BLUE BIRD CORP, 10-K filed on 12/12/2022
Annual Report
v3.22.2.2
Cover Page - USD ($)
$ in Millions
12 Months Ended
Oct. 01, 2022
Dec. 07, 2022
Cover [Abstract]    
Document Type 10-K  
Document Annual Report true  
Document Period End Date Oct. 01, 2022  
Current Fiscal Year End Date --10-01  
Document Transition Report false  
Entity File Number 001-36267  
Entity Registrant Name BLUE BIRD CORPORATION  
Document Fiscal Year Focus 2022  
Document Fiscal Period Focus FY  
Amendment Flag false  
Entity Central Index Key 0001589526  
Entity Incorporation, State or Country Code DE  
Entity Tax Identification Number 46-3891989  
Entity Address, Address Line One 3920 Arkwright Road  
Entity Address, Address Line Two 2nd Floor  
Entity Address, City or Town Macon  
Entity Address, State or Province GA  
Entity Address, Postal Zip Code 31210  
City Area Code 478  
Local Phone Number 822-2801  
Title of 12(b) Security Common stock, $0.0001 par value  
Trading Symbol BLBD  
Security Exchange Name NASDAQ  
Entity Well-known Seasoned Issuer No  
Entity Voluntary Filers No  
Entity Current Reporting Status Yes  
Entity Interactive Data Current Yes  
Entity Filer Category Accelerated Filer  
Entity Small Business false  
Entity Emerging Growth Company false  
ICFR Auditor Attestation Flag true  
Entity Shell Company false  
Entity Public Float $ 329.4  
Entity Common Stock, Shares Outstanding   32,024,911
Documents Incorporated by Reference Portions of the Registrant’s definitive proxy statement to be delivered to stockholders in connection with the Registrant’s 2023 Annual Meeting of Stockholders are incorporated by reference in response to Part III of this report.  
v3.22.2.2
Audit Information
12 Months Ended
Oct. 01, 2022
Audit Information [Abstract]  
Auditor Firm ID 243
Auditor Name BDO USA, LLP
Auditor Location Atlanta, Georgia
v3.22.2.2
Consolidated Balance Sheets - USD ($)
$ in Thousands
Oct. 01, 2022
Oct. 02, 2021
Current assets    
Cash and cash equivalents $ 10,479 $ 11,709
Accounts receivable, net 12,534 9,967
Inventories 142,977 125,206
Other current assets 8,486 9,191
Total current assets 174,476 156,073
Property, plant and equipment, net 100,608 105,482
Goodwill 18,825 18,825
Intangible assets, net 47,433 49,443
Equity investment in affiliate 10,659 14,817
Deferred tax assets 10,907 4,413
Finance lease right-of-use assets 1,736 5,486
Other assets 1,482 1,481
Total assets 366,126 356,020
Current liabilities    
Accounts payable 107,937 72,270
Warranty 6,685 7,385
Accrued expenses 16,386 12,267
Deferred warranty income 7,205 7,832
Finance lease obligations 566 1,327
Other current liabilities 6,195 8,851
Current portion of long-term debt 19,800 14,850
Total current liabilities 164,774 124,782
Long-term liabilities    
Revolving credit facility 20,000 45,000
Long-term debt 130,390 149,573
Warranty 9,285 11,165
Deferred warranty income 11,590 12,312
Deferred tax liabilities 0 3,673
Finance lease obligations 1,574 4,538
Other liabilities 11,107 14,882
Pension 16,024 22,751
Total long-term liabilities 199,970 263,894
Guarantees, commitments and contingencies (Note 10)
Stockholders' equity (deficit)    
Preferred stock, $0.0001 par value, 10,000,000 shares authorized, 0 issued with liquidation preference of $0 at October 1, 2022 and October 2, 2021 0 0
Common stock, $0.0001 par value, 100,000,000 shares authorized, 32,024,911 and 27,205,269 shares outstanding at October 1, 2022 and October 2, 2021, respectively 3 3
Additional paid-in capital 173,103 96,170
Accumulated deficit (79,512) (33,753)
Accumulated other comprehensive loss (41,930) (44,794)
Treasury stock, at cost, 1,782,568 shares at October 1, 2022 and October 2, 2021 (50,282) (50,282)
Total stockholders' equity (deficit) 1,382 (32,656)
Total liabilities and stockholders' equity (deficit) $ 366,126 $ 356,020
v3.22.2.2
Consolidated Balance Sheets (Parenthetical) - USD ($)
$ in Thousands
Oct. 01, 2022
Oct. 02, 2021
Statement of Financial Position [Abstract]    
Preferred stock, par value (in dollars per share) $ 0.0001 $ 0.0001
Preferred stock, shares authorized (in shares) 10,000,000 10,000,000
Preferred stock, shares issued (in shares) 0 0
Preferred stock, liquidation preference $ 0 $ 0
Common stock, par value (in dollars per share) $ 0.0001 $ 0.0001
Common stock, shares authorized (in shares) 100,000,000 100,000,000
Common stock, shares outstanding (in shares) 32,024,911 27,205,269
Treasury stock, at cost (in shares) 1,782,568 1,782,568
v3.22.2.2
Consolidated Statements of Operations - USD ($)
$ in Thousands
12 Months Ended
Oct. 01, 2022
Oct. 02, 2021
Oct. 03, 2020
Income Statement [Abstract]      
Net sales $ 800,637 $ 683,995 $ 879,221
Cost of goods sold 764,091 611,854 783,021
Gross profit 36,546 72,141 96,200
Operating expenses      
Selling, general and administrative expenses 77,246 65,619 74,206
Operating (loss) profit (40,700) 6,522 21,994
Interest expense (14,675) (9,682) (12,252)
Interest income 9 4 11
Other income, net 2,947 1,776 738
Loss on debt modification (632) (598) 0
(Loss) income before income taxes (53,051) (1,978) 10,491
Income tax benefit (expense) 11,451 1,191 (1,519)
Equity in net (loss) income of non-consolidated affiliate (4,159) 498 3,213
Net (loss) income $ (45,759) $ (289) $ 12,185
(Loss) earnings per share:      
Basic weighted average shares outstanding (in shares) 31,020,399 27,139,054 26,850,999
Diluted weighted average shares outstanding (in shares) 31,020,399 27,139,054 27,086,555
Basic earnings per share (in dollars per share) $ (1.48) $ (0.01) $ 0.45
Diluted earnings per share (in dollars per share) $ (1.48) $ (0.01) $ 0.45
v3.22.2.2
Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income - USD ($)
$ in Thousands
12 Months Ended
Oct. 01, 2022
Oct. 02, 2021
Oct. 03, 2020
Statement of Comprehensive Income [Abstract]      
Net (loss) income $ (45,759) $ (289) $ 12,185
Net change in defined benefit pension plan 2,864 13,603 (2,243)
Total other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax 2,864 13,603 (2,243)
Comprehensive (loss) income $ (42,895) $ 13,314 $ 9,942
v3.22.2.2
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows - USD ($)
$ in Thousands
12 Months Ended
Oct. 01, 2022
Oct. 02, 2021
Oct. 03, 2020
Cash flows from operating activities      
Net (loss) income $ (45,759) $ (289) $ 12,185
Adjustments to reconcile net (loss) income to net cash provided by (used in) operating activities:      
Depreciation and amortization expense 14,050 13,446 14,400
Non-cash interest expense 3,400 2,754 3,651
Share-based compensation expense 3,690 5,938 4,141
Equity in net loss (income) of non-consolidated affiliate 4,159 (498) (3,213)
Loss (gain) on disposal of fixed assets 15 (679) (76)
Impairment of fixed assets 1,354 0 0
Lower of cost or net realizable value loss 8,752 0 0
Deferred income tax (benefit) expense (11,071) (925) 29
Amortization of deferred actuarial pension losses 3,768 1,861 1,720
Loss on debt modification 632 598 0
Changes in assets and liabilities:      
Accounts receivable (2,567) (2,345) 2,914
Inventories (26,523) (68,684) 22,308
Other assets 1,913 (409) 5,068
Accounts payable 35,075 14,081 (40,258)
Accrued expenses, pension and other liabilities (15,325) (19,090) (19,410)
Total adjustments 21,322 (53,952) (8,726)
Total cash (used in) provided by operating activities (24,437) (54,241) 3,459
Cash flows from investing activities      
Cash paid for fixed assets (6,453) (12,212) (18,968)
Proceeds from sale of fixed assets 0 903 165
Total cash used in investing activities (6,453) (11,309) (18,803)
Cash flows from financing activities      
Proceeds from lines of credit 135,000 117,000 199,000
Revolving credit facility repayments (160,000) (72,000) (199,000)
Term loan repayments (14,850) (9,900) (9,900)
Principal payments on finance leases (1,132) (1,294) (945)
Cash paid for debt costs (2,751) (2,476) (935)
Sale of common stock (Note 13) 75,000 0 0
Cash paid for common stock issuance costs 202 0 0
Proceeds from exercises of warrants 0 0 4,240
Repurchase of common stock in connection with stock award exercises 1,708 517 3,568
Cash received from stock option exercises 303 1,939 0
Total cash provided by (used in) financing activities 29,660 32,752 (11,108)
Change in cash and cash equivalents (1,230) (32,798) (26,452)
Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of year 11,709 44,507 70,959
Cash and cash equivalents, end of year 10,479 11,709 44,507
Supplemental disclosures of cash flow information      
Interest paid, net of interest received 15,171 11,568 7,591
Income tax (received) paid, net of tax refunds (79) 31 (1,542)
Non-cash investing and financing activities:      
Accrued capital additions to property, plant and equipment and other current assets for capitalized intangible assets 948 587 (5,422)
Cashless exercise of stock options 0 2,299 5,246
Right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for operating lease obligations 1,424 62 0
Right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for finance lease obligations 0 0 3,496
Finance lease right-of-use assets removed due to non-renewal of lease (2,451) 0 0
Finance lease obligations removed due to non-renewal of lease $ 2,593 $ 0 $ 0
v3.22.2.2
Consolidated Statement of Stockholders' Deficit - USD ($)
$ in Thousands
Total
Common Stock
Additional Paid-In-Capital
Convertible Preferred Stock
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss
Accumulated Deficit
Treasury Stock
Beginning Balance (in shares) at Sep. 28, 2019   26,476,336   0     1,782,568
Beginning Balance at Sep. 28, 2019 $ (67,811) $ 3 $ 84,271 $ 0 $ (56,154) $ (45,649) $ (50,282)
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]              
Share-based compensation expense 3,967   3,967        
Exercise of stock warrants (in shares)   368,712          
Exercise of stock warrants 4,240 $ 0 4,240        
Restricted stock activity (in shares)   94,724          
Restricted stock activity (1,623)   (1,623)        
Exercise of stock options, cashless (in shares)   108,632          
Stock option activity (1,945)   (1,945)        
Net (loss) income 12,185         12,185  
Other comprehensive loss, net of tax (2,243)       (2,243)    
Ending Balance (in shares) at Oct. 03, 2020   27,048,404   0     1,782,568
Ending Balance at Oct. 03, 2020 (53,230) $ 3 88,910 $ 0 (58,397) (33,464) $ (50,282)
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]              
Share-based compensation expense 5,838   5,838        
Restricted stock activity (in shares)   36,404          
Restricted stock activity (517)   (517)        
Exercise of stock options, cashless (in shares)   120,461          
Stock option activity 1,939   1,939        
Net (loss) income (289)         (289)  
Other comprehensive loss, net of tax 13,603       13,603    
Ending Balance (in shares) at Oct. 02, 2021   27,205,269   0     1,782,568
Ending Balance at Oct. 02, 2021 (32,656) $ 3 96,170 $ 0 (44,794) (33,753) $ (50,282)
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]              
Share-based compensation expense 3,539   3,539        
Restricted stock activity (in shares)   116,556          
Restricted stock activity $ (1,688)   (1,688)        
Exercise of stock options, cashless (in shares) 15,586 15,586          
Stock option activity $ 284   284        
Net (loss) income (45,759)         (45,759)  
Other comprehensive loss, net of tax 2,864       2,864    
Private placement (Note 13) (in shares)   4,687,500          
Private placement (Note 13) 74,798   74,798        
Ending Balance (in shares) at Oct. 01, 2022   32,024,911   0     1,782,568
Ending Balance at Oct. 01, 2022 $ 1,382 $ 3 $ 173,103 $ 0 $ (41,930) $ (79,512) $ (50,282)
v3.22.2.2
Nature of Business and Basis of Presentation
12 Months Ended
Oct. 01, 2022
Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements [Abstract]  
Nature of Business and Basis of Presentation
1. Nature of Business and Basis of Presentation

Nature of Business

Blue Bird Body Company ("BBBC"), a wholly-owned subsidiary of Blue Bird Corporation, was incorporated in 1958 and has manufactured, assembled and sold school buses to a variety of municipal, federal and commercial customers since 1927. The majority of BBBC’s sales are made to an independent dealer network, which in turn sells buses to ultimate end users. References in these notes to financial statements to “Blue Bird,” the “Company,” “we,” “our,” or “us” refer to Blue Bird Corporation and its wholly-owned subsidiaries, unless the context specifically indicates otherwise. We are headquartered in Macon, Georgia.

Basis of Presentation

The accompanying consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and its wholly-owned subsidiaries. All significant inter-company transactions and accounts have been eliminated in consolidation.

The Company’s fiscal year ends on the Saturday closest to September 30 with its quarters consisting of thirteen weeks in most years. The fiscal years ended October 1, 2022, October 2, 2021 and October 3, 2020 are referred to herein as “fiscal 2022,” “fiscal 2021” and “fiscal 2020,” respectively. There were 52 weeks in fiscal 2022 and fiscal 2021, and there were 53 weeks in fiscal 2020.
v3.22.2.2
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies and Recently Issued Accounting Standards
12 Months Ended
Oct. 01, 2022
Accounting Policies [Abstract]  
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies and Recently Issued Accounting Standards Summary of Significant Accounting Policies and Recently Issued Accounting Standards
Use of Estimates and Assumptions

The preparation of financial statements in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the U.S. (“U.S. GAAP”) requires management to make estimates and assumptions. At the date of the financial statements, these estimates and assumptions affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosures of contingent assets and liabilities, and during the reporting period, these estimates and assumptions affect the reported amounts of revenues and expenses. For example, significant management judgments are required in determining excess, obsolete, or unsalable inventory, allowance for doubtful accounts, potential impairment of long-lived assets, goodwill and intangible assets, the accounting for self-insurance reserves, warranty reserves, pension obligations, income taxes, environmental liabilities and contingencies. Future events, including the extent and duration of any COVID-19 outbreaks and continued supply chain constraints and their related economic impacts, and their effects cannot be predicted with certainty, and, accordingly, the Company’s accounting estimates require the exercise of judgment. The accounting estimates used in the preparation of the Company’s consolidated financial statements may change as new events occur, as more experience is acquired, as additional information is obtained and as the Company’s operating environment changes. The Company evaluates and updates its assumptions and estimates on an ongoing basis and may employ outside experts to assist in the Company’s evaluations. Actual results could differ from the estimates that the Company has used.

Cash and Cash Equivalents

The Company considers all highly liquid investments purchased with an original maturity of three months or less to be cash equivalents. 

Allowance for Doubtful Accounts

Accounts receivable consist of amounts owed to the Company by customers. The Company monitors collections and payments from customers, and generally does not require collateral. Accounts receivable are generally due within 30 to 90 days. The Company provides for the possible inability to collect accounts receivable by recording an allowance for doubtful accounts. The Company reserves for an account when it is considered potentially uncollectible. The Company estimates its allowance for doubtful accounts based on historical experience, aging of accounts receivable and information regarding the creditworthiness of its customers. To date, losses have been within the range of management’s expectations. The Company writes off accounts receivable if it determines that the account is uncollectible.

Revenue Recognition

The Company records revenue when the following five steps have been completed:

1.Identification of the contract(s) with a customer;
2.Identification of the performance obligation(s) in the contract;
3.Determination of the transaction price;
4.Allocation of the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract; and
5.Recognition of revenue, when, or as, we satisfy performance obligations.

The Company records revenue when performance obligations are satisfied by transferring control of a promised good or service to the customer. The Company evaluates the transfer of control primarily from the customer’s perspective where the customer has the ability to direct the use of, and obtain substantially all of the remaining benefits from, that good or service.

Our product revenue includes sales of buses and bus parts, each of which are generally recognized as revenue at a point in time, once all conditions for revenue recognition have been met, as they represent our performance obligations in a sale. For buses, control is generally transferred and the customer has the ability to direct the use of and obtain substantially all of the remaining benefits of the product when the product is delivered or when the product has been completed, is ready for delivery, has been paid for, its title has transferred and it is awaiting pickup by the customer. For certain bus sale transactions, we may provide incentives including payment of a limited amount of future interest charges our customers may incur related to their purchase and financing of the bus with third party financing companies. We reduce revenue at the recording date by the full amount of potential future interest we may be obligated to pay, which is an application of the "most likely amount" method. For parts sales, control is generally transferred when the customer has the ability to direct the use of and obtain substantially all of the remaining benefits of the products, which generally coincides with the point in time when the customer has assumed risk of loss and title has passed for the goods sold.
The Company sells extended warranties related to its products. Revenue related to these contracts is recognized based on the stand-alone selling price of the arrangement, on a straight-line basis over the contract period, and costs thereunder are expensed as incurred.

The Company includes shipping and handling revenues, which are costs billed to customers, in net sales on the Consolidated Statements of Operations. Shipping and handling costs incurred are included in cost of goods sold.

See Note 12, Revenue, for further revenue information. See Note 3, Supplemental Financial Information, for further information on warranties.

Self-Insurance

The Company is self-insured for the majority of its workers’ compensation and medical claims. The expected ultimate cost for claims incurred as of the balance sheet date is not discounted and is recognized as a liability. Self-insurance losses for claims filed and claims incurred but not reported are accrued based upon estimates of the aggregate liability for uninsured claims, using loss development factors and actuarial assumptions followed in the insurance industry and historical loss development experience. See Note 3, Supplemental Financial Information, and Note 16, Benefit Plans, for further information.

Financial Instruments

The Company’s financial instruments consist primarily of cash and cash equivalents, trade receivables, accounts payable, revolving credit facility and long-term debt. The carrying amounts of cash and cash equivalents, trade receivables and accounts payable approximate their fair values because of the short-term maturity and highly liquid nature of these instruments. The carrying value of the Company’s revolving credit facility and long-term debt approximates fair value due to the variable rates of interest, which reset frequently, relating to these debt instruments. See Note 8, Debt, for further discussion.

Derivative Instruments

In limited circumstances, we may utilize derivative instruments to manage certain exposures to changes in foreign currency exchange rates or interest rates relating to variable rate debt. The fair values of all derivative instruments are recognized as assets or liabilities at the balance sheet date. Changes in the fair value of these derivative instruments are recognized in our operating results or included in other comprehensive income (loss), depending on whether the derivative instrument qualifies, and is appropriately designated, for hedge accounting treatment and if so, whether it represents a fair value or cash flow hedge. Gains and losses on derivative instruments are recognized in the operating results line item that reflects the underlying exposure that was mitigated either via a formal hedge accounting relationship or economically.

Inventories

The Company values inventories at the lower of cost or net realizable value. The Company uses a standard costing methodology, which approximates cost on a first-in, first-out (“FIFO”) basis. The Company reviews the standard costs of raw materials, work-in-process and finished goods inventory on a periodic basis to ensure that its inventories approximate current actual costs. Manufacturing cost includes raw materials, direct labor and manufacturing overhead. Obsolete inventory amounts are based on historical usage and assumptions about future demand.

Property, Plant and Equipment

Property, plant and equipment are stated at cost, less accumulated depreciation and amortization. Depreciation and amortization is calculated on a straight-line basis using the following periods, which represent the estimated useful lives of the assets:
Years
Buildings15 - 33
Machinery and equipment5 - 10
Office furniture, equipment and other3 - 10
Computer equipment and software3 - 7
Costs, including capitalized interest and certain design, construction and installation costs related to assets that are under construction and are in the process of being readied for their intended use, are recorded as construction in progress and are not depreciated until such time as the subject asset is placed in service. Repairs and maintenance that do not extend the useful life of the asset are expensed as incurred. Upon sale, retirement, or other disposition of these assets, the costs and related accumulated depreciation are removed from the respective accounts and any gain or loss on the disposition is included on our Consolidated Statements of Operations.

Leases

We determine if an arrangement is or contains a lease at inception. The Company enters into lease arrangements primarily for office space, warehouse space, or a combination of both. We elected to account for leases with initial terms of 12 months or less by recording operating lease expense on a straight-line basis instead of recording lease assets or liabilities. For a lease with an initial term greater than 12 months, the Company records a right-of-use (“ROU”) asset and lease liability on the Consolidated Balance Sheets. ROU assets represent our right to use an underlying asset for the lease term and lease liabilities represent our obligation to make lease payments arising from the lease.

We determine whether the lease is an operating or finance lease at inception based on the information and expectations for the lease at that time. Operating lease ROU assets are included in property, plant and equipment and the lease liabilities are included in other current liabilities and other liabilities on our Consolidated Balance Sheets. Finance lease ROU assets are included in finance lease right-of-use assets and the lease liabilities are included in finance lease obligations (current) and finance lease obligations (long-term) on our Consolidated Balance Sheets.

Lease ROU assets and liabilities are recorded at commencement date based on the present value of lease payments over the lease term. As the leases recorded typically do not provide an implicit rate, we use our incremental borrowing rate based on the information available at commencement date in determining the present value of lease payments. Our lease terms may include options to extend or terminate the lease when it is reasonably certain that we will exercise that option. Operating lease ROU assets also include any base rental or lease payments made and exclude lease incentives.

The two components of operating lease expense, amortization and interest, are recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term as a single expense element within selling, general and administrative expenses on the Consolidated Statements of Operations. Under the finance lease model, interest on the lease liability is recognized in interest expense and amortization of ROU assets is recorded on the Consolidated Statements of Operations based on the underlying use of the assets.

Impairment of Long-Lived Assets

The Company reviews its long-lived assets, including property, plant and equipment, for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable. If we are required to analyze recoverability based on a triggering event, undiscounted future cash flows over the estimated remaining life of the asset, or asset group, are projected. If these projected cash flows are less than the carrying amount, an impairment loss is recognized to the extent the fair value of the asset less any costs of disposition is less than the carrying amount of the asset. Judgments regarding the existence of impairment indicators are based on market and operational performance. Evaluating potential impairment also requires estimates of future operating results and cash flows.

Goodwill and Intangible Assets

Goodwill represents the excess of the purchase price of acquired businesses over the fair value of the assets acquired less liabilities assumed in connection with such acquisition. In accordance with the provisions of Accounting Standards Codification Topic ("ASC") 350, Intangibles—Goodwill and Other, goodwill and intangible assets with indefinite useful lives acquired in an acquisition are not amortized, but instead are tested for impairment at least annually or more frequently should an event occur or circumstances indicate that the carrying amount may be impaired. Such events or circumstances may include a significant change in business climate, economic and industry trends, legal factors, negative operating performance indicators, significant competition, changes in strategy or disposition of a reporting unit or a portion thereof.

We have two reporting units for which we test goodwill for impairment: Bus and Parts. In the evaluation of goodwill for impairment, we have the option to perform a qualitative assessment to determine whether further impairment testing is necessary or to perform a quantitative assessment by comparing the fair value of a reporting unit to its carrying amount, including goodwill. When performing a qualitative assessment, an entity is not required to calculate the fair value of a reporting unit unless the entity determines that it is more likely than not that its fair value is less than its carrying amount. If, when performing a quantitative assessment, the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying amount, then the amount of the impairment loss, if any, must be measured using step two of the
impairment analysis. In step two of the analysis, we would record an impairment loss equal to the excess of the carrying value of the reporting unit’s goodwill over its implied fair value, should such a circumstance arise.

The fair value of the reporting units is estimated primarily using the income approach, which incorporates the use of discounted cash flow ("DCF") analysis. A number of significant assumptions and estimates are involved in the application of the DCF model to forecast operating cash flows, including markets and market shares, sales volumes and prices, costs to produce, tax rates, capital spending, discount rate and working capital changes. The cash flow forecasts are based on approved strategic operating plans and long-term forecasts.

In the evaluation of indefinite lived assets for impairment, we have the option to perform a qualitative assessment to determine whether further impairment testing is necessary, or to perform a quantitative assessment by comparing the fair value of an asset to its carrying amount. The Company’s intangible asset with an indefinite useful life is the "Blue Bird" trade name. When performing a qualitative assessment, an entity is not required to calculate the fair value of the asset unless the entity determines that it is more likely than not that its fair value is less than its carrying amount. If a qualitative assessment is not performed or if a quantitative assessment is otherwise required, then the entity compares the fair value of an asset to its carrying amount and the amount of the impairment loss, if any, is the difference between fair value and carrying value. The fair value of our trade name is derived by using the relief from royalty method, which discounts the estimated cash savings we realized by owning the name instead of otherwise having to license or lease it.

Our intangible assets with a definite useful life are amortized over their estimated useful lives, 7 or 20 years, using the straight-line method. The useful lives of our intangible assets are reassessed annually and they are tested for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate the carrying amount of the asset may not be recoverable.

Debt Issue Costs

Amounts paid directly to lenders or as an original issue discount and amounts classified as issuance costs are recorded as a reduction in the carrying value of the debt, for which the Company had deferred financing costs totaling $1.4 million and $2.0 million at October 1, 2022 and October 2, 2021, respectively, incurred in connection with its debt facilities and related amendments.

All deferred financing costs are amortized to interest expense. The effective interest method is used for debt discounts related to the term loan. The Company’s amortization of these costs was $1.5 million, $1.1 million and $0.9 million for fiscal 2022, fiscal 2021 and fiscal 2020, respectively, and is reflected as a component of interest expense on the Consolidated Statements of Operations. See Note 8, Debt, for a discussion of the Company’s indebtedness.

Pensions

The Company accounts for its pension benefit obligations using actuarial models. The measurement of plan obligations and assets was made at September 30, 2022. Effective January 1, 2006, the benefit plan was frozen to all participants. No accrual of future benefits is earned or calculated beyond this date. Accordingly, our obligation estimate is based on benefits earned at that time discounted using an estimate of the single equivalent discount rate determined by matching the plan’s future expected cash flows to spot rates from a yield curve comprised of high-quality corporate bond rates of various durations. The Company recognizes the funded status of its pension plan obligations on the Consolidated Balance Sheet and records in other comprehensive income (loss) certain gains and losses that arise during the period, but are deferred under pension accounting rules. Pension expense is recognized as a component of other income (expense), net on our Consolidated Statements of Operations.

Product Warranty Costs

The Company’s products are generally warranted against defects in material and workmanship for a period of one year to five years. A provision for estimated warranty costs is recorded at the time a unit is sold. The methodology to determine the warranty reserve calculates the average expected warranty claims using warranty claims by body type, by month, over the life of the bus, which is then multiplied by remaining months under warranty, by warranty type. Management believes the methodology provides an accurate reserve estimate. Actual claims incurred could differ from the original estimates, requiring future adjustments.

The Bus segment also sells extended warranties related to its products. Revenue related to these contracts is recognized on a straight-line basis over the contract period and costs thereunder are expensed as incurred. All warranty expenses are recorded in the cost of goods sold line on the Consolidated Statements of Operations. The current methodology to determine short-term extended warranty income reserve is based on twelve months of the remaining warranty value for each effective extended warranty at the balance sheet date. See Note 3, Supplemental Financial Information, for further information.
Research and Development

Research and development costs are expensed as incurred and included in selling, general and administrative expenses on our Consolidated Statements of Operations. For fiscal 2022, fiscal 2021 and fiscal 2020, the Company expensed $6.1 million, $5.2 million and $6.4 million, respectively.

Income Taxes

The Company accounts for income taxes in accordance with ASC 740, Income Taxes (“ASC 740”), which requires an asset and liability approach to financial accounting and reporting for income taxes. Under this approach, deferred income taxes represent the expected future tax consequences of temporary differences between the financial statement and tax basis of assets and liabilities. The Company evaluates its ability, based on the weight of evidence available, to realize future tax benefits from deferred tax assets and establishes a valuation allowance to reduce a deferred tax asset to a level which, more likely than not, will be realized in future years.

The Company recognizes uncertain tax positions based on a cumulative probability assessment if it is more likely than not that the tax position will be sustained upon examination by an appropriate tax authority with full knowledge of all information. Recognized income tax positions are measured at the largest amount that is greater than 50% likely of being realized. Amounts recorded for uncertain tax positions are periodically assessed, including the evaluation of new facts and circumstances, to ensure sustainability of the positions. The Company records interest and penalties related to unrecognized tax benefits in income tax expense.

The Company's policy for releasing income tax effects from accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) is to use a specific identification approach.

Environmental Liabilities

The Company records reserves for environmental liabilities on a discounted basis when environmental investigation and remediation obligations are probable and related costs are reasonably estimable. See Note 10, Guarantees, Commitments and Contingencies, for further information.

Segment Reporting

Operating segments are components of an entity that engage in business activities with discrete financial information available that is regularly reviewed by the chief operating decision maker (“CODM”) in order to assess performance and allocate resources. The Company’s CODM is its President and Chief Executive Officer. As discussed further in Note 11, Segment Information, the Company determined its operating and reportable segments to be Bus and Parts. The Bus segment includes the manufacturing and assembly of school buses to be sold to a variety of customers across the U.S., Canada and in certain limited international markets. The Parts segment consists primarily of the purchase of parts from third parties to be sold to dealers within the Company’s network and certain large fleet customers.

Statement of Cash Flows

We classify distributions received from our equity method investment, if any, using the nature of distribution approach, such that distributions received are classified based on the nature of the activity of the investee that generated the distribution. Returns on investment are classified within operating activities, while returns of investment are classified within investing activities.

The exchange of cash, if any, associated with derivative transactions is classified in the same category as the cash flows from the underlying items giving rise to the foreign currency or interest rate exposures.

Recently Issued Accounting Standards

ASU 2020-04 On March 12, 2020, the Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") issued Accounting Standards Update ("ASU") 2020-04, Reference Rate Reform (Topic 848): Facilitation of the Effects of Reference Rate Reform on Financial Reporting, providing temporary guidance to ease the potential burden in accounting for reference rate reform primarily resulting from the discontinuation of the U.S. Dollar London Interbank Offering Rate ("LIBOR"), which was initially expected to occur on December 31, 2021. The amendments in ASU 2020-04 are elective and apply to all entities that have contracts, hedging relationships, and other transactions that reference LIBOR or another reference rate expected to be discontinued.

ASU 2021-01 On January 7, 2021, the FASB issued ASU 2021-01, Reference Rate Reform (Topic 848): Scope, which refines the scope of ASC 848, Reference Rate Reform, and clarifies some of its guidance as part of the FASB’s ongoing monitoring of global
reference rate reform activities. The ASU permits entities to elect certain optional expedients and exceptions when accounting for derivative contracts and certain hedging relationships affected by changes in the interest rates used for discounting cash flows, computing variation margin settlements, and calculating price alignment interest in connection with reference rate reform activities under way in global financial markets.

The above amendments are effective for all entities from March 12, 2020 through December 31, 2022. An entity may elect to apply the amendments to contract modifications on a (i) full retrospective basis as of any date from the beginning of an interim period that includes or is subsequent to March 12, 2020 or (ii) prospective basis from any date within an interim period that includes or is subsequent to March 12, 2020 through the date that the interim financial statements are issued or available to be issued.

On March 5, 2021, the Intercontinental Exchange, Inc. ("ICE") Benchmark Administration ("IBA"), the administrator of LIBOR, issued a statement, following the completion of a formal consultation process, reaffirming the preliminary announcement it made on November 30, 2020, to cease publication of (i) 1 week and 2 month LIBOR subsequent to December 31, 2021 and (ii) the overnight and 1, 3, 6 and 12 month LIBOR tenors subsequent to June 30, 2023. The IBA’s statement regarding such cessation dates primarily resulted from a majority of LIBOR panel banks communicating to the IBA that they would be unwilling to continue contributing to the relevant LIBOR settings after such dates. As a result, the IBA determined that it would be unable to publish the relevant LIBOR settings on a representative basis after such dates. The United Kingdom Financial Conduct Authority ("FCA"), which regulates the IBA, confirmed that, based on information it received from LIBOR panel banks, it does not expect that any LIBOR settings will become unrepresentative before the announced cessation dates summarized above.

During fiscal 2022, the Company’s interest rate collar, which was not designated in a hedge accounting relationship, and Amended Credit Agreement (defined below) were the only contracts that referenced an interest rate index (i.e., LIBOR) that is subject to the reference rate reform guidance included in the above amendments. The interest rate collar matured on September 30, 2022, prior to the July 1, 2023 date on which the IBA will no longer publish applicable LIBOR tenors, and therefore, was not modified to reflect the discontinuation of LIBOR. Accordingly, the Company was not required to decide whether or not to elect to adopt such amendments for the interest rate collar prior to December 31, 2022 (i.e., the last effective date for adopting the amendments).

On September 2, 2022, the Company executed a fifth amendment and limited waiver to the Credit Agreement (see Note 8, Debt, for further information), which among other things, resulted in an early opt-in to change one of the market interest rate indices that the Company can elect to accrue interest on outstanding borrowings from LIBOR to the Secured Overnight Financing Rate as administered by the Federal Reserve Bank of New York (“SOFR”). Such change will become effective at the end of the applicable interest period for any LIBOR borrowings outstanding on the fifth amendment effective date. By the end of the first quarter of fiscal 2023, no outstanding borrowings will accrue interest utilizing LIBOR. Although the modification had no impact on fiscal 2022 as no interest was accrued utilizing SOFR, the Company will adjust the effective interest rate on outstanding borrowings on a prospective basis, which is not expected to have a material impact on the consolidated financial statements.

Any recently issued accounting standards not identified above do not apply to the Company or the impact is expected to be immaterial.
v3.22.2.2
Supplemental Financial Information
12 Months Ended
Oct. 01, 2022
Condensed Financial Information [Abstract]  
Supplemental Financial Information
3. Supplemental Financial Information

Accounts Receivable

Accounts receivable, net, consisted of the following at the dates indicated:
(in thousands)
October 1, 2022October 2, 2021
Accounts receivable$12,634 $10,067 
Allowance for doubtful accounts(100)(100)
Accounts receivable, net $12,534 $9,967 
Product Warranties

The following table reflects activity in accrued warranty cost (current and long-term portion combined) for the fiscal years presented:
(in thousands)202220212020
Balance at beginning of period$18,550 $21,374 $22,343 
Add: current period accruals7,348 6,920 8,980 
Less: current period reductions of accrual(9,928)(9,744)(9,949)
Balance at end of period$15,970 $18,550 $21,374 

Extended Warranties

The following table reflects activity in deferred warranty income (current and long-term portions combined), for the sale of extended warranties of two years to five years, for the fiscal years presented:
(in thousands)202220212020
Balance at beginning of period$20,144 $22,588 $24,045 
   Add: current period deferred income6,847 6,192 7,298 
   Less: current period recognition of income(8,196)(8,636)(8,755)
Balance at end of period$18,795 $20,144 $22,588 

The outstanding balance of deferred warranty income in the table above is considered a "contract liability," and represents a performance obligation of the Company that we satisfy over the term of the arrangement but for which we have been paid in full at the time the warranty was sold. We expect to recognize $7.2 million of the outstanding contract liability in fiscal 2023, and the remaining balance thereafter.

Self-Insurance

The following table reflects the total accrued self-insurance liability, comprised of workers' compensation and health insurance related claims, at the dates indicated:
(in thousands)October 1, 2022October 2, 2021
Current portion$3,996 $2,781 
Long-term portion1,794 1,732 
Total accrued self-insurance$5,790 $4,513 

The current and long-term portions of the accrued self-insurance liability are included in accrued expenses and other liabilities, respectively, on the accompanying Consolidated Balance Sheets.

Shipping and Handling

Shipping and handling revenues recognized were $16.0 million, $13.4 million and $16.9 million for fiscal 2022, fiscal 2021 and fiscal 2020, respectively. The related cost of goods sold were $14.3 million, $11.7 million and $14.5 million for fiscal 2022, fiscal 2021 and fiscal 2020, respectively.

Derivative Instruments

We are charged variable rates of interest on our indebtedness outstanding under the Amended Credit Agreement (defined in Note 8) which exposes us to fluctuations in interest rates. On October 24, 2018, the Company entered into a four year interest rate collar with a $150.0 million notional value with an effective date of November 30, 2018. The collar was entered into in order to partially mitigate our exposure to interest rate fluctuations on our variable rate debt. The collar established a range where we paid the counterparty if the three month LIBOR rate fell below the established floor rate of 1.5%, and the counterparty paid us if the three month LIBOR rate exceeded the ceiling rate of 3.3%. The collar settled quarterly through the termination date of September 30, 2022. No payments or receipts were exchanged on the interest rate collar contracts unless interest rates rose above or fell below the contracted ceiling or floor rates. Throughout much of the fiscal year ended October 1, 2022, the three month LIBOR rate fell below the established floor, which required us to make $1.2 million in total cash payments to the counterparty.
v3.22.2.2
Inventories
12 Months Ended
Oct. 01, 2022
Inventory Disclosure [Abstract]  
Inventories
4. Inventories

The following table presents components of inventories at the dates indicated:
(in thousands)October 1, 2022October 2, 2021
Raw materials$106,070 $74,862 
Work in process35,398 41,257 
Finished goods1,509 9,087 
Total inventories$142,977 $125,206 
At October 1, 2022, certain Bus segment inventory had an approximate $8.8 million cumulative cost in excess of net realizable value, which was recognized as a loss in fiscal 2022.
v3.22.2.2
Property, Plant and Equipment
12 Months Ended
Oct. 01, 2022
Property, Plant and Equipment [Abstract]  
Property, Plant and Equipment
5. Property, Plant and Equipment

Property, plant and equipment, net, consisted of the following at the dates indicated:
(in thousands)October 1, 2022October 2, 2021
Land$2,504 $2,504 
Buildings57,570 47,307 
Machinery and equipment105,789 101,836 
Office furniture, equipment and other2,276 2,185 
Computer equipment and software20,471 19,233 
Construction in process15,004 25,555 
Property, plant and equipment, gross203,614 198,620 
Accumulated depreciation and amortization(108,493)(98,290)
Operating lease right-of-use assets (1)5,487 5,152 
Property, plant and equipment, net$100,608 $105,482 
(1) Further information is included in Note 10, Guarantees, Commitments and Contingencies.

Depreciation and amortization expense for property, plant and equipment was $10.9 million, $9.8 million, and $10.1 million for fiscal 2022, fiscal 2021, and fiscal 2020, respectively.

We capitalized $0.7 million of interest expense in fiscal 2022 related to the construction of plant manufacturing assets.

A $1.4 million impairment loss for certain equipment that is no longer used in the Bus segment production process was recognized in fiscal 2022. No impairment loss was recognized in fiscal 2021 or fiscal 2020.
v3.22.2.2
Goodwill
12 Months Ended
Oct. 01, 2022
Goodwill and Intangible Assets Disclosure [Abstract]  
Goodwill
6. Goodwill

The carrying amounts of goodwill by reporting unit are as follows at the dates indicated: 
(in thousands)Gross
Goodwill
Accumulated
Impairments
Net Goodwill
October 1, 2022
Bus$15,139 $— $15,139 
Parts3,686 — 3,686 
Total$18,825 $— $18,825 
October 2, 2021
Bus$15,139 $— $15,139 
Parts3,686 — 3,686 
Total$18,825 $— $18,825 
In the fourth quarters of fiscal 2022 and fiscal 2021, we performed our annual impairment assessment of goodwill that did not indicate that an impairment existed; therefore, no impairments of goodwill have been recorded.
v3.22.2.2
Intangible Assets
12 Months Ended
Oct. 01, 2022
Goodwill and Intangible Assets Disclosure [Abstract]  
Intangible Assets
7. Intangible Assets

The gross carrying amounts and accumulated amortization of intangible assets are as follows at the dates indicated: 
 October 1, 2022October 2, 2021
(in thousands)Gross
Carrying
Amount
Accumulated
Amortization
TotalGross
Carrying
Amount
Accumulated
Amortization
Total
Finite lived: Engineering designs$3,156 $3,016 $140 $3,156 $2,876 $280 
Finite lived: Customer relationships37,425 29,948 7,477 37,425 28,078 9,347 
Total amortized intangible assets40,581 32,964 7,617 40,581 30,954 9,627 
Indefinite lived: Trade name39,816 — 39,816 39,816 — 39,816 
Total intangible assets$80,397 $32,964 $47,433 $80,397 $30,954 $49,443 

Management considers the "Blue Bird" trade name to have an indefinite useful life and, accordingly, it is not subject to amortization. Management reached this conclusion principally due to the longevity of the Blue Bird name and because management considers renewal upon reaching the legal limit of the trademarks related to the trade name as perfunctory. The Company expects to maintain usage of the trade name on existing products and introduce new products in the future that will also display the trade name. During the fourth quarters of fiscal 2022 and fiscal 2021, we performed our annual impairment assessment of our trade name, which did not indicate that an impairment existed; therefore, no impairment of our indefinite lived intangible has been recorded.

Customer relationships are amortized on a straight-line basis over an estimated life of 20 years. Engineering designs are amortized on a straight-line basis over an estimated life of 7 years. Total amortization expense for intangible assets was $2.0 million, $2.2 million, and $3.1 million for fiscal 2022, fiscal 2021, and fiscal 2020, respectively.

Amortization expense for finite lived intangible assets for the next five years is expected to be as follows:
(in thousands)
Fiscal Years EndingAmortization Expense
2023$2,010 
20241,869 
20251,869 
20261,869 
Total amortization expense$7,617 
v3.22.2.2
Debt
Dec. 15, 2021
Debt Disclosure [Abstract]  
Debt
8. Debt

Original Credit Agreement

On December 12, 2016, BBBC ("Borrower"), executed a $235.0 million five-year credit agreement with Bank of Montreal, which acts as the administrative agent and an issuing bank, Fifth Third Bank, as co-syndication agent and an issuing bank, and Regions Bank, as co-syndication agent, together with other lenders ("Credit Agreement").

The credit facilities provided for under the Credit Agreement consisted of a term loan facility in an aggregate initial principal amount of $160.0 million (the “Term Loan Facility”) and a revolving credit facility with aggregate commitments of $75.0 million. The revolving credit facility included a $15.0 million letter of credit sub-facility and a $5.0 million swing-line sub-facility (“Revolving Credit Facility,” and together with the Term Loan Facility, each a “Credit Facility” and collectively, the “Credit Facilities”). The obligations under the Credit Agreement and the related loan documents (including without limitation, the borrowings under the Credit Facilities and obligations in respect of certain cash management and hedging obligations owing to the agents, the lenders or their affiliates), are, in each case, secured by a lien on and security interest in substantially all of the assets of the Company and its subsidiaries including the Borrower, with certain exclusions as set forth in a collateral agreement entered into on the closing date.
First Amendment to the Credit Agreement

On September 13, 2018, the Company entered into a first amendment to the Credit Agreement ("First Amended Credit Agreement"). The First Amended Credit Agreement provided for additional funding of $50.0 million and was funded in the first quarter of fiscal 2019. Substantially all of the proceeds were used to complete a tender offer to purchase shares of our common and preferred stock.

The First Amended Credit Agreement also increased the revolving credit facility to $100.0 million from $75.0 million, a $25.0 million increase. The amendment extended the maturity date to September 13, 2023, five years from the effective date of the first amendment. The first amendment also amended the interest rate pricing matrix (as follows) as well as the principal payment schedule (which was subsequent amended as discussed below). In connection with the First Amended Credit Agreement, we incurred $2.0 million of debt discount and issuance costs, which were recorded as contra-debt and are being amortized over the life of the Amended Credit Agreement (defined below) using the effective interest method.

The interest rate on the Term Loan Facility was (i) from the first amendment effective date until the first quarter ended on or about September 30, 2018, LIBOR plus 2.25%, and (ii) commencing with the fiscal quarter ended on or about September 30, 2018 and thereafter, dependent on the Total Net Leverage Ratio ("TNLR") of the Company, an election of either base rate or LIBOR pursuant to the table below:
LevelTotal Net Leverage RatioABR LoansEurodollar Loans
ILess than 2.00x0.75%1.75%
IIGreater than or equal to 2.00x and less than 2.50x1.00%2.00%
IIIGreater than or equal to 2.50x and less than 3.00x1.25%2.25%
IVGreater than or equal to 3.00x and less than 3.25x1.50%2.50%
VGreater than or equal to 3.25x and less than 3.50x1.75%2.75%
VIGreater than 3.50x2.00%3.00%

Second Amendment to the Credit Agreement

On May 7, 2020, the Company entered into a second amendment to the Credit Agreement and First Amended Credit Agreement (“Second Amended Credit Agreement”). The Second Amended Credit Agreement provided $41.9 million in additional revolving commitments bringing the total revolving commitments to $141.9 million. The revolving commitments under the Second Amended Credit Agreement mature on September 13, 2023, which is the fifth anniversary of the effective date of the First Amended Credit Agreement. The interest rate pricing grid remained unchanged, but the LIBOR floor was amended from 0% to 0.75%. We incurred $0.9 million in fees related to the amendment. The fees were capitalized to other assets on the Consolidated Balance Sheets and are being amortized on a straight-line basis to interest expense until maturity of the Amended Credit Agreement (defined below).

Third Amendment to the Credit Agreement

On December 4, 2020, the Company executed a third amendment to the Credit Agreement, First Amended Credit Agreement and Second Amended Credit Agreement ("Third Amended Credit Agreement"). The Third Amended Credit Agreement, among other things, provided for certain temporary amendments to the Credit Agreement from the third amendment effective date through and including the first date on which (a)(i) a compliance certificate was timely delivered with respect to a fiscal quarter ending on or after March 31, 2022 demonstrating compliance with certain financial performance covenants for such fiscal quarter (the “Limited Availability Period”), or (ii) the Borrower elected to terminate the Limited Availability Period; and (b) the absence of a default or event of default.

Amendments to the financial performance covenants provided that during the Limited Availability Period, a higher maximum TNLR was permitted, and required the Company to maintain liquidity (in the form of undrawn availability under the Revolving Credit Facility and unrestricted cash and cash equivalents) of at least $15.0 million. For the duration between the fiscal quarter ended on or around December 31, 2020 and the fiscal quarter ended on or around September 30, 2021 that fell within the Limited Availability Period, a quarterly minimum consolidated EBITDA covenant applied instead of a maximum TNLR.

The pricing grid in the First Amended Credit Agreement, which was based on the ratio of the Company’s consolidated net debt to consolidated EBITDA, remained unchanged.  However, during the Limited Availability Period, an additional margin of 0.50% applied.

During the Limited Availability Period, the Amended Credit Agreement required that Borrower prepay existing revolving loans and, if undrawn and unreimbursed letters of credit exceeded $7.0 million, cash collateralize letters of credit if unrestricted cash and cash equivalents exceeded $20.0 million, as determined on a semimonthly basis.  Any issuance, amendment, renewal, or extension of credit
during the Limited Availability Period could not cause unrestricted cash and cash equivalents to exceed $20.0 million, or cause the aggregate outstanding Revolving Credit Facility principal to exceed $100.0 million. The Third Amended Credit Agreement also implemented a cap on permissible investments, restricted payments, certain payments of indebtedness and the fair market value of all assets subject to permitted dispositions during the Limited Availability Period.

For the duration of the Limited Availability Period, the Amended Credit Agreement set forth additional monthly reporting requirements, and required subordination agreements and intercreditor arrangements for certain other indebtedness and liens subject to administrative agent approval.

The Company incurred approximately $2.5 million in lender fees and other issuance costs relating to the third amendment. Of such total, approximately $1.1 million and $0.9 million was capitalized within other assets and long-term debt (as a contra-balance), respectively, on the Consolidated Balance Sheets and are being amortized as an adjustment to interest expense on a straight-line basis and utilizing the effective interest method, respectively, until maturity of the Amended Credit Agreement (defined below). The remaining approximate $0.5 million was recorded to loss on debt modification on the Consolidated Statements of Operations.

In conjunction with executing the third amendment, previously capitalized lender fees and other issuance costs incurred in prior periods totaling approximately $0.1 million were expensed to loss on debt modification on the Consolidated Statements of Operations.

Fourth Amendment to the Credit Agreement

On November 24, 2021, the Company executed a fourth amendment to the Credit Agreement, First Amended Credit Agreement, Second Amended Credit Agreement and Third Amended Credit Agreement (the "Fourth Amended Credit Agreement"). The Fourth Amended Credit Agreement, among other things, provided for certain temporary amendments to the Credit Agreement from the third amendment effective date through and including (a) April 1, 2023 (the “Amended Limited Availability Period”), or (b) the first date on which Borrower elected to terminate the Amended Limited Availability Period, in each case, subject to (x) the absence of a default or event of default and (y) pro forma compliance with the financial covenant performance covenants under the Fourth Amended Credit Agreement.

With respect to the financial performance covenants, during the Amended Limited Availability Period for the fiscal quarters ended January 1, 2022 through October 1, 2022, the TNLR requirement was not applicable, although it continued to impact the interest rate that was charged on outstanding borrowings as discussed below. Instead, the minimum consolidated EBITDA that the Company was required to maintain during the Amended Limited Availability Period was updated to include fiscal 2022 as set forth in the table below (in millions):

PeriodMinimum Consolidated EBITDA
Fiscal quarter ending January 1, 2022$14.5
Fiscal quarter ending April 2, 2022$(4.5)
Fiscal quarter ending July 2, 2022$(6.8)
Fiscal quarter ending October 1, 2022$20.0

However, in the event that Borrower elected to terminate the Amended Limited Availability Period in fiscal 2022, the maximum TNLR permitted was 3.50x.

The minimum liquidity (in the form of undrawn availability under the Revolving Credit Facility and unrestricted cash and cash equivalents) that the Company was required to maintain during the Amended Limited Availability Period was amended as set forth in the table below (in millions):

PeriodMinimum Liquidity
Fourth amendment effective date through January 1, 2022$10.0
January 2, 2022 through April 2, 2022$5.0
April 3, 2022 through July 2, 2022$15.0
Thereafter$20.0

Additionally, a new financial performance covenant was added in the Fourth Amended Credit Agreement, requiring that school bus units manufactured by the Company (“Units”) not fall below the pre-set thresholds set forth in the table below on a three month trailing basis (“Units Covenant”). The Units Covenant was triggered only if the Company’s liquidity for the most-recently ended fiscal month was less than $50 million during the Amended Limited Availability Period:
PeriodMinimum Units Manufactured
Three month period ending November 27, 20211,128
Three month period ending January 1, 2022776
Three month period ending January 29, 2022748
Three month period ending February 26, 2022727
Three month period ending April 2, 2022763
Three month period ending April 30, 20221,111
Three month period ending May 28, 20221,525
Three month period ending July 2, 20222,053
Three month period ending July30, 20222,072
Three month period ending August 27, 20222,199
Three month period ending October 1, 20222,306

If the Units during any three fiscal month period set forth above was less than the minimum required by the Units Covenant, Borrower could elect to carry forward up to 50% of certain applicable excess Units to satisfy the Units Covenant requirement. However, Borrower could not make such election in two consecutive three fiscal month periods.

The pricing grid in the Fourth Amended Credit Agreement, which was based on the TNLR, was determined in accordance with the amended pricing matrix set forth below:

LevelTotal Net Leverage RatioABR LoansEurodollar Loans
ILess than 2.00x0.75%1.75%
IIGreater than or equal to 2.00x and less than 2.50x1.00%2.00%
IIIGreater than or equal to 2.50x and less than 3.00x1.25%2.25%
IVGreater than or equal to 3.00x and less than 3.25x1.50%2.50%
VGreater than or equal to 3.25x and less than 3.50x1.75%2.75%
VIGreater than or equal to 3.50x and less than 4.50x2.00%3.00%
VIIGreater than or equal to 4.50x and less than 5.00x3.25%4.25%
VIIIGreater than 5.00x4.25%5.25%

During the Amended Limited Availability Period (notwithstanding the pricing grid set forth above), the applicable rate was (a) solely to the extent that the aggregate revolving exposures exceeded $100.0 million, 5.75% with respect to such excess and (b) with respect to all other revolving exposures, the sum of the rate determined by the administrative agent in accordance with the pricing grid set forth above, plus 0.50%.

Additional allowances were made in the Fourth Amended Credit Agreement for the Company to issue or incur up to $100.0 million of qualified equity interests issued by the Company, unsecured subordinated indebtedness or unsecured convertible indebtedness (collectively, “Junior Capital”). Upon the issuance or incurrence of any Junior Capital, the Company was required to prepay the outstanding revolving loans (with no permanent reduction in the revolving commitments) in an amount equal to the lesser of (a) 100% of the net proceeds from such Junior Capital and (b) the aggregate of revolving exposures then outstanding. Prior to the initial issuance or incurrence of any Junior Capital, any issuance, amendment, renewal, or extension of credit during the Amended Limited Availability Period could not cause the aggregate outstanding Revolving Credit Facility principal to exceed $110.0 million (“Availability Cap”). Following the issuance and sale of $75.0 million of common stock in a private placement transaction on December 15, 2021 (see Note 13, Stockholders' Equity (Deficit), for further details), the Availability Cap was permanently reduced to $100.0 million.

For the duration of the Amended Limited Availability Period, the Fourth Amended Credit Agreement set forth additional monthly reporting requirements in connection with the manufactured school bus units required by the financial performance covenants, when applicable.

The Company incurred approximately $2.5 million in lender fees and other issuance costs relating to the fourth amendment. Of such total, approximately $1.1 million and $0.8 million was capitalized within other assets and long-term debt (as a contra-balance), respectively, on the Consolidated Balance Sheets and will be amortized as an adjustment to interest expense on a straight-line basis and utilizing the effective interest method, respectively, until maturity of the Amended Credit Agreement (defined below). The remaining approximate $0.5 million was recorded to loss on debt modification on the Consolidated Statements of Operations.
In conjunction with executing the fourth amendment, previously capitalized lender fees and other issuance costs incurred in prior periods totaling approximately $0.1 million were also expensed to loss on debt modification on the Consolidated Statements of Operations.

Fifth Amendment and Limited Waiver to the Credit Agreement

On September 2, 2022, the Company executed a fifth amendment and limited waiver to the Credit Agreement, First Amended Credit Agreement, Second Amended Credit Agreement, Third Amended Credit Agreement and Fourth Amended Credit Agreement ("Fifth Amended Credit Agreement" and collectively, the "Amended Credit Agreement"). The Fifth Amended Credit Agreement, among other things, resulted in Borrower and administrative agent jointly electing an early opt-in to change one of the market interest rate indices that Borrower can elect to accrue interest on outstanding borrowings from LIBOR, which is being discontinued subsequent to June 30, 2023, to SOFR. Such change will become effective at the end of the applicable interest period for any LIBOR borrowings outstanding on the fifth amendment effective date.

The Fifth Amended Credit Agreement also provided covenant relief, through December 31, 2022, via a waiver of the $20.0 million minimum consolidated EBITDA covenant calculated on a four quarter trailing basis for the fiscal quarter ended October 1, 2022 and the 2,306 minimum Units Covenant calculated on a three fiscal month trailing basis for the fiscal month ended October 1, 2022. The Company requested such covenant relief given the supply chain disruptions that continued to challenge the Company throughout fiscal 2022.

Finally, the Fifth Amended Credit Agreement requires the Company to provide a rolling thirteen week cash flow forecast to the Administrative Agent, on a monthly basis, beginning with the fiscal month ended August 27, 2022 and ending with the fiscal month ending April 1, 2023.

The Company incurred approximately $0.3 million in lender fees and other issuance costs relating to the fifth amendment. Of such total, approximately $0.1 million and $0.1 million was capitalized within other assets and long-term debt (as a contra-balance), respectively, on the Consolidated Balance Sheets and will be amortized as an adjustment to interest expense on a straight-line basis and utilizing the effective interest method, respectively, until maturity of the Amended Credit Agreement. The remaining approximate $0.1 million was recorded to loss on debt modification on the Consolidated Statements of Operations.

Additional Disclosures

On November 21, 2022, the maturity date of the Amended Credit Agreement was extended from September 13, 2023 to December 31, 2024 as discussed in Note 19, Subsequent Events. Accordingly, the balance of borrowings outstanding on the Term Loan Facility and Revolving Credit Facility at October 1, 2022 have been classified within current and long-term liabilities on the Consolidated Balance Sheets and in the discussion below based upon the new maturity date.

Debt consisted of the following at the dates indicated:
(in thousands)October 1, 2022October 2, 2021
Term loans, net of deferred financing costs of $1,410 and $2,027, respectively
$150,190 $164,423 
Less: Current portion of long-term debt19,800 14,850 
Long-term debt, net of current portion$130,390 $149,573 

Term loans are recognized on the Consolidated Balance Sheets at the unpaid principal balance, and are not subject to fair value measurement; however, given the variable rates on the loans, the Company estimates the unpaid principal balance to approximate fair value. If measured at fair value in the financial statements, the term loans would be classified as Level 2 in the fair value hierarchy. At October 1, 2022 and October 2, 2021, $151.6 million and $166.5 million, respectively, were outstanding on the term loans.

At October 1, 2022 and October 2, 2021, the stated interest rates on the term loans were 7.9% and 4.0%, respectively. At October 1, 2022 and October 2, 2021, the weighted-average annual effective interest rates for the term loans were 8.0% and 6.0%, respectively, which included amortization of the deferred debt issuance costs and interest payments relating to the interest rate collar, as applicable.

There were $20.0 million in borrowings outstanding on the Revolving Credit Facility at October 1, 2022. Additionally, there were $6.3 million of Letters of Credit outstanding on October 1, 2022, providing the Company the ability to borrow $73.7 million on the revolving line of credit.

Interest expense on all indebtedness for fiscal 2022, fiscal 2021 and fiscal 2020 was $14.7 million, $9.7 million, and $12.3 million, respectively.
The schedule of remaining principal maturities for the term loans is as follows at October 1, 2022:
(in thousands)
YearPrincipal Payments
2023$19,800 
202419,800 
2025112,000 
Total remaining principal payments$151,600 
v3.22.2.2
Income Taxes
12 Months Ended
Oct. 01, 2022
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]  
Income Taxes 9. Income Taxes
The components of income tax benefit (expense) were as follows for the fiscal years presented: 
(in thousands)202220212020
Current tax provision:
Federal$380 $348 $(1,425)
State— (82)(65)
Total current tax benefit (expense)$380 $266 $(1,490)
Deferred tax provision:
Federal$10,862 $604 $(715)
State209 321 686 
Total deferred tax benefit (expense)11,071 925 (29)
Income tax benefit (expense)$11,451 $1,191 $(1,519)

At October 1, 2022, the Company had $9.5 million in state tax credit carryforwards and $0.5 million federal tax credit carryforwards. The Company maintains a partial valuation allowance on the state tax credit carryforwards. Of this balance, the Company estimates approximately $6.3 million of state tax credit carryforwards will expire unused between 2025 and 2032.

At October 1, 2022, the Company had $37.1 million in state net operating loss ("NOL") carryforwards and $28.4 million Federal NOL carryforwards. Of this balance, the Company estimates approximately $10.9 million of state NOL carryforwards will expire unused between 2028 and 2033.

The effective tax rates for fiscal 2022, fiscal 2021 and fiscal 2020 were 21.6%, 60.2% and 14.5%, respectively.

The effective tax rate for fiscal 2022 differed from the statutory Federal income tax rate of 21.0%. The increase in the effective tax rate to 21.6% was primarily due to the impacts of state taxes on the Federal rate. This increase was partially offset by an increase in the valuation allowance.

The effective tax rate for fiscal 2021 differed from the statutory Federal income tax rate of 21%. There were several items that increased the effective tax rate to 60.2%, including the impacts of tax credits, return to accrual adjustments, and state taxes on the Federal rate. These increases were partially offset by a change in uncertain tax positions.

The effective tax rate for fiscal 2020 differed from the statutory Federal income tax rate of 21%. There were minor items that lowered the effective tax rate to 14.5%, primarily the impacts of tax credits and state taxes on the Federal rate. These decreases were offset to a lesser degree by the recording of a partial valuation allowance for state taxes and minor return to accrual adjustments.
A reconciliation between the reported income tax benefit (expense) and the amount computed by applying the statutory federal income tax rate is as follows: 
(in thousands)202220212020
Federal tax benefit (expense) at statutory rate$11,141 $415 $(2,203)
Increase (reduction) in income tax benefit resulting from:
State taxes, net2,240 552 1,508 
Change in uncertain tax positions395 (635)— 
Share-based compensation(513)(135)188 
Permanent items(31)(20)(33)
Valuation allowance(2,050)— (977)
Tax credits285 450 390 
Return to accrual adjustments(212)476 (260)
Investor tax on non-consolidated affiliate income231 (28)(185)
Other(35)116 53 
Income tax benefit (expense)$11,451 $1,191 $(1,519)

The guidance for accounting for uncertainty in income taxes requires that a determination be made regarding whether a tax position, based solely on its technical merits, is more likely than not to be sustained upon examination, which is the threshold required for recognition of the tax position in the financial statements. During fiscal 2021, management obtained additional information that resulted in a conclusion that certain tax positions previously recognized in specific prior year financial statements may be subject to adjustment in conjunction with an examination. Accordingly, such determination resulted in the derecognition of these tax positions during fiscal 2021. The Company's liability arising from uncertain tax positions ("UTPs"), including accrued interest and penalties, is recorded in other liabilities in the Consolidated Balance Sheets. A reconciliation of the beginning and ending amount of unrecognized tax benefits is as follows:
(in thousands)202220212020
Balance, beginning of year$370 $— $— 
Additions for tax positions of prior years— 370 — 
Lapses of applicable statute of limitations(260)— — 
Balance, end of year$110 $370 $— 

The Company recognizes accrued interest and penalties related to unrecognized tax benefits as income tax expense. There were accrued interest and penalties of $0.1 million at October 1, 2022 and $0.3 million at October 2, 2021.

The Company is subject to taxation mostly in the U.S. and various state jurisdictions. At October 1, 2022, tax years prior to 2018 are generally no longer subject to examination by Federal and most state tax authorities.
 
The following table sets forth the sources of and differences between the financial accounting and tax bases of the Company’s assets and liabilities which give rise to the net deferred tax assets at the dates indicated:
(in thousands)October 1, 2022October 2, 2021
Deferred tax liabilities
Property, plant and equipment$(9,899)$(10,475)
Other intangible assets(11,539)(12,060)
Investor tax on non-consolidated affiliate income(461)(692)
Other assets(127)(105)
Total deferred tax liabilities$(22,026)$(23,332)
Deferred tax assets
NOL carryforward$7,928 $1,126 
Accrued expenses5,335 6,941 
Compensation5,139 6,691 
Interest limitation carryforward5,098 1,071 
Inventories3,972 760 
Unearned income3,046 3,488 
Tax credits7,918 7,448 
Total deferred tax assets$38,436 $27,525 
Less: valuation allowance(5,503)(3,453)
Deferred tax assets less valuation allowance$32,933 $24,072 
Net deferred tax assets$10,907 $740 
v3.22.2.2
Guarantees, Commitments and Contingencies
12 Months Ended
Oct. 01, 2022
Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure [Abstract]  
Guarantees, Commitments and Contingencies
10. Guarantees, Commitments and Contingencies

Litigation

At October 1, 2022, the Company had a number of product liability and other cases pending. Management believes that, considering the Company’s insurance coverage and its intention to vigorously defend its positions, the ultimate resolution of these matters will not have a material adverse impact on the Company’s financial statements.

Environmental

The Company is subject to a variety of environmental regulations relating to the use, storage, discharge and disposal of hazardous materials used in its manufacturing processes. Failure by the Company to comply with present and future regulations could subject it to future liabilities. In addition, such regulations could require the Company to acquire costly equipment or to incur other significant expenses to comply with environmental regulations. The Company is currently not involved in any material environmental proceedings and therefore, management believes that the resolution of environmental matters will not have a material adverse effect on the Company’s financial statements.

Our environmental liability using a discount rate of 7.1%, included in current accrued expenses and other long-term liabilities on the Consolidated Balance Sheets, was $0.1 million and $0.2 million at October 1, 2022 and October 2, 2021, respectively. The estimated remaining undiscounted payments at October 1, 2022 are as follows:
(in thousands)
YearFuture Payments
2023$88 
2024
2025
2026
2027
Total remaining principal payments$124 
Future expenditures may exceed the amounts accrued and estimated.

Lease Commitments
We have operating and finance leases for office space, warehouse space, or a combination of both. Our leases have remaining lease terms ranging from 1.2 years to 5.2 years with the option to extend leases for up to 0.3 years.
The components of lease costs included on the Consolidated Statements of Operations are as follows:
(in thousands)Fiscal Years Ended
Lease costClassification20222021
Operating leasesSelling, general and administrative expenses$1,399 $1,149 
Finance leases
Amortization of lease assetsCost of goods sold1,157 1,497 
Interest on lease liabilitiesInterest expense171 241 
Short-term leases (1)Cost of goods sold or selling, general and administrative expenses995 487 
Total lease cost$3,722 $3,374 
(1) Short-term lease cost includes both leases and rentals with initial terms of one year or less. Classification depends on the purpose of the underlying lease.

The following table summarizes the lease amounts included on the Consolidated Balance Sheets as follows:
(in thousands)Balance Sheet LocationOctober 1, 2022October 2, 2021
Assets
Operating Property, plant and equipment$5,487 $5,152 
Finance (1)Finance lease right-of-use1,736 5,486 
Total lease assets$7,223 $10,638 
Liabilities
Current
OperatingOther current liabilities$2,150 $1,158 
FinanceFinance lease obligations566 1,327 
Long-term
OperatingOther liabilities4,578 5,529 
FinanceFinance lease obligations1,574 4,538 
Total lease liabilities$8,868 $12,552 
(1) Net of accumulated amortization of $1.8 million and $2.8 million, respectively.
The financing and operating leases recorded do not assume renewal based on our analysis of those leases and their contractual terms.
Lease liability maturities are presented in the following table:
(in thousands)October 1, 2022
Fiscal Years EndedOperatingFinanceTotal
2023$2,436 $631 $3,067 
20241,697 631 2,328 
20251,456 994 2,450 
20261,097 — 1,097 
2027587 — 587 
Thereafter98 — 98 
Total future minimum lease payments7,371 2,256 9,627 
Less: imputed interest643 116 759 
Total lease liabilities$6,728 $2,140 $8,868 

Lease terms and discount rates are presented in the following table:
October 1, 2022
OperatingFinance
Weighted average remaining lease term3.8 years2.4 years
Weighted average discount rate5.1 %3.3 %

Supplemental cash flow information is presented in the following table:
Fiscal Years Ended
(in thousands)20222021
Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities
Operating cash flows - operating leases$1,572 $1,394 
Operating cash flows - finance leases171 241 
Financing cash flows - finance leases1,132 1,294 
Right-of-use assets exchanged for lease liabilities
Operating leases$1,424 $62 

Purchase Commitments

In the ordinary course of business, the Company enters into short-term contractual purchase orders for manufacturing inventory and capital assets. The amount of these commitments is expected to be as follows:
(in thousands)
Fiscal Years EndedAmount
2023$63,562 
Total purchase commitments$63,562 
v3.22.2.2
Segment Information
12 Months Ended
Oct. 01, 2022
Segment Reporting [Abstract]  
Segment Information
11. Segment Information

We manage our business in two operating segments: (i) the Bus segment, which includes the manufacture and assembly of buses to be sold to a variety of customers across the U.S., Canada, and in certain limited international markets; and (ii) the Parts segment, which consists primarily of the purchase of parts from third parties to be sold to dealers within the Company’s network and certain large fleet customers. Management evaluates the segments based primarily upon revenues and gross profit, which are reflected in the tables below for the periods presented:
Net sales
(in thousands)202220212020
Bus (1)$723,505 $625,198 $822,616 
Parts (1)77,132 58,797 56,605 
Segment net sales$800,637 $683,995 $879,221 
(1) Parts segment revenue includes $3.9 million, $3.8 million, and $4.1 million for fiscal 2022, fiscal 2021 and fiscal 2020, respectively, related to inter-segment sales of parts that was eliminated by the Bus segment upon consolidation.
 
Gross profit
(in thousands)202220212020
Bus$5,065 $50,394 $76,059 
Parts31,481 21,747 20,141 
Segment gross profit$36,546 $72,141 $96,200 

The following table is a reconciliation of segment gross profit to consolidated income before income taxes for the fiscal years presented:
(in thousands)202220212020
Segment gross profit$36,546 $72,141 $96,200 
Adjustments:
Selling, general and administrative expenses(77,246)(65,619)(74,206)
Interest expense(14,675)(9,682)(12,252)
Interest income11 
Other income, net2,947 1,776 738 
Loss on debt modification(632)(598)— 
(Loss) income before income taxes$(53,051)$(1,978)$10,491 

Sales are attributable to geographic areas based on customer location and were as follows for the fiscal years presented:
(in thousands)202220212020
United States$726,227 $601,751 795,207 
Canada69,683 75,644 79,442 
Rest of world4,727 6,600 4,572 
Total net sales$800,637 $683,995 879,221 
v3.22.2.2
Revenue
12 Months Ended
Oct. 01, 2022
Revenue from Contract with Customer [Abstract]  
Revenue
12. Revenue

The following table disaggregates revenue by product category for the periods presented:
Fiscal Years Ended
(in thousands)202220212020
Diesel buses$276,395 $291,203 $397,567 
Alternative powered buses (1)407,599 300,706 381,555 
Other (2)41,858 34,875 45,191 
Parts74,785 57,211 54,908 
Net sales$800,637 $683,995 $879,221 
(1) Includes buses sold with any power source other than diesel (e.g., gasoline, propane, compressed natural gas ("CNG"), or electric).
(2) Includes shipping and handling revenue, extended warranty income, surcharges, chassis, and bus shell sales.
v3.22.2.2
Stockholders' Deficit
12 Months Ended
Oct. 01, 2022
Equity [Abstract]  
Stockholders' Deficit
13. Stockholders’ Equity (Deficit)

Sale of Common Stock

On December 15, 2021, the Company issued and sold through a private placement an aggregate 4,687,500 shares of its common stock at $16.00 per share (“Private Placement”) to Coliseum Capital Partners and Blackwell Partners LLC (collectively, “Coliseum”), with net proceeds of $74.8 million. Subsequent to the sale, Coliseum owns an approximate 15% equity interest in the Company. In connection with the purchase of the shares, Coliseum receives customary registration rights and the Company added Adam Gray of Coliseum as a Class II director. The Company used the net proceeds from the Private Placement to repay outstanding revolving borrowings as required by the terms of the Credit Agreement, which increased the available borrowing capacity of the Revolving Credit Facility that could be used for working capital and other general corporate purposes, including acquisitions, investments in technologies or businesses, operating expenses and capital expenditures.
v3.22.2.2
Earnings Per Share
12 Months Ended
Oct. 01, 2022
Earnings Per Share [Abstract]  
Earnings Per Share
14. (Loss) Earnings Per Share

The following table presents the basic and diluted earnings per share computation for the fiscal years presented:
(in thousands except share data)202220212020
Numerator:
Net (loss) income $(45,759)$(289)$12,185 
Basic (loss) earnings per share:
Weighted average common shares outstanding31,020,399 27,139,054 26,850,999 
Basic (loss) earnings per share$(1.48)$(0.01)$0.45 
Diluted (loss) earnings per share (1):
Weighted average common shares outstanding31,020,399 27,139,054 26,850,999 
Weighted average dilutive securities, restricted stock— — 188,791 
Weighted average dilutive securities, stock options— — 46,765 
Weighted average shares and dilutive potential common shares31,020,399 27,139,054 27,086,555 
Diluted (loss) earnings per share$(1.48)$(0.01)$0.45 
(1) Potentially dilutive securities representing 0.5 million and 0.9 million shares of common stock were excluded from the computation of diluted earnings per share for fiscal 2022 and fiscal 2021, respectively, as their effect would have been anti-dilutive.
v3.22.2.2
Share-Based Compensation
12 Months Ended
Oct. 01, 2022
Share-based Payment Arrangement [Abstract]  
Share-Based Compensation
15. Share-Based Compensation
 
In fiscal 2015, we adopted the Omnibus Equity Incentive Plan ("Plan") and in fiscal 2020, amended and restated it. The Plan is administered by the Compensation Committee of our Board of Directors and the Committee may grant awards for the issuance of up to an aggregate of 5,200,000 shares of common stock in the form of non-qualified stock options, incentive stock options, stock appreciation rights (collectively, “SARs,” and each individually, a “SAR”), restricted stock, restricted stock units, performance shares, performance units, incentive bonus awards, other cash-based awards and other stock-based awards. The exercise price of a share subject to a stock option may not be less than 100% of the fair market value of a share of the Company's common stock with respect to the grant date of such stock option. No portion of the options vest and become exercisable after the date on which the optionee’s service with the Company and its subsidiaries terminates. The vesting of all unvested shares of common stock subject to an option will automatically be accelerated in connection with a “Change in Control,” as defined in the Plan.

New shares of the Company's common stock are issued upon stock option exercises, or at the time of vesting for restricted stock. We have granted performance awards as part of our overall compensation plans. The vesting of these awards is primarily based upon the attainment of certain performance metrics established under our annual Management Incentive Plan ("MIP"), with the Compensation Committee of the Board of Directors maintaining final discretion over vesting amounts. Stock-based payments to employees, including grants of stock options, restricted stock and restricted stock units ("RSU"), are recognized in the financial statements based on their fair value. The fair value of each stock option award on the grant date is estimated using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model with the following assumptions: expected dividend yield, expected stock price volatility, weighted-average risk-free interest rate and weighted average expected term of the options. For fiscal 2020, the volatility assumption used in the Black-Scholes option-pricing model was based on peer group volatility because we did not have a sufficient trading history as a stand-alone public company. Because we do not have sufficient history with respect to stock option activity and post-vesting cancellations, the expected term assumption is based on the simplified method under U.S. GAAP, which is based on the vesting period and contractual term for each
vesting tranche of awards. The mid-point between the vesting date and the expiration date is used as the expected term under this method. The risk-free interest rate used in the Black-Scholes model is based on the implied yield curve available on U.S. Treasury zero-coupon issues at the date of grant with a remaining term equal to the Company’s expected term assumption. The Company has never declared or paid a cash dividend on its common stock. Restricted stock and RSUs are valued based on the intrinsic value of the difference between the exercise price, if any, of the award and the fair market value of our common stock on the grant date. We expense any award with graded-vesting features using a straight-line attribution method and account for forfeitures in recording share-based compensation expense as they occur.

Restricted Stock Awards

The following table summarizes the Company's restricted stock and RSU activity for the fiscal year presented:
2022
Restricted Stock ActivityNumber of SharesWeighted-Average Grant Date Fair Value
Balance, beginning of year248,845 $18.50 
Granted188,711 17.45 
Vested(214,926)23.73 
Forfeited(65,313)17.78 
Balance, end of year157,317 17.35 

The weighted-average grant date fair value of restricted stock awards granted in fiscal 2021 and fiscal 2020 was $18.50 and $18.64, respectively.

Compensation expense for restricted stock awards, recognized in selling, general and administrative expenses on the Consolidated Statements of Operations, was $2.6 million, $3.9 million, and $2.7 million for fiscal 2022, fiscal 2021, and fiscal 2020, respectively, with associated tax benefits of $0.7 million, $1.0 million, and $0.7 million, respectively. At October 1, 2022, unrecognized compensation cost related to restricted stock awards totaled $1.0 million and is expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of 0.5 years.

Stock Option Awards

The following table summarizes the Company's stock option activity for the fiscal year presented:
2022
Number of OptionsWeighted Average Exercise Price per Share ($)
Outstanding options, beginning of year626,167 $17.93 
Granted169,465 19.37 
Exercised (1)(15,586)18.28 
Expired(57,580)17.76 
Forfeited(205,879)17.86 
Outstanding options, end of year (2)516,587 $18.07 
Fully vested and exercisable options, end of year (3)372,120 $17.70 
(1) Stock options exercised during the fiscal year had an aggregate intrinsic value totaling less than $0.1 million.
(2) Stock options outstanding at the end of the fiscal year had $(5.0) million intrinsic value.
(3) Fully vested and exercisable options at the end of the fiscal year had $(3.5) million intrinsic value.

The total aggregate intrinsic value of stock options exercised during fiscal 2021 and fiscal 2020 was $1.1 million and $4.3 million, respectively.
Compensation expense for stock option awards, recognized in selling, general and administrative expenses on the Consolidated Statements of Operations, was $0.9 million, $1.9 million, and $1.4 million for fiscal 2022, fiscal 2021, and fiscal 2020, respectively, with associated tax benefits of $0.2 million, $0.5 million, and $0.4 million, respectively. At October 1, 2022, unrecognized compensation cost related to stock option awards totaled $0.4 million and is expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of 1.2 years.

The fair value of each option award at grant date was estimated using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model with the following assumptions made and resulting grant-date fair values during the fiscal years presented:
202220212020
Expected volatility46 %41 %32 %
Expected dividend yield%%%
Risk-free interest rate1.30 %0.49 %1.61 %
Expected term (in years)4.5 - 6.02.7 - 6.04.5 - 6.0
Weighted-average grant-date fair value$7.04 $6.58 $6.91 
v3.22.2.2
Benefit Plans
12 Months Ended
Oct. 01, 2022
Retirement Benefits [Abstract]  
Benefit Plans
16. Benefit Plans
Defined Benefit Pension Plan

The Company has a defined benefit pension plan (“Defined Benefit Plan”) covering U.S. hourly and salaried personnel. On May 13, 2002, the Defined Benefit Plan was amended to freeze new participation as of May 15, 2002, and therefore, any new employees who started on or after May 15, 2002 were not permitted to participate in the Defined Benefit Plan. Effective January 1, 2006, the benefit plan was frozen to all participants. No accrual of future benefits is calculated beyond this date.

The Company made no contributions to the Defined Benefit Plan during fiscal 2022 and made $4.9 million contributions in fiscal 2021. For fiscal 2022 and fiscal 2021, benefits paid were $8.6 million and $7.3 million, respectively. The projected benefit obligation (“PBO”) for the Defined Benefit Plan was $122.6 million and $160.1 million at October 1, 2022 and October 2, 2021, respectively.

The reconciliation of the beginning and ending balances of the PBO for the Defined Benefit Plan for the fiscal years indicated is presented in the following table:
Benefit Obligation
(in thousands)20222021
Projected benefit obligation balance, beginning of year$160,088 $169,741 
Interest cost4,368 4,227 
Actuarial gain (1)(33,293)(6,627)
Benefits paid(8,592)(7,253)
Projected benefit obligations balance, end of year$122,571 $160,088 
(1) Includes assumption changes resulting from (i) changes in the utilized discount rate to value the future obligations, and (ii) updates to the mortality table projections used in the calculation of the benefit obligations.

Plan Assets: The summary and reconciliation of the beginning and ending balances of the fair value of the Defined Benefit Plan assets are as follows:
Plan Assets
(in thousands)20222021
Fair value of plan assets, beginning of year$137,337 $122,482 
Actual return on plan assets(22,198)17,188 
Employer contribution— 4,920 
Benefits paid(8,592)(7,253)
Fair value of plan assets, end of year$106,547 $137,337 
Funded Status: The following table reconciles the benefit obligations, plan assets, funded status and net liability information of the Defined Benefit Plan at the dates indicated. The net pension liability is reflected in long-term liabilities on the Consolidated Balance Sheets.
Funded Status
(in thousands)October 1, 2022October 2, 2021
Benefit obligation$122,571 $160,088 
Fair value of plan assets106,547 137,337 
Funded status(16,024)(22,751)
Net pension liability recognized$(16,024)$(22,751)
Fair Value of Plan Assets: The Company determines the fair value of its financial instruments in accordance with the Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures Topic of the ASC. Fair value represents the price to hypothetically sell an asset or transfer a liability in an orderly manner in the principal market for that asset or liability. This topic provides a hierarchy that gives highest priority to unadjusted quoted market prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities. This topic requires that financial assets and liabilities are classified into one of the following three categories: 
Level 1  Unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities
Level 2  Unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for similar assets or liabilities, or unadjusted quoted prices for identical or similar assets or liabilities in markets that are not active, or inputs other than quoted prices that are observable for the asset or liability
Level 3  Unobservable inputs for the asset or liability

The Company evaluates fair value measurement inputs on an ongoing basis in order to determine if there is a change of sufficient significance to warrant a transfer between levels. Transfers between levels of the fair value hierarchy are recognized on the actual date of the event or circumstances that caused the transfer, which generally coincides with the Company's valuation process.

The Defined Benefit Plan assets are comprised of various investment funds, which are valued based upon their quoted market prices. The invested pension plan assets of the Defined Benefit Plan are all Level 2 assets under ASC 820, Fair Value Measurements (“ASC 820”). During fiscal 2022 and fiscal 2021, there were no transfers between levels. There are no sources of significant concentration risk in the invested assets at September 30, 2022.

The following table sets forth, by level within the fair value hierarchy, a summary of the Defined Benefit Plan’s investments measured at fair value:
(in thousands)Level 1Level 2Level 3Total
October 1, 2022
Assets:
Equity securities$— $50,590 $— $50,590 
Debt securities— 55,957 — 55,957 
Total assets at fair value$— $106,547 $— $106,547 
October 2, 2021
Assets:
Equity securities$— $87,827 $— $87,827 
Debt securities— 49,510 — 49,510 
Total assets at fair value$— $137,337 $— $137,337 
The following table represents net periodic benefit (income) expense and changes in plan assets and benefit obligations recognized in other comprehensive (income) loss, before tax effect, for the fiscal years presented:
(in thousands)202220212020
Interest cost$4,368 $4,227 $4,947 
Expected return on plan assets(8,491)(7,777)(7,384)
Amortization of net loss1,163 1,861 1,720 
Net periodic benefit income$(2,960)$(1,689)$(717)
Net (gain) loss$(2,605)$(16,038)$4,671 
Amortization of net loss(1,163)(1,861)(1,720)
Total recognized in other comprehensive (income) loss$(3,768)$(17,899)$2,951 
Total recognized in net periodic pension benefit income and other comprehensive (income) loss$(6,728)$(19,588)$2,234 

The estimated net loss for the Defined Benefit Plan that will be amortized from accumulated other comprehensive loss into net periodic benefit cost over the next fiscal year is $1.2 million. The unrecognized gain or loss is amortized as follows: the total unrecognized gain or loss, less the larger of 10% of the liability or 10% of the assets, is divided by the average future working lifetime of active plan participants.

The following actuarial assumptions were used to determine the benefit obligations at the dates indicated:
Weighted-average assumptions used to determine benefit obligations:October 1, 2022October 2, 2021
Discount rate5.10 %2.80 %
Rate of compensation increaseN/AN/A
Weighted-average assumptions used to determine net periodic benefit cost:October 1, 2022October 2, 2021
Discount rate2.80 %2.55 %
Expected long-term return on plan assets6.37 %6.37 %
Rate of compensation increaseN/AN/A

The benchmark for the discount rates is an estimate of the single equivalent discount rate determined by matching the Defined Benefit Plan’s future expected cash flows to spot rates from a yield curve comprised of high-quality corporate bond rates of various durations.

The Defined Benefit Plan asset allocations at the dates indicated are as follows: 
October 1, 2022October 2, 2021
Equity securities47 %64 %
Debt securities53 %36 %
Total securities100 %100 %

There was no Company common stock included in equity securities. Assets of the Defined Benefit Plan are invested primarily in funds that further invest in equity or debt securities. Assets are valued using quoted prices in active markets.

The expected long-term rate of return on plan assets reflects the average rate of earnings expected on the funds invested, or to be invested, to provide for the benefits included in the PBO. In estimating that rate, appropriate consideration is given to the returns being earned by the plan assets in the fund and rates of return expected to be available for reinvestment and a building block method. The expected rate of return on each asset class is broken down into three components: (1) inflation, (2) the real risk-free rate of return (i.e., the long-term estimate of future returns on default free U.S. government securities), and (3) the risk premium for each asset class (i.e., the expected return in excess of the risk-free rate).

The investment strategy for pension plan assets is to limit risk through asset allocation, diversification, selection and timing. Assets are managed on a total return basis, with dividends and interest reinvested in the account.
The Company expects to make no contributions to its Defined Benefit Plan in fiscal 2023 in accordance with required IRS minimums. The following benefit payments are expected to be paid out of the Company's pension assets to the plan participants in the fiscal years indicated:
(in thousands)Expected Payments
2023$8,566 
20248,730 
20258,869 
20268,963 
20278,987 
2028 - 203244,331 
Total expected future benefit payments$88,446 

Defined Contribution Plan

The Company offers a defined contribution 401(k) plan covering substantially all U.S. employees and a defined contribution plan for Canadian employees. During fiscal 2022, fiscal 2021 and fiscal 2020, the Company offered a 50% match on the first 6% of the employee’s contributions. However, due to the impacts of COVID-19 and subsequent supply chain constraints, the Company temporarily paused this match from October 2020 through July 2021 and again from August 2022 through the end of fiscal 2022. The plans also provide for an additional discretionary match depending on Company performance. Compensation expense related to defined contribution plans totaled $1.6 million, $0.5 million and $2.2 million for fiscal 2022, fiscal 2021, and fiscal 2020, respectively.

Health Benefits

The Company provides and is predominantly self-insured for medical, dental, and accident and sickness benefits. A liability related to this obligation is recorded on the Company’s Consolidated Balance Sheets as accrued expenses. Total expense related to this plan recorded for fiscal 2022, fiscal 2021, and fiscal 2020, was $13.6 million, $13.8 million, and $14.9 million, respectively.

Employee Compensation Plans

The MIP compensates certain key salaried management employees and is derived based upon the "Adjusted EBITDA" (earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation, and amortization, as adjusted) and "Free Cash Flow" metrics. There were no MIP bonus liabilities included in accrued expenses on the Consolidated Balance Sheets at October 1, 2022 or October 2, 2021.
v3.22.2.2
Equity Investment in Affiliate
12 Months Ended
Oct. 01, 2022
Equity Method Investments and Joint Ventures [Abstract]  
Equity Investment in Affiliate
17. Equity Investment in Affiliate

On October 14, 2009, Blue Bird and Girardin MiniBus JV Inc. entered into a joint venture, Micro Bird Holdings, Inc. (“Micro Bird”), to combine the complementary expertise of the two separate manufacturers. Blue Bird Micro Bird by Girardin Type A buses are produced in Drummondville, Quebec by Micro Bird.

The Company holds a 50% equity interest in Micro Bird, utilizing the equity method of accounting as the Company does not have control to direct the activities that most significantly impact Micro Bird’s financial performance based on the shared powers of the venture partners. The carrying amount of the equity method investment is adjusted for the Company’s proportionate share of net earnings or losses and any dividends received. At October 1, 2022 and October 2, 2021, the carrying value of the Company's investment was $10.7 million and $14.8 million, respectively. During fiscal 2022 and fiscal 2021, Micro Bird did not pay any dividends to the venture partners.

In recognizing the Company’s 50% portion of Micro Bird net income or loss, the Company recorded $(4.2) million, $0.5 million, and $3.2 million in equity in net (loss) income of non-consolidated affiliate for fiscal 2022, fiscal 2021, and fiscal 2020, respectively.
v3.22.2.2
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss
12 Months Ended
Oct. 01, 2022
Equity [Abstract]  
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss
18. Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss

The following table provides information on changes in accumulated other comprehensive loss (“AOCL”) for the periods presented:
(in thousands)Defined Benefit Pension PlanTotal AOCL
Balance, September 28, 2019$(56,154)$(56,154)
Other comprehensive loss, gross(4,671)(4,671)
Amounts reclassified and included in earnings1,720 1,720 
Total before taxes(2,951)(2,951)
Income taxes708 708 
Balance, October 3, 2020$(58,397)$(58,397)
Other comprehensive income, gross16,038 16,038 
Amounts reclassified and included in earnings1,861 1,861 
Total before taxes17,899 17,899 
Income taxes(4,296)(4,296)
Balance, October 2, 2021$(44,794)$(44,794)
Other comprehensive income, gross2,605 2,605 
Amounts reclassified and included in earnings1,163 1,163 
Total before taxes3,768 3,768 
Income taxes(904)(904)
Balance, October 1, 2022$(41,930)$(41,930)
v3.22.2.2
Subsequent Events
12 Months Ended
Oct. 01, 2022
Subsequent Events [Abstract]  
Subsequent Events
19. Subsequent Events

Sixth Amendment to the Credit Agreement

On November 21, 2022, the Company executed a sixth amendment to the Credit Agreement, First Amended Credit Agreement, Second Amended Credit Agreement, Third Amended Credit Agreement, Fourth Amended Credit Agreement and Fifth Amended Credit Agreement ("Sixth Amended Credit Agreement"). The Sixth Amended Credit Agreement, among other things, extends the maturity date for both the Term Loan Facility and Revolving Credit Facility from September 13, 2023 to December 31, 2024. The total Revolving Credit Facility commitment is reduced to an aggregate principal amount of $90.0 million, of which $80.0 million is available for Borrower to draw, with the remaining $10.0 million subject to written approval from the lenders, which, once obtained, will be irrevocable. There was no change in the Term Loan Facility commitment; however, the Sixth Amended Credit Agreement requires principal repayments approximating $5.0 million on a quarterly basis through September 30, 2024, with the remaining balance due upon maturity. There were $151.6 million of term loan borrowings outstanding on the sixth amendment effective date.

The Sixth Amended Credit Agreement also provides for temporary amendments to certain financial performance covenants during the Amended Limited Availability Period, which will terminate on the date on which the Company’s TNLR for the two fiscal quarters most recently ended is each less than 4.00x and no default or event of default has occurred and is continuing. However, the Amended Limited Available Period can re-occur upon a default or event of default or if the TNLR for the immediately preceding fiscal quarter is equal to or greater than 4.00x.

The minimum consolidated EBITDA that the Company is required to maintain during the Amended Limited Availability Period is updated as set forth in the table below (in millions):

PeriodMinimum Consolidated EBITDA
Fiscal quarter ending July 1, 2023$50.0
Fiscal quarter ending September 30, 2023$60.0
For purposes of complying with the above minimum consolidated EBITDA covenant, the Company’s consolidated EBITDA for the (i) two fiscal quarter period ending July 1, 2023 is multiplied by 2 and (ii) three fiscal quarter period ending September 30, 2023 is multiplied by 4/3.

The minimum liquidity (in the form of undrawn availability under the Revolving Credit Facility and unrestricted cash and cash equivalents) that the Company is required to maintain at the end of each fiscal month during the Amended Limited Availability Period is amended as set forth in the table below (in millions):

PeriodMinimum Liquidity
Sixth amendment effective date through December 30, 2023$30.0

Additionally, the Units Covenant is amended for Units to be calculated at the end of each applicable fiscal month on a cumulative basis, with the minimum cumulative threshold that the Company is required to maintain during the Amended Limited Availability Period amended as set forth in the table below. The Units Covenant is triggered only if the Company’s liquidity for the most-recently ended fiscal month is less than $50.0 million during the Amended Limited Availability Period:

PeriodMinimum Units Manufactured
Period from October 2, 2022 and ending October 29, 2022450
Period from October 2, 2022 and ending November 26, 2022900
Period from October 2, 2022 and ending December 31, 20221,400
Period from October 2, 2022 and ending January 28, 20231,900
Period from October 2, 2022 and ending February 25, 20232,400
Period from October 2, 2022 and ending April 1, 20233,000

The Company is not required to comply with a maximum TNLR financial maintenance covenant for any fiscal quarters from the sixth amendment effective date through September 30, 2023, with the maximum threshold amended thereafter as follows:

Period  Maximum Total 
Net Leverage Ratio
Fiscal Quarter ending December 30, 2023 through the fiscal quarter ending March 30, 2024 4.00:1.00
Fiscal quarter ending June 29, 2024 and thereafter 3.50:1.00

The pricing grid in the Amended Credit Agreement, which is based on the TNLR, is applicable to both term loan and revolving borrowings and is determined in accordance with the amended pricing matrix set forth below:

LevelTotal Net Leverage RatioABR LoansSOFR Loans
ILess than 2.00x0.75%1.75%
IIGreater than or equal to 2.00x and less than 2.50x1.00%2.00%
IIIGreater than or equal to 2.50x and less than 3.00x1.25%2.25%
IVGreater than or equal to 3.00x and less than 3.25x1.50%2.50%
VGreater than or equal to 3.25x and less than 3.50x1.75%2.75%
VIGreater than or equal to 3.50x and less than 4.00x2.00%3.00%
VIIGreater than or equal to 4.00x and less than 4.50x2.75%3.75%
VIIIGreater than or equal to 4.50x and less than 5.00x3.75%4.75%
IXGreater than 5.00x4.75%5.75%

Further, the pricing margins for levels VII though IX above are each increased (x) by 0.25% if the aggregate revolving borrowings are equal to or greater than $50.0 million and less than or equal to $80.0 million and (y) by 0.50% if the aggregate revolving borrowings are greater than $80.0 million. On the sixth amendment effective date, the interest rate was set at SOFR plus 5.75% and will be adjusted, as applicable, for the fiscal quarter ending December 31, 2022 and subsequently in accordance with the amended pricing grid set forth above.
Finally, the Company is required to deliver to the administrative agent, on a quarterly basis, a projected consolidated balance sheet and consolidated statements of projected operations and cash flows for the next four fiscal quarter period.
v3.22.2.2
Schedule II - Valuation and Qualifying Accounts
12 Months Ended
Oct. 01, 2022
SEC Schedule, 12-09, Valuation and Qualifying Accounts [Abstract]  
Schedule II - Valuation and Qualifying Accounts
SCHEDULE II- VALUATION AND QUALIFYING ACCOUNTS
(in thousands)Allowance for Doubtful Accounts
Fiscal Year EndedBeginning BalanceCharges to Expense/(Income)Doubtful Accounts Written Off, NetEnding Balance
October 3, 2020$100 $— $— $100 
October 2, 2021100 — — 100 
October 1, 2022100 — — 100 
(in thousands)Deferred Tax Valuation Allowance
Fiscal Year EndedBeginning BalanceCharges to Expense/(Income)Charges utilized/Write offsEnding Balance
October 3, 2020$2,476 $999 $(22)$3,453 
October 2, 20213,453 — — 3,453 
October 1, 20223,453 2,050 — 5,503 
v3.22.2.2
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies and Recently Issued Accounting Standards (Policies)
12 Months Ended
Oct. 01, 2022
Accounting Policies [Abstract]  
Basis of Presentation
Basis of Presentation

The accompanying consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and its wholly-owned subsidiaries. All significant inter-company transactions and accounts have been eliminated in consolidation.

The Company’s fiscal year ends on the Saturday closest to September 30 with its quarters consisting of thirteen weeks in most years. The fiscal years ended October 1, 2022, October 2, 2021 and October 3, 2020 are referred to herein as “fiscal 2022,” “fiscal 2021” and “fiscal 2020,” respectively. There were 52 weeks in fiscal 2022 and fiscal 2021, and there were 53 weeks in fiscal 2020.
Use of Estimates and Assumptions Use of Estimates and Assumptions The preparation of financial statements in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the U.S. (“U.S. GAAP”) requires management to make estimates and assumptions. At the date of the financial statements, these estimates and assumptions affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosures of contingent assets and liabilities, and during the reporting period, these estimates and assumptions affect the reported amounts of revenues and expenses. For example, significant management judgments are required in determining excess, obsolete, or unsalable inventory, allowance for doubtful accounts, potential impairment of long-lived assets, goodwill and intangible assets, the accounting for self-insurance reserves, warranty reserves, pension obligations, income taxes, environmental liabilities and contingencies. Future events, including the extent and duration of any COVID-19 outbreaks and continued supply chain constraints and their related economic impacts, and their effects cannot be predicted with certainty, and, accordingly, the Company’s accounting estimates require the exercise of judgment. The accounting estimates used in the preparation of the Company’s consolidated financial statements may change as new events occur, as more experience is acquired, as additional information is obtained and as the Company’s operating environment changes. The Company evaluates and updates its assumptions and estimates on an ongoing basis and may employ outside experts to assist in the Company’s evaluations. Actual results could differ from the estimates that the Company has used.
Cash and Cash Equivalents Cash and Cash EquivalentsThe Company considers all highly liquid investments purchased with an original maturity of three months or less to be cash equivalents.
Allowance for Doubtful Accounts
Allowance for Doubtful Accounts

Accounts receivable consist of amounts owed to the Company by customers. The Company monitors collections and payments from customers, and generally does not require collateral. Accounts receivable are generally due within 30 to 90 days. The Company provides for the possible inability to collect accounts receivable by recording an allowance for doubtful accounts. The Company reserves for an account when it is considered potentially uncollectible. The Company estimates its allowance for doubtful accounts based on historical experience, aging of accounts receivable and information regarding the creditworthiness of its customers. To date, losses have been within the range of management’s expectations. The Company writes off accounts receivable if it determines that the account is uncollectible.
Revenue Recognition
Revenue Recognition

The Company records revenue when the following five steps have been completed:

1.Identification of the contract(s) with a customer;
2.Identification of the performance obligation(s) in the contract;
3.Determination of the transaction price;
4.Allocation of the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract; and
5.Recognition of revenue, when, or as, we satisfy performance obligations.

The Company records revenue when performance obligations are satisfied by transferring control of a promised good or service to the customer. The Company evaluates the transfer of control primarily from the customer’s perspective where the customer has the ability to direct the use of, and obtain substantially all of the remaining benefits from, that good or service.

Our product revenue includes sales of buses and bus parts, each of which are generally recognized as revenue at a point in time, once all conditions for revenue recognition have been met, as they represent our performance obligations in a sale. For buses, control is generally transferred and the customer has the ability to direct the use of and obtain substantially all of the remaining benefits of the product when the product is delivered or when the product has been completed, is ready for delivery, has been paid for, its title has transferred and it is awaiting pickup by the customer. For certain bus sale transactions, we may provide incentives including payment of a limited amount of future interest charges our customers may incur related to their purchase and financing of the bus with third party financing companies. We reduce revenue at the recording date by the full amount of potential future interest we may be obligated to pay, which is an application of the "most likely amount" method. For parts sales, control is generally transferred when the customer has the ability to direct the use of and obtain substantially all of the remaining benefits of the products, which generally coincides with the point in time when the customer has assumed risk of loss and title has passed for the goods sold.
The Company sells extended warranties related to its products. Revenue related to these contracts is recognized based on the stand-alone selling price of the arrangement, on a straight-line basis over the contract period, and costs thereunder are expensed as incurred.The Company includes shipping and handling revenues, which are costs billed to customers, in net sales on the Consolidated Statements of Operations. Shipping and handling costs incurred are included in cost of goods sold.
Self-Insurance Self-InsuranceThe Company is self-insured for the majority of its workers’ compensation and medical claims. The expected ultimate cost for claims incurred as of the balance sheet date is not discounted and is recognized as a liability. Self-insurance losses for claims filed and claims incurred but not reported are accrued based upon estimates of the aggregate liability for uninsured claims, using loss development factors and actuarial assumptions followed in the insurance industry and historical loss development experience.
Financial Instruments Financial InstrumentsThe Company’s financial instruments consist primarily of cash and cash equivalents, trade receivables, accounts payable, revolving credit facility and long-term debt. The carrying amounts of cash and cash equivalents, trade receivables and accounts payable approximate their fair values because of the short-term maturity and highly liquid nature of these instruments. The carrying value of the Company’s revolving credit facility and long-term debt approximates fair value due to the variable rates of interest, which reset frequently, relating to these debt instruments.
Derivative Instruments
Derivative Instruments

In limited circumstances, we may utilize derivative instruments to manage certain exposures to changes in foreign currency exchange rates or interest rates relating to variable rate debt. The fair values of all derivative instruments are recognized as assets or liabilities at the balance sheet date. Changes in the fair value of these derivative instruments are recognized in our operating results or included in other comprehensive income (loss), depending on whether the derivative instrument qualifies, and is appropriately designated, for hedge accounting treatment and if so, whether it represents a fair value or cash flow hedge. Gains and losses on derivative instruments are recognized in the operating results line item that reflects the underlying exposure that was mitigated either via a formal hedge accounting relationship or economically.
Inventories
Inventories

The Company values inventories at the lower of cost or net realizable value. The Company uses a standard costing methodology, which approximates cost on a first-in, first-out (“FIFO”) basis. The Company reviews the standard costs of raw materials, work-in-process and finished goods inventory on a periodic basis to ensure that its inventories approximate current actual costs. Manufacturing cost includes raw materials, direct labor and manufacturing overhead. Obsolete inventory amounts are based on historical usage and assumptions about future demand.
Property, Plant and Equipment
Property, Plant and Equipment

Property, plant and equipment are stated at cost, less accumulated depreciation and amortization. Depreciation and amortization is calculated on a straight-line basis using the following periods, which represent the estimated useful lives of the assets:
Years
Buildings15 - 33
Machinery and equipment5 - 10
Office furniture, equipment and other3 - 10
Computer equipment and software3 - 7
Costs, including capitalized interest and certain design, construction and installation costs related to assets that are under construction and are in the process of being readied for their intended use, are recorded as construction in progress and are not depreciated until such time as the subject asset is placed in service. Repairs and maintenance that do not extend the useful life of the asset are expensed as incurred. Upon sale, retirement, or other disposition of these assets, the costs and related accumulated depreciation are removed from the respective accounts and any gain or loss on the disposition is included on our Consolidated Statements of Operations.
Leases
Leases

We determine if an arrangement is or contains a lease at inception. The Company enters into lease arrangements primarily for office space, warehouse space, or a combination of both. We elected to account for leases with initial terms of 12 months or less by recording operating lease expense on a straight-line basis instead of recording lease assets or liabilities. For a lease with an initial term greater than 12 months, the Company records a right-of-use (“ROU”) asset and lease liability on the Consolidated Balance Sheets. ROU assets represent our right to use an underlying asset for the lease term and lease liabilities represent our obligation to make lease payments arising from the lease.

We determine whether the lease is an operating or finance lease at inception based on the information and expectations for the lease at that time. Operating lease ROU assets are included in property, plant and equipment and the lease liabilities are included in other current liabilities and other liabilities on our Consolidated Balance Sheets. Finance lease ROU assets are included in finance lease right-of-use assets and the lease liabilities are included in finance lease obligations (current) and finance lease obligations (long-term) on our Consolidated Balance Sheets.

Lease ROU assets and liabilities are recorded at commencement date based on the present value of lease payments over the lease term. As the leases recorded typically do not provide an implicit rate, we use our incremental borrowing rate based on the information available at commencement date in determining the present value of lease payments. Our lease terms may include options to extend or terminate the lease when it is reasonably certain that we will exercise that option. Operating lease ROU assets also include any base rental or lease payments made and exclude lease incentives.

The two components of operating lease expense, amortization and interest, are recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term as a single expense element within selling, general and administrative expenses on the Consolidated Statements of Operations. Under the finance lease model, interest on the lease liability is recognized in interest expense and amortization of ROU assets is recorded on the Consolidated Statements of Operations based on the underlying use of the assets.
Impairment of Long-Lived Assets Impairment of Long-Lived AssetsThe Company reviews its long-lived assets, including property, plant and equipment, for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable. If we are required to analyze recoverability based on a triggering event, undiscounted future cash flows over the estimated remaining life of the asset, or asset group, are projected. If these projected cash flows are less than the carrying amount, an impairment loss is recognized to the extent the fair value of the asset less any costs of disposition is less than the carrying amount of the asset. Judgments regarding the existence of impairment indicators are based on market and operational performance. Evaluating potential impairment also requires estimates of future operating results and cash flows.
Goodwill and Intangible Assets
Goodwill and Intangible Assets

Goodwill represents the excess of the purchase price of acquired businesses over the fair value of the assets acquired less liabilities assumed in connection with such acquisition. In accordance with the provisions of Accounting Standards Codification Topic ("ASC") 350, Intangibles—Goodwill and Other, goodwill and intangible assets with indefinite useful lives acquired in an acquisition are not amortized, but instead are tested for impairment at least annually or more frequently should an event occur or circumstances indicate that the carrying amount may be impaired. Such events or circumstances may include a significant change in business climate, economic and industry trends, legal factors, negative operating performance indicators, significant competition, changes in strategy or disposition of a reporting unit or a portion thereof.

We have two reporting units for which we test goodwill for impairment: Bus and Parts. In the evaluation of goodwill for impairment, we have the option to perform a qualitative assessment to determine whether further impairment testing is necessary or to perform a quantitative assessment by comparing the fair value of a reporting unit to its carrying amount, including goodwill. When performing a qualitative assessment, an entity is not required to calculate the fair value of a reporting unit unless the entity determines that it is more likely than not that its fair value is less than its carrying amount. If, when performing a quantitative assessment, the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying amount, then the amount of the impairment loss, if any, must be measured using step two of the
impairment analysis. In step two of the analysis, we would record an impairment loss equal to the excess of the carrying value of the reporting unit’s goodwill over its implied fair value, should such a circumstance arise.

The fair value of the reporting units is estimated primarily using the income approach, which incorporates the use of discounted cash flow ("DCF") analysis. A number of significant assumptions and estimates are involved in the application of the DCF model to forecast operating cash flows, including markets and market shares, sales volumes and prices, costs to produce, tax rates, capital spending, discount rate and working capital changes. The cash flow forecasts are based on approved strategic operating plans and long-term forecasts.

In the evaluation of indefinite lived assets for impairment, we have the option to perform a qualitative assessment to determine whether further impairment testing is necessary, or to perform a quantitative assessment by comparing the fair value of an asset to its carrying amount. The Company’s intangible asset with an indefinite useful life is the "Blue Bird" trade name. When performing a qualitative assessment, an entity is not required to calculate the fair value of the asset unless the entity determines that it is more likely than not that its fair value is less than its carrying amount. If a qualitative assessment is not performed or if a quantitative assessment is otherwise required, then the entity compares the fair value of an asset to its carrying amount and the amount of the impairment loss, if any, is the difference between fair value and carrying value. The fair value of our trade name is derived by using the relief from royalty method, which discounts the estimated cash savings we realized by owning the name instead of otherwise having to license or lease it.

Our intangible assets with a definite useful life are amortized over their estimated useful lives, 7 or 20 years, using the straight-line method. The useful lives of our intangible assets are reassessed annually and they are tested for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate the carrying amount of the asset may not be recoverable.
Debt Issue Costs
Debt Issue Costs

Amounts paid directly to lenders or as an original issue discount and amounts classified as issuance costs are recorded as a reduction in the carrying value of the debt, for which the Company had deferred financing costs totaling $1.4 million and $2.0 million at October 1, 2022 and October 2, 2021, respectively, incurred in connection with its debt facilities and related amendments.
All deferred financing costs are amortized to interest expense. The effective interest method is used for debt discounts related to the term loan. The Company’s amortization of these costs was $1.5 million, $1.1 million and $0.9 million for fiscal 2022, fiscal 2021 and fiscal 2020, respectively, and is reflected as a component of interest expense on the Consolidated Statements of Operations.
Pensions PensionsThe Company accounts for its pension benefit obligations using actuarial models. The measurement of plan obligations and assets was made at September 30, 2022. Effective January 1, 2006, the benefit plan was frozen to all participants. No accrual of future benefits is earned or calculated beyond this date. Accordingly, our obligation estimate is based on benefits earned at that time discounted using an estimate of the single equivalent discount rate determined by matching the plan’s future expected cash flows to spot rates from a yield curve comprised of high-quality corporate bond rates of various durations. The Company recognizes the funded status of its pension plan obligations on the Consolidated Balance Sheet and records in other comprehensive income (loss) certain gains and losses that arise during the period, but are deferred under pension accounting rules.
Product Warranty Costs
Product Warranty Costs

The Company’s products are generally warranted against defects in material and workmanship for a period of one year to five years. A provision for estimated warranty costs is recorded at the time a unit is sold. The methodology to determine the warranty reserve calculates the average expected warranty claims using warranty claims by body type, by month, over the life of the bus, which is then multiplied by remaining months under warranty, by warranty type. Management believes the methodology provides an accurate reserve estimate. Actual claims incurred could differ from the original estimates, requiring future adjustments.
Extended Product Warranty Costs The Bus segment also sells extended warranties related to its products. Revenue related to these contracts is recognized on a straight-line basis over the contract period and costs thereunder are expensed as incurred. All warranty expenses are recorded in the cost of goods sold line on the Consolidated Statements of Operations. The current methodology to determine short-term extended warranty income reserve is based on twelve months of the remaining warranty value for each effective extended warranty at the balance sheet date.
Research and Development Research and DevelopmentResearch and development costs are expensed as incurred and included in selling, general and administrative expenses on our Consolidated Statements of Operations.
Income Taxes
Income Taxes

The Company accounts for income taxes in accordance with ASC 740, Income Taxes (“ASC 740”), which requires an asset and liability approach to financial accounting and reporting for income taxes. Under this approach, deferred income taxes represent the expected future tax consequences of temporary differences between the financial statement and tax basis of assets and liabilities. The Company evaluates its ability, based on the weight of evidence available, to realize future tax benefits from deferred tax assets and establishes a valuation allowance to reduce a deferred tax asset to a level which, more likely than not, will be realized in future years.

The Company recognizes uncertain tax positions based on a cumulative probability assessment if it is more likely than not that the tax position will be sustained upon examination by an appropriate tax authority with full knowledge of all information. Recognized income tax positions are measured at the largest amount that is greater than 50% likely of being realized. Amounts recorded for uncertain tax positions are periodically assessed, including the evaluation of new facts and circumstances, to ensure sustainability of the positions. The Company records interest and penalties related to unrecognized tax benefits in income tax expense.

The Company's policy for releasing income tax effects from accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) is to use a specific identification approach.
Environmental Expenditures Environmental LiabilitiesThe Company records reserves for environmental liabilities on a discounted basis when environmental investigation and remediation obligations are probable and related costs are reasonably estimable.
Segment Reporting
Segment Reporting

Operating segments are components of an entity that engage in business activities with discrete financial information available that is regularly reviewed by the chief operating decision maker (“CODM”) in order to assess performance and allocate resources. The Company’s CODM is its President and Chief Executive Officer. As discussed further in Note 11, Segment Information, the Company determined its operating and reportable segments to be Bus and Parts. The Bus segment includes the manufacturing and assembly of school buses to be sold to a variety of customers across the U.S., Canada and in certain limited international markets. The Parts segment consists primarily of the purchase of parts from third parties to be sold to dealers within the Company’s network and certain large fleet customers.
Statement of Cash Flows
Statement of Cash Flows

We classify distributions received from our equity method investment, if any, using the nature of distribution approach, such that distributions received are classified based on the nature of the activity of the investee that generated the distribution. Returns on investment are classified within operating activities, while returns of investment are classified within investing activities.
Recently Issued and Adopted Accounting Standards
Recently Issued Accounting Standards

ASU 2020-04 On March 12, 2020, the Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") issued Accounting Standards Update ("ASU") 2020-04, Reference Rate Reform (Topic 848): Facilitation of the Effects of Reference Rate Reform on Financial Reporting, providing temporary guidance to ease the potential burden in accounting for reference rate reform primarily resulting from the discontinuation of the U.S. Dollar London Interbank Offering Rate ("LIBOR"), which was initially expected to occur on December 31, 2021. The amendments in ASU 2020-04 are elective and apply to all entities that have contracts, hedging relationships, and other transactions that reference LIBOR or another reference rate expected to be discontinued.

ASU 2021-01 On January 7, 2021, the FASB issued ASU 2021-01, Reference Rate Reform (Topic 848): Scope, which refines the scope of ASC 848, Reference Rate Reform, and clarifies some of its guidance as part of the FASB’s ongoing monitoring of global
reference rate reform activities. The ASU permits entities to elect certain optional expedients and exceptions when accounting for derivative contracts and certain hedging relationships affected by changes in the interest rates used for discounting cash flows, computing variation margin settlements, and calculating price alignment interest in connection with reference rate reform activities under way in global financial markets.

The above amendments are effective for all entities from March 12, 2020 through December 31, 2022. An entity may elect to apply the amendments to contract modifications on a (i) full retrospective basis as of any date from the beginning of an interim period that includes or is subsequent to March 12, 2020 or (ii) prospective basis from any date within an interim period that includes or is subsequent to March 12, 2020 through the date that the interim financial statements are issued or available to be issued.

On March 5, 2021, the Intercontinental Exchange, Inc. ("ICE") Benchmark Administration ("IBA"), the administrator of LIBOR, issued a statement, following the completion of a formal consultation process, reaffirming the preliminary announcement it made on November 30, 2020, to cease publication of (i) 1 week and 2 month LIBOR subsequent to December 31, 2021 and (ii) the overnight and 1, 3, 6 and 12 month LIBOR tenors subsequent to June 30, 2023. The IBA’s statement regarding such cessation dates primarily resulted from a majority of LIBOR panel banks communicating to the IBA that they would be unwilling to continue contributing to the relevant LIBOR settings after such dates. As a result, the IBA determined that it would be unable to publish the relevant LIBOR settings on a representative basis after such dates. The United Kingdom Financial Conduct Authority ("FCA"), which regulates the IBA, confirmed that, based on information it received from LIBOR panel banks, it does not expect that any LIBOR settings will become unrepresentative before the announced cessation dates summarized above.

During fiscal 2022, the Company’s interest rate collar, which was not designated in a hedge accounting relationship, and Amended Credit Agreement (defined below) were the only contracts that referenced an interest rate index (i.e., LIBOR) that is subject to the reference rate reform guidance included in the above amendments. The interest rate collar matured on September 30, 2022, prior to the July 1, 2023 date on which the IBA will no longer publish applicable LIBOR tenors, and therefore, was not modified to reflect the discontinuation of LIBOR. Accordingly, the Company was not required to decide whether or not to elect to adopt such amendments for the interest rate collar prior to December 31, 2022 (i.e., the last effective date for adopting the amendments).

On September 2, 2022, the Company executed a fifth amendment and limited waiver to the Credit Agreement (see Note 8, Debt, for further information), which among other things, resulted in an early opt-in to change one of the market interest rate indices that the Company can elect to accrue interest on outstanding borrowings from LIBOR to the Secured Overnight Financing Rate as administered by the Federal Reserve Bank of New York (“SOFR”). Such change will become effective at the end of the applicable interest period for any LIBOR borrowings outstanding on the fifth amendment effective date. By the end of the first quarter of fiscal 2023, no outstanding borrowings will accrue interest utilizing LIBOR. Although the modification had no impact on fiscal 2022 as no interest was accrued utilizing SOFR, the Company will adjust the effective interest rate on outstanding borrowings on a prospective basis, which is not expected to have a material impact on the consolidated financial statements.

Any recently issued accounting standards not identified above do not apply to the Company or the impact is expected to be immaterial.
v3.22.2.2
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies and Recently Issued Accounting Standards (Tables)
12 Months Ended
Oct. 01, 2022
Accounting Policies [Abstract]  
Property, Plant and Equipment Depreciation and amortization is calculated on a straight-line basis using the following periods, which represent the estimated useful lives of the assets:
Years
Buildings15 - 33
Machinery and equipment5 - 10
Office furniture, equipment and other3 - 10
Computer equipment and software3 - 7
Property, plant and equipment, net, consisted of the following at the dates indicated:
(in thousands)October 1, 2022October 2, 2021
Land$2,504 $2,504 
Buildings57,570 47,307 
Machinery and equipment105,789 101,836 
Office furniture, equipment and other2,276 2,185 
Computer equipment and software20,471 19,233 
Construction in process15,004 25,555 
Property, plant and equipment, gross203,614 198,620 
Accumulated depreciation and amortization(108,493)(98,290)
Operating lease right-of-use assets (1)5,487 5,152 
Property, plant and equipment, net$100,608 $105,482 
(1) Further information is included in Note 10, Guarantees, Commitments and Contingencies.
v3.22.2.2
Supplemental Financial Information (Tables)
12 Months Ended
Oct. 01, 2022
Condensed Financial Information [Abstract]  
Schedule of Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable
Accounts receivable, net, consisted of the following at the dates indicated:
(in thousands)
October 1, 2022October 2, 2021
Accounts receivable$12,634 $10,067 
Allowance for doubtful accounts(100)(100)
Accounts receivable, net $12,534 $9,967 
Schedule of Product Warranty Liability
The following table reflects activity in accrued warranty cost (current and long-term portion combined) for the fiscal years presented:
(in thousands)202220212020
Balance at beginning of period$18,550 $21,374 $22,343 
Add: current period accruals7,348 6,920 8,980 
Less: current period reductions of accrual(9,928)(9,744)(9,949)
Balance at end of period$15,970 $18,550 $21,374 
The following table reflects activity in deferred warranty income (current and long-term portions combined), for the sale of extended warranties of two years to five years, for the fiscal years presented:
(in thousands)202220212020
Balance at beginning of period$20,144 $22,588 $24,045 
   Add: current period deferred income6,847 6,192 7,298 
   Less: current period recognition of income(8,196)(8,636)(8,755)
Balance at end of period$18,795 $20,144 $22,588 
Schedule of Self Insurance Reserve
The following table reflects the total accrued self-insurance liability, comprised of workers' compensation and health insurance related claims, at the dates indicated:
(in thousands)October 1, 2022October 2, 2021
Current portion$3,996 $2,781 
Long-term portion1,794 1,732 
Total accrued self-insurance$5,790 $4,513 
v3.22.2.2
Inventories (Tables)
12 Months Ended
Oct. 01, 2022
Inventory Disclosure [Abstract]  
Schedule of Inventories, Current
The following table presents components of inventories at the dates indicated:
(in thousands)October 1, 2022October 2, 2021
Raw materials$106,070 $74,862 
Work in process35,398 41,257 
Finished goods1,509 9,087 
Total inventories$142,977 $125,206 
At October 1, 2022, certain Bus segment inventory had an approximate $8.8 million cumulative cost in excess of net realizable value, which was recognized as a loss in fiscal 2022.
v3.22.2.2
Property, Plant and Equipment (Tables)
12 Months Ended
Oct. 01, 2022
Property, Plant and Equipment [Abstract]  
Property, Plant and Equipment Depreciation and amortization is calculated on a straight-line basis using the following periods, which represent the estimated useful lives of the assets:
Years
Buildings15 - 33
Machinery and equipment5 - 10
Office furniture, equipment and other3 - 10
Computer equipment and software3 - 7
Property, plant and equipment, net, consisted of the following at the dates indicated:
(in thousands)October 1, 2022October 2, 2021
Land$2,504 $2,504 
Buildings57,570 47,307 
Machinery and equipment105,789 101,836 
Office furniture, equipment and other2,276 2,185 
Computer equipment and software20,471 19,233 
Construction in process15,004 25,555 
Property, plant and equipment, gross203,614 198,620 
Accumulated depreciation and amortization(108,493)(98,290)
Operating lease right-of-use assets (1)5,487 5,152 
Property, plant and equipment, net$100,608 $105,482 
(1) Further information is included in Note 10, Guarantees, Commitments and Contingencies.
v3.22.2.2
Goodwill (Tables)
12 Months Ended
Oct. 01, 2022
Goodwill and Intangible Assets Disclosure [Abstract]  
Schedule of Goodwill
The carrying amounts of goodwill by reporting unit are as follows at the dates indicated: 
(in thousands)Gross
Goodwill
Accumulated
Impairments
Net Goodwill
October 1, 2022
Bus$15,139 $— $15,139 
Parts3,686 — 3,686 
Total$18,825 $— $18,825 
October 2, 2021
Bus$15,139 $— $15,139 
Parts3,686 — 3,686 
Total$18,825 $— $18,825 
v3.22.2.2
Intangible Assets (Tables)
12 Months Ended
Oct. 01, 2022
Goodwill and Intangible Assets Disclosure [Abstract]  
Schedule of Finite-Lived Intangible Assets
The gross carrying amounts and accumulated amortization of intangible assets are as follows at the dates indicated: 
 October 1, 2022October 2, 2021
(in thousands)Gross
Carrying
Amount
Accumulated
Amortization
TotalGross
Carrying
Amount
Accumulated
Amortization
Total
Finite lived: Engineering designs$3,156 $3,016 $140 $3,156 $2,876 $280 
Finite lived: Customer relationships37,425 29,948 7,477 37,425 28,078 9,347 
Total amortized intangible assets40,581 32,964 7,617 40,581 30,954 9,627 
Indefinite lived: Trade name39,816 — 39,816 39,816 — 39,816 
Total intangible assets$80,397 $32,964 $47,433 $80,397 $30,954 $49,443 
Schedule of Indefinite-Lived Intangible Assets
The gross carrying amounts and accumulated amortization of intangible assets are as follows at the dates indicated: 
 October 1, 2022October 2, 2021
(in thousands)Gross
Carrying
Amount
Accumulated
Amortization
TotalGross
Carrying
Amount
Accumulated
Amortization
Total
Finite lived: Engineering designs$3,156 $3,016 $140 $3,156 $2,876 $280 
Finite lived: Customer relationships37,425 29,948 7,477 37,425 28,078 9,347 
Total amortized intangible assets40,581 32,964 7,617 40,581 30,954 9,627 
Indefinite lived: Trade name39,816 — 39,816 39,816 — 39,816 
Total intangible assets$80,397 $32,964 $47,433 $80,397 $30,954 $49,443 
Schedule of Finite-Lived Intangible Assets, Future Amortization Expense
Amortization expense for finite lived intangible assets for the next five years is expected to be as follows:
(in thousands)
Fiscal Years EndingAmortization Expense
2023$2,010 
20241,869 
20251,869 
20261,869 
Total amortization expense$7,617 
v3.22.2.2
Debt (Tables)
12 Months Ended
Oct. 01, 2022
Debt Disclosure [Abstract]  
Schedule of Long-term Debt Instruments
The interest rate on the Term Loan Facility was (i) from the first amendment effective date until the first quarter ended on or about September 30, 2018, LIBOR plus 2.25%, and (ii) commencing with the fiscal quarter ended on or about September 30, 2018 and thereafter, dependent on the Total Net Leverage Ratio ("TNLR") of the Company, an election of either base rate or LIBOR pursuant to the table below:
LevelTotal Net Leverage RatioABR LoansEurodollar Loans
ILess than 2.00x0.75%1.75%
IIGreater than or equal to 2.00x and less than 2.50x1.00%2.00%
IIIGreater than or equal to 2.50x and less than 3.00x1.25%2.25%
IVGreater than or equal to 3.00x and less than 3.25x1.50%2.50%
VGreater than or equal to 3.25x and less than 3.50x1.75%2.75%
VIGreater than 3.50x2.00%3.00%
Debt consisted of the following at the dates indicated:
(in thousands)October 1, 2022October 2, 2021
Term loans, net of deferred financing costs of $1,410 and $2,027, respectively
$150,190 $164,423 
Less: Current portion of long-term debt19,800 14,850 
Long-term debt, net of current portion$130,390 $149,573 
Schedule of Maturities of Long-term Debt
The schedule of remaining principal maturities for the term loans is as follows at October 1, 2022:
(in thousands)
YearPrincipal Payments
2023$19,800 
202419,800 
2025112,000 
Total remaining principal payments$151,600 
Schedule of Debt Covenant Requirements Instead, the minimum consolidated EBITDA that the Company was required to maintain during the Amended Limited Availability Period was updated to include fiscal 2022 as set forth in the table below (in millions):
PeriodMinimum Consolidated EBITDA
Fiscal quarter ending January 1, 2022$14.5
Fiscal quarter ending April 2, 2022$(4.5)
Fiscal quarter ending July 2, 2022$(6.8)
Fiscal quarter ending October 1, 2022$20.0
The minimum liquidity (in the form of undrawn availability under the Revolving Credit Facility and unrestricted cash and cash equivalents) that the Company was required to maintain during the Amended Limited Availability Period was amended as set forth in the table below (in millions):

PeriodMinimum Liquidity
Fourth amendment effective date through January 1, 2022$10.0
January 2, 2022 through April 2, 2022$5.0
April 3, 2022 through July 2, 2022$15.0
Thereafter$20.0
The Units Covenant was triggered only if the Company’s liquidity for the most-recently ended fiscal month was less than $50 million during the Amended Limited Availability Period:
PeriodMinimum Units Manufactured
Three month period ending November 27, 20211,128
Three month period ending January 1, 2022776
Three month period ending January 29, 2022748
Three month period ending February 26, 2022727
Three month period ending April 2, 2022763
Three month period ending April 30, 20221,111
Three month period ending May 28, 20221,525
Three month period ending July 2, 20222,053
Three month period ending July30, 20222,072
Three month period ending August 27, 20222,199
Three month period ending October 1, 20222,306
The pricing grid in the Fourth Amended Credit Agreement, which was based on the TNLR, was determined in accordance with the amended pricing matrix set forth below:

LevelTotal Net Leverage RatioABR LoansEurodollar Loans
ILess than 2.00x0.75%1.75%
IIGreater than or equal to 2.00x and less than 2.50x1.00%2.00%
IIIGreater than or equal to 2.50x and less than 3.00x1.25%2.25%
IVGreater than or equal to 3.00x and less than 3.25x1.50%2.50%
VGreater than or equal to 3.25x and less than 3.50x1.75%2.75%
VIGreater than or equal to 3.50x and less than 4.50x2.00%3.00%
VIIGreater than or equal to 4.50x and less than 5.00x3.25%4.25%
VIIIGreater than 5.00x4.25%5.25%
The minimum consolidated EBITDA that the Company is required to maintain during the Amended Limited Availability Period is updated as set forth in the table below (in millions):

PeriodMinimum Consolidated EBITDA
Fiscal quarter ending July 1, 2023$50.0
Fiscal quarter ending September 30, 2023$60.0
The minimum liquidity (in the form of undrawn availability under the Revolving Credit Facility and unrestricted cash and cash equivalents) that the Company is required to maintain at the end of each fiscal month during the Amended Limited Availability Period is amended as set forth in the table below (in millions):

PeriodMinimum Liquidity
Sixth amendment effective date through December 30, 2023$30.0
The Units Covenant is triggered only if the Company’s liquidity for the most-recently ended fiscal month is less than $50.0 million during the Amended Limited Availability Period:
PeriodMinimum Units Manufactured
Period from October 2, 2022 and ending October 29, 2022450
Period from October 2, 2022 and ending November 26, 2022900
Period from October 2, 2022 and ending December 31, 20221,400
Period from October 2, 2022 and ending January 28, 20231,900
Period from October 2, 2022 and ending February 25, 20232,400
Period from October 2, 2022 and ending April 1, 20233,000

The Company is not required to comply with a maximum TNLR financial maintenance covenant for any fiscal quarters from the sixth amendment effective date through September 30, 2023, with the maximum threshold amended thereafter as follows:

Period  Maximum Total 
Net Leverage Ratio
Fiscal Quarter ending December 30, 2023 through the fiscal quarter ending March 30, 2024 4.00:1.00
Fiscal quarter ending June 29, 2024 and thereafter 3.50:1.00

The pricing grid in the Amended Credit Agreement, which is based on the TNLR, is applicable to both term loan and revolving borrowings and is determined in accordance with the amended pricing matrix set forth below:

LevelTotal Net Leverage RatioABR LoansSOFR Loans
ILess than 2.00x0.75%1.75%
IIGreater than or equal to 2.00x and less than 2.50x1.00%2.00%
IIIGreater than or equal to 2.50x and less than 3.00x1.25%2.25%
IVGreater than or equal to 3.00x and less than 3.25x1.50%2.50%
VGreater than or equal to 3.25x and less than 3.50x1.75%2.75%
VIGreater than or equal to 3.50x and less than 4.00x2.00%3.00%
VIIGreater than or equal to 4.00x and less than 4.50x2.75%3.75%
VIIIGreater than or equal to 4.50x and less than 5.00x3.75%4.75%
IXGreater than 5.00x4.75%5.75%
v3.22.2.2
Income Taxes (Tables)
12 Months Ended
Oct. 01, 2022
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]  
Schedule of Components of Income Tax (Benefit) Expense
The components of income tax benefit (expense) were as follows for the fiscal years presented: 
(in thousands)202220212020
Current tax provision:
Federal$380 $348 $(1,425)
State— (82)(65)
Total current tax benefit (expense)$380 $266 $(1,490)
Deferred tax provision:
Federal$10,862 $604 $(715)
State209 321 686 
Total deferred tax benefit (expense)11,071 925 (29)
Income tax benefit (expense)$11,451 $1,191 $(1,519)
Schedule of Effective Income Tax Rate Reconciliation
A reconciliation between the reported income tax benefit (expense) and the amount computed by applying the statutory federal income tax rate is as follows: 
(in thousands)202220212020
Federal tax benefit (expense) at statutory rate$11,141 $415 $(2,203)
Increase (reduction) in income tax benefit resulting from:
State taxes, net2,240 552 1,508 
Change in uncertain tax positions395 (635)— 
Share-based compensation(513)(135)188 
Permanent items(31)(20)(33)
Valuation allowance(2,050)— (977)
Tax credits285 450 390 
Return to accrual adjustments(212)476 (260)
Investor tax on non-consolidated affiliate income231 (28)(185)
Other(35)116 53 
Income tax benefit (expense)$11,451 $1,191 $(1,519)
Schedule of Unrecognized Tax Benefits Roll Forward A reconciliation of the beginning and ending amount of unrecognized tax benefits is as follows:
(in thousands)202220212020
Balance, beginning of year$370 $— $— 
Additions for tax positions of prior years— 370 — 
Lapses of applicable statute of limitations(260)— — 
Balance, end of year$110 $370 $— 
Schedule of Deferred Tax Assets and Liabilities
The following table sets forth the sources of and differences between the financial accounting and tax bases of the Company’s assets and liabilities which give rise to the net deferred tax assets at the dates indicated:
(in thousands)October 1, 2022October 2, 2021
Deferred tax liabilities
Property, plant and equipment$(9,899)$(10,475)
Other intangible assets(11,539)(12,060)
Investor tax on non-consolidated affiliate income(461)(692)
Other assets(127)(105)
Total deferred tax liabilities$(22,026)$(23,332)
Deferred tax assets
NOL carryforward$7,928 $1,126 
Accrued expenses5,335 6,941 
Compensation5,139 6,691 
Interest limitation carryforward5,098 1,071 
Inventories3,972 760 
Unearned income3,046 3,488 
Tax credits7,918 7,448 
Total deferred tax assets$38,436 $27,525 
Less: valuation allowance(5,503)(3,453)
Deferred tax assets less valuation allowance$32,933 $24,072 
Net deferred tax assets$10,907 $740 
v3.22.2.2
Guarantees, Commitments and Contingencies (Tables)
12 Months Ended
Oct. 01, 2022
Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure [Abstract]  
Schedule of Supplemental Cash Flow Information
The components of lease costs included on the Consolidated Statements of Operations are as follows:
(in thousands)Fiscal Years Ended
Lease costClassification20222021
Operating leasesSelling, general and administrative expenses$1,399 $1,149 
Finance leases
Amortization of lease assetsCost of goods sold1,157 1,497 
Interest on lease liabilitiesInterest expense171 241 
Short-term leases (1)Cost of goods sold or selling, general and administrative expenses995 487 
Total lease cost$3,722 $3,374 
(1) Short-term lease cost includes both leases and rentals with initial terms of one year or less. Classification depends on the purpose of the underlying lease.
Supplemental cash flow information is presented in the following table:
Fiscal Years Ended
(in thousands)20222021
Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities
Operating cash flows - operating leases$1,572 $1,394 
Operating cash flows - finance leases171 241 
Financing cash flows - finance leases1,132 1,294 
Right-of-use assets exchanged for lease liabilities
Operating leases$1,424 $62 
Schedule of Supplemental Balance Sheet Information
The following table summarizes the lease amounts included on the Consolidated Balance Sheets as follows:
(in thousands)Balance Sheet LocationOctober 1, 2022October 2, 2021
Assets
Operating Property, plant and equipment$5,487 $5,152 
Finance (1)Finance lease right-of-use1,736 5,486 
Total lease assets$7,223 $10,638 
Liabilities
Current
OperatingOther current liabilities$2,150 $1,158 
FinanceFinance lease obligations566 1,327 
Long-term
OperatingOther liabilities4,578 5,529 
FinanceFinance lease obligations1,574 4,538 
Total lease liabilities$8,868 $12,552 
(1) Net of accumulated amortization of $1.8 million and $2.8 million, respectively.
Lease terms and discount rates are presented in the following table:
October 1, 2022
OperatingFinance
Weighted average remaining lease term3.8 years2.4 years
Weighted average discount rate5.1 %3.3 %
Schedule of Operating Lease Liability Maturities Lease liability maturities are presented in the following table:
(in thousands)October 1, 2022
Fiscal Years EndedOperatingFinanceTotal
2023$2,436 $631 $3,067 
20241,697 631 2,328 
20251,456 994 2,450 
20261,097 — 1,097 
2027587 — 587 
Thereafter98 — 98 
Total future minimum lease payments7,371 2,256 9,627 
Less: imputed interest643 116 759 
Total lease liabilities$6,728 $2,140 $8,868 
Schedule of Finance Lease Liability Maturities Lease liability maturities are presented in the following table:
(in thousands)October 1, 2022
Fiscal Years EndedOperatingFinanceTotal
2023$2,436 $631 $3,067 
20241,697 631 2,328 
20251,456 994 2,450 
20261,097 — 1,097 
2027587 — 587 
Thereafter98 — 98 
Total future minimum lease payments7,371 2,256 9,627 
Less: imputed interest643 116 759 
Total lease liabilities$6,728 $2,140 $8,868 
Contractual Obligation, Fiscal Year Maturity
In the ordinary course of business, the Company enters into short-term contractual purchase orders for manufacturing inventory and capital assets. The amount of these commitments is expected to be as follows:
(in thousands)
Fiscal Years EndedAmount
2023$63,562 
Total purchase commitments$63,562 
v3.22.2.2
Segment Information (Tables)
12 Months Ended
Oct. 01, 2022
Segment Reporting [Abstract]  
Schedule of Segment Reporting Information, by Segment
Net sales
(in thousands)202220212020
Bus (1)$723,505 $625,198 $822,616 
Parts (1)77,132 58,797 56,605 
Segment net sales$800,637 $683,995 $879,221 
(1) Parts segment revenue includes $3.9 million, $3.8 million, and $4.1 million for fiscal 2022, fiscal 2021 and fiscal 2020, respectively, related to inter-segment sales of parts that was eliminated by the Bus segment upon consolidation.
 
Gross profit
(in thousands)202220212020
Bus$5,065 $50,394 $76,059 
Parts31,481 21,747 20,141 
Segment gross profit$36,546 $72,141 $96,200 
Reconciliation of Operating Profit from Segments to Consolidated
The following table is a reconciliation of segment gross profit to consolidated income before income taxes for the fiscal years presented:
(in thousands)202220212020
Segment gross profit$36,546 $72,141 $96,200 
Adjustments:
Selling, general and administrative expenses(77,246)(65,619)(74,206)
Interest expense(14,675)(9,682)(12,252)
Interest income11 
Other income, net2,947 1,776 738 
Loss on debt modification(632)(598)— 
(Loss) income before income taxes$(53,051)$(1,978)$10,491 
Revenue from External Customers by Geographic Areas
Sales are attributable to geographic areas based on customer location and were as follows for the fiscal years presented:
(in thousands)202220212020
United States$726,227 $601,751 795,207 
Canada69,683 75,644 79,442 
Rest of world4,727 6,600 4,572 
Total net sales$800,637 $683,995 879,221 
v3.22.2.2
Revenue (Tables)
12 Months Ended
Oct. 01, 2022
Revenue from Contract with Customer [Abstract]  
Disaggregation of Revenue
The following table disaggregates revenue by product category for the periods presented:
Fiscal Years Ended
(in thousands)202220212020
Diesel buses$276,395 $291,203 $397,567 
Alternative powered buses (1)407,599 300,706 381,555 
Other (2)41,858 34,875 45,191 
Parts74,785 57,211 54,908 
Net sales$800,637 $683,995 $879,221 
(1) Includes buses sold with any power source other than diesel (e.g., gasoline, propane, compressed natural gas ("CNG"), or electric).
(2) Includes shipping and handling revenue, extended warranty income, surcharges, chassis, and bus shell sales.
v3.22.2.2
Earnings Per Share (Tables)
12 Months Ended
Oct. 01, 2022
Earnings Per Share [Abstract]  
Schedule of Earnings Per Share, Basic and Diluted
The following table presents the basic and diluted earnings per share computation for the fiscal years presented:
(in thousands except share data)202220212020
Numerator:
Net (loss) income $(45,759)$(289)$12,185 
Basic (loss) earnings per share:
Weighted average common shares outstanding31,020,399 27,139,054 26,850,999 
Basic (loss) earnings per share$(1.48)$(0.01)$0.45 
Diluted (loss) earnings per share (1):
Weighted average common shares outstanding31,020,399 27,139,054 26,850,999 
Weighted average dilutive securities, restricted stock— — 188,791 
Weighted average dilutive securities, stock options— — 46,765 
Weighted average shares and dilutive potential common shares31,020,399 27,139,054 27,086,555 
Diluted (loss) earnings per share$(1.48)$(0.01)$0.45 
(1) Potentially dilutive securities representing 0.5 million and 0.9 million shares of common stock were excluded from the computation of diluted earnings per share for fiscal 2022 and fiscal 2021, respectively, as their effect would have been anti-dilutive.
v3.22.2.2
Share-Based Compensation (Tables)
12 Months Ended
Oct. 01, 2022
Share-based Payment Arrangement [Abstract]  
Schedule of Share-based Compensation, Restricted Stock and Restricted Stock Units Activity
The following table summarizes the Company's restricted stock and RSU activity for the fiscal year presented:
2022
Restricted Stock ActivityNumber of SharesWeighted-Average Grant Date Fair Value
Balance, beginning of year248,845 $18.50 
Granted188,711 17.45 
Vested(214,926)23.73 
Forfeited(65,313)17.78 
Balance, end of year157,317 17.35 
Schedule of Share-based Compensation, Stock Options, Activity
The following table summarizes the Company's stock option activity for the fiscal year presented:
2022
Number of OptionsWeighted Average Exercise Price per Share ($)
Outstanding options, beginning of year626,167 $17.93 
Granted169,465 19.37 
Exercised (1)(15,586)18.28 
Expired(57,580)17.76 
Forfeited(205,879)17.86 
Outstanding options, end of year (2)516,587 $18.07 
Fully vested and exercisable options, end of year (3)372,120 $17.70 
(1) Stock options exercised during the fiscal year had an aggregate intrinsic value totaling less than $0.1 million.
(2) Stock options outstanding at the end of the fiscal year had $(5.0) million intrinsic value.
(3) Fully vested and exercisable options at the end of the fiscal year had $(3.5) million intrinsic value.
Schedule of Share-based Payment Award, Stock Options, Valuation Assumptions
The fair value of each option award at grant date was estimated using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model with the following assumptions made and resulting grant-date fair values during the fiscal years presented:
202220212020
Expected volatility46 %41 %32 %
Expected dividend yield%%%
Risk-free interest rate1.30 %0.49 %1.61 %
Expected term (in years)4.5 - 6.02.7 - 6.04.5 - 6.0
Weighted-average grant-date fair value$7.04 $6.58 $6.91 
v3.22.2.2
Benefit Plans (Tables)
12 Months Ended
Oct. 01, 2022
Retirement Benefits [Abstract]  
Schedule of Changes in Projected Benefit Obligations
The reconciliation of the beginning and ending balances of the PBO for the Defined Benefit Plan for the fiscal years indicated is presented in the following table:
Benefit Obligation
(in thousands)20222021
Projected benefit obligation balance, beginning of year$160,088 $169,741 
Interest cost4,368 4,227 
Actuarial gain (1)(33,293)(6,627)
Benefits paid(8,592)(7,253)
Projected benefit obligations balance, end of year$122,571 $160,088 
(1) Includes assumption changes resulting from (i) changes in the utilized discount rate to value the future obligations, and (ii) updates to the mortality table projections used in the calculation of the benefit obligations.
Schedule of Changes in Fair Value of Plan Assets The summary and reconciliation of the beginning and ending balances of the fair value of the Defined Benefit Plan assets are as follows:
Plan Assets
(in thousands)20222021
Fair value of plan assets, beginning of year$137,337 $122,482 
Actual return on plan assets(22,198)17,188 
Employer contribution— 4,920 
Benefits paid(8,592)(7,253)
Fair value of plan assets, end of year$106,547 $137,337 
Schedule of Net Funded Status The net pension liability is reflected in long-term liabilities on the Consolidated Balance Sheets.
Funded Status
(in thousands)October 1, 2022October 2, 2021
Benefit obligation$122,571 $160,088 
Fair value of plan assets106,547 137,337 
Funded status(16,024)(22,751)
Net pension liability recognized$(16,024)$(22,751)
Schedule of Allocation of Plan Assets
The following table sets forth, by level within the fair value hierarchy, a summary of the Defined Benefit Plan’s investments measured at fair value:
(in thousands)Level 1Level 2Level 3Total
October 1, 2022
Assets:
Equity securities$— $50,590 $— $50,590 
Debt securities— 55,957 — 55,957 
Total assets at fair value$— $106,547 $— $106,547 
October 2, 2021
Assets:
Equity securities$— $87,827 $— $87,827 
Debt securities— 49,510 — 49,510 
Total assets at fair value$— $137,337 $— $137,337 
The Defined Benefit Plan asset allocations at the dates indicated are as follows: 
October 1, 2022October 2, 2021
Equity securities47 %64 %
Debt securities53 %36 %
Total securities100 %100 %
Schedule of Defined Benefit Plan Amounts Recognized in Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)
The following table represents net periodic benefit (income) expense and changes in plan assets and benefit obligations recognized in other comprehensive (income) loss, before tax effect, for the fiscal years presented:
(in thousands)202220212020
Interest cost$4,368 $4,227 $4,947 
Expected return on plan assets(8,491)(7,777)(7,384)
Amortization of net loss1,163 1,861 1,720 
Net periodic benefit income$(2,960)$(1,689)$(717)
Net (gain) loss$(2,605)$(16,038)$4,671 
Amortization of net loss(1,163)(1,861)(1,720)
Total recognized in other comprehensive (income) loss$(3,768)$(17,899)$2,951 
Total recognized in net periodic pension benefit income and other comprehensive (income) loss$(6,728)$(19,588)$2,234 
Schedule of Assumptions Used
The following actuarial assumptions were used to determine the benefit obligations at the dates indicated:
Weighted-average assumptions used to determine benefit obligations:October 1, 2022October 2, 2021
Discount rate5.10 %2.80 %
Rate of compensation increaseN/AN/A
Weighted-average assumptions used to determine net periodic benefit cost:October 1, 2022October 2, 2021
Discount rate2.80 %2.55 %
Expected long-term return on plan assets6.37 %6.37 %
Rate of compensation increaseN/AN/A
Schedule of Expected Benefit Payments The following benefit payments are expected to be paid out of the Company's pension assets to the plan participants in the fiscal years indicated:
(in thousands)Expected Payments
2023$8,566 
20248,730 
20258,869 
20268,963 
20278,987 
2028 - 203244,331 
Total expected future benefit payments$88,446 
v3.22.2.2
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss (Tables)
12 Months Ended
Oct. 01, 2022
Equity [Abstract]  
Schedule of Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)
The following table provides information on changes in accumulated other comprehensive loss (“AOCL”) for the periods presented:
(in thousands)Defined Benefit Pension PlanTotal AOCL
Balance, September 28, 2019$(56,154)$(56,154)
Other comprehensive loss, gross(4,671)(4,671)
Amounts reclassified and included in earnings1,720 1,720 
Total before taxes(2,951)(2,951)
Income taxes708 708 
Balance, October 3, 2020$(58,397)$(58,397)
Other comprehensive income, gross16,038 16,038 
Amounts reclassified and included in earnings1,861 1,861 
Total before taxes17,899 17,899 
Income taxes(4,296)(4,296)
Balance, October 2, 2021$(44,794)$(44,794)
Other comprehensive income, gross2,605 2,605 
Amounts reclassified and included in earnings1,163 1,163 
Total before taxes3,768 3,768 
Income taxes(904)(904)
Balance, October 1, 2022$(41,930)$(41,930)
v3.22.2.2
Subsequent Events (Tables)
12 Months Ended
Oct. 01, 2022
Subsequent Events [Abstract]  
Schedule of Debt Covenant Requirements Instead, the minimum consolidated EBITDA that the Company was required to maintain during the Amended Limited Availability Period was updated to include fiscal 2022 as set forth in the table below (in millions):
PeriodMinimum Consolidated EBITDA
Fiscal quarter ending January 1, 2022$14.5
Fiscal quarter ending April 2, 2022$(4.5)
Fiscal quarter ending July 2, 2022$(6.8)
Fiscal quarter ending October 1, 2022$20.0
The minimum liquidity (in the form of undrawn availability under the Revolving Credit Facility and unrestricted cash and cash equivalents) that the Company was required to maintain during the Amended Limited Availability Period was amended as set forth in the table below (in millions):

PeriodMinimum Liquidity
Fourth amendment effective date through January 1, 2022$10.0
January 2, 2022 through April 2, 2022$5.0
April 3, 2022 through July 2, 2022$15.0
Thereafter$20.0
The Units Covenant was triggered only if the Company’s liquidity for the most-recently ended fiscal month was less than $50 million during the Amended Limited Availability Period:
PeriodMinimum Units Manufactured
Three month period ending November 27, 20211,128
Three month period ending January 1, 2022776
Three month period ending January 29, 2022748
Three month period ending February 26, 2022727
Three month period ending April 2, 2022763
Three month period ending April 30, 20221,111
Three month period ending May 28, 20221,525
Three month period ending July 2, 20222,053
Three month period ending July30, 20222,072
Three month period ending August 27, 20222,199
Three month period ending October 1, 20222,306
The pricing grid in the Fourth Amended Credit Agreement, which was based on the TNLR, was determined in accordance with the amended pricing matrix set forth below:

LevelTotal Net Leverage RatioABR LoansEurodollar Loans
ILess than 2.00x0.75%1.75%
IIGreater than or equal to 2.00x and less than 2.50x1.00%2.00%
IIIGreater than or equal to 2.50x and less than 3.00x1.25%2.25%
IVGreater than or equal to 3.00x and less than 3.25x1.50%2.50%
VGreater than or equal to 3.25x and less than 3.50x1.75%2.75%
VIGreater than or equal to 3.50x and less than 4.50x2.00%3.00%
VIIGreater than or equal to 4.50x and less than 5.00x3.25%4.25%
VIIIGreater than 5.00x4.25%5.25%
The minimum consolidated EBITDA that the Company is required to maintain during the Amended Limited Availability Period is updated as set forth in the table below (in millions):

PeriodMinimum Consolidated EBITDA
Fiscal quarter ending July 1, 2023$50.0
Fiscal quarter ending September 30, 2023$60.0
The minimum liquidity (in the form of undrawn availability under the Revolving Credit Facility and unrestricted cash and cash equivalents) that the Company is required to maintain at the end of each fiscal month during the Amended Limited Availability Period is amended as set forth in the table below (in millions):

PeriodMinimum Liquidity
Sixth amendment effective date through December 30, 2023$30.0
The Units Covenant is triggered only if the Company’s liquidity for the most-recently ended fiscal month is less than $50.0 million during the Amended Limited Availability Period:
PeriodMinimum Units Manufactured
Period from October 2, 2022 and ending October 29, 2022450
Period from October 2, 2022 and ending November 26, 2022900
Period from October 2, 2022 and ending December 31, 20221,400
Period from October 2, 2022 and ending January 28, 20231,900
Period from October 2, 2022 and ending February 25, 20232,400
Period from October 2, 2022 and ending April 1, 20233,000

The Company is not required to comply with a maximum TNLR financial maintenance covenant for any fiscal quarters from the sixth amendment effective date through September 30, 2023, with the maximum threshold amended thereafter as follows:

Period  Maximum Total 
Net Leverage Ratio
Fiscal Quarter ending December 30, 2023 through the fiscal quarter ending March 30, 2024 4.00:1.00
Fiscal quarter ending June 29, 2024 and thereafter 3.50:1.00

The pricing grid in the Amended Credit Agreement, which is based on the TNLR, is applicable to both term loan and revolving borrowings and is determined in accordance with the amended pricing matrix set forth below:

LevelTotal Net Leverage RatioABR LoansSOFR Loans
ILess than 2.00x0.75%1.75%
IIGreater than or equal to 2.00x and less than 2.50x1.00%2.00%
IIIGreater than or equal to 2.50x and less than 3.00x1.25%2.25%
IVGreater than or equal to 3.00x and less than 3.25x1.50%2.50%
VGreater than or equal to 3.25x and less than 3.50x1.75%2.75%
VIGreater than or equal to 3.50x and less than 4.00x2.00%3.00%
VIIGreater than or equal to 4.00x and less than 4.50x2.75%3.75%
VIIIGreater than or equal to 4.50x and less than 5.00x3.75%4.75%
IXGreater than 5.00x4.75%5.75%
v3.22.2.2
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies and Recently Issued Accounting Standards - Narrative (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Millions
12 Months Ended
Oct. 01, 2022
Oct. 02, 2021
Oct. 03, 2020
Sep. 13, 2018
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]        
Deferred financing fees $ 1.4 $ 2.0   $ 2.0
Debt amortization/ Non-cash interest expense $ 1.5 1.1 $ 0.9  
Product Warranty Liability [Line Items]        
Extended product warranty, period 12 months      
Research and development expense $ 6.1 $ 5.2 $ 6.4  
Minimum        
Product Warranty Liability [Line Items]        
Standard product warranty, period 1 year      
Extended product warranty, period 2 years      
Maximum        
Product Warranty Liability [Line Items]        
Standard product warranty, period 5 years      
Extended product warranty, period 5 years      
Engineering designs | Maximum        
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]        
Estimated life 7 years      
Customer relationships        
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]        
Estimated life 20 years      
v3.22.2.2
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies and Recently Issued Accounting Standards - Useful Lives of Property, Plant and Equipment (Details)
12 Months Ended
Oct. 01, 2022
Buildings | Minimum  
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]  
Useful life 15 years
Buildings | Maximum  
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]  
Useful life 33 years
Machinery and equipment | Minimum  
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]  
Useful life 5 years
Machinery and equipment | Maximum  
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]  
Useful life 10 years
Computer equipment and software | Minimum  
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]  
Useful life 3 years
Computer equipment and software | Maximum  
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]  
Useful life 7 years
Office furniture and fixtures | Minimum  
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]  
Useful life 3 years
Office furniture and fixtures | Maximum  
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]  
Useful life 10 years
v3.22.2.2
Supplemental Financial Information - Accounts Receivable (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Thousands
Oct. 01, 2022
Oct. 02, 2021
Condensed Financial Information [Abstract]    
Accounts receivable $ 12,634 $ 10,067
Allowance for doubtful accounts (100) (100)
Accounts receivable, net $ 12,534 $ 9,967
v3.22.2.2
Supplemental Financial Information - Product Warranty Rollforward (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Thousands
12 Months Ended
Oct. 01, 2022
Oct. 02, 2021
Oct. 03, 2020
Movement in Standard Product Warranty Accrual [Roll Forward]      
Balance at beginning of period $ 18,550 $ 21,374 $ 22,343
Add: current period accruals 7,348 6,920 8,980
Less: current period reductions of accrual (9,928) (9,744) (9,949)
Balance at end of period $ 15,970 $ 18,550 $ 21,374
v3.22.2.2
Supplemental Financial Information - Extended Warranty Income (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Thousands
12 Months Ended
Oct. 01, 2022
Oct. 02, 2021
Oct. 03, 2020
Movement in Extended Product Warranty Accrual [Roll Forward]      
Balance at beginning of period $ 20,144 $ 22,588 $ 24,045
Add: current period deferred income 6,847 6,192 7,298
Less: current period recognition of income (8,196) (8,636) (8,755)
Balance at end of period $ 18,795 $ 20,144 $ 22,588
v3.22.2.2
Supplemental Financial Information - Remaining Performance Obligation (Details) - Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction, Start Date [Axis]: 2021-10-03
$ in Millions
Oct. 01, 2022
USD ($)
Condensed Financial Information [Abstract]  
Revenue, remaining performance obligation, amount $ 7.2
Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction [Line Items]  
Revenue, remaining performance obligation, period 12 months
v3.22.2.2
Supplemental Financial Information - Self Insurance (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Thousands
Oct. 01, 2022
Oct. 02, 2021
Condensed Financial Information [Abstract]    
Current portion $ 3,996 $ 2,781
Long-term portion 1,794 1,732
Total accrued self-insurance $ 5,790 $ 4,513
v3.22.2.2
Supplemental Financial Information - Narrative (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Millions
12 Months Ended
Oct. 01, 2022
Oct. 02, 2021
Oct. 03, 2020
Product Warranty Liability [Line Items]      
Extended product warranty, period 12 months    
Shipping and handling revenue $ 16.0 $ 13.4 $ 16.9
Shipping and handling costs $ 14.3 $ 11.7 $ 14.5
Minimum      
Product Warranty Liability [Line Items]      
Extended product warranty, period 2 years    
Maximum      
Product Warranty Liability [Line Items]      
Extended product warranty, period 5 years    
v3.22.2.2
Supplemental Financial Information - Derivative Instruments (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Millions
12 Months Ended
Nov. 30, 2018
Oct. 24, 2018
Oct. 01, 2022
Derivative Instruments, Gain (Loss) [Line Items]      
Interest rate collar 4 years    
Payment for derivative     $ 1.2
Interest Rate Collar      
Derivative Instruments, Gain (Loss) [Line Items]      
Interest rate collar   4 years  
Derivative, notional amount   $ 150.0  
Floor interest rate   1.50%  
Ceiling interest rate   3.30%  
v3.22.2.2
Inventories (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Thousands
Oct. 01, 2022
Oct. 02, 2021
Inventory Disclosure [Abstract]    
Raw materials $ 106,070 $ 74,862
Work in process 35,398 41,257
Finished goods 1,509 9,087
Total inventories 142,977 $ 125,206
Excess inventory value over cost $ 8,800  
v3.22.2.2
Property, Plant and Equipment (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Thousands
12 Months Ended
Oct. 01, 2022
Oct. 02, 2021
Oct. 03, 2020
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]      
Property, plant and equipment, gross $ 203,614 $ 198,620  
Accumulated depreciation and amortization (108,493) (98,290)  
Operating lease, right-of-use assets 5,487 5,152  
Property, plant and equipment, net 100,608 105,482  
Depreciation 10,900 9,800 $ 10,100
Capitalized interest expense related to construction of plant manufacturing assets 700    
Land      
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]      
Property, plant and equipment, gross 2,504 2,504  
Buildings      
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]      
Property, plant and equipment, gross 57,570 47,307  
Machinery and equipment      
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]      
Property, plant and equipment, gross 105,789 101,836  
Office furniture, equipment and other      
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]      
Property, plant and equipment, gross 2,276 2,185  
Computer equipment and software      
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]      
Property, plant and equipment, gross 20,471 19,233  
Construction in process      
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]      
Property, plant and equipment, gross $ 15,004 $ 25,555  
v3.22.2.2
Goodwill (Details) - USD ($)
12 Months Ended
Oct. 01, 2022
Oct. 02, 2021
Goodwill [Line Items]    
Gross Goodwill $ 18,825,000 $ 18,825,000
Accumulated Impairments 0 0
Net Goodwill 18,825,000 18,825,000
Goodwill impairment 0 0
Bus    
Goodwill [Line Items]    
Gross Goodwill 15,139,000 15,139,000
Accumulated Impairments 0 0
Net Goodwill 15,139,000 15,139,000
Parts    
Goodwill [Line Items]    
Gross Goodwill 3,686,000 3,686,000
Accumulated Impairments 0 0
Net Goodwill $ 3,686,000 $ 3,686,000
v3.22.2.2
Intangible Assets (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Thousands
Oct. 01, 2022
Oct. 02, 2021
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]    
Gross Carrying Amount $ 40,581 $ 40,581
Gross Carrying Amount 80,397 80,397
Accumulated Amortization 32,964 30,954
Total 7,617 9,627
Total 47,433 49,443
Trade names    
Indefinite-lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]    
Nonamortized intangible assets 39,816 39,816
Engineering designs    
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]    
Gross Carrying Amount 3,156 3,156
Accumulated Amortization 3,016 2,876
Total 140 280
Customer relationships    
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]    
Gross Carrying Amount 37,425 37,425
Accumulated Amortization 29,948 28,078
Total $ 7,477 $ 9,347
v3.22.2.2
Intangible Assets - Narrative (Details) - USD ($)
12 Months Ended
Oct. 01, 2022
Oct. 02, 2021
Oct. 03, 2020
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]      
Indefinite lived intangible asset impairment $ 0 $ 0  
Amortization expense for intangible assets $ 2,000,000 $ 2,200,000 $ 3,100,000
Customer relationships      
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]      
Estimated life 20 years    
Maximum | Engineering designs      
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]      
Estimated life 7 years    
v3.22.2.2
Intangible Assets Schedule of Expected Amortization Expense (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Thousands
Oct. 01, 2022
Oct. 02, 2021
Goodwill and Intangible Assets Disclosure [Abstract]    
2023 $ 2,010  
2024 1,869  
2025 1,869  
2026 1,869  
Total $ 7,617 $ 9,627
v3.22.2.2
Debt - Narrative (Details) - USD ($)
3 Months Ended 12 Months Ended
Dec. 15, 2021
Dec. 04, 2020
May 07, 2020
Sep. 13, 2018
Dec. 12, 2016
Oct. 02, 2021
Jan. 02, 2021
Oct. 01, 2022
Oct. 02, 2021
Oct. 03, 2020
Nov. 24, 2021
Sep. 14, 2018
Debt Instrument [Line Items]                        
Proceeds from lines of credit               $ 135,000,000 $ 117,000,000 $ 199,000,000    
Deferred financing fees       $ 2,000,000   $ 2,000,000   1,400,000 2,000,000      
Interest expense               14,700,000 9,700,000 $ 12,300,000    
Sale of Stock, Consideration Received on Transaction $ 75,000,000                      
Credit Agreement                        
Debt Instrument [Line Items]                        
Face amount         $ 235,000,000              
Debt term       5 years 5 years              
Term Loan | Credit Agreement                        
Debt Instrument [Line Items]                        
Face amount         $ 160,000,000              
Senior Term Loan | Senior Credit Facility                        
Debt Instrument [Line Items]                        
Long-term line of credit           $ 166,500,000   $ 151,600,000 $ 166,500,000      
Stated interest rate (as a percent)           4.00%   7.90% 4.00%      
Weighted average interest rate (as a percent)           6.00%   8.00% 6.00%      
Revolving Credit Facility | Credit Facility | Credit Agreement                        
Debt Instrument [Line Items]                        
Maximum borrowing capacity         75,000,000             $ 100,000,000
Increase (decrease) to line of credit facility       $ 25,000,000                
Revolving Credit Facility | Credit Facility | Second Amendment To Credit Agreement                        
Debt Instrument [Line Items]                        
Maximum borrowing capacity     $ 141,900,000                  
Basis spread on variable rate (as a percent)     0.75% 0.00%                
Increase of line of credit limit     $ 41,900,000                  
Debt instrument fee amount     $ 900,000                  
Revolving Credit Facility | Credit Facility | Second Amendment To Credit Agreement | Loss on Debt Modification                        
Debt Instrument [Line Items]                        
Lender fees and other issuance costs   $ 100,000                 $ 100,000  
Revolving Credit Facility | Credit Facility | Third Amendment to the Credit Agreement                        
Debt Instrument [Line Items]                        
Basis spread on variable rate (as a percent)   0.50%                    
Minimum liquidity required   $ 15,000,000                    
Maximum liquidity allowed   20,000,000                    
Lender fees and other issuance costs   2,500,000                 2,500,000  
Long-term line of credit   100,000,000                    
Revolving Credit Facility | Credit Facility | Third Amendment to the Credit Agreement | Loss on Debt Modification                        
Debt Instrument [Line Items]                        
Lender fees and other issuance costs   500,000                 500,000  
Revolving Credit Facility | Credit Facility | Third Amendment to the Credit Agreement | Other Assets                        
Debt Instrument [Line Items]                        
Lender fees and other issuance costs   1,100,000                 1,100,000  
Revolving Credit Facility | Credit Facility | Third Amendment to the Credit Agreement | Long-term Debt                        
Debt Instrument [Line Items]                        
Lender fees and other issuance costs   900,000                 $ 800,000  
Revolving Credit Facility | Credit Facility | Senior Revolving Credit Facility                        
Debt Instrument [Line Items]                        
Long-term debt               $ 20,000,000        
Letters of Credit | Credit Facility | Credit Agreement                        
Debt Instrument [Line Items]                        
Maximum borrowing capacity       $ 75,000,000 15,000,000              
Proceeds from lines of credit             $ 50,000,000          
Letters of Credit | Credit Facility | Third Amendment to the Credit Agreement                        
Debt Instrument [Line Items]                        
Remaining borrowing capacity   $ 7,000,000                    
Letters of Credit | Credit Facility | Senior Revolving Credit Facility                        
Debt Instrument [Line Items]                        
Line of credit, amount outstanding               6,300,000        
Remaining borrowing capacity               $ 73,700,000        
Swingline Credit Facility | Credit Facility | Credit Agreement                        
Debt Instrument [Line Items]                        
Maximum borrowing capacity         $ 5,000,000              
LIBOR | Term Loan | Credit Agreement                        
Debt Instrument [Line Items]                        
Basis spread on variable rate (as a percent)           2.25%            
v3.22.2.2
Debt - Covenants (Details) - Term Loan - Credit Agreement
12 Months Ended
Nov. 24, 2021
Oct. 01, 2022
Less than 2.00x | ABR Loans    
Debt Instrument [Line Items]    
Basis spread on variable rate (as a percent) 0.75% 0.75%
Less than 2.00x | Eurodollar Loans    
Debt Instrument [Line Items]    
Basis spread on variable rate (as a percent) 1.75% 1.75%
Greater than or equal to 2.00x and less than 2.50x | ABR Loans    
Debt Instrument [Line Items]    
Basis spread on variable rate (as a percent) 1.00% 1.00%
Greater than or equal to 2.00x and less than 2.50x | Eurodollar Loans    
Debt Instrument [Line Items]    
Basis spread on variable rate (as a percent) 2.00% 2.00%
Greater than or equal to 2.50x and less than 3.00x | ABR Loans    
Debt Instrument [Line Items]    
Basis spread on variable rate (as a percent) 1.25% 1.25%
Greater than or equal to 2.50x and less than 3.00x | Eurodollar Loans    
Debt Instrument [Line Items]    
Basis spread on variable rate (as a percent) 2.25% 2.25%
Greater than or equal to 3.00x and less than 3.25x | ABR Loans    
Debt Instrument [Line Items]    
Basis spread on variable rate (as a percent)   1.50%
Greater than or equal to 3.00x and less than 3.25x | Eurodollar Loans    
Debt Instrument [Line Items]    
Basis spread on variable rate (as a percent)   2.50%
Greater than or equal to 3.25x and less than 3.50x | ABR Loans    
Debt Instrument [Line Items]    
Basis spread on variable rate (as a percent)   1.75%
Greater than or equal to 3.25x and less than 3.50x | Eurodollar Loans    
Debt Instrument [Line Items]    
Basis spread on variable rate (as a percent)   2.75%
Greater than 3.50x | ABR Loans    
Debt Instrument [Line Items]    
Basis spread on variable rate (as a percent)   2.00%
Greater than 3.50x | Eurodollar Loans    
Debt Instrument [Line Items]    
Basis spread on variable rate (as a percent)   3.00%
v3.22.2.2
Debt - Schedule of Long-term Debt (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Thousands
Oct. 01, 2022
Oct. 02, 2021
Debt Instrument [Line Items]    
Less: Current portion of long-term debt $ 19,800 $ 14,850
Long-term debt, net of current portion 130,390 149,573
Senior Term Loan | Term Loan Facility    
Debt Instrument [Line Items]    
Long-term debt 150,190 164,423
Deferred financing costs $ 1,410 $ 2,027
v3.22.2.2
Debt - Schedule of Debt Covenant Requirements (Details) - USD ($)
12 Months Ended
Nov. 24, 2021
Oct. 01, 2022
Credit Agreement | Term Loan | Leverage Ratio Less than 2.00 [Member] | Alternate Base Rate [Member]    
Debt Instrument [Line Items]    
Basis spread on variable rate (as a percent) 0.75% 0.75%
Credit Agreement | Term Loan | Leverage Ratio Less than 2.00 [Member] | Eurodollar [Member]    
Debt Instrument [Line Items]    
Basis spread on variable rate (as a percent) 1.75% 1.75%
Credit Agreement | Term Loan | Leverage Ratio Greater than or Equal to 2.00 and Less than 2.50 [Member] | Alternate Base Rate [Member]    
Debt Instrument [Line Items]    
Basis spread on variable rate (as a percent) 1.00% 1.00%
Credit Agreement | Term Loan | Leverage Ratio Greater than or Equal to 2.00 and Less than 2.50 [Member] | Eurodollar [Member]    
Debt Instrument [Line Items]    
Basis spread on variable rate (as a percent) 2.00% 2.00%
Credit Agreement | Term Loan | Leverage Ratio Greater than or Equal to 2.50 and Less than 3.00 [Member] | Alternate Base Rate [Member]    
Debt Instrument [Line Items]    
Basis spread on variable rate (as a percent) 1.25% 1.25%
Credit Agreement | Term Loan | Leverage Ratio Greater than or Equal to 2.50 and Less than 3.00 [Member] | Eurodollar [Member]    
Debt Instrument [Line Items]    
Basis spread on variable rate (as a percent) 2.25% 2.25%
Credit Agreement | Term Loan | Leverage Ratio Greater than or Equal to 3.00 and Less than 3.50 | Alternate Base Rate [Member]    
Debt Instrument [Line Items]    
Basis spread on variable rate (as a percent) 1.50%  
Credit Agreement | Term Loan | Leverage Ratio Greater than or Equal to 3.00 and Less than 3.50 | Eurodollar [Member]    
Debt Instrument [Line Items]    
Basis spread on variable rate (as a percent) 2.50%  
Credit Agreement | Term Loan | Leverage Ratio Greater than or Equal to 3.25 and Less than 3.50 | Alternate Base Rate [Member]    
Debt Instrument [Line Items]    
Basis spread on variable rate (as a percent) 1.75%  
Credit Agreement | Term Loan | Leverage Ratio Greater than or Equal to 3.25 and Less than 3.50 | Eurodollar [Member]    
Debt Instrument [Line Items]    
Basis spread on variable rate (as a percent) 2.75%  
Credit Agreement | Term Loan | Leverage Ratio Greater Than or Equal to 3.50 and Less than 4.50 | Alternate Base Rate [Member]    
Debt Instrument [Line Items]    
Basis spread on variable rate (as a percent) 2.00%  
Credit Agreement | Term Loan | Leverage Ratio Greater Than or Equal to 3.50 and Less than 4.50 | Eurodollar [Member]    
Debt Instrument [Line Items]    
Basis spread on variable rate (as a percent) 3.00%  
Credit Agreement | Term Loan | Leverage Ratio Greater than or Equal to 4.50 and Less than 5.00 | Alternate Base Rate [Member]    
Debt Instrument [Line Items]    
Basis spread on variable rate (as a percent) 3.25%  
Credit Agreement | Term Loan | Leverage Ratio Greater than or Equal to 4.50 and Less than 5.00 | Eurodollar [Member]    
Debt Instrument [Line Items]    
Basis spread on variable rate (as a percent) 4.25%  
Credit Agreement | Term Loan | Leverage Ratio Greater than 5.00x | Alternate Base Rate [Member]    
Debt Instrument [Line Items]    
Basis spread on variable rate (as a percent) 4.25%  
Credit Agreement | Term Loan | Leverage Ratio Greater than 5.00x | Eurodollar [Member]    
Debt Instrument [Line Items]    
Basis spread on variable rate (as a percent) 5.25%  
Limited Availability Period One | Fourth Amendment to Credit Agreement | Line of Credit [Member]    
Debt Instrument [Line Items]    
Minimum Consolidated EBITDA $ 14.5  
Minimum Liquidity $ 10.0  
Minimum Units Manufactured 1,128  
Limited Availability Period Two | Fourth Amendment to Credit Agreement | Line of Credit [Member]    
Debt Instrument [Line Items]    
Minimum Consolidated EBITDA $ (4.5)  
Minimum Liquidity $ 5.0  
Minimum Units Manufactured 776  
Limited Availability Period Three | Fourth Amendment to Credit Agreement | Line of Credit [Member]    
Debt Instrument [Line Items]    
Minimum Consolidated EBITDA $ (6.8)  
Minimum Liquidity $ 15.0  
Minimum Units Manufactured 748  
Limited Availability Period Four | Fourth Amendment to Credit Agreement | Line of Credit [Member]    
Debt Instrument [Line Items]    
Minimum Consolidated EBITDA $ 20.0  
Minimum Liquidity $ 20.0  
Minimum Units Manufactured 727  
Limited Availability Period Five | Fourth Amendment to Credit Agreement | Line of Credit [Member]    
Debt Instrument [Line Items]    
Minimum Units Manufactured 763  
Limited Availability Period Six | Fourth Amendment to Credit Agreement | Line of Credit [Member]    
Debt Instrument [Line Items]    
Minimum Units Manufactured 1,111  
Limited Availability Period Seven | Fourth Amendment to Credit Agreement | Line of Credit [Member]    
Debt Instrument [Line Items]    
Minimum Units Manufactured 1,525  
Limited Availability Period Eight | Fourth Amendment to Credit Agreement | Line of Credit [Member]    
Debt Instrument [Line Items]    
Minimum Units Manufactured 2,053  
Limited Availability Period Nine | Fourth Amendment to Credit Agreement | Line of Credit [Member]    
Debt Instrument [Line Items]    
Minimum Units Manufactured 2,072  
Limited Availability Period Ten | Fourth Amendment to Credit Agreement | Line of Credit [Member]    
Debt Instrument [Line Items]    
Minimum Units Manufactured 2,199  
Limited Availability Period Eleven | Fourth Amendment to Credit Agreement | Line of Credit [Member]    
Debt Instrument [Line Items]    
Minimum Units Manufactured 2,306  
v3.22.2.2
Debt - Maturity Schedule (Details)
$ in Thousands
Oct. 01, 2022
USD ($)
Long-term Debt, Fiscal Year Maturity  
2023 $ 19,800
2024 19,800
2025 112,000
Total remaining principal payments $ 151,600
v3.22.2.2
Income Taxes - Income Tax (Benefit) Expense (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Thousands
12 Months Ended
Oct. 01, 2022
Oct. 02, 2021
Oct. 03, 2020
Current tax provision:      
Federal $ 380 $ 348 $ (1,425)
State 0 (82) (65)
Total current tax benefit (expense) 380 266 (1,490)
Deferred tax provision:      
Federal 10,862 604 (715)
State 209 321 686
Total deferred tax benefit (expense) 11,071 925 (29)
Income tax benefit (expense) $ 11,451 $ 1,191 $ (1,519)
v3.22.2.2
Income Taxes (Details) - USD ($)
12 Months Ended
Oct. 01, 2022
Oct. 02, 2021
Oct. 03, 2020
Operating Loss Carryforwards [Line Items]      
Effective tax rate (as a percent) 21.60% 60.20% 14.50%
Statutory Federal income tax rate (as a percent) 21.00% 21.00% 21.00%
Accrued interest and penalties $ 100,000 $ 300,000  
Domestic Tax Authority      
Operating Loss Carryforwards [Line Items]      
Federal tax credit carryforward 500,000    
Operating loss carryforwards 28,400,000    
State and Local Jurisdiction      
Operating Loss Carryforwards [Line Items]      
Federal tax credit carryforward 9,500,000    
Tax credit carryforwards subject to expiration 6,300,000    
Operating loss carryforwards 37,100,000    
Operating loss carryforwards subject to expiration $ 10,900,000    
v3.22.2.2
Income Taxes - Effective Income Tax Rate Reconciliation (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Thousands
12 Months Ended
Oct. 01, 2022
Oct. 02, 2021
Oct. 03, 2020
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]      
Federal tax benefit (expense) at statutory rate $ 11,141 $ 415 $ (2,203)
State taxes, net 2,240 552 1,508
Change in uncertain tax positions 395 (635) 0
Share-based compensation (513) (135) 188
Permanent items (31) (20) (33)
Valuation allowance (2,050) 0 (977)
Tax credits 285 450 390
Return to accrual adjustments (212) 476 (260)
Investor tax on non-consolidated affiliate income 231 (28) (185)
Other (35) 116 53
Income tax benefit (expense) $ 11,451 $ 1,191 $ (1,519)
v3.22.2.2
Income Taxes - Unrecognized Tax Benefits (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Thousands
12 Months Ended
Oct. 01, 2022
Oct. 02, 2021
Oct. 03, 2020
Reconciliation of Unrecognized Tax Benefits, Excluding Amounts Pertaining to Examined Tax Returns [Roll Forward]      
Balance, beginning of year $ 370 $ 0 $ 0
Additions for tax positions of prior years 0 370 0
Lapses of applicable statute of limitations 260 0 0
Balance, end of year $ 110 $ 370 $ 0
v3.22.2.2
Income Taxes - Deferred Tax Assets and Liabilities (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Thousands
Oct. 01, 2022
Oct. 02, 2021
Deferred tax liabilities    
Property, plant and equipment $ (9,899) $ (10,475)
Other intangible assets (11,539) (12,060)
Investor tax on non-consolidated affiliate income (461) (692)
Other assets (127) (105)
Total deferred tax liabilities (22,026) (23,332)
Deferred tax assets    
NOL carryforward 7,928 1,126
Accrued expenses 5,335 6,941
Compensation 5,139 6,691
Interest limitation carryforward 5,098 1,071
Inventories 3,972 760
Unearned income 3,046 3,488
Tax credits 7,918 7,448
Total deferred tax assets 38,436 27,525
Less: valuation allowance (5,503) (3,453)
Deferred tax assets less valuation allowance 32,933 24,072
Net deferred tax assets $ 10,907 $ 740
v3.22.2.2
Guarantees, Commitments and Contingencies - Narrative (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Thousands
Oct. 01, 2022
Oct. 02, 2021
Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure [Abstract]    
Accrual for environmental loss contingencies, discount rate (as a percent) 7.10%  
Total remaining principal payments $ 124 $ 200
Accrual for Environmental Loss Contingencies, Fiscal Year Maturity [Abstract]    
2022 88  
2023 9  
2024 9  
2025 9  
2026 9  
Total remaining principal payments $ 124 $ 200
Operating Leased Assets [Line Items]    
Renewal term 3 months 18 days  
Minimum    
Operating Leased Assets [Line Items]    
Lease term 1 year 2 months 12 days  
Maximum    
Operating Leased Assets [Line Items]    
Lease term 5 years 2 months 12 days  
v3.22.2.2
Guarantees, Commitments and Contingencies - Schedule of Lease Amounts included on the Consolidated Balance Sheets (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Thousands
Oct. 01, 2022
Oct. 02, 2021
Assets    
Operating $ 5,487 $ 5,152
Finance 1,736 5,486
Total lease assets 7,223 10,638
Current    
Operating 2,150 1,158
Finance 566 1,327
Long-term    
Operating 4,578 5,529
Finance 1,574 4,538
Total lease liabilities 8,868 12,552
Finance lease, right-of-use asset, accumulated amortization $ 1,800 $ 2,800
Operating lease, right-of-use asset, statement of financial position Property, plant and equipment, net Property, plant and equipment, net
Operating lease, liability, current, statement of financial position Other current liabilities Other current liabilities
Operating lease, liability, noncurrent, statement of financial position Other liabilities Other liabilities
v3.22.2.2
Guarantees, Commitments and Contingencies - Schedule of Lease Costs (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Thousands
12 Months Ended
Oct. 01, 2022
Oct. 02, 2021
Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure [Abstract]    
Operating leases $ 1,399 $ 1,149
Amortization of lease assets 1,157 1,497
Interest on lease liabilities 171 241
Short-term leases 995 487
Total lease cost $ 3,722 $ 3,374
v3.22.2.2
Guarantees, Commitments and Contingencies - Schedule of Lease Liability Maturities (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Thousands
Oct. 01, 2022
Oct. 02, 2021
Operating    
2023 $ 2,436  
2024 1,697  
2025 1,456  
2026 1,097  
2027 587  
Thereafter 98  
Total future minimum lease payments 7,371  
Less: imputed interest 643  
Total lease liabilities 6,728  
Finance    
2023 631  
2024 631  
2025 994  
2026 0  
2027 0  
Thereafter 0  
Total future minimum lease payments 2,256  
Less: imputed interest 116  
Total lease liabilities 2,140  
Total    
2023 3,067  
2024 2,328  
2025 2,450  
2026 1,097  
2027 587  
Thereafter 98  
Total future minimum lease payments 9,627  
Less: imputed interest 759  
Total lease liabilities $ 8,868 $ 12,552
v3.22.2.2
Guarantees, Commitments and Contingencies - Lease Terms and Discount Rates (Details)
Oct. 01, 2022
Operating  
Weighted average remaining lease term 3 years 9 months 18 days
Weighted average discount rate 5.10%
Finance  
Weighted average remaining lease term 2 years 4 months 24 days
Weighted average discount rate 3.30%
v3.22.2.2
Guarantees, Commitments and Contingencies - Supplemental Cash Flow Information (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Thousands
12 Months Ended
Oct. 01, 2022
Oct. 02, 2021
Oct. 03, 2020
Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities      
Financing cash flows - finance leases $ 1,132 $ 1,294 $ 945
Operating cash flows - operating leases 1,572 1,394  
Financing cash flows - finance leases 171 241  
Right-of-use assets exchanged for lease liabilities      
Operating leases 1,424 62 0
Finance leases $ 0 $ 0 $ 3,496
v3.22.2.2
Guarantees, Commitments and Contingencies - Purchase Commitments (Details)
$ in Thousands
Oct. 01, 2022
USD ($)
Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure [Abstract]  
2023 $ 63,562
Total purchase commitments $ 63,562
v3.22.2.2
Segment Information (Details)
$ in Thousands
12 Months Ended
Oct. 01, 2022
USD ($)
segment
Oct. 02, 2021
USD ($)
Oct. 03, 2020
USD ($)
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]      
Number of operating segments | segment 2    
Net sales $ 800,637 $ 683,995 $ 879,221
Net sales 800,637 683,995 879,221
Segment gross profit 36,546 72,141 96,200
United States      
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]      
Net sales 726,227 601,751 795,207
Canada      
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]      
Net sales 69,683 75,644 79,442
Rest of world      
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]      
Net sales 4,727 6,600 4,572
Intersegment Eliminations | Parts      
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]      
Net sales 3,900 3,800 4,100
Operating Segments      
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]      
Net sales 800,637 683,995 879,221
Segment gross profit 36,546 72,141 96,200
Operating Segments | Bus      
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]      
Net sales 723,505 625,198 822,616
Segment gross profit 5,065 50,394 76,059
Operating Segments | Parts      
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]      
Net sales 77,132 58,797 56,605
Segment gross profit $ 31,481 $ 21,747 $ 20,141
v3.22.2.2
Segment Information - Reconciliation of Segment Gross Profit (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Thousands
12 Months Ended
Oct. 01, 2022
Oct. 02, 2021
Oct. 03, 2020
Segment Reporting, Reconciling Item for Operating Profit (Loss) from Segment to Consolidated [Line Items]      
Segment gross profit $ 36,546 $ 72,141 $ 96,200
Selling, general and administrative expenses (77,246) (65,619) (74,206)
Interest expense (14,675) (9,682) (12,252)
Interest income 9 4 11
Other income, net 2,947 1,776 738
Loss on debt modification (632) (598) 0
(Loss) income before income taxes (53,051) (1,978) 10,491
Operating Segments      
Segment Reporting, Reconciling Item for Operating Profit (Loss) from Segment to Consolidated [Line Items]      
Segment gross profit 36,546 72,141 96,200
Segment Reconciling Items      
Segment Reporting, Reconciling Item for Operating Profit (Loss) from Segment to Consolidated [Line Items]      
Selling, general and administrative expenses (77,246) (65,619) (74,206)
Interest expense (14,675) (9,682) (12,252)
Interest income 9 4 11
Other income, net 2,947 1,776 738
Loss on debt modification $ (632) $ (598) $ 0
v3.22.2.2
Revenue (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Thousands
12 Months Ended
Oct. 01, 2022
Oct. 02, 2021
Oct. 03, 2020
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]      
Net sales $ 800,637 $ 683,995 $ 879,221
Diesel buses      
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]      
Net sales 276,395 291,203 397,567
Alternative fuel buses      
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]      
Net sales 407,599 300,706 381,555
Other      
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]      
Net sales 41,858 34,875 45,191
Parts      
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]      
Net sales $ 74,785 $ 57,211 $ 54,908
v3.22.2.2
Stockholders' Deficit - (Details)
$ / shares in Units, $ in Millions
Dec. 15, 2021
USD ($)
$ / shares
shares
Class of Stock [Line Items]  
Sale of Stock, Consideration Received on Transaction $ 75.0
Coliseum  
Class of Stock [Line Items]  
Percentage ownership after shares sold 15.00%
Private Placement  
Class of Stock [Line Items]  
Number of shares sold (in shares) | shares 4,687,500
Price of shares sold (in USD per share) | $ / shares $ 16.00
Sale of Stock, Consideration Received on Transaction $ 74.8
v3.22.2.2
Earnings Per Share (Details) - USD ($)
$ / shares in Units, $ in Thousands
12 Months Ended
Oct. 01, 2022
Oct. 02, 2021
Oct. 03, 2020
Schedule of Earnings Per Share, Including Dilutive Securities [Line Items]      
Net (loss) income $ (45,759) $ (289) $ 12,185
Basic earnings per share      
Basic weighted average shares outstanding (in shares) 31,020,399 27,139,054 26,850,999
Basic earnings per share (in dollars per share) $ (1.48) $ (0.01) $ 0.45
Diluted earnings per share      
Diluted weighted average shares outstanding (in shares) 31,020,399 27,139,054 27,086,555
Diluted earnings per share (in dollars per share) $ (1.48) $ (0.01) $ 0.45
Restricted stock      
Diluted earnings per share      
Dilutive securities related to share based compensation (in shares) 0 0 188,791
Non-qualified stock options      
Diluted earnings per share      
Dilutive securities related to share based compensation (in shares) 0 0 46,765
Common Stock      
Diluted earnings per share      
Anti-dilutive securities excluded from computation of earnings per share (in shares) 500,000 900,000  
v3.22.2.2
Share-Based Compensation - Narrative (Details) - USD ($)
$ / shares in Units, $ in Millions
12 Months Ended
Oct. 01, 2022
Oct. 02, 2021
Oct. 03, 2020
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]      
Shares authorized to be granted under Omnibus Equity Incentive Plan (in shares) 5,200,000    
Exercise price as a percentage of fair value 100.00%    
Stock-based compensation $ 0.9 $ 1.9 $ 1.4
Tax benefit from compensation expense $ 0.2 0.5 0.4
Unrecognized compensation expense, period for recognition 1 year 2 months 12 days    
Aggregate intrinsic value of options exercised during period $ 0.1 $ 1.1 $ 4.3
Unrecognized compensation costs $ 0.4    
Restricted Stock and Restricted Stock Units (RSUs)      
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]      
Weighted-average grant date fair value of restricted stock awards (in dollars per share) $ 17.45 $ 18.50 $ 18.64
Stock-based compensation $ 2.6 $ 3.9 $ 2.7
Tax benefit from compensation expense 0.7 $ 1.0 $ 0.7
Unrecognized compensation expense $ 1.0    
Unrecognized compensation expense, period for recognition 6 months    
v3.22.2.2
Share-Based Compensation - Restricted Stock and Unit Activity (Details) - Restricted Stock and Restricted Stock Units (RSUs) - $ / shares
12 Months Ended
Oct. 01, 2022
Oct. 02, 2021
Oct. 03, 2020
Number of Shares      
Unvested shares, beginning of year (in shares) 248,845    
Granted (in shares) 188,711    
Vested (in shares) (214,926)    
Forfeited (in shares) (65,313)    
Unvested shares, end of year (in shares) 157,317 248,845  
Weighted-Average Grant Date Fair Value      
Unvested shares, beginning of year (in dollars per share) $ 18.50    
Granted (in dollars per share) 17.45 $ 18.50 $ 18.64
Vested (in dollars per share) 23.73    
Forfeited (in dollars per share) 17.78    
Unvested shares, end of year (in dollars per share) $ 17.35 $ 18.50  
v3.22.2.2
Share-Based Compensation - Stock Option Activity (Details) - USD ($)
$ / shares in Units, $ in Millions
12 Months Ended
Oct. 01, 2022
Oct. 02, 2021
Oct. 03, 2020
Number of Options      
Outstanding at beginning of period (in shares) 626,167    
Granted (in shares) 169,465    
Exercised (in shares) (15,586)    
Forfeited (in shares) (205,879)    
Outstanding at end of period (in shares) 516,587 626,167  
Fully vested and expected to vest (in shares) 372,120    
Weighted Average Exercise Price per Share ($)      
Outstanding at beginning of period (in dollars per share) $ 17.93    
Granted (in dollars per share) 19.37    
Exercised (in dollars per share) 18.28    
Forfeited (in dollars per share) 17.86    
Outstanding at end of period (in dollars per share) 18.07 $ 17.93  
Fully vested and expected to vest (in dollars per share) $ 17.70    
Aggregate intrinsic value of options exercised during period $ 0.1 $ 1.1 $ 4.3
Aggregate intrinsic value (5.0)    
Aggregate intrinsic value of options vested and exercisable $ (3.5)    
v3.22.2.2
Share-Based Compensation - Fair Value Assumptions (Details) - Options - $ / shares
12 Months Ended
Oct. 01, 2022
Oct. 02, 2021
Oct. 03, 2020
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]      
Expected volatility 46.00% 41.00% 32.00%
Expected dividend yield 0.00% 0.00% 0.00%
Risk-free interest rate 1.30% 0.49% 1.61%
Weighted-average grant-date fair value (in dollars per share) $ 7.04 $ 6.58 $ 6.91
Minimum      
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]      
Expected term (in years) 2 years 8 months 12 days 4 years 6 months 4 years 6 months
Maximum      
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]      
Expected term (in years) 6 years 6 years 5 years 6 months
v3.22.2.2
Benefit Plans - Narrative (Details) - USD ($)
12 Months Ended
Oct. 01, 2022
Oct. 02, 2021
Oct. 03, 2020
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]      
Employer matching contribution, percent of employees' contribution 50.00%    
Employer matching contribution, percent of employees' gross pay 6.00%    
Employer discretionary contribution amount $ 1,600,000 $ 500,000 $ 2,200,000
Medical, dental and accident and sickness benefit expense 13,600,000 13,800,000 14,900,000
Bonus liabilities 0    
Pension Plan      
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]      
Employer contribution 0 4,920,000  
Benefits paid 8,592,000 7,253,000  
Benefit obligation 122,571,000 $ 160,088,000 $ 169,741,000
Estimated net loss to be amortized from accumulated other comprehensive loss over next fiscal year 1,200,000    
Estimated future employer contributions in next fiscal year $ 0    
v3.22.2.2
Benefit Plans - Projected Benefit Obligation (Details) - Pension Plan - USD ($)
$ in Thousands
12 Months Ended
Oct. 01, 2022
Oct. 02, 2021
Oct. 03, 2020
Change in benefit obligation      
Projected benefit obligation balance, beginning of year $ 160,088 $ 169,741  
Interest cost 4,368 4,227 $ 4,947
Actuarial gain (1) (33,293) (6,627)  
Benefits paid (8,592) (7,253)  
Projected benefit obligations balance, end of year $ 122,571 $ 160,088 $ 169,741
v3.22.2.2
Benefit Plans - Change in Plan Assets (Details) - Pension Plan - USD ($)
$ in Thousands
12 Months Ended
Oct. 01, 2022
Oct. 02, 2021
Change in plan assets    
Fair value of plan assets, beginning of year $ 137,337 $ 122,482
Actual return on plan assets (22,198) 17,188
Employer contribution 0 4,920
Benefits paid (8,592) (7,253)
Fair value of plan assets, end of year $ 106,547 $ 137,337
v3.22.2.2
Benefit Plans - Net Funded Status (Details) - Pension Plan - USD ($)
$ in Thousands
Oct. 01, 2022
Oct. 02, 2021
Oct. 03, 2020
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]      
Benefit obligation $ 122,571 $ 160,088 $ 169,741
Fair value of plan assets 106,547 137,337 $ 122,482
Funded status (16,024) (22,751)  
Net pension liability recognized $ (16,024) $ (22,751)  
v3.22.2.2
Benefit Plans - Fair Value of Plan Assets (Details) - Pension Plan - USD ($)
$ in Thousands
Oct. 01, 2022
Oct. 02, 2021
Oct. 03, 2020
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]      
Fair value of plan assets $ 106,547 $ 137,337 $ 122,482
Level 1      
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]      
Fair value of plan assets 0 0  
Level 2      
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]      
Fair value of plan assets 106,547 137,337  
Level 3      
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]      
Fair value of plan assets 0 0  
Equity securities      
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]      
Fair value of plan assets 50,590 87,827  
Equity securities | Level 1      
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]      
Fair value of plan assets 0 0  
Equity securities | Level 2      
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]      
Fair value of plan assets 50,590 87,827  
Equity securities | Level 3      
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]      
Fair value of plan assets 0 0  
Debt securities      
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]      
Fair value of plan assets 55,957 49,510  
Debt securities | Level 1      
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]      
Fair value of plan assets 0 0  
Debt securities | Level 2      
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]      
Fair value of plan assets 55,957 49,510  
Debt securities | Level 3      
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]      
Fair value of plan assets $ 0 $ 0  
v3.22.2.2
Benefit Plans - Amounts Recognized in Other Comprehensive Income (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Thousands
12 Months Ended
Oct. 01, 2022
Oct. 02, 2021
Oct. 03, 2020
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]      
Net (gain) loss $ 45,759 $ 289 $ (12,185)
Pension Plan      
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]      
Interest cost 4,368 4,227 4,947
Expected return on plan assets (8,491) (7,777) (7,384)
Amortization of net loss 1,163 1,861 1,720
Net periodic benefit income (2,960) (1,689) (717)
Net (gain) loss (2,605) (16,038) 4,671
Amortization of net loss (1,163) (1,861) (1,720)
Total recognized in other comprehensive (income) loss (3,768) (17,899) 2,951
Total recognized in net periodic pension benefit income and other comprehensive (income) loss $ (6,728) $ (19,588) $ 2,234
v3.22.2.2
Benefit Plans - Assumptions Used to Determine Benefit Obligations (Details)
Oct. 01, 2022
Oct. 02, 2021
Pension Plan    
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]    
Discount rate 5.10% 2.80%
v3.22.2.2
Benefit Plans - Assumptions Used to Determine Net Benefit Cost (Details) - Pension Plan
12 Months Ended
Oct. 01, 2022
Oct. 02, 2021
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]    
Discount rate 2.80% 2.55%
Expected long-term return on plan assets 6.37% 6.37%
v3.22.2.2
Benefit Plans - Weighted Average Asset Allocations (Details) - Pension Plan
Oct. 01, 2022
Oct. 02, 2021
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]    
Weighted average allocations of plan assets 100.00% 100.00%
Equity securities    
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]    
Weighted average allocations of plan assets 47.00% 64.00%
Debt securities    
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]    
Weighted average allocations of plan assets 53.00% 36.00%
v3.22.2.2
Benefit Plans - Expected Benefit Payments (Details)
$ in Thousands
Oct. 01, 2022
USD ($)
Retirement Benefits [Abstract]  
2023 $ 8,566
2024 8,730
2025 8,869
2026 8,963
2027 8,987
2028 - 2032 44,331
Total expected future benefit payments $ 88,446
v3.22.2.2
Equity Investment in Affiliate - Narrative (Details)
$ in Thousands
12 Months Ended
Oct. 01, 2022
USD ($)
Oct. 02, 2021
USD ($)
Oct. 03, 2020
USD ($)
Oct. 14, 2009
manufacturer
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]        
Number of manufacturers before venture | manufacturer       2
Equity investment in affiliate $ 10,659 $ 14,817    
Equity in net (loss) income of non-consolidated affiliate $ (4,159) 498 $ 3,213  
Micro Bird Holdings, Inc.        
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]        
Equity interest in equity method investment (as a percent) 50.00%      
Equity investment in affiliate $ 10,700 14,800    
Equity in net (loss) income of non-consolidated affiliate $ (4,200) $ 500 $ 3,200  
v3.22.2.2
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Thousands
12 Months Ended
Oct. 01, 2022
Oct. 02, 2021
Oct. 03, 2020
AOCI Attributable to Parent, Net of Tax [Roll Forward]      
Balance, beginning period $ (32,656)    
Balance, ending period 1,382 $ (32,656)  
Total AOCL      
AOCI Attributable to Parent, Net of Tax [Roll Forward]      
Balance, beginning period (44,794) (58,397) $ (56,154)
Other comprehensive income (loss), gross 2,605 16,038 (4,671)
Amounts reclassified and included in earnings 1,163 1,861 1,720
Total before taxes 3,768 17,899 (2,951)
Income taxes (904) (4,296) 708
Balance, ending period (41,930) (44,794) (58,397)
Defined Benefit Pension Plan      
AOCI Attributable to Parent, Net of Tax [Roll Forward]      
Balance, beginning period (44,794) (58,397) (56,154)
Other comprehensive income (loss), gross 2,605 16,038 (4,671)
Amounts reclassified and included in earnings 1,163 1,861 1,720
Total before taxes 3,768 17,899 (2,951)
Income taxes (904) (4,296) 708
Balance, ending period $ (41,930) $ (44,794) $ (58,397)
v3.22.2.2
Subsequent Events - Narrative (Details) - Sixth Amendment to Credit Agreement - Subsequent Event
$ in Thousands
Nov. 21, 2022
USD ($)
Revolving Credit Facility  
Subsequent Event [Line Items]  
Maximum borrowing capacity $ 90,000
Current borrowing capacity 80,000
Remaining borrowing capacity $ 10,000
Stated interest rate above maximum borrowing capacity 25.00%
Maximum borrowing capacity to trigger stated rate $ 50,000
Minimum borrowing capacity to trigger stated rate 80,000
Maximum borrowing capacity to trigger stated rate 80,000
Term Loan  
Subsequent Event [Line Items]  
Principal payments 5,000
Face amount $ 151,600
v3.22.2.2
Subsequent Events - Minimum EBIT (Details) - Subsequent Event - Credit Facility - Sixth Amendment to Credit Agreement
Nov. 21, 2022
USD ($)
Limited Availability Period One  
Debt Instrument [Line Items]  
Minimum Consolidated EBITDA $ 50.0
Limited Availability Period Two  
Debt Instrument [Line Items]  
Minimum Consolidated EBITDA $ 60.0
v3.22.2.2
Subsequent Events - Minimum Liquidity (Details)
Nov. 21, 2022
USD ($)
Limited Availability Period One | Credit Facility | Sixth Amendment to Credit Agreement | Subsequent Event  
Debt Instrument [Line Items]  
Minimum Liquidity $ 30.0
v3.22.2.2
Subsequent Events - Minimum Units Manufactured (Details) - Sixth Amendment to Credit Agreement - Credit Facility - Subsequent Event
Nov. 21, 2022
USD ($)
Limited Availability Period One  
Debt Instrument [Line Items]  
Minimum Units Manufactured 450
Limited Availability Period Two  
Debt Instrument [Line Items]  
Minimum Units Manufactured 900
Limited Availability Period Three  
Debt Instrument [Line Items]  
Minimum Units Manufactured 1,400
Limited Availability Period Four  
Debt Instrument [Line Items]  
Minimum Units Manufactured 1,900
Limited Availability Period Five  
Debt Instrument [Line Items]  
Minimum Units Manufactured 2,400
Limited Availability Period Six  
Debt Instrument [Line Items]  
Minimum Units Manufactured 3,000
v3.22.2.2
Subsequent Events - Covenants (Details) - Term Loan - Sixth Amendment to Credit Agreement - Subsequent Event
Nov. 21, 2022
Less than 2.00x | ABR Loans  
Debt Instrument [Line Items]  
Basis spread on variable rate (as a percent) 0.75%
Less than 2.00x | Eurodollar Loans  
Debt Instrument [Line Items]  
Basis spread on variable rate (as a percent) 1.75%
Greater than or equal to 2.00x and less than 2.50x | ABR Loans  
Debt Instrument [Line Items]  
Basis spread on variable rate (as a percent) 1.00%
Greater than or equal to 2.00x and less than 2.50x | Eurodollar Loans  
Debt Instrument [Line Items]  
Basis spread on variable rate (as a percent) 2.00%
Greater than or equal to 2.50x and less than 3.00x | ABR Loans  
Debt Instrument [Line Items]  
Basis spread on variable rate (as a percent) 1.25%
Greater than or equal to 2.50x and less than 3.00x | Eurodollar Loans  
Debt Instrument [Line Items]  
Basis spread on variable rate (as a percent) 2.25%
Greater than or equal to 3.00x and less than 3.25x | ABR Loans  
Debt Instrument [Line Items]  
Basis spread on variable rate (as a percent) 1.50%
Greater than or equal to 3.00x and less than 3.25x | Eurodollar Loans  
Debt Instrument [Line Items]  
Basis spread on variable rate (as a percent) 2.50%
Greater than or equal to 3.25x and less than 3.50x | ABR Loans  
Debt Instrument [Line Items]  
Basis spread on variable rate (as a percent) 1.75%
Greater than or equal to 3.25x and less than 3.50x | Eurodollar Loans  
Debt Instrument [Line Items]  
Basis spread on variable rate (as a percent) 2.75%
Greater than or equal to 3.50x and less than 4.00x | ABR Loans  
Debt Instrument [Line Items]  
Basis spread on variable rate (as a percent) 2.00%
Greater than or equal to 3.50x and less than 4.00x | Eurodollar Loans  
Debt Instrument [Line Items]  
Basis spread on variable rate (as a percent) 3.00%
Greater than or equal to 4.00x and less than 4.50x | ABR Loans  
Debt Instrument [Line Items]  
Basis spread on variable rate (as a percent) 2.75%
Greater than or equal to 4.00x and less than 4.50x | Eurodollar Loans  
Debt Instrument [Line Items]  
Basis spread on variable rate (as a percent) 3.75%
Greater than or equal to 4.50x and less than 5.00x | ABR Loans  
Debt Instrument [Line Items]  
Basis spread on variable rate (as a percent) 3.75%
Greater than or equal to 4.50x and less than 5.00x | Eurodollar Loans  
Debt Instrument [Line Items]  
Basis spread on variable rate (as a percent) 4.75%
Greater than 5.00x | ABR Loans  
Debt Instrument [Line Items]  
Basis spread on variable rate (as a percent) 4.75%
Greater than 5.00x | Eurodollar Loans  
Debt Instrument [Line Items]  
Basis spread on variable rate (as a percent) 5.75%
v3.22.2.2
Schedule II - Valuation and Qualifying Accounts (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Thousands
12 Months Ended
Oct. 01, 2022
Oct. 02, 2021
Oct. 03, 2020
Allowance for Doubtful Accounts      
SEC Schedule, 12-09, Movement in Valuation Allowances and Reserves [Roll Forward]      
Beginning Balance $ 100 $ 100 $ 100
Charges to Expense/(Income) 0 0 0
Doubtful Accounts Written Off, Net 0 0 0
Ending Balance 100 100 100
Deferred Tax Valuation Allowance      
SEC Schedule, 12-09, Movement in Valuation Allowances and Reserves [Roll Forward]      
Beginning Balance 3,453 3,453 2,476
Charges to Expense/(Income) 2,050 0 999
Doubtful Accounts Written Off, Net 0 0 (22)
Ending Balance $ 5,503 $ 3,453 $ 3,453