Cover - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
Cover - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2022	Feb. 24, 2023	Jun. 30, 2022
Document Information [Line Items]
Document Type	10-K
Document Annual Report	true
Document Period End Date	Dec. 31, 2022
Current Fiscal Year End Date	--12-31
Document Transition Report	false
Entity File Number	001-36105
Entity Registrant Name	EMPIRE STATE REALTY TRUST, INC.
Entity Incorporation, State or Country Code	MD
Entity Tax Identification Number	37-1645259
Entity Address, Address Line One	111 West 33rd Street
Entity Address, Address Line Two	12th Floor
Entity Address, City or Town	New York
Entity Address, State or Province	NY
Entity Address, Postal Zip Code	10120
City Area Code	212
Local Phone Number	850-2600
Entity Well-known Seasoned Issuer	Yes
Entity Voluntary Filers	No
Entity Current Reporting Status	Yes
Entity Interactive Data Current	Yes
Entity Filer Category	Large Accelerated Filer
Entity Small Business	false
Entity Emerging Growth Company	false
ICFR Auditor Attestation Flag	true
Entity Shell Company	false
Entity Public Float			$ 1,143,707
Documents Incorporated by Reference	Portions of Empire State Realty Trust, Inc.'s Proxy Statement for its 2022 Annual Stockholders' Meeting (which is scheduled to be held on May 11, 2023 virtually via a live webcast) to be filed within 120 days after the end of the Registrant's fiscal year are incorporated by reference into Part III of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
Entity Central Index Key	0001541401
Amendment Flag	false
Document Fiscal Year Focus	2022
Document Fiscal Period Focus	FY
Class A Common Stock
Document Information [Line Items]
Title of 12(b) Security	Class A Common Stock, par value $0.01 per share
Trading Symbol	ESRT
Security Exchange Name	NYSE
Entity Common Stock, Shares Outstanding		160,720,076
Class B Common Stock
Document Information [Line Items]
Title of 12(b) Security	Class B Common Stock, par value $0.01 per share
Entity Common Stock, Shares Outstanding		989,862
No Trading Symbol Flag	true

Audit Information	12 Months Ended
Audit Information	Dec. 31, 2022
Audit Information [Abstract]
Auditor Name	Ernst & Young LLP
Auditor Location	New York, New York
Auditor Firm ID	42

Consolidated Balance Sheets - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Commercial real estate properties, at cost:
Land	$ 365,540	$ 336,278
Development costs	8,166	8,131
Building and improvements	3,177,743	3,156,508
Commercial real estate properties, at cost, gross	3,551,449	3,500,917
Less: accumulated depreciation	(1,137,267)	(1,072,938)
Commercial real estate properties, net	2,414,182	2,427,979
Assets held for sale	35,538	0
Cash and cash equivalents	264,434	423,695
Restricted cash	50,244	50,943
Tenant and other receivables	24,102	18,647
Deferred rent receivables	240,188	224,922
Prepaid expenses and other assets	98,114	76,549
Deferred costs, net	187,570	202,437
Acquired below market ground leases, net	329,073	336,904
Right of use assets	28,670	28,892
Goodwill	491,479	491,479
Total assets	4,163,594	4,282,447
Liabilities:
Mortgage notes payable, net	883,705	948,769
Senior unsecured notes, net	973,659	973,373
Unsecured term loan facilities, net	388,773	388,223
Unsecured revolving credit facility	0	0
Accounts payable and accrued expenses	80,729	120,810
Acquired below market leases, net	17,849	24,941
Ground lease liabilities	28,670	28,892
Deferred revenue and other liabilities	76,091	84,358
Tenants’ security deposits	25,084	28,749
Liabilities related to assets held for sale	5,943	0
Total liabilities	2,480,503	2,598,115
Commitments and contingencies
Empire State Realty Trust, Inc. stockholders' equity:
Preferred stock, $0.01 par value per share, 50,000 shares authorized, none issued or outstanding	0	0
Additional paid-in capital	1,055,184	1,150,884
Accumulated other comprehensive loss	7,048	(20,848)
Retained deficit	(109,468)	(133,610)
Total Empire State Realty Trust, Inc.'s stockholders' equity	954,375	998,128
Non-controlling interests in operating partnership	683,310	643,012
Non-controlling interests in other partnerships	15,466	13,252
Private perpetual preferred units:
Total equity	1,683,091	1,684,332
Total liabilities and equity	4,163,594	4,282,447
Class A Common Stock
Empire State Realty Trust, Inc. stockholders' equity:
Common stock	1,601	1,692
Class B Common Stock
Empire State Realty Trust, Inc. stockholders' equity:
Common stock	10	10
Private Perpetual Preferred Units, Series 2019
Private perpetual preferred units:
Private perpetual preferred units	21,936	21,936
Private Perpetual Preferred Units, Series 2014
Private perpetual preferred units:
Private perpetual preferred units	$ 8,004	$ 8,004

Consolidated Balance Sheets (Parenthetical) - $ / shares	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Empire State Realty Trust, Inc. stockholders' equity:
Preferred stock, par value (in USD per share)	$ 0.01	$ 0.01
Preferred stock, shares authorized (in shares)	50,000,000	50,000,000
Preferred stock, shares issued (in shares)	0	0
Preferred stock, shares outstanding (in shares)	0	0
Class A Common Stock
Empire State Realty Trust, Inc. stockholders' equity:
Common stock, par value (in USD per share)	$ 0.01	$ 0.01
Common stock, shares authorized (in shares)	400,000,000	400,000,000
Common stock, shares issued (in shares)	160,139,000	169,221,000
Common stock, shares outstanding (in shares)	160,139,000	169,221,000
Class B Common Stock
Empire State Realty Trust, Inc. stockholders' equity:
Common stock, par value (in USD per share)	$ 0.01	$ 0.01
Common stock, shares authorized (in shares)	50,000,000	50,000,000
Common stock, shares issued (in shares)	990,000	996,000
Common stock, shares outstanding (in shares)	990,000	996,000
Private Perpetual Preferred Units, Series 2019
Empire State Realty Trust, Inc. stockholders' equity:
Private perpetual preferred units, liquidation preference per share (in USD per share)	$ 13.52	$ 13.52
Private perpetual preferred units, issued (in shares)	4,664,038	4,664,000
Private perpetual preferred units, outstanding (in shares)	4,664,000	4,664,000
Private Perpetual Preferred Units, Series 2014
Empire State Realty Trust, Inc. stockholders' equity:
Private perpetual preferred units, liquidation preference per share (in USD per share)	$ 16.62	$ 16.62
Private perpetual preferred units, issued (in shares)	1,560,000	1,560,000
Private perpetual preferred units, outstanding (in shares)	1,560,000	1,560,000

Consolidated Statements of Operations - USD ($) shares in Thousands, $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
Revenues:
Rental revenue	$ 591,048	$ 559,690	$ 563,071
Observatory revenue	105,978	41,474	29,057
Lease termination fees	20,032	16,230	9,416
Third-party management and other fees	1,361	1,219	1,225
Other revenue and fees	8,622	5,481	6,459
Total revenues	727,041	624,094	609,228
Operating expenses:
Property operating expenses	157,935	126,986	136,141
Ground rent expenses	9,326	9,326	9,326
General and administrative expenses	61,765	55,947	62,244
Observatory expenses	31,036	23,206	23,723
Real estate taxes	123,057	119,967	121,923
Impairment charges	0	7,723	6,204
Depreciation and amortization	216,894	201,806	191,006
Total operating expenses	600,013	544,961	550,567
Total operating income (loss)	127,028	79,133	58,661
Other income (expense):
Interest income	4,948	704	2,637
Interest expense	(101,206)	(94,394)	(89,907)
Gain on sale/disposition of properties	33,988	0	0
Loss on early extinguishment of debt	0	(214)	(86)
IPO litigation expense	0	0	(1,165)
Income (loss) before income taxes	64,758	(14,771)	(29,860)
Income tax (expense) benefit	(1,546)	1,734	6,971
Net income (loss)	63,212	(13,037)	(22,889)
Private perpetual preferred unit distributions	(4,201)	(4,201)	(4,197)
Net (income) loss attributable to non-controlling interests:
Non-controlling interests in the Operating Partnership	(22,812)	6,527	10,374
Non-controlling interests in other partnerships	243	0	0
Net income (loss) attributable to common stockholders	$ 36,442	$ (10,711)	$ (16,712)
Total weighted average shares:
Basic (in shares)	165,039	172,445	175,169
Diluted (in shares)	269,948	277,420	283,837
Earnings (loss) per share attributable to common stockholders:
Basic (in USD per share)	$ 0.22	$ (0.06)	$ (0.10)
Diluted (in USD per share)	$ 0.22	$ (0.06)	$ (0.10)

Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
Statement of Comprehensive Income [Abstract]
Net income (loss)	$ 63,212	$ (13,037)	$ (22,889)
Other comprehensive income (loss):
Unrealized gain (loss) on valuation of interest rate swap agreements	40,044	348	(19,322)
Amount reclassified into interest expense	7,230	11,653	8,870
Other comprehensive income (loss)	47,274	12,001	(10,452)
Comprehensive income (loss)	110,486	(1,036)	(33,341)
Net (income) loss attributable to non-controlling interests and private perpetual preferred unitholders	(26,770)	2,326	6,177
Other comprehensive (income) loss attributable to non-controlling interests	(19,573)	(4,536)	4,003
Comprehensive income (loss) attributable to common stockholders	$ 64,143	$ (3,246)	$ (23,161)

Consolidated Statements of Stockholders' Equity - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Total	Class A Common Stock	Class B Common Stock	Total Stockholders' Equity	Common Stock Class A Common Stock	Common Stock Class B Common Stock	Additional Paid-In Capital	Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)	Retained (Deficit) Earnings	Non-controlling Interests	Private Perpetual Preferred Units
Beginning balance (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2019					180,878,000	1,017,000
Beginning balance at Dec. 31, 2019	$ 1,947,913			$ 1,228,520	$ 1,809	$ 10	$ 1,232,433	$ (21,496)	$ 15,764	$ 690,242	$ 29,151
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]
Issuance of private perpetual preferred in exchange for common units	0									(789)	789
Conversion of operating partnership units and Class B shares to Class A shares (in shares)					6,813,000	(7,000)
Conversion of operating partnership units and Class B shares to Class A shares	0			29,863	$ 68		30,170	(375)		(29,863)
Repurchase of common shares (in shares)					(17,279,000)
Repurchases of common shares	(143,713)			(143,713)	$ (172)		(115,997)		(27,544)
Equity compensation:
LTIP Units, net of forfeitures	24,574									24,574
Restricted stock, net of forfeitures (in shares)					143,000
Restricted stock, net of forfeitures	921			921	$ 0		921
Dividends and distributions	(65,047)			(37,181)					(37,181)	(23,669)	(4,197)
Net income (loss)	(22,889)			(16,712)					(16,712)	(10,374)	4,197
Other comprehensive income (loss)	(10,452)			(6,449)				(6,449)		(4,003)
Ending balance (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2020					170,555,000	1,010,000
Ending balance at Dec. 31, 2020	1,731,307			1,055,249	$ 1,705	$ 10	1,147,527	(28,320)	(65,673)	646,118	29,940
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]
Conversion of operating partnership units and Class B shares to Class A shares (in shares)					3,512,000	(14,000)
Conversion of operating partnership units and Class B shares to Class A shares	0			10,426	$ 35		10,384	7		(10,426)
Repurchase of common shares (in shares)					(4,887,000)
Repurchases of common shares	(46,704)			(46,704)	$ (49)		(7,539)		(39,116)
Contributions to consolidated joint venture interests	13,269									13,269
Equity compensation:
LTIP Units, net of forfeitures	19,747									19,747
Restricted stock, net of forfeitures (in shares)					41,000
Restricted stock, net of forfeitures	513			513	$ 1		512
Dividends and distributions	(32,764)			(18,110)					(18,110)	(10,453)	(4,201)
Net income (loss)	(13,037)			(10,711)					(10,711)	(6,527)	4,201
Other comprehensive income (loss)	12,001			7,465				7,465		4,536
Ending balance (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2021		169,221,000	996,000		169,221,000	996,000
Ending balance at Dec. 31, 2021	1,684,332			998,128	$ 1,692	$ 10	1,150,884	(20,848)	(133,610)	656,264	29,940
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]
Conversion of operating partnership units and Class B shares to Class A shares (in shares)					2,304,000	(6,000)
Conversion of operating partnership units and Class B shares to Class A shares	$ 0			4,495	$ 23		4,277	195		(4,495)
Repurchase of common shares (in shares)	(11,571,133)				(11,571,000)
Repurchases of common shares	$ (90,176)			(90,176)	$ (116)		(100,869)		10,809
Contributions to consolidated joint venture interests	224									224
Equity compensation:
LTIP Units, net of forfeitures	20,117									20,117
Restricted stock, net of forfeitures (in shares)					185,000
Restricted stock, net of forfeitures	894			894	$ 2		892
Dividends and distributions	(42,786)			(23,109)					(23,109)	(15,476)	(4,201)
Net income (loss)	63,212			36,442					36,442	22,569	4,201
Other comprehensive income (loss)	47,274			27,701				27,701		19,573
Ending balance (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2022		160,139,000	990,000		160,139,000	990,000
Ending balance at Dec. 31, 2022	$ 1,683,091			$ 954,375	$ 1,601	$ 10	$ 1,055,184	$ 7,048	$ (109,468)	$ 698,776	$ 29,940

Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2022 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2021 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2020 USD ($)
Cash Flows From Operating Activities
Net income (loss)	$ 63,212	$ (13,037)	$ (22,889)
Adjustments to reconcile net income (loss) to net cash provided by operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization	216,894	201,806	191,006
Gain on sale/disposition of properties	(33,988)	0	0
Impairment charges	0	7,723	6,204
Amortization of non-cash items within interest expense	9,799	10,862	9,482
Amortization of acquired above and below-market leases, net	(4,759)	(5,896)	(3,627)
Amortization of acquired below-market ground leases	7,831	7,831	7,831
Straight-lining of rental revenue	(24,562)	(21,078)	(5,238)
Equity based compensation	21,011	20,260	25,495
Settlement of derivative contract	0	0	(20,281)
Loss on early extinguishment of debt	0	214	86
Increase (decrease) in cash flows due to changes in operating assets and liabilities:
Security deposits	(828)	(1,052)	(151)
Tenant and other receivables	(5,306)	2,894	3,881
Deferred leasing costs	(36,909)	(16,090)	(14,464)
Prepaid expenses and other assets	(2,263)	5,814	(11,730)
Accounts payable and accrued expenses	4,705	(99)	(3,305)
Deferred revenue and other liabilities	(3,664)	12,334	19,993
Net cash provided by operating activities	211,173	212,486	182,293
Cash Flows From Investing Activities
Net proceeds from disposition of real estate	11,005	0	0
Additions to building and improvements	(126,268)	(95,037)	(143,118)
Development costs	(35)	(165)	0
Acquisition of real estate property	(115,593)	(117,540)	0
Net cash used in investing activities	(230,891)	(212,742)	(143,118)
Cash Flows From Financing Activities
Proceeds from mortgage notes payable	0	0	180,000
Repayment of mortgage notes payable	(7,504)	(4,091)	(3,938)
Proceeds from unsecured senior notes	0	0	175,000
Proceeds from unsecured term loan	0	0	175,000
Repayment of unsecured term loan	0	0	(50,000)
Proceeds from unsecured revolving credit facility	0	0	550,000
Repayment of unsecured revolving credit facility	0	0	(550,000)
Contributions from consolidated joint ventures	224	0	0
Deferred financing costs	0	(9,486)	(10,135)
Repurchases of common shares	(90,176)	(46,704)	(143,713)
Private perpetual preferred unit distributions	(4,201)	(4,201)	(4,197)
Dividends paid to common stockholders	(23,109)	(18,110)	(37,181)
Distributions paid to noncontrolling interests in the operating partnership	(15,476)	(10,453)	(23,669)
Net cash(used in) provided by financing activities	(140,242)	(93,045)	257,167
Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash	(159,960)	(93,301)	296,342
Cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash—beginning of period	474,638	567,939	271,597
Cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash—end of period	314,678	474,638	567,939
Reconciliation of Cash and Cash Equivalents and Restricted Cash:
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period	423,695	526,714	233,946
Restricted cash at beginning of period	50,943	41,225	37,651
Cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash—end of period	264,434	423,695	526,714
Restricted cash at end of period	50,244	50,943	41,225
Cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash	314,678	474,638	567,939
Supplemental disclosures of cash flow information:
Cash paid for interest	91,012	77,610	75,416
Cash paid for income taxes	200	644	1,282
Non-cash investing and financing activities:
Building and improvements included in accounts payable and accrued expenses	44,293	49,247	58,057
Write-off of fully depreciated assets	35,124	31,341	79,527
Derivative instruments at fair values included in prepaid expenses and other assets	17,902	0	0
Derivative instruments at fair values included in accounts payable and accrued expenses	0	25,308	8,849
Conversion of operating partnership units and Class B shares to Class A shares	4,495	10,426	29,863
Transfer of assets related to assets held for sale	35,538	0	0
Transfer of liabilities related to assets held for sale	5,943	0	0
Mortgage assumed in connection with sale of real estate	30,117	0	0
Issuance of Series 2019 private perpetual preferred in exchange for common units	0	0	789
Debt assumed with the acquisition of real estate properties	0	177,453	0
Contribution from other partnerships	$ 0	$ 13,269	$ 0

Description of Business and Organization	12 Months Ended
Description of Business and Organization	Dec. 31, 2022
Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements [Abstract]
Description of Business and Organization	Description of Business and Organization As used in these consolidated financial statements, unless the context otherwise requires, “we,” “us,” "our," the "company,” and "ESRT" mean Empire State Realty Trust, Inc. and its consolidated subsidiaries. We are a self-administered and self-managed real estate investment trust, or REIT, that owns, manages, operates, acquires and repositions office, retail and multifamily properties in Manhattan and the greater New York metropolitan area. We were organized as a Maryland corporation on July 29, 2011. As of December 31, 2022, our office and retail portfolio contained 9.7 million rentable square feet of office and retail space, and was 85.2% occupied. Including signed leases not yet commenced, our total office and retail portfolio was 88.6% leased. As of December 31, 2022, we owned 12 office properties (including three long-term ground leasehold interests) encompassing approximately 8.9 million rentable square feet of office space, which were approximately 85.1% occupied or 88.3% leased including signed leases not yet commenced. Nine properties are located in the midtown Manhattan market and encompass approximately 7.6 million rentable square feet of office space, including the Empire State Building. Our Manhattan office and multifamily properties also contain 0.5 million rentable square feet of premier retail space on their ground floor and/or contiguous levels. Three office properties are located in Fairfield County, Connecticut and Westchester County, New York, encompassing approximately 1.3 million rentable square feet. The majority of the square footage for these three properties is located in densely populated metropolitan communities with immediate access to mass transportation. Additionally, we have entitled land at the Stamford Transportation Center in Stamford, Connecticut, adjacent to one of our office properties, that will support the development of an approximately 0.4 million rentable square foot office building and garage, which we refer to herein as Metro Tower. As of December 31, 2022, our commercial portfolio also included four standalone retail properties located in Manhattan and two standalone retail properties located in the city center of Westport, Connecticut, encompassing 0.2 million rentable square feet in the aggregate. On February 1, 2023, the two retail properties in Westport, Connecticut were sold. Note 3 Acquisitions and Dispositions. As of December 31, 2022, our standalone retail properties were 97.6% leased. Additionally, as of December 31, 2022, our portfolio included three multifamily properties located in Manhattan totaling 721 units of which 96.3% were leased. Empire State Realty OP, L.P. (the "Operating Partnership") holds substantially all of our assets and conducts substantially all of our business. As of December 31, 2022, we owned approximately 59.4% of the aggregate operating partnership units in our Operating Partnership. We, as the sole general partner in our Operating Partnership, have responsibility and discretion in the management and control of our Operating Partnership, and the limited partners in our Operating Partnership, in such capacity, have no authority to transact business for, or participate in the management activities of our Operating Partnership. Accordingly, our Operating Partnership has been consolidated by us. We elected to be subject to tax as a REIT and operate in a manner that we believe allows us to qualify as a REIT for federal income tax purposes commencing with our taxable year ended December 31, 2013. We have two entities that elected to be treated as taxable REIT subsidiaries, or TRSs, and are owned by our Operating Partnership. The TRSs, through several wholly owned limited liability companies, conduct third-party services businesses, which include the Empire State Building observatory, cleaning services, cafeteria, restaurant and health clubs, and asset and property management services.

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies	12 Months Ended
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies	Dec. 31, 2022
Accounting Policies [Abstract]
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies	Summary of Significant Accounting Policies Basis of Presentation and Principles of Consolidation The accompanying consolidated financial statements, have been prepared in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”) and with the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission (the "SEC"), represent our assets and liabilities and operating results. The consolidated financial statements include our accounts and our partially owned and wholly owned subsidiaries as well as our Operating Partnership and its subsidiaries. All significant intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation. We consolidate entities in which we have a controlling financial interest. In determining whether we have a controlling financial interest in a partially owned entity and the requirement to consolidate the accounts of that entity, we consider factors such as ownership interest, board representation, management representation, authority to make decisions, and contractual and substantive participating rights of the partners/members as well as whether the entity is a variable interest entity (“VIE”) and whether we are the primary beneficiary. The primary beneficiary of a VIE is the entity that has (i) the power to direct the activities that most significantly impact the entity's economic performance and (ii) the obligation to absorb losses of the VIE or the right to receive benefits from the VIE that could be significant to the VIE. The primary beneficiary is required to consolidate the VIE. Empire State Realty Trust, Inc. has a variable interest in our Operating Partnership, Empire State Realty OP, L.P. and we are deemed to be the primary beneficiary. We also determined that the Operating Partnership has a variable interest in and is the primary beneficiary of ESRT 298 Mulberry, L.L.C. which is the entity through which we acquired a multifamily asset located at 298 Mulberry Street in Manhattan in December 2022 (see Note 3 Acquisitions and Dispositions). We will assess the accounting treatment for each investment we may have in the future. This assessment will include a review of each entity’s organizational agreement to determine which party has what rights and whether those rights are protective or participating. For all VIEs, we will review such agreements in order to determine which party has the power to direct the activities that most significantly impact the entity’s economic performance and benefit. In situations where we or our partner could approve, among other things, the annual budget, or leases that cover more than a nominal amount of space relative to the total rentable space at each property, we would not consolidate the investment as we consider these to be substantive participation rights that result in shared power of the activities that would most significantly impact the performance and benefit of such joint venture investment. A non-controlling interest in a consolidated subsidiary is defined as the portion of the equity (net assets) in a subsidiary not attributable, directly or indirectly, to a parent. Non-controlling interests are required to be presented as a separate component of equity in the consolidated balance sheets and in the consolidated statements of income by requiring earnings and other comprehensive income to be attributed to controlling and non-controlling interests. Accounting Estimates The preparation of the consolidated financial statements in accordance with GAAP requires management to use estimates and assumptions that in certain circumstances affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities, and the reported revenues and expenses. Significant items subject to such estimates and assumptions include allocation of the purchase price of acquired real estate properties among tangible and intangible assets, determination of the useful life of real estate properties and other long-lived assets, valuation and impairment analysis of commercial real estate properties, goodwill, right-of-use assets and other long-lived assets, estimate of tenant expense reimbursements, valuation of the allowance for doubtful accounts, and valuation of derivative instruments, ground lease liabilities, senior unsecured notes, mortgage notes payable, unsecured revolving credit and term loan facilities, and equity based compensation. These estimates are prepared using management’s best judgment, after considering past, current, and expected events and economic conditions. Actual results could differ from those estimates. Revenue Recognition Rental Revenue Rental revenue includes base rents that each tenant pays in accordance with the terms of its respective lease and is reported on a straight-line basis over the non-cancellable term of the lease which includes the effects of rent steps and rent abatements under the leases. In general, we commence rental revenue recognition when the tenant takes possession of the leased space or controls the physical use of the leased space and the leased space is substantially ready for its intended use. We account for all of our leases as operating leases. Deferred rent receivables, including free rental periods and leasing arrangements allowing for increased base rent payments, are accounted for in a manner that provides an even amount of fixed lease revenues over the respective non-cancellable lease terms. Differences between rental income recognized and amounts due under the respective lease agreements are recognized as an increase or decrease to deferred rent receivables. In addition to base rent, our tenants also generally will pay their pro rata share of increases in real estate taxes and operating expenses for the building over a base year. In some leases, in lieu of paying additional rent based upon increases in building operating expenses, the tenant will pay additional rent based upon increases in an index such as the Consumer Price Index over the index value in effect during a base year, or contain fixed percentage increases over the base rent to cover escalations. We recognize rental revenue of acquired in-place above- and below-market leases at their fair values over the terms of the respective leases, including, for below-market leases, fixed option renewal periods, if any. Lease termination fees are recognized when the fees are determinable, tenant vacancy has occurred, collectability is reasonably assured, we have no continuing obligation to provide services to such former tenants and the payment is not subject to any conditions that must be met or waived. Observatory Revenue Revenues from the sale of observatory tickets are recognized upon admission or ticket expirations. Deferred revenue related to unused and unexpired tickets as of December 31, 2022 and 2021 was $1.4 million and $0.9 million, respectively, and is included in deferred revenue and other liabilities on the consolidated balance sheets. Gains on Sale/Disposition of Real Estate We record a gain on sale of real estate pursuant to provisions under Accounting Standards Codification (ASC) 610-20, Gains and Losses from the Derecognition of Nonfinancial Assets. Under ASC 610-20, we must first determine whether the transaction is a sale to a customer or non-customer. We do not sell real estate within the ordinary course of our business and therefore, expect that sale transactions will not be contracts with customers. We will next determine whether we would have a controlling financial interest in the property after the sale. If we determine that we do not have a controlling financial interest in the real estate, we would evaluate whether a contract exists under ASC 606 Revenue from Contracts with Customers and whether the buyer has obtained control of the asset that was sold. We recognize the full gain on sale of real estate when the derecognition criteria under ASC 610-20 have been met. Third-Party Management and Other Fees We earn revenue arising from contractual agreements with related party entities for asset and property management services. This revenue is recognized as the related services are performed under the respective agreements in place. Other Revenues and Fees Other revenues and fees includes parking income, legal, tax and insurance settlements, demand response energy use earnings and sales from our restaurant at the Empire State Building. Advertising and Marketing Costs Advertising and marketing costs are expensed as incurred. The expense for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021, and 2020 was $10.8 million, $7.9 million and $7.4 million, respectively, and is included within operating expenses in our consolidated statements of operations. Real Estate Properties and Related Intangible Assets Land and buildings and improvements are recorded at cost less accumulated depreciation and amortization. The recorded cost includes cost of acquisitions, development and construction and tenant allowances and improvements. Expenditures for ordinary repairs and maintenance are charged to property operating expense as incurred. Significant replacements and betterments which improve or extend the life of the asset are capitalized. Tenant improvements which improve or extend the life of the asset are capitalized. If a tenant vacates its space prior to the contractual termination of its lease, the unamortized balance of any tenant improvements are written off if they are replaced or have no future value. For developed properties, direct and indirect costs that clearly relate to projects under development are capitalized. Costs include construction costs, professional services such as architectural and legal costs, capitalized interest and direct payroll costs. We begin capitalization when the project is probable. The assets relating to the project are stated at cost and are not depreciated. Once construction is completed and the assets are placed in service, the assets are reclassified to the appropriate asset class and depreciated in accordance with the useful lives as indicated below. Capitalization of interest ceases when the asset is ready for its intended use, which is generally near the date that a certificate of occupancy is obtained. There was no capitalized interest for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021. Depreciation and amortization are computed using the straight-line method for financial reporting purposes. Buildings and improvements are depreciated over the shorter of 39 years, the useful life, or the remaining term of any leasehold interest. Tenant improvement costs, which are included in building and improvements in the consolidated balance sheets, are depreciated over the shorter of (i) the related remaining lease term or (ii) the life of the improvement. Corporate and other equipment is depreciated over three to seven years. Acquisitions of properties are accounted for utilizing the acquisition method and accordingly the purchase cost is allocated to tangible and intangible assets and liabilities based on their fair values. The fair value of tangible assets acquired is determined by valuing the property as if it were vacant, applying methods similar to those used by independent appraisers of income-producing property. The resulting value is then allocated to land, buildings and improvements, and tenant improvements based on our determination of the fair value of these assets. The assumptions used in the allocation of fair values to assets acquired are based on our best estimates at the time of evaluation. Fair value is assigned to above-market and below-market leases based on the difference between (a) the contractual amounts to be paid by the tenant based on the existing lease and (b) our estimate of current market lease rates for the corresponding in-place leases, over the remaining terms of the in-place leases. Capitalized above-market lease amounts are amortized as a decrease to rental revenue over the remaining terms of the respective leases. Capitalized below-market lease amounts are amortized as an increase to rental revenue over the remaining terms of the respective leases. If a tenant vacates its space prior to the contractual termination of the lease and no rental payments are being made on the lease, any unamortized balance of the related intangible will be written off. The aggregate value of other acquired intangible assets consists of acquired ground leases and acquired in-place leases and tenant relationships. The fair value allocated to acquired in-place leases consists of a variety of components including, but not necessarily limited to: (a) the value associated with avoiding the cost of originating the acquired in-place leases (i.e. the market cost to execute a lease, including leasing commissions, if any); (b) the value associated with lost revenue related to tenant reimbursable operating costs estimated to be incurred during the assumed lease-up period (i.e. real estate taxes, insurance and other operating expenses); (c) the value associated with lost rental revenue from existing leases during the assumed lease-up period; and (d) the value associated with any other inducements to secure a tenant lease. We assess the potential for impairment of our long-lived assets, including real estate properties, annually or whenever events occur or a change in circumstances indicate that the recorded value might not be fully recoverable. We determine whether impairment in value has occurred by comparing the estimated future undiscounted cash flows expected from the use and eventual disposition of the asset to its carrying value. If the undiscounted cash flows do not exceed the carrying value, the real estate is adjusted to fair value and an impairment loss is recognized. Assets held for sale are recorded at the lower of cost or fair value less costs to sell and depreciation expense is no longer recorded. During the fourth quarter 2021, we suspended debt service related to a $30 million mortgage secured by our property in Norwalk, Connecticut and we identified this action as an indicator of impairment. We concluded that the cost basis of the asset exceeded its fair value when considering our reduced holding period given our intent to transfer property ownership to the lender. As such, we incurred a $7.7 million impairment charge in the year ended December 31, 2021. Our methodology to calculate the fair value of the property involved a combination of the discounted cash flow method, utilizing Level 3 unobservable inputs such as market capitalization rates obtained from external sources, and the market-based approach utilizing recent sales comparables. During April 2022, we transferred 383 Main Avenue, Norwalk CT back to the lender in a consensual foreclosure. Refer to Note 3 Acquisitions and Dispositions. We do not believe that the value of any of our other properties and intangible assets were impaired during the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020. Cash and Cash Equivalents Cash and cash equivalents consist of cash on hand, government money markets, demand deposits with financial institutions and short-term liquid investments with original maturities of three months or less when purchased. Cash and cash equivalents held at major commercial banks may at times exceed the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation limit. To date, we have not experienced any losses on our invested cash. Restricted Cash Restricted cash consists of amounts held for tenants in accordance with lease agreements such as security deposits and amounts held by lenders and/or escrow agents to provide for future real estate tax expenditures and insurance expenditures, tenant vacancy related costs and debt service obligations. Short-term Investments Short-term investments include time deposits with original maturities of greater than three months and remaining maturities of less than one year. Tenant and Other Receivables Tenant and other receivables, other than deferred rent receivable, are generally expected to be collected within one year. Deferred Leasing Costs Deferred leasing costs consist of fees incurred to initiate and renew leases, are amortized on a straight-line basis over the related lease term and the expense is included in depreciation and amortization in our consolidated statements of income. Upon the early termination of a lease, unamortized deferred leasing costs are charged to expense. Deferred Financing Costs Fees and costs incurred to obtain long-term financing have been deferred and are amortized as a component of interest expense in our consolidated statements of income over the life of the respective long-term financing on the straight-line method which approximates the effective interest method. Unamortized deferred financing costs are expensed when the associated debt is refinanced or repaid before maturity. Costs incurred in seeking debt, which do not close, are expensed in the period in which it is determined that the financing will not close. Equity Method Investments We account for investments under the equity method of accounting where we do not have control but have the ability to exercise significant influence. Under this method, investments are recorded at cost, and the investment accounts are adjusted for our share of the entities’ income or loss and for distributions and contributions. Equity income (loss) is allocated based on the portion of the ownership interest that is controlled by us. The agreements may designate different percentage allocations among investors for profits and losses; however, our recognition of the entity’s income or loss generally follows the entity’s distribution priorities, which may change upon the achievement of certain investment return thresholds. To the extent that we contributed assets to an entity, our investment in the entity is recorded at cost basis in the assets that were contributed to the entity. Upon contributing assets to an entity, we make a judgment as to whether the economic substance of the transaction is a sale. In accordance with the provisions of ASC 610-20, we will recognize a full gain on both the retained and sold portions of real estate contributed or sold to an entity by recognizing our new equity method investment interest at fair value. To the extent that the carrying amount of these investments on our combined balance sheets is different than the basis reflected at the entity level, the basis difference would be amortized over the life of the related asset and included in our share of equity in net income of the entity. On a periodic basis, we assess whether there are any indicators that the carrying value of our investments in entities may be impaired on an other than temporary basis. An investment is impaired only if management’s estimate of the fair value of the investment is less than the carrying value of the investment on an other than temporary basis. To the extent impairment has occurred, the loss shall be measured as the excess of the carrying value of the investment over the fair value of the investment. As of December 31, 2022 and 2021, we had no equity method investments. Goodwill Goodwill is tested annually for impairment and is tested for impairment more frequently if events and circumstances indicate that the asset might be impaired. An impairment loss is recognized to the extent that the carrying amount, including goodwill, exceeds the reporting unit’s fair value and the implied fair value of goodwill is less than the carrying amount of that goodwill. Non-amortizing intangible assets, such as trade names and trademarks, are subject to an annual impairment test based on fair value and amortizing intangible assets are tested whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount may not be recoverable. Fair Value Fair value is a market-based measurement, not an entity-specific measurement, and should be determined based on the assumptions that market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability. As a basis for considering market participant assumptions in fair value measurements, the FASB guidance establishes a fair value hierarchy that distinguishes between market participant assumptions based on market data obtained from sources independent of the reporting entity (observable inputs that are classified within levels one and two of the hierarchy) and the reporting entity's own assumptions about market participant assumptions (unobservable inputs classified within Level 3 of the hierarchy). The methodologies used for valuing financial instruments have been categorized into three broad levels as follows: Level 1 - Quoted prices in active markets for identical instruments. Level 2 - Valuations based principally on other observable market parameters, including: •Quoted prices in active markets for similar instruments; •Quoted prices in less active or inactive markets for identical or similar instruments; •Other observable inputs (such as risk free interest rates, yield curves, volatilities, prepayment speeds, loss severities, credit risks and default rates); and •Market corroborated inputs (derived principally from or corroborated by observable market data). Level 3 - Valuations based significantly on unobservable inputs, including: •Valuations based on third-party indications (broker quotes or counterparty quotes) which were, in turn, based significantly on unobservable inputs or were otherwise not supportable; and •Valuations based on internal models with significant unobservable inputs. These levels form a hierarchy. We follow this hierarchy for our financial instruments measured or disclosed at fair value on a recurring and nonrecurring basis and other required fair value disclosures. The classifications are based on the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement. We use the following methods and assumptions in estimating fair value disclosures for financial instruments. Cash and cash equivalents, restricted cash, short term investments, tenant and other receivables, prepaid expenses and other assets, deferred revenue, tenant security deposits, accounts payable and accrued expenses carrying values approximate their fair values due to the short term maturity of these instruments. The fair value of derivative instruments is determined using widely accepted valuation techniques, including discounted cash flow analysis on the expected cash flows of each derivative. Although the majority of the inputs used to value our derivatives fall within Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy, the credit valuation adjustments associated with our derivatives utilize Level 3 inputs, such as estimates of current credit spreads to evaluate the likelihood of default by ourselves and our counterparties. The impact of such credit valuation adjustments, determined based on the fair value of each individual contract, was not significant to the overall valuation. As a result, all of our derivatives were classified as Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy. The fair value of our mortgage notes payable, senior unsecured notes - Series A, B, C, D, E, F, G and H, and unsecured term loan facilities which are determined using Level 3 inputs, are estimated by discounting the future cash flows using current interest rates at which similar borrowings could be made to us. Derivative Instruments We are exposed to the effect of interest rate changes and manage these risks by following policies and procedures including the use of derivatives. To manage exposure to interest rates, derivatives are used primarily to fix the rate on debt based on floating-rate indices. We record all derivatives on the balance sheet at fair value. We incorporate credit valuation adjustments to appropriately reflect both our own nonperformance risk and the respective counterparty’s nonperformance risk in the fair value measurements. We measure the credit risk of our derivative instruments that are subject to master netting agreements on a net basis by counterparty portfolio. For derivatives that qualify as cash flow hedges, we report the gain or loss on the derivative designated as a hedge as part of other comprehensive income (loss) and subsequently reclassify the gain or loss into income in the period that the hedged transaction affects income. Income Taxes We elected to be subject to tax as a REIT under sections 856 through 860 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, (the "Code"), commencing with the taxable year ended December 31, 2013 and believe that our intended manner of operations will enable us to continue to meet the requirements for qualification and taxation as a REIT. REITs are subject to a number of organizational and operational requirements, including a requirement that 90% of ordinary “REIT taxable income” (as determined without regard to the dividends paid deduction or net capital gains) be distributed. As a REIT, we will generally not be subject to U.S. federal income tax to the extent that we meet the organizational and operational requirements and our distributions equal or exceed REIT taxable income. For all periods subsequent to the effective date of our REIT election, we have met the organizational and operational requirements and distributions have exceeded net taxable income. Accordingly, no provision has been made for federal income taxes. We have elected to treat ESRT Observatory TRS, L.L.C., our subsidiary that holds our observatory operations, and ESRT Holdings TRS, L.L.C., our subsidiary that holds our third party management, restaurant, cafeteria, health clubs and certain cleaning operations, as taxable REIT subsidiaries. Taxable REIT subsidiaries may participate in non-real estate activities and/or perform non-customary services for tenants and their operations are generally subject to regular corporate income taxes. Our taxable REIT subsidiaries accounts for its income taxes in accordance with GAAP, which includes an estimate of the amount of taxes payable or refundable for the current year and deferred tax liabilities and assets for the future tax consequences of events that have been recognized in our financial statements or tax returns. The calculation of the taxable REIT subsidiaries' tax provisions may require interpreting tax laws and regulations and could result in the use of judgments or estimates which could cause its recorded tax liability to differ from the actual amount due. Deferred income taxes reflect the net tax effects of temporary differences between the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities for financial reporting purposes and the amounts used for income tax purposes. The taxable REIT subsidiaries periodically assess the realizability of deferred tax assets and the adequacy of deferred tax liabilities, including the results of local, state, or federal statutory tax audits or estimates and judgments used. We apply provisions for measuring and recognizing tax benefits associated with uncertain income tax positions. Penalties and interest, if incurred, would be recorded as a component of income tax expense. As of December 31, 2022 and 2021, we do not have a liability for uncertain tax positions. As of December 31, 2022, the tax years ended December 31, 2019 through December 31, 2022 remain open for an audit by the Internal Revenue Service, state or local authorities. Share-Based Compensation Share-based compensation for time-based equity awards is measured at the fair value of the award on the date of grant and recognized as an expense on a straight-line basis over the shorter of (i) the stated vesting period, which is generally three, four or five years, or (ii) the period from the date of grant to the date the employee becomes retirement eligible, which may occur upon grant. An employee is retirement eligible when the employee attains the (i) age of 65 for awards granted in 2020 and after and age of 60 for awards granted before 2020 and (ii) the date on which the employee has first completed ten years of continuous service with us or our affiliates. Share-based compensation for market-based equity awards and performance-based equity awards is measured at the fair value of the award on the date of grant and recognized as an expense on a straight-line basis over three or four years. Additionally, for the performance-based equity awards, we assess, at each reporting period, whether it is probable that the performance conditions will be satisfied. We recognize expense respective to the number of awards we expect to vest at the conclusion of the measurement period. Changes in estimate are accounted for in the period of change through a cumulative catch-up adjustment. Any forfeitures of share-based compensation awards are recognized as they occur. The determination of fair value of these awards is subjective and involves significant estimates and assumptions including expected volatility of our stock, expected dividend yield, expected term, and assumptions of whether these awards will achieve parity with other Operating Partnership units or achieve performance thresholds. We believe that the assumptions and estimates utilized are appropriate based on the information available to management at the time of grant. Per Share Data Basic and diluted earnings per share are computed based upon the weighted average number of shares outstanding during the respective period. Segment Reporting We have identified two reportable segments: (1) Real Estate and (2) Observatory. Our real estate segment includes all activities related to the ownership, management, operation, acquisition, repositioning and disposition of our real estate assets. Our observatory segment operates the 86th and 102nd floor observatories at the Empire State Building. These two lines of businesses are managed separately because each business requires different support infrastructures, provides different services and has dissimilar economic characteristics such as investments needed, stream of revenues and different marketing strategies. We account for intersegment sales and rent as if the sales or rent were to third parties, that is, at current market prices. Recently Issued or Adopted Accounting Standards During March 2020, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update ("ASU") 2020-04, Reference Rate Reform (Topic 848). ASU 2020-04 contains practical expedients for reference rate reform related activities that impact debt, leases, derivatives and other contracts. The guidance in ASU 2020-04 is optional and may be elected over time as reference rate reform activities occur. During the first quarter 2020, we elected to apply the hedge accounting expedients related to probability and the assessments of effectiveness for future LIBOR-indexed cash flows to assume that the index upon which future hedged transactions will be based matches the index on the corresponding derivatives. Application of these expedients preserves the presentation of derivatives consistent with past presentation. We continue to evaluate the impact of the guidance and may apply other elections as applicable as additional changes in the market occur. In December 2022, the FASB issued ASU 2022-06, Reference Rate Reform (Topic 848) Deferral of the Sunset Date of Topic 848 which defers the sunset date of ASU 2022-04, Reference Rate Reform (Topic 848): Facilitation of the Effects of Reference Rate Reform to December 31, 2024. ASU 2022-06 is effective immediately for all companies. ASU 2022-06 did not have an impact on our consolidated financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2022.

Acquisitions and Dispositions

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2022

Business Combination and Dispositions [Abstract]

Acquisitions and Dispositions

Acquisitions

On December 20, 2022, we closed on the acquisition of a 100% free-market, full service multifamily asset located at 298 Mulberry Street in Manhattan for a purchase price of $114.9 million. 298 Mulberry Street is located at the intersection of East Houston Street and Mulberry Street, walking distance to New York University’s campus in the NoHo neighborhood of Manhattan. In addition to the 96 residential units, the property also contains retail space leased to CVS and a garage. The purchase price is the fair value at the date of acquisition.

On December 22, 2021, we acquired 90% of two multifamily assets located in Manhattan, the Victory (561 10th Avenue) and 345 East 94th Street, previously owned by a joint venture of Fetner Properties and an institutional owner. The total transaction value was $307.0 million, inclusive of $134.0 million of debt on the Victory, that matures in 2033 and has an effective interest rate of 3.85%, and $52.0 million of debt on 345 East 94th Street, that matures in 2030 and has an effective interest rate of 3.56%. Fetner Properties retained a 10% equity stake and continues to manage onsite operations. We will asset manage the properties and have control over all decision making through our voting interests in each entity. Additionally, we have the right to assume day-to-day management for no additional consideration. The fair value of the non-controlling interest retained by Fetner Properties was equivalent to 10%, the equity stake they retained, of the gross purchase price less their pro-rata share of the debt assumed. The purchase price of the non-controlling interest is its fair value at the date of acquisition.

Assets and liabilities acquired are as follows (amounts in thousands):


						Intangibles
	Date Acquired	Land		Building and Improvements		Assets		Liabilities		Total *
298 Mulberry Street	12/20/2022	$	40,935	$	69,508	$	5,300	$	(150)	$	115,593
The Victory	12/22/2021	91,437		124,997		13,573		(19,895)		210,112
345 East 94th St.	12/22/2021	44,228		55,766		4,824		(5,491)		99,327
*Includes total capitalized transaction costs of $3.1 million.

Dispositions

During April 2022, we transferred 383 Main Avenue, Norwalk CT, which was encumbered by a $30.0 million mortgage, back to the lender in a consensual foreclosure and recognized a non-cash gain of $27.2 million, which is included in Gain on sale/disposition of properties in our condensed consolidated statement of operations. Prior to the consummation of this transaction, in December 2021, we recorded a $7.7 million impairment charge on the property as we had concluded the cost basis of the asset exceeded its fair value given our reduced holding period and new intent to transfer property ownership to the lender.

On December 7, 2022, we closed on the sale of 10 Bank Street in White Plains, NY, which was encumbered by a $30.0 million mortgage, at a gross asset valuation of $42.0 million and recorded a gain of $6.8 million, which is included in Gain on sale/disposition of properties in our consolidated statement of operations.

In December 2022, we also entered into a purchase and sale agreement for 500 Mamaroneck Avenue in Harrison, NY at a gross asset valuation of $53.0 million. This transaction is expected to close in the first quarter of 2023, subject to customary closing conditions. The assets and related liabilities of the 500 Mamaroneck property are classified as held for sale in our consolidated balance sheet as of December 31, 2022 having met the held for sale criteria set forth in ASC 360 Property, Plant, and Equipment.

Subsequent to the year ended December 31, 2022, on February 1, 2023 we closed on the sale of 69-97 and 103-107 Main Street in Westport, Connecticut at a gross asset valuation of $40.0 million. The Westport sale was a related party transaction approved in accordance with the Company's protocols. See Note 11 Related Party Transactions.

Deferred Costs, Acquired Lease Intangibles and Goodwill

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2022

Deferred Costs, Capitalized, Prepaid, and Other Assets Disclosure [Abstract]

Deferred Costs, Acquired Lease Intangibles and Goodwill

Deferred costs, net, consisted of the following at December 31, 2022 and 2021 (amounts in thousands):


	2022		2021
Leasing costs	$	218,707	$	211,189
Acquired in-place lease value and deferred leasing costs	160,683		166,491
Acquired above-market leases	27,833		33,289
	407,223		410,969
Less: accumulated amortization	(223,246)		(215,764)
Total deferred costs, net, excluding net deferred financing costs	$	183,977	$	195,205

At December 31, 2022 and 2021, $5.0 million and $7.2 million, respectively, of net deferred financing costs associated with the unsecured revolving credit facility was included in deferred costs, net on the consolidated balance sheets.

Amortization expense related to deferred leasing and acquired deferred leasing costs was $25.4 million, $28.6 million, and $24.8 million, for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021, and 2020, respectively. Amortization expense related to acquired lease intangibles was $11.8 million, $10.5 million and $7.6 million for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020, respectively.

Amortizing acquired intangible assets and liabilities consisted of the following at December 31, 2022 and 2021 (amounts in thousands):


	2022		2021
Acquired below-market ground leases	$	396,916	$	396,916
Less: accumulated amortization	(67,843)		(60,012)
Acquired below-market ground leases, net	$	329,073	$	336,904


	2022		2021
Acquired below-market leases	$	(64,656)	$	(65,403)
Less: accumulated amortization	46,807		40,462
Acquired below-market leases, net	$	(17,849)	$	(24,941)

Rental revenue related to the amortization of below market leases, net of above market leases was $4.8 million, $5.9 million and $3.6 million for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020, respectively. The remaining weighted-average amortization period as of December 31, 2022 is 22.6 years, 3.5 years, 3.7 years and 3.1 years for below-market ground leases, in-place leases and deferred leasing costs, above-market leases and below-market leases, respectively. We expect to recognize amortization expense and rental revenue from the acquired intangible assets and liabilities as follows (amounts in thousands):


For the year ending:	Future Ground Rent Amortization		Future Amortization Expense		Future Rental Revenue
2023	$	7,831	$	10,495	$	2,450
2024	7,831		7,140		1,913
2025	7,831		6,292		1,891
2026	7,831		5,406		1,093
2027	7,831		4,742		859
Thereafter	289,918		7,824		528
	$	329,073	$	41,899	$	8,734

As of December 31, 2022, we had goodwill of $491.5 million. In 2013, we acquired the interests in Empire State Building Company, L.L.C. and 501 Seventh Avenue Associates, L.L.C. for an amount in excess of their net tangible and identified intangible assets and liabilities and as a result we recorded goodwill related to the transaction. Goodwill was allocated $227.5 million to the observatory operations of the Empire State Building, $250.8 million to Empire State Building, and $13.2 million to 501 Seventh Avenue.

From the quarter ended June 30, 2020 and for each subsequent quarter through our annual goodwill testing in October 2022, we bypassed the optional qualitative goodwill impairment assessment and proceeded directly to a quantitative assessment of the observatory reportable segment and engaged a third-party valuation consulting firm to perform the valuation process. This was done in response to the closure of the observatory on March 16, 2020, due to the COVID-19 pandemic, which was subsequently fully reopened on August 24, 2020. The quantitative analysis used a combination of the discounted cash flow method (a form of the income approach) utilizing Level 3 unobservable inputs and the guideline company method (a form of the market approach). Significant assumptions under the former included revenue and cost projections, weighted average cost of capital, long-term growth rate and income tax considerations while the latter included guideline company enterprise values, revenue multiples and control premium rates. Our methodology to review goodwill impairment, which included a significant amount of judgment and estimates, provided a reasonable basis to determine whether impairment had occurred. Each quantitative analysis performed concluded the fair value of the standalone observatory reporting unit exceeds its carrying value. Many of the factors employed in determining whether or not goodwill is impaired are outside of our control, and it is reasonably likely that assumptions and estimates will change in future periods. We will continue to assess the impairment of the observatory reporting unit goodwill going forward.

Debt

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2022

Debt Disclosure [Abstract]

Debt

Debt consisted of the following as of December 31, 2022 and 2021 (amounts in thousands):


					As of December 31, 2022
	Principal Balance as of December 31, 2022		Principal Balance as of December 31, 2021		Stated Rate		Effective Rate(1)		Maturity Date(2)
Fixed rate mortgage debt
Metro Center	$	82,596	$	85,032	3.59	%	3.67	%	11/5/2024
10 Union Square	50,000		50,000		3.70	%	3.97	%	4/1/2026
1542 Third Avenue	30,000		30,000		4.29	%	4.53	%	5/1/2027
First Stamford Place(3)	178,823		180,000		4.28	%	4.73	%	7/1/2027
1010 Third Avenue and 77 West 55th Street	35,831		36,670		4.01	%	4.21	%	1/5/2028
250 West 57th Street	180,000		180,000		2.83	%	3.21	%	12/1/2030
10 Bank Street (4)	—		31,091		—	%	—	%	—
383 Main Avenue(5)	—		30,000		—	%	—	%	—
1333 Broadway	160,000		160,000		4.21	%	4.29	%	2/5/2033
345 East 94th Street - Series A	43,600		43,600		70.0% of LIBOR plus 0.95%		3.56	%	11/1/2030
345 East 94th Street - Series B	7,865		8,650		LIBOR plus 2.24%		3.56	%	11/1/2030


561 10th Avenue - Series A	114,500		114,500		70.0% of LIBOR plus 1.07%		3.85	%	11/1/2033
561 10th Avenue - Series B	17,415		19,250		LIBOR plus 2.45%		3.85	%	11/1/2033

Total fixed rate mortgage debt	900,630		968,793

Senior unsecured notes: (6)
Series A	100,000		100,000		3.93	%	3.96	%	3/27/2025
Series B	125,000		125,000		4.09	%	4.12	%	3/27/2027
Series C	125,000		125,000		4.18	%	4.21	%	3/27/2030
Series D	115,000		115,000		4.08	%	4.11	%	1/22/2028
Series E	160,000		160,000		4.26	%	4.27	%	3/22/2030
Series F	175,000		175,000		4.44	%	4.45	%	3/22/2033
Series G	100,000		100,000		3.61	%	4.89	%	3/17/2032
Series H	75,000		75,000		3.73	%	5.00	%	3/17/2035
Unsecured revolving credit facility (6)(7)	—		—		SOFR plus 1.30%		—	%	3/31/2025
Unsecured term loan facility (6)(7)	215,000		215,000		SOFR plus 1.20%		4.22	%	3/19/2025
Unsecured term loan facility (6)(7)	175,000		175,000		SOFR plus 1.50%		4.51	%	12/31/2026
Total principal	2,265,630		2,333,793
Deferred financing costs, net	(11,748)		(14,881)
Unamortized debt discount	(7,745)		(8,547)
Total	$	2,246,137	$	2,310,365

______________

(1)The effective rate is the yield as of December 31, 2022 and includes the stated interest rate, deferred financing cost amortization and interest associated with variable to fixed interest rate swap agreements.

(2)Pre-payment is generally allowed for each loan upon payment of a customary pre-payment penalty.

(3)Represents a $164 million mortgage loan bearing interest of 4.09% and a $14.8 million loan bearing interest at 6.25%.

(4)10 Bank Street was sold in December 2022.

(5)Ownership of 383 Main Avenue, Norwalk CT was transferred to the lender during April 2022.

(6)At December 31, 2022, we were in compliance with all debt covenants.

(7)As of August 29, 2022, the benchmark index interest rate was converted from LIBOR to SOFR, plus a benchmark adjustment of 10.0 basis points.

Principal Payments

Aggregate required principal payments at December 31, 2022 are as follows (amounts in thousands):


Year	Amortization		Maturities		Total
2023	$	8,632	$	—	$	8,632
2024	8,861		77,675		86,536
2025	6,893		315,000		321,893
2026	7,330		225,000		232,330
2027	6,461		319,000		325,461
Thereafter	22,079		1,268,699		1,290,778
Total principal maturities	$	60,256	$	2,205,374	$	2,265,630

Deferred Financing Costs

Deferred financing costs, net, consisted of the following at December 31, 2022 and 2021 (amounts in thousands):


	2022		2021
Financing costs	$	43,473	$	44,637
Less: accumulated amortization	(26,753)		(22,525)
Total deferred financing costs, net	$	16,720	$	22,112

Amortization expense related to deferred financing costs was $4.9 million, $4.5 million, and $4.1 million, for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020, respectively, and was included in interest expense.

Mortgage Debt

Mortgage debt of $30.0 million on our 383 Main Avenue property in Norwalk, Connecticut was in default as of December 31, 2021. We had suspended debt service as of November 1, 2021 and we identified this action as an indicator of impairment. We concluded that the cost basis of the asset exceeded its fair value when considering our reduced holding period given our intent to transfer property ownership to the lender. We believe this action was in the best interest of our shareholders given the challenging fundamentals of the Norwalk, CT submarket. During the quarter ended December 31, 2021, we had incurred an $7.7 million impairment charge on the same property. Refer to Note 2 Summary of Significant Accounting Policies. During April 2022, we transferred 383 Main Avenue, Norwalk CT back to the lender in a consensual foreclosure. Refer to Note 3 Acquisitions and Dispositions. Except as noted above, we were not in default on any of our loan agreements as of December 31, 2021. We were not in default on any of our loan agreements as of December 31, 2022.

Unsecured Revolving Credit and Term Loan Facilities

On August 29, 2022, through our Operating Partnership, we entered into a third amendment to our amended and restated credit agreement dated August 29, 2017 with Bank of America, N.A., as administrative agent and the other lenders party thereto, which governs our senior unsecured revolving credit facility and term loan facility (collectively, the “BofA Credit Facility”). The BofA Credit Facility is in the initial maximum principal amount of up to $1.065 billion, which consists of a $850.0 million revolving credit facility that matures on March 31, 2025, and a $215.0 million term loan facility that matures on March 19, 2025. The third amendment revised the terms of the BofA Credit Facility to (i) replace LIBOR with SOFR given the phase out of LIBOR and (ii) permit the addition of multifamily assets as Unencumbered Eligible Property (as defined therein) and add a capitalization rate for such assets. As of December 31, 2022, we had no borrowings under the revolving credit facility and $215.0 million under the term loan facility.

On August 29, 2022, through our Operating Partnership, we entered into a second amendment to our credit agreement dated March 19, 2020 with Wells Fargo Bank, National Association, as administrative agent, and the other lenders party thereto, which governs a senior unsecured term loan facility (the “Wells Term Loan Facility”). The Wells Term Loan Facility is in the original principal amount of $175 million and matures on December 31, 2026. The second amendment revised the terms of the Wells Term Loan Facility to (i) replace LIBOR with SOFR given the phase out of LIBOR and (ii) permit the addition of multifamily assets as Unencumbered Eligible Property (as defined therein) and add a capitalization rate for such assets. We may request the Wells Term Loan Facility be increased through one or more increases or the addition of new pari passu term loan tranches, for a maximum aggregate principal amount not to exceed $225 million. As of December 31, 2022, our borrowings amounted to $175.0 million under the Wells Term Loan Facility.

The terms of both the BofA Credit Facility and the Wells Term Loan Facility include customary covenants, including limitations on liens, investment, distributions, debt, fundamental changes, and transactions with affiliates and require certain customary financial reports. It also requires compliance with financial ratios including a maximum leverage ratio, a maximum secured leverage ratio, a minimum fixed charge coverage ratio, a minimum unencumbered interest coverage ratio, and a maximum unsecured leverage ratio. The agreements also contain customary events of default (subject in certain cases to specified cure periods), including but not limited to non-payment, breach of covenants, representations or warranties, cross defaults, bankruptcy or other insolvency events, judgments, ERISA events, invalidity of loan documents, loss of real estate investment trust qualification, and occurrence of a change of control. As of December 31, 2022, we were in compliance with these covenants.

Senior Unsecured Notes

The terms of the senior unsecured notes include customary covenants, including limitations on liens, investment, distributions, debt, fundamental changes, and transactions with affiliates and require certain customary financial reports. It also requires compliance with financial ratios including a maximum leverage ratio, a maximum secured leverage ratio, a minimum fixed charge coverage ratio, a minimum unencumbered interest coverage ratio, and a maximum unsecured leverage ratio. The agreements also contain customary events of default (subject in certain cases to specified cure periods), including but not limited to non-payment, breach of covenants, representations or warranties, cross defaults, bankruptcy or other insolvency events, judgments, ERISA events, the occurrence of certain change of control transactions and loss of real estate investment trust qualification. As of December 31, 2022, we were in compliance with these covenants.

- Definition

The entire disclosure for information about short-term and long-term debt arrangements, which includes amounts of borrowings under each line of credit, note payable, commercial paper issue, bonds indenture, debenture issue, own-share lending arrangements and any other contractual agreement to repay funds, and about the underlying arrangements, rationale for a classification as long-term, including repayment terms, interest rates, collateral provided, restrictions on use of assets and activities, whether or not in compliance with debt covenants, and other matters important to users of the financial statements, such as the effects of refinancing and noncompliance with debt covenants.

+ References

Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 470
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/topic&trid=2208564

Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 470
-SubTopic 20
-Section 50
-Paragraph 1B
-Subparagraph (h)
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=123466505&loc=SL123495323-112611

Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 470
-SubTopic 20
-Section 50
-Paragraph 1C
-Subparagraph (c)
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=123466505&loc=SL123495334-112611

Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 470
-SubTopic 20
-Section 50
-Paragraph 1I
-Subparagraph (a)
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=123466505&loc=SL123495371-112611

Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 470
-SubTopic 20
-Section 50
-Paragraph 1I
-Subparagraph (d)
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=123466505&loc=SL123495371-112611

Reference 6: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 235
-SubTopic 10
-Section S99
-Paragraph 1
-Subparagraph (SX 210.4-08(c))
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=120395691&loc=d3e23780-122690

Reference 7: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 470
-SubTopic 20
-Section 50
-Paragraph 1B
-Subparagraph (g)
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=123466505&loc=SL123495323-112611

Reference 8: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 470
-SubTopic 20
-Section 50
-Paragraph 1C
-Subparagraph (b)
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=123466505&loc=SL123495334-112611

Reference 9: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 470
-SubTopic 20
-Section 50
-Paragraph 1C
-Subparagraph (a)
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=123466505&loc=SL123495334-112611

Reference 10: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 470
-SubTopic 20
-Section 50
-Paragraph 1E
-Subparagraph (b)
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=123466505&loc=SL123495348-112611

Reference 11: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 470
-SubTopic 20
-Section 50
-Paragraph 1B
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=123466505&loc=SL123495323-112611

Reference 12: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 470
-SubTopic 20
-Section 50
-Paragraph 1I
-Subparagraph (b)
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=123466505&loc=SL123495371-112611

Reference 13: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 470
-SubTopic 20
-Section 50
-Paragraph 1B
-Subparagraph (i)
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=123466505&loc=SL123495323-112611

+ Details

Accounts Payable and Accrued Expenses

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2022

Payables and Accruals [Abstract]

Accounts Payable and Accrued Expenses

Accounts payable and accrued expenses consist of the following as of December 31, 2022 and 2021 (amounts in thousands):


	2022		2021
Accrued capital expenditures	$	44,293	$	49,247
Accounts payable and accrued expenses	32,927		41,664

Interest rate swap agreements liability	—		25,308
Accrued interest payable	3,509		3,460
Due to affiliated companies	—		1,131
Total accounts payable and accrued expenses	$	80,729	$	120,810

Financial Instruments and Fair Values

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2022

Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract]

Financial Instruments and Fair Values

Derivative Financial Instruments

We use derivative financial instruments primarily to manage interest rate risk and such derivatives are not considered speculative. These derivative instruments are typically in the form of interest rate swap and forward agreements and the primary objective is to minimize interest rate risks associated with investing and financing activities. The counterparties of these arrangements are major financial institutions with which we may also have other financial relationships. We are exposed to credit risk in the event of non-performance by these counterparties; however, we currently do not anticipate that any of the counterparties will fail to meet their obligations.

We have agreements with our derivative counterparties that contain a provision where if we either default or are capable of being declared in default on any of our indebtedness, then we could also be declared in default on our derivative obligations. As of December 31, 2022, we did not have any derivatives in a net liability position.

In May 2022, we entered into forward interest rate swaps with an aggregate notional value of $390.0 million that became effective in August 2022 and fixed the interest rate on 100% of our term loans. This replaced the $265.0 million swap which had fixed the interest rate on a portion of our outstanding term loans balance.

As of December 31, 2022 and 2021, we had interest rate LIBOR swaps and caps with an aggregate notional value of $574.8 million and $451.3 million, respectively. The notional value does not represent exposure to credit, interest rate or market risks. As of December 31, 2022 and 2021, the fair value of our derivative instruments amounted to $17.9 million, which is

included in prepaid expenses and other assets and ($25.3 million), which is included in accounts payable and accrued expenses on the consolidated balance sheets. These interest rate swaps have been designated as cash flow hedges and hedge the variability in future cash flows associated with our existing variable-rate term loan facilities. Interest rate caps not designated as hedges are not speculative and are used to manage our exposure to interest rate movements, but do not meet the strict hedge accounting requirements.

As of December 31, 2022 and 2021, our cash flow hedges are deemed highly effective and for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, net unrealized gains of $47.3 million and $12.0 million, respectively, are reflected in the consolidated statements of comprehensive income (loss) relating to both active and terminated cash flow hedges of interest rate risk. Amounts reported in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) related to derivatives will be reclassified to interest expense as interest payments are made on the debt. We estimate that $6.3 million net gain of the current balance held in accumulated other comprehensive loss will be reclassified into interest expense within the next 12 months.

The table below summarizes the terms of agreement and the fair value of our derivative financial instruments as of December 31, 2022 and 2021 (dollar amounts in thousands):


								December 31, 2022				December 31, 2021
Derivative	Notional Amount		Receive Rate	Pay Rate		Effective Date	Expiration Date	Asset		Liability		Asset		Liability
Interest rate swap	$	265,000	1 Month LIBOR	2.1485	%	August 31, 2017	August 24, 2022	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	(3,184)
Interest rate swap	36,820		70% of 1 Month LIBOR	2.5000	%	December 1, 2021	November 1, 2030	256		—		—		(4,527)
Interest rate swap	103,790		70% of 1 Month LIBOR	2.5000	%	December 1, 2021	November 1, 2033	365		—		—		(15,945)
Interest rate swap	10,710		70% of 1 Month LIBOR	1.7570	%	December 1, 2021	November 1, 2033	643		—		—		(754)
Interest rate swap	17,544		1 Month LIBOR	2.2540	%	December 1, 2021	November 1, 2030	1,070		—		—		(898)
Interest rate cap	6,780		70% of 1 Month LIBOR	4.5000	%	December 1, 2021	October 1, 2024	8		—		5		—
Interest rate cap	9,188		1 Month LIBOR	5.5000	%	December 1, 2021	October 1, 2024	26		—		8		—
Interest rate swap	175,000		SOFR Compound	2.5620	%	August 31, 2022	December 31, 2026	8,040		—		—		—
Interest rate swap	107,500		SOFR Compound	2.6260	%	August 19, 2022	March 19, 2025	3,766		—		—		—
Interest rate swap	107,500		SOFR OIS Compound	2.6280	%	August 19, 2022	March 19, 2025	3,762		—		—		—
								$	17,936	$	—	$	13	$	(25,308)

During the year ended December 31, 2020, we terminated a $125.0 million swap and paid a settlement fee of $20.3 million.

The table below shows the effect of our derivative financial instruments designated as cash flow hedges on accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020 (amounts in thousands):


Effects of Cash Flow Hedges	December 31, 2022		December 31, 2021		December 31, 2020
Amount of gain (loss) recognized in other comprehensive income (loss)	$	40,044	$	348	$	(19,322)
Amount of loss reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) into interest expense	(7,230)		(11,653)		(8,870)

The table below shows the effect of our derivative financial instruments designated as cash flow hedges on the consolidated statements of operations for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020 (amounts in thousands):


Effects of Cash Flow Hedges	December 31, 2022		December 31, 2021		December 31, 2020
Total interest expense presented on the consolidated statements of income in which the effects of cash flow hedges are recorded	$	(101,206)	$	(94,394)	$	(89,907)
Amount of loss reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) into interest expense	(7,230)		(11,653)		(8,870)

Fair Valuation

The estimated fair values at December 31, 2022 and 2021 were determined by management, using available market information and appropriate valuation methodologies. Considerable judgment is necessary to interpret market data and develop estimated fair value. Accordingly, the estimates presented herein are not necessarily indicative of the amounts we could realize on disposition of the financial instruments. The use of different market assumptions and/or estimation methodologies may have a material effect on the estimated fair value amounts.

The following tables summarize the carrying and estimated fair values of our financial instruments as of December 31, 2022 and 2021 (amounts in thousands):


	December 31, 2022
	Carrying Value	Estimated Fair Value
		Total	Level 1	Level 2	Level 3

Interest rate swaps included in prepaid expenses and other assets	17,936	17,936	—	17,936	—
Mortgage notes payable	883,705	783,648	—	—	783,648

Senior unsecured notes - Series A, B, C, D, E, F, G and H	973,659	865,292	—	—	865,292
Unsecured term loan facilities	388,773	390,000	—	—	390,000


	December 31, 2021
	Carrying Value	Estimated Fair Value
		Total	Level 1	Level 2	Level 3

Interest rate swaps included in accounts payable and accrued expenses	25,308	25,308	—	25,308	—
Mortgage notes payable	948,769	960,933	—	—	960,933

Senior unsecured notes - Series A, B, C, D, E and F	973,373	994,389	—	—	994,389
Unsecured term loan facility	388,223	390,000	—	—	390,000

Disclosure about the fair value of financial instruments is based on pertinent information available to us as of December 31, 2022 and 2021. Although we are not aware of any factors that would significantly affect the reasonable fair value amounts, such amounts have not been comprehensively revalued for purposes of these financial statements since that date and current estimates of fair value may differ significantly from the amounts presented herein.

- Definition

The entire disclosure for the fair value of financial instruments (as defined), including financial assets and financial liabilities (collectively, as defined), and the measurements of those instruments as well as disclosures related to the fair value of non-financial assets and liabilities. Such disclosures about the financial instruments, assets, and liabilities would include: (1) the fair value of the required items together with their carrying amounts (as appropriate); (2) for items for which it is not practicable to estimate fair value, disclosure would include: (a) information pertinent to estimating fair value (including, carrying amount, effective interest rate, and maturity, and (b) the reasons why it is not practicable to estimate fair value; (3) significant concentrations of credit risk including: (a) information about the activity, region, or economic characteristics identifying a concentration, (b) the maximum amount of loss the entity is exposed to based on the gross fair value of the related item, (c) policy for requiring collateral or other security and information as to accessing such collateral or security, and (d) the nature and brief description of such collateral or security; (4) quantitative information about market risks and how such risks are managed; (5) for items measured on both a recurring and nonrecurring basis information regarding the inputs used to develop the fair value measurement; and (6) for items presented in the financial statement for which fair value measurement is elected: (a) information necessary to understand the reasons for the election, (b) discussion of the effect of fair value changes on earnings, (c) a description of [similar groups] items for which the election is made and the relation thereof to the balance sheet, the aggregate carrying value of items included in the balance sheet that are not eligible for the election; (7) all other required (as defined) and desired information.

+ References + Details

Leases

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2022

Leases [Abstract]

Leases

Lessor

We lease various spaces to tenants over terms ranging from one to 21 years. Certain leases have renewal options for additional terms. The leases provide for base monthly rentals and reimbursements for real estate taxes, escalations linked to the consumer price index or common area maintenance known as operating expense escalation. Operating expense reimbursements are reflected in our December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020 consolidated statements of operations as rental revenue.

Rental revenue includes fixed and variable payments. Fixed payments primarily relate to base rent and variable payments primarily relate to tenant expense reimbursements for certain property operating costs. The components of rental revenue for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020 are as follows (amounts in thousands):


	Year Ended December 31,
	2022		2021		2020
Fixed payments	$	531,740	$	500,847	$	496,515
Variable payments	59,308		58,843		66,556
Total rental revenue	$	591,048	$	559,690	$	563,071

As of December 31, 2022, we were entitled to the following future contractual minimum lease payments (excluding operating expense reimbursements) on non-cancellable operating leases to be received which expire on various dates through 2040 (amounts in thousands):


2023	$	490,849
2024	492,438
2025	464,150
2026	424,881
2027	405,017
Thereafter	1,749,941
	$	4,027,276

The above future minimum lease payments exclude tenant recoveries and the net accretion of above-below-market lease intangibles. Some leases are subject to termination options generally upon payment of a termination fee. The preceding table is prepared assuming such options are not exercised.

Lessee

We determine if an arrangement is a lease at inception. Our operating lease agreements relate to three ground lease assets and are reflected in right-of-use assets of $28.7 million and lease liabilities of $28.7 million in our consolidated balance sheets as of December 31, 2022. Right-of-use assets represent our right to use an underlying asset for the lease term and lease liabilities represent our obligation to make lease payments arising from the lease. Right-of-use assets and liabilities are recognized at the commencement date based on the present value of lease payments over the lease term. Variable lease payments are excluded from the right-of-use assets and lease liabilities and are recognized in the period in which the obligation for those payments is incurred.

We make payments under ground leases related to three of our properties. The ground leases are due to expire between the years 2050 and 2077, inclusive of extension options, and have no variable payments or residual value guarantees. As our leases do not provide an implicit rate, we determined our incremental borrowing rate based on information available at the date of adoption of ASU No. 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842), in determining the present value of lease payments. The weighted average incremental borrowing rate used to calculate the right-of-use assets and lease liabilities as of December 31, 2022 was 4.5%. Rent expense for lease payments related to our operating leases is recognized on a straight-line basis over the non-cancellable term of the leases. The weighted average remaining lease term as of December 31, 2022 was 47.4 years.

As of December 31, 2022, the following table summarizes our future minimum lease payments with the amounts discounted by our incremental borrowing rates to calculate the lease liabilities of our leases (amounts in thousands):


2023	$	1,518
2024	1,518
2025	1,518
2026	1,503
2027	1,482
Thereafter	62,277
Total undiscounted lease payments	69,816
Present value discount	(41,146)
Ground lease liabilities	$	28,670

Leases

Lessor

We lease various spaces to tenants over terms ranging from one to 21 years. Certain leases have renewal options for additional terms. The leases provide for base monthly rentals and reimbursements for real estate taxes, escalations linked to the consumer price index or common area maintenance known as operating expense escalation. Operating expense reimbursements are reflected in our December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020 consolidated statements of operations as rental revenue.

Rental revenue includes fixed and variable payments. Fixed payments primarily relate to base rent and variable payments primarily relate to tenant expense reimbursements for certain property operating costs. The components of rental revenue for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020 are as follows (amounts in thousands):


	Year Ended December 31,
	2022		2021		2020
Fixed payments	$	531,740	$	500,847	$	496,515
Variable payments	59,308		58,843		66,556
Total rental revenue	$	591,048	$	559,690	$	563,071

As of December 31, 2022, we were entitled to the following future contractual minimum lease payments (excluding operating expense reimbursements) on non-cancellable operating leases to be received which expire on various dates through 2040 (amounts in thousands):


2023	$	490,849
2024	492,438
2025	464,150
2026	424,881
2027	405,017
Thereafter	1,749,941
	$	4,027,276

The above future minimum lease payments exclude tenant recoveries and the net accretion of above-below-market lease intangibles. Some leases are subject to termination options generally upon payment of a termination fee. The preceding table is prepared assuming such options are not exercised.

Lessee

We determine if an arrangement is a lease at inception. Our operating lease agreements relate to three ground lease assets and are reflected in right-of-use assets of $28.7 million and lease liabilities of $28.7 million in our consolidated balance sheets as of December 31, 2022. Right-of-use assets represent our right to use an underlying asset for the lease term and lease liabilities represent our obligation to make lease payments arising from the lease. Right-of-use assets and liabilities are recognized at the commencement date based on the present value of lease payments over the lease term. Variable lease payments are excluded from the right-of-use assets and lease liabilities and are recognized in the period in which the obligation for those payments is incurred.

We make payments under ground leases related to three of our properties. The ground leases are due to expire between the years 2050 and 2077, inclusive of extension options, and have no variable payments or residual value guarantees. As our leases do not provide an implicit rate, we determined our incremental borrowing rate based on information available at the date of adoption of ASU No. 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842), in determining the present value of lease payments. The weighted average incremental borrowing rate used to calculate the right-of-use assets and lease liabilities as of December 31, 2022 was 4.5%. Rent expense for lease payments related to our operating leases is recognized on a straight-line basis over the non-cancellable term of the leases. The weighted average remaining lease term as of December 31, 2022 was 47.4 years.

As of December 31, 2022, the following table summarizes our future minimum lease payments with the amounts discounted by our incremental borrowing rates to calculate the lease liabilities of our leases (amounts in thousands):


2023	$	1,518
2024	1,518
2025	1,518
2026	1,503
2027	1,482
Thereafter	62,277
Total undiscounted lease payments	69,816
Present value discount	(41,146)
Ground lease liabilities	$	28,670

Commitments and Contingencies

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2022

Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure [Abstract]

Commitments and Contingencies

Legal Proceedings

Litigation

Except as described below, as of December 31, 2022, we were not involved in any material litigation, nor, to our knowledge, was any material litigation threatened against us or our properties, other than routine litigation arising in the

ordinary course of business such as disputes with tenants. We believe that the costs and related liabilities, if any, which may result from such actions will not materially affect our consolidated financial position, operating results or liquidity.

As previously disclosed, in October 2014, 12 former investors (the "Claimants") in Empire State Building Associates L.L.C. (“ESBA”), which prior to the initial public offering of our company (the "Offering"), owned the fee title to the Empire State Building, filed an arbitration with the American Arbitration Association against Peter L. Malkin, Anthony E. Malkin, Thomas N. Keltner, Jr., and our subsidiary ESRT MH Holdings LLC, the former supervisor of ESBA, (the "Respondents"). The statement of claim (also filed later in federal court in New York for the expressed purpose of tolling the statute of limitations) alleges breach of fiduciary duty and related claims in connection with the Offering and formation transactions and seeks monetary damages and declaratory relief. Claimants had opted out of a prior class action bringing similar claims that was settled with court approval. Respondents filed an answer and counterclaims. In March 2015, the federal court action was stayed on consent of all parties pending the arbitration. Arbitration hearings started in May 2016 and concluded in August 2018. On August 26, 2020, the arbitration panel issued an award that denied all Claimants’ claims with one exception, on which it awarded Claimants approximately $1.2 million, inclusive of seven years of interest through October 2, 2020. This amount was recorded as an IPO litigation expense in the consolidated statement of operations for the year ended December 31, 2020.

Respondents believe that such award in favor of the Claimants is entirely without merit and sought to vacate that

portion of the award. On September 27, 2021, the court denied Respondents' motion to vacate and entered judgement in the

aforementioned amount, inclusive of accumulated interest. Respondents have appealed that ruling. On May 10, 2022, Respondents moved to dismiss the appeal and judgment on the grounds that a recent decision of the United States Supreme Court held that the federal courts have no subject matter jurisdiction over the case. Claimants opposed the motion, which is pending. The appeals court has scheduled argument on the appeal and motion for April 10, 2023. In addition, certain of the Claimants in the federal court action sought to pursue claims in that case against Respondents. Respondents believe that any such claims are meritless. The magistrate judge assigned to the action has issued a Report and Recommendation rejecting Claimants’ claims; the district judge will decide whether to adopt the Report and Recommendation.

Pursuant to indemnification agreements which were made with our directors, executive officers and chairman emeritus as part of our formation transactions, Anthony E. Malkin, Peter L. Malkin and Thomas N. Keltner, Jr. have defense and indemnity rights from us with respect to this arbitration.

Unfunded Capital Expenditures

At December 31, 2022, we estimate that we will incur approximately $118.3 million of capital expenditures (including tenant improvements and leasing commissions) on our properties pursuant to existing lease agreements. We expect to fund these capital expenditures with operating cash flow, additional property level mortgage financings, our unsecured credit facility, cash on hand and other borrowings. Future property acquisitions may require substantial capital investments for refurbishment and leasing costs. We expect that these financing requirements will be met in a similar fashion.

Concentration of Credit Risk

Financial instruments that subject us to credit risk consist primarily of cash and cash equivalents, restricted cash, short-term investments, tenant and other receivables and deferred rent receivables. At December 31, 2022, we held on deposit at various major financial institutions cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash balances in excess of amounts insured by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation.

Real Estate Investments

Our properties are located in Manhattan, New York; Fairfield County, Connecticut; and Westchester County, New York. The latter locations are suburbs of the city of New York. The ability of the tenants to honor the terms of their respective leases is dependent upon the economic, regulatory and social factors affecting the markets in which the tenants operate. We perform ongoing credit evaluations of our tenants for potential credit losses.

Tenant Credit Evaluations

Our investments in real estate properties are subject to risks incidental to the ownership and operation of commercial real estate. These risks include, among others, the risks normally associated with changes in general economic conditions, trends in the real estate industry, creditworthiness of tenants, competition of tenants and customers, changes in tax laws, interest rate levels, the availability and cost of financing, and potential liability under environmental and other laws.

We may require tenants to provide some form of credit support such as corporate guarantees and/or other financial

guarantees and we perform ongoing credit evaluations of tenants. Although the tenants operate in a variety of industries, to the extent we have a significant concentration of rental revenue from any single tenant, the inability of that tenant to make its lease payments could have an adverse effect on our company.

Major Customers and Other Concentrations

For the year ended December 31, 2022, other than two tenants who accounted for 6.4% and 2.0% of rental revenues, no other tenant in our portfolio accounted for more than 2.0% of rental revenues. For the year ended December 31, 2021, other than four tenants who accounted for 4.6%, 3.3%, 2.8% and 2.1% of rental revenues, no other tenant in our commercial portfolio accounted for more than 2.0% of rental revenues. For the year ended December 31, 2020, other than two tenants who accounted for 6.9% and 3.5% of rental revenues, no other tenant in our portfolio accounted for more than 2.0% of rental revenues.

For the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020, the six properties listed below accounted for the highest respective percentages of total rental revenues.


	Year Ended December 31,
	2022		2021		2020
Empire State Building	29.9	%	31.7	%	32.8	%
One Grand Central Place	12.4	%	12.6	%	12.4	%
111 West 33rd Street	11.2	%	11.3	%	10.5	%
1400 Broadway	8.3	%	8.9	%	8.0	%
250 West 57th Street	6.0	%	5.8	%	5.7	%
First Stamford Place	4.7	%	5.2	%	5.4	%

Asset Retirement Obligations

We are required to accrue costs that we are legally obligated to incur on retirement of our properties which result from acquisition, construction, development and/or normal operation of such properties. Retirement includes sale, abandonment or disposal of a property. Under that standard, a conditional asset retirement obligation represents a legal obligation to perform an asset retirement activity in which the timing and/or method of settlement is conditional on a future event that may or may not be within a company’s control and a liability for a conditional asset retirement obligation must be recorded if the fair value of the obligation can be reasonably estimated. Environmental site assessments and investigations have identified asbestos or asbestos-containing building materials in certain of our properties. As of December 31, 2022, management has no plans to remove or alter these properties in a manner that would trigger federal and other applicable regulations for asbestos removal, and accordingly, the obligations to remove the asbestos or asbestos-containing building materials from these properties have indeterminable settlement dates. As such, we are unable to reasonably estimate the fair value of the associated conditional asset retirement obligation. However ongoing asbestos abatement, maintenance programs and other required documentation are carried out as required and related costs are expensed as incurred.

Other Environmental Matters

Certain of our properties have been inspected for soil contamination due to pollutants, which may have occurred prior to our ownership of these properties or subsequently in connection with its development and/or its use. Required remediation to such properties has been completed and, as of December 31, 2022, management believes that there are no obligations related to environmental remediation other than maintaining the affected sites in conformity with the relevant authority’s mandates and filing the required documents. All such maintenance costs are expensed as incurred. We expect that resolution of the environmental matters relating to the above will not have a material impact on our business, assets, consolidated and combined financial condition, results of operations or liquidity. However, we cannot be certain that we have identified all environmental liabilities at our properties, that all necessary remediation actions have been or will be undertaken at our properties or that we will be indemnified, in full or at all, in the event that such environmental liabilities arise.

Insurance Coverage

We carry insurance coverage on our properties of types and in amounts with deductibles that we believe are in line with coverage customarily obtained by owners of similar properties.

Multiemployer Pension and Defined Contribution Plans

We contribute to a number of multiemployer defined benefit pension plans under the terms of collective bargaining agreements that cover our union-represented employees. The risks of participating in these multiemployer plans are different from single-employer plans in the following respects:

•Assets contributed to the multiemployer plan by one employer may be used to provide benefits to employees of other participating employers.

•If a participating employer stops contributing to the plan, the unfunded obligations of the plan may be borne by the remaining participating employers.

•If we choose to stop participating in some of our multiemployer plans, we may be required to pay those plans an amount based on the underfunded status of the plan, referred to as a withdrawal liability.

We participate in various unions. The union in which we have significant employees and costs is 32BJ.

32BJ

We participate in the Building Service 32BJ ("Union") Pension Plan and Health Plan. The Pension Plan is a multi-employer, non-contributory defined benefit pension plan that was established under the terms of collective bargaining agreements between the Service Employees International Union, Local 32BJ, the Realty Advisory Board on Labor Relations, Inc. and certain other employers. This Pension Plan is administered by a joint board of trustees consisting of union trustees and employer trustees and operates under employer identification number 13-1879376. The Pension Plan year runs from July 1 to June 30. Employers contribute to the Pension Plan at a fixed rate on behalf of each covered employee. Separate actuarial information regarding such pension plans is not made available to the contributing employers by the union administrators or trustees, since the plans do not maintain separate records for each reporting unit. On September 28, 2020 and September 28, 2021, the actuary certified that for the plan years beginning July 1, 2020 and July 1, 2021, respectively, the Pension Plan was in critical status under the Pension Protection Act of 2006. The Pension Plan trustees adopted a rehabilitation plan consistent with this requirement. However, on September 28, 2022, the actuary certified that for the plan year beginning July 1, 2022, the Pension Plan was in endangered status under the Pension Protection Act of 2006. The Pension Plan trustees adopted a funding improvement plan consistent with this requirement. For the plan years ended June 30, 2020 and June 30, 2021, the Pension Plan received contributions from employers totaling $291.3 million and $290.1 million, respectively. The Form 5500 is not yet available for the plan year June 30, 2022.

The Health Plan was established under the terms of collective bargaining agreements between the Union, the Realty Advisory Board on Labor Relations, Inc. and certain other employers. The Health Plan provides health and other benefits to eligible participants employed in the building service industry who are covered under collective bargaining agreements, or other written agreements, with the Union. The Health Plan is administered by a Board of Trustees with equal representation by the employers and the Union and operates under employer identification number 13-2928869. The Health Plan receives contributions in accordance with collective bargaining agreements or participation agreements. Generally, these agreements provide that the employers contribute to the Health Plan at a fixed rate on behalf of each covered employee. For the plan years ended June 30, 2020, and June 30, 2021, the Health Plan received contributions from employers totaling $1.6 billion and $1.5 billion, respectively. The Form 5500 is not yet available for the plan year June 30, 2022.

Term of Collective Bargaining Agreements

Our collective bargaining agreement for local 32BJ commenced from January 1, 2020 and runs through December 31, 2023. We are also a signatory to a second collective bargaining agreement for local 32BJ with a term from April 21, 2022 to April 20, 2026 for our residential properties.

Contributions

Contributions we made to the multi-employer plans for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020 are included in the table below (amounts in thousands):


	For the Year Ended December 31,
Benefit Plan	2022		2021		2020
Pension Plans (pension and annuity)*	$	2,958	$	2,165	$	2,383
Health Plans**	8,618		6,214		6,873
Other***	460		305		416
Total plan contributions	$	12,036	$	8,684	$	9,672

* Pension plans include $0.8 million, $0.7 million and $0.8 million for the years ended 2022, 2021 and 2020, respectively, to multiemployer plans not discussed above.

** Health plans include $1.5 million, $1.4 million and $1.4 million for the years ended 2022, 2021 and 2020, respectively, to multiemployer plans not discussed above.

*** Other consists of union costs which were not itemized between pension and health plans. Other includes $0.2 million, $0.2 million and $0.3 million for the years ended 2022, 2021 and 2020, respectively, in connection with other multiemployer plans not discussed above.

The increase in plan contributions in 2022 is mainly due to higher payroll levels as a result of recovery from the COVID-19 pandemic. Benefit plan contributions are included in operating expenses in our consolidated statements of operations.

Equity

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2022

Equity [Abstract]

Equity

Shares and Units

An operating partnership unit ("OP Unit") and a share of our common stock have essentially the same economic characteristics as they receive the same per unit profit distributions of the Operating Partnership. On the one-year anniversary of issuance, an OP Unit may be tendered for redemption for cash; however, we have sole and absolute discretion, and sufficient authorized common stock, to exchange OP Units for shares of common stock on a one-for-one basis instead of cash.

On May 16, 2019, the Empire State Realty Trust, Inc. Empire State Realty OP, L.P. 2019 Equity Incentive Plan (“2019 Plan”) was approved by our shareholders. The 2019 Plan provides for grants to directors, employees and consultants of our company and operating partnership, including options, restricted stock, restricted stock units, stock appreciation rights, performance awards, dividend equivalents and other equity-based awards. An aggregate of approximately 11.0 million shares of our common stock are authorized for issuance under awards granted pursuant to the 2019 Plan. We will not issue any new equity awards under the First Amended and Restated Empire State Realty Trust, Inc. and Empire State Realty OP, L.P. 2013 Equity Incentive Plan ("2013 Plan", and collectively with the 2019 Plan, "the Plans"). The shares of Class A common stock underlying any awards under the 2019 Plan and the 2013 Plan that are forfeited, canceled or otherwise terminated, other than by exercise, will be added back to the shares of Class A common stock available for issuance under the 2019 Plan. Shares tendered or held back upon exercise of a stock option or settlement of an award under the 2019 Plan or the 2013 Plan to cover the exercise price or tax withholding and shares subject to a stock appreciation right that are not issued in connection with the stock settlement of the stock appreciation right upon exercise thereof, will not be added back to the shares of Class A common stock available for issuance under the 2019 Plan. In addition, shares of Class A common stock repurchased on the open market will not be added back to the shares of Class A common stock available for issuance under the 2019 Plan.

Long-term incentive plan ("LTIP") units are a special class of partnership interests in the Operating Partnership. Each LTIP unit awarded will be deemed equivalent to an award of one share of stock under the Plans, reducing the availability for other equity awards on a one-for-one basis. The vesting period for LTIP units, if any, will be determined at the time of issuance. Under the terms of the LTIP units, the Operating Partnership will revalue for tax purposes its assets upon the occurrence of certain specified events, and any increase in valuation from the time of grant until such event will be allocated first to the holders of LTIP units to equalize the capital accounts of such holders with the capital accounts of OP unitholders. Subject to any agreed upon exceptions, once vested and having achieved parity with OP unitholders, LTIP units are convertible into OP Units in the Operating Partnership on a one-for-one basis.

LTIP units subject to time based vesting, whether vested or not, receive the same per unit distributions as OP Units, which equal per share dividends (both regular and special) on our common stock. LTIP units subject to market-based vesting receive 10% of such distributions currently, unless and until such LTIP units are earned based on performance, at which time they will receive the accrued and unpaid 90% and will commence receiving 100% of such distributions thereafter.

As of December 31, 2022, there were approximately 271.0 million common stock and OP Units outstanding, of which approximately 161.1 million, or 59.4%, were owned by us and approximately 109.9 million, or 40.5%, were owned by other partners, including certain directors, officers and other members of executive management.

Stock and Publicly Traded Operating Partnership Unit Repurchase Program

Our Board of Directors authorized the repurchase of up to $500 million of our Class A common stock and the Operating Partnership’s Series ES, Series 250 and Series 60 operating partnership units from January 1, 2022 through December 31, 2023. Under the program, we may purchase our Class A common stock and the Operating Partnership’s Series ES, Series 250 and Series 60 operating partnership units in accordance with applicable securities laws from time to time in the open market or in privately negotiated transactions. The timing, manner, price and amount of any repurchases will be determined by us at our discretion and will be subject to stock price, availability, trading volume and general market conditions. The authorization does not obligate us to acquire any particular amount of securities, and the program may be suspended or discontinued at our discretion without prior notice.

The following table summarizes our purchases of equity securities for the year ended December 31, 2022:


Period	Total Number of Shares Purchased	Average Price Paid Per Share		Total Number of Shares Purchased as Part of Publicly Announced Plan	Maximum Approximate Dollar Value Available for Future Purchase (in thousands)
Year ended December 31, 2022	11,571,133	$	7.79	11,571,133	$	409,824

Private Perpetual Preferred Units

As of December 31, 2022, there were 4,664,038 Series 2019 Preferred Units ("Series 2019 Preferred Units") and 1,560,360 Series 2014 Private Perpetual Preferred Units ("Series 2014 Preferred Units"). The Series 2019 Preferred Units have a liquidation preference of $13.52 per unit and are entitled to receive cumulative preferential annual cash distributions of $0.70 per unit payable in arrears on a quarterly basis. The Series 2019 Preferred Units are not redeemable at the option of the holders and are redeemable at our option only in the case of specific defined events. The Series 2014 Preferred Units which have a liquidation preference of $16.62 per unit and are entitled to receive cumulative preferential annual cash distributions of $0.60 per unit payable in arrears on a quarterly basis. The Series 2014 Preferred Units are not redeemable at the option of the holders and are redeemable at our option only in the case of specific defined events.

Dividends and Distributions

The following table summarizes the dividends paid on our Class A common stock and Class B common stock for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020:

Record Date

Payment Date

Amount per Share

December 19, 2022

December 31, 2022

$0.035

September 15, 2022

September 30, 2022

$0.035

June 15, 2022

June 30, 2022

$0.035

March 15, 2022

March 31, 2022

$0.035

December 20, 2021

December 31, 2021

$0.035

September 15, 2021

September 30, 2021

$0.035

June 15, 2021

June 30, 2021

$0.035

June 19, 2020

June 30, 2020

$0.105

March 16, 2020

March 31, 2020

$0.105

Total dividends paid to common securityholders during 2022, 2021 and 2020 were $23.1 million, $18.1 million and $37.2 million, respectively. Total distributions paid to OP unitholders, excluding inter-company distributions, during 2022, 2021 and 2020 totaled $15.5 million, $10.5 million and $23.7 million, respectively. Total distributions paid to Preferred unitholders during 2022, 2021 and 2020 were $4.2 million, $4.2 million, and $4.2 million, respectively.

Earnings and profits, which determine the tax treatment of distributions to securityholders, will differ from income reported for financial reporting purposes due to the differences for federal income tax purposes, including, but not limited to, treatment of revenue recognition, compensation expense, and basis of depreciable assets and estimated useful lives used to compute depreciation. The 2022 dividends of $0.14 per share are classified for income tax purposes 100% as taxable ordinary dividends eligible for the Section 199A deduction and 0% as a return of capital. The 2021 dividends of $0.105 per share are classified for income tax purposes 16.2% as taxable ordinary dividends eligible for the Section 199A deduction and 83.8% as a return of capital. The 2020 dividends of $0.21 per share are classified for income tax purposes 100% as taxable ordinary dividends eligible for the Section 199A deduction and 0% as a return of capital.

Incentive and Share-Based Compensation

The Plans provide for grants to directors, employees and consultants consisting of stock options, restricted stock, dividend equivalents, stock payments, performance shares, LTIP units, stock appreciation rights and other incentive awards. An aggregate of 11.0 million shares of our common stock are authorized for issuance under awards granted pursuant to the 2019 Plan, and as of December 31, 2022, approximately 6.3 million shares of common stock remain available for future issuance under the Plans.

In March 2022, we made grants of LTIP units to executive officers under the 2019 Plan, including a total of 412,689 LTIP units that are subject to time-based vesting, 694,383 LTIP units that are subject to market-based vesting and 515,369 units that are subject to performance-based vesting with fair market values of $3.2 million, $3.9 million and $3.1 million, respectively. In March 2022, we made grants of LTIP units and restricted stock to certain other employees under the 2019 Plan, including a total of 240,156 LTIP units and 210,212 shares of restricted stock that are subject to time-based vesting, 85,772

LTIP units that are subject to market-based vesting and 63,574 LTIP units that are subject to performance-based vesting, with fair market values of $2.1 million and $2.0 million, respectively, for the time-based vesting awards, $0.6 million for the market-based vesting awards and $0.5 million for the performance-based vesting awards. The awards subject to time-based vesting vest ratably over four years, subject generally to the grantee's continued employment, with the first installment vesting on January 1, 2023. The vesting of the LTIP units subject to market-based vesting is based on the achievement of relative total stockholder

return hurdles over a three-year performance period, commencing on January 1, 2022. The vesting of the LTIP units subject to performance-based vesting is based on the achievement of (i) operational metrics over a one-year performance period, subject to a three-year absolute TSR modifier, and (ii) environmental, social and governance ("ESG") metrics over a three-year performance period, in each case, commencing on January 1, 2022. Following the completion of the respective performance periods, our Compensation and Human Capital Committee will determine the number of LTIP units to which the grantee is entitled based on our performance relative to the performance hurdles set forth in the LTIP unit award agreements the grantee entered in connection with the award grant. These units then vest in two equal installments, on January 1, 2025 and January 1,

2026, subject generally to the grantee's continued employment on those dates.

In March 2022, we also made one-time additional grants of LTIP units and restricted stock to an executive officer and certain other employees under the 2019 Plan. At such time, we granted the executive officer 112,612 LTIP units that are subject to time-based vesting and we granted to certain other employees a total of 84,475 LTIP units and 18,380 shares of restricted stock that are subject to time-based vesting, with a fair market value of $1.7 million and $0.2 million, respectively. These awards are subject to time-based vesting and vest over five years, subject generally to the grantee's continued employment.

The first installment vests 30% on January 1, 2025, the second installment vests 30% on January 1, 2026 and the remainder of 40% will vest on January 1, 2027.

In 2022 and prior years, our named executive officers could elect to receive their annual incentive bonus in any combination of (i) cash or vested LTIPs at the face amount of such bonus or (ii) time-vesting LTIPs which would vest over three years, subject to continued employment, at a premium over such face amount (120% for awards granted in 2021 and 2022; 125% for years prior to 2021). In March 2022, we made grants of LTIP units to executive officers under the 2019 Plan in connection with the 2021 bonus election program. We granted to executive officers a total of 470,860 LTIP units that are subject to time-based vesting with a fair market value of $3.7 million. Of these LTIP units, 53,980 LTIP units vested immediately on the grant date and 416,880 LTIP units vest ratably over three years from January 1, 2022, subject generally to the grantee's continued employment. The first installment vests on January 1, 2023, and the remainder will vest thereafter in two equal annual installments.

Annually, we also make grants of LTIP units to our non-employee directors under the 2019 Plan. In 2022, each of our directors received 60% of their $200,000 annual base retainer in the form of equity vesting ratably over four years, and could elect to receive the remaining 40% of such base retainer in (i) cash at the face value of the award, (ii) immediately vesting equity at the face value of the award, or (iii) equity vesting ratably over three years at 120% of the face amount. Each director could elect to receive any equity portion of the base retainer in either (i) LTIP units or (ii) restricted shares of our Class A

common stock. In accordance with each director's election, we granted a total of 142,358 LTIP units that are subject to time-based vesting with fair market values of $1.1 million. The LTIP units vest ratably over three or four years from the date of the grant, based on grantee election, subject generally to the director's continued service on our Board of Directors. We also granted 51,284 LTIP units that are subject to immediate vesting with fair market values of $0.3 million.

Share-based compensation for time-based equity awards is measured at the fair value of the award on the date of grant and recognized as an expense on a straight-line basis over the shorter of (i) the stated vesting period, which is generally three, four or five years, or (ii) the period from the date of grant to the date the employee becomes retirement eligible, which may occur upon grant. An employee is retirement eligible when the employee attains the (i) age of 65 for awards granted in 2020 and after, and age of 60 for awards granted before 2020 and (ii) the date on which the employee has first completed ten years of continuous service with us or our affiliates. Share-based compensation for market-based equity awards and performance-based equity awards is measured at the fair value of the award on the date of grant and recognized as an expense on a straight-line basis over three or four years. Additionally, for the performance-based equity awards, we assess, at each reporting period, whether it is probable that the performance conditions will be satisfied. We recognize expense respective to the number of awards we expect to vest at the conclusion of the measurement period. Changes in estimate are accounted for in the period of change through a cumulative catch-up adjustment.

For the market-based LTIP units, the fair value of the awards was estimated using a Monte Carlo Simulation model and discounted for the restriction period during which the LTIP units cannot be redeemed or transferred and the uncertainty regarding if, and when, the book capital account of the LTIP units will equal that of the common units. Our stock price, along with the prices of the comparative indexes, is assumed to follow the Geometric Brownian Motion Process. Geometric Brownian Motion is a common assumption when modeling in financial markets, as it allows the modeled quantity (in this case the stock price) to vary randomly from its current value and take any value greater than zero. The volatilities of the returns on our stock price and the comparative indexes were estimated based on implied volatilities and historical volatilities using an appropriate look-back period. The expected growth rate of the stock prices over the performance period is determined with consideration of the risk-free rate as of the grant date. For LTIP unit awards that are time or performance based, the fair value of the awards was estimated based on the fair value of our stock at the grant date discounted for the restriction period during which the LTIP units cannot be redeemed or transferred and the uncertainty regarding if, and when, the book capital account of the LTIP units will equal that of the common units. For restricted stock awards, the fair value of the awards are based on the market price of our stock at the grant date.

LTIP units and restricted stock issued during the year ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020 were valued at $22.4 million, $20.0 million and $28.3 million, respectively. The weighted-average per unit or share fair value was $7.21, $8.52 and $5.44 for grants issued in 2022, 2021 and 2020, respectively. The per unit or share granted in 2022 was estimated on the respective dates of grant using the following assumptions: an expected life from 2.0 to 5.3 years, a dividend rate of 2.0%, a risk-free interest rate from 1.4% to 2.0%, and an expected price volatility from 37.0% to 53.0%. The per unit or share granted in 2021 was estimated on the respective dates of grant using the following assumptions: an expected life from 2.0 to 5.3 years, a dividend rate of 2.60%, a risk-free interest rate from 0.12% to 0.32%, and an expected price volatility from 36.0% to 53.0%. The per unit or share granted in 2020 was estimated on the respective dates of grant using the following assumptions: an expected life from 2.0 to 5.5 years, a dividend rate of 3.70%, a risk-free interest rate from 0.16% to 0.50%, and an expected price volatility from 19.0% to 26.0%. No other stock options, dividend equivalents, or stock appreciation rights were issued or outstanding in 2022, 2021 and 2020.

The following is a summary of restricted stock and LTIP unit activity for the year ended December 31, 2022:


	Restricted Stock	Time-based LTIPs	Market-based LTIPs	Performance-based LTIPs	Weighted Average Grant Fair Value
Unvested balance at December 31, 2021	214,408	2,499,592	5,039,134	—	$	7.02
Vested	(69,545)	(1,300,504)	(113,576)	(35,695)	9.28
Granted	232,448	1,514,434	780,155	578,943	7.21
Forfeited or unearned	(18,018)	—	(1,635,176)	(32,259)	6.84
Unvested balance at December 31, 2022	359,293	2,713,522	4,070,537	510,989	$	6.69

The total fair value of LTIP units and restricted stock that vested during 2022, 2021 and 2020 was $14.1 million, $12.3 million and $15.6 million, respectively.

The time-based LTIPs and restricted stock awards are treated for accounting purposes as immediately vested upon the later of (i) the date the grantee attains the age of 60 or 65, as applicable, and (ii) the date on which the grantee has first completed ten years of continuous service with us or our affiliates. For award agreements that qualify, we recognize noncash compensation expense on the grant date for the time-based awards and ratably over the vesting period for the market-based and performance-based awards, and accordingly, we recognized $2.3 million, $1.3 million and $2.6 million for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020, respectively. Unrecognized compensation expense was $0.8 million at December 31, 2022, which will be recognized over a weighted average period of 3.1 years.

For the remainder of the LTIP unit awards, we recognized noncash compensation expense ratably over the vesting period, and accordingly, we recognized $18.7 million, $19.0 million and $22.9 million in noncash compensation expense for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020, respectively. Unrecognized compensation expense was $25.2 million at December 31, 2022, which will be recognized over a weighted average period of 2.4 years.

Earnings Per Share

Earnings per share for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020 is computed as follows (amounts in thousands, except per share amounts):


	For the Year Ended December 31,
	2022		2021		2020
Numerator - Basic:
Net income (loss)	$	63,212	$	(13,037)	$	(22,889)
Private perpetual preferred unit distributions	(4,201)		(4,201)		(4,197)
Net (income) loss attributable to non-controlling interest in operating partnership	(22,812)		6,527		10,374

Net income attributable to non-controlling interests in other partnerships	243		—		—
Earnings allocated to unvested shares	—		(26)		(60)
Net income (loss) attributable to common stockholders - basic	$	36,442	$	(10,737)	$	(16,772)

Numerator - Diluted:
Net income (loss)	$	63,212	$	(13,037)	$	(22,889)
Private perpetual preferred unit distributions	(4,201)		(4,201)		(4,197)

Net income attributable to non-controlling interests in other partnerships	243		—		—
Earnings allocated to unvested shares	—		(26)		(60)
Net income (loss) attributable to common stockholders - diluted	$	59,254	$	(17,264)	$	(27,146)

Denominator:
Weighted average shares outstanding - basic	165,039		172,445		175,169
Operating partnership units	103,298		104,975		108,657
Effect of dilutive securities:
Stock-based compensation plans	1,611		—		11

Weighted average shares outstanding - diluted	269,948		277,420		283,837

Earnings per share - basic	$	0.22	$	(0.06)	$	(0.10)
Earnings per share - diluted	$	0.22	$	(0.06)	$	(0.10)

There were 0, 1,052,390, and 307,536 antidilutive shares for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020, respectively.

Related Party Transactions	12 Months Ended
Related Party Transactions	Dec. 31, 2022
Related Party Transactions [Abstract]
Related Party Transactions	Related Party Transactions Sale of Westport Retail Properties On February 1, 2023, we closed on the disposition of our retail assets located at 69-97 and 103-107 Main Street in Westport, Connecticut, for total consideration of $40.0 million, to an entity affiliated with our Chairman, President and Chief Executive Officer, Anthony E. Malkin (the “Westport Transaction”). The Company determined to make the sale to the related party entity after a marketed sale process conducted from February 2022 through August 2022 through a broker in which it received several third-party bids. Deals with third party purchasers failed to materialize due to adverse changes in capital market conditions during that time. The Westport Transaction materialized due to timing because the related party entity had recently completed a sale of property and was in the market for exchange property to defer tax in a 1031 exchange, and the Company recently executed on the acquisition of 298 Mulberry Street. The $40.0 million valuation for the Westport Transaction is in the range of the bids the Company received during the marketed sale process. In connection with the Westport Transaction, we advanced a loan to the buyer to facilitate closing with a maximum principal amount of up to $1.0 million, which bears interest at SOFR plus 3.5% and requires repayment of principal to the extent of available cash flow of the property. We anticipate that the loan will be fully repaid within one year. Post-sale, we will provide certain supervisory and property management services to the buyer on similar terms as those we provide to our other excluded properties. See “– Excluded Properties and Businesses” below. The Company has a written Related Party Transactions Policy (the “Policy”) which requires the Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee to review the material facts of all related party transactions and consider all relevant factors in approving any related party transaction. Further, the Policy provides that a director or executive officer shall not participate in any consideration, discussion or approval of such related party transaction in which he or she is a related party. The Westport Transaction process was completed in compliance with the Policy. The independent members of the Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee conducted an independent review under the guidance of outside counsel and then approved the transaction. The Company reviewed with outside counsel best practices for the specific Westport Transaction and took additional precautions to ensure an arms-length process. There were separate counsels and appraisals for both buyer and seller. Tax Protection Agreements In 2013, we entered into a tax protection agreement with Anthony E. Malkin and Peter L. Malkin that is intended to protect to a limited extent the Malkin Group and an additional third party investor in Metro Center (who was one of the original landowners and was involved in the development of the property) against certain tax consequences arising from a transaction involving one of four properties, which we refer to in this section as the protected assets. First, this agreement provides that our operating partnership will not sell, exchange, transfer or otherwise dispose of such protected assets, or any interest in a protected asset, until (i) October 7, 2025, with respect to one protected asset, First Stamford Place, and (ii) the later of (x) October 7, 2021 and (y) the death of both Peter L. Malkin and Isabel W. Malkin, who are 89 and 86 years old, respectively, for the three other protected assets, Metro Center, 298 Mulberry Street (“substituted basis property” as contemplated by the tax protection agreement for 10 Bank Street, which was sold on December 7, 2022) and 1542 Third Avenue, unless: (1)Anthony E. Malkin consents to the sale, exchange, transfer or other disposition; or (2)our operating partnership delivers to each protected party thereunder a cash payment intended to approximate the tax liability arising from the recognition of the pre-contribution built-in gain resulting from the sale, exchange, transfer or other disposition of such protected asset (with the pre-contribution “built-in gain” being not more than the taxable gain that would have been recognized by such protected party if the protected asset been sold for fair market value in a taxable transaction at the time of the consolidation) plus an additional amount so that, after the payment of all taxes on amounts received pursuant to the agreement (including any tax liability incurred as a result of receiving such payment), the protected party retains an amount equal to such protected party’s total tax liability incurred as a result of the recognition of the pre-contribution built-in gain pursuant to such sale, exchange, transfer or other disposition; or (3)the disposition does not result in a recognition of any built-in gain by the protected party. Second, with respect to the Malkin Group, including Anthony E. Malkin and Peter L. Malkin, and one additional third party investor in Metro Center (who was one of the original landowners and was involved in the development of the property), to protect against gain recognition resulting from a reduction in such continuing investor’s share of the operating partnership liabilities, the agreement provides that during the period from October 7, 2013 until such continuing investor owns less than the aggregate number of operating partnership units and shares of common stock equal to 50% of the aggregate number of such units and shares such investor received in the formation transactions, which we refer to in this section as the tax protection period, our operating partnership will (i) refrain from prepaying any amounts outstanding under any indebtedness secured by the protected assets and (ii) use its commercially reasonable efforts to refinance such indebtedness at or prior to maturity at its current principal amount, or, if our operating partnership is unable to refinance such indebtedness at its current principal amount, at the highest principal amount possible. The agreement also provides that, during the tax protection period, our operating partnership will make available to such continuing investors the opportunity (i) to enter into a “bottom dollar” guarantee of their allocable share of $160.0 million of aggregate indebtedness of our operating partnership meeting certain requirements or (ii) in the event our operating partnership has recourse debt outstanding and such a continuing investor agrees, in lieu of guaranteeing debt pursuant to clause (i) above, to enter into a deficit restoration obligation, in each case, in a manner intended to provide an allocation of operating partnership liabilities to the continuing investor. In the event that a continuing investor guarantees debt of our operating partnership, such continuing investor will be responsible, under certain circumstances, for the repayment of the guaranteed amount to the lender in the event that the lender would otherwise recognize a loss on the loan, such as, for example, if property securing the loan was foreclosed and the value was not sufficient to repay a certain amount of the debt. A deficit restoration obligation is a continuing investor’s obligation, under certain circumstances, to contribute a designated amount of capital to our operating partnership upon our operating partnership’s liquidation in the event that the assets of our operating partnership are insufficient to repay our operating partnership liabilities. Because we expect that our operating partnership will at all times have sufficient liabilities to allow it to meet its obligations to allocate liabilities to its partners that are protected parties under the tax protection agreement, our operating partnership’s indemnification obligation with respect to “certain tax liabilities” would generally arise only in the event that the operating partnership disposes in a taxable transaction of a protected asset within the period specified above in a taxable transaction. In the event of such a disposition, the amount of our operating partnership’s indemnification obligation would depend on several factors, including the amount of “built-in gain,” if any, recognized and allocated to the indemnified partners with respect to such disposition and the effective tax rate to be applied to such gain at the time of such disposition. Our disposition of the 10 Bank Street asset on December 7, 2022 did not trigger any obligation of payment pursuant to the tax protection agreement. The operating partnership agreement requires that allocations with respect to such acquired property be made in a manner consistent with Section 704(c) of the Code. Treasury Regulations issued under Section 704(c) of the Code provide partnerships with a choice of several methods of allocating book-tax differences. Under the tax protection agreement, our operating partnership has agreed to use the “traditional method” for accounting for book-tax differences for the properties acquired by our operating partnership in the consolidation. Under the traditional method, which is the least favorable method from our perspective, the carryover basis of the acquired properties in the hands of our operating partnership (i) may cause us to be allocated lower amounts of depreciation and other deductions for tax purposes than would be allocated to us if all of the acquired properties were to have a tax basis equal to their fair market value at the time of acquisition and (ii) in the event of a sale of such properties, could cause us to be allocated gain in excess of its corresponding economic or book gain (or taxable loss that is less than its economic or book loss), with a corresponding benefit to the partners transferring such properties to our operating partnership for interests in our operating partnership. In 2016, we entered into a tax protection agreement with Q REIT Holding LLC, a Qatar Financial Centre limited liability company and a wholly owned subsidiary of the Qatar Investment Authority, a governmental authority of the State of Qatar ("QREIT", and together with any eligible transferee, "QIA"). Subject to certain minimum thresholds and conditions, we will indemnify QIA for certain applicable U.S. federal and state taxes payable by QIA in connection with dividends paid by us on the QIA shares that are attributable to capital gains from the sale or exchange of any U.S. real property interests. Our obligation to indemnify QIA will terminate one year following the date on which the sum of the QIA shares then owned by QIA falls below 10% of our outstanding common shares. Registration Rights We entered into a registration rights agreement with certain persons receiving shares of our common stock or operating partnership units in the formation transactions, including certain members of our senior management team and our other continuing investors. In connection therewith, we have filed, and are obligated to maintain the effectiveness of, an automatically effective shelf registration statement, along with a prospectus supplement, with respect to, among other things, shares of our Class A common stock that may be issued upon redemption of operating partnership units or issued upon conversion of shares of Class B common stock to continuing investors in the public existing entities. Pursuant to the registration rights agreement, under certain circumstances, we will also be required to undertake an underwritten offering upon the written request of the Malkin Group, which we refer to as the holder, provided (i) the registrable shares to be registered in such offering will have a market value of at least $150.0 million, (ii) we will not be obligated to effect more than two underwritten offerings during any 12-month period; and (iii) the holder will not have the ability to effect more than four underwritten offerings. In addition, if we file a registration statement with respect to an underwritten offering for our own account or on behalf of the holder, the holder will have the right, subject to certain limitations, to register such number of registrable shares held by him, her or it as each such holder requests. With respect to underwritten offerings on behalf of the holder, we will have the right to register such number of primary shares as we request; provided, however, that if cut backs are required by the managing underwriters of such an offering, our primary shares shall be cutback first (but in no event will our shares be cut back to less than $25.0 million). We have also agreed to indemnify the persons receiving rights against specified liabilities, including certain potential liabilities arising under the Securities Act, or to contribute to the payments such persons may be required to make in respect thereof. We have agreed to pay all of the expenses relating to the registration and any underwritten offerings of such securities, including, without limitation, all registration, listing, filing and stock exchange or FINRA fees, all fees and expenses of complying with securities or “blue sky” laws, all printing expenses and all fees and disbursements of counsel and independent public accountants retained by us, but excluding underwriting discounts and commissions, any out-of-pocket expenses (except we will pay any holder’s out-of-pocket fees (including disbursements of such holder’s counsel, accountants and other advisors) up to $25,000 in the aggregate for each underwritten offering and each filing of a resale shelf registration statement or demand registration statement), and any transfer taxes. Employment Agreement and Change in Control Severance Agreements We entered into an employment agreement with Anthony E. Malkin, which provides for salary, bonuses and other benefits, including among other things, severance benefits upon a termination of employment under certain circumstances and the issuance of equity awards. In addition, we entered into change in control severance agreements with Thomas P. Durels and Christina Chiu. Indemnification of Our Directors and Officers We entered into indemnification agreements with each of our directors, executive officers, chairman emeritus and certain other parties, providing for the indemnification by us for certain liabilities and expenses incurred as a result of actions brought, or threatened to be brought, against (i) our directors, executive officers and chairman emeritus and (ii) our executive officers, chairman emeritus and certain other parties who are former members, managers, securityholders, directors, limited partners, general partners, officers or controlling persons of our predecessor in such capacities. Excluded Properties and Businesses The Malkin Group, including Anthony E. Malkin, our Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, owns non-controlling interests in, and Anthony E. Malkin and Peter L. Malkin control the general partners or managers of, the entities that own interests in eight multi-family properties and five net leased retail properties, (including one single tenant retail property in Greenwich, Connecticut). The Malkin Group also owns non-controlling interests in one Manhattan office property, two Manhattan retail properties and several retail properties outside of Manhattan, none of which were contributed to us in the formation transactions. Additionally, in February 2023, ESRT sold its two retail properties in Westport, Connecticut to an entity controlled by the Malkin Group (see Sale of Westport Retail Properties above).We refer to the non-controlling interests described above collectively as the excluded properties. In addition, the Malkin Group owns interests in one mezzanine (which was repaid in full on December 6, 2022) and senior equity fund and four property managers, and which we refer to collectively as the excluded businesses. We do not believe that the excluded properties or the excluded businesses are consistent with our commercial portfolio geographic or property type composition, management or strategic direction. Pursuant to management and/or service agreements with the owners of interests in those excluded properties and services agreements with five residential property managers and the managers of certain other excluded businesses which historically were managed by affiliates of our predecessor, we are designated as the asset manager (supervisor) and/or property manager of the excluded properties and will provide services to the owners of certain of the excluded properties and the five residential property managers and provide services and access to office space to the existing managers of the other excluded businesses. As the manager or service provider, we are paid a management or other fee with respect to those excluded properties and excluded businesses where our predecessor had previously received a management fee on the same terms as the fee paid to our predecessor, and reimbursed for our costs in providing the management and other services to those excluded properties and businesses where our predecessor had not previously received a management fee. Our management of the excluded properties and provision of services to the five residential property managers and the existing managers of the other excluded businesses represent a minimal portion of our overall business. There is no established time period in which we will manage such properties or provide services to the owners of certain of the excluded properties and the five residential property managers and provide services and access to office space to the existing managers of the other excluded businesses; and Peter L. Malkin and Anthony E. Malkin expect to sell certain properties or unwind these businesses over time. We are not precluded from acquiring all or certain interests in the excluded properties or businesses. If we were to attempt any such acquisition, we anticipate that Anthony E. Malkin, our Chairman, President and Chief Executive Officer, will not participate in the negotiation process on our behalf with respect to our potential acquisition of any of these excluded properties or businesses, and the approval of a majority of our independent directors will be required to approve any such acquisition. Services are and were provided by us to excluded properties and businesses. These transactions are reflected in our consolidated statements of operations as third-party management and other fees. We earned asset management (supervisory) and service fees from excluded properties and businesses of $1.0 million, $1.0 million and $0.9 million during the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020, respectively. We earned property management fees from excluded properties of $0.3 million, $0.2 million and $0.3 million during the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020, respectively. Other We receive rent generally at market rental rate for 5,447 square feet of leased space from entities affiliated with Anthony E. Malkin at one of our properties. Under the lease, the tenant has the right to cancel such lease without special payment on 90 days’ notice. We also have a shared use agreement with such tenant to occupy a portion of the leased premises as the office location for Peter L. Malkin, our chairman emeritus and employee, utilizing approximately 15% of the space, for which we pay to such tenant an allocable pro rata share of the cost. We also have agreements with these entities and excluded properties and businesses to provide them with general computer-related support services. Total revenue aggregated $0.3 million, $0.3 million and $0.3 million for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020, respectively.

Income Taxes

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2022

Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]

Income Taxes

Holdings TRS and Observatory TRS are taxable entities and their consolidated provision for income taxes consisted of the following for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020 (amounts in thousands):


	For the Year Ended December 31,
	2022		2021		2020
Current:
Federal	$	(319)	$	(266)	$	4,932
State and local	(227)		(347)		2,699
Total current	(546)		(613)		7,631
Deferred:
Federal	(264)		1,206		(340)
State and local	(736)		1,141		(320)
Total deferred	(1,000)		2,347		(660)
Income tax (expense) benefit	$	(1,546)	$	1,734	$	6,971

In March 2020, the Coronavirus Aid, Relief, Economic Security (“CARES”) Act was enacted. The CARES Act includes a number of federal tax reliefs, including the carryback of a net operating loss (“NOL”) incurred in 2018, 2019 and 2020 to each of the five preceding taxable years to generate a refund of previous paid income taxes. Such NOLs may offset 100% of taxable income for taxable years beginning before 2021 (80% thereafter). Many states, including New York, have not adopted the NOL provisions of the CARES Act and continue to have their own rules with respect to the application of NOLs. For the year ended December 31, 2020, the carryback of Observatory TRS’s NOL to previous tax years resulted in a 13% increase of U.S. corporation income tax benefit.

As of December 31, 2022, Empire State Realty Trust, Inc. had $99.8 million of NOL carryforwards that may be used in the future to reduce the amount otherwise required to be distributed by ESRT to meet REIT requirements. However, for federal income tax purposes, the NOL will not be able to offset more than 80% of ESRT’s REIT taxable income and, therefore, may not be able to reduce the amount required to be distributed by ESRT to meet REIT requirements to zero. The federal NOL may be carried forward indefinitely. Other limitations may apply to ESRT’s ability to use its NOL to offset taxable income.

As of December 31, 2022, the Observatory TRS had a federal income tax receivable of $2.5 million. This receivable reflects an anticipated refund resulting from the carryback of 2020 NOL to previous tax years. The Observatory TRS has $10.2 million of NOL carryforwards that may be used to offset future taxable income, if any. The federal NOL may be carried forward indefinitely and the state and local NOL can be carried forward for up to 20 years.

We measure deferred tax assets using enacted tax rates that will apply in the years in which the temporary differences are expected to be recovered or paid.

The effective income tax rate is 33.6%, 26.0% and 47.0% for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020, respectively. The actual tax provision differed from that computed at the federal statutory corporate rate as follows (amounts in thousands):


	For the Year Ended December 31,
	2022		2021		2020
Federal tax benefit (expense) at statutory rate	$	(583)	$	940	$	2,544
State income tax benefit (expense), net of federal benefit	(963)		794		2,379
Corporate income tax rate adjustment	—		—		2,048
Income tax (expense) benefit	$	(1,546)	$	1,734	$	6,971

The income tax effects of temporary differences that give rise to deferred tax assets are presented below as of December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020 (amounts in thousands):


	2022		2021		2020
Deferred tax assets:
Deferred revenue on unredeemed observatory admission ticket sales	$	535	$	383	$	256
Federal net operating loss carryforward credit	969		1,393		—
New York State net operating loss carryforward credit	250		612		—
New York City net operating loss carryforward credit	233		704		334
Other deferred tax assets	261		—		—
Deferred tax assets	$	2,248	$	3,092	$	590

Deferred tax assets at December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020 are included in prepaid expenses and other assets on the consolidated balance sheets. The deferred tax assets at December 31, 2022 are mainly attributable to the inclusion of the Federal net operating loss to be carried forward and utilized during income years indefinitely and the New York State and New York City net operating loss to be carried forward and utilized during income years for a period of 20 years. No valuation allowance has been recorded against the deferred tax asset because the company believes it is more likely than not that the deferred tax asset will be realized. This determination is based on the Observatory TRS’s anticipated future taxable income and the reversal of the deferred tax asset.

At December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020, the TRS entities have no amount of unrecognized tax benefits. The federal and state tax returns of 2022, 2021 and 2019 remain open for examination.

- Definition

The entire disclosure for income taxes. Disclosures may include net deferred tax liability or asset recognized in an enterprise's statement of financial position, net change during the year in the total valuation allowance, approximate tax effect of each type of temporary difference and carryforward that gives rise to a significant portion of deferred tax liabilities and deferred tax assets, utilization of a tax carryback, and tax uncertainties information.

+ References

Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 740
-SubTopic 10
-Section 50
-Paragraph 21
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=121826272&loc=d3e32857-109319

Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 740
-SubTopic 10
-Section S99
-Paragraph 2
-Subparagraph (SAB Topic 11.C)
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=122134291&loc=d3e330215-122817

Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 740
-SubTopic 10
-Section 50
-Paragraph 17
-Subparagraph (b)
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=121826272&loc=d3e32809-109319

Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 740
-SubTopic 10
-Section S99
-Paragraph 1
-Subparagraph (SAB TOPIC 6.I.5.Q1)
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=122134291&loc=d3e330036-122817

Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 740
-SubTopic 10
-Section 50
-Paragraph 14
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=121826272&loc=d3e32705-109319

Reference 6: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 740
-SubTopic 270
-Section 50
-Paragraph 1
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=6424409&loc=d3e44925-109338

Reference 7: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 740
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/topic&trid=2144680

Reference 8: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 740
-SubTopic 30
-Section 50
-Paragraph 2
-Subparagraph (a)
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=6424122&loc=d3e41874-109331

Reference 9: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 235
-SubTopic 10
-Section S99
-Paragraph 1
-Subparagraph (SX 210.4-08(h)(2))
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=120395691&loc=d3e23780-122690

+ Details

Segment Reporting

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2022

Segment Reporting [Abstract]

Segment Reporting

Segment Reporting We have identified two reportable segments: (1) real estate and (2) observatory. Our real estate segment includes all activities related to the ownership, management, operation, acquisition, redevelopment, repositioning and disposition of our traditional real estate assets. Our observatory segment operates the 86th and 102nd floor observatories at the Empire State Building. These two lines of businesses are managed separately because each business requires different support infrastructures, provides different services and has dissimilar economic characteristics such as investments needed, stream of revenues and different marketing strategies. We account for intersegment sales and rents as if the sales or rents were to third

parties, that is, at current market prices. We account for intersegment sales and rents as if the sales or rents were to third parties, that is, at current market prices.

The following tables provide components of segment profit for each segment for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020 (amounts in thousands):


	2022
	Real Estate		Observatory		Intersegment Elimination		Total
Revenues:
Rental revenue	$	591,048	$	—	$	—	$	591,048
Intercompany rental revenue	65,005		—		(65,005)		—
Observatory revenue	—		105,978		—		105,978
Lease termination fees	20,032		—		—		20,032
Third-party management and other fees	1,361		—		—		1,361
Other revenue and fees	8,622		—		—		8,622
Total revenues	686,068		105,978		(65,005)		727,041
Operating expenses:
Property operating expenses	157,935		—		—		157,935
Intercompany rent expense	—		65,005		(65,005)		—
Ground rent expense	9,326		—		—		9,326
General and administrative expenses	61,765		—		—		61,765
Observatory expenses	—		31,036		—		31,036
Real estate taxes	123,057		—		—		123,057

Depreciation and amortization	216,707		187		—		216,894
Total operating expenses	568,790		96,228		(65,005)		600,013
Total operating income	117,278		9,750		—		127,028
Other income (expense):
Interest income	4,901		47		—		4,948
Interest expense	(101,206)		—		—		(101,206)
Gain on sale/disposition of properties	33,988		—		—		33,988


Income before income taxes	54,961		9,797		—		64,758
Income tax expense	(584)		(962)		—		(1,546)
Net income	$	54,377	$	8,835	$	—	$	63,212
Segment assets	$	3,909,299	$	254,295	$	—	$	4,163,594
Expenditures for segment assets	$	85,646	$	315	$	—	$	85,961


	2021
	Real Estate		Observatory		Intersegment Elimination		Total
Revenues:
Rental revenue	$	559,690	$	—	$	—	$	559,690
Intercompany rental revenue	23,413		—		(23,413)		—

Observatory revenue	—		41,474		—		41,474
Lease termination fees	16,230		—		—		16,230
Third-party management and other fees	1,219		—		—		1,219
Other revenue and fees	5,343		138		—		5,481
Total revenues	605,895		41,612		(23,413)		624,094
Operating expenses:
Property operating expenses	126,986		—		—		126,986
Intercompany rent expense	—		23,413		(23,413)		—
Ground rent expense	9,326		—		—		9,326
General and administrative expenses	55,947		—		—		55,947
Observatory expenses	—		23,206		—		23,206
Real estate taxes	119,967		—		—		119,967
Impairment charge	7,723		—		—		7,723
Depreciation and amortization	201,676		130		—		201,806
Total operating expenses	521,625		46,749		(23,413)		544,961
Total operating income (loss)	84,270		(5,137)		—		79,133
Other income (expense):
Interest income	701		3		—		704
Interest expense	(94,292)		(102)		—		(94,394)
Loss on early extinguishment of debt	(214)		—		—		(214)

Loss before income taxes	(9,535)		(5,236)		—		(14,771)
Income tax (expense) benefit	(613)		2,347		—		1,734
Net loss	$	(10,148)	$	(2,889)	$	—	$	(13,037)
Segment assets	$	4,037,122	$	245,325	$	—	$	4,282,447
Expenditures for segment assets	$	398,368	$	4	$	—	$	398,372


	2020
	Real Estate		Observatory		Intersegment Elimination		Total
Revenues:
Rental revenue	$	563,071	$	—	$	—	$	563,071
Intercompany rental revenue	17,827		—		(17,827)		—

Observatory revenue	—		29,057		—		29,057
Lease termination fees	9,416		—		—		9,416
Third-party management and other fees	1,225		—		—		1,225
Other revenue and fees	6,459		—		—		6,459
Total revenues	597,998		29,057		(17,827)		609,228
Operating expenses:
Property operating expenses	136,141		—		—		136,141
Intercompany rent expense	—		17,827		(17,827)		—
Ground rent expense	9,326		—		—		9,326
General and administrative expenses	62,244		—		—		62,244
Observatory expenses	—		23,723		—		23,723
Real estate taxes	121,923		—		—		121,923
Impairment charges	6,204		—		—		6,204
Depreciation and amortization	190,863		143		—		191,006
Total operating expenses	526,701		41,693		(17,827)		550,567
Total operating income (loss)	71,297		(12,636)		—		58,661
Other income (expense):
Interest income	2,542		95		—		2,637
Interest expense	(89,907)		—		—		(89,907)
Loss on early extinguishment of debt	(86)		—		—		(86)
IPO litigation expense	(1,165)		—		—		(1,165)
Loss before income taxes	(17,319)		(12,541)		—		(29,860)
Income tax (expense) benefit	(843)		7,814		—		6,971
Net loss	$	(18,162)	$	(4,727)	$	—	$	(22,889)
Segment assets	$	3,903,884	$	246,811	$	—	$	4,150,695
Expenditures for segment assets	$	101,306	$	2,754	$	—	$	104,060

During the fourth quarter 2021, we incurred a $7.7 million impairment charge relating to our property in Norwalk, Connecticut. Our methodology to calculate the fair value of the property involved a combination of the discounted cash flow method, utilizing Level 3 unobservable inputs such as market capitalization rates obtained from external sources, and the market based approach utilizing recent sales comparables.

During the second quarter 2020, we wrote off $4.1 million of prior expenditures on a Combined Heat Power/Redundancy onsite power generation project in our real estate segment that is rendered economically unviable due to New York City's Local Law 97 and from its measurement of carbon from natural gas combustion generates fines. During the third quarter 2020, we also wrote off $2.1 million of prior expenditures on a build-to-suit development project in our real estate segment that was halted due to reconsideration by the user driven by the COVID-19 pandemic. The $7.7 million and $6.2 million write-offs are shown as impairment charges in the consolidated statement of operations for the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively.

- Definition

The entire disclosure for reporting segments including data and tables. Reportable segments include those that meet any of the following quantitative thresholds a) it's reported revenue, including sales to external customers and intersegment sales or transfers is 10 percent or more of the combined revenue, internal and external, of all operating segments b) the absolute amount of its reported profit or loss is 10 percent or more of the greater, in absolute amount of 1) the combined reported profit of all operating segments that did not report a loss or 2) the combined reported loss of all operating segments that did report a loss c) its assets are 10 percent or more of the combined assets of all operating segments.

+ References

Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 280
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-Section 50
-Paragraph 31
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=126901519&loc=d3e8924-108599

Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
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Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
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Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
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Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
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Reference 12: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
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Reference 13: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
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+ Details

Subsequent Events	12 Months Ended
Subsequent Events	Dec. 31, 2022
Subsequent Events [Abstract]
Subsequent Events	Subsequent EventsNone.

Schedule III - Real Estate and Accumulated Depreciation

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2022

SEC Schedule, 12-28, Real Estate Companies, Investment in Real Estate and Accumulated Depreciation Disclosure [Abstract]

Schedule III - Real Estate and Accumulated Depreciation

Schedule III—Real Estate and Accumulated Depreciation

(amounts in thousands)


				Initial Cost to the Company				Cost Capitalized Subsequent to Acquisition				Gross Amount at which Carried at 12/31/22
Development	Type	Encumbrances		Land and Development Costs		Building & Improvements		Improvements		Carrying Costs		Land and Development Costs		Buildings & Improvements		Total		Accumulated Depreciation		Date of Construction	Date Acquired	Life on which depreciation in latest income statement is computed
111 West 33rd Street, New York, NY	office / retail	$	—	$	13,630	$	244,461	$	129,400	n/a		$	13,630	$	373,861	$	387,491	$	102,821	1954	2014	various
1400 Broadway, New York, NY	office / retail	—		—		96,338		99,511		n/a		—		195,849		195,849		62,721		1930	2014	various
1333 Broadway, New York, NY	office / retail	160,000		91,435		120,189		13,505		n/a		91,435		133,694		225,129		38,766		1915	2013	various
1350 Broadway, New York, NY	office / retail	—		—		102,518		43,218		n/a		—		145,736		145,736		47,750		1929	2013	various
250 West 57th Street, New York, NY	office/ retail	180,000		2,117		5,041		173,858		n/a		2,117		178,899		181,016		66,939		1921	1953	various
501 Seventh Avenue, New York, NY	office/ retail	—		1,100		2,600		102,027		n/a		1,100		104,627		105,727		53,647		1923	1950	various
1359 Broadway, New York, NY	office/ retail	—		1,233		1,809		70,051		n/a		1,233		71,860		73,093		28,960		1924	1953	various
350 Fifth Avenue (Empire State Building), New York, NY	office/ retail	—		21,551		38,934		1,022,237		n/a		21,551		1,061,170		1,082,721		392,159		1930	2013	various
One Grand Central Place, New York, NY	office/ retail	—		7,240		17,490		293,122		n/a		7,222		310,630		317,852		152,636		1930	1954	various
First Stamford Place, Stamford, CT	office	178,823		22,952		122,738		80,128		n/a		24,860		200,958		225,818		105,519		1986	2001	various
One Station Place, Stamford, CT (Metro Center)	office	82,596		5,313		28,602		36,575		n/a		5,313		65,177		70,490		37,901		1987	1984	various
10 Union Square, New York, NY	retail	50,000		5,003		12,866		5,574		n/a		5,003		18,440		23,443		9,444		1987	1996	various
1542 Third Avenue, New York, NY	retail	30,000		2,239		15,266		467		n/a		2,239		15,733		17,972		9,511		1991	1999	various
1010 Third Avenue, New York, NY and 77 West 55th Street, New York, NY	retail	35,831		4,462		15,819		2,821		n/a		4,462		18,640		23,102		10,457		1962	1998	various
69-97 Main Street, Westport, CT (1)	retail	—		2,782		15,766		6,862		n/a		2,782		22,628		25,410		9,441		1922	2003	various
103-107 Main Street, Westport, CT (1)	retail	—		1,243		7,043		371		n/a		1,260		7,397		8,657		3,184		1900	2006	various
345 E 94th Street NY	multi-family	51,465		44,228		55,766		1,044		n/a		44,228		56,811		101,039		1,698		2000	2021	various
Victory 561 10th Ave NY	multi-family	131,915		91,437		124,997		804		n/a		91,437		125,801		217,238		3,713		2004	2021	various
298 Mulberry, New York, NY	multi-family	—		40,935		69,509		514		n/a		41,126		69,832		110,958		—		1986	2022	various
Property for development at the Transportation Hub in Stamford, CT	land	—		4,541		—		8,167		n/a		12,708		—		12,708		—		n/a	n/a	n/a
Totals		$	900,630	$	363,441	$	1,097,752	$	2,090,256	$	—	$	373,706	$	3,177,743	$	3,551,449	$	1,137,267

1 Property sold on February 1, 2023.

Empire State Realty Trust, Inc.

Notes to Schedule III—Real Estate and Accumulated Depreciation

(amounts in thousands)

1. Reconciliation of Investment Properties

The changes in our investment properties for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020 are as follows:


	2022		2021		2020
Balance, beginning of year	$	3,500,917	$	3,133,966	$	3,109,433
Acquisition of new properties	110,444		316,428		—
Improvements	79,070		89,426		104,060
Property classified as held for sale	(61,965)		—		—
Disposals	(77,017)		(38,903)		(79,527)
Balance, end of year	$	3,551,449	$	3,500,917	$	3,133,966

The unaudited aggregate cost of investment properties for federal income tax purposes as of December 31, 2022 was $3.7 billion.

2. Reconciliation of Accumulated Depreciation

The changes in our accumulated depreciation for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020 are as follows:


	2022		2021		2020
Balance, beginning of year	$	1,072,938	$	941,612	$	862,534
Depreciation expense	179,872		162,667		158,605
Property classified as held for sale	(30,315)		—		—
Disposals	(85,228)		(31,341)		(79,527)
Balance, end of year	$	1,137,267	$	1,072,938	$	941,612

Depreciation of investment properties reflected in the combined statements of income is calculated over the estimated original lives of the assets as follows:


Buildings						39 years or useful life
Building improvements						39 years or useful life
Tenant improvements						Term of related lease

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Policies)	12 Months Ended
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Policies)	Dec. 31, 2022
Accounting Policies [Abstract]
Basis of Presentation and Principles of Consolidation	The accompanying consolidated financial statements, have been prepared in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”) and with the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission (the "SEC"), represent our assets and liabilities and operating results. The consolidated financial statements include our accounts and our partially owned and wholly owned subsidiaries as well as our Operating Partnership and its subsidiaries. All significant intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.
Consolidation, Variable Interest Entity	We consolidate entities in which we have a controlling financial interest. In determining whether we have a controlling financial interest in a partially owned entity and the requirement to consolidate the accounts of that entity, we consider factors such as ownership interest, board representation, management representation, authority to make decisions, and contractual and substantive participating rights of the partners/members as well as whether the entity is a variable interest entity (“VIE”) and whether we are the primary beneficiary. The primary beneficiary of a VIE is the entity that has (i) the power to direct the activities that most significantly impact the entity's economic performance and (ii) the obligation to absorb losses of the VIE or the right to receive benefits from the VIE that could be significant to the VIE. The primary beneficiary is required to consolidate the VIE. Empire State Realty Trust, Inc. has a variable interest in our Operating Partnership, Empire State Realty OP, L.P. and we are deemed to be the primary beneficiary. We also determined that the Operating Partnership has a variable interest in and is the primary beneficiary of ESRT 298 Mulberry, L.L.C. which is the entity through which we acquired a multifamily asset located at 298 Mulberry Street in Manhattan in December 2022 (see Note 3 Acquisitions and Dispositions). We will assess the accounting treatment for each investment we may have in the future. This assessment will include a review of each entity’s organizational agreement to determine which party has what rights and whether those rights are protective or participating. For all VIEs, we will review such agreements in order to determine which party has the power to direct the activities that most significantly impact the entity’s economic performance and benefit. In situations where we or our partner could approve, among other things, the annual budget, or leases that cover more than a nominal amount of space relative to the total rentable space at each property, we would not consolidate the investment as we consider these to be substantive participation rights that result in shared power of the activities that would most significantly impact the performance and benefit of such joint venture investment. A non-controlling interest in a consolidated subsidiary is defined as the portion of the equity (net assets) in a subsidiary not attributable, directly or indirectly, to a parent. Non-controlling interests are required to be presented as a separate component of equity in the consolidated balance sheets and in the consolidated statements of income by requiring earnings and other comprehensive income to be attributed to controlling and non-controlling interests.
Accounting Estimates	The preparation of the consolidated financial statements in accordance with GAAP requires management to use estimates and assumptions that in certain circumstances affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities, and the reported revenues and expenses. Significant items subject to such estimates and assumptions include allocation of the purchase price of acquired real estate properties among tangible and intangible assets, determination of the useful life of real estate properties and other long-lived assets, valuation and impairment analysis of commercial real estate properties, goodwill, right-of-use assets and other long-lived assets, estimate of tenant expense reimbursements, valuation of the allowance for doubtful accounts, and valuation of derivative instruments, ground lease liabilities, senior unsecured notes, mortgage notes payable, unsecured revolving credit and term loan facilities, and equity based compensation. These estimates are prepared using management’s best judgment, after considering past, current, and expected events and economic conditions. Actual results could differ from those estimates.
Revenue Recognition and Other Revenues and Fees	Rental Revenue Rental revenue includes base rents that each tenant pays in accordance with the terms of its respective lease and is reported on a straight-line basis over the non-cancellable term of the lease which includes the effects of rent steps and rent abatements under the leases. In general, we commence rental revenue recognition when the tenant takes possession of the leased space or controls the physical use of the leased space and the leased space is substantially ready for its intended use. We account for all of our leases as operating leases. Deferred rent receivables, including free rental periods and leasing arrangements allowing for increased base rent payments, are accounted for in a manner that provides an even amount of fixed lease revenues over the respective non-cancellable lease terms. Differences between rental income recognized and amounts due under the respective lease agreements are recognized as an increase or decrease to deferred rent receivables. In addition to base rent, our tenants also generally will pay their pro rata share of increases in real estate taxes and operating expenses for the building over a base year. In some leases, in lieu of paying additional rent based upon increases in building operating expenses, the tenant will pay additional rent based upon increases in an index such as the Consumer Price Index over the index value in effect during a base year, or contain fixed percentage increases over the base rent to cover escalations. We recognize rental revenue of acquired in-place above- and below-market leases at their fair values over the terms of the respective leases, including, for below-market leases, fixed option renewal periods, if any. Lease termination fees are recognized when the fees are determinable, tenant vacancy has occurred, collectability is reasonably assured, we have no continuing obligation to provide services to such former tenants and the payment is not subject to any conditions that must be met or waived. Observatory Revenue Revenues from the sale of observatory tickets are recognized upon admission or ticket expirations. Deferred revenue related to unused and unexpired tickets as of December 31, 2022 and 2021 was $1.4 million and $0.9 million, respectively, and is included in deferred revenue and other liabilities on the consolidated balance sheets. Gains on Sale/Disposition of Real Estate We record a gain on sale of real estate pursuant to provisions under Accounting Standards Codification (ASC) 610-20, Gains and Losses from the Derecognition of Nonfinancial Assets. Under ASC 610-20, we must first determine whether the transaction is a sale to a customer or non-customer. We do not sell real estate within the ordinary course of our business and therefore, expect that sale transactions will not be contracts with customers. We will next determine whether we would have a controlling financial interest in the property after the sale. If we determine that we do not have a controlling financial interest in the real estate, we would evaluate whether a contract exists under ASC 606 Revenue from Contracts with Customers and whether the buyer has obtained control of the asset that was sold. We recognize the full gain on sale of real estate when the derecognition criteria under ASC 610-20 have been met. Third-Party Management and Other Fees We earn revenue arising from contractual agreements with related party entities for asset and property management services. This revenue is recognized as the related services are performed under the respective agreements in place.Other revenues and fees includes parking income, legal, tax and insurance settlements, demand response energy use earnings and sales from our restaurant at the Empire State Building.
Advertising and Marketing Costs	Advertising and marketing costs are expensed as incurred.
Real Estate Properties and Related Intangible Assets	Land and buildings and improvements are recorded at cost less accumulated depreciation and amortization. The recorded cost includes cost of acquisitions, development and construction and tenant allowances and improvements. Expenditures for ordinary repairs and maintenance are charged to property operating expense as incurred. Significant replacements and betterments which improve or extend the life of the asset are capitalized. Tenant improvements which improve or extend the life of the asset are capitalized. If a tenant vacates its space prior to the contractual termination of its lease, the unamortized balance of any tenant improvements are written off if they are replaced or have no future value. For developed properties, direct and indirect costs that clearly relate to projects under development are capitalized. Costs include construction costs, professional services such as architectural and legal costs, capitalized interest and direct payroll costs. We begin capitalization when the project is probable. The assets relating to the project are stated at cost and are not depreciated. Once construction is completed and the assets are placed in service, the assets are reclassified to the appropriate asset class and depreciated in accordance with the useful lives as indicated below. Capitalization of interest ceases when the asset is ready for its intended use, which is generally near the date that a certificate of occupancy is obtained. There was no capitalized interest for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021. Depreciation and amortization are computed using the straight-line method for financial reporting purposes. Buildings and improvements are depreciated over the shorter of 39 years, the useful life, or the remaining term of any leasehold interest. Tenant improvement costs, which are included in building and improvements in the consolidated balance sheets, are depreciated over the shorter of (i) the related remaining lease term or (ii) the life of the improvement. Corporate and other equipment is depreciated over three to seven years. Acquisitions of properties are accounted for utilizing the acquisition method and accordingly the purchase cost is allocated to tangible and intangible assets and liabilities based on their fair values. The fair value of tangible assets acquired is determined by valuing the property as if it were vacant, applying methods similar to those used by independent appraisers of income-producing property. The resulting value is then allocated to land, buildings and improvements, and tenant improvements based on our determination of the fair value of these assets. The assumptions used in the allocation of fair values to assets acquired are based on our best estimates at the time of evaluation. Fair value is assigned to above-market and below-market leases based on the difference between (a) the contractual amounts to be paid by the tenant based on the existing lease and (b) our estimate of current market lease rates for the corresponding in-place leases, over the remaining terms of the in-place leases. Capitalized above-market lease amounts are amortized as a decrease to rental revenue over the remaining terms of the respective leases. Capitalized below-market lease amounts are amortized as an increase to rental revenue over the remaining terms of the respective leases. If a tenant vacates its space prior to the contractual termination of the lease and no rental payments are being made on the lease, any unamortized balance of the related intangible will be written off. The aggregate value of other acquired intangible assets consists of acquired ground leases and acquired in-place leases and tenant relationships. The fair value allocated to acquired in-place leases consists of a variety of components including, but not necessarily limited to: (a) the value associated with avoiding the cost of originating the acquired in-place leases (i.e. the market cost to execute a lease, including leasing commissions, if any); (b) the value associated with lost revenue related to tenant reimbursable operating costs estimated to be incurred during the assumed lease-up period (i.e. real estate taxes, insurance and other operating expenses); (c) the value associated with lost rental revenue from existing leases during the assumed lease-up period; and (d) the value associated with any other inducements to secure a tenant lease. We assess the potential for impairment of our long-lived assets, including real estate properties, annually or whenever events occur or a change in circumstances indicate that the recorded value might not be fully recoverable. We determine whether impairment in value has occurred by comparing the estimated future undiscounted cash flows expected from the use and eventual disposition of the asset to its carrying value. If the undiscounted cash flows do not exceed the carrying value, the real estate is adjusted to fair value and an impairment loss is recognized. Assets held for sale are recorded at the lower of cost or fair value less costs to sell and depreciation expense is no longer recorded.
Cash and Cash Equivalents and Restricted Cash	Cash and cash equivalents consist of cash on hand, government money markets, demand deposits with financial institutions and short-term liquid investments with original maturities of three months or less when purchased. Cash and cash equivalents held at major commercial banks may at times exceed the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation limit. To date, we have not experienced any losses on our invested cash.Restricted cash consists of amounts held for tenants in accordance with lease agreements such as security deposits and amounts held by lenders and/or escrow agents to provide for future real estate tax expenditures and insurance expenditures, tenant vacancy related costs and debt service obligations.
Short-term Investments	Short-term investments include time deposits with original maturities of greater than three months and remainingmaturities of less than one year.
Tenant and Other Receivables	Tenant and other receivables, other than deferred rent receivable, are generally expected to be collected within one year.
Deferred Leasing Costs and Deferred Financing Costs	Deferred leasing costs consist of fees incurred to initiate and renew leases, are amortized on a straight-line basis over the related lease term and the expense is included in depreciation and amortization in our consolidated statements of income. Upon the early termination of a lease, unamortized deferred leasing costs are charged to expense.Fees and costs incurred to obtain long-term financing have been deferred and are amortized as a component of interest expense in our consolidated statements of income over the life of the respective long-term financing on the straight-line method which approximates the effective interest method. Unamortized deferred financing costs are expensed when the associated debt is refinanced or repaid before maturity. Costs incurred in seeking debt, which do not close, are expensed in the period in which it is determined that the financing will not close.
Equity Method Investments	We account for investments under the equity method of accounting where we do not have control but have the ability to exercise significant influence. Under this method, investments are recorded at cost, and the investment accounts are adjusted for our share of the entities’ income or loss and for distributions and contributions. Equity income (loss) is allocated based on the portion of the ownership interest that is controlled by us. The agreements may designate different percentage allocations among investors for profits and losses; however, our recognition of the entity’s income or loss generally follows the entity’s distribution priorities, which may change upon the achievement of certain investment return thresholds. To the extent that we contributed assets to an entity, our investment in the entity is recorded at cost basis in the assets that were contributed to the entity. Upon contributing assets to an entity, we make a judgment as to whether the economic substance of the transaction is a sale. In accordance with the provisions of ASC 610-20, we will recognize a full gain on both the retained and sold portions of real estate contributed or sold to an entity by recognizing our new equity method investment interest at fair value. To the extent that the carrying amount of these investments on our combined balance sheets is different than the basis reflected at the entity level, the basis difference would be amortized over the life of the related asset and included in our share of equity in net income of the entity. On a periodic basis, we assess whether there are any indicators that the carrying value of our investments in entities may be impaired on an other than temporary basis. An investment is impaired only if management’s estimate of the fair value of the investment is less than the carrying value of the investment on an other than temporary basis. To the extent impairment has occurred, the loss shall be measured as the excess of the carrying value of the investment over the fair value of the investment. As of December 31, 2022 and 2021, we had no equity method investments.
Goodwill	Goodwill is tested annually for impairment and is tested for impairment more frequently if events and circumstances indicate that the asset might be impaired. An impairment loss is recognized to the extent that the carrying amount, including goodwill, exceeds the reporting unit’s fair value and the implied fair value of goodwill is less than the carrying amount of that goodwill. Non-amortizing intangible assets, such as trade names and trademarks, are subject to an annual impairment test based on fair value and amortizing intangible assets are tested whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount may not be recoverable.
Fair Value	Fair value is a market-based measurement, not an entity-specific measurement, and should be determined based on the assumptions that market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability. As a basis for considering market participant assumptions in fair value measurements, the FASB guidance establishes a fair value hierarchy that distinguishes between market participant assumptions based on market data obtained from sources independent of the reporting entity (observable inputs that are classified within levels one and two of the hierarchy) and the reporting entity's own assumptions about market participant assumptions (unobservable inputs classified within Level 3 of the hierarchy). The methodologies used for valuing financial instruments have been categorized into three broad levels as follows: Level 1 - Quoted prices in active markets for identical instruments. Level 2 - Valuations based principally on other observable market parameters, including: •Quoted prices in active markets for similar instruments; •Quoted prices in less active or inactive markets for identical or similar instruments; •Other observable inputs (such as risk free interest rates, yield curves, volatilities, prepayment speeds, loss severities, credit risks and default rates); and •Market corroborated inputs (derived principally from or corroborated by observable market data). Level 3 - Valuations based significantly on unobservable inputs, including: •Valuations based on third-party indications (broker quotes or counterparty quotes) which were, in turn, based significantly on unobservable inputs or were otherwise not supportable; and •Valuations based on internal models with significant unobservable inputs. These levels form a hierarchy. We follow this hierarchy for our financial instruments measured or disclosed at fair value on a recurring and nonrecurring basis and other required fair value disclosures. The classifications are based on the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement. We use the following methods and assumptions in estimating fair value disclosures for financial instruments. Cash and cash equivalents, restricted cash, short term investments, tenant and other receivables, prepaid expenses and other assets, deferred revenue, tenant security deposits, accounts payable and accrued expenses carrying values approximate their fair values due to the short term maturity of these instruments. The fair value of derivative instruments is determined using widely accepted valuation techniques, including discounted cash flow analysis on the expected cash flows of each derivative. Although the majority of the inputs used to value our derivatives fall within Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy, the credit valuation adjustments associated with our derivatives utilize Level 3 inputs, such as estimates of current credit spreads to evaluate the likelihood of default by ourselves and our counterparties. The impact of such credit valuation adjustments, determined based on the fair value of each individual contract, was not significant to the overall valuation. As a result, all of our derivatives were classified as Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy. The fair value of our mortgage notes payable, senior unsecured notes - Series A, B, C, D, E, F, G and H, and unsecured term loan facilities which are determined using Level 3 inputs, are estimated by discounting the future cash flows using current interest rates at which similar borrowings could be made to us.
Derivative Instruments	We are exposed to the effect of interest rate changes and manage these risks by following policies and procedures including the use of derivatives. To manage exposure to interest rates, derivatives are used primarily to fix the rate on debt based on floating-rate indices. We record all derivatives on the balance sheet at fair value. We incorporate credit valuation adjustments to appropriately reflect both our own nonperformance risk and the respective counterparty’s nonperformance risk in the fair value measurements. We measure the credit risk of our derivative instruments that are subject to master netting agreements on a net basis by counterparty portfolio. For derivatives that qualify as cash flow hedges, we report the gain or loss on the derivative designated as a hedge as part of other comprehensive income (loss) and subsequently reclassify the gain or loss into income in the period that the hedged transaction affects income.
Income Taxes	We elected to be subject to tax as a REIT under sections 856 through 860 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, (the "Code"), commencing with the taxable year ended December 31, 2013 and believe that our intended manner of operations will enable us to continue to meet the requirements for qualification and taxation as a REIT. REITs are subject to a number of organizational and operational requirements, including a requirement that 90% of ordinary “REIT taxable income” (as determined without regard to the dividends paid deduction or net capital gains) be distributed. As a REIT, we will generally not be subject to U.S. federal income tax to the extent that we meet the organizational and operational requirements and our distributions equal or exceed REIT taxable income. For all periods subsequent to the effective date of our REIT election, we have met the organizational and operational requirements and distributions have exceeded net taxable income. Accordingly, no provision has been made for federal income taxes. We have elected to treat ESRT Observatory TRS, L.L.C., our subsidiary that holds our observatory operations, and ESRT Holdings TRS, L.L.C., our subsidiary that holds our third party management, restaurant, cafeteria, health clubs and certain cleaning operations, as taxable REIT subsidiaries. Taxable REIT subsidiaries may participate in non-real estate activities and/or perform non-customary services for tenants and their operations are generally subject to regular corporate income taxes. Our taxable REIT subsidiaries accounts for its income taxes in accordance with GAAP, which includes an estimate of the amount of taxes payable or refundable for the current year and deferred tax liabilities and assets for the future tax consequences of events that have been recognized in our financial statements or tax returns. The calculation of the taxable REIT subsidiaries' tax provisions may require interpreting tax laws and regulations and could result in the use of judgments or estimates which could cause its recorded tax liability to differ from the actual amount due. Deferred income taxes reflect the net tax effects of temporary differences between the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities for financial reporting purposes and the amounts used for income tax purposes. The taxable REIT subsidiaries periodically assess the realizability of deferred tax assets and the adequacy of deferred tax liabilities, including the results of local, state, or federal statutory tax audits or estimates and judgments used. We apply provisions for measuring and recognizing tax benefits associated with uncertain income tax positions. Penalties and interest, if incurred, would be recorded as a component of income tax expense.
Share-Based Compensation	Share-based compensation for time-based equity awards is measured at the fair value of the award on the date of grant and recognized as an expense on a straight-line basis over the shorter of (i) the stated vesting period, which is generally three, four or five years, or (ii) the period from the date of grant to the date the employee becomes retirement eligible, which may occur upon grant. An employee is retirement eligible when the employee attains the (i) age of 65 for awards granted in 2020 and after and age of 60 for awards granted before 2020 and (ii) the date on which the employee has first completed ten years of continuous service with us or our affiliates. Share-based compensation for market-based equity awards and performance-based equity awards is measured at the fair value of the award on the date of grant and recognized as an expense on a straight-line basis over three or four years. Additionally, for the performance-based equity awards, we assess, at each reporting period, whether it is probable that the performance conditions will be satisfied. We recognize expense respective to the number of awards we expect to vest at the conclusion of the measurement period. Changes in estimate are accounted for in the period of change through a cumulative catch-up adjustment. Any forfeitures of share-based compensation awards are recognized as they occur. The determination of fair value of these awards is subjective and involves significant estimates and assumptions including expected volatility of our stock, expected dividend yield, expected term, and assumptions of whether these awards will achieve parity with other Operating Partnership units or achieve performance thresholds. We believe that the assumptions and estimates utilized are appropriate based on the information available to management at the time of grant.
Per Share Data	Basic and diluted earnings per share are computed based upon the weighted average number of shares outstanding during the respective period.
Segment Reporting	We have identified two reportable segments: (1) Real Estate and (2) Observatory. Our real estate segment includes all activities related to the ownership, management, operation, acquisition, repositioning and disposition of our real estate assets. Our observatory segment operates the 86th and 102nd floor observatories at the Empire State Building. These two lines of businesses are managed separately because each business requires different support infrastructures, provides different services and has dissimilar economic characteristics such as investments needed, stream of revenues and different marketing strategies. We account for intersegment sales and rent as if the sales or rent were to third parties, that is, at current market prices.
Recently Issued or Adopted Accounting Standards	During March 2020, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update ("ASU") 2020-04, Reference Rate Reform (Topic 848). ASU 2020-04 contains practical expedients for reference rate reform related activities that impact debt, leases, derivatives and other contracts. The guidance in ASU 2020-04 is optional and may be elected over time as reference rate reform activities occur. During the first quarter 2020, we elected to apply the hedge accounting expedients related to probability and the assessments of effectiveness for future LIBOR-indexed cash flows to assume that the index upon which future hedged transactions will be based matches the index on the corresponding derivatives. Application of these expedients preserves the presentation of derivatives consistent with past presentation. We continue to evaluate the impact of the guidance and may apply other elections as applicable as additional changes in the market occur.In December 2022, the FASB issued ASU 2022-06, Reference Rate Reform (Topic 848) Deferral of the Sunset Date of Topic 848 which defers the sunset date of ASU 2022-04, Reference Rate Reform (Topic 848): Facilitation of the Effects of Reference Rate Reform to December 31, 2024. ASU 2022-06 is effective immediately for all companies. ASU 2022-06 did not have an impact on our consolidated financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2022.

Acquisitions and Dispositions (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2022

Business Combination and Dispositions [Abstract]

Schedule of Allocation of Purchase Price for Assets and Liabilities Acquired

Assets and liabilities acquired are as follows (amounts in thousands):


						Intangibles
	Date Acquired	Land		Building and Improvements		Assets		Liabilities		Total *
298 Mulberry Street	12/20/2022	$	40,935	$	69,508	$	5,300	$	(150)	$	115,593
The Victory	12/22/2021	91,437		124,997		13,573		(19,895)		210,112
345 East 94th St.	12/22/2021	44,228		55,766		4,824		(5,491)		99,327
*Includes total capitalized transaction costs of $3.1 million.

Deferred Costs, Acquired Lease Intangibles and Goodwill (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2022

Deferred Costs, Capitalized, Prepaid, and Other Assets Disclosure [Abstract]

Schedule of Deferred Costs, Net

Deferred costs, net, consisted of the following at December 31, 2022 and 2021 (amounts in thousands):


	2022		2021
Leasing costs	$	218,707	$	211,189
Acquired in-place lease value and deferred leasing costs	160,683		166,491
Acquired above-market leases	27,833		33,289
	407,223		410,969
Less: accumulated amortization	(223,246)		(215,764)
Total deferred costs, net, excluding net deferred financing costs	$	183,977	$	195,205

Deferred financing costs, net, consisted of the following at December 31, 2022 and 2021 (amounts in thousands):


	2022		2021
Financing costs	$	43,473	$	44,637
Less: accumulated amortization	(26,753)		(22,525)
Total deferred financing costs, net	$	16,720	$	22,112

Schedule of Amortizing Acquired Intangible Assets and Liabilities

Amortizing acquired intangible assets and liabilities consisted of the following at December 31, 2022 and 2021 (amounts in thousands):


	2022		2021
Acquired below-market ground leases	$	396,916	$	396,916
Less: accumulated amortization	(67,843)		(60,012)
Acquired below-market ground leases, net	$	329,073	$	336,904


	2022		2021
Acquired below-market leases	$	(64,656)	$	(65,403)
Less: accumulated amortization	46,807		40,462
Acquired below-market leases, net	$	(17,849)	$	(24,941)

Schedule of Future Amortization Expense and Rental Revenue from Acquired Intangible Assets

We expect to recognize amortization expense and rental revenue from the acquired intangible assets and liabilities as follows (amounts in thousands):


For the year ending:	Future Ground Rent Amortization		Future Amortization Expense		Future Rental Revenue
2023	$	7,831	$	10,495	$	2,450
2024	7,831		7,140		1,913
2025	7,831		6,292		1,891
2026	7,831		5,406		1,093
2027	7,831		4,742		859
Thereafter	289,918		7,824		528
	$	329,073	$	41,899	$	8,734

Debt (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2022

Debt Disclosure [Abstract]

Schedule of Long Term Debt

Debt consisted of the following as of December 31, 2022 and 2021 (amounts in thousands):


					As of December 31, 2022
	Principal Balance as of December 31, 2022		Principal Balance as of December 31, 2021		Stated Rate		Effective Rate(1)		Maturity Date(2)
Fixed rate mortgage debt
Metro Center	$	82,596	$	85,032	3.59	%	3.67	%	11/5/2024
10 Union Square	50,000		50,000		3.70	%	3.97	%	4/1/2026
1542 Third Avenue	30,000		30,000		4.29	%	4.53	%	5/1/2027
First Stamford Place(3)	178,823		180,000		4.28	%	4.73	%	7/1/2027
1010 Third Avenue and 77 West 55th Street	35,831		36,670		4.01	%	4.21	%	1/5/2028
250 West 57th Street	180,000		180,000		2.83	%	3.21	%	12/1/2030
10 Bank Street (4)	—		31,091		—	%	—	%	—
383 Main Avenue(5)	—		30,000		—	%	—	%	—
1333 Broadway	160,000		160,000		4.21	%	4.29	%	2/5/2033
345 East 94th Street - Series A	43,600		43,600		70.0% of LIBOR plus 0.95%		3.56	%	11/1/2030
345 East 94th Street - Series B	7,865		8,650		LIBOR plus 2.24%		3.56	%	11/1/2030


561 10th Avenue - Series A	114,500		114,500		70.0% of LIBOR plus 1.07%		3.85	%	11/1/2033
561 10th Avenue - Series B	17,415		19,250		LIBOR plus 2.45%		3.85	%	11/1/2033

Total fixed rate mortgage debt	900,630		968,793

Senior unsecured notes: (6)
Series A	100,000		100,000		3.93	%	3.96	%	3/27/2025
Series B	125,000		125,000		4.09	%	4.12	%	3/27/2027
Series C	125,000		125,000		4.18	%	4.21	%	3/27/2030
Series D	115,000		115,000		4.08	%	4.11	%	1/22/2028
Series E	160,000		160,000		4.26	%	4.27	%	3/22/2030
Series F	175,000		175,000		4.44	%	4.45	%	3/22/2033
Series G	100,000		100,000		3.61	%	4.89	%	3/17/2032
Series H	75,000		75,000		3.73	%	5.00	%	3/17/2035
Unsecured revolving credit facility (6)(7)	—		—		SOFR plus 1.30%		—	%	3/31/2025
Unsecured term loan facility (6)(7)	215,000		215,000		SOFR plus 1.20%		4.22	%	3/19/2025
Unsecured term loan facility (6)(7)	175,000		175,000		SOFR plus 1.50%		4.51	%	12/31/2026
Total principal	2,265,630		2,333,793
Deferred financing costs, net	(11,748)		(14,881)
Unamortized debt discount	(7,745)		(8,547)
Total	$	2,246,137	$	2,310,365

______________

(1)The effective rate is the yield as of December 31, 2022 and includes the stated interest rate, deferred financing cost amortization and interest associated with variable to fixed interest rate swap agreements.

(2)Pre-payment is generally allowed for each loan upon payment of a customary pre-payment penalty.

(3)Represents a $164 million mortgage loan bearing interest of 4.09% and a $14.8 million loan bearing interest at 6.25%.

(4)10 Bank Street was sold in December 2022.

(5)Ownership of 383 Main Avenue, Norwalk CT was transferred to the lender during April 2022.

(6)At December 31, 2022, we were in compliance with all debt covenants.

(7)As of August 29, 2022, the benchmark index interest rate was converted from LIBOR to SOFR, plus a benchmark adjustment of 10.0 basis points.

Schedule of Maturities of Long-term Debt Principal Payments

Aggregate required principal payments at December 31, 2022 are as follows (amounts in thousands):


Year	Amortization		Maturities		Total
2023	$	8,632	$	—	$	8,632
2024	8,861		77,675		86,536
2025	6,893		315,000		321,893
2026	7,330		225,000		232,330
2027	6,461		319,000		325,461
Thereafter	22,079		1,268,699		1,290,778
Total principal maturities	$	60,256	$	2,205,374	$	2,265,630

Schedule of Deferred Financing Costs, Net

Deferred costs, net, consisted of the following at December 31, 2022 and 2021 (amounts in thousands):


	2022		2021
Leasing costs	$	218,707	$	211,189
Acquired in-place lease value and deferred leasing costs	160,683		166,491
Acquired above-market leases	27,833		33,289
	407,223		410,969
Less: accumulated amortization	(223,246)		(215,764)
Total deferred costs, net, excluding net deferred financing costs	$	183,977	$	195,205

Deferred financing costs, net, consisted of the following at December 31, 2022 and 2021 (amounts in thousands):


	2022		2021
Financing costs	$	43,473	$	44,637
Less: accumulated amortization	(26,753)		(22,525)
Total deferred financing costs, net	$	16,720	$	22,112

- Definition

Tabular disclosure of long-debt instruments or arrangements, including identification, terms, features, collateral requirements and other information necessary to a fair presentation. These are debt arrangements that originally required repayment more than twelve months after issuance or greater than the normal operating cycle of the entity, if longer.

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+ Details

Accounts Payable and Accrued Expenses (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2022

Payables and Accruals [Abstract]

Schedule of Accounts Payable and Accrued Expenses

Accounts payable and accrued expenses consist of the following as of December 31, 2022 and 2021 (amounts in thousands):


	2022		2021
Accrued capital expenditures	$	44,293	$	49,247
Accounts payable and accrued expenses	32,927		41,664

Interest rate swap agreements liability	—		25,308
Accrued interest payable	3,509		3,460
Due to affiliated companies	—		1,131
Total accounts payable and accrued expenses	$	80,729	$	120,810

Financial Instruments and Fair Values (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2022

Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract]

Schedule of the Terms of Agreements and Fair Values of Derivative Financial Instruments

The table below summarizes the terms of agreement and the fair value of our derivative financial instruments as of December 31, 2022 and 2021 (dollar amounts in thousands):


								December 31, 2022				December 31, 2021
Derivative	Notional Amount		Receive Rate	Pay Rate		Effective Date	Expiration Date	Asset		Liability		Asset		Liability
Interest rate swap	$	265,000	1 Month LIBOR	2.1485	%	August 31, 2017	August 24, 2022	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	(3,184)
Interest rate swap	36,820		70% of 1 Month LIBOR	2.5000	%	December 1, 2021	November 1, 2030	256		—		—		(4,527)
Interest rate swap	103,790		70% of 1 Month LIBOR	2.5000	%	December 1, 2021	November 1, 2033	365		—		—		(15,945)
Interest rate swap	10,710		70% of 1 Month LIBOR	1.7570	%	December 1, 2021	November 1, 2033	643		—		—		(754)
Interest rate swap	17,544		1 Month LIBOR	2.2540	%	December 1, 2021	November 1, 2030	1,070		—		—		(898)
Interest rate cap	6,780		70% of 1 Month LIBOR	4.5000	%	December 1, 2021	October 1, 2024	8		—		5		—
Interest rate cap	9,188		1 Month LIBOR	5.5000	%	December 1, 2021	October 1, 2024	26		—		8		—
Interest rate swap	175,000		SOFR Compound	2.5620	%	August 31, 2022	December 31, 2026	8,040		—		—		—
Interest rate swap	107,500		SOFR Compound	2.6260	%	August 19, 2022	March 19, 2025	3,766		—		—		—
Interest rate swap	107,500		SOFR OIS Compound	2.6280	%	August 19, 2022	March 19, 2025	3,762		—		—		—
								$	17,936	$	—	$	13	$	(25,308)

Schedule of Effect of Derivative Financial Instruments Designated as Cash Flow Hedges

The table below shows the effect of our derivative financial instruments designated as cash flow hedges on accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020 (amounts in thousands):


Effects of Cash Flow Hedges	December 31, 2022		December 31, 2021		December 31, 2020
Amount of gain (loss) recognized in other comprehensive income (loss)	$	40,044	$	348	$	(19,322)
Amount of loss reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) into interest expense	(7,230)		(11,653)		(8,870)

The table below shows the effect of our derivative financial instruments designated as cash flow hedges on the consolidated statements of operations for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020 (amounts in thousands):


Effects of Cash Flow Hedges	December 31, 2022		December 31, 2021		December 31, 2020
Total interest expense presented on the consolidated statements of income in which the effects of cash flow hedges are recorded	$	(101,206)	$	(94,394)	$	(89,907)
Amount of loss reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) into interest expense	(7,230)		(11,653)		(8,870)

Schedule of the Aggregate Carrying Value of Debt and Estimates of Fair Value of Financial Instruments

The following tables summarize the carrying and estimated fair values of our financial instruments as of December 31, 2022 and 2021 (amounts in thousands):


	December 31, 2022
	Carrying Value	Estimated Fair Value
		Total	Level 1	Level 2	Level 3

Interest rate swaps included in prepaid expenses and other assets	17,936	17,936	—	17,936	—
Mortgage notes payable	883,705	783,648	—	—	783,648

Senior unsecured notes - Series A, B, C, D, E, F, G and H	973,659	865,292	—	—	865,292
Unsecured term loan facilities	388,773	390,000	—	—	390,000


	December 31, 2021
	Carrying Value	Estimated Fair Value
		Total	Level 1	Level 2	Level 3

Interest rate swaps included in accounts payable and accrued expenses	25,308	25,308	—	25,308	—
Mortgage notes payable	948,769	960,933	—	—	960,933

Senior unsecured notes - Series A, B, C, D, E and F	973,373	994,389	—	—	994,389
Unsecured term loan facility	388,223	390,000	—	—	390,000

Leases (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2022

Leases [Abstract]

Schedule of Components of Rental Revenue

The components of rental revenue for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020 are as follows (amounts in thousands):


	Year Ended December 31,
	2022		2021		2020
Fixed payments	$	531,740	$	500,847	$	496,515
Variable payments	59,308		58,843		66,556
Total rental revenue	$	591,048	$	559,690	$	563,071

Schedule of Future Contractual Minimum Lease Payments on Non-Cancellable Operating Leases to be Received (Current Year-to-Date)

As of December 31, 2022, we were entitled to the following future contractual minimum lease payments (excluding operating expense reimbursements) on non-cancellable operating leases to be received which expire on various dates through 2040 (amounts in thousands):


2023	$	490,849
2024	492,438
2025	464,150
2026	424,881
2027	405,017
Thereafter	1,749,941
	$	4,027,276

Schedule of Future Minimum Lease Payments to be Paid

As of December 31, 2022, the following table summarizes our future minimum lease payments with the amounts discounted by our incremental borrowing rates to calculate the lease liabilities of our leases (amounts in thousands):


2023	$	1,518
2024	1,518
2025	1,518
2026	1,503
2027	1,482
Thereafter	62,277
Total undiscounted lease payments	69,816
Present value discount	(41,146)
Ground lease liabilities	$	28,670

Commitments and Contingencies (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2022

Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure [Abstract]

Schedule of Percent of Total Rental Revenue

For the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020, the six properties listed below accounted for the highest respective percentages of total rental revenues.


	Year Ended December 31,
	2022		2021		2020
Empire State Building	29.9	%	31.7	%	32.8	%
One Grand Central Place	12.4	%	12.6	%	12.4	%
111 West 33rd Street	11.2	%	11.3	%	10.5	%
1400 Broadway	8.3	%	8.9	%	8.0	%
250 West 57th Street	6.0	%	5.8	%	5.7	%
First Stamford Place	4.7	%	5.2	%	5.4	%

Schedule of Contributions to Multiemployer Plans

Contributions we made to the multi-employer plans for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020 are included in the table below (amounts in thousands):


	For the Year Ended December 31,
Benefit Plan	2022		2021		2020
Pension Plans (pension and annuity)*	$	2,958	$	2,165	$	2,383
Health Plans**	8,618		6,214		6,873
Other***	460		305		416
Total plan contributions	$	12,036	$	8,684	$	9,672

* Pension plans include $0.8 million, $0.7 million and $0.8 million for the years ended 2022, 2021 and 2020, respectively, to multiemployer plans not discussed above.

** Health plans include $1.5 million, $1.4 million and $1.4 million for the years ended 2022, 2021 and 2020, respectively, to multiemployer plans not discussed above.

*** Other consists of union costs which were not itemized between pension and health plans. Other includes $0.2 million, $0.2 million and $0.3 million for the years ended 2022, 2021 and 2020, respectively, in connection with other multiemployer plans not discussed above.

- Definition

Tabular disclosure of information about multiemployer plan.

+ References

Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 715
-SubTopic 80
-Section 50
-Paragraph 5
-Subparagraph (f)(2)
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=65877416&loc=SL14450657-114947

Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 715
-SubTopic 80
-Section 50
-Paragraph 5
-Subparagraph (d)
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=65877416&loc=SL14450657-114947

Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 715
-SubTopic 80
-Section 50
-Paragraph 5
-Subparagraph (c)
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=65877416&loc=SL14450657-114947

Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 715
-SubTopic 80
-Section 50
-Paragraph 5
-Subparagraph (e)(1)
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=65877416&loc=SL14450657-114947

Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 715
-SubTopic 80
-Section 55
-Paragraph 8
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=35742348&loc=SL14450788-114948

Reference 6: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 715
-SubTopic 80
-Section 50
-Paragraph 5
-Subparagraph (b)
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=65877416&loc=SL14450657-114947

Reference 7: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 715
-SubTopic 80
-Section 50
-Paragraph 9
-Subparagraph (a)
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=65877416&loc=SL14450691-114947

Reference 8: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 715
-SubTopic 80
-Section 50
-Paragraph 5
-Subparagraph (e)(2)
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=65877416&loc=SL14450657-114947

Reference 9: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 715
-SubTopic 80
-Section 50
-Paragraph 9
-Subparagraph (b)
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=65877416&loc=SL14450691-114947

Reference 10: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 715
-SubTopic 80
-Section 50
-Paragraph 5
-Subparagraph (f)(1)
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=65877416&loc=SL14450657-114947

Reference 11: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 715
-SubTopic 80
-Section 50
-Paragraph 5
-Subparagraph (a)
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=65877416&loc=SL14450657-114947

+ Details

Equity (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2022

Equity [Abstract]

Schedule of Equity Securities Repurchased

The following table summarizes our purchases of equity securities for the year ended December 31, 2022:


Period	Total Number of Shares Purchased	Average Price Paid Per Share		Total Number of Shares Purchased as Part of Publicly Announced Plan	Maximum Approximate Dollar Value Available for Future Purchase (in thousands)
Year ended December 31, 2022	11,571,133	$	7.79	11,571,133	$	409,824

Schedule of Dividends Declared

The following table summarizes the dividends paid on our Class A common stock and Class B common stock for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020:

Record Date

Payment Date

Amount per Share

December 19, 2022

December 31, 2022

$0.035

September 15, 2022

September 30, 2022

$0.035

June 15, 2022

June 30, 2022

$0.035

March 15, 2022

March 31, 2022

$0.035

December 20, 2021

December 31, 2021

$0.035

September 15, 2021

September 30, 2021

$0.035

June 15, 2021

June 30, 2021

$0.035

June 19, 2020

June 30, 2020

$0.105

March 16, 2020

March 31, 2020

$0.105

Schedule of Restricted Stock and Long-Term Incentive Plan Activity

The following is a summary of restricted stock and LTIP unit activity for the year ended December 31, 2022:


	Restricted Stock	Time-based LTIPs	Market-based LTIPs	Performance-based LTIPs	Weighted Average Grant Fair Value
Unvested balance at December 31, 2021	214,408	2,499,592	5,039,134	—	$	7.02
Vested	(69,545)	(1,300,504)	(113,576)	(35,695)	9.28
Granted	232,448	1,514,434	780,155	578,943	7.21
Forfeited or unearned	(18,018)	—	(1,635,176)	(32,259)	6.84
Unvested balance at December 31, 2022	359,293	2,713,522	4,070,537	510,989	$	6.69

Schedule of Earnings Per Share, Basic and Diluted

Earnings per share for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020 is computed as follows (amounts in thousands, except per share amounts):


	For the Year Ended December 31,
	2022		2021		2020
Numerator - Basic:
Net income (loss)	$	63,212	$	(13,037)	$	(22,889)
Private perpetual preferred unit distributions	(4,201)		(4,201)		(4,197)
Net (income) loss attributable to non-controlling interest in operating partnership	(22,812)		6,527		10,374

Net income attributable to non-controlling interests in other partnerships	243		—		—
Earnings allocated to unvested shares	—		(26)		(60)
Net income (loss) attributable to common stockholders - basic	$	36,442	$	(10,737)	$	(16,772)

Numerator - Diluted:
Net income (loss)	$	63,212	$	(13,037)	$	(22,889)
Private perpetual preferred unit distributions	(4,201)		(4,201)		(4,197)

Net income attributable to non-controlling interests in other partnerships	243		—		—
Earnings allocated to unvested shares	—		(26)		(60)
Net income (loss) attributable to common stockholders - diluted	$	59,254	$	(17,264)	$	(27,146)

Denominator:
Weighted average shares outstanding - basic	165,039		172,445		175,169
Operating partnership units	103,298		104,975		108,657
Effect of dilutive securities:
Stock-based compensation plans	1,611		—		11

Weighted average shares outstanding - diluted	269,948		277,420		283,837

Earnings per share - basic	$	0.22	$	(0.06)	$	(0.10)
Earnings per share - diluted	$	0.22	$	(0.06)	$	(0.10)

Income Taxes (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2022

Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]

Schedule of Components of Income Tax Expense

Holdings TRS and Observatory TRS are taxable entities and their consolidated provision for income taxes consisted of the following for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020 (amounts in thousands):


	For the Year Ended December 31,
	2022		2021		2020
Current:
Federal	$	(319)	$	(266)	$	4,932
State and local	(227)		(347)		2,699
Total current	(546)		(613)		7,631
Deferred:
Federal	(264)		1,206		(340)
State and local	(736)		1,141		(320)
Total deferred	(1,000)		2,347		(660)
Income tax (expense) benefit	$	(1,546)	$	1,734	$	6,971

Schedule of Actual Tax Provision Differed From Federal Statutory Corporate Rate

The actual tax provision differed from that computed at the federal statutory corporate rate as follows (amounts in thousands):


	For the Year Ended December 31,
	2022		2021		2020
Federal tax benefit (expense) at statutory rate	$	(583)	$	940	$	2,544
State income tax benefit (expense), net of federal benefit	(963)		794		2,379
Corporate income tax rate adjustment	—		—		2,048
Income tax (expense) benefit	$	(1,546)	$	1,734	$	6,971

Schedule of Deferred Tax Assets

The income tax effects of temporary differences that give rise to deferred tax assets are presented below as of December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020 (amounts in thousands):


	2022		2021		2020
Deferred tax assets:
Deferred revenue on unredeemed observatory admission ticket sales	$	535	$	383	$	256
Federal net operating loss carryforward credit	969		1,393		—
New York State net operating loss carryforward credit	250		612		—
New York City net operating loss carryforward credit	233		704		334
Other deferred tax assets	261		—		—
Deferred tax assets	$	2,248	$	3,092	$	590

Segment Reporting (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2022

Segment Reporting [Abstract]

Schedule of Segment Reporting Information, by Segment

The following tables provide components of segment profit for each segment for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020 (amounts in thousands):


	2022
	Real Estate		Observatory		Intersegment Elimination		Total
Revenues:
Rental revenue	$	591,048	$	—	$	—	$	591,048
Intercompany rental revenue	65,005		—		(65,005)		—
Observatory revenue	—		105,978		—		105,978
Lease termination fees	20,032		—		—		20,032
Third-party management and other fees	1,361		—		—		1,361
Other revenue and fees	8,622		—		—		8,622
Total revenues	686,068		105,978		(65,005)		727,041
Operating expenses:
Property operating expenses	157,935		—		—		157,935
Intercompany rent expense	—		65,005		(65,005)		—
Ground rent expense	9,326		—		—		9,326
General and administrative expenses	61,765		—		—		61,765
Observatory expenses	—		31,036		—		31,036
Real estate taxes	123,057		—		—		123,057

Depreciation and amortization	216,707		187		—		216,894
Total operating expenses	568,790		96,228		(65,005)		600,013
Total operating income	117,278		9,750		—		127,028
Other income (expense):
Interest income	4,901		47		—		4,948
Interest expense	(101,206)		—		—		(101,206)
Gain on sale/disposition of properties	33,988		—		—		33,988


Income before income taxes	54,961		9,797		—		64,758
Income tax expense	(584)		(962)		—		(1,546)
Net income	$	54,377	$	8,835	$	—	$	63,212
Segment assets	$	3,909,299	$	254,295	$	—	$	4,163,594
Expenditures for segment assets	$	85,646	$	315	$	—	$	85,961


	2021
	Real Estate		Observatory		Intersegment Elimination		Total
Revenues:
Rental revenue	$	559,690	$	—	$	—	$	559,690
Intercompany rental revenue	23,413		—		(23,413)		—

Observatory revenue	—		41,474		—		41,474
Lease termination fees	16,230		—		—		16,230
Third-party management and other fees	1,219		—		—		1,219
Other revenue and fees	5,343		138		—		5,481
Total revenues	605,895		41,612		(23,413)		624,094
Operating expenses:
Property operating expenses	126,986		—		—		126,986
Intercompany rent expense	—		23,413		(23,413)		—
Ground rent expense	9,326		—		—		9,326
General and administrative expenses	55,947		—		—		55,947
Observatory expenses	—		23,206		—		23,206
Real estate taxes	119,967		—		—		119,967
Impairment charge	7,723		—		—		7,723
Depreciation and amortization	201,676		130		—		201,806
Total operating expenses	521,625		46,749		(23,413)		544,961
Total operating income (loss)	84,270		(5,137)		—		79,133
Other income (expense):
Interest income	701		3		—		704
Interest expense	(94,292)		(102)		—		(94,394)
Loss on early extinguishment of debt	(214)		—		—		(214)

Loss before income taxes	(9,535)		(5,236)		—		(14,771)
Income tax (expense) benefit	(613)		2,347		—		1,734
Net loss	$	(10,148)	$	(2,889)	$	—	$	(13,037)
Segment assets	$	4,037,122	$	245,325	$	—	$	4,282,447
Expenditures for segment assets	$	398,368	$	4	$	—	$	398,372


	2020
	Real Estate		Observatory		Intersegment Elimination		Total
Revenues:
Rental revenue	$	563,071	$	—	$	—	$	563,071
Intercompany rental revenue	17,827		—		(17,827)		—

Observatory revenue	—		29,057		—		29,057
Lease termination fees	9,416		—		—		9,416
Third-party management and other fees	1,225		—		—		1,225
Other revenue and fees	6,459		—		—		6,459
Total revenues	597,998		29,057		(17,827)		609,228
Operating expenses:
Property operating expenses	136,141		—		—		136,141
Intercompany rent expense	—		17,827		(17,827)		—
Ground rent expense	9,326		—		—		9,326
General and administrative expenses	62,244		—		—		62,244
Observatory expenses	—		23,723		—		23,723
Real estate taxes	121,923		—		—		121,923
Impairment charges	6,204		—		—		6,204
Depreciation and amortization	190,863		143		—		191,006
Total operating expenses	526,701		41,693		(17,827)		550,567
Total operating income (loss)	71,297		(12,636)		—		58,661
Other income (expense):
Interest income	2,542		95		—		2,637
Interest expense	(89,907)		—		—		(89,907)
Loss on early extinguishment of debt	(86)		—		—		(86)
IPO litigation expense	(1,165)		—		—		(1,165)
Loss before income taxes	(17,319)		(12,541)		—		(29,860)
Income tax (expense) benefit	(843)		7,814		—		6,971
Net loss	$	(18,162)	$	(4,727)	$	—	$	(22,889)
Segment assets	$	3,903,884	$	246,811	$	—	$	4,150,695
Expenditures for segment assets	$	101,306	$	2,754	$	—	$	104,060

Description of Business and Organization - Narrative (Details) ft² in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022 ft² property entity property_unit parcel	Feb. 01, 2023 property
Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements Disclosure [Line Items]
Area of real estate property (in sqft) \| ft²	9.7
Percentage of real estate property occupied	85.20%
Percentage of real estate property, including lease not yet commenced	88.60%
Number of entities to be treated as taxable REIT subsidiary \| entity	2
Empire state realty trust \| Empire state realty OP
Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements Disclosure [Line Items]
OP units owned by the company (as a percent)	59.40%
Office building
Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements Disclosure [Line Items]
Area of real estate property (in sqft) \| ft²	8.9
Percentage of real estate property occupied	85.10%
Percentage of real estate property, including lease not yet commenced	88.30%
Number of offices and properties \| property	12
Office building \| Manhattan
Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements Disclosure [Line Items]
Area of real estate property (in sqft) \| ft²	7.6
Number of offices and properties \| property	9
Office building \| Fairfield County, Connecticut and Westchester County, New York
Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements Disclosure [Line Items]
Area of real estate property (in sqft) \| ft²	1.3
Number of offices and properties \| property	3
Office building \| Stamford, Connecticut
Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements Disclosure [Line Items]
Area of real estate property (in sqft) \| ft²	0.4
Long-term ground leasehold interests
Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements Disclosure [Line Items]
Number of offices and properties \| parcel	3
Office Building and Multifamily \| Manhattan
Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements Disclosure [Line Items]
Area of real estate property (in sqft) \| ft²	0.5
Retail site
Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements Disclosure [Line Items]
Percentage of real estate properties leased	97.60%
Retail site \| Manhattan and Westport, Connecticut
Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements Disclosure [Line Items]
Area of real estate property (in sqft) \| ft²	0.2
Retail site \| Manhattan
Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements Disclosure [Line Items]
Number of offices and properties \| property	4
Retail site \| Westport, Connecticut
Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements Disclosure [Line Items]
Number of offices and properties \| property	2
Retail site \| Westport, Connecticut \| Subsequent Event \| Disposal Group, Disposed of by Sale, Not Discontinued Operations \| 69-97 and 103-107 Main Street
Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements Disclosure [Line Items]
Number of offices and properties \| property		2
Multifamily
Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements Disclosure [Line Items]
Number of offices and properties \| property	3
Percentage of real estate properties leased	96.30%
Number of property units \| property_unit	721

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies - Narrative (Details)	3 Months Ended	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2021 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2022 USD ($) segment	Dec. 31, 2021 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2020 USD ($)
Accounting Policies [Line Items]
Deferred revenue	$ 900,000	$ 1,400,000	$ 900,000
Advertising and marketing expense		10,800,000	7,900,000	$ 7,400,000
Capitalized interest		$ 0	0
Number of reportable segments \| segment		2
Granted In 2020 And After
Accounting Policies [Line Items]
Retirement age (in years)		65 years
Granted Before 2020
Accounting Policies [Line Items]
Retirement age (in years)		60 years
Time-based LTIPs
Accounting Policies [Line Items]
Threshold of continuous service for retirement eligibility (in years)		10 years
383 Main Avenue \| Fixed rate mortgage debt
Accounting Policies [Line Items]
Fixed rate debt	30,000,000	$ 0	$ 30,000,000
Minimum \| Time-based LTIPs
Accounting Policies [Line Items]
Award vesting period (in years)		3 years
Minimum \| Market-based LTIPs
Accounting Policies [Line Items]
Award vesting period (in years)		3 years
Maximum \| Time-based LTIPs
Accounting Policies [Line Items]
Award vesting period (in years)		5 years
Maximum \| Market-based LTIPs
Accounting Policies [Line Items]
Award vesting period (in years)		4 years
Median \| Time-based LTIPs
Accounting Policies [Line Items]
Award vesting period (in years)		4 years
Building and building improvements
Accounting Policies [Line Items]
Impairment charges	$ 7,700,000
Building and building improvements \| Minimum
Accounting Policies [Line Items]
Useful life (in years)		39 years
Corporate equipment \| Minimum
Accounting Policies [Line Items]
Useful life (in years)		3 years
Corporate equipment \| Maximum
Accounting Policies [Line Items]
Useful life (in years)		7 years

Acquisitions and Dispositions - Acquisitions - Narrative (Details) $ in Millions	Dec. 20, 2022 USD ($) property_unit	Dec. 22, 2021 USD ($) multifamily_asset
Fetner Properties \| Victory 561 10th Avenue and 345 East 94th Street
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Ownership retention percentage (as a percent)		10.00%
298 Mulberry Street
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Proportion of interest acquired (as a percent)	100.00%
Consideration paid	$ 114.9
Number of property units \| property_unit	96
Victory 561 10th Avenue and 345 East 94th Street
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Proportion of interest acquired (as a percent)		90.00%
Consideration paid		$ 307.0
Number of acquisitions \| multifamily_asset		2
Victory 561 10th Avenue
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Debt assumed		$ 134.0
Effective rate (as a percent)		3.85%
345 East 94th St.
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Debt assumed		$ 52.0
Effective rate (as a percent)		3.56%

Acquisitions and Dispositions - Schedule of Allocation of the Purchase Price for Assets and Liabilities Acquired (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 20, 2022	Dec. 22, 2021
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Capitalized transaction costs	$ 3,100
298 Mulberry Street
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Land		$ 40,935
Building and Improvements		69,508
Intangible Assets		5,300
Intangible Liabilities		(150)
Total		$ 115,593
The Victory
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Land			$ 91,437
Building and Improvements			124,997
Intangible Assets			13,573
Intangible Liabilities			(19,895)
Total			210,112
345 East 94th St.
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Land			44,228
Building and Improvements			55,766
Intangible Assets			4,824
Intangible Liabilities			(5,491)
Total			$ 99,327

Acquisitions and Dispositions - Dispositions - Narrative (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands		1 Months Ended		12 Months Ended
	Dec. 07, 2022	Apr. 30, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020	Feb. 01, 2023
Income Statement, Balance Sheet and Additional Disclosures by Disposal Groups, Including Discontinued Operations [Line Items]
Mortgage notes payable, net			$ 948,769	$ 883,705	$ 948,769
Gain on sale/disposition of properties				33,988	0	$ 0
Impairment charges				0	7,723	$ 6,204
Assets			0	35,538	$ 0
383 Main Avenue, Norwalk, CT
Income Statement, Balance Sheet and Additional Disclosures by Disposal Groups, Including Discontinued Operations [Line Items]
Mortgage notes payable, net		$ 30,000
Gain on sale/disposition of properties		$ 27,200
Impairment charges			$ 7,700
10 Bank Street
Income Statement, Balance Sheet and Additional Disclosures by Disposal Groups, Including Discontinued Operations [Line Items]
Mortgage notes payable, net	$ 30,000
Disposal Group, Disposed of by Sale, Not Discontinued Operations \| 10 Bank Street
Income Statement, Balance Sheet and Additional Disclosures by Disposal Groups, Including Discontinued Operations [Line Items]
Gain on sale/disposition of properties	6,800
Assets	$ 42,000
Disposal Group, Disposed of by Sale, Not Discontinued Operations \| 69-97 and 103-107 Main Street \| Subsequent Event
Income Statement, Balance Sheet and Additional Disclosures by Disposal Groups, Including Discontinued Operations [Line Items]
Assets							$ 40,000
Disposal Group, Held-for-sale, Not Discontinued Operations \| 500 Mamaroneck Avenue
Income Statement, Balance Sheet and Additional Disclosures by Disposal Groups, Including Discontinued Operations [Line Items]
Assets				$ 53,000

Deferred Costs, Acquired Lease Intangibles and Goodwill - Schedule of Deferred Costs, Net (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Deferred Costs [Line Items]
Leasing costs	$ 218,707	$ 211,189
Total deferred costs, gross amount	407,223	410,969
Less: accumulated amortization	(223,246)	(215,764)
Total deferred costs, net, excluding net deferred financing costs	183,977	195,205
Acquired in-place lease value and deferred leasing costs
Deferred Costs [Line Items]
Acquired finite-lived intangible assets, gross	160,683	166,491
Acquired above-market leases
Deferred Costs [Line Items]
Acquired finite-lived intangible assets, gross	$ 27,833	$ 33,289

Deferred Costs, Acquired Lease Intangibles and Goodwill - Narrative (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2013
Deferred Costs [Line Items]
Amortization of deferred leasing and acquired deferred leasing costs	$ 25,400	$ 28,600	$ 24,800
Rental revenue related to the amortization of below-market leases, net of above-market leases	4,759	5,896	3,627
Goodwill	491,479	491,479
Empire State Building observatory operations
Deferred Costs [Line Items]
Goodwill				$ 227,500
Empire State Building
Deferred Costs [Line Items]
Goodwill				250,800
501 Seventh Avenue
Deferred Costs [Line Items]
Goodwill				$ 13,200
Future Amortization Expense
Deferred Costs [Line Items]
Amortization expense related to acquired lease intangibles	$ 11,800	10,500	$ 7,600
Future Ground Rent Amortization
Deferred Costs [Line Items]
Weighted-average amortization period (in years)	22 years 7 months 6 days
In-place leases and deferred leasing costs
Deferred Costs [Line Items]
Weighted-average amortization period (in years)	3 years 6 months
Above-market leases
Deferred Costs [Line Items]
Weighted-average amortization period (in years)	3 years 8 months 12 days
Below-market Lease
Deferred Costs [Line Items]
Weighted-average amortization period (in years)	3 years 1 month 6 days
Revolving credit facility \| Unsecured revolving credit facility
Deferred Costs [Line Items]
Net deferred financing costs	$ 5,000	$ 7,200

Deferred Costs, Acquired Lease Intangibles and Goodwill - Acquired Leases (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Acquired below-market ground leases, net
Acquired below-market ground leases	$ 396,916	$ 396,916
Less: accumulated amortization	(67,843)	(60,012)
Acquired below-market ground leases, net	329,073	336,904
Acquired below-market leases, net
Acquired below-market leases	(64,656)	(65,403)
Less: accumulated amortization	46,807	40,462
Acquired below-market leases, net	$ (17,849)	$ (24,941)

Deferred Costs, Acquired Lease Intangibles and Goodwill - Future Amortization Expense and Rental Revenue (Details) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2022 USD ($)
Future Rental Revenue [Abstract]
2023	$ 2,450
2024	1,913
2025	1,891
2026	1,093
2027	859
Thereafter	528
Future Rental Revenue	8,734
Future Ground Rent Amortization
Future Amortization Expense [Abstract]
2023	7,831
2024	7,831
2025	7,831
2026	7,831
2027	7,831
Thereafter	289,918
Future Amortization Expense	329,073
Future Amortization Expense
Future Amortization Expense [Abstract]
2023	10,495
2024	7,140
2025	6,292
2026	5,406
2027	4,742
Thereafter	7,824
Future Amortization Expense	$ 41,899

Debt - Schedule of Long term Debt (Details)	12 Months Ended
Debt - Schedule of Long term Debt (Details)	Dec. 31, 2022 USD ($)	Aug. 29, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021 USD ($)
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Outstanding borrowings	$ 0		$ 0
Total principal	2,265,630,000
Deferred financing costs, net	(16,720,000)		(22,112,000)
Interest rate, adjustment benchmark		0.00100
Mortgages, senior notes, and unsecured term loan facilities, not including unsecured revolving credit facility
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Total principal	2,265,630,000		2,333,793,000
Deferred financing costs, net	(11,748,000)		(14,881,000)
Unamortized debt discount	(7,745,000)		(8,547,000)
Total	2,246,137,000		2,310,365,000
Metro Center \| Fixed rate mortgage debt
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Fixed rate debt	$ 82,596,000		85,032,000
Stated Rate (as a percent)	3.59%
Effective rate (as a percent)	3.67%
10 Union Square \| Fixed rate mortgage debt
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Fixed rate debt	$ 50,000,000		50,000,000
Stated Rate (as a percent)	3.70%
Effective rate (as a percent)	3.97%
1542 Third Avenue \| Fixed rate mortgage debt
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Fixed rate debt	$ 30,000,000		30,000,000
Stated Rate (as a percent)	4.29%
Effective rate (as a percent)	4.53%
First Stamford Place \| Fixed rate mortgage debt
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Fixed rate debt	$ 178,823,000		180,000,000
Stated Rate (as a percent)	4.28%
Effective rate (as a percent)	4.73%
First Stamford Place - First Lien \| Fixed rate mortgage debt
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Stated Rate (as a percent)	4.09%
Face amount	$ 164,000,000
First Stamford Place - Second Lien \| Fixed rate mortgage debt
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Stated Rate (as a percent)	6.25%
Face amount	$ 14,800,000
1010 Third Avenue and 77 West 55th Street \| Fixed rate mortgage debt
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Fixed rate debt	$ 35,831,000		36,670,000
Stated Rate (as a percent)	4.01%
Effective rate (as a percent)	4.21%
250 West 57th Street \| Fixed rate mortgage debt
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Fixed rate debt	$ 180,000,000		180,000,000
Stated Rate (as a percent)	2.83%
Effective rate (as a percent)	3.21%
10 Bank Street (4) \| Fixed rate mortgage debt
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Fixed rate debt	$ 0		31,091,000
Stated Rate (as a percent)	0.00%
Effective rate (as a percent)	0.00%
383 Main Avenue \| Fixed rate mortgage debt
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Fixed rate debt	$ 0		30,000,000
Stated Rate (as a percent)	0.00%
Effective rate (as a percent)	0.00%
1333 Broadway \| Fixed rate mortgage debt
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Fixed rate debt	$ 160,000,000		160,000,000
Stated Rate (as a percent)	4.21%
Effective rate (as a percent)	4.29%
345 East 94th Street - Series A \| Fixed rate mortgage debt
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Fixed rate debt	$ 43,600,000		43,600,000
Effective rate (as a percent)	3.56%
345 East 94th Street - Series A \| Revolving credit facility \| LIBOR
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Variable rate, effective percentage (as a percent)	70.00%
Basis spread on variable rate (as a percent)	0.95%
345 East 94th Street - Series B \| Fixed rate mortgage debt
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Fixed rate debt	$ 7,865,000		8,650,000
Effective rate (as a percent)	3.56%
345 East 94th Street - Series B \| Revolving credit facility \| LIBOR
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Basis spread on variable rate (as a percent)	2.24%
561 10th Avenue - Series A \| Fixed rate mortgage debt
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Fixed rate debt	$ 114,500,000		114,500,000
Effective rate (as a percent)	3.85%
561 10th Avenue - Series A \| Revolving credit facility \| LIBOR
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Variable rate, effective percentage (as a percent)	70.00%
Basis spread on variable rate (as a percent)	1.07%
561 10th Avenue - Series B \| Fixed rate mortgage debt
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Fixed rate debt	$ 17,415,000		19,250,000
Effective rate (as a percent)	3.85%
561 10th Avenue - Series B \| Revolving credit facility \| LIBOR
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Basis spread on variable rate (as a percent)	2.45%
Total fixed rate mortgage debt \| Fixed rate mortgage debt
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Fixed rate debt	$ 900,630,000		968,793,000
Series A \| Senior unsecured notes
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Total	$ 100,000,000		100,000,000
Stated Rate (as a percent)	3.93%
Effective rate (as a percent)	3.96%
Series B \| Senior unsecured notes
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Total	$ 125,000,000		125,000,000
Stated Rate (as a percent)	4.09%
Effective rate (as a percent)	4.12%
Series C \| Senior unsecured notes
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Total	$ 125,000,000		125,000,000
Stated Rate (as a percent)	4.18%
Effective rate (as a percent)	4.21%
Series D \| Senior unsecured notes
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Total	$ 115,000,000		115,000,000
Stated Rate (as a percent)	4.08%
Effective rate (as a percent)	4.11%
Series E \| Senior unsecured notes
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Total	$ 160,000,000		160,000,000
Stated Rate (as a percent)	4.26%
Effective rate (as a percent)	4.27%
Series F \| Senior unsecured notes
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Total	$ 175,000,000		175,000,000
Stated Rate (as a percent)	4.44%
Effective rate (as a percent)	4.45%
Series G \| Senior unsecured notes
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Total	$ 100,000,000		100,000,000
Stated Rate (as a percent)	3.61%
Effective rate (as a percent)	4.89%
Series H \| Senior unsecured notes
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Total	$ 75,000,000		75,000,000
Stated Rate (as a percent)	3.73%
Effective rate (as a percent)	5.00%
Unsecured revolving credit facility \| Revolving credit facility
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Outstanding borrowings	$ 0		0
Effective rate (as a percent)	0.00%
Unsecured revolving credit facility \| Revolving credit facility \| SOFR
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Basis spread on variable rate (as a percent)	1.30%
Unsecured term loan facilities \| Revolving credit facility
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Outstanding borrowings	$ 215,000,000		215,000,000
Effective rate (as a percent)	4.22%
Unsecured term loan facilities \| Revolving credit facility \| SOFR
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Basis spread on variable rate (as a percent)	1.20%
Unsecured term loan facilities \| Revolving credit facility
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Outstanding borrowings	$ 175,000,000		$ 175,000,000
Effective rate (as a percent)	4.51%
Unsecured term loan facilities \| Revolving credit facility \| SOFR
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Basis spread on variable rate (as a percent)	1.50%

Debt - Schedule of Maturities of Long-term Debt (Details) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2022 USD ($)
Amortization
2023	$ 8,632
2024	8,861
2025	6,893
2026	7,330
2027	6,461
Thereafter	22,079
Total principal maturities	60,256
Maturities
2023	0
2024	77,675
2025	315,000
2026	225,000
2027	319,000
Thereafter	1,268,699
Total principal maturities	2,205,374
Total
2023	8,632
2024	86,536
2025	321,893
2026	232,330
2027	325,461
Thereafter	1,290,778
Total principal maturities	$ 2,265,630

Debt - Deferred Financing Costs (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
Debt Disclosure [Abstract]
Financing costs	$ 43,473	$ 44,637
Less: accumulated amortization	(26,753)	(22,525)
Total deferred financing costs, net	16,720	22,112
Amortization of financing costs	$ 4,900	$ 4,500	$ 4,100

Debt - Mortgage Debt (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended	12 Months Ended
Debt - Mortgage Debt (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Impairment charges		$ 0	$ 7,723	$ 6,204
Mortgages \| 383 Main Avenue
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Mortgage debt	$ 30,000	$ 0	$ 30,000
Impairment charges	$ 7,700

Debt - Unsecured Revolving Credit and Term Loan Facilities (Details) - USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Outstanding borrowings	$ 0	$ 0
Unsecured term loan facility \| Credit Facility
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Maximum borrowing capacity	1,065,000,000.000
Unsecured term loan facility \| Unsecured revolving credit facility
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Maximum borrowing capacity	850,000,000
Outstanding borrowings	0	0
Unsecured term loan facility \| Unsecured term loan facilities
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Maximum borrowing capacity	215,000,000
Outstanding borrowings	215,000,000	215,000,000
Unsecured term loan facility \| Unsecured term loan facilities
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Maximum borrowing capacity	175,000,000
Accordion feature, new maximum borrowing capacity	225,000,000
Outstanding borrowings	$ 175,000,000	$ 175,000,000

- Definition

The carrying value as of the balance sheet date of the current and noncurrent portions of long-term obligations drawn from a line of credit, which is a bank's commitment to make loans up to a specific amount. Examples of items that might be included in the application of this element may consist of letters of credit, standby letters of credit, and revolving credit arrangements, under which borrowings can be made up to a maximum amount as of any point in time conditional on satisfaction of specified terms before, as of and after the date of drawdowns on the line. Includes short-term obligations that would normally be classified as current liabilities but for which (a) postbalance sheet date issuance of a long term obligation to refinance the short term obligation on a long term basis, or (b) the enterprise has entered into a financing agreement that clearly permits the enterprise to refinance the short-term obligation on a long term basis and the following conditions are met (1) the agreement does not expire within 1 year and is not cancelable by the lender except for violation of an objectively determinable provision, (2) no violation exists at the BS date, and (3) the lender has entered into the financing agreement is expected to be financially capable of honoring the agreement.

+ References + Details

Accounts Payable and Accrued Expenses (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Payables and Accruals [Abstract]
Accrued capital expenditures	$ 44,293	$ 49,247
Accounts payable and accrued expenses	32,927	41,664
Interest rate swap agreements liability	0	25,308
Accrued interest payable	3,509	3,460
Due to affiliated companies	0	1,131
Total accounts payable and accrued expenses	$ 80,729	$ 120,810

- Definition

Carrying amount as of the balance sheet date of obligations due all related parties.

+ References

Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 235
-SubTopic 10
-Section S99
-Paragraph 1
-Subparagraph (SX 210.4-08(k)(1))
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=120395691&loc=d3e23780-122690

Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 470
-SubTopic 10
-Section S99
-Paragraph 1B
-Subparagraph (SX 210.13-02(a)(4)(iii)(C))
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=126975872&loc=SL124442552-122756

Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 470
-SubTopic 10
-Section S99
-Paragraph 1B
-Subparagraph (SX 210.13-02(a)(5))
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=126975872&loc=SL124442552-122756

Reference 4: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 944
-SubTopic 210
-Section S99
-Paragraph 1
-Subparagraph (SX 210.7-03.17)
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=126734703&loc=d3e572229-122910

Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 470
-SubTopic 10
-Section S99
-Paragraph 1A
-Subparagraph (SX 210.13-01(a)(4)(iv))
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=126975872&loc=SL124442526-122756

Reference 6: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 470
-SubTopic 10
-Section S99
-Paragraph 1A
-Subparagraph (SX 210.13-01(a)(4)(iii)(B))
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=126975872&loc=SL124442526-122756

Reference 7: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 470
-SubTopic 10
-Section S99
-Paragraph 1A
-Subparagraph (SX 210.13-01(a)(5))
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=126975872&loc=SL124442526-122756

Reference 8: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 470
-SubTopic 10
-Section S99
-Paragraph 1B
-Subparagraph (SX 210.13-02(a)(4)(iv))
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=126975872&loc=SL124442552-122756

Reference 9: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 942
-SubTopic 210
-Section S99
-Paragraph 1
-Subparagraph (SX 210.9-03.15(3),(4))
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=126897435&loc=d3e534808-122878

Reference 10: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 850
-SubTopic 10
-Section 50
-Paragraph 1
-Subparagraph (d)
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=6457730&loc=d3e39549-107864

+ Details

Financial Instruments and Fair Values - Narrative (Details) - USD ($)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020	Aug. 22, 2022	May 31, 2022
Derivative [Line Items]
Interest rate swap agreements liability	$ 0	$ 25,308,000
Designated as hedging instrument \| Cash flow hedging
Derivative [Line Items]
Loss expected to be reclassified within twelve months	6,300,000
Revolving credit facility \| Term Loans
Derivative [Line Items]
Percentage bearing fixed interest				100.00%
Interest Rate Swap and Interest Rate Cap \| Designated as hedging instrument \| Cash flow hedging
Derivative [Line Items]
Interest rate swaps included in prepaid expenses and other assets	17,900,000
Interest rate swap agreements liability		25,300,000
Aggregate notional value	574,800,000	451,300,000
Net unrealized gains (losses) on valuation of interest rate swap agreements	$ 47,300,000	$ 12,000,000
Interest rate swaps
Derivative [Line Items]
Aggregate notional value					$ 390,000,000
Notional amount, expiring					$ 265,000,000
Interest Rate Swap, Three Month LIBOR, 2.9580% \| Designated as hedging instrument \| Cash flow hedging \| LIBOR
Derivative [Line Items]
Notional amount			$ 125,000,000
Payment of termination settlement fee			$ 20,300,000

Financial Instruments and Fair Values - Terms of Agreements and Fair Value (Details) - Designated as hedging instrument - Cash flow hedging - USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Derivatives, Fair Value [Line Items]
Asset	$ 17,936,000	$ 13,000
Liability	0	(25,308,000)
LIBOR \| Interest Rate Swap, One Month LIBOR, 2.1485%
Derivatives, Fair Value [Line Items]
Notional Amount	$ 265,000,000
Pay Rate	2.1485%
Asset	$ 0	0
Liability	0	(3,184,000)
LIBOR \| Interest Rate Swap, One Month LIBOR, 2.5000 %, Swap Number 1
Derivatives, Fair Value [Line Items]
Notional Amount	$ 36,820,000
Receive Rate (as a percent)	70.00%
Pay Rate	2.50%
Asset	$ 256,000	0
Liability	0	(4,527,000)
LIBOR \| Interest Rate Swap, One Month LIBOR, 2.5000%, Swap Number 2
Derivatives, Fair Value [Line Items]
Notional Amount	$ 103,790,000
Receive Rate (as a percent)	70.00%
Pay Rate	2.50%
Asset	$ 365,000	0
Liability	0	(15,945,000)
LIBOR \| Interest Rate Swap, One Month LIBOR, 2.9580%
Derivatives, Fair Value [Line Items]
Notional Amount	$ 10,710,000
Receive Rate (as a percent)	70.00%
Pay Rate	1.757%
Asset	$ 643,000	0
Liability	0	(754,000)
LIBOR \| Interest Rate Swap, One Month LIBOR, 2.2540%
Derivatives, Fair Value [Line Items]
Notional Amount	$ 17,544,000
Pay Rate	2.254%
Asset	$ 1,070,000	0
Liability	0	(898,000)
LIBOR \| Interest Rate Cap, One Month LIBOR, 4.5000%
Derivatives, Fair Value [Line Items]
Notional Amount	$ 6,780,000
Receive Rate (as a percent)	70.00%
Pay Rate	4.50%
Asset	$ 8,000	5,000
Liability	0	0
LIBOR \| Interest Rate Cap, One Month LIBOR, 5.5000%
Derivatives, Fair Value [Line Items]
Notional Amount	$ 9,188,000
Pay Rate	5.50%
Asset	$ 26,000	8,000
Liability	0	0
SOFR \| Interest Rate Swap, SOFR Compound, 2.5620%
Derivatives, Fair Value [Line Items]
Notional Amount	$ 175,000,000
Pay Rate	2.562%
Asset	$ 8,040,000	0
Liability	0	0
SOFR \| Interest Rate Swap, SOFR Compound, 2.6260%
Derivatives, Fair Value [Line Items]
Notional Amount	$ 107,500,000
Pay Rate	2.626%
Asset	$ 3,766,000	0
Liability	0	0
SOFR \| Interest Rate Swap, SOFR OIS Compound, 2.6280%
Derivatives, Fair Value [Line Items]
Notional Amount	$ 107,500,000
Pay Rate	2.628%
Asset	$ 3,762,000	0
Liability	$ 0	$ 0

Financial Instruments and Fair Values - Gain and Loss of Cash Flow Hedges (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
Derivative Instruments, Gain (Loss) [Line Items]
Amount of gain (loss) recognized in other comprehensive income (loss)	$ 40,044	$ 348	$ (19,322)
Amount of loss reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) into interest expense	(7,230)	(11,653)	(8,870)
Interest expense	(101,206)	(94,394)	(89,907)
Interest rate swaps
Derivative Instruments, Gain (Loss) [Line Items]
Amount of gain (loss) recognized in other comprehensive income (loss)	40,044	348	(19,322)
Amount of loss reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) into interest expense	(7,230)	(11,653)	(8,870)
Interest rate swaps \| Reclassification out of Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income \| Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)
Derivative Instruments, Gain (Loss) [Line Items]
Interest expense	$ (7,230)	$ (11,653)	$ (8,870)

Financial Instruments and Fair Values - Schedule of the aggregate carrying value of debt and estimates of fair value (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Fair Value, Balance Sheet Grouping, Financial Statement Captions [Line Items]
Interest rate swaps included in prepaid expenses and other assets	$ 0	$ 25,308
Carrying Value \| Revolving credit facility \| Unsecured term loan facilities
Fair Value, Balance Sheet Grouping, Financial Statement Captions [Line Items]
Long-term debt, fair value	388,773	388,223
Carrying Value \| Mortgage notes payable
Fair Value, Balance Sheet Grouping, Financial Statement Captions [Line Items]
Long-term debt, fair value	883,705	948,769
Carrying Value \| Senior unsecured notes \| Senior unsecured notes - Series A, B, C, D, E, F, G and H
Fair Value, Balance Sheet Grouping, Financial Statement Captions [Line Items]
Long-term debt, fair value	973,659	973,373
Carrying Value \| Interest rate swaps
Fair Value, Balance Sheet Grouping, Financial Statement Captions [Line Items]
Interest rate swaps included in prepaid expenses and other assets	17,936
Interest rate swaps included in prepaid expenses and other assets		25,308
Estimated Fair Value \| Revolving credit facility \| Unsecured term loan facilities
Fair Value, Balance Sheet Grouping, Financial Statement Captions [Line Items]
Long-term debt, fair value	390,000	390,000
Estimated Fair Value \| Mortgage notes payable
Fair Value, Balance Sheet Grouping, Financial Statement Captions [Line Items]
Long-term debt, fair value	783,648	960,933
Estimated Fair Value \| Senior unsecured notes \| Senior unsecured notes - Series A, B, C, D, E, F, G and H
Fair Value, Balance Sheet Grouping, Financial Statement Captions [Line Items]
Long-term debt, fair value	865,292	994,389
Estimated Fair Value \| Level 1 \| Revolving credit facility \| Unsecured term loan facilities
Fair Value, Balance Sheet Grouping, Financial Statement Captions [Line Items]
Long-term debt, fair value	0	0
Estimated Fair Value \| Level 1 \| Mortgage notes payable
Fair Value, Balance Sheet Grouping, Financial Statement Captions [Line Items]
Long-term debt, fair value	0	0
Estimated Fair Value \| Level 1 \| Senior unsecured notes \| Senior unsecured notes - Series A, B, C, D, E, F, G and H
Fair Value, Balance Sheet Grouping, Financial Statement Captions [Line Items]
Long-term debt, fair value	0	0
Estimated Fair Value \| Level 2 \| Revolving credit facility \| Unsecured term loan facilities
Fair Value, Balance Sheet Grouping, Financial Statement Captions [Line Items]
Long-term debt, fair value	0	0
Estimated Fair Value \| Level 2 \| Mortgage notes payable
Fair Value, Balance Sheet Grouping, Financial Statement Captions [Line Items]
Long-term debt, fair value	0	0
Estimated Fair Value \| Level 2 \| Senior unsecured notes \| Senior unsecured notes - Series A, B, C, D, E, F, G and H
Fair Value, Balance Sheet Grouping, Financial Statement Captions [Line Items]
Long-term debt, fair value	0	0
Estimated Fair Value \| Level 3 \| Revolving credit facility \| Unsecured term loan facilities
Fair Value, Balance Sheet Grouping, Financial Statement Captions [Line Items]
Long-term debt, fair value	390,000	390,000
Estimated Fair Value \| Level 3 \| Mortgage notes payable
Fair Value, Balance Sheet Grouping, Financial Statement Captions [Line Items]
Long-term debt, fair value	783,648	960,933
Estimated Fair Value \| Level 3 \| Senior unsecured notes \| Senior unsecured notes - Series A, B, C, D, E, F, G and H
Fair Value, Balance Sheet Grouping, Financial Statement Captions [Line Items]
Long-term debt, fair value	865,292	994,389
Estimated Fair Value \| Interest rate swaps
Fair Value, Balance Sheet Grouping, Financial Statement Captions [Line Items]
Interest rate swaps included in prepaid expenses and other assets	17,936
Interest rate swaps included in prepaid expenses and other assets		25,308
Estimated Fair Value \| Interest rate swaps \| Level 1
Fair Value, Balance Sheet Grouping, Financial Statement Captions [Line Items]
Interest rate swaps included in prepaid expenses and other assets	0
Interest rate swaps included in prepaid expenses and other assets		0
Estimated Fair Value \| Interest rate swaps \| Level 2
Fair Value, Balance Sheet Grouping, Financial Statement Captions [Line Items]
Interest rate swaps included in prepaid expenses and other assets	17,936
Interest rate swaps included in prepaid expenses and other assets		25,308
Estimated Fair Value \| Interest rate swaps \| Level 3
Fair Value, Balance Sheet Grouping, Financial Statement Captions [Line Items]
Interest rate swaps included in prepaid expenses and other assets	$ 0
Interest rate swaps included in prepaid expenses and other assets		$ 0

Leases - Narrative (Details) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2022 USD ($) property	Dec. 31, 2021 USD ($)
Operating Leases [Line Items]
Number of properties subject to ground leases \| property	3
Right of use assets	$ 28,670	$ 28,892
Lease liabilities	$ 28,670	$ 28,892
Weighted average discount rate (as a percent)	4.50%
Weighted average remaining lease term (in years)	47 years 4 months 24 days
Minimum
Operating Leases [Line Items]
Term of contract, lessor (in years)	1 year
Maximum
Operating Leases [Line Items]
Term of contract, lessor (in years)	21 years

Leases - Components of Rental Revenue (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
Leases [Abstract]
Fixed payments	$ 531,740	$ 500,847	$ 496,515
Variable payments	59,308	58,843	66,556
Total rental revenue	$ 591,048	$ 559,690	$ 563,071

Leases - Future Contractual Minimum Lease Payments On Non-Cancellable Operating Leases To Be Received, Current Year (Details) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2022 USD ($)
Leases [Abstract]
2023	$ 490,849
2024	492,438
2025	464,150
2026	424,881
2027	405,017
Thereafter	1,749,941
Total future minimum lease payments on non-cancellable operating leases to be received	$ 4,027,276

Leases - Future Minimum Lease Payments on Ground Leases, Current Year (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Leases [Abstract]
2023	$ 1,518
2024	1,518
2025	1,518
2026	1,503
2027	1,482
Thereafter	62,277
Total undiscounted lease payments	69,816
Present value discount	(41,146)
Ground lease liabilities	$ 28,670	$ 28,892

Commitments and Contingencies - Litigation (Details) - New york state supreme court, new york county $ in Millions		1 Months Ended
	Aug. 26, 2020 USD ($)	Oct. 31, 2014 participant
Loss Contingencies [Line Items]
Number of plaintiffs opting out of settlement (participant) \| participant		12
Amount awarded to claimants \| $	$ 1.2
Interest period (in years)	7 years

Commitments and Contingencies - Unfunded Capital Expenditures (Details) $ in Millions	Dec. 31, 2022 USD ($)
Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure [Abstract]
Unfunded capital expenditures	$ 118.3

Commitments and Contingencies - Major Customers and Other Concentrations (Details) - Customer concentration risk - Rental revenue - office_property	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
Concentration Risk [Line Items]
Number of properties	6	6	6
Empire State Building
Concentration Risk [Line Items]
Concentration risk percentage (as a percent)	29.90%	31.70%	32.80%
One Grand Central Place
Concentration Risk [Line Items]
Concentration risk percentage (as a percent)	12.40%	12.60%	12.40%
111 West 33rd Street
Concentration Risk [Line Items]
Concentration risk percentage (as a percent)	11.20%	11.30%	10.50%
1400 Broadway
Concentration Risk [Line Items]
Concentration risk percentage (as a percent)	8.30%	8.90%	8.00%
250 West 57th Street
Concentration Risk [Line Items]
Concentration risk percentage (as a percent)	6.00%	5.80%	5.70%
First Stamford Place
Concentration Risk [Line Items]
Concentration risk percentage (as a percent)	4.70%	5.20%	5.40%
Tenant 1
Concentration Risk [Line Items]
Concentration risk percentage (as a percent)	6.40%	4.60%	6.90%
Tenant 2
Concentration Risk [Line Items]
Concentration risk percentage (as a percent)	2.00%	3.30%
Tenant 3
Concentration Risk [Line Items]
Concentration risk percentage (as a percent)		2.80%	3.50%
Tenant 4
Concentration Risk [Line Items]
Concentration risk percentage (as a percent)		2.10%

Commitments and Contingencies - Multiemployer Pension and Defined Contribution Plans Narrative (Details) - Building Service 32BJ - USD ($) $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2021	Jun. 30, 2020
Pension Plans
Multiemployer Plans [Line Items]
Plan contributions	$ 290.1	$ 291.3
Health Plans
Multiemployer Plans [Line Items]
Plan contributions	$ 1,500.0	$ 1,600.0

Commitments and Contingencies - Schedule of Contributions made to Multiemployer Plans (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
Multiemployer Plans [Line Items]
Contributions	$ 12,036	$ 8,684	$ 9,672
Pension Plans
Multiemployer Plans [Line Items]
Contributions	2,958	2,165	2,383
Contributions, insignificant	800	700	800
Health Plans
Multiemployer Plans [Line Items]
Contributions	8,618	6,214	6,873
Contributions, insignificant	1,500	1,400	1,400
Other
Multiemployer Plans [Line Items]
Contributions	460	305	416
Contributions, insignificant	$ 200	$ 200	$ 300

Equity - Shares and Units (Details)	12 Months Ended
Equity - Shares and Units (Details)	Dec. 31, 2022 USD ($) shares	May 16, 2019 shares
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
OP Unit redemption for cash term (in years)	1 year
OP Unit exchange ratio to common stock	1
Conversion rate basis	1
Percentage of dividends on common stock received until performance criteria met for LTIP units (as a percent)	10.00%
Percentage of dividends on common stock received after performance criteria met for LTIP units (as a percent)	90.00%
Percentage of dividends on common stock received in periods after performance criteria met for LTIP units (as a percent)	100.00%
OP units outstanding (in shares)	271,000,000
Stock repurchase authorized amount \| $	$ 500,000,000
Empire state realty trust
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
OP units owned by the company (in shares)	161,100,000
Empire state realty trust \| Empire state realty OP
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
OP units owned by the company (as a percent)	59.40%
Other partners, certain directors, officers and other members of executive management
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
OP units not owned by the company (in shares)	109,900,000
Other partners, certain directors, officers and other members of executive management \| Empire state realty OP
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
OP units not owned by the company, (as a percent)	40.50%
2019 Plan
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Number of shares authorized under the plan (in shares)	11,000,000	11,000,000

Equity - Equity Securities Repurchased (Details) $ / shares in Units, $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022 USD ($) $ / shares shares
Equity [Abstract]
Total Number of Shares Purchased (in shares) \| shares	11,571,133
Average Price Paid Per Share (in USD per share) \| $ / shares	$ 7.79
Maximum Approximate Dollar Value Available for Future Purchase \| $	$ 409,824

Equity - Private Perpetual Preferred Units (Details) - $ / shares	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
Preferred Units [Line Items]
Dividends per share (in USD per share)	$ 0.14	$ 0.105	$ 0.21
Private Perpetual Preferred Units, Series 2019
Preferred Units [Line Items]
Private perpetual preferred units, issued (in shares)	4,664,038	4,664,000
Private perpetual preferred units, liquidation preference per share (in USD per share)	$ 13.52	$ 13.52
Cumulative cash distributions (in USD per share)	$ 0.70
Private Perpetual Preferred Units, Series 2014
Preferred Units [Line Items]
Private perpetual preferred units, issued (in shares)	1,560,000	1,560,000
Private perpetual preferred units (in shares)	1,560,360
Private perpetual preferred units, liquidation preference per share (in USD per share)	$ 16.62	$ 16.62
Dividends per share (in USD per share)	$ 0.60

Equity - Dividends and Distributions (Details) - USD ($) $ / shares in Units, $ in Thousands										12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022	Sep. 30, 2022	Jun. 30, 2022	Mar. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021	Sep. 30, 2021	Jun. 30, 2021	Jun. 30, 2020	Mar. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
Equity [Abstract]
Partial dividend paid, per common share (in USD per share)	$ 0.035	$ 0.035	$ 0.035	$ 0.035	$ 0.035	$ 0.035	$ 0.035	$ 0.105	$ 0.105
Payments of ordinary dividends, common stock										$ 23,109	$ 18,110	$ 37,181
Distributions paid to OP unitholders										15,500	10,500	23,700
Private perpetual preferred unit distributions										$ 4,201	$ 4,201	$ 4,197
Dividends per share (in USD per share)										$ 0.14	$ 0.105	$ 0.21
Dividends paid, percent taxable as ordinary dividends										10000.00%	16.20%	100.00%
Dividends paid, percent taxable as return of capital										0.00%	83.80%	0.00%

Equity - Incentive and Share-based Compensation (Details) $ / shares in Units, $ in Thousands	1 Months Ended	12 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2022 USD ($) vesting_installment shares	Dec. 31, 2022 USD ($) $ / shares shares	Dec. 31, 2021 USD ($) $ / shares	Dec. 31, 2020 USD ($) $ / shares	May 16, 2019 shares
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Period of service, upon completion of which, grantee's LTIP unit and restricted stock awards will immediately vest (in years)		10 years
Granted ( in USD per share) \| $ / shares		$ 7.21
Awards that meet age and service requirements for vesting
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Noncash share-based compensation expense recognized \| $		$ 2,300	$ 1,300	$ 2,600
Unrecognized compensation expense \| $		$ 800
Unrecognized compensation expense, period for recognition (in years)		3 years 1 month 6 days
Awards that do not meet age and service requirements for vesting
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Noncash share-based compensation expense recognized \| $		$ 18,700	$ 19,000	22,900
Unrecognized compensation expense \| $		$ 25,200
Unrecognized compensation expense, period for recognition (in years)			2 years 4 months 24 days
Minimum
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Age of grantee at which LTIP unit and restricted stock awards immediately vest (in years)		60 years
Maximum
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Age of grantee at which LTIP unit and restricted stock awards immediately vest (in years)		65 years
Time-based LTIPs
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Granted (in shares)		1,514,434
Threshold of continuous service for retirement eligibility (in years)		10 years
Time-based LTIPs \| Minimum
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Award vesting period (in years)		3 years
Time-based LTIPs \| Maximum
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Award vesting period (in years)		5 years
Time-based LTIPs \| Median
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Award vesting period (in years)		4 years
Market-based LTIPs
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Granted (in shares)		780,155
Market-based LTIPs \| Minimum
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Award vesting period (in years)		3 years
Market-based LTIPs \| Maximum
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Award vesting period (in years)		4 years
Performance-based LTIPs
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Granted (in shares)		578,943
Long-Term Incentive Plan Unit and Restricted Stock
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Fair value of share-based awards granted in period \| $		$ 22,400	$ 20,000	$ 28,300
Granted ( in USD per share) \| $ / shares		$ 7.21	$ 8.52	$ 5.44
Dividend rate (as a percent)		2.00%	2.60%	3.70%
Risk-free interest rate, minimum (as a percent)		1.40%	0.12%	0.16%
Risk-free interest rate, maximum (as a percent)		2.00%	0.32%	0.50%
Expected price volatility, minimum (as a percent)		37.00%	36.00%	19.00%
Expected price volatility, maximum (as a percent)		53.00%	53.00%	26.00%
Fair value vested in period \| $		$ 14,100	$ 12,300	$ 15,600
Long-Term Incentive Plan Unit and Restricted Stock \| Minimum
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Expected term (in years)		2 years	2 years	2 years
Long-Term Incentive Plan Unit and Restricted Stock \| Maximum
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Expected term (in years)		5 years 3 months 18 days	5 years 3 months 18 days	5 years 6 months
March 2022 Awards \| Time-based LTIPs
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Granted (in shares)	240,156
Fair value of share-based awards granted in period \| $	$ 2,000
March 2022 Awards \| Market-based LTIPs
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Granted (in shares)	85,772
Fair value of share-based awards granted in period \| $	$ 600
Period of service, upon completion of which, grantee's LTIP unit and restricted stock awards will immediately vest (in years)	3 years
Number of vesting installments \| vesting_installment	2
March 2022 Awards \| Performance-based LTIPs
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Granted (in shares)	63,574
Fair value of share-based awards granted in period \| $	$ 500
Period of service, upon completion of which, grantee's LTIP unit and restricted stock awards will immediately vest (in years)	1 year
Total shareholder return (TSR) modifier period	3 years
March 2022 Awards \| Time Restricted Shares
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Granted (in shares)	210,212
Fair value of share-based awards granted in period \| $	$ 2,100
March 2022 Awards Granted \| Time-based LTIPs
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Fair value of share-based awards granted in period \| $	1,700
March 2022 Awards Granted \| Time Restricted Shares
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Fair value of share-based awards granted in period \| $	$ 200
March 2022 Awards Granted \| Time Based Long-Term Incentive Plan Unit And Time Restricted Shares
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Award vesting period (in years)	5 years
March 2022 Awards Granted \| Time Based Long-Term Incentive Plan Unit And Time Restricted Shares \| First installment
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Vesting rights (as a percent)	30.00%
March 2022 Awards Granted \| Time Based Long-Term Incentive Plan Unit And Time Restricted Shares \| Second installment
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Vesting rights (as a percent)	30.00%
March 2022 Awards Granted \| Time Based Long-Term Incentive Plan Unit And Time Restricted Shares \| Remaining installment
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Vesting rights (as a percent)	40.00%
Granted In 2020 And After
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Retirement age (in years)		65 years
Granted Before 2020
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Retirement age (in years)		60 years
Executive Officer \| Time-based LTIPs \| First installment
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Granted (in shares)	53,980
Executive Officer \| Time-based LTIPs \| Second installment
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Granted (in shares)	416,880
Executive Officer \| Time-based LTIPs \| Remaining installment
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Number of vesting installments \| vesting_installment	2
Executive Officer \| Time-based LTIPs \| 2019 Plan Units, Connected With Bonus Program
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Granted (in shares)	470,860
Fair value of share-based awards granted in period \| $	$ 3,700
Executive Officer \| March 2022 Awards \| Time-based LTIPs
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Granted (in shares)	412,689
Fair value of share-based awards granted in period \| $	$ 3,200
Executive Officer \| March 2022 Awards \| Market-based LTIPs
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Granted (in shares)	694,383
Fair value of share-based awards granted in period \| $	$ 3,900
Executive Officer \| March 2022 Awards \| Performance-based LTIPs
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Granted (in shares)	515,369
Fair value of share-based awards granted in period \| $	$ 3,100
Executive Officer \| March 2022 Awards Granted \| Time-based LTIPs
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Granted (in shares)	112,612
Executive Officer \| Awards Granted In 2022 \| Time-based LTIPs
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Award vesting period (in years)	3 years
Executive Officer \| Awards Granted In 2021 And 2022 \| Time-based LTIPs
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Award vesting percentage of award face amount (as a percent)	120.00%
Executive Officer \| Awards Granted In 2021 \| Time-based LTIPs
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Award vesting percentage of award face amount (as a percent)	125.00%
Certain Other Employees \| March 2022 Awards Granted \| Time-based LTIPs
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Granted (in shares)	84,475
Certain Other Employees \| March 2022 Awards Granted \| Time Restricted Shares
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Granted (in shares)	18,380
2019 Plan
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Number of shares authorized under the plan (in shares)		11,000,000			11,000,000
Number of shares that remain available for future issuance (in shares)		6,300,000
2019 Plan \| Time-based LTIPs
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Granted (in shares)		51,284
Fair value of share-based awards granted in period \| $		$ 300
2019 Plan \| Director \| Time-based LTIPs
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Granted (in shares)		142,358
Fair value of share-based awards granted in period \| $		$ 1,100
Award vesting percentage of award face amount (as a percent)		120.00%
Annual base retainer \| $		$ 200
2019 Plan \| Director \| Time-based LTIPs \| First installment
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Award vesting period (in years)		4 years
Vesting rights (as a percent)		60.00%
2019 Plan \| Director \| Time-based LTIPs \| Second installment
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Award vesting period (in years)		3 years
Vesting rights (as a percent)		40.00%
2019 Plan \| Director \| Time-based LTIPs \| Minimum
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Award vesting period (in years)		3 years
2019 Plan \| Director \| Time-based LTIPs \| Maximum
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Award vesting period (in years)		4 years

Equity - Schedule of Restricted Stock and LTIP Unit Activity (Details)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022 $ / shares shares
Weighted Average Grant Fair Value
Unvested beginning balance (in USD per share) \| $ / shares	$ 7.02
Vested (in USD per share) \| $ / shares	9.28
Granted ( in USD per share) \| $ / shares	7.21
Forfeited or unearned (in USD per share) \| $ / shares	6.84
Unvested ending balance (in USD per share) \| $ / shares	$ 6.69
Restricted Stock
Restricted Stock and LTIP Units
Unvested beginning balance (in shares)	214,408
Vested (in shares)	(69,545)
Granted (in shares)	232,448
Forfeited or unearned (in shares)	(18,018)
Unvested ending balance (in shares)	359,293
Time-based LTIPs
Restricted Stock and LTIP Units
Unvested beginning balance (in shares)	2,499,592
Vested (in shares)	(1,300,504)
Granted (in shares)	1,514,434
Forfeited or unearned (in shares)	0
Unvested ending balance (in shares)	2,713,522
Market-based LTIPs
Restricted Stock and LTIP Units
Unvested beginning balance (in shares)	5,039,134
Vested (in shares)	(113,576)
Granted (in shares)	780,155
Forfeited or unearned (in shares)	(1,635,176)
Unvested ending balance (in shares)	4,070,537
Performance-based LTIPs
Restricted Stock and LTIP Units
Unvested beginning balance (in shares)	0
Vested (in shares)	(35,695)
Granted (in shares)	578,943
Forfeited or unearned (in shares)	(32,259)
Unvested ending balance (in shares)	510,989

Equity - Earnings Per Share (Details) - USD ($) $ / shares in Units, $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
Numerator - Basic:
Net income (loss)	$ 63,212	$ (13,037)	$ (22,889)
Private perpetual preferred unit distributions	(4,201)	(4,201)	(4,197)
Non-controlling interests in the Operating Partnership	(22,812)	6,527	10,374
Net income attributable to non-controlling interests in other partnerships	243	0	0
Earnings allocated to unvested shares	0	(26)	(60)
Net income (loss) attributable to common stockholders - basic	36,442	(10,737)	(16,772)
Numerator - Diluted:
Net income (loss)	63,212	(13,037)	(22,889)
Private perpetual preferred unit distributions	(4,201)	(4,201)	(4,197)
Earnings allocated to unvested shares	0	(26)	(60)
Net income (loss) attributable to common stockholders - diluted	$ 59,254	$ (17,264)	$ (27,146)
Denominator:
Weighted average shares outstanding - basic (in shares)	165,039,000	172,445,000	175,169,000
Operating partnership units (in shares)	103,298,000	104,975,000	108,657,000
Effect of dilutive securities:
Stock-based compensation plans (in shares)	1,611,000	0	11,000
Weighted average shares outstanding - dilutive (in shares)	269,948,000	277,420,000	283,837,000
Earnings per share:
Basic (in USD per share)	$ 0.22	$ (0.06)	$ (0.10)
Diluted (in USD per share)	$ 0.22	$ (0.06)	$ (0.10)
Antidilutive securities (in shares)	0	1,052,390	307,536

Related Party Transactions - Sale of Westport Retail Properties (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Feb. 01, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]
Received during marketed sale process		$ 35,538	$ 0
Disposal Group, Disposed of by Sale, Not Discontinued Operations \| 69-97 and 103-107 Main Street \| Subsequent Event
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]
Received during marketed sale process	$ 40,000
Disposal Group, Disposed of by Sale, Not Discontinued Operations \| 69-97 and 103-107 Main Street \| Subsequent Event \| Affiliated entities
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]
Consideration from sale of property	40,000
Disposal Group, Disposed of by Sale, Not Discontinued Operations \| 69-97 and 103-107 Main Street \| Subsequent Event \| Affiliated entities \| SOFR
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]
Maximum principal amount	$ 1,000
Basis spread on loan	3.50%
Disposal Group, Disposed of by Sale, Not Discontinued Operations \| 298 Mulberry Street \| Subsequent Event \| Affiliated entities
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]
Received during marketed sale process	$ 40,000

Related Party Transactions - Tax Protection Agreement (Details) $ in Millions		12 Months Ended
	Oct. 07, 2013 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2013 property	Aug. 23, 2016
Q REIT Holding LLC
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]
Threshold to indemnify (as a percent)			10.00%
Affiliated entities
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]
Number of properties \| property		4
Aggregate number of operating partnership units and common stock threshold during tax protection period (as a percent)	50.00%
Bottom dollar guarantee of aggregate indebtedness during tax protection period \| $	$ 160.0

Related Party Transactions - Registration Rights (Details) - Registration rights agreement	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022 USD ($) underwritten_offering
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]
Number of underwritten offerings, maximum, during 12-month period following shelf effective date \| underwritten_offering	2
Primary shares cutback value, minimum	$ 25,000,000
Payments for fees and registration per underwritten offering, maximum (up to)	25,000
Certain persons receiving common stock or operating partnership units in formation transactions
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]
Registrable shares market value, minimum	$ 150,000,000
Number of underwritten offerings, maximum \| underwritten_offering	4

Related Party Transactions - Excluded Properties and Businesses (Details) $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022 USD ($) property interest	Dec. 31, 2021 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2020 USD ($)	Feb. 28, 2023 property
Retail site \| Manhattan
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]
Number of properties	4
Retail site \| Westport, Connecticut
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]
Number of properties	2
Office building
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]
Number of properties	12
Office building \| Manhattan
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]
Number of properties	9
Malkin group \| Mezzanine and senior equity funds
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]
Number of interests owned \| interest	1
Malkin group \| Residential property manager
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]
Number of properties \| interest	5
Number of interests owned \| interest	4
Malkin group \| Multi-family property \| Greenwich, connecticut
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]
Number of properties	8
Malkin group \| Retail site \| Greenwich, connecticut
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]
Number of properties	5
Malkin group \| Retail site \| Manhattan
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]
Number of properties	2
Malkin group \| Retail site \| Westport, Connecticut \| Forecast \| Disposal Group, Disposed of by Sale, Not Discontinued Operations \| 69-97 and 103-107 Main Street
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]
Number of properties				2
Malkin group \| Former post office \| Greenwich, connecticut
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]
Number of properties	1
Malkin group \| Office building \| Manhattan
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]
Number of properties	1
Affiliated entities \| Third party management and other fees \| Supervisory fee revenue
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]
Revenue from related parties \| $	$ 1.0	$ 1.0	$ 0.9
Affiliated entities \| Third party management and other fees \| Property management fee revenue
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]
Revenue from related parties \| $	$ 0.3	$ 0.2	$ 0.3

Related Party Transactions - Other (Details) $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
Related Party Transactions - Other (Details) $ in Millions	Dec. 31, 2022 USD ($) ft² property	Dec. 31, 2021 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2020 USD ($)
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]
Area of real estate property (in sqft)	9,700,000
Undivided interest
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]
Area of real estate property (in sqft)	5,447
Affiliated entities \| Leased space rental
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]
Number of properties \| property	1
Lease cancellation, period of notice (in days)	90 days
Revenue from related parties \| $	$ 0.3	$ 0.3	$ 0.3
Chairman emeritus and employee \| Leased space rental
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]
Percentage of lease space occupied by Chairman emeritus and employee (as a percent)	15.00%

Income Taxes - Schedule of Components of Income Tax Expense (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
Current:
Federal	$ (319)	$ (266)	$ 4,932
State and local	(227)	(347)	2,699
Total current	(546)	(613)	7,631
Deferred:
Federal	(264)	1,206	(340)
State and local	(736)	1,141	(320)
Total deferred	(1,000)	2,347	(660)
Income tax (expense) benefit	$ (1,546)	$ 1,734	$ 6,971

- Definition

Amount of current income tax expense (benefit) and deferred income tax expense (benefit) pertaining to continuing operations.

+ References + Details

Income Taxes - Narrative (Details) - USD ($)	12 Months Ended
Income Taxes - Narrative (Details) - USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
Operating Loss Carryforwards [Line Items]
NOL carryforwards		$ 99,800,000
Effective income tax rate (as a percent)	33.60%	26.00%	47.00%
Valuation allowance	$ 0	$ 0	$ 0
Unrecognized tax benefits	$ 0	0	$ 0
Observatory \| Operating segments
Operating Loss Carryforwards [Line Items]
Increase of U.S. corporation income tax benefit as a result of NOL carryback from CARES Act (as a percent)	13.00%
NOL carryforwards	$ 10,200,000
Income tax receivable		$ 2,500,000

Income Taxes - Schedule of Actual Tax Provision Differed From Federal Statutory Corporate Rate (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]
Federal tax benefit (expense) at statutory rate	$ (583)	$ 940	$ 2,544
State income tax benefit (expense), net of federal benefit	(963)	794	2,379
Corporate income tax rate adjustment	0	0	2,048
Income tax (expense) benefit	$ (1,546)	$ 1,734	$ 6,971

- Definition

Amount of current income tax expense (benefit) and deferred income tax expense (benefit) pertaining to continuing operations.

+ References + Details

Income Taxes - Schedule of Deferred Tax Assets (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
Deferred tax assets:
Deferred revenue on unredeemed observatory admission ticket sales	$ 535	$ 383	$ 256
Federal net operating loss carryforward credit	969	1,393	0
New York State net operating loss carryforward credit	250	612	0
New York City net operating loss carryforward credit	233	704	334
Other deferred tax assets	261	0	0
Deferred tax assets	$ 2,248	$ 3,092	$ 590

Segment Reporting - Narrative (Details) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended			12 Months Ended
Segment Reporting - Narrative (Details) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2021 USD ($)	Sep. 30, 2020 USD ($)	Jun. 30, 2020 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2022 USD ($) segment	Dec. 31, 2021 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2020 USD ($)
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Number of reportable segments \| segment				2
Impairment charges				$ 0	$ 7,723	$ 6,204
Real Estate
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Impairment charges	$ 7,700	$ 2,100	$ 4,100		$ 7,700	$ 6,200

Segment Reporting - Segment Revenue and Profit or Loss Reconciliation (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended			12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2021	Sep. 30, 2020	Jun. 30, 2020	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
Revenues:
Rental revenue				$ 591,048	$ 559,690	$ 563,071
Intercompany rental revenue				0	0	0
Observatory revenue				105,978	41,474	29,057
Lease termination fees				20,032	16,230	9,416
Third-party management and other fees				1,361	1,219	1,225
Other revenue and fees				8,622	5,481	6,459
Total revenues				727,041	624,094	609,228
Operating expenses:
Property operating expenses				157,935	126,986	136,141
Intercompany rent expense				0	0	0
Ground rent expense				9,326	9,326	9,326
General and administrative expenses				61,765	55,947	62,244
Observatory expenses				31,036	23,206	23,723
Real estate taxes				123,057	119,967	121,923
Impairment charges				0	7,723	6,204
Depreciation and amortization				216,894	201,806	191,006
Total operating expenses				600,013	544,961	550,567
Total operating income (loss)				127,028	79,133	58,661
Other income (expense):
Interest income				4,948	704	2,637
Interest expense				(101,206)	(94,394)	(89,907)
Gain on sale/disposition of properties				33,988	0	0
Loss on early extinguishment of debt				0	(214)	(86)
IPO litigation expense				0	0	(1,165)
Income (loss) before income taxes				64,758	(14,771)	(29,860)
Income tax (expense) benefit				(1,546)	1,734	6,971
Net income (loss)				63,212	(13,037)	(22,889)
Assets	$ 4,282,447			4,163,594	4,282,447	4,150,695
Expenditures for segment assets				85,961	398,372	104,060
Intersegment Elimination
Revenues:
Rental revenue				0	0	0
Intercompany rental revenue				(65,005)	(23,413)	(17,827)
Observatory revenue				0	0	0
Lease termination fees				0	0	0
Third-party management and other fees				0	0	0
Other revenue and fees				0	0	0
Total revenues				(65,005)	(23,413)	(17,827)
Operating expenses:
Property operating expenses				0	0	0
Intercompany rent expense				(65,005)	(23,413)	(17,827)
Ground rent expense				0	0	0
General and administrative expenses				0	0	0
Observatory expenses				0	0	0
Real estate taxes				0	0	0
Impairment charges					0	0
Depreciation and amortization				0	0	0
Total operating expenses				(65,005)	(23,413)	(17,827)
Total operating income (loss)				0	0	0
Other income (expense):
Interest income				0	0	0
Interest expense				0	0	0
Gain on sale/disposition of properties				0
Loss on early extinguishment of debt					0	0
IPO litigation expense						0
Income (loss) before income taxes				0	0	0
Income tax (expense) benefit				0	0	0
Net income (loss)				0	0	0
Assets	0			0	0	0
Expenditures for segment assets				0	0	0
Real Estate
Operating expenses:
Impairment charges	7,700	$ 2,100	$ 4,100		7,700	6,200
Real Estate \| Operating segments
Revenues:
Rental revenue				591,048	559,690	563,071
Intercompany rental revenue				65,005	23,413	17,827
Observatory revenue				0	0	0
Lease termination fees				20,032	16,230	9,416
Third-party management and other fees				1,361	1,219	1,225
Other revenue and fees				8,622	5,343	6,459
Total revenues				686,068	605,895	597,998
Operating expenses:
Property operating expenses				157,935	126,986	136,141
Intercompany rent expense				0	0	0
Ground rent expense				9,326	9,326	9,326
General and administrative expenses				61,765	55,947	62,244
Observatory expenses				0	0	0
Real estate taxes				123,057	119,967	121,923
Impairment charges					7,723	6,204
Depreciation and amortization				216,707	201,676	190,863
Total operating expenses				568,790	521,625	526,701
Total operating income (loss)				117,278	84,270	71,297
Other income (expense):
Interest income				4,901	701	2,542
Interest expense				(101,206)	(94,292)	(89,907)
Gain on sale/disposition of properties				33,988
Loss on early extinguishment of debt					(214)	(86)
IPO litigation expense						(1,165)
Income (loss) before income taxes				54,961	(9,535)	(17,319)
Income tax (expense) benefit				(584)	(613)	(843)
Net income (loss)				54,377	(10,148)	(18,162)
Assets	4,037,122			3,909,299	4,037,122	3,903,884
Expenditures for segment assets				85,646	398,368	101,306
Observatory \| Operating segments
Revenues:
Rental revenue				0	0	0
Intercompany rental revenue				0	0	0
Observatory revenue				105,978	41,474	29,057
Lease termination fees				0	0	0
Third-party management and other fees				0	0	0
Other revenue and fees				0	138	0
Total revenues				105,978	41,612	29,057
Operating expenses:
Property operating expenses				0	0	0
Intercompany rent expense				65,005	23,413	17,827
Ground rent expense				0	0	0
General and administrative expenses				0	0	0
Observatory expenses				31,036	23,206	23,723
Real estate taxes				0	0	0
Impairment charges					0	0
Depreciation and amortization				187	130	143
Total operating expenses				96,228	46,749	41,693
Total operating income (loss)				9,750	(5,137)	(12,636)
Other income (expense):
Interest income				47	3	95
Interest expense				0	(102)	0
Gain on sale/disposition of properties				0
Loss on early extinguishment of debt					0	0
IPO litigation expense						0
Income (loss) before income taxes				9,797	(5,236)	(12,541)
Income tax (expense) benefit				(962)	2,347	7,814
Net income (loss)				8,835	(2,889)	(4,727)
Assets	$ 245,325			254,295	245,325	246,811
Expenditures for segment assets				$ 315	$ 4	$ 2,754

Schedule III - Real Estate and Accumulated Depreciation - Schedule of Real Estate and Accumulated Depreciation (Details) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2022 USD ($)
SEC Schedule, 12-28, Real Estate Companies, Investment in Real Estate and Accumulated Depreciation [Line Items]
Encumbrances	$ 900,630
Initial Cost to the Company
Land and Development Costs	363,441
Building & Improvements	1,097,752
Cost Capitalized Subsequent to Acquisition
Improvements	2,090,256
Gross Amount at which Carried
Land and Development Costs	373,706
Buildings & Improvements	3,177,743
Total	3,551,449
Accumulated Depreciation	1,137,267
111 West 33rd Street, New York, NY \| office/ retail
SEC Schedule, 12-28, Real Estate Companies, Investment in Real Estate and Accumulated Depreciation [Line Items]
Encumbrances	0
Initial Cost to the Company
Land and Development Costs	13,630
Building & Improvements	244,461
Cost Capitalized Subsequent to Acquisition
Improvements	129,400
Gross Amount at which Carried
Land and Development Costs	13,630
Buildings & Improvements	373,861
Total	387,491
Accumulated Depreciation	102,821
1400 Broadway \| office/ retail
SEC Schedule, 12-28, Real Estate Companies, Investment in Real Estate and Accumulated Depreciation [Line Items]
Encumbrances	0
Initial Cost to the Company
Land and Development Costs	0
Building & Improvements	96,338
Cost Capitalized Subsequent to Acquisition
Improvements	99,511
Gross Amount at which Carried
Land and Development Costs	0
Buildings & Improvements	195,849
Total	195,849
Accumulated Depreciation	62,721
1333 Broadway, New York, NY \| office/ retail
SEC Schedule, 12-28, Real Estate Companies, Investment in Real Estate and Accumulated Depreciation [Line Items]
Encumbrances	160,000
Initial Cost to the Company
Land and Development Costs	91,435
Building & Improvements	120,189
Cost Capitalized Subsequent to Acquisition
Improvements	13,505
Gross Amount at which Carried
Land and Development Costs	91,435
Buildings & Improvements	133,694
Total	225,129
Accumulated Depreciation	38,766
1350 Broadway, New York, NY \| office/ retail
SEC Schedule, 12-28, Real Estate Companies, Investment in Real Estate and Accumulated Depreciation [Line Items]
Encumbrances	0
Initial Cost to the Company
Land and Development Costs	0
Building & Improvements	102,518
Cost Capitalized Subsequent to Acquisition
Improvements	43,218
Gross Amount at which Carried
Land and Development Costs	0
Buildings & Improvements	145,736
Total	145,736
Accumulated Depreciation	47,750
250 West 57th Street, New York, NY \| office/ retail
SEC Schedule, 12-28, Real Estate Companies, Investment in Real Estate and Accumulated Depreciation [Line Items]
Encumbrances	180,000
Initial Cost to the Company
Land and Development Costs	2,117
Building & Improvements	5,041
Cost Capitalized Subsequent to Acquisition
Improvements	173,858
Gross Amount at which Carried
Land and Development Costs	2,117
Buildings & Improvements	178,899
Total	181,016
Accumulated Depreciation	66,939
501 Seventh Avenue, New York, NY \| office/ retail
SEC Schedule, 12-28, Real Estate Companies, Investment in Real Estate and Accumulated Depreciation [Line Items]
Encumbrances	0
Initial Cost to the Company
Land and Development Costs	1,100
Building & Improvements	2,600
Cost Capitalized Subsequent to Acquisition
Improvements	102,027
Gross Amount at which Carried
Land and Development Costs	1,100
Buildings & Improvements	104,627
Total	105,727
Accumulated Depreciation	53,647
1359 Broadway, New York, NY \| office/ retail
SEC Schedule, 12-28, Real Estate Companies, Investment in Real Estate and Accumulated Depreciation [Line Items]
Encumbrances	0
Initial Cost to the Company
Land and Development Costs	1,233
Building & Improvements	1,809
Cost Capitalized Subsequent to Acquisition
Improvements	70,051
Gross Amount at which Carried
Land and Development Costs	1,233
Buildings & Improvements	71,860
Total	73,093
Accumulated Depreciation	28,960
350 Fifth Avenue (Empire State Building), New York, NY \| office/ retail
SEC Schedule, 12-28, Real Estate Companies, Investment in Real Estate and Accumulated Depreciation [Line Items]
Encumbrances	0
Initial Cost to the Company
Land and Development Costs	21,551
Building & Improvements	38,934
Cost Capitalized Subsequent to Acquisition
Improvements	1,022,237
Gross Amount at which Carried
Land and Development Costs	21,551
Buildings & Improvements	1,061,170
Total	1,082,721
Accumulated Depreciation	392,159
One Grand Central Place, New York, NY \| office/ retail
SEC Schedule, 12-28, Real Estate Companies, Investment in Real Estate and Accumulated Depreciation [Line Items]
Encumbrances	0
Initial Cost to the Company
Land and Development Costs	7,240
Building & Improvements	17,490
Cost Capitalized Subsequent to Acquisition
Improvements	293,122
Gross Amount at which Carried
Land and Development Costs	7,222
Buildings & Improvements	310,630
Total	317,852
Accumulated Depreciation	152,636
First Stamford Place, Stamford, CT \| office
SEC Schedule, 12-28, Real Estate Companies, Investment in Real Estate and Accumulated Depreciation [Line Items]
Encumbrances	178,823
Initial Cost to the Company
Land and Development Costs	22,952
Building & Improvements	122,738
Cost Capitalized Subsequent to Acquisition
Improvements	80,128
Gross Amount at which Carried
Land and Development Costs	24,860
Buildings & Improvements	200,958
Total	225,818
Accumulated Depreciation	105,519
One Station Place, Stamford, CT (Metro Center) \| office
SEC Schedule, 12-28, Real Estate Companies, Investment in Real Estate and Accumulated Depreciation [Line Items]
Encumbrances	82,596
Initial Cost to the Company
Land and Development Costs	5,313
Building & Improvements	28,602
Cost Capitalized Subsequent to Acquisition
Improvements	36,575
Gross Amount at which Carried
Land and Development Costs	5,313
Buildings & Improvements	65,177
Total	70,490
Accumulated Depreciation	37,901
10 Union Square, New York, NY \| retail
SEC Schedule, 12-28, Real Estate Companies, Investment in Real Estate and Accumulated Depreciation [Line Items]
Encumbrances	50,000
Initial Cost to the Company
Land and Development Costs	5,003
Building & Improvements	12,866
Cost Capitalized Subsequent to Acquisition
Improvements	5,574
Gross Amount at which Carried
Land and Development Costs	5,003
Buildings & Improvements	18,440
Total	23,443
Accumulated Depreciation	9,444
1542 Third Avenue, New York, NY \| retail
SEC Schedule, 12-28, Real Estate Companies, Investment in Real Estate and Accumulated Depreciation [Line Items]
Encumbrances	30,000
Initial Cost to the Company
Land and Development Costs	2,239
Building & Improvements	15,266
Cost Capitalized Subsequent to Acquisition
Improvements	467
Gross Amount at which Carried
Land and Development Costs	2,239
Buildings & Improvements	15,733
Total	17,972
Accumulated Depreciation	9,511
1010 Third Avenue, New York, NY and 77 West 55th Street, New York, NY \| retail
SEC Schedule, 12-28, Real Estate Companies, Investment in Real Estate and Accumulated Depreciation [Line Items]
Encumbrances	35,831
Initial Cost to the Company
Land and Development Costs	4,462
Building & Improvements	15,819
Cost Capitalized Subsequent to Acquisition
Improvements	2,821
Gross Amount at which Carried
Land and Development Costs	4,462
Buildings & Improvements	18,640
Total	23,102
Accumulated Depreciation	10,457
69-97 Main Street, Westport, CT (1) \| retail
SEC Schedule, 12-28, Real Estate Companies, Investment in Real Estate and Accumulated Depreciation [Line Items]
Encumbrances	0
Initial Cost to the Company
Land and Development Costs	2,782
Building & Improvements	15,766
Cost Capitalized Subsequent to Acquisition
Improvements	6,862
Gross Amount at which Carried
Land and Development Costs	2,782
Buildings & Improvements	22,628
Total	25,410
Accumulated Depreciation	9,441
103-107 Main Street, Westport, CT (1) \| retail
SEC Schedule, 12-28, Real Estate Companies, Investment in Real Estate and Accumulated Depreciation [Line Items]
Encumbrances	0
Initial Cost to the Company
Land and Development Costs	1,243
Building & Improvements	7,043
Cost Capitalized Subsequent to Acquisition
Improvements	371
Gross Amount at which Carried
Land and Development Costs	1,260
Buildings & Improvements	7,397
Total	8,657
Accumulated Depreciation	3,184
345 E 94th Street NY \| multi-family
SEC Schedule, 12-28, Real Estate Companies, Investment in Real Estate and Accumulated Depreciation [Line Items]
Encumbrances	51,465
Initial Cost to the Company
Land and Development Costs	44,228
Building & Improvements	55,766
Cost Capitalized Subsequent to Acquisition
Improvements	1,044
Gross Amount at which Carried
Land and Development Costs	44,228
Buildings & Improvements	56,811
Total	101,039
Accumulated Depreciation	1,698
Victory 561 10th Ave NY \| multi-family
SEC Schedule, 12-28, Real Estate Companies, Investment in Real Estate and Accumulated Depreciation [Line Items]
Encumbrances	131,915
Initial Cost to the Company
Land and Development Costs	91,437
Building & Improvements	124,997
Cost Capitalized Subsequent to Acquisition
Improvements	804
Gross Amount at which Carried
Land and Development Costs	91,437
Buildings & Improvements	125,801
Total	217,238
Accumulated Depreciation	3,713
298 Mulberry, New York, NY \| multi-family
SEC Schedule, 12-28, Real Estate Companies, Investment in Real Estate and Accumulated Depreciation [Line Items]
Encumbrances	0
Initial Cost to the Company
Land and Development Costs	40,935
Building & Improvements	69,509
Cost Capitalized Subsequent to Acquisition
Improvements	514
Gross Amount at which Carried
Land and Development Costs	41,126
Buildings & Improvements	69,832
Total	110,958
Accumulated Depreciation	0
Property for development at the Transportation Hub in Stamford, CT \| land
SEC Schedule, 12-28, Real Estate Companies, Investment in Real Estate and Accumulated Depreciation [Line Items]
Encumbrances	0
Initial Cost to the Company
Land and Development Costs	4,541
Building & Improvements	0
Cost Capitalized Subsequent to Acquisition
Improvements	8,167
Gross Amount at which Carried
Land and Development Costs	12,708
Buildings & Improvements	0
Total	12,708
Accumulated Depreciation	$ 0

Schedule III - Real Estate and Accumulated Depreciation - Reconciliation of Investment Properties (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
SEC Schedule, 12-28, Real Estate Companies, Investment in Real Estate [Roll Forward]
Balance, beginning of year	$ 3,500,917	$ 3,133,966	$ 3,109,433
Acquisition of new properties	110,444	316,428	0
Improvements	79,070	89,426	104,060
Property classified as held for sale	(61,965)	0	0
Disposals	(77,017)	(38,903)	(79,527)
Balance, end of year	3,551,449	$ 3,500,917	$ 3,133,966
Aggregate cost of investment properties for federal income tax purpose	$ 3,700,000

Schedule III - Real Estate and Accumulated Depreciation - Reconciliation of Accumulated Depreciation (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
SEC Schedule, 12-28, Real Estate Companies, Investment in Real Estate, Accumulated Depreciation [Roll Forward]
Balance, beginning of year	$ 1,072,938	$ 941,612	$ 862,534
Depreciation expense	179,872	162,667	158,605
Property classified as held for sale	(30,315)	0	0
Disposals	(85,228)	(31,341)	(79,527)
Balance, end of year	$ 1,137,267	$ 1,072,938	$ 941,612

Schedule III - Real Estate and Accumulated Depreciation - Schedule of Estimated Useful Lives of Investment Properties (Details)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022
Buildings
SEC Schedule, 12-28, Real Estate Companies, Investment in Real Estate and Accumulated Depreciation [Line Items]
Estimated original useful lives (in years)	39 years
Building improvements
SEC Schedule, 12-28, Real Estate Companies, Investment in Real Estate and Accumulated Depreciation [Line Items]
Estimated original useful lives (in years)	39 years