UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C.  20549
 
FORM  10-Q
 
(Mark One)
☒	QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934	
For the quarterly period ended September 30, 2018
or
☐	TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934	
For the transition period from              to             
Commission File Number: 001-35883
 
SeaWorld Entertainment, Inc.
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

Delaware	 	27-1220297	
(State or other jurisdiction of
incorporation or organization)	 	(I.R.S. Employer
Identification No.)	
9205 South Park Center Loop, Suite 400
Orlando, Florida 32819
(Address of principal executive offices) (Zip Code)
(407) 226-5011
(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)
 
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.    Yes   ☒     No   ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes   ☒     No   ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.
 
Large accelerated filer	☒	 	Accelerated filer	☐	
Non-accelerated filer	☐	 	Smaller reporting company	☐	
 	 	 	 	 	
 	 	 	Emerging growth company	☐	
If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act.   ☐	
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).    Yes   ☐     No   ☒
The registrant had outstanding 87,781,171 shares of Common Stock, par value $0.01 per share as of November 1, 2018.

SEAWORLD ENTERTAINMENT, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
FORM 10-Q
TABLE OF CONTENTS
 
 	 	Page No.	
SPECIAL NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS	 	1	
 	 	 	 	 	
PART I.	 	FINANCIAL INFORMATION	 	 	
 	 	 	 	 	
Item 1.	 	Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements	 	 	
 	 	 	 	 	
 	 	Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets	 	3	
 	 	 	 	 	
 	 	Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss)	 	4	
 	 	 	 	 	
 	 	Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statement of Changes in Stockholders’ Equity	 	5	
 	 	 	 	 	
 	 	Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows	 	6	
 	 	 	 	 	
 	 	Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements	 	7	
 	 	 	 	 	
Item 2.	 	Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	 	27	
 	 	 	 	 	
Item 3.	 	Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk	 	39	
 	 	 	 	 	
Item 4.	 	Controls and Procedures	 	40	
 	 	 	 	 	
PART II.	 	OTHER INFORMATION	 	 	
 	 	 	 	 	
Item 1.	 	Legal Proceedings	 	41	
 	 	 	 	 	
Item 1A.	 	Risk Factors	 	41	
 	 	 	 	 	
Item 2.	 	Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds	 	44	
 	 	 	 	 	
Item 3.	 	Defaults Upon Senior Securities	 	44	
 	 	 	 	 	
Item 4.	 	Mine Safety Disclosures	 	44	
 	 	 	 	 	
Item 5.	 	Other Information	 	44	
 	 	 	 	 	
Item 6.	 	Exhibits	 	45	
 	 	 	 	 	
 	 	Signatures	 	46	

 

SPECIAL NOTE REGARDING FO RWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS
In addition to historical information, this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q may contain “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of the federal securities laws. All statements, other than statements of historical facts, including statements concerning our plans, objectives, goals, beliefs, business strategies, future events, business conditions, our results of operations, financial position and our business outlook, business trends and other information, may be forward-looking statements. Words such as “might,” “will,” “may,” “should,” “estimates,” “expects,” “continues,” “contemplates,” “anticipates,” “projects,” “plans,” “potential,” “predicts,” “intends,” “believes,” “forecasts,” “future,” “targeted” and variations of such words or similar expressions are intended to identify forward-looking statements. The forward-looking statements are not historical facts, and are based upon our current expectations, beliefs, estimates and projections, and various assumptions, many of which, by their nature, are inherently uncertain and beyond our control. Our expectations, beliefs, estimates and projections are expressed in good faith and we believe there is a reasonable basis for them. However, there can be no assurance that management’s expectations, beliefs, estimates and projections will result or be achieved and actual results may vary materially from what is expressed in or indicated by the forward-looking statements.
There are a number of risks, uncertainties and other important factors, many of which are beyond our control, that could cause our actual results to differ materially from the forward-looking statements contained in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. Such risks, uncertainties and other important factors that could cause actual results to differ include, among others, the risks, uncertainties and factors set forth under “Item 1A.  Risk Factors” in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2017 (the “Annual Report on Form 10-K”), filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”), and under “Part II, Item 1A., Risk Factors” in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, as such risk factors may be updated from time to time in our periodic filings with the SEC, including this report, and are accessible on the SEC’s website at www.sec.gov, including the following:
 	•	complex federal and state regulations governing the treatment of animals, which can change, and claims and lawsuits and attempts to generate negative publicity associated with our business by activist groups;	
 	•	various factors beyond our control adversely affecting attendance and guest spending at our theme parks, including the potential spread of travel-related health concerns including, but not limited to, pandemics and epidemics such as Ebola, Zika, Influenza H1N1, avian bird flu, SARS and MERS;	
 	•	incidents or adverse publicity concerning our theme parks;	
 	•	a decline in discretionary consumer spending or consumer confidence;	
 	•	significant portion of revenues generated in the States of Florida (and the Orlando market), California and Virginia and any risks affecting such markets, such as natural disasters, severe weather and travel-related disruptions or incidents;	
 	•	seasonal fluctuations;	
 	•	inability to compete effectively in the highly competitive theme park industry;	
 	•	interactions between animals and our employees and our guests at attractions at our theme parks;	
 	•	animal exposure to infectious disease;	
 	•	high fixed cost structure of theme park operations;	
 	•	changing consumer tastes and preferences;	
 	•	cyber security risks and failure to maintain the integrity of internal or guest data;	
 	•	increased labor costs and employee health and welfare benefits;	
 	•	inability to grow our business or fund theme park capital expenditures;	
 	•	adverse litigation judgments or settlements as well as risks relating to audits, inspections and investigations by, or requests for information from, various federal and state regulatory agencies;	
 	•	inability to protect our intellectual property or the infringement on intellectual property rights of others;	
 	•	the loss of licenses and permits required to exhibit animals or the violation of laws and regulations;	
 	•	loss of key personnel;	
 	•	unionization activities or labor disputes;	
 	•	inability to meet workforce needs;	
 	•	inability to maintain certain commercial licenses;	
 	•	restrictions in our debt agreements limiting flexibility in operating our business;	
 	•	inability to retain our current credit ratings;	
 	•	our substantial leverage;	
1

 	•	inability to realize the benefits of acquisitions, restructurings or other strategic initiatives;	
 	•	inability to maintain sufficient insurance coverage;	
 	•	inability to purchase or contract with third party manufacturers for rides and attractions and the impact of the costs associated with such activities, including delays in attraction openings;	
 	•	inability to realize the full value of our intangible assets;	
 	•	environmental regulations, expenditures and liabilities;	
 	•	suspension or termination of any of our business licenses, including by legislation at federal, state or local levels;	
 	•	delays or restrictions in obtaining permits;	
 	•	policies of the U.S. president and his administration;	
 	•	actions of activist stockholders;	
 	•	the ability of Hill Path Capital LP to significantly influence our decisions;	
 	•	the ability of affiliates of Zhonghong Zhuoye Group Co., Ltd. to significantly influence our decisions;	
 	•	financial distress experienced by our strategic partners or other counterparties could have an adverse impact on us;	
 	•	changes or declines in our stock price, as well as the risk that securities analysts could downgrade our stock or our sector; and	
 	•	risks associated with our capital allocation plans and share repurchases, including the risk that our share repurchase program could increase volatility and fail to enhance stockholder value.	
We caution you that the risks, uncertainties and other factors referenced above may not contain all of the risks, uncertainties and other factors that are important to you. In addition, we cannot assure you that we will realize the results, benefits or developments that we expect or anticipate or, even if substantially realized, that they will result in the consequences or affect us or our business in the way expected. There can be no assurance that (i) we have correctly measured or identified all of the factors affecting our business or the extent of these factors’ likely impact, (ii) the available information with respect to these factors on which such analysis is based is complete or accurate, (iii) such analysis is correct or (iv) our strategy, which is based in part on this analysis, will be successful. All forward-looking statements in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q apply only as of the date of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q or as of the date they were made or as otherwise specified herein and, except as required by applicable law, we undertake no obligation to update any forward-looking statement, whether as a result of new information, future developments or otherwise.
All references to “we,” “us,” “our,” “Company” or “SeaWorld” in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q mean SeaWorld Entertainment, Inc., its subsidiaries and affiliates. 
Website and Social Media Disclosure
We use our websites ( www.seaworldentertainment.com and www.seaworldinvestors.com ) and our corporate Twitter account (@SeaWorld) as channels of distribution of Company information.  The information we post through these channels may be deemed material.  Accordingly, investors should monitor these channels, in addition to following our press releases, SEC filings and public conference calls and webcasts.  In addition, you may automatically receive e-mail alerts and other information about SeaWorld when you enroll your e-mail address by visiting the “E-mail Alerts” section of our website at www.seaworldinvestors.com . The contents of our website and social media channels are not, however, a part of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.
Trademarks, Service Marks and Trade Names
We own or have rights to use a number of registered and common law trademarks, service marks and trade names in connection with our business in the United States and in certain foreign jurisdictions, including SeaWorld Entertainment, SeaWorld Parks & Entertainment, SeaWorld ® , Shamu ® , Busch Gardens ® , Aquatica ® , Discovery Cove ® , Sea Rescue ® and other names and marks that identify our theme parks, characters, rides, attractions and other businesses. In addition, we have certain rights to use Sesame Street ® marks, characters and related indicia through our license agreement with Sesame Workshop.
Solely for convenience, the trademarks, service marks, and trade names referred to hereafter in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q are without the ® and ™ symbols, but such references are not intended to indicate, in any way, that we will not assert, to the fullest extent under applicable law, our rights or the rights of the applicable licensors to these trademarks, service marks, and trade names. This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q may contain additional trademarks, service marks and trade names of others, which are the property of their respective owners. All trademarks, service marks and trade names appearing in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q are, to our knowledge, the property of their respective owners.
2

PART I — FINANCI AL INFORMATIO N
 Item 1. Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
SEAWORLD ENTERTAINMENT, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
 UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
(In thousands, except share and per share amounts)
 
 	 	September 30,	 	 	December 31,	 	
 	 	2018	 	 	2017	 	
Assets	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Current assets:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Cash and cash equivalents	 	$	125,669	 	 	$	33,178	 	
Accounts receivable, net	 	 	66,842	 	 	 	38,400	 	
Inventories	 	 	34,782	 	 	 	30,887	 	
Prepaid expenses and other current assets	 	 	14,328	 	 	 	16,310	 	
Total current assets	 	 	241,621	 	 	 	118,775	 	
Property and equipment, at cost	 	 	3,069,523	 	 	 	2,952,074	 	
Accumulated depreciation	 	 	(1,380,764	)	 	 	(1,276,833	)	
Property and equipment, net	 	 	1,688,759	 	 	 	1,675,241	 	
Goodwill, net	 	 	66,278	 	 	 	66,278	 	
Trade names/trademarks, net	 	 	158,706	 	 	 	159,802	 	
Other intangible assets, net	 	 	14,287	 	 	 	14,896	 	
Deferred tax assets, net	 	 	22,813	 	 	 	32,820	 	
Other assets	 	 	19,513	 	 	 	17,970	 	
Total assets	 	$	2,211,977	 	 	$	2,085,782	 	
Liabilities and Stockholders’ Equity	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Current liabilities:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Accounts payable and accrued expenses	 	$	107,721	 	 	$	100,573	 	
Current maturities of long-term debt	 	 	23,707	 	 	 	38,707	 	
Accrued salaries, wages and benefits	 	 	24,779	 	 	 	14,554	 	
Deferred revenue	 	 	108,021	 	 	 	79,554	 	
Dividends payable	 	 	101	 	 	 	470	 	
Other accrued liabilities	 	 	34,553	 	 	 	19,612	 	
Total current liabilities	 	 	298,882	 	 	 	253,470	 	
Long-term debt, net of debt issuance costs of $6,939 and $9,045 as of September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively	 	 	1,489,289	 	 	 	1,503,609	 	
Deferred tax liabilities, net	 	 	18,584	 	 	 	—	 	
Other liabilities	 	 	31,886	 	 	 	41,237	 	
Total liabilities	 	 	1,838,641	 	 	 	1,798,316	 	
Commitments and contingencies (Note 10)	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Stockholders’ Equity:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Preferred stock, $0.01 par value—authorized, 100,000,000 shares, no shares issued or outstanding at September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	
Common stock, $0.01 par value—authorized, 1,000,000,000 shares; 93,234,871 and 92,637,403 shares issued at September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively	 	 	932	 	 	 	926	 	
Additional paid-in capital	 	 	660,231	 	 	 	641,324	 	
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)	 	 	4,946	 	 	 	(5,076	)	
Accumulated deficit	 	 	(137,902	)	 	 	(194,837	)	
Treasury stock, at cost (6,519,773 shares at September 30, 2018 and December 31,
   2017)	 	 	(154,871	)	 	 	(154,871	)	
Total stockholders’ equity	 	 	373,336	 	 	 	287,466	 	
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity	 	$	2,211,977	 	 	$	2,085,782	 	
 
See accompanying notes to unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

3

SEAWORLD ENTERTAINMENT, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
 UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF
COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS)
(In thousands, except per share amounts)
 
 	 	For the Three Months Ended September 30,	 	 	For the Nine Months Ended September 30,	 	
 	 	2018	 	 	2017	 	 	2018	 	 	2017	 	
Net revenues:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Admissions	 	$	279,873	 	 	$	264,967	 	 	$	635,682	 	 	$	605,007	 	
Food, merchandise and other	 	 	203,302	 	 	 	172,745	 	 	 	456,580	 	 	 	392,812	 	
Total revenues	 	 	483,175	 	 	 	437,712	 	 	 	1,092,262	 	 	 	997,819	 	
Costs and expenses:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Cost of food, merchandise and other revenues	 	 	36,062	 	 	 	31,988	 	 	 	85,012	 	 	 	75,532	 	
Operating expenses (exclusive of depreciation and amortization shown separately below and includes equity compensation of $2,119 and $976 for the three months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively, and $6,350 and $5,830 for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively)	 	 	198,781	 	 	 	194,802	 	 	 	544,354	 	 	 	541,395	 	
Selling, general and administrative (includes equity compensation of $3,064 and $2,269 for the three months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively, and $12,270 and $13,435 for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively)	 	 	51,549	 	 	 	54,770	 	 	 	186,076	 	 	 	176,340	 	
Goodwill impairment charges	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	269,332	 	
Restructuring and other separation costs	 	 	3,866	 	 	 	5,100	 	 	 	16,392	 	 	 	5,100	 	
Depreciation and amortization	 	 	41,187	 	 	 	42,230	 	 	 	119,635	 	 	 	120,597	 	
Total costs and expenses	 	 	331,445	 	 	 	328,890	 	 	 	951,469	 	 	 	1,188,296	 	
Operating income (loss)	 	 	151,730	 	 	 	108,822	 	 	 	140,793	 	 	 	(190,477	)	
Other income, net	 	 	(59	)	 	 	(108	)	 	 	(38	)	 	 	(111	)	
Interest expense	 	 	19,500	 	 	 	20,160	 	 	 	59,974	 	 	 	57,873	 	
Loss on early extinguishment of debt and write-off of discounts and debt issuance costs	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	8,143	 	
   Income (loss) before income taxes	 	 	132,289	 	 	 	88,770	 	 	 	80,857	 	 	 	(256,382	)	
Provision for (benefit from) income taxes	 	 	36,301	 	 	 	33,736	 	 	 	25,016	 	 	 	(74,437	)	
Net income (loss)	 	$	95,988	 	 	$	55,034	 	 	$	55,841	 	 	$	(181,945	)	
Other comprehensive income (loss):	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Unrealized gain on derivatives, net of tax	 	 	1,149	 	 	 	2,006	 	 	 	11,116	 	 	 	3,704	 	
Comprehensive income (loss)	 	$	97,137	 	 	$	57,040	 	 	$	66,957	 	 	$	(178,241	)	
  Income (loss) per share:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Net income (loss) per share, basic	 	$	1.11	 	 	$	0.64	 	 	$	0.65	 	 	$	(2.12	)	
Net income (loss) per share, diluted	 	$	1.10	 	 	$	0.64	 	 	$	0.64	 	 	$	(2.12	)	
Weighted average common shares outstanding:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Basic	 	 	86,616	 	 	 	86,012	 	 	 	86,410	 	 	 	85,712	 	
Diluted	 	 	87,542	 	 	 	86,284	 	 	 	87,029	 	 	 	85,712	 	
 
See accompanying notes to unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

4

SEAWORLD ENTERTAINMENT, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
 UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF CHANGES IN STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY
FOR THE NINE MONTHS ENDED SEPTEMBER 30, 2018
(In thousands, except per share and share amounts)
 
 	 	Shares of
Common
Stock
Issued	 	 	Common
Stock	 	 	Additional
Paid-In
Capital	 	 	Accumulated Deficit	 	 	Accumulated
Other
Comprehensive
(Loss) Income	 	 	Treasury
Stock,
at Cost	 	 	Total
Stockholders'
Equity	 	
Balance at December 31, 2017	 	 	92,637,403	 	 	$	926	 	 	$	641,324	 	 	$	(194,837	)	 	$	(5,076	)	 	$	(154,871	)	 	$	287,466	 	
Impact of adoption of ASU 2018-02	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	1,094	 	 	 	(1,094	)	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	
Equity-based compensation	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	18,620	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	18,620	 	
Unrealized gain on derivatives, net of tax expense of $4,117	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	11,116	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	11,116	 	
Vesting of restricted shares	 	 	582,128	 	 	 	6	 	 	 	(6	)	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	
Shares withheld for tax withholdings	 	 	(160,782	)	 	 	(2	)	 	 	(2,940	)	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	(2,942	)	
Exercise of stock options	 	 	176,122	 	 	 	2	 	 	 	3,189	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	3,191	 	
Adjustments to previous dividend declarations	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	44	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	44	 	
Net income	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	55,841	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	55,841	 	
Balance at September 30, 2018	 	 	93,234,871	 	 	$	932	 	 	$	660,231	 	 	$	(137,902	)	 	$	4,946	 	 	$	(154,871	)	 	$	373,336	 	
 
See accompanying notes to unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

5

SEAWORLD ENTERTAINMENT, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
 UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(In thousands)
 
 	 	For the Nine Months Ended September 30,	 	
 	 	2018	 	 	2017	 	
Cash Flows From Operating Activities:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Net income (loss)	 	$	55,841	 	 	$	(181,945	)	
Adjustments to reconcile net income (loss) to net cash provided by operating activities:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Goodwill impairment charges	 	 	—	 	 	 	269,332	 	
Depreciation and amortization	 	 	119,635	 	 	 	120,597	 	
Amortization of debt issuance costs and discounts	 	 	3,460	 	 	 	3,611	 	
Loss on early extinguishment of debt and write-off of discounts and debt issuance costs	 	 	—	 	 	 	8,143	 	
Loss on sale or disposal of assets, net	 	 	12,477	 	 	 	9,353	 	
Deferred benefit from income tax	 	 	24,478	 	 	 	(74,437	)	
Equity-based compensation	 	 	18,620	 	 	 	19,265	 	
Changes in assets and liabilities:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Accounts receivable	 	 	(36,806	)	 	 	(17,448	)	
Inventories	 	 	(3,374	)	 	 	(4,233	)	
Prepaid expenses and other current assets	 	 	2,866	 	 	 	6,452	 	
Accounts payable and accrued expenses	 	 	8,649	 	 	 	5,327	 	
Accrued salaries, wages and benefits	 	 	10,225	 	 	 	1,406	 	
Deferred revenue	 	 	36,586	 	 	 	19,867	 	
Other accrued liabilities	 	 	14,902	 	 	 	(451	)	
Other assets and liabilities	 	 	(101	)	 	 	2,940	 	
Net cash provided by operating activities	 	 	267,458	 	 	 	187,779	 	
Cash Flows From Investing Activities:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Capital expenditures	 	 	(140,878	)	 	 	(139,638	)	
Other investing activities	 	 	(349	)	 	 	1,515	 	
Net cash used in investing activities	 	 	(141,227	)	 	 	(138,123	)	
Cash Flows From Financing Activities:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Proceeds from issuance of debt	 	 	—	 	 	 	998,306	 	
Repayments of long-term debt	 	 	(17,780	)	 	 	(1,020,983	)	
Proceeds from draw on revolving credit facility	 	 	55,000	 	 	 	80,649	 	
Repayments of revolving credit facility	 	 	(70,000	)	 	 	(105,000	)	
Debt issuance costs	 	 	—	 	 	 	(15,390	)	
Dividends paid to stockholders	 	 	(325	)	 	 	(1,535	)	
Payment of tax withholdings on equity-based compensation through shares withheld	 	 	(2,942	)	 	 	(1,613	)	
Exercise of stock options	 	 	3,191	 	 	 	11	 	
Net cash used in financing activities	 	 	(32,856	)	 	 	(65,555	)	
Change in Cash and Cash Equivalents, including Restricted Cash	 	 	93,375	 	 	 	(15,899	)	
Cash and Cash Equivalents, including Restricted Cash—Beginning of period	 	 	33,997	 	 	 	69,378	 	
Cash and Cash Equivalents, including Restricted Cash—End of period	 	$	127,372	 	 	$	53,479	 	
Supplemental Disclosures of Noncash Investing and Financing Activities	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Capital expenditures in accounts payable	 	$	23,125	 	 	$	19,835	 	
Dividends declared, but unpaid	 	$	101	 	 	$	505	 	
 
See accompanying notes to unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

 
6

SEAWORLD ENTERTAINMENT, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
 NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

1. DESCRIPTION OF THE BUSINESS AND BASIS OF PRESENTATION
Description of the Business
SeaWorld Entertainment, Inc., through its wholly-owned subsidiary, SeaWorld Parks & Entertainment, Inc. (“SEA”) (collectively, the “Company”), owns and operates twelve theme parks within the United States. The Company operates SeaWorld theme parks in Orlando, Florida; San Antonio, Texas; and San Diego, California, and Busch Gardens theme parks in Tampa, Florida; and Williamsburg, Virginia. The Company operates water park attractions in Orlando, Florida (Aquatica); San Antonio, Texas (Aquatica); San Diego, California (Aquatica); Tampa, Florida (Adventure Island); and Williamsburg, Virginia (Water Country USA). The Company also operates a reservations-only theme park in Orlando, Florida (Discovery Cove) and a seasonal park in Langhorne, Pennsylvania (Sesame Place).
Basis of Presentation
The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements of the Company have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”) and applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) regarding interim financial reporting. Certain information and note disclosures normally included in annual financial statements prepared in accordance with GAAP have been condensed or omitted pursuant to such rules and regulations. Therefore, these unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and related notes for the year ended December 31, 2017 included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the SEC.  The unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheet as of December 31, 2017 was derived from the audited consolidated financial statements included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K.
In the opinion of management, such unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements reflect all normal recurring adjustments necessary to present fairly the financial position, results of operations, and cash flows for the interim periods, but are not necessarily indicative of the results of operations for the year ending December 31, 2018 or any future period due to the seasonal nature of the Company’s operations.  Based upon historical results, the Company typically generates its highest revenues in the second and third quarters of each year and incurs a net loss in the first and fourth quarters, in part because seven of its theme parks are only open for a portion of the year.
The unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and its wholly-owned subsidiaries, including SEA. All intercompany accounts have been eliminated in consolidation.
Use of Estimates
The preparation of financial statements and related disclosures in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting periods. Significant estimates and assumptions include, but are not limited to, the accounting for self-insurance, deferred tax assets, deferred revenue, equity compensation and the valuation of goodwill and other indefinite-lived intangible assets.  Actual results could differ from those estimates.
Segment Reporting
The Company maintains discrete financial information for each of its twelve theme parks, which is used by the Chief Operating Decision Maker (“CODM”), identified as the Chief Executive Officer, as a basis for allocating resources. Each theme park has been identified as an operating segment and meets the criteria for aggregation due to similar economic characteristics. In addition, all of the theme parks provide similar products and services and share similar processes for delivering services. The theme parks have a high degree of similarity in the workforces and target similar consumer groups. Accordingly, based on these economic and operational similarities and the way the CODM monitors and makes decisions affecting the operations, the Company has concluded that its operating segments may be aggregated and that it has one reportable segment.
7

SEAWORLD ENTERTAINMENT, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
 
Restricted Cash
Restricted cash is recorded in other current assets in the accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheets. Restricted cash consists primarily of funds received from strategic partners for use in approved marketing and promotional activities.
 
 	 	September 30,	 	 	December 31,	 	
 	 	2018	 	 	2017	 	
 	 	(In thousands)	 	
Cash and cash equivalents	 	$	125,669	 	 	$	33,178	 	
Restricted cash, included in other current assets	 	 	1,703	 	 	 	819	 	
Total cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash	 	$	127,372	 	 	$	33,997	 	
Revenue Recognition
Effective January 1, 2018, the Company adopted Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”), Topic 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers , using the modified retrospective transition method. The adoption of ASC 606 did not have a material impact on the Company’s existing or new contracts as of January 1, 2018; therefore, no cumulative adjustment to beginning retained earnings was required as a result of adoption.
ASC 606 is based on the principle that revenue is recognized to depict the transfer of goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the entity expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services. To determine revenue recognition for arrangements within the scope of ASC 606, the Company performs the following five steps: (i) identify the contracts with customers; (ii) identify the performance obligations in the contract; (iii) determine the transaction price; (iv) allocate the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract; and (v) recognize revenue when or as the company satisfies the performance obligations. ASC 606 also requires additional disclosure about the nature, amount, timing and uncertainty of revenue and cash flows arising from customer contracts. Total revenues in the accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated statements of comprehensive income (loss) are presented net of sales-related taxes collected from guests and remitted or payable to government taxing authorities.
Admissions Revenue
Admissions revenue primarily consists of single-day tickets, annual or season passes or other multi-day or multi-park admission products.  As allowed by the practical expedient available to public companies under ASC 606, admission products with similar characteristics are analyzed using a portfolio approach for each separate park as the Company expects that the effects on the consolidated financial statements of applying this guidance to the portfolio does not differ materially from applying the guidance to individual contracts within the portfolio. For single-day tickets, the Company recognizes revenue at a point in time, upon admission to the park.  Annual passes, season passes or other multi-day or multi-park passes allow guests access to specific parks over a specified time period. For these pass and multi-use products, revenue is deferred and recognized over the terms of the admission product based on estimated redemption rates for similar products and is adjusted periodically. The Company estimates a redemption rate using historical and forecasted growth rates and attendance trends by park for similar products.  Attendance trends factor in seasonality and are adjusted based on actual trends periodically. Revenue is recognized on a pro-rata basis based on the estimated allocated selling price of the admission product. For multi-day admission products, revenue is allocated based on the number of visits included in the pass and recognized ratably based on each admission into the theme park.  
The Company has also entered into agreements with certain external theme park, zoo and other attraction operators to jointly market and sell single and multi-use admission products. These joint products allow admission to both a Company park and an external park, zoo or other attraction. The agreements with the external partners specify the allocation of revenue to the Company from any jointly sold products. Whether the Company or the external partner sells the product, the Company’s portion of revenue is deferred until the first time the product is redeemed at one of its parks and recognized over its related use in a manner consistent with the Company’s own admission products.
Additionally, the Company barters theme park admission products and sponsorship opportunities for advertising, employee recognition awards, and various other services. The fair value of the products or services is recognized into admissions revenue and related expenses at the time of the exchange and approximates the estimated fair value first of the goods or services provided then received, whichever is more readily determinable. Amounts included within admissions revenue with an offset to either selling, general and administrative expenses or operating expenses in the accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated statements of comprehensive income (loss) related to bartered ticket transactions were $4.3 million and $12.9 million, respectively, for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018, and $4.2 million and $15.2 million, respectively, for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017.
8

SEAWORLD ENTERTAINMENT, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
 
Deferred revenue primarily includes revenue associated with pass products and contract liability balances rel ated to licensing and international agreements collected in advance of the Company’s performance and expected to be recognized in future periods. At September 30, 2018, $10.6 million is included in other liabilities in the accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheets related to the long-term portion of deferred revenue, of which $10.0 million relates to the Company’s international agreement, as discussed in the following section, which the Company expects to recognize over the term of the re spective license agreement beginning when substantially all of the services have been performed, which is expected to be upon opening.  
The following table reflects the changes in deferred revenue for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017:   
 
 	 	2018	 	 	2017	 	
 	 	(In thousands)	 	
Deferred revenue, including long-term portion as of January 1,	 	$	90,437	 	 	$	89,400	 	
Additions	 	 	749,321	 	 	 	674,171	 	
Revenue recognized during the period	 	 	(717,912	)	 	 	(650,804	)	
Other adjustments	 	 	(3,187	)	 	 	(8,296	)	
Deferred revenue, including long-term portion as of September 30,	 	 	118,659	 	 	 	104,471	 	
Less: Deferred revenue, long-term portion, included in other liabilities	 	 	10,638	 	 	 	10,548	 	
Deferred revenue, short-term portion as of September 30,	 	$	108,021	 	 	$	93,923	 	
 
 In accordance with the practical expedient available to public companies under ASC 606, the Company does not disclose the value of unsatisfied performance obligations for (i) contracts  with an original expected length of one year or less and (ii) contracts for which the Company recognizes revenue at the amount to which it has the right to invoice for services performed. Additionally, the Company generally expenses sales commissions when incurred because the amortization period would have been one year or less. These costs are recorded within selling, general and administrative expenses.
Food, Merchandise and Other Revenue
Food, merchandise and other revenue primarily consists of culinary, merchandise and other in-park products and also includes other miscellaneous revenue which is not significant in the periods presented, including revenue related to the Company’s international agreements as discussed below.  The Company recognizes revenue for food, merchandise and other in-park products when the related products or services are received by the guests.  Certain admission products may also include bundled products at the time of purchase, such as culinary or merchandise items.  The Company conducts an analysis of bundled products to identify separate distinct performance obligations that are material in the context of the contract. For those products that are determined to be distinct performance obligations and material in the context of the contract, the Company allocates a portion of the transaction price to each distinct performance obligation using each performance obligation’s standalone price.  If the bundled product is related to a pass product and offered over time, revenue will be recognized over time accordingly.
International Agreements
In March 2017, the Company entered into a Park Exclusivity and Concept Design Agreement (the “ECDA”) and a Center Concept and Preliminary Design Support Agreement (the “CDSA”) (collectively, the “ZHG Agreements”) with an affiliate of Zhonghong Zhuoye Group Co., Ltd. (“ZHG Group”), a related party, to provide design, support and advisory services for various potential projects and grant exclusive rights in China, Taiwan, Hong Kong and Macau (the “Territory”). The Company analyzed the ZHG Agreements under ASC 606 and determined that the agreements should be combined for accounting purposes and the respective performance obligations should be combined into a single performance obligation which meets the criteria to be recognized over time.  Additionally, the services related to the agreements are provided ratably over the contract term, as such, the Company recognizes revenue under the ZHG Agreements on a straight line basis over the contractual term of the agreements including approximately $1.3 million and $3.8 million in the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018, respectively, which is included in food, merchandise and other revenue in the accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated statements of comprehensive income (loss). See further discussion in Note 9–Related Party Transactions.
9

SEAWORLD ENTERTAINMENT, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
 
The Company has also received $10.0 million in deferred revenue recorded in other liabilities related to a nonrefundable payment received from a partner in conne ction with a potential project in the Middle East (the “Middle East Project”) to provide certain services pertaining to the planning and design of the Middle East Project, with funding received expected to offset internal expenses.  Approximately $3.6 mill ion of costs incurred related to the Middle East Project are recorded in other assets in the accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheet as of September 30, 2018.  The Company has recognized an asset for the costs incurred to fulfill the co ntract as the costs are specifically identifiable, enhance resources that will be used to satisfy performance obligations in the future and are expected to be recovered. The related deferred revenue and expense will begin to be recognized when substantiall y all of the services have been performed, which is expected to be upon opening of the park. The Company continually monitors performance on the contract and will make adjustments, if necessary. The Middle East Project is subject to various conditions, inc luding, but not limited to, the parties completing the design development and there is no assurance that the Middle East Project will be completed or advance to the next stages.
Goodwill and Other Indefinite-Lived Intangible Assets
Goodwill and other indefinite-lived intangible assets are not amortized, but instead reviewed for impairment at least annually on December 1, and as of an interim date should factors or indicators become apparent that would require an interim test, with ongoing recoverability based on applicable reporting unit overall financial performance and consideration of significant events or changes in the overall business environment or macroeconomic conditions. Such events or changes in the overall business environment could include, but are not limited to, significant negative trends or unanticipated changes in the competitive or macroeconomic environment.
As of June 30, 2017, the Company determined a triggering event occurred that required an interim goodwill impairment test for its SeaWorld Orlando reporting unit. Based on the test results, the Company concluded that the SeaWorld Orlando reporting unit’s goodwill as of June 30, 2017 was fully impaired and recorded a non-cash goodwill impairment charge of $269.3 million in its unaudited condensed consolidated statement of comprehensive income (loss) during the nine months ended September 30, 2017. Fair value for the SeaWorld Orlando reporting unit was determined using the income approach and represented a Level 3 fair value measurement measured on a non-recurring basis in the fair value hierarchy due to the Company’s use of internal projections and unobservable measurement inputs.  The remaining goodwill balance of $66.3 million as of September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017 on the accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheets relates to the Company’s Discovery Cove reporting unit.
2. RECENT ACCOUNTING PRONOUNCEMENTS
The Company reviews new accounting pronouncements as they are issued or proposed by the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”).
Recently Implemented Accounting Standards
In February 2018, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2018-02, Income Statement – Reporting Comprehensive Income (Topic 220): Reclassification of Certain Tax Effects from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income.   This ASU gives companies the option to reclassify to retained earnings any tax effects related to items in accumulated other comprehensive income or loss that are stranded due to the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (the “Tax Act”). Companies are able to early adopt this ASU in any interim or annual period for which financial statements have not yet been issued and apply it either (1) in the period of adoption or (2) retrospectively to each period in which the income tax effects of the Tax Act related to items in accumulated other comprehensive income or loss are recognized. When adopted, the ASU requires all entities to make new disclosures, regardless of whether they elect to reclassify stranded amounts. Companies are required to disclose whether or not they elected to reclassify the tax effects related to the Tax Act as well as their policy for releasing income tax effects from accumulated other comprehensive income or loss.  The guidance is effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2018, and interim periods within those annual reporting periods with early adoption permitted. On January 1, 2018, the Company elected to early adopt the ASU and applied the amendments in the period of adoption. As a result, the Company reclassified $1.1 million of “stranded” tax effects of the Tax Act from accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) to accumulated deficit in the accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheet and the accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated statements of changes in stockholders’ equity.   See Note 7 – Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities for additional disclosure.     
 In August 2017, the FASB issued ASU No. 2017-12, Derivatives and Hedging (Topic 815): Targeted Improvements to Accounting for Hedging Activities . ASU 2017-12 aims to improve reporting of hedging relationships to better portray the economic results of an entity’s risk management activities in its financial statements and simplify the application of the hedge accounting guidance.  This ASU is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018 and interim periods within those annual reporting periods with early adoption permitted. For cash flow and net investment hedges existing as of the adoption date, the guidance requires a cumulative-effect adjustment as of the beginning of the fiscal year that an entity adopts the amendments; however, the presentation and disclosure guidance should be applied prospectively. The Company adopted ASU 2017-12 during the second quarter of 2018. The impact of the adoption was not material to the Company’s unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements; as a result, no
10

SEAWORLD ENTERTAINMENT, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
 
cumulative effect adjustment to beginning retained earnings was required. See Note 7 – Deriv ative Instruments and Hedging Activities for additional disclosure.  
In May 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-09, Compensation–Stock Compensation (Topic 718): Scope of Modification Accounting. This ASU was issued to provide clarity and reduce diversity in practice regarding the application of guidance on the modification of equity awards. The guidance is effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2017, and interim periods within those annual reporting periods with early adoption permitted and should be applied prospectively to an award modified on or after the adoption date. The Company adopted this standard on January 1, 2018. The adoption of ASU 2017-17 did not have a material impact on the Company’s unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements as the Company historically has accounted for all modifications in accordance with Topic 718 and has not been subject to the exception described under this ASU.
In November 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-18, Restricted Cash–a Consensus of the FASB Emerging Issues Task Force . This ASU requires companies to include restricted cash balances with cash and cash equivalent balances in the statement of cash flows. The guidance is effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2017, and interim periods within those annual reporting periods with early adoption permitted, and should be applied using a retrospective transition method. The Company adopted this standard on January 1, 2018 using the retrospective transition method.  The adoption of ASU 2016-18 decreased net cash used in investing activities and increased cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash by $0.7 million when compared to the previously reported amounts in the accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated statement of cash flows for the nine months ended September 30, 2017.
In October 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-16, Income Taxes (Topic 740): Intra-Entity Transfers of Assets Other Than Inventory . ASU 2016-16 simplifies the income tax accounting of intra-entity transfers of an asset other than inventory by requiring an entity to recognize the income tax effect when the transfer occurs. The guidance is effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2017, including interim reporting periods within those annual reporting periods and early adoption is permitted. The Company adopted this standard on January 1, 2018 using a modified retrospective transition method. The adoption of ASU 2016-16 did not have a material impact on the Company’s unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.
In August 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-15, Classification of Certain Cash Receipts and Cash Payments. This ASU provides guidance on the presentation and classification of eight specific cash flow issues that previously resulted in diversity in practice. The ASU is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2017 and interim periods therein. The Company adopted this standard on January 1, 2018 using a retrospective transition method to each period presented. The adoption of ASU 2016-15 did not have a material impact on the Company’s unaudited condensed consolidated statements of cash flows.
In May 2014, the FASB issued ASU 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606) , which supersedes the revenue recognition requirements in Topic 605, Revenue Recognition . Under this ASU and subsequently issued amendments, revenue is recognized at the time a good or service is transferred to a customer for the amount of consideration expected to be received. Entities may use a full retrospective approach or report the cumulative effect as of the date of adoption. The Company adopted this standard and subsequently issued amendments on January 1, 2018, using the modified retrospective transition method. The adoption of ASU 2014-09 and its subsequently issued amendments did not have a material impact on the Company’s existing or new contracts as of January 1, 2018; therefore, no cumulative adjustment to beginning retained earnings was required as a result of adoption. See Note 1 “Description of the Business and Basis of Presentation” subtopic “ Revenue Recognition ” for additional disclosure.
Recently Issued Accounting Standards
In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842) .  The new standard is intended to provide enhanced transparency and comparability by requiring lessees to record right-of-use (“ROU”) assets and corresponding lease liabilities on the balance sheet. The new guidance will require the Company to continue to classify leases as either operating or financing, with classification affecting the pattern of expense recognition in the income statement. Accounting by lessors will remain largely unchanged from current U.S. GAAP. Lessees and lessors are also required to disclose qualitative and quantitative information about leasing arrangements to enable financial statement users to assess the amount, timing and uncertainty of cash flows arising from leases. In July 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-10, Codification Improvements to Topic 842, Leases , and ASU 2018-11, Leases (Topic 842) Targeted Improvements .  ASU 2018-10 clarifies how to apply certain aspects of ASU 2016-02. ASU 2018-11 provides entities the option of recognizing the cumulative effect of applying the new standard as an adjustment to beginning retained earnings in the year of adoption while continuing to present all prior periods under previous lease accounting guidance. These ASUs will be effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2018, and interim periods therein with early adoption permitted.  The Company plans on adopting these ASU’s (collectively, “ASC 842”) as of January 1, 2019.   The new standard also provides a number of optional provisions, known as practical expedients, which companies may elect to adopt to facilitate implementation. The Company expects to elect these practical expedients which, among other items, precludes the Company from needing to reassess 1) whether any expired or existing contracts are or contain leases, 2) the lease classification of any expired or existing leases, and 3) initial direct costs for any existing leases.
11

SEAWORLD ENTERTAINMENT, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
 
The Company has been closely monitoring developments related to ASC 842 and continues to evaluate its impact on accounting and disclosure requirements.  Th e Company is currently finalizing an internal assessment and review of its existing lease arrangements.  Based on the results of this internal review to date, the Company expects its San Diego land lease, among other operating leases, to be recorded as rig ht-of-use assets with corresponding lease liabilities, which are expected to have material effect on the Company’s consolidated balance sheet.  The Company does not expect the adoption of these ASUs to have a material effect on its consolidated statements of comprehensive income (loss) or cash flows.  For more information regarding the Company’s commitments under long-term operating leases requiring annual minimum lease payments, refer to Note 15 – Commitments and Contingencies in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2017.
In July 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-09, Codification Improvements, which clarifies, corrects and makes minor improvements to a wide variety of topics in the ASC. The amendments make the ASC easier to understand and apply by eliminating inconsistencies and providing clarifications. The transition and effective dates are based on the facts and circumstances of each amendment, with some amendments becoming effective upon issuance of the ASU, and others becoming effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2018. Included in this ASU are amendments to ASC 718-740 , Compensation - Stock Compensation - Income Taxes, which clarify that an entity should recognize excess tax benefits in the period in which the amount of deduction is determined.  The Company is evaluating the effect of the amendments within ASU 2018-09, but does not expect a material impact on the Company's financial position or results of operations.
In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-15, Intangibles-Goodwill and Other-Internal-Use Software (Subtopic 350-40): Customer’s Accounting for Implementation Costs Incurred in a Cloud Computing Arrangement That is a Service Contract .  This ASU generally aligns the requirements for capitalizing implementation costs incurred in a hosting arrangement that is a service contract with the requirements for capitalizing implementation costs incurred to develop or obtain internal-use software. Capitalized implementation costs related to a hosting arrangement that is a service contract will be amortized over the term of the hosting arrangement, beginning when the module or component of the hosting arrangement is ready for its intended use.  The ASU also adds certain disclosure requirements related to implementation costs incurred for internal-use software and cloud computing arrangements.  ASU 2018-15 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019 and interim periods within those fiscal years, with early adoption permitted. The amendments in this ASU can be applied either retrospectively or prospectively to all implementation costs incurred after the date of adoption. The Company is evaluating the effect of adopting this new accounting guidance, but does not expect adoption will have a material impact on the Company’s financial position or results of operations.
 In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-13, Fair Value Measurement (Topic 820). The ASU eliminates certain disclosures related to the amount of and reasons for transfers between Level 1 and Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy. The ASU adds new disclosure requirements for Level 3 measurements. This ASU is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019, and interim periods within those fiscal years, with early adoption permitted for any eliminated or modified disclosures. The Company is evaluating the effect of adopting this new accounting guidance, but does not expect adoption will have a material impact on the Company's disclosures.
3. EARNINGS (LOSS) PER SHARE
Earnings (loss) per share is computed as follows:
 
	 	For the Three Months Ended September 30,	 	 	For the Nine Months Ended September 30,	 	
 	 	2018	 	 	2017	 	 	2018	 	 	2017	 	
 	 	Net
Income	 	 	Shares	 	 	Per
Share
Amount	 	 	Net
Income	 	 	Shares	 	 	Per
Share
Amount	 	 	Net Income	 	 	Shares	 	 	Per
Share
Amount	 	 	Net
Loss	 	 	Shares	 	 	Per
Share
Amount	 	
 	 	(In thousands, except per share amounts)	 	
Basic earnings (loss) per share	 	$	95,988	 	 	 	86,616	 	 	$	1.11	 	 	$	55,034	 	 	 	86,012	 	 	$	0.64	 	 	$	55,841	 	 	 	86,410	 	 	$	0.65	 	 	$	(181,945	)	 	 	85,712	 	 	$	(2.12	)	
Effect of dilutive incentive-based awards	 	 	 	 	 	 	926	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	272	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	619	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	 	 	
Diluted earnings (loss) per share	 	$	95,988	 	 	 	87,542	 	 	$	1.10	 	 	$	55,034	 	 	 	86,284	 	 	$	0.64	 	 	$	55,841	 	 	 	87,029	 	 	$	0.64	 	 	$	(181,945	)	 	 	85,712	 	 	$	(2.12	)	
 
In accordance with the Earnings Per Share Topic of the ASC, basic earnings (loss) per share is computed by dividing net income (loss) by the weighted average number of shares of common stock outstanding during the period (excluding treasury stock and unvested restricted stock). Shares of unvested restricted stock are eligible to receive dividends, if any; however, dividend rights will be forfeited if the award does not vest.  Accordingly, only vested shares of formerly restricted stock are included in the calculation of basic earnings per share. The weighted average number of repurchased shares during the period, if any, which are held as treasury stock, are excluded from shares of common stock outstanding.
12

SEAWORLD ENTERTAINMENT, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
 
Diluted earnings (loss) per share is determined using the treasury stock method based on the dilutive effect of unvested restricted shares, restricted stock units and certain shares of common stock that are issuable upon exercise of stock optio ns. There were no anti-dilutive shares of common stock excluded from the computation of diluted earnings per share during the three months ended September 30, 2018 and for the nine months ended September 30, 2018, there were approximately 1,736,000 anti-di lutive shares of common stock excluded from the computation of diluted earnings per share.  During the three months ended September 30, 2017, there were approximately 4,180,000 anti-dilutive shares of common stock excluded from the computation of diluted e arnings per share.  During the nine months ended September 30, 2017, there were approximately 5,137,000 potentially dilutive shares excluded from the computation of diluted loss per share, as their effect would have been anti-dilutive due to the Company’s net loss in that period.  The Company’s outstanding performance-vesting restricted awards of approximately 1,941,000 and 2,475,000 as of September 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively, are considered contingently issuable shares and are excluded from the calcul ation of diluted earnings (loss) per share until the performance measure criteria is met as of the end of the reporting period.  
4. INCOME TAXES
Income tax expense or benefit is recognized based on the Company’s estimated annual effective tax rate which is based upon the tax rate expected for the full calendar year applied to the pretax income or loss of the interim period. The Company’s consolidated effective tax rate for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 was 27.4% and 30.9%,   respectively, and differs from the recently enacted statutory federal income tax rate of 21% primarily due to state income taxes and other permanent items including a nondeductible legal settlement and equity-based compensation.  The Company’s consolidated effective tax rate for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017 was 38.0% and 29.0%, respectively, and differs from th e previously effective statutory federal income tax rate of 35% primarily due to state income taxes and other permanent items, including nondeductible goodwill impairment and equity-based compensation.  
The Company has determined that there are no positions currently taken that would rise to a level requiring an amount to be recorded or disclosed as an unrecognized tax benefit. If such positions do arise, it is the Company’s intent that any interest or penalty amount related to such positions will be recorded as a component of the income tax provision (benefit) in the applicable period.
On December 22, 2017, the United States enacted the Tax A ct which makes significant modifications to the provisions of the Internal Revenue Code, including but not limited to a corporate tax rate decrease from 35% to 21% effective January 1, 2018.  The Company has calculated the impact of the Tax Act in accordance with its current interpretation and available guidance, particularly as it relates to the future deductibility of executive compensation items and state conformity to the Tax Act.
5. OTHER ACCRUED LIABILITIES
Other accrued liabilities at September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, consisted of the following:
 
 	 	September 30,	 	 	December 31,	 	
 	 	2018	 	 	2017	 	
 	 	(In thousands)	 	
Accrued property taxes	 	$	10,639	 	 	$	1,280	 	
Accrued interest	 	 	1,045	 	 	 	6,078	 	
Self-insurance reserve	 	 	7,123	 	 	 	7,084	 	
Other	 	 	15,746	 	 	 	5,170	 	
Total other accrued expenses	 	$	34,553	 	 	$	19,612	 	
As of September 30, 2018, other liabilities above include $11.5 million related to the EZPay plan lawsuit legal settlement, further described in Note 10–Commitments and Contingencies.  As of December 31, 2017, accrued interest above included $5.1 million relating to the Company’s fourth quarter 2017 interest payable on its Term B-2 Loans, which was paid on January 5, 2018.  
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SEAWORLD ENTERTAINMENT, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
 
6. LONG-TERM DEBT
Long-term debt as of September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017 consisted of the following:
 	 	September 30,	 	 	December 31,	 	
 	 	2018	 	 	2017	 	
 	 	(In thousands)	 	
Term B-5 Loans (effective interest rate of 5.24% and 4.69% at September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively)	 	$	983,331	 	 	$	990,819	 	
Term B-2 Loans (effective interest rate of 4.49% and 3.94% at September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively)	 	 	543,935	 	 	 	554,227	 	
Revolving credit facility (effective interest rate of 4.24% at December 31, 2017)	 	 	—	 	 	 	15,000	 	
Total long-term debt	 	 	1,527,266	 	 	 	1,560,046	 	
Less discounts	 	 	(7,331	)	 	 	(8,685	)	
Less debt issuance costs	 	 	(6,939	)	 	 	(9,045	)	
Less current maturities	 	 	(23,707	)	 	 	(38,707	)	
Total long-term debt, net	 	$	1,489,289	 	 	$	1,503,609	 	
 
SEA is the borrower under the senior secured credit facilities, as amended pursuant to a credit agreement (the “Existing Credit Agreement”) dated as of December 1, 2009, as the same may be amended, restated, supplemented or modified from time to time (the “Senior Secured Credit Facilities”).  
On March 31, 2017, SEA entered into a refinancing amendment, Amendment No. 8 (the “Amendment No. 8”), to its Existing Credit Agreement.  In connection with the Amendment No. 8, SEA borrowed $998.3 million of additional term loans (the “Term B-5 Loans”) of which the proceeds, along with cash on hand, were used to redeem all of the then outstanding principal of the Term B-3 loans (the “Term B-3 Loans”), with a principal amount equal to $244.7 million and a portion of the outstanding principal of the Term B-2 loans (the “Term B-2 Loans”), with a principal amount equal to $753.6 million, and pay other fees, costs and expenses in connection with the Amendment No. 8 and related transactions. Additionally, pursuant to the Amendment No. 8, SEA terminated the existing revolving credit commitments and replaced them with a new tranche of revolving credit commitments with an aggregate commitment amount of $210.0 million (the “Revolving Credit Facility”).
In connection with the issuance of the Term B-5 Loans as a result of Amendment No. 8, SEA recorded a discount of $5.0 million and debt issuance costs of $0.04 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2017. Additionally, SEA wrote-off debt issuance costs of $8.0 million, which is included in loss on early extinguishment of debt and write-off of discounts and debt issuances costs in the accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated statements of comprehensive income (loss) during the nine months ended September 30, 2017. See discussion in the Senior Secured Credit Facilities section which follows for further information.
Debt issuance costs and discounts are amortized to interest expense using the effective interest method over the term of the related debt and are included in long-term debt, net, in the accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheets. Unamortized debt issuance costs and discounts for the Term B-5 Loans, Term B-2 Loans and Revolving Credit Facility were $10.4 million, $2.2 million and $1.6 million, respectively, at September 30, 2018. Unamortized debt issuance costs and discounts for the Term B-5 Loans, Term B-2 Loans and Revolving Credit Facility were $11.9 million, $3.3 million and $2.5 million, respectively, at December 31, 2017.
On October 31, 2018, SEA entered into another refinancing amendment, Amendment No. 9 (the “Amended Credit Agreement”), to its Existing Credit Agreement.  In connection with the Amended Credit Agreement, SEA borrowed $543.9 million of additional term loans (the “Additional Term B-5 Loans”) of which the proceeds, along with cash on hand, were used to redeem all of the then outstanding principal of the Term B-2 Loans, with a principal amount equal to $543.9 million, and pay other fees, costs and expenses in connection with the Amended Credit Agreement and related transactions.  Additionally, pursuant to the Amended Credit Agreement, SEA terminated the existing revolving credit commitments and replaced them with a new tranche of revolving credit commitments with an aggregate commitment amount of $210.0 million (the “New Revolving Credit Facility”) with a maturity date of October 31, 2023.  
As of September 30, 2018, SEA was in compliance with all covenants contained in the documents governing the Senior Secured Credit Facilities.
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SEAWORLD ENTERTAINMENT, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
 
Senior Secured Credit Facilities
As of September 30, 2018, prior to the Amended Credit Agreement, the Senior Secured Credit Facilities consisted of $983.3 million in Term B-5 Loans which will mature on March 31, 2024, $543.9 million in Term B-2 Loans which would have matured on May 14, 2020, and the $210.0 million Revolving Credit Facility, which was not drawn upon as of September 30, 2018.  The outstanding balance under the Revolving Credit Facility was included in current maturities of long-term debt in the accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheet as of December 31, 2017 due to the Company’s intent to repay the borrowings within the following twelve month period.
Prior to the Amended Credit Agreement, the Term B-5 Loans amortized in equal quarterly installments in an aggregate annual amount equal to approximately 1.0% of the original principal amount of the Term B-5 Loans on March 31, 2017, with the balance due on the final maturity date of March 31, 2024. SEA may voluntarily repay amounts outstanding under the Senior Secured Credit Facilities at any time without premium or penalty, other than customary “breakage” costs with respect to LIBOR loans.
SEA is required to prepay the outstanding Term B-5 Loans, subject to certain exceptions, with
 	(i)	50% of SEA’s annual “excess cash flow” (with step-downs to 25% and 0%, as applicable, based upon achievement by SEA of a certain secured net leverage ratio), subject to certain exceptions;	
 	(ii)	100% of the net cash proceeds of certain non-ordinary course asset sales or other dispositions subject to reinvestment rights and certain exceptions; and	
 	(iii)	100% of the net cash proceeds of any incurrence of debt by SEA or any of its restricted subsidiaries, other than debt permitted to be incurred or issued under the Senior Secured Credit Facilities.	
Notwithstanding any of the foregoing, each lender of term loans has the right to reject its pro rata share of mandatory prepayments described above, in which case SEA may retain the amounts so rejected. The foregoing mandatory prepayments will be applied pro rata to installments of term loans in direct order of maturity. During the first quarter of 2017, the Company made a mandatory prepayment of approximately $6.3 million based on its excess cash flow calculation as of December 31, 2016. Approximately $3.5 million of the mandatory prepayment was accepted by the lenders and applied ratably to the Term B-2 and Term B-3 Loans prior to the Amendment No. 8 on March 31, 2017, and the remainder of $2.8 million was applied as a voluntary prepayment to the Term B-2 Loans in the quarter ended June 30, 2017. There were no mandatory prepayments made during the three or nine months ended September 30, 2018.
As of September 30, 2018, SEA had approximately $21.3 million of outstanding letters of credit, leaving approximately $188.7 million available for borrowing under the Revolving Credit Facility.
Restrictive Covenants
The Senior Secured Credit Facilities contain a number of customary negative covenants. Such covenants, among other things, restrict, subject to certain exceptions, the ability of SEA and its restricted subsidiaries to incur additional indebtedness; make guarantees; create liens on assets; enter into sale and leaseback transactions; engage in mergers or consolidations; sell assets; make fundamental changes; pay dividends and distributions or repurchase SEA’s capital stock; make investments, loans and advances, including acquisitions; engage in certain transactions with affiliates; make changes in the nature of the business; and make prepayments of junior debt.
The Senior Secured Credit Facilities prior to the Amended Credit Agreement also contained covenants requiring SEA to limit annual capital expenditures, and maintain a maximum total net leverage ratio and a minimum interest coverage ratio. Following SEA’s entry into the Amended Credit Agreement, such financial covenants on the Term B-5 Loans were removed.  The New Revolving Credit Facility requires that SEA comply with a springing maximum first lien secured leverage ratio of 6.25x to be tested as of the last day of any fiscal quarter, solely to the extent that on such date the aggregate amount of funded loans and letters of credit (excluding undrawn letters of credit in an amount not to exceed $30.0 million and cash collateralized letters of credit) under the New Revolving Credit Facility exceeds an amount equal to 35% of the then outstanding commitments under the New Revolving Credit Facility.
All of the net assets of SEA and its consolidated subsidiaries are restricted and there are no unconsolidated subsidiaries of SEA.
15

SEAWORLD ENTERTAINMENT, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
 
The Senior Secured Credit Facilities permit restricted payments in an aggregate amount per annum equal to the sum of (A) $25.0 million plus (B) an amount, if any, equal to (1) if the total net leverage ratio on a pro forma basis after giving effect to the payment of any such restricted payment, is no greater than 3.50 to 1.00, an unlimited amount, (2) if the total net leverage ratio on a pro forma basis after giving effect to the payment of any such restricted payment is no greater than 4.00 to 1.00 and greater than 3.50 to 1.00, the greater of (a) $95.0 million and (b) 7.50% of Market Capitalization (as defined in the Senior Secured Credit Facilities), (3) if the total net leverage ratio on a pro forma basis after giving effect to the payment of any such restricted payment is no greater than 4.50 to 1.00 and greater than 4.00 to 1.00, $95.0 million and (4) if the total net leverage ratio on a pro forma basis after giving eff ect to the payment of any such restricted payment is no greater than 5.00 to 1.00 and greater than 4.50 to 1.00, $65.0 million.
As of September 30, 2018, the total net leverage ratio as calculated under the Senior Secured Credit Facilities was 3.40 to 1.00.  The amount available for dividend declarations, share repurchases and certain other restricted payments under the covenant restrictions in the debt agreements adjusts at the beginning of each quarter, as set forth above.  
Long-term debt as of September 30, 2018 is repayable as follows, not including the impact of the Amended Credit Agreement or any future voluntary prepayments:

Years Ending December 31:	 	(In thousands)	 	
2018	 	$	5,927	 	
2019	 	 	23,707	 	
2020	 	 	536,763	 	
2021	 	 	9,983	 	
2022	 	 	9,983	 	
Thereafter	 	 	940,903	 	
Total	 	$	1,527,266	 	
Interest Rate Swap Agreements
As of September 30, 2018, the Company has five interest rate swap agreements (the “Interest Rate Swap Agreements”) which effectively fix the interest rate on LIBOR-indexed interest payments associated with $1.0 billion of SEA’s outstanding long-term debt. The Interest Rate Swap Agreements became effective on September 30, 2016; have a total notional amount of $1.0 billion; mature on May 14, 2020; require the Company to pay a weighted-average fixed rate of 2.45% per annum; provide that the Company receives a variable rate of interest based upon the greater of 0.75% or the BBA LIBOR; and have interest settlement dates occurring on the last day of September, December, March and June through maturity.
SEA designated the Interest Rate Swap Agreements above as qualifying cash flow hedge accounting relationships as further discussed in Note 7–Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities which follows.
Cash paid for interest relating to the Senior Secured Credit Facilities and the Interest Rate Swap Agreements, net of amounts capitalized, as applicable was $61.8 million and $67.3 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively. Cash paid for interest in the nine months ended September 30, 2018 includes $5.1 million relating to the Company’s fourth quarter 2017 interest payable on its Senior Secured Credit Facilities which was paid on January 5, 2018. Cash paid for interest in the nine months ended September 30, 2017 includes $12.9 million relating to the Company’s fourth quarter 2016 interest payable on its Senior Secured Credit Facilities which was paid on January 3, 2017.
7. DERIVATIVE INSTRUMENTS AND HEDGING ACTIVITIES
Risk Management Objective of Using Derivatives
The Company is exposed to certain risks arising from both its business operations and economic conditions. The Company principally manages its exposures to a wide variety of business and operational risks through management of its core business activities. The Company manages economic risks, including interest rate, liquidity and credit risk primarily by managing the amount, sources and duration of its debt funding and the use of derivative financial instruments. Specifically, the Company enters into derivative financial instruments to manage exposures that arise from business activities that result in the receipt or payment of future known and uncertain cash amounts, the value of which are determined by interest rates. The Company’s derivative financial instruments are used to manage differences in the amount, timing and duration of the Company’s known or expected cash receipts and its known or expected cash payments principally related to the Company’s borrowings. The Company does not speculate using derivative instruments.
As of September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, the Company did not have any derivatives outstanding that were not designated in hedge accounting relationships.
16

SEAWORLD ENTERTAINMENT, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
 
Cash Flow Hedges of Interest Rate Risk
The Company’s objectives in using interest rate derivatives are to add stability to interest expense and to manage its exposure to interest rate movements. To accomplish this objective, the Company primarily uses interest rate swaps as part of its interest rate risk management strategy. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017, such derivatives were used to hedge the variable cash flows associated with existing variable-rate debt.
As of September 30, 2018, the Company has five Interest Rate Swap Agreements that mature on May 14, 2020, which effectively fix the interest rate on LIBOR-indexed interest payments associated with $1.0 billion of SEA’s outstanding long-term debt.  
The interest rate swap agreements are designated as cash flow hedges of interest rate risk. The changes in the fair value of derivatives designated and that qualify as cash flow hedges are recorded in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) and is subsequently reclassified into earnings in the period that the hedged forecasted transaction affects earnings. Amounts reported in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) related to derivatives will be reclassified to interest expense as interest payments are made on the Company’s variable-rate debt. During the next 12 months, the Company estimates that an additional $2.8 million will be reclassified as interest income.
Tabular Disclosure of Fair Values of Derivative Instruments on the Balance Sheet
The table below presents the fair value of the Company’s derivative financial instruments as well as their classification on the unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheets as of September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017:
 
 	 	Asset Derivatives	 	 	Liability Derivatives	 	
 	 	As of September 30, 2018	 	 	As of December 31, 2017	 	
 	 	Balance Sheet
Location	 	Fair Value	 	 	Balance Sheet
Location	 	Fair Value	 	
Derivatives designated as hedging instruments:	 	(In thousands)	 	
Interest rate swap agreements	 	Other assets	 	$	6,774	 	 	Other liabilities	 	$	8,455	 	
Total derivatives designated as hedging instruments	 	 	 	$	6,774	 	 	 	 	$	8,455	 	
Tabular Disclosure of the Effect of Derivative Instruments on the Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss)
The table below presents the pretax effect of the Company’s derivative financial instruments on the unaudited condensed consolidated statements of comprehensive income (loss) for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017:
 
 	 	Three Months Ended September 30,	 	 	Nine Months Ended September 30,	 	
 	 	2018	 	 	2017	 	 	2018	 	 	2017	 	
Derivatives in Cash Flow Hedging Relationships:	 	(In thousands)	 	
Gain related to effective portion of derivatives recognized in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)	 	$	1,875	 	 	$	6,298	 	 	$	17,768	 	 	$	16,066	 	
(Loss) related to effective portion of derivatives reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) to interest expense	 	$	(301	)	 	$	(2,957	)	 	$	(2,535	)	 	$	(9,897	)	
 
Credit Risk-Related Contingent Features
The Company has agreements with each of its derivative counterparties that contain a provision where if the Company defaults on any of its indebtedness, including default where repayment of the indebtedness has not been accelerated by the lender, then the Company could also be declared in default on its derivative obligations.   
17

SEAWORLD ENTERTAINMENT, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
 
Changes in Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)
The following table reflects the changes in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) for the nine months ended September 30, 2018, net of tax :
 	 	 	 	 	 	Gains (Losses) on
Cash Flow Hedges	 	
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss):	 	 	 	 	 	(In thousands)	 	
Accumulated other comprehensive loss at December 31, 2017	 	 	 	 	 	$	(5,076	)	
Effects of adoption of ASU 2018-02	 	 	 	 	 	 	(1,094	)	
Other comprehensive income before reclassifications	 	 	12,966	 	 	 	 	 	
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income to interest expense	 	 	(1,850	)	 	 	 	 	
Unrealized gain on derivatives, net of tax	 	 	 	 	 	 	11,116	 	
Accumulated other comprehensive income at September 30, 2018	 	 	 	 	 	$	4,946	 	
 
 8. FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS
Fair value is a market-based measurement, not an entity-specific measurement. Therefore, a fair value measurement is required to be determined based on the assumptions that market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability. As a basis for considering market participant assumptions in fair value measurements, fair value accounting standards establish a fair value hierarchy that distinguishes between market participant assumptions based on market data obtained from sources independent of the reporting entity. The standard describes three levels of inputs that may be used to measure fair value:  
Level 1 - Quoted prices for identical instruments in active markets.
Level 2 - Quoted prices for similar instruments in active markets, quoted prices for identical or similar instruments in markets that are not active and model-derived valuations in which all significant inputs and significant value drivers are observable in active markets.  
Level 3 – Valuations derived from valuation techniques in which one or more significant inputs or significant value drivers are unobservable.
The Company has determined that the majority of the inputs used to value its derivative financial instruments using the income approach fall within Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy. The Company uses readily available market data to value its derivatives, such as interest rate curves and discount factors. ASC 820, Fair Value Measurement, also requires consideration of credit risk in the valuation. The Company uses a potential future exposure model to estimate this credit valuation adjustment (“CVA”). The inputs to the CVA are largely based on observable market data, with the exception of certain assumptions regarding credit worthiness which make the CVA a Level 3 input. Based on the magnitude of the CVA, it is not considered a significant input and the derivatives are classified as Level 2. Of the Company’s long-term obligations, the Term B-2 Loans and Term B-5 Loans are classified in Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy as of September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017. The fair value of the term loans as of September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017 approximate their carrying value, excluding unamortized debt issuance costs and discounts, due to the variable nature of the underlying interest rates and the frequent intervals at which such interest rates are reset.
There were no transfers between Levels 1, 2 or 3 during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018.  The following table presents the Company’s estimated fair value measurements and related classifications for assets and liabilities measured on a recurring basis as of September 30, 2018:
 	Quoted Prices in	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
 	Active Markets	 	 	Significant	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
 	for Identical	 	 	Other	 	 	Significant	 	 	 	 	 	
 	Assets and	 	 	Observable	 	 	Unobservable	 	 	Balance at	 	
 	Liabilities	 	 	Inputs	 	 	Inputs	 	 	September 30,	 	
 	(Level 1)	 	 	(Level 2)	 	 	(Level 3)	 	 	2018	 	
Assets:	(In thousands)	 	
Derivative financial instruments (a)	$	—	 	 	$	6,774	 	 	$	—	 	 	$	6,774	 	
Liabilities:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Long-term obligations (b)	$	—	 	 	$	1,527,266	 	 	$	—	 	 	$	1,527,266	 	
 
(a)	Reflected at fair value in the unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheet as other assets of $6.8 million.	
(b)	Reflected at carrying value, net of unamortized debt issuance costs and discounts, in the unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheet as current maturities of long-term debt of $23.7 million and long-term debt of $1.489 billion as of September 30, 2018.	
18

SEAWORLD ENTERTAINMENT, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
 
There were no transfers between Levels 1, 2 or 3 during the year ended December 31, 2017. The Company did not have any assets measured on a recurring basis at fair value as of December 31, 2017. The following table presents the Company’s estimated fair value measurements and related classifications for liabilities measured on a recurring basis as of December 31, 2017:
 
 	Quoted Prices in	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
 	Active Markets	 	 	Significant	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
 	for Identical	 	 	Other	 	 	Significant	 	 	 	 	 	
 	Assets and	 	 	Observable	 	 	Unobservable	 	 	Balance at	 	
 	Liabilities	 	 	Inputs	 	 	Inputs	 	 	December 31,	 	
 	(Level 1)	 	 	(Level 2)	 	 	(Level 3)	 	 	2017	 	
Liabilities:	(In thousands)	 	
Derivative financial instruments (a)	$	—	 	 	$	8,455	 	 	$	—	 	 	$	8,455	 	
Long-term obligations (b)	$	—	 	 	$	1,560,046	 	 	$	—	 	 	$	1,560,046	 	
 
(a)	Reflected at fair value in the unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheet as other liabilities of $8.5 million.	
(b)	Reflected at carrying value, net of unamortized debt issuance costs and discounts, in the unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheet as current maturities of long-term debt of $38.7 million and long-term debt of $1.504 billion as of December 31, 2017.	
9. RELATED-PARTY TRANSACTIONS
ZHG Agreements
On May 8, 2017 an affiliate of ZHG Group, Sun Wise (UK) Co., LTD (“ZHG”) acquired approximately 21% of the outstanding shares of common stock of the Company (the “ZHG Transaction”) from several limited partnerships (the “Seller”) ultimately owned by affiliates of the Blackstone Group L.P. (“Blackstone”) and certain co-investors, pursuant to a stock purchase agreement between ZHG and Seller. In connection with the ZHG Transaction, Sellers reimbursed the Company for approximately $4.0 million of related costs and expenses incurred by the Company during fiscal year 2017.
In March 2017, the Company entered into the ZHG Agreements with an affiliate of ZHG Group.  In exchange for providing services under the ZHG Agreements, the Company is expected to receive fees as well as a travel stipend per year through 2019.  The Company recognizes revenue under the ZHG Agreements on a straight-line basis over the contractual term of the agreements including approximately $1.3 million and $3.8 million, respectively, in the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 and $2.6 million in the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017. See further discussion related to the ZHG Agreements in Note 1–Description of the Business and Basis of Presentation.
10. COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES
Securities Class Action Lawsuits
On September 9, 2014, a purported stockholder class action lawsuit consisting of purchasers of the Company’s common stock during the periods between April 18, 2013 and August 13, 2014, captioned Baker v. SeaWorld Entertainment, Inc., et al., was filed in the U.S. District Court for the Southern District of California against the Company, the Chairman of the Company’s Board, certain of its executive officers and Blackstone.  On February 17, 2015, Court-appointed Lead Plaintiffs, Pensionskassen For Børne―Og Ungdomspædagoger and Arkansas Public Employees Retirement System, together with additional plaintiffs, Oklahoma City Employee Retirement System and Pembroke Pines Firefighters and Police Officers Pension Fund (collectively, “Plaintiffs”), then filed an amended complaint against the Company, the Chairman of the Company’s Board, certain of its executive officers, Blackstone, and underwriters of the initial public offering and secondary public offerings.  The amended complaint alleges, among other things, that the prospectus and registration statements filed contained materially false and misleading information in violation of the federal securities laws and seeks unspecified compensatory damages and other relief.  Plaintiffs contend that defendants knew or were reckless in not knowing that Blackfish was impacting SeaWorld’s business at the time of each public statement. On May 29, 2015, the Company and the other defendants filed motions to dismiss the amended complaint, which the Court granted on March 31, 2016.  On May 31, 2016, Plaintiffs filed a second amended consolidated class action complaint (“Second Amended Complaint”), which, among other things, no longer names the Company’s Board or underwriters as defendants.  The Court later denied a renewed motion to dismiss the Second Amended Complaint. In May 2017, Plaintiffs filed a motion for class certification which the Court granted on November 29, 2017.  On December 13, 2017, Defendants filed a petition for permission to appeal the Court’s class certification order with the United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit, which was denied on June 28, 2018. Discovery is currently ongoing with the trial scheduled for 2019.
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SEAWORLD ENTERTAINMENT, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
 
On June 14, 2018, a lawsuit captioned Highfields Capital I LP et al. v. SeaWorld Entertainment, Inc. et al., was filed in the United States District Court in the Southern District of California against the Company and certain of the Company’s f ormer and present executive officers (collectively, the “Defendants”).  The plaintiffs, which are investment funds managed by a common adviser (collectively, the “Plaintiffs”) allege, among other things, that the Defendants made false and misleading statem ents in violation of the federal securities laws regarding the impact of the documentary Blackfish on SeaWorld’s business.  The complaint further alleges that such statements were made to induce Plaintiffs to purchase common stock of the Company at artific ially-inflated prices and that Plaintiffs suffered investment losses as a result.  The Plaintiffs are seeking unspecified compensatory damages and other relief.    The Company believes that the lawsuit is without merit and intends to defend the lawsuit vig orously; however, there can be no assurance regarding the ultimate outcome of this lawsuit.  
Shareholder Derivative Lawsuit
On December 8, 2014, a putative derivative lawsuit captioned Kistenmacher v. Atchison, et al., was filed in the Court of Chancery in the State of Delaware against, among others, the Chairman of the Company’s Board, certain of the Company’s executive officers, directors and shareholders, and Blackstone.  The Company is a “Nominal Defendant” in the lawsuit.  On March 30, 2015, the plaintiff filed an amended complaint against the same set of defendants.  The amended complaint alleges, among other things, that the defendants breached their fiduciary duties, aided and abetted breaches of fiduciary duties, violated Florida Blue Sky laws and were unjustly enriched by (i) including materially false and misleading information in the prospectus and registration statements; and (ii) causing the Company to repurchase certain shares of its common stock from certain shareholders at an alleged artificially inflated price.  The Company does not maintain any direct exposure to loss in connection with this shareholder derivative lawsuit as the lawsuit does not assert any claims against the Company.  The Company’s status as a “Nominal Defendant” in the action reflects the fact that the lawsuit is maintained by the named plaintiff on behalf of the Company and that the plaintiff seeks damages on the Company’s behalf.  The case is currently stayed in favor of the securities class action captioned Baker v. SeaWorld Entertainment, Inc., et al. described above.  
Consumer Class Action Lawsuits
On March 25, 2015, a purported class action was filed in the United States District Court for the Southern District of California against the Company, captioned Holly Hall v. SeaWorld Entertainment, Inc., (the “Hall Matter”).  The complaint identifies three putative classes consisting of all consumers nationwide who at any time during the four-year period preceding the filing of the original complaint, purchased an admission ticket, a membership or a SeaWorld “experience” that includes an “orca experience” from the SeaWorld amusement park in San Diego, California, Orlando, Florida or San Antonio, Texas respectively.  The complaint alleges causes of action under California Unfair Competition Law, California Consumers Legal Remedies Act (“CLRA”), California False Advertising Law, California Deceit statute, Florida Unfair and Deceptive Trade Practices Act, Texas Deceptive Trade Practices Act, as well as claims for Unjust Enrichment.  Plaintiffs’ claims are based on their allegations that the Company misrepresented the physical living conditions and care and treatment of its orcas, resulting in confusion or misunderstanding among ticket purchasers, and omitted material facts regarding its orcas with intent to deceive and mislead the plaintiff and purported class members.  The complaint further alleges that the specific misrepresentations heard and relied upon by Holly Hall in purchasing her SeaWorld tickets concerned the circumstances surrounding the death of a SeaWorld trainer.  The complaint seeks actual damages, equitable relief, attorney’s fees and costs.  Plaintiffs claim that the amount in controversy exceeds $5.0 million, but the liability exposure is speculative until the size of the class is determined (if certification is granted at all). In addition, four other purported class actions were filed against the Company and its affiliates. Such actions were subsequently dismissed or consolidated with the Hall Matter described above.  
The Company filed a motion to dismiss the entirety of the plaintiffs’ Second Consolidated Amended Complaint (“SAC”) with prejudice on February 25, 2016.  The Court granted the Company’s motion to dismiss the entire SAC with prejudice and entered judgment for the Company on May 13, 2016. Plaintiffs filed an appeal with the United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit which issued an order affirming the dismissal of the Plaintiff’s case.  The plaintiffs have agreed not to appeal any further in exchange for the Company’s agreement to waive any potential entitlement to costs.  
On April 13, 2015, a purported class action was filed in the Superior Court of the State of California for the City and County of San Francisco against SeaWorld Parks & Entertainment, Inc., captioned Marc Anderson, et. al., v. SeaWorld Parks & Entertainment, Inc., (the “Anderson Matter”).  The putative class consisted of all consumers within California who, within the past four years, purchased tickets to SeaWorld San Diego.  The complaint (as amended) alleges causes of action under the California False Advertising Law, California Unfair Competition Law and California CLRA.  Plaintiffs’ claims are based on their allegations that the Company misrepresented the physical living conditions and care and treatment of its orcas, resulting in confusion or misunderstanding among ticket and orca plush purchasers with intent to deceive and mislead the plaintiffs and purported class members.  The complaint seeks actual damages, equitable relief, attorneys’ fees and costs.  Based on plaintiffs’ definition of the class, the amount in controversy exceeds $5.0 million, but the liability exposure is speculative.  On May 14, 2015, the Company removed the case to the United States District Court for the Northern District of California.
20

SEAWORLD ENTERTAINMENT, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
 
The Company filed a motion for summary judgment on October 30, 2017 which the Court granted in part and denied in part. All three named plaintiffs continue to have claims for individual restitution and injunctiv e relief. The case is in the preliminary stages of discovery.  On May 23, 2018, the Plaintiffs represented to the Court that they will not file a motion for class certification.  Trial is currently scheduled for October 2019.
The Company believes that the above-described lawsuits are without merit and intends to defend these lawsuits vigorously; however, there can be no assurance regarding the ultimate outcome of these lawsuits.
EZPay Plan Class Action Lawsuit
On December 3, 2014, a purported class action lawsuit was filed in the United States District Court for the Middle District of Florida, Tampa Division against SeaWorld Parks & Entertainment, Inc., captioned Jason Herman, Joey Kratt, and Christina Lancaster, as individuals and on behalf of all others similarly situated, v. SeaWorld Parks & Entertainment, Inc. The certified class action currently consists of two claims for breach of contract, unjust enrichment and violation of federal Electronic Funds Transfer Act, 15 U.S.C. section 1693 et seq . on behalf of three individual plaintiffs as well as on behalf of a two classes: (i) individuals in the states of Florida, Texas, Virginia and California who paid for an annual pass  through EZ pay in “less than twelve months,” had their passes automatically renewed and did not use the renewed passes after the first year or were not issued a full refund of payments made after the twelfth payment; and (ii) all of these same individuals who used debit cards. 
In April 2018, the Company reached a preliminary agreement in principle to settle this matter for a payment of $11.5 million, plus certain administrative costs and expenses associated with the proposed settlement.  The proposed settlement is still subject to further documentation and court approval. The Company has accrued $11.5 million related to this proposed settlement in other accrued liabilities as of September 30, 2018 in the accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheet.
Other Matters
The Company is a party to various other claims and legal proceedings arising in the normal course of business. In addition, from time to time, the Company is subject to audits, inspections and investigations by, or receives requests for information from, various federal and state regulatory agencies, including, but not limited to, the U.S. Department of Agriculture’s Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (APHIS), the U.S. Department of Labor’s Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA), the California Occupational Safety and Health Administration (Cal-OSHA), the Florida Fish & Wildlife Commission (FWC), the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC), the Internal Revenue Service (IRS), the U.S. Department of Justice (DOJ) and the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC).
During the three months ended September 30, 2018, the Company reached a settlement with the SEC relating to a previously disclosed SEC investigation. In connection with the settlement, without admitting or denying the substantive allegations in the SEC’s complaint, the Company agreed to the entry of a final judgment ordering the Company to pay a civil penalty of $4.0 million and enjoining the Company from violation of certain provisions of the Securities Act of 1933 and the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 and certain rules thereunder. The settlement was approved by the U.S. District Court for the Southern District of New York on September 24, 2018.  The settlement is recorded in selling, general and administrative expenses for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 in the Company’s unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements. 
From time to time, various parties also bring other lawsuits against the Company. Matters where an unfavorable outcome to the Company is probable and which can be reasonably estimated are accrued. Such accruals, which are not material for any period presented, are based on information known about the matters, the Company’s estimate of the outcomes of such matters, and the Company’s experience in contesting, litigating and settling similar matters. Matters that are considered reasonably possible to result in a material loss are not accrued for, but an estimate of the possible loss or range of loss is disclosed, if such amount or range can be determined. At this time, management does not expect any such known claims, legal proceedings or regulatory matters to have a material adverse effect on the Company’s consolidated financial position, results of operations or cash flows. 
License Agreements
On May 16, 2017, SEA entered into a License Agreement (the “License Agreement”) with Sesame Workshop (“Sesame”), a New York not-for-profit corporation.  SEA’s principal commitments pursuant to the License Agreement include: (i) opening a new Sesame Place theme park no later than mid-2021 in a location to be determined (a “Standalone Park”); (ii) building a new Sesame Land in SeaWorld Orlando by Fall 2022; (iii) investing in minimum annual capital and marketing thresholds; and (iv) providing support for agreed upon sponsorship and charitable initiatives.  The Company estimates the combined future obligations for all of these commitments could be up to approximately $90.0 million over the remaining term of the agreement.  After the opening of the second Standalone Park (counting the existing Sesame Place Standalone Park in Langhorne, Pennsylvania), SEA will have the option to build additional Standalone Parks in the Sesame Territory within agreed upon timelines.
21

SEAWORLD ENTERTAINMENT, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
 
The License Agreement has an initial term through December 31, 2031, with an automatic additional 15 year ex tension plus a five year option added to the term of the License Agreement from December 31st of the year of each new Standalone Park opening. On May 2, 2018, the Company announced that it plans to open a new Sesame Land in SeaWorld Orlando in Spring of 20 19.
Pursuant to the License Agreement with Sesame Workshop, the Company pays a specified annual license fee, as well as a specified royalty based on revenues earned in connection with sales of licensed products, all food and beverage items utilizing the licensed elements and any events utilizing such elements if a separate fee is paid for such event.
Anheuser-Busch, Incorporated (“ABI”) has granted the Company a perpetual, exclusive, worldwide, royalty-free license to use the Busch Gardens trademark and certain related domain names in connection with the operation, marketing, promotion and advertising of certain of the Company’s theme parks, as well as in connection with the production, use, distribution and sale of merchandise sold in connection with such theme parks. Under the license, the Company is required to indemnify ABI against losses related to the use of the marks.
San Diego Hotel Project
On January 22, 2018, the Company and Evans Hotel entered into a Limited Liability Company Agreement to develop, own and operate a hotel project (the “San Diego Hotel Project”) to be located on land that the Company leases from the City of San Diego.  In September 2018, the Company elected not to proceed with the San Diego Hotel Project and terminated the agreement.  As a result, the Company recorded a loss of approximately $2.8 million primarily related to expenses incurred and fees associated with termination of the agreement, which was recorded in operating expenses in the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 in the accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated statements of comprehensive income (loss).  
11. EQUITY-BASED COMPENSATION
In accordance with ASC 718, Compensation-Stock Compensation , the Company measures the cost of employee services rendered in exchange for share-based compensation based upon the grant date fair market value.  The cost is recognized over the requisite service period, which is generally the vesting period unless service or performance conditions require otherwise.  The Company recognizes the impact of forfeitures as they occur.  The Company has granted stock options, time-vesting restricted shares, time-vesting restricted stock units, time-vesting deferred stock units, performance-vesting restricted shares and performance-vesting restricted stock units.
Total equity compensation expense was $5.2 million and $18.6 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018, respectively, and $3.2 million and $19.3 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017, respectively.  Equity compensation expense is included in selling, general and administrative expenses and in operating expenses in the accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated statements of comprehensive income (loss).  Equity compensation expense for the nine months ended September 30, 2018, includes approximately $5.5 million related to certain equity awards which were accelerated to vest in connection with the departure of certain executives as required by their respective employment agreements (see Note 13–Restructuring Programs and Other Separation Costs for further details).  Equity compensation expense for the nine months ended September 30, 2017, includes approximately $8.4 million related to certain of the Company’s performance-vesting restricted shares which vested in the second quarter of 2017 (see the 2.75x Performance Restricted shares section which follows for further details).  Total unrecognized equity compensation expense for all equity compensation awards probable of vesting as of September 30, 2018 was approximately $25.5 million, which is expected to be recognized over the respective service periods.  
The activity related to the Company’s time-vesting and performance-vesting awards during the nine months ended September 30, 2018 is as follows: 
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	Performance-Vesting Restricted Awards	 	
 	 	Time-Vesting
Restricted Awards	 	 	Bonus Performance
Restricted Awards	 	 	Long-Term
Incentive
Performance
Restricted Awards	 	 	2.75x Performance
Restricted shares	 	
 	 	Shares/Units	 	 	Weighted
Average
Grant Date
Fair Value
per Award	 	 	Shares/Units	 	 	Weighted
Average
Grant Date
Fair Value
per Award	 	 	Shares/Units	 	 	Weighted
Average
Grant Date
Fair Value
per Award	 	 	Shares	 	 	Weighted
Average
Grant Date
Fair Value
per Share	 	
Outstanding at December 31, 2017	 	 	1,852,512	 	 	$	17.09	 	 	 	805,245	 	 	$	18.09	 	 	 	864,572	 	 	$	18.50	 	 	 	616,793	 	 	$	3.56	 	
Granted	 	 	345,310	 	 	$	17.35	 	 	 	726,501	 	 	$	14.85	 	 	 	1,171,733	 	 	$	15.04	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	
Vested	 	 	(503,043	)	 	$	17.15	 	 	 	(69,221	)	 	$	18.07	 	 	 	(9,010	)	 	$	18.79	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	
Forfeited	 	 	(554,956	)	 	$	17.74	 	 	 	(815,330	)	 	$	17.75	 	 	 	(733,763	)	 	$	17.74	 	 	 	(616,793	)	 	$	3.56	 	
Outstanding at September 30, 2018	 	 	1,139,823	 	 	$	16.83	 	 	 	647,195	 	 	$	14.87	 	 	 	1,293,532	 	 	$	15.79	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	
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SEAWORLD ENTERTAINMENT, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
 
The activity related to the Company’s stock option awards during the nine months ended September 30, 2018 is as follows:
 
 	 	Options	 	 	Weighted
Average
Exercise Price	 	 	Weighted
Average
Remaining
Contractual
Life (in years)	 	 	Aggregate
Intrinsic Value       (in thousands)	 	
Outstanding at December 31, 2017	 	 	2,923,448	 	 	$	18.78	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Forfeited	 	 	(368,373	)	 	$	18.01	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Expired	 	 	(1,493,902	)	 	$	19.46	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Exercised	 	 	(176,122	)	 	$	18.12	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Outstanding at September 30, 2018	 	 	885,051	 	 	$	18.08	 	 	 	7.07	 	 	$	11,815	 	
Exercisable at September 30, 2018	 	 	493,318	 	 	$	18.22	 	 	 	6.96	 	 	$	6,518	 	
Omnibus Incentive Plan
The Company has reserved 15,000,000 shares of common stock for issuance under the Omnibus Incentive Plan (the “Omnibus Incentive Plan”), of which approximately 9,360,000 shares are available for future issuance as of September 30, 2018.
Bonus Performance Restricted Awards   
The annual bonus plan for 2018 (the “2018 Bonus Plan”) provides for bonus awards payable 50% in cash and 50% in performance-vesting restricted units (the “Bonus Performance Restricted Units”) and is based upon the Company’s achievement of specified performance goals with respect to Fiscal 2018, as defined by the 2018 Bonus Plan.  The total number of shares eligible to vest is based on the level of achievement of the targets for Fiscal 2018 which ranges from 0% (if below threshold performance) and up to 150% (at or above maximum performance).  Bonus Performance Restricted Units representing the total units that could be earned under the maximum performance level of achievement were granted during the nine months ended September 30, 2018.
The Company also had an annual bonus plan for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2017 (“Fiscal 2017”), under which certain employees were eligible to vest in performance-vesting restricted shares (the “Bonus Performance Restricted Shares”) based upon the Company’s achievement of certain performance goals with respect to Fiscal 2017.  Based on the Company’s actual Fiscal 2017 results, approximately 69,000 of these Bonus Performance Restricted Shares vested in the nine months ended September 30, 2018 and the remainder forfeited in accordance with their terms.
Long-Term Incentive Awards
The long-term incentive plan grants for 2018 (the “2018 Long-Term Incentive Grant”) were comprised of 1/3 time-vesting restricted units (the “Long-Term Incentive Time Restricted Units”) and 2/3 performance-vesting restricted units (the “Long-Term Incentive Performance Restricted Units”) (collectively, the “Long-Term Incentive Awards”).
Long-Term Incentive Time Restricted Units
Certain Long-Term Incentive Time Restricted Units granted under the 2018 Long-Term Incentive Grant vest over five years, with one-third vesting on each of the third, fourth and fifth anniversaries of the date of grant, subject to continued employment through the applicable vesting date. Equity compensation expense for these units is recognized using the straight line method with one-third recognized over the initial three year vesting period and the remaining two-thirds recognized over the remaining vesting period.  
Other Long-Term Incentive Time Restricted Units granted under the 2018 Long-Term Incentive Grant vest over three years, with all of the units vesting on the third anniversary of the date of grant, subject to continued employment through the applicable vesting date. Equity compensation expense for these units is recognized using the straight line method over the three year vesting period.  
Long-Term Incentive Performance Restricted Units
The Long-Term Incentive Performance Restricted Units granted under the 2018 Long-Term Incentive Grant are expected to vest following the end of the three-year performance period beginning on January 1, 2018 and ending on December 31, 2020 based upon the Company’s achievement of specified performance goals for Fiscal 2020, as defined by the 2018 Long-Term Incentive Grant. The total number of Long-Term Incentive Performance Restricted Units eligible to vest will be based on the level of achievement of the performance goals and ranges from 0% (if below threshold performance) and up to 200% (for at or above maximum performance). For actual performance between the specified threshold, target and maximum levels, the resulting vesting percentage will be adjusted on a linear basis.
23

SEAWORLD ENTERTAINMENT, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
 
The 2018 Long-Term Incentive Grant provides addit ional incentive for early achievement of the Adjusted EBITDA target as follows: if the Company’s Fiscal 2020 Adjusted EBITDA target is achieved in 2018, 30% of target Long-Term Incentive Performance Restricted Units will be earned and delivered in 2019; if the Company’s Fiscal 2020 Adjusted EBITDA target is achieved in 2019, 20% of target Long-Term Incentive Performance Restricted Units will be earned and delivered in 2020, in each case subject to the overall maximum award of 200% of target. Long-Term Incen tive Performance Restricted Units representing the total units that could be earned under the maximum performance level of achievement were granted during the nine months ended September 30, 2018.
Other
The Company also has outstanding Long-Term Incentive Time Restricted shares, Long-Term Incentive Performance Restricted shares and Long-Term Incentive Options granted under previous long-term incentive plan grants.  During the nine months ended September 30, 2018, a portion of the previously granted Long-Term Incentive Performance Restricted Shares related to completed performance periods vested, with the remainder forfeiting in accordance with their terms.  The remaining outstanding Long-Term Incentive Performance Restricted Shares are eligible to vest based upon the Company’s achievement of pre-established performance goals for the respective performance period, as defined. 
The Company recognizes equity compensation expense for its performance-vesting restricted awards ratably over the related performance period, if the performance condition is probable of being achieved.  Based on the Company’s progress towards its respective performance goals, a portion of its performance-vesting restricted awards are considered probable of vesting as of September 30, 2018; therefore, equity compensation expense includes approximately $2.8 million and $8.0 million related to performance-vesting restricted awards in the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018, respectively.  If the probability of vesting related to these awards changes in a subsequent period, all equity compensation expense related to those awards that would have been recorded over the requisite service period had the awards been considered probable at the new percentage from inception, will be recorded as a cumulative catch-up at such subsequent date.  Total unrecognized equity compensation expense for all outstanding performance-vesting restricted awards not probable of vesting was approximately $10.0 million as of September 30, 2018.  
Deferred Stock Units
During the nine months ended September 30, 2018, the Company granted approximately 46,000 deferred stock units (“DSUs”) to certain members of its Board of Directors (the “Board”). Each DSU represents the right to receive one share of the Company’s common stock one year after the respective director leaves the Board.
2.75x Performance Restricted Shares
The Company had awarded under its previous incentive plans certain performance-vesting restricted shares (the “2.75x Performance Restricted shares”).  During the first quarter of 2017, the Company modified certain 2.75x Performance Restricted shares to vest 60% upon the closing of the ZHG Transaction on May 8, 2017 (see Note 9–Related-Party Transactions).  The remaining outstanding unvested 2.75x Performance Restricted shares continued to be eligible to vest in accordance with their terms if the Seller had received additional proceeds from ZHG sufficient to satisfy a 2.75x cumulative return multiple in the twelve month period following the closing of the ZHG Transaction.  The period expired on May 8, 2018; as such, these shares forfeited in the second quarter of 2018.  
As the modification discussed above was based on a liquidity event, for accounting purposes, the 2.75x Performance Restricted shares were not considered probable of vesting until such time the ZHG Transaction was consummated.  In accordance with the guidance in ASC 718, Compensation-Stock Compensation , as the 2.75x Performance Restricted shares were not considered probable of vesting before or after the date of modification, the Company used the respective modification date fair value to record equity compensation expense related to the modified shares when the liquidity event occurred. As a result, the Company recognized non-cash equity compensation expense related to all of the 2.75x Performance Restricted shares of approximately $8.4 million upon closing of the ZHG Transaction and paid cash accumulated dividends of approximately $1.3 million in the second quarter of 2017.
12. STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY
As of September 30, 2018, 93,234,871 shares of common stock were issued on the accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheet, which excludes 1,184,400 unvested shares of common stock and 1,896,150 unvested restricted stock units held by certain participants in the Company’s equity compensation plans (see Note 11–Equity-Based Compensation) and includes 6,519,773 shares of treasury stock held by the Company.
24

SEAWORLD ENTERTAINMENT, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
 
Dividends
In 2016, the Board suspended the Company’s then existing quarterly dividend policy to allow greater flexibility to deploy capital to opportunities that offer the greatest long term returns to shareholders, such as, but not limited to, investments in new attractions, debt repayments or share repurchases. 
As of September 30, 2018, the Company had approximately $0.1 million recorded as dividends payable in the accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheet related to unvested time restricted shares and unvested performance restricted shares with a performance condition considered probable of being achieved. These shares, which were granted prior to the dividend suspension, carry dividend rights and therefore the dividends accumulate and will be paid as the shares vest in accordance with the underlying equity compensation grants.  These dividend rights will be forfeited if the shares do not vest. 
Share Repurchase Program
The Board has authorized the repurchase of up to $250.0 million of the Company’s common stock (the “Share Repurchase Program”). Under the Share Repurchase Program, the Company is authorized to repurchase shares through open market purchases, privately-negotiated transactions or otherwise in accordance with applicable federal securities laws, including through Rule 10b5-1 trading plans and under Rule 10b-18 of the Exchange Act. The Share Repurchase Program has no time limit and may be suspended or discontinued completely at any time. The number of shares to be purchased and the timing of purchases will be based on the level of the Company’s cash balances, general business and market conditions, and other factors, including legal requirements, debt covenant restrictions and alternative investment opportunities.
The Company has remaining authorization for up to $190.0 million for future repurchases under the Share Repurchase Program as of September 30, 2018.  There were no share repurchases during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017.  
 
13. RESTRUCTURING PROGRAMS AND OTHER SEPARATION COSTS
Restructuring Programs
On August 7, 2018, the Company announced a new restructuring program (the “2018 Restructuring Program”) focused on reducing costs, improving operating margins and streamlining its management structure to create efficiencies and better align with its strategic business objectives.  The 2018 Restructuring Program involved the elimination of approximately 125 positions during the third quarter of 2018 across the Company’s theme parks and its corporate headquarters. As a result, during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018, the Company recorded approximately $3.8 million and $5.5 million, respectively, in pre-tax restructuring charges primarily related to severance and other termination benefits, which is included in restructuring and other separation costs in the accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated statements of comprehensive income (loss).
In October 2017, the Company executed a restructuring program in an effort to reduce costs, increase efficiencies, reduce duplication of functions and improve the Company’s operations (the “2017 Restructuring Program”). The 2017 Restructuring Program involved the elimination of approximately 350 positions across all of the Company’s theme parks and corporate headquarters. As a result, the Company recorded $5.2 million in pre-tax restructuring and other related costs associated with the 2017 Restructuring Program during fiscal year 2017. The Company does not expect to incur any additional costs associated with the 2017 Restructuring Program as all continuing service obligations were completed as of December 31, 2017.
The 2018 and 2017 Restructuring Program activity for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 was as follows:

 	2018 Restructuring Program	 	2017 Restructuring Program	 	
Severance and Other Employment Expenses	(In thousands)	 	
Liability as of December 31, 2017	$	—	 	$	1,234	 	
Costs incurred	 	5,548	 	 	—	 	
Payments made	 	(1,577	)	 	(1,040	)	
Liability as of September 30, 2018	$	3,971	 	$	194	 	
 
The remaining combined liability as of September 30, 2018 primarily relates to restructuring and other related costs to be paid as contractually obligated by December 31, 2018 and is included in accrued salaries, wages and benefits in the accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheet.
25

SEAWORLD ENTERTAINMENT, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
 
Other Separa tion Costs
Restructuring and other separation costs for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 also includes severance and other employment expenses for certain executives who stepped down from their respective positions during 2018.  In particular, on February 27, 2018, the Company announced that its President and Chief Executive Officer (the “Former CEO”) had stepped down from his position and resigned as a member of the Board. In connection with his departure, the Former CEO received a lump sum cash payment of approximately $6.7 million in severance related expenses, in accordance with his employment agreement.  Certain other executives who separated from the Company during the first half of 2018 also received severance related benefits of approximately $3.8 million in accordance with the terms of their respective employment agreements or relevant company plan, as applicable.  These severance expenses are included in restructuring and other separation costs in the accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated statements of comprehensive income (loss) for the nine months ended September 30, 2018.
Additionally, during the nine months ended September 30, 2018, certain equity awards were accelerated to vest in connection with the departure of specific executives as required by their respective employment agreements. As a result, the Company recorded incremental non-cash equity compensation expense related to these awards, which is included in selling, general and administrative expenses in the accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated statements of comprehensive income (loss).  See Note 11–Equity-Based Compensation for further details.              

26

Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis  of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
The following discussion contains management’s discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations and should be read together with the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements and the related notes thereto included elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.  This discussion should also be read in conjunction with our consolidated financial statements and related notes thereto, and the “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” section of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2017.  The following discussion contains forward-looking statements that reflect our plans, estimates and beliefs and involve numerous risks and uncertainties, including, but not limited to, those described in the “Risk Factors” section of our Annual Report on Form 10-K, as such risk factors may be updated from time to time in our periodic filings with the SEC.  Actual results may differ materially from those contained in any forward-looking statements. You should carefully read “Special Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements” in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.
Business Overview
We are a leading theme park and entertainment company providing experiences that matter and inspiring guests to protect animals and the wild wonders of our world.  We own or license a portfolio of globally recognized brands, including SeaWorld, Busch Gardens, Aquatica, Sesame Place and Sea Rescue. Over our more than 50-year history, we have built a diversified portfolio of 12 highly differentiated theme parks and water parks that are grouped in key markets across the United States.  Many of our parks showcase our one-of-a-kind zoological collection and all of our parks feature a diverse array of thrill and family rides, shows, educational demonstrations and/or other attractions with broad demographic appeal which deliver memorable experiences and a strong value proposition for our guests.
Principal Factors Affecting Our Results of Operations
Revenues
Our revenues are driven primarily by attendance in our theme parks and the level of per capita spending for admission and per capita spending for culinary, merchandise and other in-park products. We define attendance as the number of guest visits. Attendance drives admissions revenue as well as total in-park spending. Admissions revenue primarily consists of single-day tickets, annual or season passes or other multi-day or multi-park admission products.   The level of attendance in our theme parks is a function of many factors, including affordability, the opening of new attractions and shows, competitive offerings, weather, fluctuations in foreign exchange rates and global and regional economic conditions, travel patterns of both our domestic and international guests, marketing and sales efforts, awareness of park offerings, consumer confidence and external perceptions of our brands and reputation, among other factors beyond our control. Attendance patterns have significant seasonality, driven by the timing of holidays, school vacations and weather conditions; in addition, several of our theme parks are seasonal and only open for part of the year.
Total revenue per capita, defined as total revenue divided by total attendance, consists of admission per capita and in-park per capita spending:
 	•	Admission per capita. We calculate admission per capita as total admissions revenue divided by total attendance. Admission per capita is primarily driven by ticket pricing, the admissions product mix and the park attendance mix, among other factors. The admissions product mix, also referred to as the visitation mix, is defined as the mix of attendance by ticket category such as single day, multi-day, annual passes or complimentary tickets and the park attendance mix is defined as the mix of theme parks visited. The mix of theme parks visited can impact admission per capita based on the theme park’s respective pricing which on average is lower for our water parks compared to our other theme parks.  	
 	•	In-Park Per Capita Spending . We calculate in-park per capita spending as total food, merchandise and other revenue divided by total attendance. Food, merchandise and other revenue primarily consists of culinary, merchandise and other in-park products and also includes other miscellaneous revenue not necessarily generated in our parks, which is not significant in the periods presented, including revenue related to our international agreements.  In-park per capita spending is primarily driven by pricing changes, penetration levels (percentage of guests purchasing), new product offerings, the mix of guests (such as local, domestic or international guests) and the mix of in-park spending, among other factors.  	
See further discussion in the “ Results of Operations ” section which follows.  For other factors affecting our revenues, see the “ Risk Factors ” section of our Annual Report on Form 10-K and in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, as such risk factors may be updated from time to time in our periodic filings with the SEC.
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Costs and Expe nses
The principal costs of our operations are employee wages and benefits, advertising, maintenance, animal care, utilities and insurance. Factors that affect our costs and expenses include competitive wage pressures including minimum wage legislation, commodity prices, costs for construction, repairs and maintenance, other inflationary pressures and attendance levels, among other factors.
On August 6, 2018, we announced that we have identified and are executing on $50.0 million in cost savings opportunities and are actively working to find additional cost savings opportunities. As part of these efforts, on August 7, 2018, we implemented a new restructuring program (the “2018 Restructuring Program”) focused on reducing costs, improving operating margins and streamlining our management structure to create efficiencies and better align with our strategic business objectives.  The 2018 Restructuring Program involved the elimination of approximately 125 positions during the third quarter of fiscal year 2018 across our theme parks and corporate headquarters. As a result, we recorded $5.5 million in pre-tax restructuring charges related to this program in the nine months ended September 30, 2018 which primarily relates to severance and other expenses incurred in connection with the 2018 Restructuring Program.  See Note 13–Restructuring Programs and Other Separation Costs to our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for further details.
For other factors affecting our costs and expenses, see the “ Risk Factors ” section of our Annual Report on Form 10-K, as such risk factors may be updated from time to time in our periodic filings with the SEC.
Trends Affecting Our Results of Operations
Total attendance increased in the first nine months of 2018 by approximately 1.4 million guests, or 8.7%, compared to the first nine months of 2017. We believe the improved attendance results from a combination of factors including the impact of new strategic pricing strategies, new marketing and communications initiatives and the positive reception of our new rides, attractions and events.  
We believe in recent years attendance at some of our parks was impacted by a variety of factors, including the external perceptions of our brands and reputation, which also impacted relationships with some of our business partners.  Given current attendance results, we do not believe these factors have had a significant impact on our current trends; however, we continuously monitor our external perceptions, making strategic marketing and sales adjustments as necessary, to address these or any other items that could impact our attendance. See “Principle Factors Affecting our Results of Operations,” for other factors that could impact attendance trends.
Seasonality
The theme park industry is seasonal in nature. Historically, we generate the highest revenues in the second and third quarters of each year, in part because seven of our theme parks are only open for a portion of the year. Approximately two-thirds of our attendance and revenues are generated in the second and third quarters of the year and we typically incur a net loss in the first and fourth quarters. The percent mix of revenues by quarter is relatively constant each year, but revenues can shift between the first and second quarters due to the timing of Easter and spring break holidays and between the first and fourth quarters due to the timing of holiday breaks around Christmas and New Year. Even for our five theme parks open year-round, attendance patterns have significant seasonality, driven by holidays, school vacations and weather conditions.
Recent Developments
License Agreement
On May 16, 2017, SeaWorld Parks and Entertainment, Inc., a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Company, entered into a License Agreement (the “License Agreement”) with Sesame Workshop (“Sesame”), a New York not-for-profit corporation.  Among other commitments, the agreement makes it possible for a new Sesame Street land to be built in SeaWorld Orlando by Fall 2022.  On May 2, 2018, we announced that we plan to open the new Sesame Land in SeaWorld Orlando in Spring of 2019.  See Note 10–Commitments and Contingencies to our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for further details.
Leadership Changes
On February 26, 2018, Joel K. Manby (the “Former CEO”) stepped down from his position as President and Chief Executive Officer of the Company and resigned as a member of our Board of Directors.  In connection with his departure, the Former CEO received severance-related benefits in accordance with his employment agreement.  Certain other executives who separated from the Company during 2018 also received severance-related benefits in accordance with the terms of their respective employment agreements or relevant company plan, as applicable.  These expenses are included in restructuring and other separation costs in the nine months ended September 30, 2018 in the accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated statements of comprehensive income (loss).
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Additionally, certain equity awards were accelerated to vest in connection with the departure of specific executives as required by their respective employment agreements. As a result, the Company recor ded incremental non-cash equity compensation expense related to these awards, which is included in selling, general and administrative expenses in the nine months ended September 30, 2018 in the accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated statements of c omprehensive income (loss).   See Note 13–Restructuring Programs and Other Separation Costs and Note 11–Equity-Based Compensation in our notes to the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 1 0-Q.
U.S. Tax Cuts and Jobs Act
On December 22, 2017, the United States enacted the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (the “Tax Act”).  The Tax Act makes significant modifications to the provisions of the Internal Revenue Code, including but not limited to a corporate tax rate decrease from 35% to 21% effective January 1, 2018.  We have calculated the impact of the Tax Act in accordance with our understanding and available guidance, particularly as it relates to the future deductibility of executive compensation items and state conformity to the Tax Act. As such, these assumptions may change as further clarification and guidance is provided by taxing authorities. See Note 4–Income Taxes in our notes to the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.
International Development Strategy
We believe that in addition to the growth potential that exists domestically, our brands can also have significant appeal in certain international markets. We continue to make progress in our partnership with Miral Asset Management LLC to develop SeaWorld Abu Dhabi, a first-of-its-kind marine life themed park on Yas Island (the “Middle East Project”). As part of this partnership, we are providing certain services pertaining to the planning and design of the Middle East Project, with funding received from our partner in the Middle East expected to offset our internal expenses. SeaWorld Abu Dhabi is expected to be completed by 2022. The Middle East Project is subject to various conditions, including, but not limited to, the parties completing the design development and there is no assurance that the Middle East Project will be completed or advance to the next stage.
In March 2017, we entered into a Park Exclusivity and Concept Design Agreement (the “ECDA”) and a Center Concept & Preliminary Design Support Agreement (the “CDSA”) with an affiliate of Zhonghong Zhuoye Group Co., Ltd., (“ZHG Group”) to provide design, support and advisory services for various potential projects and granting exclusive rights in China, Taiwan, Hong Kong and Macau (the “Territory”). Under the terms of the ECDA, we will work with an affiliate of ZHG Group to create and produce concept designs and development analysis for theme parks, water parks and interactive parks in the Territory. Under the terms of the CDSA, we will provide guidance, support, input, and expertise relating to the initial strategic planning, concept and preliminary design of family entertainment and other similar centers.  See Note 9–Related Party Transactions to our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for further details.
For a discussion of certain risks associated with our international development strategy, see the “Risk Factors” section of our Annual Report on Form 10-K, as such risk factors may be updated from time to time in our periodic filings with the SEC.
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Results of Operations
The following discussion provides an analysis of our operating results for the three months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017. This data should be read in conjunction with our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements and the notes thereto included elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.
Comparison of the Three Months Ended September 30, 2018 and 2017
The following table presents key operating and financial information for the three months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017:
 	 	For the Three Months Ended	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
 	 	September 30,	 	 	Variance	 	
 	 	2018	 	 	2017	 	 	$	 	 	%	 	
Summary Financial Data:	 	(In thousands, except per capita data)	 	
Net revenues:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Admissions	 	$	279,873	 	 	$	264,967	 	 	$	14,906	 	 	 	5.6	%	
Food, merchandise and other	 	 	203,302	 	 	 	172,745	 	 	 	30,557	 	 	 	17.7	%	
Total revenues	 	 	483,175	 	 	 	437,712	 	 	 	45,463	 	 	 	10.4	%	
Costs and expenses:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Cost of food, merchandise and other revenues	 	 	36,062	 	 	 	31,988	 	 	 	4,074	 	 	 	12.7	%	
Operating expenses (exclusive of depreciation and amortization shown separately below and includes equity compensation of $2,119 and $976 for the three months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively)	 	 	198,781	 	 	 	194,802	 	 	 	3,979	 	 	 	2.0	%	
Selling, general and administrative (includes equity compensation of $3,064 and $2,269 for the three months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively)	 	 	51,549	 	 	 	54,770	 	 	 	(3,221	)	 	 	(5.9	%)	
Restructuring and other separation costs	 	 	3,866	 	 	 	5,100	 	 	 	(1,234	)	 	 	(24.2	%)	
Depreciation and amortization	 	 	41,187	 	 	 	42,230	 	 	 	(1,043	)	 	 	(2.5	%)	
Total costs and expenses	 	 	331,445	 	 	 	328,890	 	 	 	2,555	 	 	 	0.8	%	
Operating income	 	 	151,730	 	 	 	108,822	 	 	 	42,908	 	 	 	39.4	%	
Other expense, net	 	 	(59	)	 	 	(108	)	 	 	49	 	 	 	45.4	%	
Interest expense	 	 	19,500	 	 	 	20,160	 	 	 	(660	)	 	 	(3.3	%)	
Income before income taxes	 	 	132,289	 	 	 	88,770	 	 	 	43,519	 	 	 	49.0	%	
Provision for income taxes	 	 	36,301	 	 	 	33,736	 	 	 	2,565	 	 	 	7.6	%	
Net income	 	$	95,988	 	 	$	55,034	 	 	$	40,954	 	 	 	74.4	%	
Other data:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Attendance	 	 	8,344	 	 	 	7,609	 	 	 	735	 	 	 	9.7	%	
Total revenue per capita	 	$	57.91	 	 	$	57.52	 	 	$	0.39	 	 	 	0.7	%	
Admissions revenue . Admissions revenue for the three months ended September 30, 2018 increased $14.9 million, or 5.6%, to $279.9 million as compared to $265.0 million for the three months ended September 30, 2017. The increase in admissions revenue was primarily a result of an overall increase in attendance of approximately 735,000 guests, or 9.7%, which was partially offset by a decline in admission per capita.   We believe the improved attendance results from a combination of factors including new pricing strategies, new marketing and communications initiatives and the reception of our new rides, attractions and events.  Admission per capita decreased by 3.7% to $33.54 for the third quarter of 2018 compared to $34.82 in the prior year quarter.  This decrease was more than offset by an increase in in-park per capita spending as discussed below.  Among other factors, the decline in admission per capita results primarily from the impact of new pricing strategies when compared to the prior year period.
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Food, merchandise and other revenue. Food, merchandise and other revenue for the three months ended September 30, 2018 increased $30.6 million, or 17.7%, to $203.3 million as compared to $172.7 milli on for the three months ended September 30, 2017. The increase results from an increase in attendance along with improvement in in-park per capita spending.  In-park per capita spending increased by 7.4% to $24.37 in the third quarter of 2018 compared to $ 22.70 in the third quarter of 2017.  In-park per capita spending improved primarily due to the increased sales of in-park products.
Costs of food, merchandise and other revenues. Costs of food, merchandise and other revenues for the three months ended September 30, 2018 increased by $4.1 million, or 12.7%, to $36.1 million as compared to $32.0 million for the three months ended September 30, 2017.  These costs represent 17.7% and 18.5% of the related revenue earned for the three months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively.  
Operating expenses. Operating expenses for the three months ended September 30, 2018 increased by $4.0 million, or 2.0%, to $198.8 million as compared to $194.8 million for the three months ended September 30, 2017.  Operating expenses for the three months ended September 30, 2018 includes approximately $2.8 million of expenses incurred and fees associated with the termination of an agreement (see Note 10–Commitments and Contingencies in our notes to the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q). Operating expenses also increased by $1.1 million due to an increase in non-cash equity compensation expense relating primarily to the Company’s performance-based equity awards.  Operating expenses were 41.1% of total revenues for the three months ended September 30, 2018 compared to 44.5% for the three months ended September 30, 2017. The decrease as a percent of total revenue results primarily from a focus on cost efficiencies and the impact of cost savings initiatives.
Selling, general and administrative . Selling, general and administrative expenses for the three months ended September 30, 2018 decreased $3.2 million, or 5.9%, to $51.5 million as compared to $54.8 million for the three months ended September 30, 2017. The decrease primarily relates to a decline in legal and salary costs partially offset by an increase in strategic consulting services and non-cash equity compensation expense.  As a percentage of total revenue, selling, general and administrative expenses were 10.7% in the three months ended September 30, 2018 compared to 12.5% in the three months ended September 30, 2017, reflecting our focus on cost efficiencies and the impact of cost savings initiatives.
Restructuring and other separation costs. Restructuring and other separation costs for the three months ended September 30, 2018 primarily relates to severance and other employment expenses for the 2018 Restructuring Program.  See Note 13–Restructuring Programs and Other Separation Costs in our notes to the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.
Depreciation and amortization. Depreciation and amortization expense for the three months ended September 30, 2018 decreased $1.0 million, or 2.5%, to $41.2 million as compared to $42.2 million for the three months ended September 30, 2017.
Interest expense. Interest expense for the three months ended September 30, 2018 decreased $0.7 million, or 3.3%, to $19.5 million as compared to $20.2 million for the three months ended September 30, 2017. See Note 6–Long-Term Debt in our notes to the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements and the “ Our Indebtedness ” section which follows for further details on our long-term debt.  
Provision for income taxes. The provision for income taxes in the three months ended September 30, 2018 was $36.3 million compared to $33.7 million for the three months ended September 30, 2017.  The change primarily resulted from an increase in pretax income in the third quarter of 2018 offset by a decrease in our consolidated effective tax rate.  Our consolidated effective tax rate was 27.4% for the three months ended September 30, 2018 compared to 38.0% for the three months ended September 30, 2017.   The effective tax rate decreased primarily due to the Tax Act reduction in the corporate federal tax rate from 35% to 21% effective January 1, 2018, partially offset by an increase in projected annual state tax expense, a nondeductible legal settlement and nondeductible equity-based compensation.  See Note 4–Income Taxes and Note 10–Commitments and Contingencies in our notes to the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for further details .
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Comparison of the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2018 and 2017
The following table presents key operating and financial information for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017:

 	 	For the Nine Months Ended	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
 	 	September 30,	 	 	Variance	 	
 	 	2018	 	 	2017	 	 	$	 	 	%	 	
Summary Financial Data:	 	(In thousands, except per capita data)	 	
Net revenues:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Admissions	 	$	635,682	 	 	$	605,007	 	 	$	30,675	 	 	 	5.1	%	
Food, merchandise and other	 	 	456,580	 	 	 	392,812	 	 	 	63,768	 	 	 	16.2	%	
Total revenues	 	 	1,092,262	 	 	 	997,819	 	 	 	94,443	 	 	 	9.5	%	
Costs and expenses:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Cost of food, merchandise and other revenues	 	 	85,012	 	 	 	75,532	 	 	 	9,480	 	 	 	12.6	%	
Operating expenses (exclusive of depreciation and amortization shown separately below and includes equity compensation of $6,350 and $5,830 for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively)	 	 	544,354	 	 	 	541,395	 	 	 	2,959	 	 	 	0.5	%	
Selling, general and administrative (includes equity compensation of $12,270 and $13,435 for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively)	 	 	186,076	 	 	 	176,340	 	 	 	9,736	 	 	 	5.5	%	
Goodwill impairment charges	 	 	—	 	 	 	269,332	 	 	 	(269,332	)	 	NM	 	
Restructuring and other separation costs	 	 	16,392	 	 	 	5,100	 	 	 	11,292	 	 	NM	 	
Depreciation and amortization	 	 	119,635	 	 	 	120,597	 	 	 	(962	)	 	 	(0.8	%)	
Total costs and expenses	 	 	951,469	 	 	 	1,188,296	 	 	 	(236,827	)	 	 	(19.9	%)	
Operating income (loss)	 	 	140,793	 	 	 	(190,477	)	 	 	331,270	 	 	NM	 	
Other expense, net	 	 	(38	)	 	 	(111	)	 	 	73	 	 	 	65.8	%	
Interest expense	 	 	59,974	 	 	 	57,873	 	 	 	2,101	 	 	 	3.6	%	
Loss on early extinguishment of debt and write-off of discounts and debt issuance costs	 	 	—	 	 	 	8,143	 	 	 	(8,143	)	 	NM	 	
Income (loss) before income taxes	 	 	80,857	 	 	 	(256,382	)	 	 	337,239	 	 	NM	 	
Provision for (benefit from) income taxes	 	 	25,016	 	 	 	(74,437	)	 	 	99,453	 	 	NM	 	
Net income (loss)	 	$	55,841	 	 	$	(181,945	)	 	$	237,786	 	 	NM	 	
Other data:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Attendance	 	 	17,982	 	 	 	16,537	 	 	 	1,445	 	 	 	8.7	%	
Total revenue per capita	 	$	60.74	 	 	$	60.34	 	 	$	0.40	 	 	 	0.7	%	
NM-Not Meaningful.
Admissions revenue . Admissions revenue for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 increased $30.7 million, or 5.1%, to $635.7 million as compared to $605.0 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2017. The increase in admissions revenue was primarily a result of an increase in attendance of approximately 1.45 million guests, or 8.7%, partially offset by a decrease in admissions per capita when compared to the first nine months of 2017.   We believe the improved attendance results from a combination of factors including new pricing strategies, new marketing and communications initiatives and the anticipation and reception of our new rides, attractions and events.   These factors were partially offset by negative impacts from unfavorable weather in the first nine months of 2018 compared to the same period in 2017.   Admission per capita decreased by 3.4% to $35.35 in the nine months ended September 30, 2018 compared to $36.59 in the nine months ended September 30, 2017.  This decrease was more than offset by an increase in in-park per capita spending as discussed below. Among other factors, the decline in admission per capita primarily results from the impact of new pricing strategies when compared to the prior year period.  
Food, merchandise and other revenue. Food, merchandise and other revenue for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 increased $63.8 million, or 16.2%, to $456.6 million as compared to $392.8 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2017. The increase results from an increase in attendance along with improvement in in-park per capita spending. In-park per capita spending increased by 6.9% to $25.39 in the nine months ended September 30, 2018 compared to $23.75 in the nine months ended September 30, 2017. In-park per capita spending improved primarily due to the increased sales of in-park products.
Costs of food, merchandise and other revenues. Costs of food, merchandise and other revenues for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 increased $9.5 million, or 12.6%, to $85.0 million as compared to $75.5 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2017.  These costs represent 18.6% and 19.2% of the related revenue earned for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively.  
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Operating expenses. Operating expenses for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 increased by $3.0 million (less than 1%) to $544.4 million as compared to $541.4 million for the nine months ended Septe mber 30, 2017.  Operating expenses for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 includes approximately $2.8 million of expenses incurred and fees associated with the termination of an agreement (see Note 10–Commitments and Contingencies in our notes to the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q). Operating expenses were 49.8% of total revenues for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 compared to 54.3% for the nine months ended Septe mber 30, 2017. The decrease as a percent of total revenue results primarily from a focus on cost efficiencies and the impact of cost savings initiatives.
Selling, general and administrative . Selling, general and administrative expenses for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 increased $9.7 million, or 5.5%, to $186.1 million as compared to $176.3 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2017.  The increase primarily relates to an increase in legal and marketing costs partially offset by a decrease in salary costs due in part to cost savings initiatives.  The increase in legal costs largely relates to a legal settlement accrual of $8.1 million recorded in the first quarter of 2018 and a settlement of $4.0 million recorded in the second quarter of 2018 (see Note 10–Commitments and Contingencies in our notes to the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements for further details). As a percentage of total revenue, selling, general and administrative expenses were 17.0% in the nine months ended September 30, 2018 compared to 17.7% in the nine months ended September 30, 2017.
Goodwill impairment charges.   Goodwill impairment charges for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 relates to the full impairment of the goodwill related to our SeaWorld Orlando reporting unit in the prior year period.  See Note 1–Description of the Business and Basis of Presentation in our notes to the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements for further details.
Restructuring and other separation costs. Restructuring and other separation costs for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 primarily relates to the following: (i) approximately $6.7 million in severance and other employment expenses for our Former CEO; (ii) approximately $5.5 million related to severance and other termination benefits associated with the 2018 Restructuring Program; and (iii) and approximately $4.3 million of other separation costs associated with other employees who separated from the Company.  See Note 13–Restructuring Programs and Other Separation Costs in our notes to the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.
Depreciation and amortization. Depreciation and amortization expense for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 decreased $1.0 million (less than 1%) to $119.6 million as compared to $120.6 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2017.
Interest expense. Interest expense for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 increased $2.1 million, or 3.6%, to $60.0 million as compared to $57.9 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2017. The increase primarily relates to increased LIBOR rates and the impact of Amendment 8 to our Senior Secured Credit Facilities entered into on March 31, 2017, partially offset by the impact of interest rate swap agreements. See Note 6–Long-Term Debt in our notes to the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements and the “ Our Indebtedness ” section which follows for further details.  
Loss on early extinguishment of debt and write-off of discounts and debt issuance costs. Loss on early extinguishment of debt and write-off of discounts and debt issuance costs of $8.1 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 primarily relates to a write-off of discounts and debt issuance costs resulting from Amendment 8 to our Senior Secured Credit Facilities entered into on March 31, 2017.  See Note 6–Long-Term Debt in our notes to the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements and the “ Our Indebtedness ” section which follows for further details.
Provision for (benefit from) income taxes. The provision for income taxes in the nine months ended September 30, 2018 was $25.0 million compared to a benefit of $74.4 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2017.  The change primarily resulted from pretax income in the first nine months of 2018 compared to a pretax loss in the first nine months of 2017.  Our consolidated effective tax rate was 30.9% for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 compared to 29.0% for the nine months ended September 30, 2017.  The increase primarily results from the impact of a projected annual state tax expense, a nondeductible legal settlement, and nondeductible equity-based compensation partially offset by a reduction in the corporate federal tax rate from 35% to 21% effective January 1, 2018 due to the Tax Act.  See Note 4–Income Taxes in our notes to the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements for further details.
Liquidity and Capital Resources
Overview
Our principal sources of liquidity are cash generated from operations, funds from borrowings and existing cash on hand. Our principal uses of cash include the funding of working capital obligations, debt service, investments in theme parks (including capital projects), and could also include common stock dividends or share repurchases. As of September 30, 2018, we had a working capital ratio (defined as current assets divided by current liabilities) of 0.8, due in part to a significant deferred revenue balance from revenues paid in advance for our theme park admissions products and high turnover of in-park products that results in a limited inventory balance. We typically operate with a working capital ratio less than 1 and we expect that we will continue to do so in the future. Our cash flow from operations, along with our revolving credit facilities, have allowed us to meet our liquidity needs.
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As market conditions warrant and subject to our contractual restrictions and liquidity position, we, our affiliates and/or our stockholders, may from time to time purch ase our outstanding equity and/or debt securities, including our outstanding bank loans in privately negotiated or open market transactions, by tender offer or otherwise. Any such purchases may be funded by incurring new debt, including additional borrowin gs under the Senior Secured Credit Facilities. Any new debt may also be secured debt. We may also use available cash on our balance sheet. The amounts involved in any such transactions, individually or in the aggregate, may be material. Further, since some of our debt may trade at a discount to the face amount among current or future syndicate members, any such purchases may result in our acquiring and retiring a substantial amount of any particular series, with the attendant reduction in the trading liquid ity of any such series. Depending on conditions in the credit and capital markets and other factors, we will, from time to time, consider other financing transactions, the proceeds of which could be used to refinance our indebtedness or for other purposes.
Share Repurchases
Our Board has authorized a share repurchase program of up to $250.0 million of our common stock (the “Share Repurchase Program”). Under the Share Repurchase Program, we are authorized to repurchase shares through open market purchases, privately-negotiated transactions or otherwise in accordance with applicable federal securities laws, including through Rule 10b5-1 trading plans and under Rule 10b-18 of the Exchange Act. The Share Repurchase Program has no time limit and may be suspended or discontinued completely at any time.  The number of shares to be purchased and the timing of purchases will be based on the level of our cash balances, general business and market conditions, and other factors, including legal requirements, debt covenant restrictions and alternative investment opportunities.
Pursuant to the Share Repurchase Program, we have approximately up to $190.0 million authorized and available for future repurchases as of September 30, 2018. There were no share repurchases during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018. See Note 12–Stockholders’ Equity in our notes to the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements for further details.
Other
As of September 30, 2018, we have five interest rate swap agreements (“the Interest Rate Swap Agreements”) which effectively fix the interest rate on the LIBOR-indexed interest payments associated with $1.0 billion of SEA’s outstanding long-term debt. The Interest Rate Swap Agreements became effective on September 30, 2016; have a total notional amount of $1.0 billion; and mature on May 14, 2020. See Note 6–Long-Term Debt and Note 7–Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities to our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements for further details.
We believe that existing cash and cash equivalents, cash flow from operations, and available borrowings under our revolving credit facility will be adequate to meet the capital expenditures and working capital requirements of our operations for at least the next 12 months.
The following table presents a summary of our cash flows provided by (used in) operating, investing, and financing activities for the periods indicated:
 	 	For the Nine Months Ended September 30,	 	
 	 	2018	 	 	2017	 	
 	 	(In thousands)	 	
Net cash provided by operating activities	 	$	267,458	 	 	$	187,779	 	
Net cash used in investing activities	 	 	(141,227	)	 	 	(138,123	)	
Net cash used in financing activities	 	 	(32,856	)	 	 	(65,555	)	
Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents, including restricted cash	 	$	93,375	 	 	$	(15,899	)	
Cash Flows from Operating Activities
Net cash provided by operating activities was $267.5 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2018 as compared to $187.8 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2017.  The increase in net cash provided by operating activities was primarily impacted by improved operating performance.
Cash Flows from Investing Activities
Investing activities consist principally of capital investments we make in our theme parks for future attractions and infrastructure.  Net cash used in investing activities during the nine months ended September 30, 2018 consisted primarily of capital expenditures of $140.9 million largely related to future attractions.
Net cash used in investing activities during the nine months ended September 30, 2017 consisted primarily of $139.6 million of capital expenditures largely related to attractions that opened in 2017.  
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The amount of our capital expenditures may be affected by gene ral economic and financial conditions, among other things, including restrictions imposed by our borrowing arrangements. We generally expect to fund our capital expenditures through our operating cash flow.
Cash Flows from Financing Activities
Net cash used in financing activities during the nine months ended September 30, 2018 results primarily from net repayments of $15.0 million on our revolving credit facility and $17.8 million on our long-term debt.  
Net cash used in financing activities during the nine months ended September 30, 2017 results primarily from net repayments on long-term debt of $22.7 million, net repayments of $24.4 million on our revolving credit facility and $15.4 million of debt issuance costs paid in connection with Amendment No. 8 to our Senior Secured Credit Facilities, as defined below. See Note 6–Long-term Debt in our notes to the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements for further details.
Our Indebtedness
The Company is a holding company and conducts its operations through its subsidiaries, which have incurred or guaranteed indebtedness as described below.
Senior Secured Credit Facilities
SeaWorld Parks & Entertainment, Inc. (“SEA”) is the borrower under our senior secured credit facilities (the “Senior Secured Credit Facilities”) pursuant to a credit agreement dated as of December 1, 2009, by and among SEA, as borrower, Bank of America, N.A., as administrative agent, collateral agent, letter of credit issuer and swing line lender and the other agents and lenders party thereto, as the same may be amended, restated, supplemented or modified from time to time. On March 31, 2017, SEA entered into a refinancing amendment, Amendment No. 8 (the “Amendment No. 8”), to the existing Senior Secured Credit Facilities and on October 31, 2018, SEA entered into another refinancing amendment, Amendment No. 9 (the “Amended Credit Agreement”), to the existing Senior Secured Credit Facilities.  
As of September 30, 2018, prior to the Amended Credit Agreement, our Senior Secured Credit Facilities consisted of $983.3 million in Term B-5 Loans which will mature on March 31, 2024 and $543.9 million in Term B-2 Loans which would have matured on May 14, 2020, along with a $210.0 million senior secured Revolving Credit Facility, which was not drawn upon as of September 30, 2018.  On October 31, 2018, in connection with the Amended Credit Agreement, SEA borrowed $543.9 million of additional term loans (the “Additional Term B-5 Loans”) of which the proceeds, along with cash on hand, were used to redeem all of the then outstanding principal of the Term B-2 Loans, with a principal amount equal to $543.9 million, and pay other fees, costs and expenses in connection with the Amended Credit Agreement and related transactions. Additionally, pursuant to the Amended Credit Agreement, SEA terminated the existing revolving credit commitments and replaced them with a new tranche of revolving credit commitments with an aggregate commitment amount of $210.0 million (the “New Revolving Credit Facility”) with a maturity date of October 31, 2023.
As of September 30, 2018, SEA had approximately $21.3 million of outstanding letters of credit, leaving approximately $188.7 million available for borrowing under the Revolving Credit Facility.
See Note 6–Long-Term Debt in our notes to the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements for further details concerning our long-term debt.
Covenant Compliance
As of September 30, 2018, SEA was in compliance with all covenants in the credit agreement governing the Senior Secured Credit Facilities.
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The credit agreement governing our Senior Secured Credit Facilities provides for certain events of default which, if any of them were to occur, would permit or require the principal of and accrued interest, if any, on the loans under the Senior Secured Credit Facilities to become or be declared due and payable (subject, in some cases, to specified grace periods).  Under the credit agreement governing the Senior Secured Credit Facilities, our ability to engage in activi ties such as incurring additional indebtedness, making investments, refinancing certain indebtedness, paying dividends and entering into certain merger transactions is governed, in part, by our ability to satisfy tests based on “Adjusted EBITDA”.  The Seni or Secured Credit Facilities defines “Adjusted EBITDA” as net income before interest expense, income tax expense, depreciation and amortization, as further adjusted to exclude certain unusual, non-cash, and other items permitted in calculating covenant com pliance under the Senior Secured Credit Facilities, subject to certain limitations. Adjusted EBITDA as defined in the Senior Secured Credit Facilities is consistent with our reported Adjusted EBITDA.
The Amended Credit Agreement removed all financial covenants on the Term B-5 Loans. The New Revolving Credit Facility requires that SEA comply with a springing maximum first lien secured leverage ratio of 6.25x to be tested as of the last day of any fiscal quarter, solely to the extent that on such date the aggregate amount of funded loans and letters of credit (excluding undrawn letters of credit in an amount not to exceed $30.0 million and cash collateralized letters of credit) under the New Revolving Credit Facility exceeds an amount equal to 35% of the then outstanding commitments under the New Revolving Credit Facility.  Additionally, the definition of Adjusted EBITDA was amended to include the following items which had previously been added back on a limited basis:  (i) add-backs of certain unusual items on a pre-tax basis which were previously added back on an after-tax basis only and (ii) unlimited add-backs primarily related to business optimization, development and strategic initiative costs which were previously limited to $15.0 million in any fiscal year.  The Amended Credit Agreement also replaces the previous $10.0 million limitation on estimated cost savings with a limitation of 25% of the latest twelve months Adjusted EBITDA, calculated before estimated cost savings and increases the realization limit for estimated cost savings, operating expense reductions and synergies to 18 months.  
The Senior Secured Credit Facilities contain a number of covenants that, among other things, restrict our ability and the ability of our restricted subsidiaries to, among other things, make certain restricted payments (as defined in the Senior Secured Credit Facilities), including dividend payments and share repurchases. The Senior Secured Credit Facilities permits the Company’s calculation of these covenants to be based on Adjusted EBITDA, as defined above, for the last twelve month period further adjusted for net annualized estimated savings the Company expects to realize over the following 18 month period (or 12 month period prior to the Amended Credit Agreement) related to savings initiatives from certain specified actions, including restructurings and cost savings initiatives.  These estimated savings are calculated net of the amount of actual benefits realized during such period. These estimated savings are a non-GAAP Adjusted EBITDA add-back item only used in the Amended Credit Agreement and does not impact the Company’s reported GAAP net income (loss).  As disclosed above, the Amended Credit Agreement limits the amount of such estimated savings which may be reflected to 25% of Adjusted EBITDA, calculated for the last twelve months before the impact of these estimated cost savings. Prior to the Amended Credit Agreement, the credit agreement limited the amount of such estimated savings which could be reflected in the calculation of Adjusted EBITDA to $10.0 million for any four consecutive fiscal quarters calculated as the amount the Company expected to realize over the following 12 month period.  
As of September 30, 2018, the total net leverage ratio as calculated under the Senior Secured Credit Facilities was 3.40 to 1.00.  The Company is not subject to any limitations on restricted payments, so long as the total net leverage ratio calculated on a pro forma basis after giving effect to the payment of any such restricted payment is no greater than 3.50 to 1.00. The Company’s total net leverage ratio is calculated by dividing total net debt by the last twelve months Adjusted EBITDA plus $27.7 million in estimated cost savings which have been identified based on certain specified actions the Company has taken, including restructurings and cost savings initiatives.  
Adjusted EBITDA
We believe that the presentation of Adjusted EBITDA is appropriate as it eliminates the effect of certain non-cash and other items not necessarily indicative of a company’s underlying operating performance. The presentation of Adjusted EBITDA provides additional information to investors about the calculation of, and compliance with, certain financial covenants and other relevant metrics in the credit agreement governing the Senior Secured Credit Facilities.  Adjusted EBITDA is a material component of these covenants.  We use Adjusted EBITDA in connection with certain components of our executive compensation program. In addition, investors, lenders, financial analysts and rating agencies have historically used EBITDA related measures in our industry, along with other measures, to estimate the value of a company, to make informed investment decisions and to evaluate companies in the industry.  
Adjusted EBITDA is not a recognized term under accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”), should not be considered in isolation or as a substitute for a measure of our financial performance prepared in accordance with GAAP and is not indicative of income from operations as determined under GAAP. Adjusted EBITDA and other non-GAAP financial measures have limitations which should be considered before using these measures to evaluate our financial performance. Adjusted EBITDA, as presented by us, may not be comparable to similarly titled measures of other companies due to varying methods of calculation.
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The following table reconciles Adjusted EBITDA, as defined in the Amended Credit Agreement, to net income (loss) for the per iods indicated:
SEAWORLD ENTERTAINMENT, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
UNAUDITED RECONCILIATION OF NON-GAAP FINANCIAL MEASURES
 	 	For the Three Months Ended September 30,	 	 	For the Nine Months Ended September 30,	 	 	Last Twelve Months Ended
September 30,	 	 	
 	 	2018	 	 	2017	 	 	2018	 	 	2017	 	 	2018	 	 	
 	 	(Unaudited, in thousands)	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Net income (loss)	 	$	95,988	 	 	$	55,034	 	 	$	55,841	 	 	$	(181,945	)	 	$	35,400	 	 	
Provision for (benefit from) income taxes	 	 	36,301	 	 	 	33,736	 	 	 	25,016	 	 	 	(74,437	)	 	 	14,447	 	 	
Loss on early extinguishment of debt and write-off of discounts and debt issuance costs (a)	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	8,143	 	 	 	—	 	 	
Interest expense	 	 	19,500	 	 	 	20,160	 	 	 	59,974	 	 	 	57,873	 	 	 	80,102	 	 	
Depreciation and amortization	 	 	41,187	 	 	 	42,230	 	 	 	119,635	 	 	 	120,597	 	 	 	162,332	 	 	
Goodwill impairment charges (b)	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	269,332	 	 	 	—	 	 	
Equity-based compensation expense (c)	 	 	5,183	 	 	 	3,245	 	 	 	18,620	 	 	 	19,265	 	 	 	22,558	 	 	
Loss on impairment or disposal of assets (d)	 	 	4,222	 	 	 	7,814	 	 	 	11,873	 	 	 	8,727	 	 	 	15,577	 	 	
Business optimization, development and strategic initiative costs (e)	 	 	7,670	 	 	 	7,370	 	 	 	26,604	 	 	 	13,662	 	 	 	30,415	 	 	
Certain investment costs and franchise taxes (f)	 	 	2,890	 	 	 	386	 	 	 	3,305	 	 	 	504	 	 	 	3,883	 	 	
Other adjusting items (g)	 	 	(544	)	 	 	3,791	 	 	 	15,808	 	 	 	7,198	 	 	 	20,394	 	 	
Adjusted EBITDA (h)	 	$	212,397	 	 	$	173,766	 	 	$	336,676	 	 	$	248,919	 	 	$	385,108	 	 	
Items added back to Adjusted EBITDA, after cost savings, as defined in the Amended Credit Agreement :	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Estimated cost savings (i)	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	27,700	 	 	
Adjusted EBITDA, after cost savings (j)	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	$	412,808	 	 	
Prior to the Amended Credit Agreement, the credit agreement governing our Senior Secured Credit Facilities limited the amount of certain add-backs as described in footnotes (e) and (g) below.  The following table reconciles the Adjusted EBITDA calculation as previously defined prior to the Amended Credit Agreement to the Adjusted EBITDA calculation as defined in the Amended Credit Agreement.  This table is presented as supplemental information only:
 
 	 	For the Three Months Ended March 31,	 	 	For the Three Months Ended June 30,	 	 	For the Three Months Ended September 30,	 	 	For the Nine Months Ended September 30,	 	
 	 	2018	 	 	2017	 	 	2018	 	 	2017	 	 	2018	 	 	2017	 	 	2018	 	 	2017	 	
 	 	(Unaudited, in thousands)	 	
Adjusted EBITDA (as previously defined )	 	$	(117	)	 	$	(30,363	)	 	$	117,619	 	 	$	104,221	 	 	$	204,852	 	 	$	172,326	 	 	$	322,354	 	 	$	246,184	 	
Certain expenses over previous credit agreement limit (e)	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	3,934	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	7,670	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	11,604	 	 	 	—	 	
Taxes related to other adjusting items not previously added back (g)	 	 	2,415	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	428	 	 	 	1,295	 	 	 	(125	)	 	 	1,440	 	 	 	2,718	 	 	 	2,735	 	
Adjusted EBITDA (as defined in the Amended Credit Agreement) (h)	 	$	2,298	 	 	$	(30,363	)	 	$	121,981	 	 	$	105,516	 	 	$	212,397	 	 	$	173,766	 	 	$	336,676	 	 	$	248,919	 	
 	
(a)	Reflects primarily the write-off of $8.0 million in debt issuance costs incurred on the Term B-5 Loans during the nine months ended September 30, 2017. See Note 6–Long-Term Debt in our notes to the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements for further details.	
(b)	Reflects non-cash goodwill impairment charges incurred in the nine months ended September 30, 2017 related to the full impairment of goodwill for our SeaWorld Orlando reporting unit.  See Note 1–Description of the Business and Basis of Presentation in our notes to the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements for further details.	
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(c)	Reflects non-cash equity compensation expenses associated with the grants of equity compensation. For the nine months ended September 30, 2018, includes approximately $5.5 million, related to equity awards which were accelerated in connection with the departure of certain executives, as required by their respective employment agreements. For the nine months en ded September 30, 2017, includes $8.4 million associated with certain performance-vesting restricted shares which vested in the second quarter of 2017.  See Note 11–Equity-Based Compensation in our notes to the unaudited condensed consolidated financial st atements for further details.	
(d)	Reflects primarily non-cash expenses related to fixed asset write-offs and impairments.  	
(e)	For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018, business optimization, development and other strategic initiative costs incurred related to: (i) $3.9 million and $16.4 million, respectively, of severance and other employment costs which, for the three months ended September 30, 2018 primarily relates to the 2018 Restructuring Program and for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 primarily relates to costs associated with the departure of certain executives during 2018 (see Note 13–Restructuring Programs and Other Separation Costs in our notes to the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements for further details); (ii) $3.6 million and $8.9 million, respectively, of third party consulting costs; and (iii) $0.2 million and $1.3 million, respectively, of product and intellectual property development costs.	
For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017, reflects business optimization, development and other strategic initiative costs primarily composed of:  (i) $5.1 million of costs related to the 2017 Restructuring Program; (ii) $0.9 million and $3.6 million, respectively, of third party consulting costs; (iii) $0.6 million and $3.8 million, respectively, of product and intellectual property development costs; and (iv) additional net separation costs of $0.1 million and $0.5 million incurred in the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017 for certain positions eliminated not related to a formal restructuring or cost savings initiative.  
Prior to the Amended Credit Agreement, due to limitations under the credit agreement governing our Senior Secured Credit Facilities, the amount which the Company was able to add back to Adjusted EBITDA for these costs, was limited to $15.0 million in any fiscal year. As such, the Adjusted EBITDA calculation for the three and six months ended June 30, 2018 previously reported did not reflect approximately $3.9 million of related costs due to these limitations.  
(f)	Reflects primarily a loss of approximately $2.8 million during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 relating to expenses incurred and fees associated with the termination of an agreement.   See Note 10–Commitments and Contingencies in our notes to the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements for further details.	
(g)	Reflects the impact of expenses incurred primarily related to certain legal matters, which we are permitted to exclude under the credit agreement governing our Senior Secured Credit Facilities due to the unusual nature of the items.   For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018, includes approximately $1.5 million of insurance recoveries received related to these legal matters. For the nine months ended September 30, 2018, also includes $12.1 million related to legal settlements. See Note 10–Commitments and Contingencies in our notes to the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements for further details.	
Prior to the Amended Credit Agreement, these items were excluded on an after-tax basis only, as such, the Adjusted EBITDA calculation for the three months ended March 31 and June 30, 2018 previously reported did not reflect related taxes of approximately $2.4 million and $0.4 million, respectively.  Additionally, the Adjusted EBITDA calculation for the three months ended June 30, 2017 and for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017, did not reflect related taxes of approximately $1.3 million, $1.4 million and $2.7 million, respectively.
(h)	Adjusted EBITDA is defined as net income (loss) before income tax expense, interest expense, depreciation and amortization, as further adjusted to exclude certain non-cash, and other items permitted in calculating covenant compliance under the credit agreement governing the Company’s Senior Secured Credit Facilities. The Adjusted EBITDA presentation for the prior periods has been changed to conform with the current period presentation.  In particular, the Adjusted EBITDA calculation was changed to conform with the changes made to its definition in the Amended Credit Agreement.  Prior to the Amended Credit Agreement, the credit agreement governing our Senior Secured Credit Facilities limited the amount of certain add-backs as described in footnotes (e) and (g) above.  	
(i)	The Senior Secured Credit Facilities permits the Company’s calculation of certain covenants to be based on Adjusted EBITDA, as defined above, for the last twelve month period further adjusted for net annualized estimated savings the Company expects to realize over the following 18 month period related to certain specified actions, including restructurings and cost savings initiatives.  These estimated savings are calculated net of the amount of actual benefits realized during such period. These estimated savings are a non-GAAP Adjusted EBITDA add-back item only as defined in the Amended Credit Agreement and does not impact the Company’s reported GAAP net income (loss).  The Amended Credit Agreement limits the amount of such estimated savings which may be reflected to 25% of Adjusted EBITDA, calculated for the last twelve months before the impact of these estimated cost savings. Prior to the Amended Credit Agreement, the credit agreement limited the amount of such estimated savings which could be reflected in the calculation of Adjusted EBITDA to $10.0 million for any four consecutive fiscal quarters calculated as the amount the Company expected to realize over the following 12 month period.  	
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(j)	The Senior Secured Credit Facilities permits the Company’s calculation of certain covenants to be based on Adjusted EBITDA, as defined above, for the last twelve month period further adjusted for net annualized estimated savings as described in footnote (i) a bove.	
Contractual Obligations
There have been no material changes to our contractual obligations as of September 30, 2018 from those previously disclosed in our Annual Report on Form 10-K. On October 31, 2018, subsequent to the third quarter, we executed Amendment No. 9 to our Senior Secured Credit Facilities. See Note 6–Long-Term Debt in our notes to the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements for further details.
Critical Accounting Policies
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of certain assets and liabilities, revenues and expenses, and disclosure of contingencies during the reporting period. Significant estimates and assumptions include the valuation and useful lives of long-lived tangible and intangible assets, the valuation of goodwill and other indefinite-lived intangible assets, the accounting for income taxes, the accounting for self-insurance and revenue recognition. Actual results could differ from those estimates. The critical accounting estimates associated with these policies are described in our Annual Report on Form 10-K under “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.” These critical accounting policies include property and equipment, impairment of long-lived assets, goodwill and other indefinite-lived intangible assets, accounting for income taxes, self-insurance reserves, and revenue recognition. There have been no material changes to our significant accounting policies as compared to the significant accounting policies described in our Annual Report on Form 10-K, filed on February 28, 2018, except as disclosed in Note 1–Description of the Business and Basis of Presentation in our notes to the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements , related to the adoption of Accounting Standards Codification, Topic 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers.  
Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements
We had no off-balance sheet arrangements as of September 30, 2018.
Recently Issued Financial Accounting Standards
Refer to Note 2–Recent Accounting Pronouncements in our notes to the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements for further details.
 Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk
Inflation
The impact of inflation has affected, and will continue to affect, our operations significantly. Our costs of food, merchandise and other revenues are influenced by inflation and fluctuations in global commodity prices. In addition, costs for construction, repairs and maintenance are all subject to inflationary pressures.
Interest Rate Risk
We are exposed to market risks from fluctuations in interest rates, and to a lesser extent on currency exchange rates, from time to time, on imported rides and equipment. The objective of our financial risk management is to reduce the potential negative impact of interest rate and foreign currency exchange rate fluctuations to acceptable levels. We do not acquire market risk sensitive instruments for trading purposes.
We manage interest rate risk through the use of a combination of fixed-rate long-term debt and interest rate swaps that fix a portion of our variable-rate long-term debt.
The changes in the fair value of derivatives designated and that qualify as cash flow hedges is recorded in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) and is subsequently reclassified into earnings in the period that the hedged forecasted transaction affects earnings. Amounts reported in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) related to derivatives will be reclassified to interest expense as interest payments are made on our variable-rate debt. During the next 12 months, our estimate is that an additional $2.8 million will be reclassified as interest income.
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After considering the impact of interest rate swap agreements, at September 30, 2018, approximately $1.0 billion of our outstanding long-term debt represents fixe d-rate debt and approximately $527.3 million represents variable-rate debt. Assuming an average balance on our revolving credit borrowings of approximately $40.0 million, a hypothetical 100 bps increase in LIBOR on our variable-rate debt would lead to an i ncrease of approximately $5.7 million in annual cash interest costs due to the impact of our fixed-rate swap agreements.
 Item 4. Controls and Procedures
Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures
Regulations under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), require public companies, including us, to maintain “disclosure controls and procedures,” which are defined in Rule 13a-15(e) and Rule 15d-15(e) of the Exchange Act to mean a company’s controls and other procedures that are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed in the reports that it files or submits under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported, within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms. Disclosure controls and procedures include, without limitation, controls and procedures designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed in our reports filed under the Exchange Act is accumulated and communicated to management, including our principal executive officer and principal financial officer, or persons performing similar functions, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required or necessary disclosures. In designing and evaluating our disclosure controls and procedures, management recognizes that disclosure controls and procedures, no matter how well conceived and operated, can provide only reasonable, not absolute, assurance that the objectives of the disclosure controls and procedures are met. Additionally, in designing disclosure controls and procedures, our management necessarily was required to apply its judgment in evaluating the cost-benefit relationship of possible disclosure controls and procedures. Our principal executive officer and principal financial officer have concluded, based on the evaluation of the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures by our management as of the end of the fiscal quarter covered by this Quarterly Report, that our disclosure controls and procedures were effective to accomplish their objectives at a reasonable assurance level.
Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting
Regulations under the Exchange Act require public companies, including our Company, to evaluate any change in our “internal control over financial reporting” as such term is defined in Rule 13a-15(f) and Rule 15d-15(f) of the Exchange Act. There have been no changes in our internal control over financial reporting during the fiscal quarter covered by this Quarterly Report that have materially affected, or that are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.
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 PART II — OTHE R INFORMATION
 Item 1. Legal Proceedings
See Note 10–Commitments and Contingencies in our notes to the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements for further details concerning our legal proceedings.
 
 Item 1A. Risk Factors
There have been no material changes to the risk factors set forth in Item 1A. to Part I of our Annual Report on Form 10-K, as filed on February 28, 2018, except as set forth in our Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarterly period ended March 31, 2018, as filed on May 9, 2018, our Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarterly period ended June 30, 2018, as filed on August 7, 2018, and as noted below and except to the extent factual information disclosed elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q relates to such risk factors.
Financial distress experienced by our strategic partners or other counterparties could have an adverse impact on us.
We are party to numerous contracts of varying durations. Certain of our agreements are comprised of a mixture of firm and non-firm commitments, varying tenures and varying renewal terms, among other terms. There can be no guarantee that, upon the expiration of our contracts, we will be able to renew such contracts on terms as favorable to us, or at all.
Although we attempt to assess the creditworthiness of our strategic partners and other contract counterparties, there can be no assurance as to the creditworthiness of any such strategic partner or contract counterparty. Financial distress experienced by our strategic partners or other counterparties could have an adverse impact in the event such parties are unable to pay us for the services we provide or otherwise fulfill their contractual obligations.
We are exposed to the risk of loss in the event of non-performance by such strategic partners or other counterparties. Some of these counterparties may be highly leveraged and subject to their own operating, market and regulatory risks, and some are experiencing, or may experience in the future, severe financial problems that have had or may have a significant impact on their creditworthiness. For example, in April 2018, it was reported that an affiliate of ZHG Group was experiencing financial distress. The inability of affiliates of ZHG Group to pay amounts due to us or otherwise fulfill their obligations to us under their agreements with us, including the Park Exclusivity and Concept Design Agreement (“ECDA”) and/or the Center Concept & Preliminary Design Support Agreement (“CDSA”) , could have an adverse impact on us.  In addition, the sale or transfer of our common stock owned by affiliates of ZHG Group, or the perception that such sales or transfers could occur, could harm the prevailing market price of shares of our common stock.
We cannot provide any assurance that our strategic partners and other contractual counterparties will not become financially distressed or that such financially distressed strategic partners or counterparties will not default on their obligations to us or file for bankruptcy or other creditor protection. If one of such strategic partners or counterparties files for bankruptcy or other creditor protection, we may be unable to collect all, or even a significant portion, of amounts owed to us. Contracts with such strategic partners or counterparties could also be subject to renegotiation or rejection under applicable provisions of bankruptcy laws.  If any such contract is rejected, we would be left with a general unsecured claim against such contract counterparty’s bankruptcy estate.  The recovery rate on general unsecured claims is speculative and inherently uncertain, and it is possible that we may receive little to no recovery on account of such claim.  Accordingly, significant strategic partner and other counterparty defaults and bankruptcy filings could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial position, results of operations or cash flows.
Any material nonpayment or nonperformance from our contract counterparties due to inability or unwillingness to perform or adhere to contractual arrangements could have a material adverse impact on our business, results of operations, financial condition and ability to make cash distributions to its shareholders. Furthermore, in the case of financially distressed strategic partners, such events might otherwise force such strategic partners to curtail their commercial relationships with us, which could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations, financial condition, and cash flows.
 
41

Adverse litigation judgments or settlements resulting from legal proceedings in which we may be involved in the normal course of our business could reduce our profits or limit our ability to operate our business.
We are subject to allegations, claims and legal actions arising in the ordinary course of our business, which may include claims by third parties, including guests who visit our theme parks, our employees or regulators. We are currently subject to securities litigation.  The Company is also subject to audits, inspections and investigations by, or receives requests for information from, various federal and state regulatory agencies, including, but not limited to, the U.S. Department of Agriculture’s Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (APHIS), the U.S. Department of Labor’s Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA), the California Occupational Safety and Health Administration (Cal-OSHA), state departments of labor, the Florida Fish & Wildlife Commission (FWC), the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC), the Internal Revenue Service (IRS), the U.S. Department of Justice (DOJ) and the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC). From time to time, various parties may also bring lawsuits against the Company.  
For example, in June 2017, the Company received a subpoena in connection with an investigation by the DOJ concerning certain disclosures and public statements made by the Company and certain individuals on or before August 2014 and trading in the Company’s securities.  The Company also has received subpoenas from the staff of the SEC in connection with these matters and during the three months ended September 30, 2018, the Company reached a settlement with the SEC. In connection with the settlement, without admitting or denying the substantive allegations in the SEC’s complaint, the Company agreed to the entry of a final judgment ordering the Company to pay a civil penalty of $4.0 million and enjoining the Company from violation of certain provisions of the Securities Act of 1933 and the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 and certain rules thereunder. The settlement was approved by the U.S. District Court for the Southern District of New York on September 24, 2018.  The settlement is recorded in selling, general and administrative expenses for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 in the Company’s unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements. 
We discuss securities litigation and other litigation to which we are subject in greater detail in Note 10–Commitments and Contingencies to our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.
The outcome of many of these proceedings cannot be predicted. If any proceedings, audits, inspections or investigations were to be determined adversely against us or resulted in legal actions, claims, regulatory proceedings, enforcement actions, or judgments, fines, or settlements involving a payment of material sums of money, or if injunctive relief were issued against us, our business, financial condition and results of operations could be materially adversely affected.  Even the successful defense of legal proceedings may cause us to incur substantial legal costs and may divert management’s attention and resources.

We may be unable to purchase or contract with third-party manufacturers for our theme park rides and attractions, or construction delays may occur and impact attraction openings.
We may be unable to purchase or contract with third parties to build high quality rides and attractions and to continue to service and maintain those rides and attractions at competitive or beneficial prices, or to provide the replacement parts needed to maintain the operation of such rides. In addition, if our third-party suppliers’ financial condition deteriorates or they go out of business, we may not be able to obtain the full benefit of manufacturer warranties or indemnities typically contained in our contracts or may need to incur greater costs for the maintenance, repair, replacement or insurance of these assets.
We may also incur unanticipated construction delays in completing capital projects which could adversely affect ride or attraction opening dates which could impact our attendance or revenues.  Further, when rides and/or attractions have downtime and/or closures, our attendance or revenue could be adversely affected.
We are subject to scrutiny by activist and other third-party groups and media who can pressure governmental agencies, vendors, partners, and/or regulators, bring action in the courts or create negative publicity about us.
From time to time, animal activist and other third-party groups may make claims before government agencies, bring lawsuits against us, and/or attempt to generate negative publicity associated with our business. Such activities sometimes are based on allegations that we do not properly care for some of our animals. On other occasions, such activities are specifically designed to change existing law or enact new law in order to impede our ability to retain, exhibit, acquire or breed animals. While we seek to structure our operations to comply with all applicable federal and state laws and vigorously defend ourselves when sued, there are no assurances as to the outcome of future claims and lawsuits that could be brought against us.   Even if not successful, these lawsuits can require deployment of company resources.
42

Negative publicity created by activists or the media could adversely affect our reputation and results of operations. At times, activists and other third-party groups have also attempted to generate negative publicity related to our relationships with our business partners, such as corporate sponsors, promotional partners, vendors, ticket resellers and others. These activities have led some ticket resellers to stop selling SeaWorld-branded tickets.  Although sales from any particular ticket reseller may not constitute a significant portion of our ticket sales, we w ill attempt to find alternative distribution channels.  However, there can be no assurance that we will be successful or that those channels will be as successful or not have additional costs.  If we are unable to find cost effective alternative distributi on channels, the loss of multiple ticket resellers could have a negative impact on our results of operations.
 
We may not realize the benefits of acquisitions or other strategic initiatives.
Our business strategy may include selective expansion, both domestically and internationally, through acquisitions of assets or other strategic initiatives, such as joint ventures, that allow us to profitably expand our business and leverage our brands. For example, on December 13, 2016, we announced our partnership with Miral Asset Management LLC to develop SeaWorld Abu Dhabi, a first-of-its-kind marine life themed park on Yas Island. In addition, on March 24, 2017, we entered into the ECDA and the CDSA with an affiliate of ZHG Group to provide design, support and advisory services for various potential projects and granting exclusive rights in China, Taiwan, Hong Kong and Macau. There is no assurance that the Miral partnership or any other expansion effort for our business, including without limitation the ECDA and the CDSA, will be successful. Any international transactions and partnerships are subject to additional risks, including foreign and U.S. regulations on the import and export of animals, the impact of economic fluctuations in economies outside of the United States, difficulties and costs of staffing and managing foreign operations due to distance, language and cultural differences, as well as political instability and lesser degree of legal protection in certain jurisdictions, currency exchange fluctuations and potentially adverse tax consequences of overseas operations. In addition, the success of any acquisition depends on effective integration of acquired businesses and assets into our operations, which is subject to risks and uncertainties, including realization of anticipated synergies and cost savings, the ability to retain and attract personnel, the diversion of management’s attention from other business concerns, and undisclosed or potential legal liabilities of acquired businesses or assets.
 
The Company has a strategic plan to grow revenue and Adjusted EBITDA and, from time to time, identifies and executes on cost reduction opportunities.  There can be no assurances that we will be able to achieve the cost savings, grow our business or realize operational efficiencies.  See further discussion under the caption “ Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations―Principal Factors Affecting Our Results of Operations―Costs and Expenses” included elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.
 
Tariffs or other trade restrictions could adversely impact our business, financial condition and results of operations.
We purchase some of our merchandise for resale and other products used in our business from entities which are located in foreign countries. Additionally, some of our ride manufacturers may be located in foreign countries or utilize components manufactured or sourced from foreign countries.  These relationships expose us to risks associated with doing business globally, including changes in tariffs, quotas and other restrictions on imports (collectively, “Trade Restrictions”). Recently, the United States imposed increased tariffs on certain imports from China. While the current tariffs have not had a material impact on goods that we currently either import from China or purchase from domestic vendors which import from China, the U.S. administration has proposed additional tariffs on a list of thousands of categories of products that may be imposed imminently and expressed a willingness for further tariffs on goods imported from China, including on additional items that we purchase. While it is too early to predict how the recently enacted, proposed and any future tariffs or any other Trade Restrictions will impact our business, such Trade Restrictions would likely result in lower gross margin on impacted products, unless we are able to take successfully any one or more of the following mitigating actions: increase our prices, move production to countries with no or lower tariffs or away from domestic vendors who source from China or other tariff impacted countries, or alter or cease offering certain products. Any increase in pricing, alteration of products or reduced product offering could reduce the competitiveness of our products. Furthermore, any retaliatory counter-measures imposed by countries subject to such tariffs, such as China, could increase our, or our vendors’, import expenses. Additionally, even if the products we import are not directly impacted by additional tariffs, the imposition of such additional tariffs on goods imported into the United States could cause increased prices for consumer goods, in general, which could have a negative impact on consumer spending for discretionary items reducing attendance or spending at our parks. These direct and indirect impacts of increased tariffs or Trade Restrictions implemented by the United States, both individually and cumulatively, could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of future operations.    

43

 Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equi ty Securities and Use of Proceeds
The Company had no unregistered sales of equity securities during the third quarter of 2018.  The following table sets forth information with respect to shares of our common stock purchased by the Company during the periods indicated:
Period Beginning	 	Period Ended	 	Total Number
of Shares
Purchased (1)	 	 	Average
Price Paid
per Share	 	 	Total Number of
Shares
Purchased as
Part of Publicly
Announced Plans
or Programs	 	 	Maximum Number
(or Approximate
Dollar Value) of
Shares that May
Yet Be Purchased
Under the Plans
or Programs (2)	 	
July 1, 2018	 	July 31, 2018	 	 	1,401	 	 	$	21.82	 	 	 	—	 	 	$	190,000,035	 	
August 1, 2018	 	August 31, 2018	 	 	18,970	 	 	$	28.25	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	190,000,035	 	
September 1, 2018	 	September 30, 2018	 	 	3,387	 	 	$	31.14	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	190,000,035	 	
 	 	 	 	 	23,758	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	—	 	 	$	190,000,035	 	
 
 	(1)	All purchases were made pursuant to the Company’s Omnibus Incentive Plan, under which participants may satisfy tax withholding obligations incurred upon the vesting of restricted stock by requesting the Company to withhold shares with a value equal to the amount of the withholding obligation.	
 	(2)	In 2014, the Company announced a share repurchase program approved by the Board authorizing the repurchase of up to $250.0 million of the Company’s common stock (the “Share Repurchase Program”). Under the Share Repurchase Program, the Company is authorized to repurchase shares through open market purchases, privately-negotiated transactions or otherwise in accordance with applicable federal securities laws, including through Rule 10b5-1 trading plans and under Rule 10b-18 of the Exchange Act. The Share Repurchase Program has no time limit and may be suspended or discontinued completely at any time.	
 
 Item 3. Defaults Upon Senior Securities
None.
 
 Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures
Not applicable.
 
 Item 5. Other Information
Rule 10b5-1 Plans
Our policy governing transactions in our securities by our directors, officers and employees permits such persons to adopt stock trading plans pursuant to Rule 10b5-1 promulgated by the SEC under the Exchange Act. Our directors, officers and employees have in the past and may from time to time establish such stock trading plans. We do not undertake any obligation to disclose, or to update or revise any disclosure regarding, any such plans and specifically do not undertake to disclose the adoption, amendment, termination or expiration of any such plans.
44

Item 6. Exhibits
The following is a list of all exhibits filed or furnished as part of this report:

Exhibit No.	 	Description	
 	 	 	
10.1	 	Amendment No. 9, dated as of October 31, 2018, to the Credit Agreement, among SeaWorld Parks & Entertainment, Inc., the guarantors party thereto from time to time, JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., as administrative agent, collateral agent, L/C issuer and swing line lender and the other agents and lenders from time to time party thereto (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on November 1, 2018 (File No. 001-35883))	
31.1*	 	Certification of Periodic Report by Chief Executive Officer under Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002	
 	 	 	
31.2*	 	Certification of Periodic Report by Chief Financial Officer under Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002	
 	 	 	
32.1*	 	Certification of Chief Executive Officer Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350 as Adopted Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002	
 	 	 	
32.2*	 	Certification of Chief Financial Officer Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350 as Adopted Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002	
 	 	 	
101.INS*	 	XBRL Instance Document.	
 	 	 	
101.SCH*	 	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document.	
 	 	 	
101.CAL*	 	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document.	
 	 	 	
101.DEF*	 	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document.	
 	 	 	
101.LAB*	 	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document.	
 	 	 	
101.PRE*	 	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document.	
 	 	 	
†	 	Identifies exhibits that consist of a management contract or compensatory plan or arrangement.	
*	 	Filed herewith.	
The agreements and other documents filed as exhibits to this report are not intended to provide factual information or other disclosure other than with respect to the terms of the agreements or other documents themselves, and you should not rely on them for that purpose. In particular, any representations and warranties made by us in these agreements or other documents were made solely within the specific context of the relevant agreement or document and may not describe the actual state of affairs as of the date they were made or at any other time.

45

SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.
 
 	 	SEAWORLD ENTERTAINMENT, INC.	
 	 	(Registrant)	
 	 	 	
Date: November 6, 2018	 	By: /s/ Marc G. Swanson	
 	 	Marc G. Swanson	
 	 	Chief Financial Officer	
 	 	(Principal Financial Officer)	
 	 	 	
Date: November 6, 2018	 	By: /s/ Elizabeth C. Gulacsy	
 	 	Elizabeth C. Gulacsy	
 	 	Chief Accounting Officer	
 	 	(Principal Accounting Officer)	

 
46

Exhibit 31.1
CERTIFICATION OF PERIODIC REPORT UNDER SECTION 302 OF
THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002
I, John T. Reilly, certify that:
1.	I have reviewed this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarterly period ended September 30, 2018 of SeaWorld Entertainment, Inc.;	
2.	Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;	
3.	Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;	
4.	The registrant’s other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:	
 	(a)	Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;	
 	(b)	Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;	
 	(c)	Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and	
 	(d)	Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and	
5.	The registrant’s other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):	
 	(a)	All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and	
 	(b)	Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.	
 
Date: November 6, 2018	 	Signature:	 	/s/ John T. Reilly	
 	 	 	 	John T. Reilly	
 	 	 	 	Interim Chief Executive Officer	
 	 	 	 	(Principal Executive Officer)	

Exhibit 31.2
CERTIFICATION OF PERIODIC REPORT UNDER SECTION 302 OF
THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002
I, Marc G. Swanson, certify that:
1.	I have reviewed this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarterly period ended September 30, 2018 of SeaWorld Entertainment, Inc.;	
2.	Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;	
3.	Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;	
4.	The registrant’s other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:	
 	(a)	Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;	
 	(b)	Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;	
 	(c)	Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and	
 	(d)	Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and	
5.	The registrant’s other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):	
 	(a)	All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and	
 	(b)	Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.	
 
Date: November 6, 2018	 	Signature:	 	/s/ Marc G. Swanson	
 	 	 	 	Marc G. Swanson	
 	 	 	 	Chief Financial Officer	
 	 	 	 	(Principal Financial Officer)	

Exhibit 32.1
CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO
18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350
AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO SECTION 906
OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002
In connection with the Quarterly Report of SeaWorld Entertainment, Inc. (the “Company”) on Form 10-Q for the quarterly period ended September 30, 2018 filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof (the “Report”), I, John T. Reilly, Interim Chief Executive Officer of the Company, do hereby certify, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that:
•	The Report fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and	
•	The information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company for the periods presented therein.	
Date: November 6, 2018

/s/ John T. Reilly	
John T. Reilly	
Interim Chief Executive Officer	
(Principal Executive Officer )	

Exhibit 32.2
CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO
18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350
AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO SECTION 906
OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002
In connection with the Quarterly Report of SeaWorld Entertainment, Inc. (the “Company”) on Form 10-Q for the quarterly period ended September 30, 2018 filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof (the “Report”), I, Marc G. Swanson, Chief Financial Officer of the Company, do hereby certify, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that:
•	The Report fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and	
•	The information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company for the periods presented therein.	
Date: November 6, 2018
 
/s/ Marc G. Swanson	
Marc G. Swanson	
Chief Financial Officer	
(Principal Financial Officer)