)      
Assets Sold under Agreements to Repurchase [Line Items]      
Interest expense on deposits 62,070 13,900 10,077
Savings and club deposits      
Assets Sold under Agreements to Repurchase [Line Items]      
Interest expense on deposits 2,231 466 731
Certificates of deposit      
Assets Sold under Agreements to Repurchase [Line Items]      
Interest expense on deposits $ 60,861 $ 13,512 $ 18,301
v3.24.0.1
Borrowings - Schedule of borrowed funds (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Thousands
Dec. 31, 2023
Dec. 31, 2022
Dec. 31, 2021
Debt Instrument [Line Items]      
Balance $ 1,528,695 $ 1,127,047  
Weighted Average Interest Rate 4.94% 4.36%  
FHLB advances      
Debt Instrument [Line Items]      
Balance $ 1,521,733 $ 1,090,159  
Weighted Average Interest Rate 4.92% 4.37%  
Notes payable      
Debt Instrument [Line Items]      
Balance $ 0 $ 29,894  
Weighted Average Interest Rate 0.00% 3.35% 3.35%
Junior subordinated debentures      
Debt Instrument [Line Items]      
Balance $ 6,962 $ 6,994  
Weighted Average Interest Rate 8.59% 7.69%  
v3.24.0.1
Borrowings - Narrative (Details) - USD ($)
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2023
Dec. 31, 2022
Dec. 31, 2021
Debt Instrument [Line Items]      
Balance $ 1,528,695,000 $ 1,127,047,000  
Unused line of credit 339,000,000 339,000,000  
Advances from federal home loan banks $ 3,600,000,000 $ 1,600,000,000  
Weighted average interest rate (as a percent) 4.94% 4.36%  
Proceeds from long-term borrowings $ 536,113,000 $ 335,893,000 $ 37,120,000
Subsidiaries      
Debt Instrument [Line Items]      
Advances from federal home loan banks 29,100,000 35,000,000  
Line of Credit      
Debt Instrument [Line Items]      
Balance 0 0  
Interest expense, debt 923,000 1,900,000 7,000
Line of Credit | Revolving Credit Facility      
Debt Instrument [Line Items]      
Interest expense, debt 95,000 122,000  
Line of credit facility, maximum borrowing capacity     30,000,000
Proceeds from long-term borrowings 1,500,000 6,500,000  
Repayments of long-term debt 1,500,000 6,500,000  
Securities sold under agreements to repurchase      
Debt Instrument [Line Items]      
Advances from federal home loan banks 16,400,000 87,700,000  
Securities sold under agreements to repurchase | Subsidiaries      
Debt Instrument [Line Items]      
Advances from federal home loan banks 43,100,000 27,600,000  
FHLB advances      
Debt Instrument [Line Items]      
Balance 1,521,733,000 1,090,159,000  
Interest expense, debt $ 61,500,000 $ 11,500,000 7,600,000
Weighted average interest rate (as a percent) 4.92% 4.37%  
Notes payable      
Debt Instrument [Line Items]      
Balance $ 0 $ 29,894,000  
Interest expense, debt $ 823,000 $ 1,100,000  
Debt instrument, face amount     $ 30,000,000
Weighted average interest rate (as a percent) 0.00% 3.35% 3.35%
Junior subordinated debentures      
Debt Instrument [Line Items]      
Balance $ 6,962,000 $ 6,994,000  
Interest expense, debt $ 624,000 $ 370,000 $ 245,000
Weighted average interest rate (as a percent) 8.59% 7.69%  
Interest rate, effective percentage 8.59% 7.69%  
Interest Rate Swap | FHLB advances      
Debt Instrument [Line Items]      
Notional amount of derivative $ 380,000,000 $ 290,000,000  
Secured Overnight Financing Rate (SOFR) | Junior subordinated debentures      
Debt Instrument [Line Items]      
Basis spread on variable rate 2.95%    
v3.24.0.1
Borrowings - Schedule of contractual maturity of borrowings (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Thousands
Dec. 31, 2023
Dec. 31, 2022
Debt Instrument [Line Items]    
Total FHLB advances $ 1,528,695 $ 1,127,047
Line of Credit and FHLB Advances    
Debt Instrument [Line Items]    
One year or less 906,995  
After one year to two years 142,438  
After two years to three years 187,102  
After three years to four years 124,648  
After four years 160,550  
Total FHLB advances $ 1,521,733  
v3.24.0.1
Stockholders' Equity - Actual Capital Amounts and Ratios (Details)
$ in Thousands
Dec. 31, 2023
USD ($)
Dec. 31, 2022
USD ($)
Parent Company    
Compliance with Regulatory Capital Requirements under Banking Regulations [Line Items]    
Capital conservation buffer, ratio 2.50%  
Actual, Amount    
Total capital $ 1,120,849 $ 1,145,331
Tier one capital 1,060,490 1,085,665
Common equity tier one capital 1,053,273 1,078,448
Tier one leverage capital $ 1,060,490 $ 1,085,665
Ratio, Actual    
Capital to risk weighted assets 0.1408 0.1539
Tier one risk based capital to risk weighted assets 0.1332 0.1459
Common equity tier one capital 0.1323 0.1449
Tier one leverage capital to average assets 0.1004 0.1068
Minimum Capital Adequacy Requirements, Amount    
Capital required for capital adequacy $ 636,767 $ 595,313
Tier one risk based capital required for capital adequacy 477,575 446,484
Common equity tier one capital required for capital adequacy 358,182 334,863
Tier one leverage capital required for capital adequacy $ 422,441 $ 406,643
Minimum Capital Adequacy Requirements, Ratio    
Capital required for capital adequacy to risk weighted assets 0.0800 0.0800
Tier one risk based capital required for capital adequacy to risk weighted assets 0.060 0.0600
Common equity tier one capital required for capital adequacy to risk weighted assets 0.0450 0.0450
Tier one leverage capital required for capital adequacy to average assets 0.040 0.0400
Minimum Capital Adequacy Requirements With Capital Conservation Buffer, Amount    
Capital required for capital adequacy with capital buffer $ 835,757 $ 781,348
Tier one risk based capital required for capital adequacy with capital buffer 676,565 632,520
Common equity tier one risk based capital required for capital adequacy with capital buffer 557,171 520,899
Tier one leverage capital required for capital adequacy with capital buffer to average assets $ 422,441 $ 406,643
Minimum Capital Adequacy Requirements With Capital Conservation Buffer, Ratio    
Capital required for capital adequacy with capital buffer to risk weighted assets 0.1050 0.1050
Tier one risk based capital required for capital adequacy with capital buffer to risk weighted assets 0.0850 0.0850
Common equity tier one risk based capital requirement for capital adequacy with capital buffer to risk weighted assets 0.0700 0.0700
Tier one leverage capital requirement for capital adequacy with capital buffer to average assets 4.00% 4.00%
Columbia Bank    
Actual, Amount    
Total capital $ 1,033,138 $ 1,019,850
Tier one capital 974,127 961,613
Common equity tier one capital 974,127 961,613
Tier one leverage capital $ 974,127 $ 961,613
Ratio, Actual    
Capital to risk weighted assets 0.1402 0.1412
Tier one risk based capital to risk weighted assets 0.1322 0.1332
Common equity tier one capital 0.1322 0.1332
Tier one leverage capital to average assets 0.0948 0.0974
Minimum Capital Adequacy Requirements, Amount    
Capital required for capital adequacy $ 589,622 $ 577,656
Tier one risk based capital required for capital adequacy 442,217 433,242
Common equity tier one capital required for capital adequacy 331,663 324,931
Tier one leverage capital required for capital adequacy $ 411,126 $ 394,968
Minimum Capital Adequacy Requirements, Ratio    
Capital required for capital adequacy to risk weighted assets 0.0800 0.0800
Tier one risk based capital required for capital adequacy to risk weighted assets 0.0600 0.0600
Common equity tier one capital required for capital adequacy to risk weighted assets 0.0450 0.0450
Tier one leverage capital required for capital adequacy to average assets 0.0400 0.0400
Minimum Capital Adequacy Requirements With Capital Conservation Buffer, Amount    
Capital required for capital adequacy with capital buffer $ 773,879 $ 758,173
Tier one risk based capital required for capital adequacy with capital buffer 626,474 613,759
Common equity tier one risk based capital required for capital adequacy with capital buffer 515,920 505,449
Tier one leverage capital required for capital adequacy with capital buffer to average assets $ 411,126 $ 394,968
Minimum Capital Adequacy Requirements With Capital Conservation Buffer, Ratio    
Capital required for capital adequacy with capital buffer to risk weighted assets 0.1050 0.1050
Tier one risk based capital required for capital adequacy with capital buffer to risk weighted assets 0.0850 0.0850
Common equity tier one risk based capital requirement for capital adequacy with capital buffer to risk weighted assets 0.0700 0.0700
Tier one leverage capital requirement for capital adequacy with capital buffer to average assets 4.00% 4.00%
To Be Well Capitalized Under Prompt Corrective Action Provisions, Amount    
Capital required to be well capitalized, amount $ 737,028 $ 722,070
Tier one risk based capital required to be well capitalized, amount 589,622 577,656
Common equity tier one capital required to be well-capitalized, amount 479,068 469,345
Tier one leverage capital required to be well capitalized, amount $ 513,908 $ 493,711
To Be Well Capitalized Under Prompt Corrective Action Provisions, Ratio    
Capital required to be well capitalized to risk weighted assets, ratio 0.1000 0.1000
Tier one risk based capital required to be well capitalized to risk weighted assets, ratio 0.080 0.0800
Common equity tier one capital required to be well-capitalized to risk weighted assets, ratio 0.0650 0.0650
Tier one leverage capital required to be well capitalized to average assets, ratio 0.0500 0.0500
Freehold Bank    
Actual, Amount    
Total capital $ 45,417 $ 44,725
Tier one capital 44,045 43,298
Common equity tier one capital 44,045 43,298
Tier one leverage capital $ 44,045 $ 43,298
Ratio, Actual    
Capital to risk weighted assets 0.2250 0.2292
Tier one risk based capital to risk weighted assets 0.2182 0.2219
Common equity tier one capital 0.2182 0.2219
Tier one leverage capital to average assets 0.1527 0.1519
Minimum Capital Adequacy Requirements, Amount    
Capital required for capital adequacy $ 16,152 $ 15,609
Tier one risk based capital required for capital adequacy 12,114 11,706
Common equity tier one capital required for capital adequacy 9,085 8,780
Tier one leverage capital required for capital adequacy $ 11,539 $ 11,399
Minimum Capital Adequacy Requirements, Ratio    
Capital required for capital adequacy to risk weighted assets 0.0800 0.0800
Tier one risk based capital required for capital adequacy to risk weighted assets 0.0600 0.0600
Common equity tier one capital required for capital adequacy to risk weighted assets 0.0450 0.0450
Tier one leverage capital required for capital adequacy to average assets 0.0400 0.0400
Minimum Capital Adequacy Requirements With Capital Conservation Buffer, Amount    
Capital required for capital adequacy with capital buffer $ 21,199 $ 20,486
Tier one risk based capital required for capital adequacy with capital buffer 17,161 16,584
Common equity tier one risk based capital required for capital adequacy with capital buffer 14,133 13,657
Tier one leverage capital required for capital adequacy with capital buffer to average assets $ 11,539 $ 11,399
Minimum Capital Adequacy Requirements With Capital Conservation Buffer, Ratio    
Capital required for capital adequacy with capital buffer to risk weighted assets 0.1050 0.1050
Tier one risk based capital required for capital adequacy with capital buffer to risk weighted assets 0.0850 0.0850
Common equity tier one risk based capital requirement for capital adequacy with capital buffer to risk weighted assets 0.0700 0.0700
Tier one leverage capital requirement for capital adequacy with capital buffer to average assets 4.00% 4.00%
To Be Well Capitalized Under Prompt Corrective Action Provisions, Amount    
Capital required to be well capitalized, amount $ 20,189 $ 19,511
Tier one risk based capital required to be well capitalized, amount 16,152 15,609
Common equity tier one capital required to be well-capitalized, amount 13,123 12,682
Tier one leverage capital required to be well capitalized, amount $ 14,424 $ 14,249
To Be Well Capitalized Under Prompt Corrective Action Provisions, Ratio    
Capital required to be well capitalized to risk weighted assets, ratio 0.1000 0.1000
Tier one risk based capital required to be well capitalized to risk weighted assets, ratio 0.0800 0.0800
Common equity tier one capital required to be well-capitalized to risk weighted assets, ratio 0.0650 0.0650
Tier one leverage capital required to be well capitalized to average assets, ratio 0.0500 0.0500
v3.24.0.1
Stockholders' Equity - Narrative (Details) - USD ($)
$ / shares in Units, $ in Thousands
12 Months Ended
May 25, 2023
Dec. 14, 2022
Dec. 06, 2021
Dec. 31, 2023
Dec. 31, 2022
Dec. 31, 2021
Equity [Abstract]            
Number of shares authorized to be repurchased (in shares) 2,000,000 3,000,000 5,000,000      
Stock repurchase program, percent of common stock 1.90% 2.70% 4.60%      
Stock repurchase program, remaining number of shares authorized to be repurchased (in shares)       1,106,841    
Treasury stock, shares purchased (in shares)       4,242,693 4,464,405 6,055,119
Cost method of shares repurchase       $ 80,497 $ 93,996 $ 107,774
Cost method of shares repurchased (in dollars per share)       $ 18.97 $ 21.05 $ 17.80
v3.24.0.1
Employee Benefit Plans - Narrative (Details)
$ in Thousands
1 Months Ended 3 Months Ended 12 Months Ended
Apr. 30, 2018
USD ($)
shares
Dec. 31, 2021
USD ($)
Dec. 31, 2023
USD ($)
yr
Dec. 31, 2022
USD ($)
Dec. 31, 2021
USD ($)
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]          
Years of employment benefits are based upon     5 years    
Bank-owned life insurance ("BOLI")     $ 268,362 $ 264,854  
Bank-owned life insurance income   $ 6,000 10,126 7,393 $ 5,994
Defined contribution plan, cost     2,800    
Defined contribution plan, employer discretionary contribution amount     245 204 213
Employee stock ownership plan, compensation expense     (4,095) (4,850) (4,052)
RIM Plan          
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]          
Defined benefit plan, funded (unfunded) status of plan     (13,550) (12,610)  
Defined contribution plan, cost     40 73 12
SERP compensation (benefit) expense     (32) 455 348
Defined benefit plan, net periodic benefit cost (credit)     966 1,205 1,405
RIM Plan | Acquired Roselle Plan          
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]          
Defined benefit plan, net periodic benefit cost (credit)     20 12 9
RIM Plan | Acquired Freehold Plan          
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]          
Defined benefit plan, net periodic benefit cost (credit)     2 8 1
RIM Plan | Acquired RSI Plan          
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]          
Defined benefit plan, net periodic benefit cost (credit)       38  
Post-retirement Plan          
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]          
Defined benefit plan, funded (unfunded) status of plan     $ (21,148) (19,783)  
Trend rate, pre-65 (as a percent)     0.0760    
Trend rate, post-65 (as a percent)     0.0785    
Trend rate, through 2033 (as a percent)     0.0450    
Defined benefit plan, net periodic benefit cost (credit)     $ 1,185 1,257 1,695
Post-retirement Plan | Acquired RSI Plan          
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]          
Defined benefit plan, funded (unfunded) status of plan     (2,503) (2,047)  
Defined benefit plan, net periodic benefit cost (credit)     113 (244)  
Pension Plan          
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]          
Defined benefit plan, funded (unfunded) status of plan     197,691 181,620  
Defined contribution plan, cost       2,400 2,100
Defined benefit plan, net periodic benefit cost (credit)     (13,659) (11,966) (9,471)
Pension Plan | Acquired RSI Plan          
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]          
Defined benefit plan, funded (unfunded) status of plan     0 1,004  
Defined benefit plan, net periodic benefit cost (credit)     (182) (107)  
Other Pension, Postretirement and Supplemental Plans | Acquired Freehold Plan          
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]          
Defined benefit plan, net periodic benefit cost (credit)     (24) 9 1
Defined benefit plan, annual benefit payment amount     $ 12    
Defined benefit plan, benefit payment installment period     120 months    
Liability, defined benefit plan     $ 387 390  
Other Pension, Postretirement and Supplemental Plans | Acquired RSI Plan          
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]          
Liability, defined benefit plan     262 257  
Defined benefit plan, expense     $ 11 7  
Postemployment Retirement Benefits | Acquired Freehold Plan          
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]          
Defined benefit plan, benefit payment installment period     120 months    
Defined benefit plan, percent return on deferrals     10.00%    
Liability, defined benefit plan     $ 66 399  
Postemployment Retirement Benefits | Acquired RSI Plan          
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]          
Liability, defined benefit plan     290 351  
Defined benefit plan, expense     $ 11 8  
Defined benefit plan, period directors elected not to receive director fees     5 years    
Defined benefit plan, benefit payable accrual period     10 years    
Defined benefit plan, payment commencement age | yr     65    
Defined benefit plan, payment commencement period from plan implementation     5 years    
Maximum          
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]          
Defined contribution plan, employer matching contribution, percent of match     4.50%    
Maximum | Pension Plan          
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]          
Defined contribution plan, employer matching contribution, percent of match     4.50%    
Minimum          
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]          
Defined contribution plan, employer matching contribution, percent of match     3.00%    
Minimum | Pension Plan          
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]          
Defined contribution plan, employer matching contribution, percent of match     3.00%    
Columbia Bank Employee Stock Ownership Plan          
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]          
Proceeds from repayments of loans by employee stock ownership plans $ 45,400        
Loan term 20 years   20 years    
Shares contributed to ESOP (in shares) | shares 4,542,855        
Fixed interest rate 4.75%        
Employee stock ownership plan, compensation expense     $ (4,100) $ (4,900) $ (4,100)
v3.24.0.1
Employee Benefit Plans - Schedule of Change in Benefit Obligation and Plan Assets (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Thousands
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2023
Dec. 31, 2022
Dec. 31, 2021
Pension Plan      
Change in benefit obligation:      
Benefit obligation, beginning balance $ 222,132 $ 310,416  
Acquired 0 0  
Service cost 4,679 6,466 $ 8,044
Interest cost 11,637 9,510 7,317
Actuarial loss (gain) 22,535 (88,943)  
Benefits paid (10,866) (15,317)  
Impact of plan merger 5,751 0  
Benefit obligation, ending balance 255,868 222,132 310,416
Change in plan assets:      
Fair value of plan assets, beginning balance 403,752 492,132  
Actuarial return (loss) on plan assets 53,391 (83,063)  
Employer contributions 0 10,000  
Benefits paid (10,866) (15,317)  
Impact of plan merger 7,282 0  
Fair value of plan assets, ending balance 453,559 403,752 492,132
Funded status at end of year 197,691 181,620  
Pension Plan | Acquired RSI Plan      
Change in benefit obligation:      
Benefit obligation, beginning balance 6,057 0  
Acquired 0 7,202  
Service cost 0 0  
Interest cost 305 198  
Actuarial loss (gain) (416) (1,009)  
Benefits paid (195) (129)  
Settlements 0 (205)  
Impact of plan merger (5,751) 0  
Benefit obligation, ending balance 0 6,057 0
Change in plan assets:      
Fair value of plan assets, beginning balance 7,061 0  
Acquired 0 7,819  
Actuarial return (loss) on plan assets 416 (424)  
Employer contributions 0 0  
Benefits paid (195) (129)  
Settlements 0 (205)  
Impact of plan merger (7,282) 0  
Fair value of plan assets, ending balance 0 7,061 0
Funded status at end of year 0 1,004  
RIM Plan      
Change in benefit obligation:      
Benefit obligation, beginning balance 12,610 15,650  
Acquired 0 0  
Service cost 277 372 398
Interest cost 632 389 343
Actuarial loss (gain) 377 (3,505)  
Benefits paid (346) (296)  
Impact of plan merger 0 0  
Benefit obligation, ending balance 13,550 12,610 15,650
Change in plan assets:      
Fair value of plan assets, beginning balance 0 0  
Actuarial return (loss) on plan assets 0 0  
Employer contributions 346 296  
Benefits paid (346) (296)  
Impact of plan merger 0 0  
Fair value of plan assets, ending balance 0 0 0
Funded status at end of year (13,550) (12,610)  
Post-retirement Plan      
Change in benefit obligation:      
Benefit obligation, beginning balance 19,783 26,335  
Acquired 0 0  
Service cost 215 346 520
Interest cost 970 600 562
Actuarial loss (gain) 947 (6,849)  
Benefits paid (767) (649)  
Impact of plan merger 0 0  
Benefit obligation, ending balance 21,148 19,783 26,335
Change in plan assets:      
Fair value of plan assets, beginning balance 0 0  
Actuarial return (loss) on plan assets 0 0  
Employer contributions 767 649  
Benefits paid (767) (649)  
Impact of plan merger 0 0  
Fair value of plan assets, ending balance 0 0 0
Funded status at end of year (21,148) (19,783)  
Post-retirement Plan | Acquired RSI Plan      
Change in benefit obligation:      
Benefit obligation, beginning balance 2,047 0  
Acquired 0 3,163  
Service cost 67 93  
Interest cost 107 93  
Actuarial loss (gain) 313 (1,298)  
Benefits paid (31) (4)  
Settlements 0 0  
Impact of plan merger 0 0  
Benefit obligation, ending balance 2,503 2,047 0
Change in plan assets:      
Fair value of plan assets, beginning balance 0 0  
Acquired 0 0  
Actuarial return (loss) on plan assets 0 0  
Employer contributions 31 4  
Benefits paid (31) (4)  
Settlements 0 0  
Impact of plan merger 0 0  
Fair value of plan assets, ending balance 0 0 0
Funded status at end of year (2,503) (2,047)  
Split-Dollar Life Insurance      
Change in benefit obligation:      
Benefit obligation, beginning balance 15,977 20,140  
Acquired 0 1,503  
Service cost 277 511 562
Interest cost 818 612 500
Actuarial loss (gain) 81 (6,534)  
Benefits paid (196) (255)  
Impact of plan merger 0 0  
Benefit obligation, ending balance 16,957 15,977 20,140
Change in plan assets:      
Fair value of plan assets, beginning balance 0 0  
Actuarial return (loss) on plan assets 0 0  
Employer contributions 196 255  
Benefits paid (196) (255)  
Impact of plan merger 0 0  
Fair value of plan assets, ending balance 0 0 $ 0
Funded status at end of year $ (16,957) $ (15,977)  
v3.24.0.1
Employee Benefit Plans - Schedule of Components of Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Thousands
Dec. 31, 2023
Dec. 31, 2022
Dec. 31, 2021
Pension Plan      
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]      
Unrecognized prior service costs $ 0 $ 0 $ 0
Unrecognized net actuarial loss (income) 59,463 60,970 38,909
Total accumulated other comprehensive (income) loss 59,463 60,970 38,909
Pension Plan | Acquired RSI Plan      
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]      
Unrecognized prior service costs 0 0  
Unrecognized net actuarial loss (income) 0 (281)  
Total accumulated other comprehensive (income) loss 0 (281)  
RIM Plan      
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]      
Unrecognized prior service costs 0 0 0
Unrecognized net actuarial loss (income) 2,102 1,781 5,730
Total accumulated other comprehensive (income) loss 2,102 1,781 5,730
Post-retirement Plan      
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]      
Unrecognized prior service costs 0 0 0
Unrecognized net actuarial loss (income) 787 (161) 6,999
Total accumulated other comprehensive (income) loss 787 (161) 6,999
Post-retirement Plan | Acquired RSI Plan      
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]      
Unrecognized prior service costs 0 0  
Unrecognized net actuarial loss (income) (493) (868)  
Total accumulated other comprehensive (income) loss (493) (868)  
Split-Dollar Life Insurance      
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]      
Unrecognized prior service costs 238 294 350
Unrecognized net actuarial loss (income) 16 (65) 7,071
Total accumulated other comprehensive (income) loss $ 254 $ 229 $ 7,421
v3.24.0.1
Employee Benefit Plans - Schedule of Net Periodic Benefit Cost (Income) (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Thousands
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2023
Dec. 31, 2022
Dec. 31, 2021
Pension Plan      
Defined Benefit Plans and Other Postretirement Benefit Plans Table Text Block [Line Items]      
Service cost $ 4,679 $ 6,466 $ 8,044
Interest cost 11,637 9,510 7,317
Expected return on plan assets (30,771) (29,262) (26,833)
Amortization of Prior service cost 0 0 0
Net loss 796 1,320 2,001
Net periodic (income) benefit cost (13,659) (11,966) (9,471)
Pension Plan | Acquired RSI Plan      
Defined Benefit Plans and Other Postretirement Benefit Plans Table Text Block [Line Items]      
Service cost 0 0  
Interest cost 305 198  
Expected return on plan assets (487) (295)  
Settlements/curtailments   (10)  
Net loss 0    
Net periodic (income) benefit cost (182) (107)  
RIM Plan      
Defined Benefit Plans and Other Postretirement Benefit Plans Table Text Block [Line Items]      
Service cost 277 372 398
Interest cost 632 389 343
Expected return on plan assets 0 0 0
Amortization of Prior service cost 0 0 0
Net loss 57 444 664
Net periodic (income) benefit cost 966 1,205 1,405
RIM Plan | Acquired RSI Plan      
Defined Benefit Plans and Other Postretirement Benefit Plans Table Text Block [Line Items]      
Net periodic (income) benefit cost   38  
Post-retirement Plan      
Defined Benefit Plans and Other Postretirement Benefit Plans Table Text Block [Line Items]      
Service cost 215 346 520
Interest cost 970 600 562
Expected return on plan assets 0 0 0
Amortization of Prior service cost 0 0 0
Net loss 0 311 613
Net periodic (income) benefit cost 1,185 1,257 1,695
Post-retirement Plan | Acquired RSI Plan      
Defined Benefit Plans and Other Postretirement Benefit Plans Table Text Block [Line Items]      
Service cost 67 93  
Interest cost 107 93  
Expected return on plan assets 0 0  
Settlements/curtailments   (430)  
Net loss (61)    
Net periodic (income) benefit cost 113 (244)  
Split-Dollar Life Insurance      
Defined Benefit Plans and Other Postretirement Benefit Plans Table Text Block [Line Items]      
Service cost 277 511 562
Interest cost 818 612 500
Expected return on plan assets 0 0 0
Amortization of Prior service cost 56 56 56
Net loss 0 602 765
Net periodic (income) benefit cost $ 1,151 $ 1,781 $ 1,883
v3.24.0.1
Employee Benefit Plans - Schedule of Weighted Average Actuarial Assumptions (Details)
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2023
Dec. 31, 2022
Dec. 31, 2021
Pension Plan      
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]      
Discount rate 5.07% 5.26% 3.14%
Rate of compensation increase 4.50% 3.75% 3.75%
Benefit obligation 5.26% 3.14% 2.92%
Benefit obligation remeasurement rate 5.19% 4.86% 3.20%
Service cost 5.36% 3.32% 3.21%
Service cost remeasurement rate 5.26% 4.95% 3.46%
Interest cost 5.14% 2.66% 2.28%
Interest cost remeasurement rate 5.16% 4.58% 2.55%
Expected rate of return on plan assets 7.50% 6.20% 6.20%
Expected rate of return on plan assets remeasurement rate 7.50% 7.00%  
Rate of compensation increase 4.50% 3.75% 3.75%
Pension Plan | Acquired RSI Plan      
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]      
Discount rate   5.24%  
Benefit obligation 5.24% 4.21%  
Expected rate of return on plan assets 7.00% 5.75%  
RIM Plan      
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]      
Discount rate 5.01% 5.21% 2.97%
Rate of compensation increase 4.50% 3.75% 3.75%
Benefit obligation 5.21% 2.97% 2.67%
Service cost 5.28% 3.16% 2.93%
Interest cost 5.10% 2.52% 2.10%
Rate of compensation increase 3.75% 3.75% 3.75%
Post-retirement Plan      
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]      
Discount rate 4.96% 5.18% 2.90%
Benefit obligation 5.18% 2.90% 2.59%
Service cost 5.30% 3.19% 2.96%
Interest cost 5.07% 2.34% 1.88%
Post-retirement Plan | Acquired RSI Plan      
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]      
Discount rate 5.16% 5.36%  
Benefit obligation 5.16% 4.58%  
Split-Dollar Life Insurance      
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]      
Discount rate 5.11% 5.31% 3.22%
Rate of compensation increase 4.50% 3.75% 3.75%
Benefit obligation 5.31% 3.30% 3.01%
Service cost 5.41% 3.49% 3.26%
Interest cost 5.19% 2.95% 2.53%
Rate of compensation increase 3.75% 3.75% 3.75%
v3.24.0.1
Employee Benefit Plans - Schedule of Estimated Future Benefit Payments (Details)
$ in Thousands
Dec. 31, 2023
USD ($)
Pension Plan  
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]  
2024 $ 11,392
2025 12,463
2026 13,481
2027 14,473
2028 15,390
2029 - 2033 85,990
RIM Plan  
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]  
2024 595
2025 878
2026 924
2027 952
2028 974
2029 - 2033 5,018
Post-retirement Plan  
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]  
2024 1,489
2025 1,628
2026 1,760
2027 1,828
2028 1,833
2029 - 2033 8,240
Post-retirement Plan | Acquired RSI Plan  
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]  
2024 45
2025 52
2026 66
2027 81
2028 92
2029 - 2033 576
Split-Dollar Life Insurance  
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]  
2024 475
2025 535
2026 597
2027 656
2028 719
2029 - 2033 $ 4,544
v3.24.0.1
Employee Benefit Plans - Schedule of Weighted Average and Target Allocations of Pension Assets (Details) - Pension Plan
Dec. 31, 2023
Dec. 31, 2022
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]    
Weighted average assets allocations, percentage 100.00% 100.00%
Acquired RSI Plan    
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]    
Weighted average assets allocations, percentage   100.00%
Equities | Acquired RSI Plan    
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]    
Weighted average assets allocations, percentage   66.80%
Domestic equities    
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]    
Weighted average assets allocations, percentage 31.20% 38.40%
Foreign equities    
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]    
Weighted average assets allocations, percentage 10.90% 11.10%
Fixed income    
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]    
Weighted average assets allocations, percentage 55.50% 49.00%
Fixed income | Acquired RSI Plan    
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]    
Weighted average assets allocations, percentage   32.20%
Money market mutual funds    
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]    
Weighted average assets allocations, percentage 2.40% 1.50%
Money market mutual funds | Acquired RSI Plan    
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]    
Weighted average assets allocations, percentage   1.00%
Minimum | Equities    
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]    
Plan assets, target allocation, percent 30.00%  
Minimum | Fixed income    
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]    
Plan assets, target allocation, percent 40.00%  
Minimum | Commingled real estate funds    
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]    
Plan assets, target allocation, percent 0.00%  
Minimum | Money market mutual funds    
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]    
Plan assets, target allocation, percent 0.00%  
Maximum | Equities    
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]    
Plan assets, target allocation, percent 60.00%  
Maximum | Fixed income    
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]    
Plan assets, target allocation, percent 70.00%  
Maximum | Commingled real estate funds    
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]    
Plan assets, target allocation, percent 10.00%  
Maximum | Money market mutual funds    
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]    
Plan assets, target allocation, percent 10.00%  
v3.24.0.1
Employee Benefit Plans - Schedule of Fair Value of Plan Assets (Details) - Pension Plan - USD ($)
$ in Thousands
Dec. 31, 2023
Dec. 31, 2022
Dec. 31, 2021
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]      
Fair value of plan assets $ 453,559 $ 403,752 $ 492,132
Acquired RSI Plan      
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]      
Fair value of plan assets 0 7,061 $ 0
Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1)      
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]      
Fair value of plan assets 453,559 403,752  
Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1) | Acquired RSI Plan      
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]      
Fair value of plan assets   70  
Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)      
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]      
Fair value of plan assets 0 0  
Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2) | Acquired RSI Plan      
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]      
Fair value of plan assets   6,991  
Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)      
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]      
Fair value of plan assets 0 0  
Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3) | Acquired RSI Plan      
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]      
Fair value of plan assets   0  
Money market mutual funds      
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]      
Fair value of plan assets 10,711 6,247  
Money market mutual funds | Acquired RSI Plan      
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]      
Fair value of plan assets   70  
Money market mutual funds | Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1)      
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]      
Fair value of plan assets 10,711 6,247  
Money market mutual funds | Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1) | Acquired RSI Plan      
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]      
Fair value of plan assets   70  
Money market mutual funds | Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)      
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]      
Fair value of plan assets 0 0  
Money market mutual funds | Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2) | Acquired RSI Plan      
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]      
Fair value of plan assets   0  
Money market mutual funds | Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)      
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]      
Fair value of plan assets 0 0  
Money market mutual funds | Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3) | Acquired RSI Plan      
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]      
Fair value of plan assets   0  
Mutual funds - value stock fund      
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]      
Fair value of plan assets 18,132 32,764  
Mutual funds - value stock fund | Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1)      
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]      
Fair value of plan assets 18,132 32,764  
Mutual funds - value stock fund | Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)      
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]      
Fair value of plan assets 0 0  
Mutual funds - value stock fund | Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)      
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]      
Fair value of plan assets 0 0  
Fixed income      
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]      
Fair value of plan assets 251,889 197,680  
Fixed income | Acquired RSI Plan      
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]      
Fair value of plan assets   2,271  
Fixed income | Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1)      
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]      
Fair value of plan assets 251,889 197,680  
Fixed income | Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1) | Acquired RSI Plan      
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]      
Fair value of plan assets   0  
Fixed income | Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)      
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]      
Fair value of plan assets 0 0  
Fixed income | Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2) | Acquired RSI Plan      
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]      
Fair value of plan assets   2,271  
Fixed income | Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)      
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]      
Fair value of plan assets 0 0  
Fixed income | Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3) | Acquired RSI Plan      
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]      
Fair value of plan assets   0  
Mutual funds - international stock      
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]      
Fair value of plan assets 49,260 44,833  
Mutual funds - international stock | Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1)      
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]      
Fair value of plan assets 49,260 44,833  
Mutual funds - international stock | Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)      
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]      
Fair value of plan assets 0 0  
Mutual funds - international stock | Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)      
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]      
Fair value of plan assets 0 0  
Mutual funds - institutional stock index      
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]      
Fair value of plan assets 123,567 122,228  
Mutual funds - institutional stock index | Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1)      
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]      
Fair value of plan assets 123,567 122,228  
Mutual funds - institutional stock index | Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)      
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]      
Fair value of plan assets 0 0  
Mutual funds - institutional stock index | Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)      
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]      
Fair value of plan assets $ 0 0  
Equities | Acquired RSI Plan      
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]      
Fair value of plan assets   4,720  
Equities | Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1) | Acquired RSI Plan      
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]      
Fair value of plan assets   0  
Equities | Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2) | Acquired RSI Plan      
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]      
Fair value of plan assets   4,720  
Equities | Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3) | Acquired RSI Plan      
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]      
Fair value of plan assets   $ 0  
v3.24.0.1
Employee Benefit Plans - Schedule of Employee Stock Ownership Plan (Details) - USD ($)
shares in Thousands, $ in Thousands
Dec. 31, 2023
Dec. 31, 2022
Retirement Benefits [Abstract]    
Allocated shares (in shares) 1,190 1,005
Unearned shares (in shares) 3,248 3,475
Total ESOP shares (in shares) 4,438 4,480
Fair value of unearned ESOP shares $ 62,618 $ 75,129
v3.24.0.1
Employee Benefit Plans - Stock Based Compensation Narrative (Details) - USD ($)
$ / shares in Units, $ in Thousands
12 Months Ended
Jun. 20, 2023
May 01, 2023
Dec. 19, 2022
Nov. 21, 2022
Oct. 31, 2022
Mar. 21, 2022
Mar. 02, 2022
Mar. 22, 2021
Dec. 31, 2023
Dec. 31, 2022
Dec. 31, 2021
Jun. 06, 2019
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]                        
Number of shares authorized (in shares)                       7,949,996
Grants in period (in shares)   286,016 58,912   173,766 130,951     286,016 363,629    
Grants in period (in dollars per share)   $ 5.48 $ 6.79   $ 7.22 $ 6.51            
Grants in period (in dollars per share)         $ 20.54 $ 21.79     $ 15.94 $ 21.08    
Options exercised in period, intrinsic value                 $ 154 $ 1,800 $ 60  
Restricted Stock                        
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]                        
Number of shares authorized (in shares)                       2,271,427
Number of shares available for grant (in shares)                 578,463      
Equity instruments other than options, grants in period (in shares) 24,687 201,887 18,984 13,722 38,730   51,746   247,646 123,182    
Equity instruments other than options, grants in period (in dollars per share) $ 18.23 $ 15.94 $ 21.07 $ 21.86 $ 20.54   $ 21.79   $ 16.43 $ 21.29    
Share-based payment expense                 $ 4,100 $ 4,300 $ 5,700  
Equity instrument other than options, nonvested (in shares)                 435,541 430,954 1,054,335  
Nonvested award, excluding option, cost not yet recognized                 $ 5,000      
Cost not yet recognized, period for recognition                 1 year 6 months      
Stock Option                        
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]                        
Number of shares authorized (in shares)                       5,678,569
Number of shares available for grant (in shares)                 1,706,158      
Award vesting period (in years)   3 years 1 year   3 years     3 years        
Share-based payment expense                 $ 3,900 $ 3,200 $ 3,200  
Equity instrument other than options, nonvested (in shares)                 1,056,804      
Nonvested award, excluding option, cost not yet recognized                 $ 3,500      
Cost not yet recognized, period for recognition                 1 year 6 months      
Expiration period (in years)   10 years 10 years   10 years 10 years            
Expected term   6 years 5 years 6 months   6 years 6 years            
Risk free interest rate   3.60% 3.71%   4.19% 2.34%            
Expected volatility rate   27.07% 26.11%   26.25% 25.31%            
Expected dividend rate   0.00% 0.00%   0.00% 0.00%            
Minimum | Restricted Stock                        
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]                        
Award vesting period (in years)                 1 year      
Maximum | Restricted Stock                        
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]                        
Award vesting period (in years)                 5 years      
Share-based Payment Arrangement, Tranche One | Restricted Stock                        
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]                        
Award vesting period (in years)                 1 year      
Share-based Payment Arrangement, Tranche One | Stock Option                        
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]                        
Award vesting period (in years)   1 year 1 year   1 year     1 year        
v3.24.0.1
Employee Benefit Plans - Restricted Stock Activity (Details) - Restricted Stock - $ / shares
12 Months Ended
Jun. 20, 2023
May 01, 2023
Dec. 19, 2022
Nov. 21, 2022
Oct. 31, 2022
Mar. 02, 2022
Dec. 31, 2023
Dec. 31, 2022
Number of Restricted Shares                
Beginning balance (in shares)             430,954 1,054,335
Granted (in shares) 24,687 201,887 18,984 13,722 38,730 51,746 247,646 123,182
Vested (in shares)             (213,253) (677,886)
Forfeited (in shares)             (29,806) (68,677)
Ending balance (in shares)             435,541 430,954
Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value                
Beginning balance (in dollars per share)             $ 17.31 $ 15.78
Granted (in dollars per share) $ 18.23 $ 15.94 $ 21.07 $ 21.86 $ 20.54 $ 21.79 16.43 21.29
Vested (in dollars per share)             17.29 15.73
Forfeited (in dollars per share)             17.96 16.54
Ending balance (in dollars per share)             $ 16.77 $ 17.31
v3.24.0.1
Employee Benefit Plans - Stock Option Activity (Details) - USD ($)
12 Months Ended
May 01, 2023
Dec. 19, 2022
Oct. 31, 2022
Mar. 21, 2022
Dec. 31, 2023
Dec. 31, 2022
Dec. 31, 2021
Number of Stock Options              
Beginning balance (in shares)         3,436,869 3,637,542  
Granted (in shares) 286,016 58,912 173,766 130,951 286,016 363,629  
Exercised (in shares)         (44,117) (315,703) (28,522)
Expired (in shares)         (8,281) (10,116)  
Forfeited (in shares)         (86,418) (238,483)  
Ending balance (in shares)         3,584,069 3,436,869 3,637,542
Options exercisable (in shares)         2,527,265    
Weighted Average Exercise Price              
Beginning balance (in dollars per share)         $ 16.26 $ 15.78  
Granted (in dollars per share)     $ 20.54 $ 21.79 15.94 21.08  
Exercised (in dollars per share)         15.60 15.76  
Expired (in dollars per share)         17.12 15.60  
Forfeited (in dollars per share)         18.04 16.20  
Ending balance (in dollars per share)         16.20 $ 16.26 $ 15.78
Options exercisable (in dollars per share)         $ 16.01    
Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Term (in years)              
Outstanding         6 years 1 month 6 days 6 years 10 months 24 days 7 years 7 months 6 days
Options exercisable         5 years 8 months 12 days    
Aggregate Intrinsic Value              
Outstanding         $ 0 $ 18,435,239 $ 18,654,905
Options exercisable         $ 8,527,928    
v3.24.0.1
Income Taxes - Schedule of Income Tax Expense (Benefit) (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Thousands
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2023
Dec. 31, 2022
Dec. 31, 2021
Current:      
Federal $ 3,488 $ 13,253 $ 12,443
State 3,102 4,681 3,980
Total current 6,590 17,934 16,423
Deferred:      
Federal 6,615 9,222 12,594
State (3,240) 3,547 5,115
Total deferred 3,375 12,769 17,709
Total income tax expense $ 9,965 $ 30,703 $ 34,132
v3.24.0.1
Income Taxes - Narrative (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Thousands
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2023
Dec. 31, 2022
Dec. 31, 2021
Income Tax Contingency [Line Items]      
Deferred income tax expense (benefit), related to unrealized gain (losses) on available-for-sale securities $ (11,500) $ 53,400 $ 8,000
Reclassification adjustment of actuarial net (loss) gain included in net income 218 749 1,100
Deferred tax (benefit) expense 3,375 12,769 17,709
Deferred tax assets 25,491 36,899  
Included in retained earnings, no provision for income tax 21,500 21,500  
Valuation allowance 26 1,965  
Operating loss carryforwards 186,000 147,000  
New Jersey Division of Taxation      
Income Tax Contingency [Line Items]      
Tax credit carryforward, amount 2,200 2,200  
Accounting Standards Update 2016-13 | Impact of adopting ASU 2016-13 (CECL) effective January 1, 2022      
Income Tax Contingency [Line Items]      
Deferred tax assets   2,400  
RSI, Freehold, Roselle, And Stewardship Acquisitions      
Income Tax Contingency [Line Items]      
Deferred tax (benefit) expense   9,600 $ 1,500
Roselle Entities      
Income Tax Contingency [Line Items]      
Operating loss carryforwards 5,600 7,800  
RSI Entities      
Income Tax Contingency [Line Items]      
Operating loss carryforwards $ 5,200 $ 8,600  
v3.24.0.1
Income Taxes - Schedule of Effective Tax Rate Reconciliation (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Thousands
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2023
Dec. 31, 2022
Dec. 31, 2021
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]      
Tax expense at applicable statutory rate $ 9,670 $ 24,544 $ 26,498
Increase (decrease) in taxes resulting from:      
State tax, net of federal income tax benefit (103) 6,449 7,185
ESOP fair market value adjustment 383 540 375
Tax exempt interest income (22) (31) (15)
162(m) 549 0 0
Income from Bank-owned life insurance (1,865) (1,179) (863)
Dividend received deduction 0 (10) (14)
Non-deductible merger-related expenses 0 40 53
Expired charitable contributions carryforward 1,368 0 0
Other, net (15) 350 913
Total income tax expense $ 9,965 $ 30,703 $ 34,132
v3.24.0.1
Income Taxes - Schedule of Deferred Tax Assets and Liabilities (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Thousands
Dec. 31, 2023
Dec. 31, 2022
Deferred tax assets:    
Allowance for credit losses $ 15,507 $ 14,990
Post-retirement benefits 6,602 6,002
Deferred compensation 2,122 3,619
Retirement Income Maintenance plan 3,222 3,062
ESOP 1,131 990
Stock-based compensation 2,968 2,386
Reserve for uncollected interest 213 35
Net unrealized losses on debt securities and defined benefit plans 62,070 70,060
Federal and State NOLs 14,607 13,333
Alternative minimum assessment carryforwards 2,156 2,156
Charitable contribution carryforward 0 3,514
Purchase accounting 1,428 2,805
Lease liability 4,654 5,264
Other items 4,744 7,002
Gross deferred tax assets 121,424 135,218
Valuation allowance (26) (1,965)
Total deferred tax assets, net 121,398 133,253
Deferred tax liabilities:    
Pension expense 72,307 68,825
Depreciation 2,996 5,945
Deferred loan costs 14,006 14,724
Intangible assets 1,609 1,616
Lease right-of-use asset 4,371 4,958
Other items 618 286
Total gross deferred tax liabilities 95,907 96,354
Net deferred tax asset (liability) $ 25,491 $ 36,899
v3.24.0.1
Financial Transactions with Off-Balance-Sheet Risk and Concentrations of Credit Risk - Schedule of Loan Commitments (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Thousands
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2023
Dec. 31, 2022
Concentration Risk [Line Items]    
Loan commitments $ 102,117 $ 254,401
Residential real estate    
Concentration Risk [Line Items]    
Loan commitments 12,298 55,852
Multifamily    
Concentration Risk [Line Items]    
Loan commitments 0 50,175
Commercial real estate    
Concentration Risk [Line Items]    
Loan commitments 7,203 17,621
Commercial business    
Concentration Risk [Line Items]    
Loan commitments 23,217 24,846
Construction    
Concentration Risk [Line Items]    
Loan commitments 54,082 100,430
Home equity loans and advances    
Concentration Risk [Line Items]    
Loan commitments $ 5,317 $ 5,477
v3.24.0.1
Financial Transactions with Off-Balance-Sheet Risk and Concentrations of Credit Risk - Narrative (Details) - USD ($)
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2023
Dec. 31, 2022
Dec. 31, 2021
Loss Contingencies [Line Items]      
Derivative liabilities, at fair value, net $ (6,100,000) $ (684,000)  
Off-balance sheet, credit loss, liability 5,484,000 6,970,000 $ 524,000
(Reversal of) provision for credit losses (1,486,000) (1,228,000)  
Disposal Group, Held-for-sale, Not Discontinued Operations      
Loss Contingencies [Line Items]      
Fair value disclosure, off-balance sheet risk, amount, liability 0    
Unused lines of Credit      
Loss Contingencies [Line Items]      
Fair value disclosure, off-balance sheet risk, amount, liability 1,300,000,000 1,200,000,000  
Mortgages      
Loss Contingencies [Line Items]      
Fair value disclosure, off-balance sheet risk, amount, liability 0    
Letter of Credit      
Loss Contingencies [Line Items]      
Fair value disclosure, off-balance sheet risk, amount, liability 33,100,000 20,400,000  
Letter of Credit | Columbia Bank's New Jersey Public Fund      
Loss Contingencies [Line Items]      
Fair value disclosure, off-balance sheet risk, amount, liability 575,000,000    
Letter of Credit | New Jersey Governmental Unit Deposit Protection Act      
Loss Contingencies [Line Items]      
Fair value disclosure, off-balance sheet risk, amount, liability $ 600,000 $ 600,000  
v3.24.0.1
Financial Transactions with Off-Balance-Sheet Risk and Concentrations of Credit Risk - Schedule of Fair Value, off-Balance-Sheet Risks (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Thousands
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2023
Dec. 31, 2022
Off-Balance-Sheet, Credit Loss, Liability [Roll Forward]    
Beginning balance $ 6,970 $ 524
(Reversal of) provision for credit losses (1,486) (1,228)
Ending balance $ 5,484 6,970
Accounting Standards Update 2016-13 | Impact of adopting ASU 2016-13 (CECL) effective January 1, 2022    
Off-Balance-Sheet, Credit Loss, Liability [Roll Forward]    
Beginning balance   $ 7,674
v3.24.0.1
Fair Value Measurements - Narrative (Details)
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2023
security
Dec. 31, 2022
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]    
Derivative Asset, Statement of Financial Position [Extensible Enumeration] Other assets Other assets
Derivative Liability, Statement of Financial Position [Extensible Enumeration] Accrued expenses and other liabilities Accrued expenses and other liabilities
Measured on recurring basis | Corporate debt securities    
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]    
Number of assets transferred from level 2 into level 3 2  
Measured on recurring basis | Corporate debt securities | Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3) | Measurement Input, Market Yield | Discounted Cash Flow    
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]    
Debt securities, available-for-sale, measurement input 0.1200  
Measured on recurring basis | Municipal obligations    
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]    
Number of assets transferred from level 2 into level 3 4  
Minimum    
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]    
Adjustments for estimated costs to sell collateral dependent impaired loans 6.00%  
Minimum | Measured on recurring basis | Municipal obligations | Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3) | Measurement Input, Market Yield | Discounted Cash Flow    
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]    
Debt securities, available-for-sale, measurement input 0.0340  
Maximum    
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]    
Adjustments for estimated costs to sell collateral dependent impaired loans 8.00%  
Maximum | Measured on recurring basis | Municipal obligations | Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3) | Measurement Input, Market Yield | Discounted Cash Flow    
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]    
Debt securities, available-for-sale, measurement input 0.0399  
Weighted Average | Measured on recurring basis | Corporate debt securities | Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3) | Measurement Input, Market Yield | Discounted Cash Flow    
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]    
Debt securities, available-for-sale, measurement input 0.1200  
Weighted Average | Measured on recurring basis | Municipal obligations | Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3) | Measurement Input, Market Yield | Discounted Cash Flow    
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]    
Debt securities, available-for-sale, measurement input 0.0369  
v3.24.0.1
Fair Value Measurements - Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring Basis (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Thousands
Dec. 31, 2023
Dec. 31, 2022
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]    
Debt securities available for sale, at fair value $ 1,093,557 $ 1,328,634
Equity securities, at fair value 4,079 3,384
U.S. government and agency obligations    
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]    
Debt securities available for sale, at fair value 145,501 63,566
Mortgage-backed securities and collateralized mortgage obligations    
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]    
Debt securities available for sale, at fair value 867,585 1,181,727
Municipal obligations    
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]    
Debt securities available for sale, at fair value 2,702 3,575
Corporate debt securities    
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]    
Debt securities available for sale, at fair value 77,769 79,766
Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1)    
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]    
Debt securities available for sale, at fair value 137,800 55,178
Equity securities, at fair value 3,758 3,053
Derivative assets 0 0
Derivative liabilities 0 0
Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)    
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]    
Debt securities available for sale, at fair value 946,020 1,261,333
Equity securities, at fair value 321 331
Derivative assets 18,898 19,756
Derivative liabilities 25,025 19,072
Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)    
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]    
Debt securities available for sale, at fair value 9,737 12,123
Equity securities, at fair value 0
Derivative assets 0 0
Derivative liabilities 0 0
Measured on recurring basis    
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]    
Debt securities available for sale, at fair value 1,093,557 1,328,634
Equity securities, at fair value 4,079 3,384
Derivative assets 18,898 19,756
Assets 1,116,534 1,351,774
Derivative liabilities 25,025 19,072
Measured on recurring basis | U.S. government and agency obligations    
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]    
Debt securities available for sale, at fair value 145,501 63,566
Measured on recurring basis | Mortgage-backed securities and collateralized mortgage obligations    
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]    
Debt securities available for sale, at fair value 867,585 1,181,727
Measured on recurring basis | Municipal obligations    
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]    
Debt securities available for sale, at fair value 2,702 3,575
Measured on recurring basis | Corporate debt securities    
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]    
Debt securities available for sale, at fair value 77,769 79,766
Measured on recurring basis | Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1)    
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]    
Debt securities available for sale, at fair value 137,800 55,178
Equity securities, at fair value 3,758 3,053
Derivative assets 0 0
Assets 141,558 58,231
Derivative liabilities 0 0
Measured on recurring basis | Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1) | U.S. government and agency obligations    
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]    
Debt securities available for sale, at fair value 137,800 55,178
Measured on recurring basis | Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1) | Mortgage-backed securities and collateralized mortgage obligations    
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]    
Debt securities available for sale, at fair value 0 0
Measured on recurring basis | Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1) | Municipal obligations    
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]    
Debt securities available for sale, at fair value 0 0
Measured on recurring basis | Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1) | Corporate debt securities    
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]    
Debt securities available for sale, at fair value 0 0
Measured on recurring basis | Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)    
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]    
Debt securities available for sale, at fair value 946,020 1,261,333
Equity securities, at fair value 321 331
Derivative assets 18,898 19,756
Assets 965,239 1,281,420
Derivative liabilities 25,025 19,072
Measured on recurring basis | Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2) | U.S. government and agency obligations    
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]    
Debt securities available for sale, at fair value 7,701 8,388
Measured on recurring basis | Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2) | Mortgage-backed securities and collateralized mortgage obligations    
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]    
Debt securities available for sale, at fair value 867,585 1,181,727
Measured on recurring basis | Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2) | Municipal obligations    
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]    
Debt securities available for sale, at fair value 892 897
Measured on recurring basis | Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2) | Corporate debt securities    
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]    
Debt securities available for sale, at fair value 69,842 70,321
Measured on recurring basis | Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)    
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]    
Debt securities available for sale, at fair value 9,737 12,123
Equity securities, at fair value 0 0
Derivative assets 0 0
Assets 9,737 12,123
Derivative liabilities 0 0
Measured on recurring basis | Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3) | U.S. government and agency obligations    
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]    
Debt securities available for sale, at fair value 0 0
Measured on recurring basis | Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3) | Mortgage-backed securities and collateralized mortgage obligations    
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]    
Debt securities available for sale, at fair value 0 0
Measured on recurring basis | Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3) | Municipal obligations    
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]    
Debt securities available for sale, at fair value 1,810 2,678
Measured on recurring basis | Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3) | Corporate debt securities    
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]    
Debt securities available for sale, at fair value $ 7,927 $ 9,445
v3.24.0.1
Fair Value Measurements - Assets Measured on Recurring Basis, Unobservable Input Reconciliation (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Thousands
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2023
Dec. 31, 2022
Debt securities available for sale:    
Fair Value Recurring Basis Unobservable Input Reconciliation Asset Gain Loss Statement Of Income Extensible List Not Disclosed Flag Change in fair value of Level 3 assets  
Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3) | Measured on recurring basis    
Debt securities available for sale:    
Beginning balance $ 12,123 $ 0
Maturity of Level 3 asset (918) (914)
Transfers into Level 3 assets   13,539
Change in fair value of Level 3 assets (1,468) (502)
Ending balance $ 9,737 $ 12,123
v3.24.0.1
Fair Value Measurements - Assets and Liabilities Measured on Non-Recurring Basis (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Thousands
Dec. 31, 2023
Dec. 31, 2022
Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1)    
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]    
Loans held-for-sale, at fair value $ 0 $ 0
Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)    
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]    
Loans held-for-sale, at fair value 0 0
Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)    
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]    
Loans held-for-sale, at fair value 7,366,184 6,771,095
Measured on non-recurring basis    
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]    
Loans held-for-sale, at fair value 5,000  
Mortgage servicing rights 2,908 2,107
Assets 7,908 2,107
Measured on non-recurring basis | Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1)    
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]    
Loans held-for-sale, at fair value 0  
Mortgage servicing rights 0 0
Assets 0 0
Measured on non-recurring basis | Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)    
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]    
Loans held-for-sale, at fair value 0  
Mortgage servicing rights 0 0
Assets 0 0
Measured on non-recurring basis | Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)    
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]    
Loans held-for-sale, at fair value 5,000  
Mortgage servicing rights 2,908 2,107
Assets $ 7,908 $ 2,107
v3.24.0.1
Fair Value Measurements - Qualitative Valuation (Details)
$ in Thousands
Dec. 31, 2023
USD ($)
Dec. 31, 2022
USD ($)
Measured on non-recurring basis    
Fair Value Inputs, Assets, Quantitative Information [Line Items] (Deprecated 2018-01-31)    
Loans held-for-sale, at fair value $ 5,000  
Mortgage servicing rights 2,908 $ 2,107
Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)    
Fair Value Inputs, Assets, Quantitative Information [Line Items] (Deprecated 2018-01-31)    
Loans held-for-sale, at fair value 7,366,184 6,771,095
Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3) | Measured on non-recurring basis    
Fair Value Inputs, Assets, Quantitative Information [Line Items] (Deprecated 2018-01-31)    
Loans held-for-sale, at fair value 5,000  
Mortgage servicing rights $ 2,908 $ 2,107
Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3) | Contracted Modification Agreement | Measured on non-recurring basis | Other    
Fair Value Inputs, Assets, Quantitative Information [Line Items] (Deprecated 2018-01-31)    
Impaired financing receivable, measurement input 0  
Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3) | Contracted Modification Agreement | Measured on non-recurring basis | Weighted Average | Other    
Fair Value Inputs, Assets, Quantitative Information [Line Items] (Deprecated 2018-01-31)    
Impaired financing receivable, measurement input 0  
Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3) | Prepayments Speeds and Discount Rates | Measured on non-recurring basis | Minimum | Discounted Cash Flow    
Fair Value Inputs, Assets, Quantitative Information [Line Items] (Deprecated 2018-01-31)    
Servicing asset, measurement input 0.043 0.055
Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3) | Prepayments Speeds and Discount Rates | Measured on non-recurring basis | Maximum | Discounted Cash Flow    
Fair Value Inputs, Assets, Quantitative Information [Line Items] (Deprecated 2018-01-31)    
Servicing asset, measurement input 0.272 0.271
Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3) | Prepayments Speeds and Discount Rates | Measured on non-recurring basis | Weighted Average | Discounted Cash Flow    
Fair Value Inputs, Assets, Quantitative Information [Line Items] (Deprecated 2018-01-31)    
Servicing asset, measurement input 0.081 0.086
Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3) | Discount Rate | Measured on non-recurring basis | Weighted Average | Discounted Cash Flow    
Fair Value Inputs, Assets, Quantitative Information [Line Items] (Deprecated 2018-01-31)    
Servicing asset, measurement input 0.1550 0.1450
v3.24.0.1
Fair Value Measurements - Fair Value on Balance Sheet (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Thousands
Dec. 31, 2023
Dec. 31, 2022
Financial assets:    
Debt securities available for sale, at fair value $ 1,093,557 $ 1,328,634
Debt securities held to maturity 357,177 370,391
Equity securities, at fair value 4,079 3,384
Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1)    
Financial assets:    
Cash and cash equivalents 423,249 179,228
Debt securities available for sale, at fair value 137,800 55,178
Debt securities held to maturity 0 0
Equity securities, at fair value 3,758 3,053
Federal Home Loan Bank stock 0 0
Loans receivable, net 0 0
Derivative assets 0 0
Financial liabilities:    
Deposits 0 0
Borrowings 0 0
Derivative liabilities 0 0
Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)    
Financial assets:    
Cash and cash equivalents 0 0
Debt securities available for sale, at fair value 946,020 1,261,333
Debt securities held to maturity 357,177 370,391
Equity securities, at fair value 321 331
Federal Home Loan Bank stock 81,022 58,114
Loans receivable, net 0 0
Derivative assets 18,898 19,756
Financial liabilities:    
Deposits 7,828,259 7,942,782
Borrowings 1,531,179 1,146,265
Derivative liabilities 25,025 19,072
Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)    
Financial assets:    
Cash and cash equivalents 0 0
Debt securities available for sale, at fair value 9,737 12,123
Debt securities held to maturity 0 0
Equity securities, at fair value 0
Federal Home Loan Bank stock 0 0
Loans receivable, net 7,366,184 6,771,095
Derivative assets 0 0
Financial liabilities:    
Deposits 0 0
Borrowings 0 0
Derivative liabilities 0 0
Carrying Value    
Financial assets:    
Cash and cash equivalents 423,249 179,228
Debt securities available for sale, at fair value 1,093,557 1,328,634
Debt securities held to maturity 401,154 421,523
Equity securities, at fair value 4,079 3,384
Federal Home Loan Bank stock 81,022 58,114
Loans receivable, net 7,819,441 7,624,761
Derivative assets 18,898 19,756
Financial liabilities:    
Deposits 7,846,556 8,001,159
Borrowings 1,528,695 1,127,047
Derivative liabilities 25,025 19,072
Total Fair Value    
Financial assets:    
Cash and cash equivalents 423,249 179,228
Debt securities available for sale, at fair value 1,093,557 1,328,634
Debt securities held to maturity 357,177 370,391
Equity securities, at fair value 4,079 3,384
Federal Home Loan Bank stock 81,022 58,114
Loans receivable, net 7,366,184 6,771,095
Derivative assets 18,898 19,756
Financial liabilities:    
Deposits 7,828,259 7,942,782
Borrowings 1,531,179 1,146,265
Derivative liabilities $ 25,025 $ 19,072
v3.24.0.1
Earnings per Share (Details) - USD ($)
$ / shares in Units, $ in Thousands
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2023
Dec. 31, 2022
Dec. 31, 2021
Earnings Per Share [Abstract]      
Net income $ 36,086 $ 86,173 $ 92,049
Shares:      
Weighted average shares outstanding - basic (in shares) 102,656,388 105,580,823 104,156,112
Weighted average dilutive shares outstanding (in shares) 238,581 612,338 0
Weighted average shares outstanding - diluted (in shares) 102,894,969 106,193,161 104,156,112
Earnings per share:      
Basic (in dollars per share) $ 0.35 $ 0.82 $ 0.88
Diluted (in dollars per share) $ 0.35 $ 0.81 $ 0.88
v3.24.0.1
Earnings per Share - Narrative (Details) - shares
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2023
Dec. 31, 2022
Dec. 31, 2021
Earnings Per Share [Abstract]      
Antidilutive securities excluded from computation of earnings per share (in shares) 704,526 129,049 3,726,249
v3.24.0.1
Parent-only Financial Information - Statement of Financial Condition (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Thousands
Dec. 31, 2023
Dec. 31, 2022
Dec. 31, 2021
Dec. 31, 2020
Assets        
Cash and due from banks $ 423,140 $ 179,097    
Short-term investments 109 131    
Total cash and cash equivalents 423,249 179,228    
Equity securities, at fair value 4,079 3,384    
Other assets 308,432 284,754    
Total assets 10,645,568 10,408,169    
Liabilities:        
Balance 1,528,695 1,127,047    
Accrued expenses and other liabilities 186,473 180,908    
Total liabilities 9,605,233 9,354,574    
Stockholders' equity 1,040,335 1,053,595 $ 1,079,081 $ 1,011,287
Total liabilities and stockholders' equity 10,645,568 10,408,169    
Parent Company        
Assets        
Cash and due from banks 8,644 59,754    
Short-term investments 108 131    
Total cash and cash equivalents 8,752 59,885    
Equity securities, at fair value 191 201    
Investment in subsidiaries 1,000,185 979,841    
Loans receivable, net 36,432 38,187    
Other assets 2,918 13,760    
Total assets 1,048,478 1,091,874    
Liabilities:        
Balance 6,962 36,888    
Accrued expenses and other liabilities 1,181 1,391    
Total liabilities 8,143 38,279    
Stockholders' equity 1,040,335 1,053,595    
Total liabilities and stockholders' equity $ 1,048,478 $ 1,091,874    
v3.24.0.1
Parent-only Financial Information - Statement of Income and Comprehensive Income (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Thousands
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2023
Dec. 31, 2022
Dec. 31, 2021
Interest income:      
Loans receivable $ 343,770 $ 263,559 $ 228,841
Unrealized gain (loss) on debt securities available for sale 29,637 (137,255) (30,979)
Interest expense on borrowings 63,940 15,015 7,907
Net interest income 205,876 266,777 233,134
Non-interest income:      
Gain on sale of loans 1,214 178 10,790
Other non-interest income 14,136 10,380 8,940
Total non-interest income 27,379 30,400 38,831
Non-interest expense:      
Merger-related expenses 606 2,810 822
Loss on extinguishment of debt 300 0 2,851
Other non-interest expense 1,431 5,515 8,867
Total non-interest expense 182,417 174,816 155,737
Income before income tax expense 46,051 116,876 126,181
Income tax expense 9,965 30,703 34,132
Net income 36,086 86,173 92,049
Other comprehensive income (loss) 20,561 (133,377) 23,706
Total comprehensive income (loss), net of tax 56,647 (47,204) 115,755
Parent Company      
Condensed Financial Statements, Captions [Line Items]      
Dividends from subsidiary 45,000 80,000 65,000
Interest income:      
Loans receivable 1,814 1,893 1,969
Unrealized gain (loss) on debt securities available for sale 18 10 43
Interest-earning deposits 8 7 0
Total interest income 46,840 81,910 67,012
Interest expense on borrowings 1,339 1,600 427
Net interest income 45,501 80,310 66,585
Equity earnings (loss) income in subsidiaries (8,432) 9,132 27,652
Non-interest income:      
(Loss) gain on securities transactions 0 0 383
Gain on sale of loans (10) (15) (35)
Other non-interest income 0 650 0
Total non-interest income (10) 635 348
Non-interest expense:      
Merger-related expenses 41 522 546
Loss on extinguishment of debt 300 0 0
Other non-interest expense 1,502 2,861 2,203
Total non-interest expense 1,843 3,383 2,749
Income before income tax expense 35,216 86,694 91,836
Income tax expense (870) 521 (213)
Net income 36,086 86,173 92,049
Other comprehensive income (loss) 20,561 (133,377) 23,706
Total comprehensive income (loss), net of tax $ 56,647 $ (47,204) $ 115,755
v3.24.0.1
Parent-only Financial Information - Statement of Cash Flows (Details) - USD ($)
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2023
Dec. 31, 2022
Dec. 31, 2021
Cash flows from operating activities:      
Net income $ 36,086,000 $ 86,173,000 $ 92,049,000
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:      
Amortization of intangible assets 2,350,000 1,980,000 1,025,000
Gain on securities transactions 10,847,000 (210,000) (2,025,000)
Change in fair value of equity securities (695,000) 401,000 1,792,000
Loss on extinguishment of debt 300,000 0 2,851,000
Deferred tax (benefit) expense 3,375,000 12,769,000 17,709,000
(Increase) in other assets (33,992,000) (9,884,000) (22,159,000)
Increase in accrued expenses and other liabilities 3,282,000 24,998,000 1,926,000
Net cash provided by operating activities 40,716,000 142,158,000 98,704,000
Cash flows from investing activities:      
Proceeds from sales of equity securities 0 0 1,390,000
Proceeds from paydown/maturities/calls of debt securities available for sale 100,855,000 281,959,000 368,249,000
Purchases of equity securities 0 0 (91,000)
Net cash acquired in acquisitions 0 140,769,000 20,417,000
Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities 39,645,000 (614,725,000) (443,605,000)
Cash flows from financing activities:      
Repayment of term note (30,300,000) 0 0
Proceeds from term note 0 0 29,841,000
Purchase of treasury stock (80,497,000) (93,996,000) (107,774,000)
Exercise of stock options (24,000) (393,000) (25,000)
Repurchase of shares for taxes (623,000) (4,614,000) (357,000)
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities 163,660,000 580,832,000 (7,093,000)
Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents 244,021,000 108,265,000 (351,994,000)
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of year 179,228,000 70,963,000 422,957,000
Cash and cash equivalents at end of year 423,249,000 179,228,000 70,963,000
Non-cash investing and financing activities:      
Excise tax on net stock repurchases 800,000 0 0
Acquisition:      
Net cash and cash equivalents acquired in acquisition 0 140,769,000 20,417,000
Parent Company      
Cash flows from operating activities:      
Net income 36,086,000 86,173,000 92,049,000
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:      
Amortization of intangible assets 74,000 73,000 21,000
Gain on securities transactions 0 0 (383,000)
Change in fair value of equity securities 10,000 15,000 35,000
Loss on extinguishment of debt 300,000 0 0
Deferred tax (benefit) expense 2,019,000 2,463,000 1,830,000
(Increase) in other assets 8,894,000 (642,000) (7,721,000)
Increase in accrued expenses and other liabilities (890,000) (997,000) 691,000
Equity in undistributed (earnings)of subsidiaries 8,432,000 (9,132,000) (27,652,000)
Net cash provided by operating activities 54,925,000 77,953,000 58,870,000
Cash flows from investing activities:      
Proceeds from sales of equity securities 0 0 1,390,000
Purchases of equity securities 0 0 (91,000)
Repayment of loan receivable from Columbia Bank 1,755,000 1,675,000 1,599,000
Net cash acquired in acquisitions 0 31,000 0
Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities 1,755,000 1,706,000 2,898,000
Cash flows from financing activities:      
Repayment of term note (30,300,000) 0 0
Proceeds from term note 0 0 29,841,000
Purchase of treasury stock (80,497,000) (93,996,000) (107,774,000)
Exercise of stock options 42,000 325,000 (25,000)
Issuance of common stock allocated to restricted stock award grants 4,066,000 2,624,000 0
Restricted stock forfeitures (501,000) (1,451,000) (1,234,000)
Repurchase of shares for taxes (623,000) (4,614,000) (357,000)
Issuance of treasury stock allocated to restricted stock award grants 0 0 896,000
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities (107,813,000) (97,112,000) (78,653,000)
Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents (51,133,000) (17,453,000) (16,885,000)
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of year 59,885,000 77,338,000 94,223,000
Cash and cash equivalents at end of year 8,752,000 59,885,000 77,338,000
Non-cash investing and financing activities:      
Excise tax on net stock repurchases 800,000 0 0
Acquisition:      
Net cash and cash equivalents acquired in acquisition $ 0 $ 31,000 $ 0
v3.24.0.1
Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) - Tax effects of components in other comprehensive income (loss) (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Thousands
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2023
Dec. 31, 2022
Dec. 31, 2021
Before Tax      
Other comprehensive income (loss) $ 28,554 $ (185,367) $ 24,411
Tax Effect      
Other comprehensive income (loss) (7,993) 51,990 (705)
After Tax      
Total other comprehensive income (loss) 20,561 (133,377) 23,706
Unrealized (Losses) on Debt Securities Available for Sale      
Before Tax      
Other comprehensive income (loss), before reclassifications 41,181 (190,682) (39,000)
Other comprehensive income (loss) 30,320 (190,503) (37,003)
Tax Effect      
Other comprehensive income (loss), before reclassifications (11,544) 53,427 8,021
Other comprehensive income (loss) (8,487) 53,377 7,619
After Tax      
Other comprehensive income (loss), before reclassifications 29,637 (137,255) (30,979)
Total other comprehensive income (loss) 21,833 (137,126) (29,384)
AOCI, Accumulated Gain (Loss), Debt Securities, Available-for-sale, Accretion Of Unrealized Gains (Losses), Parent      
Before Tax      
Reclassification from AOCI, current period (14) (31) (28)
Tax Effect      
Reclassification from AOCI, current period 4 9 25
After Tax      
Reclassification from AOCI, current period (10) (22) (3)
AOCI, Accumulated Gain (Loss), Debt Securities, Available-for-sale, Other Reclassifications, Parent      
Before Tax      
Reclassification from AOCI, current period (10,847) 210 2,025
Tax Effect      
Reclassification from AOCI, current period 3,053 (59) (427)
After Tax      
Reclassification from AOCI, current period (7,794) 151 1,598
Unrealized Gains (Losses) on Swaps      
Before Tax      
Other comprehensive income (loss), before reclassifications (1,274) 7,524 14,514
Tax Effect      
Other comprehensive income (loss), before reclassifications 356 (2,103) (2,575)
After Tax      
Other comprehensive income (loss), before reclassifications (918) 5,421 11,939
Total other comprehensive income (loss) (918) 5,421 11,939
Accumulated Defined Benefit Plans Adjustment, Net Prior Service Attributable to Parent      
Before Tax      
Reclassification from AOCI, current period (56) (56) (55)
Tax Effect      
Reclassification from AOCI, current period 16 15 16
After Tax      
Reclassification from AOCI, current period (40) (41) (39)
Accumulated Defined Benefit Plans Adjustment, Net Gain (Loss) Attributable to Parent      
Before Tax      
Reclassification from AOCI, current period (776) (2,677) (4,044)
Tax Effect      
Reclassification from AOCI, current period 218 749 1,129
After Tax      
Reclassification from AOCI, current period (558) (1,928) (2,915)
Accumulated Defined Benefit Plans Adjustment Attributable to Parent      
Before Tax      
Other comprehensive income (loss), before reclassifications 340 345 50,999
Other comprehensive income (loss) (492) (2,388) 46,900
Tax Effect      
Other comprehensive income (loss), before reclassifications (96) (48) (6,894)
Other comprehensive income (loss) 138 716 (5,749)
After Tax      
Other comprehensive income (loss), before reclassifications 244 297 44,105
Total other comprehensive income (loss) $ (354) $ (1,672) $ 41,151
v3.24.0.1
Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) - Changes in components of other comprehensive income (loss) (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Thousands
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2023
Dec. 31, 2022
Dec. 31, 2021
AOCI Attributable to Parent, Net of Tax [Roll Forward]      
Balance at beginning of period $ 1,053,595 $ 1,079,081 $ 1,011,287
Current period changes in other comprehensive income (loss) 20,561 (133,377) 23,706
Balance at end of year 1,040,335 1,053,595 1,079,081
Accumulated Other Comprehensive (Loss)      
AOCI Attributable to Parent, Net of Tax [Roll Forward]      
Balance at beginning of period (179,296) (45,919) (69,625)
Current period changes in other comprehensive income (loss) 20,561 (133,377) 23,706
Balance at end of year (158,735) (179,296) (45,919)
Unrealized (Losses) on Debt Securities Available for Sale      
AOCI Attributable to Parent, Net of Tax [Roll Forward]      
Balance at beginning of period (135,482) 1,644 31,028
Current period changes in other comprehensive income (loss) 21,833 (137,126) (29,384)
Balance at end of year (113,649) (135,482) 1,644
Unrealized Gains (Losses) on Swaps      
AOCI Attributable to Parent, Net of Tax [Roll Forward]      
Balance at beginning of period 504 (4,917) (16,856)
Current period changes in other comprehensive income (loss) (918) 5,421 11,939
Balance at end of year (414) 504 (4,917)
Employee Benefit Plans      
AOCI Attributable to Parent, Net of Tax [Roll Forward]      
Balance at beginning of period (44,318) (42,646) (83,797)
Current period changes in other comprehensive income (loss) (354) (1,672) 41,151
Balance at end of year $ (44,672) $ (44,318) $ (42,646)
v3.24.0.1
Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) - Reclassification out of AOCI (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Thousands
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2023
Dec. 31, 2022
Dec. 31, 2021
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) [Line Items]      
Other non-interest expense $ 1,431 $ 5,515 $ 8,867
Total before tax 46,051 116,876 126,181
Income tax benefit (9,965) (30,703) (34,132)
Net income 36,086 86,173 92,049
Reclassification out of Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income      
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) [Line Items]      
Total before tax (11,623) (2,467) (2,019)
Income tax benefit 3,271 690 702
Net income (8,352) (1,777) (1,317)
Reclassification out of Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income | Reclassification adjustment for (loss) gain included in net income      
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) [Line Items]      
(Loss) gain on securities transactions (10,847) 210 2,025
Reclassification out of Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income | Reclassification adjustment of actuarial net (loss) included in net income      
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) [Line Items]      
Other non-interest expense $ (776) $ (2,677) $ (4,044)
v3.24.0.1
Derivatives and Hedging Activities - Narrative (Details)
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2023
USD ($)
swap
Dec. 31, 2022
USD ($)
swap
Dec. 31, 2021
USD ($)
Derivative [Line Items]      
Hedge ineffectiveness $ 47,000 $ 0 $ 0
Loss on extinguishment of debt (300,000) 0 (2,851,000)
Accrued interest on derivative, at fair value 1,200,000 22,000  
Net liability position 6,100,000    
Collateral against obligations 2,400,000    
Interest Rate Swap      
Derivative [Line Items]      
Derivative gains (losses) recorded in the Statements of Income (302,000) 489,000 $ 115,000
Interest Rate Swap | Fair Value Hedging      
Derivative [Line Items]      
Notional amount of derivative $ 700,000,000    
Number of interest rate derivatives held | swap 8    
FHLB advances | Interest Rate Swap      
Derivative [Line Items]      
Notional amount of derivative $ 380,000,000 290,000,000  
Not Designated as Hedging Instrument | Currency forward contract - non-designated hedge      
Derivative [Line Items]      
Notional amount of derivative 0 0  
Not Designated as Hedging Instrument | Interest Rate Swap      
Derivative [Line Items]      
Notional amount of derivative $ 277,800,000 $ 205,000,000  
Number of commercial banking customers | swap 80 54  
Designated as Hedging Instrument | FHLB advances | Interest Rate Swap | Cash Flow Hedging      
Derivative [Line Items]      
Notional amount of derivative $ 380,000,000 $ 290,000,000  
Number of interest rate derivatives held | swap 30 20  
Designated as Hedging Instrument | Commercial Loan | Interest Rate Swap | Cash Flow Hedging      
Derivative [Line Items]      
Notional amount of derivative $ 100,000,000 $ 100,000,000  
Number of interest rate derivatives held | swap 2 2  
v3.24.0.1
Derivatives and Hedging Activities - Derivative Financial Instruments (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Thousands
Dec. 31, 2023
Dec. 31, 2022
Derivative Financial Instruments, Assets    
Derivatives, Fair Value [Line Items]    
Carrying Amount of Hedged Assets/(Liabilities) $ 706,412  
Cumulative Amount of Fair Value Hedging Adjustment included in the Carrying Amount of Hedged Assets/(Liabilities)   $ 6,412
Interest Rate Swap | Designated as Hedging Instrument    
Derivatives, Fair Value [Line Items]    
Derivative assets 5,394 4,290
Derivative liabilities 11,530 3,918
Interest Rate Swap | Not Designated as Hedging Instrument    
Derivatives, Fair Value [Line Items]    
Derivative assets 13,504 15,466
Derivative liabilities 13,495 15,154
Carrying Value    
Derivatives, Fair Value [Line Items]    
Derivative assets 18,898 19,756
Derivative liabilities $ 25,025 $ 19,072
v3.24.0.1
Revenue Recognition (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Thousands
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2023
Dec. 31, 2022
Dec. 31, 2021
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]      
Total out-of-scope non-interest income $ 11,655 $ 12,877 $ 21,340
Total non-interest income 27,379 30,400 38,831
Deposit Account, Title Insurance And Other Non-Interest Income      
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]      
Revenue 15,724 17,523 17,491
Demand deposit account fees      
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]      
Revenue 5,145 5,293 3,803
Title insurance fees      
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]      
Revenue 2,400 3,423 6,088
Insurance agency income      
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]      
Revenue 188 141 0
Other non-interest income      
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]      
Revenue $ 7,991 $ 8,666 $ 7,600
v3.24.0.1
Subsequent Events (Details) - Subsequent Event - Silicon Valley Bank and Signature Bank - USD ($)
$ in Billions
1 Months Ended
Feb. 29, 2024
Jan. 31, 2024
Subsequent Event [Line Items]    
Estimated losses attributable to the protection of uninsured depositors at failed bank $ 20.4 $ 16.3
Estimated losses attributable to the protection of uninsured depositors at failed bank, increase $ 4.1