Audit Information |
12 Months Ended |
|---|---|
Dec. 31, 2022 | |
| Auditor [Abstract] | |
| Auditor Firm ID | 42 |
| Auditor Name | Ernst & Young LLP |
| Auditor Location | San Mateo, California |
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS (Parenthetical) - $ / shares |
Dec. 31, 2022 |
Dec. 31, 2021 |
|---|---|---|
| Stockholders' equity: | ||
| Common stock, par value (in dollars per share) | $ 0.000006 | $ 0.000006 |
| Class A | ||
| Stockholders' equity: | ||
| Common stock, par value (in dollars per share) | $ 0.000006 | |
| Common stock, shares authorized (in shares) | 5,000,000,000 | 5,000,000,000 |
| Common stock, shares, issued (in shares) | 2,247,000,000 | 2,328,000,000 |
| Common stock, shares, outstanding (in shares) | 2,247,000,000 | 2,328,000,000 |
| Class B | ||
| Stockholders' equity: | ||
| Common stock, par value (in dollars per share) | $ 0.000006 | |
| Common stock, shares authorized (in shares) | 4,141,000,000 | 4,141,000,000 |
| Common stock, shares, issued (in shares) | 367,000,000 | 413,000,000 |
| Common stock, shares, outstanding (in shares) | 367,000,000 | 413,000,000 |
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME - USD ($) $ in Millions |
12 Months Ended | ||
|---|---|---|---|
Dec. 31, 2022 |
Dec. 31, 2021 |
Dec. 31, 2020 |
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| Statement of Comprehensive Income [Abstract] | |||
| Net income | $ 23,200 | $ 39,370 | $ 29,146 |
| Other comprehensive income (loss): | |||
| Change in foreign currency translation adjustment, net of tax | (1,184) | (1,116) | 1,056 |
| Change in unrealized gain (loss) on available-for-sale investments and other, net of tax | (1,653) | (504) | 360 |
| Comprehensive income | $ 20,363 | $ 37,750 | $ 30,562 |
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies |
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Dec. 31, 2022 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Accounting Policies [Abstract] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Summary of Significant Accounting Policies | Summary of Significant Accounting Policies Organization and Description of Business We were incorporated in Delaware in July 2004. Our mission is to give people the power to build community and bring the world closer together. All of our products, including our apps, share the vision of helping to bring the metaverse to life. We report our financial results based on two reportable segments: Family of Apps (FoA) and Reality Labs (RL). The segment information aligns with how the chief operating decision maker (CODM), who is our Chief Executive Officer (CEO), reviews and manages the business. We generate substantially all of our revenue from advertising. Basis of Presentation We prepared the consolidated financial statements in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP). The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Meta Platforms, Inc., its subsidiaries where we have controlling financial interests, and any variable interest entities for which we are deemed to be the primary beneficiary. All intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated. Use of Estimates Preparation of consolidated financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires the use of estimates and judgments that affect the reported amounts in the consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes. These estimates form the basis for judgments we make about the carrying values of our assets and liabilities, which are not readily apparent from other sources. We base our estimates and judgments on historical information and on various other assumptions that we believe are reasonable under the circumstances. GAAP requires us to make estimates and judgments in several areas, including, but not limited to, those related to revenue recognition, valuation of non-marketable equity securities, income taxes, loss contingencies, including the ultimate resolution of litigation, regulatory matters, and asserted and unasserted claims, valuation of long-lived assets including goodwill, intangible assets, and property and equipment, and their associated estimated useful lives, credit losses of available-for-sale (AFS) debt securities and accounts receivable, fair value of financial instruments, and fair value of leases. These estimates are based on management's knowledge about current events, interpretation of regulations, and expectations about actions we may undertake in the future. Actual results could differ materially from those estimates. In connection with our periodic reviews of the estimated useful lives of property and equipment, we extended the estimated average useful lives of a majority of the servers and network assets from four years to 4.5 years, effective the second quarter of 2022, and further extended the useful lives to five years effective the fourth quarter of 2022. The changes in estimated useful lives were due to expected longer refresh cycles in our data centers. The financial impact of the changes was a reduction in depreciation expense of $860 million and an increase in net income of $693 million, or $0.26 per diluted share for the year ended December 31, 2022. The impact from the changes in our estimates was calculated based on the servers and network assets existing as of the effective dates of the changes and applying the revised estimated useful lives prospectively. Revenue Recognition Revenue is recognized when control of the promised goods or services is transferred to our customers, in an amount that reflects the consideration we expect to be entitled to in exchange for those goods or services. We determine revenue recognition by applying the following steps: •identification of the contract, or contracts, with a customer; •identification of the performance obligations in the contract; •determination of the transaction price; •allocation of the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract; and •recognition of revenue when, or as, we satisfy a performance obligation. We expense sales commissions when incurred if the amortization period is one year or less. These costs are recorded within marketing and sales on our consolidated statements of income. We do not disclose the value of unsatisfied performance obligations for (i) contracts with an original expected length of one year or less and (ii) contracts for which we recognize revenue at the amount to which we have the right to invoice for services performed. Revenue excludes sales and usage‑based taxes where it has been determined that we are acting as a pass‑through agent. Advertising Advertising revenue is generated by displaying ad products on Facebook, Instagram, Messenger, and third-party mobile applications. Marketers pay for ad products either directly or through their relationships with advertising agencies or resellers, based on the number of impressions delivered or the number of actions, such as clicks, taken by our users. We recognize revenue from the display of impression-based ads in the contracted period in which the impressions are delivered. Impressions are considered delivered when an ad is displayed to users. We recognize revenue from the delivery of action-based ads in the period in which a user takes the action the marketer contracted for. In general, we report advertising revenue on a gross basis, since we control the advertising inventory before it is transferred to our customers. Our control is evidenced by our sole ability to monetize the advertising inventory before it is transferred to our customers. For revenue generated from arrangements that involve third-party publishers, we evaluate whether we are the principal or the agent, and for those advertising revenue arrangements where we are the agent, we recognize revenue on a net basis. We may accept lower consideration than the amount promised per the contract for certain revenue transactions and certain customers may receive cash-based incentives, credits, or refunds, which are accounted for as variable consideration when estimating the amount of revenue to recognize. We estimate these amounts and reduce revenue based on the amounts expected to be provided to customers. We believe that there will not be significant changes to our estimates of variable consideration. Reality Labs Revenue RL revenue is generated from the delivery of consumer hardware products, such as Meta Quest, wearables, and related software and content. Revenue is recognized at the time control of the products is transferred to customers, which is generally at the time of delivery, in an amount that reflects the consideration RL expects to be entitled to in exchange for the products. Other Revenue Other revenue consists of net fees we receive from developers using our Payments infrastructure and revenue from WhatsApp Business Platform and various other sources. Cost of Revenue Our cost of revenue consists mostly of expenses associated with the delivery and distribution of our products. These include expenses related to the operation of our data centers and technical infrastructure, such as depreciation expense from servers, network infrastructure and buildings, as well as payroll and related expenses which include share-based compensation for employees on our operations teams, and energy and bandwidth costs. Cost of revenue also includes costs associated with partner arrangements, including traffic acquisition costs and credit card and other fees related to processing customer transactions, and content costs. Additionally, cost of revenue includes RL inventory costs, which consist of cost of products sold and estimated losses on non-cancelable contractual commitments. Content Costs Our content costs are mostly related to payments to content providers from whom we license video and music to increase engagement on the platform. For licensed video, we expense the cost per title when the title is accepted and available for viewing if the capitalization criteria are not met. Video content costs that meet the criteria for capitalization were not material to date. For licensed music, we expense the license fees over the contractual license period. Expensed content costs are included in cost of revenue on the consolidated statements of income. Software Development Costs Software development costs, including costs to develop software products or the software component of products to be marketed or sold to external users, are expensed before the software or technology reach technological feasibility, which is typically reached shortly before the release of such products. Software development costs also include costs to develop software to be used solely to meet internal needs and applications used to deliver our services. These software development costs meet the criteria for capitalization once the preliminary project stage is complete and it is probable that the project will be completed and the software will be used to perform the function intended. Development costs that meet the criteria for capitalization were not material to date. Share-based Compensation Share-based compensation expense consists of the company's restricted stock units (RSUs) expense. RSUs granted to employees are measured based on the grant-date fair value. In general, our RSUs vest over a service period of four years. Share-based compensation expense is generally recognized based on the straight-line basis over the requisite service period. We account for forfeitures as they occur. Income Taxes We are subject to income taxes in the United States and numerous foreign jurisdictions. Significant judgment is required in determining our provision for income taxes and income tax assets and liabilities, including evaluating uncertainties in the application of accounting principles and complex tax laws. We record a provision for income taxes for the anticipated tax consequences of the reported results of operations using the asset and liability method. Under this method, we recognize deferred income tax assets and liabilities for the expected future consequences of temporary differences between the financial reporting and tax bases of assets and liabilities, as well as for loss and tax credit carryforwards. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using the tax rates that are expected to apply to taxable income for the years in which those tax assets and liabilities are expected to be realized or settled. We recognize the deferred income tax effects of a change in tax rates in the period of the enactment. We record a valuation allowance to reduce our deferred tax assets to the net amount that we believe is more likely than not to be realized. We consider all available evidence, both positive and negative, including historical levels of income, expectations and risks associated with estimates of future taxable income and ongoing tax planning strategies in assessing the need for a valuation allowance. We recognize tax benefits from uncertain tax positions only if we believe that it is more likely than not that the tax position will be sustained on examination by the taxing authorities based on the technical merits of the position. These uncertain tax positions include our estimates for transfer pricing that have been developed based upon analyses of appropriate arms-length prices. Similarly, our estimates related to uncertain tax positions concerning research tax credits are based on an assessment of whether our available documentation corroborating the nature of our activities supporting the tax credits will be sufficient. Although we believe that we have adequately reserved for our uncertain tax positions (including net interest and penalties), we can provide no assurance that the final tax outcome of these matters will not be materially different. We make adjustments to these reserves in accordance with the income tax accounting guidance when facts and circumstances change, such as the closing of a tax audit or the refinement of an estimate. To the extent that the final tax outcome of these matters is different from the amounts recorded, such differences will affect the provision for income taxes in the period in which such determination is made, and could have a material impact on our financial condition and operating results. Advertising Expense Advertising costs are expensed when incurred and are included in marketing and sales expenses on the consolidated statements of income. We incurred advertising expenses of $2.65 billion, $2.99 billion, and $2.26 billion for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021, and 2020, respectively. Cash and Cash Equivalents, Marketable Securities, and Restricted Cash Cash and cash equivalents consist of cash on deposit with banks and highly liquid investments with maturities of 90 days or less from the date of purchase. We hold investments in marketable securities, consisting mostly of U.S. government securities, U.S. government agency securities, and investment grade corporate debt securities. We classify our marketable securities as available-for-sale (AFS) investments in our current assets because they represent investments of cash available for current operations. Our AFS investments are carried at estimated fair value with any unrealized gains and losses, net of taxes, included in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) in stockholders' equity. AFS debt securities with an amortized cost basis in excess of estimated fair value are assessed to determine what amount of that difference, if any, is caused by expected credit losses. Allowance for credit losses on AFS debt securities are recognized as a charge in interest and other income (expense), net on our consolidated statements of income, and any remaining unrealized losses, net of taxes, are included in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) in stockholders' equity. The amounts of credit losses recorded for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021, and 2020 were not material. We determine realized gains or losses on sale of marketable securities on a specific identification method and include such gains or losses in interest and other income (expense), net on the consolidated statements of income. We classify certain restricted cash balances, consisting mostly of cash related to insurance policies, and retention and indemnification holdback for our acquisitions, within prepaid expenses and other current assets and other assets on the consolidated balance sheets based upon the expected duration of the restrictions. Non-marketable Equity Securities Our non-marketable equity securities are investments in privately-held companies without readily determinable fair values. We elected to account for substantially all of our non-marketable equity securities using the measurement alternative, which is cost, less any impairment, adjusted for changes in fair value resulting from observable transactions for identical or similar investments of the same issuer as of the respective transaction dates. The change in carrying value, if any, is recognized in interest and other income (expense), net on our consolidated statements of income. We periodically review our non-marketable equity securities for impairment. When indicators exist and the estimated fair value of an investment is below the carrying amount, we write down the investment to fair value. During the year ended December 31, 2022, losses resulted from such remeasurements were $447 million. Gains and losses recorded in the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020 were immaterial. For additional information, see Note 6 — Non-marketable Equity Securities. In addition, we also held other non-marketable equity securities accounted for under the equity method which were immaterial as of December 31, 2022 and 2021. Fair Value Measurements We apply fair value accounting for all financial assets and liabilities and non-financial assets and liabilities that are recognized or disclosed at fair value in the financial statements on a recurring basis. We define fair value as the price that would be received from selling an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. When determining the fair value measurements for assets and liabilities, which are required to be recorded at fair value, we consider the principal or most advantageous market in which we would transact and the market-based risk measurements or assumptions that market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability, such as risks inherent in valuation techniques, transfer restrictions and credit risk. Fair value is estimated by applying the following hierarchy, which prioritizes the inputs used to measure fair value into three levels and bases the categorization within the hierarchy upon the lowest level of input that is available and significant to the fair value measurement: Level 1- Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities. Level 2- Observable inputs other than quoted prices in active markets for identical assets and liabilities, quoted prices for identical or similar assets or liabilities in inactive markets, or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data for substantially the full term of the assets or liabilities. Level 3- Inputs that are generally unobservable and typically reflect management's estimate of assumptions that market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability. Our cash equivalents and marketable debt securities are classified within Level 1 or Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy because their fair value is derived from quoted market prices or alternative pricing sources and models utilizing observable market inputs. Our marketable equity securities are publicly traded stocks measured at fair value and classified within Level 1 in the fair value hierarchy because we use quoted prices for identical assets in active markets to estimate their fair value. Certain other assets are classified within Level 3 because factors used to develop the estimated fair value are unobservable inputs that are not supported by market activity. Our non-marketable equity securities accounted for using the measurement alternative are recorded at fair value on a non-recurring basis. When indicators of impairment exist or observable price changes of qualified transactions occur, the respective non-marketable equity security would be classified within Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy because the valuation methods include a combination of the observable transaction price at the transaction date and other unobservable inputs including volatility, rights, and obligations of the securities we hold. Accounts Receivable and Allowances Accounts receivable are recorded and carried at the original invoiced amount less an allowance for any potential uncollectible amounts. We make estimates of expected credit and collectibility trends for the allowance for credit losses and allowance for unbilled receivables based upon our assessment of various factors, including historical experience, the age of the accounts receivable balances, credit quality of our customers, current economic conditions, reasonable and supportable forecasts of future economic conditions, and other factors that may affect our ability to collect from customers. Expected credit losses are recorded as general and administrative expenses on our consolidated statements of income. As of December 31, 2022 and 2021, the allowances for accounts receivable were immaterial. Property and Equipment Property and equipment, which includes amounts recorded under finance leases, which are amortized, are stated at cost less accumulated depreciation. Depreciation is computed using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the assets or the remaining lease term, whichever is shorter. The estimated useful lives of property and equipment and amortization periods of finance lease right-of-use assets are described below:
We evaluate at least annually the recoverability of property and equipment for possible impairment whenever events or circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of such assets may not be recoverable. If such review indicates that the carrying amount of property and equipment assets is not recoverable, and the asset's fair value is less than the carrying amount, an impairment charge is recognized. During the year ended December 31, 2022, we recorded $1.34 billion of abandonment charges for data center construction in progress (CIP) assets under Accounting Standards Codification (ASC) Topic 360 related to our restructuring efforts. For additional information regarding our restructuring efforts, see Note 3 — Restructuring. The useful lives of our property and equipment are determined by management when those assets are initially recognized and are routinely reviewed for the remaining estimated useful lives. Our current estimate of useful lives represents the best estimate of the useful lives based on current facts and circumstances, but may differ from the actual useful lives due to changes to our business operations, changes in the planned use of assets, and technological advancements. When we change the estimated useful life assumption for any asset, the remaining carrying amount of the asset is accounted for prospectively and depreciated or amortized over the revised estimated useful life. See section "Use of Estimates" above for additional information regarding changes in the estimated useful lives of our servers and network assets. Servers and network assets include property and equipment mostly in our data centers, which is used to support production traffic. Land and assets held within construction in progress are not depreciated. Construction in progress is related to the construction or development of property and equipment that have not yet been placed in service for their intended use. The cost of maintenance and repairs is expensed as incurred. When assets are retired or otherwise disposed of, the cost and related accumulated depreciation are removed from their respective accounts, and any gain or loss on such sale or disposal is reflected in income from operations. Lease Obligations We have operating leases comprised of certain offices, data centers, colocations, land, network infrastructure, and other equipment. We also have finance leases for certain network infrastructure. We determine if an arrangement is a lease at inception. Most of our leases contain lease and non-lease components. Non-lease components include fixed payments for maintenance, utilities, real estate taxes, and management fees. We combine fixed lease and non-lease components and account for them as a single lease component. Our lease agreements may contain variable costs such as contingent rent escalations, common area maintenance, insurance, real estate taxes, or other costs. Such variable lease costs are expensed as incurred on the consolidated statements of income. For certain colocation and equipment leases, we apply a portfolio approach to effectively account for the operating lease right-of-use (ROU) assets and lease liabilities. For leases with a lease term greater than 12 months, ROU assets and lease liabilities are recognized on the consolidated balance sheets at the commencement date based on the present value of the remaining fixed lease payments and includes only payments that are fixed and determinable at the time of commencement. Our lease terms may include options to extend or terminate the lease when it is reasonably certain that we will exercise such options. When determining the probability of exercising such options, we consider contract-based, asset-based, entity-based, and market-based factors. As most of our leases do not provide an implicit rate, we use our incremental borrowing rate based on the information available at the commencement date in determining the present value of lease payments. Our incremental borrowing rate is a hypothetical rate based on our understanding of what our credit rating would be in a similar economic environment. Operating leases are included in operating lease ROU assets, operating lease liabilities, current, and operating lease liabilities, non-current on our consolidated balance sheets. Finance leases are included in property and equipment, net, accrued expenses and other current liabilities, and other liabilities on our consolidated balance sheets. Operating lease costs are recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease terms. Finance lease assets are amortized on a straight-line basis over the shorter of the estimated useful lives of the assets or the lease terms. During the year ended December 31, 2022, we recorded impairment losses of $2.22 billion in aggregate for operating lease ROU assets and leasehold improvements under ASC Topic 360 as a part of our facilities consolidation restructuring efforts. The fair values of the impaired assets were estimated using discounted cash flow models (income approach) based on market participant assumptions with Level 3 inputs. The assumptions used in estimating fair value include the expected downtime prior to the commencement of future subleases, projected sublease income over the remaining lease periods, and discount rates that reflect the level of risk associated with receiving future cash flows. For additional information regarding our restructuring efforts, see Note 3 — Restructuring. Loss Contingencies We are involved in legal proceedings, claims, and regulatory, tax or government inquiries and investigations that arise in the ordinary course of business. Certain of these matters include speculative claims for substantial or indeterminate amounts of damages. Additionally, we are required to comply with various legal and regulatory obligations around the world, and we regularly become subject to new laws and regulations in the jurisdictions in which we operate. The requirements for complying with these obligations may be uncertain and subject to interpretation and enforcement by regulatory and other authorities, and any failure to comply with such obligations could eventually lead to asserted legal or regulatory action. With respect to these matters, asserted and unasserted, we evaluate the associated developments on a regular basis and accrue a liability when we believe that it is both probable that a loss has been incurred and the amount can be reasonably estimated. If we determine there is a reasonable possibility that we may incur a loss and the loss or range of loss can be reasonably estimated, we disclose the possible loss in the accompanying notes to the consolidated financial statements to the extent material. We review the developments in our contingencies that could affect the amount of the provisions that have been previously recorded, and the matters and related reasonably possible losses disclosed. We make adjustments to our provisions and changes to our disclosures accordingly to reflect the merits of our defenses and the impact of negotiations, settlements, regulatory proceedings, rulings, advice of legal counsel, and updated information. Significant judgment is required to determine the probability of loss and the estimated amount of loss, including when and if the probability and estimate has changed for asserted and unasserted matters. Certain factors, in particular, have resulted in significant changes to these estimates and judgments in prior quarters based on updated information available. For example, in certain jurisdictions where we operate, fines and penalties may be the result of new laws and preliminary interpretations regarding the basis of assessing damages, which may make it difficult to estimate what such fines and penalties would amount to if successfully asserted against us. In addition, certain government inquiries and investigations, such as matters before our lead European Union privacy regulator, the IDPC, are subject to review by other regulatory bodies before decisions can be finalized, which can lead to significant changes in the outcome of an inquiry. As a result of these and other factors, we reasonably expect that our estimates and judgments with respect to our contingencies may continue to be revised in future quarters. Business Combinations We allocate the fair value of purchase consideration to the tangible assets acquired, liabilities assumed and intangible assets acquired based on their estimated fair values. The excess of the fair value of purchase consideration over the fair values of these identifiable assets and liabilities is recorded as goodwill to reporting units based on the expected benefit from the business combination. Allocation of purchase consideration to identifiable assets and liabilities affects the amortization expense, as acquired finite-lived intangible assets are amortized over the useful life, whereas any indefinite-lived intangible assets, including goodwill, are not amortized. During the measurement period, which is not to exceed one year from the acquisition date, we record adjustments to the assets acquired and liabilities assumed, with the corresponding offset to goodwill. Upon the conclusion of the measurement period, any subsequent adjustments are recorded to earnings. Acquisition-related expenses are recognized separately from business combinations and are expensed as incurred. Goodwill and Intangibles Assets We allocate goodwill to reporting units based on the expected benefit from business combinations. We evaluate our reporting units annually, as well as when changes in our operating segments occur. For changes in reporting units, we reassign goodwill using a relative fair value allocation approach. Goodwill is tested for impairment at the reporting unit level annually or more frequently if events or changes in circumstances would more likely than not reduce the fair value of a reporting unit below its carrying value. We have two reporting units subject to goodwill impairment testing. As of December 31, 2022, no impairment of goodwill has been identified. We evaluate the recoverability of finite-lived intangible assets for possible impairment whenever events or circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of such assets may not be recoverable. The evaluation of these intangible assets are performed at the lowest level for which identifiable cash flows are largely independent of the cash flows of other assets and liabilities. Recoverability of these assets is measured by a comparison of the carrying amounts to the future undiscounted cash flows the assets are expected to generate from the use and eventual disposition. If such review indicates that the carrying amount of finite-lived intangible assets is not recoverable, and the assets fair value is less than the carrying amount, an impairment charge is recognized. We have not recorded any material impairment charges during the years presented. Our finite-lived intangible assets are amortized on a straight-line basis over the estimated useful lives of the assets. Indefinite-lived intangible assets are not amortized. If an indefinite-lived intangible asset is subsequently determined to have a finite useful life, the asset will be tested for impairment and accounted for as a finite-lived intangible asset prospectively over its estimated remaining useful life. We routinely review the remaining estimated useful lives of finite-lived intangible assets. If we change the estimated useful life assumption for any asset, the remaining unamortized balance is amortized over the revised estimated useful life. Foreign Currency Generally, the functional currency of our international subsidiaries is the local currency. We translate the financial statements of these subsidiaries to U.S. dollars using month-end rates of exchange for assets and liabilities, and average rates of exchange for revenue, costs, and expenses. Translation gains and losses are recorded in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) as a component of stockholders' equity. As of December 31, 2022 and 2021, we had cumulative translation losses, net of tax of $1.86 billion and $677 million, respectively. Foreign currency transaction gains and losses from transactions denominated in a currency other than the functional currency of the subsidiary involved are recorded within interest and other income (expense), net on our consolidated statements of income. Net losses resulting from foreign currency transactions were $81 million, $140 million, and $129 million for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021, and 2020, respectively. Credit Risk and Concentration Our financial instruments that are potentially subject to concentrations of credit risk consist primarily of cash, cash equivalents, restricted cash, marketable securities, and accounts receivable. Cash equivalents consists mostly of money market funds, that primarily invest in U.S. government and agency securities. Marketable securities consist of investments in U.S. government securities, U.S. government agency securities, and investment grade corporate debt securities. Our investment portfolio in corporate debt securities is highly liquid and diversified among individual issuers. The amount of credit losses recorded for the year ended December 31, 2022 was not material. Accounts receivable are typically unsecured and are derived from revenue earned from customers across different industries and countries. We generated 40%, 41%, and 42% of our revenue for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021, and 2020, respectively, from marketers and developers based in the United States, with the majority of revenue outside of the United States coming from customers located in western Europe, China, Brazil, Canada, Australia and Japan. We perform ongoing credit evaluations of our customers and generally do not require collateral. We maintain an allowance for estimated credit losses, and bad debt expense on these losses was not material during the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021, or 2020. In the event that accounts receivable collection cycles deteriorate, our operating results and financial position could be adversely affected. No customer represented 10% or more of total revenue during the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021, and 2020. Recently Adopted Accounting Pronouncements On January 1, 2022, we early adopted Accounting Standards Update (ASU) No. 2021-08, Business Combinations (Topic 805): Accounting for Contract Assets and Contract Liabilities from Contracts with Customers (ASU 2021-08), which clarifies that an acquirer of a business should recognize and measure contract assets and contract liabilities in a business combination in accordance with Accounting Standards Codification (ASC) Topic 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers. The adoption of this new standard did not have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements. On July 1, 2022, we early adopted ASU No. 2022-03, Fair Value Measurement (Topic 820): Fair Value Measurement of Equity Securities Subject to Contractual Sale Restrictions (ASU 2022-03), which clarifies and amends the guidance of measuring the fair value of equity securities subject to contractual restrictions that prohibit the sale of the equity securities. The adoption of this new standard did not have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements. On October 1, 2022, we adopted ASU No. 2021-10, Government Assistance (Topic 832): Disclosure by Business Entities about Government Assistance (ASU 2021-10), which improves the transparency of government assistance received by most business entities by requiring annual disclosures of: (1) the types of government assistance received; (2) the accounting for such assistance; and (3) the effect of the assistance on a business entity's financial statements. The adoption of this new standard did not have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements.
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| Revenue from Contract with Customer [Abstract] | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Revenue | Revenue Revenue disaggregated by revenue source and by segment consists of the following (in millions). For comparative purposes, amounts for the year ended December 31, 2020 have been recast:
Revenue disaggregated by geography, based on the addresses of our customers, consists of the following (in millions):
_________________________ (1)United States revenue was $47.20 billion, $48.38 billion, and $36.25 billion for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021, and 2020, respectively. (2)Europe includes Russia and Turkey, and Rest of World includes Africa, Latin America, and the Middle East. Our total deferred revenue was $526 million and $596 million as of December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively. As of December 31, 2022, we expect $482 million of our deferred revenue to be realized in less than a year.
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Restructuring |
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| Restructuring and Related Activities [Abstract] | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Restructuring | Restructuring During the year ended December 31, 2022, we initiated several measures to pursue greater cost efficiency and to realign our business and strategic priorities. Beginning in the third quarter of 2022, as a part of our facilities consolidation strategy, we made a decision to sublease, early terminate, or abandon several office buildings under operating leases to align our real property lease arrangements with our anticipated operating needs. As a result, we recorded impairment charges for the related operating lease right-of-use (ROU) assets and leasehold improvements. In November 2022, we announced a layoff of approximately 11,000 of our employees across the FoA and RL segments. As a result, we recorded severance and other personnel related expenses for the impacted employees. In December 2022, we reevaluated our data center investment strategy to improve efficiency and further advance our efforts around artificial intelligence. As a result, we decided to pivot several of our data center building projects to a next generation design while also canceling multiple existing data center projects. This strategy led to abandonment charges of the related data center assets. A summary of our restructuring charges for the year ended December 31, 2022 by major activity type is as follows (in millions):
(1)Facilities consolidation includes impairment charges and accelerated expenses related to certain operating lease ROU assets and leasehold improvements. Total restructuring charges recorded under our FoA segment were $4.10 billion and RL segment were $515 million. The following table is a summary of the changes in the severance and other personnel liabilities, included within accrued expenses and other current liabilities on the consolidated balance sheets, related to the workforce reduction (in millions):
__________________________ (1)We expect the remaining severance and termination related liabilities to be substantially paid out in cash during the first half of 2023.
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Earnings per Share |
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| Earnings Per Share [Abstract] | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Earnings per Share | Earnings per Share We compute earnings per share (EPS) of Class A and Class B common stock using the two-class method. As the liquidation and dividend rights for both Class A and Class B common stock are identical, the undistributed earnings are allocated on a proportionate basis to the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding for the period. Basic EPS is computed by dividing net income by the weighted-average number of shares of our Class A and Class B common stock outstanding. For the calculation of diluted EPS, net income for basic EPS is adjusted by the effect of dilutive securities, including awards under our equity compensation plan. In addition, the computation of the diluted EPS of Class A common stock assumes the conversion of our Class B common stock to Class A common stock, while the diluted EPS of Class B common stock does not assume the conversion of those shares to Class A common stock. Diluted EPS is computed by dividing the resulting net income by the weighted-average number of fully diluted common shares outstanding. For the year ended December 31, 2022, approximately 95 million shares of Class A common stock equivalents of restricted stock units (RSUs) were excluded from the diluted EPS calculation as including them would have an anti-dilutive effect. RSUs with anti-dilutive effect were not material for the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020. Basic and diluted EPS are the same for each class of common stock because they are entitled to the same liquidation and dividend rights. The numerators and denominators of the basic and diluted EPS computations for our common stock are calculated as follows (in millions, except per share amounts):
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Cash, Cash Equivalents, Marketable Securities, and Restricted Cash |
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| Cash and Cash Equivalents and Marketable Securities [Abstract] | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Cash, and Cash Equivalents, Marketable Securities, and Restricted Cash | Cash, Cash Equivalent, Marketable Securities, and Restricted Cash The following table sets forth cash, cash equivalents, marketable securities and restricted cash (in millions):
The following table summarizes our available-for-sale marketable debt securities and cash equivalents with unrealized losses as of December 31, 2022 and 2021, aggregated by major security type and the length of time that individual securities have been in a continuous loss position (in millions):
The increase in the gross unrealized losses for the year ended December 31, 2022 is due to higher interest rates. The allowance for credit losses and the gross unrealized gains on our marketable debt securities was not material as of December 31, 2022 and 2021. The following table classifies our marketable debt securities by contractual maturities (in millions):
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Non-marketable Equity Securities |
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| Investments, Debt and Equity Securities [Abstract] | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Non-marketable Equity Securities | Non-marketable Equity Securities Our non-marketable equity securities are investments in privately-held companies without readily determinable fair values. The following table summarizes our non-marketable equity securities that were measured using measurement alternative and equity method (in millions):
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Fair Value Measurements |
12 Months Ended | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Dec. 31, 2022 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract] | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fair Value Measurements | Fair Value Measurements The following table summarizes our assets measured at fair value on a recurring basis and the classification by level of input within the fair value hierarchy (in millions):
We classify our cash equivalents and marketable debt securities within Level 1 or Level 2 because we use quoted market prices or alternative pricing sources and models utilizing market observable inputs to determine their fair value. Our marketable equity securities are publicly traded stocks measured at fair value and classified within Level 1 in the fair value hierarchy because we use quoted prices for identical assets in active markets to estimate their fair value. Certain other assets are classified within Level 3 because factors used to develop the estimated fair value are unobservable inputs that are not supported by market activity. Our non-marketable equity securities accounted for using the measurement alternative are measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis and are classified within Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy because we use significant unobservable inputs to estimate their fair value. Assets remeasured at fair value within Level 3 during the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021 were immaterial and $913 million, respectively. For additional information, see Note 6 — Non-marketable Equity Securities.
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Property and Equipment |
12 Months Ended | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Property, Plant and Equipment [Abstract] | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Property and Equipment | Property and Equipment Property and equipment, net consists of the following (in millions):
Construction in progress includes costs mostly related to construction of data centers, network infrastructure, servers, and office facilities. As of December 31, 2022, construction in progress also includes $2.18 billion of servers and network assets components stored by our suppliers until required by our design manufacturers to fulfill certain purchase orders. Depreciation expense on property and equipment was $8.50 billion, $7.56 billion, and $6.39 billion for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021, and 2020, respectively. The majority of the property and equipment depreciation expense was from servers and network assets depreciation of $5.29 billion, $4.94 billion, and $4.38 billion for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021, and 2020, respectively. For additional information regarding changes in the estimated useful life of our servers and network assets, see Note 1 — Summary of Significant Accounting Policies. During the year ended December 31, 2022, we recorded $1.34 billion abandonment charge and $508 million impairment loss for data center assets and leasehold improvements assets, respectively, as a result of our restructuring efforts. For additional information, see Note 3 — Restructuring.
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Leases |
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| Leases [Abstract] | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Leases | Leases We have entered into various non-cancelable operating lease agreements mostly for certain of our offices, data centers, colocations, and land. We have also entered into various non-cancelable finance lease agreements mostly for certain network infrastructure. Our leases have original lease periods expiring between 2023 and 2093. Many leases include one or more options to renew. We do not assume renewals in our determination of the lease term unless the renewals are deemed to be reasonably assured. Our lease agreements generally do not contain any material residual value guarantees or material restrictive covenants. The components of lease costs are as follows (in millions):
During the year ended December 31, 2022, we also recorded $1.71 billion impairment loss for operating lease ROU assets as a part of our facilities consolidation restructuring efforts. For additional information, see Note 3 — Restructuring. Supplemental balance sheet information related to leases is as follows:
The following is a schedule, by years, of maturities of lease liabilities as of December 31, 2022 (in millions):
_________________ (1) Lease liabilities include those operating leases that we plan to sublease or abandon as a part of our facilities consolidation restructuring efforts. For additional information, see Note 3 — Restructuring. The table above does not include lease payments that were not fixed at commencement or lease modification. As of December 31, 2022, we have additional operating and finance leases, that have not yet commenced, with lease obligations of approximately $8.36 billion and $1.43 billion, respectively, mostly for data centers, offices, network infrastructure, and colocations. These operating and finance leases will commence between 2023 and 2028 with lease terms of greater than one year to 30 years. Supplemental cash flow information related to leases is as follows (in millions):
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| Leases | Leases We have entered into various non-cancelable operating lease agreements mostly for certain of our offices, data centers, colocations, and land. We have also entered into various non-cancelable finance lease agreements mostly for certain network infrastructure. Our leases have original lease periods expiring between 2023 and 2093. Many leases include one or more options to renew. We do not assume renewals in our determination of the lease term unless the renewals are deemed to be reasonably assured. Our lease agreements generally do not contain any material residual value guarantees or material restrictive covenants. The components of lease costs are as follows (in millions):
During the year ended December 31, 2022, we also recorded $1.71 billion impairment loss for operating lease ROU assets as a part of our facilities consolidation restructuring efforts. For additional information, see Note 3 — Restructuring. Supplemental balance sheet information related to leases is as follows:
The following is a schedule, by years, of maturities of lease liabilities as of December 31, 2022 (in millions):
_________________ (1) Lease liabilities include those operating leases that we plan to sublease or abandon as a part of our facilities consolidation restructuring efforts. For additional information, see Note 3 — Restructuring. The table above does not include lease payments that were not fixed at commencement or lease modification. As of December 31, 2022, we have additional operating and finance leases, that have not yet commenced, with lease obligations of approximately $8.36 billion and $1.43 billion, respectively, mostly for data centers, offices, network infrastructure, and colocations. These operating and finance leases will commence between 2023 and 2028 with lease terms of greater than one year to 30 years. Supplemental cash flow information related to leases is as follows (in millions):
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Acquisitions, Goodwill, and Intangible Assets |
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| Goodwill and Intangible Assets Disclosure [Abstract] | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Acquisitions, Goodwill, and Intangible Assets | Acquisitions, Goodwill, and Intangible AssetsDuring the year ended December 31, 2022, we completed several business combinations with total cash consideration transferred of $1.23 billion, which in aggregate was allocated to $317 million of intangible assets, $1.14 billion of goodwill, and $223 million of net liabilities assumed. Goodwill generated from all business acquisitions completed was primarily attributable to expected synergies and potential monetization opportunities. The amount of goodwill generated that was deductible for tax purposes was not material. Acquisition-related costs were immaterial and were expensed as incurred. Pro forma historical results of operations related to these business acquisitions have not been presented because they are not significant to our consolidated financial statements, either individually or in aggregate. We have included the financial results of these acquired businesses in our consolidated financial statements from their respective dates of acquisition. Changes in the carrying amount of goodwill by reportable segment for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021 are as follows (in millions):
_________________________ (1)Represents reallocation of goodwill as a result of our change in segments in the fourth quarter of 2021. See Note 17 — Segment and Geographical Information for further details. The following table sets forth the major categories of the intangible assets and the weighted-average remaining useful lives for those assets that are not already fully amortized (in millions):
Amortization expense of intangible assets for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021, and 2020 was $185 million, $407 million, and $473 million, respectively. As of December 31, 2022, expected amortization expense for the unamortized finite-lived intangible assets for the next five years and thereafter is as follows (in millions):
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| Long-term Debt | Long-term Debt In August 2022, we issued an aggregate of $10.0 billion principal amount of fixed-rate senior unsecured notes in four series (the “Original Notes”) in a private offering to qualified institutional buyers and certain non-U.S. persons. The proceeds from this offering, net of discounts and debt issuance costs, was $9.92 billion. We intend to use the net proceeds from the offering for general corporate purposes, which may include, but are not limited to, capital expenditures, repurchases of outstanding shares of our common stock, acquisitions, or investments. In connection with the offering, we entered into a registration rights agreement (the "Registration Rights Agreement") providing for the filing of a registration statement with the Securities and Exchange Commission in order to exchange the Original Notes for registered notes having substantially the same terms. On November 29, 2022, we commenced an offer to exchange (the "Exchange Offer") the Original Notes for new registered notes (the "Exchange Notes" and, together with the Original Notes, the "Notes") in order to fulfill our obligations under the Registration Rights Agreement. The Exchange Offer expired on December 28, 2022 and settled on December 29, 2022. We did not receive any proceeds from the Exchange Offer, and the aggregate principal amount of the Exchange Notes that were issued was equal to the aggregate principal amount of the Original Notes that were surrendered pursuant to the Exchange Offer. Each series of the Exchange Notes is part of the same series of the applicable series of the Original Notes and the terms of the Exchange Notes offered in the Exchange Offer are substantially identical to the terms of the respective series of the Original Notes, except that the Exchange Notes are registered under the Securities Act, and certain transfer restrictions, registration rights, and additional interest provisions relating to the Original Notes do not apply to the Exchange Notes. The Notes of each series rank equally with each other and we are not subject to any financial covenants. We may redeem each series of the Notes at any time in whole or in part, at specified redemption prices. The following table summarizes the Notes and the carrying amount of our debt as of December 31, 2022 (in millions, except percentages):
Interest on each of the Notes is payable semi-annually in arrears in February and August of each year, commencing in February 2023. The effective interest rates include the interest rates stated on the Notes and amortization of the discounts and issuance costs. For the year ended December 31, 2022, interest expense recognized on the debt was $160 million. The total estimated fair value of our outstanding debt was $8.63 billion as of December 31, 2022. The fair value was determined based on the closing trading price per $100 of the Notes as of December 31, 2022 and is categorized accordingly as Level 2 in the fair value hierarchy. As of December 31, 2022, future principal payments for the Notes, by year, are as follows (in millions):
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Liabilities |
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| Liabilities | Liabilities The components of accrued expenses and other current liabilities are as follows (in millions):
_________________________ (1)Includes accruals for estimated fines, settlements, or other losses in connection with legal and related matters, as well as other legal fees. For further information, see Legal and Related Matters in Note 13 — Commitments and Contingencies. The components of other liabilities are as follows (in millions):
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| Commitments and Contingencies | Commitments and Contingencies Guarantee In 2018, we established a multi-currency notional cash pool for certain of our entities with a third-party bank provider, which was terminated on December 2, 2022. As a result, the parental guarantee by Meta Platforms, Inc. was no longer required. Contractual Commitments We have $19.91 billion of non-cancelable contractual commitments as of December 31, 2022, which are primarily related to our investments in network infrastructure, servers, and consumer hardware products in Reality Labs. The following is a schedule, by years, of non-cancelable contractual commitments as of December 31, 2022 (in millions):
Additionally, as part of the normal course of business, we have entered into multi-year agreements to purchase renewable energy that do not specify a fixed or minimum volume commitment or to purchase certain server components that do not specify a fixed or minimum price commitment. We enter into these agreements in order to secure either volume or price. Using the projected market prices or expected volume consumption, the total estimated spend as of December 31, 2022 is approximately $10.34 billion, a majority of which is due beyond five years. The ultimate spend under these agreements may vary and will be based on prevailing market prices or actual volume purchased. In January 2023, we entered into multi-year agreements to purchase renewable energy in the amount of approximately $1.6 billion. Legal and Related Matters Beginning on March 20, 2018, multiple putative class actions and derivative actions were filed in state and federal courts in the United States and elsewhere against us and certain of our directors and officers alleging violations of securities laws, breach of fiduciary duties, and other causes of action in connection with our platform and user data practices as well as the misuse of certain data by a developer that shared such data with third parties in violation of our terms and policies, and seeking unspecified damages and injunctive relief. Beginning on July 27, 2018, two putative class actions were filed in federal court in the United States against us and certain of our directors and officers alleging violations of securities laws in connection with the disclosure of our earnings results for the second quarter of 2018 and seeking unspecified damages. These two actions subsequently were transferred and consolidated in the U.S. District Court for the Northern District of California with the putative securities class action described above relating to our platform and user data practices. On September 25, 2019, the district court granted our motion to dismiss the consolidated putative securities class action, with leave to amend. On November 15, 2019, a second amended complaint was filed in the consolidated putative securities class action. On August 7, 2020, the district court granted our motion to dismiss the second amended complaint, with leave to amend. On October 16, 2020, a third amended complaint was filed in the consolidated putative securities class action. On December 20, 2021, the district court granted our motion to dismiss the third amended complaint, with prejudice. On January 17, 2022, the plaintiffs filed a notice of appeal of the order dismissing their case, and the appeal is now pending before the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit. With respect to the multiple putative class actions filed against us beginning on March 20, 2018 alleging fraud and violations of consumer protection, privacy, and other laws in connection with the same matters, several of the cases brought on behalf of consumers in the United States were consolidated in the U.S. District Court for the Northern District of California. On September 9, 2019, the court granted, in part, and denied, in part, our motion to dismiss the consolidated putative consumer class action. On December 22, 2022, the parties entered into a settlement agreement to resolve the lawsuit, which provides for a payment of $725 million by us and is subject to court approval. In addition, our platform and user data practices, as well as the events surrounding the misuse of certain data by a developer, became the subject of U.S. Federal Trade Commission (FTC), state attorneys general, and other government inquiries in the United States, Europe, and other jurisdictions. We entered into a settlement and modified consent order to resolve the FTC inquiry, which took effect in April 2020. Among other matters, our settlement with the FTC required us to pay a penalty of $5.0 billion which was paid in April 2020 upon the effectiveness of the modified consent order. The state attorneys general inquiry and certain government inquiries in other jurisdictions remain ongoing. On July 16, 2021, a stockholder derivative action was filed in Delaware Chancery Court against certain of our directors and officers asserting breach of fiduciary duty and related claims relating to our historical platform and user data practices, as well as our settlement with the FTC. On July 20, 2021, other stockholders filed an amended derivative complaint in a related Delaware Chancery Court action, asserting breach of fiduciary duty and related claims against certain of our current and former directors and officers in connection with our historical platform and user data practices. On November 4, 2021, the lead plaintiffs filed a second amended and consolidated complaint in the stockholder derivative action. We believe the lawsuits described above are without merit, and we are vigorously defending them. We also notify the Irish Data Protection Commission (IDPC), our lead European Union privacy regulator under the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR), of certain other personal data breaches and privacy issues, and are subject to inquiries and investigations by the IDPC and other European regulators regarding various aspects of our regulatory compliance. For example, we are currently subject to an IDPC inquiry regarding Meta Platforms Ireland's ability to transfer European Union/European Economic Area Facebook user data to the United States, which is described further in "Legal Proceedings" contained in Part I, Item 3 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K. The interpretation of the GDPR is still evolving and draft decisions in investigations by the IDPC are subject to review by other European privacy regulators as part of the GDPR's consistency mechanism, which may lead to significant changes in the final outcome of such investigations. As a result, the interpretation and enforcement of the GDPR, as well as the imposition and amount of penalties for non-compliance, are subject to significant uncertainty. Although we are vigorously defending our regulatory compliance, we have accrued significant amounts for loss contingencies related to these inquiries and investigations in Europe, and we believe there is a reasonable possibility that additional accruals for losses related to these matters could be material in the aggregate. Beginning in January 2022, we became subject to litigation and other proceedings that were filed in various federal and California state courts alleging that Facebook and Instagram cause "social media addiction" in teenage users, resulting in various mental health and other harms. A putative class action alleging similar harms was also filed in California state court on behalf of users under the age of 13 and three school districts recently filed public nuisance claims based on similar allegations. On October 6, 2022, the federal cases were consolidated in the U.S. District Court for the Northern District of California. The state court proceedings are now pending before a trial judge from Los Angeles County Superior Court. We believe these lawsuits are without merit, and we are vigorously defending them. We are also subject to government investigations and requests from multiple regulators concerning the use of our products, and the related mental and physical health and safety impacts on teenage users. We are also subject to other government inquiries and investigations relating to our business activities and disclosure practices. For example, beginning in September 2021, we became subject to government investigations and requests relating to a former employee's allegations and release of internal company documents concerning, among other things, our algorithms, advertising and user metrics, and content enforcement practices, as well as misinformation and other undesirable activity on our platform, and user well-being. We have since received additional requests relating to these and other topics. Beginning on October 27, 2021, multiple putative class actions and derivative actions were filed in the U.S. District Court for the Northern District of California against us and certain of our directors and officers alleging violations of securities laws, breach of fiduciary duties, and other causes of action in connection with the same matters, and seeking unspecified damages. We believe these lawsuits are without merit, and we are vigorously defending them. On March 8, 2022, a putative class action was filed in the U.S. District Court for the Northern District of California against us and certain of our directors and officers alleging violations of securities laws in connection with the disclosure of our earnings results for the fourth quarter of 2021 and seeking unspecified damages. We believe this lawsuit is without merit, and we are vigorously defending it. Beginning on August 15, 2018, multiple putative class actions were filed against us alleging that we inflated our estimates of the potential audience size for advertisements, resulting in artificially increased demand and higher prices. The cases were consolidated in the U.S. District Court for the Northern District of California and seek unspecified damages and injunctive relief. In a series of rulings in 2019, 2021, and 2022, the court dismissed certain of the plaintiffs' claims, but permitted its fraud and unfair competition claims to proceed. On March 29, 2022, the court granted the plaintiffs' motion for class certification. On June 21, 2022, the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit granted our petition for permission to appeal the district court's class certification order, and the district court subsequently stayed the case. We believe this lawsuit is without merit, and we are vigorously defending it. In addition, we are subject to litigation and other proceedings involving law enforcement and other regulatory agencies, including in particular in Brazil, Russia, and other countries in Europe, in order to ascertain the precise scope of our legal obligations to comply with the requests of those agencies, including our obligation to disclose user information in particular circumstances. A number of such instances have resulted in the assessment of fines and penalties against us. We believe we have multiple legal grounds to satisfy these requests or prevail against associated fines and penalties, and we intend to vigorously defend such fines and penalties. With respect to the cases, actions, and inquiries described above, we evaluate the associated developments on a regular basis and accrue a liability when we believe a loss is probable and the amount can be reasonably estimated. In addition, we believe there is a reasonable possibility that we may incur a loss in some of these matters. With respect to the matters described above that do not include an estimate of the amount of loss or range of possible loss, such losses or range of possible losses either cannot be estimated or are not individually material, but we believe there is a reasonable possibility that they may be material in the aggregate. We are also party to various other legal proceedings, claims, and regulatory, tax or government inquiries and investigations that arise in the ordinary course of business. For example, we are subject to various litigation and government inquiries and investigations, formal or informal, by competition authorities in the United States, Europe, and other jurisdictions. Such investigations, inquiries, and lawsuits concern, among other things, our business practices in the areas of social networking or social media services, digital advertising, and/or mobile or online applications, as well as our acquisitions. For example, in June 2019 we were informed by the FTC that it had opened an antitrust investigation of our company. On December 9, 2020, the FTC filed a complaint against us in the U.S. District Court for the District of Columbia alleging that we engaged in anticompetitive conduct and unfair methods of competition in violation of Section 5 of the Federal Trade Commission Act and Section 2 of the Sherman Act, including by acquiring Instagram in 2012 and WhatsApp in 2014 and by maintaining conditions on access to our platform. In addition, beginning in the third quarter of 2019, we became the subject of antitrust investigations by the U.S. Department of Justice and state attorneys general. On December 9, 2020, the attorneys general from 46 states, the territory of Guam, and the District of Columbia filed a complaint against us in the U.S. District Court for the District of Columbia alleging that we engaged in anticompetitive conduct in violation of Section 2 of the Sherman Act, including by acquiring Instagram in 2012 and WhatsApp in 2014 and by maintaining conditions on access to our platform. The complaint also alleged that we violated Section 7 of the Clayton Act by acquiring Instagram and WhatsApp. The complaints of the FTC and attorneys general both sought a permanent injunction against our company's alleged violations of the antitrust laws, and other equitable relief, including divestiture or reconstruction of Instagram and WhatsApp. On June 28, 2021, the court granted our motions to dismiss the complaints filed by the FTC and attorneys general, dismissing the FTC's complaint with leave to amend and dismissing the attorneys general's case without prejudice. On July 28, 2021, the attorneys general filed a notice of appeal of the order dismissing their case and that appeal is now pending before the U.S. Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit. On August 19, 2021, the FTC filed an amended complaint, and on October 4, 2021, we filed a motion to dismiss this amended complaint. On January 11, 2022, the court denied our motion to dismiss the FTC's amended complaint. Multiple putative class actions have also been filed in state and federal courts in the United States and in the United Kingdom against us alleging violations of antitrust laws and other causes of action in connection with these acquisitions and/or other alleged anticompetitive conduct, and seeking damages and injunctive relief. Several of the cases brought on behalf of certain advertisers and users in the United States were consolidated in the U.S. District Court for the Northern District of California. On January 14, 2022, the court granted, in part, and denied, in part, our motion to dismiss the consolidated actions. On March 1, 2022, a first amended consolidated complaint was filed in the putative class action brought on behalf of certain advertisers. On December 6, 2022, the court denied our motion to dismiss the first amended consolidated complaint filed in the putative class action brought on behalf of certain advertisers. In addition, on July 27, 2022, the FTC filed a complaint against us in the U.S. District Court for the Northern District of California seeking to preliminarily enjoin our proposed acquisition of Within Unlimited as an alleged violation of antitrust law. The FTC subsequently filed a related complaint in their administrative court seeking to permanently enjoin the transaction as a violation of Section 7 of the Clayton Act, and seeking other relief as well. We believe these lawsuits are without merit, and we are vigorously defending them. In December 2022, the European Commission issued a Statement of Objections alleging that we tie Facebook Marketplace to Facebook and use data in a manner that infringes European Union competition rules. On February 14, 2022, the State of Texas filed a lawsuit against us in Texas state court alleging that “tag suggestions" and other facial recognition features on our products violated the Texas Capture or Use of Biometric Identifiers Act and the Texas Deceptive Trade Practices-Consumer Protection Act, and seeking statutory damages and injunctive relief. The case is currently scheduled for trial in October 2023. We believe this lawsuit is without merit, and we are vigorously defending it. Additionally, we are required to comply with various legal and regulatory obligations around the world. The requirements for complying with these obligations may be uncertain and subject to interpretation and enforcement by regulatory and other authorities, and any failure to comply with such obligations could eventually lead to asserted legal or regulatory action. With respect to these other legal proceedings, claims, regulatory, tax, or government inquiries and investigations, and other matters, asserted and unasserted, we evaluate the associated developments on a regular basis and accrue a liability when we believe a loss is probable and the amount can be reasonably estimated. In addition, we believe there is a reasonable possibility that we may incur a loss in some of these other matters. We believe that the amount of losses or any estimable range of possible losses with respect to these other matters will not, either individually or in the aggregate, have a material adverse effect on our business and consolidated financial statements. The ultimate outcome of the legal and related matters described in this section, such as whether the likelihood of loss is remote, reasonably possible, or probable, or if and when the reasonably possible range of loss is estimable, is inherently uncertain. Therefore, if one or more of these matters were resolved against us for amounts in excess of management's estimates of loss, our results of operations and financial condition, including in a particular reporting period in which any such outcome becomes probable and estimable, could be materially adversely affected. For information regarding income tax contingencies, see Note 16 — Income Taxes. Indemnifications In the normal course of business, to facilitate transactions of services and products, we have agreed to indemnify certain parties with respect to certain matters. We have agreed to hold certain parties harmless against losses arising from a breach of representations or covenants, or out of intellectual property infringement or other claims made by third parties. These agreements may limit the time within which an indemnification claim can be made and the amount of the claim. In addition, we have entered into indemnification agreements with our officers, directors, and certain employees, and our certificate of incorporation and bylaws contain similar indemnification obligations. It is not possible to determine the maximum potential amount under these indemnification agreements due to the limited history of prior indemnification claims and the unique facts and circumstances involved in each particular agreement. Historically, payments made by us under these agreements have not had a material impact on our consolidated financial statements. In our opinion, as of December 31, 2022, there was not a reasonable possibility we had incurred a material loss with respect to indemnification of such parties. We have not recorded any liability for costs related to indemnification through December 31, 2022.
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Stockholders' Equity |
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| Stockholders' Equity | Stockholders' Equity Common Stock Our certificate of incorporation authorizes the issuance of Class A common stock and Class B common stock. As of December 31, 2022, we are authorized to issue 5,000 million shares of Class A common stock and 4,141 million shares of Class B common stock, each with a par value of $0.000006 per share. Holders of our Class A common stock and Class B common stock are entitled to dividends when, as, and if declared by our board of directors, subject to the rights of the holders of all classes of stock outstanding having priority rights to dividends. As of December 31, 2022, we have not declared any dividends. The holder of each share of Class A common stock is entitled to one vote, while the holder of each share of Class B common stock is entitled to ten votes. Shares of our Class B common stock are convertible into an equivalent number of shares of our Class A common stock and generally convert into shares of our Class A common stock upon transfer. Class A common stock and Class B common stock are collectively referred to as common stock throughout the notes to these financial statements, unless otherwise noted. As of December 31, 2022, there were 2,247 million shares of Class A common stock and 367 million shares of Class B common stock issued and outstanding. Share Repurchase Program Our board of directors has authorized a share repurchase program of our Class A common stock, which commenced in January 2017 and does not have an expiration date. As of December 31, 2021, $38.79 billion remained available and authorized for repurchases under this program. In 2022, we repurchased and subsequently retired 161 million shares of our Class A common stock for an aggregate amount of $27.93 billion. As of December 31, 2022, $10.87 billion remained available and authorized for repurchases. In January 2023, an additional $40 billion of repurchases was authorized under this program. The timing and actual number of shares repurchased under the repurchase program depend on a variety of factors, including price, general business and market conditions, and other investment opportunities, and shares may be repurchased through open market purchases or privately negotiated transactions, including through the use of trading plans intended to qualify under Rule 10b5-1 under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. Share-based Compensation Plan We have one active share-based employee compensation plan, the 2012 Equity Incentive Plan (Amended 2012 Plan), which was amended in each of June 2016, February 2018, and December 2022. Our Amended 2012 Plan provides for the issuance of incentive and nonqualified stock options, restricted stock awards, stock appreciation rights, RSUs, performance shares, and stock bonuses to qualified employees, directors, and consultants. Shares that are withheld in connection with the net settlement of RSUs or forfeited are added to the reserves of the Amended 2012 Plan. As of December 31, 2022, there were 66 million shares of our Class A common stock reserved for future issuance under our Amended 2012 Plan. Pursuant to the automatic increase provision under our Amended 2012 Plan, the number of shares reserved for issuance increases automatically on January 1 of each of the calendar years during the term of the Amended 2012 Plan, which will continue through April 2026, by a number of shares of Class A common stock equal to the lesser of (i) 2.5% of the total issued and outstanding shares of our Class A common stock as of the immediately preceding December 31st or (ii) a number of shares determined by our board of directors. Pursuant to this automatic increase provision, our board of directors approved an increase of 56 million shares of Class A common stock reserved for issuance, effective January 1, 2023. In December 2022, our board of directors approved an amendment to our Amended 2012 Plan to increase the number of shares reserved for issuance under the Amended 2012 Plan by 425 million shares, effective March 1, 2023 (Plan Amendment). The Plan Amendment was also approved by holders of a majority of the voting power of our outstanding capital stock in December 2022. The following table summarizes the activities for our unvested RSUs for the year ended December 31, 2022:
The weighted-average grant date fair value of RSUs granted in the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020 was $305.40 and $188.73, respectively. The fair value as of the respective vesting dates of RSUs that vested during the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021, and 2020 was $9.44 billion, $14.42 billion, and $9.38 billion, respectively. The income tax benefit recognized related to awards vested during the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021, and 2020 was $2.0 billion, $3.08 billion, and $1.81 billion, respectively. As of December 31, 2022, there was $26.01 billion of unrecognized share-based compensation expense related to RSU awards. This unrecognized compensation expense is expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of approximately three years based on vesting under the award service conditions.
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| Interest and Other Income (Expense), Net | Interest and Other Income (Expense), Net The following table presents the detail of interest and other income (expense), net (in millions):
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Income Taxes |
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| Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract] | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Income Taxes | Income Taxes The components of income before provision for income taxes are as follows (in millions):
The provision for income taxes consists of the following (in millions):
A reconciliation of the U.S. federal statutory income tax rates to our effective tax rate is as follows (in percentages):
Our deferred tax assets (liabilities) are as follows (in millions):
The valuation allowance was approximately $2.49 billion and $1.59 billion as of December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively, primarily related to U.S. state tax credit carryforwards, U.S. foreign tax credits, unrealized losses in securities and investments, and certain foreign tax attributes for which we do not believe a tax benefit is more likely than not to be realized. As of December 31, 2022, the U.S. federal and state net operating loss carryforwards were $196 million and $1.40 billion, which will begin to expire in 2035 and 2032, respectively, if not utilized. We have federal tax credit carryforwards of $276 million, which will begin to expire in 2029, if not utilized, and state tax credit carryforwards of $3.72 billion, most of which do not expire. Utilization of our net operating loss and tax credit carryforwards may be subject to substantial annual limitations due to the ownership change limitations provided by the Internal Revenue Code and similar state provisions. Such annual limitations could result in the expiration of the net operating loss and tax credit carryforwards before their utilization. The events that may cause ownership changes include, but are not limited to, a cumulative stock ownership change of greater than 50% over a three‑year period. The following table reflects changes in the gross unrecognized tax benefits (in millions):
These unrecognized tax benefits were primarily accrued for the uncertainties related to transfer pricing with our foreign subsidiaries, which include licensing of intellectual property, providing services and other transactions, as well as for the uncertainties with our research tax credits. During all years presented, we recognized interest and penalties related to unrecognized tax benefits within the provision for income taxes on the consolidated statements of income. The amount of interest and penalties accrued as of December 31, 2022 and 2021 were $1.07 billion and $960 million, respectively. If the balance of gross unrecognized tax benefits of $10.76 billion as of December 31, 2022 were realized in a future period, this would result in a tax benefit of $6.49 billion within our provision of income taxes at such time. We are subject to taxation in the United States and various other state and foreign jurisdictions. The material jurisdictions in which we are subject to potential examination include the United States and Ireland. We are under examination by the Internal Revenue Service (IRS) for our 2014 through 2019 tax years. Our 2020 and subsequent tax years remain open to examination by the IRS and the Irish Revenue Commissioners. In July 2016, we received a Statutory Notice of Deficiency (Notice) from the IRS related to transfer pricing with our foreign subsidiaries in conjunction with the examination of the 2010 tax year. While the Notice applies only to the 2010 tax year, the IRS stated that it will also apply its position for tax years subsequent to 2010 and has done so in years covered by the second Notice described below. We do not agree with the position of the IRS and have filed a petition in the Tax Court challenging the Notice. On January 15, 2020, the IRS's amendment to answer was filed stating that it planned to assert at trial an adjustment that is higher than the adjustment stated in the Notice. The first session of the trial was completed in March 2020 and the final trial session was completed in August 2022. We expect the Tax Court to issue an opinion in 2024. Based on the information provided, we believe that, if the IRS prevails in its updated position, this could result in an additional federal tax liability of an estimated, aggregate amount of up to approximately $9.0 billion in excess of the amounts in our originally filed U.S. return, plus interest and any penalties asserted. In March 2018, we received a second Notice from the IRS in conjunction with the examination of our 2011 through 2013 tax years. The IRS applied its position from the 2010 tax year to each of these years and also proposed new adjustments related to other transfer pricing with our foreign subsidiaries and certain tax credits that we claimed. If the IRS prevails in its position for these new adjustments, this could result in an additional federal tax liability of up to approximately $680 million in excess of the amounts in our originally filed U.S. returns, plus interest and any penalties asserted. We do not agree with the positions of the IRS in the second Notice and have filed a petition in the Tax Court challenging the second Notice. We have previously accrued an estimated unrecognized tax benefit consistent with the guidance in ASC 740, Income Taxes (ASC 740), that is lower than the potential additional federal tax liability from the positions taken by the IRS in the two Notices and its Pretrial Memorandum. In addition, if the IRS prevails in its positions related to transfer pricing with our foreign subsidiaries, the additional tax that we would owe would be partially offset by a reduction in the tax that we owe under the mandatory transition tax on accumulated foreign earnings from the 2017 Tax Cuts and Jobs Act. As of December 31, 2022, we have not resolved these matters and proceedings continue in the Tax Court. We believe that adequate amounts have been reserved in accordance with ASC 740 for any adjustments to the provision for income taxes or other tax items that may ultimately result from these examinations. The timing of the resolution, settlement, and closure of any audits is highly uncertain, and it is reasonably possible that the balance of gross unrecognized tax benefits could significantly change in the next 12 months. Given the number of years remaining that are subject to examination, we are unable to estimate the full range of possible adjustments to the balance of gross unrecognized tax benefits. If the tax authorities prevail in the assessment of additional tax due, the assessed tax, interest, and penalties, if any, could have a material adverse impact on our financial position, results of operations, and cash flows.
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| Segment and Geographical Information | Segment and Geographical Information Beginning in the fourth quarter of 2021, we report our financial results for our two reportable segments: Family of Apps (FoA) and Reality Labs (RL). FoA includes Facebook, Instagram, Messenger, WhatsApp, and other services. RL includes augmented and virtual reality related consumer hardware, software, and content. Our operating segments are the same as our reportable segments. Our Chief Executive Officer is our chief operating decision maker (CODM), who allocates resources to and assesses the performance of each operating segment using information about the operating segment's revenue and income (loss) from operations. Our CODM does not evaluate operating segments using asset or liability information. Revenue and costs and expenses are generally directly attributed to our segments. These costs and expenses include certain product development related operating expenses, costs associated with partnership arrangements, consumer hardware product costs, content costs, and legal-related costs. Indirect costs are allocated to segments based on a reasonable allocation methodology, when such costs are significant to the performance measures of the operating segments. Indirect cost of revenue is allocated to our segments based on usage, such as costs related to the operation of our data centers and technical infrastructure. Indirect operating expenses, such as facilities, information technology, certain shared research and development activities, recruiting, and physical security expenses, are mostly allocated based on headcount. The following table sets forth our segment information of revenue and income (loss) from operations (in millions). For comparative purposes, amounts for the year ended December 31, 2020 have been recast:
For information regarding revenue disaggregated by geography, see Note 2 — Revenue. The following table sets forth our long-lived assets by geographic area, which consist of property and equipment, net and operating lease right-of-use assets (in millions):
_________________________ (1)No individual country, other than disclosed above, exceeded 10% of our total long-lived assets for any period presented.
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Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Policies) |
12 Months Ended | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Dec. 31, 2022 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Accounting Policies [Abstract] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Basis of Presentation | Basis of Presentation We prepared the consolidated financial statements in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP). The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Meta Platforms, Inc., its subsidiaries where we have controlling financial interests, and any variable interest entities for which we are deemed to be the primary beneficiary. All intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated.
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| Use of Estimates | Use of Estimates Preparation of consolidated financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires the use of estimates and judgments that affect the reported amounts in the consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes. These estimates form the basis for judgments we make about the carrying values of our assets and liabilities, which are not readily apparent from other sources. We base our estimates and judgments on historical information and on various other assumptions that we believe are reasonable under the circumstances. GAAP requires us to make estimates and judgments in several areas, including, but not limited to, those related to revenue recognition, valuation of non-marketable equity securities, income taxes, loss contingencies, including the ultimate resolution of litigation, regulatory matters, and asserted and unasserted claims, valuation of long-lived assets including goodwill, intangible assets, and property and equipment, and their associated estimated useful lives, credit losses of available-for-sale (AFS) debt securities and accounts receivable, fair value of financial instruments, and fair value of leases. These estimates are based on management's knowledge about current events, interpretation of regulations, and expectations about actions we may undertake in the future. Actual results could differ materially from those estimates. In connection with our periodic reviews of the estimated useful lives of property and equipment, we extended the estimated average useful lives of a majority of the servers and network assets from four years to 4.5 years, effective the second quarter of 2022, and further extended the useful lives to five years effective the fourth quarter of 2022. The changes in estimated useful lives were due to expected longer refresh cycles in our data centers. The financial impact of the changes was a reduction in depreciation expense of $860 million and an increase in net income of $693 million, or $0.26 per diluted share for the year ended December 31, 2022. The impact from the changes in our estimates was calculated based on the servers and network assets existing as of the effective dates of the changes and applying the revised estimated useful lives prospectively.
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| Revenue Recognition | Revenue Recognition Revenue is recognized when control of the promised goods or services is transferred to our customers, in an amount that reflects the consideration we expect to be entitled to in exchange for those goods or services. We determine revenue recognition by applying the following steps: •identification of the contract, or contracts, with a customer; •identification of the performance obligations in the contract; •determination of the transaction price; •allocation of the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract; and •recognition of revenue when, or as, we satisfy a performance obligation. We expense sales commissions when incurred if the amortization period is one year or less. These costs are recorded within marketing and sales on our consolidated statements of income. We do not disclose the value of unsatisfied performance obligations for (i) contracts with an original expected length of one year or less and (ii) contracts for which we recognize revenue at the amount to which we have the right to invoice for services performed. Revenue excludes sales and usage‑based taxes where it has been determined that we are acting as a pass‑through agent. Advertising Advertising revenue is generated by displaying ad products on Facebook, Instagram, Messenger, and third-party mobile applications. Marketers pay for ad products either directly or through their relationships with advertising agencies or resellers, based on the number of impressions delivered or the number of actions, such as clicks, taken by our users. We recognize revenue from the display of impression-based ads in the contracted period in which the impressions are delivered. Impressions are considered delivered when an ad is displayed to users. We recognize revenue from the delivery of action-based ads in the period in which a user takes the action the marketer contracted for. In general, we report advertising revenue on a gross basis, since we control the advertising inventory before it is transferred to our customers. Our control is evidenced by our sole ability to monetize the advertising inventory before it is transferred to our customers. For revenue generated from arrangements that involve third-party publishers, we evaluate whether we are the principal or the agent, and for those advertising revenue arrangements where we are the agent, we recognize revenue on a net basis. We may accept lower consideration than the amount promised per the contract for certain revenue transactions and certain customers may receive cash-based incentives, credits, or refunds, which are accounted for as variable consideration when estimating the amount of revenue to recognize. We estimate these amounts and reduce revenue based on the amounts expected to be provided to customers. We believe that there will not be significant changes to our estimates of variable consideration. Reality Labs Revenue RL revenue is generated from the delivery of consumer hardware products, such as Meta Quest, wearables, and related software and content. Revenue is recognized at the time control of the products is transferred to customers, which is generally at the time of delivery, in an amount that reflects the consideration RL expects to be entitled to in exchange for the products. Other Revenue Other revenue consists of net fees we receive from developers using our Payments infrastructure and revenue from WhatsApp Business Platform and various other sources. Cost of Revenue Our cost of revenue consists mostly of expenses associated with the delivery and distribution of our products. These include expenses related to the operation of our data centers and technical infrastructure, such as depreciation expense from servers, network infrastructure and buildings, as well as payroll and related expenses which include share-based compensation for employees on our operations teams, and energy and bandwidth costs. Cost of revenue also includes costs associated with partner arrangements, including traffic acquisition costs and credit card and other fees related to processing customer transactions, and content costs. Additionally, cost of revenue includes RL inventory costs, which consist of cost of products sold and estimated losses on non-cancelable contractual commitments. Content Costs Our content costs are mostly related to payments to content providers from whom we license video and music to increase engagement on the platform. For licensed video, we expense the cost per title when the title is accepted and available for viewing if the capitalization criteria are not met. Video content costs that meet the criteria for capitalization were not material to date. For licensed music, we expense the license fees over the contractual license period. Expensed content costs are included in cost of revenue on the consolidated statements of income.
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| Software Development Costs | Software Development Costs Software development costs, including costs to develop software products or the software component of products to be marketed or sold to external users, are expensed before the software or technology reach technological feasibility, which is typically reached shortly before the release of such products. Software development costs also include costs to develop software to be used solely to meet internal needs and applications used to deliver our services. These software development costs meet the criteria for capitalization once the preliminary project stage is complete and it is probable that the project will be completed and the software will be used to perform the function intended. Development costs that meet the criteria for capitalization were not material to date.
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| Share-based Compensation | Share-based Compensation Share-based compensation expense consists of the company's restricted stock units (RSUs) expense. RSUs granted to employees are measured based on the grant-date fair value. In general, our RSUs vest over a service period of four years. Share-based compensation expense is generally recognized based on the straight-line basis over the requisite service period. We account for forfeitures as they occur.
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| Income Taxes | Income Taxes We are subject to income taxes in the United States and numerous foreign jurisdictions. Significant judgment is required in determining our provision for income taxes and income tax assets and liabilities, including evaluating uncertainties in the application of accounting principles and complex tax laws. We record a provision for income taxes for the anticipated tax consequences of the reported results of operations using the asset and liability method. Under this method, we recognize deferred income tax assets and liabilities for the expected future consequences of temporary differences between the financial reporting and tax bases of assets and liabilities, as well as for loss and tax credit carryforwards. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using the tax rates that are expected to apply to taxable income for the years in which those tax assets and liabilities are expected to be realized or settled. We recognize the deferred income tax effects of a change in tax rates in the period of the enactment. We record a valuation allowance to reduce our deferred tax assets to the net amount that we believe is more likely than not to be realized. We consider all available evidence, both positive and negative, including historical levels of income, expectations and risks associated with estimates of future taxable income and ongoing tax planning strategies in assessing the need for a valuation allowance. We recognize tax benefits from uncertain tax positions only if we believe that it is more likely than not that the tax position will be sustained on examination by the taxing authorities based on the technical merits of the position. These uncertain tax positions include our estimates for transfer pricing that have been developed based upon analyses of appropriate arms-length prices. Similarly, our estimates related to uncertain tax positions concerning research tax credits are based on an assessment of whether our available documentation corroborating the nature of our activities supporting the tax credits will be sufficient. Although we believe that we have adequately reserved for our uncertain tax positions (including net interest and penalties), we can provide no assurance that the final tax outcome of these matters will not be materially different. We make adjustments to these reserves in accordance with the income tax accounting guidance when facts and circumstances change, such as the closing of a tax audit or the refinement of an estimate. To the extent that the final tax outcome of these matters is different from the amounts recorded, such differences will affect the provision for income taxes in the period in which such determination is made, and could have a material impact on our financial condition and operating results.
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| Advertising Expense | Advertising ExpenseAdvertising costs are expensed when incurred and are included in marketing and sales expenses on the consolidated statements of income. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Cash and Cash Equivalents, Marketable Securities, and Restricted Cash | Cash and Cash Equivalents, Marketable Securities, and Restricted Cash Cash and cash equivalents consist of cash on deposit with banks and highly liquid investments with maturities of 90 days or less from the date of purchase. We hold investments in marketable securities, consisting mostly of U.S. government securities, U.S. government agency securities, and investment grade corporate debt securities. We classify our marketable securities as available-for-sale (AFS) investments in our current assets because they represent investments of cash available for current operations. Our AFS investments are carried at estimated fair value with any unrealized gains and losses, net of taxes, included in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) in stockholders' equity. AFS debt securities with an amortized cost basis in excess of estimated fair value are assessed to determine what amount of that difference, if any, is caused by expected credit losses. Allowance for credit losses on AFS debt securities are recognized as a charge in interest and other income (expense), net on our consolidated statements of income, and any remaining unrealized losses, net of taxes, are included in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) in stockholders' equity. The amounts of credit losses recorded for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021, and 2020 were not material. We determine realized gains or losses on sale of marketable securities on a specific identification method and include such gains or losses in interest and other income (expense), net on the consolidated statements of income. We classify certain restricted cash balances, consisting mostly of cash related to insurance policies, and retention and indemnification holdback for our acquisitions, within prepaid expenses and other current assets and other assets on the consolidated balance sheets based upon the expected duration of the restrictions.
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| Non-marketable Equity Investments | Non-marketable Equity Securities Our non-marketable equity securities are investments in privately-held companies without readily determinable fair values. We elected to account for substantially all of our non-marketable equity securities using the measurement alternative, which is cost, less any impairment, adjusted for changes in fair value resulting from observable transactions for identical or similar investments of the same issuer as of the respective transaction dates. The change in carrying value, if any, is recognized in interest and other income (expense), net on our consolidated statements of income. We periodically review our non-marketable equity securities for impairment. When indicators exist and the estimated fair value of an investment is below the carrying amount, we write down the investment to fair value. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fair Value Measurements | Fair Value Measurements We apply fair value accounting for all financial assets and liabilities and non-financial assets and liabilities that are recognized or disclosed at fair value in the financial statements on a recurring basis. We define fair value as the price that would be received from selling an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. When determining the fair value measurements for assets and liabilities, which are required to be recorded at fair value, we consider the principal or most advantageous market in which we would transact and the market-based risk measurements or assumptions that market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability, such as risks inherent in valuation techniques, transfer restrictions and credit risk. Fair value is estimated by applying the following hierarchy, which prioritizes the inputs used to measure fair value into three levels and bases the categorization within the hierarchy upon the lowest level of input that is available and significant to the fair value measurement: Level 1- Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities. Level 2- Observable inputs other than quoted prices in active markets for identical assets and liabilities, quoted prices for identical or similar assets or liabilities in inactive markets, or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data for substantially the full term of the assets or liabilities. Level 3- Inputs that are generally unobservable and typically reflect management's estimate of assumptions that market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability. Our cash equivalents and marketable debt securities are classified within Level 1 or Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy because their fair value is derived from quoted market prices or alternative pricing sources and models utilizing observable market inputs. Our marketable equity securities are publicly traded stocks measured at fair value and classified within Level 1 in the fair value hierarchy because we use quoted prices for identical assets in active markets to estimate their fair value. Certain other assets are classified within Level 3 because factors used to develop the estimated fair value are unobservable inputs that are not supported by market activity. Our non-marketable equity securities accounted for using the measurement alternative are recorded at fair value on a non-recurring basis. When indicators of impairment exist or observable price changes of qualified transactions occur, the respective non-marketable equity security would be classified within Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy because the valuation methods include a combination of the observable transaction price at the transaction date and other unobservable inputs including volatility, rights, and obligations of the securities we hold.
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| Accounts Receivable and Allowances | Accounts Receivable and AllowancesAccounts receivable are recorded and carried at the original invoiced amount less an allowance for any potential uncollectible amounts. We make estimates of expected credit and collectibility trends for the allowance for credit losses and allowance for unbilled receivables based upon our assessment of various factors, including historical experience, the age of the accounts receivable balances, credit quality of our customers, current economic conditions, reasonable and supportable forecasts of future economic conditions, and other factors that may affect our ability to collect from customers. Expected credit losses are recorded as general and administrative expenses on our consolidated statements of income. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Property and Equipment | Property and Equipment Property and equipment, which includes amounts recorded under finance leases, which are amortized, are stated at cost less accumulated depreciation. Depreciation is computed using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the assets or the remaining lease term, whichever is shorter. The estimated useful lives of property and equipment and amortization periods of finance lease right-of-use assets are described below:
We evaluate at least annually the recoverability of property and equipment for possible impairment whenever events or circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of such assets may not be recoverable. If such review indicates that the carrying amount of property and equipment assets is not recoverable, and the asset's fair value is less than the carrying amount, an impairment charge is recognized. During the year ended December 31, 2022, we recorded $1.34 billion of abandonment charges for data center construction in progress (CIP) assets under Accounting Standards Codification (ASC) Topic 360 related to our restructuring efforts. For additional information regarding our restructuring efforts, see Note 3 — Restructuring. The useful lives of our property and equipment are determined by management when those assets are initially recognized and are routinely reviewed for the remaining estimated useful lives. Our current estimate of useful lives represents the best estimate of the useful lives based on current facts and circumstances, but may differ from the actual useful lives due to changes to our business operations, changes in the planned use of assets, and technological advancements. When we change the estimated useful life assumption for any asset, the remaining carrying amount of the asset is accounted for prospectively and depreciated or amortized over the revised estimated useful life. See section "Use of Estimates" above for additional information regarding changes in the estimated useful lives of our servers and network assets. Servers and network assets include property and equipment mostly in our data centers, which is used to support production traffic. Land and assets held within construction in progress are not depreciated. Construction in progress is related to the construction or development of property and equipment that have not yet been placed in service for their intended use. The cost of maintenance and repairs is expensed as incurred. When assets are retired or otherwise disposed of, the cost and related accumulated depreciation are removed from their respective accounts, and any gain or loss on such sale or disposal is reflected in income from operations.
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| Lease Obligations | Lease Obligations We have operating leases comprised of certain offices, data centers, colocations, land, network infrastructure, and other equipment. We also have finance leases for certain network infrastructure. We determine if an arrangement is a lease at inception. Most of our leases contain lease and non-lease components. Non-lease components include fixed payments for maintenance, utilities, real estate taxes, and management fees. We combine fixed lease and non-lease components and account for them as a single lease component. Our lease agreements may contain variable costs such as contingent rent escalations, common area maintenance, insurance, real estate taxes, or other costs. Such variable lease costs are expensed as incurred on the consolidated statements of income. For certain colocation and equipment leases, we apply a portfolio approach to effectively account for the operating lease right-of-use (ROU) assets and lease liabilities. For leases with a lease term greater than 12 months, ROU assets and lease liabilities are recognized on the consolidated balance sheets at the commencement date based on the present value of the remaining fixed lease payments and includes only payments that are fixed and determinable at the time of commencement. Our lease terms may include options to extend or terminate the lease when it is reasonably certain that we will exercise such options. When determining the probability of exercising such options, we consider contract-based, asset-based, entity-based, and market-based factors. As most of our leases do not provide an implicit rate, we use our incremental borrowing rate based on the information available at the commencement date in determining the present value of lease payments. Our incremental borrowing rate is a hypothetical rate based on our understanding of what our credit rating would be in a similar economic environment. Operating leases are included in operating lease ROU assets, operating lease liabilities, current, and operating lease liabilities, non-current on our consolidated balance sheets. Finance leases are included in property and equipment, net, accrued expenses and other current liabilities, and other liabilities on our consolidated balance sheets. Operating lease costs are recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease terms. Finance lease assets are amortized on a straight-line basis over the shorter of the estimated useful lives of the assets or the lease terms. During the year ended December 31, 2022, we recorded impairment losses of $2.22 billion in aggregate for operating lease ROU assets and leasehold improvements under ASC Topic 360 as a part of our facilities consolidation restructuring efforts. The fair values of the impaired assets were estimated using discounted cash flow models (income approach) based on market participant assumptions with Level 3 inputs. The assumptions used in estimating fair value include the expected downtime prior to the commencement of future subleases, projected sublease income over the remaining lease periods, and discount rates that reflect the level of risk associated with receiving future cash flows. For additional information regarding our restructuring efforts, see Note 3 — Restructuring.
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| Impairment or Disposal of Long-Lived Assets, Policy | During the year ended December 31, 2022, we recorded impairment losses of $2.22 billion in aggregate for operating lease ROU assets and leasehold improvements under ASC Topic 360 as a part of our facilities consolidation restructuring efforts. The fair values of the impaired assets were estimated using discounted cash flow models (income approach) based on market participant assumptions with Level 3 inputs. The assumptions used in estimating fair value include the expected downtime prior to the commencement of future subleases, projected sublease income over the remaining lease periods, and discount rates that reflect the level of risk associated with receiving future cash flows. For additional information regarding our restructuring efforts, see Note 3 — Restructuring. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Loss Contingencies | Loss Contingencies We are involved in legal proceedings, claims, and regulatory, tax or government inquiries and investigations that arise in the ordinary course of business. Certain of these matters include speculative claims for substantial or indeterminate amounts of damages. Additionally, we are required to comply with various legal and regulatory obligations around the world, and we regularly become subject to new laws and regulations in the jurisdictions in which we operate. The requirements for complying with these obligations may be uncertain and subject to interpretation and enforcement by regulatory and other authorities, and any failure to comply with such obligations could eventually lead to asserted legal or regulatory action. With respect to these matters, asserted and unasserted, we evaluate the associated developments on a regular basis and accrue a liability when we believe that it is both probable that a loss has been incurred and the amount can be reasonably estimated. If we determine there is a reasonable possibility that we may incur a loss and the loss or range of loss can be reasonably estimated, we disclose the possible loss in the accompanying notes to the consolidated financial statements to the extent material. We review the developments in our contingencies that could affect the amount of the provisions that have been previously recorded, and the matters and related reasonably possible losses disclosed. We make adjustments to our provisions and changes to our disclosures accordingly to reflect the merits of our defenses and the impact of negotiations, settlements, regulatory proceedings, rulings, advice of legal counsel, and updated information. Significant judgment is required to determine the probability of loss and the estimated amount of loss, including when and if the probability and estimate has changed for asserted and unasserted matters. Certain factors, in particular, have resulted in significant changes to these estimates and judgments in prior quarters based on updated information available. For example, in certain jurisdictions where we operate, fines and penalties may be the result of new laws and preliminary interpretations regarding the basis of assessing damages, which may make it difficult to estimate what such fines and penalties would amount to if successfully asserted against us. In addition, certain government inquiries and investigations, such as matters before our lead European Union privacy regulator, the IDPC, are subject to review by other regulatory bodies before decisions can be finalized, which can lead to significant changes in the outcome of an inquiry. As a result of these and other factors, we reasonably expect that our estimates and judgments with respect to our contingencies may continue to be revised in future quarters.
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| Business Combinations | Business Combinations We allocate the fair value of purchase consideration to the tangible assets acquired, liabilities assumed and intangible assets acquired based on their estimated fair values. The excess of the fair value of purchase consideration over the fair values of these identifiable assets and liabilities is recorded as goodwill to reporting units based on the expected benefit from the business combination. Allocation of purchase consideration to identifiable assets and liabilities affects the amortization expense, as acquired finite-lived intangible assets are amortized over the useful life, whereas any indefinite-lived intangible assets, including goodwill, are not amortized. During the measurement period, which is not to exceed one year from the acquisition date, we record adjustments to the assets acquired and liabilities assumed, with the corresponding offset to goodwill. Upon the conclusion of the measurement period, any subsequent adjustments are recorded to earnings. Acquisition-related expenses are recognized separately from business combinations and are expensed as incurred.
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| Goodwill and Intangible Assets | Goodwill and Intangibles Assets We allocate goodwill to reporting units based on the expected benefit from business combinations. We evaluate our reporting units annually, as well as when changes in our operating segments occur. For changes in reporting units, we reassign goodwill using a relative fair value allocation approach. Goodwill is tested for impairment at the reporting unit level annually or more frequently if events or changes in circumstances would more likely than not reduce the fair value of a reporting unit below its carrying value. We have two reporting units subject to goodwill impairment testing. As of December 31, 2022, no impairment of goodwill has been identified. We evaluate the recoverability of finite-lived intangible assets for possible impairment whenever events or circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of such assets may not be recoverable. The evaluation of these intangible assets are performed at the lowest level for which identifiable cash flows are largely independent of the cash flows of other assets and liabilities. Recoverability of these assets is measured by a comparison of the carrying amounts to the future undiscounted cash flows the assets are expected to generate from the use and eventual disposition. If such review indicates that the carrying amount of finite-lived intangible assets is not recoverable, and the assets fair value is less than the carrying amount, an impairment charge is recognized. We have not recorded any material impairment charges during the years presented. Our finite-lived intangible assets are amortized on a straight-line basis over the estimated useful lives of the assets. Indefinite-lived intangible assets are not amortized. If an indefinite-lived intangible asset is subsequently determined to have a finite useful life, the asset will be tested for impairment and accounted for as a finite-lived intangible asset prospectively over its estimated remaining useful life. We routinely review the remaining estimated useful lives of finite-lived intangible assets. If we change the estimated useful life assumption for any asset, the remaining unamortized balance is amortized over the revised estimated useful life.
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| Foreign Currency | Foreign Currency Generally, the functional currency of our international subsidiaries is the local currency. We translate the financial statements of these subsidiaries to U.S. dollars using month-end rates of exchange for assets and liabilities, and average rates of exchange for revenue, costs, and expenses. Translation gains and losses are recorded in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) as a component of stockholders' equity. As of December 31, 2022 and 2021, we had cumulative translation losses, net of tax of $1.86 billion and $677 million, respectively. Foreign currency transaction gains and losses from transactions denominated in a currency other than the functional currency of the subsidiary involved are recorded within interest and other income (expense), net on our consolidated statements of income. Net losses resulting from foreign currency transactions were $81 million, $140 million, and $129 million for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021, and 2020, respectively.
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| Credit Risk and Concentration | Credit Risk and Concentration Our financial instruments that are potentially subject to concentrations of credit risk consist primarily of cash, cash equivalents, restricted cash, marketable securities, and accounts receivable. Cash equivalents consists mostly of money market funds, that primarily invest in U.S. government and agency securities. Marketable securities consist of investments in U.S. government securities, U.S. government agency securities, and investment grade corporate debt securities. Our investment portfolio in corporate debt securities is highly liquid and diversified among individual issuers. The amount of credit losses recorded for the year ended December 31, 2022 was not material. Accounts receivable are typically unsecured and are derived from revenue earned from customers across different industries and countries. We generated 40%, 41%, and 42% of our revenue for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021, and 2020, respectively, from marketers and developers based in the United States, with the majority of revenue outside of the United States coming from customers located in western Europe, China, Brazil, Canada, Australia and Japan. We perform ongoing credit evaluations of our customers and generally do not require collateral. We maintain an allowance for estimated credit losses, and bad debt expense on these losses was not material during the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021, or 2020. In the event that accounts receivable collection cycles deteriorate, our operating results and financial position could be adversely affected. No customer represented 10% or more of total revenue during the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021, and 2020.
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| Recently Adopted Accounting Pronouncements | Recently Adopted Accounting Pronouncements On January 1, 2022, we early adopted Accounting Standards Update (ASU) No. 2021-08, Business Combinations (Topic 805): Accounting for Contract Assets and Contract Liabilities from Contracts with Customers (ASU 2021-08), which clarifies that an acquirer of a business should recognize and measure contract assets and contract liabilities in a business combination in accordance with Accounting Standards Codification (ASC) Topic 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers. The adoption of this new standard did not have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements. On July 1, 2022, we early adopted ASU No. 2022-03, Fair Value Measurement (Topic 820): Fair Value Measurement of Equity Securities Subject to Contractual Sale Restrictions (ASU 2022-03), which clarifies and amends the guidance of measuring the fair value of equity securities subject to contractual restrictions that prohibit the sale of the equity securities. The adoption of this new standard did not have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements. On October 1, 2022, we adopted ASU No. 2021-10, Government Assistance (Topic 832): Disclosure by Business Entities about Government Assistance (ASU 2021-10), which improves the transparency of government assistance received by most business entities by requiring annual disclosures of: (1) the types of government assistance received; (2) the accounting for such assistance; and (3) the effect of the assistance on a business entity's financial statements. The adoption of this new standard did not have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements.
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| Earnings Per Share | We compute earnings per share (EPS) of Class A and Class B common stock using the two-class method. As the liquidation and dividend rights for both Class A and Class B common stock are identical, the undistributed earnings are allocated on a proportionate basis to the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding for the period. Basic EPS is computed by dividing net income by the weighted-average number of shares of our Class A and Class B common stock outstanding. For the calculation of diluted EPS, net income for basic EPS is adjusted by the effect of dilutive securities, including awards under our equity compensation plan. In addition, the computation of the diluted EPS of Class A common stock assumes the conversion of our Class B common stock to Class A common stock, while the diluted EPS of Class B common stock does not assume the conversion of those shares to Class A common stock. Diluted EPS is computed by dividing the resulting net income by the weighted-average number of fully diluted common shares outstanding.
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Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Tables) |
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| Accounting Policies [Abstract] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Estimated Useful Lives of Property and Equipment | The estimated useful lives of property and equipment and amortization periods of finance lease right-of-use assets are described below:
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Revenue (Tables) |
12 Months Ended | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Dec. 31, 2022 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Revenue from Contract with Customer [Abstract] | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Schedule of Disaggregation of Revenue | Revenue disaggregated by revenue source and by segment consists of the following (in millions). For comparative purposes, amounts for the year ended December 31, 2020 have been recast:
Revenue disaggregated by geography, based on the addresses of our customers, consists of the following (in millions):
_________________________ (1)United States revenue was $47.20 billion, $48.38 billion, and $36.25 billion for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021, and 2020, respectively. (2)Europe includes Russia and Turkey, and Rest of World includes Africa, Latin America, and the Middle East.
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Restructuring (Tables) |
12 Months Ended | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Dec. 31, 2022 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Restructuring and Related Activities [Abstract] | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Restructuring and Related Costs | A summary of our restructuring charges for the year ended December 31, 2022 by major activity type is as follows (in millions):
(1)Facilities consolidation includes impairment charges and accelerated expenses related to certain operating lease ROU assets and leasehold improvements. The following table is a summary of the changes in the severance and other personnel liabilities, included within accrued expenses and other current liabilities on the consolidated balance sheets, related to the workforce reduction (in millions):
__________________________ (1)We expect the remaining severance and termination related liabilities to be substantially paid out in cash during the first half of 2023.
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Earnings per Share (Tables) |
12 Months Ended | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Dec. 31, 2022 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Earnings Per Share [Abstract] | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Schedule of Numerators and Denominators of Basic and Diluted EPS Computations for Common Stock | The numerators and denominators of the basic and diluted EPS computations for our common stock are calculated as follows (in millions, except per share amounts):
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Cash, Cash Equivalents, Marketable Securities, and Restricted Cash (Tables) |
12 Months Ended | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Cash and Cash Equivalents and Marketable Securities [Abstract] | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Schedule of Cash, Cash Equivalents and Marketable Securities | The following table sets forth cash, cash equivalents, marketable securities and restricted cash (in millions):
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| Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Unrealized Loss Position, Fair Value | The following table summarizes our available-for-sale marketable debt securities and cash equivalents with unrealized losses as of December 31, 2022 and 2021, aggregated by major security type and the length of time that individual securities have been in a continuous loss position (in millions):
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| Schedule of Marketable Securities by Contractual Maturities | The following table classifies our marketable debt securities by contractual maturities (in millions):
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Non-marketable Equity Securities (Tables) |
12 Months Ended | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Dec. 31, 2022 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Investments, Debt and Equity Securities [Abstract] | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Carrying Value of Nonmarketable Equity Securities | The following table summarizes our non-marketable equity securities that were measured using measurement alternative and equity method (in millions):
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Fair Value Measurements (Tables) |
12 Months Ended | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Dec. 31, 2022 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract] | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Schedule of Assets and Liabilities Measured at Fair Value on Recurring Basis | The following table summarizes our assets measured at fair value on a recurring basis and the classification by level of input within the fair value hierarchy (in millions):
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Property and Equipment (Tables) |
12 Months Ended | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Dec. 31, 2022 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Property, Plant and Equipment [Abstract] | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Schedule of Property and Equipment | Property and equipment, net consists of the following (in millions):
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Leases (Tables) |
12 Months Ended | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Dec. 31, 2022 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Leases [Abstract] | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Schedule of Components of Lease Costs | The components of lease costs are as follows (in millions):
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| Schedule of Supplemental Balance Sheet Information | Supplemental balance sheet information related to leases is as follows:
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| Schedule of Maturities of Finance Lease Liabilities | The following is a schedule, by years, of maturities of lease liabilities as of December 31, 2022 (in millions):
_________________ (1) Lease liabilities include those operating leases that we plan to sublease or abandon as a part of our facilities consolidation restructuring efforts. For additional information, see Note 3 — Restructuring
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| Schedule of Maturities of Operating Lease Liabilities | The following is a schedule, by years, of maturities of lease liabilities as of December 31, 2022 (in millions):
_________________ (1) Lease liabilities include those operating leases that we plan to sublease or abandon as a part of our facilities consolidation restructuring efforts. For additional information, see Note 3 — Restructuring.
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| Schedule of Supplemental Cash Flow Information | Supplemental cash flow information related to leases is as follows (in millions):
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Acquisitions, Goodwill, and Intangible Assets (Tables) |
12 Months Ended | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Dec. 31, 2022 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Goodwill and Intangible Assets Disclosure [Abstract] | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Schedule of Goodwill | Changes in the carrying amount of goodwill by reportable segment for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021 are as follows (in millions):
_________________________ (1)Represents reallocation of goodwill as a result of our change in segments in the fourth quarter of 2021. See Note 17 — Segment and Geographical Information for further details.
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| Schedule of Finite-lived and Indefinite Lived Intangible Assets | The following table sets forth the major categories of the intangible assets and the weighted-average remaining useful lives for those assets that are not already fully amortized (in millions):
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| Schedule of Estimated Amortization Expense for Unamortized Acquired Intangible Assets | As of December 31, 2022, expected amortization expense for the unamortized finite-lived intangible assets for the next five years and thereafter is as follows (in millions):
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Long-term Debt (Tables) |
12 Months Ended | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Dec. 31, 2022 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Debt Disclosure [Abstract] | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Schedule of Long-Term Debt Instruments | The following table summarizes the Notes and the carrying amount of our debt as of December 31, 2022 (in millions, except percentages):
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| Schedule of Maturities of Long-Term Debt | As of December 31, 2022, future principal payments for the Notes, by year, are as follows (in millions):
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Liabilities (Tables) |
12 Months Ended | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Dec. 31, 2022 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Accounts Payable and Accrued Liabilities [Abstract] | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Schedule of Accrued Expenses and Other Current Liabilities | The components of accrued expenses and other current liabilities are as follows (in millions):
_________________________ (1)Includes accruals for estimated fines, settlements, or other losses in connection with legal and related matters, as well as other legal fees. For further information, see Legal and Related Matters in Note 13 — Commitments and Contingencies.
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| Schedule of Other Liabilities | The components of other liabilities are as follows (in millions):
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Commitment and Contingencies (Tables) |
12 Months Ended | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Dec. 31, 2022 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure [Abstract] | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Contractual Obligation, Fiscal Year Maturity | The following is a schedule, by years, of non-cancelable contractual commitments as of December 31, 2022 (in millions):
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Stockholders' Equity (Tables) |
12 Months Ended | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Dec. 31, 2022 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Equity [Abstract] | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Schedule of Restricted Stock Units Award Activity | The following table summarizes the activities for our unvested RSUs for the year ended December 31, 2022:
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Interest and Other Income (Expense), Net (Tables) |
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| Nonoperating Income (Expense) [Abstract] | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Schedule of Interest and Other Income, Net | The following table presents the detail of interest and other income (expense), net (in millions):
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Income Taxes (Tables) |
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Dec. 31, 2022 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract] | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Schedule of Components of Income Before Provision for Income Taxes | The components of income before provision for income taxes are as follows (in millions):
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| Schedule of Provision for Income Taxes | The provision for income taxes consists of the following (in millions):
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| Schedule of Reconciliation of U.S. Federal Statutory Income Tax Rate to Effective Tax Rate | A reconciliation of the U.S. federal statutory income tax rates to our effective tax rate is as follows (in percentages):
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| Schedule of Deferred Tax Assets and Liabilities | Our deferred tax assets (liabilities) are as follows (in millions):
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| Schedule of Gross Unrecognized Tax Benefits Roll Forward | The following table reflects changes in the gross unrecognized tax benefits (in millions):
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Segment and Geographical Information (Tables) |
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Dec. 31, 2022 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Segments, Geographical Areas [Abstract] | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Segment Revenue and Income from Operations | The following table sets forth our segment information of revenue and income (loss) from operations (in millions). For comparative purposes, amounts for the year ended December 31, 2020 have been recast:
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| Schedule of Revenue and Property and Equipment by Geographic Area | The following table sets forth our long-lived assets by geographic area, which consist of property and equipment, net and operating lease right-of-use assets (in millions):
_________________________ (1)No individual country, other than disclosed above, exceeded 10% of our total long-lived assets for any period presented.
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Revenue - Schedule of Disaggregation of Revenue (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions |
12 Months Ended | ||
|---|---|---|---|
Dec. 31, 2022 |
Dec. 31, 2021 |
Dec. 31, 2020 |
|
| Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items] | |||
| Revenue | $ 116,609 | $ 117,929 | $ 85,965 |
| Family of Apps | |||
| Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items] | |||
| Revenue | 114,450 | 115,655 | 84,826 |
| Reality Labs | |||
| Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items] | |||
| Revenue | 2,159 | 2,274 | 1,139 |
| US & Canada | |||
| Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items] | |||
| Revenue | 50,150 | 51,541 | 38,433 |
| Europe | |||
| Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items] | |||
| Revenue | 26,681 | 29,057 | 20,349 |
| Asia-Pacific | |||
| Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items] | |||
| Revenue | 27,760 | 26,739 | 19,848 |
| Rest of World | |||
| Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items] | |||
| Revenue | 12,018 | 10,592 | 7,335 |
| United States | |||
| Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items] | |||
| Revenue | 47,200 | 48,380 | 36,250 |
| Advertising | Family of Apps | |||
| Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items] | |||
| Revenue | 113,642 | 114,934 | 84,169 |
| Other revenue | Family of Apps | |||
| Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items] | |||
| Revenue | $ 808 | $ 721 | $ 657 |
Revenue - Narrative (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions |
Dec. 31, 2022 |
Dec. 31, 2021 |
|---|---|---|
| Revenue from Contract with Customer [Abstract] | ||
| Deferred revenue | $ 526 | $ 596 |
| Deferred revenue, current | $ 482 |
Restructuring - Narrative (Details) $ in Millions |
1 Months Ended | 12 Months Ended |
|---|---|---|
|
Nov. 30, 2022
employee
|
Dec. 31, 2022
USD ($)
|
|
| Restructuring Cost and Reserve [Line Items] | ||
| Expected number of positions eliminated | employee | 11,000 | |
| 2022 Restructuring | ||
| Restructuring Cost and Reserve [Line Items] | ||
| Restructuring charges | $ 4,611 | |
| 2022 Restructuring | Family of Apps | ||
| Restructuring Cost and Reserve [Line Items] | ||
| Restructuring charges | 4,100 | |
| 2022 Restructuring | Reality Labs | ||
| Restructuring Cost and Reserve [Line Items] | ||
| Restructuring charges | $ 515 |
Restructuring - Changes in the Liabilities Related to Workforce Reduction (Details) - Severance and Other Personnel Costs $ in Millions |
12 Months Ended |
|---|---|
|
Dec. 31, 2022
USD ($)
| |
| Restructuring Cost and Reserve [Line Items] | |
| Balance as of January 1, 2022 | $ 0 |
| Restructuring charges | 975 |
| Cash payments during the period | (203) |
| Balance as of December 31, 2022 | $ 772 |
Earnings per Share - Narrative (Details) shares in Millions |
12 Months Ended |
|---|---|
|
Dec. 31, 2022
shares
| |
| Restricted Stock Units (RSUs) | Class A Common Stock | |
| Antidilutive Securities Excluded from Computation of Earnings Per Share [Line Items] | |
| Antidilutive securities excluded from computation of earnings per share (in shares) | 95 |
Cash, Cash Equivalents, Marketable Securities, and Restricted Cash - Schedule of Contractual Maturities of Debt Securities (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions |
Dec. 31, 2022 |
Dec. 31, 2021 |
|---|---|---|
| Cash and Cash Equivalents and Marketable Securities [Abstract] | ||
| Due within one year | $ 4,170 | |
| Due after one year to five years | 21,862 | |
| Marketable securities: | $ 26,032 | $ 31,397 |
Non-marketable Equity Securities - Carrying Value of Equity Investments (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions |
Dec. 31, 2022 |
Dec. 31, 2021 |
|---|---|---|
| Investments, Debt and Equity Securities [Abstract] | ||
| Initial cost | $ 6,388 | $ 6,480 |
| Cumulative upward adjustments | 293 | 311 |
| Cumulative impairment/downward adjustments | (497) | (50) |
| Carrying value | 6,184 | 6,741 |
| Non-marketable equity securities under equity method | 17 | 34 |
| Total | $ 6,201 | $ 6,775 |
Non-marketable Equity Securities - Narrative (Details) $ in Millions |
12 Months Ended |
|---|---|
|
Dec. 31, 2022
USD ($)
| |
| Investments, Debt and Equity Securities [Abstract] | |
| Equity securities without readily determinable fair value, impairment and downward price adjustment, current year amount | $ 447 |
Fair Value Measurements - Narrative (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions |
Dec. 31, 2022 |
Dec. 31, 2021 |
|---|---|---|
| Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis | ||
| Non-marketable equity securities, carrying value | $ 6,201 | $ 6,775 |
| Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3) | ||
| Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis | ||
| Non-marketable equity securities, carrying value | $ 913 |
Property and Equipment - Schedule of Property and Equipment (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions |
Dec. 31, 2022 |
Dec. 31, 2021 |
|---|---|---|
| Property, Plant and Equipment | ||
| Finance lease right-of-use assets | $ 3,353 | $ 2,840 |
| Property and equipment, gross | 104,493 | 77,889 |
| Less: Accumulated depreciation | (24,975) | (20,080) |
| Property and equipment, net | 79,518 | 57,809 |
| Land | ||
| Property, Plant and Equipment | ||
| Property and equipment, gross | 1,874 | 1,688 |
| Servers and network assets | ||
| Property, Plant and Equipment | ||
| Property and equipment, gross | 34,330 | 25,584 |
| Buildings | ||
| Property, Plant and Equipment | ||
| Property and equipment, gross | 27,720 | 22,531 |
| Leasehold improvements | ||
| Property, Plant and Equipment | ||
| Property and equipment, gross | 6,522 | 5,795 |
| Equipment and other | ||
| Property, Plant and Equipment | ||
| Property and equipment, gross | 5,642 | 4,764 |
| Construction in progress | ||
| Property, Plant and Equipment | ||
| Property and equipment, gross | $ 25,052 | $ 14,687 |
Property and Equipment - Narrative (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions |
12 Months Ended | ||
|---|---|---|---|
Dec. 31, 2022 |
Dec. 31, 2021 |
Dec. 31, 2020 |
|
| Summary of Accounting Policies | |||
| Depreciation | $ 8,500 | $ 7,560 | $ 6,390 |
| Data Center Assets | |||
| Summary of Accounting Policies | |||
| Restructuring charges | 1,341 | 0 | 0 |
| Leasehold improvements | |||
| Summary of Accounting Policies | |||
| Restructuring charges | 508 | ||
| Servers and network assets | |||
| Summary of Accounting Policies | |||
| Construction in progress | 2,180 | ||
| Depreciation | $ 5,290 | $ 4,940 | $ 4,380 |
Leases - Components of Lease Cost and Supplementary Info (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions |
12 Months Ended | ||
|---|---|---|---|
Dec. 31, 2022 |
Dec. 31, 2021 |
Dec. 31, 2020 |
|
| Finance lease cost: | |||
| Amortization of right-of-use assets | $ 380 | $ 344 | $ 259 |
| Interest | 16 | 15 | 14 |
| Operating lease cost | 1,857 | 1,540 | 1,391 |
| Variable lease cost and other, net | 363 | 272 | 269 |
| Total lease cost | $ 2,616 | $ 2,171 | $ 1,933 |
Leases - Narrative (Details) $ in Millions |
12 Months Ended |
|---|---|
|
Dec. 31, 2022
USD ($)
| |
| Lessee, Lease, Description [Line Items] | |
| Operating lease not yet commenced | $ 8,360 |
| Finance lease not yet commenced | 1,430 |
| Operating Lease, ROU Asset | |
| Lessee, Lease, Description [Line Items] | |
| Restructuring charges | $ 1,710 |
| Minimum | |
| Lessee, Lease, Description [Line Items] | |
| Lease not yet commenced, term | 1 year |
| Maximum | |
| Lessee, Lease, Description [Line Items] | |
| Lease not yet commenced, term | 30 years |
Leases - Lease, Balance Sheet Information (Details) |
Dec. 31, 2022 |
Dec. 31, 2021 |
|---|---|---|
| Weighted-average remaining lease term: | ||
| Finance leases | 14 years 4 months 24 days | 13 years 10 months 24 days |
| Operating leases | 12 years 6 months | 13 years |
| Weighted-average discount rate: | ||
| Finance leases | 3.10% | 2.70% |
| Operating leases | 3.20% | 2.80% |
Leases - Schedule of Maturities of Lease Liabilities (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions |
Dec. 31, 2022 |
Dec. 31, 2021 |
|---|---|---|
| Operating Leases | ||
| 2023 | $ 1,739 | |
| 2024 | 2,034 | |
| 2025 | 1,771 | |
| 2026 | 1,723 | |
| 2027 | 1,699 | |
| Thereafter | 11,801 | |
| Total undiscounted cash flows | 20,767 | |
| Less: Imputed interest | (4,099) | |
| Present value of lease liabilities | 16,668 | |
| Lease liabilities, current | 1,367 | $ 1,127 |
| Lease liabilities, non current | 15,301 | $ 12,746 |
| Finance Leases | ||
| 2023 | 146 | |
| 2024 | 57 | |
| 2025 | 57 | |
| 2026 | 53 | |
| 2027 | 52 | |
| Thereafter | 460 | |
| Total undiscounted cash flows | 825 | |
| Less: Imputed interest | (138) | |
| Present value of lease liabilities | 687 | |
| Lease liabilities, current | 129 | |
| Lease liabilities, non current | $ 558 | |
| Finance Lease, Liability, Current, Statement of Financial Position [Extensible Enumeration] | Accrued expenses and other current liabilities | |
| Finance Lease, Liability, Noncurrent, Statement of Financial Position [Extensible Enumeration] | Other liabilities |
Leases - Schedule of Supplemental Cash Flow (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions |
12 Months Ended | ||
|---|---|---|---|
Dec. 31, 2022 |
Dec. 31, 2021 |
Dec. 31, 2020 |
|
| Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities: | |||
| Operating cash flows for operating leases | $ 1,654 | $ 1,406 | $ 1,208 |
| Operating cash flows for finance leases | 16 | 15 | 14 |
| Financing cash flows for finance leases | 850 | 677 | 604 |
| Lease liabilities arising from obtaining right-of-use assets: | |||
| Operating leases | 4,366 | 4,466 | 1,158 |
| Finance leases | $ 223 | $ 160 | $ 121 |
Acquisitions, Goodwill, and Intangible Assets - Narrative (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions |
12 Months Ended | ||
|---|---|---|---|
Dec. 31, 2022 |
Dec. 31, 2021 |
Dec. 31, 2020 |
|
| Business Acquisition [Line Items] | |||
| Goodwill | $ 20,306 | $ 19,197 | $ 19,050 |
| Amortization expense | 185 | $ 407 | $ 473 |
| Several Business Acquisitions | |||
| Business Acquisition [Line Items] | |||
| Consideration transferred | 1,230 | ||
| Assets acquired | 317 | ||
| Goodwill | 1,140 | ||
| Liabilities assumed | $ 223 | ||
Acquisitions, Goodwill, and Intangible Assets - Schedule of Amortization Expense (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions |
Dec. 31, 2022 |
Dec. 31, 2021 |
|---|---|---|
| Finite-Lived Intangible Assets, Amortization Expense, Maturity Schedule [Abstract] | ||
| 2023 | $ 153 | |
| 2024 | 126 | |
| 2025 | 83 | |
| 2026 | 44 | |
| 2027 | 27 | |
| Thereafter | 82 | |
| Net Carrying Amount | $ 515 | $ 368 |
Long-term Debt - Narrative (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions |
1 Months Ended | 12 Months Ended | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
Aug. 31, 2022 |
Dec. 31, 2022 |
Dec. 31, 2021 |
Dec. 31, 2020 |
|
| Debt Instrument | ||||
| Proceeds from issuance of long-term debt, net | $ 9,921 | $ 0 | $ 0 | |
| Interest expense recognized on debt | 160 | |||
| Senior Notes | ||||
| Debt Instrument | ||||
| Debt instrument, face amount | $ 10,000 | |||
| Proceeds from issuance of long-term debt, net | $ 9,920 | |||
| Senior Notes | Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2) | Estimate of Fair Value Measurement | ||||
| Debt Instrument | ||||
| Long-term debt, fair value | $ 8,630 | |||
Long-term Debt - Schedule of Carrying Values and Estimated Fair Values of Debt Instruments (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions |
Dec. 31, 2022 |
Dec. 31, 2021 |
|---|---|---|
| Debt Instrument | ||
| Total face amount of long-term debt | $ 10,000 | |
| Unamortized discount and issuance costs, net | (77) | |
| Long-term debt | $ 9,923 | $ 0 |
| Senior Unsecured Notes Due 2027 | ||
| Debt Instrument | ||
| Stated Interest Rate | 3.50% | |
| Effective Interest Rate | 3.63% | |
| Total face amount of long-term debt | $ 2,750 | |
| Senior Unsecured Notes Due 2032 | ||
| Debt Instrument | ||
| Stated Interest Rate | 3.85% | |
| Effective Interest Rate | 3.92% | |
| Total face amount of long-term debt | $ 3,000 | |
| Senior Unsecured Notes Due 2052 | ||
| Debt Instrument | ||
| Stated Interest Rate | 4.45% | |
| Effective Interest Rate | 4.51% | |
| Total face amount of long-term debt | $ 2,750 | |
| Senior Unsecured Notes Due 2062 | ||
| Debt Instrument | ||
| Stated Interest Rate | 4.65% | |
| Effective Interest Rate | 4.71% | |
| Total face amount of long-term debt | $ 1,500 |
Long-term Debt - Schedule of Maturities of Long-Term Debt (Details) $ in Millions |
Dec. 31, 2022
USD ($)
|
|---|---|
| Debt Disclosure [Abstract] | |
| 2023 through 2026 | $ 0 |
| 2027 | 2,750 |
| Thereafter | 7,250 |
| Total face amount of long-term debt | $ 10,000 |
Liabilities - Schedule of Accrued Expenses and Other Current Liabilities (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions |
Dec. 31, 2022 |
Dec. 31, 2021 |
|---|---|---|
| Payables and Accruals [Abstract] | ||
| Legal-related accruals | $ 4,795 | $ 3,254 |
| Accrued compensation and benefits | 4,591 | 3,152 |
| Accrued property and equipment | 2,921 | 1,392 |
| Accrued taxes | 2,339 | 1,256 |
| Other current liabilities | 4,906 | 5,819 |
| Accrued expenses and other current liabilities | $ 19,552 | $ 14,873 |
Liabilities - Schedule of Other Liabilities (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions |
Dec. 31, 2022 |
Dec. 31, 2021 |
|---|---|---|
| Other Liabilities [Abstract] | ||
| Income tax payable | $ 6,645 | $ 5,938 |
| Other non-current liabilities | 1,119 | 1,289 |
| Other liabilities | $ 7,764 | $ 7,227 |
Commitments and Contingencies - Narrative (Details) $ in Millions |
1 Months Ended | 12 Months Ended | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Dec. 22, 2022
USD ($)
|
Jul. 27, 2018
claim
|
Jan. 31, 2023
USD ($)
|
Apr. 30, 2020
USD ($)
|
Dec. 31, 2022
USD ($)
schoolDistrict
|
|
| Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure | |||||
| Non-cancelable contractual commitment | $ 19,910 | ||||
| Total estimated spend, purchase commitment | $ 10,340 | ||||
| Commitment period | 5 years | ||||
| Number of class actions filed | claim | 2 | ||||
| Litigation settlement, payment to other party | $ 725 | ||||
| Number of school districts that filed public nuisance claims | schoolDistrict | 3 | ||||
| Subsequent Event | |||||
| Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure | |||||
| Total estimated spend, purchase commitment | $ 1,600 | ||||
| United States Federal Trade Commission Inquiry | |||||
| Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure | |||||
| Loss contingency accrual, payments | $ 5,000 | ||||
Commitments and Contingencies - Contractual Commitments (Details) $ in Millions |
Dec. 31, 2022
USD ($)
|
|---|---|
| Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure [Abstract] | |
| 2023 | $ 13,203 |
| 2024 | 2,295 |
| 2025 | 1,434 |
| 2026 | 265 |
| 2027 | 209 |
| Thereafter | 2,504 |
| Total | $ 19,910 |
Stockholders' Equity - Common Stock Narrative (Details) |
Dec. 31, 2022
vote
$ / shares
shares
|
Dec. 31, 2021
$ / shares
shares
|
|---|---|---|
| Class of Stock | ||
| Common stock, par value (in dollars per share) | $ / shares | $ 0.000006 | $ 0.000006 |
| Class A Common Stock | ||
| Class of Stock | ||
| Common stock, shares authorized (in shares) | 5,000,000,000 | 5,000,000,000 |
| Common stock, par value (in dollars per share) | $ / shares | $ 0.000006 | |
| Common stock, number of votes by class | vote | 1 | |
| Common stock, shares, issued (in shares) | 2,247,000,000 | 2,328,000,000 |
| Common stock, shares, outstanding (in shares) | 2,247,000,000 | 2,328,000,000 |
| Class B | ||
| Class of Stock | ||
| Common stock, shares authorized (in shares) | 4,141,000,000 | 4,141,000,000 |
| Common stock, par value (in dollars per share) | $ / shares | $ 0.000006 | |
| Common stock, number of votes by class | vote | 10 | |
| Common stock, shares, issued (in shares) | 367,000,000 | 413,000,000 |
| Common stock, shares, outstanding (in shares) | 367,000,000 | 413,000,000 |
Stockholders' Equity - Share Repurchase Program Narrative (Details) - USD ($) shares in Millions, $ in Millions |
12 Months Ended | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
Dec. 31, 2022 |
Dec. 31, 2021 |
Dec. 31, 2020 |
Jan. 31, 2023 |
|
| Class of Stock | ||||
| Remaining authorized repurchase amount | $ 10,870 | $ 38,790 | ||
| Value of shares repurchased | $ 27,926 | $ 44,810 | $ 6,298 | |
| Subsequent Event | ||||
| Class of Stock | ||||
| Shares authorized for repurchase (in shares) | 40,000 | |||
| Class A Common Stock | ||||
| Class of Stock | ||||
| Shares repurchased (in shares) | 161 | |||
Stockholders' Equity - Share-based Compensation Plans Narrative (Details) |
Mar. 01, 2023
shares
|
Jan. 01, 2023
shares
|
Dec. 31, 2022
shareBasedCompensationPlan
shares
|
|---|---|---|---|
| Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award | |||
| Share-based employee compensation plans, number | shareBasedCompensationPlan | 1 | ||
| Subsequent Event | |||
| Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award | |||
| Shares reserved for issuance (in shares) | 425,000,000 | 56,000,000 | |
| 2012 Plan | |||
| Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award | |||
| 2012 equity incentive plan shares reserved for future issuance (in shares) | 66,000,000 | ||
| Shares reserved for issuance increase (in percentage) | 2.50% |
Stockholders' Equity - RSU Award Activity (Details) - Restricted Stock Units (RSUs) - $ / shares shares in Thousands |
12 Months Ended | ||
|---|---|---|---|
Dec. 31, 2022 |
Dec. 31, 2021 |
Dec. 31, 2020 |
|
| Number of Shares | |||
| Unvested at beginning of period (in shares) | 98,848 | ||
| Granted (in shares) | 106,693 | ||
| Vested (in shares) | (54,013) | ||
| Forfeited (in shares) | (24,418) | ||
| Unvested at end of period (in shares) | 127,110 | 98,848 | |
| Weighted-Average Grant Date Fair Value Per Share | |||
| Unvested at beginning of period (in dollars per share) | $ 244.32 | ||
| Granted (in dollars per share) | 195.66 | $ 305.40 | $ 188.73 |
| Vested (in dollars per share) | 218.24 | ||
| Forfeited (in dollars per share) | 231.98 | ||
| Unvested at end of period (in dollars per share) | $ 216.93 | $ 244.32 | |
Stockholders' Equity - Additional Award Disclosures Narrative (Details) - USD ($) $ / shares in Units, $ in Millions |
12 Months Ended | ||
|---|---|---|---|
Dec. 31, 2022 |
Dec. 31, 2021 |
Dec. 31, 2020 |
|
| Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award | |||
| Future period share-based compensation expense | $ 26,010 | ||
| Future period share-based compensation expense period of recognition (in years) | 3 years | ||
| Restricted Stock Units (RSUs) | |||
| Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award | |||
| Granted (in dollars per share) | $ 195.66 | $ 305.40 | $ 188.73 |
| Fair value of vested RSUs | $ 9,440 | $ 14,420 | $ 9,380 |
| Income tax benefit from RSUs vested | $ 2,000 | $ 3,080 | $ 1,810 |
Interest and Other Income (Expense), Net (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions |
12 Months Ended | ||
|---|---|---|---|
Dec. 31, 2022 |
Dec. 31, 2021 |
Dec. 31, 2020 |
|
| Nonoperating Income (Expense) [Abstract] | |||
| Interest income, net | $ 276 | $ 461 | $ 672 |
| Foreign currency exchange losses, net | (81) | (140) | (129) |
| Other income (expense), net | (320) | 210 | (34) |
| Interest and other income (expense), net | $ (125) | $ 531 | $ 509 |
Income Taxes - Schedule for Income Before Income Tax (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions |
12 Months Ended | ||
|---|---|---|---|
Dec. 31, 2022 |
Dec. 31, 2021 |
Dec. 31, 2020 |
|
| Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract] | |||
| Domestic | $ 25,025 | $ 43,669 | $ 24,233 |
| Foreign | 3,794 | 3,615 | 8,947 |
| Income before provision for income taxes | $ 28,819 | $ 47,284 | $ 33,180 |
Income Taxes - Schedule of Provision for Income Taxes (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions |
12 Months Ended | ||
|---|---|---|---|
Dec. 31, 2022 |
Dec. 31, 2021 |
Dec. 31, 2020 |
|
| Current: | |||
| Federal | $ 6,094 | $ 4,971 | $ 3,297 |
| State | 874 | 548 | 523 |
| Foreign | 1,928 | 1,786 | 1,211 |
| Total current tax expense | 8,896 | 7,305 | 5,031 |
| Deferred: | |||
| Federal | (2,776) | 585 | (859) |
| State | (405) | 43 | (122) |
| Foreign | (96) | (19) | (16) |
| Total deferred tax (benefits)/expense | (3,277) | 609 | (997) |
| Provision for income taxes | $ 5,619 | $ 7,914 | $ 4,034 |
Income Taxes - Schedule of Effective Income Tax Rate Reconciliation (Details) |
12 Months Ended | ||
|---|---|---|---|
Dec. 31, 2022 |
Dec. 31, 2021 |
Dec. 31, 2020 |
|
| Effective Income Tax Rate, Continuing Operations, Tax Rate Reconciliation [Abstract] | |||
| U.S. federal statutory income tax rate | 21.00% | 21.00% | 21.00% |
| State income taxes, net of federal benefit | 1.00% | 1.00% | 0.80% |
| Share-based compensation | 0.026 | (0.017) | (0.014) |
| Research and development tax credits | (2.40%) | (1.30%) | (1.30%) |
| Foreign-derived intangible income deduction | (7.00%) | (3.50%) | (1.90%) |
| Effect of non-U.S. operations | 3.00% | 0.90% | (2.40%) |
| Research and development capitalization | 0.00% | 0.00% | (3.00%) |
| Other | 1.30% | 0.30% | 0.40% |
| Effective tax rate | 19.50% | 16.70% | 12.20% |
Income Taxes - Schedule of Deferred Tax Assets and Liabilities (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions |
Dec. 31, 2022 |
Dec. 31, 2021 |
|---|---|---|
| Deferred tax assets: | ||
| Loss carryforwards | $ 234 | $ 2,443 |
| Tax credit carryforwards | 1,576 | 1,385 |
| Share-based compensation | 368 | 319 |
| Accrued expenses and other liabilities | 1,627 | 1,195 |
| Lease liabilities | 3,200 | 2,597 |
| Capitalized research and development | 8,175 | 1,691 |
| Unrealized losses in securities and investments | 489 | 0 |
| Other | 621 | 449 |
| Total deferred tax assets | 16,290 | 10,079 |
| Less: valuation allowance | (2,493) | (1,586) |
| Deferred tax assets, net of valuation allowance | 13,797 | 8,493 |
| Deferred tax liabilities: | ||
| Depreciation and amortization | (6,296) | (4,425) |
| Right-of-use assets | (2,555) | (2,339) |
| Total deferred tax liabilities | (8,851) | (6,764) |
| Net deferred tax assets | $ 4,946 | $ 1,729 |
Income Taxes - Schedule of Unrecognized Tax Benefits (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions |
12 Months Ended | ||
|---|---|---|---|
Dec. 31, 2022 |
Dec. 31, 2021 |
Dec. 31, 2020 |
|
| Reconciliation of Unrecognized Tax Benefits | |||
| Gross unrecognized tax benefits ‑ beginning of period | $ 9,807 | $ 8,692 | $ 7,863 |
| Increases related to prior year tax positions | 210 | 328 | 356 |
| Decreases related to prior year tax positions | (172) | (86) | (253) |
| Increases related to current year tax positions | 1,166 | 963 | 1,045 |
| Decreases related to settlements of prior year tax positions | (254) | (90) | (319) |
| Gross unrecognized tax benefits ‑ end of period | $ 10,757 | $ 9,807 | $ 8,692 |
Segment and Geographical Information - Narrative (Details) |
12 Months Ended |
|---|---|
|
Dec. 31, 2022
segment
| |
| Segment Reporting [Abstract] | |
| Number of reporting segments (in segments) | 2 |
Segment and Geographical Information - Segment Revenue and Income for Operations (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions |
12 Months Ended | ||
|---|---|---|---|
Dec. 31, 2022 |
Dec. 31, 2021 |
Dec. 31, 2020 |
|
| Revenue from External Customer [Line Items] | |||
| Revenue | $ 116,609 | $ 117,929 | $ 85,965 |
| Income (loss) from operations: | 28,944 | 46,753 | 32,671 |
| Family of Apps | |||
| Revenue from External Customer [Line Items] | |||
| Revenue | 114,450 | 115,655 | 84,826 |
| Income (loss) from operations: | 42,661 | 56,946 | 39,294 |
| Reality Labs | |||
| Revenue from External Customer [Line Items] | |||
| Revenue | 2,159 | 2,274 | 1,139 |
| Income (loss) from operations: | $ (13,717) | $ (10,193) | $ (6,623) |
Segment and Geographical Information - Schedule of Property and Equipment (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions |
Dec. 31, 2022 |
Dec. 31, 2021 |
|---|---|---|
| Long-Lived Assets, by Geographical Area [Line Items] | ||
| Long-lived assets | $ 92,191 | $ 69,964 |
| United States | ||
| Long-Lived Assets, by Geographical Area [Line Items] | ||
| Long-lived assets | 76,334 | 55,497 |
| Rest of the world | ||
| Long-Lived Assets, by Geographical Area [Line Items] | ||
| Long-lived assets | $ 15,857 | $ 14,467 |