1. Organization

Grubhub Inc., a Delaware corporation, and its wholly-owned subsidiaries (collectively referred to as the “Company”) provide an online and mobile platform for restaurant pick-up and delivery orders. Diners enter their delivery address or use geo-location within the mobile applications and the Company displays the menus and other relevant information for restaurants in its network. Orders may be placed directly online, via mobile applications or over the phone at no cost to the diner. The Company charges the restaurant a per order commission that is largely fee based. In certain markets, the Company also provides delivery services to restaurants on its platform that do not have their own delivery operations.

2. Significant Accounting Policies

Basis of Presentation

The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated interim financial statements include the accounts of Grubhub Inc. and have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”) for interim financial information and in accordance with the rules and regulations of the United States Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”). Accordingly, they do not include all of the information and footnotes required by GAAP for complete financial statements. These unaudited condensed consolidated interim financial statements include all wholly-owned subsidiaries and reflect all normal and recurring adjustments, as well as any other than normal adjustments, that are, in the opinion of management, necessary for a fair presentation of the results for the interim periods and should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2015 filed with the SEC on February 26, 2016 (the “2015 Form 10-K”). All significant intercompany transactions have been eliminated in consolidation. Operating results for the three and six months ended June 30, 2016 are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for the fiscal year ending December 31, 2016.

Use of Estimates

The preparation of condensed consolidated financial statements in accordance with GAAP requires management to make certain estimates, judgments and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and the related disclosures at the date of the financial statements, as well as the reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the periods presented. Estimates include revenue recognition, the allowance for doubtful accounts, website and internal-use software development costs, goodwill, depreciable lives of property and equipment, recoverability of intangible assets with definite lives and other long-lived assets, stock-based compensation and income taxes. Actual results could differ from these estimates.

There have been no material changes to the Company’s significant accounting policies described in the 2015 Form 10-K.

Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements

In June 2016, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (the “FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Update No. 2016-13, “Financial Instruments—Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments” (“ASU 2016-13”). ASU 2016-13 introduces a new forward-looking approach, based on expected losses, to estimate credit losses on certain types of financial instruments, including trade receivables and held-to-maturity debt securities, which will require entities to incorporate considerations of historical information, current information and reasonable and supportable forecasts. This ASU also expands disclosure requirements. ASU 2016-13 is effective for the Company beginning the first quarter of 2020 with early adoption permitted. The guidance will be applied using the modified-retrospective approach. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of adoption of ASU 2016-13 on its consolidated financial statements.

In March 2016, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update No. 2016-09, “Compensation—Stock Compensation (Topic 718): Improvements to Employee Share-Based Payment Accounting” (“ASU 2016-09”), which simplifies several aspects of the accounting for share-based payment transactions. Under ASU 2016-09, excess tax benefits and tax deficiencies are recognized as income tax expense or benefit in the income statement. ASU 2016-09 also provides entities with the option to elect an accounting policy to continue to estimate forfeitures of stock-based awards over the service period (current GAAP) or account for forfeitures when they occur. Under ASU 2016-09, previously unrecognized excess tax benefits should be recognized using a modified retrospective transition. In addition, amendments requiring recognition of excess tax benefits and tax deficiencies in the income statement, as well as changes in the computation of weighted-average diluted shares outstanding, should be applied prospectively. The Company believes the most significant impact of the adoption of ASU 2016-09 to the Company’s consolidated financial statements will be to recognize certain tax benefits or tax shortfalls upon a restricted-stock award or unit vesting or stock option exercise relative to the deferred tax asset position established in the provision for income taxes line of the consolidated statement of operations instead of to consolidated stockholders’ equity. During the six months ended June 30, 2016, and the years ended 2015 and 2014, the Company recorded $18.8 million, $27.8 million and $13.0 million to consolidated stockholders’ equity as tax benefits related to stock-based compensation, respectively. ASU 2016-09 is effective beginning in the first quarter of 2017 with early adoption permitted. The Company plans to adopt ASU 2016-09 during the first quarter of 2017.

In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-02 “Leases (Topic 842)” (“ASU 2016-02”). Under ASU 2016-02, a lessee will recognize in the statement of financial position a liability to make lease payments (the lease liability) and a right-of-use asset for all leases (with the exception of short-term leases) at the commencement date. The recognition, measurement, and presentation of expenses and cash flows arising from a lease under ASU 2016-02 will not significantly change from current GAAP. ASU 2016-02 is effective beginning in the first quarter of 2019 with early adoption permitted. The Company will be required to recognize and measure leases at the beginning of the earliest period presented using a modified retrospective approach. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of adoption of ASU 2016-02 on its consolidated financial statements, but anticipates that it will result in a significant increase in its long-term assets and liabilities and minimal impact to its results of operations and cash flows.

In September 2015, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update No. 2015-16, “Business Combinations (Topic 805): Simplifying the Accounting for Measurement-Period Adjustments” (“ASU 2015-16”), which eliminates the requirement to account for adjustments identified during the measurement-period in a business combination retrospectively. Instead, the acquirer must recognize measurement-period adjustments during the period in which they are identified, including the effect on earnings of any amounts that would have been recorded in previous periods had the purchase accounting been completed at the acquisition date. ASU 2015-16 was effective for and adopted by the Company in the first quarter of 2016. The adoption of ASU 2015-16 eliminates costs related to retrospective application of any measurement-period adjustments that may be identified, but has not had a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial position, results of operations or cash flows.     

In April 2015, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update 2015-05, “Intangibles -Goodwill and Other – Internal Use Software (Subtopic 350-40): Customer’s Accounting for Fees Paid in a Cloud Computing Arrangement” (“ASU 2015-05”), which provides guidance on accounting for fees paid in a cloud computing arrangement. Under ASU 2015-05, if a cloud computing arrangement includes a software license, the software license element should be accounted for consistent with the purchase of other software licenses. If the cloud computing arrangement does not include a software license, it should be accounted for as a service contract. ASU 2015-05 was effective for and adopted by the Company in the first quarter of 2016. The Company elected to apply ASU 2015-05 prospectively; however, its adoption did not have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial position, results of operations or cash flows.

In April 2015, the FASB issued ASU No. 2015-03, “Interest - Imputation of Interest (Subtopic 835-30): Simplifying the Presentation of Debt Issuance Costs” (“ASU 2015-03”). ASU 2015-03 simplifies the presentation of debt issuance costs by requiring that debt issuance costs related to a recognized debt liability be presented in the balance sheet as a direct deduction from the carrying amount of that debt liability, consistent with debt discounts. Under the previous practice, debt issuance costs were recognized as a deferred charge (that is, an asset). The recognition and measurement guidance for debt issuance costs are not affected by the amendments in this ASU. In August 2015, the FASB issued ASU 2015-15 “Interest - Imputed Interest (Subtopic 835-30): Presentation and Subsequent Measurement of Debt Issuance Costs Associated with Line-of-Credit Arrangements” (“ASU 2015-15”), which clarifies that the guidance in ASU 2015-03 does not apply to line-of-credit arrangements. According to ASU 2015-15, debt issuance costs related to line-of-credit arrangements will continue to be deferred and presented as an asset and subsequently amortized ratably over the term of the arrangement. The amendments in ASU 2015-03 and clarifications of ASU 2015-15 are effective for the Company in the first quarter of 2016. The Company entered into a credit agreement on April 29, 2016 (see Note 8, Debt, for additional details). The adoption of the ASUs will not have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial position, results of operations or cash flows.

In May 2014, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update No. 2014-09, “Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606)” (“ASU 2014-09”), which supersedes the revenue recognition requirements in Topic 605, Revenue Recognition, including most industry-specific requirements. ASU 2014-09 establishes a five-step revenue recognition process in which an entity will recognize revenue when it transfers promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the company expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services. ASU 2014-09 also requires enhanced disclosures regarding the nature, amount, timing and uncertainty of revenues and cash flows from contracts with customers. In August 2015, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update 2015-14, “Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606): Deferral of the Effective Date”, which defers the effective date of ASU 2014-09 by one year. In March 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-08, “Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606): Principal versus Agent Considerations (Reporting Revenue Gross versus Net)” (“ASU 2016-08”), which clarifies the implementation guidance on principal versus agent considerations in the new revenue recognition standard. ASU 2016-08 clarifies how an entity should identify the unit of accounting (i.e. the specified good or service) for the principal versus agent evaluation and how it should apply the control principle to certain types of arrangements. In April 2016, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update No. 2016-10, “Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606): Identifying Performance Obligations and Licensing” (“ASU 2016-10”), which clarifies the implementation guidance on identifying performance obligations and licensing. ASU 2016-10 reduces the cost and complexity of identifying promised goods or services and improves the guidance for determining whether promises are separately identifiable. In May 2016, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update No. 2016-12, “Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606): Narrow-Scope Improvements and Practical Expedients” (“ASU 2016-12”), which amends the guidance in the new revenue standard on collectability, non-cash consideration, presentation of sales tax, and transition. ASU 2014-09, ASU 2016-08, ASU 2016-10 and ASU 2016-12 will be effective for the Company in the first quarter of 2018. Management is currently evaluating the impact the adoption of these ASUs will have on the Company’s consolidated financial position, results of operations or cash flows. The Company currently anticipates applying the modified retrospective approach when adopting these ASUs.

3. Acquisitions

2016 Acquisitions

On May 5, 2016, the Company acquired all of the issued and outstanding stock of KMLEE Investments Inc. and LABite.Com, Inc. (collectively, “LABite”). The purchase price for LABite was $65.9 million in cash, net of cash acquired of $2.6 million and a net working capital adjustment receivable of $1.6 million. LABite provides online and mobile food ordering and delivery services for restaurants in numerous western and southwestern cities of the United States.  The acquisition has expanded the Company’s restaurant, diner and delivery networks.

The results of operations of LABite have been included in the Company’s financial statements since May 5, 2016 and have not had a material impact on the Company’s consolidated results of operations as of June 30, 2016.

The excess of the consideration transferred in the acquisition over the net amounts assigned to the fair value of the assets acquired was recorded as goodwill, which represents the opportunity to expand restaurant delivery services and enhance the breadth and depth of the Company’s restaurant networks. Of the $40.8 million of goodwill related to the acquisition, $4.4 million is expected to be deductible for income tax purposes.

The assets acquired and liabilities assumed of LABite were recorded at their estimated fair values as of the closing date of May 5, 2016. The following table summarizes the preliminary purchase price allocation acquisition-date fair values of the assets and liabilities acquired in connection with the LABite acquisition: 

2015 Acquisitions

On February 4, 2015, the Company acquired assets of DiningIn.com, Inc. and certain of its affiliates (collectively, “DiningIn”), and, on February 27, 2015, the Company acquired the membership units of Restaurants on the Run, LLC (“Restaurants on the Run”) and on December 4, 2015, the Company acquired the membership units of Mealport USA, LLC (“Delivered Dish”). Aggregate consideration for the three acquisitions was approximately $73.9 million in cash and 407,812 restricted shares of the Company’s common stock, or an estimated total transaction value of approximately $89.9 million based on the Company’s closing share price on the respective closing dates, net of cash acquired of $0.7 million. DiningIn, Restaurants on the Run and Delivered Dish provide delivery options for individual diners, group orders and corporate catering. The acquisitions have expanded and enhanced the Company’s service offerings for its customers, particularly in the delivery space.

The results of operations of DiningIn, Restaurants on the Run and Delivered Dish have been included in the Company’s financial statements since February 4, 2015, February 27, 2015 and December 4, 2015, respectively.

The excess of the consideration transferred in the acquisitions over the net amounts assigned to the fair value of the assets acquired was recorded as goodwill, which represents the opportunity to expand restaurant delivery services and enhance the breadth and depth of the Company’s restaurant networks. The goodwill related to these acquisitions of $43.4 million is expected to be deductible for income tax purposes.

The assets acquired and liabilities assumed of DiningIn, Restaurants on the Run and Delivered Dish were recorded at their estimated fair values as of the closing dates of February 4, 2015, February 27, 2015 and December 4, 2015, respectively. The following table summarizes the final purchase price allocation acquisition-date fair values of the assets and liabilities acquired in connection with the DiningIn, Restaurants on the Run and Delivered Dish acquisitions: 

Additional Information

The estimated fair values of the intangible assets acquired were determined based on a combination of the income, cost, and market approaches to measure the fair value of the customer (restaurant) relationships, developed technology and trademarks. The fair value of the trademarks was measured based on the relief from royalty method. The cost approach, specifically the cost to recreate method, was used to value the developed technology. The income approach, specifically the multi-period excess earnings method, was used to value the customer (restaurant) relationships. These fair value measurements were based on significant inputs not observable in the market and thus represent Level 3 measurements within the fair value hierarchy.

The Company incurred certain expenses directly and indirectly related to acquisitions which were recognized in general and administrative expenses within the condensed consolidated statements of operations for the three months ended June 30, 2016 and 2015 of $0.7 million and $0.1 million, respectively, and for the six months ended June 30, 2016 and 2015 of $1.5 million and $0.7 million, respectively.

Pro Forma

The following unaudited pro forma information presents a summary of the operating results of the Company for the three and six months ended June 30, 2016 and 2015 as if the acquisitions had occurred as of January 1 of the year prior to acquisition:

The pro forma adjustments reflect the amortization that would have been recognized for intangible assets, elimination of transaction costs incurred and pro forma tax adjustments for three and six months ended June 30, 2016 and 2015 as follows:

The unaudited pro forma revenues and net income are not intended to represent or be indicative of the Company’s condensed consolidated results of operations or financial condition that would have been reported had the acquisitions been completed as of the beginning of the periods presented and should not be taken as indicative of the Company’s future consolidated results of operations or financial condition.

4. Marketable Securities

The amortized cost, unrealized gains and losses and estimated fair value of the Company’s held-to-maturity marketable securities as of June 30, 2016 and December 31, 2015 were as follows:

All of the Company’s marketable securities were classified as held-to-maturity investments and have maturities within one year of June 30, 2016.

The gross unrealized losses, estimated fair value and length of time the individual marketable securities were in a continuous loss position for those marketable securities in an unrealized loss position as of June 30, 2016 and December 31, 2015 were as follows:

During the three and six months ended June 30, 2016 and 2015, the Company did not recognize any other-than-temporary impairment losses related to its marketable securities.

The Company’s marketable securities are classified within Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy (see Note 13, Fair Value Measurement, for further details).

5. Goodwill and Acquired Intangible Assets

The components of acquired intangible assets as of June 30, 2016 and December 31, 2015 were as follows:

The gross carrying amount and accumulated amortization of the Company’s developed technology intangible assets have been adjusted by $0.9 million as of June 30, 2016 for certain fully amortized assets that are no longer in use.

Amortization expense for acquired intangible assets was $5.7 million and $4.7 million for the three months ended June 30, 2016 and 2015, respectively, and $10.7 million and $8.8 million for the six months ended June 30, 2016 and 2015, respectively.

Changes in the carrying amount of goodwill during the six months ended June 30, 2016 were as follows: 

During the six months ended June 30, 2016, the Company recorded additions to acquired intangible assets of $48.7 million as a result of the acquisition of LABite. The components of the acquired intangibles assets added during the six months ended June 30, 2016 were as follows:

Estimated future amortization expense of acquired intangible assets as of June 30, 2016 was as follows:

6. Property and Equipment

The components of the Company’s property and equipment as of June 30, 2016 and December 31, 2015 were as follows:

The Company recorded depreciation and amortization expense for property and equipment other than developed software of $1.9 and $2.0 million for the three months ended June 30, 2016 and 2015, respectively, and $3.3 million and $3.4 million for the six months ended June 30, 2016 and 2015, respectively.  

The Company capitalized developed software costs of $3.7 million and $2.0 million for the three months ended June 30, 2016 and 2015, respectively, and $6.7 million and $3.5 million for the six months ended June 30, 2016 and 2015, respectively. Amortization expense for developed software costs, recognized in depreciation and amortization in the condensed consolidated statements of operations, for the three months ended June 30, 2016 and 2015 was $1.3 million and $2.2 million, respectively, and $2.2 million and $2.9 million for the six months ended June 30, 2016 and 2015, respectively. During the three and six months ended June 30, 2015, the Company recorded approximately $1.9 million of accelerated depreciation and amortization expense related to certain developed and purchased software and computer equipment assets that were disposed of with the migration of nearly all of the Seamless consumer diner traffic to a new web and mobile platform during the second quarter of 2015.

7. Commitments and Contingencies

Legal

In August 2011, Ameranth, Inc. (“Ameranth”) filed a patent infringement action against a number of defendants, including Grubhub Holdings Inc., in the U.S. District Court for the Southern District of California (the “Court”), Case No. 3:11-cv-1810 (“’1810 action”). In September 2011, Ameranth amended its complaint in the ’1810 action to also allege patent infringement against Seamless North America, LLC. Ameranth alleged that the Grubhub Holdings Inc. and Seamless North America, LLC ordering systems, products and services infringe claims 12 through 15 of U.S. Patent No. 6,384,850 (“’850 patent”) and claims 11 and 15 of U.S. Patent No. 6,871,325 (“’325 patent”).

In March 2012, Ameranth initiated eight additional actions for infringement of a third, related patent, U.S. Patent No. 8,146,077 (“’077 patent”), in the same forum, including separate actions against Grubhub Holdings Inc., Case No. 3:12-cv-739 (“’739 action”), and Seamless North America, LLC, Case No. 3:12-cv-737 (“’737 action”). In August 2012, the Court severed the claims against Grubhub Holdings Inc. and Seamless North America, LLC in the ’1810 action and consolidated them with the ’739 action and the ’737 action, respectively. Later, the Court consolidated these separate cases against Grubhub Holdings Inc. and Seamless North America, LLC, along with the approximately 40 other cases Ameranth filed in the same district, with the original ’1810 action. In their answers, Grubhub Holdings Inc. and Seamless North America, LLC denied infringement and interposed various defenses, including non-infringement, invalidity, unenforceability and inequitable conduct.

No trial date has been set for this case and the consolidated district court case remains stayed. The Company believes this case lacks merit and that it has strong defenses to all of the infringement claims. The Company intends to defend the suit vigorously. However, the Company is unable to predict the likelihood of success of Ameranth’s infringement claims and is unable to predict the likelihood of success of its counterclaims. The Company has not recorded an accrual related to this lawsuit as of June 30, 2016, as it does not believe a material loss is probable. It is a reasonable possibility that a loss may be incurred; however, the possible range of loss is not estimable given the early stage of the dispute and the uncertainty as to whether the claims at issue are with or without merit, will be settled out of court, or will be determined in the Company’s favor, whether the Company may be required to expend significant management time and financial resources on the defense of such claims, and whether the Company will be able to recover any losses under its insurance policies.

In addition to the matter described above, from time to time, the Company is involved in various other legal proceedings arising from the normal course of business activities. For example, in the ordinary course of business, the Company receives labor and employment claims, including those related to misclassification of independent contractors. The Company does not believe these claims will have a material impact on its consolidated financial statements. However, there is no assurance that these claims will not be combined into a collective or class action.

Indemnification

In connection with the merger of Seamless North America, LLC, Seamless Holdings Corporation and Grubhub Holdings Inc. in August 2013, the Company agreed to indemnify Aramark Holdings Corporation for negative income tax consequences associated with the October 2012 spin-off of Seamless Holdings Corporation that were the result of certain actions taken by the Company through October 29, 2014, in certain instances subject to a $15.0 million limitation. Management is not aware of any actions that would impact the indemnification obligation.

8. Debt

On April 29, 2016, the Company entered into a secured revolving credit facility (the “Credit Agreement”), which provides for aggregate revolving loans up to $185.0 million, subject to an increase of up to an additional $30 million under certain conditions. The credit facility will be available to the Company until April 28, 2021. There were no borrowings outstanding under the Credit Agreement as of June 30, 2016.

Under the Credit Agreement, borrowings bear interest, at the Company’s option, based on LIBOR or an alternate base rate plus a margin. In the case of LIBOR loans the margin ranges between 1.25% and 2.00% and, in the case of alternate base rate loans, between 0.25% and 1.0%, in each case, based upon the Company’s consolidated leverage ratio (as defined in the Credit Agreement). The Company is also required to pay a commitment fee on the undrawn portion available under the revolving loan facility of between 0.20% and 0.30% per annum, based upon the Company’s consolidated leverage ratio.

The Company incurred origination fees at closing of the Credit Agreement of $1.5 million, which were recorded in other assets on the condensed consolidated balance sheet and will be amortized over the term of the facility.

The Credit Agreement will be used for general corporate purposes, including funding working capital and acquisitions. The Company’s obligations under the Credit Agreement are secured by a lien on substantially all of the tangible and intangible property of the Company and by a pledge of all of the equity interests of the Company’s domestic subsidiaries.

The Credit Agreement contains customary covenants that, among other things, require the Company to satisfy certain financial covenants and may restrict the Company’s ability to incur additional debt, pay dividends and make distributions, make certain investments and acquisitions, create liens, transfer and sell material assets and merge or consolidate. Non-compliance with one or more of the covenants could result in the amounts outstanding, if any, under the Credit Agreement becoming immediately due and payable and termination of the commitments. The Company was in compliance with the covenants as of June 30, 2016.

9. Stock-Based Compensation

The Company has granted stock options, restricted stock units and restricted stock awards under its incentive plans. The Company recognizes compensation expense based on estimated grant date fair values for all stock-based awards issued to employees and directors, including stock options, restricted stock awards and restricted stock units.

Stock-based Compensation Expense

The total stock-based compensation expense related to all stock-based awards was $5.5 million and $3.3 million during the three months ended June 30, 2016 and 2015, respectively, and $12.4 million and $6.3 million during the six months ended June 30, 2016 and 2015, respectively. During the six months ended June 30, 2016 and 2015, the Company reported excess tax benefits as a decrease in cash flows from operations and an increase in cash flows from financing activities of $18.8 million and $14.4 million, respectively. Excess tax benefits reflect the total of the individual stock option exercise transactions and vesting of restricted stock awards and restricted stock units in which the reduction to the Company’s income tax liability is greater than the deferred tax assets that were previously recorded. The Company capitalized $0.4 million and $0.1 million during the three months ended June 30, 2016 and 2015, respectively, and $0.8 million and $0.2 million during the six months ended June 30, 2016 and 2015, respectively, of stock-based compensation expense as website and software development costs. As of June 30, 2016, $48.0 million of total unrecognized stock-based compensation expense is expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of 3.1 years. The total unrecognized stock-based compensation expense to be recognized in future periods as of June 30, 2016 does not consider the effect of stock-based awards that may be granted in subsequent periods.

Stock Options

The Company granted 131,816 and 1,432,597 stock options during the six months ended June 30, 2016 and 2015, respectively. The fair value of each stock option award was estimated based on the assumptions below as of the grant date using the Black-Scholes-Merton option pricing model. Expected volatilities are based on a combination of the historical and implied volatilities of comparable publicly-traded companies and the historical volatility of the Company’s own common stock due to its limited trading history as there was no active external or internal market for the Company’s common stock prior to the Company’s initial public offering in April 2014. The Company uses historical data to estimate option exercises and employee terminations within the valuation model. Separate groups of employees that have similar historical exercise behavior are considered separately for valuation purposes. The expected term of the award is estimated using a simplified method. The risk-free rate for the period within the contractual life of the option is based on the U.S. Treasury yield curve in effect at the time of grant. The assumptions used to determine the fair value of the stock options granted during the six months ended June 30, 2016 and 2015 were as follows: 

Stock option awards as of December 31, 2015 and June 30, 2016, and changes during the six months ended June 30, 2016, were as follows:

The aggregate intrinsic value in the table above represents the total pre-tax intrinsic value (the difference between the fair value of the common stock and the exercise price, multiplied by the number of in-the-money options) that would have been received by the option holders had all option holders exercised their in-the-money options on each date. This amount will change in future periods based on the fair value of the Company’s stock and the number of options outstanding. The aggregate intrinsic value of awards exercised during the three months ended June 30, 2016 and 2015 was $10.3 million and $28.2 million, respectively. The aggregate intrinsic value of awards exercised during the six months ended June 30, 2016 and 2015 was $13.1 million and $78.0 million, respectively.

The Company recorded compensation expense for stock options of $3.3 million and $2.7 million for the three months ended June 30, 2016 and 2015, respectively, and $7.0 million and $5.5 million for the six months ended June 30, 2016 and 2015, respectively. As of June 30, 2016, total unrecognized compensation cost, adjusted for estimated forfeitures, related to non-vested stock options was $22.8 million and is expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of 2.8 years.

Restricted Stock Units and Restricted Stock Awards

Non-vested restricted stock units and restricted stock awards as of December 31, 2015 and June 30, 2016, and changes during the six months ended June 30, 2016 were as follows:

Compensation expense recognized related to restricted stock awards was $0.5 million during the three months ended June 30, 2015, and $1.7 million and $0.7 million during the six months ended June 30, 2016 and 2015, respectively. There were no non-vested restricted stock awards or related expense during the three months ended June 30, 2016. During the three and six months ended June 30, 2016, compensation expense related to restricted stock units was $2.2 million and $3.7 million, respectively. Compensation expense related to restricted stock units was $0.1 million for both the three and six months ended June 30, 2015. The aggregate fair value as of the vest date of restricted stock units that vested during the three months ended June 30, 2016 was $0.7 million. The aggregate fair value as of the vest date of restricted stock awards and restricted stock units that vested during the six months ended June 30, 2016 was $1.7 million and $0.8 million, respectively. As of June 30, 2016, $25.2 million of total unrecognized compensation cost, adjusted for estimated forfeitures, related to 1,520,731 non-vested restricted stock units with weighted-average grant date fair values of $26.21 is expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of 3.4 years. As of June 30, 2016, there were no remaining non-vested restricted stock awards or related unrecognized compensation cost. The fair value of these awards was determined based on the Company’s stock price at the grant date and assumes no expected dividend payments through the vesting period.

10. Income Taxes

During the six months ended June 30, 2016, the Illinois Department of Revenue completed an audit of the Company’s corporate income tax returns for the tax years ended December 31, 2013 and 2012 and proposed no changes. The Company does not expect any additional tax liabilities, penalties and/or interest as a result of the audit.

11. Stockholders’ Equity

As of June 30, 2016 and December 31, 2015, the Company was authorized to issue two classes of stock: common stock and Series A Preferred Stock.

Common Stock

Each holder of common stock has one vote per share of common stock held on all matters that are submitted for stockholder vote. At June 30, 2016 and December 31, 2015, there were 500,000,000 shares of common stock authorized. At June 30, 2016 and December 31, 2015, there were 84,888,344 and 84,979,869 shares issued and outstanding, respectively. The Company did not hold any shares as treasury shares as of June 30, 2016 or December 31, 2015.

On January 22, 2016, the Company’s Board of Directors approved a program that authorizes the repurchase of up to $100 million of the Company’s common stock exclusive of any fees, commissions or other expenses relating to such repurchases through open market purchases or privately negotiated transactions at the prevailing market price at the time of purchase. The repurchase program was announced on January 25, 2016. The repurchased stock may be retired or held as authorized but unissued treasury shares. The repurchase authorizations do not obligate the Company to acquire any particular amount of common stock or adopt any particular method of repurchase and may be modified, suspended or terminated at any time at management’s discretion. Repurchased and retired shares will result in an immediate reduction of the outstanding shares used to calculate the weighted-average common shares outstanding for basic and diluted net income per share at the time of the transaction. During the six months ended June 30, 2016, the Company repurchased and retired 724,473 shares of its common stock at a weighted-average share price of $20.37, or an aggregate of $14.8 million.

Series A Preferred Stock

The Company was authorized to issue 25,000,000 shares of preferred stock. There were no issued or outstanding shares of preferred stock as of June 30, 2016 or December 31, 2015.

The Company’s equity as of December 31, 2015 and June 30, 2016, and changes during the six months ended June 30, 2016, were as follows:

12. Earnings Per Share Attributable to Common Stockholders

Basic earnings per share is computed by dividing net income attributable to common stockholders by the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding during the period without consideration for common stock equivalents. Diluted net income per share attributable to common stockholders is computed by dividing net income by the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding during the period and potentially dilutive common stock equivalents, including stock options, restricted stock units and restricted stock awards, except in cases where the effect of the common stock equivalent would be antidilutive. Potential common stock equivalents consist of common stock issuable upon exercise of stock options and vesting of restricted stock units and restricted stock awards using the treasury stock method.

The following tables present the calculation of basic and diluted net income per share attributable to common stockholders for the three and six months ended June 30, 2016 and 2015:

During the six months ended June 30, 2016, the Company repurchased and retired 724,473 shares of its common stock. The repurchases resulted in a reduction of the outstanding shares used to calculate the weighted-average common shares outstanding for basic and diluted net earnings per share from the dates of the repurchases. See Note 11, Stockholders’ Equity, for additional details.

The number of shares of common stock underlying stock-based awards excluded from the calculation of diluted net income per share attributable to common stockholders because their effect would have been antidilutive for the three and six months ended June 30, 2016 and 2015 were as follows:  

13. Fair Value Measurement

Certain assets and liabilities are required to be recorded at fair value on a recurring basis. Accounting standards define fair value as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability (an exit price) in the principal or most advantageous market in an orderly transaction between market participants on the measurement date. The standards also establish a fair value hierarchy, which requires an entity to maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs when measuring fair value.

The accounting guidance for fair value measurements prioritizes valuation methodologies based on the reliability of the inputs in the following three-tier value hierarchy:

The Company applied the following methods and assumptions in estimating its fair value measurements: the Company’s commercial paper, investments in corporate and U.S. government agency bonds and certain money market funds are classified as Level 2 within the fair value hierarchy because they are valued using inputs other than quoted prices in active markets that are observable directly or indirectly. Accounts receivable and accounts payable approximate fair value due to their generally short-term maturities.

The following table presents the balances of assets measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of June 30, 2016 and December 31, 2015:

In addition to assets and liabilities that are recorded at fair value on a recurring basis, the Company is required to record certain assets and liabilities at fair value on a nonrecurring basis, generally as a result of acquisitions. See Note 3, Acquisitions, for further discussion of the fair value of assets and liabilities associated with acquisitions.

Basis of Presentation

The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated interim financial statements include the accounts of Grubhub Inc. and have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”) for interim financial information and in accordance with the rules and regulations of the United States Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”). Accordingly, they do not include all of the information and footnotes required by GAAP for complete financial statements. These unaudited condensed consolidated interim financial statements include all wholly-owned subsidiaries and reflect all normal and recurring adjustments, as well as any other than normal adjustments, that are, in the opinion of management, necessary for a fair presentation of the results for the interim periods and should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2015 filed with the SEC on February 26, 2016 (the “2015 Form 10-K”). All significant intercompany transactions have been eliminated in consolidation. Operating results for the three and six months ended June 30, 2016 are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for the fiscal year ending December 31, 2016.

Use of Estimates

The preparation of condensed consolidated financial statements in accordance with GAAP requires management to make certain estimates, judgments and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and the related disclosures at the date of the financial statements, as well as the reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the periods presented. Estimates include revenue recognition, the allowance for doubtful accounts, website and internal-use software development costs, goodwill, depreciable lives of property and equipment, recoverability of intangible assets with definite lives and other long-lived assets, stock-based compensation and income taxes. Actual results could differ from these estimates.

There have been no material changes to the Company’s significant accounting policies described in the 2015 Form 10-K.

Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements

In June 2016, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (the “FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Update No. 2016-13, “Financial Instruments—Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments” (“ASU 2016-13”). ASU 2016-13 introduces a new forward-looking approach, based on expected losses, to estimate credit losses on certain types of financial instruments, including trade receivables and held-to-maturity debt securities, which will require entities to incorporate considerations of historical information, current information and reasonable and supportable forecasts. This ASU also expands disclosure requirements. ASU 2016-13 is effective for the Company beginning the first quarter of 2020 with early adoption permitted. The guidance will be applied using the modified-retrospective approach. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of adoption of ASU 2016-13 on its consolidated financial statements.

In March 2016, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update No. 2016-09, “Compensation—Stock Compensation (Topic 718): Improvements to Employee Share-Based Payment Accounting” (“ASU 2016-09”), which simplifies several aspects of the accounting for share-based payment transactions. Under ASU 2016-09, excess tax benefits and tax deficiencies are recognized as income tax expense or benefit in the income statement. ASU 2016-09 also provides entities with the option to elect an accounting policy to continue to estimate forfeitures of stock-based awards over the service period (current GAAP) or account for forfeitures when they occur. Under ASU 2016-09, previously unrecognized excess tax benefits should be recognized using a modified retrospective transition. In addition, amendments requiring recognition of excess tax benefits and tax deficiencies in the income statement, as well as changes in the computation of weighted-average diluted shares outstanding, should be applied prospectively. The Company believes the most significant impact of the adoption of ASU 2016-09 to the Company’s consolidated financial statements will be to recognize certain tax benefits or tax shortfalls upon a restricted-stock award or unit vesting or stock option exercise relative to the deferred tax asset position established in the provision for income taxes line of the consolidated statement of operations instead of to consolidated stockholders’ equity. During the six months ended June 30, 2016, and the years ended 2015 and 2014, the Company recorded $18.8 million, $27.8 million and $13.0 million to consolidated stockholders’ equity as tax benefits related to stock-based compensation, respectively. ASU 2016-09 is effective beginning in the first quarter of 2017 with early adoption permitted. The Company plans to adopt ASU 2016-09 during the first quarter of 2017.

In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-02 “Leases (Topic 842)” (“ASU 2016-02”). Under ASU 2016-02, a lessee will recognize in the statement of financial position a liability to make lease payments (the lease liability) and a right-of-use asset for all leases (with the exception of short-term leases) at the commencement date. The recognition, measurement, and presentation of expenses and cash flows arising from a lease under ASU 2016-02 will not significantly change from current GAAP. ASU 2016-02 is effective beginning in the first quarter of 2019 with early adoption permitted. The Company will be required to recognize and measure leases at the beginning of the earliest period presented using a modified retrospective approach. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of adoption of ASU 2016-02 on its consolidated financial statements, but anticipates that it will result in a significant increase in its long-term assets and liabilities and minimal impact to its results of operations and cash flows.

In September 2015, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update No. 2015-16, “Business Combinations (Topic 805): Simplifying the Accounting for Measurement-Period Adjustments” (“ASU 2015-16”), which eliminates the requirement to account for adjustments identified during the measurement-period in a business combination retrospectively. Instead, the acquirer must recognize measurement-period adjustments during the period in which they are identified, including the effect on earnings of any amounts that would have been recorded in previous periods had the purchase accounting been completed at the acquisition date. ASU 2015-16 was effective for and adopted by the Company in the first quarter of 2016. The adoption of ASU 2015-16 eliminates costs related to retrospective application of any measurement-period adjustments that may be identified, but has not had a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial position, results of operations or cash flows.     

In April 2015, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update 2015-05, “Intangibles -Goodwill and Other – Internal Use Software (Subtopic 350-40): Customer’s Accounting for Fees Paid in a Cloud Computing Arrangement” (“ASU 2015-05”), which provides guidance on accounting for fees paid in a cloud computing arrangement. Under ASU 2015-05, if a cloud computing arrangement includes a software license, the software license element should be accounted for consistent with the purchase of other software licenses. If the cloud computing arrangement does not include a software license, it should be accounted for as a service contract. ASU 2015-05 was effective for and adopted by the Company in the first quarter of 2016. The Company elected to apply ASU 2015-05 prospectively; however, its adoption did not have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial position, results of operations or cash flows.

In April 2015, the FASB issued ASU No. 2015-03, “Interest - Imputation of Interest (Subtopic 835-30): Simplifying the Presentation of Debt Issuance Costs” (“ASU 2015-03”). ASU 2015-03 simplifies the presentation of debt issuance costs by requiring that debt issuance costs related to a recognized debt liability be presented in the balance sheet as a direct deduction from the carrying amount of that debt liability, consistent with debt discounts. Under the previous practice, debt issuance costs were recognized as a deferred charge (that is, an asset). The recognition and measurement guidance for debt issuance costs are not affected by the amendments in this ASU. In August 2015, the FASB issued ASU 2015-15 “Interest - Imputed Interest (Subtopic 835-30): Presentation and Subsequent Measurement of Debt Issuance Costs Associated with Line-of-Credit Arrangements” (“ASU 2015-15”), which clarifies that the guidance in ASU 2015-03 does not apply to line-of-credit arrangements. According to ASU 2015-15, debt issuance costs related to line-of-credit arrangements will continue to be deferred and presented as an asset and subsequently amortized ratably over the term of the arrangement. The amendments in ASU 2015-03 and clarifications of ASU 2015-15 are effective for the Company in the first quarter of 2016. The Company entered into a credit agreement on April 29, 2016 (see Note 8, Debt, for additional details). The adoption of the ASUs will not have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial position, results of operations or cash flows.

In May 2014, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update No. 2014-09, “Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606)” (“ASU 2014-09”), which supersedes the revenue recognition requirements in Topic 605, Revenue Recognition, including most industry-specific requirements. ASU 2014-09 establishes a five-step revenue recognition process in which an entity will recognize revenue when it transfers promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the company expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services. ASU 2014-09 also requires enhanced disclosures regarding the nature, amount, timing and uncertainty of revenues and cash flows from contracts with customers. In August 2015, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update 2015-14, “Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606): Deferral of the Effective Date”, which defers the effective date of ASU 2014-09 by one year. In March 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-08, “Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606): Principal versus Agent Considerations (Reporting Revenue Gross versus Net)” (“ASU 2016-08”), which clarifies the implementation guidance on principal versus agent considerations in the new revenue recognition standard. ASU 2016-08 clarifies how an entity should identify the unit of accounting (i.e. the specified good or service) for the principal versus agent evaluation and how it should apply the control principle to certain types of arrangements. In April 2016, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update No. 2016-10, “Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606): Identifying Performance Obligations and Licensing” (“ASU 2016-10”), which clarifies the implementation guidance on identifying performance obligations and licensing. ASU 2016-10 reduces the cost and complexity of identifying promised goods or services and improves the guidance for determining whether promises are separately identifiable. In May 2016, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update No. 2016-12, “Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606): Narrow-Scope Improvements and Practical Expedients” (“ASU 2016-12”), which amends the guidance in the new revenue standard on collectability, non-cash consideration, presentation of sales tax, and transition. ASU 2014-09, ASU 2016-08, ASU 2016-10 and ASU 2016-12 will be effective for the Company in the first quarter of 2018. Management is currently evaluating the impact the adoption of these ASUs will have on the Company’s consolidated financial position, results of operations or cash flows. The Company currently anticipates applying the modified retrospective approach when adopting these ASUs.

The following table summarizes the preliminary purchase price allocation acquisition-date fair values of the assets and liabilities acquired in connection with the LABite acquisition: 

The following table summarizes the final purchase price allocation acquisition-date fair values of the assets and liabilities acquired in connection with the DiningIn, Restaurants on the Run and Delivered Dish acquisitions: 

The following unaudited pro forma information presents a summary of the operating results of the Company for the three and six months ended June 30, 2016 and 2015 as if the acquisitions had occurred as of January 1 of the year prior to acquisition:

The pro forma adjustments reflect the amortization that would have been recognized for intangible assets, elimination of transaction costs incurred and pro forma tax adjustments for three and six months ended June 30, 2016 and 2015 as follows:

The amortized cost, unrealized gains and losses and estimated fair value of the Company’s held-to-maturity marketable securities as of June 30, 2016 and December 31, 2015 were as follows: