SNAP INC, 10-K filed on 2/5/2026
Annual Report
v3.25.4
Cover Page - USD ($)
$ in Billions
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2025
Jan. 31, 2026
Jun. 30, 2025
Entity Information [Line Items]      
Document Type 10-K    
Document Annual Report true    
Current Fiscal Year End Date --12-31    
Document Period End Date Dec. 31, 2025    
Document Transition Report false    
Entity File Number 001-38017    
Entity Registrant Name SNAP INC    
Entity Incorporation, State or Country Code DE    
Entity Tax Identification Number 45-5452795    
Entity Address, Address Line One 3000 31st Street    
Entity Address, City or Town Santa Monica    
Entity Address, State or Province CA    
Entity Address, Postal Zip Code 90405    
City Area Code (310)    
Local Phone Number 399-3339    
Title of 12(b) Security Class A Common Stock, par value $0.00001 per share    
Trading Symbol SNAP    
Security Exchange Name NYSE    
Entity Well-known Seasoned Issuer Yes    
Entity Voluntary Filers No    
Entity Current Reporting Status Yes    
Entity Interactive Data Current Yes    
Entity Filer Category Large Accelerated Filer    
Entity Small Business false    
Entity Emerging Growth Company false    
ICFR Auditor Attestation Flag true    
Document Financial Statement Error Correction false    
Entity Shell Company false    
Entity Public Float     $ 11.6
Amendment Flag false    
Document Fiscal Year Focus 2025    
Document Fiscal Period Focus FY    
Entity Central Index Key 0001564408    
Class A non-voting common stock      
Entity Information [Line Items]      
Entity Common Stock Shares Outstanding   1,434,801,757  
Class B voting common stock      
Entity Information [Line Items]      
Entity Common Stock Shares Outstanding   22,523,290  
Class C voting common stock      
Entity Information [Line Items]      
Entity Common Stock Shares Outstanding   231,626,943  
v3.25.4
Audit Information
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2025
Audit Information [Abstract]  
Auditor Firm ID 42
Auditor Name Ernst & Young LLP
Auditor Location Los Angeles, CA, United States
v3.25.4
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows - USD ($)
$ in Thousands
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2025
Dec. 31, 2024
Dec. 31, 2023
Cash flows from operating activities      
Net loss $ (460,489) $ (697,856) $ (1,322,485)
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash provided by (used in) operating activities:      
Depreciation and amortization 163,633 158,074 168,441
Stock-based compensation 1,016,825 1,041,023 1,324,004
Amortization of debt issuance costs and debt discount (premium) 6,880 9,388 7,361
Losses (gains) on debt and equity securities, net 16,940 8,460 33,027
(Gain) loss on extinguishment of debt (96,734) 6,672 0
Other 26,119 (20,825) (26,958)
Change in operating assets and liabilities, net of effect of acquisitions:      
Accounts receivable, net of allowance (31,827) (94,005) (98,127)
Prepaid expenses and other current assets (66,744) (36,544) (9,920)
Operating lease right-of-use assets 57,214 54,127 70,674
Other assets 7,705 (9,952) 2,238
Accounts payable 45,918 (100,728) 94,988
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities 12,814 150,391 62,130
Operating lease liabilities (34,429) (62,663) (68,007)
Other liabilities (7,655) 7,918 9,155
Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities 656,170 413,480 246,521
Cash flows from investing activities      
Purchases of property and equipment (218,981) (194,826) (211,727)
Purchases of strategic investments (22,500) (2,000) (7,770)
Sales of strategic investments 11,050 1,755 7,559
Cash paid for acquisitions, net of cash acquired (35,499) 0 (50,254)
Purchases of marketable securities (1,275,796) (2,287,668) (2,048,273)
Sales of marketable securities 741,266 354,311 459,481
Maturities of marketable securities 977,159 1,411,444 2,424,717
Other (3,581) (100) (2,779)
Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities 173,118 (717,084) 570,954
Cash flows from financing activities      
Proceeds from issuance of notes, net of issuance costs 2,014,193 740,350 0
Purchase of capped calls 0 (68,850) 0
Proceeds from termination of capped calls 0 62,683 0
Proceeds from the exercise of stock options 374 12,798 1,038
Repurchases of Class A non-voting common stock (750,866) (311,069) (189,394)
Deferred payments for acquisitions (72,539) (3,695) (270,433)
Repurchases of convertible notes (1,994,550) (859,042) 0
Repayment of convertible notes (36,240) 0 0
Other (8,497) (1,799) 0
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities (848,125) (428,624) (458,789)
Change in cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash (18,837) (732,228) 358,686
Cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash, beginning of period 1,050,234 1,782,462 1,423,776
Cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash, end of period 1,031,397 1,050,234 1,782,462
Supplemental disclosures      
Cash paid for income taxes, net 26,716 24,686 30,924
Cash paid for interest $ 65,060 $ 10,284 $ 10,244
v3.25.4
Consolidated Statements of Operations - USD ($)
shares in Thousands, $ in Thousands
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2025
Dec. 31, 2024
Dec. 31, 2023
Income Statement [Abstract]      
Revenue $ 5,931,447 $ 5,361,398 $ 4,606,115
Costs and expenses:      
Cost of revenue 2,669,575 2,474,237 2,114,117
Research and development 1,793,601 1,691,683 1,910,862
Sales and marketing 1,021,305 1,063,675 1,122,092
General and administrative 979,133 919,097 857,423
Total costs and expenses 6,463,614 6,148,692 6,004,494
Operating loss (532,167) (787,294) (1,398,379)
Interest income 134,159 153,466 168,394
Interest expense (121,998) (21,552) (22,024)
Other income (expense), net 68,870 (16,846) (42,414)
Loss before income taxes (451,136) (672,226) (1,294,423)
Income tax benefit (expense) (9,353) (25,630) (28,062)
Net loss $ (460,489) $ (697,856) $ (1,322,485)
Net loss per share attributable to Class A, Class B, and Class C common stockholders (Note 3):      
Basic (in usd per share) $ (0.27) $ (0.42) $ (0.82)
Diluted (in usd per share) $ (0.27) $ (0.42) $ (0.82)
Weighted average shares used in computation of net loss per share:      
Basic (in shares) 1,694,598 1,659,147 1,612,504
Diluted (in shares) 1,694,598 1,659,147 1,612,504
v3.25.4
Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss) - USD ($)
$ in Thousands
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2025
Dec. 31, 2024
Dec. 31, 2023
Statement of Comprehensive Income [Abstract]      
Net loss $ (460,489) $ (697,856) $ (1,322,485)
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax      
Unrealized gain (loss) on marketable securities, net of tax 4,745 4,590 8,269
Foreign currency translation 19,253 (9,027) 12,836
Total other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax 23,998 (4,437) 21,105
Total comprehensive loss $ (436,491) $ (702,293) $ (1,301,380)
v3.25.4
Consolidated Balance Sheets - USD ($)
$ in Thousands
Dec. 31, 2025
Dec. 31, 2024
Current assets    
Cash and cash equivalents $ 1,030,435 $ 1,046,534
Marketable securities 1,910,137 2,329,745
Accounts receivable, net of allowance 1,372,237 1,348,472
Prepaid expenses and other current assets 272,065 182,006
Total current assets 4,584,874 4,906,757
Property and equipment, net 578,075 489,088
Operating lease right-of-use assets 506,216 530,441
Intangible assets, net 66,613 86,363
Goodwill 1,720,769 1,689,785
Other assets 221,255 233,914
Total assets 7,677,802 7,936,348
Current liabilities    
Accounts payable 219,793 173,197
Operating lease liabilities 48,479 24,885
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities 971,627 1,009,254
Short-term debt, net 46,969 36,212
Total current liabilities 1,286,868 1,243,548
Long-term debt, net 3,489,860 3,607,717
Operating lease liabilities, noncurrent 557,823 575,082
Other liabilities 61,756 59,240
Total liabilities 5,396,307 5,485,587
Commitments and contingencies (Note 8)
Equity, Attributable to Parent [Abstract]    
Treasury stock, at cost. 44,670 and 47,222 shares of Class A non-voting common stock as of December 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively. (435,722) (460,620)
Additional paid-in capital 16,637,324 15,644,132
Accumulated deficit (13,946,816) (12,735,461)
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) 26,692 2,694
Total stockholders’ equity 2,281,495 2,450,761
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity 7,677,802 7,936,348
Class A Non-voting Common Stock    
Equity, Attributable to Parent [Abstract]    
Common stock, value 15 14
Class B Voting Common Stock    
Equity, Attributable to Parent [Abstract]    
Common stock, value 0 0
Class C Voting Common Stock    
Equity, Attributable to Parent [Abstract]    
Common stock, value $ 2 $ 2
v3.25.4
Consolidated Balance Sheets (Parenthetical) - $ / shares
Dec. 31, 2025
Dec. 31, 2024
Dec. 31, 2023
Common stock, outstanding (in shares) 1,756,223,000 1,737,867,000 1,694,696,000
Class A Non-voting Common Stock      
Common stock, par value (in usd per share) $ 0.00001 $ 0.00001  
Common stock, authorized (in shares) 3,000,000,000 3,000,000,000  
Common stock, issued (in shares) 1,502,073,263 1,483,718,000  
Common stock, outstanding (in shares) 1,457,403,389 1,436,495,000  
Treasury stock, common (in shares) 44,670,000 47,222,000  
Class B Voting Common Stock      
Common stock, par value (in usd per share) $ 0.00001 $ 0.00001  
Common stock, authorized (in shares) 700,000,000 700,000,000  
Common stock, issued (in shares) 22,523,290 22,523,000  
Common stock, outstanding (in shares) 22,523,290 22,523,000  
Class C Voting Common Stock      
Common stock, par value (in usd per share) $ 0.00001 $ 0.00001  
Common stock, authorized (in shares) 260,887,848 260,888,000  
Common stock, issued (in shares) 231,626,943 231,627,000  
Common stock, outstanding (in shares) 231,626,943 231,627,000  
v3.25.4
Consolidated Statements of Stockholders' Equity - USD ($)
$ in Thousands
Total
Treasury stock
Additional paid-in capital
Accumulated deficit
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)
Class A non-voting common stock
Class A non-voting common stock
Common stock
Class A non-voting common stock
Common stock
Class A Non-Voting Common Stock Conversion From Class B Voting Common Stock
Class B voting common stock
Class B voting common stock
Common stock
Class B voting common stock
Common stock
Class A Non-Voting Common Stock Conversion From Class B Voting Common Stock
Class C voting common stock
Class C voting common stock
Common stock
Common stock, beginning of period (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2022     0 0     1,319,930,000     22,529,000     231,627,000
Treasury stock, beginning of period (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2022   51,312,000                      
Equity, Attributable to Parent, Beginning Balance at Dec. 31, 2022   $ (500,514) $ 13,309,828 $ (10,214,657) $ (13,974)   $ 13     $ 0     $ 2
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]                          
Shares issued in connection with exercise of stock options under stock-based compensation plans (in shares)             599,000     565,000      
Issuance of Class A non-voting common stock for vesting of restricted stock units and restricted stock awards, net (in shares)             86,557,000            
Issuance of Class A non-voting common stock for vesting of restricted stock units and restricted stock awards, net             $ 1            
Conversion of common stock to common stock (in shares)               566,000     (566,000)    
Repurchases of Class A non-voting common stock (in shares)             (18,423,000)            
Reissuances of Class A non-voting common stock for vesting of restricted stock units (in shares)   (2,112,000)         2,112,000            
Repurchases of Class A non-voting common stock (in shares)   18,423,000                      
Repurchases of Class A non-voting common stock   $ (189,394)                      
Retirement of Class A non-voting common stock (in shares)   (18,423,000)                      
Retirement of Class A non-voting common stock   $ 189,394   (189,394)                  
Reissuances of Class A non-voting common stock for vesting of restricted stock units   $ 20,611 (20,611)                    
Stock-based compensation expense     1,323,149                    
Shares issued in connection with exercise of stock options under stock-based compensation plans     $ 1,038                    
Net loss $ (1,322,485)     $ (1,322,485)   $ (1,114,039)     $ (18,479)     $ (189,967)  
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax $ 21,105       $ 21,105                
Common stock, end of period (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2023 1,694,696,000   0 0 0   1,391,341,000     22,528,000     231,627,000
Treasury stock, end of period (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2023   49,200,000                      
Total stockholders’ equity at Dec. 31, 2023 $ 2,414,112 $ (479,903) $ 14,613,404 $ (11,726,536) $ 7,131   $ 14     $ 0     $ 2
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]                          
Shares issued in connection with exercise of stock options under stock-based compensation plans (in shares)             884,000     5,000      
Issuance of Class A non-voting common stock for vesting of restricted stock units and restricted stock awards, net (in shares)             70,167,000            
Conversion of common stock to common stock (in shares)               10,000     (10,000)    
Repurchases of Class A non-voting common stock (in shares)             (27,885,000)            
Reissuances of Class A non-voting common stock for vesting of restricted stock units (in shares)   (1,978,000)         1,978,000            
Repurchases of Class A non-voting common stock (in shares)   27,885,000                      
Repurchases of Class A non-voting common stock   $ (311,069)                      
Retirement of Class A non-voting common stock (in shares)   (27,885,000)                      
Retirement of Class A non-voting common stock   $ 311,069   (311,069)                  
Reissuances of Class A non-voting common stock for vesting of restricted stock units   $ 19,283 (19,283)                    
Stock-based compensation expense     1,041,023                    
Shares issued in connection with exercise of stock options under stock-based compensation plans     12,798                    
Purchase of capped calls     (68,850)                    
Termination of capped calls     62,683                    
Other     $ 2,357                    
Net loss (697,856)     $ (697,856)   $ (590,956)     $ (9,475)     $ (97,425)  
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax $ (4,437)       $ (4,437)                
Common stock, end of period (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2024 1,737,867,000   0 0 0 1,436,495,000 1,436,495,000   22,523,000 22,523,000   231,627,000 231,627,000
Treasury stock, end of period (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2024   47,222,000       47,222,000              
Total stockholders’ equity at Dec. 31, 2024 $ 2,450,761 $ (460,620) $ 15,644,132 $ (12,735,461) $ 2,694   $ 14     $ 0     $ 2
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]                          
Shares issued in connection with exercise of stock options under stock-based compensation plans (in shares)             58,000            
Issuance of Class A non-voting common stock for vesting of restricted stock units and restricted stock awards, net (in shares)             104,991,000            
Issuance of Class A non-voting common stock for vesting of restricted stock units and restricted stock awards, net             $ 1            
Repurchases of Class A non-voting common stock (in shares)             (86,693,000)            
Reissuances of Class A non-voting common stock for vesting of restricted stock units (in shares)   (2,552,000)         2,552,000            
Repurchases of Class A non-voting common stock (in shares)   86,693,000                      
Repurchases of Class A non-voting common stock   $ (750,866)                      
Retirement of Class A non-voting common stock (in shares)   (86,693,000)                      
Retirement of Class A non-voting common stock   $ 750,866   (750,866)                  
Reissuances of Class A non-voting common stock for vesting of restricted stock units   $ 24,898 (24,898)                    
Stock-based compensation expense     1,017,716                    
Shares issued in connection with exercise of stock options under stock-based compensation plans     $ 374                    
Net loss (460,489)     $ (460,489)   $ (391,426)     $ (6,121)     $ (62,942)  
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax $ 23,998       $ 23,998                
Common stock, end of period (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2025 1,756,223,000   0 0 0 1,457,403,389 1,457,403,000   22,523,290 22,523,000   231,626,943 231,627,000
Treasury stock, end of period (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2025   44,670,000       44,670,000              
Total stockholders’ equity at Dec. 31, 2025 $ 2,281,495 $ (435,722) $ 16,637,324 $ (13,946,816) $ 26,692   $ 15     $ 0     $ 2
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]                          
Common stock, shares issued, not disclosed true                        
v3.25.4
Description of Business and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2025
Accounting Policies [Abstract]  
Description of Business and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies Description of Business and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
Snap Inc. is a technology company.
Snap Inc. (“we,” “our,” or “us”), a Delaware corporation, is headquartered in Santa Monica, California. Our flagship product, Snapchat, is a visual messaging application that was created to help people communicate through short videos and images called “Snaps.”
Basis of Presentation
Our consolidated financial statements are prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”). Our consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Snap Inc. and our wholly owned subsidiaries. All intercompany transactions and balances have been eliminated in consolidation. Our fiscal year ends on December 31. Certain reclassifications have been made in the prior periods to conform to the current year’s presentation. None of these reclassifications had a material impact on our consolidated financial statements.
Use of Estimates
The preparation of our consolidated financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and judgments that affect the reported amounts in the consolidated financial statements. Management’s estimates and judgments are based on historical information available as of the date of the consolidated financial statements and various other assumptions that we believe are reasonable under the circumstances. Actual results could differ from those estimates.
Key estimates and judgments relate primarily to determining the recoverability of long-lived assets, evaluation of contingencies, uncertain tax positions, and the fair value of strategic investments. On an ongoing basis, management evaluates our estimates compared to historical experience and trends, which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying value of assets and liabilities.
Concentrations of Business Risk
We currently use both Google Cloud and Amazon Web Services for our hosting requirements. A disruption or loss of service from one or both of these partners could seriously harm our ability to operate. Although we believe there are other qualified providers that can provide these services, a transition to a new provider could create a significant disruption to our business and negatively impact our consolidated financial statements.
Concentrations of Credit Risk
Financial instruments that potentially subject us to significant concentrations of credit risk consist principally of cash, cash equivalents, marketable securities, and accounts receivable. We maintain cash deposits, cash equivalent balances, and marketable securities with several financial institutions. Cash and cash equivalents may be withdrawn or redeemed on demand. We believe that the financial institutions that hold our cash and cash equivalents are financially sound and, accordingly, minimal credit risk exists with respect to these balances. We also maintain investments in U.S. government debt securities, publicly traded equity securities, corporate debt securities, and money market funds that carry high credit ratings and accordingly, minimal credit risk exists with respect to these balances.
We extend credit to our customers based on an evaluation of their ability to pay amounts due under contractual arrangement and generally do not obtain or require collateral.
Revenue Recognition
Revenue is recognized when control of the promised goods or services is transferred to our customers, in an amount that reflects the consideration we expect to receive in exchange for those goods or services. See Note 2 for additional information.
As a practical expedient, we do not disclose the value of unsatisfied performance obligations for contracts with an original expected duration of one year or less or contracts for which we recognize revenues at the amount to which we have the right to invoice for services provided.
Cost of Revenue
Cost of revenue includes payments for infrastructure, content and developer partner costs, and advertiser partner and other costs. Infrastructure costs primarily consist of payments to third-party infrastructure partners for hosting our products, which include expenses related to storage, computing, and bandwidth. Content and developer partner costs primarily consist of fees paid to our content creators and publisher partners who share content on our platform through revenue sharing arrangements. Under these arrangements, we pay a portion of the fees we receive from advertisers for Snap Ads that are displayed within partner content on Snapchat. Advertising partner and other costs primarily consist of payments to third-party partners for fulfillment services, transaction processing fees, and other expenses directly related to providing our services.
Cost of revenue includes personnel-related costs, including salaries, benefits, and stock-based compensation expense for our employees engaged in the delivery of our services. Cost of revenue also includes facilities and other supporting overhead costs, including depreciation and amortization, and inventory costs.
Advertising
Advertising costs are expensed as incurred and recorded within sales and marketing expenses in our consolidated statements of operations. For the years ended December 31, 2025, 2024, and 2023, advertising costs were $23.6 million, $57.7 million, and $24.9 million, respectively.
Capital Structure
We have three classes of authorized common stock – Class A common stock, Class B common stock, and Class C common stock. Class A common stockholders have no voting rights, Class B common stockholders are entitled to one vote per share, and Class C common stockholders are entitled to ten votes per share. Shares of our Class B common stock are convertible into an equivalent number of shares of our Class A common stock and generally convert into shares of our Class A common stock upon transfer. Shares of our Class C common stock are convertible into an equivalent number of shares of our Class B common stock and generally convert into shares of our Class B common stock upon transfer.
Future Stock Split to be Effected in the Form of a Stock Dividend
In July 2022, our board of directors determined that it was advisable and in our best interest to approve a stock split to be effected in the form of a special dividend of one share of Class A common stock on each outstanding share of our common stock at a future date (the “Future Stock Split”). In connection with the Future Stock Split, we entered into certain agreements (the “Co-Founder Agreements”) with Evan Spiegel and Robert Murphy, our co-founders, and certain of their respective affiliates requiring them, among other things, to convert shares of Class B common stock and Class C common stock into Class A common stock under certain circumstances. In May 2024, the conditions for the declaration of such dividends were modified and the Co-Founder Agreements were amended to reflect such modifications. As modified, the Future Stock Split will not be declared and paid until the first business day following the date on which (i) the average of the volume weighted average price (the “VWAP”) per share of Class A common stock equals or exceeds $40 per share for 90 consecutive trading days (the “90-Day VWAP”) and (ii) the ratio of the 90-Day VWAP to $8.70 equals or exceeds the ratio of the average closing price of the S&P 500 Total Return index for the same 90 trading days for which the 90-Day VWAP was calculated to 8,862.85. If this does not occur by July 21, 2032, the Future Stock Split will not be declared and paid, and the Co-Founder Agreements will terminate.
No adjustments have been made to share or per share amounts for Class A common stock in the accompanying consolidated financial statements for the effects of the Future Stock Split as these triggering conditions have not been met.
Stock-based Compensation
We measure and recognize compensation expense for stock-based payment awards, including stock options, restricted stock units (“RSUs”), and restricted stock awards (“RSAs”) granted to employees, directors, and advisors, based on the grant date fair value of the awards. The grant date fair value of stock options is estimated using a Black-Scholes
option pricing model. The fair value of stock-based compensation for stock options is recognized on a straight-line basis, net of estimated forfeitures, over the period during which services are provided in exchange for the award. The grant date fair value of RSUs and RSAs is estimated based on the fair value of our underlying common stock.
RSUs and RSAs vest on the satisfaction of a service-based condition. The service condition for RSUs and RSAs is generally satisfied in equal monthly or quarterly installments over three or four years. For these awards, we recognize stock-based compensation expense on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period.
Stock-based compensation expense recognized for all periods presented is based on awards that are expected to vest, including an estimate of forfeitures. We estimate the forfeiture rate using historical forfeitures of equity awards and other expected changes in facts and circumstances, if any. A modification of the terms of a stock-based award is treated as an exchange of the original award for a new award with total compensation cost equal to the grant-date fair value of the original award plus the incremental value of the modification to the award.
The total recognized tax benefit related to stock-based compensation expense for all periods presented was immaterial as we have established valuation allowances to reduce our net deferred tax assets to the amount that is more likely than not to be realized. The majority of the future tax benefits that arise on settlement of RSUs, RSAs and stock options are in jurisdictions for which our net deferred tax assets have a full valuation allowance.
Income Taxes
We are subject to income taxes in the United States and numerous foreign jurisdictions. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are determined based on differences between the financial reporting and tax basis of assets and liabilities and are measured using the enacted tax rates and laws that will be in effect when the deferred tax asset or liability is expected to be realized or settled.
In evaluating our ability to recover deferred tax assets, we consider all available positive and negative evidence, including historical operating results, ongoing tax planning, and forecasts of future taxable income on a jurisdiction-by-jurisdiction basis. Based on the level of historical losses, we have established a valuation allowance to reduce our net deferred tax assets to the amount that is more likely than not to be realized.
We recognize a tax benefit from an uncertain tax position only if it is more likely than not that the tax position will be sustained on examination by the taxing authorities, based on the technical merits of the position. The tax benefits recognized in our consolidated financial statements from such positions are measured based on the largest benefit that has a greater than 50% likelihood of being realized. We recognize interest and penalties associated with tax matters as part of the income tax provision and include accrued interest and penalties with the related income tax liability on our consolidated balance sheets.
Currency Translation and Remeasurement
The functional currency of the majority of our foreign subsidiaries is the U.S. dollar. Monetary assets and liabilities denominated in a foreign currency are remeasured into U.S. dollars at the exchange rate on the balance sheet date. Revenue and expenses are remeasured at the average exchange rates during the period. Equity transactions and other non-monetary assets are remeasured using historical exchange rates. Foreign currency transaction gains and losses are recorded in other income (expense), net on our consolidated statement of operations. For those foreign subsidiaries where the local currency is the functional currency, adjustments to translate those statements into U.S. dollars are recorded in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) in stockholders’ equity.
Cash and Cash Equivalents
Cash and cash equivalents consist of highly liquid investments with maturities of 90 days or less from the date of purchase.
Restricted Cash
Restricted cash primarily includes cash and cash equivalents that are legally restricted as to withdrawal or use in our operations. Restricted cash balances are included in other assets on our consolidated balance sheets.
Marketable Securities
We hold investments in marketable securities consisting of U.S. government securities, corporate debt securities, and publicly traded equity securities. We classify marketable investments in debt securities as available-for-sale investments in our current assets because they represent investments available for current operations.
Our available-for-sale investments in debt securities are carried at fair value with any unrealized gains and losses included in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) in stockholders’ equity. Available-for-sale debt securities with an amortized cost basis in excess of estimated fair value are assessed to determine what amount of that difference, if any, is caused by expected credit losses, with any allowance for credit losses recognized as a charge in other income (expense), net on our consolidated statements of income. We did not record any credit losses on our available-for-sale debt securities in any of the periods presented. We determine gains or losses on the sale or maturities of marketable securities using the specific identification method and these gains or losses are recorded in other income (expense), net in our consolidated statements of operations.
Publicly traded equity securities are carried at fair value with any unrealized gains and losses recorded in other income (expense), net in our consolidated statements of operations.
Strategic Investments
We hold strategic investments primarily in privately held companies, consisting primarily of equity securities without readily determinable fair values, and to a lesser extent, debt securities. We adjust the carrying value of these equity securities to fair value upon observable transactions for identical or similar investments of the same issuer or upon impairment. The fair value derived from an observable transaction is based on information available at that time and may not be indicative of the fair value at the balance sheet date. All strategic investments are reviewed periodically for impairment. Any adjustments to carrying value of these investments are recorded in other income (expense), net in our consolidated statements of operations. Strategic investments are included within other assets in our consolidated balance sheets.
When we exercise significant influence over, but do not control the investee, such strategic investments are accounted for using the equity method. Under the equity method of accounting, we record our share of the results of the investments within other income (expense), net in our consolidated statements of operations.
Fair Value Measurements
Certain financial instruments are required to be recorded at fair value. Other financial instruments, including cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash, are recorded at cost, which approximates fair value. Additionally, accounts receivable, accounts payable, and accrued expenses approximate fair value because of the short-term nature of these financial instruments.
Accounts Receivable and Allowance for Doubtful Accounts
Accounts receivable are recorded at the invoiced amount less any allowance for doubtful accounts to reserve for potentially uncollectible receivables. To determine the amount of the allowance, we make judgments about the creditworthiness of customers based on ongoing credit evaluation and historical experience. As of December 31, 2025 and 2024, the allowance for doubtful accounts was immaterial.
Property and Equipment
Property and equipment are stated at cost, less accumulated depreciation. We compute depreciation using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the assets, which is generally three years for computer hardware, software, and equipment, five years for furniture, and over the shorter of lease term or useful life of the assets for leasehold improvements. Buildings are generally depreciated over a useful life ranging from 20 to 45 years. Maintenance and repairs are expensed as incurred.
Leases
We have non-cancelable lease agreements, primarily for offices, that are recorded as operating lease right-of-use assets and operating lease liabilities in our consolidated balance sheets. We account for lease and non-lease components as
a single lease component and do not record leases with an initial term of twelve months or less in our consolidated balance sheets. We use our incremental borrowing rate based on the information available at the lease commencement date to determine the present value of lease payments over the lease term. Our lease terms may include options to extend or terminate the lease when it is reasonably certain we will exercise that option. Certain agreements have free rent periods or escalating rent payment provisions. Rent expense is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term.
Software Development Costs
Software development costs include costs to develop software to be used to meet internal needs and applications used to deliver our services. We capitalize development costs related to these software applications once the preliminary project stage is complete and it is probable that the project will be completed and the software will be used to perform the function intended. Costs capitalized for developing such software applications were not material for the periods presented. Software development costs that do not meet the criteria for capitalization and other research and development costs are expensed as incurred.
Segments
Our Chief Executive Officer (“CEO”) is our chief operating decision maker (“CODM). Our CEO evaluates performance and makes operating decisions about allocating resources based on financial data presented on a consolidated basis, accompanied by information about revenue disaggregated by geographic region. Because our CODM evaluates financial performance on a consolidated basis, we have determined that we have a single reportable segment composed of the consolidated financial results of Snap Inc.
Business Combinations
We include the results of operations of the businesses that we acquire from the date of acquisition. We determine the fair value of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed based on their estimated fair values as of the respective date of acquisition. The excess purchase price over the fair values of identifiable assets and liabilities is recorded as goodwill. Determining the fair value of assets acquired and liabilities assumed requires management to use significant judgment and estimates including the selection of valuation methodologies, estimates of future revenue and cash flows, discount rates, and selection of comparable companies. Our estimates of fair value are based on assumptions believed to be reasonable, but which are inherently uncertain and unpredictable and, as a result, actual results may differ from estimates. During the measurement period, not to exceed one year from the date of acquisition, we may record adjustments to the assets acquired and liabilities assumed, with a corresponding offset to goodwill. At the conclusion of the measurement period, any subsequent adjustments are reflected in our consolidated statements of operations.
When we issue payments or grants of equity to selling stockholders in connection with an acquisition, we evaluate whether the payments or awards are compensatory. This evaluation includes whether cash payments or stock award vesting is contingent on the continued employment of the selling stockholder beyond the acquisition date. If continued employment is required for the cash to be paid or stock awards to vest, the award is treated as compensation for post-acquisition services and is recognized as compensation expense.
Transaction costs associated with business combinations are expensed as incurred, and are included in general and administrative expenses in our consolidated statements of operations.
Goodwill
Goodwill represents the excess of the purchase price over the fair value of net assets acquired in a business combination. We test goodwill for impairment at least annually, in the fourth quarter, or whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that goodwill might be impaired. For all periods presented, we had a single operating segment and reporting unit structure. There were no impairment charges in any of the periods presented.
Intangible Assets
Intangible assets are carried at cost and amortized on a straight-line basis over their estimated useful lives. We determine the appropriate useful life of our intangible assets by measuring the expected cash flows of acquired assets.
Impairment of Long-Lived Assets
We evaluate recoverability of our property and equipment, operating lease right-of-use assets, and intangible assets, excluding goodwill, when events or changes indicate the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable. Events and changes in circumstances considered in determining whether the carrying value of long-lived assets may not be recoverable include significant changes in performance relative to expected operating results, significant changes in asset use, and significant negative industry or economic trends and changes in our business strategy. Recoverability of these assets is measured by comparison of their carrying amount to future undiscounted cash flows to be generated. If impairment is indicated based on a comparison of the assets’ carrying values and the undiscounted cash flows, the impairment loss is measured as the amount by which the carrying amount of the assets exceeds the fair value of the assets.
Legal Contingencies
For legal contingencies, we accrue a liability for an estimated loss if the potential loss from any claim or legal proceeding is considered probable, and the amount can be reasonably estimated. Legal fees and expenses are expensed as incurred. Note 8 provides additional information regarding our legal contingencies.
Recent Accounting Pronouncements
Recently Adopted Accounting Standards
In September 2025, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2025-07, Derivatives and Hedging (Topic 815) and Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606): Derivatives Scope Refinements and Scope Clarification for Share-Based Noncash Consideration from a Customer in a Revenue Contract. The accounting standard excludes from the scope of Topic 815, Derivatives and Hedging, certain contracts that are not traded on an exchange that include underlyings based on the operations or activities of one of the parties to the contract. The guidance also clarifies that an entity receiving share-based noncash consideration from a customer for the transfer of goods or services in a revenue contract is required to apply the noncash consideration guidance in Topic 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers, unless and until the entity’s right to receive or retain the share-based noncash consideration is unconditional under Topic 606. We early adopted ASU 2025-07 on a prospective basis. The impact of adoption of this standard on our consolidated financial statements, including accounting policies, processes, and systems, was not material.
In November 2024, the FASB issued ASU 2024-04, Debt—Debt with Conversion and Other Options (Subtopic 470-20): Induced Conversions of Convertible Debt Instruments, which clarifies the requirements for determining whether certain settlements of convertible debt instruments should be accounted for as an induced conversion. We early adopted ASU 2024-04 on a prospective basis. The impact of adoption of this standard on our consolidated financial statements, including accounting policies, processes, and systems, was not material.
In December 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-09, Income Taxes (Topic 740): Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures, which requires public entities to provide greater disaggregation within their annual rate reconciliation, including new requirements to present reconciling items on a gross basis in specified categories, disclose both percentages and dollar amounts, and disaggregate individual reconciling items by jurisdiction and nature when the effect of the items meet a quantitative threshold. The guidance also requires disaggregating the annual disclosure of income taxes paid, net of refunds received, by federal (national), state, and foreign taxes, with separate presentation of individual jurisdictions that meet a quantitative threshold. Effective January 1, 2025, we adopted ASU 2023-09 on a prospective basis. The impact of adoption of this standard to our accounting policies, processes, and systems was not material. Refer to Note 12 of these consolidated financial statements.
Accounting Standards Not Yet Adopted
In December 2025, the FASB issued ASU 2025-10, Government Grants (Topic 832): Accounting for Government Grants by Business Entities. The accounting standard establishes authoritative guidance on the recognition, measurement and presentation of government grants received by business entities. The guidance is effective for annual reporting periods
beginning after December 15, 2028. Early adoption is permitted as of the beginning of an annual reporting period. The guidance is applied on a modified prospective, a modified retrospective, or a retrospective transition approach. We are currently evaluating the impact of adoption of this standard on our consolidated financial statements and disclosures.
In September 2025, the FASB issued ASU 2025-06, Intangibles—Goodwill and Other—Internal-Use Software (Subtopic 350-40): Targeted Improvements to the Accounting for Internal-Use Software, which clarifies and modernizes the accounting for costs related to internal-use software. The guidance is effective for annual reporting periods, and interim reporting periods within those annual reporting periods, beginning after December 15, 2027. Early adoption is permitted as of the beginning of an annual reporting period. The guidance is applied on a prospective transition approach, a modified transition approach, or a retrospective transition approach. We are currently evaluating the impact of adoption of this standard on our consolidated financial statements and disclosures.
In November 2024, the FASB issued ASU 2024-03, Income Statement—Reporting Comprehensive Income—Expense Disaggregation Disclosures (Subtopic 220-40): Disaggregation of Income Statement Expenses, which requires public entities to provide a disclosure within the financial statement footnotes showing the disaggregation of certain expenses included in relevant expense captions on the consolidated income statement, with a qualitative description of the amounts that are not separately disaggregated quantitatively. The guidance also requires disclosure of the total amount of selling expenses and, in annual reporting periods, an entity’s definition of selling expenses. The guidance is effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2026 and interim reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2027. The guidance is applied on a prospective basis, with a retrospective option, and early adoption is permitted. We are currently evaluating the impact of adoption of this standard on our consolidated financial statements and disclosures.
v3.25.4
Revenue
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2025
Revenue from Contract with Customer [Abstract]  
Revenue Revenue
We determine revenue recognition by first identifying the contract or contracts with a customer, identifying the performance obligations in the contract, determining the transaction price, allocating the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract, and recognizing revenue when, or as, we satisfy a performance obligation.
Revenue is recognized when control of the promised goods or services is transferred to our customers, in an amount that reflects the consideration we expect to receive in exchange for those goods or services. We determine collectability by performing ongoing credit evaluations and monitoring customer accounts receivable balances. Sales tax, including value added tax, is excluded from reported revenue.
In arrangements where another party is involved in providing specified services to a customer, we evaluate whether we are the principal or agent. In this evaluation, we consider if we obtain control of the specified goods or services before they are transferred to the customer, as well as other indicators such as the party primarily responsible for fulfillment, inventory risk, and discretion in establishing price.
Advertising Revenue
We generate the substantial majority of our revenue through the sale of our advertising products on Snapchat, which include Snap Ads and AR Ads, referred to as advertising revenue. AR Ads include Sponsored Lenses, which allow users to interact with an advertiser’s brand by enabling branded augmented reality experiences.
Advertising revenue is primarily generated from the display of advertisements on Snapchat through contractual agreements that are either based on the number of advertising impressions delivered or on a fixed fee basis over a period of time. Revenue related to agreements based on the number of impressions delivered is recognized when the advertisement is served. Revenue related to fixed fee arrangements is recognized ratably over the service period, typically less than 30 days in duration, and such arrangements do not contain minimum impression guarantees.
For advertising revenue arrangements where we are not the principal, we recognize revenue on a net basis. For the periods presented, revenue for arrangements where we are the agent was not material.
Other Revenue
Other revenue primarily consists of revenue from subscriptions, which include Snapchat+, Lens+, and Snapchat Platinum. These services provide subscribers access to exclusive, experimental, and pre-release features, as well as an ad-free experience for Snapchat Platinum subscribers. We also generate subscription revenue from Memories Storage Plans,
which provide subscribers with the ability to purchase cloud storage. Subscription revenue is initially deferred and then recognized ratably over the term of the subscription, which is generally one year or less. We report subscription revenue gross of transaction processing fees, which are recognized within cost of revenue on our consolidated statements of operations.
Other revenue also includes amounts earned from partnerships, including an agreement with our AI platform partner. These agreements are structured as fixed-fee arrangements with contract terms that may exceed one year, with revenue generally recognized ratably over the service period.
We also generate revenue from subscriptions and sales of physical products. Sales of physical products are reported net of allowances for returns. For the periods presented, all such revenue was not material.
The following table represents our revenue disaggregated by source:
Year Ended December 31,
202520242023
(in thousands)
Advertising revenue$5,186,077 $4,903,703 $4,408,306 
Other revenue745,370 457,695 197,809 
Total revenue$5,931,447 $5,361,398 $4,606,115 
The following table represents our revenue disaggregated by geography based on the billing address of the customer:
Year Ended December 31,
202520242023
(in thousands)
North America (1) (2)
$3,473,174 $3,236,217 $2,952,301 
Europe (3)
1,092,092 957,075 772,078 
Rest of World1,366,181 1,168,106 881,736 
Total revenue$5,931,447 $5,361,398 $4,606,115 
(1)North America includes Mexico, the Caribbean, and Central America.
(2)United States revenue was $3.4 billion, $3.1 billion, and $2.9 billion for the years ended December 31, 2025, 2024, and 2023, respectively.
(3)Europe includes Turkey. Europe also includes Russia and Belarus; however, we maintain a policy prohibiting sales to entities in these countries.
As of December 31, 2025, the aggregate amount of unsatisfied performance obligations in contracts with an original duration through the first quarter of 2027 was $387.9 million, which is attributable to an agreement with our AI platform partner.
v3.25.4
Net Loss per Share
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2025
Earnings Per Share [Abstract]  
Net Loss per Share Net Loss per Share
We compute net loss per share using the two-class method required for multiple classes of common stock. We have three classes of authorized common stock for which voting rights differ by class.
Basic net loss per share is computed by dividing net loss attributable to each class of stockholders by the weighted-average number of shares of stock outstanding during the period, adjusted for RSAs for which the risk of forfeiture has not yet lapsed.
For the calculation of diluted net loss per share, net loss per share attributable to common stockholders for basic net loss per share is adjusted by the effect of dilutive securities, including awards under our equity compensation plans. Diluted net loss per share attributable to common stockholders is computed by dividing the resulting net loss attributable to
common stockholders by the weighted-average number of fully diluted common shares outstanding. We use the if-converted method for calculating any potential dilutive effect of the convertible senior notes due in 2025, 2026, 2027, 2028, and 2030 (collectively, the “Convertible Notes”) on diluted net loss per share. The Convertible Notes would have a dilutive impact on net income per share when the average market price of Class A common stock for a given period exceeds the respective conversion price of the Convertible Notes. For the periods presented, our potentially dilutive shares relating to stock options, RSUs, RSAs, and the Convertible Notes were not included in the computation of diluted net loss per share as the effect of including these shares in the calculation would have been anti-dilutive.
The numerators and denominators of the basic and diluted net loss per share computations for our common stock are calculated as follows for the years ended December 31, 2025, 2024, and 2023:
Year Ended December 31,
202520242023
(in thousands, except per share data)
Class AClass BClass CClass AClass BClass CClass AClass BClass C
Numerator:
Net loss$(391,426)$(6,121)$(62,942)$(590,956)$(9,475)$(97,425)$(1,114,039)$(18,479)$(189,967)
Net loss attributable to common stockholders$(391,426)$(6,121)$(62,942)$(590,956)$(9,475)$(97,425)$(1,114,039)$(18,479)$(189,967)
Denominator:         
Basic shares:         
Weighted-average common shares - Basic1,440,44822,523231,6271,404,99422,526231,6271,358,34522,532231,627
Diluted shares:         
Weighted-average common shares - Diluted1,440,44822,523231,6271,404,99422,526231,6271,358,34522,532231,627
Net loss per share attributable to common stockholders:         
Basic$(0.27)$(0.27)$(0.27)$(0.42)$(0.42)$(0.42)$(0.82)$(0.82)$(0.82)
Diluted$(0.27)$(0.27)$(0.27)$(0.42)$(0.42)$(0.42)$(0.82)$(0.82)$(0.82)
The following potentially dilutive shares were excluded from the calculation of diluted net loss per share because their effect would have been anti-dilutive:
As of December 31,
202520242023
(in thousands)
Stock options5196801,697
Unvested RSUs and RSAs167,374134,253157,130
Convertible Notes (if-converted)46,19385,94589,379
v3.25.4
Stockholders' Equity
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2025
Share-Based Payment Arrangement [Abstract]  
Stockholders' Equity Stockholders’ Equity
Common Stock
As of December 31, 2025, we are authorized to issue 3,000,000,000 shares of Class A non-voting common stock, 700,000,000 shares of Class B voting common stock, and 260,887,848 shares of Class C voting common stock, each with a par value of $0.00001 per share. Class A common stockholders have no voting rights, Class B common stockholders are entitled to one vote per share, and Class C common stockholders are entitled to ten votes per share. Shares of our Class B common stock are convertible into an equivalent number of shares of our Class A common stock and generally convert into shares of our Class A common stock upon transfer. Shares of our Class C common stock are convertible into an equivalent number of shares of our Class B common stock and generally convert into shares of our Class B common stock upon transfer. Any dividends paid to the holders of the Class A common stock, Class B common stock, and Class C common stock will be paid on a pro rata basis. For the year ended December 31, 2025, we did not declare any dividends. On a liquidation event, as defined in our certificate of incorporation, any distribution to common stockholders is made on a pro rata basis to the holders of the Class A common stock, Class B common stock, and Class C common stock.
As of December 31, 2025, there were 1,502,073,263 shares issued and 1,457,403,389 shares outstanding of Class A common stock, and 22,523,290 shares and 231,626,943 shares issued and outstanding of Class B common stock and Class C common stock, respectively.
Stock-based Compensation Plans
We maintain one active stock-based employee compensation plan, the 2017 Equity Incentive Plan (the “2017 Plan”). In January 2017, our board of directors adopted the 2017 Plan, and in February 2017, our stockholders approved the 2017 Plan, effective on March 1, 2017. The 2017 Plan provides for the grant of incentive stock options to employees, including employees of any parent or subsidiary, and for the grant of nonstatutory stock options, stock appreciation rights, RSAs, RSUs, performance stock awards, performance cash awards, and other forms of stock awards to employees, directors, and consultants, including employees and consultants of our affiliates. The maximum term for stock options granted under the 2017 Plan may not exceed ten years from the date of grant. The 2017 Plan will terminate ten years from the date our board of directors approved the plan, unless it is terminated earlier by our board of directors.
The number of shares reserved for issuance under the 2017 Plan will increase automatically on January 1st of each calendar year, beginning on January 1, 2018 through January 1, 2027, by the lesser of (i) 5.0% of the total number of shares of our capital stock outstanding on December 31st of the immediately preceding calendar year, and (ii) a number determined by our board of directors. As of December 31, 2025, there were 96,392,672 shares of our Class A common stock reserved for future issuance under the 2017 Plan.
2017 Employee Stock Purchase Plan
In January 2017, our board of directors adopted the 2017 Employee Stock Purchase Plan (the “2017 ESPP”). Our stockholders approved the 2017 ESPP in February 2017. The 2017 ESPP became effective in connection with the IPO. A total of 16,484,690 shares of Class A common stock were initially reserved for issuance under the 2017 ESPP. No shares of our Class A common stock have been issued or offered under the 2017 ESPP. The number of shares of our Class A common stock reserved for issuance will automatically increase on January 1st of each calendar year, beginning on January 1, 2018 through January 1, 2027, by the lesser of (i) 1.0% of the total number of shares of our common stock outstanding on the last day of the calendar month before the date of the automatic increase, and (ii) 15,000,000 shares; provided that before the date of any such increase, our board of directors may determine that such increase will be less than the amount set forth in clauses (i) and (ii). As of December 31, 2025, there were 16,484,690 shares of our Class A common stock reserved for future issuance under the 2017 ESPP.
Restricted Stock Units and Restricted Stock Awards
The following table summarizes the RSU and RSA activity for the year ended December 31, 2025:
Number of
Class A Shares
Weighted-
Average
Grant Date
Fair Value
(in thousands, except per share data)
Unvested as of December 31, 2024134,253$11.90 
Granted175,226$8.51 
Vested(107,610)$10.89 
Forfeited(34,495)$10.79 
Unvested as of December 31, 2025167,374$9.23 
The weighted-average grant date fair value of RSUs and RSAs granted for the years ended December 31, 2025, 2024 and 2023 was $8.51, $12.92, and $10.41, respectively. The total fair value of RSUs and RSAs vested for the years ended December 31, 2025, 2024, and 2023 was $0.9 billion, $0.9 billion, and $1.0 billion, respectively.
Total unrecognized compensation cost related to outstanding RSUs and RSAs was $1.4 billion as of December 31, 2025 and is expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of 2.1 years.
Stock Options
The following table summarizes the stock option award activity under the 2017 Plan for the year ended December 31, 2025:
Number of
Class A Shares
Weighted-
Average
Exercise
Price
Weighted-
Average
Remaining
Contractual
Term
(in years)
Aggregate Intrinsic Value (1)
(in thousands, except per share and year data)
Outstanding as of December 31, 2024680$16.01 4.51$253 
Granted$— $— 
Exercised(58)$6.43 $— 
Forfeited(103)$12.56 $— 
Outstanding as of December 31, 2025519$17.77 3.74$— 
Exercisable as of December 31, 2025519$17.77 3.74$— 
Vested and expected to vest as of December 31, 2025519$17.77 3.74$— 
(1)The aggregate intrinsic value is calculated as the difference between the exercise price of the underlying stock option awards and the closing market price of our Class A common stock as of December 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024.
There were no stock options granted for the years ended December 31, 2025, 2024 and 2023, and no stock-based compensation expense from stock options for the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024. Stock-based compensation expense from stock options for the year ended December 31, 2023 was not material.
As of December 31, 2025, there was no unrecognized compensation cost related to stock options granted under the 2017 Stock Plan.
There were no stock options that vested for the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024. The total grant date fair value of stock options that vested for the year ended December 31, 2023 was $1.1 million. The intrinsic value of stock options exercised for the years ended December 31, 2025, 2024, and 2023 was $0.1 million, $1.4 million, and $12.3 million, respectively.
Stock-Based Compensation Expense
Total stock-based compensation expense by function was as follows:
Year Ended December 31,
202520242023
(in thousands)
Cost of revenue$7,426 $6,034 $9,555 
Research and development680,602 683,830 893,026 
Sales and marketing198,013 216,672 255,688 
General and administrative130,784 134,487 165,735 
Total$1,016,825 $1,041,023 $1,324,004 
Stock Repurchases
In November 2025, our board of directors authorized a stock repurchase program of up to $500.0 million of our Class A common stock. Under this program, we repurchased and retired 29.4 million shares of our Class A common stock for $250.3 million, including costs associated with the repurchases. As of December 31, 2025, the remaining availability under the stock repurchase authorization was $250.0 million. This program was completed in January 2026.
In October 2024, our board of directors authorized a stock repurchase program of up to $500.0 million of our Class A common stock. The program was completed in the second quarter of 2025. During the program, we repurchased and subsequently retired 57.3 million shares of our Class A common stock for an aggregate of $500.6 million, representing the entire amount approved by our board of directors and the costs associated with the repurchases.
In October 2023, our board of directors authorized a stock repurchase program of up to $500.0 million of our Class A common stock. The program was completed in the second quarter of 2024. During the program, we repurchased and subsequently retired 46.3 million shares of our Class A common stock for an aggregate of $500.5 million, representing the entire amount approved by our board of directors and the costs associated with the repurchases.
v3.25.4
Business Acquisitions
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2025
Business Combination, Asset Acquisition, Transaction between Entities under Common Control, and Joint Venture Formation [Abstract]  
Business Acquisitions Business Acquisitions
2025 Acquisitions
In 2025, the aggregate purchase consideration for business acquisitions was $41.7 million, which primarily consisted of cash. Of the aggregate purchase consideration, $24.5 million was allocated to goodwill and the remainder primarily to identifiable intangible assets. The acquired assets are expected to enhance our existing platform, technology, and workforce. The goodwill amount represents synergies related to our existing platform expected to be realized from the business acquisitions and assembled workforce. The associated goodwill and intangible assets are deductible for tax purposes.
2023 Acquisitions
In 2023, the aggregate purchase consideration for business acquisitions was $73.1 million, which primarily consisted of $56.3 million in cash and $12.6 million recorded in other liabilities in our consolidated balance sheet. Of the aggregate purchase consideration, $42.8 million was allocated to goodwill and the remainder primarily to identifiable intangible assets. The acquired assets are expected to enhance our existing platform, technology, and workforce. The goodwill amount represents synergies related to our existing platform expected to be realized from the business acquisitions and assembled workforce. The associated goodwill and intangible assets are not deductible for tax purposes.
Additional Information on 2025 and 2023 Acquisitions
The operating results of the above acquisitions were included in the results of our operations from the acquisition date and were not material to our consolidated revenue or consolidated operating loss. In addition, unaudited pro forma results of operations assuming the above acquisitions had taken place at the beginning of each period are not provided because the historical operating results of the acquired entities were not material and pro forma results would not be materially different from reported results for the periods presented.
v3.25.4
Goodwill and Intangible Assets
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2025
Goodwill and Intangible Assets Disclosure [Abstract]  
Goodwill and Intangible Assets Goodwill and Intangible Assets
The changes in the carrying amount of goodwill for the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024 were as follows:
Goodwill
(in thousands)
Balance as of December 31, 2023$1,691,827 
Foreign currency translation(2,042)
Balance as of December 31, 2024$1,689,785 
Goodwill acquired24,549 
Foreign currency translation6,435 
Balance as of December 31, 2025$1,720,769 
Intangible assets consisted of the following:
As of December 31, 2025
Weighted-
Average
Remaining
Useful Life (Years)
Gross
Carrying
Amount
Accumulated
Amortization
Net
(in thousands, except years)
Technology2.6$328,234 $(274,464)$53,770 
Patents8.930,172 (17,485)12,687 
Other3.3835 (679)156 
Total intangible assets
$359,241 $(292,628)$66,613 
As of December 31, 2024
Weighted-
Average
Remaining
Useful Life (Years)
Gross
Carrying
Amount
Accumulated
Amortization
Net
(in thousands, except years)
Technology2.3$308,333 $(238,189)$70,144 
Patents8.839,373 (23,286)16,087 
Other2.06,745 (6,613)132 
Total intangible assets
$354,451 $(268,088)$86,363 
Amortization of intangible assets for the years ended December 31, 2025, 2024, and 2023 was $45.5 million, $60.0 million, and $81.1 million, respectively. We revised the useful lives of certain customer relationships, trademarks, domain names, and technology for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, which resulted in a $3.2 million and $19.9 million increase to amortization expense for the respective years.
As of December 31, 2025, the estimated intangible asset amortization expense for the next five years and thereafter is as follows:
Estimated
Amortization
(in thousands)
Year ending December 31,
2026$26,775 
202718,599 
20288,092 
20294,789 
20302,937 
Thereafter5,421 
Total$66,613 
v3.25.4
Debt
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2025
Debt Disclosure [Abstract]  
Debt Debt
Senior Notes
2034 Notes
In August 2025, we entered into a purchase agreement with certain counterparties for the sale of $550.0 million principal amount of senior notes due in 2034 (the “2034 Notes”) in a private offering to qualified institutional buyers pursuant to Rule 144A under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”). The 2034 Notes were issued pursuant to an indenture dated August 12, 2025. The proceeds from the issuance of the 2034 Notes, net of $8.9 million in
debt issuance costs, were $541.1 million and primarily used for the August 2025 repurchase transactions, as discussed below. In connection with the August 2025 repurchase transactions, $1.4 million of the debt issuance costs were expensed in the third quarter of 2025, with the remainder to be amortized to interest expense using the effective interest rate method.
The 2034 Notes are unsecured and unsubordinated obligations. Interest is payable in cash semi-annually in arrears beginning on March 15, 2026 at a rate of 6.875% per year. The effective interest rate of the 2034 Notes is 6.86%. The 2034 Notes mature on March 15, 2034 unless repurchased or redeemed in accordance with their terms prior to such date.
We may redeem for cash all or any portion of the 2034 Notes, at our option, at any time prior to September 15, 2028 at a redemption price equal to 100% of the principal amount of the 2034 Notes to be redeemed plus any accrued and unpaid interest and a “make-whole” premium as provided in the indenture. Furthermore, until September 15, 2028, we may redeem up to 40% of the original aggregate principal amount of the 2034 Notes with the net cash proceeds of certain equity offerings at a redemption price of 106.875% of the principal amount of the 2034 Notes to be redeemed plus accrued and unpaid interest. In addition, we may redeem all or any portion of the 2034 Notes at any time on or after September 15, 2028 at the redemption prices set forth in the indenture, plus any accrued and unpaid interest.
The 2034 Notes include customary terms and covenants, including certain events of default, after which the 2034 Notes may be due and payable immediately. In addition, if we experience certain change of control events, as described in the indenture, we will be required to make an offer to repurchase some or all of the 2034 Notes at a price equal to 101% of the principal amount of the 2034 Notes to be repurchased plus accrued and unpaid interest.
2033 Notes
In February 2025, we entered into a purchase agreement with certain counterparties for the sale of $1.50 billion principal amount of senior notes due in 2033 (the “2033 Notes” and collectively with the 2034 Notes, the “Senior Notes”) in a private offering to qualified institutional buyers pursuant to Rule 144A under the Securities Act, and outside the United States to non-U.S. persons pursuant to Regulation S under the Securities Act. The 2033 Notes were issued pursuant to an indenture dated February 14, 2025. The proceeds from the issuance of the 2033 Notes, net of $26.9 million in debt issuance costs, were $1.47 billion and primarily used for the February 2025 repurchase transactions, as discussed below. In connection with the February 2025 repurchase transactions, $6.5 million of the debt issuance costs were expensed in the first quarter of 2025, with the remainder to be amortized to interest expense using the effective interest rate method.
The 2033 Notes are unsecured and unsubordinated obligations. Interest is payable in cash semi-annually in arrears beginning on September 1, 2025 at a rate of 6.875% per year. The effective interest rate of the 2033 Notes is 5.81%. The 2033 Notes mature on March 1, 2033 unless repurchased or redeemed in accordance with their terms prior to such date.
We may redeem for cash all or any portion of the 2033 Notes, at our option, at any time prior to March 1, 2028 at a redemption price equal to 100% of the principal amount of the 2033 Notes to be redeemed plus any accrued and unpaid interest and a “make-whole” premium as provided in the indenture. Furthermore, until March 1, 2028, we may redeem up to 40% of the original aggregate principal amount of the 2033 Notes with the net cash proceeds of certain equity offerings at a redemption price of 106.875% of the principal amount of the 2033 Notes to be redeemed plus accrued and unpaid interest. In addition, we may redeem all or any portion of the 2033 Notes at any time on or after March 1, 2028 at the redemption prices set forth in the indenture, plus any accrued and unpaid interest.
The 2033 Notes include customary terms and covenants, including certain events of default, after which the 2033 Notes may be due and payable immediately. In addition, if we experience certain change of control events, as described in the indenture, we will be required to make an offer to repurchase some or all of the 2033 Notes at a price equal to 101% of the principal amount of the 2033 Notes to be repurchased plus accrued and unpaid interest.
Convertible Notes
2030 Notes
In May 2024, we entered into a purchase agreement for the sale of an aggregate of $750.0 million principal amount of convertible senior notes due in 2030 (the “2030 Notes”) in a private offering to qualified institutional buyers pursuant to Rule 144A under the Securities Act. The net proceeds from the issuance of the 2030 Notes were $671.5 million, net of debt issuance costs and cash used to purchase the capped call transactions (the “2030 Capped Call Transactions”) discussed below. The 2030 Notes are unsecured and unsubordinated obligations.
2028 Notes
In February 2022, we entered into a purchase agreement for the sale of an aggregate of $1.50 billion principal amount of convertible senior notes due in 2028 (the “2028 Notes”) in a private offering to qualified institutional buyers pursuant to Rule 144A under the Securities Act. The net proceeds from the issuance of the 2028 Notes were $1.31 billion, net of debt issuance costs and cash used to purchase the capped call transactions (the “2028 Capped Call Transactions”) discussed below. The 2028 Notes are unsecured and unsubordinated obligations.
2027 Notes
In April 2021, we entered into a purchase agreement for the sale of an aggregate of $1.15 billion principal amount of convertible senior notes due in 2027 (the “2027 Notes”) in a private offering to qualified institutional buyers pursuant to Rule 144A under the Securities Act. The net proceeds from the issuance of the 2027 Notes were $1.05 billion, net of debt issuance costs and cash used to purchase the capped call transactions (the “2027 Capped Call Transactions”) discussed below. The 2027 Notes are unsecured and unsubordinated obligations.
2026 Notes
In August 2019, we entered into a purchase agreement for the sale of an aggregate of $1.265 billion principal amount of convertible senior notes due in 2026 (the “2026 Notes”) in a private offering to qualified institutional buyers pursuant to Rule 144A under the Securities Act. The net proceeds from the issuance of the 2026 Notes were $1.15 billion, net of debt issuance costs and cash used to purchase the capped call transactions (the “2026 Capped Call Transactions”) discussed below. The 2026 Notes are unsecured and unsubordinated obligations.
2025 Notes
In April 2020, we entered into a purchase agreement for the sale of an aggregate of $1.0 billion principal amount of convertible senior notes due in 2025 (the “2025 Notes”) in a private offering to qualified institutional buyers pursuant to Rule 144A under the Securities Act. The net proceeds from the issuance of the 2025 Notes were $888.6 million, net of debt issuance costs and cash used to purchase the capped call transactions (the “2025 Capped Call Transactions”) discussed below. The 2025 Notes are unsecured and unsubordinated obligations. The outstanding balance of the 2025 Notes was repaid on the maturity date of May 1, 2025.
Additional terms related to the Convertible Notes are as follows:
Maturity Date
Redemption Date (1)
Optional
Conversion Date (2)
Initial Conversion Rate (3)
Stated
Interest Rate (4)
Effective Interest Rate
2025 Notes (5)
May 1, 2025May 6, 2023February 1, 202546.12330.25 %0.48 %
2026 NotesAugust 1, 2026August 6, 2023May 1, 202643.84810.75 %0.91 %
2027 NotesMay 1, 2027May 5, 2024February 1, 202711.2042— %0.19 %
2028 NotesMarch 1, 2028March 5, 2025December 1, 202717.74940.125 %0.32 %
2030 NotesMay 1, 2030May 5, 2027February 1, 203045.08460.50 %1.21 %
(1)We may redeem for cash all or any portion of the Convertibles Notes, at our option, on or after the redemption dates based on certain circumstances as described in the respective indentures governing the Convertible Notes.
(2)Holders of the Convertible Notes may convert all or a portion of their notes at their option prior to the optional conversion date, in multiples of $1,000 principal amounts, under certain circumstances as described in the respective indentures governing the Convertible Notes. On or after the optional conversion date, the Convertible Notes are convertible at any time until the close of business on the business day immediately preceding the respective maturity date.
(3)The Convertible Notes are convertible into cash, shares of our Class A common stock, or a combination of cash and shares of our Class A common stock, at our election, at the initial conversion rates of Class A common stock per $1,000 principal amount of the respective Convertible Note. The initial conversion rates specified above represent an initial conversion price of $21.68, $22.81, $89.25, $56.34, and $22.18 per share of our Class A common stock for the 2025 Notes, 2026 Notes, 2027 Notes, 2028 Notes, and 2030 Notes, respectively. The initial conversion rates are subject to customary adjustments for certain events as described in the respective indentures governing the Convertible Notes. Additionally, holders of the Convertible Notes who convert their notes in
connection with a make-whole fundamental change or a redemption are entitled to an increase in the conversion rates, as described in the indentures governing the Convertible Notes. In the event of a fundamental change, holders of the Convertible Notes may require us to repurchase all or a portion of the Convertible Notes at a price equal to 100% of the principal amount, plus any accrued and unpaid interest, if any.
(4)Interest is payable in cash semi-annually in arrears, except for the 2027 Notes, which do not bear regular interest.
(5)The outstanding balance of the 2025 Notes was repaid on the maturity date of May 1, 2025.
As of December 31, 2025, the if-converted value of the outstanding Convertible Notes did not exceed the principal amount. The sale price for conversion was not satisfied as of December 31, 2025 for the Convertible Notes, and as a result, the Convertible Notes will not be eligible for optional conversion during the first quarter of 2026. No sinking fund is provided for the Convertible Notes, which means that we are not required to redeem or retire them periodically.
2025 Note Repurchases
In February 2025, we entered into various privately negotiated repurchase transactions with certain holders of the 2026 Notes, 2027 Notes, and 2028 Notes, pursuant to which we repurchased $45.3 million in aggregate principal amount of the 2026 Notes, $797.4 million in aggregate principal amount of the 2027 Notes, and $800.0 million in aggregate principal amount of the 2028 Notes. The total cash repurchase price was $1.4 billion, which was $190.1 million below the carrying value of the repurchased notes. The February 2025 repurchase transactions were accounted for as both a debt modification and a partial debt extinguishment, which resulted in a $66.9 million gain on extinguishment in the first quarter of 2025. The portion accounted for as a debt modification resulted in a $128.3 million increase to the carrying value of the 2033 Notes, offset by $5.1 million of debt issuance costs carried over from the repurchased notes.
In August 2025, we entered into various privately negotiated repurchase transactions (collectively with the February 2025 repurchase transactions, the “2025 Note Repurchases”) with certain holders of the 2026 Notes, 2027 Notes, and 2028 Notes, pursuant to which we repurchased $157.4 million in aggregate principal amount of the 2026 Notes, $246.3 million in aggregate principal amount of the 2027 Notes, and $185.8 million in aggregate principal amount of the 2028 Notes. The total cash repurchase price was $549.9 million, which was $37.7 million below the carrying value of the repurchased notes. The August 2025 repurchase transactions were accounted for as both a debt modification and a partial debt extinguishment, which resulted in a $29.8 million gain on extinguishment in the third quarter of 2025. The portion accounted for as a debt modification resulted in a $8.3 million increase to the carrying value of the 2034 Notes, offset by $0.4 million of debt issuance costs carried over from the repurchased notes.
2024 Note Repurchases
In February 2024, we entered into various privately negotiated repurchase transactions with certain holders of the 2025 Notes and 2026 Notes, pursuant to which we repurchased $100.0 million in aggregate principal amount of the 2025 Notes and $351.2 million in aggregate principal amount of the 2026 Notes for a cash repurchase price of $440.7 million. The February 2024 repurchase transactions resulted in an $8.8 million gain on extinguishment in the first quarter of 2024.
In May 2024, we entered into various privately negotiated repurchase transactions (collectively with the February 2024 repurchase transactions, the “2024 Note Repurchases”) with certain holders of the 2025 Notes and 2026 Notes, pursuant to which we repurchased $147.9 million in aggregate principal amount of the 2025 Notes and $237.5 million in aggregate principal amount of the 2026 Notes. The total cash repurchase price was $418.3 million, which was $34.1 million above the carrying value of the notes repurchased. The May 2024 repurchase transactions were accounted for as both a debt modification and a partial debt extinguishment, which resulted in a $15.5 million loss on extinguishment in the second quarter of 2024. The portion accounted for as a debt modification resulted in a $20.9 million decrease to the carrying value of the 2030 Notes, which included debt issuance costs carried over from the repurchased notes.
Gains and losses on extinguishment are included within other income (expense), net on our consolidated statements of operations.
The Senior Notes and the Convertible Notes (collectively, the “Notes”) rank equally with each other and consist of the following:
As of December 31,
20252024
PrincipalUnamortized Debt Issuance CostsUnamortized (Discount) PremiumNet Carrying AmountPrincipalUnamortized Debt Issuance CostsUnamortized (Discount) PremiumNet Carrying Amount
(in thousands)
Convertible Notes:
2025 Notes$— $— $— $— $36,240 $(28)$— $36,212 
2026 Notes47,013 (44)— 46,969 249,754 (624)— 249,130 
2027 Notes106,318 (264)— 106,054 1,150,000 (4,984)— 1,145,016 
2028 Notes514,191 (2,111)— 512,080 1,500,000 (8,982)— 1,491,018 
2030 Notes750,000 (6,197)(16,238)727,565 750,000 (7,582)(19,865)722,553 
Senior Notes:
2033 Notes1,500,000 (23,288)117,043 1,593,755 — — — — 
2034 Notes550,000 (7,597)8,003 550,406 — — — — 
Total Notes$3,467,522 $(39,501)$108,808 $3,536,829 $3,685,994 $(22,200)$(19,865)$3,643,929 
The following table summarizes interest expense related to our Notes:
Year Ended December 31,
202520242023
(in thousands)
Contractual interest expense$111,218 $7,334 $8,874 
Amortization of debt issuance costs14,1216,6376,880
Amortization of debt discount (premium)(7,891)2,269 — 
Total interest expense$117,448 $16,240 $15,754 
Capped Call Transactions
In connection with the pricing of the 2025 Notes, the 2026 Notes, the 2027 Notes, the 2028 Notes, and the 2030 Notes, we entered into the 2025 Capped Call Transactions, the 2026 Capped Call Transactions, the 2027 Capped Call Transactions, the 2028 Capped Call Transactions, and the 2030 Capped Call Transactions (collectively, the “Capped Call Transactions”), respectively, with certain counterparties at a net cost of $100.0 million, $102.1 million, $86.8 million, $177.0 million, and $68.9 million respectively. The cap price of the 2025 Capped Call Transactions, the 2026 Capped Call Transactions, the 2027 Capped Call Transactions, the 2028 Capped Call Transactions, and the 2030 Capped Call Transactions is initially $32.12, $32.58, $121.02, $93.90, and $33.48 per share of our Class A common stock, respectively. All are subject to certain adjustments under the terms of the Capped Call Transactions. Conditions that cause adjustments to the initial strike price of the Capped Call Transactions mirror conditions that result in corresponding adjustments for the Convertible Notes.
The Capped Call Transactions are intended to reduce potential dilution to holders of our Class A common stock beyond the conversion prices up to the cap prices on any conversion of the Convertible Notes or offset any cash payments we are required to make in excess of the principal amount, as the case may be, with such reduction or offset subject to a cap. The cost of the Capped Call Transactions was recorded as a reduction of our additional paid-in capital in our consolidated balance sheets. The Capped Call Transactions will not be remeasured as long as they continue to meet the conditions for equity classification.
In May 2024, we entered into agreements to terminate all of the 2025 Capped Call Transactions, which resulted in $62.7 million recorded within additional paid-in capital in our consolidated balance sheets.
As of December 31, 2025, the remaining Capped Call Transactions were out-of-the-money.
Credit Facility
In May 2022, we entered into a five-year senior unsecured revolving credit facility (the “Credit Facility”) with certain lenders that allows us to borrow up to $1.05 billion to fund working capital and general corporate-purpose expenditures. Loans bear interest, at our option, at a rate equal to (i) a term secured overnight financing rate (“SOFR”) plus 0.85% or the base rate, if selected by us, for loans made in U.S. dollars, (ii) the Sterling overnight index average plus 0.7826% for loans made in Sterling, or (iii) foreign indices as stated in the credit agreement plus 0.75% for loans made in other permitted foreign currencies. The base rate is defined as the greatest of (i) the Wall Street Journal prime rate, (ii) the greater of the (a) federal funds rate and (b) the overnight bank funding rate, plus 0.50%, and (iii) the applicable SOFR for a period of one month (but not less than zero) plus 1.00. The Credit Facility also contains an annual commitment fee of 0.10% on the daily undrawn balance of the facility.
In February 2025, we amended the Credit Facility to extend the term of $800.0 million of the $1.05 billion to February 12, 2030, with the remaining $250.0 million of the Credit Facility maturing on the existing maturity date of May 6, 2027. In addition, the amendment increased the minimum liquidity covenant (defined as unrestricted cash and cash equivalents) from $300.0 million to $800.0 million. As of December 31, 2025, we had $82.2 million in the form of outstanding standby letters of credit, with no amounts outstanding under the Credit Facility.
v3.25.4
Commitments and Contingencies
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2025
Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure [Abstract]  
Commitments and Contingencies Commitments and Contingencies
Commitments
We have non-cancelable contractual agreements primarily related to the hosting of our data processing, storage, and other computing services, as well as lease, content and developer partner, and other commitments. For additional discussion on leases, see Note 9 of these consolidated financial statements.
Our non-cancelable contractual commitments as of December 31, 2025 were as follows:
Non-Cancelable Commitments
(in thousands)
Year ending December 31,
2026$1,609,584 
20271,075,237 
2028104,372 
202999,244 
203098,397 
Thereafter437,020 
Total non-cancelable contractual commitments$3,423,854 
Contingencies
We record a loss contingency when it is probable that a liability has been incurred and the amount of the loss can be reasonably estimated. We also disclose material contingencies when we believe a loss is not probable but reasonably possible. Accounting for contingencies requires us to use judgment related to both the likelihood of a loss and the estimate of the amount or range of loss. Many legal and tax contingencies can take years to be resolved.
Pending Matters
In November 2021, we and certain of our officers were named as defendants in a federal securities class action lawsuit purportedly brought on behalf of purchasers of our Class A common stock, alleging that we and certain of our officers made false or misleading statements and omissions concerning the impact that Apple’s App Tracking Transparency framework would have on our business. In September 2025, we reached a preliminary settlement agreement to resolve this matter for $65.0 million, which we expect to be covered by insurance. This settlement is subject to court approval. If the settlement is not approved, we will continue to litigate the case. Although we believe we have meritorious defenses to this lawsuit, litigation is inherently uncertain, and an unfavorable outcome could seriously harm our business. The impact of this settlement on our consolidated financial statements is not expected to be material.
In August 2025, we and certain of our officers were named as defendants in a federal securities class action lawsuit filed in the U.S. District Court for the Central District of California. The lawsuit was purportedly brought on behalf of purchasers of our Class A common stock. The lawsuit alleges that we and certain of our officers made false or misleading statements concerning an ad platform change that impacted revenue in the first half of 2025. Plaintiffs seek monetary damages and other relief. In December 2025, the plaintiffs voluntarily dismissed the case which may be refiled in the future. Although we believe we have meritorious defenses to the claims, litigation is inherently uncertain, and an unfavorable outcome could seriously harm our business. For this pending matter, it is not possible to reasonably estimate the amount or range of loss.
We are subject to various other legal proceedings and claims in the ordinary course of business, including certain patent, trademark, privacy, regulatory, and employment matters. The outcomes of these legal proceedings are inherently unpredictable, subject to significant uncertainties, and could be material to our financial condition, results of operations, and cash flows for a particular period. Although occasional adverse decisions or settlements may occur, we do not currently believe that the final disposition of any of our other pending matters will seriously harm our business or materially impact our financial condition, results of operations, and cash flows.
Indemnifications
In the ordinary course of business, we may provide indemnifications of varying scope and terms to customers, vendors, lessors, investors, directors, officers, employees, and other parties with respect to certain matters. Indemnification may include losses from our breach of such agreements, services we provide, or third-party intellectual property infringement claims. These indemnifications may survive termination of the underlying agreement and the maximum potential amount of future indemnification payments may not be subject to a cap. We have not incurred material costs to defend lawsuits or settle claims related to these indemnifications as of December 31, 2025. We believe the fair value of these liabilities is immaterial and accordingly have no liabilities recorded for these agreements as of December 31, 2025.
v3.25.4
Leases
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2025
Leases [Abstract]  
Leases Leases
We have non-cancelable lease agreements for certain of our offices with original lease terms expiring between 2026 and 2042. Total operating lease costs were $105.5 million, $101.0 million, and $101.0 million for the years ended December 31, 2025, 2024, and 2023, respectively.
The weighted-average remaining lease term (in years) and discount rate related to our operating leases were as follows:
As of December 31,
20252024
Weighted-average remaining lease term8.69.3
Weighted-average discount rate6.1 %6.1 %
The maturities of our operating lease liabilities as of December 31, 2025 were as follows:
Operating Leases
(in thousands)
Year ending December 31,
2026$85,126 
202795,850 
202893,389 
202989,320 
203088,175 
Thereafter347,711 
Total lease payments799,571 
Less: imputed interest
(193,269)
Present value of lease liabilities$606,302 
As of December 31, 2025, we had additional operating leases that have not yet commenced for facilities with lease obligations of $115.9 million. These operating leases will commence starting in 2026 with lease terms of approximately 12.7 years.
Cash payments included in the measurement of our operating lease liabilities, net of lease incentives received, were $74.0 million, $101.4 million, and $89.8 million for the years ended December 31, 2025, 2024, and 2023, respectively.
Lease liabilities arising from obtaining operating lease right-of-use assets were $30.9 million, $71.0 million, and $220.2 million for the years ended December 31, 2025, 2024, and 2023, respectively.
v3.25.4
Strategic Investments
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2025
Equity Method Investments and Joint Ventures [Abstract]  
Strategic Investments Strategic Investments
We hold strategic investments primarily in privately held companies, which consist of equity securities without readily determinable fair values, and to a lesser extent, debt securities. These strategic investments are primarily recorded at fair value on a non-recurring basis. The estimation of fair value for these privately held strategic investments requires the use of significant unobservable inputs, such as the issuance of new equity by the company, and as a result, we deem these assets as Level 3 financial instruments within the fair value measurement framework.
The following table summarizes our strategic investments as of December 31, 2025 and 2024:
As of December 31,
20252024
(in thousands)
Initial cost$115,761 $106,052 
Cumulative upward adjustments145,932 146,201 
Cumulative downward adjustments, including impairments(77,956)(63,910)
Carrying value$183,737 $188,343 
Gains and losses recognized during the periods presented were as follows:
Year Ended December 31,
202520242023
(in thousands)
Gains (losses) recognized on strategic investments sold during the period, net$2,109 $(60)$— 
Unrealized gains on strategic investments still held at the reporting date586 334 1,368 
Unrealized losses, including impairments, on strategic investments still held at the reporting date(15,304)(7,703)(28,423)
Gains (losses) on strategic investments, net$(12,609)$(7,429)$(27,055)
Gains and losses on all strategic investments are included within other income (expense), net on our consolidated statements of operations and included as an adjustment to reconcile net loss to net cash provided by (used in) operating activities in our consolidated statements of cash flows. Strategic investments are included within other assets on our consolidated balance sheets.
v3.25.4
Fair Value Measurements
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2025
Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract]  
Fair Value Measurements Fair Value Measurements
Assets and liabilities measured at fair value are classified into the following categories:
Level 1: Quoted market prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.
Level 2: Observable market-based inputs or unobservable inputs that are corroborated by market data.
Level 3: Unobservable inputs reflecting the reporting entity’s own assumptions or external inputs from inactive markets.
We classify our cash equivalents and marketable securities within Level 1 or Level 2 because we use quoted market prices or alternative pricing sources and models utilizing observable market-based inputs to determine their fair value.
The following tables set forth our financial assets that are measured at fair value on a recurring basis, excluding publicly traded equity securities, as of December 31, 2025 and 2024:
December 31, 2025
Fair Value HierarchyCost or
Amortized Cost
Gross
Unrealized
Gains
Gross
Unrealized
Losses
Total Estimated
Fair Value
(in thousands)
Cash$399,573 $— $— $399,573 
Cash equivalents:
Money market fundsLevel 1630,862 — — 630,862 
Total cash and cash equivalents1,030,435 — — 1,030,435 
Marketable debt securities:
U.S. government securitiesLevel 11,796,271 6,479 (5)1,802,745 
Corporate debt securitiesLevel 297,701 161 (6)97,856 
Total marketable debt securities1,893,972 6,640 (11)1,900,601 
Total$2,924,407 $6,640 $(11)$2,931,036 
December 31, 2024
Fair Value HierarchyCost or
Amortized Cost
Gross
Unrealized
Gains
Gross
Unrealized
Losses
Total Estimated
Fair Value
(in thousands)
Cash$348,251 $— $— $348,251 
Cash equivalents:
Money market fundsLevel 1694,323 — (30)694,293 
U.S. government securitiesLevel 13,991 — (1)3,990 
Total cash and cash equivalents1,046,565 — (31)1,046,534 
Marketable debt securities:
U.S. government securitiesLevel 12,186,192 4,984 (3,292)2,187,884 
Corporate debt securitiesLevel 2129,217 229 (5)129,441 
Total marketable debt securities2,315,409 5,213 (3,297)2,317,325 
Total$3,361,974 $5,213 $(3,328)$3,363,859 
Gross unrealized losses on marketable debt securities were not material as of December 31, 2025 and 2024. As of December 31, 2025 and 2024, we considered any decreases in fair value on our marketable debt securities to be driven by factors other than credit risk, including market risk. As of December 31, 2025, $0.9 billion of our total $1.9 billion in marketable debt securities have contractual maturities between one and five years. All other marketable debt securities have contractual maturities less than one year.
We hold investments in publicly traded companies with an aggregate carrying value of $9.5 million and $12.4 million as of December 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively, recorded as marketable securities. We classify these publicly traded equity securities within Level 1 because we use quoted market prices to determine their fair value. Gains
and losses recognized during the periods presented, which are included within other income (expense), net on our consolidated statements of operations, were as follows:
Year Ended December 31,
202520242023
(in thousands)
Gains (losses) recognized on publicly traded equity securities sold during the period, net$— $— $11,046 
Unrealized gains (losses) on publicly traded equity securities still held at the reporting date, net(5,636)(1,185)(17,731)
Gains (losses) on publicly traded equity securities, net$(5,636)$(1,185)$(6,685)
We carry the Notes at face value less any unamortized debt issuance costs and discounts, plus unamortized premiums on our consolidated balance sheets and present the fair value for disclosure purposes only. As of December 31, 2025, the fair value of the 2026 Notes, the 2027 Notes, the 2028 Notes, the 2030 Notes, the 2033 Notes and the 2034 Notes was $45.8 million, $99.1 million, $467.9 million, $655.4 million, $1,553.8 million, and $566.2 million respectively. As of December 31, 2024, the fair value of the 2025 Notes, the 2026 Notes, the 2027 Notes, the 2028 Notes and the 2030 Notes was $35.5 million, $242.7 million, $998.5 million, $1,226.6 million, and $635.6 million, respectively. The estimated fair value of the Notes, which are classified as Level 2 financial instruments, was determined based on the estimated or actual bid prices of the Notes in an over-the-counter market on the last business day of the period.
Schedule of Cash, Cash Equivalents, and Restricted Cash
The following table provides a reconciliation of cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash reported in our consolidated balance sheets to the total of the amounts in the consolidated statements of cash flows.
As of December 31,
202520242023
(in thousands)
Cash and cash equivalents$1,030,435 $1,046,534 $1,780,400 
Restricted cash, included in other assets962 3,700 2,062 
Total cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash$1,031,397 $1,050,234 $1,782,462 
v3.25.4
Income Taxes
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2025
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]  
Income Taxes Income Taxes
The domestic and foreign components of pre-tax loss were as follows:
Year Ended December 31,
202520242023
(in thousands)
Domestic (1)
$(238,993)$(280,877)$(285,330)
Foreign (1)
(212,143)(391,349)(1,009,093)
Loss before income taxes$(451,136)$(672,226)$(1,294,423)
(1)Includes the impact of intercompany charges to foreign affiliates for financing, management fees, and research and development cost sharing, inclusive of stock-based compensation.
The components of our income tax (benefit) expense were as follows:
Year Ended December 31,
202520242023
(in thousands)
Current:
Federal$— $5,216 $— 
State4,631 6,811 8,585 
Foreign1,930 13,273 26,727 
Total current income tax expense (benefit)6,561 25,300 35,312 
Deferred:
Federal1,542 1,595 1,267 
State1,061 1,027 1,061 
Foreign189 (2,292)(9,578)
Total deferred income tax expense (benefit)2,792 330 (7,250)
Income tax expense (benefit)$9,353 $25,630 $28,062 
The following is a reconciliation of the U.S. statutory federal income tax rate to our effective tax rate. We adopted ASU 2023-09 prospectively for the fiscal year 2025. Prior period disclosures have not been retrospectively adjusted and may not be comparable to the current period presentation under the new standard.
Year Ended December 31,
2025
AmountPercent
(dollars in thousands)
U.S. federal statutory tax rate$(94,739)21.0 %
Total state and local income taxes (1)
2,506 (0.6)
Foreign tax effects
United Kingdom
Statutory tax rate difference between United Kingdom and United States(1,991)0.4 
Changes in valuation allowances(57,537)12.8 
Other(1,534)0.3 
Singapore
Statutory tax rate difference between Singapore and United States8,588 (1.9)
Changes in valuation allowances37,952 (8.4)
Other2,240 (0.5)
Other foreign jurisdictions2,305 (0.5)
Tax credits
Research and development tax credits(92,642)20.6 
Changes in valuation allowances110,612 (24.5)
Nontaxable or nondeductible items
Stock-based payment awards52,357 (11.6)
Other8,869 (2.0)
Changes in unrecognized tax benefits32,367 (7.2)
Total income tax expense (benefit)$9,353 (2.1)%
(1)State taxes in California contributed to the majority of the tax effect in this category.

The following is a reconciliation of the statutory federal income tax rate to our effective tax rate for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023:
Year Ended December 31,
20242023
Tax benefit (expense) computed at the federal statutory rate21.0 %21.0 %
State tax benefit (expense), net of federal benefit (1)
3.9 2.2 
Change in valuation allowance(31.0)(31.5)
Differences between U.S. and foreign tax rates on foreign income(0.3)3.3 
Stock-based compensation(6.4)(7.0)
U.S. federal research & development credit benefit11.0 8.6 
Acquisitions and divestitures(1.0)1.8 
Other benefits (expenses)(1.0)(0.6)
Total income tax benefit (expense)(3.8)%(2.2)%
(1)    Inclusive of state research and development credits.
As a result of our prospective adoption of ASU 2023-09 as of January 1, 2025, the following table presents income taxes paid, net of refunds, disaggregated by jurisdiction in accordance with the new disclosure requirement for the year ended December 31, 2025:
Year Ended
December 31, 2025
(in thousands)
U.S. federal$1,500 
U.S. states and local2,660 
Foreign
Canada1,395 
France5,437 
Germany6,191 
Israel2,950 
Netherlands1,453 
Other5,130 
Total foreign22,556 
Total income taxes paid$26,716 
The significant components of net deferred tax balances were as follows:
Year Ended December 31,
20252024
(in thousands)
Deferred tax assets:
Accruals and reserves$23,230 $16,413 
Intangible assets199,140 139,612 
IRC 174 capitalized R&D440,540 598,669 
Stock-based compensation23,686 58,171 
Loss carryforwards2,865,653 2,757,814 
Tax credit carryforwards1,169,703 1,060,486 
Operating lease liabilities
134,620 128,072 
Other97,987 67,958 
Total deferred tax assets4,954,559 4,827,195 
Deferred tax liabilities:
Operating lease right-of-use assets
(113,448)(112,907)
Unrealized gains in securities and investments
(13,544)(18,333)
Other(20,784)(18,445)
Total deferred tax liabilities(147,776)(149,685)
Total net deferred tax assets before valuation allowance4,806,783 4,677,510 
Valuation allowance(4,808,739)(4,677,088)
Net deferred taxes$(1,956)$422 
During the year ended December 31, 2025, we completed an intra-group transaction, which resulted in the recognition of U.S. deferred tax assets and the reversal of U.K. deferred tax assets. Both are subject to a full valuation allowance and, accordingly, the transaction did not result in a net income tax benefit or expense or a net impact to the consolidated balance sheet.
Income tax expense was $9.4 million for the year ended December 31, 2025, compared to $25.6 million for the same period in 2024. The decrease of $16.3 million was primarily attributable to a reduction in unrecognized tax benefits due to statute expirations and a reduction in U.S. federal and certain state tax liabilities due to the enactment of the One Big Beautiful Bill Act, which repealed the mandatory capitalization of domestic research and experimental expenditures for tax years beginning after December 31, 2024.
As of December 31, 2025, we had an immaterial amount of unremitted earnings related to certain foreign subsidiaries. We intend to continue to reinvest these foreign earnings indefinitely and do not expect to incur any significant taxes related to such amounts.
As of December 31, 2025, we had accumulated U.S. federal and state net operating loss carryforwards of $6.5 billion and $4.4 billion, respectively. Because they were generated after December 31, 2017, these U.S. federal net operating loss carryforwards can be carried forward indefinitely, but the ability to utilize such net operating loss carryforwards to offset taxable income in a tax year may not exceed 80% of the taxable income in such year. Certain significant state net operating loss carryforwards will begin to expire in 2031. As of December 31, 2025, we had $4.9 billion of U.K. net operating loss carryforwards that can be carried forward indefinitely; however, use of such carryforwards in a given year is generally limited to 50% of such year’s taxable income. As of December 31, 2025, we had accumulated $420.0 million of Singapore net operating loss carryforwards, which can be carried forward indefinitely and are not subject to any taxable income limitation. As of December 31, 2025, we had accumulated U.S. federal and state research tax credits of $1.0 billion and $574.8 million, respectively. The U.S. federal research tax credits will begin to expire in 2035. The U.S. state research tax credits do not expire.
We recognize valuation allowances on deferred tax assets if it is more likely than not that some or all of the deferred tax assets will not be realized. We had valuation allowances against net deferred tax assets of $4.8 billion and $4.7 billion as of December 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively. In 2025, the increase in the valuation allowance was primarily attributable to a net increase in our deferred tax assets resulting from the loss from operations.
Uncertain Tax Positions
The following table summarizes the activity related to our gross unrecognized tax benefits for the years ended December 31, 2025, 2024, and 2023:
Year Ended December 31,
202520242023
(in thousands)
Beginning balance of unrecognized tax benefits$562,808 $513,404 $510,669 
Additions for current year tax positions119,255 49,536 46,188 
Additions for prior year tax positions421 1,163 10,171 
Reductions for prior year tax positions(3,935)(622)(16,736)
Changes due to lapse of statute of limitations(10,855)(99)(31,786)
Reductions for settlements with taxing authorities— — (4,927)
Changes due to foreign currency translation adjustments1,858 (574)(175)
Ending balance of unrecognized tax benefits (excluding interest and penalties)669,552 562,808 513,404 
Interest and penalties associated with unrecognized tax benefits1,791 1,918 967 
Ending balance of unrecognized tax benefits (including interest and penalties)$671,343 $564,726 $514,371 
Substantially all of the unrecognized tax benefit was recorded as a reduction in our gross deferred tax assets, offset by a corresponding reduction in our valuation allowance. In addition, we record separate deferred tax assets related to potential competent authority relief under applicable income tax treaties, which are fully offset by a valuation allowance. We have net unrecognized tax benefits of $27.8 million and $35.8 million included in other liabilities on our consolidated balance sheet as of December 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively, which, if recognized, would result in a tax benefit.
Our policy is to recognize interest and penalties associated with tax matters as part of the income tax provision and include accrued interest and penalties with the related income tax liability on our consolidated balance sheets. For the year ended December 31, 2025, interest expense recorded related to uncertain tax positions was not material.
The income taxes we pay are subject to potential review by taxing jurisdictions globally. Our estimate of the potential outcome of any uncertain tax position is subject to management’s assessment of relevant risks, facts, and circumstances existing at that time. We believe that our estimate has adequately provided for these matters. However, our future results may include adjustments to estimates in the period the audits are resolved, which may impact our effective tax rate.
The material tax jurisdictions in which we are subject to potential examination include the United States for tax years ending on or after December 31, 2012, and the United Kingdom for tax years ending on or after December 31, 2020. We are currently under examination by the U.S. Internal Revenue Service for tax year 2022, U.K. tax authorities for tax years 2020 through 2023, and also in various other jurisdictions covering multiple tax years.
v3.25.4
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2025
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income Loss [Abstract]  
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)
The table below presents the changes in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) (“AOCI”) by component and the reclassifications out of AOCI:
Changes in Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) by Component
Marketable
Securities
Foreign Currency
Translation
Total
(in thousands)
Balance as of December 31, 2024$1,730 $964 $2,694 
Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications3,470 19,253 22,723 
Amounts reclassified from AOCI (1)
1,275 — 1,275 
Net current period other comprehensive income (loss)4,745 19,253 23,998 
Balance as of December 31, 2025$6,475 $20,217 $26,692 
(1)Realized gains and losses on marketable securities are reclassified from AOCI into other income (expense), net in our consolidated statements of operations.
v3.25.4
Property and Equipment, Net
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2025
Property, Plant and Equipment [Abstract]  
Property and Equipment, Net Property and Equipment, Net
Property and equipment, net, consisted of the following:
As of December 31,
20252024
(in thousands)
Computer hardware and software$65,466 $67,796 
Buildings21,486 21,486 
Leasehold improvements560,551 450,826 
Furniture and equipment259,673 214,619 
Construction in progress41,301 63,284 
Total948,477 818,011 
Less: accumulated depreciation(370,402)(328,923)
Property and equipment, net$578,075 $489,088 
Depreciation on property and equipment was $118.1 million, $98.0 million, and $87.3 million for the years ended December 31, 2025, 2024, and 2023, respectively. Noncash property and equipment additions in accounts payable, accrued
expenses and other current liabilities were $32.5 million, $29.3 million, and $44.5 million for the years ended December 31, 2025, 2024, and 2023, respectively
v3.25.4
Balance Sheet Components
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2025
Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements [Abstract]  
Balance Sheet Components Balance Sheet Components
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities as of December 31, 2025 and 2024 consisted of the following:
As of December 31,
20252024
(in thousands)
Accrued infrastructure costs$327,980 $377,022 
Deferred revenue145,210 112,769 
Accrued compensation and related expenses77,812 85,416 
Accrued professional fees71,407 69,618 
Accrued revenue share63,885 84,990 
Accrued operating costs61,315 62,375 
Deferred payments for acquisitions3,789 76,434 
Other220,229 140,630 
Total accrued expenses and other current liabilities$971,627 $1,009,254 
v3.25.4
Employee Benefit Plans
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2025
Retirement Benefits [Abstract]  
Employee Benefit Plans Employee Benefit Plans
We have a defined contribution savings plan for U.S.-based employees under the provisions of the U.S. Internal Revenue Code Section 401(k) (the “401(k) Plan”). The 401(k) Plan is available for all full-time employees who meet certain eligibility requirements. Eligible employees may contribute up to 100% of their eligible compensation, but are limited to the maximum annual dollar amount allowable under the Code. We match 100% of each participant’s contribution up to a maximum of 3% of the participant’s eligible compensation paid during the period, and also match 50% of each participant’s contribution between 3% and 5% of the participant’s eligible compensation paid during the period. For the years ended December 31, 2025, 2024, and 2023, we recognized expense of $29.5 million, $29.6 million, and $34.0 million, respectively, related to matching contributions.
v3.25.4
Related Party Transactions
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2025
Related Party Transactions [Abstract]  
Related Party Transactions Related Party Transactions
In November 2020, we entered into a ground sublease with an entity that is controlled by our CEO that allows us to build and operate a hangar to support our aviation program. This entity subleases the ground to us for $0 and in exchange may utilize a specified percentage of the hangar space. If the entity needs additional space within the hangar, it will pay rent to Snap at a fair market value rate determined at the time this arrangement was entered into. Any space utilized by this entity will be space that is not required for Snap’s aviation program. Subject to certain limited exceptions, neither party may terminate this sublease for at least six years. After this period, Snap or this entity may terminate the lease at any time on 24 months’ prior written notice. Upon termination of the sublease, this entity will purchase the hangar from Snap at its fair market value on the termination date.
The value of these arrangements is not material to our consolidated financial statements for the periods presented or for the term of the agreement.
v3.25.4
Restructuring
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2025
Restructuring and Related Activities [Abstract]  
Restructuring Restructuring
2024 Restructuring
In the first quarter of 2024, we announced a plan to reduce hierarchy and concentrate our team members in major hub locations to support in-person collaboration, resulting in the reduction of our global headcount by approximately 10%. We completed the 2024 restructuring in the second quarter of 2024.
The following table summarizes the 2024 restructuring charges included in our consolidated statement of operations for the year ended December 31, 2024:
Severance and Related Charges (1)
Stock-Based Compensation Expense
Other (2)
Total
(in thousands)
Cost of revenue$932 $189 $— $1,121 
Research and development30,845 4,801 3,201 38,847 
Sales and marketing15,755 4,176 — 19,931 
General and administrative7,786 236 2,236 10,258 
Total$55,318 $9,402 $5,437 $70,157 
(1)Severance and related charges include cash severance expenses and other termination benefits. The majority of cash paid for the restructuring was related to severance and benefits.
(2)Other primarily includes intangible asset amortization and depreciation expense.
AR Enterprise Strategic Review
In the third quarter of 2023, we initiated the wind down of our AR Enterprise business, which included a reduction of our global employee headcount by approximately 3%. We substantially completed the program in the fourth quarter of 2023.
During the year ended December 31, 2023, we recognized pre-tax restructuring charges of $40.8 million, primarily recorded in sales and marketing and general and administrative expenses in our consolidated statement of operations, and an income tax benefit of $5.7 million. The pre-tax restructuring charges primarily include cash severance, stock-based compensation expense, and charges related to the revision of the useful lives and disposal of certain acquired intangible assets.
v3.25.4
Segments and Geographic Information
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2025
Segment Reporting [Abstract]  
Segments and Geographic Information Segments and Geographic Information
Our CEO is our CODM. Our CODM evaluates performance and makes operating decisions about allocating resources based on financial data presented on a consolidated basis, accompanied by information about revenue disaggregated by geographic region. Because our CODM evaluates financial performance on a consolidated basis, we have determined that we have a single operating segment composed of the consolidated financial results of Snap Inc.
The measure used by our CODM to assess performance and make operating decisions is net loss as reported on our consolidated statements of operations. Net loss is used by our CODM to identify underlying trends in the performance of our business and make comparisons with the financial performance of our competitors. Our CODM also reviews total assets, as reported on our consolidated balance sheets, and purchases of property and equipment, as reported on our consolidated statements of cash flows.
Our CODM also utilizes expense information in order to assess our financial performance. Infrastructure costs primarily consist of payments to third-party infrastructure partners for hosting our products, which include expenses related to storage, computing, and bandwidth. Content and developer partner costs primarily consist of fees paid to our content creators and publisher partners who share content on our platform through revenue sharing arrangements. Advertising partner and other costs primarily consist of payments to third-party partners for fulfillment services, transaction processing fees, and other expenses directly related to providing our services. Operating expenses include all remaining costs necessary to operate our business, which primarily include personnel expenses, facilities and related costs, promotional and marketing expenses, external professional services, and other administrative expenses. Operating expenses include charges recognized as research and development, selling and marketing, and general and administrative expenses within our consolidated statements of operations, but exclude stock-based compensation and related payroll and other tax expenses, depreciation and amortization, and restructuring charges, which are independently reviewed by our CODM.
The following table presents the significant segment expenses and other segment items regularly reviewed by our CODM:
Year Ended December 31,
202520242023
(in thousands)
Revenue$5,931,447 $5,361,398 $4,606,115 
Less:
Infrastructure costs1,584,147 1,441,134 1,171,993 
Content and developer partner costs621,442 634,977 621,971 
Advertising partner and other costs450,508 384,804 297,262 
Operating expenses2,585,871 2,391,878 2,353,312 
Stock-based compensation and related payroll and other tax expense1,058,013 1,069,389 1,359,107 
Depreciation and amortization163,633 154,459 159,999 
Other segment items (1)
(71,678)(17,387)(35,044)
Net loss$(460,489)$(697,856)$(1,322,485)
(1)Other segment items primarily include interest income; interest expense; other income (expense), net; and income tax benefit (expense) as reported in our consolidated statements of operations. Other segment items also include restructuring charges of $72.1 million and $40.8 million for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.
The following table represents our long-lived assets, which includes property and equipment, net and operating lease right-of-use assets, by geography:
As of December 31,
20252024
(in thousands)
United States$710,984 $682,173 
United Kingdom245,911 248,243 
Rest of world (1)
127,396 89,113 
Total long-lived assets, net$1,084,291 $1,019,529 
(1)No individual country other than the United States and the United Kingdom exceeded 10% of our total long-lived assets for any period presented.
v3.25.4
Subsequent Events
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2025
Subsequent Events [Abstract]  
Subsequent Events Subsequent EventsIn February 2026, our board of directors authorized a stock repurchase program of up to $500 million of our Class A common stock. Repurchases of Class A common stock may be made from time to time, either through open market transactions (including pre-set trading plans) or through other transactions in accordance with applicable securities laws. Repurchases have been authorized for the next 12 months but the program may be initiated, modified, suspended, or terminated at any time during such period.
v3.25.4
Insider Trading Arrangements
3 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2025
shares
Trading Arrangements, by Individual  
Material Terms of Trading Arrangement
During the quarter ended December 31, 2025, our directors and officers (as defined in Rule 16a-1(f) under the Exchange Act) adopted or terminated the contracts, instructions, or written plans for the purchase or sale of our securities set forth in the table below:
Name and PositionDateAction
Rule 10b5-1*
Expiration DateTotal Shares of Class A Common Stock to be Sold
Robert C. Murphy
Co-Founder, Chief Technology Officer, and Director
11/11/2025
Adoption (2)
X
03/10/2027
(1)
Poppy Thorpe
Director
12/2/2025
Adoption
X
3/2/2027
Up to 60,725
Evan Spiegel
Co-Founder, Chief Executive Officer, and Director
12/10/2025
Adoption (2)
X
12/31/2026
(3)
*    Contract, instruction, or written plan intended to satisfy the affirmative defense conditions of Rule 10b5-1(c) under the Exchange Act.
(1)Trading arrangement provides for the sale of up to 8,000,000 shares of Class A Common Stock by a revocable trust over which Mr. Murphy serves as trustee, plus the gift by such trust of the number of shares necessary to attain a value equal to 30% of such gross sale proceeds, and for the sale of a sufficient amount of shares to generate $3,000,000 in gross sale proceeds by an irrevocable trust over which Mr. Murphy serves as a trustee, but has no financial interest.
(2)Plan adopted in accordance with Rule 10b5-1(c)(1)(ii)(D)(2).
(3)Trading arrangement provides for the sale of a number of shares of Class A Common Stock with a value equal up to $30,000,000 by a revocable trust over which Mr. Spiegel serves as trustee, and for the sale of up to 1,000,000 shares of Class A Common Stock by an irrevocable trust over which Mr. Spiegel serves as a trustee, but has no financial interest.
Non-Rule 10b5-1 Arrangement Adopted false
Rule 10b5-1 Arrangement Terminated false
Non-Rule 10b5-1 Arrangement Terminated false
Robert C. Murphy, [Member]  
Trading Arrangements, by Individual  
Name Robert C. Murphy
Title Co-Founder, Chief Technology Officer, and Director
Rule 10b5-1 Arrangement Adopted true
Adoption Date 11/11/2025
Expiration Date 03/10/2027
Arrangement Duration 500 days
Aggregate Available 8,000,000
Poppy Thorpe [Member]  
Trading Arrangements, by Individual  
Name Poppy Thorpe
Title Director
Rule 10b5-1 Arrangement Adopted true
Adoption Date 12/2/2025
Expiration Date 3/2/2027
Arrangement Duration 400 days
Aggregate Available 60,725
Evan Spiegel [Member]  
Trading Arrangements, by Individual  
Name Evan Spiegel
Title Co-Founder, Chief Executive Officer, and Director
Rule 10b5-1 Arrangement Adopted true
Adoption Date 12/10/2025
Expiration Date 12/31/2026
Aggregate Available 1,000,000
Evan Spiege [Member]  
Trading Arrangements, by Individual  
Arrangement Duration 400 days
v3.25.4
Insider Trading Policies and Procedures
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2025
Insider Trading Policies and Procedures [Line Items]  
Insider Trading Policies and Procedures Adopted true
v3.25.4
Cybersecurity Risk Management and Strategy Disclosure
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2025
Cybersecurity Risk Management, Strategy, and Governance [Line Items]  
Cybersecurity Risk Management Processes for Assessing, Identifying, and Managing Threats [Text Block]
Risk Management and Strategy
Our engineering security team, led by our Chief Information Security Officer, or CISO, uses a multi-pronged approach to assessing, identifying, and managing material risks from cybersecurity threats. This approach includes identifying and assessing risks through: (1) an enterprise risk management program, which is periodically refreshed and includes an identification of our top risks, including cybersecurity risks; (2) formalized security and privacy reviews designed to identify risks from many new features, software, and vendors; (3) a vulnerability management program designed to identify hardware and software vulnerabilities; (4) an internal “red team” program, which simulates cyber threats, intended to allow us to fix vulnerabilities before threat actors identify them; (5) a threat intelligence program designed to model and research our adversaries; and (6) a privacy and security incident response program designed to investigate, respond to, and remediate known incidents. These processes vary in scope and maturity across the business and are processes we work to improve.
Our risk management approach is supplemented by external and internal enterprise risk management assessments and audits, which are designed to test the effectiveness of our controls. We conduct penetration testing or other application security testing on a periodic basis, and have established an external bug bounty program to allow security researchers to help identify vulnerabilities and weaknesses in our controls and configurations in our systems. We also maintain a vendor risk management program designed to identify and mitigate potential risks associated with third-party suppliers and business partners. This program includes pre-engagement diligence, use of contractual cybersecurity and incident notification provisions, and ongoing monitoring of vendors, as appropriate. We also conduct employee training on data protection, including cybersecurity, among other topics.
We use third-party service providers to assist us from time to time to identify, assess, and manage material risks from cybersecurity threats, including for example professional service firms (including legal counsel), threat intelligence services, and cybersecurity consultants. The material cybersecurity threats identified through these processes are managed by our CISO and are escalated to senior management and our risk and compliance committee, in each case where appropriate. Together, they identify responsive actions for inclusion in our annual strategic planning, or earlier resolution depending on the nature of the risk.
For a description of the risks from cybersecurity threats that may materially affect us and how they may do so, see “Risk Factors” in Part I, Item 1A in this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
Cybersecurity Risk Management Processes Integrated [Flag] true
Cybersecurity Risk Management Processes Integrated [Text Block] Our engineering security team, led by our Chief Information Security Officer, or CISO, uses a multi-pronged approach to assessing, identifying, and managing material risks from cybersecurity threats. This approach includes identifying and assessing risks through: (1) an enterprise risk management program, which is periodically refreshed and includes an identification of our top risks, including cybersecurity risks; (2) formalized security and privacy reviews designed to identify risks from many new features, software, and vendors; (3) a vulnerability management program designed to identify hardware and software vulnerabilities; (4) an internal “red team” program, which simulates cyber threats, intended to allow us to fix vulnerabilities before threat actors identify them; (5) a threat intelligence program designed to model and research our adversaries; and (6) a privacy and security incident response program designed to investigate, respond to, and remediate known incidents. These processes vary in scope and maturity across the business and are processes we work to improve.
Cybersecurity Risk Management Third Party Engaged [Flag] true
Cybersecurity Risk Third Party Oversight and Identification Processes [Flag] true
Cybersecurity Risk Materially Affected or Reasonably Likely to Materially Affect Registrant [Flag] false
Cybersecurity Risk Board of Directors Oversight [Text Block]
Governance
Our board of directors maintains oversight of risks from cybersecurity threats by meeting with and receiving periodic updates from our CISO, via our audit committee, which is assigned oversight of cybersecurity risks. In addition, the chair of our audit committee meets with our CISO periodically to discuss cybersecurity threats and incidents, as well as the business’s approach to responding to them. Our incident response plans also provide that our board of directors and audit committee will be notified in the event of certain cybersecurity incidents.
Our CISO, Jeb Boniakowski, has over two decades of experience in the technology sector, including senior roles focused on risk management, application development, and user safety systems. Mr. Boniakowski joined our security engineering team in 2017, which comprises personnel with a broad range of cybersecurity, information technology, and risk management experience. Prior to that, he led engineering teams at several startups in fintech and consumer social media.
Our CISO also regularly meets with our Chief Executive Officer and other senior management, including as part of the cybersecurity incident response process.
Our CISO, and where appropriate our management team and risk and compliance committee, are informed about and monitor the prevention, detection, mitigation, and remediation of identified cybersecurity incidents, through our security incident response process. We maintain internal and external channels and signals to receive reports of cybersecurity or privacy threats or incidents. A reported incident triggers our Security Incident Response Policy or
associated plans, which has defined roles for our cross-functional incident response team to investigate, contain, eradicate, and remediate the incident. The incident response team assesses the severity and priority of reported incidents on a rolling basis, with escalations of cybersecurity incidents provided to our management team by our CISO and General Counsel (or their designees) and escalations of certain cybersecurity incidents as appropriate to our board of directors. If a cybersecurity incident is determined to be a material cybersecurity incident, our Security Incident Response Policy and associated plans define the process to file a report regarding the incident with the SEC.
Cybersecurity Risk Board Committee or Subcommittee Responsible for Oversight [Text Block] Our board of directors maintains oversight of risks from cybersecurity threats by meeting with and receiving periodic updates from our CISO, via our audit committee, which is assigned oversight of cybersecurity risks.
Cybersecurity Risk Process for Informing Board Committee or Subcommittee Responsible for Oversight [Text Block] In addition, the chair of our audit committee meets with our CISO periodically to discuss cybersecurity threats and incidents, as well as the business’s approach to responding to them. Our incident response plans also provide that our board of directors and audit committee will be notified in the event of certain cybersecurity incidents.
Cybersecurity Risk Role of Management [Text Block]
Our board of directors maintains oversight of risks from cybersecurity threats by meeting with and receiving periodic updates from our CISO, via our audit committee, which is assigned oversight of cybersecurity risks. In addition, the chair of our audit committee meets with our CISO periodically to discuss cybersecurity threats and incidents, as well as the business’s approach to responding to them. Our incident response plans also provide that our board of directors and audit committee will be notified in the event of certain cybersecurity incidents.
Our CISO, Jeb Boniakowski, has over two decades of experience in the technology sector, including senior roles focused on risk management, application development, and user safety systems. Mr. Boniakowski joined our security engineering team in 2017, which comprises personnel with a broad range of cybersecurity, information technology, and risk management experience. Prior to that, he led engineering teams at several startups in fintech and consumer social media.
Our CISO also regularly meets with our Chief Executive Officer and other senior management, including as part of the cybersecurity incident response process.
Cybersecurity Risk Management Positions or Committees Responsible [Flag] true
Cybersecurity Risk Management Positions or Committees Responsible [Text Block]
Our board of directors maintains oversight of risks from cybersecurity threats by meeting with and receiving periodic updates from our CISO, via our audit committee, which is assigned oversight of cybersecurity risks. In addition, the chair of our audit committee meets with our CISO periodically to discuss cybersecurity threats and incidents, as well as the business’s approach to responding to them. Our incident response plans also provide that our board of directors and audit committee will be notified in the event of certain cybersecurity incidents.
Our CISO, Jeb Boniakowski, has over two decades of experience in the technology sector, including senior roles focused on risk management, application development, and user safety systems. Mr. Boniakowski joined our security engineering team in 2017, which comprises personnel with a broad range of cybersecurity, information technology, and risk management experience. Prior to that, he led engineering teams at several startups in fintech and consumer social media.
Our CISO also regularly meets with our Chief Executive Officer and other senior management, including as part of the cybersecurity incident response process.
Cybersecurity Risk Management Expertise of Management Responsible [Text Block]
Our CISO, Jeb Boniakowski, has over two decades of experience in the technology sector, including senior roles focused on risk management, application development, and user safety systems. Mr. Boniakowski joined our security engineering team in 2017, which comprises personnel with a broad range of cybersecurity, information technology, and risk management experience. Prior to that, he led engineering teams at several startups in fintech and consumer social media.
Cybersecurity Risk Process for Informing Management or Committees Responsible [Text Block]
Our CISO also regularly meets with our Chief Executive Officer and other senior management, including as part of the cybersecurity incident response process.
Our CISO, and where appropriate our management team and risk and compliance committee, are informed about and monitor the prevention, detection, mitigation, and remediation of identified cybersecurity incidents, through our security incident response process.
Cybersecurity Risk Management Positions or Committees Responsible Report to Board [Flag] true
v3.25.4
Description of Business and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Policies)
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2025
Accounting Policies [Abstract]  
Basis of Presentation
Basis of Presentation
Our consolidated financial statements are prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”). Our consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Snap Inc. and our wholly owned subsidiaries. All intercompany transactions and balances have been eliminated in consolidation. Our fiscal year ends on December 31. Certain reclassifications have been made in the prior periods to conform to the current year’s presentation. None of these reclassifications had a material impact on our consolidated financial statements.
Use of Estimates
Use of Estimates
The preparation of our consolidated financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and judgments that affect the reported amounts in the consolidated financial statements. Management’s estimates and judgments are based on historical information available as of the date of the consolidated financial statements and various other assumptions that we believe are reasonable under the circumstances. Actual results could differ from those estimates.
Key estimates and judgments relate primarily to determining the recoverability of long-lived assets, evaluation of contingencies, uncertain tax positions, and the fair value of strategic investments. On an ongoing basis, management evaluates our estimates compared to historical experience and trends, which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying value of assets and liabilities.
Concentrations of Business Risk
Concentrations of Business Risk
We currently use both Google Cloud and Amazon Web Services for our hosting requirements. A disruption or loss of service from one or both of these partners could seriously harm our ability to operate. Although we believe there are other qualified providers that can provide these services, a transition to a new provider could create a significant disruption to our business and negatively impact our consolidated financial statements.
Concentrations of Credit Risk
Concentrations of Credit Risk
Financial instruments that potentially subject us to significant concentrations of credit risk consist principally of cash, cash equivalents, marketable securities, and accounts receivable. We maintain cash deposits, cash equivalent balances, and marketable securities with several financial institutions. Cash and cash equivalents may be withdrawn or redeemed on demand. We believe that the financial institutions that hold our cash and cash equivalents are financially sound and, accordingly, minimal credit risk exists with respect to these balances. We also maintain investments in U.S. government debt securities, publicly traded equity securities, corporate debt securities, and money market funds that carry high credit ratings and accordingly, minimal credit risk exists with respect to these balances.
We extend credit to our customers based on an evaluation of their ability to pay amounts due under contractual arrangement and generally do not obtain or require collateral.
Revenue Recognition
Revenue Recognition
Revenue is recognized when control of the promised goods or services is transferred to our customers, in an amount that reflects the consideration we expect to receive in exchange for those goods or services. See Note 2 for additional information.
As a practical expedient, we do not disclose the value of unsatisfied performance obligations for contracts with an original expected duration of one year or less or contracts for which we recognize revenues at the amount to which we have the right to invoice for services provided.
Cost of Revenue
Cost of Revenue
Cost of revenue includes payments for infrastructure, content and developer partner costs, and advertiser partner and other costs. Infrastructure costs primarily consist of payments to third-party infrastructure partners for hosting our products, which include expenses related to storage, computing, and bandwidth. Content and developer partner costs primarily consist of fees paid to our content creators and publisher partners who share content on our platform through revenue sharing arrangements. Under these arrangements, we pay a portion of the fees we receive from advertisers for Snap Ads that are displayed within partner content on Snapchat. Advertising partner and other costs primarily consist of payments to third-party partners for fulfillment services, transaction processing fees, and other expenses directly related to providing our services.
Cost of revenue includes personnel-related costs, including salaries, benefits, and stock-based compensation expense for our employees engaged in the delivery of our services. Cost of revenue also includes facilities and other supporting overhead costs, including depreciation and amortization, and inventory costs.
Advertising
Advertising
Advertising costs are expensed as incurred and recorded within sales and marketing expenses in our consolidated statements of operations.
Capital Structure
Capital Structure
We have three classes of authorized common stock – Class A common stock, Class B common stock, and Class C common stock. Class A common stockholders have no voting rights, Class B common stockholders are entitled to one vote per share, and Class C common stockholders are entitled to ten votes per share. Shares of our Class B common stock are convertible into an equivalent number of shares of our Class A common stock and generally convert into shares of our Class A common stock upon transfer. Shares of our Class C common stock are convertible into an equivalent number of shares of our Class B common stock and generally convert into shares of our Class B common stock upon transfer.
Future Stock Split to be Effected in the Form of a Stock Dividend
Future Stock Split to be Effected in the Form of a Stock Dividend
In July 2022, our board of directors determined that it was advisable and in our best interest to approve a stock split to be effected in the form of a special dividend of one share of Class A common stock on each outstanding share of our common stock at a future date (the “Future Stock Split”). In connection with the Future Stock Split, we entered into certain agreements (the “Co-Founder Agreements”) with Evan Spiegel and Robert Murphy, our co-founders, and certain of their respective affiliates requiring them, among other things, to convert shares of Class B common stock and Class C common stock into Class A common stock under certain circumstances. In May 2024, the conditions for the declaration of such dividends were modified and the Co-Founder Agreements were amended to reflect such modifications. As modified, the Future Stock Split will not be declared and paid until the first business day following the date on which (i) the average of the volume weighted average price (the “VWAP”) per share of Class A common stock equals or exceeds $40 per share for 90 consecutive trading days (the “90-Day VWAP”) and (ii) the ratio of the 90-Day VWAP to $8.70 equals or exceeds the ratio of the average closing price of the S&P 500 Total Return index for the same 90 trading days for which the 90-Day VWAP was calculated to 8,862.85. If this does not occur by July 21, 2032, the Future Stock Split will not be declared and paid, and the Co-Founder Agreements will terminate.
No adjustments have been made to share or per share amounts for Class A common stock in the accompanying consolidated financial statements for the effects of the Future Stock Split as these triggering conditions have not been met.
Stock-based Compensation
Stock-based Compensation
We measure and recognize compensation expense for stock-based payment awards, including stock options, restricted stock units (“RSUs”), and restricted stock awards (“RSAs”) granted to employees, directors, and advisors, based on the grant date fair value of the awards. The grant date fair value of stock options is estimated using a Black-Scholes
option pricing model. The fair value of stock-based compensation for stock options is recognized on a straight-line basis, net of estimated forfeitures, over the period during which services are provided in exchange for the award. The grant date fair value of RSUs and RSAs is estimated based on the fair value of our underlying common stock.
RSUs and RSAs vest on the satisfaction of a service-based condition. The service condition for RSUs and RSAs is generally satisfied in equal monthly or quarterly installments over three or four years. For these awards, we recognize stock-based compensation expense on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period.
Stock-based compensation expense recognized for all periods presented is based on awards that are expected to vest, including an estimate of forfeitures. We estimate the forfeiture rate using historical forfeitures of equity awards and other expected changes in facts and circumstances, if any. A modification of the terms of a stock-based award is treated as an exchange of the original award for a new award with total compensation cost equal to the grant-date fair value of the original award plus the incremental value of the modification to the award.
The total recognized tax benefit related to stock-based compensation expense for all periods presented was immaterial as we have established valuation allowances to reduce our net deferred tax assets to the amount that is more likely than not to be realized. The majority of the future tax benefits that arise on settlement of RSUs, RSAs and stock options are in jurisdictions for which our net deferred tax assets have a full valuation allowance.
Income Taxes
Income Taxes
We are subject to income taxes in the United States and numerous foreign jurisdictions. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are determined based on differences between the financial reporting and tax basis of assets and liabilities and are measured using the enacted tax rates and laws that will be in effect when the deferred tax asset or liability is expected to be realized or settled.
In evaluating our ability to recover deferred tax assets, we consider all available positive and negative evidence, including historical operating results, ongoing tax planning, and forecasts of future taxable income on a jurisdiction-by-jurisdiction basis. Based on the level of historical losses, we have established a valuation allowance to reduce our net deferred tax assets to the amount that is more likely than not to be realized.
We recognize a tax benefit from an uncertain tax position only if it is more likely than not that the tax position will be sustained on examination by the taxing authorities, based on the technical merits of the position. The tax benefits recognized in our consolidated financial statements from such positions are measured based on the largest benefit that has a greater than 50% likelihood of being realized. We recognize interest and penalties associated with tax matters as part of the income tax provision and include accrued interest and penalties with the related income tax liability on our consolidated balance sheets.
Currency Translation and Remeasurement
Currency Translation and Remeasurement
The functional currency of the majority of our foreign subsidiaries is the U.S. dollar. Monetary assets and liabilities denominated in a foreign currency are remeasured into U.S. dollars at the exchange rate on the balance sheet date. Revenue and expenses are remeasured at the average exchange rates during the period. Equity transactions and other non-monetary assets are remeasured using historical exchange rates. Foreign currency transaction gains and losses are recorded in other income (expense), net on our consolidated statement of operations. For those foreign subsidiaries where the local currency is the functional currency, adjustments to translate those statements into U.S. dollars are recorded in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) in stockholders’ equity.
Cash and Cash Equivalents
Cash and Cash Equivalents
Cash and cash equivalents consist of highly liquid investments with maturities of 90 days or less from the date of purchase.
Restricted Cash
Restricted Cash
Restricted cash primarily includes cash and cash equivalents that are legally restricted as to withdrawal or use in our operations. Restricted cash balances are included in other assets on our consolidated balance sheets.
Marketable Securities
Marketable Securities
We hold investments in marketable securities consisting of U.S. government securities, corporate debt securities, and publicly traded equity securities. We classify marketable investments in debt securities as available-for-sale investments in our current assets because they represent investments available for current operations.
Our available-for-sale investments in debt securities are carried at fair value with any unrealized gains and losses included in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) in stockholders’ equity. Available-for-sale debt securities with an amortized cost basis in excess of estimated fair value are assessed to determine what amount of that difference, if any, is caused by expected credit losses, with any allowance for credit losses recognized as a charge in other income (expense), net on our consolidated statements of income. We did not record any credit losses on our available-for-sale debt securities in any of the periods presented. We determine gains or losses on the sale or maturities of marketable securities using the specific identification method and these gains or losses are recorded in other income (expense), net in our consolidated statements of operations.
Publicly traded equity securities are carried at fair value with any unrealized gains and losses recorded in other income (expense), net in our consolidated statements of operations.
Strategic Investments
Strategic Investments
We hold strategic investments primarily in privately held companies, consisting primarily of equity securities without readily determinable fair values, and to a lesser extent, debt securities. We adjust the carrying value of these equity securities to fair value upon observable transactions for identical or similar investments of the same issuer or upon impairment. The fair value derived from an observable transaction is based on information available at that time and may not be indicative of the fair value at the balance sheet date. All strategic investments are reviewed periodically for impairment. Any adjustments to carrying value of these investments are recorded in other income (expense), net in our consolidated statements of operations. Strategic investments are included within other assets in our consolidated balance sheets.
When we exercise significant influence over, but do not control the investee, such strategic investments are accounted for using the equity method. Under the equity method of accounting, we record our share of the results of the investments within other income (expense), net in our consolidated statements of operations.
Fair Value Measurements
Fair Value Measurements
Certain financial instruments are required to be recorded at fair value. Other financial instruments, including cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash, are recorded at cost, which approximates fair value. Additionally, accounts receivable, accounts payable, and accrued expenses approximate fair value because of the short-term nature of these financial instruments.
Accounts Receivable and Allowance for Doubtful Accounts
Accounts Receivable and Allowance for Doubtful Accounts
Accounts receivable are recorded at the invoiced amount less any allowance for doubtful accounts to reserve for potentially uncollectible receivables. To determine the amount of the allowance, we make judgments about the creditworthiness of customers based on ongoing credit evaluation and historical experience. As of December 31, 2025 and 2024, the allowance for doubtful accounts was immaterial.
Property and Equipment
Property and Equipment
Property and equipment are stated at cost, less accumulated depreciation. We compute depreciation using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the assets, which is generally three years for computer hardware, software, and equipment, five years for furniture, and over the shorter of lease term or useful life of the assets for leasehold improvements. Buildings are generally depreciated over a useful life ranging from 20 to 45 years. Maintenance and repairs are expensed as incurred.
Leases
Leases
We have non-cancelable lease agreements, primarily for offices, that are recorded as operating lease right-of-use assets and operating lease liabilities in our consolidated balance sheets. We account for lease and non-lease components as
a single lease component and do not record leases with an initial term of twelve months or less in our consolidated balance sheets. We use our incremental borrowing rate based on the information available at the lease commencement date to determine the present value of lease payments over the lease term. Our lease terms may include options to extend or terminate the lease when it is reasonably certain we will exercise that option. Certain agreements have free rent periods or escalating rent payment provisions. Rent expense is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term.
Software Development Costs
Software Development Costs
Software development costs include costs to develop software to be used to meet internal needs and applications used to deliver our services. We capitalize development costs related to these software applications once the preliminary project stage is complete and it is probable that the project will be completed and the software will be used to perform the function intended. Costs capitalized for developing such software applications were not material for the periods presented. Software development costs that do not meet the criteria for capitalization and other research and development costs are expensed as incurred.
Segments
Segments
Our Chief Executive Officer (“CEO”) is our chief operating decision maker (“CODM). Our CEO evaluates performance and makes operating decisions about allocating resources based on financial data presented on a consolidated basis, accompanied by information about revenue disaggregated by geographic region. Because our CODM evaluates financial performance on a consolidated basis, we have determined that we have a single reportable segment composed of the consolidated financial results of Snap Inc.
Business Combinations
Business Combinations
We include the results of operations of the businesses that we acquire from the date of acquisition. We determine the fair value of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed based on their estimated fair values as of the respective date of acquisition. The excess purchase price over the fair values of identifiable assets and liabilities is recorded as goodwill. Determining the fair value of assets acquired and liabilities assumed requires management to use significant judgment and estimates including the selection of valuation methodologies, estimates of future revenue and cash flows, discount rates, and selection of comparable companies. Our estimates of fair value are based on assumptions believed to be reasonable, but which are inherently uncertain and unpredictable and, as a result, actual results may differ from estimates. During the measurement period, not to exceed one year from the date of acquisition, we may record adjustments to the assets acquired and liabilities assumed, with a corresponding offset to goodwill. At the conclusion of the measurement period, any subsequent adjustments are reflected in our consolidated statements of operations.
When we issue payments or grants of equity to selling stockholders in connection with an acquisition, we evaluate whether the payments or awards are compensatory. This evaluation includes whether cash payments or stock award vesting is contingent on the continued employment of the selling stockholder beyond the acquisition date. If continued employment is required for the cash to be paid or stock awards to vest, the award is treated as compensation for post-acquisition services and is recognized as compensation expense.
Transaction costs associated with business combinations are expensed as incurred, and are included in general and administrative expenses in our consolidated statements of operations.
Goodwill
Goodwill
Goodwill represents the excess of the purchase price over the fair value of net assets acquired in a business combination. We test goodwill for impairment at least annually, in the fourth quarter, or whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that goodwill might be impaired. For all periods presented, we had a single operating segment and reporting unit structure. There were no impairment charges in any of the periods presented.
Intangible Assets
Intangible Assets
Intangible assets are carried at cost and amortized on a straight-line basis over their estimated useful lives. We determine the appropriate useful life of our intangible assets by measuring the expected cash flows of acquired assets.
Impairment of Long-Lived Assets
Impairment of Long-Lived Assets
We evaluate recoverability of our property and equipment, operating lease right-of-use assets, and intangible assets, excluding goodwill, when events or changes indicate the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable. Events and changes in circumstances considered in determining whether the carrying value of long-lived assets may not be recoverable include significant changes in performance relative to expected operating results, significant changes in asset use, and significant negative industry or economic trends and changes in our business strategy. Recoverability of these assets is measured by comparison of their carrying amount to future undiscounted cash flows to be generated. If impairment is indicated based on a comparison of the assets’ carrying values and the undiscounted cash flows, the impairment loss is measured as the amount by which the carrying amount of the assets exceeds the fair value of the assets.
Legal Contingencies
Legal Contingencies
For legal contingencies, we accrue a liability for an estimated loss if the potential loss from any claim or legal proceeding is considered probable, and the amount can be reasonably estimated. Legal fees and expenses are expensed as incurred. Note 8 provides additional information regarding our legal contingencies.
Recent Accounting Pronouncements
Recent Accounting Pronouncements
Recently Adopted Accounting Standards
In September 2025, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2025-07, Derivatives and Hedging (Topic 815) and Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606): Derivatives Scope Refinements and Scope Clarification for Share-Based Noncash Consideration from a Customer in a Revenue Contract. The accounting standard excludes from the scope of Topic 815, Derivatives and Hedging, certain contracts that are not traded on an exchange that include underlyings based on the operations or activities of one of the parties to the contract. The guidance also clarifies that an entity receiving share-based noncash consideration from a customer for the transfer of goods or services in a revenue contract is required to apply the noncash consideration guidance in Topic 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers, unless and until the entity’s right to receive or retain the share-based noncash consideration is unconditional under Topic 606. We early adopted ASU 2025-07 on a prospective basis. The impact of adoption of this standard on our consolidated financial statements, including accounting policies, processes, and systems, was not material.
In November 2024, the FASB issued ASU 2024-04, Debt—Debt with Conversion and Other Options (Subtopic 470-20): Induced Conversions of Convertible Debt Instruments, which clarifies the requirements for determining whether certain settlements of convertible debt instruments should be accounted for as an induced conversion. We early adopted ASU 2024-04 on a prospective basis. The impact of adoption of this standard on our consolidated financial statements, including accounting policies, processes, and systems, was not material.
In December 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-09, Income Taxes (Topic 740): Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures, which requires public entities to provide greater disaggregation within their annual rate reconciliation, including new requirements to present reconciling items on a gross basis in specified categories, disclose both percentages and dollar amounts, and disaggregate individual reconciling items by jurisdiction and nature when the effect of the items meet a quantitative threshold. The guidance also requires disaggregating the annual disclosure of income taxes paid, net of refunds received, by federal (national), state, and foreign taxes, with separate presentation of individual jurisdictions that meet a quantitative threshold. Effective January 1, 2025, we adopted ASU 2023-09 on a prospective basis. The impact of adoption of this standard to our accounting policies, processes, and systems was not material. Refer to Note 12 of these consolidated financial statements.
Accounting Standards Not Yet Adopted
In December 2025, the FASB issued ASU 2025-10, Government Grants (Topic 832): Accounting for Government Grants by Business Entities. The accounting standard establishes authoritative guidance on the recognition, measurement and presentation of government grants received by business entities. The guidance is effective for annual reporting periods
beginning after December 15, 2028. Early adoption is permitted as of the beginning of an annual reporting period. The guidance is applied on a modified prospective, a modified retrospective, or a retrospective transition approach. We are currently evaluating the impact of adoption of this standard on our consolidated financial statements and disclosures.
In September 2025, the FASB issued ASU 2025-06, Intangibles—Goodwill and Other—Internal-Use Software (Subtopic 350-40): Targeted Improvements to the Accounting for Internal-Use Software, which clarifies and modernizes the accounting for costs related to internal-use software. The guidance is effective for annual reporting periods, and interim reporting periods within those annual reporting periods, beginning after December 15, 2027. Early adoption is permitted as of the beginning of an annual reporting period. The guidance is applied on a prospective transition approach, a modified transition approach, or a retrospective transition approach. We are currently evaluating the impact of adoption of this standard on our consolidated financial statements and disclosures.
In November 2024, the FASB issued ASU 2024-03, Income Statement—Reporting Comprehensive Income—Expense Disaggregation Disclosures (Subtopic 220-40): Disaggregation of Income Statement Expenses, which requires public entities to provide a disclosure within the financial statement footnotes showing the disaggregation of certain expenses included in relevant expense captions on the consolidated income statement, with a qualitative description of the amounts that are not separately disaggregated quantitatively. The guidance also requires disclosure of the total amount of selling expenses and, in annual reporting periods, an entity’s definition of selling expenses. The guidance is effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2026 and interim reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2027. The guidance is applied on a prospective basis, with a retrospective option, and early adoption is permitted. We are currently evaluating the impact of adoption of this standard on our consolidated financial statements and disclosures.
v3.25.4
Revenue (Tables)
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2025
Revenue from Contract with Customer [Abstract]  
Schedule of Revenue Disaggregated by Source
The following table represents our revenue disaggregated by source:
Year Ended December 31,
202520242023
(in thousands)
Advertising revenue$5,186,077 $4,903,703 $4,408,306 
Other revenue745,370 457,695 197,809 
Total revenue$5,931,447 $5,361,398 $4,606,115 
Schedule of Revenue Disaggregated by Geography
The following table represents our revenue disaggregated by geography based on the billing address of the customer:
Year Ended December 31,
202520242023
(in thousands)
North America (1) (2)
$3,473,174 $3,236,217 $2,952,301 
Europe (3)
1,092,092 957,075 772,078 
Rest of World1,366,181 1,168,106 881,736 
Total revenue$5,931,447 $5,361,398 $4,606,115 
(1)North America includes Mexico, the Caribbean, and Central America.
(2)United States revenue was $3.4 billion, $3.1 billion, and $2.9 billion for the years ended December 31, 2025, 2024, and 2023, respectively.
(3)Europe includes Turkey. Europe also includes Russia and Belarus; however, we maintain a policy prohibiting sales to entities in these countries.
v3.25.4
Net Loss per Share (Tables)
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2025
Earnings Per Share [Abstract]  
Schedule of Numerators and Denominators of Basic and Diluted Net Loss per Share Computations for Common Stock
The numerators and denominators of the basic and diluted net loss per share computations for our common stock are calculated as follows for the years ended December 31, 2025, 2024, and 2023:
Year Ended December 31,
202520242023
(in thousands, except per share data)
Class AClass BClass CClass AClass BClass CClass AClass BClass C
Numerator:
Net loss$(391,426)$(6,121)$(62,942)$(590,956)$(9,475)$(97,425)$(1,114,039)$(18,479)$(189,967)
Net loss attributable to common stockholders$(391,426)$(6,121)$(62,942)$(590,956)$(9,475)$(97,425)$(1,114,039)$(18,479)$(189,967)
Denominator:         
Basic shares:         
Weighted-average common shares - Basic1,440,44822,523231,6271,404,99422,526231,6271,358,34522,532231,627
Diluted shares:         
Weighted-average common shares - Diluted1,440,44822,523231,6271,404,99422,526231,6271,358,34522,532231,627
Net loss per share attributable to common stockholders:         
Basic$(0.27)$(0.27)$(0.27)$(0.42)$(0.42)$(0.42)$(0.82)$(0.82)$(0.82)
Diluted$(0.27)$(0.27)$(0.27)$(0.42)$(0.42)$(0.42)$(0.82)$(0.82)$(0.82)
Schedule of Potentially Dilutive Shares Excluded from Calculation of Diluted Net Loss per Share
The following potentially dilutive shares were excluded from the calculation of diluted net loss per share because their effect would have been anti-dilutive:
As of December 31,
202520242023
(in thousands)
Stock options5196801,697
Unvested RSUs and RSAs167,374134,253157,130
Convertible Notes (if-converted)46,19385,94589,379
v3.25.4
Stockholders' Equity (Tables)
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2025
Share-Based Payment Arrangement [Abstract]  
Summary of RSU and RSA Award Activity
The following table summarizes the RSU and RSA activity for the year ended December 31, 2025:
Number of
Class A Shares
Weighted-
Average
Grant Date
Fair Value
(in thousands, except per share data)
Unvested as of December 31, 2024134,253$11.90 
Granted175,226$8.51 
Vested(107,610)$10.89 
Forfeited(34,495)$10.79 
Unvested as of December 31, 2025167,374$9.23 
Summary of Stock Option Award Activity
The following table summarizes the stock option award activity under the 2017 Plan for the year ended December 31, 2025:
Number of
Class A Shares
Weighted-
Average
Exercise
Price
Weighted-
Average
Remaining
Contractual
Term
(in years)
Aggregate Intrinsic Value (1)
(in thousands, except per share and year data)
Outstanding as of December 31, 2024680$16.01 4.51$253 
Granted$— $— 
Exercised(58)$6.43 $— 
Forfeited(103)$12.56 $— 
Outstanding as of December 31, 2025519$17.77 3.74$— 
Exercisable as of December 31, 2025519$17.77 3.74$— 
Vested and expected to vest as of December 31, 2025519$17.77 3.74$— 
(1)The aggregate intrinsic value is calculated as the difference between the exercise price of the underlying stock option awards and the closing market price of our Class A common stock as of December 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024.
Summary of Total Stock-based Compensation Expense
Total stock-based compensation expense by function was as follows:
Year Ended December 31,
202520242023
(in thousands)
Cost of revenue$7,426 $6,034 $9,555 
Research and development680,602 683,830 893,026 
Sales and marketing198,013 216,672 255,688 
General and administrative130,784 134,487 165,735 
Total$1,016,825 $1,041,023 $1,324,004 
v3.25.4
Goodwill and Intangible Assets (Tables)
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2025
Goodwill and Intangible Assets Disclosure [Abstract]  
Schedule of Changes in Carrying Amount of Goodwill
The changes in the carrying amount of goodwill for the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024 were as follows:
Goodwill
(in thousands)
Balance as of December 31, 2023$1,691,827 
Foreign currency translation(2,042)
Balance as of December 31, 2024$1,689,785 
Goodwill acquired24,549 
Foreign currency translation6,435 
Balance as of December 31, 2025$1,720,769 
Summary of Estimated Useful Lives of Intangible Assets
Intangible assets consisted of the following:
As of December 31, 2025
Weighted-
Average
Remaining
Useful Life (Years)
Gross
Carrying
Amount
Accumulated
Amortization
Net
(in thousands, except years)
Technology2.6$328,234 $(274,464)$53,770 
Patents8.930,172 (17,485)12,687 
Other3.3835 (679)156 
Total intangible assets
$359,241 $(292,628)$66,613 
As of December 31, 2024
Weighted-
Average
Remaining
Useful Life (Years)
Gross
Carrying
Amount
Accumulated
Amortization
Net
(in thousands, except years)
Technology2.3$308,333 $(238,189)$70,144 
Patents8.839,373 (23,286)16,087 
Other2.06,745 (6,613)132 
Total intangible assets
$354,451 $(268,088)$86,363 
Schedule of Estimated Intangible Asset Amortization Expense
As of December 31, 2025, the estimated intangible asset amortization expense for the next five years and thereafter is as follows:
Estimated
Amortization
(in thousands)
Year ending December 31,
2026$26,775 
202718,599 
20288,092 
20294,789 
20302,937 
Thereafter5,421 
Total$66,613 
v3.25.4
Debt (Tables)
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2025
Debt Disclosure [Abstract]  
Schedule of Debt Conversions
Additional terms related to the Convertible Notes are as follows:
Maturity Date
Redemption Date (1)
Optional
Conversion Date (2)
Initial Conversion Rate (3)
Stated
Interest Rate (4)
Effective Interest Rate
2025 Notes (5)
May 1, 2025May 6, 2023February 1, 202546.12330.25 %0.48 %
2026 NotesAugust 1, 2026August 6, 2023May 1, 202643.84810.75 %0.91 %
2027 NotesMay 1, 2027May 5, 2024February 1, 202711.2042— %0.19 %
2028 NotesMarch 1, 2028March 5, 2025December 1, 202717.74940.125 %0.32 %
2030 NotesMay 1, 2030May 5, 2027February 1, 203045.08460.50 %1.21 %
(1)We may redeem for cash all or any portion of the Convertibles Notes, at our option, on or after the redemption dates based on certain circumstances as described in the respective indentures governing the Convertible Notes.
(2)Holders of the Convertible Notes may convert all or a portion of their notes at their option prior to the optional conversion date, in multiples of $1,000 principal amounts, under certain circumstances as described in the respective indentures governing the Convertible Notes. On or after the optional conversion date, the Convertible Notes are convertible at any time until the close of business on the business day immediately preceding the respective maturity date.
(3)The Convertible Notes are convertible into cash, shares of our Class A common stock, or a combination of cash and shares of our Class A common stock, at our election, at the initial conversion rates of Class A common stock per $1,000 principal amount of the respective Convertible Note. The initial conversion rates specified above represent an initial conversion price of $21.68, $22.81, $89.25, $56.34, and $22.18 per share of our Class A common stock for the 2025 Notes, 2026 Notes, 2027 Notes, 2028 Notes, and 2030 Notes, respectively. The initial conversion rates are subject to customary adjustments for certain events as described in the respective indentures governing the Convertible Notes. Additionally, holders of the Convertible Notes who convert their notes in
connection with a make-whole fundamental change or a redemption are entitled to an increase in the conversion rates, as described in the indentures governing the Convertible Notes. In the event of a fundamental change, holders of the Convertible Notes may require us to repurchase all or a portion of the Convertible Notes at a price equal to 100% of the principal amount, plus any accrued and unpaid interest, if any.
(4)Interest is payable in cash semi-annually in arrears, except for the 2027 Notes, which do not bear regular interest.
(5)The outstanding balance of the 2025 Notes was repaid on the maturity date of May 1, 2025.
Summary of Convertible Notes
The Senior Notes and the Convertible Notes (collectively, the “Notes”) rank equally with each other and consist of the following:
As of December 31,
20252024
PrincipalUnamortized Debt Issuance CostsUnamortized (Discount) PremiumNet Carrying AmountPrincipalUnamortized Debt Issuance CostsUnamortized (Discount) PremiumNet Carrying Amount
(in thousands)
Convertible Notes:
2025 Notes$— $— $— $— $36,240 $(28)$— $36,212 
2026 Notes47,013 (44)— 46,969 249,754 (624)— 249,130 
2027 Notes106,318 (264)— 106,054 1,150,000 (4,984)— 1,145,016 
2028 Notes514,191 (2,111)— 512,080 1,500,000 (8,982)— 1,491,018 
2030 Notes750,000 (6,197)(16,238)727,565 750,000 (7,582)(19,865)722,553 
Senior Notes:
2033 Notes1,500,000 (23,288)117,043 1,593,755 — — — — 
2034 Notes550,000 (7,597)8,003 550,406 — — — — 
Total Notes$3,467,522 $(39,501)$108,808 $3,536,829 $3,685,994 $(22,200)$(19,865)$3,643,929 
Schedule of Debt
The following table summarizes interest expense related to our Notes:
Year Ended December 31,
202520242023
(in thousands)
Contractual interest expense$111,218 $7,334 $8,874 
Amortization of debt issuance costs14,1216,6376,880
Amortization of debt discount (premium)(7,891)2,269 — 
Total interest expense$117,448 $16,240 $15,754 
v3.25.4
Commitment and Contingencies (Tables)
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2025
Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure [Abstract]  
Contractual Obligation, Fiscal Year Maturity
Our non-cancelable contractual commitments as of December 31, 2025 were as follows:
Non-Cancelable Commitments
(in thousands)
Year ending December 31,
2026$1,609,584 
20271,075,237 
2028104,372 
202999,244 
203098,397 
Thereafter437,020 
Total non-cancelable contractual commitments$3,423,854 
v3.25.4
Leases (Tables)
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2025
Leases [Abstract]  
Summary of Weighted-average Remaining Lease Term and Discount Rate Related to Operating Leases
The weighted-average remaining lease term (in years) and discount rate related to our operating leases were as follows:
As of December 31,
20252024
Weighted-average remaining lease term8.69.3
Weighted-average discount rate6.1 %6.1 %
Schedule of Present Value of Operating Lease Liabilities
The maturities of our operating lease liabilities as of December 31, 2025 were as follows:
Operating Leases
(in thousands)
Year ending December 31,
2026$85,126 
202795,850 
202893,389 
202989,320 
203088,175 
Thereafter347,711 
Total lease payments799,571 
Less: imputed interest
(193,269)
Present value of lease liabilities$606,302 
v3.25.4
Strategic Investments (Tables)
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2025
Equity Method Investments and Joint Ventures [Abstract]  
Summary of Strategic Investments
The following table summarizes our strategic investments as of December 31, 2025 and 2024:
As of December 31,
20252024
(in thousands)
Initial cost$115,761 $106,052 
Cumulative upward adjustments145,932 146,201 
Cumulative downward adjustments, including impairments(77,956)(63,910)
Carrying value$183,737 $188,343 
Summary of Gain (Loss) on Strategic Investments
Gains and losses recognized during the periods presented were as follows:
Year Ended December 31,
202520242023
(in thousands)
Gains (losses) recognized on strategic investments sold during the period, net$2,109 $(60)$— 
Unrealized gains on strategic investments still held at the reporting date586 334 1,368 
Unrealized losses, including impairments, on strategic investments still held at the reporting date(15,304)(7,703)(28,423)
Gains (losses) on strategic investments, net$(12,609)$(7,429)$(27,055)
Gains
and losses recognized during the periods presented, which are included within other income (expense), net on our consolidated statements of operations, were as follows:
Year Ended December 31,
202520242023
(in thousands)
Gains (losses) recognized on publicly traded equity securities sold during the period, net$— $— $11,046 
Unrealized gains (losses) on publicly traded equity securities still held at the reporting date, net(5,636)(1,185)(17,731)
Gains (losses) on publicly traded equity securities, net$(5,636)$(1,185)$(6,685)
v3.25.4
Fair Value Measurements (Tables)
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2025
Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract]  
Summary of Financial Assets Measured at Fair Value on Recurring Basis
The following tables set forth our financial assets that are measured at fair value on a recurring basis, excluding publicly traded equity securities, as of December 31, 2025 and 2024:
December 31, 2025
Fair Value HierarchyCost or
Amortized Cost
Gross
Unrealized
Gains
Gross
Unrealized
Losses
Total Estimated
Fair Value
(in thousands)
Cash$399,573 $— $— $399,573 
Cash equivalents:
Money market fundsLevel 1630,862 — — 630,862 
Total cash and cash equivalents1,030,435 — — 1,030,435 
Marketable debt securities:
U.S. government securitiesLevel 11,796,271 6,479 (5)1,802,745 
Corporate debt securitiesLevel 297,701 161 (6)97,856 
Total marketable debt securities1,893,972 6,640 (11)1,900,601 
Total$2,924,407 $6,640 $(11)$2,931,036 
December 31, 2024
Fair Value HierarchyCost or
Amortized Cost
Gross
Unrealized
Gains
Gross
Unrealized
Losses
Total Estimated
Fair Value
(in thousands)
Cash$348,251 $— $— $348,251 
Cash equivalents:
Money market fundsLevel 1694,323 — (30)694,293 
U.S. government securitiesLevel 13,991 — (1)3,990 
Total cash and cash equivalents1,046,565 — (31)1,046,534 
Marketable debt securities:
U.S. government securitiesLevel 12,186,192 4,984 (3,292)2,187,884 
Corporate debt securitiesLevel 2129,217 229 (5)129,441 
Total marketable debt securities2,315,409 5,213 (3,297)2,317,325 
Total$3,361,974 $5,213 $(3,328)$3,363,859 
The following table provides a reconciliation of cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash reported in our consolidated balance sheets to the total of the amounts in the consolidated statements of cash flows.
As of December 31,
202520242023
(in thousands)
Cash and cash equivalents$1,030,435 $1,046,534 $1,780,400 
Restricted cash, included in other assets962 3,700 2,062 
Total cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash$1,031,397 $1,050,234 $1,782,462 
Summary of Gain (Loss) on Strategic Investments
Gains and losses recognized during the periods presented were as follows:
Year Ended December 31,
202520242023
(in thousands)
Gains (losses) recognized on strategic investments sold during the period, net$2,109 $(60)$— 
Unrealized gains on strategic investments still held at the reporting date586 334 1,368 
Unrealized losses, including impairments, on strategic investments still held at the reporting date(15,304)(7,703)(28,423)
Gains (losses) on strategic investments, net$(12,609)$(7,429)$(27,055)
Gains
and losses recognized during the periods presented, which are included within other income (expense), net on our consolidated statements of operations, were as follows:
Year Ended December 31,
202520242023
(in thousands)
Gains (losses) recognized on publicly traded equity securities sold during the period, net$— $— $11,046 
Unrealized gains (losses) on publicly traded equity securities still held at the reporting date, net(5,636)(1,185)(17,731)
Gains (losses) on publicly traded equity securities, net$(5,636)$(1,185)$(6,685)
Schedule of Cash and Cash Equivalents
The following table provides a reconciliation of cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash reported in our consolidated balance sheets to the total of the amounts in the consolidated statements of cash flows.
As of December 31,
202520242023
(in thousands)
Cash and cash equivalents$1,030,435 $1,046,534 $1,780,400 
Restricted cash, included in other assets962 3,700 2,062 
Total cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash$1,031,397 $1,050,234 $1,782,462 
Restrictions on Cash and Cash Equivalents
The following table provides a reconciliation of cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash reported in our consolidated balance sheets to the total of the amounts in the consolidated statements of cash flows.
As of December 31,
202520242023
(in thousands)
Cash and cash equivalents$1,030,435 $1,046,534 $1,780,400 
Restricted cash, included in other assets962 3,700 2,062 
Total cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash$1,031,397 $1,050,234 $1,782,462 
v3.25.4
Income Taxes (Tables)
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2025
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]  
Schedule of Domestic and Foreign Components of Pre-Tax Loss
The domestic and foreign components of pre-tax loss were as follows:
Year Ended December 31,
202520242023
(in thousands)
Domestic (1)
$(238,993)$(280,877)$(285,330)
Foreign (1)
(212,143)(391,349)(1,009,093)
Loss before income taxes$(451,136)$(672,226)$(1,294,423)
(1)Includes the impact of intercompany charges to foreign affiliates for financing, management fees, and research and development cost sharing, inclusive of stock-based compensation.
Schedule of Components of Income Tax (Benefit) Expense
The components of our income tax (benefit) expense were as follows:
Year Ended December 31,
202520242023
(in thousands)
Current:
Federal$— $5,216 $— 
State4,631 6,811 8,585 
Foreign1,930 13,273 26,727 
Total current income tax expense (benefit)6,561 25,300 35,312 
Deferred:
Federal1,542 1,595 1,267 
State1,061 1,027 1,061 
Foreign189 (2,292)(9,578)
Total deferred income tax expense (benefit)2,792 330 (7,250)
Income tax expense (benefit)$9,353 $25,630 $28,062 
Summary of Reconciliation of Statutory Federal Income Tax Rate
The following is a reconciliation of the U.S. statutory federal income tax rate to our effective tax rate. We adopted ASU 2023-09 prospectively for the fiscal year 2025. Prior period disclosures have not been retrospectively adjusted and may not be comparable to the current period presentation under the new standard.
Year Ended December 31,
2025
AmountPercent
(dollars in thousands)
U.S. federal statutory tax rate$(94,739)21.0 %
Total state and local income taxes (1)
2,506 (0.6)
Foreign tax effects
United Kingdom
Statutory tax rate difference between United Kingdom and United States(1,991)0.4 
Changes in valuation allowances(57,537)12.8 
Other(1,534)0.3 
Singapore
Statutory tax rate difference between Singapore and United States8,588 (1.9)
Changes in valuation allowances37,952 (8.4)
Other2,240 (0.5)
Other foreign jurisdictions2,305 (0.5)
Tax credits
Research and development tax credits(92,642)20.6 
Changes in valuation allowances110,612 (24.5)
Nontaxable or nondeductible items
Stock-based payment awards52,357 (11.6)
Other8,869 (2.0)
Changes in unrecognized tax benefits32,367 (7.2)
Total income tax expense (benefit)$9,353 (2.1)%
(1)State taxes in California contributed to the majority of the tax effect in this category.

The following is a reconciliation of the statutory federal income tax rate to our effective tax rate for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023:
Year Ended December 31,
20242023
Tax benefit (expense) computed at the federal statutory rate21.0 %21.0 %
State tax benefit (expense), net of federal benefit (1)
3.9 2.2 
Change in valuation allowance(31.0)(31.5)
Differences between U.S. and foreign tax rates on foreign income(0.3)3.3 
Stock-based compensation(6.4)(7.0)
U.S. federal research & development credit benefit11.0 8.6 
Acquisitions and divestitures(1.0)1.8 
Other benefits (expenses)(1.0)(0.6)
Total income tax benefit (expense)(3.8)%(2.2)%
(1)    Inclusive of state research and development credits.
Schedule of Taxes Paid, Net of Refunds
As a result of our prospective adoption of ASU 2023-09 as of January 1, 2025, the following table presents income taxes paid, net of refunds, disaggregated by jurisdiction in accordance with the new disclosure requirement for the year ended December 31, 2025:
Year Ended
December 31, 2025
(in thousands)
U.S. federal$1,500 
U.S. states and local2,660 
Foreign
Canada1,395 
France5,437 
Germany6,191 
Israel2,950 
Netherlands1,453 
Other5,130 
Total foreign22,556 
Total income taxes paid$26,716 
Summary of Significant Components of Net Deferred Tax Balances
The significant components of net deferred tax balances were as follows:
Year Ended December 31,
20252024
(in thousands)
Deferred tax assets:
Accruals and reserves$23,230 $16,413 
Intangible assets199,140 139,612 
IRC 174 capitalized R&D440,540 598,669 
Stock-based compensation23,686 58,171 
Loss carryforwards2,865,653 2,757,814 
Tax credit carryforwards1,169,703 1,060,486 
Operating lease liabilities
134,620 128,072 
Other97,987 67,958 
Total deferred tax assets4,954,559 4,827,195 
Deferred tax liabilities:
Operating lease right-of-use assets
(113,448)(112,907)
Unrealized gains in securities and investments
(13,544)(18,333)
Other(20,784)(18,445)
Total deferred tax liabilities(147,776)(149,685)
Total net deferred tax assets before valuation allowance4,806,783 4,677,510 
Valuation allowance(4,808,739)(4,677,088)
Net deferred taxes$(1,956)$422 
Schedule of Unrecognized Tax Benefits Roll Forward
The following table summarizes the activity related to our gross unrecognized tax benefits for the years ended December 31, 2025, 2024, and 2023:
Year Ended December 31,
202520242023
(in thousands)
Beginning balance of unrecognized tax benefits$562,808 $513,404 $510,669 
Additions for current year tax positions119,255 49,536 46,188 
Additions for prior year tax positions421 1,163 10,171 
Reductions for prior year tax positions(3,935)(622)(16,736)
Changes due to lapse of statute of limitations(10,855)(99)(31,786)
Reductions for settlements with taxing authorities— — (4,927)
Changes due to foreign currency translation adjustments1,858 (574)(175)
Ending balance of unrecognized tax benefits (excluding interest and penalties)669,552 562,808 513,404 
Interest and penalties associated with unrecognized tax benefits1,791 1,918 967 
Ending balance of unrecognized tax benefits (including interest and penalties)$671,343 $564,726 $514,371 
v3.25.4
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) (Tables)
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2025
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income Loss [Abstract]  
Schedule of Changes in Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)
The table below presents the changes in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) (“AOCI”) by component and the reclassifications out of AOCI:
Changes in Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) by Component
Marketable
Securities
Foreign Currency
Translation
Total
(in thousands)
Balance as of December 31, 2024$1,730 $964 $2,694 
Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications3,470 19,253 22,723 
Amounts reclassified from AOCI (1)
1,275 — 1,275 
Net current period other comprehensive income (loss)4,745 19,253 23,998 
Balance as of December 31, 2025$6,475 $20,217 $26,692 
(1)Realized gains and losses on marketable securities are reclassified from AOCI into other income (expense), net in our consolidated statements of operations.
v3.25.4
Property and Equipment, Net (Tables)
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2025
Property, Plant and Equipment [Abstract]  
Summary of Property and Equipment, Net
Property and equipment, net, consisted of the following:
As of December 31,
20252024
(in thousands)
Computer hardware and software$65,466 $67,796 
Buildings21,486 21,486 
Leasehold improvements560,551 450,826 
Furniture and equipment259,673 214,619 
Construction in progress41,301 63,284 
Total948,477 818,011 
Less: accumulated depreciation(370,402)(328,923)
Property and equipment, net$578,075 $489,088 
v3.25.4
Balance Sheet Components (Tables)
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2025
Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements [Abstract]  
Schedule of Accrued Expenses and Other Current Liabilities
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities as of December 31, 2025 and 2024 consisted of the following:
As of December 31,
20252024
(in thousands)
Accrued infrastructure costs$327,980 $377,022 
Deferred revenue145,210 112,769 
Accrued compensation and related expenses77,812 85,416 
Accrued professional fees71,407 69,618 
Accrued revenue share63,885 84,990 
Accrued operating costs61,315 62,375 
Deferred payments for acquisitions3,789 76,434 
Other220,229 140,630 
Total accrued expenses and other current liabilities$971,627 $1,009,254 
v3.25.4
Restructuring (Tables)
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2025
Restructuring and Related Activities [Abstract]  
Schedule of Restructuring and Related Costs
The following table summarizes the 2024 restructuring charges included in our consolidated statement of operations for the year ended December 31, 2024:
Severance and Related Charges (1)
Stock-Based Compensation Expense
Other (2)
Total
(in thousands)
Cost of revenue$932 $189 $— $1,121 
Research and development30,845 4,801 3,201 38,847 
Sales and marketing15,755 4,176 — 19,931 
General and administrative7,786 236 2,236 10,258 
Total$55,318 $9,402 $5,437 $70,157 
(1)Severance and related charges include cash severance expenses and other termination benefits. The majority of cash paid for the restructuring was related to severance and benefits.
(2)Other primarily includes intangible asset amortization and depreciation expense.
v3.25.4
Segments and Geographic Information (Tables)
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2025
Segment Reporting [Abstract]  
Schedule of Segment Reporting Information, by Segment
The following table presents the significant segment expenses and other segment items regularly reviewed by our CODM:
Year Ended December 31,
202520242023
(in thousands)
Revenue$5,931,447 $5,361,398 $4,606,115 
Less:
Infrastructure costs1,584,147 1,441,134 1,171,993 
Content and developer partner costs621,442 634,977 621,971 
Advertising partner and other costs450,508 384,804 297,262 
Operating expenses2,585,871 2,391,878 2,353,312 
Stock-based compensation and related payroll and other tax expense1,058,013 1,069,389 1,359,107 
Depreciation and amortization163,633 154,459 159,999 
Other segment items (1)
(71,678)(17,387)(35,044)
Net loss$(460,489)$(697,856)$(1,322,485)
(1)Other segment items primarily include interest income; interest expense; other income (expense), net; and income tax benefit (expense) as reported in our consolidated statements of operations. Other segment items also include restructuring charges of $72.1 million and $40.8 million for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.
Long-Lived Assets by Geographic Areas
The following table represents our long-lived assets, which includes property and equipment, net and operating lease right-of-use assets, by geography:
As of December 31,
20252024
(in thousands)
United States$710,984 $682,173 
United Kingdom245,911 248,243 
Rest of world (1)
127,396 89,113 
Total long-lived assets, net$1,084,291 $1,019,529 
(1)No individual country other than the United States and the United Kingdom exceeded 10% of our total long-lived assets for any period presented.
v3.25.4
Description of Business and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies - Additional Information (Details)
1 Months Ended 12 Months Ended
May 31, 2024
d
$ / shares
Jul. 31, 2022
Dec. 31, 2025
USD ($)
vote
segment
reportingUnit
Dec. 31, 2024
USD ($)
Dec. 31, 2023
USD ($)
Summary Of Significant Accounting Policies [Line Items]          
Advertising cost | $     $ 23,600,000 $ 57,700,000 $ 24,900,000
Weighted average price per share (in usd per share) | $ / shares $ 40        
Common stock, convertible, threshold trading days | d 90        
Common stock, convertible, volume weighted average price per share (in usd per share) | $ / shares $ 8.70        
Common stock, convertible, volume weighted average price per share, S&P 500 total return index (in usd per share) | $ / shares $ 8,862.85        
Percentage of tax benefits likelihood of being realized     0.50    
Maturity of time deposits     90 days    
Credit losses recorded on available-for-sale debt securities | $     $ 0 0  
Number of operating segments | segment     1    
Number of reporting units | reportingUnit     1    
Goodwill impairment charges | $     $ 0 $ 0 $ 0
Computer Hardware, Software and Equipment          
Summary Of Significant Accounting Policies [Line Items]          
Property and equipment estimated useful life     3 years    
Furniture and equipment          
Summary Of Significant Accounting Policies [Line Items]          
Property and equipment estimated useful life     5 years    
Minimum | Buildings          
Summary Of Significant Accounting Policies [Line Items]          
Property and equipment estimated useful life     20 years    
Minimum | RSUs and RSAs Granted after February 2018          
Summary Of Significant Accounting Policies [Line Items]          
Service condition satisfied (in years)     3 years    
Maximum | Buildings          
Summary Of Significant Accounting Policies [Line Items]          
Property and equipment estimated useful life     45 years    
Maximum | RSUs and RSAs Granted after February 2018          
Summary Of Significant Accounting Policies [Line Items]          
Service condition satisfied (in years)     4 years    
Class A Non-voting Common Stock          
Summary Of Significant Accounting Policies [Line Items]          
Stock split ratio, common stock   1      
Class B voting common stock          
Summary Of Significant Accounting Policies [Line Items]          
Number of votes per share | vote     1    
Class C voting common stock          
Summary Of Significant Accounting Policies [Line Items]          
Number of votes per share | vote     10    
v3.25.4
Revenue - Schedule of Revenue Disaggregated by Source (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Thousands
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2025
Dec. 31, 2024
Dec. 31, 2023
Disaggregation Of Revenue [Line Items]      
Total revenue $ 5,931,447 $ 5,361,398 $ 4,606,115
Advertising Revenue      
Disaggregation Of Revenue [Line Items]      
Total revenue 5,186,077 4,903,703 4,408,306
Other Revenue      
Disaggregation Of Revenue [Line Items]      
Total revenue $ 745,370 $ 457,695 $ 197,809
v3.25.4
Revenue - Schedule of Revenue Disaggregated by Geography (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Thousands
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2025
Dec. 31, 2024
Dec. 31, 2023
Disaggregation Of Revenue [Line Items]      
Total revenue $ 5,931,447 $ 5,361,398 $ 4,606,115
Unsatisfied performance obligations in contracts 387,900    
North America      
Disaggregation Of Revenue [Line Items]      
Total revenue 3,473,174 3,236,217 2,952,301
United States      
Disaggregation Of Revenue [Line Items]      
Total revenue 3,400,000 3,100,000 2,900,000
Europe      
Disaggregation Of Revenue [Line Items]      
Total revenue 1,092,092 957,075 772,078
Rest of world      
Disaggregation Of Revenue [Line Items]      
Total revenue $ 1,366,181 $ 1,168,106 $ 881,736
v3.25.4
Net Loss per Share - Additional Information (Details)
Dec. 31, 2025
class
Earnings Per Share [Abstract]  
Number of classes of stock 3
v3.25.4
Net Loss per Share - Schedule of Numerators and Denominators of Basic and Diluted Net Loss per Share Computations for Common Stock (Details) - USD ($)
$ / shares in Units, $ in Thousands
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2025
Dec. 31, 2024
Dec. 31, 2023
Numerator:      
Net loss $ (460,489) $ (697,856) $ (1,322,485)
Basic shares:      
Weighted-average common shares - Basic (in shares) 1,694,598,000 1,659,147,000 1,612,504,000
Diluted shares:      
Weighted-average common shares - Diluted (in shares) 1,694,598,000 1,659,147,000 1,612,504,000
Net loss per share attributable to common stockholders:      
Basic (in usd per share) $ (0.27) $ (0.42) $ (0.82)
Diluted (in usd per share) $ (0.27) $ (0.42) $ (0.82)
Class A      
Numerator:      
Net loss $ (391,426) $ (590,956) $ (1,114,039)
Net loss attributable to common stockholders $ (391,426) $ (590,956) $ (1,114,039)
Basic shares:      
Weighted-average common shares - Basic (in shares) 1,440,448,000 1,404,994,000 1,358,345,000
Diluted shares:      
Weighted-average common shares - Diluted (in shares) 1,440,448,000 1,404,994,000 1,358,345,000
Net loss per share attributable to common stockholders:      
Basic (in usd per share) $ (0.27) $ (0.42) $ (0.82)
Diluted (in usd per share) $ (0.27) $ (0.42) $ (0.82)
Class B      
Numerator:      
Net loss $ (6,121) $ (9,475) $ (18,479)
Net loss attributable to common stockholders $ (6,121) $ (9,475) $ (18,479)
Basic shares:      
Weighted-average common shares - Basic (in shares) 22,523,000 22,526,000 22,532,000
Diluted shares:      
Weighted-average common shares - Diluted (in shares) 22,523,000 22,526,000 22,532,000
Net loss per share attributable to common stockholders:      
Basic (in usd per share) $ (0.27) $ (0.42) $ (0.82)
Diluted (in usd per share) $ (0.27) $ (0.42) $ (0.82)
Class C      
Numerator:      
Net loss $ (62,942) $ (97,425) $ (189,967)
Net loss attributable to common stockholders $ (62,942) $ (97,425) $ (189,967)
Basic shares:      
Weighted-average common shares - Basic (in shares) 231,627,000 231,627,000 231,627,000
Diluted shares:      
Weighted-average common shares - Diluted (in shares) 231,627,000 231,627,000 231,627,000
Net loss per share attributable to common stockholders:      
Basic (in usd per share) $ (0.27) $ (0.42) $ (0.82)
Diluted (in usd per share) $ (0.27) $ (0.42) $ (0.82)
v3.25.4
Net Loss per Share - Schedule of Potentially Dilutive Shares Excluded from Calculation of Diluted Net Loss per Share (Details) - shares
shares in Thousands
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2025
Dec. 31, 2024
Dec. 31, 2023
Stock options      
Antidilutive Securities Excluded From Computation Of Earnings Per Share [Line Items]      
Anti-dilutive securities excluded from calculation of diluted net loss per share (in shares) 519 680 1,697
Unvested RSUs and RSAs      
Antidilutive Securities Excluded From Computation Of Earnings Per Share [Line Items]      
Anti-dilutive securities excluded from calculation of diluted net loss per share (in shares) 167,374 134,253 157,130
Convertible Notes (if-converted)      
Antidilutive Securities Excluded From Computation Of Earnings Per Share [Line Items]      
Anti-dilutive securities excluded from calculation of diluted net loss per share (in shares) 46,193 85,945 89,379
v3.25.4
Stockholders' Equity - Additional Information (Details)
1 Months Ended 3 Months Ended 12 Months Ended
Nov. 30, 2025
USD ($)
shares
Jun. 30, 2025
USD ($)
shares
Jun. 30, 2024
USD ($)
shares
Dec. 31, 2025
USD ($)
vote
plan
$ / shares
shares
Dec. 31, 2024
USD ($)
$ / shares
shares
Dec. 31, 2023
USD ($)
$ / shares
shares
Oct. 31, 2024
USD ($)
Oct. 31, 2023
USD ($)
Share Based Compensation Arrangement By Share Based Payment Award [Line Items]                
Common stock, outstanding (in shares)       1,756,223,000 1,737,867,000 1,694,696,000    
Number of share-based employee compensation plans | plan       1        
Stock-based compensation expense | $       $ 1,016,825,000 $ 1,041,023,000 $ 1,324,004,000    
Fair values of options vested | $           1,100,000    
Intrinsic values of stock options exercised | $       $ 100,000 $ 1,400,000 $ 12,300,000    
2017 Employee Stock Purchase Plan                
Share Based Compensation Arrangement By Share Based Payment Award [Line Items]                
Percentage of number of shares, common stock outstanding       1.00%        
Stock options                
Share Based Compensation Arrangement By Share Based Payment Award [Line Items]                
Granted (in shares)       0 0 0    
Stock-based compensation expense | $       $ 0 $ 0      
Stock options | 2017 Stock Plan                
Share Based Compensation Arrangement By Share Based Payment Award [Line Items]                
Unrecognized compensation cost | $       0        
Restricted Stock Units and Restricted Stock Awards                
Share Based Compensation Arrangement By Share Based Payment Award [Line Items]                
Fair value of vested shares | $       900,000,000 $ 900,000,000 $ 1,000,000,000    
Unrecognized compensation cost | $       $ 1,400,000,000        
Weighted average recognition period       2 years 1 month 6 days        
Maximum | 2017 Equity Incentive Plan                
Share Based Compensation Arrangement By Share Based Payment Award [Line Items]                
Percentage of capital stock outstanding       5.00%        
Maximum | Stock options                
Share Based Compensation Arrangement By Share Based Payment Award [Line Items]                
Maximum term for stock options from the grant date       10 years        
Class A Non-voting Common Stock                
Share Based Compensation Arrangement By Share Based Payment Award [Line Items]                
Common stock, authorized (in shares)       3,000,000,000 3,000,000,000      
Common stock, par value (in usd per share) | $ / shares       $ 0.00001 $ 0.00001      
Common stock dividends declared (in usd per share) | $ / shares       $ 0        
Common stock, issued (in shares)       1,502,073,263 1,483,718,000      
Common stock, outstanding (in shares)       1,457,403,389 1,436,495,000      
Class A Non-voting Common Stock | 2017 Equity Incentive Plan                
Share Based Compensation Arrangement By Share Based Payment Award [Line Items]                
Common stock reserved for future issuance (in shares)       96,392,672        
Class A Non-voting Common Stock | 2017 Employee Stock Purchase Plan                
Share Based Compensation Arrangement By Share Based Payment Award [Line Items]                
Common stock reserved for future issuance (in shares)       16,484,690        
Number of shares issued or offered under plan (in shares)       0        
Class A Non-voting Common Stock | 2025 Stock Repurchase Plan                
Share Based Compensation Arrangement By Share Based Payment Award [Line Items]                
Stock repurchase program, authorized amount | $ $ 500,000,000.0              
Treasury stock, acquired | $       $ 250,300,000        
Remaining authorized amount | $       $ 250,000,000        
Treasury stock, acquired (in shares) 29,400,000              
Class A Non-voting Common Stock | 2024 Stock Repurchase Plan                
Share Based Compensation Arrangement By Share Based Payment Award [Line Items]                
Stock repurchase program, authorized amount | $             $ 500,000,000  
Treasury stock, acquired | $   $ 500,600,000            
Treasury stock, acquired (in shares)   57,300,000            
Class A Non-voting Common Stock | 2023 Stock Repurchase Plan                
Share Based Compensation Arrangement By Share Based Payment Award [Line Items]                
Stock repurchase program, authorized amount | $               $ 500,000,000.0
Treasury stock, acquired | $     $ 500,500,000          
Treasury stock, acquired (in shares)     46,300,000          
Class A Non-voting Common Stock | Stock options                
Share Based Compensation Arrangement By Share Based Payment Award [Line Items]                
Granted (in shares)       0        
Class A Non-voting Common Stock | Restricted Stock Units and Restricted Stock Awards                
Share Based Compensation Arrangement By Share Based Payment Award [Line Items]                
Weighted-average grant date fair value (in usd per share) | $ / shares       $ 8.51 $ 12.92 $ 10.41    
Class A Non-voting Common Stock | Maximum | 2017 Employee Stock Purchase Plan                
Share Based Compensation Arrangement By Share Based Payment Award [Line Items]                
Increase in number of shares reserved for issuance (in shares)       15,000,000        
Class B voting common stock                
Share Based Compensation Arrangement By Share Based Payment Award [Line Items]                
Common stock, authorized (in shares)       700,000,000 700,000,000      
Common stock, par value (in usd per share) | $ / shares       $ 0.00001 $ 0.00001      
Number of votes per share | vote       1        
Common stock dividends declared (in usd per share) | $ / shares       $ 0        
Common stock, issued (in shares)       22,523,290 22,523,000      
Common stock, outstanding (in shares)       22,523,290 22,523,000      
Class C voting common stock                
Share Based Compensation Arrangement By Share Based Payment Award [Line Items]                
Common stock, authorized (in shares)       260,887,848 260,888,000      
Common stock, par value (in usd per share) | $ / shares       $ 0.00001 $ 0.00001      
Number of votes per share | vote       10        
Common stock dividends declared (in usd per share) | $ / shares       $ 0        
Common stock, issued (in shares)       231,626,943 231,627,000      
Common stock, outstanding (in shares)       231,626,943 231,627,000      
v3.25.4
Stockholders' Equity - Summary of RSU and RSA Award Activity (Details) - Restricted Stock Units and Restricted Stock Awards - Class A non-voting common stock
shares in Thousands
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2025
$ / shares
shares
Number of Class A Shares  
Outstanding restricted stock, unvested beginning balance (in shares) | shares 134,253
Outstanding restricted stock, Granted (in shares) | shares 175,226
Outstanding restricted stock, Vested (in shares) | shares (107,610)
Outstanding restricted stock, Forfeited (in shares) | shares (34,495)
Outstanding restricted stock, unvested ending balance (in shares) | shares 167,374
Weighted- Average Grant Date Fair Value  
Weighted-average grant date fair value per restricted stock, unvested beginning balance (in usd per share) | $ / shares $ 11.90
Weighted-average grant date fair value per restricted stock, Granted (in usd per share) | $ / shares 8.51
Weighted-average grant date fair value per restricted stock, Vested (in usd per share) | $ / shares 10.89
Weighted-average grant date fair value per restricted stock, Forfeited (in usd per share) | $ / shares 10.79
Weighted-average grant date fair value per restricted stock, unvested ending balance (in usd per share) | $ / shares $ 9.23
v3.25.4
Stockholders' Equity - Summary of Stock Option Award Activity (Details) - Stock options - USD ($)
$ / shares in Units, $ in Thousands
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2025
Dec. 31, 2024
Dec. 31, 2023
Number of Shares      
Granted (in shares) 0 0 0
Class A non-voting common stock      
Number of Shares      
Beginning balance (in shares) 680,000    
Granted (in shares) 0    
Exercised (in shares) (58,000)    
Forfeited (in shares) (103,000)    
Ending balance (in shares) 519,000 680,000  
Exercisable (in shares) 519,000    
Vested and expected to vest (in shares) 519,000    
Weighted- Average Exercise Price      
Weighted-Average Exercise Price, Beginning balance (in usd per share) $ 16.01    
Weighted-Average Exercise Price, Granted (in usd per share) 0    
Weighted-Average Exercise Price, Exercised (in usd per share) 6.43    
Weighted-Average Exercise Price, Forfeited (in usd per share) 12.56    
Weighted-Average Exercise Price, Ending balance (in usd per share) 17.77 $ 16.01  
Weighted-Average Exercise Price, Exercisable (in usd per share) 17.77    
Weighted-Average Exercise Price, Vested and expected to vest (in usd per share) $ 17.77    
Weighted- Average Remaining Contractual Term (in years)      
Weighted-Average Remaining Contractual Term 3 years 8 months 26 days 4 years 6 months 3 days  
Weighted-average remaining contractual term, exercisable 3 years 8 months 26 days    
Weighted-average remaining contractual term, vested and expected to vest 3 years 8 months 26 days    
Aggregate Intrinsic Value      
Aggregate Intrinsic Value, Outstanding $ 0 $ 253  
Aggregate Intrinsic Value, Exercisable 0    
Aggregate Intrinsic Value, Vested and expected to vest $ 0    
v3.25.4
Stockholders' Equity - Summary of Total Stock-based Compensation Expense (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Thousands
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2025
Dec. 31, 2024
Dec. 31, 2023
Share Based Compensation Arrangement By Share Based Payment Award [Line Items]      
Stock-based compensation expense $ 1,016,825 $ 1,041,023 $ 1,324,004
Cost of revenue      
Share Based Compensation Arrangement By Share Based Payment Award [Line Items]      
Stock-based compensation expense 7,426 6,034 9,555
Research and development      
Share Based Compensation Arrangement By Share Based Payment Award [Line Items]      
Stock-based compensation expense 680,602 683,830 893,026
Sales and marketing      
Share Based Compensation Arrangement By Share Based Payment Award [Line Items]      
Stock-based compensation expense 198,013 216,672 255,688
General and administrative      
Share Based Compensation Arrangement By Share Based Payment Award [Line Items]      
Stock-based compensation expense $ 130,784 $ 134,487 $ 165,735
v3.25.4
Business Acquisitions - Additional Information (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Thousands
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2025
Dec. 31, 2024
Dec. 31, 2023
Business Combination [Line Items]      
Goodwill $ 1,720,769 $ 1,689,785 $ 1,691,827
2025 Acquisitions      
Business Combination [Line Items]      
Purchase price consideration 41,700    
Goodwill deductible for tax purposes 24,500    
Goodwill $ 24,500    
2023 Acquisitions      
Business Combination [Line Items]      
Purchase price consideration   73,100  
Payment to acquire business   56,300  
Business combination, recognized identifiable assets acquired and liabilities assumed, liabilities   12,600  
Goodwill   $ 42,800  
v3.25.4
Goodwill and Intangible Assets - Schedule of Changes in Carrying Amount of Goodwill (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Thousands
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2025
Dec. 31, 2024
Goodwill [Roll Forward]    
Goodwill, beginning balance $ 1,689,785 $ 1,691,827
Foreign currency translation 6,435 (2,042)
Goodwill acquired 24,549  
Goodwill, ending balance $ 1,720,769 $ 1,689,785
v3.25.4
Goodwill and Intangible Assets - Schedule of Intangible Assets (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Thousands
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2025
Dec. 31, 2024
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]    
Gross Carrying Amount $ 359,241 $ 354,451
Accumulated Amortization (292,628) (268,088)
Net $ 66,613 $ 86,363
Technology    
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]    
Weighted- Average Remaining Useful Life (Years) 2 years 7 months 6 days 2 years 3 months 18 days
Gross Carrying Amount $ 328,234 $ 308,333
Accumulated Amortization (274,464) (238,189)
Net $ 53,770 $ 70,144
Patents    
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]    
Weighted- Average Remaining Useful Life (Years) 8 years 10 months 24 days 8 years 9 months 18 days
Gross Carrying Amount $ 30,172 $ 39,373
Accumulated Amortization (17,485) (23,286)
Net $ 12,687 $ 16,087
Other    
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]    
Weighted- Average Remaining Useful Life (Years) 3 years 3 months 18 days 2 years
Gross Carrying Amount $ 835 $ 6,745
Accumulated Amortization (679) (6,613)
Net $ 156 $ 132
v3.25.4
Goodwill and Intangible Assets - Additional Information (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Millions
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2025
Dec. 31, 2024
Dec. 31, 2023
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]      
Amortization of intangible assets $ 45.5 $ 60.0 $ 81.1
Customer Relationships, Trademarks, Domain Names, and Technology      
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]      
Increase in amortization of intangible assets   $ 3.2 $ 19.9
v3.25.4
Goodwill and Intangible Assets - Schedule of Estimated Intangible Asset Amortization Expense (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Thousands
Dec. 31, 2025
Dec. 31, 2024
Goodwill and Intangible Assets Disclosure [Abstract]    
2026 $ 26,775  
2027 18,599  
2028 8,092  
2029 4,789  
2030 2,937  
Thereafter 5,421  
Net $ 66,613 $ 86,363
v3.25.4
Debt - Additional Information (Details) - USD ($)
1 Months Ended 3 Months Ended 12 Months Ended
Aug. 31, 2025
Feb. 28, 2025
May 31, 2024
Feb. 29, 2024
May 31, 2022
Feb. 28, 2022
Apr. 30, 2021
Apr. 30, 2020
Aug. 31, 2019
Sep. 30, 2025
Mar. 31, 2025
Jun. 30, 2024
Mar. 31, 2024
Dec. 31, 2025
Dec. 31, 2024
Dec. 31, 2023
Jan. 31, 2025
Debt Instrument [Line Items]                                  
Principal                           $ 3,467,522,000 $ 3,685,994,000    
Debt extinguishment, price paid $ 549,900,000 $ 1,400,000,000 $ 418,300,000                            
Gain (loss) on debt extinguishment                           96,734,000 (6,672,000) $ 0  
Repayments of convertible notes                           36,240,000 0 0  
Proceeds from termination of capped calls     62,700,000                     0 62,683,000 0  
Senior Unsecured Revolving Credit Facility                                  
Debt Instrument [Line Items]                                  
Line of credit facility, expiration period         5 years                        
Maximum borrowing capacity         $ 1,050,000,000.00                        
Annual commitment fee         0.10%                        
Outstanding letters of credit                           82,200,000      
Amounts outstanding under the credit facility                           0      
Senior Unsecured Revolving Credit Facility | Debt Instrument, Redemption, Period One                                  
Debt Instrument [Line Items]                                  
Maximum borrowing capacity   800,000,000.0                              
Debt instrument, covenant, minimum liquidity amount   800,000,000.0                             $ 300,000,000.0
Senior Unsecured Revolving Credit Facility | Debt Instrument, Redemption, Period Two                                  
Debt Instrument [Line Items]                                  
Maximum borrowing capacity   250,000,000.0                              
Senior Unsecured Revolving Credit Facility | Secured Overnight Financing Rate (SOFR) [Member]                                  
Debt Instrument [Line Items]                                  
Basis spread on variable interest rate (percentage)         0.85%                        
Senior Unsecured Revolving Credit Facility | Sterling Overnight Index                                  
Debt Instrument [Line Items]                                  
Basis spread on variable interest rate (percentage)         0.7826%                        
Senior Unsecured Revolving Credit Facility | Miscellaneous                                  
Debt Instrument [Line Items]                                  
Basis spread on variable interest rate (percentage)         0.75%                        
Senior Unsecured Revolving Credit Facility | Fed Funds Effective Rate Overnight Index Swap Rate                                  
Debt Instrument [Line Items]                                  
Basis spread on variable interest rate (percentage)         0.50%                        
Senior Unsecured Revolving Credit Facility | One Month Secured Overnight Financing Rate                                  
Debt Instrument [Line Items]                                  
Line of credit facility, expiration period         1 month                        
Basis spread on variable interest rate (percentage)         100.00%                        
2034 Notes                                  
Debt Instrument [Line Items]                                  
Principal                           $ 550,000,000 0    
Debt instrument, increase (decrease), net 8,300,000                                
2034 Notes | Senior Notes                                  
Debt Instrument [Line Items]                                  
Principal 550,000,000.0                                
Debt issuance costs 8,900,000                                
Proceeds from the issuance of debt $ 541,100,000                                
Amortization of debt issuance costs and debt discount (premium)                   $ 1,400,000              
Debt instrument, interest rate 6.875%                                
Debt interest rate, effective rate (as a percent)                           6.86%      
Redemption price, percentage of principal amount redeemed 40.00%                                
Debt issuance costs                   400,000              
2034 Notes | Senior Notes | Debt Instrument, Redemption, Period One                                  
Debt Instrument [Line Items]                                  
Redemption price (as a percent) 100.00%                                
2034 Notes | Senior Notes | Debt Instrument, Redemption, Period Two                                  
Debt Instrument [Line Items]                                  
Redemption price (as a percent) 106.875%                                
2034 Notes | Senior Notes | Debt Instrument, Redemption, Period Three                                  
Debt Instrument [Line Items]                                  
Redemption price (as a percent) 101.00%                                
2033 Notes                                  
Debt Instrument [Line Items]                                  
Principal                           $ 1,500,000,000 0    
Debt instrument, increase (decrease), net                     $ 128,300,000            
Debt issuance costs                     5,100,000            
2033 Notes | Senior Notes                                  
Debt Instrument [Line Items]                                  
Principal   1,500,000,000                              
Debt issuance costs   26,900,000                              
Proceeds from the issuance of debt   $ 1,470,000,000                              
Amortization of debt issuance costs and debt discount (premium)                     6,500,000            
Debt instrument, interest rate   6.875%                              
Debt interest rate, effective rate (as a percent)                           5.81%      
Redemption price, percentage of principal amount redeemed   40.00%                              
2033 Notes | Senior Notes | Debt Instrument, Redemption, Period One                                  
Debt Instrument [Line Items]                                  
Redemption price (as a percent)   100.00%                              
2033 Notes | Senior Notes | Debt Instrument, Redemption, Period Two                                  
Debt Instrument [Line Items]                                  
Redemption price (as a percent)   106.875%                              
2033 Notes | Senior Notes | Debt Instrument, Redemption, Period Three                                  
Debt Instrument [Line Items]                                  
Redemption price (as a percent)   101.00%                              
2030 Notes                                  
Debt Instrument [Line Items]                                  
Principal                           $ 750,000,000 750,000,000    
Debt instrument, increase (decrease), net                       $ 20,900,000          
Cap price, net cost                           $ 68,900,000      
2030 Notes | Convertible Debt                                  
Debt Instrument [Line Items]                                  
Principal     750,000,000                            
Proceeds from the issuance of debt     $ 671,500,000                            
Debt instrument, interest rate     0.50%                            
Debt interest rate, effective rate (as a percent)                           1.21%      
2030 Notes | Class A Non-voting Common Stock                                  
Debt Instrument [Line Items]                                  
Cap price, per share (in usd per share)                           $ 33.48      
2028 Notes                                  
Debt Instrument [Line Items]                                  
Principal           $ 1,500,000,000               $ 514,191,000 1,500,000,000    
Proceeds from debt net of issuance costs and capped call transaction costs           $ 1,310,000,000                      
Debt instrument, repurchased face amount $ 185,800,000 $ 800,000,000.0                              
Cap price, net cost                           $ 177,000,000.0      
2028 Notes | Convertible Debt                                  
Debt Instrument [Line Items]                                  
Debt instrument, interest rate           0.125%                      
Debt interest rate, effective rate (as a percent)                           0.32%      
2028 Notes | Class A Non-voting Common Stock                                  
Debt Instrument [Line Items]                                  
Cap price, per share (in usd per share)                           $ 93.90      
2027 Notes                                  
Debt Instrument [Line Items]                                  
Principal             $ 1,150,000,000             $ 106,318,000 1,150,000,000    
Proceeds from the issuance of debt             $ 1,050,000,000.00                    
Debt instrument, repurchased face amount 246,300,000 797,400,000                              
Cap price, net cost                           $ 86,800,000      
2027 Notes | Convertible Debt                                  
Debt Instrument [Line Items]                                  
Debt instrument, interest rate             0.00%                    
Debt interest rate, effective rate (as a percent)                           0.19%      
2027 Notes | Class A Non-voting Common Stock                                  
Debt Instrument [Line Items]                                  
Cap price, per share (in usd per share)                           $ 121.02      
2026 Notes                                  
Debt Instrument [Line Items]                                  
Principal                 $ 1,265,000,000         $ 47,013,000 249,754,000    
Proceeds from the issuance of debt                 $ 1,150,000,000                
Debt instrument, repurchased face amount 157,400,000 45,300,000 $ 237,500,000 $ 351,200,000                          
Cap price, net cost                           $ 102,100,000      
2026 Notes | Convertible Debt                                  
Debt Instrument [Line Items]                                  
Debt instrument, interest rate                 0.75%                
Debt interest rate, effective rate (as a percent)                           0.91%      
2026 Notes | Class A Non-voting Common Stock                                  
Debt Instrument [Line Items]                                  
Cap price, per share (in usd per share)                           $ 32.58      
February 2025 Note Repurchases                                  
Debt Instrument [Line Items]                                  
Gain (loss) on repurchase of debt instrument   $ 190,100,000                              
Gain (loss) on debt extinguishment                     $ 66,900,000            
August 2025 Note Repurchases                                  
Debt Instrument [Line Items]                                  
Gain (loss) on repurchase of debt instrument $ 37,700,000                                
Gain (loss) on debt extinguishment                   $ 29,800,000              
2025 Notes                                  
Debt Instrument [Line Items]                                  
Principal               $ 1,000,000,000.0           $ 0 36,240,000    
Proceeds from the issuance of debt               $ 888,600,000                  
Debt instrument, repurchased face amount     147,900,000 100,000,000                          
Cap price, net cost                           $ 100,000,000.0      
2025 Notes | Convertible Debt                                  
Debt Instrument [Line Items]                                  
Debt instrument, interest rate               0.25%                  
Debt interest rate, effective rate (as a percent)                           0.48%      
2025 Notes | Class A Non-voting Common Stock                                  
Debt Instrument [Line Items]                                  
Cap price, per share (in usd per share)                           $ 32.12      
Convertible Notes                                  
Debt Instrument [Line Items]                                  
Amortization of debt issuance costs and debt discount (premium)                           $ 14,121,000 $ 6,637,000 $ 6,880,000  
Debt extinguishment, price paid       $ 440,700,000                          
Gain (loss) on debt extinguishment                       $ (15,500,000) $ 8,800,000        
May 2024 Note Repurchases                                  
Debt Instrument [Line Items]                                  
Gain (loss) on repurchase of debt instrument     $ 34,100,000                            
v3.25.4
Debt - Summary of Convertible Notes (Details)
1 Months Ended
May 31, 2024
$ / shares
Feb. 28, 2022
$ / shares
Apr. 30, 2021
USD ($)
$ / shares
Apr. 30, 2020
$ / shares
Aug. 31, 2019
$ / shares
Dec. 31, 2025
2025 - 2030 Notes | Class A Non-voting Common Stock            
Debt Instrument [Line Items]            
Debt instrument, convertible principal amount used in conversion rate | $     $ 1,000      
2025 Notes | Class A Non-voting Common Stock            
Debt Instrument [Line Items]            
Conversion price per share (in usd per share)       $ 21.68    
2025 Notes | Convertible Debt            
Debt Instrument [Line Items]            
Conversion ratio (as a percent)       46.1233    
Debt instrument, interest rate       0.25%    
Debt interest rate, effective rate (as a percent)           0.48%
2026 Notes | Class A Non-voting Common Stock            
Debt Instrument [Line Items]            
Conversion price per share (in usd per share)         $ 22.81  
2026 Notes | Convertible Debt            
Debt Instrument [Line Items]            
Conversion ratio (as a percent)         43.8481  
Debt instrument, interest rate         0.75%  
Debt interest rate, effective rate (as a percent)           0.91%
2027 Notes | Class A Non-voting Common Stock            
Debt Instrument [Line Items]            
Conversion price per share (in usd per share)     $ 89.25      
2027 Notes | Convertible Debt            
Debt Instrument [Line Items]            
Conversion ratio (as a percent)     11.2042      
Debt instrument, interest rate     0.00%      
Debt interest rate, effective rate (as a percent)           0.19%
2028 Notes | Class A Non-voting Common Stock            
Debt Instrument [Line Items]            
Conversion price per share (in usd per share)   $ 56.34        
2028 Notes | Convertible Debt            
Debt Instrument [Line Items]            
Conversion ratio (as a percent)   17.7494        
Debt instrument, interest rate   0.125%        
Debt interest rate, effective rate (as a percent)           0.32%
2030 Notes | Convertible Debt            
Debt Instrument [Line Items]            
Conversion ratio (as a percent) 45.0846          
Debt instrument, interest rate 0.50%          
Debt interest rate, effective rate (as a percent)           1.21%
2030 Notes | Convertible Debt | Class A Non-voting Common Stock            
Debt Instrument [Line Items]            
Conversion price per share (in usd per share) $ 22.18          
v3.25.4
Debt - Schedule of Senior Notes and the Convertible Notes (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Thousands
Dec. 31, 2025
Dec. 31, 2024
Feb. 28, 2022
Apr. 30, 2021
Apr. 30, 2020
Aug. 31, 2019
Debt Instrument [Line Items]            
Principal $ 3,467,522 $ 3,685,994        
Unamortized Debt Issuance Costs (39,501) (22,200)        
Unamortized (Discount) Premium 108,808 (19,865)        
Net Carrying Amount 3,536,829 3,643,929        
2025 Notes            
Debt Instrument [Line Items]            
Principal 0 36,240     $ 1,000,000  
Unamortized Debt Issuance Costs 0 (28)        
Unamortized (Discount) Premium 0 0        
Net Carrying Amount 0 36,212        
2026 Notes            
Debt Instrument [Line Items]            
Principal 47,013 249,754       $ 1,265,000
Unamortized Debt Issuance Costs (44) (624)        
Unamortized (Discount) Premium 0 0        
Net Carrying Amount 46,969 249,130        
2027 Notes            
Debt Instrument [Line Items]            
Principal 106,318 1,150,000   $ 1,150,000    
Unamortized Debt Issuance Costs (264) (4,984)        
Unamortized (Discount) Premium 0 0        
Net Carrying Amount 106,054 1,145,016        
2028 Notes            
Debt Instrument [Line Items]            
Principal 514,191 1,500,000 $ 1,500,000      
Unamortized Debt Issuance Costs (2,111) (8,982)        
Unamortized (Discount) Premium 0 0        
Net Carrying Amount 512,080 1,491,018        
2030 Notes            
Debt Instrument [Line Items]            
Principal 750,000 750,000        
Unamortized Debt Issuance Costs (6,197) (7,582)        
Unamortized (Discount) Premium (16,238) (19,865)        
Net Carrying Amount 727,565 722,553        
2033 Notes            
Debt Instrument [Line Items]            
Principal 1,500,000 0        
Unamortized Debt Issuance Costs (23,288) 0        
Unamortized (Discount) Premium 117,043 0        
Net Carrying Amount 1,593,755 0        
2034 Notes            
Debt Instrument [Line Items]            
Principal 550,000 0        
Unamortized Debt Issuance Costs (7,597) 0        
Unamortized (Discount) Premium 8,003 0        
Net Carrying Amount $ 550,406 $ 0        
v3.25.4
Debt - Schedule of Interest Expense (Details) - Convertible Notes - USD ($)
$ in Thousands
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2025
Dec. 31, 2024
Dec. 31, 2023
Debt Instrument [Line Items]      
Contractual interest expense $ 111,218 $ 7,334 $ 8,874
Amortization of debt issuance costs 14,121 6,637 6,880
Amortization of debt discount (premium) (7,891) 2,269 0
Total interest expense $ 117,448 $ 16,240 $ 15,754
v3.25.4
Commitment and Contingencies - Schedule of Maturities of Non-Cancelable Contractual Commitments (Details)
$ in Thousands
Dec. 31, 2025
USD ($)
Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure [Abstract]  
2026 $ 1,609,584
2027 1,075,237
2028 104,372
2029 99,244
2030 98,397
Thereafter 437,020
Total non-cancelable contractual commitments $ 3,423,854
v3.25.4
Commitments and Contingencies - Narrative (Details) - USD ($)
Dec. 31, 2025
Sep. 30, 2025
Pending Matters    
Loss Contingencies [Line Items]    
Preliminary settlement agreement amount   $ 65,000,000
Indemnification Agreement    
Loss Contingencies [Line Items]    
Liabilities recorded $ 0  
v3.25.4
Leases - Additional Information (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Thousands
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2025
Dec. 31, 2024
Dec. 31, 2023
Lessee Lease Description [Line Items]      
Operating lease cost $ 105,500 $ 101,000 $ 101,000
Operating cash outflows for operating leases 74,000 101,400 89,800
Lease liabilities arising from obtaining operating lease right-of-use assets 30,900 $ 71,000 $ 220,200
Operating Lease, Lease Not yet Commenced      
Lessee Lease Description [Line Items]      
Lease obligations for additional leases not yet commenced $ 115,900    
Minimum | Operating Lease, Lease Not yet Commenced      
Lessee Lease Description [Line Items]      
Operating leases, terms 12 years 8 months 12 days    
v3.25.4
Leases - Summary of Weighted-average Remaining Lease Term and Discount Rate Related to Operating Leases (Details)
Dec. 31, 2025
Dec. 31, 2024
Leases [Abstract]    
Weighted-average remaining lease term 8 years 7 months 6 days 9 years 3 months 18 days
Weighted-average discount rate 6.10% 6.10%
v3.25.4
Leases - Schedule of Present Value of Operating Lease Liabilities (Details)
$ in Thousands
Dec. 31, 2025
USD ($)
Leases [Abstract]  
2026 $ 85,126
2027 95,850
2028 93,389
2029 89,320
2030 88,175
Thereafter 347,711
Total lease payments 799,571
Less: imputed interest (193,269)
Present value of lease liabilities $ 606,302
v3.25.4
Strategic Investments - Summary of Strategic Investments (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Thousands
Dec. 31, 2025
Dec. 31, 2024
Equity Method Investments and Joint Ventures [Abstract]    
Initial cost $ 115,761 $ 106,052
Cumulative upward adjustments 145,932 146,201
Cumulative downward adjustments, including impairments (77,956) (63,910)
Carrying value $ 183,737 $ 188,343
v3.25.4
Strategic Investments - Summary of Gain (Loss) on Strategic Investments (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Thousands
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2025
Dec. 31, 2024
Dec. 31, 2023
Equity Method Investments and Joint Ventures [Abstract]      
Gains (losses) recognized on strategic investments sold during the period, net $ 2,109 $ (60) $ 0
Unrealized gains on strategic investments still held at the reporting date 586 334 1,368
Unrealized losses, including impairments, on strategic investments still held at the reporting date (15,304) (7,703) (28,423)
Gains (losses) on strategic investments, net $ (12,609) $ (7,429) $ (27,055)
v3.25.4
Fair Value Measurements - Summary of Financial Assets Measured at Fair Value on Recurring Basis (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Thousands
Dec. 31, 2025
Dec. 31, 2024
Fair Value Assets And Liabilities Measured On Recurring And Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]    
Cash and cash equivalents $ 1,030,435 $ 1,046,534
Cash and cash equivalents 1,030,435 1,046,565
Cash equivalents, Gross Unrealized Gains 0 0
Cash equivalents, Gross Unrealized Losses 0 (31)
Marketable securities, Cost or Amortized Cost   2,315,409
Marketable securities, Gross Unrealized Gains   5,213
Marketable securities, Gross Unrealized Losses   (3,297)
Marketable securities, total estimated fair value 1,900,000 2,317,325
Cash, Equity Securities and Marketable securities, Cost or Amortized Cost 2,924,407 3,361,974
Equity Securities and Marketable securities, Gross Unrealized Gains 6,640 5,213
Equity Securities and Marketable securities, Gross Unrealized Losses (11) (3,328)
Cash, Equity Securities and Marketable Securities, Total Estimated Fair Value 2,931,036 3,363,859
Cash    
Fair Value Assets And Liabilities Measured On Recurring And Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]    
Cash and cash equivalents 399,573 348,251
Level 1 | U.S. government securities    
Fair Value Assets And Liabilities Measured On Recurring And Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]    
Marketable securities, Cost or Amortized Cost 1,796,271 2,186,192
Marketable securities, Gross Unrealized Gains 6,479 4,984
Marketable securities, Gross Unrealized Losses (5) (3,292)
Marketable securities, total estimated fair value 1,802,745 2,187,884
Level 1 | Money Market Funds    
Fair Value Assets And Liabilities Measured On Recurring And Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]    
Cash and cash equivalents 630,862 694,293
Cash and cash equivalents 630,862 694,323
Cash equivalents, Gross Unrealized Gains 0 0
Cash equivalents, Gross Unrealized Losses 0 (30)
Level 1 | U.S. government securities    
Fair Value Assets And Liabilities Measured On Recurring And Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]    
Cash and cash equivalents   3,990
Cash and cash equivalents   3,991
Cash equivalents, Gross Unrealized Gains   0
Cash equivalents, Gross Unrealized Losses   (1)
Level 2    
Fair Value Assets And Liabilities Measured On Recurring And Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]    
Marketable securities, Cost or Amortized Cost 1,893,972  
Marketable securities, Gross Unrealized Gains 6,640  
Marketable securities, Gross Unrealized Losses (11)  
Marketable securities, total estimated fair value 1,900,601  
Level 2 | Corporate debt securities    
Fair Value Assets And Liabilities Measured On Recurring And Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]    
Marketable securities, Cost or Amortized Cost 97,701 129,217
Marketable securities, Gross Unrealized Gains 161 229
Marketable securities, Gross Unrealized Losses (6) (5)
Marketable securities, total estimated fair value $ 97,856 $ 129,441
v3.25.4
Fair Value Measurements - Additional Information (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Thousands
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2025
Dec. 31, 2024
Fair Value Assets And Liabilities Measured On Recurring And Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]    
Marketable securities contractual maturities $ 900,000  
Marketable securities, total estimated fair value 1,900,000 $ 2,317,325
Marketable securities   2,315,409
Level 1 | Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring | Publicly Traded Companies    
Fair Value Assets And Liabilities Measured On Recurring And Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]    
Marketable securities 9,500 12,400
Level 2    
Fair Value Assets And Liabilities Measured On Recurring And Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]    
Marketable securities, total estimated fair value 1,900,601  
Marketable securities 1,893,972  
2025 Notes | Level 2    
Fair Value Assets And Liabilities Measured On Recurring And Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]    
Convertible notes   35,500
2026 Notes | Level 2    
Fair Value Assets And Liabilities Measured On Recurring And Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]    
Convertible notes 45,800 242,700
2027 Notes | Level 2    
Fair Value Assets And Liabilities Measured On Recurring And Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]    
Convertible notes 99,100 998,500
2028 Notes | Level 2    
Fair Value Assets And Liabilities Measured On Recurring And Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]    
Convertible notes 467,900 1,226,600
2030 Notes | Level 2    
Fair Value Assets And Liabilities Measured On Recurring And Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]    
Convertible notes 655,400 $ 635,600
2033 Notes | Level 2    
Fair Value Assets And Liabilities Measured On Recurring And Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]    
Senior notes 1,553,800  
2034 Notes | Level 2    
Fair Value Assets And Liabilities Measured On Recurring And Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]    
Senior notes $ 566,200  
Minimum    
Fair Value Assets And Liabilities Measured On Recurring And Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]    
Marketable securities contractual maturities period 1 year  
Maximum    
Fair Value Assets And Liabilities Measured On Recurring And Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]    
Marketable securities contractual maturities period 5 years  
v3.25.4
Fair Value Measurements - Summary of Gain (Loss) on Securities (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Thousands
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2025
Dec. 31, 2024
Dec. 31, 2023
Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract]      
Gains (losses) recognized on publicly traded equity securities sold during the period, net $ 0 $ 0 $ 11,046
Unrealized gains (losses) on publicly traded equity securities still held at the reporting date, net (5,636) (1,185) (17,731)
Gains (losses) on publicly traded equity securities, net $ (5,636) $ (1,185) $ (6,685)
v3.25.4
Fair Value Measurements - Schedule of Cash, Cash Equivalents, and Restricted Cash (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Thousands
Dec. 31, 2025
Dec. 31, 2024
Dec. 31, 2023
Dec. 31, 2022
Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract]        
Cash and cash equivalents $ 1,030,435 $ 1,046,534 $ 1,780,400  
Restricted cash, included in other assets 962 3,700 2,062  
Total cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash $ 1,031,397 $ 1,050,234 $ 1,782,462 $ 1,423,776
v3.25.4
Income Taxes - Schedule of Domestic and Foreign Components of Pre-Tax Loss (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Thousands
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2025
Dec. 31, 2024
Dec. 31, 2023
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]      
Domestic $ (238,993) $ (280,877) $ (285,330)
Foreign (212,143) (391,349) (1,009,093)
Loss before income taxes $ (451,136) $ (672,226) $ (1,294,423)
v3.25.4
Income Taxes - Schedule of Components of Income Tax (Benefit) Expense (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Thousands
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2025
Dec. 31, 2024
Dec. 31, 2023
Current:      
Federal $ 0 $ 5,216 $ 0
State 4,631 6,811 8,585
Foreign 1,930 13,273 26,727
Total current income tax expense (benefit) 6,561 25,300 35,312
Deferred:      
Federal 1,542 1,595 1,267
State 1,061 1,027 1,061
Foreign 189 (2,292) (9,578)
Total deferred income tax expense (benefit) 2,792 330 (7,250)
Income tax expense (benefit) $ 9,353 $ 25,630 $ 28,062
v3.25.4
Income Taxes - Schedule of the U.S. Statutory Federal Income Tax Rate to Our Effective Tax Rate (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Thousands
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2025
Dec. 31, 2024
Dec. 31, 2023
Amount      
U.S. federal statutory tax rate $ (94,739)    
Total state and local income taxes 2,506    
Changes in valuation allowances 110,612    
Research and development tax credits (92,642)    
Stock-based payment awards 52,357    
Other 8,869    
Changes in unrecognized tax benefits 32,367    
Income tax expense (benefit) $ 9,353 $ 25,630 $ 28,062
Percent      
Tax benefit (expense) computed at the federal statutory rate 21.00% 21.00% 21.00%
Total state and local income taxes (0.60%) 3.90% 2.20%
Differences between U.S. and foreign tax rates on foreign income   (0.30%) 3.30%
Change in valuation allowance (24.50%) (31.00%) (31.50%)
Other benefits (expenses)   (1.00%) (0.60%)
Research and development tax credits 20.60%    
Stock-based payment awards (11.60%)    
Other (2.00%)    
Changes in unrecognized tax benefits (7.20%)    
Total income tax benefit (expense) (2.10%) (3.80%) (2.20%)
United Kingdom      
Amount      
Statutory tax rate $ (1,991)    
Changes in valuation allowances (57,537)    
Other $ (1,534)    
Percent      
Differences between U.S. and foreign tax rates on foreign income 0.40%    
Change in valuation allowance 12.80%    
Other benefits (expenses) 0.30%    
Singapore      
Amount      
Statutory tax rate $ 8,588    
Changes in valuation allowances 37,952    
Other $ 2,240    
Percent      
Differences between U.S. and foreign tax rates on foreign income (1.90%)    
Change in valuation allowance (8.40%)    
Other benefits (expenses) (0.50%)    
Other      
Amount      
Statutory tax rate $ 2,305    
Percent      
Differences between U.S. and foreign tax rates on foreign income (0.50%)    
v3.25.4
Income Taxes - Summary of Reconciliation of Statutory Federal Income Tax Rate (Details)
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2025
Dec. 31, 2024
Dec. 31, 2023
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]      
Tax benefit (expense) computed at the federal statutory rate 21.00% 21.00% 21.00%
State tax benefit (expense), net of federal benefit (0.60%) 3.90% 2.20%
Change in valuation allowance (24.50%) (31.00%) (31.50%)
Differences between U.S. and foreign tax rates on foreign income   (0.30%) 3.30%
Stock-based compensation   (6.40%) (7.00%)
U.S. federal research & development credit benefit   11.00% 8.60%
Acquisitions and divestitures   (1.00%) 1.80%
Other benefits (expenses)   (1.00%) (0.60%)
Total income tax benefit (expense) (2.10%) (3.80%) (2.20%)
v3.25.4
Income Taxes - Schedule of Income Taxes Paid, Net of Refunds, Disaggregated by Jurisdiction (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Thousands
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2025
Dec. 31, 2024
Dec. 31, 2023
Income Taxes [Line Items]      
U.S. federal $ 1,500    
U.S. states and local 2,660    
Foreign      
Total foreign 22,556    
Total income taxes paid 26,716 $ 24,686 $ 30,924
Canada      
Foreign      
Total foreign 1,395    
France      
Foreign      
Total foreign 5,437    
Germany      
Foreign      
Total foreign 6,191    
Israel      
Foreign      
Total foreign 2,950    
Netherlands      
Foreign      
Total foreign 1,453    
Other      
Foreign      
Total foreign $ 5,130    
v3.25.4
Income Taxes - Summary of Significant Components of Net Deferred Tax Balances (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Thousands
Dec. 31, 2025
Dec. 31, 2024
Deferred tax assets:    
Accruals and reserves $ 23,230 $ 16,413
Intangible assets 199,140 139,612
IRC 174 capitalized R&D 440,540 598,669
Stock-based compensation 23,686 58,171
Loss carryforwards 2,865,653 2,757,814
Tax credit carryforwards 1,169,703 1,060,486
Operating lease liabilities 134,620 128,072
Other 97,987 67,958
Total deferred tax assets 4,954,559 4,827,195
Deferred tax liabilities:    
Operating lease right-of-use assets (113,448) (112,907)
Unrealized gains in securities and investments (13,544) (18,333)
Other (20,784) (18,445)
Total deferred tax liabilities (147,776) (149,685)
Total net deferred tax assets before valuation allowance 4,806,783 4,677,510
Valuation allowance (4,808,739) (4,677,088)
Net deferred taxes   $ 422
Net deferred taxes $ (1,956)  
v3.25.4
Income Taxes - Additional Information (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Thousands
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2025
Dec. 31, 2024
Dec. 31, 2023
Dec. 31, 2022
Income Taxes [Line Items]        
Total income tax expense (benefit) $ 9,353 $ 25,630 $ 28,062  
Decrease in unrecognized tax benefits 16,300      
Deferred tax assets, valuation allowance 4,808,739 4,677,088    
Net unrecognized tax benefits 669,552 562,808 $ 513,404 $ 510,669
Other Liabilities        
Income Taxes [Line Items]        
Net unrecognized tax benefits 27,800 $ 35,800    
Federal        
Income Taxes [Line Items]        
Net operating loss carry-forwards $ 6,500,000      
Percentage of taxable income limitation 80.00%      
Federal | Research        
Income Taxes [Line Items]        
Accumulated research tax credits $ 1,000,000      
State        
Income Taxes [Line Items]        
Net operating loss carry-forwards 4,400,000      
State | Research        
Income Taxes [Line Items]        
Accumulated research tax credits 574,800      
Foreign | U.K.        
Income Taxes [Line Items]        
Net operating loss carry-forwards $ 4,900,000      
Percentage of taxable income limitation 50.00%      
Foreign | Singapore        
Income Taxes [Line Items]        
Net operating loss carry-forwards $ 420,000      
v3.25.4
Income Taxes - Summary of Activity Related to Gross Unrecognized Tax Benefits (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Thousands
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2025
Dec. 31, 2024
Dec. 31, 2023
Unrecognized Tax Benefits [Roll Forward]      
Beginning balance of unrecognized tax benefits $ 562,808 $ 513,404 $ 510,669
Additions for current year tax positions 119,255 49,536 46,188
Additions for prior year tax positions 421 1,163 10,171
Reductions for prior year tax positions (3,935) (622) (16,736)
Changes due to lapse of statute of limitations (10,855) (99) (31,786)
Reductions for settlements with taxing authorities 0 0 (4,927)
Changes due to foreign currency translation adjustments 1,858 (574) (175)
Ending balance of unrecognized tax benefits (excluding interest and penalties) 669,552 562,808 513,404
Interest and penalties associated with unrecognized tax benefits 1,791 1,918 967
Ending balance of unrecognized tax benefits (including interest and penalties) $ 671,343 $ 564,726 $ 514,371
v3.25.4
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Thousands
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2025
Dec. 31, 2024
Dec. 31, 2023
AOCI Including Portion Attributable to Noncontrolling Interest, Net of Tax [Roll Forward]      
Equity, Attributable to Parent, Beginning Balance $ 2,450,761 $ 2,414,112  
Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications 22,723    
Amounts reclassified from AOCI 1,275    
Total other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax 23,998 (4,437) $ 21,105
Total stockholders’ equity 2,281,495 2,450,761 2,414,112
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)      
AOCI Including Portion Attributable to Noncontrolling Interest, Net of Tax [Roll Forward]      
Equity, Attributable to Parent, Beginning Balance 2,694 7,131 (13,974)
Total other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax 23,998 (4,437) 21,105
Total stockholders’ equity 26,692 2,694 $ 7,131
Marketable Securities      
AOCI Including Portion Attributable to Noncontrolling Interest, Net of Tax [Roll Forward]      
Equity, Attributable to Parent, Beginning Balance 1,730    
Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications 3,470    
Amounts reclassified from AOCI 1,275    
Total other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax 4,745    
Total stockholders’ equity 6,475 1,730  
Foreign Currency Translation      
AOCI Including Portion Attributable to Noncontrolling Interest, Net of Tax [Roll Forward]      
Equity, Attributable to Parent, Beginning Balance 964    
Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications 19,253    
Amounts reclassified from AOCI 0    
Total other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax 19,253    
Total stockholders’ equity $ 20,217 $ 964  
v3.25.4
Property and Equipment, Net - Summary of Property and Equipment, Net (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Thousands
Dec. 31, 2025
Dec. 31, 2024
Property Plant And Equipment [Line Items]    
Property and equipment, gross $ 948,477 $ 818,011
Less: accumulated depreciation (370,402) (328,923)
Property, Plant and Equipment, Net, Total 578,075 489,088
Computer hardware and software    
Property Plant And Equipment [Line Items]    
Property and equipment, gross 65,466 67,796
Buildings    
Property Plant And Equipment [Line Items]    
Property and equipment, gross 21,486 21,486
Leasehold improvements    
Property Plant And Equipment [Line Items]    
Property and equipment, gross 560,551 450,826
Furniture and equipment    
Property Plant And Equipment [Line Items]    
Property and equipment, gross 259,673 214,619
Construction in progress    
Property Plant And Equipment [Line Items]    
Property and equipment, gross $ 41,301 $ 63,284
v3.25.4
Property and Equipment, Net - Additional Information (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Thousands
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2025
Dec. 31, 2024
Dec. 31, 2023
Property Plant And Equipment [Line Items]      
Depreciation $ 163,633 $ 158,074 $ 168,441
Capital expenditures incurred but not yet paid 32,500 29,300 44,500
Property and Equipment      
Property Plant And Equipment [Line Items]      
Depreciation $ 118,100 $ 98,000 $ 87,300
v3.25.4
Balance Sheet Components (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Thousands
Dec. 31, 2025
Dec. 31, 2024
Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements [Abstract]    
Accrued infrastructure costs $ 327,980 $ 377,022
Deferred revenue 145,210 112,769
Accrued compensation and related expenses 77,812 85,416
Accrued professional fees 71,407 69,618
Accrued revenue share 63,885 84,990
Accrued operating costs 61,315 62,375
Deferred payments for acquisitions 3,789 76,434
Other 220,229 140,630
Total accrued expenses and other current liabilities $ 971,627 $ 1,009,254
v3.25.4
Employee Benefit Plans (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Millions
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2025
Dec. 31, 2024
Dec. 31, 2023
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]      
Benefit plan, maximum eligible contributions per employee, percent 100.00%    
Expense recognized related to matching contributions $ 29.5 $ 29.6 $ 34.0
Maximum      
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]      
Benefit plan, employer matching contribution, percent of employees' base salary 3.00%    
100% Participants Contribution      
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]      
Benefit plan, employer matching contribution percentage 100.00%    
50% Participants Contribution      
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]      
Benefit plan, employer matching contribution percentage 50.00%    
50% Participants Contribution | Maximum      
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]      
Benefit plan, employer matching contribution, percent of employees' base salary 5.00%    
50% Participants Contribution | Minimum      
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]      
Benefit plan, employer matching contribution, percent of employees' base salary 3.00%    
v3.25.4
Related Party Transactions (Details)
$ in Millions
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2025
USD ($)
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]  
Sublease payment amount $ 0.0
Sublease term 6 years
Entity Controlled by CEO  
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]  
Sublease termination option, written notice term 24 months
v3.25.4
Restructuring - Additional Information (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Thousands
3 Months Ended 12 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2023
Dec. 31, 2025
Dec. 31, 2024
Dec. 31, 2023
Restructuring and Related Activities [Abstract]        
Restructuring Incurred Cost Statement Of Income Or Comprehensive Income Extensible Enumeration Not Disclosed Flag   2024 Restructuring    
Percentage of employee reduction in reprioritization plan 3.00%      
Restructuring charges     $ 70,157 $ 40,800
Income tax benefit       $ (5,700)
v3.25.4
Restructuring - Schedule of Restructuring and Related Costs (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Thousands
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2024
Dec. 31, 2023
Restructuring Cost and Reserve [Line Items]    
Restructuring charges $ 70,157 $ 40,800
Severance and Related Charges    
Restructuring Cost and Reserve [Line Items]    
Restructuring charges 55,318  
Stock-Based Compensation Expense    
Restructuring Cost and Reserve [Line Items]    
Restructuring charges 9,402  
Other    
Restructuring Cost and Reserve [Line Items]    
Restructuring charges 5,437  
Cost of revenue    
Restructuring Cost and Reserve [Line Items]    
Restructuring charges 1,121  
Cost of revenue | Severance and Related Charges    
Restructuring Cost and Reserve [Line Items]    
Restructuring charges 932  
Cost of revenue | Stock-Based Compensation Expense    
Restructuring Cost and Reserve [Line Items]    
Restructuring charges 189  
Cost of revenue | Other    
Restructuring Cost and Reserve [Line Items]    
Restructuring charges 0  
Research and development    
Restructuring Cost and Reserve [Line Items]    
Restructuring charges 38,847  
Research and development | Severance and Related Charges    
Restructuring Cost and Reserve [Line Items]    
Restructuring charges 30,845  
Research and development | Stock-Based Compensation Expense    
Restructuring Cost and Reserve [Line Items]    
Restructuring charges 4,801  
Research and development | Other    
Restructuring Cost and Reserve [Line Items]    
Restructuring charges 3,201  
Sales and marketing    
Restructuring Cost and Reserve [Line Items]    
Restructuring charges 19,931  
Sales and marketing | Severance and Related Charges    
Restructuring Cost and Reserve [Line Items]    
Restructuring charges 15,755  
Sales and marketing | Stock-Based Compensation Expense    
Restructuring Cost and Reserve [Line Items]    
Restructuring charges 4,176  
Sales and marketing | Other    
Restructuring Cost and Reserve [Line Items]    
Restructuring charges 0  
General and administrative    
Restructuring Cost and Reserve [Line Items]    
Restructuring charges 10,258  
General and administrative | Severance and Related Charges    
Restructuring Cost and Reserve [Line Items]    
Restructuring charges 7,786  
General and administrative | Stock-Based Compensation Expense    
Restructuring Cost and Reserve [Line Items]    
Restructuring charges 236  
General and administrative | Other    
Restructuring Cost and Reserve [Line Items]    
Restructuring charges $ 2,236  
v3.25.4
Segments and Geographic Information - Schedule of Segment Expenses and Other Items (Details)
$ in Thousands
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2025
USD ($)
segment
Dec. 31, 2024
USD ($)
Dec. 31, 2023
USD ($)
Segment Reporting [Abstract]      
Number of reportable segments | segment 1    
Segment Reporting, Reconciling Item for Operating Profit (Loss) from Segment to Consolidated [Line Items]      
Total revenue $ 5,931,447 $ 5,361,398 $ 4,606,115
Net loss (460,489) (697,856) (1,322,485)
Reportable Segment      
Segment Reporting, Reconciling Item for Operating Profit (Loss) from Segment to Consolidated [Line Items]      
Total revenue 5,931,447 5,361,398 4,606,115
Infrastructure costs 1,584,147 1,441,134 1,171,993
Content and developer partner costs 621,442 634,977 621,971
Advertising partner and other costs 450,508 384,804 297,262
Operating expenses 2,585,871 2,391,878 2,353,312
Stock-based compensation and related payroll and other tax expense 1,058,013 1,069,389 1,359,107
Depreciation and amortization 163,633 154,459 159,999
Other segment items (71,678) (17,387) (35,044)
Net loss $ (460,489) (697,856) (1,322,485)
Restructuring charges   $ 72,100 $ 40,800
v3.25.4
Segments and Geographic Information - Table of Assets by Geographic Information (Details)
$ in Thousands
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2025
USD ($)
country
Dec. 31, 2024
USD ($)
country
Revenues From External Customers And Long Lived Assets [Line Items]    
Total long-lived assets, net $ 1,084,291 $ 1,019,529
Number of individual country exceeded 10% of total property and equipment | country 0 0
United States    
Revenues From External Customers And Long Lived Assets [Line Items]    
Total long-lived assets, net $ 710,984 $ 682,173
United Kingdom    
Revenues From External Customers And Long Lived Assets [Line Items]    
Total long-lived assets, net 245,911 248,243
Rest of world    
Revenues From External Customers And Long Lived Assets [Line Items]    
Total long-lived assets, net $ 127,396 $ 89,113
v3.25.4
Subsequent Events (Details) - Subsequent Event - February 2026 Stock Repurchase Plan - Class A Non-voting Common Stock
Feb. 04, 2026
USD ($)
Subsequent Event [Line Items]  
Stock repurchase program, authorized amount $ 500,000,000
Stock repurchase program, period in force 12 months