Audit Information |
12 Months Ended |
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Sep. 30, 2023 | |
| Audit Information [Abstract] | |
| Auditor Firm ID | 243 |
| Auditor Name | BDO USA, P.C. |
| Auditor Location | Atlanta, Georgia |
Consolidated Balance Sheets (Parenthetical) - USD ($) $ in Thousands |
Sep. 30, 2023 |
Oct. 01, 2022 |
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| Statement of Financial Position [Abstract] | ||
| Preferred stock, par value (in dollars per share) | $ 0.0001 | $ 0.0001 |
| Preferred stock, shares authorized (in shares) | 10,000,000 | 10,000,000 |
| Preferred stock, shares issued (in shares) | 0 | 0 |
| Preferred stock, liquidation preference | $ 0 | $ 0 |
| Common stock, par value (in dollars per share) | $ 0.0001 | $ 0.0001 |
| Common stock, shares authorized (in shares) | 100,000,000 | 100,000,000 |
| Common stock, shares outstanding (in shares) | 32,165,225 | 32,024,911 |
| Treasury Stock, at cost (in shares) | 1,782,568 | 1,782,568 |
Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income - USD ($) $ in Thousands |
12 Months Ended | ||
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Sep. 30, 2023 |
Oct. 01, 2022 |
Oct. 02, 2021 |
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| Statement of Comprehensive Income [Abstract] | |||
| Net income (loss) | $ 23,812 | $ (45,759) | $ (289) |
| Net change in defined benefit pension plan | 10,046 | 2,864 | 13,603 |
| Total other comprehensive income, net of tax | 10,046 | 2,864 | 13,603 |
| Comprehensive income (loss) | $ 33,858 | $ (42,895) | $ 13,314 |
Stockholder Transaction Costs |
12 Months Ended |
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Sep. 30, 2023 | |
| Equity [Abstract] | |
| Stockholder Transaction Costs | 13. Stockholders’ (Deficit) Equity Sale of Common Stock On December 15, 2021, the Company issued and sold through a private placement an aggregate 4,687,500 shares of its common stock at $16.00 per share (“Private Placement”) to Coliseum Capital Partners, L.P. and Blackwell Partners LLC – Series A (collectively, “Coliseum”), with net proceeds of $74.8 million. Subsequent to the sale, Coliseum owned an approximate 15% equity interest in the Company. During the second half of fiscal 2023, Coliseum sold all of its shares of common stock purchased through the private placement (see Note 19 for further information). 19. Stockholder Transaction Costs On June 7, 2023, the Company entered into an underwriting agreement with BofA Securities, Inc. and Barclays Capital Inc., as representatives of the several underwriters and American Securities LLC and Coliseum ("Selling Stockholders"), pursuant to which the Selling Stockholders agreed to sell 5,175,000 shares of common stock, including the sale of 675,000 shares pursuant to the underwriters’ exercise of their over-allotment option, at a purchase price of $20.00 per share. On September 11, 2023, the Company entered into another underwriting agreement with Barclays Capital, Inc., and the Selling Stockholders, pursuant to which the Selling Stockholders agreed to sell 2,500,000 shares of common stock, at purchase price of $21.00 per share (collectively, "Offerings") The Offerings were conducted pursuant to prospectus supplements, dated June 7, 2023 and September 11, 2023, respectively, to the prospectus, dated December 22, 2021, included in the Company’s registration statement on Form S-3 (File No. 333-261858) that was initially filed with the SEC on December 23, 2021. The Offerings closed on June 12, 2023 and September 14, 2023, respectively. Although the Company did not sell any shares or receive any proceeds from the Offerings, it was required to pay certain expenses in connection with the Offerings, which totaled $7.4 million during fiscal 2023, with no similar expense recorded during fiscal 2022. The $7.4 million of expense is included within other (expense) income, net on the Consolidated Statements of Operations for fiscal 2023.
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Nature of Business and Basis of Presentation |
12 Months Ended |
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Sep. 30, 2023 | |
| Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements [Abstract] | |
| Nature of Business and Basis of Presentation | 1. Nature of Business and Basis of Presentation Nature of Business Blue Bird Body Company ("BBBC"), a wholly-owned subsidiary of Blue Bird Corporation, was incorporated in 1958 and has manufactured, assembled and sold school buses to a variety of municipal, federal and commercial customers since 1927. The majority of BBBC’s sales are made to an independent dealer network, which in turn sells buses to ultimate end users. References in these notes to financial statements to “Blue Bird,” the “Company,” “we,” “our,” or “us” refer to Blue Bird Corporation and its wholly-owned subsidiaries, unless the context specifically indicates otherwise. We are headquartered in Macon, Georgia. Basis of Presentation The accompanying consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and its wholly-owned subsidiaries. All significant inter-company transactions and accounts have been eliminated in consolidation. The Company’s fiscal year ends on the Saturday closest to September 30 with its quarters consisting of thirteen weeks in most years. The fiscal years ended September 30, 2023, October 1, 2022 and October 2, 2021 are referred to herein as “fiscal 2023,” “fiscal 2022” and “fiscal 2021,” respectively. There were 52 weeks in fiscal 2023, fiscal 2022, and fiscal 2021.
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Summary of Significant Accounting Policies and Recently Issued Accounting Standards |
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Sep. 30, 2023 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Accounting Policies [Abstract] | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Summary of Significant Accounting Policies and Recently Issued Accounting Standards | Summary of Significant Accounting Policies and Recently Issued Accounting Standards Use of Estimates and Assumptions The preparation of financial statements in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the U.S. (“U.S. GAAP”) requires management to make estimates and assumptions. At the date of the financial statements, these estimates and assumptions affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosures of contingent assets and liabilities, and during the reporting period, these estimates and assumptions affect the reported amounts of revenues and expenses. For example, significant management judgments are required in determining excess, obsolete, or unsalable inventory, allowance for doubtful accounts, potential impairment of long-lived assets, goodwill and intangible assets, the accounting for self-insurance reserves, warranty reserves, pension obligations, income taxes, environmental liabilities and contingencies. Future events, including the extent and duration of any COVID-19 outbreaks and continued supply chain constraints and their related economic impacts, and their effects cannot be predicted with certainty, and, accordingly, the Company’s accounting estimates require the exercise of judgment. The accounting estimates used in the preparation of the Company’s consolidated financial statements may change as new events occur, as more experience is acquired, as additional information is obtained and as the Company’s operating environment changes. The Company evaluates and updates its assumptions and estimates on an ongoing basis and may employ outside experts to assist in the Company’s evaluations. Actual results could differ from the estimates that the Company has used. Cash and Cash Equivalents The Company considers all highly liquid investments purchased with an original maturity of three months or less to be cash equivalents. Allowance for Doubtful Accounts Accounts receivable consist of amounts owed to the Company by customers. The Company monitors collections and payments from customers, and generally does not require collateral. Accounts receivable are generally due within 30 to 90 days. The Company provides for the possible inability to collect accounts receivable by recording an allowance for doubtful accounts. The Company reserves for an account when it is considered potentially uncollectible. The Company estimates its allowance for doubtful accounts based on historical experience, aging of accounts receivable and information regarding the creditworthiness of its customers. To date, losses have been within the range of management’s expectations. The Company writes off accounts receivable if it determines that the account is uncollectible. Revenue Recognition The Company records revenue when the following five steps have been completed: 1.Identification of the contract(s) with a customer; 2.Identification of the performance obligation(s) in the contract; 3.Determination of the transaction price; 4.Allocation of the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract; and 5.Recognition of revenue, when, or as, we satisfy performance obligations. The Company records revenue when performance obligations are satisfied by transferring control of a promised good or service to the customer. The Company evaluates the transfer of control primarily from the customer’s perspective where the customer has the ability to direct the use of, and obtain substantially all of the remaining benefits from, that good or service. Our product revenue includes sales of buses and bus parts, each of which are generally recognized as revenue at a point in time, once all conditions for revenue recognition have been met, as they represent our performance obligations in a sale. For buses, control is generally transferred and the customer has the ability to direct the use of and obtain substantially all of the remaining benefits of the product when the product is delivered or when the product has been completed, is ready for delivery, has been paid for, its title has transferred and it is awaiting pickup by the customer. For certain bus sale transactions, we may provide incentives including payment of a limited amount of future interest charges our customers may incur related to their purchase and financing of the bus with third party financing companies. We reduce revenue at the recording date by the full amount of potential future interest we may be obligated to pay, which is an application of the "most likely amount" method. For parts sales, control is generally transferred when the customer has the ability to direct the use of and obtain substantially all of the remaining benefits of the products, which generally coincides with the point in time when the customer has assumed risk of loss and title has passed for the goods sold. The Company sells extended warranties related to its products. Revenue related to these contracts is recognized based on the stand-alone selling price of the arrangement, on a straight-line basis over the contract period, and costs thereunder are expensed as incurred. The Company includes shipping and handling revenues, which are costs billed to customers, in net sales on the Consolidated Statements of Operations. Shipping and handling costs incurred are included in cost of goods sold. See Note 12, Revenue, for further revenue information. See Note 3, Supplemental Financial Information, for further information on warranties. Self-Insurance The Company is self-insured for the majority of its workers’ compensation and medical claims. The expected ultimate cost for claims incurred as of the balance sheet date is not discounted and is recognized as a liability. Self-insurance losses for claims filed and claims incurred but not reported are accrued based upon estimates of the aggregate liability for uninsured claims, using loss development factors and actuarial assumptions followed in the insurance industry and historical loss development experience. See Note 3, Supplemental Financial Information, and Note 16, Benefit Plans, for further information. Financial Instruments The Company’s financial instruments consist primarily of cash and cash equivalents, trade receivables, accounts payable, revolving credit facility and long-term debt. The carrying amounts of cash and cash equivalents, trade receivables and accounts payable approximate their fair values because of the short-term maturity and highly liquid nature of these instruments. The carrying value of the Company’s revolving credit facility and long-term debt approximates fair value due to the variable rates of interest, which reset frequently, relating to these debt instruments. See Note 8, Debt, for further discussion. Derivative Instruments In limited circumstances, we may utilize derivative instruments to manage certain exposures to changes in foreign currency exchange rates or interest rates relating to variable rate debt. The fair values of all derivative instruments are recognized as assets or liabilities at the balance sheet date. Changes in the fair value of these derivative instruments are recognized in our operating results or included in other comprehensive income (loss), depending on whether the derivative instrument qualifies, and is appropriately designated, for hedge accounting treatment and if so, whether it represents a fair value or cash flow hedge. Gains and losses on derivative instruments are recognized in the operating results line item that reflects the underlying exposure that was mitigated either via a formal hedge accounting relationship or economically. Inventories The Company values inventories at the lower of cost or net realizable value. The Company uses a standard costing methodology, which approximates cost on a first-in, first-out (“FIFO”) basis. The Company reviews the standard costs of raw materials, work-in-process and finished goods inventory on a periodic basis to ensure that its inventories approximate current actual costs. Manufacturing cost includes raw materials, direct labor and manufacturing overhead. Obsolete inventory amounts are based on historical usage and assumptions about future demand. Property, Plant and Equipment Property, plant and equipment are stated at cost, less accumulated depreciation and amortization. Depreciation and amortization is calculated on a straight-line basis using the following periods, which represent the estimated useful lives of the assets:
Costs, including capitalized interest and certain design, construction and installation costs related to assets that are under construction and are in the process of being readied for their intended use, are recorded as construction in progress and are not depreciated until such time as the subject asset is placed in service. Repairs and maintenance that do not extend the useful life of the asset are expensed as incurred. Upon sale, retirement, or other disposition of these assets, the costs and related accumulated depreciation are removed from the respective accounts and any gain or loss on the disposition is included on our Consolidated Statements of Operations. Leases We determine if an arrangement is or contains a lease at inception. The Company enters into lease arrangements primarily for office space, warehouse space, or a combination of both. We elected to account for leases with initial terms of 12 months or less by recording operating lease expense on a straight-line basis instead of recording lease assets or liabilities. For a lease with an initial term greater than 12 months, the Company records a right-of-use (“ROU”) asset and lease liability on the Consolidated Balance Sheets. ROU assets represent our right to use an underlying asset for the lease term and lease liabilities represent our obligation to make lease payments arising from the lease. We determine whether the lease is an operating or finance lease at inception based on the information and expectations for the lease at that time. Operating lease ROU assets are included in property, plant and equipment and the lease liabilities are included in other current liabilities and other liabilities on our Consolidated Balance Sheets. Finance lease ROU assets are included in finance lease right-of-use assets and the lease liabilities are included in finance lease obligations (current) and finance lease obligations (long-term) on our Consolidated Balance Sheets. Lease ROU assets and liabilities are recorded at commencement date based on the present value of lease payments over the lease term. As the leases recorded typically do not provide an implicit rate, we use our incremental borrowing rate based on the information available at commencement date in determining the present value of lease payments. Our lease terms may include options to extend or terminate the lease when it is reasonably certain that we will exercise that option. Operating lease ROU assets also include any base rental or lease payments made and exclude lease incentives. The two components of operating lease expense, amortization and interest, are recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term as a single expense element within selling, general and administrative expenses on the Consolidated Statements of Operations. Under the finance lease model, interest on the lease liability is recognized in interest expense and amortization of ROU assets is recorded on the Consolidated Statements of Operations based on the underlying use of the assets. Impairment of Long-Lived Assets The Company reviews its long-lived assets, including property, plant and equipment, for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable. If we are required to analyze recoverability based on a triggering event, undiscounted future cash flows over the estimated remaining life of the asset, or asset group, are projected. If these projected cash flows are less than the carrying amount, an impairment loss is recognized to the extent the fair value of the asset less any costs of disposition is less than the carrying amount of the asset. Judgments regarding the existence of impairment indicators are based on market and operational performance. Evaluating potential impairment also requires estimates of future operating results and cash flows. Goodwill and Intangible Assets Goodwill represents the excess of the purchase price of acquired businesses over the fair value of the assets acquired less liabilities assumed in connection with such acquisition. In accordance with the provisions of Accounting Standards Codification Topic ("ASC") 350, Intangibles—Goodwill and Other, goodwill and intangible assets with indefinite useful lives acquired in an acquisition are not amortized, but instead are tested for impairment at least annually or more frequently should an event occur or circumstances indicate that the carrying amount may be impaired. Such events or circumstances may include a significant change in business climate, economic and industry trends, legal factors, negative operating performance indicators, significant competition, changes in strategy or disposition of a reporting unit or a portion thereof. We have two reporting units for which we test goodwill for impairment: Bus and Parts. In the evaluation of goodwill for impairment, we have the option to perform a qualitative assessment to determine whether further impairment testing is necessary or to perform a quantitative assessment by comparing the fair value of a reporting unit to its carrying amount, including goodwill. When performing a qualitative assessment, an entity is not required to calculate the fair value of a reporting unit unless the entity determines that it is more likely than not that its fair value is less than its carrying amount. If, when performing a quantitative assessment, the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying amount, then the amount of the impairment loss, if any, must be measured using step two of the impairment analysis. In step two of the analysis, we would record an impairment loss equal to the excess of the carrying value of the reporting unit’s goodwill over its implied fair value, should such a circumstance arise. The fair value of the reporting units is estimated primarily using the income approach, which incorporates the use of discounted cash flow ("DCF") analysis. A number of significant assumptions and estimates are involved in the application of the DCF model to forecast operating cash flows, including markets and market shares, sales volumes and prices, costs to produce, tax rates, capital spending, discount rate and working capital changes. The cash flow forecasts are based on approved strategic operating plans and long-term forecasts. In the evaluation of indefinite lived assets for impairment, we have the option to perform a qualitative assessment to determine whether further impairment testing is necessary, or to perform a quantitative assessment by comparing the fair value of an asset to its carrying amount. The Company’s intangible asset with an indefinite useful life is the "Blue Bird" trade name. When performing a qualitative assessment, an entity is not required to calculate the fair value of the asset unless the entity determines that it is more likely than not that its fair value is less than its carrying amount. If a qualitative assessment is not performed or if a quantitative assessment is otherwise required, then the entity compares the fair value of an asset to its carrying amount and the amount of the impairment loss, if any, is the difference between fair value and carrying value. The fair value of our trade name is derived by using the relief from royalty method, which discounts the estimated cash savings we realized by owning the name instead of otherwise having to license or lease it. Our intangible assets with a definite useful life are amortized over their estimated useful lives, 7 or 20 years, using the straight-line method. The useful lives of our intangible assets are reassessed annually and they are tested for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate the carrying amount of the asset may not be recoverable. Debt Issue Costs Amounts paid directly to lenders or as an original issue discount and amounts classified as issuance costs are recorded as a reduction in the carrying value of the debt, for which the Company had deferred financing costs totaling $1.5 million and $1.4 million at September 30, 2023 and October 1, 2022, respectively, incurred in connection with its debt facilities and related amendments. All deferred financing costs are amortized to interest expense. The effective interest method is used for debt discounts related to the term loan. The Company’s amortization of these costs was $1.5 million, $1.5 million and $1.1 million for fiscal 2023, fiscal 2022 and fiscal 2021, respectively, and is reflected as a component of interest expense on the Consolidated Statements of Operations. See Note 8, Debt, for a discussion of the Company’s indebtedness. Pensions The Company accounts for its pension benefit obligations using actuarial models. The measurement of plan obligations and assets was made at September 30, 2023. Effective January 1, 2006, the benefit plan was frozen to all participants. No accrual of future benefits is earned or calculated beyond this date. Accordingly, our obligation estimate is based on benefits earned at that time discounted using an estimate of the single equivalent discount rate determined by matching the plan’s future expected cash flows to spot rates from a yield curve comprised of high-quality corporate bond rates of various durations. The Company recognizes the funded status of its pension plan obligations on the Consolidated Balance Sheet and records in other comprehensive income (loss) certain gains and losses that arise during the period, but are deferred under pension accounting rules. Pension expense is recognized as a component of other income (expense), net on our Consolidated Statements of Operations. Product Warranty Costs The Company’s products are generally warranted against defects in material and workmanship for a period of one year to five years. A provision for estimated warranty costs is recorded at the time a unit is sold. The methodology to determine the warranty reserve calculates the average expected warranty claims using warranty claims by body type, by month, over the life of the bus, which is then multiplied by remaining months under warranty, by warranty type. Management believes the methodology provides an accurate reserve estimate. Actual claims incurred could differ from the original estimates, requiring future adjustments. The Bus segment also sells extended warranties related to its products. Revenue related to these contracts is recognized on a straight-line basis over the contract period and costs thereunder are expensed as incurred. All warranty expenses are recorded in the cost of goods sold line on the Consolidated Statements of Operations. The current methodology to determine short-term extended warranty income reserve is based on twelve months of the remaining warranty value for each effective extended warranty at the balance sheet date. See Note 3, Supplemental Financial Information, for further information. Research and Development Research and development costs are expensed as incurred and included in selling, general and administrative expenses on our Consolidated Statements of Operations. For fiscal 2023, fiscal 2022 and fiscal 2021, the Company expensed $6.6 million, $6.1 million and $5.2 million, respectively. Income Taxes The Company accounts for income taxes in accordance with ASC 740, Income Taxes (“ASC 740”), which requires an asset and liability approach to financial accounting and reporting for income taxes. Under this approach, deferred income taxes represent the expected future tax consequences of temporary differences between the financial statement and tax basis of assets and liabilities. The Company evaluates its ability, based on the weight of evidence available, to realize future tax benefits from deferred tax assets and establishes a valuation allowance to reduce a deferred tax asset to a level which, more likely than not, will be realized in future years. The Company recognizes uncertain tax positions based on a cumulative probability assessment if it is more likely than not that the tax position will be sustained upon examination by an appropriate tax authority with full knowledge of all information. Recognized income tax positions are measured at the largest amount that is greater than 50% likely of being realized. Amounts recorded for uncertain tax positions are periodically assessed, including the evaluation of new facts and circumstances, to ensure sustainability of the positions. The Company records interest and penalties related to unrecognized tax benefits in income tax expense. The Company's policy for releasing income tax effects from accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) is to use a specific identification approach. Environmental Liabilities The Company records reserves for environmental liabilities on a discounted basis when environmental investigation and remediation obligations are probable and related costs are reasonably estimable. See Note 10, Guarantees, Commitments and Contingencies, for further information. Segment Reporting Operating segments are components of an entity that engage in business activities with discrete financial information available that is regularly reviewed by the chief operating decision maker (“CODM”) in order to assess performance and allocate resources. The Company’s CODM is its Chief Executive Officer. As discussed further in Note 11, Segment Information, the Company determined its operating and reportable segments to be Bus and Parts. The Bus segment includes the manufacturing and assembly of school buses to be sold to a variety of customers across the U.S., Canada and in certain limited international markets. The Parts segment consists primarily of the purchase of parts from third parties to be sold to dealers within the Company’s network and certain large fleet customers. Statement of Cash Flows We classify distributions received from our equity method investment, if any, using the nature of distribution approach, such that distributions received are classified based on the nature of the activity of the investee that generated the distribution. Returns on investment are classified within operating activities, while returns of investment are classified within investing activities. The exchange of cash, if any, associated with derivative transactions is classified in the same category as the cash flows from the underlying items giving rise to the foreign currency or interest rate exposures. Recently Issued Accounting Standards ASU 2020-04 On March 12, 2020, the Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") issued Accounting Standards Update ("ASU") 2020-04, Reference Rate Reform (Topic 848): Facilitation of the Effects of Reference Rate Reform on Financial Reporting, providing temporary guidance to ease the potential burden in accounting for reference rate reform primarily resulting from the discontinuation of the U.S. Dollar London Interbank Offering Rate ("LIBOR"), which was initially expected to occur on December 31, 2021. The amendments in ASU 2020-04 are elective and apply to all entities that have contracts, hedging relationships, and other transactions that reference LIBOR or another reference rate expected to be discontinued. ASU 2021-01 On January 7, 2021, the FASB issued ASU 2021-01, Reference Rate Reform (Topic 848): Scope, which refines the scope of ASC 848, Reference Rate Reform, and clarifies some of its guidance as part of the FASB’s ongoing monitoring of global reference rate reform activities. The ASU permits entities to elect certain optional expedients and exceptions when accounting for derivative contracts and certain hedging relationships affected by changes in the interest rates used for discounting cash flows, computing variation margin settlements, and calculating price alignment interest in connection with reference rate reform activities under way in global financial markets. ASU 2022-06 On December 21, 2022, the FASB issued ASU 2022-06, Reference Rate Reform (Topic 848): Deferral of the Sunset Date of Topic 848, which defers the sunset date of ASC 848 from December 31, 2022 to December 31, 2024, after which entities will no longer be permitted to apply the relief in ASC 848. The above amendments were effective for all entities from March 12, 2020 through December 31, 2022. An entity could elect to apply the amendments to contract modifications on a (i) full retrospective basis as of any date from the beginning of an interim period that included or was subsequent to March 12, 2020 or (ii) prospective basis from any date within an interim period that included or was subsequent to March 12, 2020 through the date that the interim financial statements were issued or available to be issued. On March 5, 2021, the Intercontinental Exchange, Inc. ("ICE") Benchmark Administration ("IBA"), the administrator of LIBOR, issued a statement, following the completion of a formal consultation process, reaffirming the preliminary announcement it made on November 30, 2020, to cease publication of (i) 1 week and 2 month LIBOR subsequent to December 31, 2021 and (ii) the overnight and 1, 3, 6 and 12 month LIBOR tenors subsequent to June 30, 2023. The IBA’s statement regarding such cessation dates primarily resulted from a majority of LIBOR panel banks communicating to the IBA that they would be unwilling to continue contributing to the relevant LIBOR settings after such dates. As a result, the IBA determined that it would be unable to publish the relevant LIBOR settings on a representative basis after such dates. The United Kingdom Financial Conduct Authority ("FCA"), which regulates the IBA, confirmed that, based on information it received from LIBOR panel banks, it did not expect that any LIBOR settings would become unrepresentative before the announced cessation dates summarized above. With the maturity of the interest rate collar on September 30, 2022 (see Note 3) and execution of the Fifth Amended Credit Agreement (defined below) on September 2, 2022, which, among other things, changed one of the market interest rate indices that the Company can elect to accrue interest on outstanding borrowings from LIBOR to the Secured Overnight Financing Rate as administered by the Federal Reserve Bank of New York (“SOFR”) and became effective at the end of the applicable interest period for any LIBOR borrowings outstanding on the fifth amendment effective date, the Company no longer has any contracts that reference LIBOR. The change in interest rate indices from LIBOR to SOFR occurred at the end of December 2022 when the LIBOR interest rate on outstanding borrowings on the fifth amendment effective date matured. At that time, the Company adjusted the effective interest rate on outstanding borrowings on a prospective basis, which did not have a material impact on the consolidated financial statements. Any recently issued accounting standards not identified above do not apply to the Company or the impact is expected to be immaterial.
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Supplemental Financial Information |
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| Condensed Financial Information [Abstract] | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Supplemental Financial Information | 3. Supplemental Financial Information Accounts Receivable Accounts receivable, net, consisted of the following at the dates indicated:
Product Warranties The following table reflects activity in accrued warranty cost (current and long-term portion combined) for the fiscal years presented:
Extended Warranties The following table reflects activity in deferred warranty income (current and long-term portions combined), for the sale of extended warranties of two years to five years, for the fiscal years presented:
The outstanding balance of deferred warranty income in the table above is considered a "contract liability," and represents a performance obligation of the Company that we satisfy over the term of the arrangement but for which we have been paid in full at the time the warranty was sold. We expect to recognize $8.1 million of the outstanding contract liability in fiscal 2024, and the remaining balance thereafter. Other Current Liabilities The balance in other current liabilities as of September 30, 2023 includes approximately $18.5 million of funds awarded by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency in administering the U.S. Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act (“IIJA”) that was signed into law in mid-November 2021. The IIJA allocates federal funds to help local school jurisdictions purchase zero and low emission school buses over a five year period. The Company recorded the receipt of these funds as deferred revenue and expects to recognize the vast majority of this amount as revenue during first half of fiscal 2024 as the underlying buses are produced and delivered. Self-Insurance The following table reflects the total accrued self-insurance liability, comprised of workers' compensation and health insurance related claims, at the dates indicated:
The current and long-term portions of the accrued self-insurance liability are included in accrued expenses and other liabilities, respectively, on the accompanying Consolidated Balance Sheets. Shipping and Handling Shipping and handling revenues recognized were $18.5 million, $16.0 million and $13.4 million for fiscal 2023, fiscal 2022 and fiscal 2021, respectively. The related cost of goods sold were $16.6 million, $14.3 million and $11.7 million for fiscal 2023, fiscal 2022 and fiscal 2021, respectively. Derivative Instruments We are charged variable rates of interest on our indebtedness outstanding under the Amended Credit Agreement (defined in Note 8) which exposes us to fluctuations in interest rates. On October 24, 2018, the Company entered into a four year interest rate collar with a $150.0 million notional value with an effective date of November 30, 2018. The collar was entered into in order to partially mitigate our exposure to interest rate fluctuations on our variable rate debt. The collar established a range where we paid the counterparty if the three month LIBOR rate fell below the established floor rate of 1.5%, and the counterparty paid us if the three month LIBOR rate exceeded the ceiling rate of 3.3%. The collar settled quarterly through the termination date of September 30, 2022. No payments or receipts were exchanged on the interest rate collar contracts unless interest rates rose above or fell below the contracted ceiling or floor rates. Throughout much of fiscal 2021 and fiscal 2022, the three month LIBOR rate fell below the established floor, which required us to make $2.0 million and $1.2 million in total cash payments to the counterparty in each fiscal year, respectively.
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Inventories |
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| Inventory Disclosure [Abstract] | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Inventories | 4. Inventories The following table presents components of inventories at the dates indicated:
At October 1, 2022, certain Bus segment inventory had an approximate $8.8 million cumulative cost in excess of net realizable value, which was recognized as a loss in fiscal 2022. No such cumulative cost in excess of net realizable value was present at September 30, 2023.
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| Property, Plant and Equipment | 5. Property, Plant and Equipment Property, plant and equipment, net, consisted of the following at the dates indicated:
(1) Further information is included in Note 10, Guarantees, Commitments and Contingencies. Depreciation and amortization expense for property, plant and equipment was $13.3 million, $10.9 million, and $9.8 million for fiscal 2023, fiscal 2022, and fiscal 2021, respectively. We capitalized $0.7 million of interest expense in fiscal 2023 related to the construction of plant manufacturing assets. A $1.4 million impairment loss for certain equipment that is no longer used in the Bus segment production process was recognized in fiscal 2022. No impairment loss was recognized in fiscal 2023 or fiscal 2021.
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Goodwill |
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| Goodwill and Intangible Assets Disclosure [Abstract] | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Goodwill | 6. Goodwill The carrying amounts of goodwill by reporting unit are as follows at the dates indicated:
In the fourth quarters of fiscal 2023 and fiscal 2022, we performed our annual impairment assessment of goodwill that did not indicate that an impairment existed; therefore, no impairments of goodwill have been recorded.
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| Goodwill and Intangible Assets Disclosure [Abstract] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Intangible Assets | 7. Intangible Assets The gross carrying amounts and accumulated amortization of intangible assets are as follows at the dates indicated:
Management considers the "Blue Bird" trade name to have an indefinite useful life and, accordingly, it is not subject to amortization. Management reached this conclusion principally due to the longevity of the Blue Bird name and because management considers renewal upon reaching the legal limit of the trademarks related to the trade name as perfunctory. The Company expects to maintain usage of the trade name on existing products and introduce new products in the future that will also display the trade name. During the fourth quarters of fiscal 2023 and fiscal 2022, we performed our annual impairment assessment of our trade name, which did not indicate that an impairment existed; therefore, no impairment of our indefinite lived intangible has been recorded. Customer relationships are amortized on a straight-line basis over an estimated life of 20 years. Engineering designs are amortized on a straight-line basis over an estimated life of 7 years. Total amortization expense for intangible assets was $2.0 million, $2.0 million, and $2.2 million for fiscal 2023, fiscal 2022, and fiscal 2021, respectively. Remaining amortization expense for finite lived intangible assets is expected to be as follows:
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Debt |
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| Debt Disclosure [Abstract] | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Debt | 8. Debt Original Credit Agreement On December 12, 2016, BBBC ("Borrower"), executed a $235.0 million five-year credit agreement with Bank of Montreal, which acts as the administrative agent and an issuing bank, Fifth Third Bank, as co-syndication agent and an issuing bank, and Regions Bank, as co-syndication agent, together with other lenders ("Credit Agreement"). The credit facilities provided for under the Credit Agreement consisted of a term loan facility in an aggregate initial principal amount of $160.0 million (the “Term Loan Facility”) and a revolving credit facility with aggregate commitments of $75.0 million. The revolving credit facility included a $15.0 million letter of credit sub-facility and a $5.0 million swing-line sub-facility (“Revolving Credit Facility,” and together with the Term Loan Facility, each a “Credit Facility” and collectively, the “Credit Facilities”). The obligations under the Credit Agreement and the related loan documents (including without limitation, the borrowings under the Credit Facilities and obligations in respect of certain cash management and hedging obligations owing to the agents, the lenders or their affiliates), are, in each case, secured by a lien on and security interest in substantially all of the assets of the Company and its subsidiaries including the Borrower, with certain exclusions as set forth in a collateral agreement entered into on the closing date. First Amendment to the Credit Agreement On September 13, 2018, the Company entered into a first amendment to the Credit Agreement ("First Amended Credit Agreement"). The First Amended Credit Agreement provided for additional funding of $50.0 million and was funded in the first quarter of fiscal 2019. Substantially all of the proceeds were used to complete a tender offer to purchase shares of our common and preferred stock. The First Amended Credit Agreement also increased the revolving credit facility to $100.0 million from $75.0 million, a $25.0 million increase. The amendment extended the maturity date to September 13, 2023, five years from the effective date of the first amendment. The first amendment also amended the interest rate pricing matrix (as follows) as well as the principal payment schedule (which was subsequently amended as discussed below). In connection with the First Amended Credit Agreement, we incurred $2.0 million of debt discount and issuance costs, which were recorded as contra-debt and are being amortized over the life of the Amended Credit Agreement (defined below) using the effective interest method. The interest rate on the Term Loan Facility was (i) from the first amendment effective date until the first quarter ended on or about September 30, 2018, LIBOR plus 2.25%, and (ii) commencing with the fiscal quarter ended on or about September 30, 2018 and thereafter, dependent on the Total Net Leverage Ratio ("TNLR") of the Company, an election of either base rate or LIBOR pursuant to the table below:
Second Amendment to the Credit Agreement On May 7, 2020, the Company entered into a second amendment to the Credit Agreement and First Amended Credit Agreement (“Second Amended Credit Agreement”). The Second Amended Credit Agreement provided $41.9 million in additional revolving commitments bringing the total revolving commitments to $141.9 million. The revolving commitments under the Second Amended Credit Agreement mature on September 13, 2023, which is the fifth anniversary of the effective date of the First Amended Credit Agreement. The interest rate pricing grid remained unchanged, but the LIBOR floor was amended from 0% to 0.75%. We incurred $0.9 million in fees related to the amendment. The fees were capitalized to other assets on the Consolidated Balance Sheets and are being amortized on a straight-line basis to interest expense until maturity of the Amended Credit Agreement (defined below). Third Amendment to the Credit Agreement On December 4, 2020, the Company executed a third amendment to the Credit Agreement, First Amended Credit Agreement and Second Amended Credit Agreement ("Third Amended Credit Agreement"). The Third Amended Credit Agreement, among other things, provided for certain temporary amendments to the Credit Agreement from the third amendment effective date through and including the first date on which (a)(i) a compliance certificate was timely delivered with respect to a fiscal quarter ending on or after March 31, 2022 demonstrating compliance with certain financial performance covenants for such fiscal quarter (the “Limited Availability Period”), or (ii) the Borrower elected to terminate the Limited Availability Period; and (b) the absence of a default or event of default. Amendments to the financial performance covenants provided that during the Limited Availability Period, a higher maximum TNLR was permitted, and required the Company to maintain liquidity (in the form of undrawn availability under the Revolving Credit Facility and unrestricted cash and cash equivalents) of at least $15.0 million. For the duration between the fiscal quarter ended on or around December 31, 2020 and the fiscal quarter ended on or around September 30, 2021 that fell within the Limited Availability Period, a quarterly minimum consolidated EBITDA covenant applied instead of a maximum TNLR. The pricing grid in the First Amended Credit Agreement, which was based on the ratio of the Company’s consolidated net debt to consolidated EBITDA, remained unchanged. However, during the Limited Availability Period, an additional margin of 0.50% applied. During the Limited Availability Period, the Amended Credit Agreement required that Borrower prepay existing revolving loans and, if undrawn and unreimbursed letters of credit exceeded $7.0 million, cash collateralize letters of credit if unrestricted cash and cash equivalents exceeded $20.0 million, as determined on a semimonthly basis. Any issuance, amendment, renewal, or extension of credit during the Limited Availability Period could not cause unrestricted cash and cash equivalents to exceed $20.0 million, or cause the aggregate outstanding Revolving Credit Facility principal to exceed $100.0 million. The Third Amended Credit Agreement also implemented a cap on permissible investments, restricted payments, certain payments of indebtedness and the fair market value of all assets subject to permitted dispositions during the Limited Availability Period. For the duration of the Limited Availability Period, the Amended Credit Agreement set forth additional monthly reporting requirements, and required subordination agreements and intercreditor arrangements for certain other indebtedness and liens subject to administrative agent approval. The Company incurred approximately $2.5 million in lender fees and other issuance costs relating to the third amendment. Of such total, approximately $1.1 million and $0.9 million was capitalized within other assets and long-term debt (as a contra-balance), respectively, on the Consolidated Balance Sheets and are being amortized as an adjustment to interest expense on a straight-line basis and utilizing the effective interest method, respectively, until maturity of the Amended Credit Agreement (defined below). The remaining approximate $0.5 million was recorded to loss on debt modification on the Consolidated Statements of Operations. In conjunction with executing the third amendment, previously capitalized lender fees and other issuance costs incurred in prior periods totaling approximately $0.1 million were expensed to loss on debt modification on the Consolidated Statements of Operations. Fourth Amendment to the Credit Agreement On November 24, 2021, the Company executed a fourth amendment to the Credit Agreement, First Amended Credit Agreement, Second Amended Credit Agreement and Third Amended Credit Agreement (the "Fourth Amended Credit Agreement"). The Fourth Amended Credit Agreement, among other things, provided for certain temporary amendments to the Credit Agreement from the third amendment effective date through and including (a) April 1, 2023 (the “Amended Limited Availability Period”), or (b) the first date on which Borrower elected to terminate the Amended Limited Availability Period, in each case, subject to (x) the absence of a default or event of default and (y) pro forma compliance with the financial covenant performance covenants under the Fourth Amended Credit Agreement. With respect to the financial performance covenants, during the Amended Limited Availability Period for the fiscal quarters ended January 1, 2022 through October 1, 2022, the TNLR requirement was not applicable, although it continued to impact the interest rate that was charged on outstanding borrowings as discussed below. Instead, the minimum consolidated EBITDA that the Company was required to maintain during the Amended Limited Availability Period was updated to include fiscal 2022 as set forth in the table below (in millions):
However, in the event that Borrower elected to terminate the Amended Limited Availability Period in fiscal 2022, the maximum TNLR permitted was 3.50x. The minimum liquidity (in the form of undrawn availability under the Revolving Credit Facility and unrestricted cash and cash equivalents) that the Company was required to maintain during the Amended Limited Availability Period was amended as set forth in the table below (in millions):
Additionally, a new financial performance covenant was added in the Fourth Amended Credit Agreement, requiring that school bus units manufactured by the Company (“Units”) not fall below the pre-set thresholds set forth in the table below on a three month trailing basis (“Units Covenant”). The Units Covenant was triggered only if the Company’s liquidity for the most-recently ended fiscal month was less than $50 million during the Amended Limited Availability Period:
If the Units during any three fiscal month period set forth above was less than the minimum required by the Units Covenant, Borrower could elect to carry forward up to 50% of certain applicable excess Units to satisfy the Units Covenant requirement. However, Borrower could not make such election in two consecutive three fiscal month periods. The pricing grid in the Fourth Amended Credit Agreement, which was based on the TNLR, was determined in accordance with the amended pricing matrix set forth below:
During the Amended Limited Availability Period (notwithstanding the pricing grid set forth above), the applicable rate was (a) solely to the extent that the aggregate revolving exposures exceeded $100.0 million, 5.75% with respect to such excess and (b) with respect to all other revolving exposures, the sum of the rate determined by the administrative agent in accordance with the pricing grid set forth above, plus 0.50%. Additional allowances were made in the Fourth Amended Credit Agreement for the Company to issue or incur up to $100.0 million of qualified equity interests issued by the Company, unsecured subordinated indebtedness or unsecured convertible indebtedness (collectively, “Junior Capital”). Upon the issuance or incurrence of any Junior Capital, the Company was required to prepay the outstanding revolving loans (with no permanent reduction in the revolving commitments) in an amount equal to the lesser of (a) 100% of the net proceeds from such Junior Capital and (b) the aggregate of revolving exposures then outstanding. Prior to the initial issuance or incurrence of any Junior Capital, any issuance, amendment, renewal, or extension of credit during the Amended Limited Availability Period could not cause the aggregate outstanding Revolving Credit Facility principal to exceed $110.0 million (“Availability Cap”). Following the issuance and sale of $75.0 million of common stock in a private placement transaction on December 15, 2021 (see Note 13, Stockholders' (Deficit) Equity, for further details), the Availability Cap was permanently reduced to $100.0 million. For the duration of the Amended Limited Availability Period, the Fourth Amended Credit Agreement set forth additional monthly reporting requirements in connection with the manufactured school bus units required by the financial performance covenants, when applicable. The Company incurred approximately $2.5 million in lender fees and other issuance costs relating to the fourth amendment. Of such total, approximately $1.1 million and $0.8 million was capitalized within other assets and long-term debt (as a contra-balance), respectively, on the Consolidated Balance Sheets and will be amortized as an adjustment to interest expense on a straight-line basis and utilizing the effective interest method, respectively, until maturity of the Amended Credit Agreement (defined below). The remaining approximate $0.5 million was recorded to loss on debt modification on the Consolidated Statements of Operations. In conjunction with executing the fourth amendment, previously capitalized lender fees and other issuance costs incurred in prior periods totaling approximately $0.1 million were also expensed to loss on debt modification on the Consolidated Statements of Operations. Fifth Amendment and Limited Waiver to the Credit Agreement On September 2, 2022, the Company executed a fifth amendment and limited waiver to the Credit Agreement, First Amended Credit Agreement, Second Amended Credit Agreement, Third Amended Credit Agreement and Fourth Amended Credit Agreement ("Fifth Amended Credit Agreement"). The Fifth Amended Credit Agreement, among other things, resulted in Borrower and administrative agent jointly electing an early opt-in to change one of the market interest rate indices that Borrower can elect to accrue interest on outstanding borrowings from LIBOR, which was discontinued subsequent to June 30, 2023, to SOFR. Such change became effective at the end of the applicable interest period for any LIBOR borrowings outstanding on the fifth amendment effective date. The Fifth Amended Credit Agreement also provided covenant relief, through December 31, 2022, via a waiver of the $20.0 million minimum consolidated EBITDA covenant calculated on a four quarter trailing basis for the fiscal quarter ended October 1, 2022 and the 2,306 minimum Units Covenant calculated on a three fiscal month trailing basis for the fiscal month ended October 1, 2022. The Company requested such covenant relief given the supply chain disruptions that continued to challenge the Company throughout fiscal 2022. Finally, the Fifth Amended Credit Agreement requires the Company to provide a rolling thirteen week cash flow forecast to the administrative agent, on a monthly basis, beginning with the fiscal month ended August 27, 2022 and ending with the fiscal month ending April 1, 2023. The Company incurred approximately $0.3 million in lender fees and other issuance costs relating to the fifth amendment. Of such total, approximately $0.1 million and $0.1 million was capitalized within other assets and long-term debt (as a contra-balance), respectively, on the Consolidated Balance Sheets and will be amortized as an adjustment to interest expense on a straight-line basis and utilizing the effective interest method, respectively, until maturity of the Amended Credit Agreement. The remaining approximate $0.1 million was recorded to loss on debt modification on the Consolidated Statements of Operations. Sixth Amendment to the Credit Agreement On November 21, 2022, the Company executed a sixth amendment to the Credit Agreement, First Amended Credit Agreement, Second Amended Credit Agreement, Third Amended Credit Agreement, Fourth Amended Credit Agreement and Fifth Amended Credit Agreement ("Sixth Amended Credit Agreement" and collectively, the "Amended Credit Agreement"). The Sixth Amended Credit Agreement, among other things, extends the maturity date for both the Term Loan Facility and Revolving Credit Facility from September 13, 2023 to December 31, 2024. The total Revolving Credit Facility commitment is reduced to an aggregate principal amount of $90.0 million, of which $80.0 million is available for Borrower to draw, with the remaining $10.0 million subject to written approval from the lenders, which, once obtained, will be irrevocable. There was no change in the Term Loan Facility commitment; however, the Sixth Amended Credit Agreement requires principal repayments approximating $5.0 million on a quarterly basis through September 30, 2024, with the remaining balance due upon maturity. There were $151.6 million of term loan borrowings outstanding on the sixth amendment effective date. The Sixth Amended Credit Agreement also provides for temporary amendments to certain financial performance covenants during the Amended Limited Availability Period, which will terminate on the date on which the Company’s TNLR for the two fiscal quarters most recently ended is each less than 4.00x and no default or event of default has occurred and is continuing. However, the Amended Limited Available Period can re-occur upon a default or event of default or if the TNLR for the immediately preceding fiscal quarter is equal to or greater than 4.00x. The minimum consolidated EBITDA that the Company is required to maintain during the Amended Limited Availability Period is updated as set forth in the table below (in millions):
For purposes of complying with the above minimum consolidated EBITDA covenant, the Company’s consolidated EBITDA for the (i) two fiscal quarter period ending July 1, 2023 is multiplied by 2 and (ii) three fiscal quarter period ending September 30, 2023 is multiplied by 4/3. The minimum liquidity (in the form of undrawn availability under the Revolving Credit Facility and unrestricted cash and cash equivalents) that the Company is required to maintain at the end of each fiscal month during the Amended Limited Availability Period is amended as set forth in the table below (in millions):
Additionally, the Units Covenant is amended for Units to be calculated at the end of each applicable fiscal month on a cumulative basis, with the minimum cumulative threshold that the Company is required to maintain during the Amended Limited Availability Period amended as set forth in the table below. The Units Covenant is triggered only if the Company’s liquidity for the most-recently ended fiscal month is less than $50.0 million during the Amended Limited Availability Period:
The Company is not required to comply with a maximum TNLR financial maintenance covenant for any fiscal quarters from the sixth amendment effective date through September 30, 2023, with the maximum threshold amended thereafter as follows:
The pricing grid in the Amended Credit Agreement, which is based on the TNLR, is applicable to both term loan and revolving borrowings and is determined in accordance with the amended pricing matrix set forth below:
Further, the pricing margins for levels VII though IX above are each increased (x) by 0.25% if the aggregate revolving borrowings are equal to or greater than $50.0 million and less than or equal to $80.0 million and (y) by 0.50% if the aggregate revolving borrowings are greater than $80.0 million. On the sixth amendment effective date, the interest rate was set at SOFR plus 5.75% and was adjusted, as applicable, for the fiscal quarter ending December 31, 2022 and subsequently in accordance with the amended pricing grid set forth above. Finally, the Company is required to deliver to the administrative agent, on a quarterly basis, a projected consolidated balance sheet and consolidated statements of projected operations and cash flows for the next four fiscal quarter period. The Company incurred approximately $3.3 million in lender fees and other issuance costs relating to the sixth amendment. Of such total, approximately $1.2 million and $1.5 million was capitalized within other assets and long-term debt (as a contra-balance), respectively, on the Consolidated Balance Sheets and will be amortized as an adjustment to interest expense on a straight-line basis and utilizing the effective interest method, respectively, until maturity of the Amended Credit Agreement. The remaining approximate $0.5 million was recorded to loss on debt modification on the Consolidated Statements of Operations. Additional Disclosures Debt consisted of the following at the dates indicated:
Term loans are recognized on the Consolidated Balance Sheets at the unpaid principal balance, and are not subject to fair value measurement; however, given the variable rates on the loans, the Company estimates the unpaid principal balance to approximate fair value. If measured at fair value in the financial statements, the term loans would be classified as Level 2 in the fair value hierarchy. At September 30, 2023 and October 1, 2022, $131.8 million and $151.6 million, respectively, were outstanding on the term loans. At September 30, 2023 and October 1, 2022, the stated interest rates on the term loans were 10.0% and 7.9%, respectively. At September 30, 2023 and October 1, 2022, the weighted-average annual effective interest rates for the term loans were 10.9% and 8.0%, respectively, which included amortization of the deferred debt issuance costs and interest payments relating to the interest rate collar, as applicable. There were no borrowings outstanding on the Revolving Credit Facility at September 30, 2023. Additionally, there were $6.3 million of Letters of Credit outstanding on September 30, 2023, providing the Company the ability to borrow $83.7 million on the revolving line of credit. Interest expense on all indebtedness for fiscal 2023, fiscal 2022 and fiscal 2021 was $18.0 million, $14.7 million, and $9.7 million, respectively. The schedule of remaining principal maturities for the term loans is as follows at September 30, 2023:
On November 17, 2023, prior to filing our fiscal 2023 Form 10-K, the Amended Credit Agreement was refinanced via the execution of a new credit agreement. Among other changes, the new credit agreement requires quarterly principal payments of approximately $1.3 million effective for the quarter ending March 30, 2024, with the remaining unpaid principal balance due on November 17, 2028. See Note 20, Subsequent Events, for further discussion.
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Income Taxes |
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| Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract] | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Income Taxes | 9. Income Taxes The components of income tax (expense) benefit were as follows for the fiscal years presented:
At September 30, 2023, the Company had $8.5 million (tax effected) in total state tax attributes, primarily comprised of $6.7 million (tax effected) in state tax credit carryforwards and $0.9 million (tax effected) in state net operating loss ("NOL") carryforwards. The Company maintains a partial valuation allowance on these state tax attributes. Specifically, the Company estimates that approximately $5.2 million (tax effected) of state tax credit carryforwards will expire unused between 2025 and 2032 and approximately $0.5 million (tax effected) of state NOL carryforwards will expire unused between 2028 and 2033. At September 30, 2023, the Company had $0.2 million (tax effected) in Federal NOL carryforwards, which the Company estimates will be fully utilized in future periods. The effective tax rates for fiscal 2023, fiscal 2022 and fiscal 2021 were 34.7%, 21.6% and 60.2%, respectively. The effective tax rate for fiscal 2023 differed from the statutory Federal income tax rate of 21.0%. The increase in the effective tax rate to 34.7% was primarily due to the impacts of state taxes and certain permanent items on the Federal rate. The effective tax rate for fiscal 2022 differed from the statutory Federal income tax rate of 21.0%. The increase in the effective tax rate to 21.6% was primarily due to the impacts of state taxes on the Federal rate. This increase was partially offset by an increase in the valuation allowance. The effective tax rate for fiscal 2021 differed from the statutory Federal income tax rate of 21.0%. There were several items that increased the effective tax rate to 60.2%, including the impacts of tax credits, return to accrual adjustments, and state taxes on the Federal rate. These increases were partially offset by a change in uncertain tax positions. A reconciliation between the reported income tax (expense) benefit and the amount computed by applying the statutory federal income tax rate is as follows:
The guidance for accounting for uncertainty in income taxes requires that a determination be made regarding whether a tax position, based solely on its technical merits, is more likely than not to be sustained upon examination, which is the threshold required for recognition of the tax position in the financial statements. During fiscal 2021, management obtained additional information that resulted in a conclusion that certain tax positions previously recognized in specific prior year financial statements may be subject to adjustment in conjunction with an examination. Accordingly, such determination resulted in the derecognition of these tax positions during fiscal 2021. The Company's liability arising from uncertain tax positions ("UTPs"), including accrued interest and penalties, is recorded in other liabilities in the Consolidated Balance Sheets. A reconciliation of the beginning and ending amount of unrecognized tax benefits is as follows:
The Company recognizes accrued interest and penalties related to unrecognized tax benefits as income tax expense. There was no accrued interest and penalties at September 30, 2023 and $0.1 million at October 1, 2022. The Company is subject to taxation mostly in the U.S. and various state jurisdictions. At September 30, 2023, tax years prior to 2019 are generally no longer subject to examination by Federal and most state tax authorities. The following table sets forth the sources of and differences between the financial accounting and tax bases of the Company’s assets and liabilities which give rise to the net deferred tax assets at the dates indicated:
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Guarantees, Commitments and Contingencies |
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| Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure [Abstract] | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Guarantees, Commitments and Contingencies | 10. Guarantees, Commitments and Contingencies Litigation At September 30, 2023, the Company had a number of product liability and other cases pending. Management believes that, considering the Company’s insurance coverage and its intention to vigorously defend its positions, the ultimate resolution of these matters will not have a material adverse impact on the Company’s financial statements. Environmental The Company is subject to a variety of environmental regulations relating to the use, storage, discharge and disposal of hazardous materials used in its manufacturing processes. Failure by the Company to comply with present and future regulations could subject it to future liabilities. In addition, such regulations could require the Company to acquire costly equipment or to incur other significant expenses to comply with environmental regulations. The Company is currently not involved in any material environmental proceedings and therefore, management believes that the resolution of environmental matters will not have a material adverse effect on the Company’s financial statements. Our environmental liability, included in on the Consolidated Balance Sheets, was $0.3 million and $0.1 million at September 30, 2023 and October 1, 2022, respectively. Cash flows over the next five years are expected to be immaterial each year, with no material difference between total cash flows and our accrued balance. Lease Commitments We have operating and finance leases for office space, warehouse space, or a combination of both. Our leases have remaining lease terms ranging from 0.3 years to 5.9 years with the option to extend leases for up to 0.3 years. The components of lease costs included on the Consolidated Statements of Operations are as follows:
(1) Short-term lease cost includes both leases and rentals with initial terms of one year or less. Classification depends on the purpose of the underlying lease. The following table summarizes the lease amounts included on the Consolidated Balance Sheets as follows:
(1) Net of accumulated amortization of $2.5 million and $1.8 million, respectively. The financing and operating leases recorded do not assume renewal based on our analysis of those leases and their contractual terms. Lease liability maturities are presented in the following table:
Lease terms and discount rates are presented in the following table:
Supplemental cash flow information is presented in the following table:
Purchase Commitments In the ordinary course of business, the Company enters into short-term contractual purchase orders for manufacturing inventory and capital assets. The amount of these commitments is expected to be as follows:
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Segment Information |
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| Segment Reporting [Abstract] | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Segment Information | 11. Segment Information We manage our business in two operating segments: (i) the Bus segment, which includes the manufacture and assembly of buses to be sold to a variety of customers across the U.S., Canada, and in certain limited international markets; and (ii) the Parts segment, which consists primarily of the purchase of parts from third parties to be sold to dealers within the Company’s network and certain large fleet customers. Management evaluates the segments based primarily upon revenues and gross profit, which are reflected in the tables below for the periods presented: Net sales
(1) Parts segment revenue includes $5.6 million, $3.9 million, and $3.8 million for fiscal 2023, fiscal 2022 and fiscal 2021, respectively, related to inter-segment sales of parts that was eliminated by the Bus segment upon consolidation. Gross profit
The following table is a reconciliation of segment gross profit to consolidated income before income taxes for the fiscal years presented:
Sales are attributable to geographic areas based on customer location and were as follows for the fiscal years presented:
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Revenue |
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| Revenue from Contract with Customer [Abstract] | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Revenue | 12. Revenue The following table disaggregates revenue by product category for the periods presented:
(1) Includes buses sold with any power source other than diesel (e.g., gasoline, propane, compressed natural gas ("CNG"), or electric). (2) Includes shipping and handling revenue, extended warranty income, surcharges, chassis, and bus shell sales.
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| Equity [Abstract] | |
| Stockholders' Deficit | 13. Stockholders’ (Deficit) Equity Sale of Common Stock On December 15, 2021, the Company issued and sold through a private placement an aggregate 4,687,500 shares of its common stock at $16.00 per share (“Private Placement”) to Coliseum Capital Partners, L.P. and Blackwell Partners LLC – Series A (collectively, “Coliseum”), with net proceeds of $74.8 million. Subsequent to the sale, Coliseum owned an approximate 15% equity interest in the Company. During the second half of fiscal 2023, Coliseum sold all of its shares of common stock purchased through the private placement (see Note 19 for further information). 19. Stockholder Transaction Costs On June 7, 2023, the Company entered into an underwriting agreement with BofA Securities, Inc. and Barclays Capital Inc., as representatives of the several underwriters and American Securities LLC and Coliseum ("Selling Stockholders"), pursuant to which the Selling Stockholders agreed to sell 5,175,000 shares of common stock, including the sale of 675,000 shares pursuant to the underwriters’ exercise of their over-allotment option, at a purchase price of $20.00 per share. On September 11, 2023, the Company entered into another underwriting agreement with Barclays Capital, Inc., and the Selling Stockholders, pursuant to which the Selling Stockholders agreed to sell 2,500,000 shares of common stock, at purchase price of $21.00 per share (collectively, "Offerings") The Offerings were conducted pursuant to prospectus supplements, dated June 7, 2023 and September 11, 2023, respectively, to the prospectus, dated December 22, 2021, included in the Company’s registration statement on Form S-3 (File No. 333-261858) that was initially filed with the SEC on December 23, 2021. The Offerings closed on June 12, 2023 and September 14, 2023, respectively. Although the Company did not sell any shares or receive any proceeds from the Offerings, it was required to pay certain expenses in connection with the Offerings, which totaled $7.4 million during fiscal 2023, with no similar expense recorded during fiscal 2022. The $7.4 million of expense is included within other (expense) income, net on the Consolidated Statements of Operations for fiscal 2023.
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Earnings Per Share |
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| Earnings Per Share [Abstract] | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Earnings Per Share | 14. Earnings (Loss) Per Share The following table presents the basic and diluted earnings per share computation for the fiscal years presented:
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Share-Based Compensation |
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| Share-Based Payment Arrangement [Abstract] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Share-Based Compensation | 15. Share-Based Compensation In fiscal 2015, we adopted the Omnibus Equity Incentive Plan ("Plan") and in fiscal 2020, amended and restated it. The Plan is administered by the Compensation Committee of our Board of Directors and the Committee may grant awards for the issuance of up to an aggregate of 5,200,000 shares of common stock in the form of non-qualified stock options, incentive stock options, stock appreciation rights (collectively, “SARs,” and each individually, a “SAR”), restricted stock, restricted stock units, performance shares, performance units, incentive bonus awards, other cash-based awards and other stock-based awards. The exercise price of a share subject to a stock option may not be less than 100% of the fair market value of a share of the Company's common stock with respect to the grant date of such stock option. No portion of the options vest and become exercisable after the date on which the optionee’s service with the Company and its subsidiaries terminates. The vesting of all unvested shares of common stock subject to an option will automatically be accelerated in connection with a “Change in Control,” as defined in the Plan. New shares of the Company's common stock are issued upon stock option exercises, or at the time of vesting for restricted stock. We have granted performance awards as part of our overall compensation plans. The vesting of these awards is primarily based upon the attainment of certain performance metrics established under our annual Management Incentive Plan ("MIP"), with the Compensation Committee of the Board of Directors maintaining final discretion over vesting amounts. Stock-based payments to employees, including grants of stock options, restricted stock and restricted stock units ("RSU"), are recognized in the financial statements based on their fair value. The fair value of each stock option award on the grant date is estimated using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model with the following assumptions: expected dividend yield, expected stock price volatility, weighted-average risk-free interest rate and weighted average expected term of the options. Because we do not have sufficient history with respect to stock option activity and post-vesting cancellations, the expected term assumption is based on the simplified method under U.S. GAAP, which is based on the vesting period and contractual term for each vesting tranche of awards. The mid-point between the vesting date and the expiration date is used as the expected term under this method. The risk-free interest rate used in the Black-Scholes model is based on the implied yield curve available on U.S. Treasury zero-coupon issues at the date of grant with a remaining term equal to the Company’s expected term assumption. The Company has never declared or paid a cash dividend on its common stock. Restricted stock and RSUs are valued based on the intrinsic value of the difference between the exercise price, if any, of the award and the fair market value of our common stock on the grant date. We expense any award with graded-vesting features using a straight-line attribution method and account for forfeitures in recording share-based compensation expense as they occur. Restricted Stock Awards The following table summarizes the Company's restricted stock and RSU activity for the fiscal year presented:
The weighted-average grant date fair value of restricted stock awards granted in fiscal 2022 and fiscal 2021 was $17.35 and $18.50, respectively. Compensation expense for restricted stock awards, recognized in selling, general and administrative expenses on the Consolidated Statements of Operations, was $3.2 million, $2.6 million, and $3.9 million for fiscal 2023, fiscal 2022, and fiscal 2021, respectively, with associated tax benefits of $0.8 million, $0.7 million, and $1.0 million, respectively. At September 30, 2023, unrecognized compensation cost related to restricted stock awards totaled $10.4 million and is expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of 1.5 years. Stock Option Awards The following table summarizes the Company's stock option activity for the fiscal year presented:
(1) Stock options exercised during the fiscal year had an aggregate intrinsic value totaling $0.3 million. (2) Stock options outstanding at the end of the fiscal year had $3.2 million intrinsic value. (3) Fully vested and exercisable options at the end of the fiscal year had $1.4 million intrinsic value. The total aggregate intrinsic value of stock options exercised during fiscal 2022 and fiscal 2021 was less than $0.1 million and $1.1 million, respectively. Compensation expense for stock option awards, recognized in selling, general and administrative expenses on the Consolidated Statements of Operations, was $0.8 million, $0.9 million, and $1.9 million for fiscal 2023, fiscal 2022, and fiscal 2021, respectively, with associated tax benefits of $0.2 million, $0.2 million, and $0.5 million, respectively. At September 30, 2023, unrecognized compensation cost related to stock option awards totaled $0.9 million and is expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of 1.4 years. The fair value of each option award at grant date was estimated using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model with the following assumptions made and resulting grant-date fair values during the fiscal years presented:
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Benefit Plans |
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| Retirement Benefits [Abstract] | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Benefit Plans | 16. Benefit Plans Defined Benefit Pension Plan The Company has a defined benefit pension plan (“Defined Benefit Plan”) covering U.S. hourly and salaried personnel. On May 13, 2002, the Defined Benefit Plan was amended to freeze new participation as of May 15, 2002, and therefore, any new employees who started on or after May 15, 2002 were not permitted to participate in the Defined Benefit Plan. Effective January 1, 2006, the benefit plan was frozen to all participants. No accrual of future benefits is calculated beyond this date. The Company made $1.1 million of contributions to the Defined Benefit Plan during fiscal 2023 and made no contributions in fiscal 2022. For fiscal 2023 and fiscal 2022, benefits paid were $13.2 million and $8.6 million, respectively. The fiscal 2023 benefit payments included $5.2 million paid to certain participants who met certain specified criteria (including that they were former employees of the Company who earned enough service to qualify for pension benefits under the terms of the Defined Benefit Plan while they were employed but were not otherwise receiving retirement payments on the date that the benefits were paid) and elected to receive a single lump-sum payment in lieu of future retirement payments, with no similar payments made in fiscal 2022. The projected benefit obligation (“PBO”) for the Defined Benefit Plan was $108.4 million and $122.6 million at September 30, 2023 and October 1, 2022, respectively. The reconciliation of the beginning and ending balances of the PBO for the Defined Benefit Plan for the fiscal years indicated is presented in the following table:
(1) Includes assumption changes, as applicable, resulting from (i) changes in the utilized discount rate to value the future obligations, and (ii) updates to the mortality table projections used in the calculation of the benefit obligations. Plan Assets: The summary and reconciliation of the beginning and ending balances of the fair value of the Defined Benefit Plan assets are as follows:
Funded Status: The following table reconciles the benefit obligations, plan assets, funded status and net liability information of the Defined Benefit Plan at the dates indicated. The net pension liability is reflected in long-term liabilities on the Consolidated Balance Sheets.
Fair Value of Plan Assets: The Company determines the fair value of its financial instruments in accordance with the Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures Topic of the ASC. Fair value represents the price to hypothetically sell an asset or transfer a liability in an orderly manner in the principal market for that asset or liability. This topic provides a hierarchy that gives highest priority to unadjusted quoted market prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities. This topic requires that financial assets and liabilities are classified into one of the following three categories:
The Company evaluates fair value measurement inputs on an ongoing basis in order to determine if there is a change of sufficient significance to warrant a transfer between levels. Transfers between levels of the fair value hierarchy are recognized on the actual date of the event or circumstances that caused the transfer, which generally coincides with the Company's valuation process. The Defined Benefit Plan assets are comprised of various investment funds, which are valued based upon their quoted market prices. The invested pension plan assets of the Defined Benefit Plan are all Level 2 assets under ASC 820, Fair Value Measurements (“ASC 820”). During fiscal 2023 and fiscal 2022, there were no transfers between levels. There are no sources of significant concentration risk in the invested assets at September 30, 2023. The following table sets forth, by level within the fair value hierarchy, a summary of the Defined Benefit Plan’s investments measured at fair value:
The following table represents net periodic benefit expense (income) and changes in plan assets and benefit obligations recognized in other comprehensive income, before tax effect, for the fiscal years presented:
The estimated net loss for the Defined Benefit Plan that will be amortized from accumulated other comprehensive loss into net periodic benefit cost over the next fiscal year is $0.7 million. The unrecognized gain or loss is amortized as follows: the total unrecognized gain or loss, less the larger of 10% of the liability or 10% of the assets, is divided by the average future working lifetime of active plan participants. The following actuarial assumptions were used to determine the benefit obligations at the dates indicated:
The benchmark for the discount rates is an estimate of the single equivalent discount rate determined by matching the Defined Benefit Plan’s future expected cash flows to spot rates from a yield curve comprised of high-quality corporate bond rates of various durations. The Defined Benefit Plan asset allocations at the dates indicated are as follows:
There was no Company common stock included in equity securities. Assets of the Defined Benefit Plan are invested primarily in funds that further invest in equity or debt securities. Assets are valued using quoted prices in active markets. The expected long-term rate of return on plan assets reflects the average rate of earnings expected on the funds invested, or to be invested, to provide for the benefits included in the PBO. In estimating that rate, appropriate consideration is given to the returns being earned by the plan assets in the fund and rates of return expected to be available for reinvestment and a building block method. The expected rate of return on each asset class is broken down into three components: (1) inflation, (2) the real risk-free rate of return (i.e., the long-term estimate of future returns on default free U.S. government securities), and (3) the risk premium for each asset class (i.e., the expected return in excess of the risk-free rate). The investment strategy for pension plan assets is to limit risk through asset allocation, diversification, selection and timing. Assets are managed on a total return basis, with dividends and interest reinvested in the account. The Company expects to make no contributions to its Defined Benefit Plan in fiscal 2024 in accordance with required IRS minimums. The following benefit payments are expected to be paid out of the Company's pension assets to the plan participants in the fiscal years indicated:
Defined Contribution Plan The Company offers a defined contribution 401(k) plan covering substantially all U.S. employees and a defined contribution plan for Canadian employees. During fiscal 2023, fiscal 2022 and fiscal 2021, the Company offered a 50% match on the first 6% of the employee’s contributions. However, due to the impacts of COVID-19 and subsequent supply chain constraints, the Company temporarily paused this match from October 2020 through July 2021 and again from August 2022 through December 2022. The plans also provide for an additional discretionary match depending on Company performance. Compensation expense related to defined contribution plans totaled $1.3 million, $1.6 million and $0.5 million for fiscal 2023, fiscal 2022, and fiscal 2021, respectively. Health Benefits The Company provides and is predominantly self-insured for medical, dental, and accident and sickness benefits. A liability related to this obligation is recorded on the Company’s Consolidated Balance Sheets as accrued expenses. Total expense related to this plan recorded for fiscal 2023, fiscal 2022, and fiscal 2021, was $15.3 million, $13.6 million, and $13.8 million, respectively. Employee Compensation Plans The MIP compensates certain salaried employees and is derived based upon the "Adjusted EBITDA" (earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation, and amortization, as adjusted) and "Free Cash Flow" metrics. There was $8.3 million in MIP bonus liabilities included in accrued expenses on the Consolidated Balance Sheets at September 30, 2023 and none at October 1, 2022.
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| Equity Method Investments and Joint Ventures [Abstract] | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Equity Investment in Affiliate | 17. Equity Investment in Affiliate On October 14, 2009, Blue Bird and Girardin MiniBus JV Inc. entered into a joint venture, Micro Bird Holdings, Inc. (“Micro Bird”), to combine the complementary expertise of the two separate manufacturers. Blue Bird Micro Bird by Girardin Type A buses are produced in Drummondville, Quebec by Micro Bird. The Company holds a 50% equity interest in Micro Bird, utilizing the equity method of accounting as the Company does not have control to direct the activities that most significantly impact Micro Bird’s financial performance based on the shared powers of the venture partners. The carrying amount of the equity method investment is adjusted for the Company’s proportionate share of net earnings or losses and any dividends received. At September 30, 2023 and October 1, 2022, the carrying value of the Company's investment was $17.6 million and $10.7 million, respectively. During fiscal 2023 and fiscal 2022, Micro Bird did not pay any dividends to the venture partners. In recognizing the Company’s 50% portion of Micro Bird net income or loss, the Company recorded $7.0 million, $(4.2) million, and $0.5 million in equity in net income (loss) of non-consolidated affiliate for fiscal 2023, fiscal 2022, and fiscal 2021, respectively. Micro Bird's summarized balance sheet information at its September 30 year end is as follows:
Micro Bird's summarized financial results for its three fiscal years ended September 30 are as follows:
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Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss |
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| Equity [Abstract] | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss | 18. Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss The following table provides information on changes in accumulated other comprehensive loss (“AOCL”) for the periods presented:
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Subsequent Events |
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| Subsequent Events [Abstract] | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Subsequent Events | 20. Subsequent Events 2023 Credit Agreement On November 17, 2023 (the “2023 Closing Date”), Borrower executed a $250.0 million five-year credit agreement with Bank of Montreal, acting as administrative agent and an issuing bank; several joint lead arranger partners and issuing banks, including Bank of America; and a syndicate of other lenders (the "2023 Credit Agreement"). The credit facilities provided for under the 2023 Credit Agreement consist of a term loan facility in an aggregate initial principal amount of $100.0 million (the “2023 Term Loan Facility”) and a revolving credit facility with aggregate commitments of $150.0 million. The revolving credit facility includes a $25.0 million letter of credit sub-facility and $5.0 million swingline sub-facility (the “2023 Revolving Credit Facility,” and together with the 2023 Term Loan Facility, each a “2023 Credit Facility” and collectively, the “2023 Credit Facilities”). A minimum of $100.0 million of additional term loans and/or revolving credit commitments may be incurred under the 2023 Credit Agreement, subject to certain limitations as set forth in the 2023 Credit Agreement, and which additional loans and/or commitments would require further commitments from existing lenders or from new lenders. Borrower has the right to prepay the loans outstanding under the 2023 Credit Facilities without premium or penalty (subject to customary breakage costs, if applicable). Additionally, proceeds from asset sales, condemnation, casualty insurance and/or debt issuances (in certain circumstances) are required to be used to prepay borrowings outstanding under the 2023 Credit Facilities. Borrowings under the 2023 Term Loan Facility, which were made at the 2023 Closing Date, may not be re-borrowed once they are repaid while borrowings under the 2023 Revolving Credit Facility may be repaid and reborrowed from time to time at our election. The 2023 Term Loan Facility is subject to amortization of principal, payable in equal quarterly installments on the last day of each fiscal quarter, commencing on March 30, 2024, with 5.0% of the $100.0 million aggregate principal amount of all initial term loans outstanding at the 2023 Closing Date payable each year prior to the maturity date of the 2023 Term Loan Facility. The remaining initial aggregate principal amount outstanding under the 2023 Term Loan Facility, as well as any outstanding borrowings under the 2023 Revolving Credit Facility, will be payable on the November 17, 2028 maturity date of the 2023 Credit Agreement. The 2023 Credit Facilities are guaranteed by all of the Company’s wholly-owned domestic restricted subsidiaries (subject to customary exceptions) and are secured by a security agreement which pledges a lien on virtually all of the assets of Borrower, the Company and the Company’s other wholly-owned domestic restricted subsidiaries, other than any owned or leased real property and subject to customary exceptions. The $100.0 million of 2023 Term Loan Facility proceeds and $36.2 million of 2023 Revolving Credit Facility proceeds that were borrowed on the 2023 Closing Date were used to pay (i) the $131.8 million of Term Loan Facility indebtedness outstanding under the Amended Credit Agreement (ii) interest and commitment fees accrued under the Amended Credit Agreement through the 2023 Closing Date and (iii) transaction costs associated with the consummation of the 2023 Credit Agreement. Under the terms of the 2023 Credit Agreement, Borrower, the Company and the Company’s other wholly-owned domestic restricted subsidiaries are subject to customary affirmative and negative covenants and events of default for facilities of this type (with customary grace periods, as applicable, and lender remedies). Borrowings under the 2023 Credit Facilities bear interest, at our option, at (i) base rate or (ii) SOFR plus 0.10%, plus an applicable margin depending on the TNLR of the Company as follows:
Pricing on the Closing Date was set at Level III until receipt of the financial information and related compliance certificate for the first fiscal quarter ending after the 2023 Closing Date. Borrower is also required to pay lenders an unused commitment fee of between 0.25% and 0.45% per annum on the undrawn commitments under the 2023 Revolving Credit Facility, depending on the TNLR, quarterly in arrears. The 2023 Credit Agreement also includes a requirement that the Company comply with the following financial covenants on the last day of each fiscal quarter through maturity: (i) a pro forma TNLR of not greater than 3.00:1.00 and (ii) a pro forma fixed charge coverage ratio (as defined in the 2023 Credit Agreement) of not less than 1.20:1.00. Joint Venture On December 7, 2023, the Company, through its wholly owned subsidiary, BBBC, and GC Mobility Investments I, LLC, a wholly owned subsidiary of Generate Capital, PBC (“Generate Capital”), a sustainable investment company focusing on clean energy, transportation, water, waste, agriculture, smart cities and industrial decarbonization, executed a definitive agreement (“Joint Venture Agreement”) establishing a joint venture, Clean Bus Solutions, LLC, to provide a fleet-as-a-service ("FaaS") offering using electric school buses manufactured and sold by the Company (“Joint Venture”). The service will be offered to qualified customers of the Company. Through the Joint Venture, the Company will provide its end customers with turnkey electrification solutions, including a wide product range consisting of, among others, electric school buses, financing of electric buses and supporting charging infrastructure, project planning and management, and fleet optimization. The Company and Generate Capital will initially have an equal common ownership interest in the Joint Venture, and will initially jointly share management responsibility and control, with each party having certain customary consent and approval rights and control triggers. The parties have each agreed to contribute up to $10.0 million to the Joint Venture, as agreed from time to time, for common interests to fund administrative expenses, and up to an additional $100.0 million of capital in the form of preferred interests to fund the purchase, delivery, installation, operation and maintenance of FaaS projects, inclusive of Blue Bird electric school buses and associated charging infrastructure. Of this amount, the Company has committed to provide up to $20.0 million and Generate Capital has committed to provide up to $80.0 million, with the Company’s aggregate commitment in any one year not to exceed $10.0 million without its consent. In accordance with the terms of the Joint Venture Agreement, the Company will promote the Joint Venture as the Company’s preferred FaaS offering for electric school buses and has agreed to not participate as a joint venture partner in any other similar FaaS offering for electric school buses, except as an original equipment manufacturer of buses. The Company’s obligations do not prevent or limit any activities of its dealers. The Joint Venture has a perpetual duration subject to the right of either party to terminate early upon the occurrence of certain events of default or the failure to achieve certain milestones set forth in the terms of the Joint Venture Agreement. In connection with the execution of the Joint Venture Agreement, the Company granted Generate Capital warrants to purchase an aggregate of 1,000,000 shares of Company common stock at an exercise price of $25.00 per share (“Warrants”), during a five-year exercise period. Two-thirds of the Warrants are immediately exercisable; the remaining Warrants will become exercisable upon certain funding conditions being satisfied. The exercise price and the number of shares issuable upon exercise of the Warrants are subject to adjustment in the event of a recapitalization, stock dividend or similar event.
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Schedule II - Valuation and Qualifying Accounts |
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| SEC Schedule, 12-09, Valuation and Qualifying Accounts [Abstract] | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Schedule II - Valuation and Qualifying Accounts | SCHEDULE II- VALUATION AND QUALIFYING ACCOUNTS
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Pay vs Performance Disclosure - USD ($) $ in Thousands |
12 Months Ended | ||
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Sep. 30, 2023 |
Oct. 01, 2022 |
Oct. 02, 2021 |
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| Pay vs Performance Disclosure | |||
| Net income (loss) | $ 23,812 | $ (45,759) | $ (289) |
Insider Trading Arrangements |
12 Months Ended |
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Sep. 30, 2023
shares
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| Trading Arrangements, by Individual | |
| Non-Rule 10b5-1 Arrangement Adopted | false |
| Rule 10b5-1 Arrangement Terminated | false |
| Non-Rule 10b5-1 Arrangement Terminated | false |
| Philip Horlock [Member] | |
| Trading Arrangements, by Individual | |
| Material Terms of Trading Arrangement | On September 14, 2023, Philip Horlock, the Company's Chief Executive Officer and member of the board of directors, entered into a trading plan intended to satisfy the affirmative defense conditions of Rule 10b5-1(c) under the Exchange Act, providing for the sale of up to 270,000 shares of the Company's Common Stock. Pursuant to this plan, Mr. Horlock may sell shares beginning December 14, 2023 and ending December 14, 2024.
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| Name | Philip Horlock |
| Title | Chief Executive Officer |
| Rule 10b5-1 Arrangement Adopted | true |
| Adoption Date | September 14, 2023 |
| Arrangement Duration | 366 days |
| Aggregate Available | 270,000 |
| Razvan Radulescu [Member] | |
| Trading Arrangements, by Individual | |
| Material Terms of Trading Arrangement | On September 14, 2023, Razvan Radulescu, the Company's Chief Financial Officer, entered into a trading plan intended to satisfy the affirmative defense conditions of Rule 10b5-1(c) under the Exchange Act, providing for the sale of up to 20,000 shares of the Company's Common Stock. Pursuant to this plan, Mr. Radulescu may sell shares beginning December 14, 2023 and ending August 30, 2024.
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| Name | Razvan Radulescu |
| Title | Chief Financial Officer |
| Rule 10b5-1 Arrangement Adopted | true |
| Adoption Date | September 14, 2023 |
| Arrangement Duration | 260 days |
| Aggregate Available | 20,000 |
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies and Recently Issued Accounting Standards (Policies) |
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| Accounting Policies [Abstract] | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Basis of Presentation | Basis of Presentation The accompanying consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and its wholly-owned subsidiaries. All significant inter-company transactions and accounts have been eliminated in consolidation. The Company’s fiscal year ends on the Saturday closest to September 30 with its quarters consisting of thirteen weeks in most years. The fiscal years ended September 30, 2023, October 1, 2022 and October 2, 2021 are referred to herein as “fiscal 2023,” “fiscal 2022” and “fiscal 2021,” respectively. There were 52 weeks in fiscal 2023, fiscal 2022, and fiscal 2021.
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| Use of Estimates and Assumptions | Use of Estimates and Assumptions The preparation of financial statements in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the U.S. (“U.S. GAAP”) requires management to make estimates and assumptions. At the date of the financial statements, these estimates and assumptions affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosures of contingent assets and liabilities, and during the reporting period, these estimates and assumptions affect the reported amounts of revenues and expenses. For example, significant management judgments are required in determining excess, obsolete, or unsalable inventory, allowance for doubtful accounts, potential impairment of long-lived assets, goodwill and intangible assets, the accounting for self-insurance reserves, warranty reserves, pension obligations, income taxes, environmental liabilities and contingencies. Future events, including the extent and duration of any COVID-19 outbreaks and continued supply chain constraints and their related economic impacts, and their effects cannot be predicted with certainty, and, accordingly, the Company’s accounting estimates require the exercise of judgment. The accounting estimates used in the preparation of the Company’s consolidated financial statements may change as new events occur, as more experience is acquired, as additional information is obtained and as the Company’s operating environment changes. The Company evaluates and updates its assumptions and estimates on an ongoing basis and may employ outside experts to assist in the Company’s evaluations. Actual results could differ from the estimates that the Company has used.
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| Cash and Cash Equivalents | Cash and Cash Equivalents The Company considers all highly liquid investments purchased with an original maturity of three months or less to be cash equivalents.
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| Allowance for Doubtful Accounts | Allowance for Doubtful Accounts Accounts receivable consist of amounts owed to the Company by customers. The Company monitors collections and payments from customers, and generally does not require collateral. Accounts receivable are generally due within 30 to 90 days. The Company provides for the possible inability to collect accounts receivable by recording an allowance for doubtful accounts. The Company reserves for an account when it is considered potentially uncollectible. The Company estimates its allowance for doubtful accounts based on historical experience, aging of accounts receivable and information regarding the creditworthiness of its customers. To date, losses have been within the range of management’s expectations. The Company writes off accounts receivable if it determines that the account is uncollectible.
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| Revenue Recognition | Revenue Recognition The Company records revenue when the following five steps have been completed: 1.Identification of the contract(s) with a customer; 2.Identification of the performance obligation(s) in the contract; 3.Determination of the transaction price; 4.Allocation of the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract; and 5.Recognition of revenue, when, or as, we satisfy performance obligations. The Company records revenue when performance obligations are satisfied by transferring control of a promised good or service to the customer. The Company evaluates the transfer of control primarily from the customer’s perspective where the customer has the ability to direct the use of, and obtain substantially all of the remaining benefits from, that good or service. Our product revenue includes sales of buses and bus parts, each of which are generally recognized as revenue at a point in time, once all conditions for revenue recognition have been met, as they represent our performance obligations in a sale. For buses, control is generally transferred and the customer has the ability to direct the use of and obtain substantially all of the remaining benefits of the product when the product is delivered or when the product has been completed, is ready for delivery, has been paid for, its title has transferred and it is awaiting pickup by the customer. For certain bus sale transactions, we may provide incentives including payment of a limited amount of future interest charges our customers may incur related to their purchase and financing of the bus with third party financing companies. We reduce revenue at the recording date by the full amount of potential future interest we may be obligated to pay, which is an application of the "most likely amount" method. For parts sales, control is generally transferred when the customer has the ability to direct the use of and obtain substantially all of the remaining benefits of the products, which generally coincides with the point in time when the customer has assumed risk of loss and title has passed for the goods sold. The Company sells extended warranties related to its products. Revenue related to these contracts is recognized based on the stand-alone selling price of the arrangement, on a straight-line basis over the contract period, and costs thereunder are expensed as incurred. The Company includes shipping and handling revenues, which are costs billed to customers, in net sales on the Consolidated Statements of Operations. Shipping and handling costs incurred are included in cost of goods sold.
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| Self-Insurance | Self-Insurance The Company is self-insured for the majority of its workers’ compensation and medical claims. The expected ultimate cost for claims incurred as of the balance sheet date is not discounted and is recognized as a liability. Self-insurance losses for claims filed and claims incurred but not reported are accrued based upon estimates of the aggregate liability for uninsured claims, using loss development factors and actuarial assumptions followed in the insurance industry and historical loss development experience.
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| Financial Instruments | Financial Instruments The Company’s financial instruments consist primarily of cash and cash equivalents, trade receivables, accounts payable, revolving credit facility and long-term debt. The carrying amounts of cash and cash equivalents, trade receivables and accounts payable approximate their fair values because of the short-term maturity and highly liquid nature of these instruments. The carrying value of the Company’s revolving credit facility and long-term debt approximates fair value due to the variable rates of interest, which reset frequently, relating to these debt instruments.
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| Derivative Instruments | Derivative Instruments In limited circumstances, we may utilize derivative instruments to manage certain exposures to changes in foreign currency exchange rates or interest rates relating to variable rate debt. The fair values of all derivative instruments are recognized as assets or liabilities at the balance sheet date. Changes in the fair value of these derivative instruments are recognized in our operating results or included in other comprehensive income (loss), depending on whether the derivative instrument qualifies, and is appropriately designated, for hedge accounting treatment and if so, whether it represents a fair value or cash flow hedge. Gains and losses on derivative instruments are recognized in the operating results line item that reflects the underlying exposure that was mitigated either via a formal hedge accounting relationship or economically.
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| Inventories | Inventories The Company values inventories at the lower of cost or net realizable value. The Company uses a standard costing methodology, which approximates cost on a first-in, first-out (“FIFO”) basis. The Company reviews the standard costs of raw materials, work-in-process and finished goods inventory on a periodic basis to ensure that its inventories approximate current actual costs. Manufacturing cost includes raw materials, direct labor and manufacturing overhead. Obsolete inventory amounts are based on historical usage and assumptions about future demand.
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| Property, Plant and Equipment | Property, Plant and Equipment Property, plant and equipment are stated at cost, less accumulated depreciation and amortization. Depreciation and amortization is calculated on a straight-line basis using the following periods, which represent the estimated useful lives of the assets:
Costs, including capitalized interest and certain design, construction and installation costs related to assets that are under construction and are in the process of being readied for their intended use, are recorded as construction in progress and are not depreciated until such time as the subject asset is placed in service. Repairs and maintenance that do not extend the useful life of the asset are expensed as incurred. Upon sale, retirement, or other disposition of these assets, the costs and related accumulated depreciation are removed from the respective accounts and any gain or loss on the disposition is included on our Consolidated Statements of Operations.
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| Leases | Leases We determine if an arrangement is or contains a lease at inception. The Company enters into lease arrangements primarily for office space, warehouse space, or a combination of both. We elected to account for leases with initial terms of 12 months or less by recording operating lease expense on a straight-line basis instead of recording lease assets or liabilities. For a lease with an initial term greater than 12 months, the Company records a right-of-use (“ROU”) asset and lease liability on the Consolidated Balance Sheets. ROU assets represent our right to use an underlying asset for the lease term and lease liabilities represent our obligation to make lease payments arising from the lease. We determine whether the lease is an operating or finance lease at inception based on the information and expectations for the lease at that time. Operating lease ROU assets are included in property, plant and equipment and the lease liabilities are included in other current liabilities and other liabilities on our Consolidated Balance Sheets. Finance lease ROU assets are included in finance lease right-of-use assets and the lease liabilities are included in finance lease obligations (current) and finance lease obligations (long-term) on our Consolidated Balance Sheets. Lease ROU assets and liabilities are recorded at commencement date based on the present value of lease payments over the lease term. As the leases recorded typically do not provide an implicit rate, we use our incremental borrowing rate based on the information available at commencement date in determining the present value of lease payments. Our lease terms may include options to extend or terminate the lease when it is reasonably certain that we will exercise that option. Operating lease ROU assets also include any base rental or lease payments made and exclude lease incentives. The two components of operating lease expense, amortization and interest, are recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term as a single expense element within selling, general and administrative expenses on the Consolidated Statements of Operations. Under the finance lease model, interest on the lease liability is recognized in interest expense and amortization of ROU assets is recorded on the Consolidated Statements of Operations based on the underlying use of the assets.
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| Impairment of Long-Lived Assets | Impairment of Long-Lived Assets The Company reviews its long-lived assets, including property, plant and equipment, for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable. If we are required to analyze recoverability based on a triggering event, undiscounted future cash flows over the estimated remaining life of the asset, or asset group, are projected. If these projected cash flows are less than the carrying amount, an impairment loss is recognized to the extent the fair value of the asset less any costs of disposition is less than the carrying amount of the asset. Judgments regarding the existence of impairment indicators are based on market and operational performance. Evaluating potential impairment also requires estimates of future operating results and cash flows.
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| Goodwill and Intangible Assets | Goodwill and Intangible Assets Goodwill represents the excess of the purchase price of acquired businesses over the fair value of the assets acquired less liabilities assumed in connection with such acquisition. In accordance with the provisions of Accounting Standards Codification Topic ("ASC") 350, Intangibles—Goodwill and Other, goodwill and intangible assets with indefinite useful lives acquired in an acquisition are not amortized, but instead are tested for impairment at least annually or more frequently should an event occur or circumstances indicate that the carrying amount may be impaired. Such events or circumstances may include a significant change in business climate, economic and industry trends, legal factors, negative operating performance indicators, significant competition, changes in strategy or disposition of a reporting unit or a portion thereof. We have two reporting units for which we test goodwill for impairment: Bus and Parts. In the evaluation of goodwill for impairment, we have the option to perform a qualitative assessment to determine whether further impairment testing is necessary or to perform a quantitative assessment by comparing the fair value of a reporting unit to its carrying amount, including goodwill. When performing a qualitative assessment, an entity is not required to calculate the fair value of a reporting unit unless the entity determines that it is more likely than not that its fair value is less than its carrying amount. If, when performing a quantitative assessment, the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying amount, then the amount of the impairment loss, if any, must be measured using step two of the impairment analysis. In step two of the analysis, we would record an impairment loss equal to the excess of the carrying value of the reporting unit’s goodwill over its implied fair value, should such a circumstance arise. The fair value of the reporting units is estimated primarily using the income approach, which incorporates the use of discounted cash flow ("DCF") analysis. A number of significant assumptions and estimates are involved in the application of the DCF model to forecast operating cash flows, including markets and market shares, sales volumes and prices, costs to produce, tax rates, capital spending, discount rate and working capital changes. The cash flow forecasts are based on approved strategic operating plans and long-term forecasts. In the evaluation of indefinite lived assets for impairment, we have the option to perform a qualitative assessment to determine whether further impairment testing is necessary, or to perform a quantitative assessment by comparing the fair value of an asset to its carrying amount. The Company’s intangible asset with an indefinite useful life is the "Blue Bird" trade name. When performing a qualitative assessment, an entity is not required to calculate the fair value of the asset unless the entity determines that it is more likely than not that its fair value is less than its carrying amount. If a qualitative assessment is not performed or if a quantitative assessment is otherwise required, then the entity compares the fair value of an asset to its carrying amount and the amount of the impairment loss, if any, is the difference between fair value and carrying value. The fair value of our trade name is derived by using the relief from royalty method, which discounts the estimated cash savings we realized by owning the name instead of otherwise having to license or lease it. Our intangible assets with a definite useful life are amortized over their estimated useful lives, 7 or 20 years, using the straight-line method. The useful lives of our intangible assets are reassessed annually and they are tested for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate the carrying amount of the asset may not be recoverable.
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| Debt Issue Costs | Debt Issue Costs Amounts paid directly to lenders or as an original issue discount and amounts classified as issuance costs are recorded as a reduction in the carrying value of the debt, for which the Company had deferred financing costs totaling $1.5 million and $1.4 million at September 30, 2023 and October 1, 2022, respectively, incurred in connection with its debt facilities and related amendments. All deferred financing costs are amortized to interest expense. The effective interest method is used for debt discounts related to the term loan. The Company’s amortization of these costs was $1.5 million, $1.5 million and $1.1 million for fiscal 2023, fiscal 2022 and fiscal 2021, respectively, and is reflected as a component of interest expense on the Consolidated Statements of Operations.
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| Pensions | Pensions The Company accounts for its pension benefit obligations using actuarial models. The measurement of plan obligations and assets was made at September 30, 2023. Effective January 1, 2006, the benefit plan was frozen to all participants. No accrual of future benefits is earned or calculated beyond this date. Accordingly, our obligation estimate is based on benefits earned at that time discounted using an estimate of the single equivalent discount rate determined by matching the plan’s future expected cash flows to spot rates from a yield curve comprised of high-quality corporate bond rates of various durations. The Company recognizes the funded status of its pension plan obligations on the Consolidated Balance Sheet and records in other comprehensive income (loss) certain gains and losses that arise during the period, but are deferred under pension accounting rules.
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| Product Warranty Costs | Product Warranty Costs The Company’s products are generally warranted against defects in material and workmanship for a period of one year to five years. A provision for estimated warranty costs is recorded at the time a unit is sold. The methodology to determine the warranty reserve calculates the average expected warranty claims using warranty claims by body type, by month, over the life of the bus, which is then multiplied by remaining months under warranty, by warranty type. Management believes the methodology provides an accurate reserve estimate. Actual claims incurred could differ from the original estimates, requiring future adjustments.
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| Extended Product Warranty Costs | The Bus segment also sells extended warranties related to its products. Revenue related to these contracts is recognized on a straight-line basis over the contract period and costs thereunder are expensed as incurred. All warranty expenses are recorded in the cost of goods sold line on the Consolidated Statements of Operations. The current methodology to determine short-term extended warranty income reserve is based on twelve months of the remaining warranty value for each effective extended warranty at the balance sheet date. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Research and Development | Research and Development Research and development costs are expensed as incurred and included in selling, general and administrative expenses on our Consolidated Statements of Operations.
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| Income Taxes | Income Taxes The Company accounts for income taxes in accordance with ASC 740, Income Taxes (“ASC 740”), which requires an asset and liability approach to financial accounting and reporting for income taxes. Under this approach, deferred income taxes represent the expected future tax consequences of temporary differences between the financial statement and tax basis of assets and liabilities. The Company evaluates its ability, based on the weight of evidence available, to realize future tax benefits from deferred tax assets and establishes a valuation allowance to reduce a deferred tax asset to a level which, more likely than not, will be realized in future years. The Company recognizes uncertain tax positions based on a cumulative probability assessment if it is more likely than not that the tax position will be sustained upon examination by an appropriate tax authority with full knowledge of all information. Recognized income tax positions are measured at the largest amount that is greater than 50% likely of being realized. Amounts recorded for uncertain tax positions are periodically assessed, including the evaluation of new facts and circumstances, to ensure sustainability of the positions. The Company records interest and penalties related to unrecognized tax benefits in income tax expense. The Company's policy for releasing income tax effects from accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) is to use a specific identification approach.
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| Environmental Expenditures | Environmental Liabilities The Company records reserves for environmental liabilities on a discounted basis when environmental investigation and remediation obligations are probable and related costs are reasonably estimable.
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| Segment Reporting | Segment Reporting Operating segments are components of an entity that engage in business activities with discrete financial information available that is regularly reviewed by the chief operating decision maker (“CODM”) in order to assess performance and allocate resources. The Company’s CODM is its Chief Executive Officer. As discussed further in Note 11, Segment Information, the Company determined its operating and reportable segments to be Bus and Parts. The Bus segment includes the manufacturing and assembly of school buses to be sold to a variety of customers across the U.S., Canada and in certain limited international markets. The Parts segment consists primarily of the purchase of parts from third parties to be sold to dealers within the Company’s network and certain large fleet customers.
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| Statement of Cash Flows | Statement of Cash Flows We classify distributions received from our equity method investment, if any, using the nature of distribution approach, such that distributions received are classified based on the nature of the activity of the investee that generated the distribution. Returns on investment are classified within operating activities, while returns of investment are classified within investing activities.
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| Recently Issued and Adopted Accounting Standards | Recently Issued Accounting Standards ASU 2020-04 On March 12, 2020, the Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") issued Accounting Standards Update ("ASU") 2020-04, Reference Rate Reform (Topic 848): Facilitation of the Effects of Reference Rate Reform on Financial Reporting, providing temporary guidance to ease the potential burden in accounting for reference rate reform primarily resulting from the discontinuation of the U.S. Dollar London Interbank Offering Rate ("LIBOR"), which was initially expected to occur on December 31, 2021. The amendments in ASU 2020-04 are elective and apply to all entities that have contracts, hedging relationships, and other transactions that reference LIBOR or another reference rate expected to be discontinued. ASU 2021-01 On January 7, 2021, the FASB issued ASU 2021-01, Reference Rate Reform (Topic 848): Scope, which refines the scope of ASC 848, Reference Rate Reform, and clarifies some of its guidance as part of the FASB’s ongoing monitoring of global reference rate reform activities. The ASU permits entities to elect certain optional expedients and exceptions when accounting for derivative contracts and certain hedging relationships affected by changes in the interest rates used for discounting cash flows, computing variation margin settlements, and calculating price alignment interest in connection with reference rate reform activities under way in global financial markets. ASU 2022-06 On December 21, 2022, the FASB issued ASU 2022-06, Reference Rate Reform (Topic 848): Deferral of the Sunset Date of Topic 848, which defers the sunset date of ASC 848 from December 31, 2022 to December 31, 2024, after which entities will no longer be permitted to apply the relief in ASC 848. The above amendments were effective for all entities from March 12, 2020 through December 31, 2022. An entity could elect to apply the amendments to contract modifications on a (i) full retrospective basis as of any date from the beginning of an interim period that included or was subsequent to March 12, 2020 or (ii) prospective basis from any date within an interim period that included or was subsequent to March 12, 2020 through the date that the interim financial statements were issued or available to be issued. On March 5, 2021, the Intercontinental Exchange, Inc. ("ICE") Benchmark Administration ("IBA"), the administrator of LIBOR, issued a statement, following the completion of a formal consultation process, reaffirming the preliminary announcement it made on November 30, 2020, to cease publication of (i) 1 week and 2 month LIBOR subsequent to December 31, 2021 and (ii) the overnight and 1, 3, 6 and 12 month LIBOR tenors subsequent to June 30, 2023. The IBA’s statement regarding such cessation dates primarily resulted from a majority of LIBOR panel banks communicating to the IBA that they would be unwilling to continue contributing to the relevant LIBOR settings after such dates. As a result, the IBA determined that it would be unable to publish the relevant LIBOR settings on a representative basis after such dates. The United Kingdom Financial Conduct Authority ("FCA"), which regulates the IBA, confirmed that, based on information it received from LIBOR panel banks, it did not expect that any LIBOR settings would become unrepresentative before the announced cessation dates summarized above. With the maturity of the interest rate collar on September 30, 2022 (see Note 3) and execution of the Fifth Amended Credit Agreement (defined below) on September 2, 2022, which, among other things, changed one of the market interest rate indices that the Company can elect to accrue interest on outstanding borrowings from LIBOR to the Secured Overnight Financing Rate as administered by the Federal Reserve Bank of New York (“SOFR”) and became effective at the end of the applicable interest period for any LIBOR borrowings outstanding on the fifth amendment effective date, the Company no longer has any contracts that reference LIBOR. The change in interest rate indices from LIBOR to SOFR occurred at the end of December 2022 when the LIBOR interest rate on outstanding borrowings on the fifth amendment effective date matured. At that time, the Company adjusted the effective interest rate on outstanding borrowings on a prospective basis, which did not have a material impact on the consolidated financial statements. Any recently issued accounting standards not identified above do not apply to the Company or the impact is expected to be immaterial.
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Summary of Significant Accounting Policies and Recently Issued Accounting Standards (Tables) |
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| Accounting Policies [Abstract] | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Property, Plant and Equipment | Depreciation and amortization is calculated on a straight-line basis using the following periods, which represent the estimated useful lives of the assets:
Property, plant and equipment, net, consisted of the following at the dates indicated:
(1) Further information is included in Note 10, Guarantees, Commitments and Contingencies.
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Supplemental Financial Information (Tables) |
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| Condensed Financial Information [Abstract] | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Schedule of Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable | Accounts receivable, net, consisted of the following at the dates indicated:
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| Schedule of Product Warranty Liability | The following table reflects activity in accrued warranty cost (current and long-term portion combined) for the fiscal years presented:
The following table reflects activity in deferred warranty income (current and long-term portions combined), for the sale of extended warranties of two years to five years, for the fiscal years presented:
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| Schedule of Self Insurance Reserve | The following table reflects the total accrued self-insurance liability, comprised of workers' compensation and health insurance related claims, at the dates indicated:
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Inventories (Tables) |
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| Inventory Disclosure [Abstract] | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Schedule of Inventories, Current | The following table presents components of inventories at the dates indicated:
At October 1, 2022, certain Bus segment inventory had an approximate $8.8 million cumulative cost in excess of net realizable value, which was recognized as a loss in fiscal 2022. No such cumulative cost in excess of net realizable value was present at September 30, 2023.
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Property, Plant and Equipment (Tables) |
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| Property, Plant and Equipment [Abstract] | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Property, Plant and Equipment | Depreciation and amortization is calculated on a straight-line basis using the following periods, which represent the estimated useful lives of the assets:
Property, plant and equipment, net, consisted of the following at the dates indicated:
(1) Further information is included in Note 10, Guarantees, Commitments and Contingencies.
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Goodwill (Tables) |
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| Goodwill and Intangible Assets Disclosure [Abstract] | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Schedule of Goodwill | The carrying amounts of goodwill by reporting unit are as follows at the dates indicated:
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Intangible Assets (Tables) |
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| Goodwill and Intangible Assets Disclosure [Abstract] | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Schedule of Finite-Lived Intangible Assets | The gross carrying amounts and accumulated amortization of intangible assets are as follows at the dates indicated:
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| Schedule of Indefinite-Lived Intangible Assets | The gross carrying amounts and accumulated amortization of intangible assets are as follows at the dates indicated:
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| Schedule of Finite-Lived Intangible Assets, Future Amortization Expense | mortization expense for finite lived intangible assets is expected to be as follows:
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Debt (Tables) |
12 Months Ended | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Sep. 30, 2023 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Debt Disclosure [Abstract] | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Schedule of Long-term Debt Instruments | The interest rate on the Term Loan Facility was (i) from the first amendment effective date until the first quarter ended on or about September 30, 2018, LIBOR plus 2.25%, and (ii) commencing with the fiscal quarter ended on or about September 30, 2018 and thereafter, dependent on the Total Net Leverage Ratio ("TNLR") of the Company, an election of either base rate or LIBOR pursuant to the table below:
Debt consisted of the following at the dates indicated:
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| Schedule of Maturities of Long-term Debt | The schedule of remaining principal maturities for the term loans is as follows at September 30, 2023:
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| Schedule of Debt Covenant Requirements | Instead, the minimum consolidated EBITDA that the Company was required to maintain during the Amended Limited Availability Period was updated to include fiscal 2022 as set forth in the table below (in millions):
The minimum liquidity (in the form of undrawn availability under the Revolving Credit Facility and unrestricted cash and cash equivalents) that the Company was required to maintain during the Amended Limited Availability Period was amended as set forth in the table below (in millions):
The pricing grid in the Fourth Amended Credit Agreement, which was based on the TNLR, was determined in accordance with the amended pricing matrix set forth below:
The minimum consolidated EBITDA that the Company is required to maintain during the Amended Limited Availability Period is updated as set forth in the table below (in millions):
The minimum liquidity (in the form of undrawn availability under the Revolving Credit Facility and unrestricted cash and cash equivalents) that the Company is required to maintain at the end of each fiscal month during the Amended Limited Availability Period is amended as set forth in the table below (in millions):
The Company is not required to comply with a maximum TNLR financial maintenance covenant for any fiscal quarters from the sixth amendment effective date through September 30, 2023, with the maximum threshold amended thereafter as follows:
The pricing grid in the Amended Credit Agreement, which is based on the TNLR, is applicable to both term loan and revolving borrowings and is determined in accordance with the amended pricing matrix set forth below:
Borrowings under the 2023 Credit Facilities bear interest, at our option, at (i) base rate or (ii) SOFR plus 0.10%, plus an applicable margin depending on the TNLR of the Company as follows:
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Income Taxes (Tables) |
12 Months Ended | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Sep. 30, 2023 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract] | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Schedule of Components of Income Tax (Benefit) Expense | The components of income tax (expense) benefit were as follows for the fiscal years presented:
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| Schedule of Effective Income Tax Rate Reconciliation | A reconciliation between the reported income tax (expense) benefit and the amount computed by applying the statutory federal income tax rate is as follows:
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| Schedule of Unrecognized Tax Benefits Roll Forward | A reconciliation of the beginning and ending amount of unrecognized tax benefits is as follows:
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| Schedule of Deferred Tax Assets and Liabilities | The following table sets forth the sources of and differences between the financial accounting and tax bases of the Company’s assets and liabilities which give rise to the net deferred tax assets at the dates indicated:
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Guarantees, Commitments and Contingencies (Tables) |
12 Months Ended | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Sep. 30, 2023 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure [Abstract] | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Schedule of Supplemental Cash Flow Information | The components of lease costs included on the Consolidated Statements of Operations are as follows:
(1) Short-term lease cost includes both leases and rentals with initial terms of one year or less. Classification depends on the purpose of the underlying lease. Supplemental cash flow information is presented in the following table:
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| Schedule of Supplemental Balance Sheet Information | The following table summarizes the lease amounts included on the Consolidated Balance Sheets as follows:
(1) Net of accumulated amortization of $2.5 million and $1.8 million, respectively. Lease terms and discount rates are presented in the following table:
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| Schedule of Operating Lease Liability Maturities | Lease liability maturities are presented in the following table:
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| Schedule of Finance Lease Liability Maturities | Lease liability maturities are presented in the following table:
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| Contractual Obligation, Fiscal Year Maturity | In the ordinary course of business, the Company enters into short-term contractual purchase orders for manufacturing inventory and capital assets. The amount of these commitments is expected to be as follows:
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Segment Information (Tables) |
12 Months Ended | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Sep. 30, 2023 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Segment Reporting [Abstract] | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Schedule of Segment Reporting Information, by Segment | Net sales
(1) Parts segment revenue includes $5.6 million, $3.9 million, and $3.8 million for fiscal 2023, fiscal 2022 and fiscal 2021, respectively, related to inter-segment sales of parts that was eliminated by the Bus segment upon consolidation. Gross profit
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| Reconciliation of Operating Profit from Segments to Consolidated | The following table is a reconciliation of segment gross profit to consolidated income before income taxes for the fiscal years presented:
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| Revenue from External Customers by Geographic Areas | Sales are attributable to geographic areas based on customer location and were as follows for the fiscal years presented:
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Revenue (Tables) |
12 Months Ended | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Sep. 30, 2023 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Revenue from Contract with Customer [Abstract] | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Disaggregation of Revenue | The following table disaggregates revenue by product category for the periods presented:
(1) Includes buses sold with any power source other than diesel (e.g., gasoline, propane, compressed natural gas ("CNG"), or electric). (2) Includes shipping and handling revenue, extended warranty income, surcharges, chassis, and bus shell sales.
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Earnings Per Share (Tables) |
12 Months Ended | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Sep. 30, 2023 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Earnings Per Share [Abstract] | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Schedule of Earnings Per Share, Basic and Diluted | The following table presents the basic and diluted earnings per share computation for the fiscal years presented:
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Share-Based Compensation (Tables) |
12 Months Ended | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Sep. 30, 2023 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Share-Based Payment Arrangement [Abstract] | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Schedule of Share-based Compensation, Restricted Stock and Restricted Stock Units Activity | The following table summarizes the Company's restricted stock and RSU activity for the fiscal year presented:
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| Schedule of Share-based Compensation, Stock Options, Activity | The following table summarizes the Company's stock option activity for the fiscal year presented:
(1) Stock options exercised during the fiscal year had an aggregate intrinsic value totaling $0.3 million. (2) Stock options outstanding at the end of the fiscal year had $3.2 million intrinsic value. (3) Fully vested and exercisable options at the end of the fiscal year had $1.4 million intrinsic value.
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| Schedule of Share-based Payment Award, Stock Options, Valuation Assumptions | The fair value of each option award at grant date was estimated using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model with the following assumptions made and resulting grant-date fair values during the fiscal years presented:
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Benefit Plans (Tables) |
12 Months Ended | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Sep. 30, 2023 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Retirement Benefits [Abstract] | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Schedule of Changes in Projected Benefit Obligations | The reconciliation of the beginning and ending balances of the PBO for the Defined Benefit Plan for the fiscal years indicated is presented in the following table:
(1) Includes assumption changes, as applicable, resulting from (i) changes in the utilized discount rate to value the future obligations, and (ii) updates to the mortality table projections used in the calculation of the benefit obligations.
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| Schedule of Changes in Fair Value of Plan Assets | The summary and reconciliation of the beginning and ending balances of the fair value of the Defined Benefit Plan assets are as follows:
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| Schedule of Net Funded Status | The net pension liability is reflected in long-term liabilities on the Consolidated Balance Sheets.
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| Schedule of Allocation of Plan Assets | The following table sets forth, by level within the fair value hierarchy, a summary of the Defined Benefit Plan’s investments measured at fair value:
The Defined Benefit Plan asset allocations at the dates indicated are as follows:
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| Schedule of Defined Benefit Plan Amounts Recognized in Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) | The following table represents net periodic benefit expense (income) and changes in plan assets and benefit obligations recognized in other comprehensive income, before tax effect, for the fiscal years presented:
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| Schedule of Assumptions Used | The following actuarial assumptions were used to determine the benefit obligations at the dates indicated:
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| Schedule of Expected Benefit Payments | The following benefit payments are expected to be paid out of the Company's pension assets to the plan participants in the fiscal years indicated:
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Equity Investment in Affiliate (Tables) |
12 Months Ended | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Sep. 30, 2023 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Equity Method Investments and Joint Ventures [Abstract] | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Summarized Financial Results | Micro Bird's summarized balance sheet information at its September 30 year end is as follows:
Micro Bird's summarized financial results for its three fiscal years ended September 30 are as follows:
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Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss (Tables) |
12 Months Ended | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Sep. 30, 2023 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Equity [Abstract] | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Schedule of Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) | The following table provides information on changes in accumulated other comprehensive loss (“AOCL”) for the periods presented:
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Subsequent Events (Tables) |
12 Months Ended | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Subsequent Events [Abstract] | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Schedule of Debt Covenant Requirements | Instead, the minimum consolidated EBITDA that the Company was required to maintain during the Amended Limited Availability Period was updated to include fiscal 2022 as set forth in the table below (in millions):
The minimum liquidity (in the form of undrawn availability under the Revolving Credit Facility and unrestricted cash and cash equivalents) that the Company was required to maintain during the Amended Limited Availability Period was amended as set forth in the table below (in millions):
The pricing grid in the Fourth Amended Credit Agreement, which was based on the TNLR, was determined in accordance with the amended pricing matrix set forth below:
The minimum consolidated EBITDA that the Company is required to maintain during the Amended Limited Availability Period is updated as set forth in the table below (in millions):
The minimum liquidity (in the form of undrawn availability under the Revolving Credit Facility and unrestricted cash and cash equivalents) that the Company is required to maintain at the end of each fiscal month during the Amended Limited Availability Period is amended as set forth in the table below (in millions):
The Company is not required to comply with a maximum TNLR financial maintenance covenant for any fiscal quarters from the sixth amendment effective date through September 30, 2023, with the maximum threshold amended thereafter as follows:
The pricing grid in the Amended Credit Agreement, which is based on the TNLR, is applicable to both term loan and revolving borrowings and is determined in accordance with the amended pricing matrix set forth below:
Borrowings under the 2023 Credit Facilities bear interest, at our option, at (i) base rate or (ii) SOFR plus 0.10%, plus an applicable margin depending on the TNLR of the Company as follows:
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Stockholder Transaction Costs (Details) - USD ($) $ / shares in Units, $ in Thousands |
12 Months Ended | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Sep. 11, 2023 |
Jun. 07, 2023 |
Dec. 15, 2021 |
Sep. 30, 2023 |
Oct. 01, 2022 |
Oct. 02, 2021 |
|
| Subsidiary, Sale of Stock [Line Items] | ||||||
| Cash paid for common stock issuance costs (Note 13) | $ 0 | $ 202 | $ 0 | |||
| Private Placement | ||||||
| Subsidiary, Sale of Stock [Line Items] | ||||||
| Number of shares sold (in shares) | 2,500,000 | 5,175,000 | 4,687,500 | |||
| Price of shares sold (in USD per share) | $ 21.00 | $ 20.00 | $ 16.00 | |||
| Cash paid for common stock issuance costs (Note 13) | $ 7,400 | |||||
| Over-Allotment Option | ||||||
| Subsidiary, Sale of Stock [Line Items] | ||||||
| Number of shares sold (in shares) | 675,000 | |||||
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies and Recently Issued Accounting Standards - Narrative (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions |
12 Months Ended | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
Sep. 30, 2023 |
Oct. 01, 2022 |
Oct. 02, 2021 |
Sep. 13, 2018 |
|
| Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items] | ||||
| Deferred financing fees | $ 1.5 | $ 1.4 | $ 2.0 | |
| Debt amortization/ Non-cash interest expense | $ 1.5 | 1.5 | $ 1.1 | |
| Product Warranty Liability [Line Items] | ||||
| Extended product warranty, period | 12 months | |||
| Research and development expense | $ 6.6 | $ 6.1 | $ 5.2 | |
| Minimum | ||||
| Product Warranty Liability [Line Items] | ||||
| Standard product warranty, period | 1 year | |||
| Extended product warranty, period | 2 years | |||
| Maximum | ||||
| Product Warranty Liability [Line Items] | ||||
| Standard product warranty, period | 5 years | |||
| Extended product warranty, period | 5 years | |||
| Engineering designs | Maximum | ||||
| Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items] | ||||
| Estimated life | 7 years | |||
| Customer relationships | ||||
| Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items] | ||||
| Estimated life | 20 years | |||
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies and Recently Issued Accounting Standards - Useful Lives of Property, Plant and Equipment (Details) |
Sep. 30, 2023 |
|---|---|
| Buildings | Minimum | |
| Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items] | |
| Useful life | 15 years |
| Buildings | Maximum | |
| Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items] | |
| Useful life | 33 years |
| Machinery and equipment | Minimum | |
| Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items] | |
| Useful life | 5 years |
| Machinery and equipment | Maximum | |
| Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items] | |
| Useful life | 10 years |
| Computer equipment and software | Minimum | |
| Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items] | |
| Useful life | 3 years |
| Computer equipment and software | Maximum | |
| Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items] | |
| Useful life | 7 years |
| Office furniture and fixtures | Minimum | |
| Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items] | |
| Useful life | 3 years |
| Office furniture and fixtures | Maximum | |
| Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items] | |
| Useful life | 10 years |
Supplemental Financial Information - Accounts Receivable (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands |
Sep. 30, 2023 |
Oct. 01, 2022 |
|---|---|---|
| Condensed Financial Information [Abstract] | ||
| Accounts receivable | $ 12,674 | $ 12,634 |
| Allowance for doubtful accounts | (100) | (100) |
| Accounts receivable, net | $ 12,574 | $ 12,534 |
Supplemental Financial Information - Product Warranty Rollforward (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands |
12 Months Ended | ||
|---|---|---|---|
Sep. 30, 2023 |
Oct. 01, 2022 |
Oct. 02, 2021 |
|
| Movement in Standard Product Warranty Accrual [Roll Forward] | |||
| Balance at beginning of period | $ 15,970 | $ 18,550 | $ 21,374 |
| Add: current period accruals | 9,084 | 7,348 | 6,920 |
| Less: current period reductions of accrual | (9,620) | (9,928) | (9,744) |
| Balance at end of period | $ 15,434 | $ 15,970 | $ 18,550 |
Supplemental Financial Information - Extended Warranty Income (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands |
12 Months Ended | ||
|---|---|---|---|
Sep. 30, 2023 |
Oct. 01, 2022 |
Oct. 02, 2021 |
|
| Movement in Extended Product Warranty Accrual [Roll Forward] | |||
| Balance at beginning of period | $ 18,795 | $ 20,144 | $ 22,588 |
| Add: current period deferred income | 12,013 | 6,847 | 6,192 |
| Less: current period recognition of income | (7,685) | (8,196) | (8,636) |
| Balance at end of period | $ 23,123 | $ 18,795 | $ 20,144 |
Supplemental Financial Information - Remaining Performance Obligation (Details) - Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction, Start Date [Axis]: 2021-10-03 $ in Millions |
Sep. 30, 2023
USD ($)
|
|---|---|
| Condensed Financial Information [Abstract] | |
| Revenue, remaining performance obligation, amount | $ 8.1 |
| Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction [Line Items] | |
| Revenue, remaining performance obligation, period | 12 months |
Supplemental Financial Information - Self Insurance (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands |
Sep. 30, 2023 |
Oct. 01, 2022 |
|---|---|---|
| Condensed Financial Information [Abstract] | ||
| Current portion | $ 4,475 | $ 3,996 |
| Long-term portion | 1,771 | 1,794 |
| Total accrued self-insurance | $ 6,246 | $ 5,790 |
Supplemental Financial Information - Narrative (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions |
12 Months Ended | ||
|---|---|---|---|
Sep. 30, 2023 |
Oct. 01, 2022 |
Oct. 02, 2021 |
|
| Product Warranty Liability [Line Items] | |||
| Extended product warranty, period | 12 months | ||
| Funds awarded by EPA | $ 18.5 | ||
| Shipping and handling revenue | 18.5 | $ 16.0 | $ 13.4 |
| Shipping and handling costs | $ 16.6 | $ 14.3 | $ 11.7 |
| Minimum | |||
| Product Warranty Liability [Line Items] | |||
| Extended product warranty, period | 2 years | ||
| Maximum | |||
| Product Warranty Liability [Line Items] | |||
| Extended product warranty, period | 5 years | ||
Supplemental Financial Information - Derivative Instruments (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions |
12 Months Ended | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Nov. 30, 2018 |
Oct. 24, 2018 |
Sep. 30, 2023 |
Oct. 01, 2022 |
Oct. 02, 2021 |
|
| Derivative Instruments, Gain (Loss) [Line Items] | |||||
| Interest rate collar | 4 years | ||||
| Payment for derivative | $ 1.2 | ||||
| Interest Rate Collar | |||||
| Derivative Instruments, Gain (Loss) [Line Items] | |||||
| Interest rate collar | 4 years | ||||
| Derivative, notional amount | $ 150.0 | ||||
| Floor interest rate | 1.50% | ||||
| Ceiling interest rate | 3.30% | ||||
| Payment for derivative | $ 1.2 | $ 2.0 | |||
Inventories (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands |
Sep. 30, 2023 |
Oct. 01, 2022 |
|---|---|---|
| Inventory Disclosure [Abstract] | ||
| Raw materials | $ 88,116 | $ 106,070 |
| Work in process | 45,875 | 35,398 |
| Finished goods | 1,295 | 1,509 |
| Total inventories | 135,286 | $ 142,977 |
| Excess inventory value over cost | $ 8,800 |
Goodwill (Details) - USD ($) |
12 Months Ended | |
|---|---|---|
Sep. 30, 2023 |
Oct. 01, 2022 |
|
| Goodwill [Line Items] | ||
| Gross Goodwill | $ 18,825,000 | $ 18,825,000 |
| Accumulated Impairments | 0 | 0 |
| Net Goodwill | 18,825,000 | 18,825,000 |
| Goodwill impairment | 0 | 0 |
| Bus | ||
| Goodwill [Line Items] | ||
| Gross Goodwill | 15,139,000 | 15,139,000 |
| Accumulated Impairments | 0 | 0 |
| Net Goodwill | 15,139,000 | 15,139,000 |
| Parts | ||
| Goodwill [Line Items] | ||
| Gross Goodwill | 3,686,000 | 3,686,000 |
| Accumulated Impairments | 0 | 0 |
| Net Goodwill | $ 3,686,000 | $ 3,686,000 |
Intangible Assets (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands |
Sep. 30, 2023 |
Oct. 01, 2022 |
|---|---|---|
| Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items] | ||
| Gross Carrying Amount | $ 40,581 | $ 40,581 |
| Gross Carrying Amount | 80,397 | 80,397 |
| Accumulated Amortization | 34,973 | 32,964 |
| Total | 5,608 | 7,617 |
| Total | 45,424 | 47,433 |
| Trade names | ||
| Indefinite-lived Intangible Assets [Line Items] | ||
| Nonamortized intangible assets | 39,816 | 39,816 |
| Engineering designs | ||
| Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items] | ||
| Gross Carrying Amount | 3,156 | 3,156 |
| Accumulated Amortization | 3,156 | 3,016 |
| Total | 0 | 140 |
| Customer relationships | ||
| Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items] | ||
| Gross Carrying Amount | 37,425 | 37,425 |
| Accumulated Amortization | 31,817 | 29,948 |
| Total | $ 5,608 | $ 7,477 |
Intangible Assets - Narrative (Details) - USD ($) |
12 Months Ended | ||
|---|---|---|---|
Sep. 30, 2023 |
Oct. 01, 2022 |
Oct. 02, 2021 |
|
| Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items] | |||
| Indefinite lived intangible asset impairment | $ 0 | $ 0 | |
| Amortization expense for intangible assets | $ 2,000,000 | $ 2,000,000 | $ 2,200,000 |
| Customer relationships | |||
| Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items] | |||
| Estimated life | 20 years | ||
| Maximum | Engineering designs | |||
| Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items] | |||
| Estimated life | 7 years | ||
Intangible Assets Schedule of Expected Amortization Expense (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands |
Sep. 30, 2023 |
Oct. 01, 2022 |
|---|---|---|
| Goodwill and Intangible Assets Disclosure [Abstract] | ||
| 2024 | $ 1,869 | |
| 2025 | 1,869 | |
| 2026 | 1,870 | |
| Total | $ 5,608 | $ 7,617 |
Debt - Schedule of Long-term Debt (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands |
Sep. 30, 2023 |
Oct. 01, 2022 |
|---|---|---|
| Debt Instrument [Line Items] | ||
| Less: Current portion of long-term debt | $ 19,800 | $ 19,800 |
| Long-term debt, net of current portion | 110,544 | 130,390 |
| Senior Term Loan | Term Loan Facility | ||
| Debt Instrument [Line Items] | ||
| Long-term debt | 130,344 | 150,190 |
| Deferred financing costs | $ 1,456 | $ 1,410 |
Debt - Maturity Schedule (Details) $ in Thousands |
Sep. 30, 2023
USD ($)
|
|---|---|
| Long-term Debt, Fiscal Year Maturity | |
| 2024 | $ 19,800 |
| 2025 | 112,000 |
| Total remaining principal payments | $ 131,800 |
Income Taxes - Income Tax (Benefit) Expense (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands |
12 Months Ended | ||
|---|---|---|---|
Sep. 30, 2023 |
Oct. 01, 2022 |
Oct. 02, 2021 |
|
| Current tax provision: | |||
| Federal | $ (645) | $ 380 | $ 348 |
| State | (243) | 0 | (82) |
| Total current tax (expense) benefit | (888) | 380 | 266 |
| Deferred tax provision: | |||
| Federal | (6,230) | 10,862 | 604 |
| State | (1,835) | 209 | 321 |
| Total deferred tax (expense) benefit | (8,065) | 11,071 | 925 |
| Income tax (expense) benefit | $ (8,953) | $ 11,451 | $ 1,191 |
Income Taxes (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands |
12 Months Ended | ||
|---|---|---|---|
Sep. 30, 2023 |
Oct. 01, 2022 |
Oct. 02, 2021 |
|
| Operating Loss Carryforwards [Line Items] | |||
| Effective tax rate (as a percent) | 34.70% | 21.60% | 60.20% |
| Statutory Federal income tax rate (as a percent) | 21.00% | 21.00% | 21.00% |
| Accrued interest and penalties | $ 100 | ||
| Tax credits | 6,685 | $ 7,918 | |
| Domestic Tax Authority | |||
| Operating Loss Carryforwards [Line Items] | |||
| Operating loss carryforwards | 200 | ||
| State and Local Jurisdiction | |||
| Operating Loss Carryforwards [Line Items] | |||
| Federal tax credit carryforward | 6,700 | ||
| Tax credit carryforwards subject to expiration | 5,200 | ||
| Operating loss carryforwards | 900 | ||
| Operating loss carryforwards subject to expiration | 500 | ||
| Tax credits | $ 8,500 | ||
Income Taxes - Effective Income Tax Rate Reconciliation (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands |
12 Months Ended | ||
|---|---|---|---|
Sep. 30, 2023 |
Oct. 01, 2022 |
Oct. 02, 2021 |
|
| Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract] | |||
| Federal tax (expense) benefit at statutory rate | $ (5,419) | $ 11,141 | $ 415 |
| State taxes, net | (1,700) | 2,240 | 552 |
| Change in uncertain tax positions | 240 | 395 | (635) |
| Share-based compensation | (95) | (513) | (135) |
| Permanent items | (1,582) | (31) | (20) |
| Valuation allowance | (319) | (2,050) | 0 |
| Tax credits | 330 | 285 | 450 |
| Return to accrual adjustments | 3 | (212) | 476 |
| Investor tax on non-consolidated affiliate income | (404) | 231 | (28) |
| Other | (7) | (35) | 116 |
| Income tax (expense) benefit | $ (8,953) | $ 11,451 | $ 1,191 |
Income Taxes - Unrecognized Tax Benefits (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands |
12 Months Ended | ||
|---|---|---|---|
Sep. 30, 2023 |
Oct. 01, 2022 |
Oct. 02, 2021 |
|
| Reconciliation of Unrecognized Tax Benefits, Excluding Amounts Pertaining to Examined Tax Returns [Roll Forward] | |||
| Balance, beginning of year | $ 110 | $ 370 | $ 0 |
| Additions for tax positions of prior years | 0 | 0 | 370 |
| Lapses of applicable statute of limitations | 110 | 260 | 0 |
| Balance, end of year | $ 0 | $ 110 | $ 370 |
Income Taxes - Deferred Tax Assets and Liabilities (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands |
Sep. 30, 2023 |
Oct. 01, 2022 |
|---|---|---|
| Deferred tax liabilities | ||
| Property, plant and equipment | $ (10,880) | $ (9,899) |
| Other intangible assets | (11,167) | (11,539) |
| Investor tax on non-consolidated affiliate income | (866) | (461) |
| Other assets | 0 | (127) |
| Total deferred tax liabilities | (22,913) | (22,026) |
| Deferred tax assets | ||
| NOL carryforward | 1,168 | 7,928 |
| Accrued expenses | 5,586 | 5,335 |
| Compensation | 2,839 | 5,139 |
| Interest limitation carryforward | 5,235 | 5,098 |
| Inventories | 743 | 3,972 |
| Other assets | 3,052 | 0 |
| Unearned income | 3,096 | 3,046 |
| Tax credits | 6,685 | 7,918 |
| Total deferred tax assets | 28,404 | 38,436 |
| Less: valuation allowance | (5,822) | (5,503) |
| Deferred tax assets less valuation allowance | 22,582 | 32,933 |
| Deferred Tax Liabilities, Net | $ (331) | |
| Net deferred tax (liabilities) assets | $ 10,907 |
Guarantees, Commitments and Contingencies - Narrative (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions |
Sep. 30, 2023 |
Oct. 01, 2022 |
|---|---|---|
| Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure [Abstract] | ||
| Accrual for Environmental Loss Contingencies | $ 0.3 | $ 0.1 |
| Accrual for Environmental Loss Contingencies, Fiscal Year Maturity [Abstract] | ||
| Accrual for Environmental Loss Contingencies, Total | $ 0.3 | $ 0.1 |
| Operating Leased Assets [Line Items] | ||
| Environmental Loss Contingency, Statement of Financial Position [Extensible Enumeration] | Other liabilities, Accrued expenses | Other liabilities, Accrued expenses |
| Renewal term | 3 months 18 days | |
| Minimum | ||
| Operating Leased Assets [Line Items] | ||
| Lease term | 3 months 18 days | |
| Maximum | ||
| Operating Leased Assets [Line Items] | ||
| Lease term | 5 years 10 months 24 days |
Guarantees, Commitments and Contingencies - Schedule of Lease Amounts included on the Consolidated Balance Sheets (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands |
Sep. 30, 2023 |
Oct. 01, 2022 |
|---|---|---|
| Assets | ||
| Operating | $ 4,298 | $ 5,487 |
| Finance | 1,034 | 1,736 |
| Total lease assets | 5,332 | 7,223 |
| Current | ||
| Operating | 1,593 | 2,150 |
| Finance | 583 | 566 |
| Long-term | ||
| Operating | 3,608 | 4,578 |
| Finance | 987 | 1,574 |
| Total lease liabilities | 6,771 | 8,868 |
| Finance lease, right-of-use asset, accumulated amortization | $ 2,500 | $ 1,800 |
| Operating lease, right-of-use asset, statement of financial position | Property, plant and equipment, net | Property, plant and equipment, net |
| Operating lease, liability, current, statement of financial position | Other current liabilities | Other current liabilities |
| Operating lease, liability, noncurrent, statement of financial position | Other liabilities | Other liabilities |
Guarantees, Commitments and Contingencies - Schedule of Lease Costs (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands |
12 Months Ended | |
|---|---|---|
Sep. 30, 2023 |
Oct. 01, 2022 |
|
| Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure [Abstract] | ||
| Operating leases | $ 2,188 | $ 1,399 |
| Amortization of lease assets | 702 | 1,157 |
| Interest on lease liabilities | 60 | 171 |
| Short-term leases | 1,993 | 995 |
| Total lease cost | $ 4,943 | $ 3,722 |
Guarantees, Commitments and Contingencies - Schedule of Lease Liability Maturities (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands |
Sep. 30, 2023 |
Oct. 01, 2022 |
|---|---|---|
| Operating | ||
| 2024 | $ 1,878 | |
| 2025 | 1,640 | |
| 2026 | 1,284 | |
| 2027 | 776 | |
| 2028 | 208 | |
| Thereafter | 88 | |
| Total future minimum lease payments | 5,874 | |
| Less: imputed interest | 673 | |
| Total lease liabilities | 5,201 | |
| Finance | ||
| 2024 | 631 | |
| 2025 | 994 | |
| 2026 | 0 | |
| 2027 | 0 | |
| 2028 | 0 | |
| Thereafter | 0 | |
| Total future minimum lease payments | 1,625 | |
| Less: imputed interest | 55 | |
| Total lease liabilities | 1,570 | |
| Total | ||
| 2024 | 2,509 | |
| 2025 | 2,634 | |
| 2026 | 1,284 | |
| 2027 | 776 | |
| 2028 | 208 | |
| Thereafter | 88 | |
| Total future minimum lease payments | 7,499 | |
| Less: imputed interest | 728 | |
| Total lease liabilities | $ 6,771 | $ 8,868 |
Guarantees, Commitments and Contingencies - Lease Terms and Discount Rates (Details) |
Sep. 30, 2023 |
|---|---|
| Operating | |
| Weighted average remaining lease term | 3 years 6 months |
| Weighted average discount rate | 5.00% |
| Finance | |
| Weighted average remaining lease term | 1 year 6 months |
| Weighted average discount rate | 3.30% |
Guarantees, Commitments and Contingencies - Supplemental Cash Flow Information (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands |
12 Months Ended | ||
|---|---|---|---|
Sep. 30, 2023 |
Oct. 01, 2022 |
Oct. 02, 2021 |
|
| Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities | |||
| Financing cash flows - finance leases | $ 570 | $ 1,132 | $ 1,294 |
| Operating cash flows - operating leases | 2,688 | 1,572 | |
| Financing cash flows - finance leases | 60 | 171 | |
| Right-of-use assets exchanged for lease liabilities | |||
| Operating leases | $ 626 | $ 1,424 | $ 62 |
Guarantees, Commitments and Contingencies - Purchase Commitments (Details) $ in Thousands |
Sep. 30, 2023
USD ($)
|
|---|---|
| Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure [Abstract] | |
| 2024 | $ 109,187 |
| Total purchase commitments | $ 109,187 |
Revenue (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands |
12 Months Ended | ||
|---|---|---|---|
Sep. 30, 2023 |
Oct. 01, 2022 |
Oct. 02, 2021 |
|
| Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items] | |||
| Net sales | $ 1,132,793 | $ 800,637 | $ 683,995 |
| Diesel buses | |||
| Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items] | |||
| Net sales | 341,969 | 276,395 | 291,203 |
| Alternative fuel buses | |||
| Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items] | |||
| Net sales | 648,900 | 407,599 | 300,706 |
| Other | |||
| Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items] | |||
| Net sales | 46,246 | 41,858 | 34,875 |
| Parts | |||
| Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items] | |||
| Net sales | $ 95,678 | $ 74,785 | $ 57,211 |
Stockholders' Deficit - (Details) - USD ($) $ / shares in Units, $ in Millions |
Sep. 11, 2023 |
Jun. 07, 2023 |
Dec. 15, 2021 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Class of Stock [Line Items] | |||
| Sale of Stock, Consideration Received on Transaction | $ 75.0 | ||
| Coliseum | |||
| Class of Stock [Line Items] | |||
| Percentage ownership after shares sold | 15.00% | ||
| Private Placement | |||
| Class of Stock [Line Items] | |||
| Number of shares sold (in shares) | 2,500,000 | 5,175,000 | 4,687,500 |
| Price of shares sold (in USD per share) | $ 21.00 | $ 20.00 | $ 16.00 |
| Sale of Stock, Consideration Received on Transaction | $ 74.8 |
Share-Based Compensation - Restricted Stock and Unit Activity (Details) - Restricted Stock and Restricted Stock Units (RSUs) - $ / shares |
12 Months Ended | ||
|---|---|---|---|
Sep. 30, 2023 |
Oct. 01, 2022 |
Oct. 02, 2021 |
|
| Number of Shares | |||
| Unvested shares, beginning of year (in shares) | 157,317 | ||
| Granted (in shares) | 541,651 | ||
| Vested (in shares) | (98,229) | ||
| Forfeited (in shares) | (16,676) | ||
| Unvested shares, end of year (in shares) | 584,063 | 157,317 | |
| Weighted-Average Grant Date Fair Value | |||
| Unvested shares, beginning of year (in dollars per share) | $ 17.35 | ||
| Granted (in dollars per share) | 23.41 | $ 17.35 | $ 18.50 |
| Vested (in dollars per share) | 17.36 | ||
| Forfeited (in dollars per share) | 24.05 | ||
| Unvested shares, end of year (in dollars per share) | $ 22.99 | $ 17.35 | |
Benefit Plans - Narrative (Details) - USD ($) |
12 Months Ended | ||
|---|---|---|---|
Sep. 30, 2023 |
Oct. 01, 2022 |
Oct. 02, 2021 |
|
| Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items] | |||
| Employer matching contribution, percent of employees' contribution | 50.00% | ||
| Employer matching contribution, percent of employees' gross pay | 6.00% | ||
| Employer discretionary contribution amount | $ 1,300,000 | $ 1,600,000 | $ 500,000 |
| Medical, dental and accident and sickness benefit expense | 15,300,000 | 13,600,000 | 13,800,000 |
| Bonus liabilities | 8,300,000 | 0 | |
| Pension Plan | |||
| Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items] | |||
| Employer contribution | 1,113,000 | 0 | |
| Benefits paid | 13,175,000 | 8,592,000 | |
| Benefit obligation | 108,393,000 | $ 122,571,000 | $ 160,088,000 |
| Estimated net loss to be amortized from accumulated other comprehensive loss over next fiscal year | 700,000 | ||
| Estimated future employer contributions in next fiscal year | 0 | ||
| Pension Plan, Certain Participants Meeting Certain Specified Criteria | |||
| Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items] | |||
| Employer contribution | $ 5,200,000 | ||
Benefit Plans - Projected Benefit Obligation (Details) - Pension Plan - USD ($) $ in Thousands |
12 Months Ended | ||
|---|---|---|---|
Sep. 30, 2023 |
Oct. 01, 2022 |
Oct. 02, 2021 |
|
| Change in benefit obligation | |||
| Projected benefit obligation balance, beginning of year | $ 122,571 | $ 160,088 | |
| Interest cost | 6,035 | 4,368 | $ 4,227 |
| Actuarial gain (1) | (7,038) | (33,293) | |
| Benefits paid | (13,175) | (8,592) | |
| Projected benefit obligations balance, end of year | $ 108,393 | $ 122,571 | $ 160,088 |
Benefit Plans - Change in Plan Assets (Details) - Pension Plan - USD ($) $ in Thousands |
12 Months Ended | |
|---|---|---|
Sep. 30, 2023 |
Oct. 01, 2022 |
|
| Change in plan assets | ||
| Fair value of plan assets, beginning of year | $ 106,547 | $ 137,337 |
| Actual return on plan assets | 11,504 | (22,198) |
| Employer contribution | 1,113 | 0 |
| Benefits paid | (13,175) | (8,592) |
| Fair value of plan assets, end of year | $ 105,989 | $ 106,547 |
Benefit Plans - Net Funded Status (Details) - Pension Plan - USD ($) $ in Thousands |
Sep. 30, 2023 |
Oct. 01, 2022 |
Oct. 02, 2021 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items] | |||
| Benefit obligation | $ 108,393 | $ 122,571 | $ 160,088 |
| Fair value of plan assets | 105,989 | 106,547 | $ 137,337 |
| Funded status | (2,404) | (16,024) | |
| Net pension liability recognized | $ (2,404) | $ (16,024) |
Benefit Plans - Amounts Recognized in Other Comprehensive Income (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands |
12 Months Ended | ||
|---|---|---|---|
Sep. 30, 2023 |
Oct. 01, 2022 |
Oct. 02, 2021 |
|
| Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items] | |||
| Net gain | $ (23,812) | $ 45,759 | $ 289 |
| Pension Plan | |||
| Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items] | |||
| Interest cost | 6,035 | 4,368 | 4,227 |
| Expected return on plan assets | (6,518) | (8,491) | (7,777) |
| Amortization of net loss | 1,195 | 1,163 | 1,861 |
| Net periodic benefit expense (income) | 712 | (2,960) | (1,689) |
| Net gain | (12,024) | (2,605) | (16,038) |
| Amortization of net loss | (1,195) | (1,163) | (1,861) |
| Total recognized in other comprehensive income | (13,219) | (3,768) | (17,899) |
| Total recognized in net periodic pension benefit expense (income) and other comprehensive income | $ (12,507) | $ (6,728) | $ (19,588) |
Benefit Plans - Assumptions Used to Determine Benefit Obligations (Details) |
Sep. 30, 2023 |
Oct. 01, 2022 |
|---|---|---|
| Pension Plan | ||
| Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items] | ||
| Discount rate | 5.70% | 5.10% |
Benefit Plans - Assumptions Used to Determine Net Benefit Cost (Details) - Pension Plan |
12 Months Ended | |
|---|---|---|
Sep. 30, 2023 |
Oct. 01, 2022 |
|
| Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items] | ||
| Discount rate | 5.10% | 2.80% |
| Expected long-term return on plan assets | 6.37% | 6.37% |
Benefit Plans - Weighted Average Asset Allocations (Details) - Pension Plan |
Sep. 30, 2023 |
Oct. 01, 2022 |
|---|---|---|
| Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items] | ||
| Weighted average allocations of plan assets | 100.00% | 100.00% |
| Equity securities | ||
| Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items] | ||
| Weighted average allocations of plan assets | 57.00% | 47.00% |
| Debt securities | ||
| Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items] | ||
| Weighted average allocations of plan assets | 43.00% | 53.00% |
Benefit Plans - Expected Benefit Payments (Details) $ in Thousands |
Sep. 30, 2023
USD ($)
|
|---|---|
| Retirement Benefits [Abstract] | |
| 2024 | $ 8,636 |
| 2025 | 8,733 |
| 2026 | 8,789 |
| 2027 | 8,774 |
| 2028 | 8,717 |
| 2029 - 2033 | 41,953 |
| Total expected future benefit payments | $ 85,602 |
Equity Investment in Affiliate - Narrative (Details) $ in Thousands |
12 Months Ended | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Sep. 30, 2023
USD ($)
|
Oct. 01, 2022
USD ($)
|
Oct. 02, 2021
USD ($)
|
Oct. 14, 2009
manufacturer
|
|
| Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items] | ||||
| Number of manufacturers before venture | manufacturer | 2 | |||
| Equity investment in affiliate | $ 17,619 | $ 10,659 | ||
| Equity in net income (loss) of non-consolidated affiliate | $ 6,960 | (4,159) | $ 498 | |
| Micro Bird Holdings, Inc. | ||||
| Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items] | ||||
| Equity interest in equity method investment (as a percent) | 50.00% | |||
| Equity investment in affiliate | $ 17,600 | 10,700 | ||
| Equity in net income (loss) of non-consolidated affiliate | $ 7,000 | $ (4,200) | $ 500 | |
Equity Investment in Affiliate - Summarized Financial Results (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands |
12 Months Ended | ||
|---|---|---|---|
Sep. 30, 2023 |
Oct. 01, 2022 |
Oct. 02, 2021 |
|
| Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items] | |||
| Assets, Current | $ 236,063 | $ 174,476 | |
| Assets | 417,766 | 366,126 | |
| Liabilities, Current | 229,620 | 164,774 | |
| Liabilities, Noncurrent | 148,148 | 199,970 | |
| Net sales | 1,132,793 | 800,637 | $ 683,995 |
| Segment gross profit | 138,850 | 36,546 | 72,141 |
| Operating profit | 51,657 | (40,700) | 6,522 |
| Net income (loss) | 23,812 | (45,759) | (289) |
| Micro Bird Holdings, Inc. | |||
| Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items] | |||
| Assets, Current | 72,232 | 46,951 | |
| Assets, Noncurrent | 21,220 | 20,625 | |
| Assets | 93,452 | 67,576 | |
| Liabilities, Current | 64,230 | 53,022 | |
| Liabilities, Noncurrent | 2,359 | 1,036 | |
| Liabilities | 66,589 | 54,058 | |
| Net Assets | 26,863 | 13,518 | |
| Net sales | 203,086 | 128,343 | 131,028 |
| Segment gross profit | 35,453 | 2,071 | 10,370 |
| Operating profit | 18,310 | (10,453) | 1,602 |
| Net income (loss) | $ 13,244 | $ (8,924) | $ 1,438 |
Subsequent Events - Minimum EBIT (Details) - Credit Facility - Sixth Amendment to Credit Agreement |
Nov. 21, 2022
USD ($)
|
|---|---|
| Limited Availability Period One | |
| Debt Instrument [Line Items] | |
| Minimum Consolidated EBITDA | $ 50.0 |
| Limited Availability Period Two | |
| Debt Instrument [Line Items] | |
| Minimum Consolidated EBITDA | $ 60.0 |
Subsequent Events - Minimum Liquidity (Details) |
Nov. 21, 2022
USD ($)
|
|---|---|
| Limited Availability Period One | Credit Facility | Sixth Amendment to Credit Agreement | |
| Debt Instrument [Line Items] | |
| Minimum Liquidity | $ 30.0 |
Subsequent Events - Minimum Units Manufactured (Details) - Sixth Amendment to Credit Agreement - Credit Facility |
Nov. 21, 2022
USD ($)
|
|---|---|
| Limited Availability Period One | |
| Debt Instrument [Line Items] | |
| Minimum Units Manufactured | 450 |
| Limited Availability Period Two | |
| Debt Instrument [Line Items] | |
| Minimum Units Manufactured | 900 |
| Limited Availability Period Three | |
| Debt Instrument [Line Items] | |
| Minimum Units Manufactured | 1,400 |
| Limited Availability Period Four | |
| Debt Instrument [Line Items] | |
| Minimum Units Manufactured | 1,900 |
| Limited Availability Period Five | |
| Debt Instrument [Line Items] | |
| Minimum Units Manufactured | 2,400 |
| Limited Availability Period Six | |
| Debt Instrument [Line Items] | |
| Minimum Units Manufactured | 3,000 |
Schedule II - Valuation and Qualifying Accounts (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands |
12 Months Ended | ||
|---|---|---|---|
Sep. 30, 2023 |
Oct. 01, 2022 |
Oct. 02, 2021 |
|
| Allowance for Doubtful Accounts | |||
| SEC Schedule, 12-09, Movement in Valuation Allowances and Reserves [Roll Forward] | |||
| Beginning Balance | $ 100 | $ 100 | $ 100 |
| Charges to Expense/(Income) | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Doubtful Accounts Written Off, Net | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Ending Balance | 100 | 100 | 100 |
| Deferred Tax Valuation Allowance | |||
| SEC Schedule, 12-09, Movement in Valuation Allowances and Reserves [Roll Forward] | |||
| Beginning Balance | 5,503 | 3,453 | 3,453 |
| Charges to Expense/(Income) | 319 | 2,050 | 0 |
| Doubtful Accounts Written Off, Net | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Ending Balance | $ 5,822 | $ 5,503 | $ 3,453 |