Document and Entity Information - shares |
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Sep. 30, 2018 |
Nov. 01, 2018 |
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Document Information [Line Items] | ||
Document Type | 10-Q | |
Amendment Flag | false | |
Document Period End Date | Sep. 30, 2018 | |
Document Fiscal Year Focus | 2018 | |
Document Fiscal Period Focus | Q3 | |
Trading Symbol | PLNT | |
Entity Registrant Name | PLANET FITNESS, INC. | |
Entity Central Index Key | 0001637207 | |
Current Fiscal Year End Date | --12-31 | |
Entity Filer Category | Large Accelerated Filer | |
Class A Common Stock | ||
Document Information [Line Items] | ||
Entity Common Stock, Shares Outstanding | 88,169,242 | |
Class B Common Stock | ||
Document Information [Line Items] | ||
Entity Common Stock, Shares Outstanding | 9,463,730 |
Condensed consolidated balance sheets (Unaudited) (Parenthetical) - USD ($) $ in Thousands |
Sep. 30, 2018 |
Dec. 31, 2017 |
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Accounts receivable, allowance for bad debts | $ 74 | $ 32 |
Accumulated depreciation | $ 48,960 | $ 36,228 |
Class A Common Stock | ||
Common stock, par value (in dollars per share) | $ 0.0001 | $ 0.0001 |
Common stock, shares authorized | 300,000,000 | 300,000,000 |
Common stock, shares issued | 88,085,000 | 87,188,000 |
Common stock, shares outstanding | 88,085,000 | 87,188,000 |
Class B Common Stock | ||
Common stock, par value (in dollars per share) | $ 0.0001 | $ 0.0001 |
Common stock, shares authorized | 100,000,000 | 100,000,000 |
Common stock, shares issued | 9,544,000 | 11,193,000 |
Common stock, shares outstanding | 9,544,000 | 11,193,000 |
Condensed consolidated statements of operations (Unaudited) - USD ($) $ in Thousands |
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Sep. 30, 2018 |
Sep. 30, 2017 |
Sep. 30, 2018 |
Sep. 30, 2017 |
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Revenue: | ||||
Revenue | $ 136,656 | $ 97,496 | $ 398,538 | $ 295,914 |
Operating costs and expenses: | ||||
Cost of revenue | 36,871 | 25,819 | 100,114 | 78,395 |
Store operations | 18,751 | 15,551 | 55,154 | 45,339 |
Selling, general and administrative | 17,233 | 14,071 | 52,066 | 42,659 |
National advertising fund expense | 11,377 | 0 | 32,997 | 0 |
Depreciation and amortization | 8,863 | 8,137 | 25,947 | 23,982 |
Other (gain) loss | (12) | (36) | 958 | 280 |
Total operating costs and expenses | 93,083 | 63,542 | 267,236 | 190,655 |
Income from operations | 43,573 | 33,954 | 131,302 | 105,259 |
Other expense, net: | ||||
Interest income | 2,025 | 18 | 2,480 | 24 |
Interest expense | (17,909) | (8,938) | (35,725) | (26,735) |
Other income (expense) | (27) | 408 | (338) | 157 |
Total other expense, net | (15,911) | (8,512) | (33,583) | (26,554) |
Income before income taxes | 27,662 | 25,442 | 97,719 | 78,705 |
Provision for income taxes | 7,190 | 6,540 | 23,335 | 23,933 |
Net income | 20,472 | 18,902 | 74,384 | 54,772 |
Less net income attributable to non-controlling interests | 3,001 | 3,557 | 11,158 | 18,173 |
Net income attributable to Planet Fitness, Inc. | $ 17,471 | $ 15,345 | $ 63,226 | $ 36,599 |
Class A Common Stock | ||||
Net income per share of Class A common stock: | ||||
Basic (in dollars per share) | $ 0.20 | $ 0.18 | $ 0.72 | $ 0.48 |
Diluted (in dollars per share) | $ 0.20 | $ 0.18 | $ 0.72 | $ 0.48 |
Weighted-average shares of Class A common stock outstanding: | ||||
Basic (in shares) | 88,047,401 | 85,662,650 | 87,727,300 | 76,391,277 |
Diluted (in shares) | 88,457,804 | 85,734,456 | 88,064,051 | 76,434,819 |
Franchise | ||||
Revenue: | ||||
Revenue | $ 41,997 | $ 31,413 | $ 129,575 | $ 94,485 |
Commission income | ||||
Revenue: | ||||
Revenue | 1,448 | 4,149 | 5,012 | 15,668 |
National advertising fund revenue | ||||
Revenue: | ||||
Revenue | 11,377 | 0 | 32,997 | 0 |
Corporate-owned stores | ||||
Revenue: | ||||
Revenue | 35,406 | 28,560 | 102,365 | 83,886 |
Equipment | ||||
Revenue: | ||||
Revenue | $ 46,428 | $ 33,374 | $ 128,589 | $ 101,875 |
Condensed consolidated statements of comprehensive income (loss) (Unaudited) - USD ($) $ in Thousands |
3 Months Ended | 9 Months Ended | ||
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Sep. 30, 2017 |
Sep. 30, 2018 |
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Statement of Comprehensive Income [Abstract] | ||||
Net income including non-controlling interests | $ 20,472 | $ 18,902 | $ 74,384 | $ 54,772 |
Other comprehensive income (loss), net: | ||||
Unrealized gain on interest rate caps, net of tax | 606 | 374 | 989 | 730 |
Foreign currency translation adjustments | 40 | 20 | (23) | 25 |
Total other comprehensive income, net | 646 | 394 | 966 | 755 |
Total comprehensive income including non-controlling interests | 21,118 | 19,296 | 75,350 | 55,527 |
Less: total comprehensive income attributable to non-controlling interests | 3,007 | 3,631 | 11,221 | 18,384 |
Total comprehensive income attributable to Planet Fitness, Inc. | $ 18,111 | $ 15,665 | $ 64,129 | $ 37,143 |
Business Organization |
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Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements [Abstract] | |||||||||||||
Business Organization | Business Organization Planet Fitness, Inc. (the “Company”), through its subsidiaries, is a franchisor and operator of fitness centers, with more than 12.2 million members and 1,646 owned and franchised locations (referred to as stores) in 50 states, the District of Columbia, Puerto Rico, Canada, the Dominican Republic, Panama and Mexico as of September 30, 2018. The Company serves as the reporting entity for its various subsidiaries that operate three distinct lines of business:
The Company was formed as a Delaware corporation on March 16, 2015 for the purpose of facilitating an initial public offering (the “IPO”), which was completed on August 11, 2015 and related transactions in order to carry on the business of Pla-Fit Holdings, LLC and its subsidiaries (“Pla-Fit Holdings”). As of August 5, 2015, in connection with the recapitalization transactions that occurred prior to the IPO, the Company became the sole managing member and holder of 100% of the voting power of Pla-Fit Holdings. Pla-Fit Holdings owns 100% of Planet Intermediate, LLC, which has no operations but is the 100% owner of Planet Fitness Holdings, LLC, a franchisor and operator of fitness centers. With respect to the Company, Pla-Fit Holdings and Planet Intermediate, LLC, each entity owns nothing other than the respective entity below it in the corporate structure and each entity has no other material operations. Subsequent to the IPO and the related recapitalization transactions, the Company is a holding company whose principal asset is a controlling equity interest in Pla-Fit Holdings. As the sole managing member of Pla-Fit Holdings, the Company operates and controls all of the business and affairs of Pla-Fit Holdings, and through Pla-Fit Holdings, conducts its business. As a result, the Company consolidates Pla-Fit Holdings’ financial results and reports a non-controlling interest related to the portion of limited liability company units of Pla-Fit Holdings (“Holdings Units”) not owned by the Company. Unless otherwise specified, “the Company” refers to both Planet Fitness, Inc. and Pla-Fit Holdings throughout the remainder of these notes. As of September 30, 2018, Planet Fitness, Inc. held 100.0% of the voting interest and 90.2% of the economic interest of Pla-Fit Holdings and the holders of Holdings Units of Pla-Fit Holdings (the “Continuing LLC Owners”) held the remaining 9.8% economic interest in Pla-Fit Holdings. |
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies |
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Accounting Policies [Abstract] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies | Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (a) Basis of presentation and consolidation The accompanying unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (U.S. GAAP) for interim financial information and pursuant to the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”). Accordingly, these interim financial statements do not include all of the information and footnotes required by U.S. GAAP for complete financial statements. In the opinion of management, all adjustments (consisting of normal recurring adjustments) necessary for a fair presentation of the results of operations, financial position and cash flows for the periods presented have been reflected. All significant intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation. The condensed consolidated financial statements as of and for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017 are unaudited. The condensed consolidated balance sheet as of December 31, 2017 has been derived from the audited financial statements at that date but does not include all of the disclosures required by U.S. GAAP. These interim condensed consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2017 (the “Annual Report”) filed with the SEC on March 1, 2018. Operating results for the interim periods are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for the full year. As discussed in Note 1, as a result of the recapitalization transactions, Planet Fitness, Inc. consolidates Pla-Fit Holdings. The Company also consolidates entities in which it has a controlling financial interest, the usual condition of which is ownership of a majority voting interest. The Company also considers for consolidation certain interests where the controlling financial interest may be achieved through arrangements that do not involve voting interests. Such an entity, known as a variable interest entity (“VIE”), is required to be consolidated by its primary beneficiary. The primary beneficiary of a VIE is considered to possess the power to direct the activities of the VIE that most significantly impact its economic performance and has the obligation to absorb losses or the rights to receive benefits from the VIE that are significant to it. The principal entities in which the Company possesses a variable interest include franchise entities and certain other entities. The Company is not deemed to be the primary beneficiary for Planet Fitness franchise entities. Therefore, these entities are not consolidated. The results of the Company have been consolidated with Matthew Michael Realty LLC (“MMR”) and PF Melville LLC (“PF Melville”) based on the determination that the Company is the primary beneficiary with respect to these VIEs. These entities are real estate holding companies that derive a majority of their financial support from the Company through lease agreements for corporate stores. See Note 3 for further information related to the Company’s VIEs. (b) Use of estimates The preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes. Although these estimates are based on management’s knowledge of current events and actions it may undertake in the future, they may ultimately differ from actual results. Significant areas where estimates and judgments are relied upon by management in the preparation of the consolidated financial statements include revenue recognition, valuation of assets and liabilities in connection with acquisitions, valuation of equity-based compensation awards, the evaluation of the recoverability of goodwill and long-lived assets, including intangible assets, income taxes, including deferred tax assets and liabilities and reserves for unrecognized tax benefits, and the liability for the Company’s tax benefit arrangements. (c) Fair Value ASC 820, Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures, establishes a three-level valuation hierarchy for disclosure of fair value measurements. The valuation hierarchy is based upon the transparency of inputs to the valuation of an asset or liability as of the measurement date. Categorization within the valuation hierarchy is based upon the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement. The three levels are defined as follows: Level 1—Inputs to the valuation methodology are quoted prices (unadjusted) for identical assets or liabilities in active markets. Level 2—Inputs to the valuation methodology include quoted prices for similar assets and liabilities in active markets, and inputs that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly or indirectly, for substantially the full term of the financial instrument. Level 3—Inputs to the valuation methodology are unobservable and significant to the fair value measurement. The table below presents information about the Company’s assets and liabilities that are measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017:
The carrying value and estimated fair value of long-term debt as of September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017 were as follows:
(1) The estimated fair value of our long-term debt is estimated primarily based on current bid prices for our long-term debt. Judgment is required to develop these estimates. As such, the fair value of our long-term debt is classified within Level 2, as defined under U.S. GAAP. (2) The carrying value of the Term Loan B debt approximated fair value as of December 31, 2017 as it was variable rate debt. (d) Recent accounting pronouncements The FASB issued ASU No. 2014-9, Revenue from Contracts with Customers, in September 2014. This guidance requires that an entity recognize revenue to depict the transfer of a promised good or service to its customers in an amount that reflects consideration to which the entity expects to be entitled in exchange for such transfer. This guidance also specifies accounting for certain costs incurred by an entity to obtain or fulfill a contract with a customer and provides for enhancements to revenue specific disclosures intended to allow users of the financial statements to clearly understand the nature, amount, timing and uncertainty of revenue and cash flows arising from an entity’s contracts with its customers. The Company has adopted the guidance as of January 1, 2018 on a modified retrospective basis. See Note 15 for details about the effect of adoption. The FASB issued ASU No. 2016-2, Leases, in February 2016. This guidance is intended to increase transparency and comparability among organizations by recognizing lease assets and lease liabilities on the balance sheet and disclosing key information about leasing arrangements. This guidance is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018, including interim periods within those fiscal years for public companies. Early application of the amendments in this update is permitted for all entities. The Company anticipates that adoption of this guidance will bring all current operating leases onto the statement of financial position as a right of use asset and related rent liability, and is currently evaluating the effect that implementation of this guidance will have on its consolidated statement of operations. The FASB issued ASU No. 2016-15, Classification of Certain Cash Receipts and Cash Payments, in August 2016. This guidance is intended to reduce diversity in practice of the classification of certain cash receipts and cash payments. This guidance will be effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2017, including interim periods within that year. The Company has adopted the guidance as of January 1, 2018 on a prospective basis, noting no material impact on its consolidated financial statements. The FASB issued ASU No. 2017-4, Intangibles–Goodwill and Other (Topic 350): Simplifying the Test for Goodwill Impairment, in January 2017. This guidance eliminates the requirement to calculate the implied fair value, essentially eliminating step two from the goodwill impairment test. The new standard requires goodwill impairment to be based upon the results of step one of the impairment test, which is defined as the excess of the carrying value of a reporting unit over its fair value. The impairment charge will be limited to the amount of goodwill allocated to that reporting unit. This guidance will be effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019, including interim periods within that year. This new guidance is not expected to have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements. The FASB issued ASU No. 2017-12, Derivatives and Hedging (Topic 815): Targeted Improvements to Accounting for Hedging Activities, in August 2017. The guidance simplifies the application of hedge accounting in certain situations and amends the hedge accounting model to enable entities to better portray the economics of their risk management activities in the financial statements. This guidance will be effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018, including interim periods within that year. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of this guidance on its consolidated financial statements. The FASB issued ASU No. 2018-15, Intangibles - Goodwill and Other - Internal-Use Software (Subtopic 350-40): Customer's Accounting for Implementation Costs Incurred in a Cloud Computing Arrangement That Is a Service Contract, in August 2018. The guidance helps align the requirements for capitalizing implementation costs incurred in a hosting arrangement that is a service contract with the requirements for capitalizing implementation costs incurred to develop or obtain internal-use software (and hosting arrangements that include an internal-use software license). This guidance will be effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019, including interim periods within that year, but allows for early adoption. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of this guidance on its consolidated financial statements. |
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Variable Interest Entity, Consolidated, Carrying Amount, Assets and Liabilities, Net [Abstract] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Variable Interest Entities | Variable Interest Entities The carrying values of VIEs included in the consolidated financial statements as of September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017 are as follows:
The Company also has variable interests in certain franchisees mainly through the guarantee of certain debt and lease agreements by the Company and by certain related parties to franchisees. The Company’s maximum obligation, as a result of its guarantees of leases and debt, is approximately $798 and $979 as of September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively. The amount of the Company’s maximum obligation represents a loss that the Company could incur from the variability in credit exposure without consideration of possible recoveries through insurance or other means. In addition, the amount bears no relation to the ultimate settlement anticipated to be incurred from the Company’s involvement with these entities, which is estimated at $0. |
Acquisition |
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Business Combinations [Abstract] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Acquisition | Acquisition Colorado Acquisition On August 10, 2018, the Company purchased from one of its franchisees certain assets associated with four franchisee-owned stores in Colorado for a cash payment of $17,249. As a result of the transaction, the Company incurred a loss on unfavorable reacquired franchise rights of $10, which has been reflected in other operating costs in the statement of operations. The loss incurred reduced the net purchase price to $17,239. The Company financed the purchase through cash on hand. The acquired stores are included in the Corporate-owned stores segment. The preliminary purchase consideration was allocated as follows:
The goodwill created through the purchase is attributable to the assumed future value of the cash flows from the stores acquired. The goodwill is amortizable and deductible for tax purposes over 15 years. The acquisition was not material to the results of operations, financial position or cash flows of the Company. Certain estimated values for the Colorado acquisition, including goodwill and intangible assets, are not yet finalized and are subject to revision as additional information becomes available and more detailed analyses are completed. Long Island Acquisition On January 1, 2018, the Company purchased from one of its franchisees certain assets associated with six franchisee-owned stores in New York for a cash payment of $28,503. As a result of the transaction, the Company incurred a loss on unfavorable reacquired franchise rights of $350, which has been reflected in other operating costs in the statement of operations. The loss incurred reduced the net purchase price to $28,153. The Company financed the purchase through cash on hand. The acquired stores are included in the Corporate-owned stores segment. The purchase consideration was allocated as follows:
The goodwill created through the purchase is attributable to the assumed future value of the cash flows from the stores acquired. The goodwill is amortizable and deductible for tax purposes over 15 years. The acquisition was not material to the results of operations, financial position or cash flows of the Company. |
Goodwill and Intangible Assets |
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Goodwill and Intangible Assets Disclosure [Abstract] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Goodwill and Intangible assets | Goodwill and Intangible Assets A summary of goodwill and intangible assets at September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017 is as follows:
The Company determined that no impairment charges were required during any periods presented and the increase to goodwill was due to the acquisition of six franchisee-owned stores on January 1, 2018, and the acquisition of four franchisee-owned stores on August 10, 2018 (Note 4). Amortization expense related to the intangible assets totaled $4,027 and $4,697 for the three months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively, and $12,052 and $14,122 for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017. Included within these total amortization expense amounts are $93 and $75 related to amortization of favorable leases for the three months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively, and $276 and $255 for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively. Amortization of favorable leases is recorded within store operations as a component of rent expense in the consolidated statements of operations. The anticipated annual amortization expense related to intangible assets to be recognized in future years as of September 30, 2018 is as follows:
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Long-Term Debt |
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Long-Term Debt | Long-Term Debt Long-term debt as of September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017 consists of the following:
Future annual principal payments of long-term debt as of September 30, 2018 are as follows:
On August 1, 2018, Planet Fitness Master Issuer LLC (the “Master Issuer”), a limited-purpose, bankruptcy remote, wholly-owned indirect subsidiary of Pla-Fit Holdings, LLC, entered into a base indenture and a related supplemental indenture (collectively, the “Indenture”) under which the Master Issuer may issue multiple series of notes. On the same date, the Master Issuer issued Series 2018-1 4.262% Fixed Rate Senior Secured Notes, Class A-2-I (the “Class A-2-I Notes”) with an initial principal amount of $575,000 and Series 2018-1 4.666% Fixed Rate Senior Secured Notes, Class A-2-II (the “Class A-2-II Notes” and, together with the Class A-2-I Notes, the “Class A-2 Notes”) with an initial principal amount of $625,000. In connection with the issuance of the Class A-2 Notes, the Master Issuer also entered into a revolving financing facility that allows for the issuance of up to $75,000 in Series 2018-1 Variable Funding Senior Notes, Class A-1 (the “Variable Funding Notes” and together with the Class A-2 Notes, the “Series 2018-1 Senior Notes”), and certain letters of credit, all of which is currently undrawn. The Series 2018-1 Senior Notes were issued in a securitization transaction pursuant to which most of the Company’s domestic revenue-generating assets, consisting principally of franchise-related agreements, certain corporate-owned store assets, equipment supply agreements and intellectual property and license agreements for the use of intellectual property, were assigned to the Master Issuer and certain other limited-purpose, bankruptcy remote, wholly-owned indirect subsidiaries of the Company that act as guarantors of the Series 2018-1 Senior Notes and that have pledged substantially all of their assets to secure the Series 2018-1 Senior Notes. Interest and principal payments on the Class A-2 Notes are payable on a quarterly basis. The requirement to make such quarterly principal payments on the Class A-2 Notes is subject to certain financial conditions set forth in the Indenture. The legal final maturity date of the Class A-2 Notes is in September 2048, but it is anticipated that, unless earlier prepaid to the extent permitted under the Indenture, the Class A-2-I Notes will be repaid in September 2022 and the Class A-2-II Notes will be repaid in September 2025 (together, the "Anticipated Repayment Dates"). If the Master Issuer has not repaid or refinanced the Class A-2 Notes prior to the respective Anticipated Repayment Dates, additional interest will accrue pursuant to the Indenture. The Variable Funding Notes will accrue interest at a variable interest rate based on (i) the prime rate, (ii) overnight federal funds rates, (iii) the London interbank offered rate for U.S. Dollars, or (iv) with respect to advances made by conduit investors, the weighted average cost of, or related to, the issuance of commercial paper allocated to fund or maintain such advances, in each case plus any applicable margin and as specified in the Variable Funding Note agreement. There is a commitment fee on the unused portion of the Variable Funding Notes of 0.5% based on utilization. It is anticipated that the principal and interest on the Variable Funding Notes will be repaid in full on or prior to September 2023, subject to two additional one-year extensions. Following the anticipated repayment date (and any extensions thereof) additional interest will accrue on the Variable Funding Notes equal to 5.0% per year. In connection with the issuance of the Series 2018-1 Senior Notes, the Company incurred debt issuance costs of $27,191. The debt issuance costs are being amortized to “Interest expense” through the Anticipated Repayment Dates of the Class A-2 Notes utilizing the effective interest rate method. The Series 2018-1 Senior Notes are subject to covenants and restrictions customary for transactions of this type, including (i) that the Master Issuer maintains specified reserve accounts to be used to make required payments in respect of the Series 2018-1 Senior Notes, (ii) provisions relating to optional and mandatory prepayments and the related payment of specified amounts, including specified make-whole payments in the case of the Class A-2 Notes under certain circumstances, (iii) certain indemnification payments in the event, among other things, the assets pledged as collateral for the Series 2018-1 Senior Notes are in stated ways defective or ineffective, and (iv) covenants relating to recordkeeping, access to information and similar matters. The Series 2018-1 Senior Notes are also subject to customary rapid amortization events provided for in the Indenture, including events tied to failure to maintain stated debt service coverage ratios, certain manager termination events, an event of default, and the failure to repay or refinance the Class A-2 Notes on the applicable scheduled Anticipated Repayment Dates. The Series 2018-1 Senior Notes are also subject to certain customary events of default, including events relating to non-payment of required interest, principal, or other amounts due on or with respect to the Series 2018-1 Senior Notes, failure to comply with covenants within certain time frames, certain bankruptcy events, breaches of specified representations and warranties, failure of security interests to be effective, and certain judgments. In accordance with the Indenture, certain cash accounts have been established with the Indenture trustee (the "Trustee") for the benefit of the trustee and the noteholders, and are restricted in their use. The Company holds restricted cash which primarily represents cash collections held by the Trustee, interest, principal, and commitment fee reserves held by the Trustee related to the Company’s Series 2018-1 Senior Notes. As of September 30, 2018, the Company had restricted cash held by the Trustee of $35,915. Restricted cash has been combined with cash and cash equivalents when reconciling the beginning and end of period balances in the consolidated statements of cash flows. The proceeds from the issuance of the Class A-2 Notes were used to repay all amounts outstanding on the Term Loan B under the Company’s prior credit facility. As a result, the Company recorded a loss on early extinguishment of debt of $4,570 within interest expense on the consolidated statement of operations, primarily consisting of the write-off of deferred costs related to the prior credit facility. In connection with the repayment of the Term Loan B, the Company terminated the related interest rate caps with notional amounts totaling $219,837, which had been designated as a cash flow hedge. See Note 7 for more information on the interest rate caps. |
Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities |
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Sep. 30, 2018 | |
Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities Disclosure [Abstract] | |
Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities | Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities Prior to the refinancing transactions described in Note 6, the Company used interest-rate-related derivative instruments to manage its exposure related to changes in interest rates on its variable-rate debt instruments. The Company does not enter into derivative instruments for any purpose other than cash flow hedging. The Company does not speculate using derivative instruments. In order to manage the market risk arising from the previously outstanding term loans, the Company entered into a series of interest rate caps. As of September 30, 2018, the Company had no interest rate cap agreements outstanding. In connection with the issuance of the Class A-2 Notes, the Company terminated the interest rate caps it had entered into in order to hedge one month LIBOR greater than 2.5% through March 31, 2019. The interest rate cap balances of $0 and $340 were recorded within other assets in the condensed consolidated balance sheets as of September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively. These amounts have been measured at fair value and are considered to be a Level 2 fair value measurement. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018, the Company has reversed all historical unrealized gains and losses associated with its interest rate caps due to the termination or maturity of all previously outstanding caps. The Company recorded an increase to the value of its interest rate caps of $356, net of tax of $145, within other comprehensive income (loss) during the three months ended September 30, 2017, respectively, and an increase to the value of its interest rate caps of $730, net of tax of $344, within other comprehensive income (loss) during the nine months ended September 30, 2017. |
Related Party Transactions |
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Related Party Transactions [Abstract] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Related Party Transactions | Related Party Transactions Amounts due from related parties of $0 and $3,020 as of September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017. The balance at December 31, 2017 primarily related to reimbursements for certain taxes accrued or paid by the Company (see Note 11). Activity with entities considered to be related parties is summarized below:
Additionally, the Company had deferred area development agreement revenue from related parties of $817 and $389 as of September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively. The Company entered into a consulting agreement that continues through December 31, 2018 with a shareholder and former executive officer of the Company. The Company had payables to related parties pursuant to tax benefit arrangements of $52,521 and $44,794, as of September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively (see Note 11). The Company provides administrative services to Planet Fitness NAF, LLC (“NAF”) and charges NAF a fee for providing these services. The services provided include accounting services, information technology, data processing, product development, legal and administrative support, and other operating expenses, which amounted to $676 and $643 for the three months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively, and $1,872 and $1,645 for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively. |
Stockholder's Equity |
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Sep. 30, 2018 | |||||||||
Equity [Abstract] | |||||||||
Stockholder's Equity | Stockholder’s Equity Pursuant to the exchange agreement between the Company and the Continuing LLC Owners, the Continuing LLC Owners (or certain permitted transferees thereof) have the right, from time to time and subject to the terms of the exchange agreement, to exchange their Holdings Units, along with a corresponding number of shares of Class B common stock, for shares of Class A common stock (or cash at the option of the Company) on a one-for-one basis, subject to customary conversion rate adjustments for stock splits, stock dividends, reclassifications and similar transactions. In connection with any exchange of Holdings Units for shares of Class A common stock by a Continuing LLC Owner, the number of Holdings Units held by the Company is correspondingly increased as it acquires the exchanged Holdings Units, and a corresponding number of shares of Class B common stock are cancelled. During the nine months ended September 30, 2018, certain existing holders of Holdings Units exercised their exchange rights and exchanged 1,640,020 Holdings Units for 1,640,020 newly-issued shares of Class A common stock. Simultaneously, and in connection with these exchanges, 1,640,020 shares of Class B common stock were surrendered by the holders of Holdings Units that exercised their exchange rights and cancelled. Additionally, in connection with these exchanges, Planet Fitness, Inc. received 1,640,020 Holdings Units, increasing its total ownership interest in Pla-Fit Holdings. Pursuant to the Company's share repurchase program, which was increased to $500,000 on August 3, 2018, during the nine months ended September 30, 2018, the Company repurchased and retired 824,312 shares of Class A common stock for a total cost of $42,090. As a result of the above transactions, as of September 30, 2018:
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Earnings Per Share |
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Earnings Per Share [Abstract] | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Earnings Per Share | Earnings Per Share Basic earnings per share of Class A common stock is computed by dividing net income attributable to Planet Fitness, Inc. by the weighted-average number of shares of Class A common stock outstanding during the same period. Diluted earnings per share of Class A common stock is computed by dividing net income attributable to Planet Fitness, Inc. by the weighted-average number of shares of Class A common stock outstanding adjusted to give effect to potentially dilutive securities. Shares of the Company’s Class B common stock do not share in the earnings or losses attributable to Planet Fitness, Inc. and are therefore not participating securities. As such, separate presentation of basic and diluted earnings per share of Class B common stock under the two-class method has not been presented. Shares of the Company’s Class B common stock are, however, considered potentially dilutive shares of Class A common stock because shares of Class B common stock, together with the related Holdings Units, are exchangeable into shares of Class A common stock on a one-for-one basis. The following table sets forth reconciliations used to compute basic and diluted earnings per share of Class A common stock:
Weighted average shares of Class B common stock of 10,004,682 and 12,693,076 for the three months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively, and 10,550,857 and 22,010,095 for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively, were evaluated under the if-converted method for potential dilutive effects and were not determined to be dilutive. Weighted average stock options outstanding of 36,342 and 466,278 for the three months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively and 114,628 and 423,870 for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively, were evaluated under the treasury stock method for potential dilutive effects and were determined to be anti-dilutive. Weighted average RSUs outstanding of 0 and 2,924 for the three months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively, and 11,245 and 985 for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively, were evaluated under the treasury stock method for potential dilutive effects and were determined to be anti-dilutive. |
Income Taxes |
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Sep. 30, 2018 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract] | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Income Taxes | Income Taxes The Company is the sole managing member of Pla-Fit Holdings, which is treated as a partnership for U.S. federal and certain state and local income taxes. As a partnership, Pla-Fit Holdings is not subject to U.S. federal and certain state and local income taxes. Any taxable income or loss generated by Pla-Fit Holdings is passed through to and included in the taxable income or loss of its members, including the Company, on a pro-rata basis. Planet Fitness, Inc. is subject to U.S. federal income taxes, in addition to state and local income taxes with respect to our allocable share of any taxable income of Pla-Fit Holdings. The Company’s effective tax rate was 26.0% and 25.7% for the three months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively and the increase was primarily attributable to the recognition of an income tax benefit in connection with the filing of tax returns in the three months ended September 30, 2017, offset by a lower U.S. statutory tax rate in 2018. The Company’s effective tax rate was 23.9% and 30.4% for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively, and the reduction in the effective tax rate was primarily attributable to the lower U.S. statutory tax rate in 2018, partially offset by the Company’s increased pro rata share of income from Pla-Fit Holdings. The impact of discrete items was not material. The Company was also subject to taxes in foreign jurisdictions. Undistributed earnings of foreign operations were not material for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017. Net deferred tax assets of $414,977 and $406,153 as of September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively, relate primarily to the tax effects of temporary differences in the book basis as compared to the tax basis of our investment in Pla-Fit Holdings as a result of the secondary offerings, other exchanges, recapitalization transactions and the IPO. As of September 30, 2018, the Company does not have any material net operating loss carryforwards. As of September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, the total liability related to uncertain tax positions was $300 and $2,608, respectively. During the nine months ended September 30, 2018, the Company settled a tax examination for $2,625 which was fully indemnified. At the date of settlement the Company had recorded on its balance sheet an uncertain tax position reserve and related indemnification asset of $2,967 reflecting principal and interest and therefore released $342 as an offset to provision for income taxes and also released an indemnification asset of $342 through other expense. The Company recognizes interest accrued and penalties, if applicable, related to unrecognized tax benefits in income tax expense. Interest and penalties for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017 were not material. On December 22, 2017, Staff Accounting Bulletin No. 118 ("SAB 118") was issued to address the application of U.S. GAAP in situations when a registrant does not have the necessary information available, prepared, or analyzed (including computations) in reasonable detail to complete the accounting for certain income tax effects of H.R. 1, originally known as the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act ("2017 Tax Act"). As of December 31, 2017, the Company made reasonable provisional estimates of the effects of the Tax Act on our consolidated financial statements and tax disclosures, including changes to existing deferred tax balances, the mandatory repatriation tax and remeasurement of our tax benefit arrangements. At September 30, 2018, the Company has not completed the accounting for the effects of the 2017 Tax Act. Tax benefit arrangements The Company’s acquisition of Holdings Units in connection with the IPO and future and certain past exchanges of Holdings Units for shares of the Company’s Class A common stock (or cash at the option of the Company) are expected to produce and have produced favorable tax attributes. In connection with the IPO, the Company entered into two tax receivable agreements. Under the first of those agreements, the Company generally is required to pay to certain existing and previous equity owners of Pla-Fit Holdings (the “TRA Holders”) 85% of the applicable tax savings, if any, in U.S. federal and state income tax that the Company is deemed to realize as a result of certain tax attributes of their Holdings Units sold to the Company (or exchanged in a taxable sale) and that are created as a result of (i) the exchanges of their Holdings Units for shares of Class A common stock and (ii) tax benefits attributable to payments made under the tax receivable agreement (including imputed interest). Under the second tax receivable agreement, the Company generally is required to pay to TSG AIV II-A L.P and TSG PF Co-Investors A L.P. (the "Direct TSG Investors") 85% of the amount of tax savings, if any, that the Company is deemed to realize as a result of the tax attributes of the Holdings Units held in respect of the Direct TSG Investors’ interest in the Company, which resulted from the Direct TSG Investors’ purchase of interests in Pla-Fit Holdings in 2012, and certain other tax benefits. Under both agreements, the Company generally retains the benefit of the remaining 15% of the applicable tax savings. During the nine months ended September 30, 2018, 1,640,020 Holdings Units were exchanged by the TRA Holders for newly issued shares of Class A common stock, resulting in an increase in the tax basis of the net assets of Pla-Fit Holdings subject to the provisions of the tax receivable agreements. As a result of the change in Planet Fitness, Inc.’s ownership percentage of Pla-Fit Holdings that occurred in conjunction with the exchanges, we recorded a decrease to our net deferred tax assets of $921 during the nine months ended September 30, 2018. As a result of these exchanges, during the nine months ended September 30, 2018, we also recognized deferred tax assets in the amount of $25,559, and corresponding tax benefit arrangement liabilities of $21,852, representing 85% of the tax benefits due to the TRA Holders. The offset to the entries recorded in connection with exchanges was to equity. As of September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, the Company had a liability of $431,155 and $431,360, respectively, related to its projected obligations under the tax benefit arrangements. Projected future payments under the tax benefit arrangements are as follows:
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Commitments and contingencies |
9 Months Ended |
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Sep. 30, 2018 | |
Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure [Abstract] | |
Commitments and contingencies | Commitments and contingencies From time to time, and in the ordinary course of business, the Company is subject to various claims, charges, and litigation, such as employment-related claims and slip and fall cases. The Company is not currently aware of any legal proceedings or claims that the Company believes will have, individually or in the aggregate, a material adverse effect on the Company’s financial position or result of operations. |
Segments |
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Segment Reporting [Abstract] | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Segments | Segments The Company has three reportable segments: (i) Franchise; (ii) Corporate-owned stores; and (iii) Equipment. The Company’s operations are organized and managed by type of products and services and segment information is reported accordingly. The Company’s chief operating decision maker (the “CODM”) is its Chief Executive Officer. The CODM reviews financial performance and allocates resources by reportable segment. There have been no operating segments aggregated to arrive at the Company’s reportable segments. The Franchise segment includes operations related to the Company’s franchising business in the United States, Puerto Rico, Canada, the Dominican Republic, Panama and Mexico, including revenues and expenses from the NAF beginning on January 1, 2018 (see Note 15). The Corporate-owned stores segment includes operations with respect to all Corporate-owned stores throughout the United States and Canada. The Equipment segment includes the sale of equipment to franchisee-owned stores. The accounting policies of the reportable segments are the same as those described in Note 2. The Company evaluates the performance of its segments and allocates resources to them based on revenue and earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation, and amortization, referred to as Segment EBITDA. Revenues for all operating segments include only transactions with unaffiliated customers and include no intersegment revenues. The tables below summarize the financial information for the Company’s reportable segments for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017. The “Corporate and other” category, as it relates to Segment EBITDA, primarily includes corporate overhead costs, such as payroll and related benefit costs and professional services which are not directly attributable to any individual segment.
Franchise segment revenue includes franchise revenue, NAF revenue, and commission income. Franchise revenue includes revenue generated from placement services of $2,518 and $2,433 for the three months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively, and $7,694 and $7,410 for the nine months September 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively.
The following table reconciles total Segment EBITDA to income before taxes:
The following table summarizes the Company’s assets by reportable segment:
The table above includes $2,102 and $2,558 of long-lived assets located in the Company’s corporate-owned stores in Canada as of September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively. All other assets are located in the U.S. The following table summarizes the Company’s goodwill by reportable segment:
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Corporate-Owned and Franchisee-Owned Stores |
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Franchisors [Abstract] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Corporate-Owned and Franchisee-Owned Stores | Corporate-Owned and Franchisee-Owned Stores The following table shows changes in our corporate-owned and franchisee-owned stores for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017:
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Revenue recognition |
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Revenue from Contract with Customer [Abstract] | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Revenue recognition | Revenue recognition Revenue from Contracts with Customers We transitioned to FASB Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) Topic 606, Revenue From Contracts with Customers (“ASC 606”), from ASC Topic 605, Revenue Recognition and ASC Subtopic 952-605, Franchisors - Revenue Recognition (together, the “Previous Standards”) on January 1, 2018 using the modified retrospective transition method. Our Financial Statements reflect the application of ASC 606 guidance beginning in 2018, while our consolidated financial statements for prior periods were prepared under the guidance of Previous Standards. The $9,192 cumulative effect of our transition to ASC 606 is reflected as an adjustment to January 1, 2018 stockholders' deficit. Our transition to ASC 606 represents a change in accounting principle. ASC 606 eliminates industry-specific guidance and provides a single revenue recognition model for recognizing revenue from contracts with customers. The core principle of ASC 606 is that a reporting entity should recognize revenue to depict the transfer of promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the reporting entity expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services. Revenue Recognition Significant Accounting Policies under ASC 606 The Company's revenues are comprised of franchise revenue, equipment revenue, and corporate-owned stores revenue. Franchise revenue Franchise revenues consist primarily of royalties, NAF contributions, initial and renewal franchise fees and upfront fees from area development agreements ("ADAs"), transfer fees, equipment placement revenue, other fees and commission income. The Company's primary performance obligation under the franchise license is granting certain rights to use the Company's intellectual property, and all other services the Company provides under the ADA and franchise agreement are highly interrelated, not distinct within the contract, and therefore accounted for under ASC 606 as a single performance obligation, which is satisfied by granting certain rights to use our intellectual property over the term of each franchise agreement. Royalties, including franchisee contributions to national advertising funds, are calculated as a percentage of franchise monthly dues and annual fees over the term of the franchise agreement. Under our franchise agreements, advertising contributions paid by franchisees must be spent on advertising, marketing and related activities. Initial and renewal franchise fees are payable by the franchisee upon signing a new franchise agreement or renewal of an existing franchise agreement, and transfer fees are paid to the Company when one franchisee transfers a franchise agreement to a different franchisee. Our franchise royalties, as well as our NAF contributions, represent sales-based royalties that are related entirely to our performance obligation under the franchise agreement and are recognized as franchise sales occur. Additionally, under ASC 606, initial and renewal franchise fees, as well as transfer fees, are recognized as revenue on a straight-line basis over the term of the respective franchise agreement. Under the Previous Standards, initial franchise fees were recognized as revenue when the related franchisees signed a lease and completed the Company's new franchisee training. Renewal franchise fees and transfer fees were recognized as revenue upon execution of a new franchise agreement. Our performance obligation under ADAs generally consists of an obligation to grant geographic exclusive area development rights. These development rights are not distinct from franchise agreements, so upfront fees paid by franchisees for exclusive development rights are deferred and apportioned to each franchise agreement signed by the franchisee. The pro-rata amount apportioned to each franchise agreement is accounted for identically to the initial franchise fee. The Company is generally responsible for assembly and placement of equipment it sells to U.S. based franchisee-owned stores. Placement revenue is recognized upon completion and acceptance of the services at the franchise location. The Company recognizes commission income from certain of its franchisees’ use of certain preferred vendor arrangements. Commissions are recognized when amounts have been earned and collectability from the vendor is reasonably assured. Online member join fees are paid to the Company by franchisees for processing new membership transactions when a new member signs up for a membership to a franchisee-owned store through the Company’s website. These fees are recognized as revenue as each transaction occurs. Billing transaction fees are paid to the Company by certain of its franchisees for the processing of franchisee membership dues and annual fees through the Company’s third-party hosted point-of-sale system and are recognized as revenue as they are earned. Equipment revenue The Company sells and delivers equipment purchased from third-party equipment manufacturers to U.S. based franchisee-owned stores. Revenue is recognized upon transfer of control of ordered items, generally upon delivery to the customer, which is when the customer obtains physical possession of the goods, legal title is transferred, the customer has all risks and rewards of ownership and an obligation to pay for the goods is created. Franchisees are charged for all freight costs incurred for the delivery of equipment. Freight revenue is recorded within equipment revenue and freight costs are recorded within cost of revenue. The Company recognizes revenue on a gross basis in these transactions as management has determined the Company to be the principal in these transactions. Management determined the Company to be the principal in the transaction because the Company controls the equipment prior to delivery to the final customer as evidenced by its pricing discretion over the goods, inventory transfer of title and risk of loss while the inventory is in transit, and having the primary responsibility to fulfill the customer order and direct the third-party vendor. Corporate-owned stores revenue The following revenues are generated from stores owned and operated by the Company. Membership dues are earned and recognized over the membership term on a straight-line basis. Enrollment fee revenue Enrollment fees are charged to new members at the commencement of their membership. The Company recognizes enrollment fees ratably over the estimated duration of the membership life, which is generally two years. Annual membership fee revenue Annual membership fees are annual fees charged to members in addition to and in order to maintain low monthly membership dues. The Company recognizes annual membership fees ratably over the 12-month membership period. Retail sales The Company sells Planet Fitness branded apparel, food, beverages, and other accessories. The revenue for these items is recognized at the point of sale. Contract Liabilities Contract liabilities consist of deferred revenue resulting from initial and renewal franchise fees and ADA fees paid by franchisees, as well as transfer fees, which are generally recognized on a straight-line basis over the term of the underlying franchise agreement. Also included are corporate-owned store enrollment fees, annual fees and monthly fees. We classify these contract liabilities as deferred revenue in our condensed consolidated balance sheets. The following table reflects the change in contract liabilities between the date of adoption (January 1, 2018) and September 30, 2018,
The following table illustrates estimated revenues expected to be recognized in the future related to performance obligations that are unsatisfied (or partially unsatisfied) as of September 30, 2018. The Company has elected to exclude short term contracts, sales and usage based royalties and any other variable consideration recognized on an "as invoiced" basis.
Financial Statement Impact of Transition to ASC 606 As noted above, we transitioned to ASC 606 using the modified retrospective method on January 1, 2018. The cumulative effect of this transition to applicable contracts with customers that were not completed as of January 1, 2018 was recorded as an adjustment to stockholders' deficit as of that date. As a result of applying the modified retrospective method to transition to ASC 606, the following adjustments were made to the consolidated balance sheet as of January 1, 2018 (in millions):
Franchise Fees The cumulative adjustment for franchise fees, including ADA fees, renewal fees and transfer fees which will all be recognized over the franchise contract term consist of the following:
Comparison to Amounts if Previous Standards Had Been in Effect The following tables reflect the impact of adoption of ASC 606 on our consolidated statements of operations for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018, cash flows from operating activities for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 and our condensed consolidated balance sheet as of September 30, 2018 and the amounts as if the Previous Standards were in effect (“Amounts Under Previous Standards”): Consolidated statement of operations
Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows
Consolidated Balance Sheet
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Summary of significant accounting policies (Policies) |
9 Months Ended |
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Sep. 30, 2018 | |
Accounting Policies [Abstract] | |
Basis of presentation and consolidation | Basis of presentation and consolidation The accompanying unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (U.S. GAAP) for interim financial information and pursuant to the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”). Accordingly, these interim financial statements do not include all of the information and footnotes required by U.S. GAAP for complete financial statements. In the opinion of management, all adjustments (consisting of normal recurring adjustments) necessary for a fair presentation of the results of operations, financial position and cash flows for the periods presented have been reflected. All significant intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation. The condensed consolidated financial statements as of and for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017 are unaudited. The condensed consolidated balance sheet as of December 31, 2017 has been derived from the audited financial statements at that date but does not include all of the disclosures required by U.S. GAAP. These interim condensed consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2017 (the “Annual Report”) filed with the SEC on March 1, 2018. Operating results for the interim periods are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for the full year. As discussed in Note 1, as a result of the recapitalization transactions, Planet Fitness, Inc. consolidates Pla-Fit Holdings. The Company also consolidates entities in which it has a controlling financial interest, the usual condition of which is ownership of a majority voting interest. The Company also considers for consolidation certain interests where the controlling financial interest may be achieved through arrangements that do not involve voting interests. Such an entity, known as a variable interest entity (“VIE”), is required to be consolidated by its primary beneficiary. The primary beneficiary of a VIE is considered to possess the power to direct the activities of the VIE that most significantly impact its economic performance and has the obligation to absorb losses or the rights to receive benefits from the VIE that are significant to it. The principal entities in which the Company possesses a variable interest include franchise entities and certain other entities. The Company is not deemed to be the primary beneficiary for Planet Fitness franchise entities. Therefore, these entities are not consolidated. The results of the Company have been consolidated with Matthew Michael Realty LLC (“MMR”) and PF Melville LLC (“PF Melville”) based on the determination that the Company is the primary beneficiary with respect to these VIEs. These entities are real estate holding companies that derive a majority of their financial support from the Company through lease agreements for corporate stores. See Note 3 for further information related to the Company’s VIEs. |
Use of estimates | Use of estimates The preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes. Although these estimates are based on management’s knowledge of current events and actions it may undertake in the future, they may ultimately differ from actual results. Significant areas where estimates and judgments are relied upon by management in the preparation of the consolidated financial statements include revenue recognition, valuation of assets and liabilities in connection with acquisitions, valuation of equity-based compensation awards, the evaluation of the recoverability of goodwill and long-lived assets, including intangible assets, income taxes, including deferred tax assets and liabilities and reserves for unrecognized tax benefits, and the liability for the Company’s tax benefit arrangements. |
Fair Value | Fair Value ASC 820, Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures, establishes a three-level valuation hierarchy for disclosure of fair value measurements. The valuation hierarchy is based upon the transparency of inputs to the valuation of an asset or liability as of the measurement date. Categorization within the valuation hierarchy is based upon the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement. The three levels are defined as follows: Level 1—Inputs to the valuation methodology are quoted prices (unadjusted) for identical assets or liabilities in active markets. Level 2—Inputs to the valuation methodology include quoted prices for similar assets and liabilities in active markets, and inputs that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly or indirectly, for substantially the full term of the financial instrument. Level 3—Inputs to the valuation methodology are unobservable and significant to the fair value measurement. |
Recent accounting pronouncements | Recent accounting pronouncements The FASB issued ASU No. 2014-9, Revenue from Contracts with Customers, in September 2014. This guidance requires that an entity recognize revenue to depict the transfer of a promised good or service to its customers in an amount that reflects consideration to which the entity expects to be entitled in exchange for such transfer. This guidance also specifies accounting for certain costs incurred by an entity to obtain or fulfill a contract with a customer and provides for enhancements to revenue specific disclosures intended to allow users of the financial statements to clearly understand the nature, amount, timing and uncertainty of revenue and cash flows arising from an entity’s contracts with its customers. The Company has adopted the guidance as of January 1, 2018 on a modified retrospective basis. See Note 15 for details about the effect of adoption. The FASB issued ASU No. 2016-2, Leases, in February 2016. This guidance is intended to increase transparency and comparability among organizations by recognizing lease assets and lease liabilities on the balance sheet and disclosing key information about leasing arrangements. This guidance is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018, including interim periods within those fiscal years for public companies. Early application of the amendments in this update is permitted for all entities. The Company anticipates that adoption of this guidance will bring all current operating leases onto the statement of financial position as a right of use asset and related rent liability, and is currently evaluating the effect that implementation of this guidance will have on its consolidated statement of operations. The FASB issued ASU No. 2016-15, Classification of Certain Cash Receipts and Cash Payments, in August 2016. This guidance is intended to reduce diversity in practice of the classification of certain cash receipts and cash payments. This guidance will be effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2017, including interim periods within that year. The Company has adopted the guidance as of January 1, 2018 on a prospective basis, noting no material impact on its consolidated financial statements. The FASB issued ASU No. 2017-4, Intangibles–Goodwill and Other (Topic 350): Simplifying the Test for Goodwill Impairment, in January 2017. This guidance eliminates the requirement to calculate the implied fair value, essentially eliminating step two from the goodwill impairment test. The new standard requires goodwill impairment to be based upon the results of step one of the impairment test, which is defined as the excess of the carrying value of a reporting unit over its fair value. The impairment charge will be limited to the amount of goodwill allocated to that reporting unit. This guidance will be effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019, including interim periods within that year. This new guidance is not expected to have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements. The FASB issued ASU No. 2017-12, Derivatives and Hedging (Topic 815): Targeted Improvements to Accounting for Hedging Activities, in August 2017. The guidance simplifies the application of hedge accounting in certain situations and amends the hedge accounting model to enable entities to better portray the economics of their risk management activities in the financial statements. This guidance will be effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018, including interim periods within that year. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of this guidance on its consolidated financial statements. |
Revenue Recognition | Revenue from Contracts with Customers We transitioned to FASB Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) Topic 606, Revenue From Contracts with Customers (“ASC 606”), from ASC Topic 605, Revenue Recognition and ASC Subtopic 952-605, Franchisors - Revenue Recognition (together, the “Previous Standards”) on January 1, 2018 using the modified retrospective transition method. Our Financial Statements reflect the application of ASC 606 guidance beginning in 2018, while our consolidated financial statements for prior periods were prepared under the guidance of Previous Standards. The $9,192 cumulative effect of our transition to ASC 606 is reflected as an adjustment to January 1, 2018 stockholders' deficit. Our transition to ASC 606 represents a change in accounting principle. ASC 606 eliminates industry-specific guidance and provides a single revenue recognition model for recognizing revenue from contracts with customers. The core principle of ASC 606 is that a reporting entity should recognize revenue to depict the transfer of promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the reporting entity expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services. Revenue Recognition Significant Accounting Policies under ASC 606 The Company's revenues are comprised of franchise revenue, equipment revenue, and corporate-owned stores revenue. Franchise revenue Franchise revenues consist primarily of royalties, NAF contributions, initial and renewal franchise fees and upfront fees from area development agreements ("ADAs"), transfer fees, equipment placement revenue, other fees and commission income. The Company's primary performance obligation under the franchise license is granting certain rights to use the Company's intellectual property, and all other services the Company provides under the ADA and franchise agreement are highly interrelated, not distinct within the contract, and therefore accounted for under ASC 606 as a single performance obligation, which is satisfied by granting certain rights to use our intellectual property over the term of each franchise agreement. Royalties, including franchisee contributions to national advertising funds, are calculated as a percentage of franchise monthly dues and annual fees over the term of the franchise agreement. Under our franchise agreements, advertising contributions paid by franchisees must be spent on advertising, marketing and related activities. Initial and renewal franchise fees are payable by the franchisee upon signing a new franchise agreement or renewal of an existing franchise agreement, and transfer fees are paid to the Company when one franchisee transfers a franchise agreement to a different franchisee. Our franchise royalties, as well as our NAF contributions, represent sales-based royalties that are related entirely to our performance obligation under the franchise agreement and are recognized as franchise sales occur. Additionally, under ASC 606, initial and renewal franchise fees, as well as transfer fees, are recognized as revenue on a straight-line basis over the term of the respective franchise agreement. Under the Previous Standards, initial franchise fees were recognized as revenue when the related franchisees signed a lease and completed the Company's new franchisee training. Renewal franchise fees and transfer fees were recognized as revenue upon execution of a new franchise agreement. Our performance obligation under ADAs generally consists of an obligation to grant geographic exclusive area development rights. These development rights are not distinct from franchise agreements, so upfront fees paid by franchisees for exclusive development rights are deferred and apportioned to each franchise agreement signed by the franchisee. The pro-rata amount apportioned to each franchise agreement is accounted for identically to the initial franchise fee. The Company is generally responsible for assembly and placement of equipment it sells to U.S. based franchisee-owned stores. Placement revenue is recognized upon completion and acceptance of the services at the franchise location. The Company recognizes commission income from certain of its franchisees’ use of certain preferred vendor arrangements. Commissions are recognized when amounts have been earned and collectability from the vendor is reasonably assured. Online member join fees are paid to the Company by franchisees for processing new membership transactions when a new member signs up for a membership to a franchisee-owned store through the Company’s website. These fees are recognized as revenue as each transaction occurs. Billing transaction fees are paid to the Company by certain of its franchisees for the processing of franchisee membership dues and annual fees through the Company’s third-party hosted point-of-sale system and are recognized as revenue as they are earned. Equipment revenue The Company sells and delivers equipment purchased from third-party equipment manufacturers to U.S. based franchisee-owned stores. Revenue is recognized upon transfer of control of ordered items, generally upon delivery to the customer, which is when the customer obtains physical possession of the goods, legal title is transferred, the customer has all risks and rewards of ownership and an obligation to pay for the goods is created. Franchisees are charged for all freight costs incurred for the delivery of equipment. Freight revenue is recorded within equipment revenue and freight costs are recorded within cost of revenue. The Company recognizes revenue on a gross basis in these transactions as management has determined the Company to be the principal in these transactions. Management determined the Company to be the principal in the transaction because the Company controls the equipment prior to delivery to the final customer as evidenced by its pricing discretion over the goods, inventory transfer of title and risk of loss while the inventory is in transit, and having the primary responsibility to fulfill the customer order and direct the third-party vendor. Corporate-owned stores revenue The following revenues are generated from stores owned and operated by the Company. Membership dues are earned and recognized over the membership term on a straight-line basis. Enrollment fee revenue Enrollment fees are charged to new members at the commencement of their membership. The Company recognizes enrollment fees ratably over the estimated duration of the membership life, which is generally two years. Annual membership fee revenue Annual membership fees are annual fees charged to members in addition to and in order to maintain low monthly membership dues. The Company recognizes annual membership fees ratably over the 12-month membership period. Retail sales The Company sells Planet Fitness branded apparel, food, beverages, and other accessories. The revenue for these items is recognized at the point of sale. |
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Tables) |
9 Months Ended | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Sep. 30, 2018 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Accounting Policies [Abstract] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Summary of Company's Assets and Liabilities Measured at Fair Value on Recurring Basis | The table below presents information about the Company’s assets and liabilities that are measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017:
The carrying value and estimated fair value of long-term debt as of September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017 were as follows:
(1) The estimated fair value of our long-term debt is estimated primarily based on current bid prices for our long-term debt. Judgment is required to develop these estimates. As such, the fair value of our long-term debt is classified within Level 2, as defined under U.S. GAAP. (2) The carrying value of the Term Loan B debt approximated fair value as of December 31, 2017 as it was variable rate debt. |
Variable Interest Entities (Tables) |
9 Months Ended | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Sep. 30, 2018 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Variable Interest Entity, Consolidated, Carrying Amount, Assets and Liabilities, Net [Abstract] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Carrying Value of Variable Interest Entities of Consolidated Financial Statements | The carrying values of VIEs included in the consolidated financial statements as of September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017 are as follows:
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Acquisition (Tables) |
9 Months Ended | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Sep. 30, 2018 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Business Combinations [Abstract] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Purchase Consideration Allocation | The preliminary purchase consideration was allocated as follows:
The purchase consideration was allocated as follows:
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Goodwill and Intangible Assets (Tables) |
9 Months Ended | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Sep. 30, 2018 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Goodwill and Intangible Assets Disclosure [Abstract] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Summary of Goodwill and Intangible Assets | A summary of goodwill and intangible assets at September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017 is as follows:
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Summary of Amortization expenses | The anticipated annual amortization expense related to intangible assets to be recognized in future years as of September 30, 2018 is as follows:
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Long-Term Debt (Tables) |
9 Months Ended | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Sep. 30, 2018 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Debt Disclosure [Abstract] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Schedule of Long-Term Debt | Long-term debt as of September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017 consists of the following:
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Schedule of Future Annual Payments of Long-term Debt | Future annual principal payments of long-term debt as of September 30, 2018 are as follows:
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Related party transactions (Tables) |
9 Months Ended | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Sep. 30, 2018 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Related Party Transactions [Abstract] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Schedule of Related Party Transactions | Activity with entities considered to be related parties is summarized below:
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Earnings Per Share (Tables) |
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Earnings Per Share [Abstract] | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Reconciliation of Numerators and Denominators Used to Compute Basic and Diluted Earnings per Share | The following table sets forth reconciliations used to compute basic and diluted earnings per share of Class A common stock:
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Income Taxes (Tables) |
9 Months Ended | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Sep. 30, 2018 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract] | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Schedule of Future Payments Under Tax Benefit Arrangements | Projected future payments under the tax benefit arrangements are as follows:
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Segments (Tables) |
9 Months Ended | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Sep. 30, 2018 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Segment Reporting [Abstract] | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Summary of Financial Information for the Company's Reportable Segments |
The tables below summarize the financial information for the Company’s reportable segments for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017. The “Corporate and other” category, as it relates to Segment EBITDA, primarily includes corporate overhead costs, such as payroll and related benefit costs and professional services which are not directly attributable to any individual segment.
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Reconciliation of Total Segment EBITDA to Income Before Taxes | The following table reconciles total Segment EBITDA to income before taxes:
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Summary of Company's Assets by Reportable Segment | The following table summarizes the Company’s assets by reportable segment:
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Summary of Company's Goodwill by Reportable Segment | The following table summarizes the Company’s goodwill by reportable segment:
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Corporate-Owned and Franchisee-Owned Stores (Tables) |
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Sep. 30, 2018 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Franchisors [Abstract] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Schedule of Changes in Corporate-Owned and Franchisee-Owned Stores | The following table shows changes in our corporate-owned and franchisee-owned stores for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017:
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Revenue recognition (Tables) |
9 Months Ended | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Revenue from Contract with Customer [Abstract] | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Schedule of Contract Liabilities | The following table reflects the change in contract liabilities between the date of adoption (January 1, 2018) and September 30, 2018,
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Remaining Performance Obligation | The following table illustrates estimated revenues expected to be recognized in the future related to performance obligations that are unsatisfied (or partially unsatisfied) as of September 30, 2018. The Company has elected to exclude short term contracts, sales and usage based royalties and any other variable consideration recognized on an "as invoiced" basis.
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Impact of ASC 606 | As a result of applying the modified retrospective method to transition to ASC 606, the following adjustments were made to the consolidated balance sheet as of January 1, 2018 (in millions):
The following tables reflect the impact of adoption of ASC 606 on our consolidated statements of operations for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018, cash flows from operating activities for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 and our condensed consolidated balance sheet as of September 30, 2018 and the amounts as if the Previous Standards were in effect (“Amounts Under Previous Standards”): Consolidated statement of operations
Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows
Consolidated Balance Sheet
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Variable Interest Entities - Carrying Value of Variable Interest Entities of Consolidated Financial Statements (Detail) - USD ($) $ in Thousands |
Sep. 30, 2018 |
Dec. 31, 2017 |
---|---|---|
Variable Interest Entity [Line Items] | ||
Assets | $ 8,207 | $ 7,780 |
Liabilities | 0 | 0 |
PF Melville | ||
Variable Interest Entity [Line Items] | ||
Assets | 4,695 | 4,420 |
Liabilities | 0 | 0 |
MMR | ||
Variable Interest Entity [Line Items] | ||
Assets | 3,512 | 3,360 |
Liabilities | $ 0 | $ 0 |
Variable Interest Entities - Additional Information (Detail) - USD ($) |
Sep. 30, 2018 |
Dec. 31, 2017 |
---|---|---|
Variable Interest Entity, Consolidated, Carrying Amount, Assets and Liabilities, Net [Abstract] | ||
Maximum obligation of guarantees of leases and debt | $ 798,000 | $ 979,000 |
Maximum loss exposure Involvement of estimated value | $ 0 |
Acquisition - Narrative (Details) $ in Thousands |
Aug. 10, 2018
USD ($)
Store
|
Jan. 01, 2018
USD ($)
Store
|
Sep. 30, 2018
Store
|
Jun. 30, 2018
Store
|
Dec. 31, 2017
Store
|
Sep. 30, 2017
Store
|
Jun. 30, 2017
Store
|
Dec. 31, 2016
Store
|
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Business Acquisition [Line Items] | ||||||||
Number of owned and franchised locations | Store | 1,646 | 1,608 | 1,518 | 1,432 | 1,403 | 1,313 | ||
Colorado Acquisition | ||||||||
Business Acquisition [Line Items] | ||||||||
Number of owned and franchised locations | Store | 4 | |||||||
Acquisition, gross cash payments | $ 17,249 | |||||||
Loss on reacquired franchise rights | 10 | |||||||
Consideration transferred | $ 17,239 | |||||||
Long Island Acquisition | ||||||||
Business Acquisition [Line Items] | ||||||||
Number of owned and franchised locations | Store | 6 | |||||||
Acquisition, gross cash payments | $ 28,503 | |||||||
Loss on reacquired franchise rights | 350 | |||||||
Consideration transferred | $ 28,153 |
Goodwill and Intangible Assets - Additional Information (Detail) |
3 Months Ended | 9 Months Ended | 12 Months Ended | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Sep. 30, 2018
USD ($)
Store
|
Sep. 30, 2017
USD ($)
Store
|
Sep. 30, 2018
USD ($)
Store
|
Sep. 30, 2017
USD ($)
Store
|
Dec. 31, 2017
USD ($)
Store
|
Aug. 10, 2018
Store
|
Jun. 30, 2018
Store
|
Jan. 01, 2018
Store
|
Jun. 30, 2017
Store
|
Dec. 31, 2016
Store
|
|
Goodwill And Intangible Assets [Line Items] | ||||||||||
Impairment charges | $ | $ 0 | $ 0 | ||||||||
Number of owned and franchised locations | Store | 1,646 | 1,432 | 1,646 | 1,432 | 1,518 | 1,608 | 1,403 | 1,313 | ||
Amortization of intangible assets | $ | $ 4,027,000 | $ 4,697,000 | $ 12,052,000 | $ 14,122,000 | ||||||
Favorable and Unfavorable Leases | ||||||||||
Goodwill And Intangible Assets [Line Items] | ||||||||||
Amortization of intangible assets | $ | $ 93,000 | $ 75,000 | $ 276,000 | $ 255,000 | ||||||
Long Island Acquisition | ||||||||||
Goodwill And Intangible Assets [Line Items] | ||||||||||
Number of owned and franchised locations | Store | 6 | |||||||||
Colorado Acquisition | ||||||||||
Goodwill And Intangible Assets [Line Items] | ||||||||||
Number of owned and franchised locations | Store | 4 |
Goodwill and Intangible Assets - Summary of Amortization expenses (Detail) - USD ($) $ in Thousands |
Sep. 30, 2018 |
Dec. 31, 2017 |
---|---|---|
Goodwill and Intangible Assets Disclosure [Abstract] | ||
Remainder of 2018 | $ 4,026 | |
2019 | 16,111 | |
2020 | 14,260 | |
2021 | 14,234 | |
2022 | 14,426 | |
Thereafter | 28,539 | |
Net carrying Amount | $ 91,596 | $ 89,357 |
Long-Term Debt - Schedule of Long-Term Debt (Detail) - USD ($) $ in Thousands |
Sep. 30, 2018 |
Jan. 01, 2018 |
Dec. 31, 2017 |
---|---|---|---|
Debt Instrument [Line Items] | |||
Total debt, excluding deferred financing costs | $ 1,200,000 | $ 709,470 | |
Deferred financing costs, net of accumulated amortization | (26,288) | (5,709) | |
Total debt | 1,173,712 | 703,761 | |
Current portion of long-term debt and line of credit | 12,000 | $ 7,185 | 7,185 |
Long-term debt, net of current maturities | 1,161,712 | $ 696,576 | 696,576 |
Class A-2-I notes | Senior fixed-rate term notes | |||
Debt Instrument [Line Items] | |||
Total debt, excluding deferred financing costs | 575,000 | 0 | |
Class A-2-II notes | Senior fixed-rate term notes | |||
Debt Instrument [Line Items] | |||
Total debt, excluding deferred financing costs | 625,000 | 0 | |
Term loan B, repaid August 2018 | Term Loan B | |||
Debt Instrument [Line Items] | |||
Total debt, excluding deferred financing costs | $ 0 | $ 709,470 |
Long-Term Debt - Schedule of Future Annual Payments of Long-term Debt (Detail) - USD ($) $ in Thousands |
Sep. 30, 2018 |
Dec. 31, 2017 |
---|---|---|
Debt Disclosure [Abstract] | ||
Remainder of 2018 | $ 3,000 | |
2019 | 12,000 | |
2020 | 12,000 | |
2021 | 12,000 | |
2022 | 562,563 | |
Thereafter | 598,437 | |
Total | $ 1,200,000 | $ 709,470 |
Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities - Additional Information (Detail) - USD ($) $ in Thousands |
3 Months Ended | 9 Months Ended | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Sep. 30, 2018 |
Sep. 30, 2017 |
Sep. 30, 2018 |
Sep. 30, 2017 |
Aug. 01, 2018 |
Dec. 31, 2017 |
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Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities Disclosures [Line Items] | ||||||
Unrealized gain on interest rate caps, net of tax | $ 606 | $ 374 | $ 989 | $ 730 | ||
Interest rate caps | ||||||
Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities Disclosures [Line Items] | ||||||
Interest rate caps | $ 0 | $ 0 | $ 340 | |||
Unrealized gain on interest rate caps, net of tax | 356 | 730 | ||||
Unrealized gain on interest rate caps, tax | $ 145 | $ 344 | ||||
LIBOR | Interest rate caps | ||||||
Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities Disclosures [Line Items] | ||||||
Derivative, basis spread over variable rate (greater than) | 2.50% |
Related Party Transactions - Additional Information (Detail) - USD ($) $ in Thousands |
3 Months Ended | 9 Months Ended | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Sep. 30, 2018 |
Sep. 30, 2017 |
Sep. 30, 2018 |
Sep. 30, 2017 |
Jan. 01, 2018 |
Dec. 31, 2017 |
|
Related Party Transaction [Line Items] | ||||||
Due from related parties, current portion | $ 0 | $ 0 | $ 3,020 | $ 3,020 | ||
Liability payable under tax benefit obligations | 52,521 | 52,521 | 44,794 | |||
Planet Fitness NAF, LLC | ||||||
Related Party Transaction [Line Items] | ||||||
Administrative fees charged | 676 | $ 643 | 1,872 | $ 1,645 | ||
Area Development Agreements | ||||||
Related Party Transaction [Line Items] | ||||||
Deferred area development revenue from related parties | $ 817 | $ 817 | $ 389 |
Related Party Transactions - Schedule of Related Party Transactions (Detail) - USD ($) $ in Thousands |
3 Months Ended | 9 Months Ended | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
Sep. 30, 2018 |
Sep. 30, 2017 |
Sep. 30, 2018 |
Sep. 30, 2017 |
|
Related Party Transaction [Line Items] | ||||
Total revenue from related parties | $ 2,369 | $ 348 | $ 4,235 | $ 1,751 |
Franchise revenue | ||||
Related Party Transaction [Line Items] | ||||
Total revenue from related parties | 897 | 344 | 2,453 | 1,174 |
Equipment revenue | ||||
Related Party Transaction [Line Items] | ||||
Total revenue from related parties | $ 1,472 | $ 4 | $ 1,782 | $ 577 |
Income Taxes - Schedule of Future Payments Under Tax Benefit Arrangements (Detail) - USD ($) $ in Thousands |
Sep. 30, 2018 |
Dec. 31, 2017 |
---|---|---|
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract] | ||
Remainder of 2018 | $ 8,764 | |
2019 | 24,447 | |
2020 | 24,899 | |
2021 | 25,323 | |
2022 | 25,812 | |
Thereafter | 321,910 | |
Total | $ 431,155 | $ 431,360 |
Segments - Additional Information (Detail) |
3 Months Ended | 9 Months Ended | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Sep. 30, 2018
USD ($)
|
Sep. 30, 2017
USD ($)
|
Sep. 30, 2018
USD ($)
Segment
|
Sep. 30, 2017
USD ($)
|
Dec. 31, 2017
USD ($)
|
|
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items] | |||||
Number of reportable segments | Segment | 3 | ||||
Number of operating segments | Segment | 0 | ||||
Revenue | $ 136,656,000 | $ 97,496,000 | $ 398,538,000 | $ 295,914,000 | |
Franchise revenue | |||||
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items] | |||||
Revenue | 54,822,000 | 35,562,000 | 167,584,000 | 110,153,000 | |
Franchise revenue | Placement Services | |||||
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items] | |||||
Revenue | 2,518,000 | 2,433,000 | 7,694,000 | 7,410,000 | |
Corporate-owned Stores | |||||
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items] | |||||
Revenue | 35,406,000 | $ 28,560,000 | 102,365,000 | $ 83,886,000 | |
Corporate-owned Stores | Canada | |||||
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items] | |||||
Long-lived assets | $ 2,102,000 | 2,102,000 | $ 2,558,000 | ||
Intersegment Eliminations | |||||
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items] | |||||
Revenue | $ 0 |
Segments - Reconciliation of Total Segment EBITDA to Income Before Taxes (Detail) - USD ($) $ in Thousands |
3 Months Ended | 9 Months Ended | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
Sep. 30, 2018 |
Sep. 30, 2017 |
Sep. 30, 2018 |
Sep. 30, 2017 |
|
Segment Reporting [Abstract] | ||||
Total Segment EBITDA | $ 52,409 | $ 42,499 | $ 156,911 | $ 129,398 |
Depreciation and amortization | 8,863 | 8,137 | 25,947 | 23,982 |
Other expense | (27) | 408 | (338) | 157 |
Income from operations | 43,573 | 33,954 | 131,302 | 105,259 |
Interest income | 2,025 | 18 | 2,480 | 24 |
Interest expense | (17,909) | (8,938) | (35,725) | (26,735) |
Income before income taxes | $ 27,662 | $ 25,442 | $ 97,719 | $ 78,705 |
Segments - Summary of Company's Goodwill by Reportable Segment (Detail) - USD ($) $ in Thousands |
3 Months Ended | 9 Months Ended | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Sep. 30, 2018 |
Sep. 30, 2017 |
Sep. 30, 2018 |
Sep. 30, 2017 |
Jan. 01, 2018 |
Dec. 31, 2017 |
|
Segment Reporting, Other Significant Reconciling Item [Line Items] | ||||||
Revenue | $ 136,656 | $ 97,496 | $ 398,538 | $ 295,914 | ||
Goodwill, net carrying amount | 199,513 | 199,513 | $ 176,981 | $ 176,981 | ||
Franchise revenue | ||||||
Segment Reporting, Other Significant Reconciling Item [Line Items] | ||||||
Revenue | 54,822 | 35,562 | 167,584 | 110,153 | ||
Goodwill, net carrying amount | 16,938 | 16,938 | 16,938 | |||
Corporate-owned Stores | ||||||
Segment Reporting, Other Significant Reconciling Item [Line Items] | ||||||
Revenue | 35,406 | 28,560 | 102,365 | 83,886 | ||
Goodwill, net carrying amount | 89,909 | 89,909 | 67,377 | |||
Equipment revenue | ||||||
Segment Reporting, Other Significant Reconciling Item [Line Items] | ||||||
Revenue | 46,428 | $ 33,374 | 128,589 | $ 101,875 | ||
Goodwill, net carrying amount | $ 92,666 | $ 92,666 | $ 92,666 |
Corporate-Owned and Franchisee-Owned Stores - Schedule of Changes in Corporate-owned and Franchisee-owned Stores (Detail) - Store |
3 Months Ended | 9 Months Ended | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
Sep. 30, 2018 |
Sep. 30, 2017 |
Sep. 30, 2018 |
Sep. 30, 2017 |
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Number Of Stores [Roll Forward] | ||||
Stores operated at beginning of period | 1,608 | 1,403 | 1,518 | 1,313 |
New stores opened | 41 | 31 | 132 | 122 |
Stores acquired, debranded, sold or consolidated | (3) | (2) | (4) | (3) |
Stores operated at end of period | 1,646 | 1,432 | 1,646 | 1,432 |
Franchisee-Owned Stores | ||||
Number Of Stores [Roll Forward] | ||||
Stores operated at beginning of period | 1,540 | 1,345 | 1,456 | 1,255 |
New stores opened | 40 | 31 | 131 | 122 |
Stores acquired, debranded, sold or consolidated | (7) | (2) | (14) | (3) |
Stores operated at end of period | 1,573 | 1,374 | 1,573 | 1,374 |
Corporate-Owned Stores | ||||
Number Of Stores [Roll Forward] | ||||
Stores operated at beginning of period | 68 | 58 | 62 | 58 |
New stores opened | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
Stores acquired from franchisees | 4 | 0 | 10 | 0 |
Stores operated at end of period | 73 | 58 | 73 | 58 |
Revenue recognition - Narrative (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands |
9 Months Ended | ||
---|---|---|---|
Sep. 30, 2018 |
Jan. 01, 2018 |
Dec. 31, 2017 |
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Revenue, Initial Application Period Cumulative Effect Transition [Line Items] | |||
Total stockholders' deficit | $ 110,148 | $ 146,129 | $ 136,937 |
Membership life, estimated duration | 2 years | ||
Membership period | 12 months | ||
Deferred revenue | $ 47,875 | 40,000 | |
Deferred income taxes | 416,707 | $ 411,067 | 407,782 |
Total adjustments | Accounting Standards Update 2014-09 | |||
Revenue, Initial Application Period Cumulative Effect Transition [Line Items] | |||
Total stockholders' deficit | (13,004) | 9,192 | |
Deferred revenue | 12,477 | ||
Deferred income taxes | $ (3,285) | $ 3,285 |
Revenue recognition - Schedule of Contract Liabilities (Details) $ in Thousands |
9 Months Ended |
---|---|
Sep. 30, 2018
USD ($)
| |
Contract liabilities | |
Beginning Balance | $ 40,000 |
Revenue recognized that was included in the contract liability at the beginning of the year | (18,866) |
Increase, excluding amounts recognized as revenue during the period | 26,741 |
Ending Balance | $ 47,875 |