SERINA THERAPEUTICS, INC., 10-Q filed on 11/13/2025
Quarterly Report
v3.25.3
Cover - shares
9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2025
Nov. 10, 2025
Cover [Abstract]    
Document Type 10-Q  
Document Quarterly Report true  
Document Period End Date Sep. 30, 2025  
Document Transition Report false  
Entity File Number 1-38519  
Entity Registrant Name Serina Therapeutics, Inc.  
Entity Incorporation, State or Country Code DE  
Entity Tax Identification Number 82-1436829  
Entity Address, Address Line One 601 Genome Way  
Entity Address, Address Line Two Suite 2001  
Entity Address, City or Town Huntsville  
Entity Address, State or Province AL  
Entity Address, Postal Zip Code 35806  
City Area Code (256)  
Local Phone Number 327-9630  
Title of 12(b) Security Common Stock, par value $0.0001 per share  
Trading Symbol SER  
Security Exchange Name NYSE  
Entity Current Reporting Status Yes  
Entity Interactive Data Current Yes  
Entity Filer Category Non-accelerated Filer  
Entity Small Business true  
Entity Emerging Growth Company false  
Entity Shell Company false  
Entity Common Stock, Shares Outstanding   10,664,064
Entity Central Index Key 0001708599  
Amendment Flag false  
Document Fiscal Period Focus Q3  
Document Fiscal Year Focus 2025  
Current Fiscal Year End Date --12-31  
v3.25.3
Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets - USD ($)
$ in Thousands
Sep. 30, 2025
Dec. 31, 2024
Current assets:    
Cash and cash equivalents $ 8,620 $ 3,672
Prepaid expenses and other current assets 2,877 2,004
Total current assets 11,497 5,676
Property and equipment, net 580 501
Right of use assets - operating leases 312 461
Right of use assets - finance leases 0 86
Other long-term prepaid assets 24 0
TOTAL ASSETS 12,413 6,724
Current liabilities:    
Accounts payable 2,731 744
Accrued expenses 1,144 1,429
Warrant liability 1,676 0
Convertible Note, net 2,888 0
Other current liabilities 350 193
Total current liabilities 8,789 2,366
Warrant liability, non-current 1,882 3,582
Operating lease liabilities, net of current portion 148 268
TOTAL LIABILITIES 10,819 6,216
Stockholders’ equity:    
Series A convertible preferred stock, $0.0001 par value, 5,000 shares authorized; 965 and no shares issued and outstanding at September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively; Liquidation preference of $5,000 and zero at September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively 4,940 0
Common stock, $0.0001 par value, 40,000 shares authorized; and 10,543 and 9,422 shares issued and outstanding at September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively 1 1
Additional paid-in capital 56,987 44,958
Accumulated other comprehensive loss (4) 0
Accumulated deficit (60,164) (44,318)
Total Serina Therapeutics, Inc. stockholders’ equity 1,760 641
Noncontrolling interest (166) (133)
Total stockholders’ equity 1,594 508
TOTAL LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY $ 12,413 $ 6,724
v3.25.3
Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets (Parenthetical) - USD ($)
$ in Thousands
Sep. 30, 2025
Dec. 31, 2024
Statement of Financial Position [Abstract]    
Preferred stock, par value (in usd per share) $ 0.0001 $ 0.0001
Preferred stock, authorized (in shares) 5,000,000 5,000,000
Preferred stock, issued (in shares) 965,000 0
Preferred stock, outstanding (in shares) 965,000 0
Preferred stock, liquidation preference $ 5,000 $ 0
Common stock, par value (in usd per share) $ 0.0001 $ 0.0001
Common stock, authorized (in shares) 40,000,000 40,000,000
Common stock, issued (in shares) 10,543,000 9,422,000
Common stock, outstanding (in shares) 10,543,000 9,422,000
v3.25.3
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations - USD ($)
shares in Thousands, $ in Thousands
3 Months Ended 9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2025
Sep. 30, 2024
Sep. 30, 2025
Sep. 30, 2024
REVENUES        
Total revenues $ 0 $ 14 $ 130 $ 70
OPERATING EXPENSES        
Research and development 3,651 2,415 9,754 5,115
General and administrative 2,741 2,911 8,191 6,454
Total operating expenses 6,392 5,326 17,945 11,569
Loss from operations (6,392) (5,312) (17,815) (11,499)
OTHER INCOME, NET        
Interest expense (6) (16) (15) (509)
Change in fair value of convertible promissory notes 0 0 0 (7,017)
Change in fair value of warrants 1,044 6,669 1,076 10,385
Gain on warrants expiration 724 0 724 0
Other income, net 35 42 151 185
Total other income, net 1,797 6,695 1,936 3,044
NET (LOSS) INCOME (4,595) 1,383 (15,879) (8,455)
Net loss attributable to noncontrolling interest 10 27 33 54
NET (LOSS) INCOME ATTRIBUTABLE TO SERINA THERAPEUTICS, INC. (4,585) 1,410 (15,846) (8,401)
Foreign currency translation adjustment (4) 0 (4) 0
COMPREHENSIVE LOSS (4,599) 1,383 (15,883) (8,455)
Comprehensive loss attributable to noncontrolling interest 10 27 33 54
COMPREHENSIVE (LOSS) INCOME ATTRIBUTABLE TO SERINA THERAPEUTICS, INC. $ (4,589) $ 1,410 $ (15,850) $ (8,401)
NET (LOSS) INCOME PER COMMON SHARE:        
BASIC (in usd per share) $ (0.45) $ 0.16 $ (1.60) $ (1.24)
DILUTED (in usd per share) $ (0.45) $ 0.13 $ (1.60) $ (1.24)
WEIGHTED AVERAGE NUMBER OF COMMON SHARES OUTSTANDING:        
BASIC (in shares) 10,339 8,851 10,032 6,774
DILUTED ( in shares) 10,339 10,751 10,032 6,774
Grant revenues        
REVENUES        
Total revenues $ 0 $ 14 $ 130 $ 70
v3.25.3
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Convertible Preferred Stock and Stockholders' Equity - USD ($)
shares in Thousands, $ in Thousands
Total
Conversion Of Convertible Preferred Stock
Series A preferred stock
Common Stock
Preferred Stock
Preferred Stock
Series A preferred stock
Common Stock
Common Stock
Conversion Of Convertible Preferred Stock
Common Stock
Common Stock
Additional Paid-In Capital
Additional Paid-In Capital
Conversion Of Convertible Preferred Stock
Additional Paid-In Capital
Common Stock
Accumulated Other Comprehensive (Loss)
Accumulated Deficit
Noncontrolling Interest
Beginning balance (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2023 3,438                            
Beginning balance at Dec. 31, 2023 $ 36,404                            
Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock                              
Issuance of common stock upon conversion of redeemable convertible preferred stock (in shares) (3,438)                            
Issuance of common stock upon conversion of redeemable convertible preferred stock $ (36,404)                            
Ending balance (in shares) at Mar. 31, 2024 0                            
Ending balance at Mar. 31, 2024 $ 0                            
Beginning balance (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2023             2,410                
Beginning balance at Dec. 31, 2023 (32,294)           $ 0     $ 883       $ (33,177) $ 0
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]                              
Issuance of common stock upon exercise of stock options (in shares)             65                
Issuance of common stock upon exercise of stock options 4                 4          
Issuance of common stock for conversions and exercise of warrants (in shares)             2,501 3,438              
Issuance of common stock for conversions and exercise of warrants 961 $ 36,404           $ 1   961 $ 36,403        
Deemed dividend from issuance of warrants (18,501)                 (18,501)          
Stock-based compensation 53                 53          
Net income (loss) (15,015)                         (15,015)  
Ending balance (in shares) at Mar. 31, 2024             8,414                
Ending balance at Mar. 31, 2024 $ (28,388)           $ 1     19,803       (48,192) 0
Beginning balance (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2023 3,438                            
Beginning balance at Dec. 31, 2023 $ 36,404                            
Ending balance (in shares) at Sep. 30, 2024 0                            
Ending balance at Sep. 30, 2024 $ 0                            
Beginning balance (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2023             2,410                
Beginning balance at Dec. 31, 2023 (32,294)           $ 0     883       (33,177) 0
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]                              
Foreign currency translation adjustment 0                            
Net income (loss) (8,455)                            
Ending balance (in shares) at Sep. 30, 2024             8,892                
Ending balance at Sep. 30, 2024 $ (13,828)           $ 1     27,803       (41,578) (54)
Beginning balance (in shares) at Mar. 31, 2024 0                            
Beginning balance at Mar. 31, 2024 $ 0                            
Ending balance (in shares) at Jun. 30, 2024 0                            
Ending balance at Jun. 30, 2024 $ 0                            
Beginning balance (in shares) at Mar. 31, 2024             8,414                
Beginning balance at Mar. 31, 2024 (28,388)           $ 1     19,803       (48,192) 0
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]                              
Issuance of common stock for conversions and exercise of warrants (in shares)             378                
Issuance of common stock for conversions and exercise of warrants 6,360                 6,360          
Stock-based compensation 458                 458          
Transactions with noncontrolling interests 0                 3         (3)
Net income (loss) 5,177                         5,204 (27)
Ending balance (in shares) at Jun. 30, 2024             8,792                
Ending balance at Jun. 30, 2024 $ (16,393)           $ 1     26,624       (42,988) (30)
Ending balance (in shares) at Sep. 30, 2024 0                            
Ending balance at Sep. 30, 2024 $ 0                            
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]                              
Issuance of common stock upon exercise of stock options (in shares)             100                
Issuance of common stock upon exercise of stock options 86                 86          
Stock-based compensation 1,096                 1,096          
Foreign currency translation adjustment 0                            
Transactions with noncontrolling interests 0                 (3)         3
Net income (loss) 1,383                         1,410 (27)
Ending balance (in shares) at Sep. 30, 2024             8,892                
Ending balance at Sep. 30, 2024 (13,828)           $ 1     27,803       (41,578) (54)
Beginning balance (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2024         0   9,422                
Beginning balance at Dec. 31, 2024 508       $ 0   $ 1     44,958     $ 0 (44,318) (133)
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]                              
Issuance of common stock upon exercise of stock options (in shares)             10                
Issuance of common stock upon exercise of stock options 1                 1          
Issuance of stock (in shares)             500                
Issuance of stock 4,916                 4,916          
Stock-based compensation 956                 956          
Net income (loss) (4,822)                         (4,813) (9)
Ending balance (in shares) at Mar. 31, 2025         0   9,932                
Ending balance at Mar. 31, 2025 1,559       $ 0   $ 1     50,831     0 (49,131) (142)
Beginning balance (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2024         0   9,422                
Beginning balance at Dec. 31, 2024 508       $ 0   $ 1     44,958     0 (44,318) (133)
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]                              
Foreign currency translation adjustment (4)                            
Net income (loss) (15,879)                            
Ending balance (in shares) at Sep. 30, 2025         965   10,543                
Ending balance at Sep. 30, 2025 1,594       $ 4,940   $ 1     56,987     (4) (60,164) (166)
Beginning balance (in shares) at Mar. 31, 2025         0   9,932                
Beginning balance at Mar. 31, 2025 1,559       $ 0   $ 1     50,831     0 (49,131) (142)
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]                              
Issuance of common stock upon exercise of stock options (in shares)             42                
Issuance of common stock upon exercise of stock options 1                 1          
Issuance of stock (in shares)           965     124            
Issuance of stock     $ 4,940 $ 629   $ 4,940           $ 629      
Issuance of common stock to consultant for services rendered (in shares)             42                
Issuance of common stock to consultant for services rendered 60                 60          
Release of restricted stock units to consultant for services rendered (in shares)             5                
Release of restricted stock units to consultant for services rendered 29                 29          
Stock-based compensation 890                 890          
Net income (loss) (6,462)                         (6,448) (14)
Ending balance (in shares) at Jun. 30, 2025         965   10,145                
Ending balance at Jun. 30, 2025 1,646       $ 4,940   $ 1     52,440     0 (55,579) (156)
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]                              
Issuance of common stock upon exercise of stock options (in shares)             129                
Issuance of common stock upon exercise of stock options 8           $ 0     8          
Reclassification of warrant liability to equity 1,971                 1,971          
Issuance of stock (in shares)                 261            
Issuance of stock       $ 1,523               $ 1,523      
Issuance of common stock to consultant for services rendered (in shares)             8                
Issuance of common stock to consultant for services rendered 46                 46          
Stock-based compensation 999                 999          
Foreign currency translation adjustment (4)                       (4)    
Net income (loss) (4,595)                         (4,585) (10)
Ending balance (in shares) at Sep. 30, 2025         965   10,543                
Ending balance at Sep. 30, 2025 $ 1,594       $ 4,940   $ 1     $ 56,987     $ (4) $ (60,164) $ (166)
v3.25.3
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Convertible Preferred Stock and Stockholders' Equity (Parenthetical) - USD ($)
$ in Thousands
3 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2025
Jun. 30, 2025
Mar. 31, 2025
Common Stock      
Issuance costs $ 87 $ 114 $ 84
Series A preferred stock      
Issuance costs   $ 60  
v3.25.3
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows - USD ($)
$ in Thousands
9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2025
Sep. 30, 2024
OPERATING ACTIVITIES:    
Net loss $ (15,879) $ (8,455)
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash used in operating activities:    
Depreciation and amortization 49 138
Non-cash lease expense 171 174
Non-cash interest expense on convertible promissory note 0 163
Amortization of debt issuance costs 0 337
Stock-based compensation 2,845 1,607
Common stock issued to consultant for services rendered 106 0
Restricted stock units released to consultant for services rendered 29 0
Change in fair value of convertible promissory notes 0 7,017
Change in fair value of warrants (1,076) (10,385)
Gain on expiration of warrants (724) 0
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:    
Grant receivable 0 51
Prepaid expenses and other current assets 816 (2,449)
Accounts payable 2,008 (712)
Accrued expenses (298) 132
Operating lease liabilities (155) (166)
Other current liabilities 186 0
Net cash used in operating activities (11,922) (12,548)
INVESTING ACTIVITIES:    
Purchase of equipment (59) (17)
Net cash used in investing activities (59) (17)
FINANCING ACTIVITIES:    
Drawdown on loan facilities from Juvenescence 0 2,933
Cash and restricted cash acquired in connection with the Merger 0 337
Proceeds from the exercise of Post-Merger Warrants by Juvenescence 0 4,988
Proceeds from the exercise of stock options 10 90
Principal repayment on loan facilities to Juvenescence 0 (133)
Principal repayments on finance lease liabilities 0 (34)
Proceeds from issuance of Series A Convertible Preferred Stock, net 4,940 0
Proceeds from 2025 Convertible Note, net 4,913 0
Net cash provided by financing activities 16,931 8,181
Effect of foreign currency on cash (2) 0
NET CHANGE IN CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS 4,948 (4,384)
CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS:    
At beginning of the period 3,672 7,619
At end of the period 8,620 3,235
SUPPLEMENTAL SCHEDULE OF NON-CASH FINANCING AND INVESTING ACTIVITIES:    
Issuance of common stock upon conversion of redeemable convertible preferred stock 0 36,404
Merger and issuance of common stock upon consummation of Merger on March 26, 2024 0 961
Deemed dividend from issuance of warrants 0 18,501
Issuance of warrants upon exercise of Post-Merger Warrants 0 1,372
Transfer of right‑of‑use assets to property and equipment upon title transfer 75 0
Issuance of warrants in connection with 2025 Convertible Note 3,747 0
Recognition of debt discount on Convertible Note 2,112 0
Reclassification of warrant liability to equity 1,971 0
Juvenescence    
FINANCING ACTIVITIES:    
Proceeds from issuance of common stock 4,916 0
At The Market Offering Program    
FINANCING ACTIVITIES:    
Proceeds from issuance of common stock $ 2,152 $ 0
v3.25.3
Organization, Business Overview and Liquidity
9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2025
Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements [Abstract]  
Organization, Business Overview and Liquidity Organization, Business Overview and Liquidity
Serina Therapeutics, Inc. was incorporated as AgeX Therapeutics, Inc. in January 2017 in the state of Delaware. On March 26, 2024, AgeX Therapeutics, Inc. (“AgeX”) completed a merger transaction in accordance with the terms and conditions of the Agreement and Plan of Merger and Reorganization, dated as of August 29, 2023 (the “Merger Agreement”), by and among AgeX, Canaria Transaction Corporation, an Alabama corporation and a wholly owned subsidiary of AgeX (“Merger Sub”), and Serina Therapeutics, Inc., an Alabama corporation (“Legacy Serina”), pursuant to which Merger Sub merged with and into Legacy Serina, with Legacy Serina surviving the merger as a wholly owned subsidiary of AgeX (the “Merger”). Additionally, on March 26, 2024, AgeX changed its name from “AgeX Therapeutics, Inc.” to “Serina Therapeutics, Inc.”. Unless otherwise stated or the context otherwise requires, together with its subsidiaries, "Serina" or the "Company"). See Note 3, Recapitalization, for the accounting for the Merger.
Following the consummation of the Merger, the business previously conducted by Legacy Serina became the business conducted by the Company, which is now a clinical-stage biotechnology company developing Legacy Serina’s drug product candidates. The Company’s headquarters are located in Huntsville, Alabama.
The Company is a clinical-stage biotechnology company developing a pipeline of wholly-owned drug product candidates to treat neurological diseases and other indications. The Company’s POZ drug delivery technology is designed to enable certain existing drugs and novel drug candidates to be modified in a way that provides the potential to improve the integrated efficacy and safety profile of multiple modalities including small molecules, RNA-based therapeutics, and antibody-based drug conjugates (ADCs). The Company’s proprietary POZ technology is based on a synthetic, water soluble, low viscosity polymer called poly(2-oxazoline) and is engineered to provide greater control in drug loading and more precision in the rate of release of attached drugs delivered via easy-to-administer, long-acting subcutaneous injection.
The therapeutic agents in the Company’s product candidates are typically well-understood and marketed drugs that are effective but are limited by pharmacokinetic (PK) profiles that can include toxicity, side effects and short half-life. The Company believes that by using POZ technology, drugs with narrow therapeutic windows can be designed to maintain more desirable and stable levels in the blood. The Company believes that POZ technology can be applied to small molecules, proteins, antibody drug conjugates, and other classes of molecules.
Prior to the closing of the Merger, any assets of AgeX other than certain “Legacy Assets” were transferred into a newly formed subsidiary of AgeX, UniverXome Bioengineering, Inc. (“UniverXome”). UniverXome assumed (i) any outstanding indebtedness of AgeX to Juvenescence Limited (“Juvenescence”), which was secured by the assets contributed to UniverXome, (ii) most of the Company’s contracts with third parties, other than certain designated contracts and any contracts that were terminated before the Merger, and (iii) all other liabilities of the Company in existence as of the effective time of the Merger (other than certain transaction expenses related to the Merger). In December 2024, the Company sold UniverXome to Juvenescence. See Note 5, Related Party Transactions.
Liquidity and Going Concern
In addition to general economic and capital market trends and conditions, the Company’s ability to raise sufficient additional capital to finance its operations from time to time will depend on a number of factors specific to the Company’s operations such as operating expenses and progress in out-licensing its technologies and development of its product candidates.
The unavailability or inadequacy of financing to meet future capital needs could force the Company to modify, curtail, delay, or suspend some or all aspects of planned operations. Sales of additional equity securities could result in the dilution of the interests of its stockholders. The Company cannot assure that adequate financing will be available on favorable terms, if at all.
The Company recognized a net loss of $15.8 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2025. The Company used $11.9 million in net cash from operating activities for the period ended September 30, 2025, and has historically incurred losses from operations and expects to continue to generate negative cash flows as the Company implements its business plan.
Management believes that its cash and cash equivalents of $8.6 million as of September 30, 2025, are not expected to be sufficient to satisfy the Company’s anticipated operating and other funding requirements for the twelve months from the issuance of these condensed consolidated interim financial statements. As such, there is substantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern.
The Company is subject to risks and uncertainties common to early-stage companies in the biotechnology industry, including, but not limited to, technical risks associated with the successful research, development and manufacturing of therapeutic candidates, development by competitors of new technological innovations, dependence on key personnel, protection of proprietary technology, compliance with government regulations, and the ability to secure additional capital to fund operations. Therapeutic drug candidates currently under development will require significant additional research and development efforts, including extensive preclinical and clinical testing and regulatory approval prior to commercialization. These efforts will require significant amounts of additional capital, adequate personnel, and infrastructure. Even if the Company’s product development efforts are successful, it is uncertain when, if ever, the Company will realize revenue from product sales. The Company expects to largely rely on raising capital from equity investors, and additional funding through the Company's at-the-market offering ("ATM"), for funding its operations. Some funding may be obtained through licensing agreements or other arrangements with commercial entities.
As a result of recurring losses from operations and recurring negative cash flows from operations, there is substantial doubt regarding the Company’s ability to maintain liquidity sufficient to operate its business effectively. If sufficient capital is not available, the Company would be required to delay, limit, reduce, or terminate its product development or future commercialization efforts or grant rights to develop and market therapeutic candidates to other entities. There can be no assurance that the Company will be able to raise additional funds or that the terms and conditions of any future financings will be workable or acceptable to the Company or its shareholders. The financial statements do not include any adjustments relating to the recoverability and classification of recorded asset amounts or the amounts and classifications of liabilities that might be necessary should the Company be unable to continue as a going concern.
v3.25.3
Basis of Presentation and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2025
Accounting Policies [Abstract]  
Basis of Presentation and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies Basis of Presentation and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
The unaudited condensed consolidated interim financial statements presented herein, and as discussed below, have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“U.S. GAAP”) and the requirements of the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) for interim reporting. In accordance with those rules and regulations, certain information and footnote disclosures normally included in comprehensive consolidated financial statements have been condensed or omitted. The condensed consolidated balance sheet as of September 30, 2025 and the condensed consolidated statements of operations, condensed consolidated statements of convertible preferred stock and stockholders’ equity (deficit) for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025, and 2024 and condensed consolidated statements of cash flows for the nine months ended September 30, 2025, and 2024 are unaudited. The condensed consolidated balance sheet as of December 31, 2024 was derived from the audited consolidated financial statements at that date but does not include all the information and footnotes required by U.S. GAAP. These condensed consolidated interim financial statements should be read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements and notes thereto for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023 in the Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the SEC on March 24, 2025.
The accompanying condensed consolidated interim financial statements, in the opinion of management, include all adjustments, consisting only of normal recurring adjustments, necessary for a fair presentation of the Company’s financial condition and results of operations. The condensed consolidated results of operations are not necessarily indicative of the results to be expected for any other interim period or for the entire year.
Principles of consolidation
The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company, its wholly owned subsidiary, Serina Therapeutics Australia Pty Ltd, and its subsidiaries in which the Company has a controlling financial interest. The Company established Serina Therapeutics Australia Pty Ltd on July 2, 2025, for the purpose of conducting clinical research activities in Australia. For consolidated entities where the Company has less than 100% of ownership, the Company records net loss attributable to noncontrolling interest on the consolidated statement of operations equal to the percentage of the ownership interest retained in such entities by the respective noncontrolling parties. The noncontrolling interest is reflected as a separate element of stockholders’ equity on the Company’s consolidated balance sheets. Any material intercompany transactions and balances have been eliminated upon consolidation.
The Company assesses whether it is the primary beneficiary of a variable interest entity (“VIE”) at the inception of the arrangement and at each reporting date. This assessment is based on its power to direct the activities of the VIE that most significantly impact the VIE’s economic performance and the Company’s obligation to absorb losses or the right to receive benefits from the VIE that could potentially be significant to the VIE. If the entity is within the scope of the variable interest model and meets the definition of a VIE, the Company considers whether it must consolidate the VIE or provide additional disclosures regarding its involvement with the VIE. If the Company determines that it is the primary beneficiary of the VIE, the Company will consolidate the VIE. This analysis is performed at the initial investment in the entity or upon any reconsideration event. For entities the Company holds as an equity investment that are not consolidated under the VIE model, the Company will consider whether its investment constitutes a controlling financial interest in the entity and therefore should be considered for consolidation under the voting interest model.
Prior to the Merger, the Company had three subsidiaries: Legacy Serina and UniverXome, which were wholly owned subsidiaries, and NeuroAirmid Inc., a Delaware corporation ("NeuroAirmid"). Following the Merger, the Company is primarily focused on developing Legacy Serina's product candidates.
NeuroAirmid is jointly owned by the Company and certain researchers from the University of California and was organized to pursue certain cell therapies, focusing initially on Huntington’s Disease. The Company owns 47.5% of the outstanding capital stock of NeuroAirmid. The Company consolidates NeuroAirmid despite not having majority ownership interest as it has the ability to influence decision making and financial results through contractual rights and obligations as per Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 810, Consolidation. On March 27, 2024, the Board of Directors of the Company formed a special committee for the purpose of exploring strategic alternatives for the business, assets and/or stock of NeuroAirmid and UniverXome including its subsidiaries Reverse Bio, Inc., a Delaware corporation ("Reverse Bio") and ReCyte, Inc., a California corporation ("ReCyte").
Pursuant to a stock purchase agreement with Juvenescence, dated December 23, 2024, the Company sold all outstanding shares of UniverXome for a nominal cash payment and deconsolidated UniverXome. See Note 5, Related Party Transactions for details.

Financial statement reclassification
Certain account balances from prior periods have been reclassified in these condensed consolidated financial statements to conform to current period classifications. Interest income and expenses, previously presented net on the condensed consolidated statement of operations, is now presented separately. The non-cash interest expense on convertible promissory note, previously combined with accrued expenses in the operating activities section of the condensed consolidated statement of cash flows, is now presented separately within operating activities. These reclassifications had no effect on the reported results of operations or financial position.
Use of estimates
The preparation of consolidated financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect (i) the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the consolidated financial statements, and (ii) the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period, in each case with consideration given to materiality. Significant estimates and assumptions which are subject to significant judgment include those related to assumptions used to value stock-based awards and liability classified warrants. Actual results could differ materially from those estimates. To the extent there are material differences between the estimates and actual results, the Company’s future results of operations will be affected.
Foreign currency translation and transactions
The Company’s reporting currency is the U.S. dollar. The functional currency of the Company’s subsidiary located in Australia is the Australian Dollar. Balance sheets prepared in the functional currencies are translated to the reporting currency at exchange rates in effect at the end of the accounting period, except for stockholders’ equity accounts, which are translated at rates in effect when these balances were originally recorded. Revenue and expense accounts are translated using a weighted-average rate during the year. The resulting foreign currency translation adjustments are recorded as a separate component of accumulated other comprehensive loss in the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheets. Gains and losses resulting from exchange rate changes on transactions denominated in a currency other than the functional currency are included in earnings as incurred.
Contingent warrants
Warrants issued in connection with future tranches of debt are initially recorded as Financial Commitment Assets ("FCAs") on the consolidated balance sheet at their fair value upon issuance. The FCAs remain as assets until the related debt tranches are drawn. Upon drawdown, the FCAs are reclassified as a debt discount, reducing the carrying value of the related debt tranche, and are subsequently amortized to interest expense over the term of the respective debt tranche.
The warrants are evaluated to determine their appropriate classification as equity or liability instruments. If the number of shares underlying the warrants is not fixed and varies based on the amount borrowed, the warrants are liability classified and will be remeasured to fair value each reporting period with a charge or credit to the condensed consolidated statement of operations and comprehensive loss.
Concentration of credit risk and other risks and uncertainties
Financial instruments that potentially subject the Company to concentrations of risk consist principally of cash equivalents. The Company maintains its cash deposits in Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (“FDIC”) insured financial institutions and may at times hold investments at Securities Investor Protection Corporation (“SIPC”) insured broker-dealers.
At times, the balances in these accounts may be in excess of FDIC and SIPC insured limits. At September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, cash and cash equivalents deposits in excess of FDIC limits were both nominal, and investments and deposits in excess of SIPC limits were $8.1 million and $2.9 million, respectively.
Product candidates developed by the Company and its subsidiaries will require approvals or clearances from the United States Food and Drug Administration (“FDA”) or foreign regulatory agencies prior to commercial sales. There can be no assurance that any of the product candidates being developed or planned to be developed by the Company or its subsidiaries will receive any of the required approvals or clearances. If regulatory approval or clearance were to be denied or any such approval or clearance were to be delayed, it would have a material adverse impact on the Company.
Segment reporting
Operating segments are identified as components of an enterprise about which separate discrete financial information is available for evaluation by the chief operating decision maker, the Chief Executive Officer, in making decisions regarding resource allocation and assessing performance. The Company views its operations and manages its business as one operating segment.
Recently adopted accounting pronouncements
In November 2023, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued ASU 2023-07, Segment Reporting (Topic 280): Improvements to Reportable Segment Disclosures, which expands annual and interim disclosure requirements for reportable segments, primarily through enhanced disclosures about significant segment expenses. This ASU is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2023, and interim periods within fiscal periods beginning after December 15, 2024, and requires retrospective application to all prior periods presented in the financial statements. The Company adopted interim requirements on January 1, 2025. There was no impact on the Company’s reportable segments identified and additional required disclosures have been included in Note 13.
In December 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-09, Income Taxes (Topic 740): Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures, under which entities must consistently categorize and provide greater disaggregation of information in the rate reconciliation. They must also further disaggregate income taxes paid. ASU 2023-09 enhances annual income tax disclosures to address investor requests for more information about the tax risks and opportunities present in an entity’s worldwide operations. The Company adopted this standard as of January 1, 2025, and it did not have a material impact on the condensed consolidated financial statements.
In March 2024, the FASB issued ASU 2024-02, Codification Improvements—Amendments to Remove References to the Concepts Statements. ASU 2024-02 removes various references to the FASB’s Concepts Statements from the FASB’s Accounting Standards Codification (Codification or GAAP). The Concepts Statements are non-authoritative guidance issued by the FASB that provide the objectives, qualitative characteristics and other concepts that govern the development of accounting principles by the FASB. The ASU indicates that the goal of the amendments is to simplify the Codification and distinguish between nonauthoritative and authoritative guidance (since, unlike the Codification, the concepts
statements are nonauthoritative). The Company adopted this standard on January 1, 2025, and it did not have a material impact on the condensed consolidated financial statements.
Recently issued accounting pronouncements not yet adopted
In November 2024, the FASB issued ASU 2024-03, Income Statement-Reporting Comprehensive Income-Expense Disaggregation Disclosures (Subtopic 220-40): Disaggregation of Income Statement Expenses to improve disclosures by providing more detailed information about the types of expenses in commonly presented expense captions. The guidance is effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2026, and interim periods within fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2027, with early adoption permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the effect this standard will have on its consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.
In September 2025, the FASB issued ASU 2025-07, Derivatives and Hedging (Topic 815) and Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606): Derivatives Scope Refinements and Scope Clarification for Share-Based Noncash Consideration from a Customer in a Revenue Contract. The ASU adds a scope exception for certain non-exchange traded contracts whose underlyings are based on operations or activities specific to one party and not based on market rates or prices, indexes, or the price or performance of a financial asset or liability of either party. It also clarifies that share-based noncash consideration from a customer in a revenue contract is within the scope of Topic 606 until the entity’s right to receive or retain such consideration becomes unconditional under that Topic. The guidance is effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2026, and interim reporting periods within those fiscal years, with early adoption permitted on either a prospective or modified retrospective basis. The Company is currently evaluating the effect this standard will have on its consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.
v3.25.3
Recapitalization
9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2025
Reverse Recapitalization [Abstract]  
Recapitalization Recapitalization
As described in Note 1, Legacy Serina merged with Merger Sub on March 26, 2024, with Legacy Serina surviving the merger as a wholly owned subsidiary of AgeX. The Merger was accounted for as a reverse recapitalization, and Legacy Serina was considered the accounting acquirer for financial reporting purposes. This determination was based on the facts that, immediately following the Merger: (i) Legacy Serina stockholders owned a substantial majority of the voting rights; (ii) Legacy Serina designated a majority of the initial members of the board of directors of the combined company; (iii) Legacy Serina’s executive management team became the management team of the combined company, and (iv) the combined company intended to primarily focus on developing Legacy Serina’s product candidates, and would not continue to develop AgeX’s product candidates.
At the effective time of the Merger, each outstanding share of Legacy Serina capital stock (after giving effect to the automatic conversion of all shares of Legacy Serina preferred stock into shares of Legacy Serina common stock and excluding any shares held as treasury stock by Legacy Serina or held or owned by AgeX or any subsidiary of AgeX or of Legacy Serina and any dissenting shares) was converted into the right to receive 0.97682654 shares of AgeX common stock, which resulted in AgeX issuing an aggregate of 5,913,277 shares of AgeX common stock to the stockholders of Legacy Serina.
Total AgeX shares outstanding prior to Merger2,500,612 
Shares issued to Legacy Serina stockholders5,913,277 
Total shares outstanding8,413,889 
In addition, AgeX assumed the Legacy Serina 2017 Stock Option Plan, and each outstanding and unexercised option to purchase Legacy Serina common stock and each outstanding and unexercised warrant to purchase Legacy Serina capital stock was adjusted with such stock options and warrants henceforth representing the right to purchase a number of shares of Company common stock equal to 0.97682654 multiplied by the number of shares of Legacy Serina common stock previously represented by such options and warrants.
In March 2023, AgeX provided Legacy Serina with bridge financing in the form of a convertible promissory note for the principal amount of $10.0 million (the “AgeX-Serina Note”). See Note 6, Fair Value Measurements, for additional information on the AgeX-Serina Note.
As part of the recapitalization, the Company obtained the assets and liabilities listed below (in thousands):
Cash and cash equivalents$337 
Other current assets174 
Intangible assets576 
Accounts payable and accrued expenses(2,830)
Loan payable to Juvenescence(8,017)
Net liabilities acquired(9,760)
Conversion of AgeX-Serina Note
10,721 
Total$961 
The Company recognized the assets and liabilities acquired and the conversion of the outstanding balance of the AgeX-Serina Note into shares of the Company’s common stock upon closing of the Merger, as a net increase in additional paid-in capital within equity for the three months ended March 31, 2024.
v3.25.3
Selected Balance Sheet Components
9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2025
Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements [Abstract]  
Selected Balance Sheet Components Selected Balance Sheet Components
Prepaid expenses and other current assets
Prepaid expenses and other current assets were as follows (in thousands):
 September 30, 2025December 31, 2024
Financial commitment asset$1,721 $— 
Prepaid technology access fee340 1,333 
Prepaid insurance349 192 
Other prepaid expenses297 402 
Other current assets170 77 
Total prepaid expenses and other current assets$2,877 $2,004 
Property and equipment, net
Property and equipment, net was as follows (in thousands):
September 30, 2025December 31, 2024
Equipment$1,094 $966 
Software136 136 
Total property and equipment, gross
1,230 1,102 
Less: accumulated depreciation and amortization
(650)(601)
Total property and equipment, net$580 $501 
Depreciation and amortization of property and equipment for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024 were not material.
Accrued liabilities
Accrued liabilities were comprised of the following (in thousands):
September 30, 2025December 31, 2024
Research program and services$371 $329 
Accrued compensation620 559 
Accrued severance— 304 
Other accrued expenses153 237 
Total accrued expenses$1,144 $1,429 
Other current liabilities
Included in other current liabilities is $0.5 million of financed directors and officers insurance premiums at a rate of 7.31% with a nine-month maturity ending December 2025. As of September 30, 2025 the remaining unpaid balance was $0.2 million.
v3.25.3
Related Party Transactions
9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2025
Related Party Transactions [Abstract]  
Related Party Transactions Related Party Transactions
Convertible Notes Agreement and Asset Contribution Agreement
On March 26, 2024, AgeX entered into an Asset Contribution Agreement with UniverXome (the “Asset Contribution Agreement”) pursuant to which AgeX transferred to UniverXome all of AgeX’s capital stock in Reverse Bio and ReCyte, along with certain patents, patent applications, and other intellectual property, certain biological materials, certain trademarks and service marks, certain equipment, certain inventory, and certain files and records relating to the foregoing, and UniverXome assumed all of the Liabilities (as defined in the Asset Contribution Agreement) in existence as the Effective Time (as defined in the Merger Agreement) other than the Transaction Expenses (as defined in the Merger Agreement) and certain other liabilities. Concurrently with the execution of the Asset Contribution Agreement, AgeX, and its subsidiaries UniverXome, Reverse Bio, and ReCyte (the “Subsidiary Obligors”), entered into an Agreement with Respect to the Convertible Notes (the “Convertible Notes Agreement”) with Juvenescence.
Pursuant to the Convertible Notes Agreement, AgeX transferred to UniverXome, and UniverXome assumed, all of AgeX’s rights and obligations under the convertible notes issued to Juvenescence in 2022 and 2023 (the "2022 Secured Note" and "2023 Secured Note", respectively) and related Security Agreements. Juvenescence agreed to release AgeX from its obligations under (i) the 2022 Secured Note and the 2023 Secured Note (collectively, the “Convertible Notes”), together with (ii) all agreements evidencing or securing the Convertible Notes, including the related Security Agreements, and UniverXome assumed all of AgeX’s obligations under the Convertible Notes and related agreements, including the Security Agreements. As a result, (i) Juvenescence agreed to look solely to UniverXome, and ReCyte and Reverse Bio as guarantors, for any and all obligations, including repayment, under the Convertible Notes, the Security Agreements, and related documents, and (ii) Juvenescence released its security interests in the assets of AgeX and certain subsidiaries, including its security interests in the stock of UniverXome, the stock and assets of Merger Sub, the stock and assets of NeuroAirmid, and certain cGMP embryonic cell lines used to support the NeuroAirmid business, and any security interest that it might have in the stock and assets of Merger Sub and Legacy Serina, while retaining its security interest in the stock and assets of ReCyte and Reverse Bio and in AgeX assets transferred to UniverXome. Juvenescence also agreed to provide the Company with a claims reserve for the purpose of settling and paying the costs associated with certain claims and demands against the Company, which claims reserve will be an additional debt obligation of UniverXome.
The Convertible Notes Agreement amended certain provisions of the 2022 Secured Note and 2023 Secured Note to eliminate (i) the provisions permitting Juvenescence and AgeX to convert outstanding amounts owed into shares of AgeX common stock, and (ii) certain related provisions. Upon the Merger, a portion of the Convertible Notes were converted, leaving a balance of $10.4 million in loans due to Juvenescence, net of debt issuance, on the condensed consolidated balance sheet. The 2022 Secured Notes also had terms which dictated the issuance of AgeX warrants upon drawdowns of loan funds, however, these were cancelled pursuant to the Merger Agreement and the remaining 2022 Warrants to purchase a total of 129,593 shares of common stock at prices ranging from $20.75 to $25.01 remained in effect. As of September 30, 2025, 41,217 warrants expired leaving 88,376 remaining. See Note 7, Stockholders’ Equity, for details.
Sale of subsidiary to Juvenescence

On December 23, 2024, the Company entered into the Stock Purchase Agreement with Juvenescence, pursuant to which Juvenescence purchased all of the outstanding shares of UniverXome, thereby assuming all Legacy Assets AgeX
transferred to UniverXome prior to the Merger. The Legacy Assets included all of AgeX’s interests in ReCyte, Reverse Bio along with certain patents, patent applications, and other intellectual property, certain biological materials, certain trademarks and service marks, certain equipment, certain inventory, and certain files and records relating to the foregoing. As consideration for the purchase of UniverXome, Juvenescence assumed the net assets of UniverXome primarily consisting of intangible assets, net, of $0.5 million, and approximately $11.3 million of secured debt, consisting of the 2022 Secured Note and 2023 Secured Note owed by UniverXome to Juvenescence in addition to a nominal cash payment. The debt assumed by Juvenescence was secured by substantially all of the assets of UniverXome. As a result of the sale, the Company derecognized all assets and liabilities of UniverXome with a corresponding increase to additional paid-in capital from Juvenescence calculated as the difference between the carrying amount of the extinguished debt and the fair value of the reacquisition price of the debt. For the year ended December 31, 2024, the Company recognized a $10.9 million capital contribution on the consolidated statement of redeemable convertible preferred stock and stockholders' equity/(deficit).
Series A Convertible Preferred Stock
On April 8, 2025, the Company entered into a securities purchase agreement with related parties for a private placement of 965,250 shares of Series A Convertible Preferred Stock, par value $0.0001 (the "Series A Preferred Stock"), at $5.18 per share for net proceeds of $4.9 million. See Note 7, Stockholders' Equity.
September 2025 Convertible note and warrants

On September 9, 2025, the Company entered into an unsecured convertible note (the “2025 Convertible Note”) with a member of the Company’s Board of Directors, making available to the Company an aggregate principal amount of up to $20 million.

Under the 2025 Convertible Note, borrowings may be drawn at the discretion of the Company in five tranches tied to certain clinical and operational milestones, provided if at the time the Company achieves a milestone, the Company does not have sufficient cash available to cover projected costs and expenses to achieve the next milestone, then the Company will be required to draw such deficiency. The five tranches correspond to the five following milestones: (i) up to $5 million on or before September 30, 2025; (ii) up to $2.5 million on or after December 15, 2025 upon enrollment of the first patient in the Company’s SER-252-1b registrational clinical study; (iii) up to $2.5 million upon enrollment of the second patient in the study; (iv) up to $5 million on or after March 15, 2026, upon dosing of the last patient in Cohort 1 of the study; and (v) up to $5 million on or after April 30, 2026, upon dosing of the first patient in Cohort 2 of the study (“Milestone 5”).

The funding tranches of the 2025 Convertible Note are subject to the accomplishment of certain SER-252-1b registrational clinical study accomplishments, and on November 3, 2025, the Company announced that it received a notice from the FDA placing a clinical hold on the Company’s Investigational New Drug (“IND”) application for SER-252, the Company’s lead development program for advanced Parkinson’s disease. The FDA has requested additional information related to a commonly used excipient in the formulation of SER-252. The FDA’s feedback does not relate to the active drug substance or its proposed mechanism of action. The Company plans to engage with the FDA in order to lift the clinical hold and commence with the planned SER-252-1b registrational clinical study.

Borrowings under the 2025 Convertible Note bear interest at an annual rate of 10%, initially payable in cash on the first anniversary of the initial funding and on a quarterly basis after. The 2025 Convertible Note contains customary events of default, including an additional 2% of default interest following an event of default, and has a maturity date of five years after the initial funding date. The Company can prepay the 2025 Convertible Note at any time with no penalty. The Company is required to repay all obligations outstanding under the 2025 Convertible Note in cash in the event of certain liquidity events or a change of control of the Company, all as defined in the 2025 Convertible Note.

The 2025 Convertible Note is convertible, at the option of the holder, into shares of the Company's common stock, at any time until the maturity date at a conversion price of $5.18 per share. The conversion price is subject to standard adjustments in the event of any stock split, stock dividend, stock combination, recapitalization, or other similar transaction.

Borrowings under the 2025 Convertible Note constitute senior unsecured obligations of the Company and rank senior in right of payment to all indebtedness of the Company expressly subordinated to the 2025 Convertible Note, and pari passu in right of payment with all other unsecured indebtedness of the Company. The Company may incur additional indebtedness that is junior to the Convertible Note without restriction, but may not incur additional indebtedness that is senior or pari passu in right of payment to the 2025 Convertible Note without the prior written consent of the holder.
Under the 2025 Convertible Note, the Company also agreed to issue warrants ("Contingent Warrants") for the purchase of shares of the Company's Common Stock on each funding date in an amount equal to 100% of the number of shares issuable upon conversion of the funds extended by the investors on such funding date. See Note 7, Stockholders Equity, for terms regarding these warrants.

While the Contingent Warrants are not legally issued until the Company draws down on the associated tranches of the 2025 Convertible Note, they are considered to be issued for accounting purposes. As no amounts were drawn as of the effective date of the 2025 Convertible Notes agreement, the Contingent Warrants were recorded as Financial Commitment Assets (“FCAs”), corresponding to each of the five 2025 Convertible Note tranches, at the initial fair value of the Contingent Warrants of $3.7 million, in prepaid expenses and other current assets in the condensed consolidated balance sheet. The Company determined that the Contingent Warrants were liability classified as the number of shares underlying the warrants was variable (see Note 7, Stockholders' Equity).

In September 2025, the Company drew down the first tranche of $5.0 million under the 2025 Convertible Note ("First Tranche"), incurring $0.1 million in transaction costs which were accounted for as a debt discount. The Company also reclassified a pro rata portion of the FCA associated with the First Tranche, recorded at the initial warrant fair value of $2.0 million, as a debt discount resulting in the net carrying value of the First Tranche of $2.9 million.
The Company determined that the First Tranche includes a compound embedded derivative related to mandatory redemption features in the event of certain liquidity events or change of control of the Company and contingent interest upon an event of default feature. The fair value of the compound embedded derivative was not material and has not been separately recognized on the condensed consolidated balance sheet. The Company will reassess the fair value of the compound embedded derivative each reporting period.
v3.25.3
Fair Value Measurements
9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2025
Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract]  
Fair Value Measurements Fair Value Measurements
Warrant Liabilities
The Company classifies the Merger Warrants and Contingent Warrants (as defined in Note 5, Related Party) as liabilities. At the end of each reporting period, changes in fair value during the period are recognized as a component of other income (expense), net within the consolidated statements of operations. The change in fair value of these warrant liabilities recognized during the three months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024 was a $1.0 million gain and a $6.7 million gain, respectively. The change in fair value of these warrant liabilities recognized during the nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024 amounted to a $1.1 million gain and a $10.4 million gain, respectively. The Company will continue adjusting the warrant liability for changes in fair value until the earlier of a) the exercise or expiration of the warrants or b) when the conditions for equity classification are met, at which time the warrant liabilities will be derecognized. In July 2025, the remaining unexercised Post-Merger warrants and the corresponding Incentive warrants expired, resulting in a gain of $0.7 million. In September 2025, in connection with the First Tranche drawdown of the 2025 Convertible Note, the Contingent Warrant related to the First Tranche met equity classification criteria and was remeasured at its estimated fair value of $2.0 million and reclassified to additional paid-in capital. (See Note 7, Stockholders’ Equity).
The following is a reconciliation of the beginning and ending balances of warrant liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis using significant unobservable inputs (Level 3) during the nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024 (in thousands):
Merger
Warrants
Contingent Warrants
Balance as of December 31, 2024$3,582 $— 
Fair value at inception
— 3,747 
Change in fair value(976)(100)
Expiration
(724)— 
Reclassification to equity
— (1,971)
Balance as of September 30, 2025$1,882 $1,676 
  
Balance as of December 31, 2023$— $— 
Fair value at inception18,501 — 
Exercise
(1,372)— 
Change in fair value(10,385)— 
Balance as of September 30, 2024$6,744 $— 
The Company estimates the fair value of warrants using the Black-Scholes-Merton option pricing model with the following assumptions at the reporting date:
As of September 30,
20252024
Expected volatility
97.4% - 97.5%
99.2% - 123.6%
Expected term (in years)
1.0 - 2.5
0.8 - 3.5
Risk-free interest rate
3.6% - 3.7%
3.6% - 4.5%
Expected dividend yield0.00%0.00%
Expected volatility is estimated using the historical volatilities of comparable publicly traded companies over a period equal to the expected term of the warrants as the Company does not have sufficient trading history. The Company estimates the expected term using time to expiration of the warrant. The risk-free interest rate is the yield on a U.S. Treasury zero-coupon issue with a remaining term equal to or approximating the expected term of the warrant.
Convertible Promissory Notes
AgeX-Serina Note
On March 15, 2023, Legacy Serina issued the AgeX-Serina Note in the amount of $10.0 million to AgeX. The AgeX-Serina Note bore interest at 7% per annum and was scheduled to mature on March 15, 2026. Serina borrowed the $10.0 million pursuant to the AgeX-Serina Note to provide for general working capital needs.
Serina elected to initially and subsequently measure the AgeX-Serina Note in its entirety at fair value, with the fair value inception date adjustment as well as all subsequent changes in fair value recognized in the condensed consolidated statements of operations.
On March 15, 2023, the fair value of the $10.0 million principal amount under the AgeX-Serina Note was evaluated and an adjustment to reduce the fair value of the principal balance to $7.8 million was recorded at that time. On the date of the Merger, the AgeX-Serina Note was remeasured to its fair value of $10.7 million as it converted into equity upon the Merger. See Note 3, Recapitalization for details. The change in fair value recognized during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024 amounted to zero and approximately $7.0 million loss, respectively.
v3.25.3
Stockholders’ Equity
9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2025
Equity [Abstract]  
Stockholders’ Equity Stockholders’ Equity
Series A Convertible Preferred Stock
On April 8, 2025, the Company entered into a securities purchase agreement for a private placement of 965,250 shares of Series A Convertible Preferred Stock, par value $0.0001 (the "Series A Preferred Stock"), at $5.18 per share for net proceeds of $4.9 million. The Series A Preferred Stock earns cumulative dividends at a rate of 8% per annum that are declared annually beginning on March 31, 2026, and paid in shares of the Company's common stock ("PIK Shares"). As of September 30, 2025, 37,764 dividend shares have been accrued but not declared. The preferred stock ranks pari passu with parity stock and senior to junior stock and other indebtedness, with automatic and optional conversion rights. The Series A Preferred Stock is not redeemable.

Per each whole share of Series A Preferred Stock, the holders of Series A Preferred Stock will be entitled to cast the number of votes equal to the number of shares of the Company's common stock into which such holder's Series A Preferred Stock would be convertible into on the record date for the vote or consent of stockholders. The holders of Series A Preferred Stock will vote with the holders of the Company's common stock as a single class and on an as-converted basis, except as provided by law.

The Series A Preferred Stock is convertible, at the holder's option, into the number of shares of the Company's common stock equal to the sum of (i) the quotient of the issuance price divided by the conversion price (initially set at $5.18) and (ii) any PIK Shares accrued but not yet issued with respect to the shares of Series A Preferred Stock being converted, subject to certain beneficial ownership limitations that require stockholder approval for conversion. All shares of Series A Preferred Stock will automatically convert into shares of the Company's common stock if (i) the volume weighted average price per share of common stock is greater than two times the then effective conversion price for ten trading days within any twenty consecutive trading days and (ii) upon the Company completing an underwritten offering or private placement of the Company's common stock resulting in gross cash proceeds to the Company of at least $20 million.

In the event of a liquidation, dissolution, or winding up of the Company, holders of Series A Preferred Stock are entitled to receive payment based on the greater of issuance price or the per share consideration paid to common stockholders in the liquidation as if the Series A Preferred Stock had been converted into common stock prior to the liquidation event. After payment of the full liquidation preference of Series A Preferred Stock, distributions by the Company shall be distributed with equal priority among holders of the Series A Preferred Stock and common stock, with Series A Preferred Stock being treated on an as converted basis, including payment for accrued but unpaid dividends. As of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, the liquidation preference amounted to $5 million and zero, respectively.
Merger Warrants
On March 19, 2024, the Company issued to each holder of AgeX common stock as of the dividend record date, March 18, 2024, three warrants (“Post-Merger Warrants”) for each five shares of AgeX common stock held by such stockholder. Prior to their expiration on July 31, 2025, each Post-Merger Warrant was exercisable for one “Unit” at a price equal to $13.20 per Unit. Each Unit consisted of (i) one share of the Company's common stock and (ii) one warrant (“Incentive Warrant”). Each Incentive Warrant is exercisable for one share of the Company's common stock at an exercise price of $18.00 per warrant and will expire four-years after the closing date of the Merger. During the nine months ended September 30, 2025, 65 Post-Merger Warrants were exercised. Upon the exercise, the holders received 65 shares of the Company's common stock, and were issued 65 Incentive Warrants to purchase an additional 65 shares of the Company's common stock with an exercise price of $18.00 per share expiring on March 26, 2028. In July 2025, 366,626 Post-Merger warrants and the corresponding Incentive warrants expired, resulting in a gain on warrants expiration of $0.7 million. As of September 30, 2025, there were no Post-Merger Warrants issued and outstanding. The Company classified the Post-Merger Warrants and the Incentive Warrants as liabilities. See Note 6, Fair Value Measurements, regarding accounting for warrant liabilities.
Concurrently with the execution of the Merger Agreement, AgeX, Legacy Serina, and Juvenescence entered into a Side Letter, which became effective immediately prior to the closing of the Merger. The Side Letter provided, among other things, that Juvenescence will exercise all Post-Merger Warrants it holds to provide the Company an additional $15.0 million in capital according to the following schedule: (x) at least one-third on or before May 31, 2024, (y) at least one-third on or before November 30, 2024, and (z) at least one-third on or before June 30, 2025. Juvenescence received 1,133,593 Post-Merger Warrants. On June 6, 2024, Juvenescence exercised Post-Merger Warrants to purchase 377,865 shares of the Company’s common stock at an exercise price of $13.20 per share, for a total purchase price of $5.0 million. In addition to the shares of the Company's common stock, upon exercise of the Post-Merger Warrants, Juvenescence also
received Incentive Warrants to purchase 377,865 shares of the Company's common stock with an exercise price of $18.00 per share that expire on March 26, 2028.
Replacement Incentive Warrants
On November 26, 2024, the Company entered into the agreement with Juvenescence (the "Agreement") whereby the Company agreed to issue 1,000,000 shares of its common stock at $10.00 per share, for an aggregate amount of $10 million in two equal tranches and to surrender to the Company its outstanding Post-Merger Warrants for the purchase of 755,728 shares of its common stock, including all underlying Incentive Warrants issuable upon exercise thereof. In connection with Agreement, the Company issued to Juvenescence warrants to purchase 755,728 shares of common stock at an exercise price of $18.00 per share (the “Replacement Incentive Warrants” and, together with the Post-Merger Warrants and the Incentive Warrants, collectively, the “Merger Warrants”). The Replacement Incentive Warrants expire on March 26, 2028. As a result of the transaction, the Company derecognized warrant liabilities of $1.8 million associated with the surrendered and cancelled Post-Merger and Incentive Warrants and recorded the initial warrant liabilities of $1.4 million associated with the Replacement Incentive Warrants in the condensed consolidated balance sheet as of December 31, 2024.
The closing on the first tranche occurred on November 27, 2024 and the Company issued 500,000 shares of its common stock to Juvenescence for $5.0 million. Juvenescence purchased the second tranche of 500,000 shares of its common stock and receive corresponding Replacement Incentive Warrants for $5.0 million on January 31, 2025.
As of September 30, 2025, Juvenescence held 377,865 Incentive Warrants and 755,728 Replacement Incentive Warrants. The Company classifies the Replacement Incentive Warrants as liabilities. See Note 6, Fair Value Measurements, regarding accounting for warrant liabilities.
Contingent Warrants
On September 9, 2025, in connection with the 2025 Convertible Note, the Company agreed to issue to the lender the Contingent Warrants exercisable into an aggregate of up to 3,861,004 shares of the Company's common stock. The number of shares is determined based on 100% of the number of shares issuable upon conversion of respective tranche drawn down under the 2025 Convertible Note. The Contingent Warrants have an exercise price equal to $5.44 per share and expire on the earlier of sixty days following the achievement of Milestone 5 or September 30, 2026, unless stockholder approval has not been obtained. See Note 5, Related Party Transactions, for a discussion of the impact of recent FDA communication on the clinical study and achievement of Milestones.
As the number of shares underlying each Contingent Warrant is not fixed and varies depending on the amount drawn under each tranche of the 2025 Convertible Note, the Contingent Warrants did not meet equity classification criteria and are recorded as liabilities. The warrant liability is remeasured to fair value each reporting period until settlement or until equity classification criteria are met. See Note 6, Fair Value Measurements.
In September 2025, upon the Company's draw down of the First Tranche of the 2025 Convertible Note, the number of shares underlying the First Tranche Contingent Warrants became fixed at 965,251 shares and equity classification criteria were met. Therefore, the Company remeasured the warrant liability related to the first tranche Contingent Warrants to the fair value of $2.0 million, and reclassified the first tranche Contingent Warrants from liabilities to additional paid in capital.
Former AgeX Warrants
As of September 30, 2025, there were 88,376 warrants issued and outstanding with exercise prices ranging from $20.75 to $24.27 and expiration dates ranging from October 20, 2025 to April 3, 2026. In nine months ended September 30, 2025, 41,217 Former AgeX warrants expired. These warrants were issued in connection with drawdowns of loan funds by AgeX from Juvenescence under the 2022 Secured Note and were equity classified. On March 26, 2024, as per the terms of the Side Letter executed concurrently with the Merger Agreement on August 29, 2023, all “out of the money” AgeX warrants were canceled. The number of shares of common stock issuable upon exercise of the remaining “in the money warrants” and the exercise prices of those warrants were adjusted for the reverse stock split ratio of 1 for 35.17.
At-the-Market Offerings
On April 25, 2025, the Company entered into a sales agreement (the "Sales Agreement") with JonesTrading Institutional Services LLC (the "Sales Agent"), with respect to an ATM program under which the Company may offer and sell, from time to time at its sole discretion, shares of its common stock having an aggregate offering price of up to $13.3 million through the Sales Agent. The Company will pay the Sales Agent a commission up to 3.0% of the gross sales proceeds of
any shares sold under the Sales Agreement. As of September 30, 2025, the Company has sold 385,851 shares of its common stock, resulting in net proceeds of $2.2 million.
v3.25.3
Stock-Based Awards
9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2025
Share-Based Payment Arrangement [Abstract]  
Stock-Based Awards Stock-Based Awards
Equity Incentive Plan Awards
Serina 2024 Inducement Equity Plan
On August 15, 2024, the Company’s Board of Directors adopted the 2024 Inducement Equity Plan, (the “2024 Inducement Plan”). Under the 2024 Inducement Plan, the Company has reserved 1,000,000 shares of its common stock for the grant to new employees or non-employee directors of stock options, stock appreciation rights (“SARs”), sale of restricted stock units (“RSUs”), or other securities as approved by its Board of Directors or the Compensation Committee. As of September 30, 2025, options to purchase 72,500 shares of the Company's common stock were outstanding under the 2024 Inducement Plan, which options have exercise prices ranging from $4.54 to $5.75 per share and expire on dates ranging from November 2034 to June 2035. As of September 30, 2025, zero stock options had been exercised and 927,500 stock options remain available for issuance under the 2024 Inducement Equity Plan.
Serina 2024 Equity Incentive Plan
On March 27, 2024, the Company’s Board of Directors adopted the 2024 Equity Incentive Plan, (the “2024 Incentive Plan”). Under the 2024 Incentive Plan, the Company has reserved 2,675,000 shares of its common stock for the grant to employees, directors, and consultants of stock options, SARs, RSUs, or other securities as approved by its Board of Directors or the Compensation Committee. As of September 30, 2025, options to purchase 1,757,473 shares of the Company's common stock at exercise prices ranging from $4.60 to $14.87 per share were outstanding under the 2024 Equity Incentive Plan, and expire on dates ranging from March 2034 to June 2035. During the nine months ended September 30, 2025, 5,000 RSUs were granted with immediate vesting, which were all outstanding as of September 30, 2025. Additionally, 18,319 stock options were forfeited and zero options expired. As of September 30, 2025, zero stock options had been exercised and 912,527 shares remain available for issuance under the 2024 Equity Incentive Plan.
Serina 2017 Stock Option Plan
In 2017, the Legacy Serina’s Board of Directors adopted the Serina Therapeutics, Inc. 2017 Stock Option Plan (the “2017 Option Plan”) that provides for the granting of stock options to employees. Pursuant to the Merger Agreement, the Company assumed the outstanding stock options granted by Legacy Serina under the 2017 Option Plan. As of September 30, 2025, options to purchase 1,310,586 shares of Company's common stock at an exercise price of $0.06 were outstanding under the 2017 Option Plan and expire on dates ranging from July 2027 to December 2032. In the nine months ended September 30, 2025, 180,207 stock options were exercised, totaling to 375,139 stock options exercised under the 2017 Option Plan as of September 30, 2025. Additionally, as of September 30, 2025, 30,379 options had been forfeited. Pursuant to the Merger Agreement, no additional options shall be granted under the 2017 Option Plan.
Serina 2017 Equity Incentive Plan
Under the Serina 2017 Equity Incentive Plan, as amended (the “2017 Incentive Plan” and formerly the AgeX 2017 Equity Incentive Plan), the Company has reserved 241,683 shares of common stock for the grant of stock options or the sale of Restricted Stock or for the settlement of RSUs. As of September 30, 2025, there were 1,812 stock options granted and outstanding with an exercise price of $13.19 per share and expiration dates in January 2034. As of September 30, 2025, no stock options under the 2017 Equity Incentive Plan assumed pursuant to the Merger Agreement had been exercised and no additional options shall be granted.
Stock-based Compensation Expense
During the nine months ended September 30, 2025, the Company granted stock options to purchase 150,500 shares of common stock to certain employees, the Board and consultants under the 2024 Equity Incentive Plan and 2024 Inducement Equity Plan, with a weighted average grant date fair value of $4.19 per share. The Company also granted 5,000 RSUs under the 2024 Equity Incentive Plan with a weighed average grant date fair value of $5.75 per share during the nine months ended September 30, 2025. Total unrecognized compensation cost related to unvested stock option grants of $8.4 million as of September 30, 2025 is expected to be of 2.5 years.
Stock-based compensation expense has been allocated to operating expenses as follows (in thousands):
Three months ended September 30,Nine months ended September 30,
2025202420252024
Research and development$218 $210 $637 $343 
General and administrative781 886 2,208 1,264 
Total stock-based compensation expense$999 $1,096 $2,845 $1,607 
v3.25.3
Profit Sharing Plan
9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2025
Postemployment Benefits [Abstract]  
Profit Sharing Plan Profit Sharing Plan
Through its wholly owned subsidiary Legacy Serina, the Company has established a 401(k) profit sharing plan (the “PSP”) for all eligible employees of the Company. The PSP provides for eligible employee contributions subject to certain annual Internal Revenue Code limits. For participants who are age 50 or older during any calendar year, additional employee contributions are allowed under the PSP, subject to Internal Revenue Code limits.
Employer contributions, if any, may include matching contributions and profit sharing contributions, both of which are made on a discretionary basis and are subject to service and employment requirements. Employer matching contributions and employer profit sharing contributions vest based on a graded vesting schedule. The Company made no discretionary employer matching or employer profit sharing contributions for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024.
v3.25.3
Income Taxes
9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2025
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]  
Income Taxes Income Taxes
The provision for income taxes for interim periods is determined using an estimated annual effective tax rate in accordance with ASC 740-270, Income Taxes, Interim Reporting. The effective tax rate may be subject to fluctuations during the year as new information is obtained, which may affect the assumptions used to estimate the annual effective tax rate, including factors such as valuation allowances against deferred tax assets, the recognition or de-recognition of tax benefits related to uncertain tax positions, if any, and changes in or the interpretation of tax laws in jurisdictions where the Company conducts business.
Due to losses incurred for all periods presented, the Company did not record a provision or benefit for income taxes. A valuation allowance is provided when it is more likely than not that some portion of the deferred tax assets will not be realized. The Company established a full valuation allowance for all of its deferred tax assets for all periods presented due to the uncertainty of realizing future tax benefits from its net operating loss carryforwards and other deferred tax assets.
The Company reports income tax related interest and penalties within its provision for income tax in its condensed consolidated statements of operations. Similarly, the Company reports the reversal of income tax-related interest and penalties within its provision for income tax line item to the extent the Company resolves its liabilities for uncertain tax positions in a manner favorable to its accruals. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, the Company did not record unrecognized tax benefits.
During the quarter, the Company established a wholly owned foreign subsidiary in Australia. The tax impact of this entity is not material to the consolidated financial statements as of September, 30 2025, but will be monitored for future reporting periods.
Effective January 1, 2025, for tax purposes, the Company ceased capitalizing domestic research and development (R&D) expenditures in accordance with new regulatory guidance issued under the One Big Beautiful Bill Act (OBBBA). As a result, domestic R&D costs incurred during the quarter ended September 30, 2025 have been expensed as incurred.
v3.25.3
Commitments and Contingencies
9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2025
Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure [Abstract]  
Commitments and Contingencies Commitments and Contingencies
Facilities and Equipment Lease Agreements
The Company leases its lab and office facilities in Huntsville, Alabama for various terms under long-term, non-cancelable operating lease agreements. The leases expire on various dates from January 2028 through Oct 2028 and provide for renewal periods of two years. For the office lease, the Company has elected not to apply the recognition requirements
under ASC 842, as the lease cost, if recognized under ASC 842, would not be materially different from the straight-line basis over the lease term.
The Company also leases laboratory equipment under a long-term, non-cancelable operating lease which expired in September 2024 and was subsequently replaced by a month-to-month cancellable agreement.
The Company also leases two pieces of equipment for various terms under long-term, non-cancelable finance lease agreements. One of the two finance leases expired in September 2024, with ownership passing to the Company in accordance with the original term of the lease agreement. The remaining finance lease expired in February 2025.
Supplemental cash flow information related to leases is as follows (in thousands):
Nine months ended September 30,
20252024
Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities:  
Operating cash flows from operating leases$155 $166 
Operating cash flows from finance leases$— $
Financing cash flows from finance leases$— $34 
Supplemental balance sheet information related to leases was as follows (in thousands other than weighted average remaining lease term and discount rates):
September 30, 2025December 31, 2024
Operating lease  
Right-of-use assets$862 $862 
Accumulated Amortization(550)(401)
Right-of-use asset, net$312 $461 
  
Right-of-use lease liability, current$163 $192 
Right-of-use lease liability, noncurrent148 268 
Total operating lease liabilities$311 $460 
  
Finance leases  
Right-of-use assets$88 $163 
Accumulated Amortization(88)(77)
Right-of-use asset, net$— $86 
  
Right-of-use lease liability, current$— $
Right-of-use lease liability, noncurrent— — 
Total finance lease liabilities
$— $
  
Weighted average remaining lease term  
Operating lease2.00 years2.53 years
Finance leases— 0.16 years
  
Weighted average discount rate  
Operating lease6.67%6.67%
Finance leases6.67%6.67%
The following is a maturity analysis of the annual undiscounted cash flows of the operating lease liabilities as of September 30, 2025 (in thousands):
 Operating Leases
Three months ending December 31, 2025
$49 
Year ending December 31, 2026159 
Year ending December 31, 2027117 
Year ending December 31, 202810 
Total undiscounted lease payments335 
Less: imputed interest(24)
Total lease obligations311 
Less: current portion(163)
Long-term lease obligations$148 
Litigation – General
The Company is subject to various claims and contingencies in the ordinary course of its business, including those related to litigation, business transactions, employee-related matters, and others. When the Company is aware of a claim or
potential claim, it assesses the likelihood of any loss or exposure. If it is probable that a loss will result and the amount of the loss can be reasonably estimated, the Company will record a liability for the loss. If the loss is not probable or the amount of the loss cannot be reasonably estimated, the Company discloses the claim if the likelihood of a potential loss is reasonably possible and the amount involved could be material. The Company is not aware of any claims likely to have a material adverse effect on its financial condition or results of operations.
Tax Filings
The Company's tax filings are subject to audit by taxing authorities in jurisdictions where it conducts business. These audits may result in assessments of additional taxes that are subsequently resolved with the authorities or potentially through the courts. Management believes the Company has adequately provided for any ultimate amounts that are likely to result from these audits; however, final assessments, if any, could be significantly different than the amounts recorded in the condensed consolidated interim financial statements.
Employment Contracts
The Company has entered into employment contracts with certain executive officers. Under the provisions of the contracts, the Company may be required to incur severance obligations for matters relating to changes in control, as defined, and involuntary terminations.
Partnership with Enable
During May 2024, the Company entered into a partnership with Enable Injections, Inc. (“Enable”), a healthcare innovation company developing and manufacturing the enFuse® wearable drug delivery to develop and commercialize SER-252 (POZ-apomorphine) in combination with enFuse for the treatment of Parkinson’s disease. The Company will develop and commercialize SER-252 (POZ-apomorphine) in combination with enFuseTM for the treatment of Parkinson’s disease. The enFuseTM wearable technology from Enable is designed to overcome both IV infusion and other subcutaneous administration method shortcomings through fast, simple, and convenient delivery, benefiting patients, providers, as well as payers, with the ability for at home self-administration. The Company submitted an IND application to the FDA for a Phase 1 clinical trial in advanced Parkinson’s disease patients in 2025. See Note 5, Related Party Transactions, for a discussion of the impact of recent FDA communication on the clinical study. The Company paid $2.0 million in May 2024 for a technology access fee, which is included in prepaid expenses and other current assets prepaid and is being amortized through December 2025.
Indemnification
In the normal course of business, the Company may provide indemnifications of varying scope under the Company’s agreements with other companies or consultants, typically for the Company’s research and development programs. Pursuant to these agreements, the Company will generally agree to indemnify, hold harmless, and reimburse the indemnified parties for losses and expenses suffered or incurred by the indemnified parties arising from claims of third parties in connection with the Company’s research and development. Indemnification provisions could also cover third-party infringement claims with respect to patent rights, copyrights, or other intellectual property licensed from the Company to third parties. Office and laboratory leases will also generally indemnify the lessor with respect to certain matters that may arise during the term of the lease. The Registration Rights Agreement between Juvenescence and the Company includes indemnification provisions pursuant to which the parties will indemnify each other from certain liabilities in connection with the registration, offer, and sale of securities under a registration statement, including liabilities arising under the Securities Act. The Company has also agreed to provide the AST Indemnity and the ETC Indemnity pursuant to the Letter of Indemnification described in Note 5, Related Party Transactions. The term of these indemnification obligations will generally continue in effect after the termination or expiration of the particular license, lease, or agreement to which they relate. The potential future payments the Company could be required to make under these indemnification agreements will generally not be subject to any specified maximum amount. Historically, the Company has not been subject to any claims or demands for indemnification. The Company also maintains various liability insurance policies that limit the Company’s financial exposure and in the case of the AST Indemnity and the ETC Indemnity the Company has received a cross-indemnity from Juvenescence against all claims, damages, liabilities or losses arising out of the AST Indemnity and the ETC Indemnity. As a result, the Company believes the fair value of these indemnification agreements is minimal. Accordingly, the Company has not recorded any liabilities for these agreements to date.
v3.25.3
Net (Loss) Income Per Common Share
9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2025
Earnings Per Share [Abstract]  
Net (Loss) Income Per Common Share Net (Loss) Income Per Common Share
Net loss per common share is calculated in accordance with ASC 260, Earnings Per Share. Basic and diluted net loss per common share attributable to common stockholders is calculated for the periods presented (in thousands) as follows:
 Three months ended September 30,Nine months ended September 30,
 2025202420252024
Basic net loss per common share allocable to common stockholders
 
NUMERATOR
Net (loss) income$(4,595)$1,383 (15,879)(8,455)
Less: Net loss attributable to noncontrolling interest10 27 33 54 
Add: Cumulative undeclared Series A preferred stock dividends(101)— (217)— 
Net (loss) earnings available to common stockholders$(4,686)$1,410 $(16,063)$(8,401)
DENOMINATOR
Weighted-average shares of common stock outstanding used to calculate basic net (loss) earnings per common share10,3398,85110,0326,774
 
Basic net (loss) earnings per common share allocable to common stockholders$(0.45)$0.16 $(1.60)$(1.24)
 
Diluted net (loss) earnings per common share allocable to common stockholders
 
NUMERATOR
Net (loss) earnings attributable to common stockholders$(4,686)$1,410 $(16,063)$(8,401)
DENOMINATOR
Weighted-average shares of common stock outstanding used to calculate basic net loss per common share10,3398,85110,0326,774
Add: dilutive effect of stock options1,900
Weighted-average shares of common stock outstanding used to calculate diluted net loss per common share10,33910,75110,0326,774
Diluted net (loss) earnings per common share attributable to common stockholders$(0.45)$0.13 $(1.60)$(1.24)
For three months ended September 30, 2025, and nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, the Company had a net (loss) earnings and most outstanding stock options and warrants were excluded from the calculation of diluted net (loss) earnings per share as their inclusion would have been anti-dilutive. See the following table for all the potential dilutive instruments that were excluded from the calculation of diluted net (loss) earnings per share (in thousands);
Three months ended September 30,Nine months ended September 30,
2025202420252024
Series A preferred stock1,0031003
Stock options3,1428373,1423,216
Warrants3,0083,2263,0083,226
Total anti-dilutive securities7,1534,0637,1536,442
v3.25.3
Segment Reporting
9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2025
Segment Reporting [Abstract]  
Segment Reporting Segment Reporting
The Company has one reportable segment relating to the research and development of its POZ platform. The segment derived its revenues from Grant revenue.

The Company’s CODM, its Chief Executive Officer and the senior executive leadership team manage the Company’s operations on an integrated basis for the purposes of allocating resources. When evaluating the Company’s financial performance, the CODM regularly reviews total revenues and expenses by specific categories to make informed decisions.

The table below is a summary of the segment revenues and significant segment expenses (in thousands):
Three Months Ended September 30,Nine months ended September 30,
2025202420252024
Revenue$— $14 $130 $70 
Less:
Research and development
Project specific (1)
1,653 788 4,367 1,116 
Non-Project specific (2)
120 378 487 1,267 
Compensation (3)
1,740 1,020 4,490 2,311 
Infrastructure management and facilities121 167 348 265 
Depreciation17 62 62 156 
General and administrative
Professional and outside service fees (4)
1,097 857 3,198 3,121 
Compensation (3)
1,545 2,032 4,725 3,162 
Infrastructure management and facilities99 22 268 163 
Merger and integration related— — — 
Total operating expenses6,392 5,326 17,945 11,569 
Loss from operations$(6,392)$(5,312)$(17,815)$(11,499)
(1) Research and development project specific expenses largely consists of costs incurred to develop the Company's lead product candidate, SER 252 (POZ-apomorphine) as well as expenses incurred to develop other small molecules, RNA-based therapeutics and antibody-based drug conjugates ("ADCs").
(2) Research and development non-project specific expenses mainly consists of laboratory expenses and fees paid to outside services.
(3) Compensation includes employee salary and fringe benefits, stock-based compensation and compensation to independent contractors.
(4) General and administrative professional and outside service fees include legal, accounting and audit, board, insurance, and SEC filing fees.
v3.25.3
Insider Trading Arrangements
3 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2025
Trading Arrangements, by Individual  
Rule 10b5-1 Arrangement Adopted false
Non-Rule 10b5-1 Arrangement Adopted false
Rule 10b5-1 Arrangement Terminated false
Non-Rule 10b5-1 Arrangement Terminated false
v3.25.3
Basis of Presentation and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Policies)
9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2025
Accounting Policies [Abstract]  
Principles of consolidation
Principles of consolidation
The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company, its wholly owned subsidiary, Serina Therapeutics Australia Pty Ltd, and its subsidiaries in which the Company has a controlling financial interest. The Company established Serina Therapeutics Australia Pty Ltd on July 2, 2025, for the purpose of conducting clinical research activities in Australia. For consolidated entities where the Company has less than 100% of ownership, the Company records net loss attributable to noncontrolling interest on the consolidated statement of operations equal to the percentage of the ownership interest retained in such entities by the respective noncontrolling parties. The noncontrolling interest is reflected as a separate element of stockholders’ equity on the Company’s consolidated balance sheets. Any material intercompany transactions and balances have been eliminated upon consolidation.
The Company assesses whether it is the primary beneficiary of a variable interest entity (“VIE”) at the inception of the arrangement and at each reporting date. This assessment is based on its power to direct the activities of the VIE that most significantly impact the VIE’s economic performance and the Company’s obligation to absorb losses or the right to receive benefits from the VIE that could potentially be significant to the VIE. If the entity is within the scope of the variable interest model and meets the definition of a VIE, the Company considers whether it must consolidate the VIE or provide additional disclosures regarding its involvement with the VIE. If the Company determines that it is the primary beneficiary of the VIE, the Company will consolidate the VIE. This analysis is performed at the initial investment in the entity or upon any reconsideration event. For entities the Company holds as an equity investment that are not consolidated under the VIE model, the Company will consider whether its investment constitutes a controlling financial interest in the entity and therefore should be considered for consolidation under the voting interest model.
Prior to the Merger, the Company had three subsidiaries: Legacy Serina and UniverXome, which were wholly owned subsidiaries, and NeuroAirmid Inc., a Delaware corporation ("NeuroAirmid"). Following the Merger, the Company is primarily focused on developing Legacy Serina's product candidates.
NeuroAirmid is jointly owned by the Company and certain researchers from the University of California and was organized to pursue certain cell therapies, focusing initially on Huntington’s Disease. The Company owns 47.5% of the outstanding capital stock of NeuroAirmid. The Company consolidates NeuroAirmid despite not having majority ownership interest as it has the ability to influence decision making and financial results through contractual rights and obligations as per Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 810, Consolidation. On March 27, 2024, the Board of Directors of the Company formed a special committee for the purpose of exploring strategic alternatives for the business, assets and/or stock of NeuroAirmid and UniverXome including its subsidiaries Reverse Bio, Inc., a Delaware corporation ("Reverse Bio") and ReCyte, Inc., a California corporation ("ReCyte").
Pursuant to a stock purchase agreement with Juvenescence, dated December 23, 2024, the Company sold all outstanding shares of UniverXome for a nominal cash payment and deconsolidated UniverXome. See Note 5, Related Party Transactions for details.
Financial statement reclassification
Financial statement reclassification
Certain account balances from prior periods have been reclassified in these condensed consolidated financial statements to conform to current period classifications. Interest income and expenses, previously presented net on the condensed consolidated statement of operations, is now presented separately. The non-cash interest expense on convertible promissory note, previously combined with accrued expenses in the operating activities section of the condensed consolidated statement of cash flows, is now presented separately within operating activities. These reclassifications had no effect on the reported results of operations or financial position.
Use of estimates
Use of estimates
The preparation of consolidated financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect (i) the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the consolidated financial statements, and (ii) the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period, in each case with consideration given to materiality. Significant estimates and assumptions which are subject to significant judgment include those related to assumptions used to value stock-based awards and liability classified warrants. Actual results could differ materially from those estimates. To the extent there are material differences between the estimates and actual results, the Company’s future results of operations will be affected.
Foreign currency translation and transactions
Foreign currency translation and transactions
The Company’s reporting currency is the U.S. dollar. The functional currency of the Company’s subsidiary located in Australia is the Australian Dollar. Balance sheets prepared in the functional currencies are translated to the reporting currency at exchange rates in effect at the end of the accounting period, except for stockholders’ equity accounts, which are translated at rates in effect when these balances were originally recorded. Revenue and expense accounts are translated using a weighted-average rate during the year. The resulting foreign currency translation adjustments are recorded as a separate component of accumulated other comprehensive loss in the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheets. Gains and losses resulting from exchange rate changes on transactions denominated in a currency other than the functional currency are included in earnings as incurred.
Contingent warrants
Contingent warrants
Warrants issued in connection with future tranches of debt are initially recorded as Financial Commitment Assets ("FCAs") on the consolidated balance sheet at their fair value upon issuance. The FCAs remain as assets until the related debt tranches are drawn. Upon drawdown, the FCAs are reclassified as a debt discount, reducing the carrying value of the related debt tranche, and are subsequently amortized to interest expense over the term of the respective debt tranche.
The warrants are evaluated to determine their appropriate classification as equity or liability instruments. If the number of shares underlying the warrants is not fixed and varies based on the amount borrowed, the warrants are liability classified and will be remeasured to fair value each reporting period with a charge or credit to the condensed consolidated statement of operations and comprehensive loss.
Concentration of credit risk and other risks and uncertainties
Concentration of credit risk and other risks and uncertainties
Financial instruments that potentially subject the Company to concentrations of risk consist principally of cash equivalents. The Company maintains its cash deposits in Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (“FDIC”) insured financial institutions and may at times hold investments at Securities Investor Protection Corporation (“SIPC”) insured broker-dealers.
At times, the balances in these accounts may be in excess of FDIC and SIPC insured limits. At September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, cash and cash equivalents deposits in excess of FDIC limits were both nominal, and investments and deposits in excess of SIPC limits were $8.1 million and $2.9 million, respectively.
Product candidates developed by the Company and its subsidiaries will require approvals or clearances from the United States Food and Drug Administration (“FDA”) or foreign regulatory agencies prior to commercial sales. There can be no assurance that any of the product candidates being developed or planned to be developed by the Company or its subsidiaries will receive any of the required approvals or clearances. If regulatory approval or clearance were to be denied or any such approval or clearance were to be delayed, it would have a material adverse impact on the Company.
Segment reporting
Segment reporting
Operating segments are identified as components of an enterprise about which separate discrete financial information is available for evaluation by the chief operating decision maker, the Chief Executive Officer, in making decisions regarding resource allocation and assessing performance. The Company views its operations and manages its business as one operating segment.
Recently adopted accounting pronouncements
Recently adopted accounting pronouncements
In November 2023, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued ASU 2023-07, Segment Reporting (Topic 280): Improvements to Reportable Segment Disclosures, which expands annual and interim disclosure requirements for reportable segments, primarily through enhanced disclosures about significant segment expenses. This ASU is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2023, and interim periods within fiscal periods beginning after December 15, 2024, and requires retrospective application to all prior periods presented in the financial statements. The Company adopted interim requirements on January 1, 2025. There was no impact on the Company’s reportable segments identified and additional required disclosures have been included in Note 13.
In December 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-09, Income Taxes (Topic 740): Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures, under which entities must consistently categorize and provide greater disaggregation of information in the rate reconciliation. They must also further disaggregate income taxes paid. ASU 2023-09 enhances annual income tax disclosures to address investor requests for more information about the tax risks and opportunities present in an entity’s worldwide operations. The Company adopted this standard as of January 1, 2025, and it did not have a material impact on the condensed consolidated financial statements.
In March 2024, the FASB issued ASU 2024-02, Codification Improvements—Amendments to Remove References to the Concepts Statements. ASU 2024-02 removes various references to the FASB’s Concepts Statements from the FASB’s Accounting Standards Codification (Codification or GAAP). The Concepts Statements are non-authoritative guidance issued by the FASB that provide the objectives, qualitative characteristics and other concepts that govern the development of accounting principles by the FASB. The ASU indicates that the goal of the amendments is to simplify the Codification and distinguish between nonauthoritative and authoritative guidance (since, unlike the Codification, the concepts
statements are nonauthoritative). The Company adopted this standard on January 1, 2025, and it did not have a material impact on the condensed consolidated financial statements.
Recently issued accounting pronouncements not yet adopted
Recently issued accounting pronouncements not yet adopted
In November 2024, the FASB issued ASU 2024-03, Income Statement-Reporting Comprehensive Income-Expense Disaggregation Disclosures (Subtopic 220-40): Disaggregation of Income Statement Expenses to improve disclosures by providing more detailed information about the types of expenses in commonly presented expense captions. The guidance is effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2026, and interim periods within fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2027, with early adoption permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the effect this standard will have on its consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.
In September 2025, the FASB issued ASU 2025-07, Derivatives and Hedging (Topic 815) and Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606): Derivatives Scope Refinements and Scope Clarification for Share-Based Noncash Consideration from a Customer in a Revenue Contract. The ASU adds a scope exception for certain non-exchange traded contracts whose underlyings are based on operations or activities specific to one party and not based on market rates or prices, indexes, or the price or performance of a financial asset or liability of either party. It also clarifies that share-based noncash consideration from a customer in a revenue contract is within the scope of Topic 606 until the entity’s right to receive or retain such consideration becomes unconditional under that Topic. The guidance is effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2026, and interim reporting periods within those fiscal years, with early adoption permitted on either a prospective or modified retrospective basis. The Company is currently evaluating the effect this standard will have on its consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.
v3.25.3
Recapitalization (Tables)
9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2025
Reverse Recapitalization [Abstract]  
Schedule of Reverse Recapitalization
Total AgeX shares outstanding prior to Merger2,500,612 
Shares issued to Legacy Serina stockholders5,913,277 
Total shares outstanding8,413,889 
As part of the recapitalization, the Company obtained the assets and liabilities listed below (in thousands):
Cash and cash equivalents$337 
Other current assets174 
Intangible assets576 
Accounts payable and accrued expenses(2,830)
Loan payable to Juvenescence(8,017)
Net liabilities acquired(9,760)
Conversion of AgeX-Serina Note
10,721 
Total$961 
v3.25.3
Selected Balance Sheet Components (Tables)
9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2025
Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements [Abstract]  
Schedule of Prepaid Expenses and Other Current Assets
Prepaid expenses and other current assets were as follows (in thousands):
 September 30, 2025December 31, 2024
Financial commitment asset$1,721 $— 
Prepaid technology access fee340 1,333 
Prepaid insurance349 192 
Other prepaid expenses297 402 
Other current assets170 77 
Total prepaid expenses and other current assets$2,877 $2,004 
Schedule of Property and Equipment, Net
Property and equipment, net was as follows (in thousands):
September 30, 2025December 31, 2024
Equipment$1,094 $966 
Software136 136 
Total property and equipment, gross
1,230 1,102 
Less: accumulated depreciation and amortization
(650)(601)
Total property and equipment, net$580 $501 
Schedule of Accrued Liabilities
Accrued liabilities were comprised of the following (in thousands):
September 30, 2025December 31, 2024
Research program and services$371 $329 
Accrued compensation620 559 
Accrued severance— 304 
Other accrued expenses153 237 
Total accrued expenses$1,144 $1,429 
v3.25.3
Fair Value Measurements (Tables)
9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2025
Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract]  
Schedule of Reconciliation of Warrant Liabilities
The following is a reconciliation of the beginning and ending balances of warrant liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis using significant unobservable inputs (Level 3) during the nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024 (in thousands):
Merger
Warrants
Contingent Warrants
Balance as of December 31, 2024$3,582 $— 
Fair value at inception
— 3,747 
Change in fair value(976)(100)
Expiration
(724)— 
Reclassification to equity
— (1,971)
Balance as of September 30, 2025$1,882 $1,676 
  
Balance as of December 31, 2023$— $— 
Fair value at inception18,501 — 
Exercise
(1,372)— 
Change in fair value(10,385)— 
Balance as of September 30, 2024$6,744 $— 
Schedule of Estimates the Fair Value of Warrants
The Company estimates the fair value of warrants using the Black-Scholes-Merton option pricing model with the following assumptions at the reporting date:
As of September 30,
20252024
Expected volatility
97.4% - 97.5%
99.2% - 123.6%
Expected term (in years)
1.0 - 2.5
0.8 - 3.5
Risk-free interest rate
3.6% - 3.7%
3.6% - 4.5%
Expected dividend yield0.00%0.00%
v3.25.3
Stock-Based Awards (Tables)
9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2025
Share-Based Payment Arrangement [Abstract]  
Schedule of Stock Based Compensation Expense
Stock-based compensation expense has been allocated to operating expenses as follows (in thousands):
Three months ended September 30,Nine months ended September 30,
2025202420252024
Research and development$218 $210 $637 $343 
General and administrative781 886 2,208 1,264 
Total stock-based compensation expense$999 $1,096 $2,845 $1,607 
v3.25.3
Commitments and Contingencies (Tables)
9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2025
Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure [Abstract]  
Schedule of Cash Flow Supplemental Disclosures Operating and Financing Leases Supplemental cash flow information related to leases is as follows (in thousands):
Nine months ended September 30,
20252024
Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities:  
Operating cash flows from operating leases$155 $166 
Operating cash flows from finance leases$— $
Financing cash flows from finance leases$— $34 
Schedule of Supplemental Balance Sheet Information Related to Operating and Financing Leases
Supplemental balance sheet information related to leases was as follows (in thousands other than weighted average remaining lease term and discount rates):
September 30, 2025December 31, 2024
Operating lease  
Right-of-use assets$862 $862 
Accumulated Amortization(550)(401)
Right-of-use asset, net$312 $461 
  
Right-of-use lease liability, current$163 $192 
Right-of-use lease liability, noncurrent148 268 
Total operating lease liabilities$311 $460 
  
Finance leases  
Right-of-use assets$88 $163 
Accumulated Amortization(88)(77)
Right-of-use asset, net$— $86 
  
Right-of-use lease liability, current$— $
Right-of-use lease liability, noncurrent— — 
Total finance lease liabilities
$— $
  
Weighted average remaining lease term  
Operating lease2.00 years2.53 years
Finance leases— 0.16 years
  
Weighted average discount rate  
Operating lease6.67%6.67%
Finance leases6.67%6.67%
Schedule of Lessee, Operating Lease, Liability, to be Paid, Maturity
The following is a maturity analysis of the annual undiscounted cash flows of the operating lease liabilities as of September 30, 2025 (in thousands):
 Operating Leases
Three months ending December 31, 2025
$49 
Year ending December 31, 2026159 
Year ending December 31, 2027117 
Year ending December 31, 202810 
Total undiscounted lease payments335 
Less: imputed interest(24)
Total lease obligations311 
Less: current portion(163)
Long-term lease obligations$148 
v3.25.3
Net (Loss) Income Per Common Share (Tables)
9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2025
Earnings Per Share [Abstract]  
Schedule of Basic and Diluted Net Loss Per Common Share Attributable to Common Shareholders
Net loss per common share is calculated in accordance with ASC 260, Earnings Per Share. Basic and diluted net loss per common share attributable to common stockholders is calculated for the periods presented (in thousands) as follows:
 Three months ended September 30,Nine months ended September 30,
 2025202420252024
Basic net loss per common share allocable to common stockholders
 
NUMERATOR
Net (loss) income$(4,595)$1,383 (15,879)(8,455)
Less: Net loss attributable to noncontrolling interest10 27 33 54 
Add: Cumulative undeclared Series A preferred stock dividends(101)— (217)— 
Net (loss) earnings available to common stockholders$(4,686)$1,410 $(16,063)$(8,401)
DENOMINATOR
Weighted-average shares of common stock outstanding used to calculate basic net (loss) earnings per common share10,3398,85110,0326,774
 
Basic net (loss) earnings per common share allocable to common stockholders$(0.45)$0.16 $(1.60)$(1.24)
 
Diluted net (loss) earnings per common share allocable to common stockholders
 
NUMERATOR
Net (loss) earnings attributable to common stockholders$(4,686)$1,410 $(16,063)$(8,401)
DENOMINATOR
Weighted-average shares of common stock outstanding used to calculate basic net loss per common share10,3398,85110,0326,774
Add: dilutive effect of stock options1,900
Weighted-average shares of common stock outstanding used to calculate diluted net loss per common share10,33910,75110,0326,774
Diluted net (loss) earnings per common share attributable to common stockholders$(0.45)$0.13 $(1.60)$(1.24)
Schedule of Potentially Dilutive Common Shares
For three months ended September 30, 2025, and nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, the Company had a net (loss) earnings and most outstanding stock options and warrants were excluded from the calculation of diluted net (loss) earnings per share as their inclusion would have been anti-dilutive. See the following table for all the potential dilutive instruments that were excluded from the calculation of diluted net (loss) earnings per share (in thousands);
Three months ended September 30,Nine months ended September 30,
2025202420252024
Series A preferred stock1,0031003
Stock options3,1428373,1423,216
Warrants3,0083,2263,0083,226
Total anti-dilutive securities7,1534,0637,1536,442
v3.25.3
Segment Reporting (Tables)
9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2025
Segment Reporting [Abstract]  
Schedule of Segment Reporting Information, by Segment
The table below is a summary of the segment revenues and significant segment expenses (in thousands):
Three Months Ended September 30,Nine months ended September 30,
2025202420252024
Revenue$— $14 $130 $70 
Less:
Research and development
Project specific (1)
1,653 788 4,367 1,116 
Non-Project specific (2)
120 378 487 1,267 
Compensation (3)
1,740 1,020 4,490 2,311 
Infrastructure management and facilities121 167 348 265 
Depreciation17 62 62 156 
General and administrative
Professional and outside service fees (4)
1,097 857 3,198 3,121 
Compensation (3)
1,545 2,032 4,725 3,162 
Infrastructure management and facilities99 22 268 163 
Merger and integration related— — — 
Total operating expenses6,392 5,326 17,945 11,569 
Loss from operations$(6,392)$(5,312)$(17,815)$(11,499)
(1) Research and development project specific expenses largely consists of costs incurred to develop the Company's lead product candidate, SER 252 (POZ-apomorphine) as well as expenses incurred to develop other small molecules, RNA-based therapeutics and antibody-based drug conjugates ("ADCs").
(2) Research and development non-project specific expenses mainly consists of laboratory expenses and fees paid to outside services.
(3) Compensation includes employee salary and fringe benefits, stock-based compensation and compensation to independent contractors.
(4) General and administrative professional and outside service fees include legal, accounting and audit, board, insurance, and SEC filing fees.
v3.25.3
Organization, Business Overview and Liquidity (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Thousands
3 Months Ended 9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2025
Sep. 30, 2024
Sep. 30, 2025
Sep. 30, 2024
Dec. 31, 2024
Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements [Abstract]          
Net loss $ (4,585) $ 1,410 $ (15,846) $ (8,401)  
Net cash used in operating activities     (11,922) $ (12,548)  
Cash and cash equivalents $ 8,620   $ 8,620   $ 3,672
v3.25.3
Basis of Presentation and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Details)
$ in Millions
9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2025
USD ($)
subsidiary
segment
Dec. 31, 2024
USD ($)
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]    
Number of subsidiaries | subsidiary 3  
Cash, uninsured amount $ 0.0 $ 0.0
Cash, SIPC insured amount $ 8.1 $ 2.9
Number of operating segments | segment 1  
NeuroAirmid Therapeutics Inc    
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]    
Equity method investment, ownership percentage 47.50%  
v3.25.3
Recapitalization - Narrative (Details)
$ in Millions
Mar. 26, 2024
shares
Mar. 31, 2023
USD ($)
Mar. 15, 2023
USD ($)
Recapitalization [Line Items]      
Recapitalization exchange ratio 0.97682654    
Merger and issuance of common stock (in shares) | shares 5,913,277    
Convertible Promissory Note      
Recapitalization [Line Items]      
Debt, face amount | $   $ 10.0 $ 10.0
v3.25.3
Recapitalization - Effective Time of the Merger (Details) - shares
Mar. 26, 2024
Sep. 30, 2025
Dec. 31, 2024
Recapitalization [Line Items]      
Common stock, outstanding (in shares) 8,413,889 10,543,000 9,422,000
AgeX      
Recapitalization [Line Items]      
Common stock, outstanding (in shares) 2,500,612    
Serina Therapeutics Inc      
Recapitalization [Line Items]      
Issuance of stock (in shares) 5,913,277    
v3.25.3
Recapitalization - Recapitalization of Company Obtained Assets and Liabilities (Details)
$ in Thousands
Mar. 26, 2024
USD ($)
Reverse Recapitalization [Abstract]  
Cash and cash equivalents $ 337
Other current assets 174
Intangible assets 576
Accounts payable and accrued expenses (2,830)
Loan payable to Juvenescence (8,017)
Net liabilities acquired (9,760)
Conversion of AgeX-Serina Note 10,721
Total $ 961
v3.25.3
Selected Balance Sheet Components - Schedule of Prepaid Expenses and Other Current Assets (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Thousands
Sep. 30, 2025
Dec. 31, 2024
Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements [Abstract]    
Financial commitment asset $ 1,721 $ 0
Prepaid technology access fee 340 1,333
Prepaid insurance 349 192
Other prepaid expenses 297 402
Other current assets 170 77
Total prepaid expenses and other current assets $ 2,877 $ 2,004
v3.25.3
Selected Balance Sheet Components - Schedule of Property and Equipment (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Thousands
Sep. 30, 2025
Dec. 31, 2024
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]    
Total property and equipment, gross $ 1,230 $ 1,102
Less: accumulated depreciation and amortization (650) (601)
Total property and equipment, net 580 501
Equipment    
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]    
Total property and equipment, gross 1,094 966
Software    
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]    
Total property and equipment, gross $ 136 $ 136
v3.25.3
Selected Balance Sheet Components - Narrative (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Millions
3 Months Ended 9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2025
Sep. 30, 2024
Sep. 30, 2025
Sep. 30, 2024
Short-Term Debt [Line Items]        
Depreciation (not material) $ 0.0 $ 0.0 $ 0.0 $ 0.0
Insurance premium financing        
Short-Term Debt [Line Items]        
Debt, face amount $ 0.5   $ 0.5  
Debt, interest rate 7.31%   7.31%  
Debt term     9 months  
Debt, remaining unpaid balance $ 0.2   $ 0.2  
v3.25.3
Selected Balance Sheet Components - Schedule of Accrued Liabilities (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Thousands
Sep. 30, 2025
Dec. 31, 2024
Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements [Abstract]    
Research program and services $ 371 $ 329
Accrued compensation 620 559
Accrued severance 0 304
Other accrued expenses 153 237
Total accrued expenses $ 1,144 $ 1,429
v3.25.3
Related Party Transactions (Details)
$ / shares in Units, $ in Thousands
1 Months Ended 9 Months Ended 12 Months Ended
Sep. 09, 2025
USD ($)
tranche
$ / shares
shares
Apr. 08, 2025
USD ($)
$ / shares
shares
Sep. 30, 2025
USD ($)
$ / shares
shares
Sep. 30, 2025
USD ($)
$ / shares
shares
Dec. 31, 2024
USD ($)
$ / shares
Dec. 23, 2024
USD ($)
Mar. 26, 2024
USD ($)
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]              
Sale to juvenescence, capital contribution recorded         $ 10,900    
Preferred stock, par value (in usd per share) | $ / shares     $ 0.0001 $ 0.0001 $ 0.0001    
Financial commitment asset     $ 1,721 $ 1,721 $ 0    
Series A preferred stock              
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]              
Preferred stock, par value (in usd per share) | $ / shares   $ 0.0001          
Series A preferred stock | Private Placement              
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]              
Number of shares issued (in shares) | shares   965,250          
Sale of stock, price per share (in usd per share) | $ / shares   $ 5.18          
Proceeds from issuance of common stock under at-the-market sales agreement, net   $ 4,900          
Univer Xome              
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]              
Intangible assets           $ 500  
Secured debt assumed           $ 11,300  
Former AgeX Warrants              
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]              
Number of shares issuable for warrants (in shares) | shares     88,376 88,376      
Warrants expired (in shares) | shares       41,217      
Class of warrant or right, outstanding (in shares) | shares     88,376 88,376      
Contigent Warrants              
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]              
Number of shares issuable for warrants (in shares) | shares     965,251 965,251      
Merger Agreement | 2022 Warrants              
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]              
Warrant, exercise price, decrease (in dollars per share) | $ / shares       $ 20.75      
Warrant, exercise price, increase (in dollars per share) | $ / shares       $ 25.01      
Merger Agreement | Juvenescence              
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]              
Number of shares issuable for warrants (in shares) | shares     129,593 129,593      
Convertible Notes              
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]              
Convertible notes             $ 10,400
2025 Convertible Note              
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]              
Debt, face amount $ 20,000            
Number of milestone | tranche 5            
Debt, interest rate 10.00%            
Debt, event of default, additional interest rate 2.00%            
Debt term 5 years            
Conversion price (in usd per share) | $ / shares $ 5.18            
Proceeds from issuance of debt     $ 5,000        
Debt instrument, unamortized discount     100 $ 100      
Debt, net carrying value     $ 2,900 $ 2,900      
2025 Convertible Note | Contigent Warrants              
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]              
Number of shares issuable for warrants (in shares) | shares 3,861,004            
Warrants, issuable on each funding daste, percentage of issuable shares upon debt conversion 100.00%   100.00% 100.00%      
Financial commitment asset $ 3,700            
Reclassification of FCA to debt discount     $ 2,000        
2025 Convertible Note, Tranche One              
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]              
Debt, face amount 5,000            
2025 Convertible Note, Tranche Two              
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]              
Debt, face amount 2,500            
2025 Convertible Note, Tranche Three              
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]              
Debt, face amount 2,500            
2025 Convertible Note, Tranche Four              
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]              
Debt, face amount 5,000            
2025 Convertible Note, Tranche Five              
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]              
Debt, face amount $ 5,000            
v3.25.3
Fair Value Measurements - Narrative (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Thousands
1 Months Ended 3 Months Ended 9 Months Ended
Mar. 15, 2023
Sep. 30, 2025
Jul. 31, 2025
Sep. 30, 2025
Sep. 30, 2024
Sep. 30, 2025
Sep. 30, 2024
Mar. 26, 2024
Mar. 31, 2023
Fair Value Measurement Inputs and Valuation Techniques [Line Items]                  
Change in fair value of warrant liabilities - (gain) loss     $ (700) $ (1,044) $ (6,669) $ (1,076) $ (10,385)    
Reclassification of warrant liability to equity       1,971          
Conversion of AgeX-Serina Note               $ 10,721  
Change in fair value, loss       $ 0 $ 7,000 $ 0 $ 7,000    
Contigent Warrants                  
Fair Value Measurement Inputs and Valuation Techniques [Line Items]                  
Reclassification of warrant liability to equity   $ 2,000              
Convertible Promissory Note                  
Fair Value Measurement Inputs and Valuation Techniques [Line Items]                  
Debt, face amount $ 10,000               $ 10,000
Changes in fair value, gain (loss) 7,800                
Juvenescence | Convertible Note Purchase Agreement                  
Fair Value Measurement Inputs and Valuation Techniques [Line Items]                  
Debt, face amount $ 10,000                
Debt, interest rate 7.00%                
v3.25.3
Fair Value Measurements - Schedule of Reconciliation of Warrant Liabilities (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Thousands
9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2025
Sep. 30, 2024
Merger Warrants    
Fair Value, Liabilities Measured on Recurring Basis, Unobservable Input Reconciliation, Calculation [Roll Forward]    
Beginning balance $ 3,582 $ 0
Fair value at inception 0 18,501
Change in fair value (976) (10,385)
Expiration (724)  
Reclassification to equity 0  
Exercise   (1,372)
Ending balance 1,882 6,744
Contigent Warrants    
Fair Value, Liabilities Measured on Recurring Basis, Unobservable Input Reconciliation, Calculation [Roll Forward]    
Beginning balance 0 0
Fair value at inception 3,747 0
Change in fair value (100) 0
Expiration 0  
Reclassification to equity (1,971)  
Exercise   0
Ending balance $ 1,676 $ 0
v3.25.3
Fair Value Measurements - Schedule of Estimates the Fair Value of Warrants (Details)
Sep. 30, 2025
Sep. 30, 2024
Minimum    
Fair Value Measurement Inputs and Valuation Techniques [Line Items]    
Expected term (in years) 1 year 9 months 18 days
Maximum    
Fair Value Measurement Inputs and Valuation Techniques [Line Items]    
Expected term (in years) 2 years 6 months 3 years 6 months
Expected volatility | Minimum    
Fair Value Measurement Inputs and Valuation Techniques [Line Items]    
Warrants and rights outstanding, measurement input 0.974 0.992
Expected volatility | Maximum    
Fair Value Measurement Inputs and Valuation Techniques [Line Items]    
Warrants and rights outstanding, measurement input 0.975 1.236
Risk-free interest rate | Minimum    
Fair Value Measurement Inputs and Valuation Techniques [Line Items]    
Warrants and rights outstanding, measurement input 0.036 0.036
Risk-free interest rate | Maximum    
Fair Value Measurement Inputs and Valuation Techniques [Line Items]    
Warrants and rights outstanding, measurement input 0.037 0.045
Expected dividend yield    
Fair Value Measurement Inputs and Valuation Techniques [Line Items]    
Warrants and rights outstanding, measurement input 0.0000 0.0000
v3.25.3
Stockholders’ Equity (Details)
$ / shares in Units, $ in Thousands
1 Months Ended 3 Months Ended 9 Months Ended 12 Months Ended
Jun. 30, 2025
Apr. 08, 2025
USD ($)
day
$ / shares
shares
Jan. 31, 2025
USD ($)
shares
Nov. 30, 2024
Nov. 27, 2024
USD ($)
shares
Nov. 26, 2024
USD ($)
tranche
$ / shares
shares
May 31, 2024
Mar. 26, 2024
Sep. 30, 2025
USD ($)
$ / shares
shares
Jul. 31, 2025
USD ($)
shares
Sep. 30, 2025
USD ($)
$ / shares
shares
Sep. 30, 2024
USD ($)
Sep. 30, 2025
USD ($)
$ / shares
shares
Sep. 30, 2024
USD ($)
Dec. 31, 2024
USD ($)
$ / shares
Sep. 09, 2025
$ / shares
shares
Apr. 25, 2025
USD ($)
Jun. 06, 2024
USD ($)
$ / shares
shares
Mar. 19, 2024
USD ($)
warrant
$ / shares
shares
Class of Stock [Line Items]                                      
Preferred stock, par value (in usd per share) | $ / shares                 $ 0.0001   $ 0.0001   $ 0.0001   $ 0.0001        
Preferred stock, liquidation preference | $                 $ 5,000   $ 5,000   $ 5,000   $ 0        
Class of warrant or right, number of securities called by each warrant or right (in shares)                                     1
Change in fair value of warrant liabilities - (gain) loss | $                   $ (700) (1,044) $ (6,669) $ (1,076) $ (10,385)          
Reclassification of warrant liability to equity | $                     $ 1,971                
Stock split conversion ratio               0.0284                      
Minimum                                      
Class of Stock [Line Items]                                      
Warrants and rights outstanding, term                 1 year   1 year 9 months 18 days 1 year 9 months 18 days          
Maximum                                      
Class of Stock [Line Items]                                      
Warrants and rights outstanding, term                 2 years 6 months   2 years 6 months 3 years 6 months 2 years 6 months 3 years 6 months          
Incentive Warrants                                      
Class of Stock [Line Items]                                      
Number of warrants | warrant                                     1
Class of warrant or right, number of securities called by each warrant or right (in shares)                                     1
Class of warrant or right, exercise price of warrants or rights (in usd per share) | $ / shares           $ 18.00                         $ 18.00
Warrants and rights outstanding, term                                     4 years
Warrants issued (in shares)                         65            
Number of shares issuable for warrants (in shares)                 65   65   65            
Class of warrant or right, outstanding (in shares)                 377,865   377,865   377,865            
Incentive Warrants | Juvenescence                                      
Class of Stock [Line Items]                                      
Number of shares issuable for warrants (in shares)                 377,865   377,865   377,865            
Post Merger Warrants                                      
Class of Stock [Line Items]                                      
Number of warrants | warrant                                     3
Class of warrant or right, number of securities called by each warrant or right (in shares)                                     5
Number of units, exercisable for warrant | warrant                                     1
Class of warrant or right, exercise price of warrants or rights (in usd per share) | $ / shares                                   $ 13.20  
Warrants exercised (in shares)                         65            
Stock issued for warrant exercise (in shares)                         65            
Number of shares issuable for warrants (in shares)           755,728                       377,865 1,133,593
Warrants expired (in shares)                   366,626                  
Class of warrant or right, outstanding (in shares)                 0   0   0            
Warrant liability, non-current | $                                   $ 5,000  
Merger Warrants                                      
Class of Stock [Line Items]                                      
Other additional capital | $                                     $ 15,000
Stockholders' equity, additional capital, percentage 33.33%     33.33%     33.33%                        
Derecognition of incentive warrants | $                             1,800        
Initial recognition of fair value of replacement incentive warrants | $                             $ 1,400        
Replacement Incentive Warrants                                      
Class of Stock [Line Items]                                      
Class of warrant or right, outstanding (in shares)                 755,728   755,728   755,728            
Contigent Warrants                                      
Class of Stock [Line Items]                                      
Class of warrant or right, exercise price of warrants or rights (in usd per share) | $ / shares                               $ 5.44      
Warrants and rights outstanding, term                               60 days      
Number of shares issuable for warrants (in shares)                 965,251   965,251   965,251            
Reclassification of warrant liability to equity | $                 $ 2,000                    
Contigent Warrants | 2025 Convertible Note                                      
Class of Stock [Line Items]                                      
Number of shares issuable for warrants (in shares)                               3,861,004      
Percentage of issuable shares upon debt conversion                 100.00%   100.00%   100.00%     100.00%      
Former AgeX Warrants                                      
Class of Stock [Line Items]                                      
Number of shares issuable for warrants (in shares)                 88,376   88,376   88,376            
Warrants expired (in shares)                         41,217            
Class of warrant or right, outstanding (in shares)                 88,376   88,376   88,376            
Former AgeX Warrants | Minimum                                      
Class of Stock [Line Items]                                      
Class of warrant or right, exercise price of warrants or rights (in usd per share) | $ / shares                 $ 20.75   $ 20.75   $ 20.75            
Former AgeX Warrants | Maximum                                      
Class of Stock [Line Items]                                      
Class of warrant or right, exercise price of warrants or rights (in usd per share) | $ / shares                 $ 24.27   $ 24.27   $ 24.27            
Juvenescence                                      
Class of Stock [Line Items]                                      
Number of shares issued (in shares)     500,000   500,000 1,000,000                          
Sale of stock, price per share (in usd per share) | $ / shares           $ 10.00                          
Proceeds from issuance of common stock under at-the-market sales agreement, net | $     $ 5,000   $ 5,000 $ 10,000                          
Number of tranches | tranche           2                          
At The Market Offering Program | Jones Trading Institutional Services LLC                                      
Class of Stock [Line Items]                                      
Number of shares issued (in shares)                         385,851            
Proceeds from issuance of common stock under at-the-market sales agreement, net | $                         $ 2,200            
Sale of stock, maximum aggregate offering price | $                                 $ 13,300    
Sale of stock, sales agent commission percentage                                 3.00%    
Series A preferred stock                                      
Class of Stock [Line Items]                                      
Preferred stock, par value (in usd per share) | $ / shares   $ 0.0001                                  
Preferred stock, dividend rate, percentage   8.00%                                  
Dividend shares accrued but not declared                 37,764   37,764   37,764            
Conversion price (in usd per share) | $ / shares   $ 5.18                                  
Number of common stock trades   2                                  
Conversion trigger, number of trading days | day   10                                  
Conversion trigger, minimum number of trading days | day   20                                  
Offering proceeds minimum | $   $ 20,000                                  
Series A preferred stock | Private Placement                                      
Class of Stock [Line Items]                                      
Number of shares issued (in shares)   965,250                                  
Sale of stock, price per share (in usd per share) | $ / shares   $ 5.18                                  
Proceeds from issuance of common stock under at-the-market sales agreement, net | $   $ 4,900                                  
v3.25.3
Stock-Based Awards - Narrative (Details) - USD ($)
$ / shares in Units, $ in Millions
9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2025
Aug. 15, 2024
Mar. 27, 2024
Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award [Line Items]      
Options granted (in shares) 150,500    
2024 Inducement Equity Plan      
Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award [Line Items]      
Number of shares available for grant (in shares) 927,500    
Options outstanding (in shares) 72,500    
2024 Inducement Equity Plan | Minimum      
Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award [Line Items]      
Options, outstanding, weighted average exercise price (in usd per share) $ 4.54    
2024 Inducement Equity Plan | Maximum      
Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award [Line Items]      
Options, outstanding, weighted average exercise price (in usd per share) $ 5.75    
2024 Equity Incentive Plan      
Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award [Line Items]      
Number of shares available for grant (in shares) 912,527    
Options outstanding (in shares) 1,757,473    
Options forfeited (in shares) 18,319    
Options expired (in shares) 0    
Issuance of common stock upon exercise of stock options (in shares) 0    
Options granted, weighted average grant date fair value (in usd per share) $ 4.19    
Cost not yet recognized, amount $ 8.4    
Weighted average remaining contractual term 2 years 6 months    
2024 Equity Incentive Plan | Minimum      
Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award [Line Items]      
Options, outstanding, weighted average exercise price (in usd per share) $ 4.60    
2024 Equity Incentive Plan | Maximum      
Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award [Line Items]      
Options, outstanding, weighted average exercise price (in usd per share) $ 14.87    
Serina 2017 Stock Option Plan      
Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award [Line Items]      
Options outstanding (in shares) 1,310,586    
Options, outstanding, weighted average exercise price (in usd per share) $ 0.06    
Issuance of common stock upon exercise of stock options (in shares) 180,207    
Cumulative options exercised (in shares) 375,139    
Cumulative options forfeited (in shares) 30,379    
Serina 2017 Equity Incentive Plan      
Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award [Line Items]      
Options outstanding (in shares) 1,812    
Options, outstanding, weighted average exercise price (in usd per share) $ 13.19    
Cumulative options exercised (in shares) 0    
Common stock, capital shares reserved for future issuance (in share) 241,683    
Restricted Stock Units (RSUs) | 2024 Inducement Equity Plan      
Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award [Line Items]      
Number of shares available for grant (in shares)   1,000,000  
Restricted Stock Units (RSUs) | 2024 Equity Incentive Plan      
Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award [Line Items]      
Number of shares available for grant (in shares)     2,675,000
Awards granted (in shares) 5,000    
Awards granted, weighted average grant date fair value (in usd per share) $ 5.75    
v3.25.3
Stock-Based Awards - Schedule of Stock Based Compensation Expense (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Thousands
3 Months Ended 9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2025
Sep. 30, 2024
Sep. 30, 2025
Sep. 30, 2024
Share-Based Payment Arrangement, Expensed and Capitalized, Amount [Line Items]        
Total stock-based compensation expense $ 999 $ 1,096 $ 2,845 $ 1,607
Research and development        
Share-Based Payment Arrangement, Expensed and Capitalized, Amount [Line Items]        
Total stock-based compensation expense 218 210 637 343
General and administrative        
Share-Based Payment Arrangement, Expensed and Capitalized, Amount [Line Items]        
Total stock-based compensation expense $ 781 $ 886 $ 2,208 $ 1,264
v3.25.3
Profit Sharing Plan (Details) - USD ($)
3 Months Ended 9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2025
Sep. 30, 2024
Sep. 30, 2025
Sep. 30, 2024
Postemployment Benefits [Abstract]        
Defined contribution plan, employer discretionary contribution amount $ 0 $ 0 $ 0 $ 0
v3.25.3
Commitments and Contingencies - Narrative (Details)
$ in Millions
1 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2024
lease
May 31, 2024
USD ($)
Sep. 30, 2025
lease
equipment
Other Commitments [Line Items]      
Lessee, operating lease, renewal term     2 years
Leased equipment, number of units | equipment     2
Finance leases expired during period 1    
Number of finance leases     2
Enable Arrangement      
Other Commitments [Line Items]      
Payments to acquire intangible assets | $   $ 2.0  
v3.25.3
Commitments and Contingencies - Schedule of Cash Flow Information Related to Leases (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Thousands
9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2025
Sep. 30, 2024
Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities:    
Operating cash flows from operating leases $ 155 $ 166
Operating cash flows from finance leases 0 2
Financing cash flows from finance leases $ 0 $ 34
v3.25.3
Commitments and Contingencies - Schedule of Supplemental Balance Sheet Information Related to Leases (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Thousands
Sep. 30, 2025
Dec. 31, 2024
Operating lease    
Right-of-use assets $ 862 $ 862
Accumulated Amortization (550) (401)
Right-of-use asset, net 312 461
Right-of-use lease liability, current 163 192
Right-of-use lease liability, noncurrent 148 268
Total operating lease liabilities 311 460
Finance leases    
Right-of-use assets 88 163
Accumulated Amortization (88) (77)
Right-of-use asset, net 0 86
Right-of-use lease liability, current 0 1
Right-of-use lease liability, noncurrent 0 0
Total finance lease liabilities $ 0 $ 1
Weighted average remaining lease term    
Operating lease 2 years 2 years 6 months 10 days
Finance leases   1 month 28 days
Weighted average discount rate    
Operating lease 6.67% 6.67%
Finance leases 6.67% 6.67%
v3.25.3
Commitments and Contingencies - Schedule of Annual Undiscounted Cash Flows of the Lease Liabilities (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Thousands
Sep. 30, 2025
Dec. 31, 2024
Operating Leases    
Three months ending December 31, 2025 $ 49  
Year ending December 31, 2026 159  
Year ending December 31, 2027 117  
Year ending December 31, 2028 10  
Total undiscounted lease payments 335  
Less: imputed interest (24)  
Total operating lease liabilities 311 $ 460
Less: current portion (163) (192)
Long-term lease obligations $ 148 $ 268
v3.25.3
Net (Loss) Income Per Common Share - Schedule of Basic and Diluted Net Loss Per Common Share Attributable to Common Shareholders (Details) - USD ($)
$ / shares in Units, shares in Thousands, $ in Thousands
3 Months Ended 9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2025
Jun. 30, 2025
Mar. 31, 2025
Sep. 30, 2024
Jun. 30, 2024
Mar. 31, 2024
Sep. 30, 2025
Sep. 30, 2024
NUMERATOR                
Net (loss) income $ (4,595) $ (6,462) $ (4,822) $ 1,383 $ 5,177 $ (15,015) $ (15,879) $ (8,455)
Less: Net loss attributable to noncontrolling interest 10     27     33 54
Add: Cumulative undeclared Series A preferred stock dividends (101)     0     (217) 0
Net (loss) earnings available to common stockholders $ (4,686)     $ 1,410     $ (16,063) $ (8,401)
DENOMINATOR                
Weighted-average shares of common stock outstanding used to calculate basic net (loss) earnings per common share ( in shares) 10,339     8,851     10,032 6,774
Basic net (loss) earnings per common share allocable to common stockholders (in usd per share) $ (0.45)     $ 0.16     $ (1.60) $ (1.24)
NUMERATOR                
Net (loss) earnings attributable to common stockholders $ (4,686)     $ 1,410     $ (16,063) $ (8,401)
DENOMINATOR                
Weighted-average shares of common stock outstanding used to calculate basic net (loss) earnings per common share ( in shares) 10,339     8,851     10,032 6,774
Add: dilutive effect of stock options (in shares) 0     1,900     0 0
Weighted-average shares of common stock outstanding used to calculate diluted net loss per common share ( in shares) 10,339     10,751     10,032 6,774
Diluted net (loss) earnings per common share attributable to common stockholders (in usd per share) $ (0.45)     $ 0.13     $ (1.60) $ (1.24)
v3.25.3
Net (Loss) Income Per Common Share - Schedule of Potentially Dilutive Common Shares (Details) - shares
shares in Thousands
3 Months Ended 9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2025
Sep. 30, 2024
Sep. 30, 2025
Sep. 30, 2024
Antidilutive Securities Excluded from Computation of Earnings Per Share [Line Items]        
Antidilutive securities (in shares) 7,153 4,063 7,153 6,442
Series A preferred stock        
Antidilutive Securities Excluded from Computation of Earnings Per Share [Line Items]        
Antidilutive securities (in shares) 1,003 0 1,003 0
Stock options        
Antidilutive Securities Excluded from Computation of Earnings Per Share [Line Items]        
Antidilutive securities (in shares) 3,142 837 3,142 3,216
Warrants        
Antidilutive Securities Excluded from Computation of Earnings Per Share [Line Items]        
Antidilutive securities (in shares) 3,008 3,226 3,008 3,226
v3.25.3
Segment Reporting (Details)
$ in Thousands
3 Months Ended 9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2025
USD ($)
Sep. 30, 2024
USD ($)
Sep. 30, 2025
USD ($)
segment
Sep. 30, 2024
USD ($)
Segment Reporting [Abstract]        
Number of reportable segments | segment     1  
Revenue, Major Customer [Line Items]        
Total revenues $ 0 $ 14 $ 130 $ 70
Research and development 3,651 2,415 9,754 5,115
Depreciation 0 0 0 0
General and administrative 2,741 2,911 8,191 6,454
Total operating expenses 6,392 5,326 17,945 11,569
Loss from operations (6,392) (5,312) (17,815) (11,499)
Reportable Segment        
Revenue, Major Customer [Line Items]        
Total revenues 0 14 130 70
Depreciation 17 62 62 156
Total operating expenses 6,392 5,326 17,945 11,569
Loss from operations (6,392) (5,312) (17,815) (11,499)
Reportable Segment | Project specific        
Revenue, Major Customer [Line Items]        
Research and development 1,653 788 4,367 1,116
Reportable Segment | Non-Project specific        
Revenue, Major Customer [Line Items]        
Research and development 120 378 487 1,267
Reportable Segment | Compensation        
Revenue, Major Customer [Line Items]        
Research and development 1,740 1,020 4,490 2,311
General and administrative 1,545 2,032 4,725 3,162
Reportable Segment | Infrastructure management and facilities        
Revenue, Major Customer [Line Items]        
Research and development 121 167 348 265
General and administrative 99 22 268 163
Reportable Segment | Professional and outside service fees        
Revenue, Major Customer [Line Items]        
General and administrative 1,097 857 3,198 3,121
Reportable Segment | Merger and integration related        
Revenue, Major Customer [Line Items]        
General and administrative $ 0 $ 0 $ 0 $ 8