Document and Entity Information - shares	6 Months Ended
Document and Entity Information - shares	Jun. 30, 2018	Jul. 27, 2018
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Document Type	10-Q
Amendment Flag	false
Document Period End Date	Jun. 30, 2018
Document Fiscal Year Focus	2018
Document Fiscal Period Focus	Q2
Trading Symbol	CSLT
Entity Registrant Name	CASTLIGHT HEALTH, INC.
Entity Central Index Key	0001433714
Current Fiscal Year End Date	--12-31
Entity Filer Category	Accelerated Filer
Class A
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Entity Common Stock, Shares Outstanding		51,923,213
Class B
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Entity Common Stock, Shares Outstanding		85,836,963

Consolidated Balance Sheets - USD ($)
$ in Thousands

Jun. 30, 2018

Dec. 31, 2017

Current assets:

Cash and cash equivalents

$ 44,642

$ 61,319

^[1]

Marketable securities

29,833

32,025

^[1]

Accounts and Other Receivables, Net, Current

28,184

21,933

^[1]

Prepaid expenses and other current assets

5,742

3,991

^[1]

Total current assets

108,401

119,268

^[1]

Property and equipment, net

5,247

5,263

^[1]

Restricted cash, non-current

1,325

^[1]

Deferred Commissions

24,691

27,512

^[1]

Goodwill

91,785

^[1]

Intangible assets, net

18,144

20,253

^[1]

Deferred Professional Service Costs

11,855

12,480

^[1]

Other assets

2,141

1,997

^[1]

Total assets

263,589

279,883

^[1]

Current liabilities:

Accounts payable

4,619

3,907

^[1]

Accrued expenses and other current liabilities

17,829

13,178

^[1]

Accrued compensation

9,530

13,941

^[1]

Deferred revenue

26,509

25,985

^[1]

Total current liabilities

58,487

57,011

^[1]

Deferred revenue, non-current

2,723

4,457

^[1]

Debt, non-current

4,183

4,958

^[1]

Other liabilities, non-current

2,964

1,900

^[1]

Total liabilities

68,357

68,326

^[1]

Commitments and contingencies

Stockholders’ equity (deficit):

Additional paid-in capital

598,963

586,900

^[1]

Accumulated other comprehensive income

(9)

(22)

^[1]

Accumulated deficit

(403,736)

(375,334)

^[1]

Total stockholders’ equity (deficit)

195,232

211,557

^[1]

Total liabilities, convertible preferred stock and stockholders’ equity (deficit)

263,589

279,883

^[1]

Class A

Stockholders’ equity (deficit):

Common stock value issued

$ 14

$ 13

^[1]

[1]	Prior-period information has been adjusted for the adoption of ASU No. 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (“ASC 606”). See Note 2–Accounting Standards and Significant Accounting Policies for a summary of adjustments.

Consolidated Statements of Operations - USD ($)
shares in Thousands, $ in Thousands

3 Months Ended

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2018

Jun. 30, 2017

Jun. 30, 2018

Jun. 30, 2017

Revenue:

Subscription

$ 34,802

$ 30,382

^[1]

$ 67,791

$ 56,279

^[1]

Professional services and other

2,982

2,250

^[1]

6,472

4,056

^[1]

Total revenue, net

37,784

32,632

74,263

60,335

Cost of revenue:

Cost of subscription

^[2]

9,140

7,706

^[1]

18,314

11,952

^[1]

Cost of professional services

^[2]

6,590

4,628

^[1]

12,359

8,437

^[1]

Total cost of revenue

15,730

12,334

30,673

20,389

^[1]

Gross profit

22,054

20,298

43,590

39,946

^[1]

Operating expenses:

Sales and marketing

^[2]

13,306

15,935

^[1]

27,218

30,081

^[1]

Research and development

^[2]

16,425

15,194

^[1]

31,796

26,265

^[1]

General and administrative

^[2]

6,382

6,766

^[1]

13,207

15,764

^[1]

Total operating expenses

36,113

37,895

^[1]

72,221

72,110

^[1]

Operating loss

(14,059)

(17,597)

^[1]

(28,631)

(32,164)

^[1]

Other income, net

101

12

^[1]

229

205

^[1]

Loss before income tax benefit

(13,958)

(17,585)

^[1]

(28,402)

(31,959)

^[1]

Income tax benefit

0

(5,206)

^[1]

0

(5,206)

^[1]

Net loss

$ (13,958)

$ (12,379)

^[1]

$ (28,402)

$ (26,753)

^[1]

Net loss per share, basic and diluted

$ (0.10)

$ (0.09)

^[1]

$ (0.21)

$ (0.23)

^[1]

Weighted-average shares used to compute basic and diluted net loss per share

136,682

130,537

135,843

117,807

[1]

Prior-period information has been adjusted for the adoption of ASC 606. See Note 2–Accounting Standards and Significant Accounting Policies for a summary of adjustments.

[2]

Includes stock-based compensation expense as follows: Three Months Ended June 30, Six Months Ended June 30, 2018 2017 2018 2017 (as adjusted)(1) (as adjusted)(1)Cost of revenue: Cost of subscription$231 $253 $473 $380Cost of professional services and other315 363 616 609Sales and marketing1,318 2,441 2,456 4,595Research and development1,908 2,254 3,562 4,044General and administrative1,375 1,169 2,632 2,464

Consolidated Statements of Operations Parenthetical - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2018	Jun. 30, 2017	Jun. 30, 2018	Jun. 30, 2017
Cost of subscription [Member]
Allocated Share-based Compensation Expense	$ 231	$ 253	$ 473	$ 380
Cost of professional services [Member]
Allocated Share-based Compensation Expense	315	363	616	609
Sales and marketing [Member]
Allocated Share-based Compensation Expense	1,318	2,441	2,456	4,595
Research and development [Member]
Allocated Share-based Compensation Expense	1,908	2,254	3,562	4,044
General and administrative [Member]
Allocated Share-based Compensation Expense	$ 1,375	$ 1,169	$ 2,632	$ 2,464

Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Loss - USD ($)
$ in Thousands

3 Months Ended

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2018

Jun. 30, 2017

^[1]

Jun. 30, 2018

Jun. 30, 2017

^[1]

Statement of Comprehensive Income [Abstract]

Net loss

$ (13,958)

$ (12,379)

$ (28,402)

$ (26,753)

Other comprehensive income (loss):

Net change in unrealized gain (loss) on available-for-sale marketable securities

11

4

13

(15)

Other comprehensive income (loss)

11

4

13

(15)

Comprehensive loss

$ (13,947)

$ (12,375)

$ (28,389)

$ (26,768)

[1]	Prior-period information has been adjusted for the adoption of ASC 606. See Note 2–Accounting Standards and Significant Accounting Policies for a summary of adjustments.

Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows - USD ($)
$ in Thousands

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2018

Jun. 30, 2017

Statement of Cash Flows [Abstract]

Restricted Cash

$ 1,325

$ 1,507

Restricted cash, non-current

1,325

Non-cash Purchase Consideration Related To Acquisition

0

101,692

Operating activities:

Net loss

(28,402)

(26,753)

^[1]

Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash used in operating activities:

Depreciation and amortization

3,573

2,758

^[2]

Stock-based compensation

9,739

12,092

^[2]

Amortization of deferred commissions

5,800

4,289

^[2]

Amortizations Of Deferred Professionals Costs

2,097

1,958

^[2]

Business Exit Costs

1,817

0

^[2]

Release of deferred tax valuation allowance due to business combination

0

(5,206)

^[2]

Change in fair value of contingent consideration liability

0

(643)

^[2]

Release of deferred tax valuation allowance due to business combination

(266)

84

^[2]

Change in fair value of contingent consideration liability

Accretion and amortization of marketable securities

(6,252)

(3,117)

^[2]

Changes in operating assets and liabilities:

(2,979)

(3,452)

^[2]

Deferred Commissions

24,691

Deferred commissions

(1,896)

(859)

^[2]

Deferred professional service costs

511

(508)

^[2]

Increase (Decrease) in Deferred Charges

(1,389)

(1,853)

^[2]

Accounts payable

(1,210)

6,711

^[2]

Net cash used in operating activities

(20,086)

(15,026)

^[2]

Increase (Decrease) in Accrued Liabilities

(1,229)

(527)

^[2]

Deferred revenue

Net cash used in operating activities

(1,304)

(930)

^[2]

Investing activities:

(23,979)

(31,775)

^[2]

Business combination, net of cash acquired

0

(2,264)

^[2]

Purchase of marketable securities

1,167

28,768

^[2]

Maturities of marketable securities

Net cash provided by investing activities

0

(731)

^[2]

Financing activities:

2,242

100

^[2]

Payments of issuance costs related to equity

(16,677)

13,842

^[2]

Proceeds from Sale and Maturity of Available-for-sale Securities

26,450

63,737

^[2]

Net cash provided by financing activities

^[3]

61,319

Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at end of period

44,642

62,201

Restricted cash

Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at beginning of period

45,967

63,708

Proceeds from Stock Options Exercised

$ 2,242

$ 831

^[2]

[1]	Prior-period information has been adjusted for the adoption of ASC 606. See Note 2–Accounting Standards and Significant Accounting Policies for a summary of adjustments.
[2]	Prior-period information has been adjusted for the adoption of ASC 606 and ASU 2016-18, Statement of Cash Flows (“ASU 2016-18”). See Note 2–Accounting Standards and Significant Accounting Policies for a summary of adjustments.
[3]	Prior-period information has been adjusted for the adoption of ASU No. 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (“ASC 606”). See Note 2–Accounting Standards and Significant Accounting Policies for a summary of adjustments.

Organization and Description of Business	6 Months Ended
Organization and Description of Business	Jun. 30, 2018
Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements [Abstract]
Organization and Description of Business	Organization and Description of Business Castlight Health, Inc. (“Castlight” or “the Company”) offers a comprehensive software-as-a-service platform that simplifies health benefits navigation for millions of employees. The Castlight platform matches employees to the best resources their employers make available to them, whether they are healthy, actively seeking medical care, or managing a condition, and motivates them to take the best steps for their health. Castlight helps employers generate more value from their benefits investments by helping to improve outcomes, lower health care costs, and increase benefits satisfaction. On April 3, 2017, the Company expanded into wellbeing through its acquisition of Jiff, Inc. (“Jiff”). Jiff's results of operations have been included in the Company’s Consolidated Statements of Operations beginning April 3, 2017. See Note 5–Business Combinations for more information on the Jiff acquisition. The Company was incorporated in the State of Delaware in January 2008. The Company's principal executive offices are located in San Francisco, California.

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2018

Accounting Policies [Abstract]

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Accounting Standards and Significant Accounting Policies

Basis of Presentation and Principles of Consolidation

The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements include Castlight and its wholly-owned subsidiaries. All intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation. The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”) and applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) regarding interim financial reporting. In the opinion of management, the information herein reflects all adjustments, consisting only of normal recurring adjustments except as otherwise noted, considered necessary for a fair statement of results of operations, financial position and cash flows. The results for the interim periods presented are not necessarily indicative of the results expected for any future period. The following information should be read in conjunction with the audited financial statements and notes thereto included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2017.

Effective January 1, 2018, the Company adopted Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) No. 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (“ASC 606”) using the full retrospective method. Amounts and disclosures set forth in this Form 10-Q have been updated to comply with this new standard.

Certain prior period amounts reported in the condensed consolidated financial statements and notes have been reclassified to conform to current period presentation.

Use of Estimates

The preparation of condensed consolidated financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires the Company to make certain estimates, judgments and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities as of the date of the financial statements, as well as the reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the reporting period. These estimates include, but are not limited to the determination of:

•The fair value of assets acquired and liabilities assumed for business combination;

•The amortization period for deferred commissions and deferred professional services costs;

•Variable consideration included in the transaction price of the Company’s contracts with customers;

•The standalone selling price of the performance obligations in the Company’s contracts with customers; and

•Assumptions used in the valuation of certain equity awards.

Actual results could differ from those estimates, and such differences could be material to the Company’s consolidated financial position and results of operations.

Recently Adopted Accounting Pronouncements

Revenue Recognition

In May 2014 the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued ASC 606. ASC 606 supersedes the revenue recognition requirements in ASC 605, Revenue Recognition, and requires the recognition of revenue when promised goods or services are transferred to customers in an amount that reflects the considerations to which the entity expects to be entitled to in exchange for those goods or services. ASC 606 also includes Subtopic 340-40, Other Assets and Deferred Costs - Contracts with Customers, which requires the deferral of incremental costs of obtaining and fulfilling a contract with a customer.

The key changes from adopting the new standard are:

•

Prior to the adoption of the new standard, the Company recognized revenue of the combined professional services and subscription deliverable over the contractual term of the subscription contract. For certain contracts, this included periods that were cancelable due to termination provisions. Under the new standard, the Company recognizes revenue for the combined professional services and subscription performance obligation over the non-cancelable term of the arrangement. Additionally, prior to the adoption of the new standard, revenue related to variable fees was deferred until the fees became fixed or determinable. Under the new standard, the Company estimates variable consideration at the most likely amount to which the Company expects to be entitled. The Company includes estimated amounts in the transaction price to the extent it is probable that a significant reversal of cumulative revenue recognized will not occur when the uncertainty associated with the variable consideration is resolved.

•

Prior to the adoption of the new standard, the Company capitalized incremental and direct costs to obtain subscription contracts and amortized those costs over the non-cancelable portion of contracts. Under the new standard, the Company capitalizes all incremental costs to obtain subscription contracts and then amortizes those costs on a systematic basis that is consistent with the transfer to the customer of the goods or services to which those assets relate, which the Company has determined to be five years for initial subscription contracts or the contractual period for renewal subscription contracts.

•

Prior to the adoption of the new standard, the Company expensed costs to fulfill subscription contracts when they were incurred. Under the new standard, the Company recognizes as assets certain costs incurred to fulfill subscription contracts. Additionally, under the new standard, these costs are amortized on a systematic basis over a period that is consistent with the transfer to the customer of the goods or services to which those assets relate, which the Company has determined to be five years.

Select unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheet line items, which reflect the adoption of ASC 606 are as follows (in thousands):



		As of December 31, 2017
		Previously Reported			Adjustments			As Adjusted
Assets
	Accounts receivable and other, net	$	20,761		$	1,172		$	21,933
	Deferred commissions⁽¹⁾	10,583			16,929			27,512
	Deferred professional service costs	—			12,480			12,480
Liabilities and stockholders' equity
	Deferred revenue	29,410			(3,425		)	25,985
	Deferred revenue, non-current	6,686			(2,229		)	4,457
	Accumulated deficit	(411,569		)	36,235			(375,334		)

_______________________


(1)	As of December 31, 2017, Deferred commissions, current and non-current, were previously presented separately. The condensed consolidated balance sheet as of December 31, 2017 was reclassified to conform to the current period presentation.

Select unaudited condensed consolidated statement of operations line items, which reflect the adoption of ASC 606 are as follows (in thousands, except per share amounts):



		Three Months Ended June 30, 2017									Six Months Ended June 30, 2017
		Previously Reported			Adjustments			As Adjusted			Previously Reported			Adjustments			As Adjusted
Revenue:
	Subscription	$	29,834		$	548		$	30,382		$	55,600		$	679		$	56,279
	Professional services and other	2,265			(15		)	2,250			4,243			(187		)	4,056
Cost of revenue:
	Cost of professional services and other	4,793			(165		)	4,628			8,781			(344		)	8,437
Operating expenses:
	Sales and marketing	16,575			(640		)	15,935			31,018			(937		)	30,081
Operating loss		(18,935		)	1,338			(17,597		)	(33,937		)	1,773			(32,164		)
Net loss		(13,717		)	1,338			(12,379		)	(28,526		)	1,773			(26,753		)
Net loss per share, basic and diluted		(0.11		)	0.02			(0.09		)	(0.24		)	0.01			(0.23		)

Statement of Cash Flows

In November 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-18, Statement of Cash Flows (“ASU 2016-18”). The standard requires that a statement of cash flows explain the change during the period in the total of cash, cash equivalents, and amounts generally described as restricted cash or restricted cash equivalents. The standard became effective for the Company beginning January 1, 2018, and early adoption was permitted. The Company early adopted the standard in the fourth quarter of 2017 using the full retrospective method. As a result of adopting ASU 2016-18, the Company adjusted the condensed consolidated statement of cash flows from previously reported amounts.

Select unaudited condensed consolidated statement of cash flows line items, which reflect the adoption of ASC 606 and ASU 2016-18 are as follows (in thousands):



			Six Months Ended June 30, 2017
			Previously Reported			Adjustments				As Adjusted
Operating activities:
Net loss			$	(28,526	)	$	1,773		⁽¹⁾	$	(26,753	)
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash used in operating activities:
	Stock-based compensation		12,541			(449		)	⁽¹⁾	12,092
	Amortization of deferred commissions		5,172			(883		)	⁽¹⁾	4,289
	Amortization of deferred professional costs		—			1,958			⁽¹⁾	1,958
	Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
		Deferred commissions	(3,398		)	(54		)	⁽¹⁾	(3,452		)
		Deferred professional service costs	—			(1,853		)	⁽¹⁾	(1,853		)
		Deferred revenue	7,202			(491		)	⁽¹⁾	6,711
Net cash provided by investing activities			28,405			363			⁽²⁾	28,768
Net increase in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash			13,479			363			⁽²⁾	13,842
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at the beginning of period			48,722			1,144				49,866
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at the end of period			62,201			1,507			⁽²⁾	63,708

_______________________

(1) Adjusted to reflect the adoption of ASC 606.

(2) Adjusted to reflect the adoption of ASU 2016-18.

Financial Instruments

In January 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-01, Financial Instruments-Overall (Subtopic 825-10): Recognition and Measurement of Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities (“ASU 2016-01”), which amends various aspects of the recognition, measurement, presentation, and disclosure of financial instruments. The Company adopted ASU 2016-01 as of January 1, 2018 using the modified retrospective method for its marketable equity securities, which currently consist of money market mutual funds. The Company currently does not have any non-marketable equity securities. The adoption of ASU 2016-01 did not have a significant impact on the Company’s financial position or results of operations.

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Revenue Recognition

Revenues are derived primarily from contracts with customers for subscription services and professional services. Revenues are recognized when control of these services is transferred to the Company’s customers, in an amount that reflects the consideration the Company expects to be entitled to in exchange for those services. Revenues do not include sales taxes.

We determine revenue recognition through the following steps:


•	Identification of the contract, or contracts, with a customer;


•	Identification of the performance obligations in the contract;


•	Determination of the transaction price;


•	Allocation of the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract; and


•	Recognition of revenue when, or as, the Company satisfies a performance obligation.

Subscription Revenue. Subscription revenue recognition commences on the date that the Company’s subscription services are made available to the customer, which the Company considers to be the launch date, and subscription revenue is generally recognized over the contract term. Subscription contracts are generally three years in length and certain contracts include termination provisions.

Some of the Company’s subscription contracts include performance incentives that are generally based on engagement. Additionally, some of the Company’s subscription contracts include audit provisions. The Company considers fees related to performance incentives and audit provisions to be variable consideration. The Company estimates variable consideration at the most likely amount to which it expects to be entitled. The Company includes estimated amounts in the transaction price to the extent it is probable that a significant reversal of cumulative revenue recognized will not occur when the uncertainty associated with the variable consideration is resolved. The Company’s estimates of variable consideration and determination of whether to include estimated amounts in the transaction price are based largely on an assessment of its anticipated performance as well as other information available to the Company. The Company reassesses its estimates related to variable consideration each reporting period and records adjustments when appropriate.

Professional Services and Other Revenue. Professional services and other revenue is primarily comprised of implementation services and communication services related to the Company's subscription service. Nearly all of the Company's professional services are sold on a fixed-fee basis.

The Company determined its implementation services are not capable of being distinct. Accordingly, the Company recognizes implementation services revenue in the same manner as the subscription service, beginning on the launch date. The Company determined its communication services are distinct and the associated revenue is recognized over time from the commencement of the communication services through the end of the contractual term.

Professional services and other revenue also includes revenue from products sold through the Company’s online marketplace and add-on subscription services made available from other ecosystem partners. These revenues are recognized on a net basis primarily because the Company acts as an agent in these contracts.

Contracts with Multiple Performance Obligations. Most of the Company’s contracts have multiple performance obligations consisting of subscription services and professional services, including implementation services and communication services. For arrangements with multiple performance obligations, the Company evaluates whether the individual performance obligations are distinct. If the performance obligations are distinct, revenue is recognized for the respective performance obligation separately. If one or more of the performance obligations are not distinct, the performance obligations that are not distinct are combined with the Company's subscription service, and revenue for the combined performance obligation is recognized over the term of the subscription service commencing on the launch date.

The Company has concluded that its subscription services and its communication services are distinct. Conversely, the Company has concluded that its implementation services are not distinct, primarily because these services are not capable of being distinct as the customer cannot benefit from the implementation services on their own. Accordingly, the Company considers the separate performance obligations in its multiple performance obligation contracts to be communication services and a combined performance obligation comprised of subscription services and implementation services.

The transaction price for arrangements with multiple performance obligations is allocated to the separate performance obligations based on their standalone selling price. The Company determines standalone selling prices based on its overall pricing objectives taking into consideration market conditions and other factors, including the value of the contracts, the subscription services sold, and customer demographics.

Contract Balances

The Company records a contract asset when revenue is recognized prior to invoicing. Contract assets are presented within accounts receivable and other in the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheet. A contract liability represents deferred revenue.

Deferred revenue consists of professional services and cloud-based subscription services that have been billed in advance of revenue being recognized. The Company invoices its customers for its cloud-based subscription services based on the terms of the contract, which can be annual, quarterly or monthly installments. Deferred revenue that is anticipated to be recognized during the succeeding 12-month period is recorded as current deferred revenue, and the remaining portion is recorded as non-current.

Accounts Receivable and Other

Accounts receivable are recorded when invoiced and at the invoiced amount, net of allowances for doubtful accounts, which are not significant for any period presented. When accounts receivable are recorded, the related revenue may not commence until a later date depending on the nature of the services invoiced.

Deferred Commissions

Deferred commissions are the incremental costs that are incurred to obtain contracts with customers and consist primarily of sales commissions paid to the Company's sales force and channel partners. The commissions for initial contracts are deferred and amortized on a straight-line basis over a period of benefit that the Company has determined typically to be five years. The Company determined the period of benefit by taking into consideration the expected life of its subscription contracts, the expected life of the technology underlying its subscription services and other factors. The commissions for renewal contracts are deferred and then amortized on a straight-line basis over the related contractual renewal period. The deferred commission amounts are recoverable through the Company’s future revenues. Amortization of deferred commissions is included in sales and marketing expense in the accompanying condensed consolidated statements of operations. All costs deferred are reviewed for impairment periodically.

Deferred Professional Service Costs

Deferred professional services costs are the direct costs incurred to fulfill subscription contracts that occur prior to the launch of the Company’s subscription services. Professional service costs, which primarily consist of employee related expenses attributable to launch activities, are deferred and then amortized on a straight-line basis over a period of benefit that the Company has determined typically to be five years for the same reasons as described in the deferred commissions disclosure above. Deferred professional service costs are recoverable through future revenues. Amortization of deferred professional service costs is included in cost of professional services and other revenue in the accompanying condensed consolidated statements of operations. All costs deferred are reviewed for impairment periodically.

Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements

In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-02, Leases (“ASU 2016-02”). The guidance will require lessees to put all leases on their balance sheets, whether operating or financing, while continuing to recognize the expenses on their income statements in a manner similar to current practice. The guidance states that a lessee would recognize a lease liability for the obligation to make lease payments and a right-to-use asset for the right to use the underlying asset for the lease term. The guidance will be effective for the Company beginning January 1, 2019 and early adoption is permitted. The Company is evaluating the full effect the adoption will have on its financial condition, results of operations, and disclosures. The Company is evaluating the accounting, transition and disclosure requirements of the standard and cannot currently estimate the impact of adoption on its consolidated financial statements.

In February 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-02, Income Statement – Reporting Comprehensive Income: Reclassification of Certain Tax Effects from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (“ASU 2018-02”). The provisions in ASU 2018-02 allow for a reclassification from accumulated other comprehensive income to retained earnings to eliminate the stranded tax effects resulting from the change in federal corporate income tax rate in the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act enacted in December 2017. The Company is required to adopt ASU 2018-02 on January 1, 2019. Early adoption is permitted, including adoption in any interim period for which financial statements have not yet been issued. The adoption of ASU 2018-02 is not expected to have a significant impact on the Company’s financial position or results of operations.

In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-13, Financial Instruments-Credit Losses (“ASU 2016-13”). The standard changes how entities will measure credit losses for most financial assets and certain other instruments that are not measured at fair value through net income. The Company will recognize an allowance for credit losses on available-for-sale securities rather than deductions in amortized cost. The standard is effective for fiscal years and interim periods beginning after December 15, 2019. Early adoption is permitted for all periods beginning after December 15, 2018. The adoption of this standard is not expected to have a significant impact on the Company’s financial statements.

Contract Balances and Performance Obligations (Notes)

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2018

Revenue, Initial Application Period Cumulative Effect Transition [Line Items]

Revenue from Contract with Customer [Text Block]

Revenue, Deferred Revenue, Contract Balances and Performance Obligations

The Company sells to customers based in the United States.

Deferred revenue as of June 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017 was $29.2 million and $30.4 million, respectively. Contract assets as of June 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017 were $1.8 million and $1.2 million, respectively.

$16.5 million and $12.4 million of revenue was recognized during the three months ended June 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively, that was included in the deferred revenue balances at the beginning of the respective periods. $22.6 million and $17.1 million of revenue was recognized during the six months ended June 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively, that was included in the deferred revenue balances at the beginning of the respective periods.

The Company recorded unfavorable cumulative catch-up adjustments to revenue arising from changes in estimates of transaction price of $0.8 million and $0.6 million during the three and six months ended June 30, 2018, respectively.

The aggregate balance of remaining performance obligations from non-cancelable contracts with customers as of June 30, 2018 was $143.7 million. The Company expects to recognize approximately 70% of this balance over the next 12 months, with the remaining balance recognized thereafter. Remaining performance obligations are defined as deferred revenue and amounts yet to billed for the non-cancelable portion of contracts.

Deferred Costs

Changes in the balance of total deferred commissions and total deferred professional service costs during the six months ended June 30, 2018 are as follows (in thousands):



	As of December 31, 2017⁽¹⁾				Expense recognized			As of June 30, 2018
	As of December 31, 2017⁽¹⁾		Additions		Expense recognized			As of June 30, 2018
Deferred commissions	$	27,512	$	2,979	$	(5,800	)	$	24,691
Deferred professional service costs	12,480		1,472		(2,097		)	11,855
Total deferred commissions and professional service costs	$	39,992	$	4,451	$	(7,897	)	$	36,546

______________________


(1)	Prior-period information has been adjusted for the adoption of ASC 606. See Note 2–Accounting Standards and Significant Accounting Policies for a summary of adjustments.

These costs are reviewed for impairment periodically, and no material impairment charges were recorded for the three and six months ended June 30, 2018.

Fair Value Measurements

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2018

Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract]

Fair Value Measurements

The Company measures its financial assets and liabilities at fair value at each reporting period using a fair value hierarchy that requires that the Company maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs when measuring fair value. A financial instrument’s classification within the fair value hierarchy is based upon the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement. Three levels of inputs may be used to measure fair value:

Level 1—Observable inputs that reflect quoted prices (unadjusted) for identical assets or liabilities in active markets.

Level 2—Include other inputs that are directly or indirectly observable in the marketplace.

Level 3—Unobservable inputs that are supported by little or no market activity.

The fair value of marketable securities included in the Level 2 category is based on observable inputs, such as quoted prices for similar assets at the measurement date; quoted prices in markets that are not active; or other inputs that are observable, either directly or indirectly. These values were obtained from a third-party pricing service and were evaluated using pricing models that vary by asset class and may incorporate available trade, bid and other market information and price quotes from well-established third party pricing vendors and broker-dealers.

There have been no changes in valuation techniques in the periods presented. There were no significant transfers between fair value measurement levels as of June 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017. As of June 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, there were no securities within Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy.

The following tables present information about the Company’s assets and liabilities that are measured at fair value on a recurring basis using the above input categories (in thousands):



	As of June 30, 2018
	Level 1		Level 2		Total
Cash equivalents:
U.S. agency obligations	$	—	$	7,740	$	7,740
Money market mutual funds	6,287		—		6,287
U.S. treasury securities	—		1,000		1,000
Marketable securities:
U.S. treasury securities	—		22,602		22,602
U.S. agency obligations	—		7,231		7,231
	$	6,287	$	38,573	$	44,860



	As of December 31, 2017
	Level 1		Level 2		Total
Cash equivalents:
U.S. agency obligations	$	—	$	18,366	$	18,366
Money market mutual funds	6,115		—		6,115
Marketable securities:
U.S. treasury securities	—		31,025		31,025
U.S. agency obligations	—		1,000		1,000
	$	6,115	$	50,391	$	56,506

Gross unrealized gains and losses for cash equivalents and marketable securities as of June 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017 were not material. The Company does not believe the unrealized losses represent other-than-temporary impairments based on the Company’s evaluation of available evidence as of June 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017.

There were no realized gains or losses during the three and six months ended June 30, 2018. All of the Company’s marketable securities as of June 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017 mature within one year. Marketable securities on the balance sheets consist of securities with original or remaining maturities at the time of purchase of greater than three months, and the remainder of the securities is reflected in cash and cash equivalents.

- Definition

The entire disclosure for the fair value of financial instruments (as defined), including financial assets and financial liabilities (collectively, as defined), and the measurements of those instruments as well as disclosures related to the fair value of non-financial assets and liabilities. Such disclosures about the financial instruments, assets, and liabilities would include: (1) the fair value of the required items together with their carrying amounts (as appropriate); (2) for items for which it is not practicable to estimate fair value, disclosure would include: (a) information pertinent to estimating fair value (including, carrying amount, effective interest rate, and maturity, and (b) the reasons why it is not practicable to estimate fair value; (3) significant concentrations of credit risk including: (a) information about the activity, region, or economic characteristics identifying a concentration, (b) the maximum amount of loss the entity is exposed to based on the gross fair value of the related item, (c) policy for requiring collateral or other security and information as to accessing such collateral or security, and (d) the nature and brief description of such collateral or security; (4) quantitative information about market risks and how such risks are managed; (5) for items measured on both a recurring and nonrecurring basis information regarding the inputs used to develop the fair value measurement; and (6) for items presented in the financial statement for which fair value measurement is elected: (a) information necessary to understand the reasons for the election, (b) discussion of the effect of fair value changes on earnings, (c) a description of [similar groups] items for which the election is made and the relation thereof to the balance sheet, the aggregate carrying value of items included in the balance sheet that are not eligible for the election; (7) all other required (as defined) and desired information.

+ References + Details

Marketable Securities

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2018

Investments, Debt and Equity Securities [Abstract]

Marketable Securities

All of the Company’s cash equivalents and marketable securities are classified as “available-for-sale” securities. These securities are reported at fair value, with the related unrealized gains and losses included in accumulated other comprehensive income, a component of stockholders’ equity, except for money market mutual funds, where gains and losses are included in the results of operation.

As of June 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively, marketable securities consisted of the following (in thousands):



	As of June 30, 2018
	Amortized Cost		Unrealized Gains		Unrealized Losses			Fair Value
U.S. treasury securities	$	23,610	$	—	$	(8	)	$	23,602
U.S. agency obligations	14,972		—		(1		)	14,971
Money market mutual funds	6,287		—		—			6,287
	44,869		—		(9		)	44,860
Included in cash and cash equivalents	15,027		—		—			15,027
Included in marketable securities	$	29,842	$	—	$	(9	)	$	29,833



	December 31, 2017
	Amortized Cost		Unrealized Gains		Unrealized Losses			Fair Value
U.S. treasury securities	$	31,047	$	—	$	(22	)	$	31,025
U.S. agency obligations	19,366		—		—			19,366
Money market mutual funds	6,115		—		—			6,115
	56,528		—		(22		)	56,506
Included in cash and cash equivalents	24,481		—		—			24,481
Included in marketable securities	$	32,047	$	—	$	(22	)	$	32,025

Business Combinations

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2018

Business Combinations [Abstract]

Business Combinations

On April 3, 2017, the Company completed its acquisition of Jiff, Inc. Prior to its acquisition, Jiff provided an enterprise health benefits platform that served as a central hub for employee wellbeing and employee benefit programs. The acquisition enabled the Company to offer a wellbeing platform, healthcare decision support and a benefits hub in one comprehensive package. The Company acquired Jiff for approximately 27,000,000 in shares and options.

At the closing of the transaction on April 3, 2017, Venrock, a holder of more than 5% of the Company’s capital stock, acquired a total of 3,965,979 shares of the Company’s Class B common stock in exchange for its shares of Jiff capital stock. Bryan Roberts, who is the chairman of the Company’s board of directors is also a partner at Venrock. Accordingly, the business combination was considered a related party transaction.

The Company’s board appointed a special committee, comprised solely of disinterested directors, to which it delegated the full and exclusive power, authority and discretion to evaluate, assess, and approve the Jiff transaction on its

behalf, including retaining a financial advisor for an opinion on the fairness of the financial conditions of the transaction. The transaction was approved solely by the special committee, which concluded that the transaction terms were fair to the Company and that the transaction was in the best interests of the Company and its stockholders.

As part of the merger, all options to purchase Jiff common stock held by Jiff employees who became employees of the combined company were converted into options to purchase the Company’s Class B common stock. Additionally, certain stockholders and option holders were to receive an aggregate of 1,000,000 shares of the Company’s Class B common stock or options to purchase the Company’s Class B common stock if the Jiff business achieved at least $25 million in revenue in 2017, and an aggregate of 3,000,000 shares of Class B common stock or options to purchase the Company’s Class B common stock if the Jiff business achieved at least $25 million in net new bookings during 2017 (“the milestones”). As of December 31, 2017, the Company evaluated and determined that both milestones were not met.

The following table summarizes the components of the purchase consideration transferred based on the closing price of the Company’s stock as of the acquisition date (in thousands):



	Fair value
Fair value of Company Class B common stock (25,054,049 shares @ $3.65 per share)	$	91,447
Fair value of contingent consideration	671
Fair value of assumed Jiff options attributable to pre-combination services	9,574
Transaction costs paid on behalf of Jiff	4,498
Estimated purchase price consideration	$	106,190

For the Jiff options assumed as part of the acquisition, the Company applied the ratio of pre-combination service provided, on a grant-by-grant basis, to the total service period and applied this ratio to the acquisition date fair value of the Jiff awards.

The Company determined that the contingent consideration shares associated with the milestones are one unit of account, and classified the contingent consideration as a liability as the arrangement can be settled in a variable number of shares and is not considered fixed-for-fixed. The Company determined that the fair value of the contingent consideration liability was $0.7 million at the date of the acquisition. The fair value was estimated by applying the Monte Carlo simulation model, based on the probability of completing the milestones and the changes in the fair value of the Company’s common stock. As of December 31, 2017, the Company determined there would be no related payment because the milestones were not met.

The final allocation of purchase consideration to assets acquired and liabilities assumed is reflected below. There were no changes to amounts previously recorded as assets or liabilities that resulted in a corresponding adjustment to goodwill.

The fair values of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed by major class in the acquisition of Jiff were recognized as follows (in thousands):



Cash	$	2,234
Current assets	5,159
Other assets	1,971
Acquired intangible assets	23,900
Goodwill	91,785
Total assets acquired	125,049
Deferred revenue	(1,857		)
Other current liabilities	(6,192		)
Debt	(5,578		)
Non-current liabilities	(5,232		)
Total net assets acquired	$	106,190

The fair values assigned to tangible assets acquired, liabilities assumed and identifiable intangible assets are based on management’s estimates and assumptions. The excess of purchase consideration over the fair value of net tangible and identifiable intangible assets acquired was recorded as goodwill. The goodwill balance is primarily attributed to the cross-selling opportunities, cost synergies, and a knowledgeable and experienced workforce which play an important role in the integration of the acquired customers and technology. The goodwill balance is not deductible for U.S. income tax purposes.

The following table sets forth the fair value components of identifiable acquired intangible assets (dollars in thousands):



	Fair Value		Useful Life
Customer relationships	$	10,900	10
Developed technology	10,600		5
Backlog	1,500		3
Other acquired intangible assets	900		1	-	3
Total identifiable intangible assets	$	23,900

Customer relationships represent the fair value of projected cash flows that will be derived from the sale of products to Jiff's existing customers based on existing, in-process, and future versions of the underlying technology. Developed technology represents Jiff’s benefits platform. The Company used the relief from royalty method to value the developed technology. To determine the net cash flow that a market participant would expect to realize from licensing the Company's technology, the Company estimated a net royalty rate, which excludes any expenses that would be incurred to maintain the current functionality of the technology.

The Company has included the financial results of Jiff in the Company’s condensed consolidated statements of operations from the date of acquisition.

The unaudited pro forma financial information in the table below summarizes the combined results of operations for the Company and Jiff as if the companies were combined as of the beginning of 2016 (the beginning of the comparable prior reporting period in the year of acquisition). The unaudited pro forma condensed combined financial information is presented for informational purposes only.

The historical consolidated financial statements have been adjusted in the pro forma combined financial statements to give effect to pro forma events that are directly attributable to the business combination and factually supportable. The unaudited pro forma financial information presented includes the business combination accounting effects resulting from the acquisition, including amortization charges from acquired intangible assets, stock-based compensation, and acquisition-related costs. In addition, the pro forma combined financial statements give effect to the adoption of ASC 606 in 2018.

The following table presents the unaudited pro forma condensed combined financial information for the periods presented, except for the financial information presented for the three and six months ended June 30, 2018 which is presented on an as-reported basis (in thousands):



	Three Months Ended June 30,						Six Months Ended June 30,
	2018			2017			2018			2017
Total revenue	$	37,784		$	32,598		$	74,263		$	63,943
Net loss	(13,958		)	(15,490		)	(28,402		)	(33,957		)

Property and equipment, net

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2018

Property, Plant and Equipment [Abstract]

Property and equipment

Property and Equipment

Property and equipment consisted of the following (in thousands):



	As of
	June 30, 2018			December 31, 2017
Leasehold improvements	$	3,393		$	2,915
Computer equipment	6,799			6,165
Software	1,134			1,149
Internal-use software	2,925			2,925
Furniture and equipment	1,154			1,293
Total	15,405			14,447
Accumulated depreciation	(10,158		)	(9,184		)
Property and equipment, net	$	5,247		$	5,263

Depreciation and amortization expense for the three months ended June 30, 2018 and 2017 was $0.8 million and $0.8 million, respectively. Depreciation and amortization expense for the six months ended June 30, 2018 and 2017 was $1.5 million and $1.5 million, respectively. Depreciation and amortization are recorded on a straight-line basis.

Debt (Notes)

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2018

Debt [Abstract]

Debt

Term Loan

In connection with the Company’s acquisition of Jiff, on April 3, 2017, the Company, Jiff and Silicon Valley Bank (the “Bank”) agreed to refinance the existing term loan facility owed by Jiff to the Bank (the “Loan Agreement”) for approximately $5.6 million (the “Term Loan”). The Term Loan requires interest-only payments for the period May 2017 through September 2018, followed by 36 monthly payments of principal and interest. Obligations under the Term Loan accrue interest at a floating per annum rate equal to the greater of (A) the prime rate as published in the money rates section of The Wall Street Journal (“Prime Rate”) minus 1% or (B) 0%. Interest on the Term Loan is payable monthly. The maturity date of the Term Loan is September 1, 2021.

In addition to principal and interest payments, the Company is also required to pay $0.5 million as final payment on the earlier of maturity, termination or prepayment of the Term Loan. The Company accrues for the final payment over the life of the Term Loan using the effective interest method.

The future maturities of the Term Loan by year as of June 30, 2018 are as follows (in thousands):



Remainder of 2018	$	620
2019	1,859
2020	1,859
2021⁽¹⁾	1,240
Total future maturities of debt⁽²⁾	$	5,578

_______________________

(1) Excludes the $0.5 million required to be paid as final payment on the earlier of maturity, termination or prepayment of the Term Loan.

(2) Includes $1.4 million classified as debt, current (within accrued expenses and other current liabilities) and $4.2 million classified as debt, non-current on the condensed consolidated balance sheet as of June 30, 2018.

Revolving Line of Credit

The Loan Agreement also provides for an up to $25 million revolving credit facility (the “Revolving Line”). The Company may request borrowings under the Revolving Line prior to April 3, 2019, on which date the Revolving Line terminates. As of June 30, 2018, no borrowings have been made under the Revolving Line.

In relation to the Loan Agreement, the Company is subject to certain financial and reporting covenants. As of June 30, 2018, none of the financial covenants, which require the Company to maintain a certain minimum liquidity ratio, are applicable. The Company was in compliance with all reporting covenants in the Loan Agreement related to the outstanding principal balance as of June 30, 2018.

Goodwill and Intangible Assets

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2018

Goodwill and Intangible Assets Disclosure [Abstract]

Goodwill and Intangible Assets

Goodwill

Currently, all of the Company’s goodwill relates to the acquisition of Jiff. The excess of purchase consideration over the fair value of net tangible and identifiable intangible assets acquired was recorded as goodwill. There were no changes to goodwill for the three and six months ended June 30, 2018.

Intangible assets, net

The following tables set forth the fair value components of identifiable acquired intangible assets (dollars in thousands):



	June 30, 2018
	Useful Life			Gross		Accumulated Amortization			Net
Customer relationships	10			$	10,900	$	(1,363	)	$	9,537
Developed technology	5			10,600		(2,650		)	7,950
Backlog	3			1,500		(960		)	540
Other acquired intangible assets	1	-	3	900		(783		)	117
Total identifiable intangible assets				$	23,900	$	(5,756	)	$	18,144



	December 31, 2017
	Useful Life			Gross		Accumulated Amortization			Net
Customer relationships	10			$	10,900	$	(818	)	$	10,082
Developed technology	5			10,600		(1,590		)	9,010
Backlog	3			1,500		(664		)	836
Other acquired intangible assets	1	-	3	900		(575		)	325
Total identifiable intangible assets				$	23,900	$	(3,647	)	$	20,253

Amortization expense from acquired intangible assets for the three months ended June 30, 2018 and 2017 was $1.0 million and $1.2 million, respectively. Amortization expense from acquired intangible assets for the six months ended June 30, 2018 and 2017 was $2.1 million and $1.2 million, respectively. Amortization expense is included in cost of subscription, and general and administrative, and sales and marketing expenses.

Estimated amortization expense for acquired intangible assets for the following five years and thereafter is as follows (in thousands):



Remainder of 2018	$	1,934
2019	3,505
2020	3,242
2021	3,210
2022	1,620
Thereafter	4,633
Total estimated amortization expense	$	18,144

- Definition

The entire disclosure for the aggregate amount of goodwill and a description of intangible assets, which may include (a) for amortizable intangible assets (also referred to as finite-lived intangible assets), the carrying amount, the amount of any significant residual value, and the weighted-average amortization period, (b) for intangible assets not subject to amortization (also referred to as indefinite-lived intangible assets), the carrying amount, and (c) the amount of research and development assets acquired and written off in the period, including the line item in the income statement in which the amounts written off are aggregated, if not readily apparent from the income statement. Also discloses (a) for amortizable intangibles assets in total and by major class, the gross carrying amount and accumulated amortization, the total amortization expense for the period, and the estimated aggregate amortization expense for each of the five succeeding fiscal years, (b) for intangible assets not subject to amortization the carrying amount in total and by major class, and (c) for goodwill, in total and for each reportable segment, the changes in the carrying amount of goodwill during the period (including the aggregate amount of goodwill acquired, the aggregate amount of impairment losses recognized, and the amount of goodwill included in the gain (loss) on disposal of a reporting unit). If any part of goodwill has not been allocated to a reportable segment, discloses the unallocated amount and the reasons for not allocating. For each impairment loss recognized related to an intangible asset (excluding goodwill), discloses: (a) a description of the impaired intangible asset and the facts and circumstances leading to the impairment, (b) the amount of the impairment loss and the method for determining fair value, (c) the caption in the income statement or the statement of activities in which the impairment loss is aggregated, and (d) the segment in which the impaired intangible asset is reported. For each goodwill impairment loss recognized, discloses: (a) a description of the facts and circumstances leading to the impairment, (b) the amount of the impairment loss and the method of determining the fair value of the associated reporting unit, and (c) if a recognized impairment loss is an estimate not finalized and the reasons why the estimate is not final. May also disclose the nature and amount of any significant adjustments made to a previous estimate of an impairment loss.

+ References + Details

Related Party Transactions (Notes)	6 Months Ended
Related Party Transactions (Notes)	Jun. 30, 2018
Related Party Transactions [Abstract]
Related Party Transactions and Variable Interest Entity	Related Party Transactions and Variable Interest Entity In 2015, the Company made a preferred stock investment of $4.1 million and entered into a strategic alliance with Lyra Health, Inc. ("Lyra"), a related party at the time of the investment. During the fourth quarter of 2017, the Company sold its investment in Lyra to a group of buyers that included related parties for a total selling price of $5.5 million. Lyra was considered a related party to the Company because two of the Company’s directors, Dr. Roberts and Mr. Ebersman, serve on the Lyra board of directors and Mr. Ebersman is Lyra’s chief executive officer. Prior to the sale of the investment in Lyra, the Company determined that Lyra is a variable interest entity and that it was not required to consolidate the operations of Lyra. Because Lyra was a related party and potential buyers were also related parties, the Company formed an independent committee of the Company's board of directors (the "Independent Committee"), comprised solely of disinterested directors, to approve the sale. The Company also engaged an independent third-party valuation expert to assist in determining the fair value of the Company's investment in Lyra. Based in part on the valuation performed, the Company negotiated a selling price of $5.5 million, which the Independent Committee approved after concluding that the transaction terms were fair to the Company. The sale resulted in a pre-tax gain of $1.4 million which was recorded in other income, net within the consolidated statements of operations included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2017.

Stock Compensation

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2018

Equity and Disclosure of Compensation Related Costs, Share-based Payments [Abstract]

Disclosure of Compensation Related Costs, Share-based Payments [Text Block]

Stock Compensation

Restricted Stock Units

A summary of restricted stock unit activity for the six months ended June 30, 2018 is as follows:



	Number of Shares Outstanding		Weighted- Average Grant Date Fair Value
Balance as of December 31, 2017	9,333,896		$	4.03
Restricted Stock Units granted ⁽¹⁾	4,797,974		$	3.69
Restricted Stock Units vested	(1,662,426	)	$	4.32
Restricted Stock Units forfeited and canceled ⁽²⁾	(1,737,125	)	$	3.65
Balance as of June 30, 2018	10,732,319		$	3.66

_______________________

(1) Includes 0.7 million performance stock units (“PSUs”) that were granted during the six months ended June 30, 2018.

(2) Includes PSUs that were granted in the prior year, which were canceled because performance targets were not achieved.

As of June 30, 2018, there was a total of $36.5 million in unrecognized compensation cost related to restricted stock units and performance stock units, which is expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of approximately 2.68 years.

During 2018, the Company awarded 0.7 million PSUs to certain employees. The number of shares that will eventually vest depends on achievement of performance targets for 2018, as determined by the compensation committee of the Company's board of directors, and may range from 0% to 150% of the targeted award amount. Once the performance is determined and a targeted award amount is fixed, the target number of PSUs, if any, will vest in eight quarterly installments, subject to recipients' continued service, beginning on February 16, 2019. The compensation expense associated with the PSUs is recognized using the accelerated method. For the three and six months ended June 30, 2018, the Company recognized compensation expense of approximately $0.3 million and $0.5 million, respectively, related to performance awards.

Stock Options

A summary of stock option activity for the six months ended June 30, 2018 is as follows:



	Options Outstanding		Weighted- Average Exercise Price		Aggregate Intrinsic Value
Balance as of December 31, 2017	10,335,178		$	2.83	$	19,253
Stock option grants	134,000		$	3.69
Stock options exercised	(1,527,309	)	$	1.47
Stock options forfeited and canceled	(581,748	)	$	12.93
Balance as of June 30, 2018	8,360,121		$	2.39	$	19,499

The total grant-date fair value of stock options granted during the six months ended June 30, 2018 and 2017 was $0.3 million and $0.8 million, respectively.

The fair value of each option grant was estimated on the date of grant using the Black-Scholes option-valuation model with the following assumptions and fair value per share:



	Six Months Ended June 30,
	2018					2017
Volatility	57%					61%
Expected life (in years)	6.06					6.02
Risk-free interest rate	2.72	%	-	2.74	%	2.03%
Dividend yield	—%					—%

As of June 30, 2018, the Company had $2.4 million in unrecognized compensation cost related to non-vested stock options, which is expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of approximately 2.36 years.

Commitments and Contingencies	6 Months Ended
Commitments and Contingencies	Jun. 30, 2018
Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure [Abstract]
Commitments and Contingencies	Commitments and Contingencies Legal Matters From time to time, the Company may become subject to other legal proceedings, claims or litigation arising in the ordinary course of business. In addition, the Company may receive letters alleging infringement of patents or other intellectual property rights. If an unfavorable outcome were to occur in litigation, the impact could be material to the Company’s business, financial condition, cash flow or results of operations, depending on the specific circumstances of the outcome. The Company accrues for loss contingencies when it is both probable that it will incur the loss and when it can reasonably estimate the amount of the loss or range of loss. Leases and Contractual Obligations The Company’s principal commitments primarily consist of obligations under leases for office space and co-location facilities for data center capacity. The Company’s existing lease agreements provide it with the option to renew and generally provide for rental payments on a graduated basis. The Company’s future operating lease obligations would change if it entered into additional operating lease agreements as the Company expands its operations and if it exercised these options. In March 2018, the Company subleased a portion of its engineering office located in Mountain View, California reducing its total rent obligation by $2.4 million and recognizing a one-time sublease loss of $0.9 million in research and development expense in the accompanying condensed consolidated statement of operations. In June 2018, the Company recognized a lease exit charge of approximately $0.8 million related to the remaining engineering office space in Mountain View, California that the Company will no longer utilize. This charge is recorded in research and development expense in the accompanying condensed consolidated statement of operations.

Stockholders' Equity	6 Months Ended
Stockholders' Equity	Jun. 30, 2018
Equity [Abstract]
Stockholders’ Equity	Stockholders’ Equity Common Stock As of June 30, 2018, the Company had 51,923,213 shares of Class A common stock and 85,805,797 shares of Class B common stock outstanding. Transactions with SAP Technologies, Inc. In May 2016, the Company entered into a Securities Purchase Agreement (the “Securities Purchase Agreement”) with SAP Technologies, Inc. (“SAP”) pursuant to which it sold and issued to SAP 4.7 million shares of its Class B Common Stock and a warrant (the “Warrant”), which gave SAP rights to purchase up to 1.9 million shares of the Company's Class B Common Stock for an exercise price of $4.91, subject to certain conditions. The net proceeds from this transaction were $17.8 million, net of issuance costs, and were used for working capital and other general corporate purposes. The Warrant was set to expire four years from the date the Company enters into agreements with SAP related to the distribution and the reselling of the Company’s solutions (the “Alliance Agreement”) within a prescribed period. During the second quarter of 2017, the Company and SAP modified the Warrant to extend the time period allowed to execute the Alliance Agreement from May 17, 2017 to November 17, 2017. However, the Alliance Agreement was not executed prior to that date and as a result, the Warrant expired. The shares and Warrant were considered freestanding instruments and were classified within stockholders’ equity. Initially, upon execution of the Securities Purchase Agreement, the Company preliminarily allocated the net proceeds to the shares, Warrant and a customer prepayment liability classified within accrued expenses and other current liabilities. However, as a result of the Warrant modification during the second quarter of 2017, the Company adjusted its allocation of the net proceeds, changing the classification of the customer prepayment liability to other assets. During the fourth quarter of 2017, the Company released the associated other asset and recorded a $1.1 million non-cash charge in other income, net in the consolidated statement of operations included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2017.

Income Taxes	6 Months Ended
Income Taxes	Jun. 30, 2018
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]
Income Taxes	Income Taxes The effective tax rate for the three and six months ended June 30, 2018 was zero percent. The effective tax rate for the three and six months ended June 30, 2017 was (29.6)% and (16.3)%, respectively. As a result of the acquisition of Jiff in April 2017, the Company recorded a tax benefit of $5.2 million as a discrete item in the second quarter of 2017. This tax benefit is a result of the partial release of its existing valuation allowance since the acquired deferred tax liabilities from Jiff will provide a source of income for the Company to realize a portion of its deferred tax assets, for which a valuation allowance is no longer needed. As of June 30, 2018, all unrecognized tax benefits are subject to a full valuation allowance and, if recognized, will not affect the effective tax rate. The Tax Cuts and Jobs Act enacted on December 22, 2017 resulted in substantial changes including reducing the US federal corporate income tax rate from 35 percent to 21 percent and requiring companies to pay a one-time transition tax on earnings of certain foreign subsidiaries that were previously tax deferred. The Act creates new taxes starting in 2018 on certain foreign sourced earnings. The Company applied the guidance in SAB 118 and at December 31, 2017 recorded provisional estimates to re-measure deferred taxes and liabilities using the new 21 percent rate which resulted in a net decrease of $54.6 million, with a corresponding offsetting change in valuation allowance of $54.6 million. During the three and six months ended June 30, 2018, the Company has not recorded any measurement period adjustments to the provisional estimates recorded at December 31, 2017.

Net Loss per Share

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2018

Earnings Per Share [Abstract]

Net Loss per Share

Basic net loss per share is computed by dividing the net loss by the weighted-average number of shares of common stock outstanding during the period. Diluted net loss per share is computed by giving effect to all potential shares of common stock, including Preferred Stock and outstanding stock options and warrants, to the extent dilutive. Basic and diluted net loss per share was the same for each period presented as the inclusion of all potential shares of common stock outstanding would have been anti-dilutive.

Net loss is allocated based on the contractual participation rights of the Class A and Class B common stock as if the earnings for the year have been distributed. As the liquidation and dividend rights are identical, the net loss is allocated on a proportionate basis.

The following table presents the calculation of basic and diluted net loss per share for the Company’s common stock (in thousands, except per share data):



	Three Months Ended June 30,												Six Months Ended June 30,
	2018						2017⁽¹⁾						2018						2017⁽¹⁾
	Class A			Class B			Class A			Class B			Class A			Class B			Class A			Class B
Net loss	$	(5,315	)	$	(8,643	)	$	(5,123	)	$	(7,256	)	$	(10,956	)	$	(17,446	)	$	(12,298	)	$	(14,455	)
Weighted-average shares used to compute basic and diluted net loss per share	52,043			84,639			54,018			76,519			52,401			83,442			54,153			63,654
Basic and diluted net loss per share	$	(0.10	)	$	(0.10	)	$	(0.09	)	$	(0.09	)	$	(0.21	)	$	(0.21	)	$	(0.23	)	$	(0.23	)

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(1)	Prior-period information has been adjusted for the adoption of ASC 606. See Note 2 –Accounting Standards and Significant Accounting Policies for a summary of adjustments.

The following securities were excluded from the calculation of diluted net loss per share for common stock because their effect would have been anti-dilutive for the periods presented (in thousands):



	Three Months Ended June 30,		Six Months Ended June 30,
	2018	2017	2018	2017
Stock options and restricted stock units	19,092	22,239	19,092	22,239
Warrants⁽¹⁾	115	2,020	115	2,020
Contingent issuable shares related to Jiff ⁽²⁾	—	3,284	—	3,284
Total	19,207	27,543	19,207	27,543

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(1) 2017 includes 1.9 million warrants issued to SAP that expired during the fourth quarter of 2017, as described in Note 14–Stockholders’ Equity.


(2)	As of December 31, 2017, the Company determined there would be no related payment because the milestones were not met. See Note 5–Business Combinations for additional information.

Deferred Costs (Notes)

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2018

Deferred Costs, Capitalized, Prepaid, and Other Assets Disclosure [Abstract]

Revenue from Contract with Customer [Text Block]

Revenue, Deferred Revenue, Contract Balances and Performance Obligations

The Company sells to customers based in the United States.

Deferred revenue as of June 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017 was $29.2 million and $30.4 million, respectively. Contract assets as of June 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017 were $1.8 million and $1.2 million, respectively.

$16.5 million and $12.4 million of revenue was recognized during the three months ended June 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively, that was included in the deferred revenue balances at the beginning of the respective periods. $22.6 million and $17.1 million of revenue was recognized during the six months ended June 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively, that was included in the deferred revenue balances at the beginning of the respective periods.

The Company recorded unfavorable cumulative catch-up adjustments to revenue arising from changes in estimates of transaction price of $0.8 million and $0.6 million during the three and six months ended June 30, 2018, respectively.

The aggregate balance of remaining performance obligations from non-cancelable contracts with customers as of June 30, 2018 was $143.7 million. The Company expects to recognize approximately 70% of this balance over the next 12 months, with the remaining balance recognized thereafter. Remaining performance obligations are defined as deferred revenue and amounts yet to billed for the non-cancelable portion of contracts.

Deferred Costs

Changes in the balance of total deferred commissions and total deferred professional service costs during the six months ended June 30, 2018 are as follows (in thousands):



	As of December 31, 2017⁽¹⁾				Expense recognized			As of June 30, 2018
	As of December 31, 2017⁽¹⁾		Additions		Expense recognized			As of June 30, 2018
Deferred commissions	$	27,512	$	2,979	$	(5,800	)	$	24,691
Deferred professional service costs	12,480		1,472		(2,097		)	11,855
Total deferred commissions and professional service costs	$	39,992	$	4,451	$	(7,897	)	$	36,546

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(1)	Prior-period information has been adjusted for the adoption of ASC 606. See Note 2–Accounting Standards and Significant Accounting Policies for a summary of adjustments.

These costs are reviewed for impairment periodically, and no material impairment charges were recorded for the three and six months ended June 30, 2018.

Subsequent Events (Notes)	6 Months Ended
Subsequent Events (Notes)	Jun. 30, 2018
Subsequent Events [Abstract]
Subsequent Events	Subsequent Events On August 1, 2018, the Company’s Board of Directors committed to a program to reduce its workforce in order to reduce expenses, align its operations with evolving business needs and improve efficiencies. This was in part due to the unexpected churn of a large customer. Under this program, the Company intends to reduce total expenses by 10%-15% including a reduction of its workforce. The actions associated with this program are expected to be largely completed by September 30, 2018. The Company is unable at this time to make a good faith estimate of the major costs associated with this program, including charges it will incur or related cash expenditures.

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Policies)

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2018

Accounting Policies [Abstract]

Basis of Accounting Presentation and Principles of Consolidation

Basis of Presentation and Principles of Consolidation

The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements include Castlight and its wholly-owned subsidiaries. All intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation. The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”) and applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) regarding interim financial reporting. In the opinion of management, the information herein reflects all adjustments, consisting only of normal recurring adjustments except as otherwise noted, considered necessary for a fair statement of results of operations, financial position and cash flows. The results for the interim periods presented are not necessarily indicative of the results expected for any future period. The following information should be read in conjunction with the audited financial statements and notes thereto included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2017.

Effective January 1, 2018, the Company adopted Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) No. 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (“ASC 606”) using the full retrospective method. Amounts and disclosures set forth in this Form 10-Q have been updated to comply with this new standard.

Certain prior period amounts reported in the condensed consolidated financial statements and notes have been reclassified to conform to current period presentation.

Use of Estimates

The preparation of condensed consolidated financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires the Company to make certain estimates, judgments and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities as of the date of the financial statements, as well as the reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the reporting period. These estimates include, but are not limited to the determination of:

•The fair value of assets acquired and liabilities assumed for business combination;

•The amortization period for deferred commissions and deferred professional services costs;

•Variable consideration included in the transaction price of the Company’s contracts with customers;

•The standalone selling price of the performance obligations in the Company’s contracts with customers; and

•Assumptions used in the valuation of certain equity awards.

Actual results could differ from those estimates, and such differences could be material to the Company’s consolidated financial position and results of operations.

Revenue Recognition

Revenues are derived primarily from contracts with customers for subscription services and professional services. Revenues are recognized when control of these services is transferred to the Company’s customers, in an amount that reflects the consideration the Company expects to be entitled to in exchange for those services. Revenues do not include sales taxes.

We determine revenue recognition through the following steps:


•	Identification of the contract, or contracts, with a customer;


•	Identification of the performance obligations in the contract;


•	Determination of the transaction price;


•	Allocation of the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract; and


•	Recognition of revenue when, or as, the Company satisfies a performance obligation.