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UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
________________________________________________________________________________________________
FORM 10-Q
________________________________________________________________________________________________
(Mark One)

		
☒	QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934	
For the quarterly period ended June 30, 2019
OR

		
☐	TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934	
For the transition period from                      to                     
Commission File Number 001-33843
________________________________________________________________________________________________

Synacor, Inc.
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
________________________________________________________________________________________________

			
Delaware	 	16-1542712	
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation)	 	(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)	

			
40 La Riviere Drive, Suite 300	 	14202	
Buffalo,	 	(Zip Code)	
New York	 	 	
(Address of principal executive offices)	 	 	
________________________________________________________________________________________________
Registrant’s telephone number, including area code: ( 716 ) 853-1362
________________________________________________________________________________________________
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.     Yes    ☒     No  ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files).     Yes    ☒     No  ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

					
Large accelerated filer	☐	 	Accelerated filer	☒	
Non-accelerated filer	☐	 	Smaller reporting company	☒	
 	 	 	Emerging growth company	☐	
If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).     Yes    ☐     No   ☒
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

			
Title of each class	Trading
Symbol(s)	Name of each exchange on which registered	
Common Stock, $0.01 Par Value	SYNC	The Nasdaq Stock Market LLC	
(voting)
	 	(The Nasdaq Global Market)	

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As of August 5, 2019 , there were 36,061,416 shares of the registrant’s common stock outstanding.

	

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SYNACOR, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
TABLE OF CONTENTS

			
 	 	Page	
PART I.	FINANCIAL INFORMATION	 	
Item 1.	Financial Statements	 	
 	Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets - Unaudited as of June 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018	2	
 	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations - Unaudited for the Three and Six Months Ended June 30, 2019 and 2018	3	
 	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Loss – Unaudited for the Three and Six Months Ended June 30, 2019 and 2018	4	
 	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity – Unaudited for the Three and Six Months Ended June 30, 2019	5	
 	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity – Unaudited for the Three and Six months Ended June 30, 2018
	6	
 	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows—Unaudited for the Six Months Ended June 30, 2019 and 2018	7	
 	Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements – Unaudited as of June 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, and for the Three and Six Months Ended June 30, 2019 and 2018	8	
Item 2.	Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	21	
Item 3.	Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk	29	
Item 4.	Controls and Procedures	29	
 	 	 	
PART II.	OTHER INFORMATION	 	
Item 1.	Legal Proceedings	31	
Item 1A.	Risk Factors	31	
Item 2.	Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds	31	
Item 3.	Defaults Upon Senior Securities	31	
Item 4.	Mine Safety Disclosures	31	
Item 5.	Other Information	31	
Item 6.	Exhibits	32	
 	 	 	
 	SIGNATURES	33	

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PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION
ITEM 1. CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
SYNACOR, INC.
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS - UNAUDITED
AS OF JUNE 30, 2019 AND DECEMBER 31, 2018
(In thousands except for share and per share data)

								
 	June 30,
2019	 	December 31,
2018	
ASSETS	
CURRENT ASSETS:	 	 	 	
Cash and cash equivalents	$	13,417		 	$	15,921		
Accounts receivable—net of allowance of $260 and $225	21,894		 	25,567		
Prepaid expenses and other current assets	3,871		 	3,779		
Total current assets	39,182		 	45,267		
PROPERTY AND EQUIPMENT, net	18,384		 	18,707		
OPERATING LEASE RIGHT-OF-USE ASSETS, net	6,333		 	—		
GOODWILL	15,947		 	15,941		
INTANGIBLE ASSETS, net	9,482		 	10,553		
OTHER ASSETS	926		 	995		
Total assets	$	90,254		 	$	91,463		
 	 	 	 	
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY	
CURRENT LIABILITIES:	 	 	 	
Accounts payable	$	17,096		 	$	19,174		
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities	5,830		 	7,849		
Current portion of deferred revenue	6,219		 	6,672		
Current portion of long-term debt and finance leases	3,547		 	2,328		
Current portion of operating lease liabilities	2,823		 	—		
Total current liabilities	35,515		 	36,023		
LONG-TERM PORTION OF DEBT AND FINANCE LEASES	491		 	1,367		
LONG-TERM PORTION OF OPERATING LEASE LIABILITIES	3,696		 	—		
DEFERRED REVENUE	2,860		 	2,214		
DEFERRED INCOME TAXES	270		 	231		
OTHER LONG-TERM LIABILITIES	278		 	457		
Total liabilities	43,110		 	40,292		
COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES (Note 8)			 			
STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY:	 	 	 	
Preferred stock – par value $0.01 per share; authorized 10,000,000 shares; none
issued	—		 	—		
Common stock – par value $0.01 per share; authorized 100,000,000 shares;
39,917,519 shares issued and 39,061,146 shares outstanding at June 30, 2019 and
39,880,054 shares issued and 39,027,572 shares outstanding at December 31, 2018	399		 	399		
Treasury stock – at cost, 856,373 shares at June 30, 2019 and
852,482 shares at December 31, 2018	(1,905	)	 	(1,899	)	
Additional paid-in capital	145,464		 	144,739		
Accumulated deficit	(96,457	)	 	(91,726	)	
Accumulated other comprehensive loss	(357	)	 	(342	)	
Total stockholders’ equity	47,144		 	51,171		
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity	$	90,254		 	$	91,463		
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

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SYNACOR, INC.
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS - UNAUDITED
FOR THE  THREE AND SIX MONTHS ENDED JUNE 30, 2019 AND 2018
(In thousands except for share and per share data)

																	
 	 	Three Months Ended
June 30,	 	Six Months Ended
June 30,	
 	 	2019	 	2018	 	2019	 	2018	
REVENUE	 	$	31,849		 	$	35,923		 	$	63,673		 	$	68,838		
COSTS AND OPERATING EXPENSES:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Cost of revenue (exclusive of depreciation and amortization
shown separately below)	 	17,152		 	18,506		 	33,658		 	34,041		
Technology and development (exclusive of depreciation and
amortization shown separately below)	 	4,577		 	5,819		 	9,123		 	12,188		
Sales and marketing	 	5,550		 	6,904		 	11,541		 	12,840		
General and administrative (exclusive of depreciation and
amortization shown separately below)	 	3,955		 	4,320		 	8,420		 	9,337		
Depreciation and amortization	 	2,567		 	2,444		 	5,002		 	4,879		
Total costs and operating expenses	 	33,801		 	37,993		 	67,744		 	73,285		
LOSS FROM OPERATIONS	 	(1,952	)	 	(2,070	)	 	(4,071	)	 	(4,447	)	
OTHER (EXPENSE) INCOME, net	 	(207	)	 	(133	)	 	9		 	(14	)	
INTEREST EXPENSE	 	(55	)	 	(88	)	 	(119	)	 	(185	)	
LOSS BEFORE INCOME TAXES	 	(2,214	)	 	(2,291	)	 	(4,181	)	 	(4,646	)	
PROVISION FOR INCOME TAXES	 	273		 	293		 	550		 	313		
NET LOSS	 	$	(2,487	)	 	$	(2,584	)	 	$	(4,731	)	 	$	(4,959	)	
NET LOSS PER SHARE:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Basic	 	$	(0.06	)	 	$	(0.07	)	 	$	(0.12	)	 	$	(0.13	)	
Diluted	 	$	(0.06	)	 	$	(0.07	)	 	$	(0.12	)	 	$	(0.13	)	
WEIGHTED AVERAGE SHARES USED TO COMPUTE NET LOSS PER SHARE:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Basic	 	39,056,381		 	38,823,056		 	39,047,561		 	38,808,690		
Diluted	 	39,056,381		 	38,823,056		 	39,047,561		 	38,808,690		
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

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SYNACOR, INC.
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE LOSS – UNAUDITED
FOR THE  THREE AND SIX MONTHS ENDED JUNE 30, 2019 AND 2018
(In thousands)

																
 	Three Months Ended
June 30,	 	Six Months Ended
June 30,	
 	2019	 	2018	 	2019	 	2018	
Net loss	$	(2,487	)	 	$	(2,584	)	 	$	(4,731	)	 	$	(4,959	)	
Other comprehensive loss:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Changes in foreign currency translation adjustment	122		 	(111	)	 	(15	)	 	(175	)	
Comprehensive loss	$	(2,365	)	 	$	(2,695	)	 	$	(4,746	)	 	$	(5,134	)	
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

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SYNACOR, INC.
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY – UNAUDITED
FOR THE THREE AND SIX MONTHS ENDED JUNE 30, 2019
(In thousands except for share data)

																														
 	Common Stock	 	Treasury Stock	 	Additional
Paid-in
Capital	 	Accumulated
Deficit	 	Accumulated
Other
Comprehensive
Income (Loss)	 	Total	
 	Shares	 	Amount	 	Shares	 	Amount	 		 		 		 		
BALANCE—April 1, 2019	39,905,289		 	$	399		 	852,607		 	$	(1,899	)	 	$	145,123		 	$	(93,970	)	 	$	(479	)	 	$	49,174		
Exercise of common stock options	1,708		 	—		 	—		 	—		 	3		 	—		 	—		 	3		
Stock-based compensation cost	—		 	—		 	—		 	—		 	338		 	—		 	—		 	338		
Vesting of restricted stock units, net of treasury stock	10,522		 	—		 	3,766		 	(6	)	 	—		 	—		 	—		 	(6	)	
Net loss	—		 	—		 	—		 	—		 	—		 	(2,487	)	 	—		 	(2,487	)	
Other comprehensive loss	—		 	—		 	—		 	—		 	—		 	—		 	122		 	122		
BALANCE—June 30, 2019	39,917,519		 	$	399		 	856,373		 	$	(1,905	)	 	$	145,464		 	$	(96,457	)	 	$	(357	)	 	$	47,144		

																														
 	Common Stock	 	Treasury Stock	 	Additional
Paid-in
Capital	 	Accumulated
Deficit	 	Accumulated
Other
Comprehensive
Income (Loss)	 	Total	
 	Shares	 	Amount	 	Shares	 	Amount	 		 		 		 		
BALANCE—January 1, 2019	39,880,054		 	$	399		 	852,482		 	$	(1,899	)	 	$	144,739		 	$	(91,726	)	 	$	(342	)	 	$	51,171		
Exercise of common stock options	26,527		 	—		 	—		 	—		 	40		 	—		 	—		 	40		
Stock-based compensation cost	—		 	—		 	—		 	—		 	685		 	—		 	—		 	685		
Vesting of restricted stock units, net of treasury stock	10,938		 	—		 	3,891		 	(6	)	 	—		 	—		 	—		 	(6	)	
Net loss	—		 	—		 	—		 	—		 	—		 	(4,731	)	 	—		 	(4,731	)	
Other comprehensive loss	—		 	—		 	—		 	—		 	—		 	—		 	(15	)	 	(15	)	
June 30, 2019	39,917,519		 	$	399		 	856,373		 	$	(1,905	)	 	$	145,464		 	$	(96,457	)	 	$	(357	)	 	$	47,144		
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

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SYNACOR, INC.
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY – UNAUDITED
FOR THE THREE AND SIX MONTHS ENDED June 30, 2018
(In thousands except for share data)

																														
 	Common Stock	 	Treasury Stock	 	Additional
Paid-in
Capital	 	Accumulated
Deficit	 	Accumulated
Other
Comprehensive
Income (Loss)	 	Total	
 	Shares	 	Amount	 	Shares	 	Amount	 		 		 		 		
BALANCE—April 1, 2018	39,638,942		 	$	396		 	842,220		 	$	(1,881	)	 	$	143,054		 	$	(86,546	)	 	$	(93	)	 	$	54,930		
Exercise of common stock options	49,218		 	(3	)	 	—		 	—		 	88		 	—		 	—		 	85		
Stock-based compensation cost	—		 	—		 	—		 	—		 	556		 	—		 	—		 	556		
Vesting of restricted stock units, net of treasury stock	16,660		 	—		 	6,534		 	(12	)	 	—		 	—		 	—		 	(12	)	
Net loss	—		 	—		 	—		 	—		 	—		 	(2,584	)	 	—		 	(2,584	)	
Other comprehensive loss	—		 	—		 	—		 	—		 	—		 	—		 	(111	)	 	(111	)	
BALANCE—June 30, 2018	39,704,820		 	$	393		 	848,754		 	$	(1,893	)	 	$	143,698		 	$	(89,130	)	 	$	(204	)	 	$	52,864		

																														
 	Common Stock	 	Treasury Stock	 	Additional
Paid-in
Capital	 	Accumulated
Deficit	 	Accumulated
Other
Comprehensive
Income (Loss)	 	Total	
 	Shares	 	Amount	 	Shares	 	Amount	 		 		 		 		
BALANCE—January 1, 2018	39,625,980		 	$	396		 	842,220		 	$	(1,881	)	 	$	142,486		 	$	(86,627	)	 	$	(29	)	 	$	54,345		
Impact of the adoption of ASC 606, net of tax	—		 	—		 	—		 	—		 	—		 	2,456		 	—		 	2,456		
Exercise of common stock options	61,764		 	(3	)	 	—		 	—		 	88		 	—		 	—		 	85		
Stock-based compensation cost	—		 	—		 	—		 	—		 	1,124		 	—		 	—		 	1,124		
Vesting of restricted stock units, net of treasury stock	17,076		 	—		 	6,534		 	(12	)	 	—		 	—		 	—		 	(12	)	
Net loss	—		 	—		 	—		 	—		 	—		 	(4,959	)	 	—		 	(4,959	)	
Other comprehensive loss	—		 	—		 	—		 	—		 	—		 	—		 	(175	)	 	(175	)	
BALANCE—June 30, 2018	39,704,820		 	$	393		 	848,754		 	$	(1,893	)	 	$	143,698		 	$	(89,130	)	 	$	(204	)	 	$	52,864		
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

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SYNACOR, INC.
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS - UNAUDITED
FOR THE SIX MONTHS ENDED JUNE 30, 2019 AND 2018
(In thousands)

								
 	Six Months Ended
June 30,	
 	2019	 	2018	
CASH FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES:	 	 	 	
Net loss	$	(4,731	)	 	$	(4,959	)	
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash and cash equivalents
provided by operating activities:	 	 	 	
Depreciation and amortization	5,473		 	4,879		
Capitalized software impairment	226		 	—		
Stock-based compensation expense	655		 	1,090		
Provision for deferred income taxes	40		 	(119	)	
Change in allowance for doubtful accounts	34		 	—		
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:	 	 	 	
Accounts receivable, net	3,639		 	9,942		
Prepaid expenses and other assets	(23	)	 	(882	)	
Operating lease right-of-use assets and liabilities, net	36		 	—		
Accounts payable, accrued expenses and other liabilities	(4,030	)	 	(10,586	)	
Deferred revenue	193		 	(1,946	)	
Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities	1,512		 	(2,581	)	
CASH FLOWS FROM INVESTING ACTIVITIES:	 	 	 	
Purchases of property and equipment	(2,444	)	 	(3,978	)	
Net cash used in investing activities	(2,444	)	 	(3,978	)	
CASH FLOWS FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES:	 	 	 	
Repayments on long-term debt and finance leases	(1,585	)	 	(867	)	
Proceeds from exercise of common stock options	40		 	103		
Purchase of treasury stock and shares received to satisfy minimum tax
withholdings	(6	)	 	(12	)	
Net cash used in financing activities	(1,551	)	 	(776	)	
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents	(21	)	 	(187	)	
NET DECREASE IN CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS	(2,504	)	 	(7,522	)	
Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of period	15,921		 	22,476		
Cash and cash equivalents, end of period	$	13,417		 	$	14,954		
SUPPLEMENTAL DISCLOSURES OF CASH FLOW INFORMATION:	 	 	 	
Cash paid for interest	$	120		 	$	175		
Cash paid for income taxes	$	403		 	$	185		
SUPPLEMENTAL DISCLOSURES OF NON-CASH INVESTING AND FINANCING TRANSACTIONS:	 	 	 	
Minimum long-term debt and finance lease payments in accounts payable	$	88		 	$	436		
Accrued property and equipment expenditures	$	188		 	$	208		
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

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SYNACOR, INC.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - UNAUDITED
AS OF JUNE 30, 2019 AND DECEMBER 31, 2018 , AND
FOR THE THREE AND SIX MONTHS ENDED JUNE 30, 2019 AND 2018
		
1 .	The Company and Summary of Significant Accounting Principles	
Synacor, Inc., together with its consolidated subsidiaries (collectively, the “Company” or “Synacor”), is a digital technology company that provides email and collaboration software, cloud-based identity management platforms, managed web and mobile portals, and advertising solutions. The Company’s customers include communications providers, media companies, government entities and enterprises. Synacor is a trusted partner for enterprise software platforms and monetization solutions that Synacor delivers through public and private cloud software-as-a-service, software licensing, and professional services. Synacor enable clients to deepen their engagement with their consumers and users.
Basis of Presentation —
The interim unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes have been prepared in accordance with United States generally accepted accounting principles (“U.S. GAAP”) and include the accounts of the Company and its wholly-owned subsidiaries. All intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation. In the opinion of the Company’s management, the interim unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements include all adjustments, which include only normal recurring adjustments, necessary for the fair presentation of the Company’s financial position for the periods presented. These interim unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements are not necessarily indicative of the results expected for the full fiscal year or for any subsequent period.
The accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheet as of December 31, 2018 was derived from the audited financial statements as of that date, but does not include all the information and footnotes required by U.S. GAAP. These financial statements should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and related notes included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended  December 31, 2018 .
During the first quarter of 2019, the Company made a change to its segment reporting structure which resulted in two segments 1 ) Software & Services and 2 ) Portal & Advertising. As a result certain prior year amounts have been restated to conform to current year’s presentation. Historical Amounts in Note 2 – Revenue from Contracts with Customers, Note 4 - Goodwill and Intangible Assets and Note 7 – Segment Information have been restated to reflect these changes in reportable segments.
Additionally, the Company has reclassified certain costs and expenses in the consolidated statement of operations for the three and six months ended June 30, 2018 , amounting to $0.3 million and $0.6 million respectively, from technology and development to cost of revenue to conform to the current period presentation. These reclassifications had no effect on previously reported total costs and operating expenses and net loss.
Accounting Estimates —
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates, judgments and assumptions that affect the amounts reported and disclosed in the financial statements and the accompanying notes. The Company bases its estimates on historical experience and on various other assumptions that are believed to be reasonable, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilities. Such estimates primarily relate to unsettled transactions and events as of the date of the financial statements. Accordingly, actual results may differ from estimated amounts.
Concentrations of Risk —
As of June 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018 , the Company had concentrations equal to or exceeding 10% of the Company’s accounts receivable as follows:

						
 	Accounts Receivable	
 	June 30, 2019	 	December 31, 2018	
Portal & Advertising Customer A	13	%	 	15	%	

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For the three and six months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018 , the Company had concentrations equal to or exceeding 10% of the Company’s revenue as follows:

													
 	 	Revenue	
 	 	Three Months Ended
June 30,	 	Six Months Ended
June 30,	
 	 	2019	 	2018	 	2019	 	2018	
Google search	 	12	%	 	14	%	 	12	%	 	14	%	
Google advertising affiliate	 	*		 	12	%	 	*		 	14	%	
Portal & Advertising Customer A	 	12	%	 	*		 	13	%	 	*		
* - Less than 10%	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
For the three and six months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018 , the following customers received revenue-share payments equal to or exceeding 10% of the Company’s cost of revenue:

													
 	 	Cost of Revenue	
 	 	Three Months Ended
June 30,	 	Six Months Ended
June 30,	
 	 	2019	 	2018	 	2019	 	2018	
Portal & Advertising Customer B	 	28	%	 	30	%	 	29	%	 	26	%	

Recent Accounting Pronouncements —
Not Yet Adopted
In August 2018, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) No. 2018 -15 ,  Customer’s Accounting For Implementation Costs Incurred in a Cloud Computing Arrangement That Is a Service Contract  (“ASU 2018 -15 ”), which aligns the requirements for capitalizing implementation costs in a cloud computing arrangement with the requirements for capitalizing implementation costs incurred for an internal-use software license. Adoption of this guidance is required for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019 and interim periods within those fiscal years and early adoption is permitted. Entities are permitted to choose to adopt the new guidance (1) prospectively for eligible costs incurred on or after the date this guidance is first applied or (2) retrospectively. The Company is evaluating the impact of this new accounting standard on its financial statements.
Recently Adopted
On January 1, 2019 the Company adopted ASU No. 2016 -2 ,  Leases  (Topic 842) (ASU 2016 -2 ), as amended, which generally requires lessees to recognize operating and financing lease liabilities and corresponding right-of-use (ROU) assets on the balance sheet and to provide enhanced disclosures surrounding the amount, timing and uncertainty of cash flows arising from leasing arrangements. In July 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018 -11 ,  Leases (Topic 842), Targeted Improvements,  which provides an additional, optional transition method with which to adopt the new leases standard. This additional transition method allows for a cumulative-effect adjustment to the opening balance of retained earnings in the period of adoption, rather than in the earliest period presented in the financial statements, as originally required by ASU 2016 -2 . The Company adopted the standard using the additional transition method introduced by ASU 2018 -11 . The most significant impact was the recognition of ROU assets and lease liabilities for operating leases, while our accounting for finance leases remained substantially unchanged. For information regarding the impact of Topic 842 adoption, see Significant Accounting Policies - Leases and Note 3 — Leases.
The Company considers the applicability and impact of all ASUs. ASUs not listed above were assessed and determined to be either not applicable, or had or are expected to have minimal impact on the Company’s financial statements and related disclosures.
Significant Accounting Policies – Leases
On January 1, 2019, the Company adopted Topic 842 using the modified retrospective transition approach by applying the new standard to all leases existing at the date of initial application and not restating prior periods. Results and disclosure requirements for reporting periods beginning after January 1, 2019 are presented under Topic 842, while prior period amounts have not been adjusted and continue to be reported in accordance with our historical accounting under Topic 840.

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The Company elected the package of practical expedients permitted under the transition guidance, which allowed for the carryforward of historical lease classification, on whether a contract was or contains a lease, and of the assessment of initial direct costs for any leases that existed prior to January 1, 2019. The Company also elected to combine lease and non-lease components and to keep leases with an initial term of 12 months or less off the balance sheet and recognize the associated lease payments in the consolidated statements of income on a straight-line basis over the lease term.
On January 1, 2019, the Company recognized additional ROU assets of $10.2 million , with corresponding liabilities of $10.4 million on the condensed consolidated balance sheet. The difference between the lease liability and the ROU asset represents the existing deferred rent liabilities balances before adoption, resulting from historical straight-lining of rent expense, which was reclassified upon adoption to reduce the measurement of the initial ROU asset. This was in addition to the $3.4 million of finance lease ROU assets previously reported in property and equipment, net as capital leases. The adoption did not impact our beginning stockholders’ equity, and did not have a material impact on the condensed consolidated statement of operations and statement of cash flows for the three and six months ended June 30, 2019 .
Under Topic 842, the Company determines if an arrangement is a lease and classifies that lease as either an operating or finance lease at inception. ROU assets and liabilities are recognized at commencement date based on the present value of remaining lease payments over the lease term. For this purpose, only payments that are fixed and determinable at the time of commencement are considered. As many of the leases do not provide an implicit rate, the Company uses its incremental borrowing rate based on the information available at commencement date in determining the present value of lease payments. The incremental borrowing rate is a hypothetical rate based on factors including the Company’s credit rating. The ROU asset also includes any lease payments made prior to commencement and is recorded net of any lease incentives received. Lease terms may include options to extend or terminate the lease when it is reasonably certain that the options will be exercised.
Operating leases are included in operating lease right-of-use assets, operating lease liabilities, and current and long-term operating lease liabilities on our condensed consolidated balance sheets. Finance leases are included in property and equipment-net, and on the current and long-term portion of debt and finance leases on our condensed consolidated balance sheets.
Significant Accounting Policies – Goodwill and Segments
During the first quarter of 2019 , the Company made changes to its segment reporting structure that resulted in two reportable segments: 1 ) Software & Services and 2 ) Portal & Advertising. Previously the Company concluded that it had one reportable segment. This change resulted in two reporting units for the purpose of impairment analysis for goodwill.
The Company evaluates goodwill for impairment for each of its reporting units at least annually, during the fourth quarter, and whenever events occur or circumstances change, such as changes in the business climate, poor indicators of operating performance or the sale or disposition of a significant portion of a reporting unit. The Company is required to evaluate goodwill for impairment when there is a change in reporting units.
Companies may perform a qualitative assessment as the initial step in the annual goodwill impairment testing process for all or selected reporting units. Companies are also allowed to bypass the qualitative analysis and perform a quantitative analysis if desired. Economic uncertainties and the length of time from the calculation of a baseline fair value are factors that we consider in determining whether to perform a quantitative test.
When the Company evaluates the potential for goodwill impairment using a qualitative assessment, the Company considers factors including, but not limited to, macroeconomic conditions, industry conditions, the competitive environment, changes in the market for our products and services, regulatory and political developments, entity specific factors such as strategy and changes in key personnel and overall financial performance. If, after completing this assessment, it is determined that it is more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying value, we proceed to a quantitative two-step impairment test.
Quantitative testing first requires a comparison of the fair value of each reporting unit to its carrying value. The fair value of each reporting unit is determined using a combination of an income approach and a market approach. If the carrying value of the reporting unit exceeds its fair value, goodwill is considered impaired and any loss must be measured.
The income approach uses a discounted cash flow method to estimate the fair value of our reporting units. The discounted cash flow method incorporates various assumptions, the most significant being projected revenue growth rates, operating margins and cash flows, the terminal growth rate and the discount rate. The Company projects revenue growth rates, operating margins and cash flows based on each reporting unit's current business, expected developments and operational strategies typically over a five-year period.

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The market approach determines fair value based on available market pricing for comparable assets. Valuation multiples were calculated utilizing actual transaction prices and revenue or EBITDA data from target companies deemed similar to the reporting unit. Valuation multiples were then applied to certain operating statistics such as revenue or EBITDA, and an estimated control premium was applied.
If the carrying amount of the reporting unit exceeds the reporting unit’s fair value as determined using the two valuation methodologies described above, an impairment loss is recognized in the amount by which the carrying value of the reporting unit exceeds the fair value of the reporting unit.
The determination of our assumptions is subjective and requires significant estimates. Changes in these estimates and assumptions could materially affect the results of our reviews for impairment of goodwill.
Impairment Analysis
As stated above during the first quarter of 2019 , the Company made changes to our segment reporting structure that resulted in two  reportable segments: 1 ) Software & Services and 2 ) Portal & Advertising. This change also resulted in two reporting units used to review goodwill for impairment. The Company performed a quantitative test for both reporting units and both reporting units fair value exceeded carrying value.
In accordance with ASC 350-20-35, the Company assesses goodwill of an entity (or a reporting unit) for impairment if an event occurs or circumstances change that indicate that the fair value of the entity (or the reporting unit) may be below its carrying amount (a triggering event). As a result of the such assessment of relevant events and circumstances, the Company performed a quantitative test for the Portal & Advertising segment as of June 30, 2019 for which the fair value exceeded the carrying value.
As such, no impairment charges were recorded for the three and six months ended June 30, 2019 .
		
2 .	Revenue from Contracts with Customers	
The Company generates all of its revenue from contracts with customers. Many of the Company’s contracts with customers contain multiple performance obligations. For these contracts, the Company accounts for individual performance obligations separately if they are distinct. The transaction price is allocated to the separate performance obligations on a relative standalone selling price basis. Standalone selling prices of software licenses are typically estimated using the residual approach. Standalone selling prices of services are typically estimated based on observable transactions when these services are sold on a standalone basis. The Company usually expects payment within 30 to 90 days from the invoice date (fulfillment of performance obligations or per contract terms). None of the Company’s contracts as of June 30, 2019 contained a significant financing component. Differences between the amount of revenue recognized and the amount invoiced, collected from, or paid to its customers as part of a revenue-share arrangement, are recognized as deferred revenue.
Disaggregation of revenue
The following table provides information about disaggregated revenue for the three and six months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018 by the timing of revenue recognition, and includes a reconciliation of the disaggregated revenue by reportable segment (in thousands):

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 	 	Three Months Ended
June 30,	 	Six Months Ended
June 30,	
 	 	2019	 	2018	 	2019	 	2018	
Software & Services	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Products and services transferred over time	 	$	8,388		 	$	9,042		 	$	17,263		 	$	17,828		
Products transferred at a point in time	 	2,200		 	3,784		 	4,483		 	5,683		
Total Software & Services	 	$	10,588		 	$	12,826		 	$	21,746		 	$	23,511		
Portal & Advertising	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Products and services transferred over time	 	$	1,202		 	$	1,964		 	$	2,708		 	$	4,051		
Products transferred at a point in time	 	20,059		 	21,133		 	39,219		 	41,276		
Total Portal & Advertising	 	$	21,261		 	$	23,097		 	$	41,927		 	$	45,327		
Total Revenue	 	$	31,849		 	$	35,923		 	$	63,673		 	$	68,838		

Revenue disaggregated by geography, based on the billing address of our customer, consists of the following (in thousands):

																	
 	 	Three Months Ended
June 30,	 	Six Months Ended
June 30,	
 	 	2019	 	2018	 	2019	 	2018	
Revenue	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
United States	 	$	26,974		 	$	29,354		 	$	53,248		 	$	56,392		
International	 	4,875		 	6,569		 	10,425		 	12,446		
Total revenue	 	$	31,849		 	$	35,923		 	$	63,673		 	$	68,838		

Remaining Performance Obligations
Deferred revenue is recorded when cash payments are received or due in advance of revenue recognition from software licenses, professional services, and maintenance agreements. The timing of revenue recognition may differ from the timing of billings to customers. The changes in deferred revenue, inclusive of both current and long-term, are as follows (in thousands):

				
(in thousands)	 	
Beginning balance - January 1, 2019	$	8,886		
Recognition of deferred revenue	(5,888	)	
Deferral of revenue	6,416		
Effect of foreign currency translation	(335	)	
Ending balance - June 30, 2019	$	9,079		

The majority of the deferred revenue balance above relates to the maintenance and support contracts for the Company's email software licenses. These are recognized straight-line over the life of the contract, with the majority of the balance being recognized within the next twelve months .
Practical Expedients
The Company generally expenses sales commissions when incurred because the amortization period would have been one year or less. These costs are recorded within sales and marketing expenses.
The Company does not disclose the value of unsatisfied performance obligations for (i) contracts with an original expected length of one year or less and (ii) contracts for which revenue is recognized at the amount to which the Company has the right to invoice for services performed.
		
3 .	Leases	
The Company enters into various noncancelable operating lease agreements for certain of our offices, data centers, colocations and network equipment. The Company’s leases have original lease periods expiring between 2019 and 2024 . Many

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leases include one or more options to renew. The Company does not assume renewals in its determination of the lease term unless the renewals are deemed to be reasonably assured at lease commencement. The Company’s variable lease payments are immaterial and its lease agreements do not contain any material residual value guarantees or material restrictive covenants. Operating lease costs are included in cost of revenue and general and administrative costs in the Company’s condensed consolidated statements of operations. Finance amortization lease costs are included in depreciation and amortization, and finance lease interest costs are included in interest expense in the Company’s condensed consolidated statements of operations.
The components of lease costs, lease term and discount rate are as follows (lease cost in thousands):

									
 	 	Three Months Ended
June 30, 2019	 	Six Months Ended
June 30, 2019	
Finance lease cost	 	 	 	 	
Amortization of right-of-use assets	 	$	958		 	$	1,586		
Interest	 	211		 	400		
Operating lease cost	 	1,129		 	2,219		
Total lease cost	 	$	2,298		 	$	4,205		
 	 	 	 	 	
Weighted Average Remaining Lease Term	 	 	 	 	
Operating leases	 	2.2		Years	
Finance leases	 	1.1		Years	
 	 	 	 	 	
Weighted Average Discount Rate	 	 	 	 	
Operating leases	 	6.0		%	
Finance leases	 	5.9		%	

The following is a schedule, by years, of maturities of lease liabilities as of June 30, 2019 (in thousands):

									
 	 	Operating Leases	 	Finance Leases	
The remainder of 2019	 	$	1,785		 	$	2,181		
2020	 	2,286		 	2,283		
2021	 	1,605		 	107		
2022	 	944		 	—		
2023	 	448		 	—		
2024	 	36		 	—		
Total undiscounted cash flows	 	$	7,104		 	$	4,571		
Less imputed interest	 	(585	)	 	(533	)	
Present value of lease liabilities	 	$	6,519		 	$	4,038		

As of June 30, 2019, the Company has entered into a finance lease that will commence in the third quarter of 2019 with future lease payments of $1.1 million , with a noncancelable lease term of 3 years. This lease is not reflected in the table above.
As previously disclosed in the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2018 and under Accounting Standard Codification Topic 840, the predecessor to Topic 842, the following is a summary of annual future minimum lease and rental commitments under noncancelable operating leases as of  December 31, 2018 (in thousands):

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Year Ending December 31,	 	Operating Lease
Commitments	
2019	 	$	5,276		
2020	 	3,101		
2021	 	1,594		
2022	 	782		
2023	 	250		
2024	 	33		
Total lease commitments	 	$	11,036		

Supplemental cash flow information related to leases are as follows (in thousands):

					
 	 	Six Months Ended
June 30, 2019	
Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities:	 	 	
Operating cash flows from operating leases	 	$	2,324		
Operating cash flows from financing leases	 	$	400		
Financing cash flows from finance leases	 	$	1,586		
 	 	 	
Lease liabilities arising from obtaining right-of-use-assets:	 	 	
Operating leases	 	$	64		
Finance leases	 	$	1,925		

4 .	Goodwill and Intangible Assets	
As described in Note 1 - The Company and Summary of Significant Accounting Principles, the Company changed its reportable segments during the first quarter of 2019 . Goodwill was assigned to the new reportable segments on the relative fair value basis.
The changes in the carrying amount of Goodwill for the six months ended June 30, 2019 are as follows (in thousands):

												
 	Software & Services	 	Portal & Advertising	 	Total	
December 31, 2018	$	11,318		 	$	4,623		 	$	15,941		
Effect of foreign currency translation	6		 	—		 	6		
June 30, 2019	$	11,324		 	$	4,623		 	$	15,947		

As described in Note 1 - The Company and Summary of Significant Accounting Principles, there were no goodwill impairment losses recorded during the three and six months ending June 30, 2019 . The Company has no accumulated impairment losses.
Intangible assets consisted of the following (in thousands):

								
 	June 30, 2019	 	December 31, 2018	
Customer and publisher relationships	$	14,780		 	$	14,780		
Technology	2,330		 	2,330		
Trademark	300		 	300		
Intangible assets, gross	17,410		 	17,410		
Less accumulated amortization	(7,928	)	 	(6,857	)	
Intangible assets, net	$	9,482		 	$	10,553		

Amortization of intangible assets totaled $0.5 million for the three months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018 , and $1.1 million for the six months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018 .  Based on acquired intangible assets recorded at June 30, 2019 ,

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amortization is expected to be $1.1 million for the remainder of 2019 , $2.0 million in 2020 , $1.4 million in 2021 , $1.3 million in 2022 , and $1.3 million in 2023 .

5 .	Property and Equipment – Net	
Property and equipment, net consisted of the following (in thousands):

								
 	June 30, 2019	 	December 31, 2018	
Computer equipment	$	29,419		 	$	27,294		
Computer software	32,918		 	27,422		
Furniture and fixtures	1,623		 	1,618		
Leasehold improvements	1,247		 	1,256		
Work in process (primarily software development costs)	839		 	4,584		
Other	179		 	179		
Property and equipment, gross	66,225		 	62,353		
Less accumulated depreciation	(47,841	)	 	(43,646	)	
Property and equipment, net	$	18,384		 	$	18,707		

Depreciation expense totaled $2.5 million and $1.9 million for the three months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018 , respectively. Depreciation expense totaled $4.4 million and $3.8 million for the six months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018 , respectively.
Property and equipment includes computer equipment and software held under finance leases of $10.3 million and $8.4 million as of June 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018 , respectively. Accumulated depreciation of computer equipment and software held under finance leases amounted to $6.5 million as of June 30, 2019 . Accumulated depreciation of computer equipment and software held under capital leases amounted to $5.0 million as of December 31, 2018 , respectively.
For the three months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018 , the Company capitalized a total of $0.8 million and $1.1 million of costs that occurred during the application development phase, related to the development of internal-use software. The Company capitalized a total of $0.4 million and $0.5 million of costs related to the development of software for sale or license for the months three ended June 30, 2019 and 2018 that occurred after technological feasibility had been achieved.
For the six months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018 , the Company capitalized a total of $1.5 million and $1.9 million of costs that occurred during the application development phase, related to the development of internal-use software. The Company capitalized a total of $0.7 million and $0.8 million of costs related to the development of software for sale or license for the six months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018 that occurred after technological feasibility had been achieved.
Amortization of software capitalized for internal use was $1.0 million for the three months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018 , and $2.1 million for the six months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018 , respectively, and included in depreciation and amortization in the consolidated statement of operations. Amortization of software for sale or license was $0.4 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2019 and was not material for the three and six months ended June 30, 2018 .
There were no impairment charges related to software, previously capitalized for internal use, for the three months ended June 30, 2019 . Impairment charges related to the six months ended June 30, 2019 were $0.2 million and were included in general and administrative expense in the consolidated statement of operations. There were no impairment charges during the three and six months ended June 30, 2018 . The impairment charges are a result of circumstances that indicated that the carrying values of the assets were not fully recoverable. The Company utilizes the discounted cash flow method to determine the fair value of the capitalized software assets. 
The following table sets forth long-lived tangible assets by geographic area (in thousands):

								
 	June 30, 2019	 	December 31, 2018	
Long-lived tangible assets:	 	 	 	
United States	$	17,948		 	$	18,217		
International	436		 	490		
Total long-lived tangible assets	$	18,384		 	$	18,707		

6.	Accrued Expenses and Other Current Liabilities	

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Accrued expenses and other current liabilities consisted of the following (in thousands): 

								
 	June 30, 2019	 	December 31, 2018	
Accrued compensation	$	3,925		 	$	5,801		
Accrued content fees and other costs of revenue	343		 	342		
Accrued taxes	225		 	206		
Other	1,337		 	1,500		
Total	$	5,830		 	$	7,849		

Included in accrued compensation are accrued severance costs. In 2018 , the Company initiated a cost reduction program to drive overall efficiency while adding capacity and streamlining the organization. These actions resulted in workforce reductions, office consolidations and consolidating operations. The below table summarizes the activity in the accrued severance account (in thousands).

				
 	June 30, 2019	
Balance at January 1, 2019	$	274		
Charged to expense	—		
Cash payments	(208	)	
Balance at June 30, 2019	$	66		

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7 .	Segment Information	
During the first quarter of 2019 , the Company made changes to its segment reporting structure that resulted in two  reportable segments: 1 ) Software & Services and 2 ) Portal & Advertising. All historical amounts have been restated to reflect this change in reportable segments. Software & Services generates revenue by providing cloud-based identity management solutions and email/collaboration products. Portal & Advertising generates managed portal fees and advertising revenue from its traffic on its Managed Portals and other advertising solutions it provides for publishers.
The Company’s operations are organized and managed by type of products and services and segment information is reported accordingly. The Company’s chief operating decision maker (the “CODM”) is its Chief Executive Officer. The CODM reviews financial performance and allocates resources by reportable segment. There have been no operating segments aggregated to arrive at the Company’s reportable segments.
The accounting policies of each segment are the same as those described in the summary of significant accounting policies, refer to Note 1— Summary of Significant Accounting Policies, for further details. The Company evaluates the performance of its segments and allocates resources to them based on Segment Adjusted EBITDA. Segment Adjusted EBITDA is defined as EBITDA (earnings before interest, income taxes, depreciation and amortization) adjusted for certain non-cash items and other non-recurring income and expenses.
Revenue for all operating segments include only transactions with unaffiliated customers and there is no intersegment revenue.
The Company does not account for, and does not report to management, its assets or capital expenditures by segment other than goodwill and intangible assets used for impairment analysis purposes.
The tables below summarize the financial information for the Company’s reportable segments for the  three and six  months ended  June 30, 2019 and  2018 (in thousands). The “Corporate Unallocated Expenses” category, as it relates to Segment Adjusted EBITDA, primarily includes corporate overhead costs, such as rent, payroll and related benefit costs and professional services which are not directly attributable to any individual segment.

																									
 	 	Three Months Ended
June 30, 2019	 	Six Months Ended
June 30, 2019	
 	 	Revenue	 	Cost of revenue (1)	 	Segment Adjusted
EBITDA	 	Revenue	 	Cost of revenue (1)	 	Segment Adjusted
EBITDA	
Software & Services	 	$	10,588		 	$	3,234		 	$	2,794		 	$	21,746		 	$	6,737		 	$	5,588		
Portal & Advertising	 	21,261		 	13,918		 	2,534		 	41,927		 	26,921		 	5,155		
Corporate Unallocated Expenses	 	—		 	—		 	(3,713	)	 	—		 	—		 	(7,424	)	
Total Company	 	$	31,849		 	$	17,152		 	$	1,615		 	$	63,673		 	$	33,658		 	$	3,319		

																									
 	Three Months Ended
June 30, 2018	 	Six Months Ended
June 30, 2018	
 	 	Revenue	 	Cost of revenue (1)	 	Segment Adjusted
EBITDA	 	Revenue	 	Cost of revenue (1)	 	Segment Adjusted
EBITDA	
Software & Services	 	$	12,826		 	$	3,149		 	$	4,393		 	$	23,511		 	$	6,257		 	$	6,890		
Portal & Advertising	 	23,097		 	15,357		 	964		 	45,327		 	27,784		 	4,012		
Corporate Unallocated Expenses	 	—		 	—		 	(4,178	)	 	—		 	—		 	(9,112	)	
Total Company	 	$	35,923		 	$	18,506		 	$	1,179		 	$	68,838		 	$	34,041		 	$	1,790		
Notes:
( 1 ) Exclusive of depreciation and amortization shown separately on the condensed consolidated statements of operations
The following table reconciles total Segment Adjusted EBITDA to Net loss:

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 	Three Months Ended
June 30,	 	Six Months Ended
June 30,	
 	 	2019	 	2018	 	2019	 	2018	
 	(in thousands)	
Total Segment Adjusted EBITDA	 	$	1,615		 	$	1,179		 	$	3,319		 	$	1,790		
Less:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Provision for income taxes	 	(273	)	 	(293	)	 	(550	)	 	(313	)	
Interest expense	 	(55	)	 	(88	)	 	(119	)	 	(185	)	
Other (expense) income, net	 	(207	)	 	(133	)	 	9		 	(14	)	
Depreciation and amortization	 	(2,986	)	 	(2,444	)	 	(5,473	)	 	(4,879	)	
Capitalized software impairment	 	—		 	—		 	(226	)	 	—		
Stock-based compensation expense	 	(324	)	 	(537	)	 	(655	)	 	(1,090	)	
Restructuring costs	 	—		 	(268	)	 	—		 	(268	)	
Certain legal expenses *	 	(257	)	 	—		 	(523	)	 	—		
Certain professional services fees**	 	—		 	—		 	(513	)	 	—		
Net loss	 	$	(2,487	)	 	$	(2,584	)	 	$	(4,731	)	 	$	(4,959	)	
		
*	"Certain legal expenses" include legal fees and other related expenses outside the ordinary course of business.	
		
**	“Certain professional services fees” includes fees and expenses related to merger and acquisition activities.	
		
8 .	Commitments and Contingencies	
Contract Commitments —

The Company is obligated to make minimum payments under various contracts with vendors and other business partners, principally for revenue-share and content arrangements. Contract commitments as of June 30, 2019 are as follows (in thousands):

				
Year ending December 31,	 	
2019 (remaining six months)	450		
2020	753		
Total	$	1,203		

Litigation —
The Company and its Chief Executive Officer and former Chief Financial Officer were named as defendants in a federal securities class action lawsuit filed on April 4, 2018 in the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York. The class includes persons who purchased the Company’s shares between May 4, 2016 and March 15, 2018. The plaintiff alleged that the Company made materially false and misleading statements regarding its contract with AT&T and the timing of revenue to be derived therefrom, and that as a result, class members suffered losses because Synacor shares traded at artificially inflated prices. The plaintiff sought an unspecified amount of damages, as well as interest, attorneys’ fees and legal expenses. The court appointed a lead plaintiff and approved plaintiff’s selection of lead counsel on July 6, 2018. On October 16, 2018 the court appointed new lead counsel and confirmed the lead plaintiff. The plaintiff filed an amended complaint on November 2, 2018 and the Company filed a motion to dismiss on December 17, 2018. The plaintiff filed its opposition to the Motion to Dismiss on January 19, 2019 and the Company filed its reply to plaintiff’s opposition on February 15, 2019. The Company disputes these claims and intends to defend them vigorously. The Company cannot yet determine whether it is probable that a loss will be incurred in connection with this complaint, nor can the Company reasonably estimate the potential loss, if any. Legal fees and liabilities related to this lawsuit are covered by D&O insurance after the Company reaches its deductible.
In addition, the Company is, from time to time, party to litigation arising in the ordinary course of business. It does not believe that the outcome of these claims will have a material adverse effect on its consolidated financial position, results of operations or cash flows based on the status of proceedings at this time. However, these matters are subject to inherent uncertainties and the Company’s view of these matters may change in the future.

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9 .	Stock-based Compensation	
The Company has stock-based employee compensation plans for which compensation cost is recognized in its financial statements. The cost is measured at the grant date, based on the fair value of the award, determined using the Black-Scholes option pricing model, and is recognized as an expense over the employee’s requisite service period (generally the vesting period of the equity award).
The following table presents the weighted-average assumptions used to estimate the fair value of options granted during the periods indicated:

									
 	 	Six Months Ended
June 30, 2019	 	Six Months Ended
June 30, 2018	
Weighted average grant date fair value	 	$	1.00		 	$	0.98		
Expected dividend yield	 	—	%	 	—	%	
Expected stock price volatility	 	66	%	 	48	%	
Risk-free interest rate	 	2.3	%	 	2.7	%	
Expected life of options (in years)	 	6.09		 	6.25		

Total stock-based compensation expense included in the accompanying condensed consolidated statements of operations for the periods presented, is as follows (in thousands):

																	
 	 	Three Months Ended
June 30,	 	Six Months Ended
June 30,	
 	 	2019	 	2018	 	2019	 	2018	
Technology and development	 	$	92		 	$	134		 	$	195		 	$	268		
Sales and marketing	 	111		 	126		 	226		 	264		
General and administrative	 	121		 	277		 	234		 	558		
Total stock-based compensation expense	 	$	324		 	$	537		 	$	655		 	$	1,090		

Stock Option Activity – A summary of the stock option activity for the six months ended June 30, 2019 is presented below:

														
 	 	Number of
Shares	 	Weighted
Average
Exercise
Price	 	Weighted
Average
Remaining
Contractual
Term (years)	 	Aggregate
Intrinsic
Value (in
thousands)	
Outstanding at January 1, 2019	 	7,669,093		 	$	2.51		 	 	 	 	
Granted	 	379,800		 	1.64		 	 	 	 	
Exercised	 	(26,527	)	 	1.48		 	 	 	 	
Forfeited	 	(96,000	)	 	2.19		 	 	 	 	
Expired	 	(240,981	)	 	2.52		 	 	 	 	
Outstanding at June 30, 2019	 	7,685,385		 	$	2.47		 	6.10	 	$	54		
Vested and expected to vest at June 30, 2019	 	7,598,746		 	$	2.48		 	6.07	 	$	54		
Vested and exercisable at June 30, 2019	 	5,891,864		 	$	2.53		 	5.36	 	$	47		

Aggregate intrinsic value represents the difference between the Company’s closing stock price of its common stock and the exercise price of outstanding, in-the-money options. The Company’s closing stock price as reported on the Nasdaq Global Market as of June 30, 2019 was $1.56 per share. The total intrinsic value of options exercised for the three and six months ended June 30, 2019 was minimal. The weighted average fair value of options granted during the six months ended June 30, 2019 amounted to $1.00 per option share.
As of June 30, 2019 , the unrecognized compensation cost related to options granted, for which vesting is probable, and adjusted for estimated forfeitures, was approximately $2.0 million . This cost is expected to be recognized over a weighted-average remaining period of 2.4 years .

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RSU Activity  —A summary of RSU activity for the six months ended June 30, 2019 is as follows:

								
 	 	Number of Shares	 	Weighted Average
Fair Value	
Unvested—January 1, 2019	 	11,346		 	$	3.60		
Granted	 	383,500		 	1.76		
Released	 	(10,938	)	 	3.62		
Forfeited	 	(2,000	)	 	1.76		
Unvested June 30, 2019	 	381,908		 	$	1.76		
Unvested expected to vest-June 30, 2019	 	381,918		 	$	1.76		

As of June 30, 2019 , total unrecognized compensation cost, adjusted for estimated forfeitures, related to RSUs was $0.5 million . This cost is expected to be recognized over a weighted-average remaining period of 2.7 years .

10.	Net Loss Per Common Share Data	
Basic net loss per share is computed using the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding during the period. Diluted net loss per share is computed using the weighted-average number of common shares and, if dilutive, potential common shares outstanding during the period. The Company’s potential common shares consist of the incremental common shares issuable upon the exercise of stock options, warrants, and to a lesser extent, shares issuable upon the release of RSUs. The dilutive effect of these potential common shares is reflected in diluted earnings per share by application of the treasury stock method.
The following securities were excluded from the calculation of diluted net loss per share because their effect would have been anti-dilutive for the periods presented:

													
 	 	Three Months Ended
June 30,	 	Six Months Ended
June 30,	
 	 	2019	 	2018	 	2019	 	2018	
Anti-dilutive equity awards:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Stock options	 	7,547,855		 	8,741,361		 	7,588,267		 	8,741,361		
Restricted stock units	 	388,169		 	34,607		 	262,561		 	34,607		
Warrants	 	—		 	600,000		 	—		 	600,000		

11.	Subsequent Event	
On August 7, 2019, the Company entered into a new Loan and Security Agreement, the "Agreement", with Silicon Valley Bank, or the "Lender". The Lender agreed to provide a $12.0 million secured revolving line of credit, the “credit facility”. The credit facility is available for cash borrowings, subject to a Borrowing Base formula based upon eligible accounts receivable. The maturity of the Agreement is two years from the date of the Agreement. Any borrowings under the Agreement bear interest, based on an interest rate dependent on cash liquidity for the relevant period. Cash liquidity is defined as cash plus (a) the lesser of (i) the Revolving Line or (ii) the amount available under the Borrowing Base minus (b) the outstanding principal balance of any Advances. If cash liquidity is greater than $20.0 million then the interest rate is the greater of the "prime rate” as published in The Wall Street Journal (WSJ) for the relevant period plus 0.50% or 5.50% . If cash liquidity is less than $20.0 million then the interest rate is the greater of WSJ prime rate plus 1.00% or 6.00% . The Agreement maintains certain reporting requirements, conditions, and covenants. The financial covenants include that the Company must maintain a Minimum Liquidity Coverage greater than or equal to 2.25 :1.00. Additionally, when cash liquidity falls below $20.0 million , the Agreement includes certain trailing six month Free Cash Flow requirements, tested on a quarterly basis. Free Cash Flow is to be defined as (a) Adjusted EBITDA, minus (b) capital expenditures determined in accordance with GAAP, minus (c) capitalized software expenses, determined in accordance with GAAP, and minus (d) cash taxes, determined in accordance with GAAP.

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ITEM 2. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q contains “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. In addition, we may make other written and oral communications from time to time that contain such statements. Forward-looking statements include statements as to industry trends and future expectations of ours and other matters that do not relate strictly to historical facts. These statements are often identified by the use of words such as “may,” “expect,” “believe,” “anticipate,” “intend,” “could,” “estimate,” or “continue,” and similar expressions or variations. These statements are based on the beliefs and assumptions of our management based on information currently available to management. Such forward-looking statements are subject to risks, uncertainties and other factors that could cause actual results and the timing of certain events to differ materially from future results expressed or implied by such forward-looking statements. These forward-looking statements include statements in this Item 2, “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.” Factors that could cause or contribute to such differences include, but are not limited to, those in our other Securities and Exchange Commission filings, including our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2018. Furthermore, such forward-looking statements speak only as of the date of this report. We undertake no obligation to update any forward-looking statements to reflect events or circumstances after the date of such statements.
The following discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations should be read in conjunction with the condensed consolidated financial statements and related notes thereto appearing elsewhere in this Form 10-Q and with the consolidated financial statements and notes thereto and management’s discussion and analysis of financial condition and results of operations appearing in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2018 .
Overview
Business Overview
Synacor is a digital technology company that provides email and collaboration software, cloud-based identity management platforms, managed web and mobile portals, and advertising solutions. Our customers include communications providers, media companies, government entities and enterprises. We are their trusted partner for enterprise software platforms and monetization solutions that we deliver through public and private cloud software-as-a-service, software licensing, and professional services. Our platforms enable our clients to deepen engagement with their consumers and users.
During the first quarter of 2019, we made changes to our reporting structure that resulted in two reportable segments: Software & Services and Portal & Advertising. A summary of the major products and services of our reportable segments follows:
Software & Services:
Synacor’s software and services segment is comprised of our cloud-based identity management platform and our Zimbra email & collaboration platform.
Cloud-based Identity Management
Our Cloud ID platform provides secure, scalable authentication and authorization that enables consumers to easily unlock access to content and services. It enables single sign-on access to services such as OTT video, TV Everywhere streaming, email, web access customer account information, and other consumer and enterprise apps. Cloud ID is delivered as a platform-as-a-service through public and private cloud infrastructure.  
Email / Collaboration
Synacor delivers an open and extensible email & collaboration platform used by service providers, regulated entities (government & financial institutions), enterprises, and small and medium sized businesses around the world. Branded as Zimbra, our open-standards-based email collaboration platform powers hundreds of millions of mailboxes globally through our network of over 500 Business Service Providers, more than 2,000 Value Added Resellers and about 4,000 licensed customers. Zimbra is delivered as software-as-a-service through public and private cloud infrastructure, and as licensed software.  
Portal & Advertising:

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Synacor’s managed portal network and publisher-focused advertising platform reaches over 200 million monthly unique visitors. These solutions enable our customers to earn incremental revenue by monetizing media from their consumers across all popular devices.
Managed Portals
Our managed portal network consists of white-labeled browser start pages and iOS/Android start apps that serve as daily destinations for consumers. Powered by our media and programming library which includes news, entertainment, and short and long form video, these products increase consumer engagement and generate advertising revenue. They also provide consumers with self-management capabilities for email and messaging, bill paying and other account management activities.
Syndicated Advertising
Synacor’s syndicated advertising platform works with hundreds of publishers to deliver brand-safe monetization that leverages scale, premium brands and programmatic technology across desktop and mobile. We help publishers dynamically target different audiences by matching relevant content to the right users across multiple devices. Publishers also leverage our demand facilitation services to connect premium advertisers and brands with their target audiences on brand-safe sites.
Results of Operations
The following tables set forth our results of operations for the periods presented in amount (in thousands) and as a percentage of revenue for those periods. The period to period comparison of financial results is not necessarily indicative of future results.

																	
 	Three Months Ended
June 30,	 	Six Months Ended
June 30,	
 	 	2019	 	2018	 	2019	 	2018	
Revenue	 	$	31,849		 	$	35,923		 	$	63,673		 	$	68,838		
Cost of revenue (1)	 	17,152		 	18,506		 	33,658		 	34,041		
Technology and development (1) (2)	 	4,577		 	5,819		 	9,123		 	12,188		
Sales and marketing (2)	 	5,550		 	6,904		 	11,541		 	12,840		
General and administrative (1) (2)	 	3,955		 	4,320		 	8,420		 	9,337		
Depreciation and amortization	 	2,567		 	2,444		 	5,002		 	4,879		
Total costs and operating expenses	 	33,801		 	37,993		 	67,744		 	73,285		
Loss from operations		(1,952	)		(2,070	)	 	(4,071	)	 	(4,447	)	
Other (expense) income, net	 	(207	)	 	(133	)	 	9		 	(14	)	
Interest expense	 	(55	)	 	(88	)	 	(119	)	 	(185	)	
Loss before income taxes	 	(2,214	)	 	(2,291	)	 	(4,181	)	 	(4,646	)	
Provision for income taxes		273			293		 	550		 	313		
Net loss	 	$	(2,487	)	 	$	(2,584	)	 	$	(4,731	)	 	$	(4,959	)	
Notes:
(1) Exclusive of depreciation and amortization shown separately
(2) Includes stock-based compensation, as follows:

																	
 	 	Three Months Ended
June 30,	 	Six Months Ended
June 30,	
 	 	2019	 	2018	 	2019	 	2018	
Technology and development	 	$	92		 	$	134		 	$	195		 	$	268		
Sales and marketing	 	111		 	126		 	226		 	264		
General and administrative	 	121		 	277		 	234		 	558		
Total stock-based compensation expense	 	$	324		 	$	537		 	$	655		 	$	1,090		

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 	 	Three Months Ended
June 30,	 	Six Months Ended
June 30,	
 	 	2019	 	2018	 	2019	 	2018	
Revenue	 	100	 %	 	100	 %	 	100	 %	 	100	 %	
Cost of revenue (1)	 	53.9		 	51.5		 	52.9		 	49.5		
Technology and development (1) (2)	 	14.4		 	16.2		 	14.3		 	17.7		
Sales and marketing (2)	 	17.4		 	19.2		 	18.1		 	18.7		
General and administrative (1) (2)	 	12.4		 	12.0		 	13.2		 	13.6		
Depreciation and amortization	 	8.1		 	6.8		 	7.9		 	7.1		
Total costs and operating expenses	 	106.2		 	105.7		 	106.4		 	106.6		
Loss from operations		(6.1	)		(5.8	)	 	(6.4	)	 	(6.5	)	
Other (expense) income, net	 	(0.6	)	 	(0.4	)	 	—		 	—		
Interest expense	 	(0.2	)	 	(0.2	)	 	(0.2	)	 	(0.3	)	
Loss before income taxes	 	(7.0	)	 	(6.4	)	 	(6.6	)	 	(6.7	)	
Provision for income taxes		0.9			0.8		 	0.9		 	0.5		
Net loss	 	(7.9	)%	 	(7.2	)%	 	(7.5	)%	 	(7.2	)%	
Notes:
(1) Exclusive of depreciation and amortization shown separately
(2) Includes stock-based compensation, as follows:

Comparison of the three and six months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018 :
Revenue decreased by $4.1 million or 11% for the three months ended June 30, 2019 as compared to the same period in 2018 , attributable to an overall decline of $ 2.2 million in Software & Services revenue and a decline of $1.8 million in Portal & Advertising revenue . Revenue decreased by $5.2 million or 8% for the six months ended June 30, 2019 as compared to the same period in 2018 , attributable to an overall decline of $1.8 million in Software & Services revenue and a decline of $3.4 million in Portal & Advertising revenue.
Cost of revenue decreased $1.4 million, or 7% , for the three months ended June 30, 2019 as compared to the same period in the prior year. The decrease in cost was primarily due to lower revenue which was offset by higher royalty costs and unfavorable mix. Cost of revenue decreased $0.4 million or 1% for the six months ended June 30, 2019 as compared to the same period in the prior year. The decrease in cost was primarily due to lower revenue which was offset by unfavorable mix, a one-time adjustment to advertising operations costs and higher royalty costs.
Technology and development expenses decreased by $1.2 million, or 21% , in the three months ended June 30, 2019 as compared to 2018 , primarily as a result of lower compensation expenses. Technology and development expenses decreased by $3.1 million, or 25% , in the six months ended June 30, 2019 as compared to 2018 , primarily due to lower compensation expense of $2.9 million and lower professional service fees of $0.2 million.
Sales and marketing expenses decreased by $1.4 million, or 20% , in the three months ended June 30, 2019 as compared to 2018 , primarily the result of lower compensation expenses of $1.1 million and lower travel expenses of $0.2 million. Sales and marketing expenses decreased by $1.3 million, or 10% , in the six months ended June 30, 2019 as compared to 2018 , primarily the result of lower compensation expenses of $0.7 million, lower professional services fees of $0.2 million and lower travel expenses of $0.4 million.
General and administrative expenses decreased by $0.4 million, or 8% , for the three months ended June 30, 2019 as compared to the same period in 2018 due to lower professional service fees of $0.7 million, which was partially offset by higher facilities costs of $0.1 million and increased computer software costs of $0.1 million. General and administrative expenses decreased by $0.9 million, or 10% , for the six months ended June 30, 2019 as compared to the same period in 2018 due to lower professional service fees of $1.0 million and lower compensation expenses of $0.5 million. The declines were offset by software impairment costs of $0.2 million and higher computer software costs of $0.2 million.  
Depreciation and amortization remained relatively flat for the three and six months ended June 30, 2019 as compared to the same periods in 2018 . 

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Other (expense) income, net consists of interest income and foreign currency transaction gains and losses related to our international operations. The increase of expense of $0.1 million for the three months ended June 30, 2019 compared to the same period in 2018 was due to unrealized foreign currency transaction loss in the second quarter of 2019. This was offset by unrealized foreign currency transaction gain of the same amount in the first quarter of 2019, almost completely offsetting expense for the six months ended June 30, 2019 . The same trend occurred in the six months ended June 30, 2018 .
Interest expense consists of interest on finance leases. Interest expense decreased for the three months and for the six months ended June 30, 2019 over the same periods in 2018 primarily due to lower interest incurred on finance leases. 
Provision for income taxes of $0.3 million for the three months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018 and $0.6 million and $0.3 million for the six months ended June 30, 2019 and June 30, 2018 respectively, is comprised primarily of current foreign income tax expense, including foreign withholding taxes, offset by deferred income tax benefit.
Segment Results of Operations
During the first quarter of 2019, we made changes to our segment reporting structure that resulted in two reportable segments: 1) Software & Services and 2) Portal & Advertising. Previously we concluded we had one reportable segment. All historical amounts have been restated to reflect this change.
Following are Revenue, Segment Adjusted EBITDA (in thousands) and Segment Adjusted EBITDA Margin by reportable segment for the three and six months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018 . Segment Adjusted EBITDA is defined as EBITDA (earnings before interest, income taxes, depreciation and amortization) adjusted for certain non-cash items and other non-recurring income and expenses. Total Segment Adjusted EBITDA is equal to Adjusted EBITDA, which is a metric that is not presented in accordance with U.S. GAAP. Refer to “Adjusted EBITDA” below for a definition of Adjusted EBITDA and a reconciliation to net loss, the most directly comparable U.S. GAAP measure. Segment Adjusted EBITDA is the primary performance measure used by our senior management, the chief operating decision-maker and the board of directors to evaluate operating results and allocate capital resources among segments. Segment Adjusted EBITDA Margin is defined as Segment Adjusted EBITDA as a percent of Segment Revenue.

																	
 	 	Three Months Ended
June 30,	 	Six Months Ended
June 30,	
 	 	2019	 	2018	 	2019	 	2018	
Revenue:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Software & Services	 	$	10,588		 	$	12,826		 	$	21,746		 	$	23,511		
Portal & Advertising	 	21,261		 	23,097		 	41,927		 	45,327		
Total Revenue	 	$	31,849		 	$	35,923		 	$	63,673		 	$	68,838		
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Segment Adjusted EBITDA:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Software & Services	 	$	2,794		 	$	4,393		 	$	5,588		 	$	6,890		
Portal & Advertising	 	2,534		 	964		 	5,155		 	4,012		
Corporate Unallocated Expense	 	(3,713	)	 	(4,178	)	 	(7,424	)	 	(9,112	)	
Total Segment Adjusted EBITDA	 	$	1,615		 	$	1,179		 	$	3,319		 	$	1,790		
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Segment Adjusted EBITDA Margin:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Software & Services	 	26.4	%	 	34.3	%	 	25.7	%	 	29.3	%	
Portal & Advertising	 	11.9	%	 	4.2	%	 	12.3	%	 	8.9	%	
Total Segment Adjusted EBITDA Margin	 	5.1	%	 	3.3	%	 	5.2	%	 	2.6	%	
Software & Services
Revenue in the second quarter of 2019 decreased by $2.2 million or 17% when compared to the second quarter of 2018 . Recurring revenue (revenue recognized over time), decreased $0.7 million. This was primarily driven by a $0.4 million decrease in revenue related to a discontinued video product line. Non-recurring revenue (revenue recognized at a point in time), decreased $1.6 million when compared with the same three -month period in 2018 . This was primarily due $1.0 million of non-recurring service revenue recognized in the second quarter of 2018 and lower professional services revenue.

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Revenue in the first half of 2019 decreased by $1.8 million or 8% when compared to the first half of 2018. Recurring revenue (revenue recognized over time) decreased $0.6 million, primarily due to the discontinued video product line. Non-recurring revenue (revenue recognized at a point in time) decreased $1.2 million. This was primarily due to the $1.0 million of non-recurring service revenue recognized in the second quarter of 2018 and lower professional services revenue.
Segment Adjusted EBITDA in the second quarter of 2019 decreased by $1.6 million to $2.8 million compared to the second quarter of 2018 . The decrease was primarily due to lower revenue, higher royalty fees and unfavorable mix which were only partially offset by lower operating expenses. As a result, the Segment Adjusted EBITDA Margin decreased to 26.4% compared to 34.3% in the second quarter of 2018. Segment Adjusted EBITDA in the first half of 2019 decreased by $1.3 million to $5.6 million or 19% compared to the first half of 2018 . The decrease was primarily due to lower revenue, higher royalty fees and unfavorable mix which were only partially offset by lower operating expenses. As a result, the Segment Adjusted EBITDA Margin decreased to 25.7% compared to 29.3% in the first half of 2018 .
Portal & Advertising
Revenue in the second quarter of 2019 decreased by $1.8 million or 8% , when compared to the second quarter of 2018 . Recurring revenue was down $0.8 million primarily due to lower portal fees and the expected, continual decline in premium service fees. Non-recurring revenue was down $1.1 million primarily due to lower portal and advertising revenue that was partially offset by growth in publisher based advertising. The same trends continued for the first half of 2019 when compared to the same period in 2018. Revenue decreased by $3.4 million or 8% . Recurring revenue was down $1.3 million and non-recurring revenue was down $2.1 million.
Segment Adjusted EBITDA in the second quarter of 2019 increased by $1.6 million to $2.5 million compared to the second quarter of 2018 . The increase was primarily due to lower operating expenses and improved advertising margins which more than offset the lower revenue. As a result, the Segment Adjusted EBITDA Margin increased to 11.9% compared to 4.2% in the second quarter of 2018 . Segment Adjusted EBITDA in the first half of 2019 increased by $1.1 million to $5.2 million compared to the first half of 2018 . The increase was due to lower operating expenses and improved advertising margins which more than offset the lower revenue and some one-time advertising operations costs. As a result, the Segment Adjusted EBITDA Margin increased to 12.3% compared to 8.9% in the first half of 2018. 
Corporate Unallocated Expense
Corporate Unallocated Expense primarily includes corporate overhead costs, such as rent, payroll and related benefit costs and professional services which are not directly attributable to any individual segment. Corporate Unallocated Expense decreased in the second quarter of 2019 by $0.5 million or 11% compared to the second quarter of 2018 . The decrease in expense is primarily a result of lower professional service fees. Corporate Unallocated Expense decreased in the first half of 2019 by $1.7 million or 19% compared to the second quarter of 2018 . The decrease in Corporate Unallocated expense is primarily a result of lower professional service fees of $1.0 million and lower compensation costs of $0.5 million.
Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates
Our discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations is based upon our condensed consolidated financial statements, which have been prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP. The preparation of these condensed consolidated financial statements requires us to make estimates, judgments and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenue and expenses, and the related disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities. We base our estimates on historical experience and on various other assumptions that we believe are reasonable under the circumstances. Our estimates form the basis for our judgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. Actual results may differ from these estimates.
An accounting policy is considered to be critical if it requires an accounting estimate to be made based on assumptions about matters that are highly uncertain at the time the estimate is made, and if different estimates that reasonably could have been used, or changes in the accounting estimate that are reasonably likely to occur, could materially impact the condensed consolidated financial statements. We believe that our critical accounting policies reflect the more significant estimates and assumptions used in the preparation of the condensed consolidated financial statements.
For a discussion of our critical accounting policies and estimates, see “Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates” included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2018 under the caption “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.” We have updated our Leases policy in conjunction with the adoption of ASC 842, and our Goodwill and Segments Policy upon the change of reporting structure effective in the

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first quarter of 2019 that resulted in two reporting units, as further described in Note 1 – The Company and Summary of Significant Accounting Principles to the accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements.
Adjusted EBITDA
To provide investors with additional information regarding our financial results, we have disclosed within this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q adjusted EBITDA, a non-U.S. GAAP financial measure. We define adjusted EBITDA as net income (loss) plus: provision (benefit) for income taxes, interest expense, other (income) expense, depreciation and amortization, asset impairments, stock-based compensation, restructuring costs, and certain other one-time items. We have provided a reconciliation below of adjusted EBITDA to net income (loss), the most directly comparable U.S. GAAP financial measure.
We have included adjusted EBITDA in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q because it is a key measure used by our management and board of directors to understand and evaluate our core operating performance and trends, to prepare and approve our annual budget and to develop short and long-term operational plans. In particular, the exclusion of certain expenses in calculating adjusted EBITDA can provide a useful measure for period-to-period comparisons of our core business. Additionally, adjusted EBITDA is a key financial measure used by the compensation committee of our board of directors in connection with the payment of bonuses to our executive officers. Accordingly, we believe that adjusted EBITDA provides useful information to investors and others in understanding and evaluating our operating results in the same manner as our management and board of directors.
Our use of adjusted EBITDA has limitations as an analytical tool, and should not be considered in isolation or as a substitute for analysis of our results as reported under U.S. GAAP. Some of these limitations are:
		
•	although depreciation and amortization and asset impairments are non-cash charges, the assets being depreciated, amortized or impaired may have to be replaced in the future, and adjusted EBITDA does not reflect capital expenditure requirements for such replacements or for new capital expenditure requirements;	
		
•	adjusted EBITDA does not reflect changes in, or cash requirements for, our working capital needs;	
		
•	adjusted EBITDA does not consider the potentially dilutive impact of equity-based compensation;	
		
•	adjusted EBITDA does not reflect the impact of tax payments that may represent a reduction in cash available to us;	
		
•	adjusted EBITDA does not reflect the impact of principal or interest payments required to service our finance leases or long-term debt borrowings (if any);	
		
•	adjusted EBITDA does not reflect the impact of the cost of business acquisitions on the cash available to us;	
		
•	adjusted EBITDA does not reflect the impact of non-recurring items, such as the costs associated with reductions in workforce on the cash available to us: and	
		
•	other companies, including companies in our industry, may calculate adjusted EBITDA differently, which reduces its usefulness as a comparative measure.	
Because of these limitations, adjusted EBITDA should be considered alongside other financial performance measures, including various cash flow metrics, net (loss) income and our other U.S. GAAP results. The following table presents a reconciliation of adjusted EBITDA to net (loss) income for each of the periods indicated:

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 	 	Three Months Ended
June 30,	 	Six Months Ended
June 30,	
 	 	2019	 	2018	 	2019	 	2018	
Reconciliation of Adjusted EBITDA:	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Net loss	 	$	(2,487	)	 	$	(2,584	)	 	$	(4,731	)	 	$	(4,959	)	
Provision for income taxes	 	273		 	293		 	550		 	313		
Interest expense	 	55		 	88		 	119		 	185		
Other expense (income), net	 	207		 	133		 	(9	)	 	14		
Depreciation and amortization	 	2,986		 	2,444		 	5,473		 	4,879		
Capitalized software impairment	 	—		 	—		 	226		 	—		
Stock-based compensation expense	 	324		 	537		 	655		 	1,090		
Restructuring costs	 	—		 	268		 	—		 	268		
Certain legal expenses *	 	257		 	—		 	523		 	—		
Certain professional services fees**	 	—		 	—		 	513		 	—		
Adjusted EBITDA	 	$	1,615		 	$	1,179		 	$	3,319		 	$	1,790		
		
*	"Certain legal expenses" include legal fees and other related expenses outside the ordinary course of business.	
		
**	“Certain professional services fees” includes fees and expenses related to merger and acquisition activities.	
Liquidity and Capital Resources
Our primary liquidity and capital resource requirements are for financing working capital, investing in capital expenditures such as computer hardware and software, supporting research and development efforts, introducing new technology, enhancing existing technology, and marketing our services and products to new and existing customers.
To the extent that existing cash and cash equivalents, cash from operations, cash from short-term borrowings, and cash from the exercise of stock options are insufficient to fund our future activities, we may need to raise additional funds through public or private equity offerings or debt financings.
In September 2013, we entered into a Loan and Security Agreement with Silicon Valley Bank, or the Lender, which was amended in February 2019 (as amended, the “Loan Agreement”) that extended the maturity date to July 22, 2019. The Loan Agreement provides for a $12.0 million secured revolving line of credit. The credit facility is available for cash borrowings, subject to a formula based upon eligible accounts receivable. As of June 30, 2019 , we had no outstanding borrowings under the Loan Agreement, and we had $11.3 million of availability based upon the borrowing formula under the Loan Agreement.
Any borrowings under the Loan Agreement bear interest, at our election, at an annual rate based on either the “prime rate” as published in The Wall Street Journal or LIBOR for the relevant period.  If our liquidity coverage ratio (the ratio of cash plus eligible accounts receivable to borrowings under the Agreement) exceeds 2.75 to 1, LIBOR-based advances bear interest at LIBOR plus 3.5% and prime rate advances bear interest at the prime rate plus 1.0%.  If our liquidity coverage ratio falls below 2.75 to 1, LIBOR-based advances bear interest at LIBOR plus 4.0% and prime rate advances bear interest at the prime rate plus 1.5%.  For LIBOR advances, interest is payable (i) on the last day of a LIBOR interest period or (ii) on the last day of each calendar quarter. For prime rate advances, interest is payable (a) on the first day of each month and (b) on each date a prime rate advance is converted into a LIBOR advance.
Our obligations to the Lender are secured by a first priority security interest in all our assets, including our intellectual property. The Loan Agreement contains customary events of default, including non-payment of principal or interest, violations of covenants, material adverse changes, cross-default, bankruptcy and material judgments. Upon the occurrence of an event of default, the Lender may accelerate repayment of any outstanding balance. The Loan Agreement also contains certain financial covenants and other agreements that are customary in loan agreements of this type, including restrictions on paying dividends and making distributions to our stockholders. As of June 30, 2019 , we were in compliance with the covenants.
On August 7, 2019, we entered into a new Loan and Security Agreement, the "Agreement", with Silicon Valley Bank, or the "Lender". The Lender has agreed to provide a $12.0 million secured revolving line of credit, the “credit facility”. The credit facility is available for cash borrowings, subject to a Borrowing Base formula based upon eligible accounts receivable. The maturity of the Agreement is two years from the date of the Agreement. Any borrowings under the Agreement bear

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interest, based on an interest rate dependent on cash liquidity for the relevant period. Cash liquidity is defined as cash plus (a) the lesser of (i) the Revolving Line or (ii) the amount available under the Borrowing Base minus (b) the outstanding principal balance of any Advances. If cash liquidity is greater than $20.0 million then the interest rate is the greater of the "prime rate” as published in The Wall Street Journal (WSJ) for the relevant period plus 0.50% or 5.50%. If cash liquidity is less than $20.0 million then the interest rate is the greater of WSJ prime rate plus 1.00% or 6.00%. The Agreement maintains certain reporting requirements, conditions, and covenants. The financial covenants include that we must maintain a Minimum Liquidity Coverage greater than or equal to 2.25:1.00. Additionally, when cash liquidity falls below $20.0 million, the Agreement includes certain trailing six month Free Cash Flow requirements, tested on a quarterly basis. Free Cash Flow is to be defined as (a) Adjusted EBITDA, minus (b) capital expenditures determined in accordance with GAAP, minus (c) capitalized software expenses, determined in accordance with GAAP, and minus (d) cash taxes, determined in accordance with GAAP.
As of June 30, 2019 , we had approximately $13.4 million of cash and cash equivalents. We believe that our existing cash and cash equivalents, along with cash flows from operations and availability under our revolving credit line, will be sufficient to meet our anticipated working capital, interest payments, finance and operating lease payment obligations, and capital expenditure requirements for at least the next 12 months.
Cash Flows
Statement of Cash Flows Data

									
 	 	Six Months Ended June 30,	
 	 	2019	 	2018	
 	 	(in thousands)	
Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities	 	$	1,512		 	$	(2,581	)	
Net cash used in investing activities	 	$	(2,444	)	 	$	(3,978	)	
Net cash used in financing activities	 	$	(1,551	)	 	$	(776	)	
Net Cash Provided by (used in) Operating Activities
During the six months ended June 30, 2019 , net cash provided by operating activities of $1.5 million was primarily driven by a net loss of $4.7 million and a slight decrease in working capital and other net assets of $0.2 million which were offset by $6.4 million of non-cash charges including depreciation, amortization, and stock-based compensation expense.

During the six months ended June 30, 2018, net cash used in operating activities of $2.6 million was primarily driven by a net loss of $5.0 million and an increase in working capital and other net assets of $3.5 million which were only partially offset by $5.9 million of non-cash charges including depreciation, amortization, and stock-based compensation expense.
Net Cash Used in Investing Activities
Net cash used in investing activities totaled $2.4 million in the six months ended June 30, 2019 , as compared to $4.0 million in the comparable 2018 period. Cash payments were primarily for the development of software.
Net Cash Used in Financing Activities
Net cash used in financing activities for the six months ended June 30, 2019 of $1.6 million consisted of principal payments on finance lease obligations offset by an insignificant amount of proceeds from the exercise of stock options.

Net cash used in financing activities for the six months ended June 30, 2018 of $0.8 million consisted of $0.9 million of payments on capital lease obligations less $0.1 million of proceeds from exercise of stock options.
Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements
As of June 30, 2019 , we did not have any off-balance sheet arrangements other than disclosed in Note 8 - Commitments and Contingencies, as defined in Item 303(a) (4)(ii) of Regulation S-K promulgated by the SEC, that have or are reasonably likely to have a current or future effect on our financial condition, changes in our financial condition, revenue, or expenses, results of operations, liquidity, capital expenditures, or capital resources that is material to investors.

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ITEM 3. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK
We have operations both within the United States and internationally, and we are exposed to market risks in the ordinary course of our business. These primarily include interest rate, inflation, and foreign currency exchange risk.
Interest Rate Risk
Our cash and cash equivalents primarily consist of cash and money market funds. We currently have no investments of any type. Our exposure to market risk for changes in interest rates is limited because nearly all of our cash and cash equivalents have a short-term maturity and are used primarily for working capital purposes.
Funds borrowed under the Agreement entered into August 7, 2019 bear interest, based on an interest rate dependent on cash liquidity for the relevant period. Cash liquidity is defined as cash plus (a) the lesser of (i) the Revolving Line or (ii) the amount available under the Borrowing Base minus (b) the outstanding principal balance of any Advances. If cash liquidity is greater than $20.0 million then the interest rate is the greater of the "prime rate” as published in The Wall Street Journal (WSJ) for the relevant period plus 0.50% or 5.50%. If cash liquidity is less than $20.0 million then the interest rate is the greater of WSJ prime rate plus 1.00% or 6.00%. This arrangement subjects us to interest rate risk. A 10% increase or decrease in these interest rates would not have a significant impact on our interest expense. Refer to Note 11 – Subsequent Events for additional information about the Agreement.
Inflation Risk
We do not believe that inflation has had a material effect on our business, financial condition or results of operations. If our costs were to become subject to significant inflationary pressures, we may not be able to fully offset such higher costs through price increases. Our inability or failure to do so could harm our business, financial condition and results of operations.
Foreign Currency Exchange Risks
We are also subject to foreign currency exchange risk relating to our operations in Canada, Europe, India, Japan and Singapore. Our expenses at these locations are denominated in the local currencies and our results of operations are influenced by changes in the exchange rates between the U.S. Dollar and these local currencies, principally the Canadian Dollar, Euro, British Pound Sterling, Rupee, Yen, and Singapore Dollar. In addition, certain of our accounts receivable are denominated in currencies other than the U.S. Dollar, principally the Euro, British Pound Sterling and Japanese Yen. A 10% increase or decrease in the applicable currency exchange rates could result in an increase or decrease in our currency exchange (loss) gain of approximately $0.2 million, calculated based on our foreign currency denominated accounts receivable as of June 30, 2019 .
We have in the past, and we may in the future, enter into contracts to minimize the foreign currency exchange risk with respect to significant foreign currency denominated accounts receivable balances.
We continue to evaluate our various foreign currency exchange rate exposures and may take additional steps to mitigate these exposures.
ITEM 4. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES
Our management, with the participation of our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, evaluated the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures as of June 30, 2019. The term “disclosure controls and procedures,” as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”) means controls and other procedures of a company that are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by a company in the reports that it files or submits under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms. Disclosure controls and procedures include, without limitation, controls and procedures designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by a company in the reports that it files or submits under the Exchange Act is accumulated and communicated to the company’s management, including its principal executive and principal financial officers, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.
Based on our management’s evaluation, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that, as of June 30, 2019, our disclosure controls and procedures were not effective because of certain material weaknesses in our internal controls over financial reporting, as further described in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for our fiscal year ended December 31, 2018.  

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Notwithstanding these material weaknesses, we have concluded that the condensed consolidated financial statements included in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q present fairly, in all material respects, our financial position and results of operations and cash flows for the periods presented.
Management recognizes that any controls and procedures, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable assurance of achieving their objectives and management necessarily applies its judgment in evaluating the cost-benefit relationship of possible controls and procedures.
Remediation Efforts to Address the Material Weaknesses
Management is committed to the remediation of the material weaknesses. While the identified material weaknesses were not remediated as of June 30, 2019, we have taken steps to remediate them and will continue to do so until their remediation is complete. While we have completed measures as of the date of this report, we have not tested all of the planned corrective processes, enhancements, procedures and related evaluations that we believe are necessary to determine whether the material weaknesses have been fully remediated as of June 30, 2019. We believe the corrective actions and controls need to be in operation for a sufficient period of time for management to conclude that the material weaknesses related to: (i) ineffective control activities due to the lack of timeliness and consistency in executing business process controls, and (ii) ineffective monitoring controls to ascertain whether the components of internal control were present and functioning are fully remediated.
As we continue to evaluate and work to remediate the control deficiencies that gave rise to the material weaknesses, we may determine that additional measures or time are required to address the control deficiencies or that we need to modify or otherwise adjust the planned remediation measures. We will continue to assess the effectiveness of our remediation efforts in connection with our evaluation of our internal control over financial reporting.
Accordingly, we will continue to monitor the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting.  We have and will continue to perform additional procedures prescribed by management, including the use of manual mitigating control procedures and employing any additional tools and resources deemed necessary, to ensure that our consolidated financial statements are fairly stated in all material respects. We continue to prioritize remediation efforts and are committed to confirming that any new or enhanced processes and controls that were put in place as part of the remediation are fully operational and consistently applied for a sufficient period of time in order to provide us with adequate assurance of a sustainable and reliable control environment.
Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting
There were no other changes in our internal control over financial reporting identified in management’s evaluation pursuant to Rules 13a-15(d) or 15d-15(d) of the Exchange Act during the quarter ended June 30, 2019 that materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

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PART II — OTHER INFORMATION
ITEM 1. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS
We and our Chief Executive Officer and former Chief Financial Officer were named as defendants in a federal securities class action lawsuit filed April 4, 2018 in the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York. The class includes persons who purchased Synacor’s shares between May 4, 2016 and March 15, 2018. The plaintiff alleged that Synacor made materially false and misleading statements regarding its contract with AT&T and the timing of revenue to be derived therefrom, and that as a result, class members suffered losses because Synacor shares traded at artificially inflated prices. The plaintiff sought an unspecified amount of damages, as well as interest, attorneys’ fees and legal expenses. The court appointed a lead plaintiff and approved plaintiff’s selection of lead counsel on July 6, 2018. On October 16, 2018 the court appointed new lead counsel and confirmed the lead plaintiff. The plaintiff filed an amended complaint on November 2, 2018, and we filed a motion to dismiss on December 17, 2018. The plaintiff filed its opposition to the Motion to Dismiss on January 19, 2019 and we filed its reply to plaintiff’s opposition on February 15, 2019. We dispute these claims and intend to defend them vigorously. Legal fees and liabilities related to this lawsuit are covered by D&O insurance after we reach our deductible.
In addition, we are, from time to time, party to litigation arising in the ordinary course of our business. We do not believe that the outcome of these claims will have a material adverse effect on our consolidated financial position, results of operations or cash flows based on the status of proceedings at this time. However, regardless of the outcome, such proceedings can have an adverse impact on us because of defense and settlement costs, diversion of resources and other factors.
ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS
The information set forth in this report should be read in conjunction with the risks discussed in “Part I, Item 1A. Risk Factors” in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2018 (the “Form 10-K”). These risks and uncertainties have the potential to materially affect our business, financial condition, results of operation, cash flows, and future prospects. Additional risks and uncertainties not currently known to us or that we currently deem immaterial may materially adversely impact our business, financial condition, or operating results.
Risks Related to Our Business
A loss of any significant Managed Portals and Advertising customer could negatively affect our financial performance.
We derive a substantial portion of our revenue from our partnership with AT&T. In May 2016 we entered into a Portal and Advertising Services Agreement (as amended, the “AT&T Agreement”) with AT&T that would automatically renew at the end of the initial term on March 28, 2019 unless AT&T were to provide a notice of non-renewal at least 180 days prior to that date. On August 24, 2018, AT&T delivered notice to us to prevent automatic renewal of the AT&T Agreement.  On July 11, 2019, the Company announced plans to begin discussions with AT&T regarding a wind-down and user-migration plan as it has been notified that AT&T intends to select another provider of portal services for its ATT.net consumer experience. These discussions are currently under way and, per the terms of the contract, the wind-down and migration plan needs to be mutually agreed upon. When wind-down activities are completed, or if revenue from the AT&T relationship were to decline due to competitive or other reasons, our results of operations and financial position would be adversely affected. The impact of this is reflected in the Company's updated guidance for 2019 issued on August 7, 2019.
Except for the legal proceedings and updated risk factor described above, we believe there have been no material changes from the risk factors previously disclosed in the Form 10-K.
ITEM 2. UNREGISTERED SALES OF EQUITY SECURITIES AND USE OF PROCEEDS
Not applicable.
ITEM 3. DEFAULTS UPON SENIOR SECURITIES
Not applicable.
ITEM 4. MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES
Not applicable.
ITEM 5. OTHER INFORMATION
Not applicable.

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ITEM 6. EXHIBITS
EXHIBIT INDEX

			
Exhibit
No.	 	Exhibit	
 	 	 	
31.1	 	Certifications of the Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.	
 	 	 	
31.2	 	Certifications of the Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.	
 	 	 	
32.1	 	Certifications of the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.	
 	 	 	
101.INS	 	XBRL Instance Document*	
 	 	 	
101.SCH	 	XBRL Taxonomy Schema Linkbase Document*	
 	 	 	
101.CAL	 	XBRL Taxonomy Calculation Linkbase Document*	
 	 	 	
101.DEF	 	XBRL Taxonomy Definition Linkbase Document*	
 	 	 	
101.LAB	 	XBRL Taxonomy Labels Linkbase Document*	
 	 	 	
101.PRE	 	XBRL Taxonomy Presentation Linkbase Document*	
* Submitted electronically with this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.

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SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

			
 	SYNACOR, INC.	
 	(Registrant)	
 	 	 	
Date: August 9, 2019	By:	/s/ Himesh Bhise	
 	 	Himesh Bhise	
 	 	President and Chief Executive Officer	
 	 	(Principal Executive Officer)	
 	 	 	
Date: August 9, 2019	By:	/s/ Timothy J. Heasley	
 	 	Timothy J. Heasley	
 	 	Chief Financial Officer and Secretary	
 	 	(Principal Financial and Accounting Officer)	

33

Exhibit 31.1
Certifications
I, Himesh Bhise, certify that:
1.    I have reviewed this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q of Synacor, Inc.;
		
2.	Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;	
		
3.	Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;	
		
4.	The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:	
		
(a)	Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;	
		
(b)	Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;	
		
(c)	Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and	
		
(d)	Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and	
		
5.	The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):	
		
(a)	All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and	
		
(b)	Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.	

		
Date: August 9, 2019	 	
 	 	
/s/ Himesh Bhise	 	
Chief Executive Officer	 	

Exhibit 31.2
Certifications
I, Timothy J. Heasley, certify that:
		
1.	I have reviewed this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q of Synacor, Inc.;	
		
2.	Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;	
		
3.	Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;	
		
4.	The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:	
		
(a)	Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;	
		
(b)	Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;	
		
(c)	Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and	
		
(d)	Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and	
		
5.	The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):	
		
(a)	All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and	
		
(b)	Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.	

		
Date: August 9, 2019	 	
 	 	
/s/ Timothy J. Heasley	 	
Chief Financial Officer	 	

Exhibit 32.1
CERTIFICATION OF CHIEF EXECUTIVE OFFICER AND CHIEF FINANCIAL OFFICER
PURSUANT TO 18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350,
AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO SECTION 906
OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002
I, Himesh Bhise, certify pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that the Quarterly Report of Synacor, Inc. on Form 10-Q for the quarterly period ended June 30, 2019 fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 and that the information contained in such Form 10-Q fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of Synacor, Inc.

		
August 9, 2019	/s/ Himesh Bhise	
 	Himesh Bhise	
 	President and Chief Executive Officer	
 	(Principal Executive Officer)	
I, Timothy J. Heasley, certify pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that the Quarterly Report of Synacor, Inc. on Form 10-Q for the quarterly period ended June 30, 2019 fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 and that the information contained in such Form 10-Q fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of Synacor, Inc.

		
August 9, 2019	/s/ Timothy J. Heasley	
 	Timothy J. Heasley	
 	Chief Financial Officer	
 	(Principal Financial and Accounting Officer)	
A signed original of this written statement required by Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 has been provided to Synacor, Inc. and will be retained by Synacor, Inc. and furnished to the Securities and Exchange Commission or its staff upon request. This certification “accompanies” the Form 10-Q to which it relates, is not deemed filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission and is not to be incorporated by reference into any filing of the Company under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (whether made before or after the date of the Form 10-Q), irrespective of any general incorporation language contained in such filing.