UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q

☒	Quarterly Report Pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934	
For the quarterly period ended September 30, 2020.
OR
☐	Transition Report Pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934	
For the transition period from                 to                 .
Commission file number: 001-36101

RE/MAX Holdings, Inc.
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

			
			
Delaware		80-0937145	
(State or other jurisdiction of
incorporation or organization)		(I.R.S. Employer
Identification Number)	
			
5075 South Syracuse Street
Denver, Colorado		80237	
(Address of principal executive offices)		(Zip Code)	

(303) 770-5531
(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:			
Title of each class	Trading Symbol	Name of each exchange on which registered	
Class A Common Stock, $0.0001 par value per share	RMAX	New York Stock Exchange	
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes  ☒    No ☐    
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes  ☒    No  ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See definition of “large accelerated filer”, “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer	☒	Accelerated filer	☐	Emerging growth company	☐	
Non-accelerated filer	☐‌	Smaller reporting company	☐			
If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐ 
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes  ☐    No  ☒
On October 31, 2020, there were 18,557,201 outstanding shares of the registrant’s Class A common stock (including unvested restricted stock), $0.0001 par value per share, and 1 outstanding share of Class B common stock, $0.0001 par value per share.

Table of Contents
TABLE OF CONTENTS

 	 	 	Page No.	
 	 	PART I. – FINANCIAL INFORMATION		
				
Item 1.	 	Financial Statements	3	
				
 	 	Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets	3	
				
 	 	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income	4	
				
		Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income	5	
				
 	 	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity	6	
				
 	 	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows	8	
				
 	 	Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements	9	
				
Item 2.	 	Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	23	
				
Item 3.	 	Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risks	37	
				
Item 4.	 	Controls and Procedures	38	
				
 	 	PART II. – OTHER INFORMATION		
				
Item 1.	 	Legal Proceedings	38	
				
Item 1A.	 	Risk Factors	38	
				
Item 2.	 	Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds	40	
				
Item 3.	 	Defaults Upon Senior Securities	40	
				
Item 4.	 	Mine Safety Disclosures	40	
				
Item 5.	 	Other Information	40	
				
Item 6.	 	Exhibits	41	
				
		SIGNATURES	42	

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PART I. – FINANCIAL INFORMATION
Item 1. Financial Statements
RE/MAX HOLDINGS, INC.
Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets
(In thousands, except share and per share amounts)
(Unaudited)

							
		September 30, 		December 31, 	
		2020		2019	
Assets							
Current assets:							
Cash and cash equivalents		$	89,135		$	83,001	
Restricted cash			15,635			20,600	
Accounts and notes receivable, current portion, less allowances of $14,614 and $12,538, respectively			30,003			28,644	
Income taxes receivable			718			896	
Other current assets			12,484			9,638	
Total current assets			147,975			142,779	
Property and equipment, net of accumulated depreciation of $16,408 and $14,940, respectively			6,016			5,444	
Operating lease right of use assets			39,937			51,129	
Franchise agreements, net			76,065			87,670	
Other intangible assets, net			31,424			32,315	
Goodwill			176,302			159,038	
Deferred tax assets, net			49,377			52,595	
Income taxes receivable, net of current portion			1,690			1,690	
Other assets, net of current portion			14,535			9,692	
Total assets		$	543,321		$	542,352	
Liabilities and stockholders' equity							
Current liabilities:							
Accounts payable		$	5,727		$	2,983	
Accrued liabilities			52,073			60,163	
Income taxes payable			7,249			6,854	
Deferred revenue			23,147			25,663	
Current portion of debt			2,489			2,648	
Current portion of payable pursuant to tax receivable agreements			6,478			3,583	
Operating lease liabilities			5,553			5,102	
Total current liabilities			102,716			106,996	
Debt, net of current portion			221,594			223,033	
Payable pursuant to tax receivable agreements, net of current portion			30,745			33,640	
Deferred tax liabilities, net			1,000			293	
Deferred revenue, net of current portion			17,931			18,763	
Operating lease liabilities, net of current portion			51,750			55,959	
Other liabilities, net of current portion			5,408			5,292	
Total liabilities			431,144			443,976	
Commitments and contingencies (note 12)							
Stockholders' equity:							
Class A common stock, par value $.0001 per share, 180,000,000 shares authorized; 18,372,134 and 17,838,233 shares issued and outstanding as of September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively			2			2	
Class B common stock, par value $.0001 per share, 1,000 shares authorized; 1 share issued and outstanding as of September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019			—			—	
Additional paid-in capital			485,664			466,945	
Retained earnings			27,951			30,525	
Accumulated other comprehensive income, net of tax			476			414	
Total stockholders' equity attributable to RE/MAX Holdings, Inc.			514,093			497,886	
Non-controlling interest			(401,916)			(399,510)	
Total stockholders' equity			112,177			98,376	
Total liabilities and stockholders' equity		$	543,321		$	542,352	

See accompanying notes to unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

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RE/MAX HOLDINGS, INC.
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income
(In thousands, except share and per share amounts)
(Unaudited)

														
		Three Months Ended		Nine Months Ended		
		September 30, 		September 30, 		
		2020	 	2019	 	2020	 	2019		
Revenue:														
Continuing franchise fees		$	24,339		$	25,168		$	65,220		$	75,018		
Annual dues			8,638			8,835			26,304			26,508		
Broker fees			15,457			13,292			35,327			35,339		
Marketing Funds fees			17,290			18,034			46,577			54,866		
Franchise sales and other revenue			5,349			6,212			20,124			22,369		
Total revenue			71,073			71,541			193,552			214,100		
Operating expenses:														
Selling, operating and administrative expenses			28,216			24,468			88,241			84,081		
Marketing Funds expenses			17,290			18,034			46,577			54,866		
Depreciation and amortization			6,850			5,595			19,572			16,694		
Impairment charge - leased assets			7,902			—			7,902			—		
Total operating expenses			60,258			48,097			162,292			155,641		
Operating income			10,815			23,444			31,260			58,459		
Other expenses, net:														
Interest expense			(2,159)			(3,089)			(7,028)			(9,398)		
Interest income			25			412			328			1,074		
Foreign currency transaction gains (losses)			94			(50)			(75)			66		
Total other expenses, net			(2,040)			(2,727)			(6,775)			(8,258)		
Income before provision for income taxes			8,775			20,717			24,485			50,201		
Provision for income taxes			(2,051)			(3,453)			(6,547)			(8,547)		
Net income		$	6,724		$	17,264		$	17,938		$	41,654		
Less: net income attributable to non-controlling interest (note 3)			3,171			8,091			8,265			19,502		
Net income attributable to RE/MAX Holdings, Inc.		$	3,553		$	9,173		$	9,673		$	22,152		
														
Net income attributable to RE/MAX Holdings, Inc. per share of Class A common stock														
Basic		$	0.20		$	0.51		$	0.53		$	1.24		
Diluted		$	0.19		$	0.51		$	0.53		$	1.24		
Weighted average shares of Class A common stock outstanding														
Basic			18,196,454			17,826,332			18,098,227			17,803,708		
Diluted			18,368,051			17,840,158			18,182,856			17,830,942		
Cash dividends declared per share of Class A common stock		$	0.22		$	0.21		$	0.66		$	0.63		

See accompanying notes to unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

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RE/MAX HOLDINGS, INC.
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income
(In thousands)
(Unaudited)

													
		Three Months Ended		Nine Months Ended	
		September 30, 		September 30, 	
		2020		2019		2020		2019	
Net income		$	6,724		$	17,264		$	17,938		$	41,654	
Change in cumulative translation adjustment			70			(39)			(43)			95	
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax			70			(39)			(43)			95	
Comprehensive income			6,794			17,225			17,895			41,749	
Less: comprehensive income attributable to non-controlling interest			3,205			8,070			8,160			19,546	
Comprehensive income attributable to RE/MAX Holdings, Inc., net of tax		$	3,589		$	9,155		$	9,735		$	22,203	

See accompanying notes to unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

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RE/MAX HOLDINGS, INC.
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity
(In thousands, except share amounts)
(Unaudited)
																										
																		Accumulated other							
		Class A		Class B		Additional				comprehensive		Non-		Total	
		common stock		common stock		paid-in		Retained		income (loss),		controlling		stockholders'	
	    	Shares	    	Amount	    	Shares	    	Amount	    	capital	    	earnings	    	net of tax	    	interest	    	equity	
Balances, January 1, 2020		17,838,233		$	2		1		$	—		$	466,945		$	30,525		$	414		$	(399,510)		$	98,376	
Net income		—			—		—			—			—			2,631			—			2,659			5,290	
Distributions to non-controlling unitholders		—			—		—			—			—			—			—			(2,777)			(2,777)	
Equity-based compensation expense and related dividend equivalents		368,375			—		—			—			5,962			(289)			—			—			5,673	
Dividends to Class A common stockholders		—			—		—			—			—			(3,986)			—			—			(3,986)	
Change in accumulated other comprehensive income		—			—		—			—			—			—			(36)			(194)			(230)	
Payroll taxes related to net settled restricted stock units		(82,645)			—		—			—			(2,268)			—			—			—			(2,268)	
Balances, March 31, 2020		18,123,963			2		1			—			470,639			28,881			378			(399,822)			100,078	
Net income		—			—		—			—			—			3,489			—			2,435			5,924	
Distributions to non-controlling unitholders		—			—		—			—			—			—			—			(2,789)			(2,789)	
Equity-based compensation expense and related dividend equivalents		—			—		—			—			2,812			—			—			—			2,812	
Dividends to Class A common stockholders		—			—		—			—			—			(3,987)			—			—			(3,987)	
Change in accumulated other comprehensive income		—			—		—			—			—			—			62			55			117	
Other		—			—		—			—			—			2			—			—			2	
Balances, June 30, 2020		18,123,963			2		1			—			473,451			28,385			440			(400,121)			102,157	
Net income		—			—		—			—			—			3,553			—			3,171			6,724	
Distributions to non-controlling unitholders		—			—		—			—			—			—			—			(5,000)			(5,000)	
Equity-based compensation expense and related dividend equivalents		—			—		—			—			3,413			—			—			—			3,413	
Dividends to Class A common stockholders		—			—		—			—			—			(3,988)			—			—			(3,988)	
Change in accumulated other comprehensive income		—			—		—			—			—			—			36			34			70	
Acquisitions		248,171			—		—			—			8,800			—			—			—			8,800	
Other		—			—		—			—			—			1			—			—			1	
Balances, September 30, 2020		18,372,134		$	2		1		$	—		$	485,664		$	27,951		$	476		$	(401,916)		$	112,177	

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														Accumulated other					
		Class A		Class B		Additional				comprehensive		Non-		Total	
		common stock		common stock		paid-in		Retained		income (loss),		controlling		stockholders'	
	    	Shares	    	Amount	    	Shares	    	Amount	    	capital	    	earnings	    	net of tax	    	interest	    	equity	
Balances, January 1, 2019		17,754,416		$	2		1		$	—		$	460,101		$	21,138		$	328		$	(402,294)		$	79,275	
Net income		—			—		—			—			—			4,409			—			3,848			8,257	
Distributions to non-controlling unitholders		—			—		—			—			—			—			—			(2,693)			(2,693)	
Equity-based compensation expense and related dividend equivalents		70,797			—		—			—			3,213			(42)			—			—			3,171	
Dividends to Class A common stockholders		—			—		—			—			—			(3,740)			—			—			(3,740)	
Change in accumulated other comprehensive income		—			—		—			—			—			—			36			33			69	
Payroll taxes related to net settled restricted stock units		(17,265)			—		—			—			(713)			—			—			—			(713)	
Balances, March 31, 2019		17,807,948			2		1			—			462,601			21,765			364			(401,106)			83,626	
Net income		—			—		—			—			—			8,570			—			7,563			16,133	
Distributions to non-controlling unitholders		—			—		—			—			—			—			—			(4,613)			(4,613)	
Equity-based compensation expense and related dividend equivalents		1,740			—		—			—			182			(1)			—			—			181	
Dividends to Class A common stockholders		—			—		—			—			—			(3,739)			—			—			(3,739)	
Change in accumulated other comprehensive income		—			—		—			—			—			—			33			32			65	
Payroll taxes related to net settled restricted stock units		(569)			—		—			—			(18)			—			—			—			(18)	
Other		—			—		—			—			290			—			—			—			290	
Balances, June 30, 2019		17,809,119			2		1			—			463,055			26,595			397			(398,124)			91,925	
Net income		—			—		—			—			—			9,173			—			8,091			17,264	
Distributions to non-controlling unitholders		—			—		—			—			—			—			—			(4,154)			(4,154)	
Equity-based compensation expense and related dividend equivalents		30,278			—		—			—			(888)			(31)			—			—			(919)	
Dividends to Class A common stockholders		—			—		—			—			—			(3,745)			—			—			(3,745)	
Change in accumulated other comprehensive income		—			—		—			—			—			—			(18)			(21)			(39)	
Payroll taxes related to net settled restricted stock units		(3,678)			—		—			—			(105)			—			—			—			(105)	
Other		—			—		—			—			183			—			—			—			183	
Balances, September 30, 2019		17,835,719		$	2		1		$	—		$	462,245		$	31,992		$	379		$	(394,208)		$	100,410	

See accompanying notes to unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.
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RE/MAX HOLDINGS, INC.
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows
(In thousands)
(Unaudited)

		Nine Months Ended	
		September 30, 	
		2020		2019	
Cash flows from operating activities:							
Net income		$	17,938		$	41,654	
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:							
Depreciation and amortization			19,572			16,694	
Impairment charge - leased assets			7,902			—	
Bad debt expense			4,024			3,420	
Equity-based compensation expense			8,347			4,860	
Deferred income tax expense			1,889			3,630	
Fair value adjustments to contingent consideration			(105)			330	
Other, net			209			1,193	
Changes in operating assets and liabilities			(16,305)			(16,594)	
Net cash provided by operating activities			43,471			55,187	
Cash flows from investing activities:							
Purchases of property, equipment and capitalization of software			(4,575)			(10,093)	
Acquisitions, net of cash acquired of $867k and $−, respectively			(10,627)			—	
Restricted cash acquired with the Marketing Funds acquisition			—			28,495	
Other			—			(1,200)	
Net cash (used in) provided by investing activities			(15,202)			17,202	
Cash flows from financing activities:							
Payments on debt			(1,986)			(1,964)	
Distributions paid to non-controlling unitholders			(10,566)			(11,460)	
Dividends and dividend equivalents paid to Class A common stockholders			(12,250)			(11,298)	
Payments related to tax withholding for share-based compensation			(2,268)			(836)	
Net cash used in financing activities			(27,070)			(25,558)	
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash			(30)			76	
Net increase in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash			1,169			46,907	
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash, beginning of year			103,601			59,974	
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash, end of period		$	104,770		$	106,881	
Supplemental disclosures of cash flow information:							
Cash paid for interest		$	6,638		$	9,004	
Net cash paid for income taxes		$	3,963		$	6,032	
Payments pursuant to tax receivable agreements		$	—		$	2,854	
Schedule of non-cash investing activities:							
Class A shares issued as consideration for acquisitions		$	8,800		$	—	

See accompanying notes to unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

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1. Business and Organization
RE/MAX Holdings, Inc. (“Holdings”) and its consolidated subsidiaries, including RMCO, LLC (“RMCO”), are referred to hereinafter as the “Company.”
The Company is a franchisor in the real estate industry, franchising real estate brokerages globally under the RE/MAX brand (“RE/MAX”) and mortgage brokerages within the United States (“U.S.”) under the Motto Mortgage brand (“Motto”). RE/MAX, founded in 1973, has over 130,000 agents operating in over 8,000 offices and a presence in more than 110 countries and territories. Motto, founded in 2016, is the first nationally franchised mortgage brokerage in the U.S. RE/MAX and Motto are 100% franchised and do not operate any real estate or mortgage brokerage offices.
2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
Basis of Presentation
The accompanying Consolidated Balance Sheet at December 31, 2019, which was derived from the audited consolidated financial statements at that date, and the unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“U.S. GAAP”). Certain information and footnote disclosures normally included in annual consolidated financial statements prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP have been condensed or omitted. The accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements are presented on a consolidated basis and include the accounts of Holdings and its consolidated subsidiaries. All significant intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated. In the opinion of management, the accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements reflect all normal and recurring adjustments necessary to present fairly the Company’s financial position as of September 30, 2020 and the results of its operations and comprehensive income, cash flows and changes in its stockholders’ equity for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019. Interim results may not be indicative of full-year performance.
These condensed consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the Company’s audited consolidated financial statements within the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2019 (“2019 Annual Report on Form 10-K”). Please refer to that document for a fuller discussion of all significant accounting policies.
Use of Estimates‌
The preparation of the accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and the disclosure of contingent liabilities at the date of the condensed consolidated financial statements and the reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates.
Revenue Recognition
The Company generates the substantial majority of its revenue from contracts with customers. The Company’s major streams of revenue are:

	●	Continuing franchise fees, which are fixed contractual fees paid monthly by regional franchise owners and franchisees based on the number of RE/MAX agents in the respective franchised region or office and the number of Motto offices.	

	●	Annual dues, which are fees charged directly to RE/MAX agents.	

	●	Broker fees, which are fees paid on real estate commissions when a RE/MAX agent assists a consumer to buy or sell a home.	

	●	Marketing Funds fees, which are fixed contractual fees paid monthly by franchisees based on the number of RE/MAX agents in the respective franchised region or office or the number of Motto offices.	
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	●	Franchise sales and other franchise revenue, which consist of fees from initial sales of RE/MAX and Motto franchises, renewals of RE/MAX franchises, master franchise fees, preferred marketing arrangements, approved supplier programs and event-based revenue from training and other programs.	

Annual Dues
The activity in the Company’s deferred revenue for annual dues is included in “Deferred revenue” and “Deferred revenue, net of current portion” on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets, and consists of the following in aggregate (in thousands):

	    	Balance at
beginning of period	    	New billings	    	Revenue recognized(a)	    	Balance at end
of period	
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2020		$	15,982		$	24,840		$	(26,304)		$	14,518	

(a)	Revenue recognized related to the beginning balance was $2.4 million and $13.7 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020, respectively.	
Franchise Sales
The activity in the Company’s franchise sales deferred revenue accounts consists of the following (in thousands):

	    	Balance at
beginning of period	    	New billings	    	Revenue recognized(a)	    	Balance at end
of period	
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2020		$	25,884		$	6,029		$	(7,130)		$	24,783	

(a)	Revenue recognized related to the beginning balance was $2.0 million and $6.6 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020, respectively.	
Commissions Related to Franchise Sales
Commissions paid on franchise sales are recognized as an asset and amortized over the contract life of the franchise agreement. The activity in the Company’s capitalized contract costs for commissions (which are included in “other current assets” and “other assets, net of current portion” on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets) consist of the following (in thousands):

		Balance at		Expense		Additions to contract		Balance at end	
	    	beginning of period	    	recognized	    	cost for new activity	    	of period	
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2020		$	3,578		$	(1,076)		$	1,142		$	3,644	

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Disaggregated Revenue
In the following table, segment revenue is disaggregated by geographical area (in thousands):

		Three Months Ended		Nine Months Ended	
		September 30, 		September 30, 	
		2020		2019		2020		2019	
U.S.		$	42,257		$	42,013		$	114,786		$	125,437	
Canada			5,898			5,886			15,833			17,128	
Global			2,797			3,182			8,609			8,725	
Total RE/MAX Franchising			50,952			51,081			139,228			151,290	
U.S.			15,701			16,163			41,948			49,216	
Canada			1,405			1,644			4,075			5,029	
Global			184			227			554			621	
Total Marketing Funds			17,290			18,034			46,577			54,866	
Motto Franchising (a)			1,906			1,178			4,434			3,167	
Other			925			1,248			3,313			4,777	
Total		$	71,073		$	71,541		$	193,552		$	214,100	

(a)	Revenue from the Motto Franchising segment is derived exclusively within the U.S.	

In the following table, segment revenue is disaggregated by Company-Owned or Independent Regions in the U.S., Canada and Global (in thousands):

		Three Months Ended		Nine Months Ended	
		September 30, 		September 30, 	
		2020		2019		2020		2019	
Company-Owned Regions		$	40,226		$	39,693		$	104,632		$	115,423	
Independent Regions			8,792			8,954			25,357			25,726	
Global and Other			1,934			2,434			9,239			10,141	
Total RE/MAX Franchising			50,952			51,081			139,228			151,290	
Marketing Funds			17,290			18,034			46,577			54,866	
Motto Franchising			1,906			1,178			4,434			3,167	
Other			925			1,248			3,313			4,777	
Total		$	71,073		$	71,541		$	193,552		$	214,100	

Certain items in the table above have been reclassified in the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019 to conform with the current year presentation.
Transaction Price Allocated to the Remaining Performance Obligations
The following table includes estimated revenue by year, excluding certain other immaterial items, expected to be recognized in the future related to performance obligations that are unsatisfied (or partially unsatisfied) at the end of the reporting period (in thousands):

	    	Remainder of 2020	    	2021	    	2022	    	2023	    	2024	    	2025	    	Thereafter	    	Total	
Annual dues		$	6,500		$	8,018		$	—		$	—		$	—		$	—		$	—		$	14,518	
Franchise sales			1,846			6,572			5,230			3,831			2,555			1,350			3,399			24,783	
Total		$	8,346		$	14,590		$	5,230		$	3,831		$	2,555		$	1,350		$	3,399		$	39,301	

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Cash, Cash Equivalents and Restricted Cash
All cash held by the Marketing Funds is contractually restricted. The following table reconciles the amounts presented for cash, both unrestricted and restricted, in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets to the amounts presented in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows (in thousands):

		September 30, 		December 31,	
	    	2020		2019	
Cash and cash equivalents		$	89,135		$	83,001	
Restricted cash			15,635			20,600	
Total cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash		$	104,770		$	103,601	

Services Provided to the Marketing Funds by RE/MAX Franchising
RE/MAX Franchising charges the Marketing Funds for various services it performs. These services primarily comprise (a) building and maintaining agent marketing technology, including customer relationship management tools, the remax.com website, agent, office and team websites, and mobile apps, (b) dedicated employees focused on marketing campaigns, and (c) various administrative services including customer support of technology, accounting and legal. Because these costs are ultimately paid by the Marketing Funds, they do not impact the net income of Holdings as the Marketing Funds have no reported net income.
Costs charged from RE/MAX Franchising to the Marketing Funds are as follows (in thousands):

		Three Months Ended		Nine Months Ended		
		September 30, 		September 30, 		
		2020		2019		2020		2019		
Technology development - operating		$	2,721		$	1,523		$	9,414		$	3,687		
Technology development - capital			104			1,420			864			3,884		
Marketing staff and administrative services			988			589			3,199			2,638		
Total		$	3,813		$	3,532		$	13,477		$	10,209		

Leases
The Company leases corporate offices, a distribution center, billboards and certain equipment. As all franchisees are independently owned and operated, there are no leases recognized for any offices used by the Company’s franchisees. All of the Company’s material leases are classified as operating leases.
The Company acts as the lessor for four sublease agreements on its corporate headquarters, consisting solely of operating leases.
The Company has made an accounting policy election not to recognize right-of-use (“ROU”) assets and lease liabilities that arise from any of its short-term leases. All leases with a term of 12 months or less at commencement, for which the Company is not reasonably certain to exercise available renewal options that would extend the lease term past 12 months, will be recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term.
During the third quarter of 2020, the Company began executing on a plan to both refresh its corporate headquarters and sublease space made available through the refresh. As a result, the Company changed its asset grouping for its headquarters ROU asset to separate the portion that it intends to sublease from the portion it will continue to occupy and performed an impairment test on the portion it intends to sublease. Based on a comparison of undiscounted cash flows to the ROU asset, the Company determined that the asset was impaired, driven largely by the difference between the existing lease rate on the Company’s corporate headquarters and expected sublease rates available in the market. This resulted in an impairment charge of $7.9 million, which reflects the excess of the ROU asset over its fair value.
Recently Adopted Accounting Pronouncements
In August 2018, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU“) 2018-15, Intangibles – Goodwill and Other Internal-Use Software (Subtopic 350-40): Customer’s Accounting for
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Implementation Costs Incurred in a Cloud Computing Arrangement that is a Service Contract, which clarifies that implementation costs incurred by customers in cloud computing arrangements are deferred if they would be capitalized by customers in the software licensing arrangements under the internal-use software guidance. ASU 2018-15 also clarifies that any capitalized costs should not be recorded to “Depreciation and amortization” in the Consolidated Statements of Income. The Company adopted this standard effective January 1, 2020 prospectively to all new implementation costs incurred after adoption. The amendments of ASU 2018-15 did not have a significant impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.
In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-13, Fair Value Measurement (Topic 820), which eliminates certain disclosure requirements for fair value measurements and requires new or modified disclosures. ASU 2018-13 became effective for the Company on January 1, 2020. This new guidance was applied on a prospective basis. The amendments of ASU 2018-13 did not have a significant impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.
In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-13, Financial Instruments – Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments, which requires earlier recognition of credit losses on loans, held-to-maturity securities, and certain other financial assets. ASU 2016-13 replaces the current incurred loss model with a model requiring entities to estimate expected credit losses over the life of the financial instrument based on both historical information as well as reasonable and supportable forecasts. The FASB requires entities to use a modified retrospective transition approach, in which an adjustment is made to beginning retained earnings for the cumulative effect of adopting the standard. ASU 2016-13 became effective for the Company on January 1, 2020. The standard had an immaterial effect on the Company’s credit losses at transition and no adjustment to retained earnings was required. All periods presented for comparative purposes prior to the adoption date of this standard were not adjusted.
New Accounting Pronouncements Not Yet Adopted
In March 2020, the FASB issued ASU 2020-04, Reference Rate Reform (Topic 848), which contains temporary optional expedients and exceptions to the guidance in U.S. GAAP on contract modifications and hedge accounting to ease the financial reporting burdens related to the expected market transition from the London Interbank Offered Rate (“LIBOR”) to alternative reference rates, such as the Secured Overnight Financing Rate (“SOFR”). The new guidance is effective upon issuance and may be adopted on any date on or after March 12, 2020. The relief is temporary and only available until December 31, 2022, when the reference rate replacement activity is expected to have completed. The Company believes the amendments of ASU 2020-04 will not have a significant impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements and related disclosures as the Company does not currently engage in interest rate hedging of its LIBOR based debt, nor does it believe it has any material contracts tied to LIBOR other than its Senior Secured Credit Agreement, as defined in Note 8, Debt.
3. Non-controlling Interest
Holdings is the sole managing member of RMCO and operates and controls all of the business affairs of RMCO. The ownership of the common units in RMCO is summarized as follows:

		September 30, 2020		December 31, 2019		
	    	Shares	    	Ownership %	    	Shares	    	Ownership %	 	
Non-controlling interest ownership of common units in RMCO		12,559,600		40.6	%  	12,559,600		41.3	%	
Holdings outstanding Class A common stock (equal to Holdings common units in RMCO)		18,372,134		59.4	%  	17,838,233		58.7	%	
Total common units in RMCO		30,931,734		100.0	%  	30,397,833		100.0	%	

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The weighted average ownership percentages for the applicable reporting periods are used to calculate the “Net income attributable to RE/MAX Holdings, Inc.” A reconciliation of “Income before provision for income taxes” to “Net Income attributable to RE/MAX Holdings, Inc.” and “Net Income attributable to non-controlling interest” in the accompanying Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income for the periods indicated is detailed as follows (in thousands, except percentages):

	Three Months Ended September 30, 		
	2020		2019		
    	RE/MAX
Holdings,
Inc.	    	Non-controlling
interest	    	Total	    	RE/MAX
Holdings,
Inc.	    	Non-controlling
interest	    	Total		
Weighted average ownership percentage of RMCO(a)		59.2	%  		40.8	%  		100.0	%  		58.7	%  		41.3	%  		100.0	%	
Income before provision for income taxes(a)	$	5,142		$	3,633		$	8,775		$	12,152		$	8,565		$	20,717		
Provision for income taxes(b)(c)		(1,589)			(462)			(2,051)			(2,979)			(474)			(3,453)		
Net income	$	3,553		$	3,171		$	6,724		$	9,173		$	8,091		$	17,264		
																			
	Nine Months Ended September 30, 		
	2020		2019		
	RE/MAX
Holdings,
Inc.		Non-controlling
interest		Total		RE/MAX
Holdings,
Inc.		Non-controlling
interest		Total		
Weighted average ownership percentage of RMCO(a)		59.0	%		41.0	%		100.0	%		58.6	%		41.4	%		100.0	%	
Income before provision for income taxes(a)	$	14,589		$	9,896		$	24,485		$	29,438		$	20,763		$	50,201		
Provision for income taxes(b)(c)		(4,916)			(1,631)			(6,547)			(7,286)			(1,261)			(8,547)		
Net income	$	9,673		$	8,265		$	17,938		$	22,152		$	19,502		$	41,654		
																			
(a)	The weighted average ownership percentage of RMCO differs from the allocation of income before provision for income taxes between RE/MAX Holdings and the non-controlling interest due to certain relatively insignificant items recorded at RE/MAX Holdings.	
(b)	The provision for income taxes attributable to Holdings is primarily comprised of U.S. federal and state income taxes on its proportionate share of the flow-through income from RMCO. It also includes Holdings’ share of taxes directly incurred by RMCO and its subsidiaries, related primarily to tax liabilities in certain foreign jurisdictions.	
(c)	The provision for income taxes attributable to the non-controlling interest represents its share of taxes related primarily to tax liabilities in certain foreign jurisdictions directly incurred by RMCO or its subsidiaries. Otherwise, because RMCO is a flow-through entity, there is no U.S. federal and state income tax provision recorded on the non-controlling interest.	

Distributions and Other Payments to Non-controlling Unitholders
Under the terms of RMCO’s limited liability company operating agreement, RMCO makes cash distributions to non-controlling unitholders on a pro-rata basis. The distributions paid or payable to non-controlling unitholders are summarized as follows (in thousands):

	Nine Months Ended	
	September 30, 	
	2020		2019		
Tax and other distributions	$	2,277		$	3,547		
Dividend distributions		8,289			7,913		
Total distributions to non-controlling unitholders	$	10,566		$	11,460		

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4. Earnings Per Share and Dividends
Earnings Per Share
The following is a reconciliation of the numerator and denominator used in the basic and diluted EPS calculations (in thousands, except shares and per share information):

		Three Months Ended		Nine Months Ended	
		September 30, 		September 30, 	
		2020		2019		2020		2019	
Numerator													
Net income attributable to RE/MAX Holdings, Inc.		$	3,553		$	9,173		$	9,673		$	22,152	
Denominator for basic net income per share of Class A common stock													
Weighted average shares of Class A common stock outstanding			18,196,454			17,826,332			18,098,227			17,803,708	
Denominator for diluted net income per share of Class A common stock													
Weighted average shares of Class A common stock outstanding			18,196,454			17,826,332			18,098,227			17,803,708	
Add dilutive effect of the following:													
Restricted stock			171,597			13,826			84,629			27,234	
Weighted average shares of Class A common stock outstanding, diluted			18,368,051			17,840,158			18,182,856			17,830,942	
Earnings per share of Class A common stock													
Net income attributable to RE/MAX Holdings, Inc. per share of Class A common stock, basic		$	0.20		$	0.51		$	0.53		$	1.24	
Net income attributable to RE/MAX Holdings, Inc. per share of Class A common stock, diluted		$	0.19		$	0.51		$	0.53		$	1.24	

Outstanding Class B common stock does not share in the earnings of Holdings and is therefore not a participating security. Accordingly, basic and diluted net income per share of Class B common stock has not been presented.
Dividends
Dividends declared and paid during each quarter ended per share on all outstanding shares of Class A common stock were as follows (in thousands, except per share information):

		Nine Months Ended September 30, 	
		2020		2019	
Quarter end declared	    	Date paid	    	Per share	    	Amount paid
to Class A
stockholders	    	Amount paid
to non-controlling
unitholders	    	Date paid	    	Per share	    	Amount paid
to Class A
stockholders	    	Amount paid
to non-controlling
unitholders	
March 31		March 18, 2020		$	0.22		$	3,986		$	2,763		March 20, 2019		$	0.21		$	3,740		$	2,638	
June 30		June 2, 2020			0.22			3,987			2,763		May 29, 2019			0.21			3,739			2,637	
September 30		September 2, 2020			0.22			3,988			2,763		August 28, 2019			0.21			3,745			2,638	
				$	0.66		$	11,961		$	8,289				$	0.63		$	11,224		$	7,913	

On November 4, 2020, the Company’s Board of Directors declared a quarterly dividend of $0.22 per share on all outstanding shares of Class A common stock, which is payable on December 2, 2020 to stockholders of record at the close of business on November 18, 2020.
5. Acquisitions
Technology Acquisitions
On September 10, 2020, the Company acquired The Gadberry Group, LLC (“Gadberry”) for $4.6 million in cash, net of cash acquired, and $5.5 million in Class A common stock, plus approximately $9.9 million of equity-based compensation, which will be accounted for as compensation expense in the future over two to three years (see Note 11, Equity-Based Compensation for additional information). In addition, the Company recorded a contingent consideration liability in connection with the purchase of Gadberry, which had an acquisition date fair value of $0.9 million, measured at the present value of the probability weighted consideration expected to be transferred. Gadberry is a location intelligence data company whose products have been instrumental in the success of the Company’s consumer website, www.remax.com. Founded in 2000, Gadberry specializes in building products that help clients solve geospatial
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challenges through location data. Gadberry plans to expand its non-RE/MAX clients while maintaining their contributions to the RE/MAX technology offering.

On August 25, 2020, the Company acquired Wemlo, Inc. (“wemlo”) for $6.1 million in cash, net of cash acquired, and $3.3 million in Class A in common stock, plus approximately $6.7 million of equity-based compensation, which will be accounted for as compensation expense in the future over three years (see Note 11, Equity-Based Compensation for additional information). Wemlo is a fintech company that has developed its cloud service for mortgage brokers, combining third-party loan processing services with an all-in-one digital platform.

The total purchase price was allocated to the assets and liabilities acquired based on their preliminary estimated fair values. The Company recorded $14.4 million in goodwill, of which approximately 50% is deductible for tax purposes, and $6.3 million in other intangibles as a result of these acquisitions.

Marketing Funds
On January 1, 2019, the Company acquired all of the regional and pan-regional advertising fund entities previously owned by its founder and Chairman of the Board of Directors, David Liniger, for a nominal amount. As in the past, the Marketing Funds are contractually obligated to use the funds collected to support both regional and pan-regional marketing campaigns designed to build and maintain brand awareness and to support the Company’s agent marketing technology. The acquisitions of the Marketing Funds were part of the Company’s succession plan, and ownership of the Marketing Funds by the franchisor is a common structure. Expenses incurred with the acquisition of the Marketing Funds were not material.
The total assets equal the total liabilities of the Marketing Funds and beginning January 1, 2019, are reflected in the condensed consolidated financial statements of the Company. The following table summarizes the Company’s allocation of the purchase price to the fair value of assets acquired and liabilities assumed (in thousands):

Restricted cash		$	28,495	
Other current assets			8,472	
Property and equipment			788	
Other assets, net of current portion			126	
Total assets acquired			37,881	
Other current liabilities			37,881	
Total liabilities assumed			37,881	
Total acquisition price		$	-	

The Company finalized its accounting for the acquisition of the Marketing Funds during the three months ended June 30, 2019. The Marketing Funds constitutes a business and was accounted for using the fair value acquisition method. The total purchase price was allocated to the assets acquired based on their estimated fair values.

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6. Intangible Assets and Goodwill
The following table provides the components of the Company’s intangible assets (in thousands, except weighted average amortization period in years):

		Weighted	    			    			    			    			    			    			
		Average		As of September 30, 2020		As of December 31, 2019	
		Amortization		Initial		Accumulated		Net		Initial		Accumulated		Net	
		Period		Cost		Amortization		Balance		Cost		Amortization		Balance	
Franchise agreements		12.5		$	180,867		$	(104,802)		$	76,065		$	180,867		$	(93,197)		$	87,670	
Other intangible assets:																					
Software (a)		4.4		$	42,251		$	(15,952)		$	26,299		$	36,680		$	(9,653)		$	27,027	
Trademarks		8.3			2,311			(1,204)			1,107			1,904			(1,037)			867	
Non-compete agreements		4.4			3,920			(2,479)			1,441			3,700			(1,546)			2,154	
Training materials		5.0			2,400			(1,000)			1,400			2,400			(640)			1,760	
Other		3.8			1,670			(493)			1,177			800			(293)			507	
Total other intangible assets		4.6		$	52,552		$	(21,128)		$	31,424		$	45,484		$	(13,169)		$	32,315	

(a)	As of September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, capitalized software development costs of $0.8 million and $10.5 million, respectively, were related to technology projects not yet complete and ready for their intended use and thus were not subject to amortization.	
Amortization expense was $6.4 million and $5.2 million for the three months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively, and $18.3 million and $15.5 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively.
The estimated future amortization expense for the next five years related to intangible assets is as follows (in thousands):

As of September 30, 2020:			
Remainder of 2020	$	7,271	
2021		27,622	
2022		21,004	
2023		16,817	
2024		14,150	
Thereafter		20,625	
	$	107,489	

The following table presents changes to goodwill (in thousands), by segment:

	RE/MAX
Franchising		Motto Franchising	    	Other	    	Total	
Balance, January 1, 2020	$	147,238		$	11,800		$	—		$	159,038	
Goodwill recognized from acquisitions		2,926			6,837			7,586			17,349	
Effect of changes in foreign currency exchange rates		(85)			—			—			(85)	
Balance, September 30, 2020	$	150,079		$	18,637		$	7,586		$	176,302	

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7. Accrued Liabilities
Accrued liabilities consist of the following (in thousands):

		September 30, 		December 31, 	
		2020		2019	
Marketing Funds (a)		$	41,709		$	39,672	
Accrued payroll and related employee costs			3,443			11,900	
Accrued taxes			1,833			2,451	
Accrued professional fees			1,895			2,047	
Other			3,193			4,093	
		$	52,073		$	60,163	
							
(a)	Consists primarily of liabilities recognized to reflect the contractual restriction that all funds collected in the Marketing Funds must be spent for designated purposes. See Note 2, Summary of Significant Accounting Policies for additional information.	

8. Debt
Debt, net of current portion, consists of the following (in thousands):

		September 30, 	    	December 31, 	
		2020		2019	
Senior Secured Credit Facility		$	225,600		$	227,363	
Other long-term financing(a)			139			362	
Less unamortized debt issuance costs			(957)			(1,182)	
Less unamortized debt discount costs			(699)			(862)	
Less current portion(a)			(2,489)			(2,648)	
		$	221,594		$	223,033	
							
(a)	Includes financing assumed with the acquisition of booj. As of September 30, 2020, the carrying value of this financing approximates the fair value.	
Maturities of debt are as follows (in thousands):

As of September 30, 2020	    			
Remainder of 2020		$	663	
2021			2,414	
2022			2,350	
2023			220,312	
		$	225,739	

Senior Secured Credit Facility
In July 2013, the Company entered into a credit agreement with several lenders and administered by a bank, referred to herein as the “2013 Senior Secured Credit Facility.” In December 2016, the 2013 Senior Secured Credit Facility was amended and restated, referred to herein as the “Senior Secured Credit Facility.” The Senior Secured Credit Facility consists of a $235.0 million term loan facility which matures on December 15, 2023 and a $10.0 million revolving loan facility for which any loans outstanding must be repaid on December 15, 2021. As of September 30, 2020, the Company had no revolving loans outstanding under its Senior Secured Credit Facility. As of September 30, 2020, the interest rate on the term loan facility was 3.50%.
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9. Fair Value Measurements
Fair value is a market-based measurement that is determined based on assumptions that market participants would use in pricing an asset or liability. As a basis for considering assumptions, the Company follows a three-tier fair value hierarchy, which is described in detail in the 2019 Annual Report on Form 10-K.
A summary of the Company’s liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis is as follows (in thousands):

		September 30, 2020		December 31, 2019	
	    	Fair Value	    	Level 1	    	Level 2	    	Level 3		Fair Value	    	Level 1	    	Level 2	    	Level 3	
Liabilities																									
Contingent consideration		$	5,830		$	—		$	—		$	5,830		$	5,005		$	—		$	—		$	5,005	

The Company is required to pay additional purchase consideration totaling 8% of gross receipts collected by Motto each year (the “Revenue Share Year”) through September 30, 2026, with no limitation as to the maximum payout. The fair value of the contingent purchase consideration represents the forecasted discounted cash payments that the Company expects to pay. Increases or decreases in the fair value of the contingent purchase consideration can result from changes in discount rates as well as the timing and amount of forecasted revenues. The forecasted revenue growth assumption that is most sensitive is the assumed franchise sales count for which the forecast assumes between 60-80 franchises sold annually, with a weighted average of approximately 75. The model also assumes a discount rate of approximately 15%. A 10% reduction in the number of franchise sales would decrease the liability by $0.2 million. A 1% change to the discount rate applied to the forecast would change the liability by approximately $0.1 million. As of September 30, 2020, contingent consideration also includes an amount recognized in connection with the acquisition of Gadberry (see Note 5, Acquisitions for more information on this acquisition).
The Company measures these contingent consideration liabilities each reporting period and recognizes changes in fair value, if any, in “Selling, operating and administrative expenses” in the accompanying Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income and recorded as a component of “Accrued liabilities” and “Other liabilities, net of current portion” in the accompanying Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets.
The table below presents a reconciliation of this liability (in thousands):

		Total	
Balance at January 1, 2020		$	5,005	
Fair value adjustments			(105)	
Acquisitions - Gadberry			930	
Balance at September 30, 2020		$	5,830	

The following table summarizes the carrying value and fair value of the Senior Secured Credit Facility (in thousands):

	    	September 30, 2020		December 31, 2019	
		Carrying
Amount	    	Fair Value
Level 2	    	Carrying
Amount	    	Fair Value
Level 2	
Senior Secured Credit Facility		$	223,944		$	222,216		$	225,319		$	227,363	

10. Income Taxes

The “Provision for income taxes” in the accompanying Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income is based on an estimate of the Company’s annualized effective income tax rate.
On March 27, 2020, the Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security (“CARES”) Act was enacted which includes several significant business tax provisions. The Company recognized the effect of this change in tax law during the first quarter, which was not significant. The CARES Act provides a five-year carryback of net operating losses generated in tax years beginning after December 31, 2017 and before January 1, 2020. Based upon this change in law, any 2020 tax loss, if realized, will be able to be carried back five years.
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11. Equity-Based Compensation
Employee equity-based compensation expense, net of the amount capitalized in internally developed software, is as follows (in thousands):

		Three Months Ended		Nine Months Ended	
		September 30, 		September 30, 	
	    	2020	    	2019	    	2020	    	2019	
Expense from time-based awards (a)		$	3,040		$	1,883		$	7,535		$	5,846	
Expense from performance-based awards (a)(b)			374			(3,582)			844			(3,332)	
Expense from bonus to be settled in shares (c)			—			687			—			2,505	
Equity-based compensation capitalized			—			25			(32)			(159)	
Equity-based compensation expense		$	3,414		$	(987)		$	8,347		$	4,860	
													
	(a)	Includes awards granted to booj, First, wemlo and Gadberry employees and former owners at the time of acquisition.	
	(b)	Expense recognized for performance-based awards is re-assessed each quarter based on expectations of achievement against the performance conditions. The Company granted certain performance awards to booj employees that were modified in September 2019 to extend the due date resulting in a significant reversal of expense in the third quarter of 2019. These awards substantially vested on December 31, 2019 and have no comparable amounts in 2020.	
	(c)	In 2019, the Company revised its annual bonus plan so that a portion of the bonus for most employees would be settled in shares if the Company met certain performance metrics. The Company eliminated the 2020 corporate bonus plan as part of cost savings measures in connection with the COVID-19 pandemic.	
Time-based Restricted Stock
The following table summarizes equity-based compensation activity related to time-based restricted stock units and restricted stock awards:

	    	Shares	    	Weighted average
grant date fair
value per share	
Balance, January 1, 2020		455,452		$	46.15	
Granted		769,750		$	33.05	
Shares vested (including tax withholding) (a)		(163,028)		$	45.58	
Forfeited		(14,778)		$	37.20	
Balance, September 30, 2020		1,047,396		$	36.73	
						
	(a)	Pursuant to the terms of the RE/MAX Holdings, Inc. 2013 Omnibus Incentive Plan, shares withheld by the Company for the payment of the employee's tax withholding related to shares vesting are added back to the pool of shares available for future awards.	
As of September 30, 2020, there was $30.0 million of total unrecognized expense, all of which is related to unvested awards, which is expected to be recognized over the weighted-average remaining vesting period of 2.2 years.
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Performance-based Restricted Stock
The following table summarizes equity-based compensation activity related to performance-based restricted stock units:

	    	Shares	    	Weighted average
grant date fair
value per share	
Balance, January 1, 2020		139,964		$	45.31	
Granted		205,188		$	28.34	
Shares vested (including tax withholding) (a)		(6,331)		$	38.49	
Forfeited		(8,629)		$	39.77	
Balance, September 30, 2020		330,192		$	35.04	
						
(a)	Represents the total participant target award.	
As of September 30, 2020, there was $2.9 million of total unrecognized expense, all of which is related to unvested awards, which is expected to be recognized over the weighted-average remaining vesting period of 2.0 years.
12. Commitments and Contingencies
In March 2019, a putative class action complaint was filed that, as amended, brings claims against National Association of Realtors (“NAR”), Realogy Holdings Corp., HomeServices of America, Inc, RE/MAX, LLC, and Keller Williams Realty, Inc by plaintiff Christopher Moehrl in the Northern District of Illinois. The Company has since been named as a defendant in other cases that make similar allegations and seek similar relief. For convenience all of these lawsuits are collectively referred to as the “Moehrl-related suits.” The plaintiffs in the Moehrl-related suits allege that a NAR rule requires brokers to make a blanket, non-negotiable offer of buyer broker compensation when listing a property, and that this results in inflated costs to buyers and/or sellers in violation of antitrust and other federal and state laws. Some actions allege that buyer brokers steered their clients toward listings offering those brokers higher compensation. The Moehrl-related suits further allege that the Company and other franchisor defendants use their agreements with franchisees to require them to follow the NAR rule. Plaintiffs seek damages from the defendants and an injunction against defendants requiring sellers to pay the buyer broker. The Company intends to vigorously defend against all of these claims. The Company may become involved in additional litigation or other legal proceedings concerning the same or similar allegations.
13. Segment Information

The Company operates under the following four operating segments: RE/MAX Franchising, Motto Franchising, Marketing Funds and booj. Due to quantitative insignificance, the booj operating segment does not meet the criteria of a reportable segment and is included in “Other”. Motto Franchising does not meet the quantitative significance test; however, management has chosen to report results for the segment as it believes it will be a key driver of future success for Holdings. Management evaluates the operating results of its segments based upon revenue and adjusted earnings before interest, the provision for income taxes, depreciation and amortization and other non-cash and non-recurring cash charges or other items (“Adjusted EBITDA”). The Company’s presentation of Adjusted EBITDA may not be comparable to similar measures used by other companies. Except for the adjustments identified below in arriving at Adjusted EBITDA, the accounting policies of the reportable segments are the same as those described in the Company’s 2019 Annual Report on Form 10-K.
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The following table presents revenue from external customers by segment (in thousands):

													
		Three Months Ended		Nine Months Ended	
		September 30, 		September 30, 	
		2020		2019		2020		2019	
Continuing franchise fees (a)		$	22,799		$	24,096		$	61,471		$	72,191	
Annual dues			8,638			8,835			26,304			26,508	
Broker fees			15,457			13,292			35,327			35,339	
Franchise sales and other revenue			4,058			4,858			16,126			17,252	
Total RE/MAX Franchising			50,952			51,081			139,228			151,290	
Continuing franchise fees			1,540			1,072			3,749			2,827	
Franchise sales and other revenue			366			106			685			340	
Total Motto Franchising			1,906			1,178			4,434			3,167	
Marketing Funds fees (a)			17,290			18,034			46,577			54,866	
Other			925			1,248			3,313			4,777	
Total revenue		$	71,073		$	71,541		$	193,552		$	214,100	

(a)	For the Nine Months ended September 30, 2020, Continuing franchise fees and Marketing Funds fees declined primarily due to the temporary COVID-19 related financial support programs offered to franchisees.	

The following table presents a reconciliation of Adjusted EBITDA by segment to income before provision for income taxes (in thousands):
													
		Three Months Ended		Nine Months Ended	
		September 30, 		September 30, 	
		2020		2019		2020		2019	
Adjusted EBITDA: RE/MAX Franchising		$	30,959		$	29,134		$	71,008		$	83,299	
Adjusted EBITDA: Motto Franchising			(176)			(652)			(1,495)			(2,112)	
Adjusted EBITDA: Other			(448)			(324)			(730)			(157)	
Adjusted EBITDA: Consolidated			30,335			28,158			68,783			81,030	
Gain (loss) on sale or disposition of assets			11			10			33			(353)	
Impairment charge - leased assets (a)			(7,902)			—			(7,902)			—	
Equity-based compensation expense			(3,414)			987			(8,347)			(4,860)	
Acquisition-related expense (b)			(1,021)			(181)			(1,915)			(268)	
Fair value adjustments to contingent consideration (c)			(250)			15			105			(330)	
Interest income			25			412			328			1,074	
Interest expense			(2,159)			(3,089)			(7,028)			(9,398)	
Depreciation and amortization			(6,850)			(5,595)			(19,572)			(16,694)	
Income before provision for income taxes		$	8,775		$	20,717		$	24,485		$	50,201	
													
(a)	Represents the impairment recognized on a portion of the Company’s corporate headquarters office building. See Note 2, Summary of Significant Accounting Policies for additional information.	
(b)	Acquisition-related expense includes personnel, legal, accounting, advisory and consulting fees incurred in connection with the acquisition and integration of acquired companies.	
(c)	Fair value adjustments to contingent consideration include amounts recognized for changes in the estimated fair value of the contingent consideration liabilities. See Note 9, Fair Value Measurements for additional information.	

(a)		

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Item 2.
MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS
OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
 
The following discussion and analysis should be read in conjunction with our condensed consolidated financial statements (“financial statements”) and accompanying notes included in Item 1 of Part I of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and with our audited consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes included in our most recent Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2019 (“2019 Annual Report on Form 10-K”).
This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q contains “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933 and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”). These statements are often identified by the use of words such as “believe,” “intend,” “expect,” “estimate,” “plan,” “outlook,” “project,” “anticipate,” “may,” “will,” “would” and other similar words and expressions that predict or indicate future events or trends that are not statements of historical matters. Forward-looking statements include statements related to: agent count; franchise sales; the impact of the global coronavirus (“COVID-19”) pandemic on our results of operations, financial condition, liquidity and business, including agent count, revenues, expenses, operations, goodwill, income taxes and allowance for doubtful accounts; support that we offered to our franchisees, its effectiveness, and the implication of this support (or future support) to our revenue; our business model, revenue streams, cost structure, balance sheet, and financial flexibility; management of expenses and capital expenditures in response to the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic, including the amounts and timing of anticipated reductions; revenue; operating expenses; financial outlook; our plans regarding dividends; non-GAAP financial measures; housing and mortgage market condition and trends; economic and demographic trends; competition; the anticipated benefits our technology initiatives; our anticipated sources and uses of liquidity including for potential acquisitions; and our strategic and operating plans and business models including our plans to re-invest in our business.
Forward-looking statements should not be read as a guarantee of future performance or results and will not necessarily accurately indicate the times at which such performance or results may be achieved. Forward-looking statements are based on information available at the time those statements are made and/or management’s good faith belief as of that time with respect to future events and are subject to risks and uncertainties that could cause actual performance or results to differ materiality from those expressed in or suggested by the forward-looking statements. Factors that could cause or contribute to such differences include, but are not limited to, those identified herein, and those discussed in the section titled “Risk Factors,” set forth in Part II, Item 1A of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and in Part I, Item 1A of our 2019 Annual Report on Form 10-K. Readers are cautioned not to place undue reliance on forward-looking statements, which speak only as of the date of this report. Except as required by law, we do not intend, and we undertake no obligation to update any forward-looking statements to reflect events or circumstances after the date of such statements.
The results of operations discussed in this “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” are those of RE/MAX Holdings, Inc. (“Holdings”) and its consolidated subsidiaries, including RMCO, LLC and its consolidated subsidiaries (“RMCO”), collectively, the “Company,” “we,” “our” or “us.”
Business Overview
We are one of the world’s leading franchisors in the real estate industry, franchising real estate brokerages globally under the RE/MAX brand (“RE/MAX”) and mortgage brokerages within the U.S. under the Motto Mortgage brand (“Motto”). RE/MAX and Motto are 100% franchised – we do not own any of the brokerages that operate under these brands. Although we partner with our franchisees to assist them in growing their brokerages, they fund the cost of developing their businesses. As a result, we maintain a low fixed-cost structure, which combined with our recurring, fee-based models, enables us to capitalize on the economic benefits of the franchising model, yielding high margins and significant cash flow.
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Impacts of COVID-19
The global economy and our business have been dramatically affected by the COVID-19 pandemic. We continue to monitor its impact on all aspects of our business. Our priority, with regard to COVID-19, continues to be the safety, health and well-being of our employees, networks, consumers and others with whom we partner in our business activities to continue our operations in this unprecedented environment.
Revenue impacts
The COVID-19 pandemic significantly slowed the amount of homebuying, selling and borrowing activity in the second quarter. After year-over-year transaction declines in April and May that averaged nearly 30% in Company-Owned Regions, the market improved significantly during the third quarter, with an average year-over-year transaction growth of approximately 10%.
In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, during the second quarter we offered our RE/MAX franchisees in Company-Owned Regions in the U.S. and Canada and our Motto Mortgage franchisees temporary financial relief options to support their businesses, which resulted in reductions of Continuing franchise fees and Marketing Funds fees of $7.0 million and $4.9 million in the second quarter, respectively. All North American relief programs ended in the second quarter, although small amounts continued into the third quarter for our global regions. At this time, we do not plan to offer further financial relief programs.
Expense and cash flow impacts
We also implemented a cost mitigation plan that included the elimination of the 2020 corporate bonus plan, the temporary suspension of the 401(k) match, travel and events, and the implementation of a hiring freeze. We deferred $3.3 million of capital expenditures originally expected to be incurred during the year and chose to defer payments pursuant to our Tax Receivable Agreements (“TRAs”) to later in the year upon final completion of our federal income tax returns.
Financial and Operational Highlights – Three Months Ended September 30, 2020
(Compared to the three months ended September 30, 2019, unless otherwise noted)

	●	Acquired The Gadberry Group, LLC (“Gadberry”), a location intelligence data company and Wemlo, Inc. (“wemlo”), a fintech company that provides third-party mortgage loan processing services through its “Service Cloud” for mortgage brokers, combining third-party loan processing with an all-in-one digital platform.	
	●	Total agent count grew by 5.1% to 134,769 agents.	
	●	U.S. and Canada combined agent count decreased 0.3% to 83,802 agents.	
	●	Total open Motto Mortgage franchises increased 27.9% to 133 offices.	
	●	Revenue of $71.1 million, down 0.7% from the prior year.	
	●	Net income attributable to RE/MAX Holdings, Inc. of $3.6 million.	
	●	Adjusted EBITDA of $30.3 million and Adjusted EBITDA margin of 42.7% compared to Adjusted EBITDA of $28.2 million and Adjusted EBITDA margin of 39.4% from the prior year.	
Execution of our strategy, and continued investment in our business alongside rebounding U.S. housing and mortgage markets helped our business recover quickly from coronavirus-related declines experienced in the second quarter of 2020. We were encouraged by the sequential increases in our key metrics of agent count, particularly in Company-owned regions, and Motto Mortgage franchise sales.
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We continued to invest for long-term growth and completed the acquisitions of wemlo and Gadberry during the third quarter of 2020. The strategic acquisitions of wemlo and Gadberry tie directly into our strategy of adding value for the RE/MAX and Motto Mortgage networks while broadening and diversifying our revenue and growth opportunities. These acquisitions benefit our networks, strengthen our technology and data core, and create additional commercial possibilities. We are already investing in wemlo and Gadberry and currently expect these two acquisitions to adversely impact Adjusted EBITDA in a range of $1.0 million to $1.5 million in the fourth quarter of 2020 and become accretive in 2022.
Selected Operating and Financial Highlights
For comparability purposes, the following tables set forth our agent count, Motto open offices, franchise sales and results of operations for the periods presented in our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, as well as our agent count for the periods ended October 31, 2020 and October 31, 2019. The period-to-period comparison of agent count, Motto open offices, franchise sales and financial results is not necessarily indicative of future performance.

		As of October 31,		Change			As of September 30, 		Change		
		2020		2019		%			2020		2019		%		
Total agent count growth			5.9	%  		3.5	%  					5.1	%  		3.5	%  			
																			
Agent Count:																			
U.S.			62,403			62,675		(0.4)	%			62,304			62,548		(0.4)	%	
Canada			21,710			21,571		0.6	%			21,498			21,519		(0.1)	%	
U.S. and Canada Total			84,113			84,246		(0.2)	%			83,802			84,067		(0.3)	%	
Outside U.S. and Canada			52,109			44,426		17.3	%			50,967			44,191		15.3	%	
Network-wide agent count			136,222			128,672		5.9	%			134,769			128,258		5.1	%	
																			
Motto open offices (2)			134			106		26.4	%			133			104		27.9	%	
																			
											Nine Months Ended				
											September 30, 				
											2020		2019				
RE/MAX franchise sales (1)												633			651		(2.8)	%	
Motto franchise sales (2)												47			29		62.1	%	
																			
(1)	Includes franchise sales in the U.S., Canada and global regions.	
(2)	Excludes virtual offices and branchises.	

		Three Months Ended		Nine Months Ended		
		September 30, 		September 30, 		
		2020	    	2019		2020		2019		
Total revenue		$	71,073		$	71,541		$	193,552		$	214,100		
Total selling, operating and administrative expenses		$	28,216		$	24,468		$	88,241		$	84,081		
Operating income		$	10,815		$	23,444		$	31,260		$	58,459		
Net income attributable to RE/MAX Holdings, Inc.		$	3,553		$	9,173		$	9,673		$	22,152		
Adjusted EBITDA (1)		$	30,335		$	28,158		$	68,783		$	81,030		
Adjusted EBITDA margin (1)			42.7	%  		39.4	%  		35.5	%  		37.8	%  	
														
(1)	See “—Non-GAAP Financial Measures” for further discussion of Adjusted EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA margin and a reconciliation of the differences between Adjusted EBITDA and net income, which is the most comparable U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“U.S. GAAP”) measure for operating performance. Adjusted EBITDA margin represents Adjusted EBITDA as a percentage of total revenue.	
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Results of Operations
Comparison of the Three Months Ended September 30, 2020 and 2019
Revenue
A summary of the components of our revenue is as follows (in thousands except percentages):

		Three Months Ended		Change		
		September 30, 		Favorable/(Unfavorable)		
		2020		2019		$		%		
Revenue:													
Continuing franchise fees		$	24,339		$	25,168		$	(829)		(3.3)	%	
Annual dues			8,638			8,835			(197)		(2.2)	%	
Broker fees			15,457			13,292			2,165		16.3	%	
Marketing Funds fees			17,290			18,034			(744)		(4.1)	%	
Franchise sales and other revenue			5,349			6,212			(863)		(13.9)	%	
Total revenue		$	71,073		$	71,541		$	(468)		(0.7)	%	

Consolidated revenue decreased primarily due to previously announced agent recruiting initiatives that reduced both Continuing franchise fees and Marketing Funds fees for a limited period of time, partially offset by an increase in Broker fees, incremental revenue from acquisitions and growth of Motto.‌
Continuing Franchise Fees
Revenue from Continuing franchise fees decreased primarily due to previously announced agent recruiting initiatives which waived Continuing franchise fees for a limited period of time partially offset by Motto expansion.
Broker Fees
Revenue from Broker fees increased primarily due to higher total transactions per agent and rising home prices, partially offset by declines in agent count in Company-Owned Regions.
Marketing Funds fees
Revenue from the Marketing Funds fees decreased primarily due to previously announced agent recruiting initiatives which waived Marketing Funds fees for a limited period of time.
Franchise Sales and Other Revenue
Franchise sales and other revenue decreased primarily due to continued attrition of booj’s legacy customer base, lower approved supplier revenue and lower events revenue due to COVID-19, partially offset by incremental revenue from acquisitions. We expect the attrition of the booj legacy customer base to negatively impact the fourth quarter and full year 2020 by approximately $0.5 million and $2.0 million, respectively, as compared to the same period in the prior year.
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Operating Expenses
A summary of the components of our operating expenses is as follows (in thousands, except percentages):

		Three Months Ended		Change		
		September 30, 		Favorable/(Unfavorable)		
		2020		2019		$		%		
Operating expenses:													
Selling, operating and administrative expenses		$	28,216		$	24,468		$	(3,748)		(15.3)	%	
Marketing Funds expenses			17,290			18,034			744		4.1	%	
Depreciation and amortization			6,850			5,595			(1,255)		(22.4)	%	
Impairment charge - leased assets			7,902			—			(7,902)		n/m	%	
Total operating expenses		$	60,258		$	48,097		$	(12,161)		(25.3)	%	
Percent of revenue			84.8	%  		67.2	%  						

Selling, operating and administrative expenses consists of personnel costs, professional fee expenses, lease costs and other expenses. Other expenses within Selling, operating and administrative expenses include certain marketing and production costs that are not paid by the Marketing Funds, including travel and entertainment costs, and costs associated with our annual conventions in the U.S. and other events and technology services.

		Three Months Ended		Change		
		September 30, 		Favorable/(Unfavorable)		
		2020		2019		$		%		
Selling, operating and administrative expenses:													
Personnel		$	16,613		$	11,403		$	(5,210)		(45.7)	%	
Professional fees			3,530			3,000			(530)		(17.7)	%	
Lease costs			2,296			2,168			(128)		(5.9)	%	
Other			5,777			7,897			2,120		26.8	%	
Total selling, operating and administrative expenses		$	28,216		$	24,468		$	(3,748)		(15.3)	%	
Percent of revenue			39.7	%  		34.2	%  						
Total Selling, operating and administrative expenses increased as follows:

	●	Personnel costs increased due to higher equity-based compensation expense of $4.4 million (See Note 11, Equity-Based Compensation), increased headcount primarily from acquisitions and higher acquisition-related expenses, partially offset by the elimination of the 2020 corporate bonus plan and suspension of the 401(k) match.	
	●	Professional fees increased primarily due to an increase in legal fees related to the Moehrl-related suits (See section titled “Legal Proceedings,” set forth in Part II, Item 1 of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q) and acquisition related expenses. We expect approximately $0.5 million more in legal expenses in the fourth quarter of 2020 compared to the prior year period, and between $2.0 million and $2.5 million more in the year ended December 31, 2020 compared to the prior year because of this ongoing litigation.	
	●	Other selling, operating and administrative expenses decreased primarily due to lower travel and events expenses as part of our cost mitigation plan and additional training expenses for the launch of the booj technology platform in the prior year.	
Marketing Funds Expenses
We recognize an equal and offsetting amount of expenses to revenue such that there is no impact to our overall profitability.
Depreciation and Amortization
Depreciation and amortization expense increased primarily due to placing the booj Platform in service and new amortization related to our acquisitions.
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Impairment charge - leased assets

During the third quarter of 2020, we began executing on a plan to both refresh our corporate headquarters and sublease space made available through the refresh. As a result, we performed an impairment test on the portion of our headquarters we intend to sublease and recognized an impairment charge of $7.9 million. See Note 2, Summary of Significant Accounting Policies for additional information about our leases.
Other Expenses, Net
A summary of the components of our Other expenses, net is as follows (in thousands, except percentages):  

		Three Months Ended		Change		
		September 30, 		Favorable/(Unfavorable)		
	    	2020	    	2019	    	$	    	%		
Other expenses, net:													
Interest expense		$	(2,159)		$	(3,089)		$	930		30.1	%	
Interest income			25			412			(387)		(93.9)	%	
Foreign currency transaction gains (losses)			94			(50)			144		n/m		
Total other expenses, net		$	(2,040)		$	(2,727)		$	687		25.2	%	
Percent of revenue			2.9	%  		3.8	%  						

Other expenses, net decreased primarily due to a decrease in interest expense as a result of decreasing interest rates on
our Senior Secured Credit Facility (as defined in Note 8, Debt), partially offset by lower interest earnings on our cash balances from lower interest rates.‌
Provision for Income Taxes
Our effective income tax rate increased to 23.4% from 16.7% for the three months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively, primarily driven by the impact of lower pre-tax income compared to certain non-creditable foreign taxes which have not decreased. Our effective income tax rate depends on many factors, including a rate benefit attributable to the fact that the portion of RMCO’s earnings attributable to the non-controlling interests are not subject to corporate-level taxes because RMCO is classified as a partnership for U.S. federal income tax purposes and therefore is treated as a “flow-through entity,” as well as annual changes in state and foreign income tax rates. See Note 3, Non-controlling Interest to the accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements for further details on the allocation of income taxes between Holdings and the non-controlling interest and see Note 10, Income Taxes for additional information.
Adjusted EBITDA
See “—Non-GAAP Financial Measures” for our definition of Adjusted EBITDA and for further discussion of our presentation of Adjusted EBITDA as well as a reconciliation of Adjusted EBITDA to net income, which is the most comparable GAAP measure for operating performance.
Adjusted EBITDA was $30.3 million for the three months ended September 30, 2020, an increase of $2.1 million from the comparable prior year period. Adjusted EBITDA increased primarily due to higher broker fees, lower travel and events expenses, lower bonus and 401(k) expense from our cost mitigation plan in response to the COVID-19 pandemic and Motto expansion, partially offset by previously announced agent recruiting initiatives and increased headcount primarily from acquisitions.
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Comparison of the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2020 and 2019
Revenue
A summary of the components of our revenue is as follows (in thousands except percentages):

		Nine Months Ended		Change		
		September 30, 		Favorable/(Unfavorable)		
		2020		2019		$		%		
Revenue:													
Continuing franchise fees		$	65,220		$	75,018		$	(9,798)		(13.1)	%	
Annual dues			26,304			26,508			(204)		(0.8)	%	
Broker fees			35,327			35,339			(12)		(0.0)	%	
Marketing Funds fees			46,577			54,866			(8,289)		(15.1)	%	
Franchise sales and other revenue			20,124			22,369			(2,245)		(10.0)	%	
Total revenue		$	193,552		$	214,100		$	(20,548)		(9.6)	%	

Consolidated revenue decreased primarily due to temporary COVID-19 related financial support initiatives the Company provided in the second quarter and, to a lesser extent, agent recruiting initiatives that reduced both Continuing franchise fees and Marketing Funds fees for a limited period of time.‌
Continuing Franchise Fees
Revenue from Continuing franchise fees decreased primarily due to temporary COVID-19 related financial support initiatives and previously announced recruiting initiatives which waived Continuing franchise fees for a limited period of time, partially offset by Motto expansion.
Broker Fees
Revenue from Broker fees remained flat as agent count decreases in the Company-Owned regions in the U.S. and Canada and lower total transactions per agent during the second quarter in conjunction with the economic slowdown caused by COVID-19 were mostly offset by rising home prices.
Marketing Funds fees
Revenue from the Marketing Funds fees decreased primarily due to temporary COVID-19 related financial support initiatives and previously announced recruiting initiatives which waived Marketing Funds fees for a limited period of time.
Franchise Sales and Other Revenue
Franchise sales and other revenue decreased primarily due to continued attrition of booj’s legacy customer base and lower approved supplier revenue, partially offset by incremental revenue from acquisitions.
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Operating Expenses
A summary of the components of our operating expenses is as follows (in thousands, except percentages):

		Nine Months Ended		Change		
		September 30, 		Favorable/(Unfavorable)		
		2020		2019		$		%		
Operating expenses:													
Selling, operating and administrative expenses		$	88,241		$	84,081		$	(4,160)		(4.9)	%	
Marketing Funds expenses			46,577			54,866			8,289		15.1	%	
Depreciation and amortization			19,572			16,694			(2,878)		(17.2)	%	
Impairment charge - leased assets			7,902			—			(7,902)		n/m	%	
Total operating expenses		$	162,292		$	155,641		$	(6,651)		(4.3)	%	
Percent of revenue			83.8	%  		72.7	%  						

Selling, operating and administrative expenses consists of personnel costs, professional fee expenses, lease costs and other expenses. Other expenses within selling, operating and administrative expenses include certain marketing and production costs that are not paid by the Marketing Funds, including travel and entertainment costs, and costs associated with our annual conventions in the U.S. and other events and technology services.

		Nine Months Ended		Change		
		September 30, 		Favorable/(Unfavorable)		
		2020		2019		$		%		
Selling, operating and administrative expenses:													
Personnel		$	47,419		$	43,396		$	(4,023)		(9.3)	%	
Professional fees			9,370			7,333			(2,037)		(27.8)	%	
Lease costs			6,899			6,603			(296)		(4.5)	%	
Other			24,553			26,749			2,196		8.2	%	
Total selling, operating and administrative expenses		$	88,241		$	84,081		$	(4,160)		(4.9)	%	
Percent of revenue			45.6	%  		39.3	%  						
Total Selling, operating and administrative expenses decreased as follows:

	●	Personnel costs increased primarily due higher equity-based compensation expense of $3.5 million (See Note 11, Equity-Based Compensation), increased headcount primarily from acquisitions and higher acquisition-related expenses, partially offset by the elimination of the 2020 corporate bonus plan and suspension of the 401(k) match.	
	●	Professional fees increased primarily due to an increase in legal fees related to the Moehrl-related suits (See section titled “Legal Proceedings,” set forth in Part II, Item 1 of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q) and acquisition related expenses.	
	●	Other selling, operating and administrative expenses decreased primarily due to lower travel and events expenses as part of our cost mitigation plan, additional training expenses for the launch of the booj technology platform in the prior year and fair value adjustments of our contingent consideration liability (See Note 9, Fair Value Measurements), partially offset by an increase in bad debt expense driven by increasing our bad debt allowance for past-due receivables in light of COVID-19.	
Marketing Funds Expenses
We recognize an equal and offsetting amount of expenses to revenue such that there is no impact to our overall profitability.
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Depreciation and Amortization
Depreciation and amortization expense increased primarily due to placing the booj Platform in service and new amortization related to our acquisitions.
Other Expenses, Net
A summary of the components of our Other expenses, net is as follows (in thousands, except percentages):

			Nine Months Ended		Change		
			September 30, 		Favorable/(Unfavorable)		
			2020	    	2019	    	$	    	%	 	
Other expenses, net:														
Interest expense			$	(7,028)		$	(9,398)		$	2,370		25.2	%	
Interest income				328			1,074			(746)		(69.5)	%	
Foreign currency transaction gains (losses)				(75)			66			(141)		n/m		
Total other expenses, net			$	(6,775)		$	(8,258)		$	1,483		18.0	%	
Percent of revenue				3.5	%  		3.9	%  						

Other expenses, net decreased primarily due to a decrease in interest expense as a result of decreasing interest rates on
our Senior Secured Credit Facility partially offset by lower interest earnings on our cash balances from lower interest rates.‌
Provision for Income Taxes
Our effective income tax rate increased to 26.7% from 17.0% for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively, primarily due to (a) nonrecurring taxes arising from the conversion of First from a C Corporation to a flow-through entity (which is expected to provide long-term tax amortization benefits), and (b) the impact of lower pre-tax income compared to certain non-creditable foreign taxes which have not decreased.
Our effective income tax rate depends on many factors, including a rate benefit attributable to the fact that the portion of RMCO’s earnings attributable to the non-controlling interests are not subject to corporate-level taxes because RMCO is classified as a partnership for U.S. federal income tax purposes and therefore is treated as a “flow-through entity,” as well as annual changes in state and foreign income tax rates. See Note 3, Non-controlling Interest to the accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements for further details on the allocation of income taxes between Holdings and the non-controlling interest and see Note 10, Income Taxes for additional information.
Adjusted EBITDA
See “—Non-GAAP Financial Measures” for our definition of Adjusted EBITDA and for further discussion of our presentation of Adjusted EBITDA as well as a reconciliation of Adjusted EBITDA to net income, which is the most comparable GAAP measure for operating performance.
Adjusted EBITDA was $68.8 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2020, a decrease of $12.2 million from the comparable prior year period. Adjusted EBITDA decreased primarily due to revenue decreases from the temporary COVID-19 related financial support initiatives in the second quarter, increased headcount primarily from acquisitions and higher legal fees, partially offset by lower bonus and 401(k) expenses and lower travel and events expenses from cost mitigation steps in response to the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Non-GAAP Financial Measures
The Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) has adopted rules to regulate the use in filings with the SEC and in public disclosures of financial measures that are not in accordance with U.S. GAAP, such as Adjusted EBITDA and the ratios related thereto. These measures are derived on the basis of methodologies other than in accordance with U.S. GAAP.
We define Adjusted EBITDA as EBITDA (consolidated net income before depreciation and amortization, interest expense, interest income and the provision for income taxes, each of which is presented in our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q), adjusted for the impact of the following items that are either non-cash or that we do not consider representative of our ongoing operating performance: gain or loss on sale or disposition of assets and sublease, impairment charge on leased assets, equity-based compensation expense, acquisition-related expense, gain on reduction in tax receivable agreement (“TRA”) liability, expense or income related to changes in the estimated fair value measurement of contingent consideration and other non-recurring items.
As Adjusted EBITDA omits certain non-cash items and other non-recurring cash charges or other items, we believe that it is less susceptible to variances that affect our operating performance resulting from depreciation, amortization and other non-cash and non-recurring cash charges or other items. We present Adjusted EBITDA, and the related Adjusted EBITDA margin, because we believe they are useful as supplemental measures in evaluating the performance of our operating businesses and provides greater transparency into our results of operations. Our management uses Adjusted EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA margin as factors in evaluating the performance of our business.
Adjusted EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA margin have limitations as analytical tools, and you should not consider these measures either in isolation or as a substitute for analyzing our results as reported under U.S. GAAP. Some of these limitations are:

	●	these measures do not reflect changes in, or cash requirements for, our working capital needs;	
	●	these measures do not reflect our interest expense, or the cash requirements necessary to service interest or principal payments on our debt;	
	●	these measures do not reflect our income tax expense or the cash requirements to pay our taxes;	
	●	these measures do not reflect the cash requirements to pay dividends to stockholders of our Class A common stock and tax and other cash distributions to our non-controlling unitholders;	
	●	these measures do not reflect the cash requirements pursuant to the TRAs;	
	●	although depreciation and amortization are non-cash charges, the assets being depreciated and amortized will often require replacement in the future, and these measures do not reflect any cash requirements for such replacements;	
	●	although equity-based compensation is a non-cash charge, the issuance of equity-based awards may have a dilutive impact on earnings per share; and	
	●	other companies may calculate these measures differently, so similarly named measures may not be comparable.	
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A reconciliation of Adjusted EBITDA to net income is set forth in the following table (in thousands):

		Three Months Ended		Nine Months Ended	
		September 30, 		September 30, 	
		2020		2019		2020		2019	
Net income		$	6,724		$	17,264		$	17,938		$	41,654	
Depreciation and amortization			6,850			5,595			19,572			16,694	
Interest expense			2,159			3,089			7,028			9,398	
Interest income			(25)			(412)			(328)			(1,074)	
Provision for income taxes			2,051			3,453			6,547			8,547	
EBITDA			17,759			28,989			50,757			75,219	
(Gain) loss on sale or disposition of assets			(11)			(10)			(33)			353	
Impairment charge - leased assets (1)			7,902			—			7,902			—	
Equity-based compensation expense			3,414			(987)			8,347			4,860	
Acquisition-related expense (2)			1,021			181			1,915			268	
Fair value adjustments to contingent consideration (3)			250			(15)			(105)			330	
Adjusted EBITDA		$	30,335		$	28,158		$	68,783		$	81,030	
													
(1)	Represents the impairment recognized on a portion of our corporate headquarters office building. See Note 2, Summary of Significant Accounting Policies to the accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements for additional information.	
(2)	Acquisition-related expense includes personnel, legal, accounting, advisory and consulting fees incurred in connection with the acquisition and integration of acquired companies.	
(3)	Fair value adjustments to contingent consideration include amounts recognized for changes in the estimated fair value of the contingent consideration liabilities. See Note 9, Fair Value Measurements to the accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements for additional information.	
Liquidity and Capital Resources
Overview of Factors Affecting Our Liquidity
Our liquidity position is affected by the growth of our agent base and conditions in the real estate market. In this regard, our short-term liquidity position from time to time has been, and will continue to be, affected by a number of factors including agents in the RE/MAX network, particularly in Company-Owned Regions. Our cash flows are primarily related to the timing of:

	(i)	cash receipt of revenues, including any declines in Continuing franchise fees driven by the temporary COVID-19-related financial support initiatives the Company introduced in April, and any similar programs offered by the Independent regions in the U.S. and Canada, as well as significant variability in Broker fees revenue due to home sale volatility during COVID-19;	
	(ii)	payment of selling, operating and administrative expenses;	
	(iii)	investments in technology and Motto;	
	(iv)	cash consideration for acquisitions and acquisition-related expenses;	
	(v)	principal payments and related interest payments on our Senior Secured Credit Facility;	
	(vi)	dividend payments to stockholders of our Class A common stock;	
	(vii)	distributions and other payments to non-controlling unitholders pursuant to the terms of RMCO’s limited liability company operating agreement (“the RMCO, LLC Agreement”);	
	(viii)	corporate tax payments paid by the Company; and	
	(ix)	payments to the TRA parties pursuant to the TRAs.	
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We have satisfied these needs primarily through our existing cash balances, cash generated by our operations and funds available under our Senior Secured Credit Facility.
Our liquidity has been impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic. Notwithstanding our cost mitigation plan and deferral of the payment under the TRA, our net cash provided by operating activities decreased from $55.2 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 to $43.5 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2020, primarily as a result of a decrease in revenue due to temporary COVID-19 related financial support initiatives. The future impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on our liquidity and financial condition is unknown, and its impact may be variable over time as government regulations, market conditions and consumer behavior changes positively or negatively in response to developments with respect to the pandemic. We may utilize our Senior Secured Credit Facility, and we may pursue other sources of capital that may include other forms of external financing, in order to increase our cash position and preserve financial flexibility in response to the uncertainty in the United States and global markets resulting from COVID-19.
Financing Resources
RMCO and RE/MAX, LLC, a wholly owned subsidiary of RMCO, have a credit agreement with JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., as administrative agent, and various lenders party thereto the Senior Secured Credit Facility. The Senior Secured Credit Facility provides to RE/MAX, LLC $235.0 million in term loans and a $10.0 million revolving facility. Borrowings under the term loans and revolving loans accrue interest, at London Interbank Offered Rate (“LIBOR”), provided LIBOR shall be no less than 0.75% plus an applicable margin of 2.75%. As of September 30, 2020, the interest rate on the term loan facility was 3.50%. As of September 30, 2020, RE/MAX, LLC had $223.9 million of term loans outstanding, net of an unamortized discount and issuance costs, and no revolving loans outstanding under our Senior Secured Credit Facility. The Company has not borrowed any additional term loans under its Senior Secured Credit Facility. If the Company had any loan or other amounts outstanding under the revolving facility, the Senior Secured Credit Facility would require compliance with a leverage ratio and an interest coverage ratio as defined in the Senior Secured Credit Facility at the end of each calendar quarter on a trailing twelve-month basis. No loans or other amounts were outstanding under the revolving facility, and therefore, the Company is not currently subject to the leverage ratio and the interest coverage ratio. See our 2019 Annual Report on Form 10-K for more information.
The Senior Secured Credit Facility requires RE/MAX, LLC, among other requirements, to repay term loans and reduce revolving commitments with 50% of excess cash flow (as defined in the Senior Secured Credit Facility) at the end of the applicable fiscal year if RE/MAX, LLC’s total leverage ratio as defined in the Senior Secured Credit Facility is in excess of 3.25:1. If the total leverage ratio as of the last day of such fiscal year is less than 3.25:1 but above 2.75:1, the repayment percentage is 25% of excess cash flow and if the total leverage ratio as of the last day of such fiscal year is less than 2.75:1, no repayment from excess cash flow is required. Any such payment would be due no later than March 31, 2021. As of September 30, 2020, the aforementioned leverage ratio for RE/MAX LLC on a trailing twelve-month basis is less than 2.0:1.
As needs arise, we may seek additional financing in the public capital markets. On October 15, 2019 we filed a registration statement on Form S-3 (“shelf registration”) allowing for the sale of up to $400 million in additional financing. The SEC declared the shelf registration effective on December 30, 2019.
Sources and Uses of Cash
As of September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, we had $89.1 million and $83.0 million, respectively, of cash and cash equivalents, of which approximately $2.6 million and $0.9 million, respectively, were denominated in foreign currencies.
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The following table summarizes our cash flows from operating, investing, and financing activities (in thousands):

		Nine Months Ended				
		September 30, 				
	    	2020	    	2019	    	Change	
Cash provided by (used in):										
Operating activities		$	43,471		$	55,187		$	(11,716)	
Investing activities			(15,202)			17,202			(32,404)	
Financing activities			(27,070)			(25,558)			(1,512)	
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash			(30)			76			(106)	
Net change in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash		$	1,169		$	46,907		$	(45,738)	
										
Operating Activities
Cash provided by operating activities decreased primarily as a result of:

	●	a decrease in Adjusted EBITDA of $12.2 million;	
	●	payment of certain employee related accruals of $6.1 million;	
	●	partially offset by $4.9 million in tax payment deferrals including a decrease in taxes payable due to lower taxable income; and	
	●	timing differences on various operating assets and liabilities.	
Investing Activities
During the nine months ended September 30, 2020 the change in cash (used in) provided by investing activities was primarily the result of restricted cash acquired in connection with the acquisition of the Marketing Funds during 2019 versus the cash used in the acquisitions of wemlo and Gadberry, as well as lower capitalizable investments in technology as compared to the prior year.
Financing Activities
During the nine months ended September 30, 2020 cash used in financing activities increased primarily due to an increase in payments related to tax withholding for share-based compensation, primarily due to half of the corporate bonus plan being settled in stock, and an increase in dividends per Class A share and non-controlling unit to $0.22 per share/unit during each of the first three quarters of 2020 as compared to $0.21 per share/unit for the first three quarters of 2019, partially offset by decreases in tax distributions paid to non-controlling unitholders.
Capital Allocation Priorities
Liquidity
Our objective is to maintain a strong liquidity position. We have existing cash balances, cash flows from operating activities, access to our revolving facility and incremental facilities under our Senior Secured Credit Facility available to support the needs of our business. Should additional liquidity needs arise, our filed shelf registration would permit access to public capital markets if such financing would be available.
Acquisitions
As part of our growth strategy we may pursue reacquisitions of Independent Regions in the U.S. and Canada as well as additional acquisitions or investments in complementary businesses, services and technologies that would provide access to new markets, revenue streams, or otherwise complement our existing operations. We may fund any such growth with various sources of capital including existing cash balances and cash flow from operations, as well as proceeds from debt financings including under existing credit facilities or new arrangements raised in the public capital markets.
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Capital Expenditures
The total aggregate amount for purchases of property and equipment and capitalization of developed software was $4.6 million and $10.1 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively. These amounts primarily relate to investments in technology. In order to expand our technology, we plan to continue to re-invest in our business in order to improve operational efficiencies and enhance the tools and services provided to the affiliates in our networks. Total capital expenditures for 2020 are now expected to be between $8 million and $11 million versus $17 million and $19 million at the beginning of the year as a result of deferring large portions of our corporate headquarters remodel and lower capitalizable investments. See Financial and Operational Highlights above for additional information.
Dividends
Our Board of Directors declared and we paid quarterly cash dividends of $0.22 per share on all outstanding shares of Class A common stock during the first three quarters of 2020, as disclosed in Note 4, Earnings Per Share and Dividends to the accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements. On November 4, 2020, our Board of Directors declared a quarterly cash dividend of $0.22 per share on all outstanding shares of Class A common stock, which is payable on December 2, 2020 to stockholders of record at the close of business on November 18, 2020. The declaration of additional future dividends, and, if declared, the amount of any such future dividend, will be subject to our actual future earnings and capital requirements and will be at the discretion of our Board of Directors.
Distributions and Other Payments to Non-controlling Unitholders by RMCO
Distributions and other payments pursuant to the RMCO, LLC Agreement and TRAs were comprised of the following (in thousands):

		Nine Months Ended	
		September 30, 	
	   	2020	   	2019	
Distributions and other payments pursuant to the RMCO, LLC Agreement:							
Required distributions for taxes and pro rata distributions as a result of distributions to RE/MAX Holdings in order to satisfy its estimated tax liabilities		$	2,277		$	3,547	
Dividend distributions			8,289			7,913	
Total distributions to RIHI			10,566			11,460	
Payments pursuant to the TRAs (a)			—			2,854	
Total distributions to RIHI and TRA payments		$	10,566		$	14,314	
							
(a)	In connection with capital preservation measures taken in response to the COVID-19 pandemic, in 2020 we deferred the payments pursuant to our TRAs to the fourth quarter upon final completion of our federal income tax returns.	
Commitments and Contingencies
Our management does not believe there are any matters involving us that could result, individually or in the aggregate, in a material adverse effect on our financial condition, results of operations and cash flows. See Note 12, Commitments and Contingencies to the accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements for additional information.
Off Balance Sheet Arrangements
We have no material off balance sheet arrangements as of September 30, 2020.
Critical Accounting Judgments and Estimates
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements and accompanying notes. Actual results could differ from those estimates.
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Allowance for Doubtful Accounts
The Company records allowances against its accounts receivable balances for estimated probable losses.
Increases and decreases in the allowance for doubtful accounts are established based upon changes in the credit quality
of receivables. The allowance for doubtful accounts is based primarily on historical experience and the credit quality of specific accounts, but also on general economic conditions. Estimating our allowance for doubtful accounts became more challenging given the COVID-19 pandemic. We placed more emphasis on current economic conditions and the impact they may have on amounts unpaid. Should the severity of the pandemic worsen or the housing market take another downturn similar to what we experienced in April and May 2020, then we may need to increase our allowance for doubtful accounts.

Our Critical Accounting Judgments and Estimates disclosed in “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations - Critical Accounting Judgments and Estimates” in our 2019 Annual Report on Form 10-K for which there were no material changes, included:

	●	Franchise Agreements and Other Intangible Assets	
	●	Purchase Accounting for Acquisitions	
	●	Income Tax Accounting	
	●	Deferred Tax Assets and TRA Liability	
	●	Motto Goodwill and Contingent Consideration	
	●	General Litigation Matters	
New Accounting Pronouncements
There have been no new accounting pronouncements not yet effective that we believe have a significant impact, or potential significant impact, to our consolidated financial statements. See Note 2, Summary of Significant Accounting Policies to the accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements for additional information.
Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risks
We have operations both within the U.S. and globally and we are exposed to market risks in the ordinary course of our business. These risks primarily include interest rate, foreign exchange and inflation risks, as well as risks relating to changes in the general economic conditions in the countries where we conduct business. To reduce certain of these risks, we monitor the financial condition of our large franchisees. In addition, our investment strategy has been to invest in financial instruments that are highly liquid and mature within three months from the date of purchase. We do not currently use derivative instruments to mitigate the impact of our market risk exposures nor do we use derivatives for trading or speculative purposes.
Interest Rate Risk
We are subject to interest rate risk in connection with borrowings under our Senior Secured Credit Facility which bear interest at variable rates. At September 30, 2020, $225.6 million in term loans were outstanding under our Senior Secured Credit Facility. We currently do not engage in any interest rate hedging activity, but given our variable rate borrowings, we monitor interest rates and if appropriate, may engage in hedging activity prospectively. The interest rate on our Senior Secured Credit Facility is currently based on LIBOR, subject to a floor of 0.75%, plus an applicable margin of 2.75%. As of September 30, 2020, the interest rate was 3.50%. If LIBOR rises such that our rate is above the floor, then each hypothetical 0.25% increase would result in additional annual interest expense of $0.6 million. To mitigate a portion of this risk, we invest our cash balances in short-term investments that earn interest at variable rates.
Currency Risk
We have a network of global franchisees in over 110 countries and territories. Fluctuations in exchange rates of the U.S. dollar against foreign currencies can result, and have resulted, in fluctuations in (a) revenue and operating income due to a portion of our revenue being denominated in foreign currencies and (b) foreign exchange transaction gains and losses
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due primarily to cash and accounts receivable balances denominated in foreign currencies, with the Canadian dollar representing the most significant exposure. We currently do not engage in any foreign exchange hedging activity of our revenues but may do so in the future; however, we actively convert cash balances into U.S. dollars to mitigate currency risk on cash positions. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020, a hypothetical 5% strengthening/weakening in the value of the U.S. dollar compared to the Canadian dollar would have resulted in a decrease/increase to operating income of approximately $0.3 million and $0.7 million, respectively.
Item 4. Controls and Procedures
Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures
We maintain disclosure controls and procedures, as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Exchange Act, that are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed in our reports filed or submitted under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms. Disclosure controls and procedures include, without limitation, controls and procedures designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our Principal Executive Officer and Principal Financial Officer, as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.
Our management, under the supervision and with the participation of our Principal Executive Officer and Principal Financial Officer, evaluated the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rule 13a-15(e) under the Exchange Act) as of the end of the period covered by this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. Based on that evaluation, our Principal Executive Officer and Principal Financial Officer have concluded that as of September 30, 2020 our disclosure controls and procedures were effective.
Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting
There have been no changes in our internal control over financial reporting identified in connection with the evaluation required by Rules 13a-15(d) and 15d-15(d) of the Exchange Act that occurred during the quarter ended September 30, 2020 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

PART II. – OTHER INFORMATION
Item 1. Legal Proceedings
From time to time we are involved in litigation, claims and other proceedings relating to the conduct of our business, and the disclosures set forth in Note 12, Commitments and Contingencies relating to certain legal matters is incorporated herein by reference. Such litigation and other proceedings may include, but are not limited to, actions relating to intellectual property, commercial arrangements, franchising arrangements, brokerage disputes, vicarious liability based upon conduct of individuals or entities outside of our control including franchisees and independent agents, and employment law claims. Litigation and other disputes are inherently unpredictable and subject to substantial uncertainties and unfavorable resolutions could occur. Often these cases raise complex factual and legal issues, which are subject to risks and uncertainties and which could require significant time and resources from management. Although we do not believe any currently pending litigation will have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition or operations, there are inherent uncertainties in litigation and other claims and regulatory proceedings and such pending matters could result in unexpected expenses and liabilities and might materially adversely affect our business, financial condition or operations, including our reputation.
Item 1A. Risk Factors

Due to developments relating to the global coronavirus (“COVID-19”) pandemic, the Company is supplementing the risk factors previously disclosed in Part I, Item 1A, “Risk Factors” of its Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2019 (the “2019 Annual Report on Form 10-K”), filed with the Securities and Exchange
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Commission on February 21, 2020, to include the following risk factor under the heading “Risks Related to Our Business and Industry”.

The effects of the COVID-19 pandemic have caused and will likely continue to cause significant disruption to our normal business operations, and the severity and duration of these impacts on future financial performance and results of operations remain uncertain.

The COVID-19 pandemic has spread across the globe and is impacting economic activity worldwide. The pandemic poses significant risks to our business and our employees, franchisees, agents, and loan originators.
The COVID-19 pandemic has negatively impacted our business and that of our franchisees. The pandemic poses the risk of an extended disruption to our business, that of our franchisees and other business partners, and housing and mortgage markets generally, due to the impact of the disease itself, actions intended to limit or slow its spread, and other factors. These include restrictions on travel or transportation, social distancing requirements, limitations on the size of gatherings, policies that ban or severely limit in-person showings of properties, closures of work facilities, schools, public buildings and businesses, cancellation of events, curtailing other activities, quarantines and lock-downs.
In addition, our results are tied to the residential real estate and mortgage markets. Disruptions related to the COVID-19 pandemic resulted in a downturn in the residential real estate and mortgage markets and future developments related to COVID-19 may cause further disruptions to the economy and real estate and mortgage markets that may negatively impact our business. Such disruptions may include a downturn in economic conditions generally, declines in consumer confidence and spending, and tightening of credit or instability in the financial markets. These same factors may impair the ability of our franchisees (a) to continue their operations resulting in larger numbers of failures and (b) to pay the fees that are due to us under their franchise agreements. We provided financial support to our franchisees during this time, which resulted in a decline in our revenues during the nine months ended September 30, 2020. We are unable to estimate the effectiveness of that support on the ongoing financial health and stability of our franchisees, whether we will determine to offer support in future periods as the COVID-19 pandemic continues to evolve, or the ultimate effect of such support on our results of operations and financial condition.
Nearly all of the Company’s employees are currently working remotely and may continue to do so for an undetermined amount of time. This may impair the ability of the Company’s management team to successfully implement the Company’s business plans. We cannot predict when or how we will begin to lift the actions put in place as part of our business continuity plans, including work from home requirements and travel restrictions.
The duration and magnitude of the impact from the COVID-19 pandemic depends on future developments that cannot be predicted at this time. There remains significant uncertainty regarding the continuing impact of COVID-19 on our business and the overall economy as a whole throughout the world, including in the United States and Canada. In particular, there is significant concern regarding the possibility of additional waves of COVID-19 cases that could cause state and local governments to reinstate more restrictive measures, which could impact our business and housing markets. There is also uncertainty regarding how the housing market will respond to any reduction in the health risks relating to COVID-19 in the future for example as a result of viable treatment options or a vaccine.
The Company has already experienced significant disruption to its business as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic and such disruptions may continue, particularly if ongoing mitigation actions by government authorities remain in place for a significant amount of time. For example, our liquidity has been impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic. Notwithstanding our cost mitigation plan and deferral of the payment under the TRA, our net cash provided by operating activities decreased from $55.2 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 to $43.5 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2020, primarily as a result of a decrease in revenue due to temporary COVID-19 related financial support initiatives. The future impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on our liquidity and financial condition is unknown, and its impact may be variable over time as government regulations, market conditions and consumer behavior changes in response to developments with respect to the pandemic. Notwithstanding any mitigation actions, sustained material revenue declines relating to this crisis could impact our financial condition, results of operations, stock price and ability to access the capital markets. Substantial declines in our profitability could trigger the excess cash flow requirements of our Senior Secured Credit Facility (described above in Item 2) requiring us to make incremental principal payments that would not otherwise be required.‌
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The pandemic and any severe or long-term economic downturn in the housing market or long-term mitigation efforts by government authorities could heighten other important risks and uncertainties including, without limitation, (i) changes in the real estate market or interest rates and availability of financing for homebuyers, (ii) changes in business and economic activity in general, (iii) the Company’s ability to attract and retain quality franchisees, (iv) the Company’s franchisees’ ability to recruit and retain real estate agents and mortgage loan originators and their ability to continue as a going concern, (v) changes in laws and regulations, (vi) adverse legal interpretations of contractual provisions within our franchise agreements, (vii) the Company’s ability to enhance, market, and protect the RE/MAX and Motto Mortgage brands, (viii) the Company’s ability to implement its technology initiatives, (ix) fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates, and (x) the Company’s ability to obtain any required additional financing in the future on acceptable terms or at all.
Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds
On August 25, 2020, the Company acquired all of the equity interests in wemlo. A portion of the consideration for the acquisition was the issuance by the Company to the founders of wemlo of 91,097 shares of Class A common stock. The shares of common stock issued to the founders in connection with the acquisition were offered and sold in a transaction exempt from registration under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”), in reliance on Section 4(a)(2) of the Securities Act.
On September 10, 2020, the Company acquired all of the equity interests in Gadberry. A portion of the consideration for the acquisition was the issuance by the Company to the founders of Gadberry of 157,074 shares of Class A common stock. The shares of common stock issued to the founders in connection with the acquisition were offered and sold in a transaction exempt from registration under the Securities Act in reliance on Section 4(a)(2) of the Securities Act.
Item 3. Defaults Upon Senior Securities
None.
Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures
None.
Item 5. Other Information
None.

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Item 6. Exhibits

Exhibit No.	  	Exhibit Description	  	Form	  	File
Number	  	Date of
First Filing	  	Exhibit
Number	  	Filed
Herewith	
													
3.1		Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation		10-Q		001-36101		11/14/2013		3.1			
													
3.2		Bylaws of RE/MAX Holdings, Inc.		8-K		001-36101		2/22/2018		3.1			
													
4.1		Form of RE/MAX Holdings, Inc.’s Class A common stock certificate.		S-1		333-190699		9/27/2013		4.1			
													
31.1		Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended.										X	
													
31.2		Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended.										X	
													
32.1		Certifications of Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002										X	
													
101.INS		XBRL Instance Document – The instance document does not appear in the Interactive Data File because its XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document.										X	
													
101.SCH		Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document										X	
													
101.CAL		Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document										X	
													
101.DEF		Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document										X	
													
101.LAB		Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document										X	
													
101.PRE		Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document										X
	
104		Cover Page Interactive Data File – The cover page XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document.										X	

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SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

	 		RE/MAX Holdings, Inc.
(Registrant)	
						
Date:		November 5, 2020	By:		/s/ Adam M. Contos	
					Adam M. Contos	
					Director and Chief Executive Officer	
					(Principal Executive Officer)	
						
Date:		November 5, 2020	By:		/s/ Karri R. Callahan	
					Karri R. Callahan
Chief Financial Officer
(Principal Financial Officer)	
						
Date:		November 5, 2020	By:		/s/ Brett A. Ritchie	
					Brett A. Ritchie
Chief Accounting Officer
(Principal Accounting Officer)	

42

Exhibit 31.1
Certification
I, Adam M. Contos, certify that:

	1.	I have reviewed this quarterly report on Form 10-Q of RE/MAX Holdings, Inc.;	

	2.	Based on my knowledge, this quarterly report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this quarterly report;	

	3.	Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this quarterly report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this quarterly report;	

	4.	The registrant's other certifying officers and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and we have:	

	a.	Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this quarterly report is being prepared;	

	b.	Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;	

	c.	Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant's disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this quarterly report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures as of the end of the period covered by this quarterly report based on such evaluation; and	

	d.	Disclosed in this quarterly report any change in the registrant's internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant's most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant's fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant's internal control over financial reporting; and	

	5.	The registrant's other certifying officers and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant's auditors and the audit committee of the registrant's board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent function):	

	a.	All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant's ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and	

	b.	Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant's internal control over financial reporting.	

			
Date: November 5, 2020		/s/ Adam M. Contos	
		Adam M. Contos	
		Director and Chief Executive Officer	
		(Principal Executive Officer)	

Exhibit 31.2
Certification
I, Karri R. Callahan certify that:

	1.	I have reviewed this quarterly report on Form 10-Q of RE/MAX Holdings, Inc.;	

	2.	Based on my knowledge, this quarterly report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this quarterly report;	

	3.	Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this quarterly report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this quarterly report;	

	4.	The registrant's other certifying officers and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and we have:	

	a.	Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this quarterly report is being prepared;	

	b.	Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;	

	c.	Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant's disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this quarterly report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures as of the end of the period covered by this quarterly report based on such evaluation; and	

	d.	Disclosed in this quarterly report any change in the registrant's internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant's most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant's fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant's internal control over financial reporting; and	

	5.	The registrant's other certifying officers and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant's auditors and the audit committee of the registrant's board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent function):	

	a.	All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant's ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and	

	b.	Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant's internal control over financial reporting.	

			
Date: November 5, 2020		/s/ Karri R. Callahan	
		Karri R. Callahan	
		Chief Financial Officer	
		(Principal Financial Officer)	

Exhibit 32.1
Certification
Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
(Subsections (a) and (b) of Section 1350, Chapter 63 of Title 18, United States Code)
Pursuant to section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (subsections (a) and (b) of section 1350, chapter 63 of title 18, United States Code), each of the undersigned officers of RE/MAX Holdings, Inc., a Delaware corporation (the "Company"), does hereby certify, to such officer's knowledge, that:
The Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the period ended September 30, 2020 (the "Form 10-Q") of the Company fully complies with the requirements of section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 and information contained in the Form 10-Q fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company as of September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, and for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019.

			
Date: November 5, 2020		/s/ Adam M. Contos	
		Adam M. Contos	
		Director and Chief Executive Officer	
		(Principal Executive Officer)	
			
Date: November 5, 2020		/s/ Karri R. Callahan	
		Karri R. Callahan	
		Chief Financial Officer	
		(Principal Financial Officer)	

The foregoing certification is being furnished solely pursuant to section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (subsections (a) and (b) of section 1350, chapter 63 of title 18, United States Code) and is not being filed as part of the Form 10-Q or as a separate disclosure document.