MERCHANTS BANCORP, 10-K filed on 2/28/2025
Annual Report
v3.25.0.1
Document and Entity Information - USD ($)
$ in Billions
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2024
Feb. 24, 2025
Jun. 30, 2024
Document Information      
Document Type 10-K    
Document Annual Report true    
Document Period End Date Dec. 31, 2024    
Document Transition Report false    
Securities Act File Number 001-38258    
Entity Registrant Name MERCHANTS BANCORP    
Entity Incorporation, State or Country Code IN    
Entity Tax Identification Number 20-5747400    
Entity Address, Address Line One 410 Monon Blvd.    
Entity Address, City or Town Carmel    
Entity Address, State or Province IN    
Entity Address, Postal Zip Code 46032    
City Area Code 317    
Local Phone Number 569-7420    
Entity Well-known Seasoned Issuer No    
Entity Voluntary Filers No    
Entity Current Reporting Status Yes    
Entity Interactive Data Current Yes    
Entity Filer Category Large Accelerated Filer    
Entity Small Business false    
Entity Emerging Growth Company false    
ICFR Auditor Attestation Flag true    
Document Financial Statement Error Correction [Flag] false    
Entity Shell Company false    
Entity Public Float     $ 1.2
Entity Common Stock, Shares Outstanding   45,850,904  
Auditor Name Forvis Mazars, LLP    
Auditor Firm ID 686    
Auditor Location Indianapolis, Indiana    
Entity Central Index Key 0001629019    
Current Fiscal Year End Date --12-31    
Document Fiscal Year Focus 2024    
Document Fiscal Period Focus FY    
Amendment Flag false    
Common Class A      
Document Information      
Title of 12(b) Security Common Stock, without par value    
Trading Symbol MBIN    
Security Exchange Name NASDAQ    
Series B Preferred Stock      
Document Information      
Title of 12(b) Security Depositary Shares, each representing a 1/40th interest in a share of Series B Preferred Stock, without par value    
Trading Symbol MBINO    
Security Exchange Name NASDAQ    
Series C Preferred Stock      
Document Information      
Title of 12(b) Security Depositary Shares, each representing a 1/40th interest in a share of Series C Preferred Stock, without par value    
Trading Symbol MBINN    
Security Exchange Name NASDAQ    
Series D Preferred Stock      
Document Information      
Title of 12(b) Security Depositary Shares, each representing a 1/40th interest in a share of Series D Preferred Stock, without par value    
Trading Symbol MBINM    
Security Exchange Name NASDAQ    
Series E Preferred Stock      
Document Information      
Title of 12(b) Security Depositary Shares, each representing a 1/40th interest in a share of Series E Preferred Stock, without par value    
Trading Symbol MBINL    
Security Exchange Name NASDAQ    
v3.25.0.1
Consolidated Balance Sheets - USD ($)
$ in Thousands
Dec. 31, 2024
Dec. 31, 2023
Assets    
Cash and due from banks $ 10,989 $ 15,592
Interest-earning demand accounts 465,621 568,830
Cash and cash equivalents 476,610 584,422
Securities purchased under agreements to resell 1,559 3,349
Mortgage loans in process of securitization 428,206 110,599
Securities available for sale ($635,946 and $722,497 utilizing fair value option, respectively) 980,050 1,113,687
Securities held to maturity ($1,664,674 and $1,203,535 at fair value, respectively) 1,664,686 1,204,217
Federal Home Loan Bank (FHLB) stock and other equity securities 217,804 48,578
Loans held for sale (includes $78,170 and $86,663 at fair value, respectively) 3,771,510 3,144,756
Loans receivable, net of allowance for credit losses on loans of $84,386 and $71,752, respectively 10,354,002 10,127,801
Premises and equipment, net 58,617 42,342
Servicing rights 189,935 158,457
Interest receivable 83,409 91,346
Goodwill 8,014 15,845
Other assets and receivables 571,330 307,117
Total assets 18,805,732 16,952,516
Deposits    
Noninterest-bearing 239,005 520,070
Interest-bearing 11,680,971 13,541,390
Total deposits 11,919,976 14,061,460
Borrowings 4,386,122 964,127
Deferred tax liabilities 25,289 19,923
Other liabilities 231,035 205,922
Total liabilities 16,562,422 15,251,432
Commitments and Contingencies
Shareholders' Equity    
Common stock, without par value Authorized - 75,000,000 shares Issued and outstanding - 45,767,166 shares at December 31, 2024 and 43,242,928 shares at December 31, 2023 240,313 140,365
Retained earnings 1,330,995 1,063,599
Accumulated other comprehensive loss (133) (2,488)
Total shareholders' equity 2,243,310 1,701,084
Total liabilities and shareholders' equity 18,805,732 16,952,516
7% Series A Preferred Stock    
Shareholders' Equity    
Preferred stock   50,221
6% Series B Preferred Stock    
Shareholders' Equity    
Preferred stock 120,844 120,844
6% Series C Preferred Stock    
Shareholders' Equity    
Preferred stock 191,084 191,084
8.25% Series D Preferred Stock    
Shareholders' Equity    
Preferred stock 137,459 $ 137,459
7.625% Series E Preferred Stock    
Shareholders' Equity    
Preferred stock $ 222,748  
v3.25.0.1
Consolidated Balance Sheets (Parenthetical) - USD ($)
$ in Thousands
3 Months Ended 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2024
Dec. 31, 2024
Dec. 31, 2023
Securities available for sale $ 635,946 $ 635,946 $ 722,497
Securities held to maturity, fair value 1,664,674 1,664,674 1,203,535
Loans held for sale at fair value 78,170 78,170 86,663
Net of allowance for credit losses on loans $ 84,386 $ 84,386 $ 71,752
Stockholders' Equity      
Common stock, shares authorized 75,000,000 75,000,000 75,000,000
Common stock, shares issued 45,767,166 45,767,166 43,242,928
Common stock, shares outstanding 45,767,166 45,767,166 43,242,928
Preferred stock, shares authorized 5,000,000 5,000,000 5,000,000
7% Series A Preferred Stock      
Stockholders' Equity      
Preferred stock, dividend rate (as a percent)     7.00%
Preferred stock liquidation preference (in dollars per share)     $ 25
Preferred stock, shares authorized 0 0 3,500,000
Preferred stock, shares issued 0 0 2,081,800
Preferred stock, shares outstanding 0 0 2,081,800
6% Series B Preferred Stock      
Stockholders' Equity      
Preferred stock, dividend rate (as a percent) 9.42% 6.00% 6.00%
Preferred stock liquidation preference (in dollars per share) $ 1,000 $ 1,000 $ 1,000
Preferred stock, shares authorized 125,000 125,000 125,000
Preferred stock, shares issued 125,000 125,000 125,000
Preferred stock, shares outstanding 125,000 125,000 125,000
Depositary shares 5,000,000 5,000,000 5,000,000
6% Series C Preferred Stock      
Stockholders' Equity      
Preferred stock, dividend rate (as a percent)   6.00% 6.00%
Preferred stock liquidation preference (in dollars per share) $ 1,000 $ 1,000 $ 1,000
Preferred stock, shares authorized 200,000 200,000 200,000
Preferred stock, shares issued 196,181 196,181 196,181
Preferred stock, shares outstanding 196,181 196,181 196,181
Depositary shares 7,847,233 7,847,233 7,847,233
8.25% Series D Preferred Stock      
Stockholders' Equity      
Preferred stock, dividend rate (as a percent)   8.25% 8.25%
Preferred stock liquidation preference (in dollars per share) $ 1,000 $ 1,000 $ 1,000
Preferred stock, shares authorized 300,000 300,000 300,000
Preferred stock, shares issued 142,500 142,500 142,500
Preferred stock, shares outstanding 142,500 142,500 142,500
Depositary shares 5,700,000 5,700,000 5,700,000
7.625% Series E Preferred Stock      
Stockholders' Equity      
Preferred stock, dividend rate (as a percent)   7.625%  
Preferred stock liquidation preference (in dollars per share) $ 1,000 $ 1,000  
Preferred stock, shares authorized 230,000 230,000  
Preferred stock, shares issued 230,000 230,000  
Preferred stock, shares outstanding 230,000 230,000  
Depositary shares 9,200,000 9,200,000  
v3.25.0.1
Consolidated Statements of Income - USD ($)
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2024
Dec. 31, 2023
Dec. 31, 2022
Interest Income      
Loans $ 1,113,397,000 $ 959,714,000 $ 451,973,000
Mortgage loans in process of securitization 14,488,000 12,652,000 8,407,000
Investment securities:      
Available for sale 57,480,000 21,621,000 2,807,000
Held to maturity 90,075,000 69,983,000 12,382,000
FHLB stock and other equity securities (dividends) 9,372,000 2,205,000 1,220,000
Other 17,908,000 11,623,000 4,044,000
Total interest income 1,302,720,000 1,077,798,000 480,833,000
Interest Expense      
Deposits 660,357,000 577,210,000 149,645,000
Short-term borrowings 84,698,000 23,726,000 8,296,000
Long-term borrowings 35,045,000 28,791,000 4,341,000
Total interest expense 780,100,000 629,727,000 162,282,000
Net Interest Income 522,620,000 448,071,000 318,551,000
Provision for credit losses 24,278,000 40,231,000 17,295,000
Net Interest Income After Provision for Credit Losses 498,342,000 407,840,000 301,256,000
Noninterest Income      
Gain on sale of loans 62,275,000 48,183,000 64,150,000
Loan servicing fees, net 43,673,000 26,198,000 30,198,000
Mortgage warehouse fees 5,539,000 7,701,000 5,394,000
Losses on sale of investments available for sale (includes $(108), $0 and $0, respectively, related to accumulated other comprehensive loss reclassifications) (108,000)    
Syndication and asset management fees 19,693,000 12,355,000 9,493,000
Other income 17,040,000 20,231,000 16,701,000
Total noninterest income 148,112,000 114,668,000 125,936,000
Noninterest Expense      
Salaries and employee benefits 130,723,000 108,181,000 89,085,000
Loan expense 3,767,000 3,409,000 4,703,000
Occupancy and equipment 8,991,000 9,220,000 8,169,000
Professional fees 16,229,000 12,704,000 9,065,000
Deposit insurance expense 26,158,000 13,582,000 3,463,000
Technology expense 7,819,000 6,515,000 5,282,000
Credit risk transfer premium expense 6,320,000    
Other expense 23,805,000 20,990,000 16,283,000
Total noninterest expense 223,812,000 174,601,000 136,050,000
Income Before Income Taxes 422,642,000 347,907,000 291,142,000
Provision for income taxes (includes $26, $0 and $0, respectively, of income tax benefit related to accumulated other comprehensive loss reclassifications) 102,256,000 68,673,000 71,421,000
Net Income 320,386,000 279,234,000 219,721,000
Dividends on preferred stock (34,909,000) (34,670,000) (25,983,000)
Impact of preferred stock redemption (1,823,000)    
Net Income Allocated to Common Shareholders $ 283,654,000 $ 244,564,000 $ 193,738,000
Basic Earnings Per Share (in dollars per share) $ 6.32 $ 5.66 $ 4.49
Diluted Earnings Per Share (in dollars per share) $ 6.3 $ 5.64 $ 4.47
Weighted-Average Shares Outstanding      
Basic (in shares) 44,855,100 43,224,042 43,164,477
Diluted (in shares) 45,004,786 43,345,799 43,316,904
v3.25.0.1
Consolidated Statements of Income (Parenthetical) - USD ($)
$ in Thousands
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2024
Dec. 31, 2023
Dec. 31, 2022
Consolidated Statements of Income      
Reclassifications included in gains on sale of investment available for sale $ (108) $ 0 $ 0
Provision for income taxes related to income tax expense for reclassification items $ 26 $ 0 $ 0
v3.25.0.1
Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income - USD ($)
$ in Thousands
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2024
Dec. 31, 2023
Dec. 31, 2022
Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income      
Net Income $ 320,386 $ 279,234 $ 219,721
Other Comprehensive Income (Loss):      
Net unrealized gains/(losses) on investment securities available for sale, net of tax expense/(benefit) of $(712), $(2,750) and $3,022, respectively 2,273 8,033 (9,067)
Add: Reclassification adjustment for losses included in net income, net of tax benefit of $26, $0 and $0, respectively 82    
Other comprehensive income (loss) for the period 2,355 8,033 (9,067)
Comprehensive Income $ 322,741 $ 287,267 $ 210,654
v3.25.0.1
Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Parenthetical) - USD ($)
$ in Thousands
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2024
Dec. 31, 2023
Dec. 31, 2022
Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income      
Net of tax (expense)/ benefits on net change in unrealized gains/(losses) on investment securities available for sale $ (712) $ (2,750) $ 3,022
Net of tax expense on reclassification adjustment for gains include in net income $ 26 $ 0 $ 0
v3.25.0.1
Consolidated Statements of Shareholders' Equity - USD ($)
$ in Thousands
Common stock
Preferred stock
7% Series A Preferred Stock
Preferred stock
6% Series B Preferred Stock
Preferred stock
6% Series C Preferred Stock
Preferred stock
8.25% Series D Preferred Stock
Preferred stock
7.625% Series E Preferred Stock
Retained Earnings
Cumulative Effect, Period of Adoption, Adjustment [Member]
Retained Earnings
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss
Total
Balance beginning of period at Dec. 31, 2021 $ 137,565 $ 50,221           $ 657,149 $ (1,454)  
Balance beginning of period (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2021 43,180,079 2,081,800                
Consolidated Statements of Shareholders' Equity                    
Repurchase of common stock $ (1,761)             (2,174)    
Repurchase of common stock (in shares) (165,037)                  
Distribution to employee stock ownership plan $ 653                  
Distribution to employee stock ownership plan (in shares) 20,709                  
Issuance of stock         $ 137,459          
Issuance of stock (in shares)         142,500          
Shares issued for stock compensation plans, net of taxes withheld to satisfy tax obligations $ 1,325                  
Shares issued for stock compensation plans, net of taxes withheld to satisfy tax obligations (in shares) 77,405                  
Net Income               219,721   $ 219,721
Dividends on 7% Series A preferred stock, $1.75 per share, annually               (3,643)    
Dividends on 6% Series B preferred stock, $60.00 per share, annually               (7,500)    
Dividends on 6% Series C preferred stock, $60.00 per share, annually               (11,772)    
Dividends on 8.25% Series D preferred stock, $82.50 per share, annually               (3,068)    
Dividends on common stock, $0.36 per share, annually in 2024, $0.32 per share, annually in 2023 and $0.28 per share, annually in 2022               (12,084)    
Other comprehensive income (loss)                 (9,067) (9,067)
Cash paid in lieu of fractional shares for stock split $ (1)                  
Cash paid in lieu of fractional shares for stock split (in shares) (29)                  
Balance end of period (Retained Earnings Impact from adoption of ASU) at Dec. 31, 2022             $ (3,648)      
Balance end of period (Accounting Standards Update 2016-02 [Member]) at Dec. 31, 2022             $ (110)      
Balance end of period at Dec. 31, 2022 $ 137,781 $ 50,221 $ 120,844 $ 191,084 $ 137,459     832,871 (10,521) 1,459,739
Balance end of period (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2022 43,113,127 2,081,800 125,000 196,181 142,500          
Consolidated Statements of Shareholders' Equity                    
Distribution to employee stock ownership plan $ 810                  
Distribution to employee stock ownership plan (in shares) 33,293                  
Shares issued for stock compensation plans, net of taxes withheld to satisfy tax obligations $ 1,774                  
Shares issued for stock compensation plans, net of taxes withheld to satisfy tax obligations (in shares) 96,508                  
Net Income               279,234   279,234
Dividends on 7% Series A preferred stock, $1.75 per share, annually               (3,643)    
Dividends on 6% Series B preferred stock, $60.00 per share, annually               (7,500)    
Dividends on 6% Series C preferred stock, $60.00 per share, annually               (11,771)    
Dividends on 8.25% Series D preferred stock, $82.50 per share, annually               (11,756)    
Dividends on common stock, $0.36 per share, annually in 2024, $0.32 per share, annually in 2023 and $0.28 per share, annually in 2022               (13,836)    
Other comprehensive income (loss)                 8,033 8,033
Balance end of period at Dec. 31, 2023 $ 140,365 $ 50,221 $ 120,844 $ 191,084 $ 137,459     1,063,599 (2,488) 1,701,084
Balance end of period (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2023 43,242,928 2,081,800 125,000 196,181 142,500          
Consolidated Statements of Shareholders' Equity                    
Distribution to employee stock ownership plan $ 997                  
Distribution to employee stock ownership plan (in shares) 23,414                  
Issuance of stock $ 97,655         $ 222,748        
Issuance of stock (in shares) 2,400,000         230,000        
Shares issued for stock compensation plans, net of taxes withheld to satisfy tax obligations $ 1,296                  
Shares issued for stock compensation plans, net of taxes withheld to satisfy tax obligations (in shares) 100,824                  
Net Income               320,386   320,386
Dividends on 7% Series A preferred stock, $1.75 per share, annually               (910)    
Dividends on 6% Series B preferred stock, $60.00 per share, annually               (8,669)    
Dividends on 6% Series C preferred stock, $60.00 per share, annually               (11,772)    
Dividends on 8.25% Series D preferred stock, $82.50 per share, annually               (11,756)    
Dividends on 7.625% Series E preferred stock, $76.25 per share, annually               (1,802)    
Dividends on common stock, $0.36 per share, annually in 2024, $0.32 per share, annually in 2023 and $0.28 per share, annually in 2022               (16,258)    
Other comprehensive income (loss)                 2,355 2,355
Redemption of 7% Series A preferred stock   $ (50,221)           (1,823)    
Redemption of 7% Series A preferred stock (in shares)   (2,081,800)                
Balance end of period at Dec. 31, 2024 $ 240,313   $ 120,844 $ 191,084 $ 137,459 $ 222,748   $ 1,330,995 $ (133) $ 2,243,310
Balance end of period (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2024 45,767,166   125,000 196,181 142,500 230,000        
v3.25.0.1
Consolidated Statement of Shareholders' Equity (Parenthetical) - USD ($)
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2024
Dec. 31, 2023
Dec. 31, 2022
Dividends on common stock per share $ 0.36 $ 0.32 $ 0.28
Offering expenses $ 5,500,000 $ 5,500,000 $ 5,500,000
7% Series A Preferred Stock      
Preferred stock, dividend rate (as a percent)   7.00%  
Dividends on preferred stock per share $ 1.75 $ 1.75 $ 1.75
7% Series A Preferred Stock | Preferred stock      
Preferred stock, dividend rate (as a percent) 7.00% 7.00% 7.00%
6% Series B Preferred Stock      
Preferred stock, dividend rate (as a percent) 6.00% 6.00%  
Dividends on preferred stock per share $ 60 $ 60 $ 60
6% Series B Preferred Stock | Preferred stock      
Preferred stock, dividend rate (as a percent) 6.00% 6.00% 6.00%
6% Series C Preferred Stock      
Preferred stock, dividend rate (as a percent) 6.00% 6.00%  
Dividends on preferred stock per share $ 60 $ 60 $ 60
6% Series C Preferred Stock | Preferred stock      
Preferred stock, dividend rate (as a percent) 6.00% 6.00% 6.00%
8.25% Series D Preferred Stock      
Preferred stock, dividend rate (as a percent) 8.25% 8.25%  
Dividends on preferred stock per share $ 82.5 $ 82.5 $ 82.5
8.25% Series D Preferred Stock | Preferred stock      
Preferred stock, dividend rate (as a percent) 8.25% 8.25% 8.25%
Offering costs $ 5,000,000 $ 5,000,000 $ 5,000,000
7.625% Series E Preferred Stock      
Preferred stock, dividend rate (as a percent) 7.625%    
Dividends on preferred stock per share $ 76.25 $ 76.25 $ 76.25
7.625% Series E Preferred Stock | Preferred stock      
Preferred stock, dividend rate (as a percent) 7.625% 7.625% 7.625%
Offering costs $ 7,300,000 $ 7,300,000 $ 7,300,000
v3.25.0.1
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows - USD ($)
$ in Thousands
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2024
Dec. 31, 2023
Dec. 31, 2022
Operating activities:      
Net Income $ 320,386 $ 279,234 $ 219,721
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by (used in) operating activities:      
Depreciation 3,014 2,852 2,485
Provision for credit losses 24,278 40,231 17,295
Deferred income tax, net 4,630 (2,442) 4,731
Loss on sale of securities 108    
Gain on sale of loans (62,275) (48,183) (64,150)
Proceeds from sales of loans 29,369,459 22,136,235 25,773,056
Loans and participations originated and purchased for sale (30,067,696) (22,713,037) (25,342,944)
Proceeds from sale of low-income housing tax credits 25,767 9,334 13,604
Purchases of low-income housing tax credits for sale (96,017) (67,683) (39,699)
Change in servicing rights for paydowns and fair value adjustments (12,808) 3,059 (8,776)
Net change in:      
Mortgage loans in process of securitization (317,607) 43,595 415,045
Other assets and receivables (20,781) (85,181) (37,264)
Other liabilities (12,981) 41,516 20,778
Other 7,245 4,068 1,892
Net cash (used in) provided by operating activities (835,278) (356,402) 975,774
Investing activities:      
Net change in securities purchased under agreements to resell 1,790 115 2,424
Purchases of securities available for sale (784,238) (1,291,874) (51,197)
Purchases of securities held to maturity (155,268) (293,268) (1,252,793)
Purchases of other equity securities (30,000)    
Proceeds from the sale of securities available for sale 9,983 1,516 11,379
Proceeds from calls, maturities and paydowns of securities available for sale 897,336 489,602 13,988
Proceeds from calls, maturities and paydowns of securities held to maturity 229,451 208,129 133,715
Purchases of loans (108,620) (358,462) (551,091)
Net change in loans receivable (671,367) (2,047,806) (1,929,569)
Proceeds from loans held for sale previously classified as loans receivable 77,931 65,768 788,848
Purchase of FHLB stock (139,620) (9,448) (10,326)
Proceeds from sale of FHLB stock 394   784
Purchases of premises and equipment (18,391) (7,528) (6,761)
Purchases of servicing rights     (2,057)
Purchase of limited partnership interests (23,301) (18,762) (14,590)
Net cash paid on sale of branches (170,594)    
Other investing activities 10,239 1,937 4,395
Net cash used in investing activities (874,275) (3,260,081) (2,862,851)
Financing activities:      
Net change in deposits (1,911,648) 3,990,115 1,088,732
Proceeds from borrowings 166,316,878 95,570,319 65,777,538
Repayment of borrowings (162,866,240) (95,700,385) (65,885,100)
Proceeds from notes payable 6,878 64,922 4,000
Repayments on notes payable   (21,000)  
Proceeds from credit linked notes   153,546  
Repayment of credit linked notes (36,319) (34,270)  
Proceeds from issuance of common stock 97,655    
Proceeds from issuance of preferred stock 222,748   137,459
Redemption of preferred stock (52,044)    
Funds disbursed for future redemption of Series B preferred stock (125,000)    
Repurchase of common stock     (3,935)
Dividends (51,167) (48,506) (38,067)
Net cash provided by financing activities 1,601,741 3,974,741 1,080,627
Net Change in Cash and Cash Equivalents (107,812) 358,258 (806,450)
Cash and Cash Equivalents, Beginning of Period 584,422 226,164 1,032,614
Cash and Cash Equivalents, End of Period 476,610 584,422 226,164
Supplemental Cash Flows Information:      
Interest paid 789,047 609,689 140,365
Income taxes paid, net of refunds 79,578 67,388 66,508
Change in ROU assets due to lease renegotiation (1,063)    
ROU assets obtained in exchange for new operating lease liabilities 1,337 1,113 5,535
Transfer of loans to other real estate owned 6,285    
Liabilities accrued for additions in premises and equipment 2,421    
Securities received in securitization of loans sold 534,538    
Beneficial interests received in exchange for LIHTC's sold 38,793    
Transfer of loans from loans held for sale to loans receivable 118,000 377,460  
Transfer of loans from loans receivable to loans held for sale $ 612,469 $ 65,768 $ 788,849
v3.25.0.1
Nature of Operations and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2024
Nature of Operations and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies  
Nature of Operations and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Note 1: Nature of Operations and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Nature of Operations

The accompanying consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Merchants Bancorp, a registered bank holding company (the “Company”) and its wholly owned subsidiaries, Merchants Bank, FMBI (whose branches were sold to unaffiliated third parties and its remaining charter collapsed into Merchants Bank on January 26, 2024), and MAM. Merchants Bank’s primary operating subsidiaries include MCC, MCS, and MCI. All direct and indirectly owned subsidiaries owned by Merchants Bancorp are collectively referred to as the “Company.”

Merchants Bank operates under an Indiana state bank charter and provides full banking services. As a state bank and non-Federal Reserve member, it is subject to the regulation of the IDFI and the FDIC. The Company is further subject to regulations of the Federal Reserve governing bank holding companies. Merchants Bank operates nationally through online banking and from seven depository branches in Indiana, including Lynn, Spartanburg, Richmond, Carmel and Indianapolis. Merchants Bank generates multi-family, commercial, mortgage and consumer loans and also receives deposits from warehouse custodial customers and from retail customers located primarily in Hamilton, Marion, Wayne, Randolph and surrounding counties in Indiana. Merchants Bank’s loans are generally secured by specific items of collateral including real property, consumer assets and business assets. Merchants Bank’s Mortgage Warehousing segment funds and participates in single-family and multi-family, agency eligible loans across the nation.

Prior to the sale of its branches, and merger of its remaining charter into Merchants Bank, on January 26, 2024, FMBI operated under an Illinois state bank charter and provided full banking services. As a state bank and non-Federal Reserve member, it was subject to the regulation of the IDFPR and the FDIC. FMBI operated from four offices located in Joy, Paxton, Melvin, and Piper City, Illinois.

MCC is primarily engaged in mortgage banking, specializing in lending for multi-family rental properties and healthcare facilities. It is an FHA approved mortgagee and a Ginnie Mae, Fannie Mae Affordable, and Freddie Mac issuer. It is also a fully integrated syndicator of low-income housing tax credit and debt funds.

Sale of Farmers-Merchants Bank of Illinois branches

On September 7, 2023, the Company entered into an agreement with Bank of Pontiac to sell its FMBI branch locations in Paxton, Melvin, and Piper City, Illinois, and into an agreement with CBI Bank & Trust, to sell its FMBI branch located in Joy, Illinois.

This transaction enhanced the Company’s ability to focus on its core business of single and multi-family mortgage lending and strategically aligned the branches with institutions that share a similar business model and allowed them to provide additional products to their customers.

On January 26, 2024, the transaction was completed after having met customary closing conditions, including regulatory approval.

In addition to the branches, Bank of Pontiac acquired approximately $164.8 million in deposits and $19.2 million in loans, and CBI Bank & Trust acquired approximately $65.1 million in deposits and $28.6 million in loans.

Total assets and liabilities of approximately $60.8 million and $230.6 million, respectively, were sold. A net gain of $715,000 was recognized from the transaction, which included a $10.1 million deposit premium and the extinguishment of $7.8 million in goodwill and $0.5 million in intangibles in 2024.

Principles of Consolidation

The consolidated financial statements as of and for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022 include results from the Company, and its wholly owned subsidiaries, Merchants Bank, FMBI (until its branches were sold and its bank charter merged into Merchants Bank on January 26, 2024), and MAM. Also included are Merchants Bank’s primary operating subsidiaries, MCC, MCS and MCI, as well as all direct and indirectly owned subsidiaries owned by Merchants Bancorp.

During 2022, Merchants Foundation, Inc., a nonprofit corporation, was incorporated and its results are consolidated with the Company’s consolidated financial statements in all periods presented.

In addition, when the Company makes an equity investment in or has a relationship with an entity for which it holds a variable interest, it is evaluated for consolidation requirements under ASC Topic 810. Accordingly, the Company assesses the entities for potential consolidation as a VIE and would only consolidate those entities for which it is a primary beneficiary. A primary beneficiary is defined as the party that has both the power to direct the activities that most significantly impact the entity, and an interest that could be significant to the entity. To determine if an interest could be significant to the entity, both qualitative and quantitative factors regarding the nature, size and form of the Company’s involvement with the entity are evaluated. Alternatively, under the voting interest model, it would only consolidate those entities for which it has a controlling interest.

In May 2023, the Company acquired a variable interest in an investment for which it is the primary beneficiary of, and its results have been consolidated since the date of acquisition. Additionally, the Company has certain variable interest investments that it was deemed not to be a primary beneficiary of as of December 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023. These VIEs are not consolidated and the equity method or proportional amortization method of accounting has been applied. The Company will analyze whether the primary beneficiary designation has changed through triggering events on a prospective basis. Changes in facts and circumstances occurring since the previous primary beneficiary determination will be considered as part of this ongoing assessment. See Note 12: Variable Interest Entities (VIEs) for additional information about VIEs.

All significant intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.

Use of Estimates

The preparation of consolidated financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates.

Material estimates that are particularly susceptible to significant change relate to the determination of the allowance for credit losses on loans and fair values of servicing rights and financial instruments.

Significant Accounting Policies

Cash and Cash Equivalents

The Company considers all liquid investments with original maturities of three months or less to be cash equivalents. Cash equivalents consist primarily of cash amounts due from depository institutions, interest-bearing deposits in other banks, money market accounts, and federal funds sold. For information on restricted cash see Note 2: Restriction on Cash and Due from Banks.

At December 31, 2024, the Company’s cash accounts exceeded federally insured limits by approximately $461.7 million. Included in this amount is approximately $324.6 million with the Federal Reserve and $93.4 million with the FHLBI, and $1.8 million with the FHLBC.

At December 31, 2023, the Company’s cash accounts exceeded federally insured limits by approximately $564.5 million. Included in this amount is approximately $510.2 million with the Federal Reserve and $5.8 million with the FHLBI, and $156,000 with the FHLBC.

Securities purchased under agreements to resell

Securities purchased pursuant to a simultaneous Reverse Repurchase Agreement to resell the same securities at a specified price and date generally have maturity dates of 90 days or less and are carried at cost. Every 90 days the Reverse Repurchase Agreements rollover.

Mortgage Loans in Process of Securitization

Mortgage loans in process of securitization are recorded at fair value with changes in fair value recorded in earnings. These include multi-family rental real estate loan originations to be sold as Ginnie Mae mortgage-backed securities and Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac participation certificates, all of which are pending settlement with firm investor commitments to purchase the securities, typically occurring within 30 days.

Investment Securities

Securities held to maturity are carried at amortized cost when the Company has the positive intent and ability to hold to maturity. Securities not classified as held to maturity or trading are classified as “available for sale” and recorded at fair value. If fair value option is not elected, unrealized gains and losses are excluded from earnings and reported in other comprehensive (loss). For securities available for sale utilizing the fair value option, the Company measures the securities at fair value and changes are recognized in current period income. The securities are held with the intent that the gains or losses will offset changes in the fair value of other financial instruments. Purchase premiums and discounts are recognized in interest income using the interest method over the terms of the securities. Gains and losses on the sale of securities are recorded on the trade date and are determined using the specific identification method.

Regular assessments are performed on securities available for sale to confirm there are no expected credit losses that would require an allowance for credit losses to be established in accordance with FASB ASU No. 2016-13, Financial Instruments - Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of CECL. Securities held to maturity generally require an allowance for lifetime expected credit losses when the security is purchased. Management considers several factors when making such estimates, including issuer bond ratings, historical loss rates for given bond ratings, the financial condition of the issuer, and whether issuers continue to make timely principal and interest payments under the contractual terms of the securities, among others.

For securities available for sale with an unrealized loss position, the Company evaluates the securities to determine whether the decline in the fair value below the amortized cost basis (impairment) is due to credit-related factors or non-credit related factors. Any impairment that is not credit-related is recognized in AOCL, net of tax. Credit-related impairment is recognized as an ACL for securities available for sale on the consolidated balance sheets, limited to the amount by which the amortized cost basis exceeds the fair value, with a corresponding adjustment to earnings. Accrued interest receivable is excluded from the estimate of credit losses. Both the ACL and the adjustment to net income may be reversed if conditions change. However, if the Company expects, or is required, to sell an impaired security available for sale before recovering its amortized cost basis, the entire impairment amount would be recognized in earnings with a corresponding adjustment to the security’s amortized cost basis. Because the security’s amortized cost basis is adjusted to fair value, there is no ACL in this situation.

For other equity securities, the Company reports the carrying value utilizing the measurement alternative election, reflecting any impairments or other adjustments if observable price changes occur for identical or similar investments of the same issuer.

Loans Held for Sale under Mortgage Banking Activities

The Company uses participation agreements to fund mortgage loans held for sale from closing or purchase until sold to an investor. Under a participation agreement the Company elects to purchase a participation interest of up to 100% in individual loans. The Company shares proportionately in the interest income and the credit risk until the loan is sold to an investor. The Company holds the collateral until it is sent under a bailee arrangement to the investor. Typical investors are large financial institutions or government agencies. These loans are typically carried at the lower of cost or fair value in the aggregate. Net unrealized losses, if any, are recognized through a valuation allowance and included in noninterest income.

For all loans held for sale, interest earned from the time of funding to the time of sale is accrued and recognized as interest income. Gain on loan sales are recorded in noninterest income.

The gain on sale of loans in the statement of income may include placement and origination fees, capitalized servicing rights, trading gains and losses and other related income or expense.

Loans

Loans that management has the intent and ability to hold for the foreseeable future or until maturity or payoff are reported at amortized cost at their outstanding principal balances, adjusted for unearned income, charge-offs, the ACL-Loans, any unamortized deferred fees or costs on originated loans, and unamortized premiums or discounts on purchased loans.

For loans at amortized cost, interest income is accrued based on the unpaid principal balance.

The Company has made a policy election to exclude accrued interest from the amortized cost basis of loans and reports accrued interest separately from the related loan balance in the consolidated balance sheets. Accrued interest on loans totaled $51.9 million and $60.4 million at December 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively.

The Company also elected not to measure an allowance for credit losses for accrued interest receivables. The accrual of interest on loans is discontinued at the time the loan is 90 days past due unless the credit is well-secured and in process of collection. Past-due status is based on contractual terms of the loan. Loans may be placed on nonaccrual or charged off at an earlier date if collection of principal or interest is considered doubtful.

All interest accrued but not collected for loans that are placed on nonaccrual or charged off is reversed against interest income. The interest subsequently collected on these loans is applied to the principal balance until the loan can be returned to an accrual status, which is no less than six months. Loans are returned to accrual status when all the principal and interest amounts contractually due are brought current and future payments are reasonably assured.

For all loan portfolio segments, the Company charges off loans, or portions thereof, when available information confirms that specific loans are uncollectable based on information that includes, but is not limited to, (1) the deteriorating financial condition of the borrower, (2) declining collateral values, and/or (3) legal action, including bankruptcy, that impairs the borrower’s ability to adequately meet its obligations.

For loan modifications, interest income is recognized on an accrual basis at the renegotiated rate if the loan is in compliance with the modified terms.

The Company offers mortgage warehouse repurchase agreements to third parties to fund mortgage loans held for sale from closing until sale to an investor. Under a warehousing arrangement, the Company funds a mortgage loan as secured financing. The warehousing arrangement is secured by the underlying mortgages and a combination of deposits, personal guarantees, and advance rates, and may be cross-collateralized with other loans. The Company typically holds the collateral until it is sent under a bailee arrangement instructing the investor to send proceeds to the Company. Typical investors are large financial institutions or government agencies. Interest earned from the time of funding to the time of sale is recognized as interest income as accrued. Warehouse fees are accrued as noninterest income.

ACL-Loans

The Company adopted CECL on January 1, 2022. CECL replaced the previous “Allowance for Loan and Lease Losses” standard for measuring credit losses on an incurred basis. Upon adoption of CECL, the difference in the two measurements was recorded in the ACL-Loans and retained earnings.

The ACL-Loans is the Company’s estimate of current expected life of loan credit losses. Loans receivable is presented net of the allowance to reflect the principal balance expected to be collected over the contractual term of the loans. This life of loan allowance is established through a provision for credit losses included in net interest income after provision for credit losses as loans are recorded in the financial statements. The provision for a reporting period also reflects increases or decreases in the allowance related to changes in credit loss expectations. Actual credit losses are charged against the allowance when management believes the loan balance, or a portion thereof, is uncollectible. Subsequent recoveries, if any, are credited to the allowance.

The ACL-Loans is evaluated on a regular basis by management and is based upon management’s periodic review of the collectability of the loans considering relevant available information from internal and external sources, including historical experience, the nature and volume of the loan portfolio, adverse situations that may affect the

borrower’s ability to repay, estimated value of any underlying collateral, and prevailing economic conditions. The allowance also incorporates reasonable and supportable forecasts. This evaluation is inherently subjective, as it requires estimates that are susceptible to significant revision as more information becomes available. The level of the ACL-Loans is believed to be adequate to absorb expected future losses in the loan portfolio as of the measurement date.

The ACL-Loans consists of individually evaluated loans and pooled loan components. The Company’s primary portfolio segmentation is by loans with similar risk characteristics. Loans risk graded substandard and worse are individually evaluated for expected credit losses. For individually evaluated loans that are collateral dependent, the Company may use the fair value of the collateral, less estimated costs to sell, as a practical expedient as of the reporting date to determine the carrying amount of an asset and the allowance for credit losses, as applicable. A loan is considered to be collateral dependent when repayment is expected to be provided substantially through the operation or the sale of the collateral when the borrower is experiencing financial difficulty as of the reporting date.

To calculate the ACL-Loans, the portfolio is segmented by loans with similar risk characteristics.

Loan Portfolio Segment

ACL-Loans Methodology

 

Mortgage warehouse repurchase agreements

Remaining Life Method

Residential real estate loans

Discounted Cash Flow

Multi-family financing

Discounted Cash Flow

Healthcare financing

Discounted Cash Flow

Commercial and commercial real estate

Discounted Cash Flow

Agricultural production and real estate

Remaining Life Method

Consumer and margin loans

Remaining Life Method

Loan characteristics used in determining the segmentation include the underlying collateral, type or purpose of the loan, and expected credit loss patterns. The initial estimate of expected credit losses for each segment is based on historical credit loss experience and management’s judgement. Given the Company’s modest historical credit loss experience, peer and industry data was incorporated into the measurement. Expected life of loan credit losses are quantified using discounted cash flows and remaining life methodologies.

Model results are supplemented by qualitative adjustments for risk factors relevant in assessing the expected credit losses within the portfolio segments. These adjustments may increase or decrease the estimate of expected credit losses based upon the assessed level of risk for each qualitative factor.

The models utilized and the applicable qualitative adjustments require assumptions and management judgement that can be subjective in nature. The above measurement approach is also used to estimate the expected credit losses associated with unfunded loan commitments, which also incorporates expected utilization rates.

ACL-OBCEs

The allowance for credit losses on OBCEs is a liability account representing expected credit losses over the contractual period for which the Company is exposed to credit risk resulting from a contractual obligation to extend credit. It is reported in other liabilities on the consolidated balance sheets. No allowance is recognized if the Company has the unconditional right to cancel the obligation. OBCEs primarily consist of amounts available under outstanding lines of credit and letters of credit. For the period of exposure, the estimate of expected credit losses considers both the likelihood that funding will occur, and the amount expected to be funded over the estimated remaining life of the commitment or other off-balance sheet exposure. The likelihood and expected amount of funding are based on historical utilization rates. The amount of the allowance represents management’s best estimate of expected credit losses on commitments expected to be funded over the contractual life of the commitment. The allowance for OBCEs is adjusted through the statement of income as a component of provision for credit loss.

ACL-Guarantees

The allowance for credit losses on ACL-Guarantees is a liability account representing expected credit losses over the contractual period for which the Company is exposed to credit risk, resulting from a reimbursement and security agreement with Freddie Mac. This agreement was associated with the Company’s May 2022 securitization arrangement. The Company agreed to reimburse Freddie Mac for a first loss position in the underlying loan portfolio, not to exceed 12% of the unpaid principal amount of the loans comprising the securitization pool at settlement. The ACL – Guarantee is reported in other liabilities on the consolidated balance sheets and had a remaining balance of $0.8 million as of December 31, 2024. For the period of exposure, the estimate of expected credit losses considers both the likelihood that losses will occur and the amount of losses over the estimated remaining life of the guarantee. The likelihood and expected losses are based on historical loan loss experience from peers, as well as from similar loans in our ACL-Loans, for each class of loans. The amount of the allowance represents management’s best estimate of expected credit losses over the contractual life of the commitment. The ACL - Guarantees is adjusted through the statement of income as a component of provision for credit loss. Also see Note 5: Loans and Allowance for Credit Losses.

Premises and Equipment

Depreciable assets are stated at cost less accumulated depreciation. Depreciation is charged to expense using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the assets.

The estimated useful lives for premises and equipment are as follows:

Buildings

    

7 to 40

years

Leasehold improvements

 

2 to 11

years

Software and intangible assets

4 to 10

years

Furniture, fixtures, and equipment

 

3 to 15

years

Vehicles

 

5

years

Expenditures for property and equipment and for renewals or betterments that extend the originally estimated economic life of the assets are capitalized. Expenditures for maintenance and repairs are charged to expense. When an asset is retired or otherwise disposed of, the cost and accumulated depreciation are removed from the accounts and any gain or loss is included in the results of operations.

Leases

The Company has operating leases for various locations with terms ranging from one to seven years. Operating leases are included in other assets and other liabilities on the consolidated balance sheets and lease expense for lease payments is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term. ROU assets and liabilities are recognized at the lease commencement date based on the present value of lease payments over the term. An ROU asset represents the right to use the underlying asset for the lease term and also includes any direct costs and payments made prior to lease commencement and excludes lease incentives. When an implicit rate is not available, an incremental borrowing rate based on the information available at commencement date is used in determining the present value of the lease payments. The Company elected not to separate non-lease components from lease components for its operating leases. A lease term may include an option to extend or terminate the lease when it is reasonably certain the option will be exercised. Renewal and termination options are considered when determining short-term leases. Leases are accounted for at the individual level.

FHLB Stock and Other Equity Securities

FHLB stock is a required investment for institutions that are members of a FHLB. The required investment in the common stock is based on a predetermined formula, carried at cost and evaluated for impairment.

The Company reports the carrying value of other equity securities utilizing the measurement alternative election, reflecting any impairments or other adjustments if observable price changes occur for identical or similar investments of the same issuer.

Other Real Estate Owned

Assets acquired through, or in lieu of, loan foreclosure are classified as other assets and are initially recorded at fair value less cost to sell at the date of foreclosure, establishing a new cost basis. After foreclosure, valuations are periodically performed by management and the assets are carried at the lower of carrying amount or fair value less cost to sell. Revenue and expenses from operations and changes in the valuation allowance are included in net income or expense from other real estate.

Servicing Rights

Servicing assets are recognized separately when rights are acquired through purchase or through sale of financial assets. Under the servicing assets and liabilities accounting guidance (ASC 860-50), servicing rights resulting from the sale or securitization of loans originated by the Company are initially measured at fair value at the date of transfer. The Company has elected to initially and subsequently measure the servicing rights for loans using the fair value method. Under the fair value method, the servicing rights are carried on the balance sheet at fair value and the changes in fair value are reported in earnings in the period in which the changes occur.

Fair value is based on market prices for comparable mortgage servicing contracts, when available, or alternatively, is based on a valuation model that calculates the present value of estimated future net servicing income. The valuation model is from an independent third party and it incorporates assumptions that market participants would use in estimating future net servicing income, such as the cost to service, the discount rate, the custodial earnings rate, an inflation rate, ancillary income, prepayment speeds, prepayment penalties, and default rates and losses. These variables change from quarter to quarter as market conditions and projected interest rates change, and any change in fair values is recorded to noninterest income.

Servicing fee income is recorded when fees are earned for servicing loans. The fees are based on a contractual percentage of the outstanding principal or a fixed amount per loan and are recorded as income. The change in the fair value of the mortgage-servicing rights is netted against loan servicing fee income.

Goodwill

Goodwill is tested annually for impairment or more frequently if impairment indicators are present. If the implied fair value of goodwill is lower than its carrying amount, a goodwill impairment is indicated and goodwill is written down to its implied fair value. Subsequent increases in goodwill value are not recognized in the financial statements.

Other Assets

Investment in Low-Income Housing Tax Credit Limited Partnerships or LLC

The Company accounts for its investment in affordable housing tax credit limited partnerships or LLCs using the proportional amortization method described in FASB ASU 2014-01, “Investments—Equity Method and Joint Ventures (Topic 323): Accounting for Investments in Low-Income Housing Tax Credit Projects (A Consensus of the FASB Emerging Issues Task Force)”, which was updated in March 2023 and released as FASB ASU 2023-02. Under the proportional amortization method, an investor amortizes the initial cost of the investment to income tax expense in proportion to the tax credits and other tax benefits received and recognizes the net investment performance in the statement of income as a component of income tax expense. The investment in the limited partnerships or LLCs are included in other assets and unfunded commitments are grossed up in other liabilities in the consolidated balance sheets. During the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023, and 2022, the Company sold some of these assets to funds in which it is a general partner and, in some cases, holds a minority interest in the limited partnership or LLC.

Joint Ventures and Equity Method Accounting

The Company accounts for its investments in joint ventures according to ASU 2023-02 – Investments – Equity Method and Joint Ventures (Topic 323): Accounting for Investments in Tax Credit Structures Using the Proportional

Amortization Method. The investment in the limited partnerships or LLCs are included in other assets and unfunded commitments are grossed up in other liabilities on the consolidated balance sheets.

Intangible Assets

Until the sale of its FMBI branches in January 2024, intangible assets, which included licenses and trade names, were amortized over a period ranging from 84 to 120 months using a straight-line method of amortization. Customer list intangible assets were amortized over 21 months using a straight-line method of amortization. Also included were core deposit intangibles that are amortized over a 10-year period using the accelerated sum of the years digits method of amortization. The only intangible asset remaining as of December 31, 2024 is a trade name that is being amortized over 120 months using a straight-line method of amortization. The balance of intangible assets are no longer material and therefore included in other assets. On a periodic basis, the Company evaluates events and circumstances that may indicate a change in the recoverability of the carrying value.

Freestanding Credit Enhancements

Freestanding credit enhancements, such as credit default swaps that qualify for a scope exception under ASC 815 - Derivatives and Hedging, are used to mitigate credit risk on certain loans included in identified reference pools. These instruments are accounted for separately from the loans they protect. The Company does not offset its estimate of expected credit losses with potential recoveries from these enhancements. This ensures that the ACL-Loans reflects the Company's own credit risk exposure. Instead, any expected recoveries are recognized as separate assets and measured using assumptions consistent with the loss estimate for the protected loans. These enhancements are recognized in other assets and other noninterest income when the criteria for recognition are met. The nature, terms, and additional details on these enhancements are described in Note 11: Other Assets and Receivables.

Income Taxes

The Company accounts for income taxes in accordance with income tax accounting guidance (ASC 740, Income Taxes). The income tax accounting guidance results in two components of income tax expense: current and deferred. Current income tax expense reflects taxes to be paid or refunded for the current period by applying the provisions of the enacted tax law to the taxable income or excess of deductions over revenues. The Company determines deferred income taxes using the liability (or balance sheet) method. Under this method, the net deferred tax asset or liability is based on the tax effects of the differences between the book and tax bases of assets and liabilities, and enacted changes in tax rates and laws are recognized in the period in which they occur. Deferred income tax expense results from changes in deferred tax assets and liabilities between periods. Deferred tax assets are reduced by a valuation allowance if, based on the weight of evidence available, it is more likely than not that some portion or all of a deferred tax asset will not be realized.

Uncertain tax positions are recognized if it is more likely than not, based on the technical merits, that the tax position will be realized or sustained upon examination. The term more likely than not means a likelihood of more than 50 percent; the terms examined and upon examination also include resolution of the related appeals or litigation processes, if any. A tax position that meets the more-likely-than-not recognition threshold is initially and subsequently measured as the largest amount of tax benefit that has a greater than 50 percent likelihood of being realized upon settlement with a taxing authority that has full knowledge of all relevant information. The determination of whether or not a tax position has met the more-likely-than-not recognition threshold considers the facts, circumstances and information available at the reporting date and is subject to management’s judgment. With a few exceptions, the Company is no longer subject to U.S. federal, state and local or non-U.S. income tax examinations by tax authorities for years before 2021.

The Company recognizes interest and penalties, if any, as other noninterest expense.

The Company files consolidated income tax returns with its subsidiaries.

Earnings Per Share

Basic earnings per share is the Company’s net income available to common shareholders, which represents net income less dividends paid or payable to preferred stock shareholders and previously capitalized issuance expenses related to preferred share redemptions, if any, divided by the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding during each period. Diluted earnings per share is calculated in the same manner as basic earnings per share, but also reflects the issuance of additional common shares that would have been dilutive if such shares had been outstanding, as well as any adjustment to income that would result from the assumed issuance.

Share-based Compensation Plans

The Company has an equity incentive plan that provides for annual awards of shares to certain members of senior management based upon the Company’s performance and attainment of certain performance goals established by the Board of Directors. Share awards are valued at the estimated fair value on the date of the award and generally vest over three years. Compensation expense for the awards is recognized in the consolidated financial statements ratably over the vesting period.

In 2018, the Compensation Committee of the Board of Directors also approved a plan for non-executive directors to receive a portion of their annual fees in the form of restricted common stock, which has been issued once per year, subsequent to the annual meeting of shareholders. This plan was amended to issue allocated shares on a quarterly basis, beginning after the Company’s 2021 annual meeting of shareholders.

In 2020, the Company established an ESOP to provide certain benefits for all employees who meet certain requirements.

Revenue Recognition

The Company’s principal source of revenue is interest income from loans, investment securities and other financial instruments that are not within the scope of Accounting Standards Codification Topic 606, “Revenue from Contracts with Customers”. The Company has evaluated the nature of its contracts with customers and determined that further disaggregation of revenue from contracts with customers into more granular categories beyond what is presented in the consolidated statements of income was not necessary. Because performance obligations are satisfied as services are rendered and the transaction prices are fixed, there is little judgment involved in applying Topic 606 that significantly affects the determination of the amount and timing of revenue from contracts with customers.

The Company recognizes revenues as they are earned based on contractual terms, as transactions occur, or as services are provided and collectability is reasonably assured.

Interest income on loans is accrued as earned using the interest method based on unpaid principal balances, except for interest on loans in nonaccrual status. Interest on loans in nonaccrual status is recorded as a reduction of loan principal when received.

The Company also earns other noninterest income through a variety of financial and transaction services provided to corporate and consumer clients such as deposit service charges, debit card network fees, safe deposit box rental fees, LIHTC syndication, and asset management fees. Revenue is recorded for noninterest income based on the contractual terms for the service or transaction performed.

Comprehensive Income (Loss)

Comprehensive income consists of net income and other comprehensive income (loss), net of applicable income taxes. Other comprehensive income (loss) and accumulated other comprehensive loss consist of unrealized appreciation (depreciation) on available for sale investment securities and reclassification adjustments for investment gains/(losses) on the sale of available for sale investment securities.

Derivative Financial Instruments

The Company enters into non-hedging designated, derivative financial instruments as part of its interest rate and credit risk management strategies. These derivative financial instruments consist primarily of interest rate locks, forward sale commitments, interest rate swaps, put options, interest rate floor contracts, and credit default swaps. These derivative instruments are recorded on the consolidated balance sheets, as either an asset or liability, at their fair value. Changes in fair value of all derivatives are recognized in noninterest income on the consolidated statements of income with the exception of the credit default swaps that are recognized in noninterest expense on the consolidated statements of income. The Company also offers interest rate swaps to some customers and enters an offsetting contract with a third-party dealer. These derivatives generally work together as an economic interest rate hedge, but the Company does not designate them for hedge accounting treatment. Consequently, changes in fair value of the corresponding derivative financial asset or liability are recorded as either a charge or credit to current earnings during the period in which the changes occurred, typically resulting in no net earnings impact.

New Accounting Pronouncements Not Yet Adopted

The Company continually monitors potential FASB accounting pronouncement and SEC release changes. The following pronouncements and releases have been deemed to have the most applicability to the Company’s consolidated financial statements:

FASB ASU 2023-09 - Income Taxes (Topic 740): Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures

In December 2023, the FASB issued an ASU update that will require public business entity’s disclosures to include a tabular tax rate reconciliation. The update will also require all public entities disclose income tax expense and taxes paid broken down by federal, state, and foreign with a disaggregation for jurisdictions that exceed 5% of income for taxes paid.

The updates in ASU 2023-09 are effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2024. An entity shall apply the ASU on a prospective basis to financial statements for annual periods beginning after the effective date. The Company does not expect it to have a material impact on the Company’s financial position or results of operations.

FASB ASU 2024-03 - Income Statement – Reporting Comprehensive Income – Expense Disaggregation Disclosures (Subtopic 220-40): Disaggregation of Income Statement Expenses

In November 2024, the FASB issued an ASU update which is intended to provide more detailed information about specified categories of expenses (purchases of inventory, employee compensation, depreciation and amortization) included in certain expense captions presented on the face of our consolidated statements of income.

The updates in ASU 2024-03 are effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2026, and interim reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2027. An entity shall apply the ASU on a prospective basis to financial statements for annual periods beginning after the effective date. The Company is continuing to evaluate the impact of adopting this new guidance.

v3.25.0.1
Restriction on Cash and Due From Banks
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2024
Restriction on Cash and Due From Banks  
Restriction on Cash and Due From Banks

Note 2: Restriction on Cash and Due From Banks

On March 26, 2020, the Federal Reserve reduced all banks’ reserve requirements to 0%. The effective reserve requirement has remained at 0% as of December 31, 2024 and 2023.

Included in cash equivalents is an account restricted as collateral for the potential risk of loss on senior credit linked notes issued by the Company in March 2023. The balance of the notes as of December 31, 2024 and 2023 was $87.6 million and $123.9 million. As of December 31, 2024 and 2023, there was $33.5 million and $36.4 million, respectively, in restricted cash held in a separate account included in the total of interest-earning demand accounts on the consolidated balance sheets. Also see Note 14: Borrowings.

v3.25.0.1
Investment Securities
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2024
Investment Securities  
Investment Securities

Note 3: Investment Securities

The amortized cost and approximate fair values, together with gross unrealized gains and losses, of securities available for sale and held to maturity were as follows:

December 31, 2024

Gross

Gross

Amortized

Unrealized

Unrealized

Fair

    

Cost

    

Gains

    

Losses

    

Value

(In thousands)

Securities available for sale:

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

Treasury notes

$

89,898

$

108

$

$

90,006

Federal agencies

 

253,218

 

 

282

 

252,936

Mortgage-backed - Government Agency (2) - multi-family

 

1,162

 

 

 

1,162

Mortgage-backed - Non-Agency residential - fair value option (1)

430,779

430,779

Mortgage-backed - Agency - residential - fair value option (1)

205,167

205,167

Total securities available for sale

$

980,224

$

108

$

282

$

980,050

Securities held to maturity:

Mortgage-backed - Non-Agency - multi-family

$

592,053

$

$

1,162

$

590,891

Mortgage-backed - Non-Agency - residential

526,242

1,871

75

528,038

Mortgage-backed - Non-Agency - healthcare

534,538

374

534,912

Mortgage-backed - Agency - multi-family

11,853

1,020

10,833

Total securities held to maturity

$

1,664,686

$

2,245

$

2,257

$

1,664,674

FHLB and other equity securities (3)

$

217,804

(1)Fair value option securities represent securities which the Company has elected to carry at fair value with changes in the fair value recognized in earnings as they occur.
(2)Agency includes government sponsored entities, such as Fannie Mae, Freddie Mac, Ginnie Mae, FHLB, and FCB.
(3)The Company reports the carrying value utilizing the measurement alternative election, reflecting any impairments or other adjustments if observable price changes occur for identical or similar investments of the same issuer.

December 31, 2023

Gross

Gross

Amortized

Unrealized

Unrealized

Fair

    

Cost

    

Gains

    

Losses

    

Value

(In thousands)

Securities available for sale:

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

Treasury notes

$

129,261

$

45

$

338

$

128,968

Federal agencies

 

250,731

 

 

2,976

 

247,755

Mortgage-backed - Government Agency (2) - multi-family

 

14,465

 

5

 

3

 

14,467

Mortgage-backed - Non-Agency residential - fair value option (1)

485,500

485,500

Mortgage-backed - Agency - residential - fair value option (1)

236,997

236,997

Total securities available for sale

$

1,116,954

$

50

$

3,317

$

1,113,687

Securities held to maturity:

Mortgage-backed - Non-Agency - multi-family

$

719,662

$

$

415

$

719,247

Mortgage-backed - Non-Agency - residential

472,539

973

418

473,094

Mortgage-backed - Agency - multi-family

12,016

822

11,194

Total securities held to maturity

$

1,204,217

$

973

$

1,655

$

1,203,535

(1)Fair value option securities represent securities which the Company has elected to carry at fair value with changes in the fair value recognized in earnings as they occur.
(2)Agency includes government sponsored entities, such as Fannie Mae, Freddie Mac, Ginnie Mae, FHLB, and FCB.

Accrued interest on securities available for sale totaled $4.9 million at December 31, 2024 and $6.7 million at December 31, 2023, respectively, and is excluded from the estimate of credit losses.

Accrued interest on securities held to maturity totaled $5.8 million at December 31, 2024 and $5.8 million at December 31, 2023, respectively, and is excluded from the estimate of credit losses.

The amortized cost and fair value of securities available for sale at December 31, 2024 and 2023, by contractual maturity, are shown below. Expected maturities will differ from contractual maturities because issuers may have the right to call or prepay obligations with or without call or prepayment penalties. Securities not due at a single maturity date are shown separately.

December 31, 2024

Amortized

Fair

    

Cost

    

Value

    

Securities available for sale:

(In thousands)

Within one year

$

89,898

$

90,006

After one through five years

 

253,218

 

252,936

 

343,116

 

342,942

Mortgage-backed - Agency - multi-family

1,162

1,162

Mortgage-backed - Non-Agency residential - fair value option

430,779

430,779

Mortgage-backed - Agency - residential - fair value option

 

205,167

 

205,167

$

980,224

$

980,050

Securities held to maturity:

Mortgage-backed - Non-Agency - multi-family

$

592,053

$

590,891

Mortgage-backed - Non-Agency - residential

526,242

528,038

Mortgage-backed - Non-Agency - healthcare

534,538

534,912

Mortgage-backed - Agency - multi-family

11,853

 

10,833

$

1,664,686

$

1,664,674

During the year ended December 31, 2024, the Company received proceeds of $10.0 million and recognized a net loss of $108,000 from sales of securities available for sale. The $108,000 net loss consisted of $10,000 in gains and $118,000 of losses. During the year ended December 31, 2023, proceeds from sales of securities available for sale were $1.5 million, and the net gain was inconsequential.

The carrying value of securities pledged as collateral, to secure borrowings, public deposits and for other purposes, was $1.5 billion and $1.1 billion at December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.

Certain investments in securities available for sale are reported in the consolidated financial statements at an amount less than their historical cost. The total fair value of these investments at December 31, 2024 and 2023 was $252.9 million (nine positions) and $263.4 million (28 positions), respectively, which is approximately 26%, and 24%, respectively, of the Company’s available for sale investment portfolio.

Certain investments in securities held to maturity are reported in the consolidated financial statements at amortized cost. The amortized cost of these investments that were reported at more than their fair value at December 31, 2024 and 2023 totaled $642.6 million (eight positions) and $779.3 million (eight positions), respectively, which is approximately 39% and 65%, respectively, of the Company’s held to maturity investment portfolio.

The following tables show the Company’s gross unrealized losses and fair value of the Company’s investment securities with unrealized losses for which an ACL has not been recorded, aggregated by investment class and length of time that individual securities have been in a continuous unrealized loss position at December 31, 2024 and 2023:

December 31, 2024

12 Months or

Less than 12 Months

 Longer

Total

Gross

Gross

Gross

Fair

  Unrealized  

      Fair      

Unrealized

Fair

Unrealized

    

Value

    

Losses

    

      Value      

    

Losses

    

Value

    

Losses

(In thousands)

Securities available for sale:

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

Federal agencies

$

252,936

$

282

$

$

$

252,936

$

282

December 31, 2023

12 Months or

Less than 12 Months

Longer

Total

    

    

Gross

    

    

Gross

    

    

Gross

Fair

Unrealized

Fair

Unrealized

Fair

Unrealized

Value

Losses

Value

Losses

Value

Losses

(In thousands)

Securities available for sale:

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

Treasury notes

$

3,052

$

6

$

32,080

$

332

$

35,132

$

338

Federal agencies

60,541

189

167,213

2,787

227,754

2,976

Mortgage-backed - Agency - multi-family

364

1

186

2

550

3

$

63,957

$

196

$

199,479

$

3,121

$

263,436

$

3,317

Allowance for Credit Losses

For securities available for sale with an unrealized loss position, the Company evaluates the securities to determine whether the decline in the fair value below the amortized cost basis (impairment) is due to credit-related factors or noncredit related factors. Any impairment that is not credit-related is recognized in accumulated other comprehensive loss, net of tax. Credit-related impairment is recognized as an ACL for securities available for sale on the balance sheet, limited to the amount by which the amortized cost basis exceeds the fair value, with a corresponding adjustment to earnings. Accrued interest receivable is excluded from the estimate of credit losses. Both the ACL and the adjustment to net income may be reversed if conditions change. However, if the Company expects, or is required, to sell an impaired security available for sale before recovering its amortized cost basis, the entire impairment amount would be recognized in earnings with a corresponding adjustment to the security’s amortized cost basis. Because the security’s amortized cost basis is adjusted to fair value, there is no ACL in this situation.

In evaluating securities available for sale in unrealized loss positions for impairment and the criteria regarding its intent or requirement to sell such securities, the Company considers the extent to which fair value is less than amortized cost, whether the securities are issued by the federal government or its agencies, whether downgrades by bond rating agencies have occurred, and the results of reviews of the issuers’ financial condition, among other factors. Unrealized losses on the Company’s investment securities portfolio have not been recognized as an expense because the securities are of high credit quality, and the decline in fair values is attributable to changes in the prevailing interest rate environment since the purchase date. Fair value is expected to recover as securities reach maturity and/or the interest rate environment returns to conditions similar to when these securities were purchased. There were no credit-related factors underlying unrealized losses on available for sale debt securities at December 31, 2024 and 2023.

Securities held to maturity are primarily comprised of non-agency mortgage-backed senior securities secured by multi-family, single-family or healthcare properties, and agency mortgage-backed securities secured by multi-family properties. The agency securities held to maturity are Ginnie Mae mortgage-backed securities and backed by the full faith and credit of the U.S. government and have an implicit or explicit government guarantee. Accordingly, no allowance for credit losses has been recorded for these securities. As of December 31, 2024, the non-agency securities, including investment grade of $526.2 million and non-rated of $1.1 billion, were purchased under securitization arrangements where a credit loss component was purchased by third party investors. Additional qualitative factors are evaluated, including the timeliness of principal and interest payments under the contractual terms of the securities, as

well as the investment ratings assigned to the securities by third parties and their qualification to be pledged to FHLB as collateral. Accordingly, no allowance for credit losses has been recorded for the non-agency securities.

v3.25.0.1
Mortgage Loans in Process of Securitization
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2024
Mortgage Loans in Process of Securitization.  
Mortgage Loans in Process of Securitization

Note 4: Mortgage Loans in Process of Securitization

Mortgage loans in process of securitization are recorded at fair value with changes in fair value recorded in earnings. These include multi-family rental real estate loan originations to be sold as Ginnie Mae mortgage-backed securities and Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac participation certificates, all of which are pending settlement with firm investor commitments to purchase the securities, typically occurring within 30 days. The aggregate positive fair value adjustment recorded in mortgage loans in process of securitization was $4.1 million and $0.8 million as of December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.

v3.25.0.1
Loans and Allowance for Credit Losses on Loans
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2024
Loans and Allowance for Credit Losses on Loans  
Loans and Allowance for Credit Losses on Loans

Note 5: Loans and Allowance for Credit Losses on Loans

Loan Portfolio Summary

Loans receivable at December 31, 2024 and 2023, include:

December 31, 

December 31, 

    

2024

    

2023

(In thousands)

Mortgage warehouse repurchase agreements

$

1,446,068

$

752,468

Residential real estate(1)

 

1,322,853

 

1,324,305

Multi-family financing

 

4,624,299

 

4,006,160

Healthcare financing

1,484,483

2,356,689

Commercial and commercial real estate(2)(3)

 

1,476,211

 

1,643,081

Agricultural production and real estate

 

77,631

 

103,150

Consumer and margin loans

 

6,843

 

13,700

Loans Receivable

 

10,438,388

 

10,199,553

Less:

 

  

 

  

ACL - Loans

 

84,386

 

71,752

Loans Receivable, net

$

10,354,002

$

10,127,801

(1)Includes $1.2 billion and $1.2 billion of All-in-One© first-lien home equity lines of credit at December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.
(2)Includes $908.9 million and $1.1 billion of revolving lines of credit collateralized primarily by mortgage servicing rights as of December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.
(3)Includes only $18.7 million and $8.4 million of non-owner occupied commercial real estate as of December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.

Risk characteristics applicable to each segment of the loan portfolio are described as follows.

Mortgage Warehouse Repurchase Agreements (MTG WHRA): Under its warehouse program, the Company provides warehouse financing arrangements to approved mortgage companies for their origination and sale of residential mortgage and multi-family loans. Loans secured by mortgages placed on existing 1-4 family dwellings may be originated or purchased and placed through each mortgage warehouse facility.

As a secured repurchase agreement, collateral pledged to the Company secures each individual mortgage until the mortgage company sells the loan in the secondary market. A traditional secured warehouse facility typically carries a base interest rate of the SOFR, or mortgage note rate, and a margin.

Risk is evident if there is a change in the fair value of mortgage loans originated by mortgage companies in warehouse, the sale of which is the expected source of repayment under a warehouse facility. However, the warehouse

customers are required to hedge the change in value of these loans to mitigate the risk, typically through forward sales contracts.

Residential Real Estate Loans (RES RE): Real estate loans are secured by owner-occupied 1-4 family residences. Repayment of residential real estate loans is primarily dependent on the personal income of the borrowers. Credit risk for these loans is driven by the credit rating of the borrowers and property values. First-lien HELOC mortgages included in this segment typically carry a base interest rate of One-Year CMT, plus a margin.

Multi-family Financing (MF FIN): The Company specializes in originating multi-family financing that can be Market Rate or Affordable. The portfolio includes loans for construction, acquisition, refinance, or permanent financing. Loans are typically secured by real estate mortgages, assignment of LIHTCs, and/or equity interest in the underlying properties. All loans are assessed and reviewed at a minimum based on borrower strength/experience, historical property performance, market trends, projected financial performance with regards to intended strategy, and source of repayment. Independent third-party reports are used to ensure legal conformity and support valuations of the assets. Exit strategies and sources of repayment are provided through the secondary market via governmental programs, strategic refinances, LIHTC equity installments, and cashflow from the properties. Repayment of these loans depends on the successful operation of a business or property and the borrower’s cash flows. Credit risk in these loans may be impacted by the creditworthiness of a borrower, property values and the local economy in the related market area. These loans are well-collateralized and underwritten to agency guidelines. Loans included in this segment typically carry a base rate of 30-day SOFR that adjusts on a monthly basis, and a margin. The Company focuses on loan classes that are government backed or can be sold in the secondary market.

Healthcare Financing (HC FIN): The healthcare financing portfolio includes customized loan products for independent living, assisted living, memory care and skilled nursing projects. A variety of loan products are available to accommodate rehabilitation, acquisition, and refinancing of healthcare properties. Credit risk in these loans is primarily driven by local demographics and the expertise of the operators of the facilities. Repayment of these loans may include permanent loans, sales of developed property or an interim loan commitment from the Company until permanent agency-eligible financing is obtained, as well as successful operation of a business or property and the borrower’s cash flows. These loans are well-collateralized and underwritten to agency guidelines. Loans included in this segment typically carry a base rate of 30-day SOFR that adjusts on a monthly basis, and a margin. The Company focuses on loan classes that are government backed or can be sold in the secondary market.

Commercial Lending and Commercial Real Estate Loans (CML & CRE): The commercial lending and commercial real estate portfolio includes loans to commercial customers for use in financing working capital needs, equipment purchases and expansions, as well as loans to commercial customers to finance land and improvements. It also includes lines of credit collateralized by mortgage servicing rights that are assessed for fair value quarterly at the Company’s request. The loans in this category are repaid primarily from the cash flow of a borrower’s principal business operation. Credit risk in these loans is driven by creditworthiness of a borrower and the economic conditions that impact the cash flow stability from business operations. SBA loans are included in this category. Only 1% of total commercial and commercial real estate loans are made up of non-owner occupied commercial real estate loans.

Agricultural Production and Real Estate Loans (AG & AGRE): Agricultural production loans are generally comprised of seasonal operating lines of credit to grain farmers to plant and harvest corn and soybeans and term loans to fund the purchase of equipment. The Company also offers long-term financing to purchase agricultural real estate. Specific underwriting standards have been established for agricultural-related loans including the establishment of projections for each operating-year based on industry-developed estimates of farm input costs and expected commodity yields and prices. Operating lines are typically written for one year and secured by the crop and other farm assets as considered necessary. The Company is approved to sell agricultural loans in the secondary market through the Federal Agricultural Mortgage Corporation and uses this relationship to manage interest rate risk within the portfolio. Agricultural real estate loans included in this segment are typically structured with a one-year ARM, three-year ARM or five-year ARM CMT and a margin. Agriculture production, livestock, and equipment loans are structured with variable rates that are indexed to prime or fixed for terms not exceeding five years.  

Consumer and Margin Loans (CON & MAR): Consumer loans are those loans secured by household assets. Margin loans are those loans secured by marketable securities. The term and maximum amount for these loans

are determined by considering the purpose of the loan, the margin (advance percentage against value) in all collateral, the primary source of repayment, and the borrower’s other related cash flow.

The following tables present, by loan portfolio segment, the activity in the ACL-Loans years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022:

At or For the Year Ended December 31, 2024

  

MTG WHRA

  

RES RE

  

MF FIN

  

HC FIN

CML & CRE

  

AG & AGRE

  

CON & MAR

  

TOTAL

(In thousands)

ACL - Loans

Balance, beginning of period

$

2,070

$

7,323

 

$

26,874

$

22,454

$

12,243

$

619

$

169

$

71,752

FMBI's ACL for loans sold

(55)

(186)

(2)

(92)

(246)

(12)

(593)

Provision for credit losses

 

1,746

 

(1,340)

 

33,674

(10,795)

 

276

 

166

 

(49)

 

23,678

Loans charged to the allowance

 

 

 

(5,282)

(3,095)

 

(2,210)

 

 

 

(10,587)

Recoveries of loans previously charged-off

 

 

14

 

46

 

76

 

 

136

Balance, end of period

$

3,816

$

5,942

$

55,126

$

8,562

$

10,293

$

539

$

108

$

84,386

The Company recorded a total provision for credit losses of $24.3 million for the year ended December 31, 2024. The $24.3 million provision for credit losses consisted of $23.7 million for the ACL-Loans as shown above, $2.2 million for the ACL-OBCEs, net of $1.0 million for the ACL-Guarantees for the release of reserves related to a loan securitization and $0.6 million for the release of FMBI’s ACL-Loans for loans sold.

At or For the Year Ended December 31, 2023

  

MTG WHRA

  

RES RE

  

MF FIN

  

HC FIN

CML & CRE

  

AG & AGRE

  

CON & MAR

  

TOTAL

(In thousands)

ACL - Loans

Balance, beginning of period

$

1,249

$

7,029

 

$

16,781

$

9,882

$

8,326

$

565

$

182

$

44,014

Provision for credit losses

 

821

 

328

 

18,493

12,572

 

5,232

 

54

 

(12)

 

37,488

Loans charged to the allowance

 

 

(34)

 

(8,400)

 

(1,356)

 

 

(1)

 

(9,791)

Recoveries of loans previously charged-off

 

 

 

 

41

 

 

41

Balance, end of period

$

2,070

$

7,323

$

26,874

$

22,454

$

12,243

$

619

$

169

$

71,752

The Company recorded a total provision for credit losses of $40.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2023. The $40.2 million provision for credit losses consisted of $37.5 million for the ACL-Loans as shown above, $2.7 million for the ACL-OBCEs.

For the Year Ended December 31, 2022

  

MTG WHRA

  

RES RE

  

MF FIN

  

HC FIN

CML & CRE

  

AG & AGRE

  

CON & MAR

  

TOTAL

(In thousands)

ACL - Loans

Balance, beginning of year

$

1,955

$

4,170

 

$

14,084

$

4,461

$

5,879

$

657

$

138

$

31,344

Impact of adopting CECL

41

 

275

 

520

139

 

(1,277)

 

(18)

 

21

 

(299)

Provision for credit losses

 

(747)

 

2,588

 

2,177

5,282

 

4,216

 

(74)

 

31

 

13,473

Loans charged to the allowance

 

 

(4)

 

 

(1,238)

 

 

(15)

 

(1,257)

Recoveries of loans previously charged off

 

 

 

 

746

 

 

7

 

753

Balance, end of year

$

1,249

$

7,029

$

16,781

$

9,882

$

8,326

$

565

$

182

$

44,014

The Company recorded a total provision for credit losses of $17.3 million for the year ended December 31, 2022. The $17.3 million provision for credit losses consisted of $13.5 million for the ACL-Loans as shown above, $2.6 million for the ACL-OBCEs, and $1.2 million for the ACL-Guarantees, contingent reserve related to the Freddie Mac-sponsored Q-series securitization transaction.

The below tables present the amortized cost basis and ACL-Loans allocated for collateral dependent loans, which are individually evaluated to determine expected credit losses as of December 31, 2024 and 2023:

December 31, 2024

 

Real Estate

 

Accounts Receivable / Equipment

 

Other

 

Total

 

ACL-Loans Allocation

(In thousands)

RES RE

$

6,153

$

 

$

$

6,153

$

31

MF FIN

 

227,054

 

 

693

 

227,747

 

22,265

HC FIN

73,225

73,225

2,569

CML & CRE

 

8,125

 

1,447

 

629

 

10,201

 

358

AG & AGRE

 

 

6

 

 

6

 

1

Total collateral dependent loans

$

314,557

$

1,453

$

1,322

$

317,332

$

25,224

There were no significant changes in the types of collateral securing the Company’s collateral dependent loans compared to December 31, 2023.

December 31, 2023

 

Real Estate

 

Accounts Receivable / Equipment

 

Other

 

Total

 

ACL-Loans Allocation

(In thousands)

RES RE

$

1,557

$

 

$

3

$

1,560

$

21

MF FIN

46,575

 

 

 

46,575

 

521

HC FIN

73,909

73,909

6,289

CML & CRE

 

146

 

3,603

 

2,684

 

6,433

 

1,132

AG & AGRE

 

147

 

 

 

147

 

1

CON & MAR

 

3

3

Total collateral dependent loans

$

122,334

$

3,603

$

2,690

$

128,627

$

7,964

Internal Risk Categories

The Company evaluates the loan risk grading system definitions and ACL-Loans methodology on an ongoing basis. In adherence with policy, the Company uses the following internal risk grading categories and definitions for loans:

Pass - Loans that are considered to be of acceptable credit quality, and not classified as Special Mention, Substandard or Doubtful. Also included are loans classified as Watch loans, which represent loans that remain sound and collectible but contain elevated risk that requires management’s attention.

Special Mention – Loans classified as Special Mention have potential weaknesses that deserve management’s attention. If left uncorrected, these potential weaknesses may result in deterioration of the repayment prospects for the asset or in the institution’s credit position at some future date. Special Mention loans are not adversely classified and do not warrant adverse classification. Loans with questions or concerns regarding collateral, adverse market conditions impacting future performance, and declining financial trends would be considered for Special Mention.

Substandard - Loans classified as Substandard are inadequately protected by the current net worth and paying capacity of the borrower or of the collateral pledged, if any. Loans so classified must have a well-defined weakness or weaknesses that jeopardize the liquidation of the debt. They are characterized by the distinct possibility that the institution will sustain some loss if the deficiencies are not corrected. When a loan in the form of a line of credit is downgraded to Substandard, it is evaluated for impairment and future draws under the line of credit require the approval of an officer of Senior Credit Officer or above.

Doubtful - Loans classified as Doubtful have all the weaknesses inherent in those classified as Substandard, with the added characteristic that the weaknesses make collection or liquidation in full, on the basis of currently existing facts, conditions, and values, highly questionable and improbable.

The following tables present the credit risk profile of the Company’s loan portfolio based on internal risk rating category and origination year as of December 31, 2024 and 2023:

December 31, 2024

    

2024

    

2023

    

2022

    

2021

    

2020

    

Prior

    

Revolving Loans

Total

(In thousands)

MTG WHRA

Pass

$

$

$

$

$

$

$

1,446,068

$

1,446,068

Total

$

$

$

$

$

$

$

1,446,068

$

1,446,068

Charge-offs

$

$

$

$

$

$

$

$

RES RE

Pass

$

40,363

$

30,750

$

8,212

$

6,181

$

18,712

$

6,210

$

1,206,272

$

1,316,700

Special Mention

Substandard

22

203

5,928

6,153

Total

$

40,363

$

30,750

$

8,234

$

6,181

$

18,712

$

6,413

$

1,212,200

$

1,322,853

Charge-offs

$

$

$

$

$

$

$

$

MF FIN

Pass

$

1,028,288

$

518,320

$

419,723

$

66,787

$

5,460

$

10,456

$

2,109,707

$

4,158,741

Special Mention

88,337

77,700

57,679

238

13,857

237,811

Substandard

18,884

105,553

76,093

2,550

24,667

227,747

Doubtful

Total

$

1,135,509

$

701,573

$

553,495

$

69,337

$

5,460

$

10,694

$

2,148,231

$

4,624,299

Charge-offs

$

$

870

$

4,412

$

$

$

$

$

5,282

HC FIN

Pass

$

460,259

$

112,223

$

466,393

$

$

$

$

234,316

$

1,273,191

Special Mention

32,547

8,900

96,620

138,067

Substandard

13,961

25,600

25,363

8,301

73,225

Total

$

506,767

$

137,823

$

475,293

$

25,363

$

$

$

339,237

$

1,484,483

Charge-offs

$

$

$

$

3,095

$

$

$

$

3,095

CML & CRE

Pass

$

52,323

$

45,999

$

107,451

$

48,903

$

16,264

$

18,216

$

1,172,763

$

1,461,919

Special Mention

2,331

1,633

52

75

4,091

Substandard

40

150

110

8,835

41

1,025

10,201

Doubtful

Total

$

52,363

$

46,149

$

109,892

$

59,371

$

16,264

$

18,309

$

1,173,863

$

1,476,211

Charge-offs

$

$

$

253

$

982

$

$

975

$

$

2,210

AG & AGRE

Pass

$

17,328

$

7,373

$

4,676

$

3,170

$

8,790

$

13,705

$

22,583

$

77,625

Special Mention

Substandard

6

6

Total

$

17,328

$

7,379

$

4,676

$

3,170

$

8,790

$

13,705

$

22,583

$

77,631

Charge-offs

$

$

$

$

$

$

$

$

CON & MAR

Pass

$

326

$

75

$

18

$

9

$

$

4,151

$

2,264

$

6,843

Special Mention

Substandard

Total

$

326

$

75

$

18

$

9

$

$

4,151

$

2,264

$

6,843

Charge-offs

$

$

$

$

$

$

$

$

Total Pass

$

1,598,887

$

714,740

$

1,006,473

$

125,050

$

49,226

$

52,738

$

6,193,973

$

9,741,087

Total Special Mention

$

120,884

$

77,700

$

68,910

$

1,633

$

$

290

$

110,552

$

379,969

Total Substandard

$

32,885

$

131,309

$

76,225

$

36,748

$

$

244

$

39,921

$

317,332

Total Doubtful

$

$

$

$

$

$

$

$

Total Loans

$

1,752,656

$

923,749

$

1,151,608

$

163,431

$

49,226

$

53,272

$

6,344,446

$

10,438,388

Total Charge-offs

$

$

870

$

4,665

$

4,077

$

$

975

$

$

10,587

The table above does not include one multi-family loan, rated as Special Mention, totaling $17.4 million and classified as held for sale at December 31, 2024. The Company did not have any material revolving loans converted to term loans that were not re-underwritten at December 31, 2024.

December 31, 2023

    

2023

    

2022

    

2021

    

2020

    

2019

    

Prior

    

Revolving Loans

    

Total

(In thousands)

MTG WHRA

Pass

$

$

$

$

$

$

$

752,468

$

752,468

Total

$

$

$

$

$

$

$

752,468

$

752,468

Charge-offs

$

$

$

$

$

$

$

$

RES RE

Pass

$

31,011

$

10,086

$

6,573

$

22,725

$

3,298

$

9,340

$

1,239,161

$

1,322,194

Special Mention

59

492

551

Substandard

288

1,272

1,560

Total

$

31,011

$

10,086

$

6,573

$

22,725

$

3,357

$

10,120

$

1,240,433

$

1,324,305

Charge-offs

$

$

$

$

$

$

21

$

13

$

34

MF FIN

Pass

$

1,094,698

$

762,448

$

208,343

$

77,340

$

29,764

$

8,455

$

1,646,445

$

3,827,493

Special Mention

94,973

3,189

8,400

1,477

24,052

132,091

Substandard

11,682

28,360

6,534

46,576

Total

$

1,201,353

$

793,997

$

223,277

$

77,340

$

29,764

$

9,932

$

1,670,497

$

4,006,160

Charge-offs

$

$

8,400

$

$

$

$

$

$

8,400

HC FIN

Pass

$

752,591

$

996,273

$

110,197

$

$

14,563

$

$

351,110

$

2,224,734

Special Mention

35,869

9,520

12,658

58,047

Substandard

25,600

10,625

28,783

8,900

73,908

Total

$

814,060

$

1,016,418

$

138,980

$

$

14,563

$

$

372,668

$

2,356,689

Charge-offs

$

$

$

$

$

$

$

$

CML & CRE

Pass

$

51,110

$

119,386

$

77,316

$

21,154

$

21,088

$

17,066

$

1,328,980

$

1,636,100

Special Mention

292

172

84

548

Substandard

70

1,701

878

62

3,672

6,383

Doubtful

50

50

Total

$

51,110

$

119,456

$

79,309

$

22,204

$

21,150

$

17,200

$

1,332,652

$

1,643,081

Charge-offs

$

$

496

$

274

$

586

$

$

$

$

1,356

AG & AGRE

Pass

$

16,850

$

9,825

$

6,490

$

14,267

$

5,237

$

16,606

$

33,728

$

103,003

Special Mention

Substandard

147

147

Total

$

16,850

$

9,825

$

6,490

$

14,267

$

5,237

$

16,753

$

33,728

$

103,150

Charge-offs

$

$

$

$

$

$

$

$

CON & MAR

Pass

$

748

$

4,329

$

247

$

115

$

27

$

4,339

$

3,862

$

13,667

Special Mention

15

15

30

Substandard

3

3

Total

$

748

$

4,329

$

247

$

130

$

42

$

4,342

$

3,862

$

13,700

Charge-offs

$

$

$

$

$

$

1

$

$

1

Total Pass

$

1,947,008

$

1,902,347

$

409,166

$

135,601

$

73,977

$

55,806

$

5,355,754

$

9,879,659

Total Special Mention

$

130,842

$

12,709

$

8,692

$

187

$

74

$

2,053

$

36,710

$

191,267

Total Substandard

$

37,282

$

39,055

$

37,018

$

878

$

62

$

438

$

13,844

$

128,577

Total Doubtful

$

$

$

$

$

$

50

$

$

50

Total Loans

$

2,115,132

$

1,954,111

$

454,876

$

136,666

$

74,113

$

58,347

$

5,406,308

$

10,199,553

Total Charge-offs

$

$

8,896

$

274

$

586

$

$

22

$

13

$

9,791

The Company did not have any material revolving loans converted to term loans that were not re-underwritten at December 31, 2023.

Delinquent Loans

The following tables present the Company’s loan portfolio aging analysis of the recorded investment in loans as of December 31, 2024 and 2023.

December 31, 2024

    

30-59 Days

    

60-89 Days

    

90+ Days

    

Total

    

    

Total

Past Due

Past Due

Past Due

Past Due

Current

Loans

(In thousands)

MTG WHRA

$

 

$

$

$

$

1,446,068

$

1,446,068

RES RE

 

1,294

 

3,797

 

2,339

 

7,430

 

1,315,423

 

1,322,853

MF FIN

 

8,497

 

11,148

 

201,508

 

221,153

 

4,403,146

 

4,624,299

HC FIN

 

 

59,264

 

59,264

 

1,425,219

 

1,484,483

CML & CRE

 

596

 

688

 

3,047

 

4,331

 

1,471,880

 

1,476,211

AG & AGRE

 

73

 

 

12

 

85

 

77,546

 

77,631

CON & MAR

 

 

 

 

 

6,843

 

6,843

$

10,460

$

15,633

$

266,170

$

292,263

$

10,146,125

$

10,438,388

The table above does not include one multi-family loan of $30.1 million and two residential real estate loans totaling $2.1 million, 30-59 days past due, and one residential real estate loan of $0.1 million, 90+ days past due, classified as held for sale at December 31, 2024.

December 31, 2023

    

30-59 Days

  

60-89 Days

  

90+ Days

  

Total

  

  

Total

Past Due

Past Due

Past Due

Past Due

Current

Loans

(In thousands)

MTG WHRA

$

 

$

$

$

$

752,468

$

752,468

RES RE

 

4,557

 

 

2,379

 

6,936

 

1,317,369

 

1,324,305

MF FIN

 

38,218

 

11,055

 

39,609

 

88,882

 

3,917,278

 

4,006,160

HC FIN

 

47,275

 

35,999

 

83,274

 

2,273,415

 

2,356,689

CML & CRE

 

172

 

393

 

3,665

 

4,230

 

1,638,851

 

1,643,081

AG & AGRE

 

27

 

11

 

147

 

185

 

102,965

 

103,150

CON & MAR

 

1

 

3

 

18

 

22

 

13,678

 

13,700

$

42,975

$

58,737

$

81,817

$

183,529

$

10,016,024

$

10,199,553

The above tables do not include one multi-family loan, 30-59 days past due, classified as held for sale at December 31, 2023, totaling $16.5 million.

Nonperforming Loans

Nonaccrual loans, including modified loans to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty that have not met the six-month minimum performance criterion, are reported as nonperforming loans. For all loan classes, it is the Company’s policy to have any modified loans which are on nonaccrual status prior to being modified, remain on nonaccrual status until six months of satisfactory borrower performance, at which time management would consider its return to accrual status. A loan is generally classified as nonaccrual when the Company believes that receipt of principal and interest is doubtful under the terms of the loan agreement. Generally, this is at 90 days or more past due. The amount of interest income recognized on nonaccrual financial assets was inconsequential during the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023.

The following table presents the Company’s nonaccrual loans and loans past due 90 days or more and still accruing at December 31, 2024 and 2023.

December 31, 

December 31, 

2024

2023

Total Loans >

Total Loans >

90 Days &

90 Days &

    

Nonaccrual

    

Accruing

    

Nonaccrual

    

Accruing

(In thousands)

RES RE

$

6,154

$

$

1,486

$

894

MF FIN

 

201,508

 

 

39,608

 

HC FIN

69,001

 

 

28,783

 

7,216

CML & CRE

 

3,047

 

3,820

43

AG & AGRE

 

6

 

6

 

147

 

CON & MAR

 

 

 

3

 

15

$

279,716

$

6

$

73,847

$

8,168

The table above does not include one residential real estate loan, classified as held for sale, on nonaccrual at December 31, 2024, totaling $0.1 million.

The Company did not have any nonperforming loans without an estimated ACL at December 31, 2024 or 2023.

Modifications to Borrowers Experiencing Financial Difficulty

Occasionally, the Company modifies loans to borrowers in financial difficulty by providing principal forgiveness, term extension, an other-than-insignificant payment delay, or interest rate reduction. In some cases, the Company provides multiple types of modifications on one loan. Typically, one type of modification, such as a term extension, is granted initially. If the borrower continues to experience financial difficulty, another modification, such as principal forgiveness, may be granted, but is rare.

The following table presents the amortized cost basis of loans at December 31, 2024 and 2023 that were both experiencing financial difficulty and modified during the year ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, by class and by type of modification. The percentage of the amortized cost basis of loans that were modified to borrowers in financial distress as compared to the amortized cost basis of each class of financing receivable is also presented below:

December 31, 2024

December 31, 2023

    

Payment Delay

    

Term Extension

    

Total Class of Financing Receivable

    

% of Total Class of Financing Receivable

Payment Delay

    

Term Extension

    

Total Class of Financing Receivable

    

% of Total Class of Financing Receivable

(In thousands)

(In thousands)

MF FIN

 

$

40,398

 

$

51,786

 

$

92,184

 

2

%

$

 

$

 

$

 

%

HC FIN

9,737

4,224

13,961

1

%

%

CML & CRE

%

3,553

3,553

%

Total

$

50,135

$

56,010

$

106,145

1

%

$

3,553

$

$

3,553

%

The following table describes the financial effect of the modifications made to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty. Loans with risk classifications of Pass and Special Mention were part of the pooled loan ACL analysis. Loans classified as Substandard or worse were individually evaluated for impairment and specific reserves were established, if applicable. During the year ended December 31, 2024, no specific reserves were recorded on troubled loan modifications disclosed herein. The Company has committed to lend no additional amounts to the borrowers included in the table below.

December 31, 2024

Term Extension

Payment Delay

Loan Type

Financial Effect

Financial Effect

MF FIN

Added a weighted average 23 months to the life of loans.

Forbearance average of 7 months.

HC FIN

Added a weighted average 12 months to the life of loans.

Forbearance average of 6 months.

December 31, 2023

Term Extension

Payment Delay

Loan Type

Financial Effect

Financial Effect

CML & CRE

Forbearance average of 12 months.

The Company closely monitors the performance of loans that are modified to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty to understand the effectiveness of its modification efforts. The following table presents the performance of such loans that have been modified in the last twelve months as of December 31, 2024:

    

    

    

30 - 89 Days

    

90+ Days

    

Total

Current

Past Due

Past Due

Loans

(In thousands)

MF FIN

$

78,519

$

13,665

$

$

92,184

HC FIN

13,961

13,961

Total

$

78,519

$

27,626

$

$

106,145

Multi-family loans totaling $23.4 million that had prior forbearance modifications defaulted during the year ended December 31, 2024.

Foreclosures

There were $1.9 million and no residential loans in process of foreclosure as of December 31, 2024 and 2023.

Significant Loan Sales

Freddie Mac Q Series Securitization –2024 Activity

On April 30, 2024, the Company completed a $324.6 million securitization of 13 multi-family mortgage loans through a Freddie Mac-sponsored Q-Series transaction. The transfer of these loans was accounted for as a sale for financial reporting purposes, in accordance with ASC 860, and a $1.4 million gain on sale was recognized. The Company was retained as the mortgage sub-servicer for Freddie Mac on the entire $324.6 million pool of loans. Beyond sub-servicing the loans, the Company’s ongoing involvement in this transaction is limited to customary obligations of loan sales, including any material breach in representation. In connection with this transaction, a mortgage servicing right of $1.3 million was established.

Loan Sale and Securitization - 2024 Activity

On September 26, 2024, the Company completed a private securitization by which a $628.9 million portfolio of healthcare bridge loans were sold into a real estate mortgage investment conduit (“REMIC”) and ultimately sold to investors as securities. The Company retained a senior security for a total of $534.5 million and classified it as a security held to maturity. An unaffiliated, third-party institutional investor purchased the remaining subordinate interests and maintains the first-loss position on 15.0% of the losses in the loan portfolio. This transaction provided the Company an avenue to enhance capital efficiency and minimize credit risk on the balance sheet.

As part of the securitization transaction, the Company will be both Master Servicer and Special Servicer of the loans. As Master Servicer and Special Servicer, the Company will have obligations to collect and remit payments of principal and interest, manage payments of taxes and insurance, and otherwise administer the underlying loans.

Beyond servicing the loans, the Company’s ongoing involvement in this transaction is limited to customary obligations of loan sales, including any material breach in representation. In connection with the securitization, the Company received proceeds on loans, net of the acquired securities, of $94.0 million. No allowance for credit losses was recognized in connection with purchase of the security, in accordance with ASC 326. However, the $4.4 million allowance for credit losses associated with the loans sold was released through the provision for credit losses.

The transfer of these loans was accounted for as a sale for financial reporting purposes, in accordance with ASC 860, and a $0.6 million net loss on sale was recognized.

Freddie Mac Q Series Securitization - 2023 Activity

On August 31, 2023, the Company completed a $303.6 million securitization of 11 multi-family mortgage loans through a Freddie Mac-sponsored Q-Series transaction. The transfer of these loans was accounted for as a sale for financial reporting purposes, in accordance with ASC 860, and a $60,000 loss on sale was recognized. The Company was retained as the mortgage sub-servicer for Freddie Mac on the entire $303.6 million pool of loans. Beyond sub-servicing the loans, the Company’s ongoing involvement in this transaction is limited to customary obligations of loan sales, including any material breach in representation. In connection with this transaction, a mortgage servicing right of $1.5 million was established.

Loans Purchased

The Company purchased $108.6 million and $358.5 million of loans during the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.

Loan Guarantees

The Company holds instruments, in the normal course of business with customers, that are considered financial guarantees. Standby letters of credit guarantees are issued in connection with agreements made by customers to counterparties. Standby letters of credit are contingent upon failure of the customer to perform the terms of the underlying contract. Credit risk associated with the standby letters of credit is essentially the same as that associated with extending loans to customers and is subject to normal credit policies. The terms of these standby letters of credit range from less than one to nine years. These commitments are not recorded in the consolidated financial statements. The total for these guarantees at December 31, 2024 and 2023 was $204.7 million and $129.7 million, respectively.

v3.25.0.1
Premises and Equipment
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2024
Premises and Equipment  
Premises and Equipment

Note 6: Premises and Equipment

Major classifications of premises and equipment, stated at cost, are as follows:

December 31, 

    

2024

    

2023

(In thousands)

Land

$

8,016

$

8,099

Buildings

 

28,200

 

29,291

Building and remodeling in progress

 

20,453

 

2,489

Leasehold improvements

 

1,017

 

352

Furniture, fixtures, equipment and software

 

14,335

 

13,321

Total cost

 

72,021

 

53,552

Accumulated depreciation

 

(13,404)

 

(11,210)

Net premises and equipment

$

58,617

$

42,342

Depreciation expense of $3.0 million, $2.9 million and $2.5 million was recorded for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022, respectively.

The Company had an outstanding construction commitment related to expanding its headquarters of $7.9 million as of December 31, 2024.

v3.25.0.1
Loan Servicing
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2024
Loan Servicing  
Loan Servicing

Note 7: Loan Servicing

Mortgage and SBA loans serviced for others are not included on the accompanying consolidated balance sheets and include multi-family, single-family and SBA loans sold in the secondary market. The risks inherent in servicing assets relate primarily to changes in prepayments that result from shifts in interest rates. Call protection is in place on certain multi-family loans to deter from prepayments on a 10-year sliding scale. The Company’s total servicing portfolio, primarily managed in the Multi-family Mortgage Banking segment, had an unpaid principal balance of $29.0 billion and $26.0 billion as of December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. Included in the December 31, 2024 and 2023 amounts, respectively, were unpaid principal balances of loans serviced for others of $17.6 billion and $15.3 billion, an unpaid principal balance of loans sub-serviced for others of $3.0 billion and $2.1 billion, and other servicing balances of $784.8 million and $721.1 million. The Company also manages $7.5 billion and $7.9 billion of loans for customers that have loans on the balance sheet at December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. The servicing portfolio is primarily Ginnie Mae, Fannie Mae, and Freddie Mac loans and is a significant source of our noninterest income and deposits.

The following summarizes the activity in servicing rights measured using the fair value method for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023, and 2022:

For the Year Ended

December 31, 

    

2024

2023

    

2022

 

(In thousands)

Balance, beginning of period

$

158,457

$

146,248

$

110,348

Purchased servicing

 

 

513

 

Originated servicing

 

18,670

 

14,755

 

27,124

Paydowns

 

(9,901)

 

(7,621)

 

(10,985)

Changes in fair value due to changes in valuation inputs or assumptions used in the valuation model

 

22,709

 

4,562

 

19,761

Balance, end of period

$

189,935

$

158,457

$

146,248

Contractually specified servicing fees for retained, purchased and sub-serviced loans were $30.9 million, $29.3 million, and $21.4 million for years ended December 31, 2024, 2023, and 2022, respectively.

In connection with certain loan servicing and sub-servicing agreements, the Company is to reconcile the payments received monthly on these loans, for principal and interest, taxes, insurance, and replacement reserves. The

funds are required to be maintained in separate trust accounts and not commingled with the Company’s general operating funds. At December 31, 2024 and 2023, the Company held restricted escrow funds for these loans at the Bank or other financial institution, amounting to $1.5 billion and $1.3 billion, respectively.

v3.25.0.1
Goodwill
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2024
Goodwill.  
Goodwill

Note 8: Goodwill

Goodwill was $8.0 million and $15.8 million as of December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. The Company sold its FMBI branches in January 2024, resulting in the extinguishment of associated goodwill. As of December 31, 2024, the Company’s market capitalization exceeded its book value, despite stock market volatility, interest rates fluctuations and inflation concerns. Goodwill represents the amount by which the cost of an acquisition exceeded the fair value of net assets acquired. Goodwill is tested for impairment annually, or more frequently if events and circumstances exist that indicate a goodwill impairment test should be performed. Based upon management’s assessment and evaluation of goodwill at year-end, the likelihood that an impairment of the current carrying amount of goodwill has occurred is considered remote.

2024

2023

2022

Multi-family

    

Banking

    

Warehouse

    

Total

    

Multi-family

    

Banking

    

Warehouse

    

Total

    

Multi-family

    

Banking

    

Warehouse

    

Total

(In thousands)

(In thousands)

(In thousands)

Balance, beginning of period

$

3,791

$

8,353

$

3,701

$

15,845

$

3,791

$

8,353

$

3,701

$

15,845

$

3,791

$

8,353

$

3,701

$

15,845

Sale of FMBI branches

(7,831)

(7,831)

Balance, end of period

$

3,791

$

522

$

3,701

$

8,014

$

3,791

$

8,353

$

3,701

$

15,845

$

3,791

$

8,353

$

3,701

$

15,845

v3.25.0.1
Qualified Affordable Housing and Other Tax Credits
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2024
Qualified Affordable Housing and Other Tax Credits  
Qualified Affordable Housing and Other Tax Credits

Note 9: Qualified Affordable Housing and Other Tax Credits

The Company invests in LIHTC limited liability partnerships and LLCs. The primary purpose of these investments is to earn an adequate return of capital through the receipt of low-income housing tax credits. Those investments are recorded at cost and then amortized using the proportional amortization method. The investments are included in other assets on the consolidated balance sheets, with any unfunded commitments included in other liabilities. The investments are amortized as a component of income tax expense.

The Company also has a pool of investments that are held for sale and are accounted for at the lower of cost or market. These investments include projects that are awaiting syndication in LIHTC funds through our MCI subsidiary. The investments are included in other assets on the consolidated balance sheets.

The Company is the primary beneficiary in one of its joint venture investments, therefore the results of this entity are consolidated and the benefits of the new market fund are recognized through tax credits as a component of income tax expense.

December 31, 2024

December 31, 2023

(In thousands)

Investment

Accounting Method

Investment

Unfunded Commitments

Investment

Unfunded Commitments

LIHTC

Proportional amortization

$

123,574

$

93,929

$

78,718

$

61,411

LIHTC (1)

Lower of cost or market

56,533

52,675

LIHTC subtotal

$

180,107

$

93,929

$

131,393

$

61,411

Joint Venture

Consolidated

10,937

11,000

Total

$

191,044

$

93,929

$

142,393

$

61,411

(1) LIHTC projects held for future syndication.

The following table summarizes the amortization expense and tax credits recognized for the Company’s low-income housing investments for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023, and 2022.

December 31,

2024

2023

2022

(In thousands)

Amortization expense

$

10,430

$

7,949

$

2,134

Expected tax credits

12,114

8,416

2,077

There was an obligation of $93.9 million and $61.4 million reflected in the investment balances and liabilities at December 31, 2024 and 2023.

The Company serves as a general partner for several syndicated low-income housing tax credit funds that are owned by one investor, holding 99.99% of the funds, as a limited partner. The general partner provided services during 2024, such as formation of the funds and identifying or acquiring tax credit investments during 2024, for which it expects to receive fees in the future, up to approximately $19.3 million. The amount of payments to be received by the general partner is contingent upon achieving certain performance obligations, including the stabilization of the properties and delivery of tax credits to the limited partner in the future, which could extend out until 2042. Due to the long-term nature of the agreement, amounts to be received, and the uncertainty of achieving the performance obligation, variable consideration and revenue recognition has been 100% constrained as of December 31, 2024. Revenue recognition will be continuously evaluated as facts and circumstances evolve. The Company has also advanced these LIHTC funds $98.8 million as of December 31, 2024 and $29.9 million as of December 31, 2023 to acquire its LIHTC investment projects, for which it expects repayment over a similar period. These advances have been recorded in other assets on the consolidated balance sheets and remain subject to evaluation under the CECL model. After considering the likelihood of credit losses it was concluded that no allowance was necessary.

 

v3.25.0.1
Leases
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2024
Leases.  
Leases

Note 10: Leases

The Company has operating leases for various locations with terms ranging from one to seven years. Some operating leases include options to extend. The extensions were included in the right-of-use asset if the likelihood of extension was reasonably certain. The Company elected not to separate non-lease components from lease components for its operating leases.

The Company has operating lease right-of-use assets of $8.3 million and $10.1 million as of December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively, and operating lease right-of-use liabilities of $9.3 million and $11.3 million as of December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.

Supplemental balance sheet information related to leases is presented in the table below as of December 31, 2024 and 2023:

December 31, 2024

December 31, 2023

Balance Sheet

(In thousands)

    

Operating lease right-of-of use asset (in other assets)

$

8,332

$

10,060

Operating lease liability (in other liabilities)

9,303

11,251

Weighted average remaining lease term (years)

4.6

6.0

Weighted average discount rate

3.43%

2.89%

The table below presents the components of lease expenses for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022:

Twelve Months Ended

Twelve Months Ended

Twelve Months Ended

December 31, 2024

December 31, 2023

December 31, 2022

Statement of Income

(In thousands)

Components of lease expense:

Operating lease cost (in occupancy and equipment expense)

$

2,692

$

2,438

$

2,033

Supplemental cash flow information related to leases is presented in the tables below.

Maturities of operating lease liabilities:

As of December 31, 2024

One year or less

$

2,321

Year two

2,293

Year three

2,203

Year four

1,597

Year five

1,101

Thereafter

547

Total future minimum lease payments

$

10,062

Less: imputed interest

759

Total

$

9,303

Twelve Months Ended

Twelve Months Ended

Twelve Months Ended

December 31, 2024

December 31, 2023

December 31, 2022

Statement of Cash Flow

(In thousands)

Supplemental cash flow information:

Operating cash flows from operating leases

$

2,505

$

2,129

$

1,461

v3.25.0.1
Other Assets and Receivables
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2024
Other Assets and Receivables.  
Other Assets and Receivables

Note 11: Other Assets and Receivables

The following items are included in other assets and receivables on the consolidated balance sheets.

Other Prepaid Expense

The Company had $130.8 million in prepaid assets at December 31, 2024, an increase of $127.0 million from December 31, 2023. As of December 31, 2024, the Company had to pay $125.0 million to its transfer agent to redeem shares of preferred stock on January 2, 2025. This resulted in a prepaid asset.

Joint Ventures

The Company has investments in various joint ventures totaling $42.2 million and $41.2 million at December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. These investments are primarily made of up of investments in debt funds totaling $31.8 million and $33.2 million at December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. The Company was not a primary beneficiary in any of these joint venture investments. Results from the entities are not required to be consolidated and are accounted for under the equity method of accounting. The Company is obligated to make additional investments over the next several years. There was an obligation of $3.8 million and $4.0 million reflected in the investment balance and liabilities at December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. See Note 12: Variable Interest Entities (VIEs) for additional information about VIE’s.

Intangibles

Core deposit and other intangibles are recorded on the acquisition date of an entity. The Company has one year after the acquisition date to record subsequent adjustments for provisional amounts recorded at the acquisition date. The carrying basis and accumulated amortization of recognized core deposit and other intangibles are noted below.

    

2024

     

2023

     

2022

Gross

    

   

Sale of

Gross

    

    

    

Gross

    

    

Carrying

Accumulated

FMBI

Carrying

Accumulated

Carrying

Accumulated

Amount

Amortization

branches

Total

    

Amount

Amortization

Total

    

Amount

Amortization

Total

(In thousands)

(In thousands)

(In thousands)

Licenses

$

123

$

(123)

$

$

$

1,370

$

(1,247)

$

123

$

1,370

$

(1,052)

$

318

Trade names

224

(165)

59

224

(143)

81

224

(120)

104

Core deposit intangible

538

(538)

2,417

(1,879)

538

2,417

(1,653)

764

Total intangible assets

$

885

$

(288)

$

(538)

$

59

$

4,011

$

(3,269)

$

742

$

4,011

$

(2,825)

$

1,186

Estimated amortization expense for future years is as follows (in thousands):

Year ending December 31,

    

2025

$

23

2026

22

2027

14

2028

2029

Thereafter

Total

$

59

Freestanding Credit Enhancements

In December 2024, Company executed a CDS on a reference pool of warehouse loans with an initial principal balance of $1.2 billion. The initial pool consists of warehouse participation certificates, classified as loans held for sale, but could include warehouse repurchase agreements, classified as loans receivable, in the future. The protected tranche will cover the first 12.5% of losses on the notional amount. Annual CDS premium payments will equal 0.8% of the portfolio notional amount and be recorded as noninterest expense. Merchants will continually replenish maturing or non-renewing loans with substantially similar loans subject to mutual agreement of buyer and seller during a replenishment period, subject to a minimum balance of 1.2 million and a maximum balance of 2.0 million. The risk transfer agreement has a replenishment period of 36 months but can be extended to a maximum of 48 months.

The CDS will not be accounted for as a derivative. A scope exception within “ASC 815 – Derivatives and Hedging” for certain financial guarantees will be utilized, as recovery payments are contingent on the failure of the debtor to pay their past due obligations, which are preconditions to the guarantee. Accordingly, the CDS has been accounted for as a freestanding credit enhancement and does not offset the Company’s estimate of expected credit losses. Therefore, the ACL-loans will continue to be recorded without considering potential recoveries from freestanding credit enhancement contracts. Upon initial execution, there was no CDS recovery asset established because the loans in the pool were participation certificates that were classified as loans held for sale and carry no ACL-loans. In future periods, if repurchase agreements are in the pool, which are classified as loans receivable, a CDS recovery asset would be established in other assets, with an equal benefit to CDS recovery income in other noninterest income for the protected portion of the amounts included in the ACL-loans. The recovery asset and recovery income accounts will be adjusted as the ACL-loans is adjusted for changes in loss expectations.

Qualified Affordable Housing and Leases

Other items included in other assets and receivables on the consolidated balance sheets are disclosed elsewhere or are not individually significant. See Note 9: Qualified Affordable Housing and Other Tax Credits and Note 10: Leases for further information.

v3.25.0.1
Variable Interest Entities (VIEs)
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2024
Variable Interest Entities (VIEs)  
Variable Interest Entities (VIEs)

Note 12: Variable Interest Entities (VIEs)

A VIE is a corporation, partnership, limited liability company, or any other legal structure used to conduct activities or hold assets generally that either:

Does not have equity investors with voting rights that can directly or indirectly make decisions about the entity’s activities through those voting rights or similar rights; or

Has equity investors that do not provide sufficient equity for the entity to finance its activities without additional subordinated financial support.

The Company has invested in single-family, multi-family, and healthcare debt financing entities, as well as low-income housing syndicated funds that are deemed to be VIEs. The Company also has deemed REMIC trusts as VIEs that were established in conjunction with multi-family and healthcare loan sales and securitization transactions. Accordingly, the entities were assessed for potential consolidation under the VIE model that requires primary beneficiaries to consolidate the entity’s results. A primary beneficiary is defined as the party that has both the power to direct the activities that most significantly impact the entity, and an interest that could be significant to the entity. To determine if an interest could be significant to the entity, both qualitative and quantitative factors regarding the nature, size and form of involvement with the entity are evaluated.

At December 31, 2024 the Company determined it was not the primary beneficiary for most of its VIEs, primarily because the Company did not have control or the obligation to absorb losses or the rights to receive benefits from the VIE that could potentially be significant to the VIE. Evaluation and assessment of VIEs for consolidation is performed on an ongoing basis by management. Any changes in facts and circumstances occurring since the previous primary beneficiary determination will be considered as part of this ongoing assessment.

The table below reflects the assets of the VIEs, as well as the maximum exposure to loss in connection with unconsolidated VIEs and liabilities for binding, unfunded commitments at December 31, 2024 and 2023. The Company’s maximum exposure to loss associated with its unconsolidated VIEs consists of the capital invested plus any unfunded equity commitments. These investments are recorded in other assets and other liabilities on the consolidated balance sheets. Also included in the maximum loss exposure are loans to VIEs that are included in loans receivable. Although the REMIC trusts are not recognized on the balance sheet, the maximum exposure to loss is the carrying value of the securities acquired as part of the securitization transactions.

Investments

Loans

Securities

Maximum

Liabilities

Assets

    

in VIEs

    

to VIEs

of VIEs

Exposure to Loss

for VIEs

(In thousands)

December 31, 2024

 

  

 

  

  

Low-income housing tax credit investments

$

225,727

$

282,584

$

$

508,311

$

89,956

Debt funds

31,772

109,480

141,252

2,752

Off-balance-sheet REMIC trusts

23,564

1,652,833

1,676,397

Total Unconsolidated VIEs

$

257,499

$

415,628

$

1,652,833

$

2,325,960

$

92,708

December 31, 2023

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

Low-income housing tax credit investments

$

118,741

$

232,407

$

$

351,148

$

35,099

Debt funds

33,221

86,416

119,637

2,752

Off-balance-sheet REMIC trusts

1,192,201

1,192,201

Total Unconsolidated VIEs

$

151,962

$

318,823

$

1,192,201

$

1,662,986

$

37,851

v3.25.0.1
Deposits
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2024
Deposits.  
Deposits

Note 13: Deposits

Deposits were comprised of the following at and December 31, 2024 and 2023:

December 31, 

    

2024

    

2023

(In thousands)

Noninterest-bearing deposits

Demand deposits

$

239,005

$

520,070

Total noninterest-bearing deposits

239,005

520,070

Interest-bearing deposits

Demand deposits:

Core demand deposits

$

4,319,512

$

3,876,837

Brokered demand deposits

1,504,230

Total demand deposits

4,319,512

5,381,067

Savings deposits:

 

 

Core savings deposits

3,442,111

2,992,332

Brokered savings deposits

859

589

Total savings deposits

3,442,970

2,992,921

Certificates of deposit:

 

 

Core certificates of deposits

1,385,270

701,577

Brokered certificates of deposits

2,533,219

4,465,825

Total certificates of deposits

3,918,489

5,167,402

Total interest-bearing deposits

11,680,971

13,541,390

Total core deposits

$

9,385,898

$

8,090,816

Total brokered deposits

$

2,534,078

$

5,970,644

Total deposits

$

11,919,976

$

14,061,460

Maturities for certificates of deposit are as follows:

    

December 31, 2024

(In thousands)

Due within one year

$

3,821,474

Due in one year to two years

 

82,846

Due in two years to three years

 

14,169

Due in three years to four years

 

Due in four years to five years

Due in five years to six years

 

$

3,918,489

Certificates of deposit of $250,000 or more totaled $694.8 million and $411.2 million at December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.

v3.25.0.1
Borrowings
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2024
Borrowings  
Borrowings

Note 14: Borrowings

Borrowings were comprised of the following at December 31, 2024 and 2023:

December 31, 

    

2024

    

2023

(In thousands)

Federal Reserve discount window borrowings

$

50,000

$

Subordinated debt

71,800

64,922

FHLB advances

4,172,030

771,392

Credit linked notes, net of debt discount

84,358

119,879

Other borrowings

 

7,934

 

7,934

Total borrowings

$

4,386,122

$

964,127

Federal Reserve Discount Window Borrowings

Federal Reserve discount window borrowings are secured by the collateral value of commercial, agricultural, construction and 1-4 family residential real estate loans totaling $3.1 billion and $3.1 billion as of December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. This arrangement has a maximum borrowing limit of collateral pledged multiplied by an advance rate. Borrowing maturities can range from 24 hours to up to a term of 90 days. Life to date, all Company borrowings were for a 24-hour period. As of December 31, 2024 and 2023, the outstanding balance was $50.0 million and $0, respectively. The December 31, 2024 advance was based on a fixed interest rate of 4.50% set by the Federal Reserve for Primary Credit Institutions.

Subordinated Debt

The Company entered into a warehouse financing arrangement in April 24, 2018 and was revised in December 2023, whereby a customer agreed to invest up to $60.0 million in the Company’s subordinated debt. The subordinated debt balance as of December 31, 2024 and 2023 was $41.8 million and $39.0 million, respectively. As of December 31, 2024, interest on the debt is paid monthly by the Company at a rate equal to SOFR, plus 300 basis points, plus additional interest equal to 50% of the earnings generated. There is also a guaranteed interest rate floor associated with these earnings. The agreement is automatically renewed annually on June 30th for one or more terms of two years each unless either party notifies the other party at least 180 days prior to its renewable date, of its desire not to continue the relationship. As of December 31, 2024, neither party had made a notification of its intent to cancel this arrangement.

Additionally, the Company entered into an additional warehouse financing agreement on April 14, 2023 and was revised on July 20, 2023, whereby a customer agreed to invest up to $30.0 million in the Company’s subordinated debt. The subordinated debt balance as of December 31, 2024 and 2023 was $30.0 million and $25.9 million, respectively. As of December 31, 2024, interest on the debt is paid monthly by the Company at a rate equal to SOFR, plus 300 basis points, plus additional interest equal to 50% of the earnings generated. The agreement is automatically renewed annually on June 30th for one or more terms of two years each unless either party notifies the other party at least 180 days prior to its renewable date, of its desire not to continue the relationship. As of December 31, 2024, neither party had made a notification of its intent to cancel this arrangement.

FHLB Advances

FHLB advances are secured by the collateral value of mortgage loans totaling $4.2 billion and $3.4 billion at December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. In addition, securities available for sale, securities held to maturity, and securities purchased under agreements to resell with a carrying value of $1.4 billion and $971.3 million were pledged as of December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. As of December 31, 2024 and 2023, the outstanding balances were $4.2 billion and $771.4 million, respectively. At December 31, 2024 the FHLB advances had interest rates ranging from 2.78% to 4.48%, and ranged from 2.18% to 5.52% at December 31, 2023. These rates were subject to restrictions or penalties in the event of prepayment.

Credit Linked Notes

On March 30, 2023, the Company issued and sold $158.1 million senior credit linked notes, due May 26, 2028. The net proceeds of the offering were approximately $153.5 million. The repayment of principal on the notes was initially linked to an approximately $1.1 billion reference pool of loans originated under the Bank’s healthcare commercial real estate lending program, but the notes are not secured by the loans. The notes provide periodic payments of interest in addition to payment of principal over the life of the note and these values are tied to the performance of the loans. Therefore, the notes effectively transfer credit risk in excess of the first 1% of losses on the reference pool of loans. The reduction in risk weighted assets provides additional balance sheet capacity and benefits capital ratios for additional growth in the existing loan pipeline. The Company maintains the ACL associated with the loans in the reference pool on the Company’s balance sheet.

The notes accrue interest at a rate equal to SOFR plus 15.50% and interest pays monthly. As of December 31, 2024, the effective interest rate was 20.0% and the balance, net of debt discount, of the notes was $84.4 million.

The notes are secured by a restricted collateral account which the Company is required to maintain with a third-party financial institution. The collateral account maintains an amount equal to at least the aggregate unpaid principal of the notes. As of December 31, 2024, the account included $33.5 million of restricted cash and $59.5 million in short-term Treasury securities. These are reported as cash equivalents and securities available for sale on the consolidated balance sheets.

Other Borrowings

On May 4, 2023, the Company entered into a debt agreement that was ultimately funded from a Sponsor Improvement Contribution as part of a low-income tax credit syndication transaction. The debt balance as of December 31, 2024 and 2023 was $7.9 million and $7.9 million, respectively. As of December 31, 2024, interest on the debt is paid by the Company at a rate equal to 1%. The agreement has a maturity date of December 31, 2047.

Maturities of borrowings were as follows at December 31, 2024:

    

Year Ended December 31, 2024

Federal Reserve

Subordinated

FHLB

Credit Linked

Other

Borrowings

Discount Window

Debt

Advances

Notes

Borrowings

Total

(In thousands)

Due within one year

$

50,000

$

$

4,165,759

$

$

$

4,215,759

Due in one year to two years

 

 

71,800

 

5,939

 

 

 

77,739

Due in two years to three years

 

 

 

62

 

 

 

62

Due in three years to four years

 

 

 

59

 

84,358

 

 

84,417

Due in four years to five years

 

 

 

211

 

 

 

211

Thereafter

 

 

 

 

 

7,934

 

7,934

$

50,000

$

71,800

$

4,172,030

$

84,358

$

7,934

$

4,386,122

At December 31, 2024, the Company had excess borrowing capacity of approximately $4.3 billion with the FHLB and the Federal Reserve discount window, based on available collateral.

v3.25.0.1
Derivative Financial Instruments
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2024
Derivative Financial Instruments  
Derivative Financial Instruments

Note 15: Derivative Financial Instruments

The Company uses non-hedging designated, derivative financial instruments to help manage exposure to interest rate risk and the effects that changes in interest rates may have on net income and the fair value of assets and liabilities.

Internal Interest Rate Risk Management

The Company enters into forward contracts for the future delivery of mortgage loans to third party investors and enters into interest rate lock commitments with potential borrowers to fund specific mortgage loans that will be sold into the secondary market. The forward contracts are entered into in order to economically hedge the effect of changes in interest rates resulting from the Company’s commitment to fund the loans. Forward contracts and interest rate lock agreements are accounted for as derivatives at fair value with changes in fair value reflected in other income on the consolidated statements of income.

Interest rate swaps are also used by the Company to reduce the risk that significant increases in interest rates may have on the value of certain fixed rate loans held for sale and the respective loan payments received from borrowers. All changes in the fair market value of these interest rate swaps and associated loans held for sale have been included in gain on sale of loans. Any difference between the fixed and floating interest rate components of these transactions have also been included in gain on sale.

The Company entered into a contract containing put options and interest rate floors on securities it acquired from a warehouse customer. These provide protection and offset losses in value of certain securities available for sale. The gain (loss) on the put options is substantially equal and offsetting to the fair market value adjustment of securities available for sale, resulting in an inconsequential net gain or loss in other noninterest income. This helps mitigate interest rate risk and minimizes impacts of market fluctuations on the securities available for sale that the Company elected to account for under the fair value option with changes in fair value reflected in earnings. The Company also entered into interest rate floor contracts with two warehouse loan customers to minimize interest rate risk. All changes in the fair market value of these options and floors have been included in other noninterest income.

Credit Risk Management

In March 2024, the Company entered into a contract as the buyer of credit protection through the credit derivative market. A CDS was purchased to manage credit risk associated with specific multi-family mortgage loans. Under the terms of the contract, the Company will be compensated for certain credit-related losses on a pool of multi-family mortgage loans. The protection seller has posted aggregate collateral of $67.3 million related to their obligations under the contract. The collateral is not included on the Company’s consolidated balance sheets. There was no gain or loss associated with the credit default swap valuation as of December 31, 2024. Any future changes in the fair market value of this instrument will be included in other noninterest expense.

The CDS is considered a derivative, but is not designated as an accounting hedge, and is recorded at fair value, with changes in fair value reflected in noninterest expense on the consolidated statements of income. The fair value of derivative instruments with a positive fair value are reported in other assets on the consolidated balance sheets while derivative instruments with a negative fair value are reported in other liabilities on the consolidated balance sheets.

The following table presents the notional amount and fair value of interest rate locks, forward contracts, interest rate swaps, put options, interest rate floors, and credit derivatives utilized by the Company at December 31, 2024 and 2023. This table excludes the fair market value adjustment on loans commonly hedged with these derivatives.

Notional

Fair Value

Amount

 

Balance Sheet Location

 

Asset

 

Liability

December 31, 2024

(In thousands)

Interest rate lock commitments

$

24,609

Other assets/liabilities

$

30

$

176

Forward contracts

 

33,000

Other assets/liabilities

229

1

Interest rate swaps

 

49,891

Other assets/liabilities

 

4,199

Put options

680,354

Other assets

43,777

Interest rate floors

1,228,274

Other assets

4,043

Credit derivatives

58,526

Other liabilities

$

52,278

$

177

Notional

Fair Value

Amount

 

Balance Sheet Location

 

Asset

 

Liability

December 31, 2023

(In thousands)

Interest rate lock commitments

$

16,526

Other assets/liabilities

$

140

$

4

Forward contracts

25,500

Other assets/liabilities

4

391

Interest rate swaps

57,540

Other assets/liabilities

 

2,610

Put options

748,374

Other assets

25,877

Interest rate floors

748,374

Other assets

6,576

$

35,207

$

395

The following table summarizes the periodic changes in the fair value of the above derivative financial instruments on the consolidated statements of income for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023, and 2022.

Year Ended

December 31, 

    

    

2024

2023

    

2022

(In thousands)

Derivative gain (loss) included in gain on sale of loans:

Interest rate lock commitments

$

(282)

$

130

$

(218)

Forward contracts (includes pair-off settlements)

338

201

5,277

Interest rate swaps

2,282

(420)

132

Net gain (loss)

$

2,338

$

(89)

$

5,191

Derivative gain (loss) included in other income:

Put options (1)

$

17,901

$

5,629

$

Interest rate floors

(2,533)

6,575

Net gain

$

15,368

$

12,204

$

(1)The put option gain (loss) reflects an adjustment to the fair value of the derivative that is substantially equal and offset by an adjustment to the fair value of its related securities available for sale for which the Company elected to account for under the fair value option with changes in fair value reflected in earnings. The combination of these adjustments is designed to result in an inconsequential net gain or loss in other noninterest income.

Derivatives on Behalf of Customers

The Company offers derivative contracts to some customers in connection with their risk management needs. These derivatives include back-to-back interest rate swap, cap, and floor arrangements. The Company manages the risk associated with these contracts by entering into an equal and offsetting derivative with a third-party dealer. These derivatives generally work together as an offsetting, economic interest rate hedge, but the Company does not designate them for hedge accounting treatment. Consequently, changes in fair value of the corresponding derivative financial asset or liability were recorded as either a charge or credit to current earnings during the period in which the changes occurred, typically resulting in no net earnings impact.

The fair values of derivative assets and liabilities related to back-to-back derivatives on behalf of customers with back-to-back interest rate swap, cap or floor arrangements were recorded on the consolidated balance sheets as follows:

Notional

Fair Value

Amount

 

Balance Sheet Location

 

Asset

 

Liability

(In thousands)

December 31, 2024

$

724,224

Other assets/liabilities

$

309

$

309

December 31, 2023

$

607,169

Other assets/liabilities

$

12,426

$

12,426

The gross gains and losses on these derivative assets and liabilities were recorded in other noninterest income and other noninterest expense in the consolidated statements of income as follows:

Year Ended

December 31, 

    

2024

    

2023

2022

(In thousands)

Gross swap gains

$

12,117

$

9,385

$

1,910

Gross swap losses

 

12,117

9,385

1,910

Net swap gains (losses)

$

$

$

The Company pledged $263,000 and $0 collateral to secure its obligations under swap contracts at both December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.

v3.25.0.1
Disclosures About Fair Value of Assets and Liabilities
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2024
Disclosures About Fair Value of Assets and Liabilities  
Disclosures About Fair Value of Assets and Liabilities

Note 16: Disclosures About Fair Value of Assets and Liabilities

Fair value is the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. Fair value measurements must maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs. There is a hierarchy of three levels of inputs that may be used to measure fair value:

Level 1

  

Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities

Level 2

Observable inputs other than Level 1 prices, such as quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities; quoted prices in markets that are not active; or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data for substantially the full term of the assets or liabilities

Level 3

Unobservable inputs supported by little or no market activity and are significant to the fair value of the assets or liabilities

Recurring Measurements

The following tables present the fair value measurements of assets and liabilities recognized on the accompanying consolidated balance sheets measured at fair value on a recurring basis and the level within the fair value hierarchy in which the fair value measurements fall at December 31, 2024 and 2023:

Fair Value Measurements Using

Quoted Prices in

Significant

 

Active Markets 

Other

Significant

for Identical

Observable

Unobservable 

Fair

Assets

Inputs

Inputs

Assets

    

Value

    

(Level 1)

    

(Level 2)

    

(Level 3)

(In thousands)

December 31, 2024

Mortgage loans in process of securitization

$

428,206

$

$

428,206

$

Securities available for sale:

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

Treasury notes

 

90,006

 

90,006

 

 

Federal agencies

 

252,936

 

 

252,936

 

Mortgage-backed - Agency

 

1,162

 

 

1,162

 

Mortgage-backed - Non-Agency residential - fair value option

430,779

430,779

Mortgage-backed - Agency - fair value option

205,167

205,167

Loans held for sale

 

78,170

 

 

78,170

 

Servicing rights

 

189,935

 

 

 

189,935

Derivative assets:

Interest rate lock commitments

 

30

 

 

 

30

Forward contracts

 

229

 

 

229

 

Interest rate swaps

4,199

4,199

Interest rate swaps, caps and floors (back-to-back)

309

309

Put options

43,777

12,481

31,296

Interest rate floors

4,043

4,043

Derivative liabilities:

Interest rate lock commitments

 

176

176

Forward contracts

1

1

Interest rate swaps, caps and floors (back-to-back)

 

309

309

December 31, 2023

 

  

Mortgage loans in process of securitization

$

110,599

$

$

110,599

$

Securities available for sale:

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

Treasury notes

 

128,968

 

128,968

 

 

Federal agencies

 

247,755

 

 

247,755

 

Mortgage-backed - Agency

 

14,467

 

 

14,467

 

Mortgage-backed - Non-Agency residential - fair value option

485,500

485,500

Mortgage-backed - Agency - fair value option

236,997

236,997

Loans held for sale

86,663

 

 

86,663

 

Servicing rights

158,457

 

 

 

158,457

Derivative assets:

 

Interest rate lock commitments

 

140

 

 

 

140

Forward contracts

4

 

 

4

 

Interest rate swaps

 

2,610

2,610

Interest rate swaps, caps and floors (back-to-back)

12,426

12,426

Put options

25,877

7,223

18,654

Interest rate floors

6,576

6,576

Derivative liabilities:

Interest rate lock commitments

 

4

4

Forward contracts

391

391

Interest rate swaps, caps and floors (back-to-back)

 

12,426

12,426

Following is a description of the valuation methodologies and inputs used for assets measured at fair value on a recurring basis and recognized on the accompanying consolidated balance sheets, as well as the general classification of such assets pursuant to the valuation hierarchy. There have been no significant changes in the valuation techniques

during the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023. For assets classified within Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy, the process used to develop the reported fair value is described below.

The Company values its assets and liabilities in the principal market where it sells the particular asset or transfers the liability with the greatest volume and level of activity. In the absence of an active market, the value is based on the most advantageous market for the asset or liability.

Mortgage Loans in Process of Securitization, Securities Available for Sale, and Securities with a Fair Value Option Election

Where quoted market prices are available in an active market, securities such as U.S. Treasuries are classified within Level 1 of the valuation hierarchy. If quoted market prices are not available, then fair values are estimated by using quoted prices of securities with similar characteristics or independent asset pricing services and pricing models, the inputs of which are market-based or independently sourced market parameters, including, but not limited to, yield curves, interest rates, volatilities, prepayments, defaults, cumulative loss projections and cash flows. Such securities are classified in Level 2 of the valuation hierarchy including federal agencies, mortgage-backed securities, municipal securities and Federal Housing Administration participation certificates. In certain cases, if Level 1 or Level 2 inputs are not available, securities would be classified within Level 3 of the hierarchy.

Loans Held for Sale

Certain loans held for sale at fair value are saleable into the secondary mortgage markets and their fair values are estimated using observable quoted market or contracted prices, or market price equivalents, which would be used by other market participants. These saleable loans are considered Level 2.

Servicing Rights

Servicing rights do not trade in an active, open market with readily observable prices. Accordingly, fair value is estimated using discounted cash flow models having significant inputs of discount rate, prepayment speed, cost of servicing, interest rates, and default rate. Due to the nature of the valuation inputs, servicing rights are classified within Level 3 of the hierarchy.

The Chief Financial Officer’s (CFO) office contracts with an independent pricing specialist to generate fair value estimates on a quarterly basis. The CFO’s office challenges the reasonableness of the assumptions used and reviews the methodology to ensure the estimated fair value complies with GAAP.

Derivative Financial Instruments

Interest rate lock commitments - The Company estimates the fair value of interest rate lock commitments based on the value of the underlying mortgage loan, quoted mortgage-backed security prices, estimates of the fair value of the servicing rights, and an estimate of the probability that the mortgage loan will fund within the terms of the interest rate lock commitment, net of expenses. With respect to its interest rate lock commitments, management determined that a Level 3 classification was most appropriate based on the various significant unobservable inputs utilized in estimating the fair value of its interest rate lock commitments.

Forward sales commitments - The Company estimates the fair value of forward sales commitments based on market quotes of mortgage-backed security prices for securities similar to the ones used, which are considered Level 2.

Interest rate swaps, caps, and floors (back-to-back) – The Company estimates the fair value of these derivatives made in relation to specific contracts with customers based on prices that are obtained from a third party that uses observable market inputs, thereby supporting a Level 2 classification.

Interest rate swaps – The Company estimates the fair value of interest rate swaps based on prices that are obtained from a third party that uses observable market inputs, thereby supporting a Level 2 classification.

Put options - The fair value of put options is linked to securities available for sale that are accounted for using the fair value option and are classified as either Level 2 or Level 3 on the hierarchy.  The put options are classified as Level 2 or Level 3 in the hierarchy, depending upon the magnitude of observable inputs in the valuation of the securities. These valuations are estimated by a third party.

Interest rate floors - The fair value of certain interest rate floors is linked to securities available for sale that are accounted for using the fair value option. Other interest rate floors are linked to loans with warehouse customers. The value of the interest rate floors is based on estimated discounted cash flows that are based on inputs that are not readily observable and, thus, are classified as Level 3 on the hierarchy. These valuations are estimated by a third party.

Credit default swap – The fair value of the credit default swap is linked to the value of its underlying mortgage loans. The Company estimates the fair value based on estimated discounted cash flows that are derived from inputs, including credit spreads that are not readily observable and, thus, are classified as Level 3 on the hierarchy. These valuations are estimated by a third party.

Level 3 Reconciliation

The following is a reconciliation of the beginning and ending balances of recurring fair value measurements recognized on the accompanying consolidated balance sheets using significant unobservable (Level 3) inputs:

Year Ended December 31, 

    

2024

    

2023

    

2022

(In thousands)

Servicing rights

Balance, beginning of period

$

158,457

$

146,248

$

110,348

Purchased servicing

 

 

513

 

Originated servicing

 

18,670

 

14,755

 

27,124

Paydowns

 

(9,901)

 

(7,621)

 

(10,985)

Changes in fair value

 

22,709

 

4,562

 

19,761

Balance, end of period

$

189,935

$

158,457

$

146,248

Securities available for sale - Mortgage-backed - Non-Agency residential - fair value option

Balance, beginning of period

$

485,500

$

$

Purchases

483,906

Paydowns

 

(42,079)

 

 

Changes in fair value

 

(12,642)

 

1,594

 

Transfers out of Level 3

(430,779)

Balance, end of period

$

$

485,500

$

Derivative assets - put options

Balance, beginning of period

$

18,654

$

$

Purchases

 

 

20,248

 

Changes in fair value

 

12,642

 

(1,594)

 

Balance, end of period

$

31,296

$

18,654

$

Derivative assets - interest rate floors

Balance, beginning of period

$

6,576

$

$

Purchases

 

 

6,576

 

Changes in fair value

 

(2,533)

 

 

Balance, end of period

$

4,043

$

6,576

$

Derivative assets - interest rate lock commitments

Balance, beginning of period

$

140

$

28

$

264

Gains/(losses) recognized

 

(110)

 

112

 

(236)

Balance, end of period

$

30

$

140

$

28

Derivative liabilities - interest rate lock commitments

Balance, beginning of period

$

4

$

23

$

41

Gains/(losses) recognized

 

172

 

(19)

 

(18)

Balance, end of period

$

176

4

$

23

Two residential mortgage-backed, non-agency securities with a fair value of $430,779 as of December 31, 2024 were transferred from Level 3 to Level 2 because the valuation technique utilized contained more observable market data for the security.

Nonrecurring Measurements

The following table presents the fair value measurement of assets measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis and the level within the fair value hierarchy in which the fair value measurements fall at December 31, 2024 and 2023:

Fair Value Measurements Using

Quoted Prices in

Significant

 

Active Markets 

Other

Significant

for Identical

Observable

Unobservable 

Fair

Assets

Inputs

Inputs

Assets

    

Value

    

(Level 1)

    

(Level 2)

    

(Level 3)

(In thousands)

December 31, 2024

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

Collateral dependent loans

$

59,915

$

$

$

59,915

Other real estate owned

$

7,313

$

$

$

7,313

December 31, 2023

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

Collateral dependent loans

$

47,026

$

$

$

47,026

Following is a description of the valuation methodologies and inputs used for assets measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis and recognized on the accompanying consolidated balance sheets, as well as the general classification of such assets pursuant to the valuation hierarchy. For assets classified within Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy, the process used to develop the reported fair value is described below.

Collateral Dependent Loans, Net of ACL-Loans

The estimated fair value of collateral dependent loans is based on the appraised fair value of the collateral, less estimated cost to sell. Collateral dependent loans are classified within Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy.

The Company considers the appraisal or evaluation as the starting point for determining fair value and then considers other factors and events in the environment that may affect the fair value. Appraisals of the collateral underlying collateral-dependent loans are obtained when the loan is determined to be classified as substandard, collateral-dependent and subsequently as deemed necessary by the CCO’s office. Appraisals and evaluations are reviewed for accuracy and consistency by the CCO’s office. Appraisers are selected from the list of approved appraisers maintained by management. The appraised values are reduced by discounts to consider lack of marketability and estimated cost to sell if repayment or satisfaction of the loan is dependent on the sale of the collateral. These discounts and estimates are developed by the CCO’s office by comparison to historical results.

Other Real Estate Owned

The estimated fair value of other real estate owned is usually based on the appraised fair value of the collateral or in certain circumstances on sales agreements, and in all cases net of estimated cost to sell. Other real estate owned is classified within Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy.

The Company considers the appraisal or evaluation as the starting point for determining fair value and then considers other factors and events in the environment that may affect the fair value. Appraisals of the collateral underlying other real estate owned are obtained when the loan is in the process of foreclosure and subsequently as deemed necessary by the CCO’s office. Appraisals and evaluations are reviewed for accuracy and consistency by the CCO’s office. Appraisers are selected from the list of approved appraisers maintained by management. The appraised values are reduced by discounts to consider lack of marketability and estimated cost to sell if repayment or satisfaction of the loan is dependent on the sale of the collateral. These discounts and estimates are developed by the CCO’s office by comparison to historical results.

Unobservable (Level 3) Inputs:

The following table presents quantitative information about unobservable inputs used in recurring and nonrecurring Level 3 fair value measurements other than goodwill.

Valuation

Weighted

    

Fair Value

    

Technique

    

Unobservable Inputs

Range

    

Average

(In thousands)

At December 31, 2024:

 

  

 

  

 

Collateral dependent loans

$

59,915

 

Market comparable properties

 

Marketability discount and costs to sell

0% - 90%

 

24%

Other real estate owned

$

7,313

Market comparable properties

Marketability discount and costs to sell

0%

0%

Servicing rights - Multi-family

$

146,483

 

Discounted cash flow

 

Discount rate

8% - 15%

 

9%

 

  

 

  

 

Constant prepayment rate

0% - 100%

 

7%

Earnings rate on escrows

3%

3%

Servicing rights - Single-family

$

34,986

Discounted cash flow

Discount rate

10% - 11%

10%

Constant prepayment rate

6% - 14%

7%

Servicing rights - Healthcare

$

4,207

 

Discounted cash flow

 

Discount rate

13%

 

13%

Constant prepayment rate

1% - 2%

 

1%

Earnings rate on escrows

3%

3%

Servicing rights - SBA

$

4,259

Discounted cash flow

Discount rate

16%

16%

Constant prepayment rate

4% - 24%

14%

Derivative assets:

Interest rate lock commitments

$

30

 

Discounted cash flow

 

Loan closing rates

71% - 99%

 

87%

Put options

$

31,296

Intrinsic value

Market credit spread

4%

4%

Interest rate floors

$

4,043

Discounted cash flow

Discount rate

6%-8%

7%

Derivative liabilities - interest rate lock commitments

$

176

 

Discounted cash flow

 

Loan closing rates

71% - 99%

 

87%

At December 31, 2023:

 

  

 

  

 

Securities available for sale - Mortgage-backed - Non-Agency residential - fair value option

$

485,500

Discounted cash flow

Market credit spread

2%

2%

Collateral dependent loans

$

47,026

 

Market comparable properties

 

Marketability discount and costs to sell

0% - 100%

 

2%

Servicing rights - Multi-family

$

122,218

 

Discounted cash flow

 

Discount rate

8% - 13%

 

9%

  

  

 

Constant prepayment rate

0% - 50%

 

7%

Earnings rate on escrows

4%

4%

Servicing rights - Single-family

$

30,959

 

Discounted cash flow

Discount rate

10% - 11%

10%

Constant prepayment rate

6% - 16%

7%

Servicing rights - SBA

$

5,280

 

Discounted cash flow

Discount rate

16%

16%

Constant prepayment rate

3% - 14%

9%

Derivative assets:

 

 

 

Interest rate lock commitments

$

140

 

Discounted cash flow

Loan closing rates

45% - 99%

 

78%

Put options

$

18,654

Intrinsic value

 

Market credit spread

2%

2%

Interest rate floors

$

6,576

Discounted cash flow

Discount rate

6% - 7%

7%

Derivative liabilities - interest rate lock commitments

$

4

Discounted cash flow

Loan closing rates

45% - 99%

78%

Sensitivity of Significant Unobservable Inputs

The following is a discussion of the sensitivity of significant unobservable inputs, the interrelationships between those inputs and other unobservable inputs used in recurring fair value measurement, and of how those inputs might magnify or mitigate the effect of changes in the unobservable inputs on the fair value measurement.

Collateral Dependent Loans and Other Real Estate Owned

The significant unobservable inputs used in the fair value measurement of the Company’s collateral dependent loans and other real estate owned is based on liquidation amounts of the underlying collateral using the most recently available appraisals with adjustments made for a marketability discount and costs to sell.

Servicing Rights

The significant unobservable inputs used in the fair value measurement of the Company’s servicing rights are discount rates and constant prepayment rates. These two inputs can drive a significant amount of a market participant’s valuation of servicing rights. Significant increases (decreases) in the discount rate or assumed constant prepayment rates used to value servicing rights would decrease (increase) the value derived.

Derivative Financial Instruments

The significant unobservable input used in the fair value measurement of certain put options include market credit spreads that can be impacted by market conditions and drive a significant amount of a market participant’s valuation of the put option and its related security. The impact of changes to the unobservable inputs for the put option is mitigated by changes to the observable inputs for the related security, which are valued in opposite directions, so as to minimize the financial impact to the Company.

The significant unobservable input used in the fair value measurement of interest rate floor derivatives associated with certain securities available for sale and loans include the discount rate that can have a significant impact on the value of the derivative. Another variable that affects the floor value is the forward interest curve, which is observable, but changes with market conditions as interest rates and future interest rate expectations change.

Fair Value of Financial Instruments

The following table presents the carrying amount and estimated fair values of the Company’s financial instruments not carried at fair value and the level within the fair value hierarchy in which the fair value measurements fall at December 31, 2024 and 2023.

Fair Value Measurements Using

Quoted Prices in

Significant

 

Active Markets 

Other

Significant

for Identical

Observable

Unobservable 

Carrying

Fair

Assets

Inputs

Inputs

    

Value

    

Value

    

(Level 1)

    

(Level 2)

    

(Level 3)

(In thousands)

December 31, 2024

Financial assets:

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

Cash and cash equivalents

$

476,610

$

476,610

$

476,610

$

$

Securities purchased under agreements to resell

 

1,559

 

1,559

 

 

1,559

 

Securities held to maturity

1,664,686

1,664,674

 

 

538,871

 

1,125,803

FHLB stock and other equity securities

 

217,804

 

217,804

 

 

187,804

 

30,000

Loans held for sale

 

3,693,340

 

3,693,340

 

 

3,693,340

 

Loans receivable, net

 

10,354,002

 

10,297,439

 

 

 

10,297,439

Interest receivable

 

83,409

 

83,409

 

 

83,409

 

Financial liabilities:

 

  

 

 

  

 

  

 

  

Deposits

 

11,919,976

 

11,923,961

 

8,001,487

 

3,922,474

 

Subordinated debt

 

71,800

 

71,800

 

 

71,800

 

FHLB advances

 

4,172,030

 

4,171,843

 

 

4,171,843

 

Other borrowing

57,934

57,934

57,934

Credit linked notes

84,358

84,357

84,357

Interest payable

 

34,475

 

34,475

 

 

34,475

 

December 31, 2023

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

Financial assets:

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

Cash and cash equivalents

$

584,422

$

584,422

$

584,422

$

$

Securities purchased under agreements to resell

 

3,349

 

3,349

 

 

3,349

 

Securities held to maturity

1,204,217

1,203,535

 

 

484,288

 

719,247

FHLB stock

 

48,578

 

48,578

 

 

48,578

 

Loans held for sale

 

3,058,093

 

3,058,093

 

 

3,058,093

 

Loans receivable, net

 

10,127,801

 

10,088,468

 

 

 

10,088,468

Interest receivable

 

91,346

 

91,346

 

 

91,346

 

Financial liabilities:

 

  

 

 

  

 

  

 

  

Deposits

 

14,061,460

 

14,062,457

 

8,894,058

 

5,168,399

 

Subordinated debt

 

64,922

 

64,922

 

 

64,922

 

FHLB advances

 

771,392

 

771,029

 

 

771,029

 

Other borrowing

7,934

7,934

7,934

Credit linked notes

119,879

119,878

119,878

Interest payable

 

43,423

43,423

43,423

v3.25.0.1
Common Stock
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2024
Common Stock  
Common Stock

Note 17: Common Stock

Public Offerings of Common Stock:

On May 13, 2024, the Company issued 2,400,000 shares of the Company’s common stock, without par value, at a public offering price of $43.00 per share in an underwritten public offering. The aggregate gross offering proceeds for the shares issued by the Company was $103.2 million, and after deducting underwriting discounts, commissions, and offering expenses of $5.5 million paid to third parties, the Company received total net proceeds of $97.7 million.

v3.25.0.1
Preferred Stock
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2024
Preferred Stock.  
Preferred Stock

Note 18: Preferred Stock

Public Offerings of Preferred Stock:

Series A Preferred Stock – On March 28, 2019, the Company issued 2,000,000 shares of 7.00% Fixed-to-Floating Rate Series A Non-Cumulative Perpetual Preferred Stock, without par value, and with a liquidation preference of $25 per share. The aggregate gross offering proceeds for the shares issued by the Company was $50.0 million, and after deducting underwriting discounts and commissions and offering expenses of approximately $1.7 million paid to third parties, the Company received total net proceeds of $48.3 million. On April 12, 2019, the Company issued an additional 81,800 shares of Series A Preferred Stock to the underwriters related to their exercise of an option to purchase additional shares under the associated underwriting agreement, resulting in an additional $2.0 million in net proceeds, after deducting $41,000 in underwriting discounts.

The Company redeemed all outstanding shares of the Series A Preferred Stock on April 1, 2024 at a price equal to the liquidation preference of $25 per share, or $52.0 million, using cash on hand.

Series B Preferred Stock – On August 19, 2019, the Company issued 5,000,000 depositary shares, each representing a 1/40th interest in a share of its 6.00% Fixed-to-Floating Rate Series B Non-Cumulative Perpetual Preferred Stock, without par value, and with a liquidation preference of $1,000 per share (equivalent to $25 per depositary share). The aggregate gross offering proceeds for the shares issued by the Company was $125.0 million, and after deducting underwriting discounts and commissions and offering expenses of approximately $4.2 million paid to third parties, the Company received total net proceeds of $120.8 million.

The Series B Preferred Stock had no voting rights with respect to matters that generally require the approval of our common shareholders. Dividends on the Series B Preferred Stock, to the extent declared by the Company’s board, were payable quarterly. The Company was able to redeem the Series B Preferred Stock, in whole or in part, at its option, on any dividend payment date on or after October 1, 2024, subject to the approval of the appropriate federal banking agency, at the liquidation preference, plus any declared and unpaid dividends (without regard to any undeclared dividends) to, but excluding, the date of redemption.

On October 1, 2024, the dividends on the Series B Preferred Stock started to accrue at a floating rate of 3-month SOFR plus 4.831% and were to reset quarterly. The rate was 9.42% for the three months ended December 31, 2024.

The Company redeemed all outstanding shares of the Series B Preferred Stock on January 2, 2025, at a price equal to the liquidation preference of $1,000 per share (equivalent to $25 per depositary share), or $125.0 million, using cash on hand. As of December 31, 2024, the cash to redeem the shares was delivered to the Company’s transfer agent, resulting in a prepaid asset reported in other assets. As of the redemption date the Series B Preferred Stock did not have any accrued, but unpaid dividends.

Series C Preferred Stock – On March 23, 2021, the Company issued 6,000,000 depositary shares, each representing a 1/40th interest in a share of its 6.00% Fixed-to-Floating Rate Series C Non-Cumulative Perpetual Preferred Stock, without par value, and with a liquidation preference of $1,000 per share (equivalent to $25 per depositary share). The aggregate gross offering proceeds for the shares issued by the Company was $150.0 million, and after deducting underwriting discounts and commissions and offering expenses of approximately $5.1 million paid to third parties, the Company received total net proceeds of $144.9 million.

On May 6, 2021 the Company completed a private offering of 46,181 shares (1,847,233 depositary shares), which were also issued at a price of $25 per depositary share. The total capital raised from the private offering was $46.2 million, net of $23,000 in expenses.

The Series C Preferred Stock have no voting rights with respect to matters that generally require the approval of our common shareholders. Dividends on the Series C Preferred Stock, to the extent declared by the Company’s board, are payable quarterly. The Company may redeem the Series C Preferred Stock, in whole or in part, at its option, on any

dividend payment date on or after April 1, 2026, subject to the approval of the appropriate federal banking agency, at the liquidation preference, plus any declared and unpaid dividends (without regard to any undeclared dividends) to, but excluding, the date of redemption.

Series D Preferred Stock – On September 27, 2022, the Company issued 5,200,000 depositary shares, each representing a 1/40th interest in a share of its 8.25% Fixed Rate Reset Series D Non-Cumulative Perpetual Preferred Stock, without par value, and with a liquidation preference of $1,000 per share (equivalent to $25 per depositary share). The aggregate gross offering proceeds for the shares issued by the Company was $130.0 million, and after deducting underwriting discounts and commissions and offering expenses of approximately $4.6 million paid to third parties, the Company received total net proceeds of $125.4 million. On September 30, 2022, the Company issued an additional 500,000 depositary shares of Series D Preferred Stock to the underwriters related to their exercise of an option to purchase additional shares under the associated underwriting agreement, resulting in an additional $12.1 million in net proceeds, after deducting $0.4 million in underwriting discounts.

The Series D Preferred Stock have no voting rights with respect to matters that generally require the approval of our common shareholders. Dividends on the Series D Preferred Stock, to the extent declared by the Company’s board, are payable quarterly. The Company may redeem the Series D Preferred Stock, in whole or in part, at its option, on any dividend payment date on or after October 1, 2027, subject to the approval of the appropriate federal banking agency, at the liquidation preference, plus any declared and unpaid dividends (without regard to any undeclared dividends) to, but excluding, the date of redemption.

Series E Preferred Stock – On November 25, 2024, the Company issued 9,200,000 depositary shares, each representing a 1/40th interest in a share of its 7.625% Fixed Rate Reset Series E Non-Cumulative Perpetual Preferred Stock, without par value, and with a liquidation preference of $1,000 per share (equivalent to $25 per depositary share). The aggregate gross offering proceeds for the shares issued by the Company was $230.0 million, and after deducting underwriting discounts and commissions and offering expenses of approximately $7.3 million paid to third parties, the Company received total net proceeds of $222.7 million.

The Series E Preferred Stock have no voting rights with respect to matters that generally require the approval of our common shareholders. Dividends on the Series E Preferred Stock, to the extent declared by the Company’s board, are payable quarterly. The Company may redeem the Series E Preferred Stock, in whole or in part, at its option, on any dividend payment date on or after January 1, 2030, subject to the approval of the appropriate federal banking agency, at the liquidation preference, plus any declared and unpaid dividends (without regard to any undeclared dividends) to, but excluding, the date of redemption.

v3.25.0.1
Employee Benefits
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2024
Employee Benefits  
Employee Benefits

Note 19: Employee Benefits

The Company offers employees a 401(k) plan. Pursuant to the plan agreement, matching contributions were made equal to 100% of the employees’ elective deferrals, which did not exceed 3% of the employees’ compensation. In 2022, the Company began providing contributions to employee 401(k) plans, regardless of their participation levels. Employees generally receive 3% of their salary, with some executives subject to certain limitations. Employer contributions to the plans were $2.0 million, $1.9 million, and $1.6 million for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023, and 2022, respectively.

The Company established an ESOP effective as of January 1, 2020 to provide certain benefits for all employees who meet certain requirements. Expense recognized for the contribution to the ESOP totaled $1.2 million, $1.0 million and $860,000 for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023, and 2022, respectively. The Company contributed 23,414 shares, 33,293 shares, and 20,709 shares to the ESOP for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023, and 2022, respectively.

v3.25.0.1
Share-Based Payment Plans
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2024
Share-Based Payment Plans  
Share-Based Payment Plans

Note 20: Share-Based Payment Plans

Equity-based incentive awards for Company officers are currently issued pursuant to the 2017 Equity Incentive Plan. Additionally, the Compensation Committee of the Board of Directors approved a plan during 2018 for non-executive directors to receive a portion of their annual retainer fees in the form of shares of common stock. In November 2023, the Board of Directors amended the plan for nonexecutive directors to receive a portion of their annual fees, issued quarterly, in the form of restricted common stock equal to $70,000 per member, rounded up to the nearest whole share, to be effective as of January 1, 2024.

The following chart provides equity-based incentive awards and Board of Directors fees paid in shares for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023, and 2022.

Year Ended December 31, 

2024

2023

2022

(In thousands, except share data)

Equity-based incentive awards to Company officers:

Shares issued

88,658

84,335

64,962

Expenses recognized

$

3,274

 

$

2,671

$

1,870

Unvested shares awarded

 

253,816

 

 

256,192

 

280,974

Unrecognized compensation costs

$

7,122

 

$

6,801

$

5,817

Equity-based retainer fees to non-executive Board of Directors:

 

  

 

 

  

 

  

Shares issued

 

12,166

 

 

12,173

 

12,443

Expenses recognized

$

491

 

$

351

$

325

The Company established an ESOP in 2020 to provide shares of stock for all employees who meet certain requirements. Additional details on these benefits were provided in Note 19: Employee Benefits.

v3.25.0.1
Income Taxes
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2024
Income Taxes  
Income Taxes

Note 21: Income Taxes

The provision for income taxes includes these components for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023, and 2022:

Year Ended

 

December 31, 

 

    

2024

    

2023

2022

 

 

(In thousands)

Income tax expense

Current tax payable

 

  

 

  

Federal

$

78,386

$

72,537

$

51,306

State

 

19,240

 

(1,422)

 

15,384

Deferred tax payable

 

  

 

  

 

Federal

 

3,666

 

(503)

 

4,237

State

 

964

 

(1,939)

 

494

Income tax expense

$

102,256

$

68,673

$

71,421

Effective tax rate

 

24.2

%  

 

19.7

%

 

24.5

%

A reconciliation of income tax expense at the statutory rate to the Company’s actual income tax expense for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023, and 2022, is shown below:

Year Ended

December 31, 

    

2024

    

2023

2022

 

(In thousands)

Computed at the statutory rate -21%

$

88,755

$

73,061

$

61,140

Increase/(decrease) resulting from

 

 

 

State income taxes

 

15,960

 

(2,655)

 

12,544

Tax Credits net of related amortization

 

(584)

 

(467)

 

57

Other

 

(1,875)

 

(1,266)

 

(2,320)

Actual tax expense

$

102,256

$

68,673

$

71,421

The tax effects of temporary differences related to deferred taxes shown on the balance sheet were:

December 31, 

    

2024

    

2023

(In thousands)

Deferred tax assets

Allowance for credit losses on loans

$

23,880

$

20,572

Unrealized loss on securities available for sale

 

42

 

779

Other

 

5,532

 

4,727

Total assets

 

29,454

 

26,078

Deferred tax liabilities

 

  

 

  

Depreciation

 

(2,532)

 

(2,779)

Intangible assets

 

(391)

 

(385)

Servicing rights

 

(44,854)

 

(37,290)

Limited partnership investments

 

(4,575)

 

(2,018)

State tax receivable

(110)

(1,711)

Derivative assets

(967)

(1,573)

Other

 

(1,314)

 

(245)

Total liabilities

 

(54,743)

 

(46,001)

Net deferred tax liability

$

(25,289)

$

(19,923)

v3.25.0.1
Earnings Per Share
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2024
Earnings Per Share  
Earnings Per Share

Note 22: Earnings Per Share

Earnings per share were computed as follows for years ended December 31, 2024, 2023, and 2022.

Year Ended December 31, 

2024

2023

2022

Weighted-

Per

Weighted-

Per

Weighted-

Per

Net

Average

Share

Net

Average

Share

Net

Average

Share

    

Income

    

Shares

    

Amount

    

Income

    

Shares

    

Amount

    

Income

    

Shares

    

Amount

    

(In thousands, except share data)

Net income

$

320,386

$

279,234

$

219,721

 

  

Dividends on preferred stock

(34,909)

(34,670)

(25,983)

Preferred stock redemption

 

(1,823)

 

  

 

  

 

 

 

  

 

  

Net income allocated to common shareholders

$

283,654

 

  

 

  

$

244,564

$

193,738

 

  

 

  

Basic earnings per share

 

  

 

44,855,100

$

6.32

 

43,224,042

$

5.66

 

  

 

43,164,477

$

4.49

Effect of dilutive securities—restricted stock awards

 

  

 

149,686

 

  

121,757

 

  

 

  

 

152,427

 

  

Diluted earnings per share

 

  

 

45,004,786

$

6.30

43,345,799

$

5.64

 

  

 

43,316,904

$

4.47

v3.25.0.1
Segment Information
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2024
Segment Information  
Segment Information

Note 23: Segment Information

For the year ended December 31, 2024, the Company adopted ASU 2023-07 - Segment Reporting (Topic 280): Improvements to Reportable Segment Disclosures that require disclosures to include additional details on reportable segments so financial statement users may better understand an entity’s overall performance and assist in assessing potential future cash flows. The new guidance requires public entities to present information regarding significant segment expenses that are regularly provided to the CODM as well as details regarding segment’s profit and loss. The update did not have a material impact on the Company’s financial position or results of operations but did require the expansion of the segment disclosures below.

The Company’s three reportable business segments are defined as Multi-family Mortgage Banking, Mortgage Warehousing, and Banking. The reportable business segments are consistent with the internal reporting and evaluation of the principal lines of business of the Company. The Multi-family Mortgage Banking segment originates and services government sponsored mortgages for multi-family and healthcare facilities. It is also a fully integrated syndicator of low-income housing tax credit and debt funds. The Mortgage Warehousing segment funds agency eligible residential loans from the date of origination or purchase, until the date of sale in the secondary market, as well as commercial loans to non-depository financial institutions. The Banking segment provides a wide range of financial products and services to consumers and businesses, including retail banking, commercial lending, agricultural lending, retail and correspondent residential mortgage banking, and SBA lending. The Other segment includes general and administrative expenses that provide services to all segments; internal funds transfer pricing offsets resulting from allocations to/from the other segments, certain elimination entries and investments in qualified affordable housing limited partnerships or LLCs and certain debt funds. All operations are domestic.

Our segments diversify the net income of Merchants Bank and provide synergies across the segments. Strategic opportunities come from MCC and MCS, where loans are funded by the Banking segment and the Banking segment provides Ginnie Mae custodial services to MCC and MCS. Low-income tax credit syndication and debt fund offerings complement the lending activities of new and existing multi-family mortgage customers. The securities available for sale and held to maturity funded by MCC custodial deposits or purchases of securitized loans originated by MCC are pledged to the FHLB to provide advance capacity during periods of high residential loan volume for Mortgage Warehousing. Mortgage Warehousing provides leads to Correspondent Lending in the Banking segment. Retail and commercial customers provide cross selling opportunities within the Banking segment. Merchants Mortgage is a risk mitigant to Mortgage Warehousing because it provides us with a ready platform to sell or refinance the underlying collateral to secure repayment. These and other synergies form a part of our strategic plan.

The reportable business segments are strategic business units that offer distinct, but complimentary, products and services. Due to the specialized nature of each segment and different resource requirements, they are managed separately. The accounting policies of the segments are the same as those described in the summary of significant accounting policies. See Note 1: Nature of Operations and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies for more details.

The Company’s chief operating decision maker is the president and chief operating officer. The chief operating decision maker evaluates performance for all reportable segments based on both net interest income, noninterest income, noninterest expense, and net income (loss). The chief operating decision maker uses the above-mentioned metrics along with total assets in deciding how to allocate capital and both human and financial resources among the segments.

The tables below present selected business segment financial information for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023, and 2022.

Multi-family

    

 

Mortgage 

Mortgage

 

    

Banking

    

Warehousing

    

Banking

    

Other

    

Total

(In thousands)

Year Ended December 31, 2024

Interest income

$

5,239

$

391,743

$

891,490

$

14,248

 

$

1,302,720

Interest expense

 

80

 

262,149

 

521,030

 

(3,159)

 

 

780,100

Net interest income

 

5,159

 

129,594

 

370,460

 

17,407

 

 

522,620

Provision for credit losses

 

(1,003)

 

1,466

 

23,815

 

 

 

24,278

Net interest income after provision for credit losses

 

6,162

 

128,128

 

346,645

 

17,407

 

 

498,342

Noninterest income

 

168,028

 

3,016

 

(8,523)

 

(14,409)

 

 

148,112

Noninterest expense

 

97,913

 

21,933

 

62,667

 

41,299

 

 

223,812

Income (loss) before income taxes

 

76,277

 

109,211

 

275,455

 

(38,301)

 

 

422,642

Income taxes

 

20,380

 

26,409

 

65,382

 

(9,915)

 

 

102,256

Net income (loss)

$

55,897

$

82,802

$

210,073

$

(28,386)

 

$

320,386

Total assets

$

479,099

$

6,000,624

$

11,761,202

$

564,807

 

$

18,805,732

Significant non-cash items:

Included in other noninterest income:

Servicing rights fair value adjustments

$

20,487

$

$

2,222

$

 

$

22,709

Derivative fair value adjustments

(2,533)

 

(2,533)

Multi-family

 

Mortgage 

Mortgage

 

    

Banking

    

Warehousing

    

Banking

    

Other

    

Total

(In thousands)

Year Ended December 31, 2023

Interest income

$

5,718

$

276,366

$

789,399

$

6,315

 

$

1,077,798

Interest expense

 

52

 

184,486

 

451,952

 

(6,763)

 

 

629,727

Net interest income

 

5,666

 

91,880

 

337,447

 

13,078

 

 

448,071

Provision for credit losses

 

 

2,782

 

37,449

 

 

 

40,231

Net interest income after provision for credit losses

 

5,666

 

89,098

 

299,998

 

13,078

 

 

407,840

Noninterest income

 

123,980

 

14,315

 

(12,527)

 

(11,100)

 

 

114,668

Noninterest expense

 

83,862

 

14,003

 

42,811

 

33,925

 

 

174,601

Income (loss) before income taxes

 

45,784

 

89,410

 

244,660

 

(31,947)

 

 

347,907

Income taxes

 

9,311

 

15,885

 

50,262

 

(6,785)

 

 

68,673

Net income (loss)

$

36,473

$

73,525

$

194,398

$

(25,162)

 

$

279,234

Total assets

$

411,097

$

4,522,175

$

11,760,943

$

258,301

 

$

16,952,516

Significant non-cash items:

Included in other noninterest income:

Servicing rights fair value adjustments

$

3,874

$

$

688

$

 

$

4,562

Derivative fair value adjustments

6,576

 

6,576

Multi-family

 

Mortgage 

Mortgage

 

    

Banking

    

Warehousing

    

Banking

    

Other

    

Total

(In thousands)

Year Ended December 31, 2022

Interest income

$

2,239

$

115,870

$

354,482

$

8,242

 

$

480,833

Interest expense

 

 

48,079

 

117,284

 

(3,081)

 

 

162,282

Net interest income

 

2,239

 

67,791

 

237,198

 

11,323

 

 

318,551

Provision for credit losses

 

1,153

 

37

 

16,105

 

 

 

17,295

Net interest income after provision for credit losses

 

1,086

 

67,754

 

221,093

 

11,323

 

 

301,256

Noninterest income

 

155,883

 

5,400

 

(26,177)

 

(9,170)

 

 

125,936

Noninterest expense

 

82,213

 

10,420

 

18,303

 

25,114

 

 

136,050

Income (loss) before income taxes

 

74,756

 

62,734

 

176,613

 

(22,961)

 

 

291,142

Income taxes

 

20,114

 

14,130

 

42,392

 

(5,215)

 

 

71,421

Net income (loss)

$

54,642

$

48,604

$

134,221

$

(17,746)

 

$

219,721

Total assets

$

351,274

$

2,519,810

$

9,587,544

$

156,599

 

$

12,615,227

Significant non-cash items:

Included in other noninterest income:

Servicing rights fair value adjustments

$

13,962

$

$

5,799

$

 

$

19,761

v3.25.0.1
Condensed Financial Information (Parent Company Only)
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2024
Condensed Financial Information (Parent Company Only)  
Condensed Financial Information (Parent Company Only)

Note 24: Condensed Financial Information (Parent Company Only)

Presented below is condensed financial information of the Company as to financial position as of December 31, 2024 and 2023, and results of operations and cash flows for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023, and 2022.

Condensed Balance Sheets

December 31, 

    

2024

2023

(In thousands)

Assets

 

  

  

Cash and cash equivalents

$

55,829

$

42,810

Other equity securities

30,000

Investment in joint ventures

27,638

30,225

Investment in subsidiaries

 

2,077,085

 

1,696,000

Other assets

 

128,591

 

197

Total assets

$

2,319,143

$

1,769,232

Liabilities

 

  

 

  

Subordinated debt

$

71,800

$

64,922

Unfunded commitments to joint ventures

2,752

2,752

Other liabilities

 

1,281

 

474

Total liabilities

 

75,833

 

68,148

Shareholders’ Equity

 

2,243,310

 

1,701,084

Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity

$

2,319,143

$

1,769,232

Condensed Statements of Income and Comprehensive Income

Year Ended

December 31, 

    

2024

2023

    

2022

(In thousands)

Income

 

  

  

 

  

Dividends and return of capital from subsidiaries

$

124,864

$

53,006

$

39,775

Other Income

 

3,956

 

3,488

 

2,523

Total income

 

128,820

 

56,494

 

42,298

Expenses

 

  

 

  

 

  

Interest expense

 

10,849

 

4,323

 

4,333

Salaries and employee benefits

 

410

 

1,012

 

690

Professional fees

 

681

 

481

 

423

Other

 

1,223

 

898

 

829

Total expense

 

13,163

 

6,714

 

6,275

Income Before Income Tax and Equity in Undistributed Income of Subsidiaries

 

115,657

 

49,780

 

36,023

Income Tax Benefit

 

(2,277)

 

(582)

 

(698)

Income Before Equity in Undistributed Income of Subsidiaries

 

117,934

 

50,362

 

36,721

Equity in Undistributed Income of Subsidiaries

 

202,452

 

228,872

 

183,000

Net Income

$

320,386

$

279,234

$

219,721

Comprehensive Income

$

322,741

$

287,267

$

210,654

Condensed Statements of Cash Flows

Year Ended

December 31, 

    

2024

    

2023

2022

(In thousands)

Operating Activities

 

  

 

  

  

Net income

$

320,386

$

279,234

$

219,721

Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash used in operating activities:

Equity in undistributed earnings from subsidiaries and other operating activities

(205,422)

(229,428)

(181,263)

Net cash provided by operating activities

 

114,964

 

49,806

38,458

Investing Activities

 

  

 

  

  

Contributed capital to subsidiaries

 

(225,295)

 

(43,922)

(110,000)

Purchase of equity securities

(30,000)

Purchase of limited partnership interests or LLC's

 

(3,038)

 

(769)

(8,746)

Return of capital from subsidiaries

49,017

Other investing activity

 

8,301

 

554

Net cash used in investing activities

 

(201,015)

 

(44,137)

(118,746)

Financing Activities

 

  

 

  

  

Proceeds from notes payable

6,878

64,922

4,000

Repayment of notes payable

(21,000)

Dividends paid

 

(51,167)

 

(48,506)

(38,067)

Proceeds from issuance of common stock

 

97,655

 

Proceeds from issuance of preferred stock

 

222,748

 

137,459

Redemption of preferred stock

(52,044)

Funds disbursed for future redemption of Series B preferred stock

(125,000)

Repurchase of common stock

 

 

(3,935)

Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities

 

99,070

 

(4,584)

99,457

Net Change in Cash and Due From Banks

 

13,019

 

1,085

19,169

Cash and Due From Banks at Beginning of Year

 

42,810

 

41,725

22,556

Cash and Due From Banks at End of Year

$

55,829

$

42,810

$

41,725

Additional Cash Flows Information:

Payable for limited partnership interest or LLC's

$

$

2,752

$

3,521

v3.25.0.1
Regulatory Matters
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2024
Regulatory Matters  
Regulatory Matters

Note 25: Regulatory Matters

The Company, Merchants Bank, and FMBI (prior to the January 26, 2024 sale of its branches and the merger of its remaining charter into Merchants Bank) are subject to various regulatory capital requirements administered by the federal banking agencies. Failure to meet minimum capital requirements can initiate certain mandatory, and possibly additional discretionary, actions by federal and state banking regulators that, if undertaken, could have a direct material effect on the Company’s financial statements. Under capital adequacy guidelines and the regulatory framework for prompt corrective action, the Company and Merchants Bank must meet specific capital guidelines that involve quantitative measures of the Company’s and Merchants Bank’s assets, liabilities and certain off-balance-sheet items as calculated under regulatory accounting practices. The Company’s and Merchants Bank’s capital amounts and classification are also subject to qualitative judgments by the regulators about components, and other factors. Furthermore, the Company’s and Merchants Bank’s regulators could require adjustments to regulatory capital not reflected in these financial statements.

Quantitative measures established by regulation to ensure capital adequacy require the Company and Merchants Bank to maintain minimum amounts and ratios (set forth in the table below). Management believes, as of December 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, that the Company and Merchants Bank met all capital adequacy requirements.

As of December 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, the most recent notifications from the Federal Reserve categorized the Company as well capitalized and most recent notifications from the FDIC categorized Merchants Bank

as well capitalized under the regulatory framework for prompt corrective action. There are no conditions or events since that notification that management believes have changed the Company’s or Merchants Bank’s category.

FMBI was subject to these same requirements and guidelines prior to the sale of its branches and the merger of its remaining charter into Merchants Bank in January 2024. As of December 31, 2023, FMBI met all capital adequacy requirements (as set forth in the table below). The FDIC categorized FMBI as well capitalized at that time and there are no conditions or events since that notification that management believes would have changed that category.

The Company’s, Merchants Bank’s, and FMBI’s actual capital amounts and ratios are presented in the following tables.

Minimum

Amount to be Well

Minimum Amount

Capitalized with

To Be Well

Actual

Basel III Buffer(1)

Capitalized(1)

    

Amount

    

Ratio

    

Amount

    

Ratio

Amount

    

Ratio

    

(Dollars in thousands)

December 31, 2024

Total capital(1) (to risk-weighted assets)

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

Company

$

2,334,479

 

13.9

%  

$

1,767,835

 

10.5

%  

$

 

N/A

%  

Merchants Bank

2,165,193

 

12.9

%  

 

1,763,982

 

10.5

%  

 

1,679,983

 

10.0

%  

Tier I capital(1) (to risk-weighted assets)

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

Company

 

2,234,658

 

13.3

%  

 

1,431,105

 

8.5

%  

 

 

N/A

%  

Merchants Bank

2,065,372

 

12.3

%  

 

1,427,985

 

8.5

%  

 

1,343,986

 

8.0

%  

Common Equity Tier I capital(1) (to risk-weighted assets)

Company

 

1,562,524

 

9.3

%  

 

1,178,557

 

7.0

%  

 

 

N/A

%  

Merchants Bank

2,065,372

 

12.3

%  

 

1,175,988

 

7.0

%  

 

1,091,989

 

6.5

%  

Tier I capital(1) (to average assets)

 

 

  

 

  

 

 

  

 

  

Company

 

2,234,658

 

12.1

%  

 

925,180

 

5.0

%  

 

 

N/A

%  

Merchants Bank

2,065,372

 

11.2

%  

 

922,006

 

5.0

%  

 

922,006

 

5.0

%  

(1)As defined by regulatory agencies.

Minimum

Amount to be Well

Minimum Amount

Capitalized with

To Be Well

Actual

Basel III Buffer(1)

Capitalized(1)

    

Amount

    

Ratio

    

Amount

    

Ratio

Amount

    

Ratio

    

(Dollars in thousands)

December 31, 2023

Total capital(1) (to risk-weighted assets)

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

Company

$

1,772,195

 

11.6

%  

$

1,598,260

 

10.5

%  

$

 

N/A

%  

Merchants Bank

1,724,505

 

11.5

%  

 

1,577,434

 

10.5

%  

 

1,502,318

 

10.0

%  

FMBI

 

40,613

 

21.1

%  

 

20,209

 

10.5

%  

 

19,247

 

10.0

%  

Tier I capital(1) (to risk-weighted assets)

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

Company

 

1,686,202

 

11.1

%  

 

1,293,830

 

8.5

%  

 

 

N/A

%  

Merchants Bank

1,639,171

 

10.9

%  

 

1,276,970

 

8.5

%  

 

1,201,854

 

8.0

%  

FMBI

 

39,953

 

20.8

%  

 

16,360

 

8.5

%  

 

15,398

 

8.0

%  

Common Equity Tier I capital(1) (to risk-weighted assets)

Company

 

1,186,594

 

7.8

%  

 

1,065,507

 

7.0

%  

 

 

N/A

%  

Merchants Bank

1,639,171

 

10.9

%  

 

1,051,623

 

7.0

%  

 

976,507

 

6.5

%  

FMBI

 

39,953

 

20.8

%  

 

13,473

 

7.0

%  

 

12,511

 

6.5

%  

Tier I capital(1) (to average assets)

 

 

  

 

  

 

 

  

 

  

Company

 

1,686,202

 

10.1

%  

 

832,706

 

5.0

%  

 

 

N/A

%  

Merchants Bank

1,639,171

 

10.1

%  

 

815,191

 

5.0

%  

 

815,191

 

5.0

%  

FMBI

 

39,953

 

11.5

%  

 

17,391

 

5.0

%  

 

17,391

 

5.0

%  

(1)As defined by regulatory agencies.

 

The Company’s principal source of funds for dividend payments to shareholders is dividends received from Merchants Bank and FMBI (prior to the January 26, 2024 sale of its branches and the merger of its remaining charter into Merchants Bank). Banking statutes and regulations limit the maximum amount of dividends that a bank may pay without requesting prior approval of regulatory agencies. Under Indiana law, Merchants Bank may not pay a dividend if such dividend would be greater than retained net income (as defined) for the current year plus those for the previous two years, subject to the capital requirements described above. Under Illinois law, FMBI may not pay dividends in an amount greater than its current net profits after deducting losses and bad debts out of undivided profits provided that its surplus equals or exceeds its capital. At December 31, 2024, the amount available, without prior regulatory approval, for dividends which could be paid by Merchants Bank to the Company was $600.1 million.

v3.25.0.1
Commitments, Credit Risk, and Contingencies
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2024
Commitments, Credit Risk, and Contingencies  
Commitments, Credit Risk, and Contingencies

Note 26: Commitments, Credit Risk, and Contingencies

Financial Instruments

Merchants offers certain financial instruments, including commitments with contracts that contain credit risk to the Company and others that are subject to certain performance criteria by the client and or cancellation by the Company. Such commitments were as follows at December 31, 2024 and 2023:

December 31, 

    

2024

    

2023

(In thousands)

Commitments subject to credit risk:

Commitments to extend credit

$

4,348,628

$

3,693,099

Standby letters of credit

 

204,745

 

129,655

Unfunded warehouse repurchase agreements and other (not cancellable)

108,532

 

135,819

Total commitments subject to credit risk

$

4,661,905

$

3,958,573

Commitments subject to certain performance criteria and cancellation:

Outstanding commitments to originate loans

$

740,886

$

692,582

Unfunded construction draws

 

281,152

 

266,369

Unfunded warehouse repurchase agreements and other (cancellable)

2,681,313

2,783,916

Total commitments subject to certain performance criteria and cancellation

$

3,703,351

$

3,742,867

Included in the chart above are the following commitments that are subject to credit risk:

Commitments to extend credit. These are agreements to lend to a customer as long as there is no violation of any condition established in the contract. Commitments generally have fixed expiration dates or other termination clauses and may require payment of a fee. Since many of the commitments are expected to expire without being drawn upon, the total commitment amounts do not necessarily represent future cash requirements. The Company evaluates each customer’s credit worthiness on a case-by-case basis. The amount of collateral obtained, if deemed necessary by the Company upon extension of credit, is based on management’s credit evaluation. Collateral held varies but may include accounts receivable, inventory, property and equipment, and income-producing commercial properties.

Standby letters of credit. These instruments are irrevocable, conditional commitments issued by the Company or by another party on behalf of the Company, for a fee, to guarantee the performance of a customer to a third party and they generally have fixed expiration dates or other termination clauses. The credit risk involved in issuing letters of credit is essentially the same as that involved in extending loan commitments to customers. The Company’s policy for obtaining collateral and/or guarantees and the nature thereof is generally the same as that involved extending commitments to its customers. The Company has not been required to fund nor has it incurred any losses on any standby letter of credit commitment during the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023, and 2022.

Unfunded warehouse repurchase agreements and other lines of credit. Through the Mortgage Warehousing segment, the Company has repurchase agreements with its non-depository financial institution customers engaged in

mortgage lending. Funds drawn on the warehouse repurchase agreements are used by the borrowers to fund the loans they originate. The customers’ loans must meet certain credit and underwriting criteria before the Company will fund the draw requests on the repurchase agreements, and the draw requests can be denied by the Company. The majority of the warehouse repurchase agreements are unconditionally cancellable by the Company, but some are subject to cancellation.

Included in the chart above are the following commitments that are subject to certain performance criteria and can be denied by the Company:

Outstanding commitments to originate loans. The Company has entered into lending commitments with customers who have applied for loans that are awaiting closing. The customers must meet certain credit and underwriting criteria before the Company is required to fund the loans. Closing and funding of the majority of these loans is contingent upon various performance criteria by the potential borrower and the commitment may be rescinded by the Company. The Company may also enter into a corresponding sales commitment if it is the Company’s intent to close the loan and to sell the loan after closing.

Unfunded construction draws. Through the Multi-family Mortgage Banking segment, the Company has made commitments to fund certain FHA insured construction loans that are drawn upon throughout the construction period. These commitments are subject to certain performance criteria and inspections throughout the project, and funding can be denied by the Company. As construction draws are disbursed, the amounts are securitized and sold to Ginnie Mae, and the Company continues to service the loans.

Allowance for credit losses – off-balance sheet credit exposures (ACL-OBCE)

The ACL-OBCE is a liability account representing expected credit losses over the contractual period for which the Company is exposed to credit risk resulting from contractual obligations to extend credit such as those included in the categories above. No allowance is recognized if there is an unconditional right to cancel the obligation. The amount of the allowance represents management’s best estimate of expected credit losses on unfunded commitments expected to be funded over the contractual life of the commitment. The ACL-OBCE is adjusted through the statement of income as a component of provision for credit loss.

Risk-Sharing Arrangements

As a Fannie Mae multi-family lender, Merchants assumes a limited portion of the risk of loss during the remaining term on each commercial mortgage loan that is sold to Fannie Mae. Under this loss sharing agreement, Merchants bears a risk of up to one-third of incurred losses resulting from borrower defaults. Accordingly, Merchants maintained a reserve liability for this risk-sharing obligation of $1.5 million at December 31, 2024 and $0.8 million at December 31, 2023. There have been no loans in default during the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023, and 2022.

Repurchase Obligations

Certain single-family loans sold to Fannie Mae or Freddie Mac may require the Company to repurchase loans if it is determined that the Company did not adhere to underwriting guidelines required by these government-sponsored entities. There was a reserve for potential obligations in other liabilities on the balance sheet for $1.1 million and $1.0 million at December 2024 and 2023, respectively.

Indemnification Agreements

As part of a Freddie Mac Q-Series Securitization transaction occurring in 2022, the Company established reserve liabilities in other liabilities on the balance sheet related to an indemnification agreement for potential loan losses. The Company established a reserve for contingent financial guarantees, which had a balance of $0.8 million and $1.2 million for December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. The Company also established a non-contingent stand-by reserve, which had a balance of $1.8 million and $2.5 million for December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. See Note 5: Loans and Allowance for Credit Losses on Loans for additional information on this transaction.

Unconditional Investment Obligations

The Company is contractually obligated to provide additional capital funding to certain investments in LIHTC limited partnerships and LLCs. There was an unfunded liability for these investments of $93.9 million and $61.4 million at December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. Additionally, the Company had an unfunded liability to invest in debt fund joint ventures for $3.8 million and $4.0 million at December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. Both liability accounts are recorded in other liabilities on balance sheet. See Note 11: Other Assets and Receivables for additional information on these investments and joint ventures.

Other

The Company and its subsidiaries can be parties to various claims and proceedings arising in the normal course of business. Management, after consultation with legal counsel, believes that the liabilities, if any, arising from such proceedings and claims will not be material to the Company’s consolidated financial position or results of operations.

v3.25.0.1
Related Party Transactions
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2024
Related Party Transactions  
Related Party Transactions

Note 27: Related Party Transactions

The Company has entered into transactions with certain directors, executive officers, and their affiliates or associates (related parties). Such transactions were made in the ordinary course of business on substantially the same terms and conditions, including interest rates and collateral, as those prevailing at the same time for comparable transactions with other customers, and did not, in the opinion of management, involve more than normal credit risk or present other unfavorable features. The aggregate amount of loans to directors, executive officers and their affiliates was not greater than 5% of the Company’s shareholders’ equity at December 31, 2024 and 2023.

Legal Services

The Company retained a law firm of which a Board member of Merchants Bank is a partner. Services rendered are primarily related to documentation of current loan originations, and loan collections from Merchants Bank’s borrowers. Fees paid to the law firm, both directly and indirectly, totaled $4.0 million, $9.4 million, and $9.4 million for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023, and 2022 respectively.

Speaking Engagements

The Company made payments to a Board member of Merchants Bank during 2023 for speaking engagements at corporate events. Fees paid to the Board member totaled $0, $30,000, and $0 for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022, respectively.

Corporate Travel

The Company made payments to a company that is owned by a Board member and executive of Merchants Bank. Payments were made for charter flights taken during 2024 and 2023 as part of corporate travel expenses. Payments made to the company totaled $104,000, $62,000, and $0 for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023, and 2022, respectively.

Investments

Investments in a Senior Housing and Healthcare Entity

The Company holds a 30% ownership in an LLC that provides funding to the senior housing and healthcare sectors that is accounted for using the equity method of accounting. Transactions with this entity are included in the chart below.

Investments in Low-Income Housing Tax Credit Syndications

In 2020 the Company launched a low-income housing tax credit syndication business through one of its subsidiaries and serves as a general partner, limited partner, or managing member. This business is generally funded through capital investments from external investors and in some cases by Merchants Bank, in the form of limited partnership or managing member interests, and bridge loans. Merchants Bank also serves as a warehouse to fund certain low-income housing tax credit projects until they are sold into the syndicated funds. Due to the short time between purchase and sale, no gains or losses were recognized on the sales during 2024, 2023 or 2022. Transactions with these entities are included in the chart below.

Investments in Debt Financing Entities

The Company has invested in single-family, multi-family, and healthcare debt financing entities (debt funds) through its subsidiaries. This business is funded through capital investments from external investors and by the Company, in the form of limited partnership interests. The Company also serves as a warehouse to acquire certain loans until they are sold into the debt funds. Transactions with these entities are included in the chart below.

The table below provides a summary of the transactions with related entities for which the Company holds an ownership investment. Additional information regarding these investments is provided in Note 12: Variable Interest Entities.

    

Year Ended December 31, 

2024

    

2023

    

2022

(In thousands)

Investments in Senior Housing and Healthcare Entity

Origination fees received from borrowers referred by the LLC

$

26,287

$

12,669

$

24,830

Fees paid to LLC for loans referred and originated

(20,882)

(9,866)

(17,145)

Servicing income received for loans referred by the LLC

841

561

417

Servicing income participation paid to LLC

(428)

(281)

(209)

Income from investment in LLC

3,536

1,612

4,129

Distributions received from LLC

1,153

993

3,795

Interest income paid to LLC for loans originated and referred by the LLC

(2,158)

(3,587)

(6,725)

Investments in LIHTC Syndications

Interest income, financing (1) and other fees received from syndicated funds

$

31,683

$

16,592

$

11,012

Loans and other receivables outstanding, net of participations sold, to syndicated funds

334,536

127,449

49,004

Investments in Debt Financing Entities

Income from investments, servicing, interest income, and management of debt funds

$

53,274

$

29,992

$

4,642

Distributions received from debt funds

8,871

890

512

Loans outstanding, net of participations sold, to debt funds

133,044

108,055

35,732

Loans sold to debt funds

98,184

102,336

884,247

Gains (losses) recognized on loans sold to debt funds

(263)

Carrying value, at year-end, of securities held-to-maturity purchased from debt funds

526,242

472,539

248,366

(1)Financing fees, net of costs to originate, are deferred and recognized in income over the life of the loan.
v3.25.0.1
Subsequent Events
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2024
Subsequent Events  
Subsequent Events

Note 28: Subsequent Events

The Company redeemed all outstanding shares of the Series B Preferred Stock on January 2, 2025, at a price equal to the liquidation preference of $1,000 per share (equivalent to $25 per depositary share), or $125.0 million, using cash on hand. As of December 31, 2024, the cash to redeem the shares was delivered to the Company’s transfer agent, resulting in a prepaid asset reported in other assets. As of the redemption date the Series B Preferred Stock did not have any accrued, but unpaid dividends.

v3.25.0.1
Pay vs Performance Disclosure - USD ($)
$ in Thousands
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2024
Dec. 31, 2023
Dec. 31, 2022
Pay vs Performance Disclosure      
Net Income (Loss) $ 320,386 $ 279,234 $ 219,721
v3.25.0.1
Insider Trading Arrangements - Scott A. Evans
3 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2024
shares
Trading Arrangements, by Individual  
Material Terms of Trading Arrangement

During the year ended December 31, 2024, Scott A. Evans, a director and the Richmond Market President and Chief Operating Officer of Merchants Bank, adopted a stock trading plan on August 7, 2024 intended to satisfy the affirmative defense of Rule 10b5-1(c), pursuant to which he may sell up to 25,000 shares of our common stock prior to March 13, 2025. On January 29, 2025 Mr. Evans sold all 25,000 shares of our common stock at a price of $43.10.

Name Scott A
Title director and the Richmond Market President and Chief Operating Officer
Rule 10b5-1 Arrangement Adopted true
Adoption Date August 7, 2024
Expiration Date March 13, 2025
Aggregate Available 25,000
v3.25.0.1
Insider Trading Policies and Procedures
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2024
Insider Trading Policies and Procedures [Line Items]  
Insider Trading Policies and Procedures Adopted true
v3.25.0.1
Cybersecurity Risk Management and Strategy Disclosure
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2024
Cybersecurity Risk Management, Strategy, and Governance [Line Items]  
Cybersecurity Risk Management Processes for Assessing, Identifying, and Managing Threats [Text Block]

Risk Management and Strategy

To combat the ever-present cyber risks, the Company maintains a comprehensive ISP, which includes continuous risk assessments, an Incident Response Plan, and a multilayered control environment meant to protect, detect, respond to, and limit unauthorized or harmful actions across our information environment. The control environment is based off industry leading recommendations, including the Center for Internet Security (CIS) Critical Security Controls and the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) Cybersecurity Framework (CSF). Our Information Security Officer (ISO) is primarily responsible for coordinating the various aspects of the ISP with cross-functional support teams across various teams within the Company.

Standards over information security are Board-approved and various types of control testing is conducted throughout the year, by internal and external parties. Recommendations are implemented and reported to various committees. These security and privacy policies and procedures, aimed at protecting personal and confidential

information, are in effect across all businesses and geographic locations. Board-approved policies are in place to effectively mitigate risks linked to third-party service providers, encompassing factors such as availability, confidentiality, and governance and compliance. As part of this risk mitigation, the Company actively monitors vendors’ cybersecurity practices through periodic assessments and contractual security requirements. This ensures that vendors adhere to our security standards and promptly address emerging threats or vulnerabilities.

The Company employes a defense in depth posture, designed to safeguard information, prevent unauthorized access, detect, and respond to threats, and maintain the confidentiality, integrity, and availability of data. The ISP establishes controls across many domains including but not limited to: Information Security Governance, Inventory and Control of Enterprise Assets and Software, Data Protection, Secure Configuration of Enterprise Assets and Software, Account and Access Control Management, Continuous Vulnerability Management, Audit Log Management, Email and Web Browser Protections, Malware Defenses, Data Recovery, Network Infrastructure Management, Network Monitoring and Defense, Security Awareness and Skills Training, Service Provider Management, Application Software Security, Incident Response Management, and Penetration Testing.

Recognizing people as a key component of an effective information security program, the Merchants Information Security Program strives to enhance education and awareness at all levels of the Company. One critical component of education and awareness is an internal cybersecurity committee, comprised of employees from all levels and departments, who act as embedded security representatives for their business units.

However, it is difficult or impossible to defend against every risk being posed by evolving technologies as well as criminal intent on committing cyber-crime. Increasing sophistication of criminal organizations and advanced persistent threats makes staying ahead of new dangers difficult and could result in a security breach. Controls employed by our information technology department and cloud vendors could prove inadequate. A breach of our security that results in unauthorized access to our data could expose us to a disruption or challenges relating to our daily operations, as well as to data loss, litigation, damages, fines and penalties, significant increases in compliance costs and reputational damage, any of which could have an adverse effect on our business, financial condition, and results of operations. The Company has established conditions to quickly respond to a cyber incident, ensuring a resilient, information environment. 

Cybersecurity Risk Management Processes Integrated [Flag] true
Cybersecurity Risk Management Processes Integrated [Text Block]

To combat the ever-present cyber risks, the Company maintains a comprehensive ISP, which includes continuous risk assessments, an Incident Response Plan, and a multilayered control environment meant to protect, detect, respond to, and limit unauthorized or harmful actions across our information environment. The control environment is based off industry leading recommendations, including the Center for Internet Security (CIS) Critical Security Controls and the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) Cybersecurity Framework (CSF). Our Information Security Officer (ISO) is primarily responsible for coordinating the various aspects of the ISP with cross-functional support teams across various teams within the Company.

Standards over information security are Board-approved and various types of control testing is conducted throughout the year, by internal and external parties. Recommendations are implemented and reported to various committees. These security and privacy policies and procedures, aimed at protecting personal and confidential

information, are in effect across all businesses and geographic locations. Board-approved policies are in place to effectively mitigate risks linked to third-party service providers, encompassing factors such as availability, confidentiality, and governance and compliance. As part of this risk mitigation, the Company actively monitors vendors’ cybersecurity practices through periodic assessments and contractual security requirements. This ensures that vendors adhere to our security standards and promptly address emerging threats or vulnerabilities.

Cybersecurity Risk Management Third Party Engaged [Flag] true
Cybersecurity Risk Third Party Oversight and Identification Processes [Flag] true
Cybersecurity Risk Materially Affected or Reasonably Likely to Materially Affect Registrant [Flag] false
Cybersecurity Risk Board of Directors Oversight [Text Block]

Governance

The Board established an IT Committee to assist executive management and the Board of Directors of the Bank in fulfilling their oversight responsibilities related to information security. The IT committee membership includes senior management from business units, as well as information security risk experts such as the Information Security Officer, experts from Enterprise Risk Management, Internal Audit, and Information Technology Leaders. At the IT Committee meetings, security-related policies and standards are reviewed and approved, annual risk assessment results and action plans are noted, annual penetration test reports shared, current security incidents discussed, emerging threats reported on, and relevant cyber risks and trends are presented. The IT Committee is responsible for governing the assessment and treatment of cyber risks. The Committee reports its activities, key conclusions, and recommendations to the Board on a quarterly basis. 

The Chief Administrative Officer is responsible for the appointment of the Information Security Officer. The Information Security Officer serves as the focal point for the information security program and is responsible and accountable for its implementation and monitoring, and management of the Information Security team. The current Information Security Officer has over a decade of experience in the cyber security field, including critical roles in security operations, security governance, risk, and compliance, and cyber threat intelligence. They have multiple industry leading certifications, including nine GIAC and CISSP from the ISC2 and a Master of Engineering in Cybersecurity Policy and Compliance.

The Information Security Officer presents an Annual Information Security Review to the board which summarizes the previous year’s threat landscape, risk assessment, service provider, and audit testing activities, results of security incidents, information security program changes, and future strategies and recommendations.

Cybersecurity Risk Board Committee or Subcommittee Responsible for Oversight [Text Block] IT Committee
Cybersecurity Risk Process for Informing Board Committee or Subcommittee Responsible for Oversight [Text Block] The Board established an IT Committee to assist executive management and the Board of Directors of the Bank in fulfilling their oversight responsibilities related to information security. The IT committee membership includes senior management from business units, as well as information security risk experts such as the Information Security Officer, experts from Enterprise Risk Management, Internal Audit, and Information Technology Leaders. At the IT Committee meetings, security-related policies and standards are reviewed and approved, annual risk assessment results and action plans are noted, annual penetration test reports shared, current security incidents discussed, emerging threats reported on, and relevant cyber risks and trends are presented. The IT Committee is responsible for governing the assessment and treatment of cyber risks. The Committee reports its activities, key conclusions, and recommendations to the Board on a quarterly basis.
Cybersecurity Risk Role of Management [Text Block] The Chief Administrative Officer is responsible for the appointment of the Information Security Officer. The Information Security Officer serves as the focal point for the information security program and is responsible and accountable for its implementation and monitoring, and management of the Information Security team. The current Information Security Officer has over a decade of experience in the cyber security field, including critical roles in security operations, security governance, risk, and compliance, and cyber threat intelligence. They have multiple industry leading certifications, including nine GIAC and CISSP from the ISC2 and a Master of Engineering in Cybersecurity Policy and Compliance.
Cybersecurity Risk Management Positions or Committees Responsible [Flag] true
Cybersecurity Risk Management Positions or Committees Responsible [Text Block] Information Security Officer
Cybersecurity Risk Management Expertise of Management Responsible [Text Block] The current Information Security Officer has over a decade of experience in the cyber security field, including critical roles in security operations, security governance, risk, and compliance, and cyber threat intelligence. They have multiple industry leading certifications, including nine GIAC and CISSP from the ISC2 and a Master of Engineering in Cybersecurity Policy and Compliance.
Cybersecurity Risk Process for Informing Management or Committees Responsible [Text Block] The Information Security Officer presents an Annual Information Security Review to the board which summarizes the previous year’s threat landscape, risk assessment, service provider, and audit testing activities, results of security incidents, information security program changes, and future strategies and recommendations.
Cybersecurity Risk Management Positions or Committees Responsible Report to Board [Flag] true
v3.25.0.1
Nature of Operations and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Policies)
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2024
Nature of Operations and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies  
Nature of Operations

Nature of Operations

The accompanying consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Merchants Bancorp, a registered bank holding company (the “Company”) and its wholly owned subsidiaries, Merchants Bank, FMBI (whose branches were sold to unaffiliated third parties and its remaining charter collapsed into Merchants Bank on January 26, 2024), and MAM. Merchants Bank’s primary operating subsidiaries include MCC, MCS, and MCI. All direct and indirectly owned subsidiaries owned by Merchants Bancorp are collectively referred to as the “Company.”

Merchants Bank operates under an Indiana state bank charter and provides full banking services. As a state bank and non-Federal Reserve member, it is subject to the regulation of the IDFI and the FDIC. The Company is further subject to regulations of the Federal Reserve governing bank holding companies. Merchants Bank operates nationally through online banking and from seven depository branches in Indiana, including Lynn, Spartanburg, Richmond, Carmel and Indianapolis. Merchants Bank generates multi-family, commercial, mortgage and consumer loans and also receives deposits from warehouse custodial customers and from retail customers located primarily in Hamilton, Marion, Wayne, Randolph and surrounding counties in Indiana. Merchants Bank’s loans are generally secured by specific items of collateral including real property, consumer assets and business assets. Merchants Bank’s Mortgage Warehousing segment funds and participates in single-family and multi-family, agency eligible loans across the nation.

Prior to the sale of its branches, and merger of its remaining charter into Merchants Bank, on January 26, 2024, FMBI operated under an Illinois state bank charter and provided full banking services. As a state bank and non-Federal Reserve member, it was subject to the regulation of the IDFPR and the FDIC. FMBI operated from four offices located in Joy, Paxton, Melvin, and Piper City, Illinois.

MCC is primarily engaged in mortgage banking, specializing in lending for multi-family rental properties and healthcare facilities. It is an FHA approved mortgagee and a Ginnie Mae, Fannie Mae Affordable, and Freddie Mac issuer. It is also a fully integrated syndicator of low-income housing tax credit and debt funds.

Sale of Farmers-Merchants Bank of Illinois branches

Sale of Farmers-Merchants Bank of Illinois branches

On September 7, 2023, the Company entered into an agreement with Bank of Pontiac to sell its FMBI branch locations in Paxton, Melvin, and Piper City, Illinois, and into an agreement with CBI Bank & Trust, to sell its FMBI branch located in Joy, Illinois.

This transaction enhanced the Company’s ability to focus on its core business of single and multi-family mortgage lending and strategically aligned the branches with institutions that share a similar business model and allowed them to provide additional products to their customers.

On January 26, 2024, the transaction was completed after having met customary closing conditions, including regulatory approval.

In addition to the branches, Bank of Pontiac acquired approximately $164.8 million in deposits and $19.2 million in loans, and CBI Bank & Trust acquired approximately $65.1 million in deposits and $28.6 million in loans.

Total assets and liabilities of approximately $60.8 million and $230.6 million, respectively, were sold. A net gain of $715,000 was recognized from the transaction, which included a $10.1 million deposit premium and the extinguishment of $7.8 million in goodwill and $0.5 million in intangibles in 2024.

Principles of Consolidation

Principles of Consolidation

The consolidated financial statements as of and for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022 include results from the Company, and its wholly owned subsidiaries, Merchants Bank, FMBI (until its branches were sold and its bank charter merged into Merchants Bank on January 26, 2024), and MAM. Also included are Merchants Bank’s primary operating subsidiaries, MCC, MCS and MCI, as well as all direct and indirectly owned subsidiaries owned by Merchants Bancorp.

During 2022, Merchants Foundation, Inc., a nonprofit corporation, was incorporated and its results are consolidated with the Company’s consolidated financial statements in all periods presented.

In addition, when the Company makes an equity investment in or has a relationship with an entity for which it holds a variable interest, it is evaluated for consolidation requirements under ASC Topic 810. Accordingly, the Company assesses the entities for potential consolidation as a VIE and would only consolidate those entities for which it is a primary beneficiary. A primary beneficiary is defined as the party that has both the power to direct the activities that most significantly impact the entity, and an interest that could be significant to the entity. To determine if an interest could be significant to the entity, both qualitative and quantitative factors regarding the nature, size and form of the Company’s involvement with the entity are evaluated. Alternatively, under the voting interest model, it would only consolidate those entities for which it has a controlling interest.

In May 2023, the Company acquired a variable interest in an investment for which it is the primary beneficiary of, and its results have been consolidated since the date of acquisition. Additionally, the Company has certain variable interest investments that it was deemed not to be a primary beneficiary of as of December 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023. These VIEs are not consolidated and the equity method or proportional amortization method of accounting has been applied. The Company will analyze whether the primary beneficiary designation has changed through triggering events on a prospective basis. Changes in facts and circumstances occurring since the previous primary beneficiary determination will be considered as part of this ongoing assessment. See Note 12: Variable Interest Entities (VIEs) for additional information about VIEs.

All significant intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.

Use of Estimates

Use of Estimates

The preparation of consolidated financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates.

Material estimates that are particularly susceptible to significant change relate to the determination of the allowance for credit losses on loans and fair values of servicing rights and financial instruments.

Cash and Cash Equivalents

Cash and Cash Equivalents

The Company considers all liquid investments with original maturities of three months or less to be cash equivalents. Cash equivalents consist primarily of cash amounts due from depository institutions, interest-bearing deposits in other banks, money market accounts, and federal funds sold. For information on restricted cash see Note 2: Restriction on Cash and Due from Banks.

At December 31, 2024, the Company’s cash accounts exceeded federally insured limits by approximately $461.7 million. Included in this amount is approximately $324.6 million with the Federal Reserve and $93.4 million with the FHLBI, and $1.8 million with the FHLBC.

At December 31, 2023, the Company’s cash accounts exceeded federally insured limits by approximately $564.5 million. Included in this amount is approximately $510.2 million with the Federal Reserve and $5.8 million with the FHLBI, and $156,000 with the FHLBC.

Securities purchased under agreements to resell

Securities purchased under agreements to resell

Securities purchased pursuant to a simultaneous Reverse Repurchase Agreement to resell the same securities at a specified price and date generally have maturity dates of 90 days or less and are carried at cost. Every 90 days the Reverse Repurchase Agreements rollover.

Mortgage Loans In Process of Securitization

Mortgage Loans in Process of Securitization

Mortgage loans in process of securitization are recorded at fair value with changes in fair value recorded in earnings. These include multi-family rental real estate loan originations to be sold as Ginnie Mae mortgage-backed securities and Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac participation certificates, all of which are pending settlement with firm investor commitments to purchase the securities, typically occurring within 30 days.

Investment Securities

Investment Securities

Securities held to maturity are carried at amortized cost when the Company has the positive intent and ability to hold to maturity. Securities not classified as held to maturity or trading are classified as “available for sale” and recorded at fair value. If fair value option is not elected, unrealized gains and losses are excluded from earnings and reported in other comprehensive (loss). For securities available for sale utilizing the fair value option, the Company measures the securities at fair value and changes are recognized in current period income. The securities are held with the intent that the gains or losses will offset changes in the fair value of other financial instruments. Purchase premiums and discounts are recognized in interest income using the interest method over the terms of the securities. Gains and losses on the sale of securities are recorded on the trade date and are determined using the specific identification method.

Regular assessments are performed on securities available for sale to confirm there are no expected credit losses that would require an allowance for credit losses to be established in accordance with FASB ASU No. 2016-13, Financial Instruments - Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of CECL. Securities held to maturity generally require an allowance for lifetime expected credit losses when the security is purchased. Management considers several factors when making such estimates, including issuer bond ratings, historical loss rates for given bond ratings, the financial condition of the issuer, and whether issuers continue to make timely principal and interest payments under the contractual terms of the securities, among others.

For securities available for sale with an unrealized loss position, the Company evaluates the securities to determine whether the decline in the fair value below the amortized cost basis (impairment) is due to credit-related factors or non-credit related factors. Any impairment that is not credit-related is recognized in AOCL, net of tax. Credit-related impairment is recognized as an ACL for securities available for sale on the consolidated balance sheets, limited to the amount by which the amortized cost basis exceeds the fair value, with a corresponding adjustment to earnings. Accrued interest receivable is excluded from the estimate of credit losses. Both the ACL and the adjustment to net income may be reversed if conditions change. However, if the Company expects, or is required, to sell an impaired security available for sale before recovering its amortized cost basis, the entire impairment amount would be recognized in earnings with a corresponding adjustment to the security’s amortized cost basis. Because the security’s amortized cost basis is adjusted to fair value, there is no ACL in this situation.

For other equity securities, the Company reports the carrying value utilizing the measurement alternative election, reflecting any impairments or other adjustments if observable price changes occur for identical or similar investments of the same issuer.

Loans Held for Sale under Mortgage Banking Activities

Loans Held for Sale under Mortgage Banking Activities

The Company uses participation agreements to fund mortgage loans held for sale from closing or purchase until sold to an investor. Under a participation agreement the Company elects to purchase a participation interest of up to 100% in individual loans. The Company shares proportionately in the interest income and the credit risk until the loan is sold to an investor. The Company holds the collateral until it is sent under a bailee arrangement to the investor. Typical investors are large financial institutions or government agencies. These loans are typically carried at the lower of cost or fair value in the aggregate. Net unrealized losses, if any, are recognized through a valuation allowance and included in noninterest income.

For all loans held for sale, interest earned from the time of funding to the time of sale is accrued and recognized as interest income. Gain on loan sales are recorded in noninterest income.

The gain on sale of loans in the statement of income may include placement and origination fees, capitalized servicing rights, trading gains and losses and other related income or expense.

Loans

Loans

Loans that management has the intent and ability to hold for the foreseeable future or until maturity or payoff are reported at amortized cost at their outstanding principal balances, adjusted for unearned income, charge-offs, the ACL-Loans, any unamortized deferred fees or costs on originated loans, and unamortized premiums or discounts on purchased loans.

For loans at amortized cost, interest income is accrued based on the unpaid principal balance.

The Company has made a policy election to exclude accrued interest from the amortized cost basis of loans and reports accrued interest separately from the related loan balance in the consolidated balance sheets. Accrued interest on loans totaled $51.9 million and $60.4 million at December 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively.

The Company also elected not to measure an allowance for credit losses for accrued interest receivables. The accrual of interest on loans is discontinued at the time the loan is 90 days past due unless the credit is well-secured and in process of collection. Past-due status is based on contractual terms of the loan. Loans may be placed on nonaccrual or charged off at an earlier date if collection of principal or interest is considered doubtful.

All interest accrued but not collected for loans that are placed on nonaccrual or charged off is reversed against interest income. The interest subsequently collected on these loans is applied to the principal balance until the loan can be returned to an accrual status, which is no less than six months. Loans are returned to accrual status when all the principal and interest amounts contractually due are brought current and future payments are reasonably assured.

For all loan portfolio segments, the Company charges off loans, or portions thereof, when available information confirms that specific loans are uncollectable based on information that includes, but is not limited to, (1) the deteriorating financial condition of the borrower, (2) declining collateral values, and/or (3) legal action, including bankruptcy, that impairs the borrower’s ability to adequately meet its obligations.

For loan modifications, interest income is recognized on an accrual basis at the renegotiated rate if the loan is in compliance with the modified terms.

The Company offers mortgage warehouse repurchase agreements to third parties to fund mortgage loans held for sale from closing until sale to an investor. Under a warehousing arrangement, the Company funds a mortgage loan as secured financing. The warehousing arrangement is secured by the underlying mortgages and a combination of deposits, personal guarantees, and advance rates, and may be cross-collateralized with other loans. The Company typically holds the collateral until it is sent under a bailee arrangement instructing the investor to send proceeds to the Company. Typical investors are large financial institutions or government agencies. Interest earned from the time of funding to the time of sale is recognized as interest income as accrued. Warehouse fees are accrued as noninterest income.

ACL-Loans

The Company adopted CECL on January 1, 2022. CECL replaced the previous “Allowance for Loan and Lease Losses” standard for measuring credit losses on an incurred basis. Upon adoption of CECL, the difference in the two measurements was recorded in the ACL-Loans and retained earnings.

The ACL-Loans is the Company’s estimate of current expected life of loan credit losses. Loans receivable is presented net of the allowance to reflect the principal balance expected to be collected over the contractual term of the loans. This life of loan allowance is established through a provision for credit losses included in net interest income after provision for credit losses as loans are recorded in the financial statements. The provision for a reporting period also reflects increases or decreases in the allowance related to changes in credit loss expectations. Actual credit losses are charged against the allowance when management believes the loan balance, or a portion thereof, is uncollectible. Subsequent recoveries, if any, are credited to the allowance.

The ACL-Loans is evaluated on a regular basis by management and is based upon management’s periodic review of the collectability of the loans considering relevant available information from internal and external sources, including historical experience, the nature and volume of the loan portfolio, adverse situations that may affect the

borrower’s ability to repay, estimated value of any underlying collateral, and prevailing economic conditions. The allowance also incorporates reasonable and supportable forecasts. This evaluation is inherently subjective, as it requires estimates that are susceptible to significant revision as more information becomes available. The level of the ACL-Loans is believed to be adequate to absorb expected future losses in the loan portfolio as of the measurement date.

The ACL-Loans consists of individually evaluated loans and pooled loan components. The Company’s primary portfolio segmentation is by loans with similar risk characteristics. Loans risk graded substandard and worse are individually evaluated for expected credit losses. For individually evaluated loans that are collateral dependent, the Company may use the fair value of the collateral, less estimated costs to sell, as a practical expedient as of the reporting date to determine the carrying amount of an asset and the allowance for credit losses, as applicable. A loan is considered to be collateral dependent when repayment is expected to be provided substantially through the operation or the sale of the collateral when the borrower is experiencing financial difficulty as of the reporting date.

To calculate the ACL-Loans, the portfolio is segmented by loans with similar risk characteristics.

Loan Portfolio Segment

ACL-Loans Methodology

 

Mortgage warehouse repurchase agreements

Remaining Life Method

Residential real estate loans

Discounted Cash Flow

Multi-family financing

Discounted Cash Flow

Healthcare financing

Discounted Cash Flow

Commercial and commercial real estate

Discounted Cash Flow

Agricultural production and real estate

Remaining Life Method

Consumer and margin loans

Remaining Life Method

Loan characteristics used in determining the segmentation include the underlying collateral, type or purpose of the loan, and expected credit loss patterns. The initial estimate of expected credit losses for each segment is based on historical credit loss experience and management’s judgement. Given the Company’s modest historical credit loss experience, peer and industry data was incorporated into the measurement. Expected life of loan credit losses are quantified using discounted cash flows and remaining life methodologies.

Model results are supplemented by qualitative adjustments for risk factors relevant in assessing the expected credit losses within the portfolio segments. These adjustments may increase or decrease the estimate of expected credit losses based upon the assessed level of risk for each qualitative factor.

The models utilized and the applicable qualitative adjustments require assumptions and management judgement that can be subjective in nature. The above measurement approach is also used to estimate the expected credit losses associated with unfunded loan commitments, which also incorporates expected utilization rates.

ACL-OBCEs

The allowance for credit losses on OBCEs is a liability account representing expected credit losses over the contractual period for which the Company is exposed to credit risk resulting from a contractual obligation to extend credit. It is reported in other liabilities on the consolidated balance sheets. No allowance is recognized if the Company has the unconditional right to cancel the obligation. OBCEs primarily consist of amounts available under outstanding lines of credit and letters of credit. For the period of exposure, the estimate of expected credit losses considers both the likelihood that funding will occur, and the amount expected to be funded over the estimated remaining life of the commitment or other off-balance sheet exposure. The likelihood and expected amount of funding are based on historical utilization rates. The amount of the allowance represents management’s best estimate of expected credit losses on commitments expected to be funded over the contractual life of the commitment. The allowance for OBCEs is adjusted through the statement of income as a component of provision for credit loss.

ACL-Guarantees

The allowance for credit losses on ACL-Guarantees is a liability account representing expected credit losses over the contractual period for which the Company is exposed to credit risk, resulting from a reimbursement and security agreement with Freddie Mac. This agreement was associated with the Company’s May 2022 securitization arrangement. The Company agreed to reimburse Freddie Mac for a first loss position in the underlying loan portfolio, not to exceed 12% of the unpaid principal amount of the loans comprising the securitization pool at settlement. The ACL – Guarantee is reported in other liabilities on the consolidated balance sheets and had a remaining balance of $0.8 million as of December 31, 2024. For the period of exposure, the estimate of expected credit losses considers both the likelihood that losses will occur and the amount of losses over the estimated remaining life of the guarantee. The likelihood and expected losses are based on historical loan loss experience from peers, as well as from similar loans in our ACL-Loans, for each class of loans. The amount of the allowance represents management’s best estimate of expected credit losses over the contractual life of the commitment. The ACL - Guarantees is adjusted through the statement of income as a component of provision for credit loss. Also see Note 5: Loans and Allowance for Credit Losses.

Premises and Equipment

Premises and Equipment

Depreciable assets are stated at cost less accumulated depreciation. Depreciation is charged to expense using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the assets.

The estimated useful lives for premises and equipment are as follows:

Buildings

    

7 to 40

years

Leasehold improvements

 

2 to 11

years

Software and intangible assets

4 to 10

years

Furniture, fixtures, and equipment

 

3 to 15

years

Vehicles

 

5

years

Expenditures for property and equipment and for renewals or betterments that extend the originally estimated economic life of the assets are capitalized. Expenditures for maintenance and repairs are charged to expense. When an asset is retired or otherwise disposed of, the cost and accumulated depreciation are removed from the accounts and any gain or loss is included in the results of operations.

Leases

Leases

The Company has operating leases for various locations with terms ranging from one to seven years. Operating leases are included in other assets and other liabilities on the consolidated balance sheets and lease expense for lease payments is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term. ROU assets and liabilities are recognized at the lease commencement date based on the present value of lease payments over the term. An ROU asset represents the right to use the underlying asset for the lease term and also includes any direct costs and payments made prior to lease commencement and excludes lease incentives. When an implicit rate is not available, an incremental borrowing rate based on the information available at commencement date is used in determining the present value of the lease payments. The Company elected not to separate non-lease components from lease components for its operating leases. A lease term may include an option to extend or terminate the lease when it is reasonably certain the option will be exercised. Renewal and termination options are considered when determining short-term leases. Leases are accounted for at the individual level.

FHLB Stock and Other Equity Securities

FHLB Stock and Other Equity Securities

FHLB stock is a required investment for institutions that are members of a FHLB. The required investment in the common stock is based on a predetermined formula, carried at cost and evaluated for impairment.

The Company reports the carrying value of other equity securities utilizing the measurement alternative election, reflecting any impairments or other adjustments if observable price changes occur for identical or similar investments of the same issuer.

Other Real Estate Owned

Other Real Estate Owned

Assets acquired through, or in lieu of, loan foreclosure are classified as other assets and are initially recorded at fair value less cost to sell at the date of foreclosure, establishing a new cost basis. After foreclosure, valuations are periodically performed by management and the assets are carried at the lower of carrying amount or fair value less cost to sell. Revenue and expenses from operations and changes in the valuation allowance are included in net income or expense from other real estate.

Servicing Rights

Servicing Rights

Servicing assets are recognized separately when rights are acquired through purchase or through sale of financial assets. Under the servicing assets and liabilities accounting guidance (ASC 860-50), servicing rights resulting from the sale or securitization of loans originated by the Company are initially measured at fair value at the date of transfer. The Company has elected to initially and subsequently measure the servicing rights for loans using the fair value method. Under the fair value method, the servicing rights are carried on the balance sheet at fair value and the changes in fair value are reported in earnings in the period in which the changes occur.

Fair value is based on market prices for comparable mortgage servicing contracts, when available, or alternatively, is based on a valuation model that calculates the present value of estimated future net servicing income. The valuation model is from an independent third party and it incorporates assumptions that market participants would use in estimating future net servicing income, such as the cost to service, the discount rate, the custodial earnings rate, an inflation rate, ancillary income, prepayment speeds, prepayment penalties, and default rates and losses. These variables change from quarter to quarter as market conditions and projected interest rates change, and any change in fair values is recorded to noninterest income.

Servicing fee income is recorded when fees are earned for servicing loans. The fees are based on a contractual percentage of the outstanding principal or a fixed amount per loan and are recorded as income. The change in the fair value of the mortgage-servicing rights is netted against loan servicing fee income.

Goodwill

Goodwill

Goodwill is tested annually for impairment or more frequently if impairment indicators are present. If the implied fair value of goodwill is lower than its carrying amount, a goodwill impairment is indicated and goodwill is written down to its implied fair value. Subsequent increases in goodwill value are not recognized in the financial statements.

Other Assets

Other Assets

Investment in Low-Income Housing Tax Credit Limited Partnerships or LLC

The Company accounts for its investment in affordable housing tax credit limited partnerships or LLCs using the proportional amortization method described in FASB ASU 2014-01, “Investments—Equity Method and Joint Ventures (Topic 323): Accounting for Investments in Low-Income Housing Tax Credit Projects (A Consensus of the FASB Emerging Issues Task Force)”, which was updated in March 2023 and released as FASB ASU 2023-02. Under the proportional amortization method, an investor amortizes the initial cost of the investment to income tax expense in proportion to the tax credits and other tax benefits received and recognizes the net investment performance in the statement of income as a component of income tax expense. The investment in the limited partnerships or LLCs are included in other assets and unfunded commitments are grossed up in other liabilities in the consolidated balance sheets. During the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023, and 2022, the Company sold some of these assets to funds in which it is a general partner and, in some cases, holds a minority interest in the limited partnership or LLC.

Joint Ventures and Equity Method Accounting

Joint Ventures and Equity Method Accounting

The Company accounts for its investments in joint ventures according to ASU 2023-02 – Investments – Equity Method and Joint Ventures (Topic 323): Accounting for Investments in Tax Credit Structures Using the Proportional

Amortization Method. The investment in the limited partnerships or LLCs are included in other assets and unfunded commitments are grossed up in other liabilities on the consolidated balance sheets.

Intangible Assets

Intangible Assets

Until the sale of its FMBI branches in January 2024, intangible assets, which included licenses and trade names, were amortized over a period ranging from 84 to 120 months using a straight-line method of amortization. Customer list intangible assets were amortized over 21 months using a straight-line method of amortization. Also included were core deposit intangibles that are amortized over a 10-year period using the accelerated sum of the years digits method of amortization. The only intangible asset remaining as of December 31, 2024 is a trade name that is being amortized over 120 months using a straight-line method of amortization. The balance of intangible assets are no longer material and therefore included in other assets. On a periodic basis, the Company evaluates events and circumstances that may indicate a change in the recoverability of the carrying value.

Freestanding Credit Enhancements

Freestanding Credit Enhancements

Freestanding credit enhancements, such as credit default swaps that qualify for a scope exception under ASC 815 - Derivatives and Hedging, are used to mitigate credit risk on certain loans included in identified reference pools. These instruments are accounted for separately from the loans they protect. The Company does not offset its estimate of expected credit losses with potential recoveries from these enhancements. This ensures that the ACL-Loans reflects the Company's own credit risk exposure. Instead, any expected recoveries are recognized as separate assets and measured using assumptions consistent with the loss estimate for the protected loans. These enhancements are recognized in other assets and other noninterest income when the criteria for recognition are met. The nature, terms, and additional details on these enhancements are described in Note 11: Other Assets and Receivables.

Income Taxes

Income Taxes

The Company accounts for income taxes in accordance with income tax accounting guidance (ASC 740, Income Taxes). The income tax accounting guidance results in two components of income tax expense: current and deferred. Current income tax expense reflects taxes to be paid or refunded for the current period by applying the provisions of the enacted tax law to the taxable income or excess of deductions over revenues. The Company determines deferred income taxes using the liability (or balance sheet) method. Under this method, the net deferred tax asset or liability is based on the tax effects of the differences between the book and tax bases of assets and liabilities, and enacted changes in tax rates and laws are recognized in the period in which they occur. Deferred income tax expense results from changes in deferred tax assets and liabilities between periods. Deferred tax assets are reduced by a valuation allowance if, based on the weight of evidence available, it is more likely than not that some portion or all of a deferred tax asset will not be realized.

Uncertain tax positions are recognized if it is more likely than not, based on the technical merits, that the tax position will be realized or sustained upon examination. The term more likely than not means a likelihood of more than 50 percent; the terms examined and upon examination also include resolution of the related appeals or litigation processes, if any. A tax position that meets the more-likely-than-not recognition threshold is initially and subsequently measured as the largest amount of tax benefit that has a greater than 50 percent likelihood of being realized upon settlement with a taxing authority that has full knowledge of all relevant information. The determination of whether or not a tax position has met the more-likely-than-not recognition threshold considers the facts, circumstances and information available at the reporting date and is subject to management’s judgment. With a few exceptions, the Company is no longer subject to U.S. federal, state and local or non-U.S. income tax examinations by tax authorities for years before 2021.

The Company recognizes interest and penalties, if any, as other noninterest expense.

The Company files consolidated income tax returns with its subsidiaries.

Earnings Per Share

Earnings Per Share

Basic earnings per share is the Company’s net income available to common shareholders, which represents net income less dividends paid or payable to preferred stock shareholders and previously capitalized issuance expenses related to preferred share redemptions, if any, divided by the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding during each period. Diluted earnings per share is calculated in the same manner as basic earnings per share, but also reflects the issuance of additional common shares that would have been dilutive if such shares had been outstanding, as well as any adjustment to income that would result from the assumed issuance.

Share based Compensation Plans

Share-based Compensation Plans

The Company has an equity incentive plan that provides for annual awards of shares to certain members of senior management based upon the Company’s performance and attainment of certain performance goals established by the Board of Directors. Share awards are valued at the estimated fair value on the date of the award and generally vest over three years. Compensation expense for the awards is recognized in the consolidated financial statements ratably over the vesting period.

In 2018, the Compensation Committee of the Board of Directors also approved a plan for non-executive directors to receive a portion of their annual fees in the form of restricted common stock, which has been issued once per year, subsequent to the annual meeting of shareholders. This plan was amended to issue allocated shares on a quarterly basis, beginning after the Company’s 2021 annual meeting of shareholders.

In 2020, the Company established an ESOP to provide certain benefits for all employees who meet certain requirements.

Revenue Recognition

Revenue Recognition

The Company’s principal source of revenue is interest income from loans, investment securities and other financial instruments that are not within the scope of Accounting Standards Codification Topic 606, “Revenue from Contracts with Customers”. The Company has evaluated the nature of its contracts with customers and determined that further disaggregation of revenue from contracts with customers into more granular categories beyond what is presented in the consolidated statements of income was not necessary. Because performance obligations are satisfied as services are rendered and the transaction prices are fixed, there is little judgment involved in applying Topic 606 that significantly affects the determination of the amount and timing of revenue from contracts with customers.

The Company recognizes revenues as they are earned based on contractual terms, as transactions occur, or as services are provided and collectability is reasonably assured.

Interest income on loans is accrued as earned using the interest method based on unpaid principal balances, except for interest on loans in nonaccrual status. Interest on loans in nonaccrual status is recorded as a reduction of loan principal when received.

The Company also earns other noninterest income through a variety of financial and transaction services provided to corporate and consumer clients such as deposit service charges, debit card network fees, safe deposit box rental fees, LIHTC syndication, and asset management fees. Revenue is recorded for noninterest income based on the contractual terms for the service or transaction performed.

Comprehensive Income

Comprehensive Income (Loss)

Comprehensive income consists of net income and other comprehensive income (loss), net of applicable income taxes. Other comprehensive income (loss) and accumulated other comprehensive loss consist of unrealized appreciation (depreciation) on available for sale investment securities and reclassification adjustments for investment gains/(losses) on the sale of available for sale investment securities.

Derivative Financial Instruments

Derivative Financial Instruments

The Company enters into non-hedging designated, derivative financial instruments as part of its interest rate and credit risk management strategies. These derivative financial instruments consist primarily of interest rate locks, forward sale commitments, interest rate swaps, put options, interest rate floor contracts, and credit default swaps. These derivative instruments are recorded on the consolidated balance sheets, as either an asset or liability, at their fair value. Changes in fair value of all derivatives are recognized in noninterest income on the consolidated statements of income with the exception of the credit default swaps that are recognized in noninterest expense on the consolidated statements of income. The Company also offers interest rate swaps to some customers and enters an offsetting contract with a third-party dealer. These derivatives generally work together as an economic interest rate hedge, but the Company does not designate them for hedge accounting treatment. Consequently, changes in fair value of the corresponding derivative financial asset or liability are recorded as either a charge or credit to current earnings during the period in which the changes occurred, typically resulting in no net earnings impact.

New Accounting Pronouncements Not Yet Adopted

New Accounting Pronouncements Not Yet Adopted

The Company continually monitors potential FASB accounting pronouncement and SEC release changes. The following pronouncements and releases have been deemed to have the most applicability to the Company’s consolidated financial statements:

FASB ASU 2023-09 - Income Taxes (Topic 740): Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures

In December 2023, the FASB issued an ASU update that will require public business entity’s disclosures to include a tabular tax rate reconciliation. The update will also require all public entities disclose income tax expense and taxes paid broken down by federal, state, and foreign with a disaggregation for jurisdictions that exceed 5% of income for taxes paid.

The updates in ASU 2023-09 are effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2024. An entity shall apply the ASU on a prospective basis to financial statements for annual periods beginning after the effective date. The Company does not expect it to have a material impact on the Company’s financial position or results of operations.

FASB ASU 2024-03 - Income Statement – Reporting Comprehensive Income – Expense Disaggregation Disclosures (Subtopic 220-40): Disaggregation of Income Statement Expenses

In November 2024, the FASB issued an ASU update which is intended to provide more detailed information about specified categories of expenses (purchases of inventory, employee compensation, depreciation and amortization) included in certain expense captions presented on the face of our consolidated statements of income.

The updates in ASU 2024-03 are effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2026, and interim reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2027. An entity shall apply the ASU on a prospective basis to financial statements for annual periods beginning after the effective date. The Company is continuing to evaluate the impact of adopting this new guidance.

v3.25.0.1
Nature of Operations and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Tables)
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2024
Nature of Operations and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies  
Schedule of allowance for credit loss on loan methodology by loan portfolio segment

Loan Portfolio Segment

ACL-Loans Methodology

 

Mortgage warehouse repurchase agreements

Remaining Life Method

Residential real estate loans

Discounted Cash Flow

Multi-family financing

Discounted Cash Flow

Healthcare financing

Discounted Cash Flow

Commercial and commercial real estate

Discounted Cash Flow

Agricultural production and real estate

Remaining Life Method

Consumer and margin loans

Remaining Life Method

Schedule of estimated useful lives

Buildings

    

7 to 40

years

Leasehold improvements

 

2 to 11

years

Software and intangible assets

4 to 10

years

Furniture, fixtures, and equipment

 

3 to 15

years

Vehicles

 

5

years

v3.25.0.1
Investment Securities (Tables)
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2024
Investment Securities  
Schedule of amortized cost and approximate fair values, together with gross unrealized gains and losses

December 31, 2024

Gross

Gross

Amortized

Unrealized

Unrealized

Fair

    

Cost

    

Gains

    

Losses

    

Value

(In thousands)

Securities available for sale:

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

Treasury notes

$

89,898

$

108

$

$

90,006

Federal agencies

 

253,218

 

 

282

 

252,936

Mortgage-backed - Government Agency (2) - multi-family

 

1,162

 

 

 

1,162

Mortgage-backed - Non-Agency residential - fair value option (1)

430,779

430,779

Mortgage-backed - Agency - residential - fair value option (1)

205,167

205,167

Total securities available for sale

$

980,224

$

108

$

282

$

980,050

Securities held to maturity:

Mortgage-backed - Non-Agency - multi-family

$

592,053

$

$

1,162

$

590,891

Mortgage-backed - Non-Agency - residential

526,242

1,871

75

528,038

Mortgage-backed - Non-Agency - healthcare

534,538

374

534,912

Mortgage-backed - Agency - multi-family

11,853

1,020

10,833

Total securities held to maturity

$

1,664,686

$

2,245

$

2,257

$

1,664,674

FHLB and other equity securities (3)

$

217,804

(1)Fair value option securities represent securities which the Company has elected to carry at fair value with changes in the fair value recognized in earnings as they occur.
(2)Agency includes government sponsored entities, such as Fannie Mae, Freddie Mac, Ginnie Mae, FHLB, and FCB.
(3)The Company reports the carrying value utilizing the measurement alternative election, reflecting any impairments or other adjustments if observable price changes occur for identical or similar investments of the same issuer.

December 31, 2023

Gross

Gross

Amortized

Unrealized

Unrealized

Fair

    

Cost

    

Gains

    

Losses

    

Value

(In thousands)

Securities available for sale:

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

Treasury notes

$

129,261

$

45

$

338

$

128,968

Federal agencies

 

250,731

 

 

2,976

 

247,755

Mortgage-backed - Government Agency (2) - multi-family

 

14,465

 

5

 

3

 

14,467

Mortgage-backed - Non-Agency residential - fair value option (1)

485,500

485,500

Mortgage-backed - Agency - residential - fair value option (1)

236,997

236,997

Total securities available for sale

$

1,116,954

$

50

$

3,317

$

1,113,687

Securities held to maturity:

Mortgage-backed - Non-Agency - multi-family

$

719,662

$

$

415

$

719,247

Mortgage-backed - Non-Agency - residential

472,539

973

418

473,094

Mortgage-backed - Agency - multi-family

12,016

822

11,194

Total securities held to maturity

$

1,204,217

$

973

$

1,655

$

1,203,535

(1)Fair value option securities represent securities which the Company has elected to carry at fair value with changes in the fair value recognized in earnings as they occur.
(2)Agency includes government sponsored entities, such as Fannie Mae, Freddie Mac, Ginnie Mae, FHLB, and FCB.
Schedule of amortized cost and fair value of available-for-sale securities and held to maturity securities by contractual maturity

December 31, 2024

Amortized

Fair

    

Cost

    

Value

    

Securities available for sale:

(In thousands)

Within one year

$

89,898

$

90,006

After one through five years

 

253,218

 

252,936

 

343,116

 

342,942

Mortgage-backed - Agency - multi-family

1,162

1,162

Mortgage-backed - Non-Agency residential - fair value option

430,779

430,779

Mortgage-backed - Agency - residential - fair value option

 

205,167

 

205,167

$

980,224

$

980,050

Securities held to maturity:

Mortgage-backed - Non-Agency - multi-family

$

592,053

$

590,891

Mortgage-backed - Non-Agency - residential

526,242

528,038

Mortgage-backed - Non-Agency - healthcare

534,538

534,912

Mortgage-backed - Agency - multi-family

11,853

 

10,833

$

1,664,686

$

1,664,674

Schedule of gross unrealized losses and fair value of investments with unrealized losses have been in continuous

December 31, 2024

12 Months or

Less than 12 Months

 Longer

Total

Gross

Gross

Gross

Fair

  Unrealized  

      Fair      

Unrealized

Fair

Unrealized

    

Value

    

Losses

    

      Value      

    

Losses

    

Value

    

Losses

(In thousands)

Securities available for sale:

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

Federal agencies

$

252,936

$

282

$

$

$

252,936

$

282

December 31, 2023

12 Months or

Less than 12 Months

Longer

Total

    

    

Gross

    

    

Gross

    

    

Gross

Fair

Unrealized

Fair

Unrealized

Fair

Unrealized

Value

Losses

Value

Losses

Value

Losses

(In thousands)

Securities available for sale:

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

Treasury notes

$

3,052

$

6

$

32,080

$

332

$

35,132

$

338

Federal agencies

60,541

189

167,213

2,787

227,754

2,976

Mortgage-backed - Agency - multi-family

364

1

186

2

550

3

$

63,957

$

196

$

199,479

$

3,121

$

263,436

$

3,317

v3.25.0.1
Loans and Allowance for Credit Losses on Loans (Tables)
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2024
Loans and Allowance for Credit Losses on Loans  
Schedule of loans

December 31, 

December 31, 

    

2024

    

2023

(In thousands)

Mortgage warehouse repurchase agreements

$

1,446,068

$

752,468

Residential real estate(1)

 

1,322,853

 

1,324,305

Multi-family financing

 

4,624,299

 

4,006,160

Healthcare financing

1,484,483

2,356,689

Commercial and commercial real estate(2)(3)

 

1,476,211

 

1,643,081

Agricultural production and real estate

 

77,631

 

103,150

Consumer and margin loans

 

6,843

 

13,700

Loans Receivable

 

10,438,388

 

10,199,553

Less:

 

  

 

  

ACL - Loans

 

84,386

 

71,752

Loans Receivable, net

$

10,354,002

$

10,127,801

(1)Includes $1.2 billion and $1.2 billion of All-in-One© first-lien home equity lines of credit at December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.
(2)Includes $908.9 million and $1.1 billion of revolving lines of credit collateralized primarily by mortgage servicing rights as of December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.
(3)Includes only $18.7 million and $8.4 million of non-owner occupied commercial real estate as of December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.
Schedule of the activity in the ACL-Loans by portfolio segment

At or For the Year Ended December 31, 2024

  

MTG WHRA

  

RES RE

  

MF FIN

  

HC FIN

CML & CRE

  

AG & AGRE

  

CON & MAR

  

TOTAL

(In thousands)

ACL - Loans

Balance, beginning of period

$

2,070

$

7,323

 

$

26,874

$

22,454

$

12,243

$

619

$

169

$

71,752

FMBI's ACL for loans sold

(55)

(186)

(2)

(92)

(246)

(12)

(593)

Provision for credit losses

 

1,746

 

(1,340)

 

33,674

(10,795)

 

276

 

166

 

(49)

 

23,678

Loans charged to the allowance

 

 

 

(5,282)

(3,095)

 

(2,210)

 

 

 

(10,587)

Recoveries of loans previously charged-off

 

 

14

 

46

 

76

 

 

136

Balance, end of period

$

3,816

$

5,942

$

55,126

$

8,562

$

10,293

$

539

$

108

$

84,386

At or For the Year Ended December 31, 2023

  

MTG WHRA

  

RES RE

  

MF FIN

  

HC FIN

CML & CRE

  

AG & AGRE

  

CON & MAR

  

TOTAL

(In thousands)

ACL - Loans

Balance, beginning of period

$

1,249

$

7,029

 

$

16,781

$

9,882

$

8,326

$

565

$

182

$

44,014

Provision for credit losses

 

821

 

328

 

18,493

12,572

 

5,232

 

54

 

(12)

 

37,488

Loans charged to the allowance

 

 

(34)

 

(8,400)

 

(1,356)

 

 

(1)

 

(9,791)

Recoveries of loans previously charged-off

 

 

 

 

41

 

 

41

Balance, end of period

$

2,070

$

7,323

$

26,874

$

22,454

$

12,243

$

619

$

169

$

71,752

For the Year Ended December 31, 2022

  

MTG WHRA

  

RES RE

  

MF FIN

  

HC FIN

CML & CRE

  

AG & AGRE

  

CON & MAR

  

TOTAL

(In thousands)

ACL - Loans

Balance, beginning of year

$

1,955

$

4,170

 

$

14,084

$

4,461

$

5,879

$

657

$

138

$

31,344

Impact of adopting CECL

41

 

275

 

520

139

 

(1,277)

 

(18)

 

21

 

(299)

Provision for credit losses

 

(747)

 

2,588

 

2,177

5,282

 

4,216

 

(74)

 

31

 

13,473

Loans charged to the allowance

 

 

(4)

 

 

(1,238)

 

 

(15)

 

(1,257)

Recoveries of loans previously charged off

 

 

 

 

746

 

 

7

 

753

Balance, end of year

$

1,249

$

7,029

$

16,781

$

9,882

$

8,326

$

565

$

182

$

44,014

Schedule of allowance for credit loss allocated to collateral dependent loans

December 31, 2024

 

Real Estate

 

Accounts Receivable / Equipment

 

Other

 

Total

 

ACL-Loans Allocation

(In thousands)

RES RE

$

6,153

$

 

$

$

6,153

$

31

MF FIN

 

227,054

 

 

693

 

227,747

 

22,265

HC FIN

73,225

73,225

2,569

CML & CRE

 

8,125

 

1,447

 

629

 

10,201

 

358

AG & AGRE

 

 

6

 

 

6

 

1

Total collateral dependent loans

$

314,557

$

1,453

$

1,322

$

317,332

$

25,224

December 31, 2023

 

Real Estate

 

Accounts Receivable / Equipment

 

Other

 

Total

 

ACL-Loans Allocation

(In thousands)

RES RE

$

1,557

$

 

$

3

$

1,560

$

21

MF FIN

46,575

 

 

 

46,575

 

521

HC FIN

73,909

73,909

6,289

CML & CRE

 

146

 

3,603

 

2,684

 

6,433

 

1,132

AG & AGRE

 

147

 

 

 

147

 

1

CON & MAR

 

3

3

Total collateral dependent loans

$

122,334

$

3,603

$

2,690

$

128,627

$

7,964

Schedule of credit risk profile of loan portfolio

December 31, 2024

    

2024

    

2023

    

2022

    

2021

    

2020

    

Prior

    

Revolving Loans

Total

(In thousands)

MTG WHRA

Pass

$

$

$

$

$

$

$

1,446,068

$

1,446,068

Total

$

$

$

$

$

$

$

1,446,068

$

1,446,068

Charge-offs

$

$

$

$

$

$

$

$

RES RE

Pass

$

40,363

$

30,750

$

8,212

$

6,181

$

18,712

$

6,210

$

1,206,272

$

1,316,700

Special Mention

Substandard

22

203

5,928

6,153

Total

$

40,363

$

30,750

$

8,234

$

6,181

$

18,712

$

6,413

$

1,212,200

$

1,322,853

Charge-offs

$

$

$

$

$

$

$

$

MF FIN

Pass

$

1,028,288

$

518,320

$

419,723

$

66,787

$

5,460

$

10,456

$

2,109,707

$

4,158,741

Special Mention

88,337

77,700

57,679

238

13,857

237,811

Substandard

18,884

105,553

76,093

2,550

24,667

227,747

Doubtful

Total

$

1,135,509

$

701,573

$

553,495

$

69,337

$

5,460

$

10,694

$

2,148,231

$

4,624,299

Charge-offs

$

$

870

$

4,412

$

$

$

$

$

5,282

HC FIN

Pass

$

460,259

$

112,223

$

466,393

$

$

$

$

234,316

$

1,273,191

Special Mention

32,547

8,900

96,620

138,067

Substandard

13,961

25,600

25,363

8,301

73,225

Total

$

506,767

$

137,823

$

475,293

$

25,363

$

$

$

339,237

$

1,484,483

Charge-offs

$

$

$

$

3,095

$

$

$

$

3,095

CML & CRE

Pass

$

52,323

$

45,999

$

107,451

$

48,903

$

16,264

$

18,216

$

1,172,763

$

1,461,919

Special Mention

2,331

1,633

52

75

4,091

Substandard

40

150

110

8,835

41

1,025

10,201

Doubtful

Total

$

52,363

$

46,149

$

109,892

$

59,371

$

16,264

$

18,309

$

1,173,863

$

1,476,211

Charge-offs

$

$

$

253

$

982

$

$

975

$

$

2,210

AG & AGRE

Pass

$

17,328

$

7,373

$

4,676

$

3,170

$

8,790

$

13,705

$

22,583

$

77,625

Special Mention

Substandard

6

6

Total

$

17,328

$

7,379

$

4,676

$

3,170

$

8,790

$

13,705

$

22,583

$

77,631

Charge-offs

$

$

$

$

$

$

$

$

CON & MAR

Pass

$

326

$

75

$

18

$

9

$

$

4,151

$

2,264

$

6,843

Special Mention

Substandard

Total

$

326

$

75

$

18

$

9

$

$

4,151

$

2,264

$

6,843

Charge-offs

$

$

$

$

$

$

$

$

Total Pass

$

1,598,887

$

714,740

$

1,006,473

$

125,050

$

49,226

$

52,738

$

6,193,973

$

9,741,087

Total Special Mention

$

120,884

$

77,700

$

68,910

$

1,633

$

$

290

$

110,552

$

379,969

Total Substandard

$

32,885

$

131,309

$

76,225

$

36,748

$

$

244

$

39,921

$

317,332

Total Doubtful

$

$

$

$

$

$

$

$

Total Loans

$

1,752,656

$

923,749

$

1,151,608

$

163,431

$

49,226

$

53,272

$

6,344,446

$

10,438,388

Total Charge-offs

$

$

870

$

4,665

$

4,077

$

$

975

$

$

10,587

December 31, 2023

    

2023

    

2022

    

2021

    

2020

    

2019

    

Prior

    

Revolving Loans

    

Total

(In thousands)

MTG WHRA

Pass

$

$

$

$

$

$

$

752,468

$

752,468

Total

$

$

$

$

$

$

$

752,468

$

752,468

Charge-offs

$

$

$

$

$

$

$

$

RES RE

Pass

$

31,011

$

10,086

$

6,573

$

22,725

$

3,298

$

9,340

$

1,239,161

$

1,322,194

Special Mention

59

492

551

Substandard

288

1,272

1,560

Total

$

31,011

$

10,086

$

6,573

$

22,725

$

3,357

$

10,120

$

1,240,433

$

1,324,305

Charge-offs

$

$

$

$

$

$

21

$

13

$

34

MF FIN

Pass

$

1,094,698

$

762,448

$

208,343

$

77,340

$

29,764

$

8,455

$

1,646,445

$

3,827,493

Special Mention

94,973

3,189

8,400

1,477

24,052

132,091

Substandard

11,682

28,360

6,534

46,576

Total

$

1,201,353

$

793,997

$

223,277

$

77,340

$

29,764

$

9,932

$

1,670,497

$

4,006,160

Charge-offs

$

$

8,400

$

$

$

$

$

$

8,400

HC FIN

Pass

$

752,591

$

996,273

$

110,197

$

$

14,563

$

$

351,110

$

2,224,734

Special Mention

35,869

9,520

12,658

58,047

Substandard

25,600

10,625

28,783

8,900

73,908

Total

$

814,060

$

1,016,418

$

138,980

$

$

14,563

$

$

372,668

$

2,356,689

Charge-offs

$

$

$

$

$

$

$

$

CML & CRE

Pass

$

51,110

$

119,386

$

77,316

$

21,154

$

21,088

$

17,066

$

1,328,980

$

1,636,100

Special Mention

292

172

84

548

Substandard

70

1,701

878

62

3,672

6,383

Doubtful

50

50

Total

$

51,110

$

119,456

$

79,309

$

22,204

$

21,150

$

17,200

$

1,332,652

$

1,643,081

Charge-offs

$

$

496

$

274

$

586

$

$

$

$

1,356

AG & AGRE

Pass

$

16,850

$

9,825

$

6,490

$

14,267

$

5,237

$

16,606

$

33,728

$

103,003

Special Mention

Substandard

147

147

Total

$

16,850

$

9,825

$

6,490

$

14,267

$

5,237

$

16,753

$

33,728

$

103,150

Charge-offs

$

$

$

$

$

$

$

$

CON & MAR

Pass

$

748

$

4,329

$

247

$

115

$

27

$

4,339

$

3,862

$

13,667

Special Mention

15

15

30

Substandard

3

3

Total

$

748

$

4,329

$

247

$

130

$

42

$

4,342

$

3,862

$

13,700

Charge-offs

$

$

$

$

$

$

1

$

$

1

Total Pass

$

1,947,008

$

1,902,347

$

409,166

$

135,601

$

73,977

$

55,806

$

5,355,754

$

9,879,659

Total Special Mention

$

130,842

$

12,709

$

8,692

$

187

$

74

$

2,053

$

36,710

$

191,267

Total Substandard

$

37,282

$

39,055

$

37,018

$

878

$

62

$

438

$

13,844

$

128,577

Total Doubtful

$

$

$

$

$

$

50

$

$

50

Total Loans

$

2,115,132

$

1,954,111

$

454,876

$

136,666

$

74,113

$

58,347

$

5,406,308

$

10,199,553

Total Charge-offs

$

$

8,896

$

274

$

586

$

$

22

$

13

$

9,791

Schedule of aging analysis of the recorded investment in loans

December 31, 2024

    

30-59 Days

    

60-89 Days

    

90+ Days

    

Total

    

    

Total

Past Due

Past Due

Past Due

Past Due

Current

Loans

(In thousands)

MTG WHRA

$

 

$

$

$

$

1,446,068

$

1,446,068

RES RE

 

1,294

 

3,797

 

2,339

 

7,430

 

1,315,423

 

1,322,853

MF FIN

 

8,497

 

11,148

 

201,508

 

221,153

 

4,403,146

 

4,624,299

HC FIN

 

 

59,264

 

59,264

 

1,425,219

 

1,484,483

CML & CRE

 

596

 

688

 

3,047

 

4,331

 

1,471,880

 

1,476,211

AG & AGRE

 

73

 

 

12

 

85

 

77,546

 

77,631

CON & MAR

 

 

 

 

 

6,843

 

6,843

$

10,460

$

15,633

$

266,170

$

292,263

$

10,146,125

$

10,438,388

December 31, 2023

    

30-59 Days

  

60-89 Days

  

90+ Days

  

Total

  

  

Total

Past Due

Past Due

Past Due

Past Due

Current

Loans

(In thousands)

MTG WHRA

$

 

$

$

$

$

752,468

$

752,468

RES RE

 

4,557

 

 

2,379

 

6,936

 

1,317,369

 

1,324,305

MF FIN

 

38,218

 

11,055

 

39,609

 

88,882

 

3,917,278

 

4,006,160

HC FIN

 

47,275

 

35,999

 

83,274

 

2,273,415

 

2,356,689

CML & CRE

 

172

 

393

 

3,665

 

4,230

 

1,638,851

 

1,643,081

AG & AGRE

 

27

 

11

 

147

 

185

 

102,965

 

103,150

CON & MAR

 

1

 

3

 

18

 

22

 

13,678

 

13,700

$

42,975

$

58,737

$

81,817

$

183,529

$

10,016,024

$

10,199,553

Schedule of nonaccrual loans and loans past due 90 days or more and still accruing

December 31, 

December 31, 

2024

2023

Total Loans >

Total Loans >

90 Days &

90 Days &

    

Nonaccrual

    

Accruing

    

Nonaccrual

    

Accruing

(In thousands)

RES RE

$

6,154

$

$

1,486

$

894

MF FIN

 

201,508

 

 

39,608

 

HC FIN

69,001

 

 

28,783

 

7,216

CML & CRE

 

3,047

 

3,820

43

AG & AGRE

 

6

 

6

 

147

 

CON & MAR

 

 

 

3

 

15

$

279,716

$

6

$

73,847

$

8,168

Schedule of company's modified loans

December 31, 2024

December 31, 2023

    

Payment Delay

    

Term Extension

    

Total Class of Financing Receivable

    

% of Total Class of Financing Receivable

Payment Delay

    

Term Extension

    

Total Class of Financing Receivable

    

% of Total Class of Financing Receivable

(In thousands)

(In thousands)

MF FIN

 

$

40,398

 

$

51,786

 

$

92,184

 

2

%

$

 

$

 

$

 

%

HC FIN

9,737

4,224

13,961

1

%

%

CML & CRE

%

3,553

3,553

%

Total

$

50,135

$

56,010

$

106,145

1

%

$

3,553

$

$

3,553

%

December 31, 2024

Term Extension

Payment Delay

Loan Type

Financial Effect

Financial Effect

MF FIN

Added a weighted average 23 months to the life of loans.

Forbearance average of 7 months.

HC FIN

Added a weighted average 12 months to the life of loans.

Forbearance average of 6 months.

December 31, 2023

Term Extension

Payment Delay

Loan Type

Financial Effect

Financial Effect

CML & CRE

Forbearance average of 12 months.

    

    

    

30 - 89 Days

    

90+ Days

    

Total

Current

Past Due

Past Due

Loans

(In thousands)

MF FIN

$

78,519

$

13,665

$

$

92,184

HC FIN

13,961

13,961

Total

$

78,519

$

27,626

$

$

106,145

v3.25.0.1
Premises and Equipment (Tables)
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2024
Premises and Equipment  
Schedule of premises and equipment stated at cost

December 31, 

    

2024

    

2023

(In thousands)

Land

$

8,016

$

8,099

Buildings

 

28,200

 

29,291

Building and remodeling in progress

 

20,453

 

2,489

Leasehold improvements

 

1,017

 

352

Furniture, fixtures, equipment and software

 

14,335

 

13,321

Total cost

 

72,021

 

53,552

Accumulated depreciation

 

(13,404)

 

(11,210)

Net premises and equipment

$

58,617

$

42,342

v3.25.0.1
Loan Servicing (Tables)
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2024
Loan Servicing  
Schedule of mortgage servicing rights measured using fair value method

For the Year Ended

December 31, 

    

2024

2023

    

2022

 

(In thousands)

Balance, beginning of period

$

158,457

$

146,248

$

110,348

Purchased servicing

 

 

513

 

Originated servicing

 

18,670

 

14,755

 

27,124

Paydowns

 

(9,901)

 

(7,621)

 

(10,985)

Changes in fair value due to changes in valuation inputs or assumptions used in the valuation model

 

22,709

 

4,562

 

19,761

Balance, end of period

$

189,935

$

158,457

$

146,248

v3.25.0.1
Goodwill (Tables)
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2024
Goodwill.  
Schedule of goodwill

2024

2023

2022

Multi-family

    

Banking

    

Warehouse

    

Total

    

Multi-family

    

Banking

    

Warehouse

    

Total

    

Multi-family

    

Banking

    

Warehouse

    

Total

(In thousands)

(In thousands)

(In thousands)

Balance, beginning of period

$

3,791

$

8,353

$

3,701

$

15,845

$

3,791

$

8,353

$

3,701

$

15,845

$

3,791

$

8,353

$

3,701

$

15,845

Sale of FMBI branches

(7,831)

(7,831)

Balance, end of period

$

3,791

$

522

$

3,701

$

8,014

$

3,791

$

8,353

$

3,701

$

15,845

$

3,791

$

8,353

$

3,701

$

15,845

v3.25.0.1
Qualified Affordable Housing and Other Tax Credits (Tables)
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2024
Qualified Affordable Housing and Other Tax Credits  
Schedule of investments and unfunded commitments of qualified affordable housing

December 31, 2024

December 31, 2023

(In thousands)

Investment

Accounting Method

Investment

Unfunded Commitments

Investment

Unfunded Commitments

LIHTC

Proportional amortization

$

123,574

$

93,929

$

78,718

$

61,411

LIHTC (1)

Lower of cost or market

56,533

52,675

LIHTC subtotal

$

180,107

$

93,929

$

131,393

$

61,411

Joint Venture

Consolidated

10,937

11,000

Total

$

191,044

$

93,929

$

142,393

$

61,411

(1) LIHTC projects held for future syndication.

Schedule of amortization and tax credits of qualified affordable housing

December 31,

2024

2023

2022

(In thousands)

Amortization expense

$

10,430

$

7,949

$

2,134

Expected tax credits

12,114

8,416

2,077

v3.25.0.1
Leases (Tables)
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2024
Leases.  
Schedule of balance sheet, income statement and cash flow detail regarding operating leases

December 31, 2024

December 31, 2023

Balance Sheet

(In thousands)

    

Operating lease right-of-of use asset (in other assets)

$

8,332

$

10,060

Operating lease liability (in other liabilities)

9,303

11,251

Weighted average remaining lease term (years)

4.6

6.0

Weighted average discount rate

3.43%

2.89%

Twelve Months Ended

Twelve Months Ended

Twelve Months Ended

December 31, 2024

December 31, 2023

December 31, 2022

Statement of Income

(In thousands)

Components of lease expense:

Operating lease cost (in occupancy and equipment expense)

$

2,692

$

2,438

$

2,033

Maturities of operating lease liabilities:

As of December 31, 2024

One year or less

$

2,321

Year two

2,293

Year three

2,203

Year four

1,597

Year five

1,101

Thereafter

547

Total future minimum lease payments

$

10,062

Less: imputed interest

759

Total

$

9,303

Twelve Months Ended

Twelve Months Ended

Twelve Months Ended

December 31, 2024

December 31, 2023

December 31, 2022

Statement of Cash Flow

(In thousands)

Supplemental cash flow information:

Operating cash flows from operating leases

$

2,505

$

2,129

$

1,461

v3.25.0.1
Other Assets and Receivables (Tables)
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2024
Other Assets and Receivables.  
Schedule of intangible assets

    

2024

     

2023

     

2022

Gross

    

   

Sale of

Gross

    

    

    

Gross

    

    

Carrying

Accumulated

FMBI

Carrying

Accumulated

Carrying

Accumulated

Amount

Amortization

branches

Total

    

Amount

Amortization

Total

    

Amount

Amortization

Total

(In thousands)

(In thousands)

(In thousands)

Licenses

$

123

$

(123)

$

$

$

1,370

$

(1,247)

$

123

$

1,370

$

(1,052)

$

318

Trade names

224

(165)

59

224

(143)

81

224

(120)

104

Core deposit intangible

538

(538)

2,417

(1,879)

538

2,417

(1,653)

764

Total intangible assets

$

885

$

(288)

$

(538)

$

59

$

4,011

$

(3,269)

$

742

$

4,011

$

(2,825)

$

1,186

Schedule of estimated amortization expense

Estimated amortization expense for future years is as follows (in thousands):

Year ending December 31,

    

2025

$

23

2026

22

2027

14

2028

2029

Thereafter

Total

$

59

v3.25.0.1
Variable Interest Entities (VIEs) (Tables)
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2024
Variable Interest Entities (VIEs)  
Schedule of assets and liabilities of the VIEs as well as maximum exposure to loss in connection with VIEs

Investments

Loans

Securities

Maximum

Liabilities

Assets

    

in VIEs

    

to VIEs

of VIEs

Exposure to Loss

for VIEs

(In thousands)

December 31, 2024

 

  

 

  

  

Low-income housing tax credit investments

$

225,727

$

282,584

$

$

508,311

$

89,956

Debt funds

31,772

109,480

141,252

2,752

Off-balance-sheet REMIC trusts

23,564

1,652,833

1,676,397

Total Unconsolidated VIEs

$

257,499

$

415,628

$

1,652,833

$

2,325,960

$

92,708

December 31, 2023

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

Low-income housing tax credit investments

$

118,741

$

232,407

$

$

351,148

$

35,099

Debt funds

33,221

86,416

119,637

2,752

Off-balance-sheet REMIC trusts

1,192,201

1,192,201

Total Unconsolidated VIEs

$

151,962

$

318,823

$

1,192,201

$

1,662,986

$

37,851

v3.25.0.1
Deposits (Tables)
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2024
Deposits.  
Schedule of deposits

December 31, 

    

2024

    

2023

(In thousands)

Noninterest-bearing deposits

Demand deposits

$

239,005

$

520,070

Total noninterest-bearing deposits

239,005

520,070

Interest-bearing deposits

Demand deposits:

Core demand deposits

$

4,319,512

$

3,876,837

Brokered demand deposits

1,504,230

Total demand deposits

4,319,512

5,381,067

Savings deposits:

 

 

Core savings deposits

3,442,111

2,992,332

Brokered savings deposits

859

589

Total savings deposits

3,442,970

2,992,921

Certificates of deposit:

 

 

Core certificates of deposits

1,385,270

701,577

Brokered certificates of deposits

2,533,219

4,465,825

Total certificates of deposits

3,918,489

5,167,402

Total interest-bearing deposits

11,680,971

13,541,390

Total core deposits

$

9,385,898

$

8,090,816

Total brokered deposits

$

2,534,078

$

5,970,644

Total deposits

$

11,919,976

$

14,061,460

Schedule of maturities for certificates of deposit

    

December 31, 2024

(In thousands)

Due within one year

$

3,821,474

Due in one year to two years

 

82,846

Due in two years to three years

 

14,169

Due in three years to four years

 

Due in four years to five years

Due in five years to six years

 

$

3,918,489

v3.25.0.1
Borrowings (Tables)
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2024
Borrowings  
Schedule of borrowings

December 31, 

    

2024

    

2023

(In thousands)

Federal Reserve discount window borrowings

$

50,000

$

Subordinated debt

71,800

64,922

FHLB advances

4,172,030

771,392

Credit linked notes, net of debt discount

84,358

119,879

Other borrowings

 

7,934

 

7,934

Total borrowings

$

4,386,122

$

964,127

Schedule of maturities of FHLB advances

    

Year Ended December 31, 2024

Federal Reserve

Subordinated

FHLB

Credit Linked

Other

Borrowings

Discount Window

Debt

Advances

Notes

Borrowings

Total

(In thousands)

Due within one year

$

50,000

$

$

4,165,759

$

$

$

4,215,759

Due in one year to two years

 

 

71,800

 

5,939

 

 

 

77,739

Due in two years to three years

 

 

 

62

 

 

 

62

Due in three years to four years

 

 

 

59

 

84,358

 

 

84,417

Due in four years to five years

 

 

 

211

 

 

 

211

Thereafter

 

 

 

 

 

7,934

 

7,934

$

50,000

$

71,800

$

4,172,030

$

84,358

$

7,934

$

4,386,122

v3.25.0.1
Derivative Financial Instruments (Tables)
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2024
Derivative Financial Instruments  
Summary of notional amount and fair value of derivative assets and liabilities

Notional

Fair Value

Amount

 

Balance Sheet Location

 

Asset

 

Liability

December 31, 2024

(In thousands)

Interest rate lock commitments

$

24,609

Other assets/liabilities

$

30

$

176

Forward contracts

 

33,000

Other assets/liabilities

229

1

Interest rate swaps

 

49,891

Other assets/liabilities

 

4,199

Put options

680,354

Other assets

43,777

Interest rate floors

1,228,274

Other assets

4,043

Credit derivatives

58,526

Other liabilities

$

52,278

$

177

Notional

Fair Value

Amount

 

Balance Sheet Location

 

Asset

 

Liability

December 31, 2023

(In thousands)

Interest rate lock commitments

$

16,526

Other assets/liabilities

$

140

$

4

Forward contracts

25,500

Other assets/liabilities

4

391

Interest rate swaps

57,540

Other assets/liabilities

 

2,610

Put options

748,374

Other assets

25,877

Interest rate floors

748,374

Other assets

6,576

$

35,207

$

395

Summarizes the periodic changes in the fair value of the derivative financial instruments on the consolidated statements of income

Year Ended

December 31, 

    

    

2024

2023

    

2022

(In thousands)

Derivative gain (loss) included in gain on sale of loans:

Interest rate lock commitments

$

(282)

$

130

$

(218)

Forward contracts (includes pair-off settlements)

338

201

5,277

Interest rate swaps

2,282

(420)

132

Net gain (loss)

$

2,338

$

(89)

$

5,191

Derivative gain (loss) included in other income:

Put options (1)

$

17,901

$

5,629

$

Interest rate floors

(2,533)

6,575

Net gain

$

15,368

$

12,204

$

(1)The put option gain (loss) reflects an adjustment to the fair value of the derivative that is substantially equal and offset by an adjustment to the fair value of its related securities available for sale for which the Company elected to account for under the fair value option with changes in fair value reflected in earnings. The combination of these adjustments is designed to result in an inconsequential net gain or loss in other noninterest income.
Interest rate swaps  
Derivative Financial Instruments  
Summary of notional amount and fair value of derivative assets and liabilities

Notional

Fair Value

Amount

 

Balance Sheet Location

 

Asset

 

Liability

(In thousands)

December 31, 2024

$

724,224

Other assets/liabilities

$

309

$

309

December 31, 2023

$

607,169

Other assets/liabilities

$

12,426

$

12,426

Summarizes the periodic changes in the fair value of the derivative financial instruments on the consolidated statements of income

Year Ended

December 31, 

    

2024

    

2023

2022

(In thousands)

Gross swap gains

$

12,117

$

9,385

$

1,910

Gross swap losses

 

12,117

9,385

1,910

Net swap gains (losses)

$

$

$

v3.25.0.1
Disclosures About Fair Value of Assets and Liabilities (Tables)
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2024
Disclosures About Fair Value of Assets and Liabilities  
Schedule of fair value measurement of assets measured at fair value on recurring basis

Fair Value Measurements Using

Quoted Prices in

Significant

 

Active Markets 

Other

Significant

for Identical

Observable

Unobservable 

Fair

Assets

Inputs

Inputs

Assets

    

Value

    

(Level 1)

    

(Level 2)

    

(Level 3)

(In thousands)

December 31, 2024

Mortgage loans in process of securitization

$

428,206

$

$

428,206

$

Securities available for sale:

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

Treasury notes

 

90,006

 

90,006

 

 

Federal agencies

 

252,936

 

 

252,936

 

Mortgage-backed - Agency

 

1,162

 

 

1,162

 

Mortgage-backed - Non-Agency residential - fair value option

430,779

430,779

Mortgage-backed - Agency - fair value option

205,167

205,167

Loans held for sale

 

78,170

 

 

78,170

 

Servicing rights

 

189,935

 

 

 

189,935

Derivative assets:

Interest rate lock commitments

 

30

 

 

 

30

Forward contracts

 

229

 

 

229

 

Interest rate swaps

4,199

4,199

Interest rate swaps, caps and floors (back-to-back)

309

309

Put options

43,777

12,481

31,296

Interest rate floors

4,043

4,043

Derivative liabilities:

Interest rate lock commitments

 

176

176

Forward contracts

1

1

Interest rate swaps, caps and floors (back-to-back)

 

309

309

December 31, 2023

 

  

Mortgage loans in process of securitization

$

110,599

$

$

110,599

$

Securities available for sale:

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

Treasury notes

 

128,968

 

128,968

 

 

Federal agencies

 

247,755

 

 

247,755

 

Mortgage-backed - Agency

 

14,467

 

 

14,467

 

Mortgage-backed - Non-Agency residential - fair value option

485,500

485,500

Mortgage-backed - Agency - fair value option

236,997

236,997

Loans held for sale

86,663

 

 

86,663

 

Servicing rights

158,457

 

 

 

158,457

Derivative assets:

 

Interest rate lock commitments

 

140

 

 

 

140

Forward contracts

4

 

 

4

 

Interest rate swaps

 

2,610

2,610

Interest rate swaps, caps and floors (back-to-back)

12,426

12,426

Put options

25,877

7,223

18,654

Interest rate floors

6,576

6,576

Derivative liabilities:

Interest rate lock commitments

 

4

4

Forward contracts

391

391

Interest rate swaps, caps and floors (back-to-back)

 

12,426

12,426

Schedule of Level 3 reconciliation of recurring fair value measurements

Year Ended December 31, 

    

2024

    

2023

    

2022

(In thousands)

Servicing rights

Balance, beginning of period

$

158,457

$

146,248

$

110,348

Purchased servicing

 

 

513

 

Originated servicing

 

18,670

 

14,755

 

27,124

Paydowns

 

(9,901)

 

(7,621)

 

(10,985)

Changes in fair value

 

22,709

 

4,562

 

19,761

Balance, end of period

$

189,935

$

158,457

$

146,248

Securities available for sale - Mortgage-backed - Non-Agency residential - fair value option

Balance, beginning of period

$

485,500

$

$

Purchases

483,906

Paydowns

 

(42,079)

 

 

Changes in fair value

 

(12,642)

 

1,594

 

Transfers out of Level 3

(430,779)

Balance, end of period

$

$

485,500

$

Derivative assets - put options

Balance, beginning of period

$

18,654

$

$

Purchases

 

 

20,248

 

Changes in fair value

 

12,642

 

(1,594)

 

Balance, end of period

$

31,296

$

18,654

$

Derivative assets - interest rate floors

Balance, beginning of period

$

6,576

$

$

Purchases

 

 

6,576

 

Changes in fair value

 

(2,533)

 

 

Balance, end of period

$

4,043

$

6,576

$

Derivative assets - interest rate lock commitments

Balance, beginning of period

$

140

$

28

$

264

Gains/(losses) recognized

 

(110)

 

112

 

(236)

Balance, end of period

$

30

$

140

$

28

Derivative liabilities - interest rate lock commitments

Balance, beginning of period

$

4

$

23

$

41

Gains/(losses) recognized

 

172

 

(19)

 

(18)

Balance, end of period

$

176

4

$

23

Schedule of fair value measurement of assets and liabilities measured at fair value on nonrecurring basis

Fair Value Measurements Using

Quoted Prices in

Significant

 

Active Markets 

Other

Significant

for Identical

Observable

Unobservable 

Fair

Assets

Inputs

Inputs

Assets

    

Value

    

(Level 1)

    

(Level 2)

    

(Level 3)

(In thousands)

December 31, 2024

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

Collateral dependent loans

$

59,915

$

$

$

59,915

Other real estate owned

$

7,313

$

$

$

7,313

December 31, 2023

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

Collateral dependent loans

$

47,026

$

$

$

47,026

Schedule of quantitative information about unobservable inputs used in recurring and nonrecurring Level 3 fair value measurements other than goodwill

Valuation

Weighted

    

Fair Value

    

Technique

    

Unobservable Inputs

Range

    

Average

(In thousands)

At December 31, 2024:

 

  

 

  

 

Collateral dependent loans

$

59,915

 

Market comparable properties

 

Marketability discount and costs to sell

0% - 90%

 

24%

Other real estate owned

$

7,313

Market comparable properties

Marketability discount and costs to sell

0%

0%

Servicing rights - Multi-family

$

146,483

 

Discounted cash flow

 

Discount rate

8% - 15%

 

9%

 

  

 

  

 

Constant prepayment rate

0% - 100%

 

7%

Earnings rate on escrows

3%

3%

Servicing rights - Single-family

$

34,986

Discounted cash flow

Discount rate

10% - 11%

10%

Constant prepayment rate

6% - 14%

7%

Servicing rights - Healthcare

$

4,207

 

Discounted cash flow

 

Discount rate

13%

 

13%

Constant prepayment rate

1% - 2%

 

1%

Earnings rate on escrows

3%

3%

Servicing rights - SBA

$

4,259

Discounted cash flow

Discount rate

16%

16%

Constant prepayment rate

4% - 24%

14%

Derivative assets:

Interest rate lock commitments

$

30

 

Discounted cash flow

 

Loan closing rates

71% - 99%

 

87%

Put options

$

31,296

Intrinsic value

Market credit spread

4%

4%

Interest rate floors

$

4,043

Discounted cash flow

Discount rate

6%-8%

7%

Derivative liabilities - interest rate lock commitments

$

176

 

Discounted cash flow

 

Loan closing rates

71% - 99%

 

87%

At December 31, 2023:

 

  

 

  

 

Securities available for sale - Mortgage-backed - Non-Agency residential - fair value option

$

485,500

Discounted cash flow

Market credit spread

2%

2%

Collateral dependent loans

$

47,026

 

Market comparable properties

 

Marketability discount and costs to sell

0% - 100%

 

2%

Servicing rights - Multi-family

$

122,218

 

Discounted cash flow

 

Discount rate

8% - 13%

 

9%

  

  

 

Constant prepayment rate

0% - 50%

 

7%

Earnings rate on escrows

4%

4%

Servicing rights - Single-family

$

30,959

 

Discounted cash flow

Discount rate

10% - 11%

10%

Constant prepayment rate

6% - 16%

7%

Servicing rights - SBA

$

5,280

 

Discounted cash flow

Discount rate

16%

16%

Constant prepayment rate

3% - 14%

9%

Derivative assets:

 

 

 

Interest rate lock commitments

$

140

 

Discounted cash flow

Loan closing rates

45% - 99%

 

78%

Put options

$

18,654

Intrinsic value

 

Market credit spread

2%

2%

Interest rate floors

$

6,576

Discounted cash flow

Discount rate

6% - 7%

7%

Derivative liabilities - interest rate lock commitments

$

4

Discounted cash flow

Loan closing rates

45% - 99%

78%

Schedule of carrying amount and estimated fair value of financial instruments

Fair Value Measurements Using

Quoted Prices in

Significant

 

Active Markets 

Other

Significant

for Identical

Observable

Unobservable 

Carrying

Fair

Assets

Inputs

Inputs

    

Value

    

Value

    

(Level 1)

    

(Level 2)

    

(Level 3)

(In thousands)

December 31, 2024

Financial assets:

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

Cash and cash equivalents

$

476,610

$

476,610

$

476,610

$

$

Securities purchased under agreements to resell

 

1,559

 

1,559

 

 

1,559

 

Securities held to maturity

1,664,686

1,664,674

 

 

538,871

 

1,125,803

FHLB stock and other equity securities

 

217,804

 

217,804

 

 

187,804

 

30,000

Loans held for sale

 

3,693,340

 

3,693,340

 

 

3,693,340

 

Loans receivable, net

 

10,354,002

 

10,297,439

 

 

 

10,297,439

Interest receivable

 

83,409

 

83,409

 

 

83,409

 

Financial liabilities:

 

  

 

 

  

 

  

 

  

Deposits

 

11,919,976

 

11,923,961

 

8,001,487

 

3,922,474

 

Subordinated debt

 

71,800

 

71,800

 

 

71,800

 

FHLB advances

 

4,172,030

 

4,171,843

 

 

4,171,843

 

Other borrowing

57,934

57,934

57,934

Credit linked notes

84,358

84,357

84,357

Interest payable

 

34,475

 

34,475

 

 

34,475

 

December 31, 2023

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

Financial assets:

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

Cash and cash equivalents

$

584,422

$

584,422

$

584,422

$

$

Securities purchased under agreements to resell

 

3,349

 

3,349

 

 

3,349

 

Securities held to maturity

1,204,217

1,203,535

 

 

484,288

 

719,247

FHLB stock

 

48,578

 

48,578

 

 

48,578

 

Loans held for sale

 

3,058,093

 

3,058,093

 

 

3,058,093

 

Loans receivable, net

 

10,127,801

 

10,088,468

 

 

 

10,088,468

Interest receivable

 

91,346

 

91,346

 

 

91,346

 

Financial liabilities:

 

  

 

 

  

 

  

 

  

Deposits

 

14,061,460

 

14,062,457

 

8,894,058

 

5,168,399

 

Subordinated debt

 

64,922

 

64,922

 

 

64,922

 

FHLB advances

 

771,392

 

771,029

 

 

771,029

 

Other borrowing

7,934

7,934

7,934

Credit linked notes

119,879

119,878

119,878

Interest payable

 

43,423

43,423

43,423

v3.25.0.1
Share-Based Payment Plans (Tables)
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2024
Share-Based Payment Plans  
Schedule of equity-based incentive awards and Board of Directors fees paid in shares

Year Ended December 31, 

2024

2023

2022

(In thousands, except share data)

Equity-based incentive awards to Company officers:

Shares issued

88,658

84,335

64,962

Expenses recognized

$

3,274

 

$

2,671

$

1,870

Unvested shares awarded

 

253,816

 

 

256,192

 

280,974

Unrecognized compensation costs

$

7,122

 

$

6,801

$

5,817

Equity-based retainer fees to non-executive Board of Directors:

 

  

 

 

  

 

  

Shares issued

 

12,166

 

 

12,173

 

12,443

Expenses recognized

$

491

 

$

351

$

325

v3.25.0.1
Income Taxes (Tables)
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2024
Income Taxes  
Schedule of provision for income taxes includes components

Year Ended

 

December 31, 

 

    

2024

    

2023

2022

 

 

(In thousands)

Income tax expense

Current tax payable

 

  

 

  

Federal

$

78,386

$

72,537

$

51,306

State

 

19,240

 

(1,422)

 

15,384

Deferred tax payable

 

  

 

  

 

Federal

 

3,666

 

(503)

 

4,237

State

 

964

 

(1,939)

 

494

Income tax expense

$

102,256

$

68,673

$

71,421

Effective tax rate

 

24.2

%  

 

19.7

%

 

24.5

%

Schedule of a reconciliation of statutory federal tax rate and effective tax rate

Year Ended

December 31, 

    

2024

    

2023

2022

 

(In thousands)

Computed at the statutory rate -21%

$

88,755

$

73,061

$

61,140

Increase/(decrease) resulting from

 

 

 

State income taxes

 

15,960

 

(2,655)

 

12,544

Tax Credits net of related amortization

 

(584)

 

(467)

 

57

Other

 

(1,875)

 

(1,266)

 

(2,320)

Actual tax expense

$

102,256

$

68,673

$

71,421

Schedule of tax effects of temporary differences related to deferred taxes

December 31, 

    

2024

    

2023

(In thousands)

Deferred tax assets

Allowance for credit losses on loans

$

23,880

$

20,572

Unrealized loss on securities available for sale

 

42

 

779

Other

 

5,532

 

4,727

Total assets

 

29,454

 

26,078

Deferred tax liabilities

 

  

 

  

Depreciation

 

(2,532)

 

(2,779)

Intangible assets

 

(391)

 

(385)

Servicing rights

 

(44,854)

 

(37,290)

Limited partnership investments

 

(4,575)

 

(2,018)

State tax receivable

(110)

(1,711)

Derivative assets

(967)

(1,573)

Other

 

(1,314)

 

(245)

Total liabilities

 

(54,743)

 

(46,001)

Net deferred tax liability

$

(25,289)

$

(19,923)

v3.25.0.1
Earnings Per Share (Tables)
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2024
Earnings Per Share  
Schedule of computation of earnings per share

Year Ended December 31, 

2024

2023

2022

Weighted-

Per

Weighted-

Per

Weighted-

Per

Net

Average

Share

Net

Average

Share

Net

Average

Share

    

Income

    

Shares

    

Amount

    

Income

    

Shares

    

Amount

    

Income

    

Shares

    

Amount

    

(In thousands, except share data)

Net income

$

320,386

$

279,234

$

219,721

 

  

Dividends on preferred stock

(34,909)

(34,670)

(25,983)

Preferred stock redemption

 

(1,823)

 

  

 

  

 

 

 

  

 

  

Net income allocated to common shareholders

$

283,654

 

  

 

  

$

244,564

$

193,738

 

  

 

  

Basic earnings per share

 

  

 

44,855,100

$

6.32

 

43,224,042

$

5.66

 

  

 

43,164,477

$

4.49

Effect of dilutive securities—restricted stock awards

 

  

 

149,686

 

  

121,757

 

  

 

  

 

152,427

 

  

Diluted earnings per share

 

  

 

45,004,786

$

6.30

43,345,799

$

5.64

 

  

 

43,316,904

$

4.47

v3.25.0.1
Segment Information (Tables)
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2024
Segment Information  
Schedule of business segment financial information

Multi-family

    

 

Mortgage 

Mortgage

 

    

Banking

    

Warehousing

    

Banking

    

Other

    

Total

(In thousands)

Year Ended December 31, 2024

Interest income

$

5,239

$

391,743

$

891,490

$

14,248

 

$

1,302,720

Interest expense

 

80

 

262,149

 

521,030

 

(3,159)

 

 

780,100

Net interest income

 

5,159

 

129,594

 

370,460

 

17,407

 

 

522,620

Provision for credit losses

 

(1,003)

 

1,466

 

23,815

 

 

 

24,278

Net interest income after provision for credit losses

 

6,162

 

128,128

 

346,645

 

17,407

 

 

498,342

Noninterest income

 

168,028

 

3,016

 

(8,523)

 

(14,409)

 

 

148,112

Noninterest expense

 

97,913

 

21,933

 

62,667

 

41,299

 

 

223,812

Income (loss) before income taxes

 

76,277

 

109,211

 

275,455

 

(38,301)

 

 

422,642

Income taxes

 

20,380

 

26,409

 

65,382

 

(9,915)

 

 

102,256

Net income (loss)

$

55,897

$

82,802

$

210,073

$

(28,386)

 

$

320,386

Total assets

$

479,099

$

6,000,624

$

11,761,202

$

564,807

 

$

18,805,732

Significant non-cash items:

Included in other noninterest income:

Servicing rights fair value adjustments

$

20,487

$

$

2,222

$

 

$

22,709

Derivative fair value adjustments

(2,533)

 

(2,533)

Multi-family

 

Mortgage 

Mortgage

 

    

Banking

    

Warehousing

    

Banking

    

Other

    

Total

(In thousands)

Year Ended December 31, 2023

Interest income

$

5,718

$

276,366

$

789,399

$

6,315

 

$

1,077,798

Interest expense

 

52

 

184,486

 

451,952

 

(6,763)

 

 

629,727

Net interest income

 

5,666

 

91,880

 

337,447

 

13,078

 

 

448,071

Provision for credit losses

 

 

2,782

 

37,449

 

 

 

40,231

Net interest income after provision for credit losses

 

5,666

 

89,098

 

299,998

 

13,078

 

 

407,840

Noninterest income

 

123,980

 

14,315

 

(12,527)

 

(11,100)

 

 

114,668

Noninterest expense

 

83,862

 

14,003

 

42,811

 

33,925

 

 

174,601

Income (loss) before income taxes

 

45,784

 

89,410

 

244,660

 

(31,947)

 

 

347,907

Income taxes

 

9,311

 

15,885

 

50,262

 

(6,785)

 

 

68,673

Net income (loss)

$

36,473

$

73,525

$

194,398

$

(25,162)

 

$

279,234

Total assets

$

411,097

$

4,522,175

$

11,760,943

$

258,301

 

$

16,952,516

Significant non-cash items:

Included in other noninterest income:

Servicing rights fair value adjustments

$

3,874

$

$

688

$

 

$

4,562

Derivative fair value adjustments

6,576

 

6,576

Multi-family

 

Mortgage 

Mortgage

 

    

Banking

    

Warehousing

    

Banking

    

Other

    

Total

(In thousands)

Year Ended December 31, 2022

Interest income

$

2,239

$

115,870

$

354,482

$

8,242

 

$

480,833

Interest expense

 

 

48,079

 

117,284

 

(3,081)

 

 

162,282

Net interest income

 

2,239

 

67,791

 

237,198

 

11,323

 

 

318,551

Provision for credit losses

 

1,153

 

37

 

16,105

 

 

 

17,295

Net interest income after provision for credit losses

 

1,086

 

67,754

 

221,093

 

11,323

 

 

301,256

Noninterest income

 

155,883

 

5,400

 

(26,177)

 

(9,170)

 

 

125,936

Noninterest expense

 

82,213

 

10,420

 

18,303

 

25,114

 

 

136,050

Income (loss) before income taxes

 

74,756

 

62,734

 

176,613

 

(22,961)

 

 

291,142

Income taxes

 

20,114

 

14,130

 

42,392

 

(5,215)

 

 

71,421

Net income (loss)

$

54,642

$

48,604

$

134,221

$

(17,746)

 

$

219,721

Total assets

$

351,274

$

2,519,810

$

9,587,544

$

156,599

 

$

12,615,227

Significant non-cash items:

Included in other noninterest income:

Servicing rights fair value adjustments

$

13,962

$

$

5,799

$

 

$

19,761

v3.25.0.1
Condensed Financial Information (Parent Company Only) (Tables)
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2024
Condensed Financial Information (Parent Company Only)  
Summary of condensed balance sheets

December 31, 

    

2024

2023

(In thousands)

Assets

 

  

  

Cash and cash equivalents

$

55,829

$

42,810

Other equity securities

30,000

Investment in joint ventures

27,638

30,225

Investment in subsidiaries

 

2,077,085

 

1,696,000

Other assets

 

128,591

 

197

Total assets

$

2,319,143

$

1,769,232

Liabilities

 

  

 

  

Subordinated debt

$

71,800

$

64,922

Unfunded commitments to joint ventures

2,752

2,752

Other liabilities

 

1,281

 

474

Total liabilities

 

75,833

 

68,148

Shareholders’ Equity

 

2,243,310

 

1,701,084

Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity

$

2,319,143

$

1,769,232

Summary of condensed statements of income and comprehensive income

Year Ended

December 31, 

    

2024

2023

    

2022

(In thousands)

Income

 

  

  

 

  

Dividends and return of capital from subsidiaries

$

124,864

$

53,006

$

39,775

Other Income

 

3,956

 

3,488

 

2,523

Total income

 

128,820

 

56,494

 

42,298

Expenses

 

  

 

  

 

  

Interest expense

 

10,849

 

4,323

 

4,333

Salaries and employee benefits

 

410

 

1,012

 

690

Professional fees

 

681

 

481

 

423

Other

 

1,223

 

898

 

829

Total expense

 

13,163

 

6,714

 

6,275

Income Before Income Tax and Equity in Undistributed Income of Subsidiaries

 

115,657

 

49,780

 

36,023

Income Tax Benefit

 

(2,277)

 

(582)

 

(698)

Income Before Equity in Undistributed Income of Subsidiaries

 

117,934

 

50,362

 

36,721

Equity in Undistributed Income of Subsidiaries

 

202,452

 

228,872

 

183,000

Net Income

$

320,386

$

279,234

$

219,721

Comprehensive Income

$

322,741

$

287,267

$

210,654

Summary of condensed statements of cash flows

Year Ended

December 31, 

    

2024

    

2023

2022

(In thousands)

Operating Activities

 

  

 

  

  

Net income

$

320,386

$

279,234

$

219,721

Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash used in operating activities:

Equity in undistributed earnings from subsidiaries and other operating activities

(205,422)

(229,428)

(181,263)

Net cash provided by operating activities

 

114,964

 

49,806

38,458

Investing Activities

 

  

 

  

  

Contributed capital to subsidiaries

 

(225,295)

 

(43,922)

(110,000)

Purchase of equity securities

(30,000)

Purchase of limited partnership interests or LLC's

 

(3,038)

 

(769)

(8,746)

Return of capital from subsidiaries

49,017

Other investing activity

 

8,301

 

554

Net cash used in investing activities

 

(201,015)

 

(44,137)

(118,746)

Financing Activities

 

  

 

  

  

Proceeds from notes payable

6,878

64,922

4,000

Repayment of notes payable

(21,000)

Dividends paid

 

(51,167)

 

(48,506)

(38,067)

Proceeds from issuance of common stock

 

97,655

 

Proceeds from issuance of preferred stock

 

222,748

 

137,459

Redemption of preferred stock

(52,044)

Funds disbursed for future redemption of Series B preferred stock

(125,000)

Repurchase of common stock

 

 

(3,935)

Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities

 

99,070

 

(4,584)

99,457

Net Change in Cash and Due From Banks

 

13,019

 

1,085

19,169

Cash and Due From Banks at Beginning of Year

 

42,810

 

41,725

22,556

Cash and Due From Banks at End of Year

$

55,829

$

42,810

$

41,725

Additional Cash Flows Information:

Payable for limited partnership interest or LLC's

$

$

2,752

$

3,521

v3.25.0.1
Regulatory Matters (Tables)
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2024
Regulatory Matters  
Summary of bank's actual capital amounts and ratios

Minimum

Amount to be Well

Minimum Amount

Capitalized with

To Be Well

Actual

Basel III Buffer(1)

Capitalized(1)

    

Amount

    

Ratio

    

Amount

    

Ratio

Amount

    

Ratio

    

(Dollars in thousands)

December 31, 2024

Total capital(1) (to risk-weighted assets)

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

Company

$

2,334,479

 

13.9

%  

$

1,767,835

 

10.5

%  

$

 

N/A

%  

Merchants Bank

2,165,193

 

12.9

%  

 

1,763,982

 

10.5

%  

 

1,679,983

 

10.0

%  

Tier I capital(1) (to risk-weighted assets)

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

Company

 

2,234,658

 

13.3

%  

 

1,431,105

 

8.5

%  

 

 

N/A

%  

Merchants Bank

2,065,372

 

12.3

%  

 

1,427,985

 

8.5

%  

 

1,343,986

 

8.0

%  

Common Equity Tier I capital(1) (to risk-weighted assets)

Company

 

1,562,524

 

9.3

%  

 

1,178,557

 

7.0

%  

 

 

N/A

%  

Merchants Bank

2,065,372

 

12.3

%  

 

1,175,988

 

7.0

%  

 

1,091,989

 

6.5

%  

Tier I capital(1) (to average assets)

 

 

  

 

  

 

 

  

 

  

Company

 

2,234,658

 

12.1

%  

 

925,180

 

5.0

%  

 

 

N/A

%  

Merchants Bank

2,065,372

 

11.2

%  

 

922,006

 

5.0

%  

 

922,006

 

5.0

%  

(1)As defined by regulatory agencies.

Minimum

Amount to be Well

Minimum Amount

Capitalized with

To Be Well

Actual

Basel III Buffer(1)

Capitalized(1)

    

Amount

    

Ratio

    

Amount

    

Ratio

Amount

    

Ratio

    

(Dollars in thousands)

December 31, 2023

Total capital(1) (to risk-weighted assets)

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

Company

$

1,772,195

 

11.6

%  

$

1,598,260

 

10.5

%  

$

 

N/A

%  

Merchants Bank

1,724,505

 

11.5

%  

 

1,577,434

 

10.5

%  

 

1,502,318

 

10.0

%  

FMBI

 

40,613

 

21.1

%  

 

20,209

 

10.5

%  

 

19,247

 

10.0

%  

Tier I capital(1) (to risk-weighted assets)

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

Company

 

1,686,202

 

11.1

%  

 

1,293,830

 

8.5

%  

 

 

N/A

%  

Merchants Bank

1,639,171

 

10.9

%  

 

1,276,970

 

8.5

%  

 

1,201,854

 

8.0

%  

FMBI

 

39,953

 

20.8

%  

 

16,360

 

8.5

%  

 

15,398

 

8.0

%  

Common Equity Tier I capital(1) (to risk-weighted assets)

Company

 

1,186,594

 

7.8

%  

 

1,065,507

 

7.0

%  

 

 

N/A

%  

Merchants Bank

1,639,171

 

10.9

%  

 

1,051,623

 

7.0

%  

 

976,507

 

6.5

%  

FMBI

 

39,953

 

20.8

%  

 

13,473

 

7.0

%  

 

12,511

 

6.5

%  

Tier I capital(1) (to average assets)

 

 

  

 

  

 

 

  

 

  

Company

 

1,686,202

 

10.1

%  

 

832,706

 

5.0

%  

 

 

N/A

%  

Merchants Bank

1,639,171

 

10.1

%  

 

815,191

 

5.0

%  

 

815,191

 

5.0

%  

FMBI

 

39,953

 

11.5

%  

 

17,391

 

5.0

%  

 

17,391

 

5.0

%  

(1)As defined by regulatory agencies.

 

v3.25.0.1
Commitments, Credit Risk, and Contingencies (Tables)
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2024
Commitments, Credit Risk, and Contingencies  
Schedule of business segment financial information

December 31, 

    

2024

    

2023

(In thousands)

Commitments subject to credit risk:

Commitments to extend credit

$

4,348,628

$

3,693,099

Standby letters of credit

 

204,745

 

129,655

Unfunded warehouse repurchase agreements and other (not cancellable)

108,532

 

135,819

Total commitments subject to credit risk

$

4,661,905

$

3,958,573

Commitments subject to certain performance criteria and cancellation:

Outstanding commitments to originate loans

$

740,886

$

692,582

Unfunded construction draws

 

281,152

 

266,369

Unfunded warehouse repurchase agreements and other (cancellable)

2,681,313

2,783,916

Total commitments subject to certain performance criteria and cancellation

$

3,703,351

$

3,742,867

v3.25.0.1
Related Party Transactions (Tables)
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2024
Related Party Transactions  
Schedule of related party transactions

    

Year Ended December 31, 

2024

    

2023

    

2022

(In thousands)

Investments in Senior Housing and Healthcare Entity

Origination fees received from borrowers referred by the LLC

$

26,287

$

12,669

$

24,830

Fees paid to LLC for loans referred and originated

(20,882)

(9,866)

(17,145)

Servicing income received for loans referred by the LLC

841

561

417

Servicing income participation paid to LLC

(428)

(281)

(209)

Income from investment in LLC

3,536

1,612

4,129

Distributions received from LLC

1,153

993

3,795

Interest income paid to LLC for loans originated and referred by the LLC

(2,158)

(3,587)

(6,725)

Investments in LIHTC Syndications

Interest income, financing (1) and other fees received from syndicated funds

$

31,683

$

16,592

$

11,012

Loans and other receivables outstanding, net of participations sold, to syndicated funds

334,536

127,449

49,004

Investments in Debt Financing Entities

Income from investments, servicing, interest income, and management of debt funds

$

53,274

$

29,992

$

4,642

Distributions received from debt funds

8,871

890

512

Loans outstanding, net of participations sold, to debt funds

133,044

108,055

35,732

Loans sold to debt funds

98,184

102,336

884,247

Gains (losses) recognized on loans sold to debt funds

(263)

Carrying value, at year-end, of securities held-to-maturity purchased from debt funds

526,242

472,539

248,366

(1)Financing fees, net of costs to originate, are deferred and recognized in income over the life of the loan.
v3.25.0.1
Nature of Operations and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies - Operations (Details)
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2024
USD ($)
item
Merchants Bank  
Nature of Operations and Principles of Consolidation  
Number of locations of operation | $ 7
FMBI  
Nature of Operations and Principles of Consolidation  
Number of locations of operation | item 4
v3.25.0.1
Nature of Operations and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Details) - Disposed by sale
Jan. 26, 2024
USD ($)
Farmers Merchants Bank Of Illinois Branches  
Assets $ 60,800,000
Liabilities 230,600,000
Net gain 715,000
Deposit premium 10,100,000
Extinguishment Of Goodwill 7,800,000
Extinguishment Of Intangibles 500,000
Farmers-Merchants Bank of Illinois branch locations in Paxton, Melvin, and Piper City, Illinois | Bank of Pontiac  
Deposits 164,800,000
Loans 19,200,000
Farmers-Merchants Bank of Illinois branch located in Joy, Illinois | CBI Bank & Trust  
Deposits 65,100,000
Loans $ 28,600,000
v3.25.0.1
Nature of Operations and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies - Cash, Cash Equivalents and Other (Details) - USD ($)
Dec. 31, 2024
Dec. 31, 2023
Cash and Cash Equivalents    
Cash accounts in excess of federally insured limits $ 461,700,000 $ 564,500,000
Cash accounts in excess of federally insured limits with Federal Reserve Bank 324,600,000 510,200,000
Cash accounts in excess of federally insured limits with Federal Home Loan Bank of Indianapolis 93,400,000 5,800,000
Cash accounts in excess of federally insured limits with Federal Home Loan Bank of Chicago 1,800,000 156,000
Investment Securities    
Securities available for sale, allowance for credit losses $ 0 $ 0
Loans Held for Sale under Mortgage Banking Activities    
Maximum participation interest to be purchased in individual loans (as a percent) 100.00%  
v3.25.0.1
Nature of Operations and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies - Loans (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Millions
Dec. 31, 2024
Dec. 31, 2023
Loans and Allowance for Credit Losses on Loans    
Accrued interest on loans, excluded from amortized cost of loans $ 51.9 $ 60.4
Loan guarantee 204.7 $ 129.7
Loan Sale and Freddie Mac Q Series Securitization    
Loans and Allowance for Credit Losses on Loans    
Loan guarantee $ 0.8  
First loss position in loan portfolio, maximum securitization pool, percentage 12.00%  
v3.25.0.1
Nature of Operations and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies - Premises and Equipment (Details)
Dec. 31, 2024
Vehicles  
Premises and Equipment  
Estimated useful lives 5 years
Minimum | Buildings  
Premises and Equipment  
Estimated useful lives 7 years
Minimum | Leasehold improvements  
Premises and Equipment  
Estimated useful lives 2 years
Minimum | Software and intangible assets  
Premises and Equipment  
Estimated useful lives 4 years
Minimum | Furniture, fixtures, and equipment  
Premises and Equipment  
Estimated useful lives 3 years
Maximum | Buildings  
Premises and Equipment  
Estimated useful lives 40 years
Maximum | Leasehold improvements  
Premises and Equipment  
Estimated useful lives 11 years
Maximum | Software and intangible assets  
Premises and Equipment  
Estimated useful lives 10 years
Maximum | Furniture, fixtures, and equipment  
Premises and Equipment  
Estimated useful lives 15 years
v3.25.0.1
Nature of Operations and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies - Leases (Details)
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2024
Leases  
Lessee operating lease, option to extend true
Minimum  
Leases  
Lease period 1 year
Maximum  
Leases  
Lease period 7 years
v3.25.0.1
Nature of Operations and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies - Intangible Assets (Details)
Dec. 31, 2024
Customer list  
Intangible assets  
Amortization period 21 months
Trade names  
Intangible assets  
Amortization period 120 months
Minimum | Licenses and Trade Names  
Intangible assets  
Amortization period 84 months
Maximum | Licenses and Trade Names  
Intangible assets  
Amortization period 120 months
v3.25.0.1
Nature of Operations and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies - Shared-based Compensation Plans (Details)
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2024
Share-based Compensation Plan  
Share awards vesting period 3 years
v3.25.0.1
Restriction on Cash and Due From Banks (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Millions
Dec. 31, 2024
Dec. 31, 2023
Mar. 30, 2023
Mar. 26, 2020
Percentage of reserve required for restriction on cash and due from banks 0.00% 0.00%   0.00%
Restricted cash $ 33.5 $ 36.4    
Credit linked notes, net of debt discount        
Notes issued $ 87.6 $ 123.9 $ 158.1  
v3.25.0.1
Investment Securities - Amortized Cost to Approximate Fair Value (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Thousands
Dec. 31, 2024
Dec. 31, 2023
Available for sale securities:    
Amortized Cost $ 980,224 $ 1,116,954
Gross Unrealized Gains 108 50
Gross Unrealized Losses 282 3,317
Securities available for sale 980,050 1,113,687
Accrued interest on securities available for sale 4,900 6,700
Held to maturity securities:    
Amortized Cost 1,664,686 1,204,217
Gross Unrealized Gains 2,245 973
Gross Unrealized Losses 2,257 1,655
Fair Value 1,664,674 1,203,535
Accrued interest on securities held to maturity 5,800 5,800
Equity securities:    
FHLB and other equity securities 217,804  
Treasury notes    
Available for sale securities:    
Amortized Cost 89,898 129,261
Gross Unrealized Gains 108 45
Gross Unrealized Losses   338
Securities available for sale 90,006 128,968
Federal agencies    
Available for sale securities:    
Amortized Cost 253,218 250,731
Gross Unrealized Losses 282 2,976
Securities available for sale 252,936 247,755
Mortgage-backed - Government Agency - multi-family    
Available for sale securities:    
Amortized Cost 1,162 14,465
Gross Unrealized Gains   5
Gross Unrealized Losses   3
Securities available for sale 1,162 14,467
Mortgage-backed - Non-Agency residential - fair value option    
Available for sale securities:    
Amortized Cost 430,779 485,500
Securities available for sale 430,779 485,500
Held to maturity securities:    
Amortized Cost 526,242 472,539
Gross Unrealized Gains 1,871 973
Gross Unrealized Losses 75 418
Fair Value 528,038 473,094
Mortgage-backed - Agency - residential - fair value option    
Available for sale securities:    
Amortized Cost 205,167 236,997
Securities available for sale 205,167 236,997
Mortgage-backed - Non-Agency multi-family    
Held to maturity securities:    
Amortized Cost 592,053 719,662
Gross Unrealized Losses 1,162 415
Fair Value 590,891 719,247
Mortgage-backed - Non-Agency - healthcare    
Held to maturity securities:    
Amortized Cost 534,538  
Gross Unrealized Gains 374  
Fair Value 534,912  
Mortgage-backed - Agency - multi-family    
Held to maturity securities:    
Amortized Cost 11,853 12,016
Gross Unrealized Losses 1,020 822
Fair Value $ 10,833 $ 11,194
v3.25.0.1
Investment Securities - Contractual Maturities (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Thousands
Dec. 31, 2024
Dec. 31, 2023
Available for Sale Securities, Amortized Cost    
Within one year $ 89,898  
After one through five years 253,218  
Total, single maturity date 343,116  
Total 980,224 $ 1,116,954
Available for Sale Securities, Fair Value    
Within one year 90,006  
After one through five years 252,936  
Total, single maturity date 342,942  
Total 980,050 1,113,687
Held to Maturity Securities, Amortized Cost    
Amortized Cost 1,664,686 1,204,217
Held to Maturity Securities, Fair Value    
Fair Value 1,664,674 1,203,535
Mortgage-backed - Agency - multi-family    
Available for Sale Securities, Amortized Cost    
Without single maturity date 1,162  
Available for Sale Securities, Fair Value    
Without single maturity date 1,162  
Held to Maturity Securities, Amortized Cost    
Amortized Cost 11,853 12,016
Held to Maturity Securities, Fair Value    
Fair Value 10,833 11,194
Mortgage-backed - Government Agency - multi-family    
Available for Sale Securities, Amortized Cost    
Total 1,162 14,465
Available for Sale Securities, Fair Value    
Total 1,162 14,467
Mortgage-backed - Agency - residential - fair value option    
Available for Sale Securities, Amortized Cost    
Without single maturity date 205,167  
Total 205,167 236,997
Available for Sale Securities, Fair Value    
Without single maturity date 205,167  
Total 205,167 236,997
Mortgage-backed - Non-Agency multi-family    
Held to Maturity Securities, Amortized Cost    
Amortized Cost 592,053 719,662
Held to Maturity Securities, Fair Value    
Fair Value 590,891 719,247
Mortgage-backed - Non-Agency residential    
Available for Sale Securities, Amortized Cost    
Without single maturity date 430,779  
Total 430,779 485,500
Available for Sale Securities, Fair Value    
Without single maturity date 430,779  
Total 430,779 485,500
Held to Maturity Securities, Amortized Cost    
Amortized Cost 526,242 472,539
Held to Maturity Securities, Fair Value    
Fair Value 528,038 $ 473,094
Mortgage-backed - Non-Agency - healthcare    
Held to Maturity Securities, Amortized Cost    
Amortized Cost 534,538  
Held to Maturity Securities, Fair Value    
Fair Value $ 534,912  
v3.25.0.1
Investment Securities - Sale of securities (Details) - USD ($)
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2024
Dec. 31, 2023
Dec. 31, 2022
Investment Securities      
Proceeds from the sale of securities available for sale $ 9,983,000 $ 1,516,000 $ 11,379,000
Net loss on sale of securities available for sale 108,000    
Gain on sale of securities available for sale 10,000    
Losses on sale of securities available for sale 118,000    
Investment securities pledged as collateral $ 1,500,000,000 $ 1,100,000,000  
v3.25.0.1
Investment Securities - Continuous Unrealized Loss Position (Details)
$ in Thousands
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2024
USD ($)
position
Dec. 31, 2023
USD ($)
position
Securities    
Percentage of AFS investment portfolio 26.00% 24.00%
Percentage of HTM investment portfolio 39.00% 65.00%
Available-for-sale securities, Continuous Unrealized Loss Position, Fair Value    
Available-for-sale securities, Continuous Unrealized Loss Position, Fair Value, Less than 12 Months   $ 63,957
Available-for-sale securities, Continuous Unrealized Loss Position, Fair Value, 12 Months or Longer   199,479
Available-for-sale Securities, Continuous Unrealized Loss Position, Fair Value, Total $ 252,900 $ 263,436
Available-for-sale Securities, Continuous Unrealized Loss Position, Fair Value, Number of Positions | position 9 28
Held-to-maturity securities, Continuous Unrealized Loss Position, Fair Value    
Held-to-maturity Securities, Continuous Unrealized Loss Position, Fair Value, Total $ 642,600 $ 779,300
Held-to-maturity Securities, Fair Value, Number of Positions | position 8 8
Available-for-sale securities, Continuous Unrealized Loss Position, Gross Unrealized Losses    
Available-for-sale securities, Continuous Unrealized Loss Position, Gross Unrealized Losses, Less than 12 Months   $ 196
Available-for-sale securities, Continuous Unrealized Loss Position, Gross Unrealized Losses, 12 Months or Longer   3,121
Available-for-sale securities, Continuous Unrealized Loss Position, Gross Unrealized Losses, Total   3,317
Treasury notes    
Available-for-sale securities, Continuous Unrealized Loss Position, Fair Value    
Available-for-sale securities, Continuous Unrealized Loss Position, Fair Value, Less than 12 Months   3,052
Available-for-sale securities, Continuous Unrealized Loss Position, Fair Value, 12 Months or Longer   32,080
Available-for-sale Securities, Continuous Unrealized Loss Position, Fair Value, Total   35,132
Available-for-sale securities, Continuous Unrealized Loss Position, Gross Unrealized Losses    
Available-for-sale securities, Continuous Unrealized Loss Position, Gross Unrealized Losses, Less than 12 Months   6
Available-for-sale securities, Continuous Unrealized Loss Position, Gross Unrealized Losses, 12 Months or Longer   332
Available-for-sale securities, Continuous Unrealized Loss Position, Gross Unrealized Losses, Total   338
Federal agencies    
Available-for-sale securities, Continuous Unrealized Loss Position, Fair Value    
Available-for-sale securities, Continuous Unrealized Loss Position, Fair Value, Less than 12 Months $ 252,936 60,541
Available-for-sale securities, Continuous Unrealized Loss Position, Fair Value, 12 Months or Longer   167,213
Available-for-sale Securities, Continuous Unrealized Loss Position, Fair Value, Total 252,936 227,754
Available-for-sale securities, Continuous Unrealized Loss Position, Gross Unrealized Losses    
Available-for-sale securities, Continuous Unrealized Loss Position, Gross Unrealized Losses, Less than 12 Months 282 189
Available-for-sale securities, Continuous Unrealized Loss Position, Gross Unrealized Losses, 12 Months or Longer   2,787
Available-for-sale securities, Continuous Unrealized Loss Position, Gross Unrealized Losses, Total $ 282 2,976
Mortgage-backed - Agency - multi-family    
Available-for-sale securities, Continuous Unrealized Loss Position, Fair Value    
Available-for-sale securities, Continuous Unrealized Loss Position, Fair Value, Less than 12 Months   364
Available-for-sale securities, Continuous Unrealized Loss Position, Fair Value, 12 Months or Longer   186
Available-for-sale Securities, Continuous Unrealized Loss Position, Fair Value, Total   550
Available-for-sale securities, Continuous Unrealized Loss Position, Gross Unrealized Losses    
Available-for-sale securities, Continuous Unrealized Loss Position, Gross Unrealized Losses, Less than 12 Months   1
Available-for-sale securities, Continuous Unrealized Loss Position, Gross Unrealized Losses, 12 Months or Longer   2
Available-for-sale securities, Continuous Unrealized Loss Position, Gross Unrealized Losses, Total   $ 3
v3.25.0.1
Investment Securities - Allowance for Credit Losses (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Thousands
Dec. 31, 2024
Dec. 31, 2023
Debt Securities, Held-to-Maturity, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]    
Securities available for sale, allowance for credit losses $ 0 $ 0
Securities held to maturity, allowance for credit losses 0 0
Amortized Cost 1,664,686 $ 1,204,217
Internal Investment Grade | Non-agency mortgage-backed senior securities    
Debt Securities, Held-to-Maturity, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]    
Amortized Cost 526,200  
Internal Noninvestment Grade | Non-agency mortgage-backed senior securities    
Debt Securities, Held-to-Maturity, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]    
Amortized Cost $ 1,100,000  
v3.25.0.1
Mortgage Loans in Process of Securitization (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Millions
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2024
Dec. 31, 2023
Mortgage Loans in Process of Securitization    
Unrealized gains included in mortgage loans $ 4.1 $ 0.8
v3.25.0.1
Loans and Allowance for Credit Losses on Loans - Summary of Loans By Classification (Details)
$ in Thousands
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2024
USD ($)
Dec. 31, 2023
USD ($)
Dec. 31, 2022
USD ($)
Dec. 31, 2021
USD ($)
Loans and Allowance for Credit Losses on Loans        
Accrued interest on loans, excluded from amortized cost of loans $ 51,900 $ 60,400    
Loans 10,438,388 10,199,553    
ACL-Loans 84,386 71,752 $ 44,014 $ 31,344
Loans receivable 10,354,002 10,127,801    
Mortgage warehouse repurchase agreements        
Loans and Allowance for Credit Losses on Loans        
Loans 1,446,068 752,468    
ACL-Loans 3,816 2,070 1,249 1,955
Residential real estate        
Loans and Allowance for Credit Losses on Loans        
Loans 1,322,853 1,324,305    
ACL-Loans 5,942 7,323 7,029 4,170
Residential real estate | Home equity line of credit        
Loans and Allowance for Credit Losses on Loans        
Loans 1,200,000 1,200,000    
Multi-family financing        
Loans and Allowance for Credit Losses on Loans        
Loans 4,624,299 4,006,160    
ACL-Loans 55,126 26,874 16,781 14,084
Healthcare financing        
Loans and Allowance for Credit Losses on Loans        
Loans 1,484,483 2,356,689    
ACL-Loans 8,562 22,454 9,882 4,461
Commercial and commercial real estate        
Loans and Allowance for Credit Losses on Loans        
Loans 1,476,211 1,643,081    
ACL-Loans 10,293 12,243 8,326 5,879
Revolving lines of credit collateralized primarily by mortgage servicing rights 908,900 1,100,000    
Commercial and commercial real estate | Non - Owner occupied commercial real estate        
Loans and Allowance for Credit Losses on Loans        
Loans $ 18,700 8,400    
Percentage of loans to be forgiven 1      
Agricultural production and real estate        
Loans and Allowance for Credit Losses on Loans        
Loans $ 77,631 103,150    
ACL-Loans 539 619 565 657
Consumer and margin loans        
Loans and Allowance for Credit Losses on Loans        
Loans 6,843 13,700    
ACL-Loans $ 108 169 $ 182 $ 138
Multi-family and healthcare financing        
Loans and Allowance for Credit Losses on Loans        
Loans   $ 8,400    
v3.25.0.1
Loans and Allowance for Credit Losses on Loans - Allowance For Credit-Loan Losses (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Thousands
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2024
Dec. 31, 2023
Dec. 31, 2022
Allowance for credit losses      
Balance, beginning of period $ 71,752 $ 44,014 $ 31,344
FMBI's ACL for loans sold (593)    
Provision for credit losses 23,678 37,488 13,473
Loans charged to the allowance (10,587) (9,791) (1,257)
Recoveries of loans previously charged-off 136 41 753
Balance, end of period 84,386 71,752 44,014
ACL Loans      
Provision for credit losses 24,278 40,231 17,295
Provision for credit losses, ACL Loans 23,700 37,500 13,500
Provision for credit losses, ACL-OBCE's 2,200 2,700 2,600
Provision for credit losses, ACL-Guarantees 1,000   1,200
Release of FMBI's ACL-Loans for loans sold 600    
Accounting Standards Update 2016-13 [Member] | Cumulative Effect, Period of Adoption, Adjustment      
Allowance for credit losses      
Balance, beginning of period     (299)
Mortgage warehouse repurchase agreements      
Allowance for credit losses      
Balance, beginning of period 2,070 1,249 1,955
Provision for credit losses 1,746 821 (747)
Balance, end of period 3,816 2,070 1,249
Mortgage warehouse repurchase agreements | Accounting Standards Update 2016-13 [Member] | Cumulative Effect, Period of Adoption, Adjustment      
Allowance for credit losses      
Balance, beginning of period     41
Residential real estate      
Allowance for credit losses      
Balance, beginning of period 7,323 7,029 4,170
FMBI's ACL for loans sold (55)    
Provision for credit losses (1,340) 328 2,588
Loans charged to the allowance   (34) (4)
Recoveries of loans previously charged-off 14    
Balance, end of period 5,942 7,323 7,029
Residential real estate | Accounting Standards Update 2016-13 [Member] | Cumulative Effect, Period of Adoption, Adjustment      
Allowance for credit losses      
Balance, beginning of period     275
Multi-family financing      
Allowance for credit losses      
Balance, beginning of period 26,874 16,781 14,084
FMBI's ACL for loans sold (186)    
Provision for credit losses 33,674 18,493 2,177
Loans charged to the allowance (5,282) (8,400)  
Recoveries of loans previously charged-off 46    
Balance, end of period 55,126 26,874 16,781
Multi-family financing | Accounting Standards Update 2016-13 [Member] | Cumulative Effect, Period of Adoption, Adjustment      
Allowance for credit losses      
Balance, beginning of period     520
Healthcare financing      
Allowance for credit losses      
Balance, beginning of period 22,454 9,882 4,461
FMBI's ACL for loans sold (2)    
Provision for credit losses (10,795) 12,572 5,282
Loans charged to the allowance (3,095)    
Balance, end of period 8,562 22,454 9,882
Healthcare financing | Accounting Standards Update 2016-13 [Member] | Cumulative Effect, Period of Adoption, Adjustment      
Allowance for credit losses      
Balance, beginning of period     139
Commercial and commercial real estate      
Allowance for credit losses      
Balance, beginning of period 12,243 8,326 5,879
FMBI's ACL for loans sold (92)    
Provision for credit losses 276 5,232 4,216
Loans charged to the allowance (2,210) (1,356) (1,238)
Recoveries of loans previously charged-off 76 41 746
Balance, end of period 10,293 12,243 8,326
Commercial and commercial real estate | Accounting Standards Update 2016-13 [Member] | Cumulative Effect, Period of Adoption, Adjustment      
Allowance for credit losses      
Balance, beginning of period     (1,277)
Agricultural production and real estate      
Allowance for credit losses      
Balance, beginning of period 619 565 657
FMBI's ACL for loans sold (246)    
Provision for credit losses 166 54 (74)
Balance, end of period 539 619 565
Agricultural production and real estate | Accounting Standards Update 2016-13 [Member] | Cumulative Effect, Period of Adoption, Adjustment      
Allowance for credit losses      
Balance, beginning of period     (18)
Consumer and margin loans      
Allowance for credit losses      
Balance, beginning of period 169 182 138
FMBI's ACL for loans sold (12)    
Provision for credit losses (49) (12) 31
Loans charged to the allowance   (1) (15)
Recoveries of loans previously charged-off     7
Balance, end of period $ 108 $ 169 182
Consumer and margin loans | Accounting Standards Update 2016-13 [Member] | Cumulative Effect, Period of Adoption, Adjustment      
Allowance for credit losses      
Balance, beginning of period     $ 21
v3.25.0.1
Loans and Allowance for Credit Losses on Loans - Amortized cost basis and ACL (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Thousands
Dec. 31, 2024
Dec. 31, 2023
Dec. 31, 2022
Dec. 31, 2021
Loans and Allowance for Credit Losses on Loans        
Amortized Cost Basis $ 10,438,388 $ 10,199,553    
ACL-Loans 84,386 71,752 $ 44,014 $ 31,344
Real Estate        
Loans and Allowance for Credit Losses on Loans        
Amortized Cost Basis 314,557 122,334    
Accounts Receivable or Equipment        
Loans and Allowance for Credit Losses on Loans        
Amortized Cost Basis 1,453 3,603    
Other        
Loans and Allowance for Credit Losses on Loans        
Amortized Cost Basis 1,322 2,690    
Collateral pledged        
Loans and Allowance for Credit Losses on Loans        
Amortized Cost Basis 317,332 128,627    
ACL-Loans 25,224 7,964    
Residential real estate        
Loans and Allowance for Credit Losses on Loans        
Amortized Cost Basis 1,322,853 1,324,305    
ACL-Loans 5,942 7,323 7,029 4,170
Residential real estate | Real Estate        
Loans and Allowance for Credit Losses on Loans        
Amortized Cost Basis 6,153 1,557    
Residential real estate | Other        
Loans and Allowance for Credit Losses on Loans        
Amortized Cost Basis   3    
Residential real estate | Collateral pledged        
Loans and Allowance for Credit Losses on Loans        
Amortized Cost Basis 6,153 1,560    
ACL-Loans 31 21    
Multi-family and healthcare financing        
Loans and Allowance for Credit Losses on Loans        
Amortized Cost Basis   8,400    
Multi-family financing        
Loans and Allowance for Credit Losses on Loans        
Amortized Cost Basis 4,624,299 4,006,160    
ACL-Loans 55,126 26,874 16,781 14,084
Multi-family financing | Real Estate        
Loans and Allowance for Credit Losses on Loans        
Amortized Cost Basis 227,054 46,575    
Multi-family financing | Other        
Loans and Allowance for Credit Losses on Loans        
Amortized Cost Basis 693      
Multi-family financing | Collateral pledged        
Loans and Allowance for Credit Losses on Loans        
Amortized Cost Basis 227,747 46,575    
ACL-Loans 22,265 521    
Healthcare financing        
Loans and Allowance for Credit Losses on Loans        
Amortized Cost Basis 1,484,483 2,356,689    
ACL-Loans 8,562 22,454 9,882 4,461
Healthcare financing | Real Estate        
Loans and Allowance for Credit Losses on Loans        
Amortized Cost Basis 73,225 73,909    
Healthcare financing | Collateral pledged        
Loans and Allowance for Credit Losses on Loans        
Amortized Cost Basis 73,225 73,909    
ACL-Loans 2,569 6,289    
Commercial and commercial real estate        
Loans and Allowance for Credit Losses on Loans        
Amortized Cost Basis 1,476,211 1,643,081    
ACL-Loans 10,293 12,243 8,326 5,879
Commercial and commercial real estate | Real Estate        
Loans and Allowance for Credit Losses on Loans        
Amortized Cost Basis 8,125 146    
Commercial and commercial real estate | Accounts Receivable or Equipment        
Loans and Allowance for Credit Losses on Loans        
Amortized Cost Basis 1,447 3,603    
Commercial and commercial real estate | Other        
Loans and Allowance for Credit Losses on Loans        
Amortized Cost Basis 629 2,684    
Commercial and commercial real estate | Collateral pledged        
Loans and Allowance for Credit Losses on Loans        
Amortized Cost Basis 10,201 6,433    
ACL-Loans 358 1,132    
Agricultural production and real estate        
Loans and Allowance for Credit Losses on Loans        
Amortized Cost Basis 77,631 103,150    
ACL-Loans 539 619 565 657
Agricultural production and real estate | Real Estate        
Loans and Allowance for Credit Losses on Loans        
Amortized Cost Basis   147    
Agricultural production and real estate | Accounts Receivable or Equipment        
Loans and Allowance for Credit Losses on Loans        
Amortized Cost Basis 6      
Agricultural production and real estate | Collateral pledged        
Loans and Allowance for Credit Losses on Loans        
Amortized Cost Basis 6 147    
ACL-Loans 1 1    
Consumer and margin loans        
Loans and Allowance for Credit Losses on Loans        
Amortized Cost Basis 6,843 13,700    
ACL-Loans $ 108 169 $ 182 $ 138
Consumer and margin loans | Other        
Loans and Allowance for Credit Losses on Loans        
Amortized Cost Basis   3    
Consumer and margin loans | Collateral pledged        
Loans and Allowance for Credit Losses on Loans        
Amortized Cost Basis   $ 3    
v3.25.0.1
Loans and Allowance for Credit Losses on Loans - Credit Risk Profile of Loan Portfolio (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Thousands
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2024
Dec. 31, 2023
Dec. 31, 2022
Credit risk profile of portfolio      
2024/2023 $ 1,752,656 $ 2,115,132  
2023/2022 923,749 1,954,111  
2022/2021 1,151,608 454,876  
2021/2020 163,431 136,666  
2020/2019 49,226 74,113  
Prior 53,272 58,347  
Revolving Loans 6,344,446 5,406,308  
Loans 10,438,388 10,199,553  
Net Charge-Offs      
Charge-offs 2023/2022 870 8,896  
Charge-offs 2022/2021 4,665 274  
Charge-offs 2021/2020 4,077 586  
Charge-offs Prior 975 22  
Charge-offs Revolving Loans   13  
Net Charge-Offs 10,587 9,791 $ 1,257
Pass      
Credit risk profile of portfolio      
2024/2023 1,598,887 1,947,008  
2023/2022 714,740 1,902,347  
2022/2021 1,006,473 409,166  
2021/2020 125,050 135,601  
2020/2019 49,226 73,977  
Prior 52,738 55,806  
Revolving Loans 6,193,973 5,355,754  
Loans 9,741,087 9,879,659  
Special Mention      
Credit risk profile of portfolio      
2024/2023 120,884 130,842  
2023/2022 77,700 12,709  
2022/2021 68,910 8,692  
2021/2020 1,633 187  
2020/2019   74  
Prior 290 2,053  
Revolving Loans 110,552 36,710  
Loans 379,969 191,267  
Substandard      
Credit risk profile of portfolio      
2024/2023 32,885 37,282  
2023/2022 131,309 39,055  
2022/2021 76,225 37,018  
2021/2020 36,748 878  
2020/2019   62  
Prior 244 438  
Revolving Loans 39,921 13,844  
Loans 317,332 128,577  
Doubtful      
Credit risk profile of portfolio      
Prior   50  
Loans   50  
Mortgage warehouse lines of credit      
Credit risk profile of portfolio      
Revolving Loans 1,446,068 752,468  
Loans 1,446,068 752,468  
Mortgage warehouse lines of credit | Pass      
Credit risk profile of portfolio      
Revolving Loans 1,446,068 752,468  
Loans 1,446,068 752,468  
Residential real estate      
Credit risk profile of portfolio      
2024/2023 40,363 31,011  
2023/2022 30,750 10,086  
2022/2021 8,234 6,573  
2021/2020 6,181 22,725  
2020/2019 18,712 3,357  
Prior 6,413 10,120  
Revolving Loans 1,212,200 1,240,433  
Loans 1,322,853 1,324,305  
Net Charge-Offs      
Charge-offs Prior   21  
Charge-offs Revolving Loans   13  
Net Charge-Offs   34 4
Residential real estate | Pass      
Credit risk profile of portfolio      
2024/2023 40,363 31,011  
2023/2022 30,750 10,086  
2022/2021 8,212 6,573  
2021/2020 6,181 22,725  
2020/2019 18,712 3,298  
Prior 6,210 9,340  
Revolving Loans 1,206,272 1,239,161  
Loans 1,316,700 1,322,194  
Residential real estate | Special Mention      
Credit risk profile of portfolio      
2020/2019   59  
Prior   492  
Loans   551  
Residential real estate | Substandard      
Credit risk profile of portfolio      
2022/2021 22    
Prior 203 288  
Revolving Loans 5,928 1,272  
Loans 6,153 1,560  
Multi-family and healthcare financing      
Credit risk profile of portfolio      
2023/2022   8,400  
Loans   8,400  
Multi-family financing      
Credit risk profile of portfolio      
2024/2023 1,135,509 1,201,353  
2023/2022 701,573 793,997  
2022/2021 553,495 223,277  
2021/2020 69,337 77,340  
2020/2019 5,460 29,764  
Prior 10,694 9,932  
Revolving Loans 2,148,231 1,670,497  
Loans 4,624,299 4,006,160  
Net Charge-Offs      
Charge-offs 2023/2022 870    
Charge-offs 2022/2021 4,412    
Net Charge-Offs 5,282 8,400  
Multi-family financing | Pass      
Credit risk profile of portfolio      
2024/2023 1,028,288 1,094,698  
2023/2022 518,320 762,448  
2022/2021 419,723 208,343  
2021/2020 66,787 77,340  
2020/2019 5,460 29,764  
Prior 10,456 8,455  
Revolving Loans 2,109,707 1,646,445  
Loans 4,158,741 3,827,493  
Multi-family financing | Special Mention      
Credit risk profile of portfolio      
2024/2023 88,337 94,973  
2023/2022 77,700 3,189  
2022/2021 57,679 8,400  
Prior 238 1,477  
Revolving Loans 13,857 24,052  
Loans 237,811 132,091  
Multi-family financing | Substandard      
Credit risk profile of portfolio      
2024/2023 18,884 11,682  
2023/2022 105,553 28,360  
2022/2021 76,093 6,534  
2021/2020 2,550    
Revolving Loans 24,667    
Loans 227,747 46,576  
Healthcare financing      
Credit risk profile of portfolio      
2024/2023 506,767 814,060  
2023/2022 137,823 1,016,418  
2022/2021 475,293 138,980  
2021/2020 25,363    
2020/2019   14,563  
Revolving Loans 339,237 372,668  
Loans 1,484,483 2,356,689  
Net Charge-Offs      
Charge-offs 2021/2020 3,095    
Net Charge-Offs 3,095    
Healthcare financing | Pass      
Credit risk profile of portfolio      
2024/2023 460,259 752,591  
2023/2022 112,223 996,273  
2022/2021 466,393 110,197  
2020/2019   14,563  
Revolving Loans 234,316 351,110  
Loans 1,273,191 2,224,734  
Healthcare financing | Special Mention      
Credit risk profile of portfolio      
2024/2023 32,547 35,869  
2023/2022   9,520  
2022/2021 8,900    
Revolving Loans 96,620 12,658  
Loans 138,067 58,047  
Healthcare financing | Substandard      
Credit risk profile of portfolio      
2024/2023 13,961 25,600  
2023/2022 25,600 10,625  
2022/2021   28,783  
2021/2020 25,363    
Revolving Loans 8,301 8,900  
Loans 73,225 73,908  
Commercial and commercial real estate      
Credit risk profile of portfolio      
2024/2023 52,363 51,110  
2023/2022 46,149 119,456  
2022/2021 109,892 79,309  
2021/2020 59,371 22,204  
2020/2019 16,264 21,150  
Prior 18,309 17,200  
Revolving Loans 1,173,863 1,332,652  
Loans 1,476,211 1,643,081  
Net Charge-Offs      
Charge-offs 2023/2022   496  
Charge-offs 2022/2021 253 274  
Charge-offs 2021/2020 982 586  
Charge-offs Prior 975    
Net Charge-Offs 2,210 1,356 1,238
Commercial and commercial real estate | Pass      
Credit risk profile of portfolio      
2024/2023 52,323 51,110  
2023/2022 45,999 119,386  
2022/2021 107,451 77,316  
2021/2020 48,903 21,154  
2020/2019 16,264 21,088  
Prior 18,216 17,066  
Revolving Loans 1,172,763 1,328,980  
Loans 1,461,919 1,636,100  
Commercial and commercial real estate | Special Mention      
Credit risk profile of portfolio      
2022/2021 2,331 292  
2021/2020 1,633 172  
Prior 52 84  
Revolving Loans 75    
Loans 4,091 548  
Commercial and commercial real estate | Substandard      
Credit risk profile of portfolio      
2024/2023 40    
2023/2022 150 70  
2022/2021 110 1,701  
2021/2020 8,835 878  
2020/2019   62  
Prior 41    
Revolving Loans 1,025 3,672  
Loans 10,201 6,383  
Commercial and commercial real estate | Doubtful      
Credit risk profile of portfolio      
Prior   50  
Loans   50  
Agricultural production and real estate      
Credit risk profile of portfolio      
2024/2023 17,328 16,850  
2023/2022 7,379 9,825  
2022/2021 4,676 6,490  
2021/2020 3,170 14,267  
2020/2019 8,790 5,237  
Prior 13,705 16,753  
Revolving Loans 22,583 33,728  
Loans 77,631 103,150  
Agricultural production and real estate | Pass      
Credit risk profile of portfolio      
2024/2023 17,328 16,850  
2023/2022 7,373 9,825  
2022/2021 4,676 6,490  
2021/2020 3,170 14,267  
2020/2019 8,790 5,237  
Prior 13,705 16,606  
Revolving Loans 22,583 33,728  
Loans 77,625 103,003  
Agricultural production and real estate | Substandard      
Credit risk profile of portfolio      
2023/2022 6    
Prior   147  
Loans 6 147  
Consumer and margin loans      
Credit risk profile of portfolio      
2024/2023 326 748  
2023/2022 75 4,329  
2022/2021 18 247  
2021/2020 9 130  
2020/2019   42  
Prior 4,151 4,342  
Revolving Loans 2,264 3,862  
Loans 6,843 13,700  
Net Charge-Offs      
Charge-offs Prior   1  
Net Charge-Offs   1 $ 15
Consumer and margin loans | Pass      
Credit risk profile of portfolio      
2024/2023 326 748  
2023/2022 75 4,329  
2022/2021 18 247  
2021/2020 9 115  
2020/2019   27  
Prior 4,151 4,339  
Revolving Loans 2,264 3,862  
Loans $ 6,843 13,667  
Consumer and margin loans | Special Mention      
Credit risk profile of portfolio      
2021/2020   15  
2020/2019   15  
Loans   30  
Consumer and margin loans | Substandard      
Credit risk profile of portfolio      
Prior   3  
Loans   $ 3  
v3.25.0.1
Loans and Allowance for Credit Losses on Loans - Aging Analysis Of The Recorded Investment In Loans (Details)
$ in Thousands
Dec. 31, 2024
USD ($)
loan
Dec. 31, 2023
USD ($)
loan
Aging analysis of loan portfolio    
Loans $ 10,438,388 $ 10,199,553
Total Past Due    
Aging analysis of loan portfolio    
Loans 292,263 183,529
30-59 Days Past Due    
Aging analysis of loan portfolio    
Loans 10,460 42,975
60-89 Days Past Due    
Aging analysis of loan portfolio    
Loans 15,633 58,737
90+ Days Past Due    
Aging analysis of loan portfolio    
Loans 266,170 81,817
Current    
Aging analysis of loan portfolio    
Loans 10,146,125 10,016,024
Mortgage warehouse lines of credit    
Aging analysis of loan portfolio    
Loans 1,446,068 752,468
Mortgage warehouse lines of credit | Current    
Aging analysis of loan portfolio    
Loans 1,446,068 752,468
Residential real estate    
Aging analysis of loan portfolio    
Loans 1,322,853 1,324,305
Residential real estate | Total Past Due    
Aging analysis of loan portfolio    
Loans 7,430 6,936
Residential real estate | 30-59 Days Past Due    
Aging analysis of loan portfolio    
Loans $ 1,294 4,557
Number of delinquent loans classified as held for sale | loan 2  
Residential real estate | 60-89 Days Past Due    
Aging analysis of loan portfolio    
Loans $ 3,797  
Residential real estate | 90+ Days Past Due    
Aging analysis of loan portfolio    
Loans $ 2,339 2,379
Number of delinquent loans classified as held for sale | loan 1  
Loan as held for sale $ 100  
Residential real estate | Current    
Aging analysis of loan portfolio    
Loans 1,315,423 1,317,369
Multi-family and healthcare financing    
Aging analysis of loan portfolio    
Loans   8,400
Healthcare financing    
Aging analysis of loan portfolio    
Loans 1,484,483 2,356,689
Healthcare financing | Total Past Due    
Aging analysis of loan portfolio    
Loans 59,264 83,274
Healthcare financing | 30-59 Days Past Due    
Aging analysis of loan portfolio    
Loan as held for sale 2,100  
Healthcare financing | 60-89 Days Past Due    
Aging analysis of loan portfolio    
Loans   47,275
Healthcare financing | 90+ Days Past Due    
Aging analysis of loan portfolio    
Loans 59,264 35,999
Healthcare financing | Current    
Aging analysis of loan portfolio    
Loans 1,425,219 2,273,415
Multi-family financing    
Aging analysis of loan portfolio    
Loans 4,624,299 4,006,160
Multi-family financing | Total Past Due    
Aging analysis of loan portfolio    
Loans 221,153 88,882
Multi-family financing | 30-59 Days Past Due    
Aging analysis of loan portfolio    
Loans $ 8,497 $ 38,218
Number of delinquent loans classified as held for sale | loan 1 1
Loan as held for sale $ 30,100 $ 16,500
Multi-family financing | 60-89 Days Past Due    
Aging analysis of loan portfolio    
Loans 11,148 11,055
Multi-family financing | 90+ Days Past Due    
Aging analysis of loan portfolio    
Loans 201,508 39,609
Multi-family financing | Current    
Aging analysis of loan portfolio    
Loans 4,403,146 3,917,278
Commercial and commercial real estate    
Aging analysis of loan portfolio    
Loans 1,476,211 1,643,081
Commercial and commercial real estate | Total Past Due    
Aging analysis of loan portfolio    
Loans 4,331 4,230
Commercial and commercial real estate | 30-59 Days Past Due    
Aging analysis of loan portfolio    
Loans 596 172
Commercial and commercial real estate | 60-89 Days Past Due    
Aging analysis of loan portfolio    
Loans 688 393
Commercial and commercial real estate | 90+ Days Past Due    
Aging analysis of loan portfolio    
Loans 3,047 3,665
Commercial and commercial real estate | Current    
Aging analysis of loan portfolio    
Loans 1,471,880 1,638,851
Agricultural production and real estate    
Aging analysis of loan portfolio    
Loans 77,631 103,150
Agricultural production and real estate | Total Past Due    
Aging analysis of loan portfolio    
Loans 85 185
Agricultural production and real estate | 30-59 Days Past Due    
Aging analysis of loan portfolio    
Loans 73 27
Agricultural production and real estate | 60-89 Days Past Due    
Aging analysis of loan portfolio    
Loans   11
Agricultural production and real estate | 90+ Days Past Due    
Aging analysis of loan portfolio    
Loans 12 147
Agricultural production and real estate | Current    
Aging analysis of loan portfolio    
Loans 77,546 102,965
Consumer and margin loans    
Aging analysis of loan portfolio    
Loans 6,843 13,700
Consumer and margin loans | Total Past Due    
Aging analysis of loan portfolio    
Loans   22
Consumer and margin loans | 30-59 Days Past Due    
Aging analysis of loan portfolio    
Loans   1
Consumer and margin loans | 60-89 Days Past Due    
Aging analysis of loan portfolio    
Loans   3
Consumer and margin loans | 90+ Days Past Due    
Aging analysis of loan portfolio    
Loans   18
Consumer and margin loans | Current    
Aging analysis of loan portfolio    
Loans $ 6,843 $ 13,678
v3.25.0.1
Loans and Allowance for Credit Losses on Loans - Non Accrual Loans and Loans Past Due 90 Days Or More and Still Accruing (Details)
$ in Thousands
Dec. 31, 2024
USD ($)
loan
Dec. 31, 2023
USD ($)
Loan portfolio past due loans    
Nonaccrual $ 279,716 $ 73,847
Total Loans Greater than 90 Days & Accruing 6 8,168
Residential Portfolio Segment [Member]    
Loan portfolio past due loans    
Nonaccrual $ 6,154 1,486
Total Loans Greater than 90 Days & Accruing   894
Residential Portfolio Segment [Member] | Greater Than 90 Days    
Loan portfolio past due loans    
Number of nonaccrual loans held for sale | loan 1  
Nonaccrual loans held for sale $ 100  
Multi-family financing    
Loan portfolio past due loans    
Nonaccrual 201,508 39,608
Healthcare financing    
Loan portfolio past due loans    
Nonaccrual 69,001 28,783
Total Loans Greater than 90 Days & Accruing   7,216
Commercial and commercial real estate    
Loan portfolio past due loans    
Nonaccrual 3,047 3,820
Total Loans Greater than 90 Days & Accruing   43
Agricultural production and real estate    
Loan portfolio past due loans    
Nonaccrual 6 147
Total Loans Greater than 90 Days & Accruing $ 6  
Consumer and margin loans    
Loan portfolio past due loans    
Nonaccrual   3
Total Loans Greater than 90 Days & Accruing   $ 15
v3.25.0.1
Loans and Allowance for Credit Losses on Loans - Modified loans (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Thousands
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2024
Dec. 31, 2023
Loan portfolio past due loans    
Modified loans $ 106,145 $ 3,553
% of Total Class of Financing Receivable 1.00%  
Current    
Loan portfolio past due loans    
Modified loans $ 78,519  
60-89 Days Past Due    
Loan portfolio past due loans    
Modified loans 27,626  
Payment Deferral    
Loan portfolio past due loans    
Modified loans 50,135 3,553
Term Extension    
Loan portfolio past due loans    
Modified loans 56,010  
Commercial and commercial real estate    
Loan portfolio past due loans    
Modified loans 13,961 3,553
Commercial and commercial real estate | 30 - 89 Days Past Due    
Loan portfolio past due loans    
Modified loans $ 13,961  
Commercial and commercial real estate | Payment Deferral    
Loan portfolio past due loans    
Modified loans   $ 3,553
Weighted average term modification 12 months  
Multi-family financing    
Loan portfolio past due loans    
Modified loans $ 92,184  
% of Total Class of Financing Receivable 2.00%  
Value of loans defaulted $ 23,400  
Multi-family financing | Current    
Loan portfolio past due loans    
Modified loans 78,519  
Multi-family financing | 30 - 89 Days Past Due    
Loan portfolio past due loans    
Modified loans 13,665  
Multi-family financing | Payment Deferral    
Loan portfolio past due loans    
Modified loans $ 40,398  
Weighted average term modification 7 months  
Multi-family financing | Term Extension    
Loan portfolio past due loans    
Modified loans $ 51,786  
Weighted average term modification 23 months  
Healthcare financing    
Loan portfolio past due loans    
Modified loans $ 13,961  
% of Total Class of Financing Receivable 1.00%  
Healthcare financing | Payment Deferral    
Loan portfolio past due loans    
Modified loans $ 9,737  
Weighted average term modification 6 months  
Healthcare financing | Term Extension    
Loan portfolio past due loans    
Modified loans $ 4,224  
Weighted average term modification 12 months  
v3.25.0.1
Loans and Allowance for Credit Losses on Loans - Narrative (Details)
1 Months Ended 12 Months Ended
Sep. 26, 2024
USD ($)
Aug. 11, 2024
USD ($)
loan
Apr. 30, 2024
USD ($)
loan
Dec. 31, 2024
USD ($)
loan
Dec. 31, 2023
USD ($)
Dec. 31, 2022
USD ($)
Loans and Allowance for Credit Losses on Loans            
Carrying value, at year-end, of securities held-to-maturity purchased from debt funds       $ 155,268,000 $ 293,268,000 $ 1,252,793,000
Purchase of loans       108,620,000 358,462,000 $ 551,091,000
Loan guarantee       $ 204,700,000 129,700,000  
Loan Sale and Freddie Mac Q Series Securitization            
Loans and Allowance for Credit Losses on Loans            
First loss position in loan portfolio, maximum securitization pool, percentage       12.00%    
Loan guarantee       $ 800,000    
Loan Sale and Freddie Mac Q Series Securitization | Other Liabilities [Member]            
Loans and Allowance for Credit Losses on Loans            
Non-contingent reserve       $ 1,800,000 2,500,000  
Multi-family and healthcare financing | Loan Sale and Freddie Mac Q Series Securitization            
Loans and Allowance for Credit Losses on Loans            
Amount of portfolio of loans sold in a securitization transaction   $ 303,600,000        
Number of loans securitized | loan   11        
Gain on sale of loans   $ 60,000        
Mortgage servicing right established   $ 1,500,000        
Multi-family financing | Special Mention            
Loans and Allowance for Credit Losses on Loans            
Number of loans classified as held for sale | loan       1    
Loan as held for sale       $ 17,400,000    
Multi-family financing | Loan Sale and Freddie Mac Q Series Securitization            
Loans and Allowance for Credit Losses on Loans            
Amount of portfolio of loans sold in a securitization transaction     $ 324,600,000      
Number of loans securitized | loan     13      
Gain on sale of loans     $ 1,400,000      
Mortgage servicing right established     $ 1,300,000      
Multi-family financing | Loan Sale and Securitization            
Loans and Allowance for Credit Losses on Loans            
Amount of portfolio of loans sold in a securitization transaction $ 628,900,000          
Carrying value, at year-end, of securities held-to-maturity purchased from debt funds $ 534,500,000          
Percentage of first loss position 15.00%          
Proceeds and accrued interest on loans, net of the acquired securities $ 94,000,000          
Allowance for credit losses associated with loans sold released through the provision for credit losses 4,400,000          
Gain (loss) on sale $ 600,000          
Residential real estate            
Loans and Allowance for Credit Losses on Loans            
Value of residential loans in process of foreclosure       $ 1,900,000 $ 0  
v3.25.0.1
Premises and Equipment (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Thousands
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2024
Dec. 31, 2023
Dec. 31, 2022
Premises and Equipment      
Total cost $ 72,021 $ 53,552  
Accumulated depreciation (13,404) (11,210)  
Net premises and equipment 58,617 42,342  
Depreciation 3,014 2,852 $ 2,485
Long term purchase commitment 7,900    
Land [Member]      
Premises and Equipment      
Total cost 8,016 8,099  
Building [Member]      
Premises and Equipment      
Total cost 28,200 29,291  
Building and remodeling in progress      
Premises and Equipment      
Total cost 20,453 2,489  
Leasehold Improvements [Member]      
Premises and Equipment      
Total cost 1,017 352  
Furniture, fixtures, equipment and software      
Premises and Equipment      
Total cost $ 14,335 $ 13,321  
v3.25.0.1
Loan Servicing (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Thousands
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2024
Dec. 31, 2023
Dec. 31, 2022
Loan Servicing      
Balance, beginning of period $ 158,457 $ 146,248 $ 110,348
Paydowns (9,901) (7,621) (10,985)
Changes in fair value due to changes in valuation inputs or assumptions used in the valuation model 22,709 4,562 19,761
Balance, end of period 189,935 158,457 146,248
Revenue from specified servicing fee 30,900 29,300 21,400
Escrow funds 1,500,000 1,300,000  
Customer servicing loan 7,500,000 7,900,000  
Purchased servicing      
Loan Servicing      
Additions   513  
Originated servicing      
Loan Servicing      
Additions $ 18,670 14,755 $ 27,124
Mortgage Loans      
Loan Servicing      
Sliding scale to deter prepayments (in years) 10 years    
Unpaid principal balances of mortgage and other loans serviced for others $ 17,600,000 15,300,000  
Unpaid principal balances of loans subserviced for others 3,000,000 2,100,000  
Unpaid principal balances of loans others servicing 784,800 721,100  
Multi-family financing | Mortgage Loans      
Loan Servicing      
Unpaid principal balances of mortgage loan $ 29,000,000 $ 26,000,000  
v3.25.0.1
Goodwill (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Thousands
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2024
Dec. 31, 2023
Dec. 31, 2022
Goodwill      
Goodwill $ 8,014 $ 15,845 $ 15,845
Changes in goodwill:      
Balance, beginning of period 15,845 15,845 15,845
Sale of FMBI branches (7,831) 0 0
Balance, end of period 8,014 15,845 15,845
Multi-family Mortgage Banking      
Goodwill      
Goodwill 3,791 3,791 3,791
Changes in goodwill:      
Balance, beginning of period 3,791 3,791 3,791
Sale of FMBI branches 0 0 0
Balance, end of period 3,791 3,791 3,791
Banking      
Goodwill      
Goodwill 522 8,353 8,353
Changes in goodwill:      
Balance, beginning of period 8,353 8,353 8,353
Sale of FMBI branches (7,831) 0 0
Balance, end of period 522 8,353 8,353
Mortgage Warehousing      
Goodwill      
Goodwill 3,701 3,701 3,701
Changes in goodwill:      
Balance, beginning of period 3,701 3,701 3,701
Sale of FMBI branches 0 0 0
Balance, end of period $ 3,701 $ 3,701 $ 3,701
v3.25.0.1
Qualified Affordable Housing and Other Tax Credits - Investments And Commitments (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Thousands
Dec. 31, 2024
Dec. 31, 2023
Qualified Affordable Housing and Other Tax Credits    
Investment $ 180,107 $ 131,393
Investment, Proportional Amortization Method, Elected, Statement of Financial Position [Extensible Enumeration] Other Assets and Receivables Other Assets and Receivables
Total $ 191,044 $ 142,393
Unfunded Commitments 93,929 61,411
Total 93,929 61,411
LIHTC    
Qualified Affordable Housing and Other Tax Credits    
Investment $ 123,574 $ 78,718
Investment, Proportional Amortization Method, Elected, Statement of Financial Position [Extensible Enumeration] Other Assets and Receivables Other Assets and Receivables
Unfunded Commitments $ 93,929 $ 61,411
LIHTC projects held for future syndication    
Qualified Affordable Housing and Other Tax Credits    
Investment $ 56,533 $ 52,675
Investment, Proportional Amortization Method, Elected, Statement of Financial Position [Extensible Enumeration] Other Assets and Receivables Other Assets and Receivables
Joint Venture    
Qualified Affordable Housing and Other Tax Credits    
Investment $ 10,937 $ 11,000
v3.25.0.1
Qualified Affordable Housing and Other Tax Credits - Amortization and Tax Credits (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Thousands
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2024
Dec. 31, 2023
Dec. 31, 2022
Qualified Affordable Housing and Other Tax Credits      
Amortization expense $ 10,430 $ 7,949 $ 2,134
Investment Program, Proportional Amortization Method, Applied, Amortization Expense, Statement of Income or Comprehensive Income [Extensible Enumeration] Income Tax Expense (Benefit) Income Tax Expense (Benefit) Income Tax Expense (Benefit)
Investment Program Proportional Amortization Method Applied Income Tax Credit And Other Tax Benefit Amortization Statement Of Cash Flows Extensible Enumeration Not Disclosed Flag true true true
Expected tax credits $ 12,114 $ 8,416 $ 2,077
Investment Program, Proportional Amortization Method, Elected, Income Tax Credit and Other Income Tax Benefit, before Amortization, Statement of Income or Comprehensive Income [Extensible Enumeration] Income Tax Expense (Benefit) Income Tax Expense (Benefit) Income Tax Expense (Benefit)
Investment Program Proportional Amortization Method Elected Income Tax Credit And Other Income Tax Benefit Before Amortization Statement Of Cash Flows Extensible Enumeration Not Disclosed Flag true true true
Additional contribution on qualified affordable housing limited partnerships $ 93,929 $ 61,411  
v3.25.0.1
Qualified Affordable Housing and Other Tax Credits (Details) - LIHTC - USD ($)
$ in Millions
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2024
Dec. 31, 2023
Qualified Affordable Housing and Other Tax Credits    
General partner services fee $ 19.3  
Revenue recognition constrained on fees (percent) 100.00%  
Payment to acquire projects $ 98.8 $ 29.9
Investor    
Qualified Affordable Housing and Other Tax Credits    
Investment owned in percent 99.99%  
v3.25.0.1
Leases - Other (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Thousands
Dec. 31, 2024
Dec. 31, 2023
Leases    
Operating lease right-of-use assets $ 8,332 $ 10,060
Operating lease liabilities $ 9,303 $ 11,251
Maximum    
Leases    
Lease period 7 years  
Minimum    
Leases    
Lease period 1 year  
v3.25.0.1
Leases - Balance sheet, Statement of Income and Cash Flow Detail Regarding Operating Leases (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Thousands
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2024
Dec. 31, 2023
Dec. 31, 2022
Leases.      
Operating lease right-of-of use asset (in other assets) $ 8,332 $ 10,060  
Operating Lease, Right-of-Use Asset, Statement of Financial Position [Extensible Enumeration] Other Assets and Receivables Other Assets and Receivables  
Operating lease liability (in other liabilities) $ 9,303 $ 11,251  
Operating Lease, Liability, Statement of Financial Position [Extensible Enumeration] Other Liabilities Other Liabilities  
Weighted average remaining lease term (years) 4 years 7 months 6 days 6 years  
Weighted average discount rate 3.43% 2.89%  
Maturities of operating lease liabilities:      
One year or less $ 2,321    
Year two 2,293    
Year three 2,203    
Year four 1,597    
Year five 1,101    
Thereafter 547    
Total future minimum lease payments 10,062    
Less: imputed interest 759    
Total $ 9,303 $ 11,251  
Operating Lease, Liability, Statement of Financial Position [Extensible Enumeration] Other Liabilities Other Liabilities  
Leases, additional information      
Operating lease cost (in occupancy and equipment expense) $ 2,692 $ 2,438 $ 2,033
Operating cash flows from operating leases $ 2,505 $ 2,129 $ 1,461
v3.25.0.1
Other Assets and Receivables (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Millions
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2024
Dec. 31, 2023
Investment in Qualified Affordable Housing Limited Partnerships    
Prepaid Assets $ 130.8  
Increase in prepaid expenses 127.0  
Redemption amount of preferred stock 125.0  
Joint Ventures    
Investments in debt funds 31.8 $ 33.2
Additional investment in joint ventures 3.8 4.0
Corporate Joint Venture    
Joint Ventures    
Investment in joint ventures $ 42.2 $ 41.2
v3.25.0.1
Other Assets and Receivables - Intangible Assets (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Thousands
Dec. 31, 2024
Dec. 31, 2023
Dec. 31, 2022
Summary      
Gross Carrying Amount $ 885 $ 4,011 $ 4,011
Accumulated Amortization (288) (3,269) (2,825)
Sale of FMBI branches (538)    
Total 59 742 1,186
Licenses      
Summary      
Gross Carrying Amount 123 1,370 1,370
Accumulated Amortization (123) (1,247) (1,052)
Total   123 318
Trade names      
Summary      
Gross Carrying Amount 224 224 224
Accumulated Amortization (165) (143) (120)
Total 59 81 104
Core deposit intangible      
Summary      
Gross Carrying Amount 538 2,417 2,417
Accumulated Amortization   (1,879) (1,653)
Sale of FMBI branches $ (538)    
Total   $ 538 $ 764
v3.25.0.1
Other Assets and Receivables - Estimated Amortization Expense (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Thousands
Dec. 31, 2024
Dec. 31, 2023
Dec. 31, 2022
Estimated amortization expense      
2025 $ 23    
2026 22    
2027 14    
Total $ 59 $ 742 $ 1,186
v3.25.0.1
Other Assets and Receivables - Freestanding Credit Enhancements (Details)
$ in Millions
1 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2024
USD ($)
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable  
Principal balance of warehouse loans $ 1,200.0
Percentage of notional amount of warehouse repurchase 12.50%
Percentage of portfolio notional amount 0.80%
Minimum  
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable  
Replenishment amount of mutual agreement $ 1.2
Replenishment period of mutual agreement 36 months
Maximum  
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable  
Replenishment amount of mutual agreement $ 2.0
Replenishment period of mutual agreement 48 months
v3.25.0.1
Variable Interest Entities (VIEs) (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Thousands
Dec. 31, 2024
Dec. 31, 2023
Variable Interest Entities    
Liabilities for VIEs $ 16,562,422 $ 15,251,432
Variable Interest Entity, Not Primary Beneficiary    
Variable Interest Entities    
Investments in VIEs 257,499 151,962
Loans to VIEs 415,628 318,823
Securities of VIEs 1,652,833 1,192,201
Maximum Exposure to Loss 2,325,960 1,662,986
Liabilities for VIEs 92,708 37,851
Low-income housing tax credit investments | Variable Interest Entity, Not Primary Beneficiary    
Variable Interest Entities    
Investments in VIEs 225,727 118,741
Loans to VIEs 282,584 232,407
Maximum Exposure to Loss 508,311 351,148
Liabilities for VIEs 89,956 35,099
Debt funds | Variable Interest Entity, Not Primary Beneficiary    
Variable Interest Entities    
Investments in VIEs 31,772 33,221
Loans to VIEs 109,480 86,416
Maximum Exposure to Loss 141,252 119,637
Liabilities for VIEs 2,752 2,752
Off-balance-sheet REMIC trusts | Variable Interest Entity, Not Primary Beneficiary    
Variable Interest Entities    
Loans to VIEs 23,564  
Securities of VIEs 1,652,833 1,192,201
Maximum Exposure to Loss $ 1,676,397 $ 1,192,201
v3.25.0.1
Deposits - Components (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Thousands
Dec. 31, 2024
Dec. 31, 2023
Noninterest-bearing deposits    
Total noninterest-bearing deposits $ 239,005 $ 520,070
Interest-bearing deposits    
Core demand deposits 4,319,512 3,876,837
Brokered demand deposits   1,504,230
Total demand deposits 4,319,512 5,381,067
Core savings deposits 3,442,111 2,992,332
Brokered savings deposits 859 589
Total savings deposits 3,442,970 2,992,921
Core certificates of deposits 1,385,270 701,577
Brokered certificates of deposits 2,533,219 4,465,825
Total certificates of deposits 3,918,489 5,167,402
Total interest-bearing deposits 11,680,971 13,541,390
Total core deposits 9,385,898 8,090,816
Total brokered deposits 2,534,078 5,970,644
Total deposits $ 11,919,976 $ 14,061,460
v3.25.0.1
Deposits - Maturities of deposits (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Thousands
Dec. 31, 2024
Dec. 31, 2023
Deposits.    
Due within one year $ 3,821,474  
Due in one year to two years 82,846  
Due in two years to three years 14,169  
Total certificates of deposits 3,918,489 $ 5,167,402
Certificates of deposit of 250,000 or more $ 694,800 $ 411,200
v3.25.0.1
Borrowings - Components (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Thousands
Dec. 31, 2024
Dec. 31, 2023
Borrowings    
Other Borrowings $ 7,934 $ 7,934
Total borrowings 4,386,122 964,127
Federal Reserve discount window borrowings    
Borrowings    
Total borrowings 50,000  
Subordinated Debt    
Borrowings    
Total borrowings 71,800 64,922
FHLB advances    
Borrowings    
Total borrowings 4,172,030 771,392
Credit linked notes, net of debt discount    
Borrowings    
Total borrowings 84,358 119,879
Other Borrowings    
Borrowings    
Total borrowings $ 7,934 $ 7,900
v3.25.0.1
Borrowings - Other - (Details)
$ in Thousands
12 Months Ended
Mar. 30, 2023
USD ($)
Dec. 31, 2024
USD ($)
D
period
Dec. 31, 2023
USD ($)
Dec. 31, 2022
USD ($)
Jul. 20, 2023
USD ($)
Borrowings          
Amount outstanding   $ 4,386,122 $ 964,127    
Proceeds from borrowings   166,316,878 95,570,319 $ 65,777,538  
Federal Reserve discount window borrowings          
Borrowings          
Amount outstanding   $ 50,000      
Maturity period, minimum (in hours) | period   24      
Maturity period, maximum (in days) | D   90      
Outstanding balance   $ 50,000 0    
Federal reserve discount window borrowings, fixed interest rate   4.50%      
Federal Reserve discount window borrowings | Commercial, agricultural and construction loans          
Borrowings          
Amount of borrowings secured   $ 3,100,000 3,100,000    
Credit linked notes, net of debt discount          
Borrowings          
Amount outstanding   84,358 119,879    
Notes issued $ 158,100 $ 87,600 $ 123,900    
Proceeds from borrowings 153,500        
Repayment of principal $ 1,100,000        
Credit risk percentage 1.00%        
Variable interest rate, basis points spread over variable reference rate (as a percent)   15.50%      
Debt Instrument, Variable Interest Rate, Type [Extensible Enumeration]   us-gaap:SecuredOvernightFinancingRateSofrMember us-gaap:SecuredOvernightFinancingRateSofrMember    
Effective interest rate (as a percent)   20.00%      
Credit linked notes, net of debt discount | Restricted Cash          
Borrowings          
Debt instrument, collateral amount   $ 33,500      
Credit linked notes, net of debt discount | Short term Treasury Securities          
Borrowings          
Debt instrument, collateral amount   59,500      
Subordinated Debt          
Borrowings          
Amount outstanding   $ 71,800 $ 64,922    
Debt Instrument, Variable Interest Rate, Type [Extensible Enumeration]   us-gaap:SecuredOvernightFinancingRateSofrMember us-gaap:SecuredOvernightFinancingRateSofrMember    
Subordinated Debt | Customer          
Borrowings          
Amount outstanding   $ 41,800 $ 39,000    
Maximum investment by counterparty in Company's subordinated debt     60,000    
Variable interest rate, basis points spread over variable reference rate (as a percent)   3.00%      
Additional interest as a percentage of earnings   50.00%      
Agreement renewal term   2 years      
Notice period of Non-renewal   180 days      
FHLB Advances          
Borrowings          
Amount outstanding   $ 4,172,030 771,392    
Outstanding balance   4,200,000 771,400    
Mortgage loans pledged as collateral   4,200,000 3,400,000    
Available for sale securities and securities purchased under agreements to resell pledged as collateral   $ 1,400,000 $ 971,300    
FHLB Advances | Minimum          
Borrowings          
FHLB advances interest rate   2.78% 2.18%    
FHLB Advances | Maximum          
Borrowings          
FHLB advances interest rate   4.48% 5.52%    
Additional Warehousing Financing Agreement, Subordinated Debt          
Borrowings          
Debt Instrument, Variable Interest Rate, Type [Extensible Enumeration]   us-gaap:SecuredOvernightFinancingRateSofrMember us-gaap:SecuredOvernightFinancingRateSofrMember    
Additional Warehousing Financing Agreement, Subordinated Debt | Customer          
Borrowings          
Amount outstanding   $ 30,000 $ 25,900    
Maximum investment by counterparty in Company's subordinated debt         $ 30,000
Variable interest rate, basis points spread over variable reference rate (as a percent)   3.00%      
Additional interest as a percentage of earnings   50.00%      
Agreement renewal term   2 years      
Notice period of Non-renewal   180 days      
Other Borrowings          
Borrowings          
Amount outstanding   $ 7,934 $ 7,900    
Fixed rate (as a percent)   1.00%      
v3.25.0.1
Borrowings - Maturities of Borrowings (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Thousands
Dec. 31, 2024
Dec. 31, 2023
Maturities of borrowings    
Due within one year $ 4,215,759  
Due in one year to two years 77,739  
Due in two years to three years 62  
Due in three years to four years 84,417  
Due in four years to five years 211  
Thereafter 7,934  
Total borrowings 4,386,122 $ 964,127
Federal Reserve discount window borrowings    
Borrowings    
Excess borrowing capacity 4,300,000  
Maturities of borrowings    
Due within one year 50,000  
Total borrowings 50,000  
Subordinated debt    
Maturities of borrowings    
Due in one year to two years 71,800  
Total borrowings 71,800 64,922
FHLB Advances    
Maturities of borrowings    
Due within one year 4,165,759  
Due in one year to two years 5,939  
Due in two years to three years 62  
Due in three years to four years 59  
Due in four years to five years 211  
Total borrowings 4,172,030 771,392
Credit Linked Notes    
Maturities of borrowings    
Due in three years to four years 84,358  
Total borrowings 84,358  
Other Borrowings    
Maturities of borrowings    
Thereafter 7,934  
Total borrowings $ 7,934 $ 7,900
v3.25.0.1
Derivative Financial Instruments (Details)
1 Months Ended 12 Months Ended
Mar. 31, 2024
USD ($)
Dec. 31, 2024
USD ($)
Dec. 31, 2023
USD ($)
Dec. 31, 2022
USD ($)
Derivative Financial Instruments        
Number of warehouse loan customers   2    
Derivative assets, fair value   $ 52,278,000    
Derivative Asset, Statement of Financial Position [Extensible Enumeration]   Other Assets and Receivables    
Derivative liabilities, fair value   $ 177,000    
Derivative Liability, Statement of Financial Position [Extensible Enumeration]   Other Liabilities    
Changes in the fair value of the derivative financial instruments on the condensed consolidated statements of income        
Pledged in collateral   $ 263,000,000 $ 0  
Derivative gain (loss) included in gain on sale of loans:        
Changes in the fair value of the derivative financial instruments on the condensed consolidated statements of income        
Net swap gains (losses)   $ 2,338,000 $ (89,000) $ 5,191,000
Derivative, Gain (Loss), Statement of Income or Comprehensive Income [Extensible Enumeration]   Gain (Loss) on Sales of Loans, Net Gain (Loss) on Sales of Loans, Net Gain (Loss) on Sales of Loans, Net
Derivative gain (loss) included in other income:        
Changes in the fair value of the derivative financial instruments on the condensed consolidated statements of income        
Net swap gains (losses)   $ 15,368,000 $ 12,204,000
Derivative, Gain (Loss), Statement of Income or Comprehensive Income [Extensible Enumeration]   Noninterest Income, Other Noninterest Income, Other Noninterest Income, Other
Derivative Financial Instruments, Assets [Member]        
Derivative Financial Instruments        
Derivative assets, fair value     $ 35,207,000  
Derivative liabilities | Derivative Financial Instruments, Assets [Member]        
Derivative Financial Instruments        
Derivative liabilities, fair value     395,000  
Interest rate lock commitments        
Derivative Financial Instruments        
Notional amount   $ 24,609,000 16,526,000  
Derivative assets, fair value   30,000    
Derivative liabilities, fair value   176,000    
Changes in the fair value of the derivative financial instruments on the condensed consolidated statements of income        
Net swap gains (losses)   $ (282,000) $ 130,000 $ (218,000)
Derivative, Gain (Loss), Statement of Income or Comprehensive Income [Extensible Enumeration]   Gain (Loss) on Sales of Loans, Net Gain (Loss) on Sales of Loans, Net Gain (Loss) on Sales of Loans, Net
Interest rate lock commitments | Derivative Financial Instruments, Assets [Member]        
Derivative Financial Instruments        
Derivative assets, fair value     $ 140,000  
Interest rate lock commitments | Derivative liabilities        
Derivative Financial Instruments        
Derivative liabilities, fair value     4,000  
Forward contracts        
Derivative Financial Instruments        
Notional amount   $ 33,000,000 25,500,000  
Derivative assets, fair value   229,000    
Derivative liabilities, fair value   1,000    
Changes in the fair value of the derivative financial instruments on the condensed consolidated statements of income        
Net swap gains (losses)   338,000 201,000 $ 5,277,000
Forward contracts | Derivative Financial Instruments, Assets [Member]        
Derivative Financial Instruments        
Derivative assets, fair value     4,000  
Forward contracts | Derivative liabilities        
Derivative Financial Instruments        
Derivative liabilities, fair value     391,000  
Interest rate swaps        
Derivative Financial Instruments        
Notional amount   49,891,000 57,540,000  
Changes in the fair value of the derivative financial instruments on the condensed consolidated statements of income        
Net swap gains (losses)   $ 2,282,000 $ (420,000) $ 132,000
Derivative, Gain (Loss), Statement of Income or Comprehensive Income [Extensible Enumeration]   Gain (Loss) on Sales of Loans, Net Gain (Loss) on Sales of Loans, Net Gain (Loss) on Sales of Loans, Net
Interest rate swaps | Derivative Financial Instruments, Assets [Member]        
Derivative Financial Instruments        
Derivative assets, fair value   $ 4,199,000 $ 2,610,000  
Interest rate swaps, caps and floors (back-to-back)        
Derivative Financial Instruments        
Notional amount   724,224,000 607,169,000  
Changes in the fair value of the derivative financial instruments on the condensed consolidated statements of income        
Gross swap gains   12,117,000 9,385,000 $ 1,910,000
Gross swap losses   (12,117,000) (9,385,000) (1,910,000)
Interest rate swaps, caps and floors (back-to-back) | Derivative Financial Instruments, Assets [Member]        
Derivative Financial Instruments        
Derivative assets, fair value   309,000 12,426,000  
Derivative liabilities, fair value   309,000 12,426,000  
Put options        
Derivative Financial Instruments        
Notional amount   680,354,000 748,374,000  
Changes in the fair value of the derivative financial instruments on the condensed consolidated statements of income        
Net swap gains (losses)   $ 17,901,000 $ 5,629,000
Derivative, Gain (Loss), Statement of Income or Comprehensive Income [Extensible Enumeration]   Noninterest Income, Other Noninterest Income, Other Noninterest Income, Other
Put options | Derivative Financial Instruments, Assets [Member]        
Derivative Financial Instruments        
Derivative assets, fair value   $ 43,777,000 $ 25,877,000  
Interest rate floors        
Derivative Financial Instruments        
Notional amount   1,228,274,000 748,374,000  
Changes in the fair value of the derivative financial instruments on the condensed consolidated statements of income        
Net swap gains (losses)   $ (2,533,000) $ 6,575,000
Derivative, Gain (Loss), Statement of Income or Comprehensive Income [Extensible Enumeration]   Noninterest Income, Other Noninterest Income, Other Noninterest Income, Other
Interest rate floors | Derivative Financial Instruments, Assets [Member]        
Derivative Financial Instruments        
Derivative assets, fair value   $ 4,043,000 $ 6,576,000  
Credit derivatives        
Derivative Financial Instruments        
Notional amount   58,526,000    
Credit Default Swap        
Derivative Financial Instruments        
Aggregate collateral obligation $ 67,300,000      
Changes in the fair value of the derivative financial instruments on the condensed consolidated statements of income        
Net swap gains (losses)   $ 0    
v3.25.0.1
Disclosures About Fair Value of Assets and Liabilities - Assets and Liabilities Measured at Fair Value on Recurring Basis (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Thousands
Dec. 31, 2024
Dec. 31, 2023
Dec. 31, 2022
Dec. 31, 2021
Disclosures about Fair Value of Assets and Liabilities        
Mortgage loans in process of securitization $ 428,206 $ 110,599    
Securities available for sale 980,050 1,113,687    
Loans held for sale 78,170 86,663    
Servicing rights 189,935 158,457 $ 146,248 $ 110,348
Derivative assets 52,278      
Derivative liabilities 177      
Interest rate lock commitments        
Disclosures about Fair Value of Assets and Liabilities        
Derivative assets 30      
Derivative liabilities 176      
Forward contracts        
Disclosures about Fair Value of Assets and Liabilities        
Derivative assets 229      
Derivative liabilities 1      
Recurring        
Disclosures about Fair Value of Assets and Liabilities        
Mortgage loans in process of securitization 428,206 110,599    
Loans held for sale 78,170 86,663    
Servicing rights 189,935 158,457    
Recurring | Interest rate lock commitments        
Disclosures about Fair Value of Assets and Liabilities        
Derivative assets 30 140    
Derivative liabilities 176 4    
Recurring | Forward contracts        
Disclosures about Fair Value of Assets and Liabilities        
Derivative assets 229 4    
Derivative liabilities 1 391    
Recurring | Interest rate swaps        
Disclosures about Fair Value of Assets and Liabilities        
Derivative assets 4,199 2,610    
Recurring | Interest rate swaps, caps and floors (back-to-back)        
Disclosures about Fair Value of Assets and Liabilities        
Derivative assets 309 12,426    
Derivative liabilities 309 12,426    
Recurring | Put options        
Disclosures about Fair Value of Assets and Liabilities        
Derivative assets 43,777 25,877    
Recurring | Interest rate floors        
Disclosures about Fair Value of Assets and Liabilities        
Derivative assets 4,043 6,576    
Level 2 | Recurring        
Disclosures about Fair Value of Assets and Liabilities        
Mortgage loans in process of securitization 428,206 110,599    
Loans held for sale 78,170 86,663    
Level 2 | Recurring | Forward contracts        
Disclosures about Fair Value of Assets and Liabilities        
Derivative assets 229 4    
Derivative liabilities 1 391    
Level 2 | Recurring | Interest rate swaps        
Disclosures about Fair Value of Assets and Liabilities        
Derivative assets 4,199 2,610    
Level 2 | Recurring | Interest rate swaps, caps and floors (back-to-back)        
Disclosures about Fair Value of Assets and Liabilities        
Derivative assets 309 12,426    
Derivative liabilities 309 12,426    
Level 2 | Recurring | Put options        
Disclosures about Fair Value of Assets and Liabilities        
Derivative assets 12,481 7,223    
Level 3 | Interest rate lock commitments        
Disclosures about Fair Value of Assets and Liabilities        
Derivative assets 30 140    
Derivative liabilities 176 4    
Level 3 | Recurring        
Disclosures about Fair Value of Assets and Liabilities        
Servicing rights 189,935 158,457    
Level 3 | Recurring | Interest rate lock commitments        
Disclosures about Fair Value of Assets and Liabilities        
Derivative assets 30 140    
Derivative liabilities 176 4    
Level 3 | Recurring | Put options        
Disclosures about Fair Value of Assets and Liabilities        
Derivative assets 31,296 18,654    
Level 3 | Recurring | Interest rate floors        
Disclosures about Fair Value of Assets and Liabilities        
Derivative assets 4,043 6,576    
Treasury notes        
Disclosures about Fair Value of Assets and Liabilities        
Securities available for sale 90,006 128,968    
Treasury notes | Recurring        
Disclosures about Fair Value of Assets and Liabilities        
Securities available for sale 90,006 128,968    
Treasury notes | Level 1 | Recurring        
Disclosures about Fair Value of Assets and Liabilities        
Securities available for sale 90,006 128,968    
Federal agencies        
Disclosures about Fair Value of Assets and Liabilities        
Securities available for sale 252,936 247,755    
Federal agencies | Recurring        
Disclosures about Fair Value of Assets and Liabilities        
Securities available for sale 252,936 247,755    
Federal agencies | Level 2 | Recurring        
Disclosures about Fair Value of Assets and Liabilities        
Securities available for sale 252,936 247,755    
Mortgage-backed - Agency | Recurring        
Disclosures about Fair Value of Assets and Liabilities        
Securities available for sale 1,162 14,467    
Mortgage-backed - Agency | Level 2 | Recurring        
Disclosures about Fair Value of Assets and Liabilities        
Securities available for sale 1,162 14,467    
Mortgage-backed - Government Agency ("Agency")        
Disclosures about Fair Value of Assets and Liabilities        
Securities available for sale 1,162 14,467    
Mortgage-backed - Non-Agency residential        
Disclosures about Fair Value of Assets and Liabilities        
Securities available for sale 430,779 485,500    
Mortgage-backed - Non-Agency residential | Recurring        
Disclosures about Fair Value of Assets and Liabilities        
Securities available for sale 430,779 485,500    
Mortgage-backed - Non-Agency residential | Level 2 | Recurring        
Disclosures about Fair Value of Assets and Liabilities        
Securities available for sale 430,779      
Mortgage-backed - Non-Agency residential | Level 3 | Recurring        
Disclosures about Fair Value of Assets and Liabilities        
Securities available for sale   485,500    
Mortgage-backed - Agency - fair value option        
Disclosures about Fair Value of Assets and Liabilities        
Securities available for sale 205,167 236,997    
Mortgage-backed - Agency - fair value option | Recurring        
Disclosures about Fair Value of Assets and Liabilities        
Securities available for sale 205,167 236,997    
Mortgage-backed - Agency - fair value option | Level 2 | Recurring        
Disclosures about Fair Value of Assets and Liabilities        
Securities available for sale $ 205,167 $ 236,997    
v3.25.0.1
Disclosures About Fair Value of Assets and Liabilities - Reconciliation of Unobservable Inputs (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Thousands
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2024
Dec. 31, 2023
Dec. 31, 2022
Derivative liabilities | Interest rate lock commitments      
Reconciliation of significant unobservable inputs, liabilities:      
Balance, beginning of period $ 4 $ 23 $ 41
Gains/(losses) recognized $ (172) $ 19 $ 18
Fair Value, Liability, Recurring Basis, Unobservable Input Reconciliation, Gain (Loss), Statement of Income or Comprehensive Income [Extensible Enumeration] Noninterest Expense, Noninterest Income Noninterest Expense, Noninterest Income Noninterest Expense, Noninterest Income
Balance, end of period $ 176 $ 4 $ 23
Available for sale securities      
Reconciliation of significant unobservable inputs, assets:      
Balance, beginning of period 485,500    
Additions      
Purchases   483,906  
Subtractions      
Purchased securities   483,906  
Paydowns (42,079)    
Transfers out of Level 3 (430,779)    
Changes in fair value (12,642) 1,594  
Balance, end of period   485,500  
Derivative assets | Interest rate lock commitments      
Reconciliation of significant unobservable inputs, assets:      
Balance, beginning of period 140 28 264
Subtractions      
Gains/(losses) recognized $ (110) $ 112 $ (236)
Fair Value, Asset, Recurring Basis, Unobservable Input Reconciliation, Gain (Loss), Statement of Income or Comprehensive Income [Extensible Enumeration] Noninterest Expense, Noninterest Income Noninterest Expense, Noninterest Income Noninterest Expense, Noninterest Income
Balance, end of period $ 30 $ 140 $ 28
Derivative assets | Put options      
Reconciliation of significant unobservable inputs, assets:      
Balance, beginning of period 18,654    
Additions      
Purchases   20,248  
Subtractions      
Purchased securities   20,248  
Changes in fair value - assets $ 12,642 $ (1,594)  
Fair Value, Net Derivative Asset (Liability), Recurring Basis, Still Held, Unrealized Gain (Loss), Statement of Income or Comprehensive Income [Extensible Enumeration] Noninterest Expense, Noninterest Income Noninterest Expense, Noninterest Income Noninterest Expense, Noninterest Income
Balance, end of period $ 31,296 $ 18,654  
Derivative assets | Interest rate floors      
Reconciliation of significant unobservable inputs, assets:      
Balance, beginning of period 6,576    
Additions      
Purchases   6,576  
Subtractions      
Purchased securities   $ 6,576  
Changes in fair value - assets $ (2,533)    
Fair Value, Net Derivative Asset (Liability), Recurring Basis, Still Held, Unrealized Gain (Loss), Statement of Income or Comprehensive Income [Extensible Enumeration] Noninterest Expense, Noninterest Income Noninterest Expense, Noninterest Income Noninterest Expense, Noninterest Income
Balance, end of period $ 4,043 $ 6,576  
Servicing rights      
Reconciliation of significant unobservable inputs, assets:      
Balance, beginning of period 158,457 146,248 $ 110,348
Additions      
Purchased servicing   513  
Originated servicing 18,670 14,755 27,124
Subtractions      
Paydowns (9,901) (7,621) (10,985)
Changes in fair value - assets 22,709 4,562 19,761
Balance, end of period $ 189,935 $ 158,457 $ 146,248
v3.25.0.1
Disclosures About Fair Value of Assets and Liabilities - Assets and Liabilities Measured at Fair Value on Nonrecurring Basis (Details) - Nonrecurring - USD ($)
$ in Thousands
Dec. 31, 2024
Dec. 31, 2023
Disclosures about Fair Value of Assets and Liabilities    
Collateral-dependent loans $ 59,915 $ 47,026
Other real estate owned 7,313  
Level 3    
Disclosures about Fair Value of Assets and Liabilities    
Collateral-dependent loans 59,915 $ 47,026
Other real estate owned $ 7,313  
v3.25.0.1
Disclosures About Fair Value of Assets and Liabilities - Quantitative Information about Unobservable Inputs (Details)
Dec. 31, 2024
USD ($)
Dec. 31, 2023
USD ($)
Dec. 31, 2022
USD ($)
Dec. 31, 2021
USD ($)
Quantitative information about unobservable inputs        
Servicing rights $ 189,935,000 $ 158,457,000 $ 146,248,000 $ 110,348,000
Derivative assets 52,278,000      
Derivative liabilities 177,000      
Interest rate lock commitments        
Quantitative information about unobservable inputs        
Derivative assets 30,000      
Derivative liabilities $ 176,000      
Level 3        
Quantitative information about unobservable inputs        
Other real estate owned 7,313,000      
Level 3 | Measurement Input, Discount Rate        
Quantitative information about unobservable inputs        
Other real estate owned 0      
Level 3 | Measurement Input, Discount Rate | Weighted Average        
Quantitative information about unobservable inputs        
Other real estate owned 0      
Level 3 | Servicing rights | SBA | Measurement Input, Discount Rate        
Quantitative information about unobservable inputs        
Servicing asset, measurement input 0.16 0.16    
Level 3 | Servicing rights | SBA | Measurement Input, Discount Rate | Weighted Average        
Quantitative information about unobservable inputs        
Servicing asset, measurement input 0.16 0.16    
Level 3 | Servicing rights | SBA | Measurement Input, Constant Prepayment Rate | Minimum        
Quantitative information about unobservable inputs        
Servicing asset, measurement input 0.04 0.03    
Level 3 | Servicing rights | SBA | Measurement Input, Constant Prepayment Rate | Maximum        
Quantitative information about unobservable inputs        
Servicing asset, measurement input 0.24 0.14    
Level 3 | Servicing rights | SBA | Measurement Input, Constant Prepayment Rate | Weighted Average        
Quantitative information about unobservable inputs        
Servicing asset, measurement input 0.14 0.09    
Level 3 | Servicing rights | Loans funded through PPP, CARES Act        
Quantitative information about unobservable inputs        
Servicing rights $ 4,259,000 $ 5,280,000    
Level 3 | Servicing rights | Single family        
Quantitative information about unobservable inputs        
Servicing rights $ 34,986,000 $ 30,959,000    
Level 3 | Servicing rights | Single family | Measurement Input, Discount Rate | Minimum        
Quantitative information about unobservable inputs        
Servicing asset, measurement input 0.10 0.10    
Level 3 | Servicing rights | Single family | Measurement Input, Discount Rate | Maximum        
Quantitative information about unobservable inputs        
Servicing asset, measurement input 0.11 0.11    
Level 3 | Servicing rights | Single family | Measurement Input, Discount Rate | Weighted Average        
Quantitative information about unobservable inputs        
Servicing asset, measurement input 0.10 0.10    
Level 3 | Servicing rights | Single family | Measurement Input, Constant Prepayment Rate | Minimum        
Quantitative information about unobservable inputs        
Servicing asset, measurement input 0.06 0.06    
Level 3 | Servicing rights | Single family | Measurement Input, Constant Prepayment Rate | Maximum        
Quantitative information about unobservable inputs        
Servicing asset, measurement input 0.14 0.16    
Level 3 | Servicing rights | Single family | Measurement Input, Constant Prepayment Rate | Weighted Average        
Quantitative information about unobservable inputs        
Servicing asset, measurement input 0.07 0.07    
Level 3 | Servicing rights | Multi-family        
Quantitative information about unobservable inputs        
Servicing rights $ 146,483,000 $ 122,218,000    
Level 3 | Servicing rights | Multi-family | Measurement Input, Discount Rate | Minimum        
Quantitative information about unobservable inputs        
Servicing asset, measurement input 0.08 0.08    
Level 3 | Servicing rights | Multi-family | Measurement Input, Discount Rate | Maximum        
Quantitative information about unobservable inputs        
Servicing asset, measurement input 0.15 0.13    
Level 3 | Servicing rights | Multi-family | Measurement Input, Discount Rate | Weighted Average        
Quantitative information about unobservable inputs        
Servicing asset, measurement input 0.09 0.09    
Level 3 | Servicing rights | Multi-family | Measurement Input, Constant Prepayment Rate | Minimum        
Quantitative information about unobservable inputs        
Servicing asset, measurement input 0 0    
Level 3 | Servicing rights | Multi-family | Measurement Input, Constant Prepayment Rate | Maximum        
Quantitative information about unobservable inputs        
Servicing asset, measurement input 1 0.50    
Level 3 | Servicing rights | Multi-family | Measurement Input, Constant Prepayment Rate | Weighted Average        
Quantitative information about unobservable inputs        
Servicing asset, measurement input 0.07 0.07    
Level 3 | Servicing rights | Multi-family | Earnings rate on escrows        
Quantitative information about unobservable inputs        
Servicing asset, measurement input 0.03 0.04    
Level 3 | Servicing rights | Multi-family | Earnings rate on escrows | Weighted Average        
Quantitative information about unobservable inputs        
Servicing asset, measurement input 0.03 0.04    
Level 3 | Servicing rights | Healthcare financing        
Quantitative information about unobservable inputs        
Servicing rights $ 4,207,000      
Level 3 | Servicing rights | Healthcare financing | Measurement Input, Discount Rate        
Quantitative information about unobservable inputs        
Servicing asset, measurement input 0.13      
Level 3 | Servicing rights | Healthcare financing | Measurement Input, Discount Rate | Weighted Average        
Quantitative information about unobservable inputs        
Servicing asset, measurement input 0.13      
Level 3 | Servicing rights | Healthcare financing | Measurement Input, Constant Prepayment Rate | Minimum        
Quantitative information about unobservable inputs        
Servicing asset, measurement input 0.01      
Level 3 | Servicing rights | Healthcare financing | Measurement Input, Constant Prepayment Rate | Maximum        
Quantitative information about unobservable inputs        
Servicing asset, measurement input 0.02      
Level 3 | Servicing rights | Healthcare financing | Measurement Input, Constant Prepayment Rate | Weighted Average        
Quantitative information about unobservable inputs        
Servicing asset, measurement input 0.01      
Level 3 | Servicing rights | Healthcare financing | Earnings rate on escrows        
Quantitative information about unobservable inputs        
Servicing asset, measurement input 0.03      
Level 3 | Servicing rights | Healthcare financing | Earnings rate on escrows | Weighted Average        
Quantitative information about unobservable inputs        
Servicing asset, measurement input 0.03      
Level 3 | Collateral-dependent impaired loans        
Quantitative information about unobservable inputs        
Collateral-dependent loans $ 59,915,000 $ 47,026,000    
Level 3 | Collateral-dependent impaired loans | Minimum        
Quantitative information about unobservable inputs        
Marketability discount (as a percent) 0 0    
Level 3 | Collateral-dependent impaired loans | Maximum        
Quantitative information about unobservable inputs        
Marketability discount (as a percent) 0.90 1    
Level 3 | Collateral-dependent impaired loans | Weighted Average        
Quantitative information about unobservable inputs        
Marketability discount (as a percent) 0.24 0.02    
Level 3 | Available for sale securities | Measurement Input, Credit Spread        
Quantitative information about unobservable inputs        
Mortgage-backed - Non-agency residential- fair value option   $ 485,500,000    
Mortgage-backed - Non-agency residential- fair value option (as a percent)   0.02    
Level 3 | Available for sale securities | Measurement Input, Credit Spread | Weighted Average        
Quantitative information about unobservable inputs        
Mortgage-backed - Non-agency residential- fair value option (as a percent)   0.02    
Level 3 | Interest rate lock commitments        
Quantitative information about unobservable inputs        
Derivative assets $ 30,000 $ 140,000    
Derivative liabilities $ 176,000 $ 4,000    
Level 3 | Interest rate lock commitments | Measurement Input, Maturity | Minimum        
Quantitative information about unobservable inputs        
Derivative assets, (as a percent) 0.71 0.45    
Derivative liabilities (as a percent) 0.71 0.45    
Level 3 | Interest rate lock commitments | Measurement Input, Maturity | Maximum        
Quantitative information about unobservable inputs        
Derivative assets, (as a percent) 0.99 0.99    
Derivative liabilities (as a percent) 0.99 0.99    
Level 3 | Interest rate lock commitments | Measurement Input, Maturity | Weighted Average        
Quantitative information about unobservable inputs        
Derivative assets, (as a percent) 0.87 0.78    
Derivative liabilities (as a percent) 0.87 0.78    
Level 3 | Put options | Measurement Input, Credit Spread        
Quantitative information about unobservable inputs        
Derivative assets $ 31,296,000 $ 18,654,000    
Derivative assets, (as a percent) 0.04 0.02    
Level 3 | Put options | Measurement Input, Credit Spread | Weighted Average        
Quantitative information about unobservable inputs        
Derivative assets, (as a percent) 0.04 0.02    
Level 3 | Interest rate floors | Measurement Input, Discount Rate        
Quantitative information about unobservable inputs        
Derivative assets $ 4,043,000 $ 6,576,000    
Level 3 | Interest rate floors | Measurement Input, Discount Rate | Minimum        
Quantitative information about unobservable inputs        
Derivative assets, (as a percent) 0.06 0.06    
Level 3 | Interest rate floors | Measurement Input, Discount Rate | Maximum        
Quantitative information about unobservable inputs        
Derivative assets, (as a percent) 0.08 0.07    
Level 3 | Interest rate floors | Measurement Input, Discount Rate | Weighted Average        
Quantitative information about unobservable inputs        
Derivative assets, (as a percent) 0.07 0.07    
v3.25.0.1
Disclosures About Fair Value of Assets and Liabilities - Carrying Value and Estimated Fair Value (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Thousands
Dec. 31, 2024
Dec. 31, 2023
Financial assets:    
Securities held to maturity $ 1,664,674 $ 1,203,535
Loans held for sale 78,170 86,663
Carrying value per balance sheet    
Financial assets:    
Cash and cash equivalents 476,610 584,422
Securities purchased under agreements to resell 1,559 3,349
Securities held to maturity 1,664,686 1,204,217
FHLB stock and other equity securities 217,804 48,578
Loans held for sale 3,693,340 3,058,093
Loans receivable, net 10,354,002 10,127,801
Interest receivable 83,409 91,346
Financial liabilities:    
Deposits 11,919,976 14,061,460
Short-term subordinated debt 71,800 64,922
FHLB advances 4,172,030 771,392
Other borrowing 57,934 7,934
Credit linked notes 84,358 119,879
Interest payable 34,475 43,423
Estimated fair value    
Financial assets:    
Cash and cash equivalents 476,610 584,422
Securities purchased under agreements to resell 1,559 3,349
Securities held to maturity 1,664,674 1,203,535
FHLB stock and other equity securities 217,804 48,578
Loans held for sale 3,693,340 3,058,093
Loans receivable, net 10,297,439 10,088,468
Interest receivable 83,409 91,346
Financial liabilities:    
Deposits 11,923,961 14,062,457
Short-term subordinated debt 71,800 64,922
FHLB advances 4,171,843 771,029
Other borrowing 57,934 7,934
Credit linked notes 84,357 119,878
Interest payable 34,475 43,423
Level 1 | Estimated fair value    
Financial assets:    
Cash and cash equivalents 476,610 584,422
Financial liabilities:    
Deposits 8,001,487 8,894,058
Level 2 | Estimated fair value    
Financial assets:    
Securities purchased under agreements to resell 1,559 3,349
Securities held to maturity 538,871 484,288
FHLB stock and other equity securities 187,804 48,578
Loans held for sale 3,693,340 3,058,093
Interest receivable 83,409 91,346
Financial liabilities:    
Deposits 3,922,474 5,168,399
Short-term subordinated debt 71,800 64,922
FHLB advances 4,171,843 771,029
Other borrowing 57,934 7,934
Credit linked notes 84,357 119,878
Interest payable 34,475 43,423
Level 3 | Estimated fair value    
Financial assets:    
Securities held to maturity 1,125,803 719,247
FHLB stock and other equity securities 30,000  
Loans receivable, net $ 10,297,439 $ 10,088,468
v3.25.0.1
Common Stock (Details) - USD ($)
$ / shares in Units, $ in Thousands
12 Months Ended
May 13, 2024
Dec. 31, 2024
Public Offerings of Common Stock    
Proceeds from issuance of common stock, net   $ 97,655
Common stock    
Public Offerings of Common Stock    
Issuance of stock (in shares)   2,400,000
Public offering | Common stock    
Public Offerings of Common Stock    
Issuance of stock (in shares) 2,400,000  
Public offering price (in dollars per share) $ 43  
Gross proceeds from issuance of common stock $ 103,200  
Offering expenses on issuance of stock 5,500  
Proceeds from issuance of common stock, net $ 97,700  
v3.25.0.1
Preferred Stock (Details)
3 Months Ended 12 Months Ended
Jan. 02, 2025
USD ($)
$ / shares
Nov. 25, 2024
USD ($)
$ / shares
shares
Oct. 01, 2024
Apr. 01, 2024
USD ($)
$ / shares
Sep. 30, 2022
USD ($)
shares
Sep. 27, 2022
USD ($)
$ / shares
shares
May 06, 2021
USD ($)
$ / shares
shares
Mar. 23, 2021
USD ($)
$ / shares
shares
Aug. 19, 2019
USD ($)
$ / shares
shares
Apr. 12, 2019
USD ($)
shares
Mar. 28, 2019
USD ($)
$ / shares
shares
Dec. 31, 2024
$ / shares
Dec. 31, 2024
USD ($)
$ / shares
Dec. 31, 2023
$ / shares
Dec. 31, 2022
USD ($)
Public Offering of Preferred Stock                              
Net proceeds                         $ 222,748,000   $ 137,459,000
Redemption of preferred stock                         $ 52,044,000    
7% Series A Preferred Stock                              
Public Offering of Preferred Stock                              
Preferred stock, dividend rate (as a percent)                           7.00%  
Preferred stock liquidation preference (in dollars per share) | $ / shares                           $ 25  
Preferred stock, redemption price (in dollars per share) | $ / shares       $ 25                      
Redemption of preferred stock       $ 52,000,000                      
7% Series A Preferred Stock | Public offering                              
Public Offering of Preferred Stock                              
Issuance of stock (in shares) | shares                   81,800 2,000,000        
Preferred stock, dividend rate (as a percent)                     7.00%        
Preferred stock liquidation preference (in dollars per share) | $ / shares                     $ 25        
Aggregate gross offering proceeds for the shares issued                     $ 50,000,000        
Offering costs                     1,700,000        
Net proceeds                   $ 2,000,000 $ 48,300,000        
Underwriting discounts                   $ 41,000          
6% Series B Preferred Stock                              
Public Offering of Preferred Stock                              
Preferred stock, dividend rate (as a percent)                       9.42% 6.00% 6.00%  
Preferred stock liquidation preference (in dollars per share) | $ / shares                       $ 1,000 $ 1,000 $ 1,000  
Preferred Stock, variable interest rate     4.831                        
Investment, Variable Interest Rate, Type [Extensible Enumeration]     us-gaap:SecuredOvernightFinancingRateSofrMember                        
6% Series B Preferred Stock | Subsequent Events                              
Public Offering of Preferred Stock                              
Depositary share, preferred stock liquidation preference (in dollars per share) | $ / shares $ 25                            
Preferred stock, redemption price (in dollars per share) | $ / shares $ 1,000                            
Redemption of preferred stock $ 125,000,000                            
6% Series B Preferred Stock | Public offering                              
Public Offering of Preferred Stock                              
Preferred stock, dividend rate (as a percent)                 6.00%            
Preferred stock liquidation preference (in dollars per share) | $ / shares                 $ 1,000            
Aggregate gross offering proceeds for the shares issued                 $ 125,000,000            
Net proceeds                 120,800,000            
Underwriting discounts                 $ 4,200,000            
Depositary shares issued (in shares) | shares                 5,000,000            
Depositary shares equivalent preferred stock interest per share                 0.025            
Depositary share, preferred stock liquidation preference (in dollars per share) | $ / shares                 $ 25            
6% Series C Preferred Stock                              
Public Offering of Preferred Stock                              
Issuance of stock (in shares) | shares             46,181                
Preferred stock, dividend rate (as a percent)                         6.00% 6.00%  
Preferred stock liquidation preference (in dollars per share) | $ / shares                       1,000 $ 1,000 $ 1,000  
Offering costs             $ 23,000                
Net proceeds             $ 46,200,000                
Depositary shares issued (in shares) | shares             1,847,233                
Depositary share, preferred stock liquidation preference (in dollars per share) | $ / shares             $ 25                
6% Series C Preferred Stock | Public offering                              
Public Offering of Preferred Stock                              
Preferred stock, dividend rate (as a percent)               6.00%              
Preferred stock liquidation preference (in dollars per share) | $ / shares               $ 1,000              
Aggregate gross offering proceeds for the shares issued               $ 150,000,000              
Net proceeds               144,900,000              
Underwriting discounts               $ 5,100,000              
Depositary shares issued (in shares) | shares               6,000,000              
Depositary shares equivalent preferred stock interest per share               0.025              
Depositary share, preferred stock liquidation preference (in dollars per share) | $ / shares               $ 25              
8.25% Series D Preferred Stock                              
Public Offering of Preferred Stock                              
Preferred stock, dividend rate (as a percent)                         8.25% 8.25%  
Preferred stock liquidation preference (in dollars per share) | $ / shares                       $ 1,000 $ 1,000 $ 1,000  
8.25% Series D Preferred Stock | Public offering                              
Public Offering of Preferred Stock                              
Preferred stock, dividend rate (as a percent)           8.25%                  
Preferred stock liquidation preference (in dollars per share) | $ / shares           $ 1,000                  
Aggregate gross offering proceeds for the shares issued           $ 130,000,000                  
Net proceeds           125,400,000                  
Underwriting discounts           $ 4,600,000                  
Depositary shares issued (in shares) | shares           5,200,000                  
Depositary shares equivalent preferred stock interest per share           0.025                  
Depositary share, preferred stock liquidation preference (in dollars per share) | $ / shares           $ 25                  
Series E Preferred Stock | Public offering                              
Public Offering of Preferred Stock                              
Preferred stock, dividend rate (as a percent)   7.625%                          
Preferred stock liquidation preference (in dollars per share) | $ / shares   $ 1,000                          
Aggregate gross offering proceeds for the shares issued   $ 230,000,000                          
Net proceeds   222,700,000                          
Underwriting discounts   $ 7,300,000                          
Depositary shares issued (in shares) | shares   9,200,000                          
Depositary shares equivalent preferred stock interest per share   0.025                          
Depositary share, preferred stock liquidation preference (in dollars per share) | $ / shares   $ 25                          
Series D Preferred Stock | Public offering                              
Public Offering of Preferred Stock                              
Issuance of stock (in shares) | shares         500,000                    
Net proceeds         $ 12,100,000                    
Underwriting discounts         $ 400,000                    
v3.25.0.1
Employee Benefits (Details) - USD ($)
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2024
Dec. 31, 2023
Dec. 31, 2022
Employee benefits      
Matching contribution equals to employees deferrals 100.00%    
Matching contribution as a percentage of employees compensation 3.00%    
Employer contributions to contribution plans $ 2,000,000 $ 1,900,000 $ 1,600,000
Contribution to ESOP $ 1,200,000 $ 1,000,000 $ 860,000
Number of shares contributed to ESOP 23,414 33,293 20,709
Maximum      
Employee benefits      
Matching contribution as a percentage of employees compensation 3.00%    
v3.25.0.1
Share-Based Payment Plans - Incentive Plan (Details) - USD ($)
1 Months Ended 12 Months Ended
Nov. 30, 2023
Dec. 31, 2024
Dec. 31, 2023
Dec. 31, 2022
Executive officers        
Plan disclosures        
Shares issued   88,658 84,335 64,962
Expenses recognized   $ 3,274,000 $ 2,671,000 $ 1,870,000
Unvested shares awarded   253,816 256,192 280,974
Unrecognized compensation costs   $ 7,122,000 $ 6,801,000 $ 5,817,000
Non executive directors        
Plan disclosures        
Value of shares available for issuance for compensation related to annual fees $ 70,000      
Shares issued   12,166 12,173 12,443
Expenses recognized   $ 491,000 $ 351,000 $ 325,000
v3.25.0.1
Income Taxes - Components (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Thousands
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2024
Dec. 31, 2023
Dec. 31, 2022
Current tax payable      
Federal $ 78,386 $ 72,537 $ 51,306
State 19,240 (1,422) 15,384
Deferred tax payable      
Federal 3,666 (503) 4,237
State 964 (1,939) 494
Actual tax expense $ 102,256 $ 68,673 $ 71,421
Effective tax rate 24.20% 19.70% 24.50%
v3.25.0.1
Income Taxes - Reconciliation (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Thousands
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2024
Dec. 31, 2023
Dec. 31, 2022
Income Taxes      
Computed at the statutory rate -21% $ 88,755 $ 73,061 $ 61,140
Increase/(decrease) resulting from      
State income taxes 15,960 (2,655) 12,544
Tax Credits net of related amortization (584) (467) 57
Other (1,875) (1,266) (2,320)
Actual tax expense $ 102,256 $ 68,673 $ 71,421
Statutory tax rate (as a percent) 21.00% 21.00% 21.00%
v3.25.0.1
Income Taxes - Temporary Differences (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Thousands
Dec. 31, 2024
Dec. 31, 2023
Deferred tax assets    
Allowance for credit losses on loans $ 23,880 $ 20,572
Unrealized loss on securities available for sale 42 779
Other 5,532 4,727
Total assets 29,454 26,078
Deferred tax liabilities    
Depreciation (2,532) (2,779)
Intangible assets (391) (385)
Servicing rights (44,854) (37,290)
Limited partnership investments (4,575) (2,018)
State tax receivable (110) (1,711)
Derivative assets (967) (1,573)
Other (1,314) (245)
Total liabilities (54,743) (46,001)
Net deferred tax liability $ (25,289) $ (19,923)
v3.25.0.1
Earnings Per Share (Details) - USD ($)
$ / shares in Units, $ in Thousands
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2024
Dec. 31, 2023
Dec. 31, 2022
Net Income      
Net Income $ 320,386 $ 279,234 $ 219,721
Dividends on preferred stock (34,909) (34,670) (25,983)
Preferred stock redemption (1,823)    
Net Income Allocated to Common Shareholders $ 283,654 $ 244,564 $ 193,738
Weighted-Average Shares      
Weighted average shares - Basic 44,855,100 43,224,042 43,164,477
Effect of dilutive securities-restricted stock awards 149,686 121,757 152,427
Weighted average shares - diluted 45,004,786 43,345,799 43,316,904
Per Share Amount      
Basic earnings per share $ 6.32 $ 5.66 $ 4.49
Diluted earnings per share $ 6.3 $ 5.64 $ 4.47
v3.25.0.1
Segment Information (Details)
$ in Thousands
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2024
USD ($)
segment
Dec. 31, 2023
USD ($)
Dec. 31, 2022
USD ($)
Segment Information      
Number of reportable segments | segment 3    
Interest income $ 1,302,720 $ 1,077,798 $ 480,833
Interest expense 780,100 629,727 162,282
Net Interest Income 522,620 448,071 318,551
Provision for credit losses 24,278 40,231 17,295
Net Interest Income After Provision for Credit Losses 498,342 407,840 301,256
Noninterest income 148,112 114,668 125,936
Noninterest expense 223,812 174,601 136,050
Income Before Income Taxes 422,642 347,907 291,142
Income Tax Benefit 102,256 68,673 71,421
Net Income 320,386 279,234 219,721
Total assets 18,805,732 16,952,516 12,615,227
Included in other noninterest income:      
Servicing rights fair value adjustments 22,709 4,562 19,761
Derivative fair value adjustments (2,533) 6,576  
Other      
Segment Information      
Interest income 14,248 6,315 8,242
Interest expense (3,159) (6,763) (3,081)
Net Interest Income 17,407 13,078 11,323
Net Interest Income After Provision for Credit Losses 17,407 13,078 11,323
Noninterest income (14,409) (11,100) (9,170)
Noninterest expense 41,299 33,925 25,114
Income Before Income Taxes (38,301) (31,947) (22,961)
Income Tax Benefit (9,915) (6,785) (5,215)
Net Income (28,386) (25,162) (17,746)
Total assets 564,807 258,301 156,599
Multi-family Mortgage Banking | Operating Segments      
Segment Information      
Interest income 5,239 5,718 2,239
Interest expense 80 52  
Net Interest Income 5,159 5,666 2,239
Provision for credit losses (1,003)   1,153
Net Interest Income After Provision for Credit Losses 6,162 5,666 1,086
Noninterest income 168,028 123,980 155,883
Noninterest expense 97,913 83,862 82,213
Income Before Income Taxes 76,277 45,784 74,756
Income Tax Benefit 20,380 9,311 20,114
Net Income 55,897 36,473 54,642
Total assets 479,099 411,097 351,274
Included in other noninterest income:      
Servicing rights fair value adjustments 20,487 3,874 13,962
Mortgage Warehousing | Operating Segments      
Segment Information      
Interest income 391,743 276,366 115,870
Interest expense 262,149 184,486 48,079
Net Interest Income 129,594 91,880 67,791
Provision for credit losses 1,466 2,782 37
Net Interest Income After Provision for Credit Losses 128,128 89,098 67,754
Noninterest income 3,016 14,315 5,400
Noninterest expense 21,933 14,003 10,420
Income Before Income Taxes 109,211 89,410 62,734
Income Tax Benefit 26,409 15,885 14,130
Net Income 82,802 73,525 48,604
Total assets 6,000,624 4,522,175 2,519,810
Included in other noninterest income:      
Derivative fair value adjustments (2,533) 6,576  
Banking | Operating Segments      
Segment Information      
Interest income 891,490 789,399 354,482
Interest expense 521,030 451,952 117,284
Net Interest Income 370,460 337,447 237,198
Provision for credit losses 23,815 37,449 16,105
Net Interest Income After Provision for Credit Losses 346,645 299,998 221,093
Noninterest income (8,523) (12,527) (26,177)
Noninterest expense 62,667 42,811 18,303
Income Before Income Taxes 275,455 244,660 176,613
Income Tax Benefit 65,382 50,262 42,392
Net Income 210,073 194,398 134,221
Total assets 11,761,202 11,760,943 9,587,544
Included in other noninterest income:      
Servicing rights fair value adjustments $ 2,222 $ 688 $ 5,799
v3.25.0.1
Condensed Financial Information (Parent Company Only) - Condensed Balance Sheets (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Thousands
Dec. 31, 2024
Dec. 31, 2023
Dec. 31, 2022
Assets      
Cash and cash equivalents $ 10,989 $ 15,592  
Total assets 18,805,732 16,952,516 $ 12,615,227
Liabilities      
Other liabilities 231,035 205,922  
Total liabilities 16,562,422 15,251,432  
Shareholders' Equity 2,243,310 1,701,084 $ 1,459,739
Total liabilities and shareholders' equity 18,805,732 16,952,516  
Reportable Legal Entities | Parent Company      
Assets      
Cash and cash equivalents 55,829 42,810  
Other equity securities 30,000    
Investment in joint ventures 27,638 30,225  
Investment in subsidiaries 2,077,085 1,696,000  
Other assets 128,591 197  
Total assets 2,319,143 1,769,232  
Liabilities      
Subordinated debt 71,800 64,922  
Unfunded commitments to joint ventures 2,752 2,752  
Other liabilities 1,281 474  
Total liabilities 75,833 68,148  
Shareholders' Equity 2,243,310 1,701,084  
Total liabilities and shareholders' equity $ 2,319,143 $ 1,769,232  
v3.25.0.1
Condensed Financial Information (Parent Company Only) - Condensed Statements of Income and Comprehensive Income (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Thousands
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2024
Dec. 31, 2023
Dec. 31, 2022
Expenses      
Interest expense $ 780,100 $ 629,727 $ 162,282
Salaries and employee benefits 130,723 108,181 89,085
Professional fees 16,229 12,704 9,065
Income Tax Benefit 102,256 68,673 71,421
Net Income 320,386 279,234 219,721
Comprehensive Income 322,741 287,267 210,654
Reportable Legal Entities | Parent Company      
Income      
Dividends and return of capital from subsidiaries 124,864 53,006 39,775
Other Income 3,956 3,488 2,523
Total income 128,820 56,494 42,298
Expenses      
Interest expense 10,849 4,323 4,333
Salaries and employee benefits 410 1,012 690
Professional fees 681 481 423
Other 1,223 898 829
Total expense 13,163 6,714 6,275
Income Before Income Tax and Equity in Undistributed Income of Subsidiaries 115,657 49,780 36,023
Income Tax Benefit (2,277) (582) (698)
Income Before Equity in Undistributed Income of Subsidiaries 117,934 50,362 36,721
Equity in Undistributed Income of Subsidiaries 202,452 228,872 183,000
Net Income 320,386 279,234 219,721
Comprehensive Income $ 322,741 $ 287,267 $ 210,654
v3.25.0.1
Condensed Financial Information (Parent Company Only) - Condensed Statements of Cash Flows (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Thousands
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2024
Dec. 31, 2023
Dec. 31, 2022
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash used in operating activities:      
Change in other assets $ 20,781 $ 85,181 $ 37,264
Net cash (used in) provided by operating activities (835,278) (356,402) 975,774
Investing Activities      
Purchases of other equity securities (30,000)    
Purchase of limited partnership interests or LLC's (23,301) (18,762) (14,590)
Other investing activity 10,239 1,937 4,395
Net cash used in investing activities (874,275) (3,260,081) (2,862,851)
Financing Activities      
Proceeds from notes payable 6,878 64,922 4,000
Repayments on notes payable   (21,000)  
Dividends paid (51,167) (48,506) (38,067)
Proceeds from issuance of common stock 97,655    
Proceeds from issuance of preferred stock 222,748   137,459
Redemption of preferred stock (52,044)    
Funds disbursed for future redemption of Series B preferred stock (125,000)    
Repurchase of common stock     (3,935)
Net cash provided by financing activities 1,601,741 3,974,741 1,080,627
Net Change in Cash and Due From Banks (107,812) 358,258 (806,450)
Reportable Legal Entities | Parent Company      
Operating Activities      
Net income 320,386 279,234 219,721
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash used in operating activities:      
Equity in undistributed earnings from subsidiaries and other operating activities (205,422) (229,428) (181,263)
Net cash (used in) provided by operating activities 114,964 49,806 38,458
Investing Activities      
Contributed capital to subsidiaries (225,295) (43,922) (110,000)
Purchases of other equity securities (30,000)    
Purchase of limited partnership interests or LLC's (3,038) (769) (8,746)
Return of capital from subsidiaries 49,017    
Other investing activity 8,301 554  
Net cash used in investing activities (201,015) (44,137) (118,746)
Financing Activities      
Proceeds from notes payable 6,878 64,922 4,000
Repayments on notes payable   (21,000)  
Dividends paid (51,167) (48,506) (38,067)
Proceeds from issuance of common stock 97,655    
Proceeds from issuance of preferred stock 222,748   137,459
Redemption of preferred stock (52,044)    
Funds disbursed for future redemption of Series B preferred stock (125,000)    
Repurchase of common stock     (3,935)
Net cash provided by financing activities 99,070 (4,584) 99,457
Net Change in Cash and Due From Banks 13,019 1,085 19,169
Cash and Due From Banks at Beginning of Year 42,810 41,725 22,556
Cash and Due From Banks at End of Year $ 55,829 42,810 41,725
Additional Cash Flows Information:      
Payable for limited partnership interest or LLC's   $ 2,752 $ 3,521
v3.25.0.1
Regulatory Matters (Details)
$ in Thousands
Dec. 31, 2024
USD ($)
Dec. 31, 2023
USD ($)
Tier 1 Capital (to average assets)    
Amount available without prior regulatory approval for dividends $ 600,100  
Parent Company    
Total Capital (to risk-weighted assets)    
Total Capital (to risk-weighted assets), Actual, Amount $ 2,334,479 $ 1,772,195
Total Capital (to risk weighted assets), Actual, Ratio (as a percent) 0.139 0.116
Total Capital (to risk weighted assets), Minimum Amount to be Well Capitalized with Basel III Buffer, Amount $ 1,767,835 $ 1,598,260
Total Capital (to risk weighted assets), Minimum Amount to be Well Capitalized with Basel III Buffer, Ratio (as a percent) 0.105 0.105
Tier I Capital (to risk-weighted assets)    
Tier I Capital, (to risk-weighted assets), Actual, Amount $ 2,234,658 $ 1,686,202
Tier I Capital (to risk weighted assets), Actual, Ratio (as a percent) 0.133 0.111
Tier I Capital (to risk weighted assets), Minimum Amount to be Well Capitalized with Basel III Buffer, Amount $ 1,431,105 $ 1,293,830
Tier I Capital (to risk weighted assets), Minimum Amount to be Well Capitalized with Basel III Buffer, Ratio (as a percent) 0.085 0.085
Common Equity Tier I Capital (to risk-weighted assets)    
Common Equity Tier I Capital (to risk weighted assets), Actual, Amount $ 1,562,524 $ 1,186,594
Common Equity Tier I Capital (to risk weighted assets), Ratio (as a percent) 0.093 0.078
Common Equity Tier I Capital (to risk weighted assets), Minimum Amount to be Well Capitalized with Basel III Buffer, Amount $ 1,178,557 $ 1,065,507
Common Equity Tier I Capital (to risk weighted assets, Minimum Amount Required to be Well Capitalized with Basel III Buffer, Ratio (as a percent) 0.07 0.07
Tier 1 Capital (to average assets)    
Tier 1 Capital (to average assets), Actual, Amount $ 2,234,658 $ 1,686,202
Tier 1 Capital (to average assets), Actual, Ratio (as a percent) 0.121 0.101
Tier 1 Capital (to average assets), Minimum Amount Required to be Well Capitalized with Basel III Buffer, Amount $ 925,180 $ 832,706
Tier 1 Capital (to average assets), Minimum Amount Required to be Well Capitalized with Basel III Buffer, Ratio (as a percent) 0.05 0.05
Merchants Bank    
Total Capital (to risk-weighted assets)    
Total Capital (to risk-weighted assets), Actual, Amount $ 2,165,193 $ 1,724,505
Total Capital (to risk weighted assets), Actual, Ratio (as a percent) 0.129 0.115
Total Capital (to risk weighted assets), Minimum Amount to be Well Capitalized with Basel III Buffer, Amount $ 1,763,982 $ 1,577,434
Total Capital (to risk weighted assets), Minimum Amount to be Well Capitalized with Basel III Buffer, Ratio (as a percent) 0.105 0.105
Total Capital (to risk weighted assets), Minimum Amount To Be Well Capitalized, Amount $ 1,679,983 $ 1,502,318
Total Capital (to risk weighted assets), Minimum Amount To Be Well Capitalized, Ratio (as a percent) 0.10 0.10
Tier I Capital (to risk-weighted assets)    
Tier I Capital, (to risk-weighted assets), Actual, Amount $ 2,065,372 $ 1,639,171
Tier I Capital (to risk weighted assets), Actual, Ratio (as a percent) 0.123 0.109
Tier I Capital (to risk weighted assets), Minimum Amount to be Well Capitalized with Basel III Buffer, Amount $ 1,427,985 $ 1,276,970
Tier I Capital (to risk weighted assets), Minimum Amount to be Well Capitalized with Basel III Buffer, Ratio (as a percent) 0.085 0.085
Tier I Capital (to risk weighted assets), Minimum Amount To Be Well Capitalized, Amount $ 1,343,986 $ 1,201,854
Tier I Capital (to risk weighted assets), Minimum Amount To Be Well Capitalized, Ratio (as a percent) 0.08 0.08
Common Equity Tier I Capital (to risk-weighted assets)    
Common Equity Tier I Capital (to risk weighted assets), Actual, Amount $ 2,065,372 $ 1,639,171
Common Equity Tier I Capital (to risk weighted assets), Ratio (as a percent) 0.123 0.109
Common Equity Tier I Capital (to risk weighted assets), Minimum Amount to be Well Capitalized with Basel III Buffer, Amount $ 1,175,988 $ 1,051,623
Common Equity Tier I Capital (to risk weighted assets, Minimum Amount Required to be Well Capitalized with Basel III Buffer, Ratio (as a percent) 0.07 0.07
Common Equity Tier I Capital (to risk weighted assets), Minimum Amount To Be Well Capitalized, Amount $ 1,091,989 $ 976,507
Common Equity Tier I Capital (to risk weighted assets), Minimum Amount To Be Well Capitalized, Ratio (as a percent) 0.065 0.065
Tier 1 Capital (to average assets)    
Tier 1 Capital (to average assets), Actual, Amount $ 2,065,372 $ 1,639,171
Tier 1 Capital (to average assets), Actual, Ratio (as a percent) 0.112 0.101
Tier 1 Capital (to average assets), Minimum Amount Required to be Well Capitalized with Basel III Buffer, Amount $ 922,006 $ 815,191
Tier 1 Capital (to average assets), Minimum Amount Required to be Well Capitalized with Basel III Buffer, Ratio (as a percent) 0.05 0.05
Tier 1 Capital (to average assets), Minimum Amount To Be Well Capitalized, Amount $ 922,006 $ 815,191
Tier 1 Capital (to average assets), Minimum Amount To Be Well Capitalized, Ratio (as a percent) 0.05 0.05
FMBI    
Total Capital (to risk-weighted assets)    
Total Capital (to risk-weighted assets), Actual, Amount   $ 40,613
Total Capital (to risk weighted assets), Actual, Ratio (as a percent)   0.211
Total Capital (to risk weighted assets), Minimum Amount to be Well Capitalized with Basel III Buffer, Amount   $ 20,209
Total Capital (to risk weighted assets), Minimum Amount to be Well Capitalized with Basel III Buffer, Ratio (as a percent)   0.105
Total Capital (to risk weighted assets), Minimum Amount To Be Well Capitalized, Amount   $ 19,247
Total Capital (to risk weighted assets), Minimum Amount To Be Well Capitalized, Ratio (as a percent)   0.10
Tier I Capital (to risk-weighted assets)    
Tier I Capital, (to risk-weighted assets), Actual, Amount   $ 39,953
Tier I Capital (to risk weighted assets), Actual, Ratio (as a percent)   0.208
Tier I Capital (to risk weighted assets), Minimum Amount to be Well Capitalized with Basel III Buffer, Amount   $ 16,360
Tier I Capital (to risk weighted assets), Minimum Amount to be Well Capitalized with Basel III Buffer, Ratio (as a percent)   0.085
Tier I Capital (to risk weighted assets), Minimum Amount To Be Well Capitalized, Amount   $ 15,398
Tier I Capital (to risk weighted assets), Minimum Amount To Be Well Capitalized, Ratio (as a percent)   0.08
Common Equity Tier I Capital (to risk-weighted assets)    
Common Equity Tier I Capital (to risk weighted assets), Actual, Amount   $ 39,953
Common Equity Tier I Capital (to risk weighted assets), Ratio (as a percent)   0.208
Common Equity Tier I Capital (to risk weighted assets), Minimum Amount to be Well Capitalized with Basel III Buffer, Amount   $ 13,473
Common Equity Tier I Capital (to risk weighted assets, Minimum Amount Required to be Well Capitalized with Basel III Buffer, Ratio (as a percent)   0.07
Common Equity Tier I Capital (to risk weighted assets), Minimum Amount To Be Well Capitalized, Amount   $ 12,511
Common Equity Tier I Capital (to risk weighted assets), Minimum Amount To Be Well Capitalized, Ratio (as a percent)   0.065
Tier 1 Capital (to average assets)    
Tier 1 Capital (to average assets), Actual, Amount   $ 39,953
Tier 1 Capital (to average assets), Actual, Ratio (as a percent)   0.115
Tier 1 Capital (to average assets), Minimum Amount Required to be Well Capitalized with Basel III Buffer, Amount   $ 17,391
Tier 1 Capital (to average assets), Minimum Amount Required to be Well Capitalized with Basel III Buffer, Ratio (as a percent)   0.05
Tier 1 Capital (to average assets), Minimum Amount To Be Well Capitalized, Amount   $ 17,391
Tier 1 Capital (to average assets), Minimum Amount To Be Well Capitalized, Ratio (as a percent)   0.05
v3.25.0.1
Commitments, Credit Risk, and Contingencies - Financial Instrument (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Thousands
Dec. 31, 2024
Dec. 31, 2023
Commitments subject to credit risk    
Commitments and Credit Risk    
Financial instrument whose contract amount represents credit risk $ 4,661,905 $ 3,958,573
Commitments subject to certain performance criteria and cancellation    
Commitments and Credit Risk    
Financial instrument whose contract amount represents credit risk 3,703,351 3,742,867
Commitments to extend credit | Commitments subject to credit risk    
Commitments and Credit Risk    
Financial instrument whose contract amount represents credit risk 4,348,628 3,693,099
Standby letters of credit | Commitments subject to credit risk    
Commitments and Credit Risk    
Financial instrument whose contract amount represents credit risk 204,745 129,655
Outstanding commitments to originate loans | Commitments subject to certain performance criteria and cancellation    
Commitments and Credit Risk    
Financial instrument whose contract amount represents credit risk 740,886 692,582
Unfunded construction draws | Commitments subject to certain performance criteria and cancellation    
Commitments and Credit Risk    
Financial instrument whose contract amount represents credit risk 281,152 266,369
Unfunded warehouse repurchase agreements and other | Commitments subject to credit risk    
Commitments and Credit Risk    
Financial instrument whose contract amount represents credit risk 108,532 135,819
Unfunded warehouse repurchase agreements and other | Commitments subject to certain performance criteria and cancellation    
Commitments and Credit Risk    
Financial instrument whose contract amount represents credit risk $ 2,681,313 $ 2,783,916
v3.25.0.1
Commitments, Credit Risk, and Contingencies - Other (Details) - USD ($)
Dec. 31, 2024
Dec. 31, 2023
Dec. 31, 2022
Commitments and Credit Risk      
Reserve liability $ 1,500,000 $ 800,000  
Outstanding line of credit 0 0 $ 0
Additional contribution on qualified affordable housing limited partnerships 93,929,000 61,411,000  
Other Liabilities      
Commitments and Credit Risk      
Additional contribution on qualified affordable housing limited partnerships 93,900,000 61,400,000  
Unfunded liability to invest in debt fund joint ventures 3,800,000 4,000,000  
Loan Sale and Freddie Mac Q Series Securitization | Other Liabilities      
Commitments and Credit Risk      
Financial guarantees   1,200,000  
Non-contingent reserve 1,800,000 2,500,000  
Loan Sale and Freddie Mac Q Series Securitization | Indemnification Agreement | Other Liabilities      
Commitments and Credit Risk      
Financial guarantees 800,000    
Fannie Mae or Freddie Mac | Other Liabilities      
Commitments and Credit Risk      
Potential obligation for repurchase of loans $ 1,100,000 $ 1,000,000  
v3.25.0.1
Related Party Transactions - Other (Details) - USD ($)
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2024
Dec. 31, 2023
Dec. 31, 2022
Limited Liability Company, Senior Housing and Healthcare Sectors      
Related Party Transactions      
Equity method investee, ownership percentage 30.00%    
Directors, Executive Officers and their Affiliates | Maximum      
Related Party Transactions      
Percent of loan to related party 5.00% 5.00%  
Board of Directors      
Related Party Transactions      
Legal fees $ 4,000,000 $ 9,400,000 $ 9,400,000
Speaking engagement - fee 0 30,000 0
Low Income Housing Tax Credit Syndication Business      
Related Party Transactions      
Gain (loss) on sales 0 0 0
Single Family and Multi-Family Debt Financing Investments [Member]      
Related Party Transactions      
Gain (loss) on sales   (263,000)  
Board Member And Executive      
Related Party Transactions      
Payment for charter flights $ 104,000 $ 62,000 $ 0
v3.25.0.1
Related Party Transactions - Investments (Details) - USD ($)
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2024
Dec. 31, 2023
Dec. 31, 2022
Related Party Transactions      
Servicing income received for loans referred by the LLC $ 43,673,000 $ 26,198,000 $ 30,198,000
Carrying value, at year-end, of securities held-to-maturity purchased from debt funds 155,268,000 293,268,000 1,252,793,000
Limited Liability Company, Senior Housing and Healthcare Sectors      
Related Party Transactions      
Origination fees received from borrowers referred by the LLC 26,287,000 12,669,000 24,830,000
Fees paid to LLC for loans referred and originated (20,882,000) (9,866,000) (17,145,000)
Servicing income received for loans referred by the LLC 841,000 561,000 417,000
Servicing income participation paid to LLC (428,000) (281,000) (209,000)
Income from investment in LLC 3,536,000 1,612,000 4,129,000
Distributions received from LLC and debt funds 1,153,000 993,000 3,795,000
Interest income paid to LLC for loans originated and referred by the LLC (2,158,000) (3,587,000) (6,725,000)
Low Income Housing Tax Credit Syndication Business      
Related Party Transactions      
Interest income, financing (1) and other fees received from syndicated funds 31,683,000 16,592,000 11,012,000
Loans and other receivables outstanding, net of participations sold, to syndicated and debt funds 334,536,000 127,449,000 49,004,000
Gains (losses) recognized on loans sold to debt funds 0 0 0
Single Family and Multi-Family Debt Financing Investments      
Related Party Transactions      
Income from investments, servicing, interest income, and management of debt funds 53,274,000 29,992,000 4,642,000
Distributions received from LLC and debt funds 8,871,000 890,000 512,000
Loans and other receivables outstanding, net of participations sold, to syndicated and debt funds 133,044,000 108,055,000 35,732,000
Loans sold to debt funds 98,184,000 102,336,000 884,247,000
Gains (losses) recognized on loans sold to debt funds   (263,000)  
Carrying value, at year-end, of securities held-to-maturity purchased from debt funds $ 526,242,000 $ 472,539,000 $ 248,366,000
v3.25.0.1
Subsequent Events (Details) - USD ($)
$ / shares in Units, $ in Thousands
12 Months Ended
Jan. 02, 2025
Dec. 31, 2024
Subsequent Events    
Redemption of preferred stock   $ 52,044
Subsequent Events | Series B Preferred Stock    
Subsequent Events    
Preferred stock, redemption price (in dollars per share) $ 1,000  
Depositary share, preferred stock liquidation preference (in dollars per share) $ 25  
Redemption of preferred stock $ 125,000