PENUMBRA INC, 10-Q filed on 11/7/2017
Quarterly Report
Document and Entity Information
9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2017
Oct. 17, 2017
Document and Entity Information [Abstract]
 
 
Entity Registrant Name
Penumbra Inc 
 
Entity Central Index Key
0001321732 
 
Current Fiscal Year End Date
--12-31 
 
Entity Filer Category
Large Accelerated Filer 
 
Document Type
10-Q 
 
Document Period End Date
Sep. 30, 2017 
 
Document Fiscal Year Focus
2017 
 
Document Fiscal Period Focus
Q3 
 
Amendment Flag
false 
 
Entity Common Stock, Shares Outstanding
 
33,938,594 
Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets (USD $)
In Thousands, unless otherwise specified
Sep. 30, 2017
Dec. 31, 2016
Current assets:
 
 
Cash and cash equivalents
$ 65,621 
$ 13,236 
Marketable investments
153,203 
115,517 
Accounts receivable, net of doubtful accounts of $1,066 and $684 at September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, respectively.
47,964 
43,335 
Inventories
90,529 
73,012 
Prepaid expenses and other current assets
14,464 
18,727 
Total current assets
371,781 
263,827 
Property, Plant and Equipment, Net
28,259 
21,464 
Intangible Assets, Net (Excluding Goodwill)
23,821 
Goodwill
7,449 
Deferred taxes
22,503 
22,476 
Other non-current assets
5,281 
487 
Total assets
459,094 
308,254 
Current liabilities:
 
 
Accounts payable
5,768 
4,110 
Accrued liabilities
45,312 
31,690 
Total current liabilities
51,080 
35,800 
Deferred rent
6,065 
5,083 
Other non-current liabilities
18,117 
824 
Total liabilities
75,262 
41,707 
Commitments and contingencies
   
   
Stockholders’ equity:
 
 
Common stock
33 
31 
Additional paid-in capital
389,682 
273,865 
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)
1,204 
(4,688)
Accumulated deficit
(7,087)
(2,661)
Total stockholders’ equity
383,832 
266,547 
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity
$ 459,094 
$ 308,254 
Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets (Parenthetical) (USD $)
In Thousands, unless otherwise specified
Sep. 30, 2017
Dec. 31, 2016
Statement of Financial Position [Abstract]
 
 
Allowance for doubtful accounts
$ 1,066 
$ 684 
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income (USD $)
In Thousands, except Share data, unless otherwise specified
3 Months Ended 9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2017
Sep. 30, 2016
Sep. 30, 2017
Sep. 30, 2016
Income Statement [Abstract]
 
 
 
 
Revenue
$ 83,911 
$ 67,187 
$ 237,713 
$ 190,212 
Cost of revenue
29,134 
24,313 
84,298 
65,963 
Gross profit
54,777 
42,874 
153,415 
124,249 
Operating expenses:
 
 
 
 
Research and development
8,132 
6,497 
23,260 
17,762 
Sales, general and administrative
45,962 
37,740 
132,846 
106,685 
Total operating expenses
54,094 
44,237 
156,106 
124,447 
Income (loss) from operations
683 
(1,363)
(2,691)
(198)
Interest income, net
658 
631 
1,926 
1,700 
Other expense, net
(647)
(360)
(1,368)
(856)
Income (loss) before income taxes
694 
(1,092)
(2,133)
646 
Provision for (benefit from) income taxes
456 
(12,998)
2,293 
(16,564)
Net income (loss)
238 
11,906 
(4,426)
17,210 
Foreign currency translation adjustments, net of tax
5,845 
(898)
5,771 
(1,731)
Unrealized gain (loss) on available-for-sale securities, net of tax
54 
(115)
121 
254 
Comprehensive income
6,137 
10,893 
1,466 
15,733 
Net income (loss)
$ 238 
$ 11,906 
$ (4,426)
$ 17,210 
Net (loss) income per share attributable to common stockholders — Basic (in dollars per share)
$ 0.01 
$ 0.39 
$ (0.14)
$ 0.57 
Net (loss) income per share attributable to common stockholders — Diluted (in dollars per share)
$ 0.01 
$ 0.35 
$ (0.14)
$ 0.52 
Weighted average shares used to compute net (loss) income per share attributable to common stockholders — Basic (in shares)
33,446,841 
30,604,384 
32,766,135 
30,269,463 
Weighted average shares used to compute net (loss) income per share attributable to common stockholders — Diluted (in shares)
35,664,272 
33,755,383 
32,766,135 
33,367,618 
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows (USD $)
In Thousands, unless otherwise specified
9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2017
Sep. 30, 2016
CASH FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES:
 
 
Net (loss) income
$ (4,426)
$ 17,210 
Adjustments to reconcile net (loss) income to net cash provided by (used in) operating activities:
 
 
Depreciation and amortization
2,580 
1,809 
Amortization of premium on marketable investments
501 
733 
Stock-based compensation
13,092 
10,800 
Loss on non-marketable equity investments
703 
Inventory write downs
996 
1,190 
Other
474 
65 
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
 
 
Accounts receivable
704 
(7,088)
Inventories
(14,716)
(14,018)
Prepaid expenses and other current and non-current assets
3,303 
(22,895)
Accounts payable
873 
947 
Accrued expenses and other non-current liabilities
9,514 
8,797 
Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities
13,598 
(2,450)
CASH FLOWS FROM INVESTING ACTIVITIES:
 
 
Acquisition of a business, net of cash acquired
(9,253)
Purchase of non-marketable investments
(5,130)
Purchase of marketable investments
(139,317)
(45,027)
Proceeds from sales of marketable investments
28,167 
2,504 
Proceeds from maturities of marketable investments
73,579 
46,081 
Acquisition of intangible assets from a licensing agreement
(2,500)
Purchases of property and equipment
(6,805)
(7,078)
Net cash used in investing activities
(61,259)
(3,520)
CASH FLOWS FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES:
 
 
Proceeds from issuance of common stock, net of issuance cost
106,265 
Proceeds from exercises of stock options
4,244 
2,893 
Proceeds from issuance of stock under employee stock purchase plan
2,914 
3,783 
Payment of employee taxes related to vested restricted stock
(10,569)
(2,024)
Payment of obligations on debt and credit facilities
(940)
Net cash provided by financing activities
101,914 
4,652 
Effect of foreign exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents
(1,868)
(2,373)
Net Increase (Decrease) in Cash and Cash Equivalents
52,385 
(3,691)
CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS—Beginning of period
13,236 
19,547 
CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS—End of period
65,621 
15,856 
NONCASH INVESTING AND FINANCING ACTIVITIES:
 
 
Purchase of property and equipment funded through accounts payable and accrued liabilities
2,933 
2,197 
Acquisition-related contingent consideration and working capital adjustment liabilities
4,897 
Licensing agreement related contingent consideration
$ 12,717 
$ 0 
Organization and Description of Business
Organization and Description of Business
1. Organization and Description of Business
Penumbra, Inc. (the “Company”) is a global healthcare company focused on interventional therapies. The Company designs, develops, manufactures and markets innovative devices and has a broad portfolio of products that addresses challenging medical conditions and significant clinical needs across two major markets, neuro and peripheral vascular. The conditions that the Company’s products address include, among others, ischemic stroke, hemorrhagic stroke and various peripheral vascular conditions that can be treated through thrombectomy and embolization procedures.
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
Basis of Presentation and Consolidation
The accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheet as of September 30, 2017, the condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016, and the condensed consolidated statements of cash flows for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016 are unaudited. The unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements included herein have been prepared by the Company in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“U.S. GAAP”) and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) for interim financial information. Accordingly, they do not include all of the information and notes required by U.S. GAAP for complete financial statements. The condensed consolidated balance sheet as of December 31, 2016 was derived from the audited financial statements as of that date.
The unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared on the same basis as the audited consolidated financial statements and, in the opinion of management, reflect all adjustments of a normal recurring nature considered necessary to state fairly the Company’s financial position as of September 30, 2017, the results of its operations for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016, and the cash flows for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016. The results for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017 are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for the year ending December 31, 2017 or for any other future annual or interim period. Certain changes in presentation were made in the condensed consolidated financial statements for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2016, to conform to the presentation for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017.
The Company elected to early adopt Accounting Standards Update (ASU) 2016-09 in the fourth quarter of 2016 which requires the Company to reflect any adjustments as of January 1, 2016, the beginning of the annual period that includes the interim period of adoption. The impact of adoption was the creation of deferred tax assets (“DTAs”) in the balance sheet and recognition of excess tax benefits in our provision for (benefit from) income taxes rather than paid-in capital for all periods in fiscal year 2016. The Company elected to apply the presentation requirements for cash flows related to excess tax benefits retrospectively to all periods presented.
Adoption of the new standard resulted in adjustments to our 2016 unaudited selected financial data previously reported in our Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q as follows:
 
September 30, 2016
(In thousands)
As Previously Reported
 
As Adjusted
Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet Data:
 
 
 
Prepaid expenses and other current assets
$
18,665

 
$
19,209

Total current assets
267,223

 
267,767

Deferred taxes
13,394

 
22,059

Total assets
297,279

 
306,488

Other non-current liabilities
6,081

 
5,540

Total liabilities
43,425

 
42,884

Additional paid-in-capital
275,031

 
267,429

Accumulated deficit
(17,616
)
 
(264
)
Total stockholders equity
253,854

 
263,604

Total liabilities and stockholders equity
297,279

 
306,488

 
Three Months Ended September 30, 2016
 
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2016
(In thousands, except per share amounts)
As Previously Reported
 
As Adjusted
 
As Previously Reported
 
As Adjusted
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations Data:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Provision for (benefit from) income taxes
$
14

 
$
(12,998
)
 
$
787

 
$
(16,564
)
Net (loss) income
$
(1,106
)
 
$
11,906

 
$
(141
)
 
$
17,210

Net (loss) income per share:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Basic
$
(0.04
)
 
$
0.39

 
$
0.00

 
$
0.57

Diluted
$
(0.04
)
 
$
0.35

 
$
0.00

 
$
0.52

Weighted average shares used to compute net (loss) income per share attributable to common stockholders:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Basic
30,604,384

 
30,604,384

 
30,269,463

 
30,269,463

Diluted
30,604,384

 
33,755,383

 
30,269,463

 
33,367,618

 
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2016
(In thousands)
As Previously Reported
 
As Adjusted
Condensed Consolidated Statement of Cash Flow Data:
 
 
 
Net cash used in operating activities
$
(10,051
)
 
$
(2,450
)
Net cash provided by financing activities
$
12,253

 
$
4,652


The information included in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q should be read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements and notes thereto for the year ended December 31, 2016, included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K. During the nine months ended September 30, 2017, the Company added accounting policies for goodwill, contingent consideration, intangible assets and non-marketable equity investments as described below. There have been no other changes to the Company’s significant accounting policies during the nine months ended September 30, 2017, as compared to the significant accounting policies described in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2016.
The condensed consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and its wholly-owned subsidiaries. All intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated.
Use of Estimates
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities and equity accounts; disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements; and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. On an ongoing basis, the Company evaluates its estimates, including those related to marketable investments, provisions for doubtful accounts, sales return reserve, warranty reserve, valuation of inventories, useful lives of property and equipment, income taxes, and contingencies, among others. The Company bases its estimates on historical experience and on various other assumptions that are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other data. Actual results could differ from those estimates.
Goodwill
Goodwill represents the excess of the purchase price of an acquired business or assets over the fair value of the identifiable assets acquired and liabilities assumed. Goodwill is not amortized, but is tested for impairment at least annually, or more frequently if events or circumstances indicate the carrying value may no longer be recoverable and that an impairment loss may have occurred. The Company continues to operate as one segment, which is considered to be the sole reporting unit, and therefore goodwill is tested for impairment at the consolidated level.
As of September 30, 2017, the Company’s goodwill is related to the acquisition of Crossmed S.p.a (“Crossmed”) during the third quarter of 2017. Refer to Note “5. Business Combination” and Note “6. Goodwill and Intangible Assets” for more information.
Contingent Consideration
Certain agreements the Company enters into, including business combinations and licensing agreements, involve the potential payment of future consideration that is contingent upon certain performance and revenue milestones being achieved. Contingent consideration related to business combinations is recorded at the acquisition date at fair value and is remeasured each reporting period with the change in fair value recognized within sales, general and administrative expense in the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income.
As of September 30, 2017, the Company’s contingent consideration related to the acquisition of Crossmed and intangible assets through a licensing agreement. For more information with respect to the fair value of contingent consideration, refer to Note “5. Business Combination” and Note “6. Goodwill and Intangible Assets,” respectively.
Intangible Assets
Intangible assets consist of intangibles acquired through a licensing arrangement and the acquisition of Crossmed during the third quarter of 2017.
Indefinite-lived intangible assets relate to payments and future milestone payments, which are probable and estimable, for an exclusive right to licensed technology. The acquired licensed technology is accounted for as an indefinite-lived intangible asset until it reaches technological feasibility, which is determined on the basis of obtaining regulatory approval to market and commercialize the underlying products. Upon the commercialization of the underlying product, the capitalized amount will be amortized over its estimated useful life. Indefinite-lived intangible assets will be tested for impairment at least annually, or more frequently if events or circumstances indicate their carrying value may no longer be recoverable and that an impairment loss may have occurred.
Finite-lived intangible assets are amortized using the straight-line method over the estimated economic useful lives of the assets, which is the period during which expected cash flows support the fair value of such intangible assets. The Company will review finite-lived intangible assets for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable. When such an event occurs, management will determine whether there has been impairment by comparing the anticipated undiscounted future net cash flows to the related asset group’s carrying value. If an asset is considered impaired, the asset will be written down to the determined fair value based on discounted cash flows. Refer to Note “6. Goodwill and Intangible Assets” for more information on the Company’s intangible assets.
Non-Marketable Equity Investments
Entities in which the Company has at least a 20%, but not more than a 50%, interest are accounted for under the equity method unless it is determined that the Company has a controlling financial interest in the entity, in which case the entity would be consolidated. Non-marketable equity investments are classified as investments and included in other non-current assets on the condensed consolidated balance sheet. The Company’s proportionate share of the operating results of its non-marketable equity method investments are recorded as profit or loss and included as a component of other expense, net, in the condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income. See Note “3. Investments and Fair Value of Financial Instruments” for further details.
Segments
The Company determined its operating segment on the same basis that it uses to evaluate its performance internally. The Company has one business activity: the design, development, manufacturing and marketing of innovative devices, and operates as one operating segment. The Company’s chief operating decision-maker, its Chief Executive Officer, reviews its operating results for the purpose of allocating resources and evaluating financial performance. The Company assigns revenue to a geographic area based on the destination to which it ships its products.
Recent Accounting Guidance
Recently Adopted Accounting Standards
In July 2015, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB”) issued ASU No. 2015-11, Simplifying the Measurement of Inventory, which requires an entity to measure most inventory at the lower of cost and net realizable value, thereby simplifying the current guidance under which an entity must measure inventory at the lower of cost or market. In January 2017, the Company adopted the standard on a prospective basis and the adoption did not have a material impact on its financial position.

Recently Issued Accounting Standards
In May 2014, the FASB issued ASU No. 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers, which outlines a comprehensive new revenue recognition model designed to depict the transfer of promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the entity expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services. In March 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-08, Revenue from Contracts with CustomersPrincipal versus Agent Considerations (Reporting Revenue Gross versus Net), which further clarifies the implementation guidance on principal versus agent considerations contained in ASU No. 2014-09. In April 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-10, Revenue from Contracts with CustomersIdentifying Performance Obligations and Licensing, which further clarifies the implementation guidance relating to identifying performance obligations and the licensing implementation guidance. In May 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-12, Revenue from Contracts with CustomersNarrow-Scope improvements and Practical Expedients, which further clarifies the implementation on narrow scope improvements and practical expedients. In December 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-20, Technical Corrections and Improvements to Topic 606Revenue from Contracts with Customers, which makes minor corrections or minor improvements to the Codification related to ASU No. 2014-09 that are not expected to have a significant effect on the Companys current accounting practice. In September 2017, the FASB issued ASU No. 2017-13, Revenue Recognition (Topic 605), Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606), Leases (Topic 840), and Leases (Topic 842): Amendments to SEC Paragraphs Pursuant to the Staff Announcement at the July 20, 2017 EITF Meeting and Rescission of Prior SEC Staff Announcements and Observer Comments, (“ASU No. 2017-13”) which provides additional clarification and implementation guidance on the previously issued ASU No. 2014-09. These standards will be effective for the Company in the first quarter of 2018 pursuant to ASU No. 2015-14, Revenue from Contracts with Customers-Deferral of the Effective Date, issued by the FASB in August 2015. The Company intends to adopt the new standard on a modified retrospective basis on January 1, 2018. Under this method, the Company will record a cumulative-effect adjustment to the opening balance of retained earnings in the initial year of adoption. The timing of revenue recognition based on the guidance related to transfer of control may result in acceleration of revenue recognition for some contracts. The Company does not expect the impact of the new standard to be material, but it expands financial statement disclosures relating to the nature, amount, timing, and uncertainty of revenue and cash flows arising from contracts with customers. As we continue our assessment through the remainder of 2017, our preliminary assessment is subject to change.

In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-02, Leases, which amends the existing accounting standards for leases. In September 2017, the FASB issued ASU No. 2017-13 which provides additional clarification and implementation guidance on the previously issued ASU No. 2016-02. Under the new guidance, a lessee will be required to recognize a lease liability and right-of-use asset for all leases with terms in excess of twelve months. The new guidance also modifies the classification criteria and accounting for sales-type and direct financing leases, and requires additional disclosures to enable users of financial statements to understand the amount, timing, and uncertainty of cash flows arising from leases. Consistent with current guidance, a lessee’s recognition, measurement, and presentation of expenses and cash flows arising from a lease will continue to depend primarily on its classification. The accounting standard is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018, including interim periods within those fiscal years, and must be applied using a modified retrospective approach. Early adoption is permitted. While the Company is continuing to assess all potential impacts of the standard, it expects that most of its lease commitments will be subject to the updated standard and recognized as lease liabilities and right-of-use assets upon adoption.
In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-13, Financial Instruments-Credit Losses. The standard changes how entities will measure credit losses for most financial assets and certain other instruments that are not measured at fair value through net income. The Company will recognize an allowance for credit losses on available-for-sale securities rather than deductions in amortized cost. The standard is effective for fiscal years and interim periods beginning after December 15, 2019. Early adoption is permitted for all periods beginning after December 15, 2018. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of adopting this standard.
In November 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-18, Statement of Cash Flows: Restricted Cash, a consensus of the FASB Emerging Issues Task Force. The standard requires companies to include amounts generally described as restricted cash and restricted cash equivalents in cash and cash equivalents when reconciling the total beginning and end of period amounts shown on the statement of cash flows. The standard is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2017, and interim periods within those annual periods. The Company does not expect the adoption of ASU 2016-18 to have a material impact on its consolidated financial statements.
In May 2017, the FASB issued ASU No. 2017-09, Compensation-Stock Compensation - Scope of Modification Accounting. The standard provides clarification on when modification accounting should be used for changes to the terms or conditions of a share-based payment award. This standard does not change the accounting for modifications but clarifies that modification accounting guidance should only be applied if there is a change to the value, vesting conditions, or award classification and would not be required if the changes are considered non-substantive. The standard is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2017, and interim periods within those annual periods. Early adoption is permitted. The guidance will be applied prospectively upon adoption. The Company does not expect the adoption of ASU 2017-09 to have a material impact on its consolidated financial statements, however the impact to share-based compensation expense will depend on the terms specified in any new changes to share-based payment awards subsequent to the adoption.
Investments and Fair Value of Financial Instruments
Fair Value of Financial Instruments
3. Investments and Fair Value of Financial Instruments
Marketable Investments
The Company’s marketable investments have been classified and accounted for as available-for-sale. The Company’s marketable investments as of September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016 were as follows (in thousands):
 
 
September 30, 2017
 
 
Amortized Cost
 
Gross
Unrealized
Gains
 
Gross
Unrealized
Losses
 
Fair Value
Commercial paper
 
$
23,471

 
$
2

 
$
(1
)
 
$
23,472

U.S. Treasury
 
9,004

 

 
(4
)
 
9,000

U.S. agency and government sponsored securities
 
3,600

 

 
(8
)
 
3,592

U.S. states and municipalities
 
10,207

 
1

 
(4
)
 
10,204

Corporate bonds
 
106,964

 
48

 
(77
)
 
106,935

Total
 
$
153,246

 
$
51

 
$
(94
)
 
$
153,203

 
 
December 31, 2016
 
 
Amortized Cost
 
Gross
Unrealized
Gains
 
Gross
Unrealized
Losses
 
Fair Value
Commercial paper
 
$
4,237

 
$
1

 
$

 
$
4,238

U.S. Treasury
 
4,996

 

 

 
4,996

U.S. agency and government sponsored securities
 
8,803

 
3

 
(12
)
 
8,794

U.S. states and municipalities
 
27,429

 
1

 
(75
)
 
27,355

Corporate bonds
 
69,009

 
36

 
(120
)
 
68,925

Non-U.S. government debt securities
 
1,209

 

 

 
1,209

Total
 
$
115,683

 
$
41

 
$
(207
)
 
$
115,517


The following tables present the gross unrealized losses and the fair value for those marketable investments that were in an unrealized loss position for less than and more than twelve months as of September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016 (in thousands):
 
 
September 30, 2017
 
 
Less than 12 months
 
12 months or more
 
Total
 
 
Fair Value
 
Gross Unrealized Losses
 
Fair Value
 
Gross Unrealized Losses
 
Fair Value
 
Gross Unrealized Losses
Commercial paper
 
$
10,959

 
$
(1
)
 
$

 
$

 
$
10,959

 
$
(1
)
U.S. Treasury
 
9,000

 
(4
)
 

 

 
9,000

 
(4
)
U.S. agency and government sponsored securities
 
1,600

 

 
1,992

 
(8
)
 
3,592

 
(8
)
U.S. states and municipalities
 
7,184

 
(4
)
 

 

 
7,184

 
(4
)
Corporate bonds
 
49,655

 
(48
)
 
4,168

 
(29
)
 
53,823

 
(77
)
Total
 
$
78,398

 
$
(57
)
 
$
6,160

 
$
(37
)
 
$
84,558

 
$
(94
)
 
 
December 31, 2016
 
 
Less than 12 months
 
 
Fair Value
 
Gross Unrealized Losses
U.S. agency and government sponsored securities
 
$
3,291

 
$
(12
)
U.S. states and municipalities
 
22,286

 
(75
)
Corporate bonds
 
29,748

 
(120
)
Total
 
$
55,325

 
$
(207
)

As of December 31, 2016, there were no securities that had been in a loss position for more than twelve months.
The contractual maturities of the Company’s marketable investments as of September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016 were as follows (in thousands):
 
 
September 30,
2017
 
December 31, 2016
 
 
Fair Value
 
Fair Value
Due in less than one year
 
$
122,829

 
$
71,051

Due in one to five years
 
30,374

 
44,466

Total
 
$
153,203

 
$
115,517


 Non-Marketable Equity Investments
In May 2017, the Company and an unrelated third-party formed a privately-held company, MVI Health Inc. (MVI), with each party holding 50% of the issued and outstanding equity of MVI. The Company accounted for its investment under the equity method and is not required to consolidate MVI under the voting model. As of September 30, 2017, the Company determined that MVI was not a variable interest entity (“VIE”). The Company will reassess in subsequent periods whether MVI becomes a VIE due to changes in facts and circumstances, including changes to the sufficiency of the equity investment at risk, management and governance structure or capital structure. As of September 30, 2017, the carrying value of the non-marketable equity investment was approximately $4.4 million, representing the Company’s contributions to MVI offset by the Company’s share of equity method investee losses. The non-marketable equity method investment is included in other non-current assets on the condensed consolidated balance sheet. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017, MVI recorded a net loss of $1.1 million and $1.4 million, respectively, from operating expenses in the same amounts. The Company reflected its 50% share of investee losses for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017, of $0.5 million and $0.7 million, respectively, as a component of other expense, net, in the condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income. The Company held no non-marketable equity investments in 2016.
Fair Value of Financial Instruments
Fair value is defined as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability (an exit price) in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. The accounting guidance establishes a three-tiered hierarchy, which prioritizes the inputs used in the valuation methodologies in measuring fair value:
Level 1 - Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.
Level 2 - Inputs other than Level 1 that are observable, either directly or indirectly, such as quoted prices in markets that are not active; or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data for substantially the full term of the assets or liabilities.
Level 3 - Unobservable inputs that are supported by little or no market activity and that are significant to the fair value of the assets or liabilities.
The categorization of a financial instrument within the valuation hierarchy is based on the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement.
The Company classifies its cash equivalents and marketable investments within Level 1 and Level 2, as it uses quoted market prices or alternative pricing sources and models utilizing market observable inputs.
The Company determined the fair value of its Level 1 financial instruments, which are traded in active markets, using quoted market prices for identical instruments.
Financial instruments classified within Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy are valued based on other observable inputs, including broker or dealer quotations or alternative pricing sources. When quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities are not available, the Company relies on non-binding quotes from its investment managers, which are based on proprietary valuation models of independent pricing services. These models generally use inputs such as observable market data, quoted market prices for similar instruments, or historical pricing trends of a security relative to its peers. To validate the fair value determination provided by its investment managers, the Company reviews the pricing movement in the context of overall market trends and trading information from its investment managers. In addition, the Company assesses the inputs and methods used in determining the fair value in order to determine the classification of securities in the fair value hierarchy.
The following table sets forth the Company’s financial assets measured at fair value by level within the fair value hierarchy (in thousands):
 
 
As of September 30, 2017
 
 
Level 1
 
Level 2
 
Total Fair Value
Financial Assets
 
 
 
 
 
 
Cash equivalents:
 
 
 
 
 
 
Commercial paper
 
$

 
$
9,084

 
$
9,084

Money market funds
 
9,042

 

 
9,042

U.S. Treasury
 

 

 

U.S. states and municipalities
 

 
6,500

 
6,500

Marketable investments:
 
 
 
 
 
 
Commercial paper
 

 
23,472

 
23,472

U.S. Treasury
 
9,000

 

 
9,000

U.S. agency and government sponsored securities
 

 
3,592

 
3,592

U.S. states and municipalities
 

 
10,204

 
10,204

Corporate bonds
 

 
106,935

 
106,935

Total
 
$
18,042

 
$
159,787


$
177,829

 
 
As of December 31, 2016
 
 
Level 1
 
Level 2
 
Total Fair Value
Financial Assets
 
 
 
 
 
 
Cash equivalents:
 
 
 
 
 
 
Money market funds
 
$
873

 
$

 
$
873

Marketable investments:
 
 
 
 
 
 
Commercial paper
 

 
4,238

 
4,238

U.S. Treasury
 
4,996

 

 
4,996

U.S. agency and government sponsored securities
 

 
8,794

 
8,794

U.S. states and municipalities
 

 
27,355

 
27,355

Corporate bonds
 

 
68,925

 
68,925

Non-U.S. government debt securities
 

 
1,209

 
1,209

Total
 
$
5,869

 
$
110,521

 
$
116,390


During the nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016, the Company did not record impairment charges related to its marketable investments and the Company did not hold any Level 3 marketable investments as of September 30, 2017 or December 31, 2016.
In addition to the amounts presented above, the Company recorded contingent consideration liabilities at fair value during 2017. During the three months ended September 30, 2017, the Company acquired Crossmed and recorded contingent consideration in the amount of $4.3 million. Also during the three months ended September 30, 2017, the Company entered into an exclusive technology license agreement and recorded contingent consideration in the amount of $12.7 million. These contingent consideration liabilities are classified as Level 3 measurements for which fair value is derived from significant unobservable inputs, such as projected revenue and estimates in the timing and likelihood of achieving revenue-based milestones. During the three months ended September 30, 2017, there were no changes in fair value for these contingent consideration liabilities. For more information with respect to the fair value of contingent consideration, refer to Note “5. Business Combination” and Note “6. Goodwill and Intangible Assets,” respectively.
During the nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016, the Company did not have any transfers between Level 1, Level 2 or Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy. Additionally, the Company did not have any financial assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis as of September 30, 2017 or December 31, 2016.
Balance Sheet Components
Balance Sheet Components
4. Balance Sheet Components
Prepaid Expenses and Other Current Assets
The following table shows the components of prepaid expenses and other current assets as of September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016 (in thousands):
 
 
September 30,
2017
 
December 31,
2016
Prepaid tax
 
$
1,023

 
$
4,656

Prepaid expenses
 
5,213

 
4,573

Other current assets
 
8,228

 
9,498

Prepaid expenses and other current assets
 
$
14,464

 
$
18,727



Inventories
The following table shows the components of inventories as of September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016 (in thousands):
 
 
September 30,
2017
 
December 31,
2016
Raw materials
 
$
11,288

 
$
11,367

Work in process
 
6,923

 
3,663

Finished goods
 
72,318

 
57,982

Inventories
 
$
90,529

 
$
73,012


Accrued Liabilities
The following table shows the components of accrued liabilities as of September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016 (in thousands):
 
 
September 30,
2017
 
December 31,
2016
Payroll and employee-related cost
 
$
22,244

 
$
16,956

Sales return reserve
 
3,024

 
2,753

Preclinical and clinical trial cost
 
1,501

 
2,054

Royalty
 
946

 
802

Product warranty
 
1,066

 
1,254

Leasehold improvement expenditures
 
2,904

 
260

Acquisition-related liabilities1
 
3,514

 

Other accrued liabilities
 
10,113

 
7,611

Total accrued liabilities
 
$
45,312

 
$
31,690


 
1 Acquisition-related liabilities consistent of contingent consideration related to the cash milestone payments and working capital adjustment liabilities for the acquisition of Crossmed. Refer to Note “5. Business Combination” for more information.
The following table shows the changes in the Company’s estimated product warranty accrual, included in accrued liabilities, as of September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016 (in thousands):
 
 
September 30,
2017
 
December 31,
2016
Balance at the beginning of the period
 
$
1,254

 
$
713

Accruals of warranties issued
 
289

 
1,176

Settlements of warranty claims
 
(477
)
 
(635
)
Balance at the end of the period
 
$
1,066

 
$
1,254


Other Non-Current Liabilities
The following table shows the components of other non-current liabilities as of September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016 (in thousands):
 
 
September 30,
2017
 
December 31,
2016
Deferred tax liabilities
 
$
3,299

 
$
824

Licensing-related cost1
 
12,717

 

Other non-current liabilities
 
2,101

 

Total other non-current liabilities
 
$
18,117

 
$
824

 
1 Amount relates to the liability recorded for probable future milestone payments to be made under the licensing agreement described in Note “6. Goodwill and Intangible Assets,” refer therein for more information.
Business Combination
Business Combination
5. Business Combination
On July 3, 2017 (the “Closing Date”), the Company completed the acquisition of Crossmed, a joint stock company organized under the laws of Italy. Crossmed is engaged in the business of distributing medical supplies and equipment in Italy, San Marino, the Vatican, and Switzerland. Crossmed was the Company’s exclusive distributor in Italy, San Marino and the Vatican and the acquisition provides the Company with a direct relationship with its customers in these regions. As of the Closing Date, Crossmed became a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Company and is being integrated into the Company’s core business. The acquisition of Crossmed does not result in any changes to the Company’s operating or reportable segment structure and the Company continues to operate as one operating segment.
The following table summarizes the Closing Date fair value of the consideration transferred (in thousands):
Cash, net of working capital and financial debt adjustments
 
$
9,918

Fair value of contingent consideration for milestone payments
 
4,343

Contract purchase price
 
$
14,261

Consideration for settlement of pre-existing receivable due from Crossmed to Penumbra
 
3,273

Total value of consideration transferred
 
$
17,534


Upon the Closing Date, the Company paid the sellers of Crossmed an initial payment of €8.2 million, or approximately $9.4 million, subject to post-closing adjustments for working capital and financial debt. The Company will pay additional consideration in the form of milestone payments based on Crossmed’s net revenue, and may pay additional consideration based on incremental net revenue, for each of the years ending December 31, 2017, 2018 and 2019. There is no limit on the milestone payments that can be paid out. The Company recorded a current and non-current liability in the amount of $3.0 million and $1.3 million as of September 30, 2017, respectively, for the fair value of contingent consideration related to the cash milestone payments. The contingent consideration is classified as a Level 3 measurement for which fair value is derived from inputs that are unobservable and significant to the overall fair value measurement. The fair value of such milestone payments is estimated using a Monte Carlo simulation model that utilizes key assumptions including forecasted revenues during the earn-out period and revenue and asset volatilities. The fair value of the contingent consideration liability will be evaluated each reporting period and changes in its fair value will be included in the Company’s results of operations. There were no changes to the Closing Date fair value of the contingent consideration during the three months ended September 30, 2017.
The preliminary allocation of the purchase price was based upon a preliminary valuation and the Company’s estimates and assumptions are subject to change within the measurement period (generally one year from the Closing Date).
The following table presents the preliminary allocation of the purchase price for Crossmed (in thousands):
 
 
Acquisition-Date Fair Value
Estimated Useful Life of Finite-Lived Intangible Assets
Tangible assets acquired and (liabilities) assumed:
 
 
 
Accounts receivable
 
$
4,406

 
Inventories
 
1,343

 
Other current and non-current assets
 
1,316

 
Property and equipment, net
 
829

 
Accounts payable
 
(740
)
 
Accrued liabilities and obligations for short-term debt and credit facilities
 
(2,164
)
 
Deferred tax liabilities
 
(2,472
)
 
Other non-current liabilities
 
(797
)
 
Intangible assets acquired:
 
 
 
Customer relationships
 
$
6,790

15 years
Other
 
1,750

5 years
Goodwill
 
7,273

 
Total purchase price
 
$
17,534

 

Acquired intangible assets are classified as Level 3 measurements for which fair value is derived from valuations based on inputs that are unobservable and significant to the overall fair value measurement. The Company used the income approach, specifically the discounted cash flow method and the incremental cash flow approach, to derive the fair value of the customer relationships and other intangible assets. Customer relationships are direct relationships with physicians and hospitals performing procedures with the distributed products. Other intangibles consists of non-Penumbra supplier relationships and sub-distributor relationships with third parties used to sell products, both as of the Closing Date. The intangible assets are amortized on a straight-line basis over their assigned estimated useful lives. The acquired intangible assets will not be amortized for tax purposes. As a result, a $2.5 million deferred tax liability was recorded as of September 30, 2017.
The goodwill arising from the Crossmed acquisition is primarily attributed to expected synergies from future growth and assembled workforce. Goodwill will not be deductible for tax purposes.
The amount of Crossmed’s net revenue and net loss included in the Company’s condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income was $2.7 million and $0.3 million, respectively, for each of the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017
The following table presents certain unaudited pro forma information, for illustrative purposes only, for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017, as if Crossmed had been acquired on January 1, 2016. The unaudited estimated pro forma information combines the historical results of Crossmed with the Company’s consolidated historical results and includes certain adjustments reflecting the estimated impact of fair value adjustments for the respective periods. The pro forma information is not indicative of what would have occurred had the acquisition taken place on January 1, 2016 and is not indicative of the Company’s future consolidated results. Additionally, the pro forma financial information does not include the impact of possible business model changes and does not reflect pro forma adjustments to conform accounting policies between Crossmed and the Company. The unaudited pro forma information is presented below (unaudited, in thousands):
 
 
Three Months Ended September 30,
 
Nine Months Ended September 30,
 
 
2017
 
2016
 
2017
 
2016
Pro forma net revenue
 
$
83,911

 
$
68,012

 
$
240,506

 
$
193,521

Pro forma net income (loss)
 
238

 
11,950

 
(4,695
)
 
17,020

Goodwill and Intangible Assets
Goodwill and Intangible Assets
6. Goodwill and Intangible Assets
Goodwill
The following table presents the changes in goodwill during the nine months ended September 30, 2017 (in thousands):
 
 
Total Company
Balance as of December 31, 2016
 
$

Acquisition of Crossmed(1)
 
7,273

Foreign currency translation
 
176

Balance as of September 30, 2017
 
$
7,449

 
1 Goodwill includes a $2.5 million adjustment for the relative impact of recording the deferred tax liability associated with the acquired intangible assets of Crossmed. Refer to Note “5. Business Combination” for more information.
Goodwill is not amortized, but will be tested for impairment at least annually in the fourth quarter, or more frequently if events or circumstances indicate the carrying value may no longer be recoverable and that an impairment loss may have occurred.
Acquired Intangible Assets
The following table presents details of the Company’s acquired definite-lived and indefinite-lived intangible assets (in thousands, except weighted-average amortization period):
As of September 30, 2017
 
Weighted-Average Amortization Period
 
Gross Carrying Amount
 
Accumulated Amortization
 
Net
Customer relationships
 
15 years
 
$
7,044

 
$
(168
)
 
$
6,876

Other
 
5 years
 
1,815

 
(87
)
 
1,728

Total intangible assets subject to amortization
 
 
 
$
8,859

 
$
(255
)
 
$
8,604

Intangible assets related to licensed technology
 
 
 
15,217

 

 
15,217

Total intangible assets
 
 
 
$
24,076

 
$
(255
)
 
$
23,821

The total intangible assets subject amortization relate to the acquisition of Crossmed during the third quarter of 2017. During both the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017, the Company recorded amortization expense of $0.3 million in sales, general and administrative expense related to the Company’s finite-lived intangible assets. Refer to Note “5. Business Combination for more information.
Licensed technology
During the third quarter of 2017, the Company entered into an exclusive technology license agreement (the “License Agreement”) that required the Company to pay an upfront payment to the licensor of $2.5 million and future revenue milestone-based payments on sales of products covered by the licensed intellectual property. The Company recorded an intangible asset of $15.2 million and a corresponding liability for the future milestone payments. The licensed technology is accounted for as an indefinite-lived intangible asset. Once regulatory approval is received to market and commercialize products utilizing the underlying technology, the Company will begin amortizing the intangible asset. As of September 30, 2017, the Company has recorded a contingent consideration liability of $12.7 million included in other non-current liabilities on the consolidated balance sheet related to probable future milestone payments under the Licensing Agreement. The contingent consideration is classified as Level 3 measurement for which fair value is derived from valuation based on inputs that are unobservable and significant to the overall fair value measurement. The fair value of such milestone payments is estimated using key assumptions which include projected revenue and estimates in the timing of when the revenue-based milestones are earned. The fair value of the contingent consideration liability will be evaluated each reporting period.
Commitments and Contingencies
Commitments and Contingencies
7. Commitments and Contingencies
Lease Commitments
The Company leases its offices under non-cancelable operating and capital leases that expire at various dates from 2029 to 2031. Rent expense for non-cancelable operating leases with scheduled rent increases is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term. Rent expense for the three months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016 was $1.4 million and $1.4 million, respectively and for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016 was $4.3 million and $3.8 million, respectively. In addition, the Company’s lease commitments also require it to make additional payments during the lease term for taxes, insurance and other operating expenses. The Company leases its other equipment under non-cancelable operating and capital leases that expire at various dates through 2021.
Royalty Obligations
In March 2005, the Company entered into a license agreement that requires the Company to make minimum royalty payments to the licensor on a quarterly basis. As of both September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, the license agreement required minimum annual royalty payments of $0.1 million in equal quarterly installments. On each January 1, the quarterly calendar year minimum royalty will be adjusted to equal the prior year’s minimum royalty adjusted by a percentage equal to the percentage change in the “consumer price index for all urban consumers” for the prior calendar year as reported by the U.S. Department of Labor. Unless terminated earlier, the term of the license agreement will continue until the expiration of the last to expire patent that covers that licensed product or 2022, whichever is longer.
In April 2012, the Company entered into an agreement that requires the Company to pay, on a quarterly basis, a 5% royalty on sales of products covered under applicable patents. Unless the agreement is terminated earlier, the royalty term for each applicable product will continue until the expirations of the applicable patents covering such product or 2029, whichever is longer.
In November 2013, the Company entered into an agreement that requires the Company to pay, on a quarterly basis, a 3% royalty on the first $5 million in sales and a 1% royalty on sales thereafter of products covered under applicable patents. Unless the agreement is terminated earlier, the royalty for each covered product shall continue until 2030.
In April 2015, the Company entered into a royalty agreement that requires the Company to pay, on a quarterly basis, a 2% royalty on sales of certain products covered by the agreement. Unless the royalty agreement is terminated earlier, the royalty term for each covered product shall continue until 2035.
Royalty expense included in cost of revenue for the three months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016 was $1.0 million and $0.7 million, respectively and for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016 was $3.0 million and $2.1 million, respectively.
Contingencies
From time to time, the Company may have certain contingent liabilities that arise in the ordinary course of business. The Company accrues a liability for such matters when it is probable that future expenditures will be made and such expenditures can be reasonably estimated. Refer to Note “5. Business Combination” and Note “6. Goodwill and Intangible Assets” for more information on contingent liabilities recorded on the condensed consolidated balance sheet.
Indemnification
The Company enters into standard indemnification arrangements in the ordinary course of business. In many such arrangements, the Company agrees to indemnify, hold harmless, and reimburse the indemnified parties for losses suffered or incurred by the indemnified parties in connection with any trade secret, copyright, patent or other intellectual property infringement claim by any third-party with respect to the Company’s technology. The Company also agrees to indemnify many purchasers for product defect and similar claims. The term of these indemnification agreements is generally perpetual. The maximum potential amount of future payments the Company could be required to make under these agreements is not determinable because it involves claims that may be made against the Company in the future, but have not yet been made.
The Company has entered into indemnification agreements with its directors and officers that may require the Company to indemnify its directors and officers against liabilities that may arise by reason of their status or service as directors or officers, other than liabilities arising from willful misconduct of the individual.
The Company has not incurred costs to defend lawsuits or settle claims related to these indemnification agreements. No liability associated with any of these indemnification requirements has been recorded to date.
Litigation
The Company was contacted in 2015 by the attorney for a potential product liability claimant who allegedly suffered injuries as a result of an aneurysm procedure in which the Penumbra Coil 400 was used. On February 19, 2016, a complaint for damages was filed on behalf of this claimant against the Company and the hospital involved in the procedure (Montgomery v. Penumbra, Inc., et al., Case No. 16-2-04050-1 SEA, Superior Court of the State of Washington, King County). The suit alleges liability primarily under the Washington Product Liability Act (“WPLA”) and sought both compensatory and punitive damages without a specific damages claim. Based on the Company’s preliminary motion, the punitive damages claim was dismissed in May 2016, along with several of the other causes of actions subsumed by the WPLA. In recent submissions, plaintiffs claimed economic and non-economic damages in an amount substantially in excess of the Company’s insurance coverage. The parties reached a preliminary agreement to settle this matter on confidential terms at a mediation held November 1, 2017. The settlement is subject to finalization and does not have a material financial impact on the Company. If for any reason the settlement is not finalized, the case would continue in the discovery phase, with a trial currently set for April 2018. The Company would continue to vigorously defend the litigation, as the Company believes there are substantial questions regarding causation, liability and damages. If the case proceeds to trial, the results of any jury trial and the damages that a jury might award are inherently uncertain.
From time to time, the Company is subject to other claims and assessments in the ordinary course of business. The Company is not currently a party to any such litigation matter that, individually or in the aggregate, is expected to have a material adverse effect on the Company’s business, financial condition, results of operations or cash flows.
Stockholder's Equity
Stockholder's Equity
8. Stockholders’ Equity
Common Stock
In March 2017, the Company issued and sold an aggregate of 1,495,000 shares of common stock at a public offering price of $76.00 per share, less the underwriters’ discounts and commissions, pursuant to an underwritten public offering. The Company received approximately $106.3 million in net cash proceeds after deducting underwriting discounts and commissions of $6.8 million and other offering expenses of $0.5 million.
Equity Incentive Plans
Stock Options
Activity of stock options under the Penumbra, Inc. 2005 Stock Plan, the Penumbra, Inc. 2011 Equity Incentive Plan and the Amended and Restated Penumbra, Inc. 2014 Equity Incentive Plan (collectively the “Plans”) during the nine months ended September 30, 2017 is set forth below:
 
 
Number of Shares
 
Weighted-Average
Exercise Price
Balance at December 31, 2016
 
2,876,955

 
$
14.63

Options exercised
 
(678,825
)
 
6.21

Options canceled
 
(2,866
)
 
16.98

Balance at September 30, 2017
 
2,195,264

 
17.24

 
Restricted Stock and Restricted Stock Units
Activity of unvested restricted stock and restricted stock units under the Plans during the nine months ended September 30, 2017 is set forth below: 
 
 
Number of Shares
 
Weighted -Average
Grant Date Fair Value
Unvested at December 31, 2016
 
1,002,944

 
$
29.44

Granted
 
99,638

 
80.04

Vested
 
(325,023
)
 
24.79

Canceled/Forfeited
 
(20,687
)
 
45.22

Unvested and expected to vest at September 30, 2017
 
756,872

 
37.67


Stock-based Compensation
The following table sets forth the stock-based compensation expense included in the Company’s condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016 (in thousands):
 
 
Three Months Ended September 30,
 
Nine Months Ended September 30,
 
 
2017
 
2016
 
2017
 
2016
Cost of revenue
 
$
316

 
$
83

 
$
817

 
$
742

Research and development
 
352

 
251

 
913

 
790

Sales, general and administrative
 
3,819

 
3,930

 
11,362

 
9,268

Total
 
$
4,487

 
$
4,264

 
$
13,092

 
$
10,800


As of September 30, 2017, total unrecognized compensation cost was $30.2 million related to unvested share-based compensation arrangements which is expected to be recognized over a weighted average period of 2.4 years.
The total stock-based compensation cost capitalized in inventory was $0.2 million and $0.4 million as of September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, respectively.
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)
9. Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)
Other comprehensive income (loss) consists of two components: unrealized gains or losses on the Company’s available-for-sale marketable investments and gains or losses from foreign currency translation adjustments. Until realized and reported as a component of net income (loss), these comprehensive income (loss) items accumulate and are included within accumulated other comprehensive income (loss). Unrealized gains and losses on the Company’s marketable investments are reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) into earnings when realized upon sale, and are determined based on specific identification of securities sold. Gains and losses from the translation of assets and liabilities denominated in non-U.S. dollar functional currencies are included in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss).
The following table summarizes the changes in the accumulated balances during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016, and includes information regarding the manner in which the reclassifications out of accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) into earnings affect the Company’s condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income (in thousands):
 
 
Three Months Ended September 30, 2017
 
Three Months Ended September 30, 2016
 
 
 Marketable
Investments
 
 Currency Translation
Adjustments
 
 Total
 
 Marketable
Investments
 
 Currency Translation
Adjustments
 
 Total
Balance at beginning of the period
 
$
(38
)
 
$
(4,657
)
 
$
(4,695
)
 
$
206

 
$
(2,785
)
 
$
(2,579
)
Other comprehensive income before reclassifications:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Unrealized gains (losses) — marketable investments
 
54

 

 
54

 
(178
)
 

 
(178
)
Foreign currency translation gains (losses)
 

 
5,845

 
5,845

 

 
(901
)
 
(901
)
Income tax effect — benefit
 

 

 

 
63

 
3

 
66

Net of tax
 
54

 
5,845

 
5,899

 
(115
)
 
(898
)
 
(1,013
)
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income to earnings:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Realized losses — marketable investments
 

 

 

 
1

 

 
1

Income tax effect — expense
 

 

 

 
(1
)
 

 
(1
)
Net of tax
 

 

 

 

 

 

Net current-year other comprehensive income (loss)
 
54

 
5,845

 
5,899

 
(115
)
 
(898
)
 
(1,013
)
Balance at end of the period
 
$
16

 
$
1,188

 
$
1,204

 
$
91

 
$
(3,683
)
 
$
(3,592
)

 
 
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2017
 
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2016
 
 
 Marketable
Investments
 
 Currency Translation
Adjustments
 
 Total
 
 Marketable
Investments
 
 Currency Translation
Adjustments
 
 Total
Balance at beginning of the period
 
$
(105
)
 
$
(4,583
)
 
$
(4,688
)
 
$
(163
)
 
$
(1,952
)
 
$
(2,115
)
Other comprehensive income before reclassifications:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Unrealized gains —marketable investments
 
157

 

 
157

 
401

 

 
401

Foreign currency translation gains (losses)
 

 
5,771

 
5,771

 

 
(1,732
)
 
(1,732
)
Income tax effect — (expense) benefit
 

 

 

 
(145
)
 
1

 
(144
)
Net of tax
 
157

 
5,771

 
5,928

 
256

 
(1,731
)
 
(1,475
)
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income to earnings:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Realized gains — marketable investments
 
(36
)
 

 
(36
)
 
(3
)
 

 
(3
)
Income tax effect — benefit
 

 

 

 
1

 

 
1

Net of tax
 
(36
)
 

 
(36
)
 
(2
)
 

 
(2
)
Net current-year other comprehensive income (loss)
 
121

 
5,771

 
5,892

 
254

 
(1,731
)
 
(1,477
)
Balance at end of the period
 
$
16

 
$
1,188

 
$
1,204

 
$
91

 
$
(3,683
)
 
$
(3,592
)
Income Taxes
Income Taxes
10. Income Taxes
The Company’s income tax expense, DTAs and liabilities, and reserves for unrecognized tax benefits reflect management’s best assessment of estimated current and future taxes to be paid. The Company is subject to income taxes in both the United States and foreign jurisdictions. Significant judgment and estimates are required in determining the consolidated income tax expense.
During interim periods, the Company generally utilizes the estimated annual effective tax rate method which involves the use of forecasted information. Under this method, the provision is calculated by applying an estimate of the annual effective tax rate for the full fiscal year to “ordinary” income or loss (pretax income or loss excluding unusual or infrequently occurring discrete items) for the reporting period. Jurisdictions with tax assets for which the Company believes a tax benefit cannot be realized are excluded from the computation of its annual effective tax rate. The Company’s effective tax rate changed to 65.7% for the three months ended September 30, 2017, compared to 1,190.3% for the three months ended September 30, 2016. The Company’s effective tax rate changed to (107.5)% for the nine months ended September 30, 2017, compared to (2,564.1)% for the nine months ended September 30, 2016. The change in rate for both reporting periods was primarily attributable to excluding the tax benefits associated with the Company’s U.S. jurisdiction due to the partial valuation allowance recorded against its domestic DTAs as of September 30, 2017, and the year-to-date tax impact associated with intra-entity asset transfers. The effective tax rates for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2016 include the retroactive adoption of ASU 2016-09.
The Company generated significant domestic DTAs in the year ended December 31, 2016 and nine month period ended September 30, 2017, primarily due to the significant excess tax benefits from stock option exercises and vesting of restricted stock upon application of ASU 2016-09 in the third quarter September 30, 2016. The Company assessed its ability to realize the benefits of its domestic DTAs prior to expiration by evaluating all available positive and negative evidence, objective and subjective in nature, including (1) cumulative results of operations in recent years, (2) sources of recent pre-tax losses, (3) estimates of future taxable income, (4) the length of net operating loss (“NOL”) carryforward periods, and (5) the ability to carry back losses to prior years. The Company determined it would be in a three-year cumulative taxable income position, had it not been for the impact of excess tax deductions from stock-based compensation under ASU 2016-09, and attributes recent period operating losses to operating expenses incurred to invest in the future growth of the business. The Company also measured its current DTA balances against estimates of future income based on objectively verifiable operating results from the Company’s recent history, as well as estimates of future income that incorporates the Company’s forecasted operating results for fiscal 2017.
Due to the significant amount of additional stock-based compensation excess tax deductions available upon adoption of ASU 2016-9, the Company could not conclude, at the required more-likely-than-not level of certainty, that sufficient taxable income will be generated to realize the full benefit of its domestic DTAs as of September 30, 2017 prior to expiration. As such, a partial valuation allowance was recorded against the Company’s domestic DTAs as of September 30, 2017 in the amount of $18.6 million, which was approximately the same amount as the stock-based compensation excess tax benefits created during the nine months ended September 30, 2017. The Company will continue to closely monitor the need for an additional valuation allowance against its existing domestic DTAs and any additional DTAs that are generated in each subsequent reporting period, which can be impacted by actual operating results compared to the Company’s forecast.
Consistent with prior periods, the Company maintained a full valuation allowance against its California and Canada DTAs as of September 30, 2017.
Net Income (Loss) per Share
Net Income (Loss) per Share
11. Net Income (Loss) per Share
The Company’s basic net income (loss) per share is calculated by dividing the net income (loss) by the weighted average number of shares of common stock outstanding for the period. The diluted net income (loss) per share is computed by giving effect to all potential dilutive common stock equivalents outstanding for the period. For purposes of this calculation, options to purchase common stock, restricted stock, restricted stock units and stock sold through the Company’s employee stock purchase plan are considered common stock equivalents.
A reconciliation of the numerator and denominator used in the calculation of the basic and diluted income (loss) per share for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016 is as follows (in thousands, except share and per share amounts):
 
 
Three Months Ended September 30,
 
Nine Months Ended September 30,
 
 
2017
 
2016
 
2017
 
2016
Net income (loss) per share:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Numerator
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net income (loss)—basic and diluted
 
$
238

 
$
11,906

 
$
(4,426
)
 
$
17,210

Denominator
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Weighted average shares used to compute net income (loss)
—Basic
 
33,446,841

 
30,604,384

 
32,766,135

 
30,269,463

Potential dilutive stock-based awards, as calculated using treasury stock method
 
2,217,431

 
3,150,999

 

 
3,098,155

Weighted average shares used to compute income (loss)
—Diluted
 
35,664,272

 
33,755,383

 
32,766,135

 
33,367,618

Net income (loss) per share from:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Basic
 
$
0.01

 
$
0.39

 
$
(0.14
)
 
$
0.57

Diluted
 
$
0.01

 
$
0.35

 
$
(0.14
)
 
$
0.52


Outstanding stock-based awards of 21,150 and 166,950 shares for the three months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016, respectively, and 3.0 million and 199,450 shares for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016, respectively, were excluded from the computation of diluted net income (loss) per share because their effect would have been anti-dilutive.
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Policies)
Contingent Consideration
Certain agreements the Company enters into, including business combinations and licensing agreements, involve the potential payment of future consideration that is contingent upon certain performance and revenue milestones being achieved. Contingent consideration related to business combinations is recorded at the acquisition date at fair value and is remeasured each reporting period with the change in fair value recognized within sales, general and administrative expense in the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income.
As of September 30, 2017, the Company’s contingent consideration related to the acquisition of Crossmed and intangible assets through a licensing agreement. For more information with respect to the fair value of contingent consideration, refer to Note “5. Business Combination” and Note “6. Goodwill and Intangible Assets,” respectively.
Basis of Presentation and Consolidation
The accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheet as of September 30, 2017, the condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016, and the condensed consolidated statements of cash flows for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016 are unaudited. The unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements included herein have been prepared by the Company in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“U.S. GAAP”) and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) for interim financial information. Accordingly, they do not include all of the information and notes required by U.S. GAAP for complete financial statements. The condensed consolidated balance sheet as of December 31, 2016 was derived from the audited financial statements as of that date.
The unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared on the same basis as the audited consolidated financial statements and, in the opinion of management, reflect all adjustments of a normal recurring nature considered necessary to state fairly the Company’s financial position as of September 30, 2017, the results of its operations for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016, and the cash flows for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016. The results for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017 are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for the year ending December 31, 2017 or for any other future annual or interim period. Certain changes in presentation were made in the condensed consolidated financial statements for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2016, to conform to the presentation for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017.
The Company elected to early adopt Accounting Standards Update (ASU) 2016-09 in the fourth quarter of 2016 which requires the Company to reflect any adjustments as of January 1, 2016, the beginning of the annual period that includes the interim period of adoption. The impact of adoption was the creation of deferred tax assets (“DTAs”) in the balance sheet and recognition of excess tax benefits in our provision for (benefit from) income taxes rather than paid-in capital for all periods in fiscal year 2016. The Company elected to apply the presentation requirements for cash flows related to excess tax benefits retrospectively to all periods presented.
Adoption of the new standard resulted in adjustments to our 2016 unaudited selected financial data previously reported in our Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q as follows:
 
September 30, 2016
(In thousands)
As Previously Reported
 
As Adjusted
Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet Data:
 
 
 
Prepaid expenses and other current assets
$
18,665

 
$
19,209

Total current assets
267,223

 
267,767

Deferred taxes
13,394

 
22,059

Total assets
297,279

 
306,488

Other non-current liabilities
6,081

 
5,540

Total liabilities
43,425

 
42,884

Additional paid-in-capital
275,031

 
267,429

Accumulated deficit
(17,616
)
 
(264
)
Total stockholders equity
253,854

 
263,604

Total liabilities and stockholders equity
297,279

 
306,488

 
Three Months Ended September 30, 2016
 
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2016
(In thousands, except per share amounts)
As Previously Reported
 
As Adjusted
 
As Previously Reported
 
As Adjusted
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations Data:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Provision for (benefit from) income taxes
$
14

 
$
(12,998
)
 
$
787

 
$
(16,564
)
Net (loss) income
$
(1,106
)
 
$
11,906

 
$
(141
)
 
$
17,210

Net (loss) income per share:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Basic
$
(0.04
)
 
$
0.39

 
$
0.00

 
$
0.57

Diluted
$
(0.04
)
 
$
0.35

 
$
0.00

 
$
0.52

Weighted average shares used to compute net (loss) income per share attributable to common stockholders:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Basic
30,604,384

 
30,604,384

 
30,269,463

 
30,269,463

Diluted
30,604,384

 
33,755,383

 
30,269,463

 
33,367,618

 
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2016
(In thousands)
As Previously Reported
 
As Adjusted
Condensed Consolidated Statement of Cash Flow Data:
 
 
 
Net cash used in operating activities
$
(10,051
)
 
$
(2,450
)
Net cash provided by financing activities
$
12,253

 
$
4,652


The information included in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q should be read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements and notes thereto for the year ended December 31, 2016, included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K. During the nine months ended September 30, 2017, the Company added accounting policies for goodwill, contingent consideration, intangible assets and non-marketable equity investments as described below. There have been no other changes to the Company’s significant accounting policies during the nine months ended September 30, 2017, as compared to the significant accounting policies described in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2016.
The condensed consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and its wholly-owned subsidiaries. All intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated.
Use of Estimates
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities and equity accounts; disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements; and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. On an ongoing basis, the Company evaluates its estimates, including those related to marketable investments, provisions for doubtful accounts, sales return reserve, warranty reserve, valuation of inventories, useful lives of property and equipment, income taxes, and contingencies, among others. The Company bases its estimates on historical experience and on various other assumptions that are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other data. Actual results could differ from those estimates.
Goodwill
Goodwill represents the excess of the purchase price of an acquired business or assets over the fair value of the identifiable assets acquired and liabilities assumed. Goodwill is not amortized, but is tested for impairment at least annually, or more frequently if events or circumstances indicate the carrying value may no longer be recoverable and that an impairment loss may have occurred. The Company continues to operate as one segment, which is considered to be the sole reporting unit, and therefore goodwill is tested for impairment at the consolidated level.
As of September 30, 2017, the Company’s goodwill is related to the acquisition of Crossmed S.p.a (“Crossmed”) during the third quarter of 2017. Refer to Note “5. Business Combination” and Note “6. Goodwill and Intangible Assets” for more information.
Intangible Assets
Intangible assets consist of intangibles acquired through a licensing arrangement and the acquisition of Crossmed during the third quarter of 2017.
Indefinite-lived intangible assets relate to payments and future milestone payments, which are probable and estimable, for an exclusive right to licensed technology. The acquired licensed technology is accounted for as an indefinite-lived intangible asset until it reaches technological feasibility, which is determined on the basis of obtaining regulatory approval to market and commercialize the underlying products. Upon the commercialization of the underlying product, the capitalized amount will be amortized over its estimated useful life. Indefinite-lived intangible assets will be tested for impairment at least annually, or more frequently if events or circumstances indicate their carrying value may no longer be recoverable and that an impairment loss may have occurred.
Finite-lived intangible assets are amortized using the straight-line method over the estimated economic useful lives of the assets, which is the period during which expected cash flows support the fair value of such intangible assets. The Company will review finite-lived intangible assets for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable. When such an event occurs, management will determine whether there has been impairment by comparing the anticipated undiscounted future net cash flows to the related asset group’s carrying value. If an asset is considered impaired, the asset will be written down to the determined fair value based on discounted cash flows. Refer to Note “6. Goodwill and Intangible Assets” for more information on the Company’s intangible assets.
Non-Marketable Equity Investments
Entities in which the Company has at least a 20%, but not more than a 50%, interest are accounted for under the equity method unless it is determined that the Company has a controlling financial interest in the entity, in which case the entity would be consolidated. Non-marketable equity investments are classified as investments and included in other non-current assets on the condensed consolidated balance sheet. The Company’s proportionate share of the operating results of its non-marketable equity method investments are recorded as profit or loss and included as a component of other expense, net, in the condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income. See Note “3. Investments and Fair Value of Financial Instruments” for further details.
Segments
The Company determined its operating segment on the same basis that it uses to evaluate its performance internally. The Company has one business activity: the design, development, manufacturing and marketing of innovative devices, and operates as one operating segment. The Company’s chief operating decision-maker, its Chief Executive Officer, reviews its operating results for the purpose of allocating resources and evaluating financial performance. The Company assigns revenue to a geographic area based on the destination to which it ships its products.
Recent Accounting Guidance
Recently Adopted Accounting Standards
In July 2015, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB”) issued ASU No. 2015-11, Simplifying the Measurement of Inventory, which requires an entity to measure most inventory at the lower of cost and net realizable value, thereby simplifying the current guidance under which an entity must measure inventory at the lower of cost or market. In January 2017, the Company adopted the standard on a prospective basis and the adoption did not have a material impact on its financial position.

Recently Issued Accounting Standards
In May 2014, the FASB issued ASU No. 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers, which outlines a comprehensive new revenue recognition model designed to depict the transfer of promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the entity expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services. In March 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-08, Revenue from Contracts with CustomersPrincipal versus Agent Considerations (Reporting Revenue Gross versus Net), which further clarifies the implementation guidance on principal versus agent considerations contained in ASU No. 2014-09. In April 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-10, Revenue from Contracts with CustomersIdentifying Performance Obligations and Licensing, which further clarifies the implementation guidance relating to identifying performance obligations and the licensing implementation guidance. In May 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-12, Revenue from Contracts with CustomersNarrow-Scope improvements and Practical Expedients, which further clarifies the implementation on narrow scope improvements and practical expedients. In December 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-20, Technical Corrections and Improvements to Topic 606Revenue from Contracts with Customers, which makes minor corrections or minor improvements to the Codification related to ASU No. 2014-09 that are not expected to have a significant effect on the Companys current accounting practice. In September 2017, the FASB issued ASU No. 2017-13, Revenue Recognition (Topic 605), Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606), Leases (Topic 840), and Leases (Topic 842): Amendments to SEC Paragraphs Pursuant to the Staff Announcement at the July 20, 2017 EITF Meeting and Rescission of Prior SEC Staff Announcements and Observer Comments, (“ASU No. 2017-13”) which provides additional clarification and implementation guidance on the previously issued ASU No. 2014-09. These standards will be effective for the Company in the first quarter of 2018 pursuant to ASU No. 2015-14, Revenue from Contracts with Customers-Deferral of the Effective Date, issued by the FASB in August 2015. The Company intends to adopt the new standard on a modified retrospective basis on January 1, 2018. Under this method, the Company will record a cumulative-effect adjustment to the opening balance of retained earnings in the initial year of adoption. The timing of revenue recognition based on the guidance related to transfer of control may result in acceleration of revenue recognition for some contracts. The Company does not expect the impact of the new standard to be material, but it expands financial statement disclosures relating to the nature, amount, timing, and uncertainty of revenue and cash flows arising from contracts with customers. As we continue our assessment through the remainder of 2017, our preliminary assessment is subject to change.

In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-02, Leases, which amends the existing accounting standards for leases. In September 2017, the FASB issued ASU No. 2017-13 which provides additional clarification and implementation guidance on the previously issued ASU No. 2016-02. Under the new guidance, a lessee will be required to recognize a lease liability and right-of-use asset for all leases with terms in excess of twelve months. The new guidance also modifies the classification criteria and accounting for sales-type and direct financing leases, and requires additional disclosures to enable users of financial statements to understand the amount, timing, and uncertainty of cash flows arising from leases. Consistent with current guidance, a lessee’s recognition, measurement, and presentation of expenses and cash flows arising from a lease will continue to depend primarily on its classification. The accounting standard is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018, including interim periods within those fiscal years, and must be applied using a modified retrospective approach. Early adoption is permitted. While the Company is continuing to assess all potential impacts of the standard, it expects that most of its lease commitments will be subject to the updated standard and recognized as lease liabilities and right-of-use assets upon adoption.
In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-13, Financial Instruments-Credit Losses. The standard changes how entities will measure credit losses for most financial assets and certain other instruments that are not measured at fair value through net income. The Company will recognize an allowance for credit losses on available-for-sale securities rather than deductions in amortized cost. The standard is effective for fiscal years and interim periods beginning after December 15, 2019. Early adoption is permitted for all periods beginning after December 15, 2018. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of adopting this standard.
In November 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-18, Statement of Cash Flows: Restricted Cash, a consensus of the FASB Emerging Issues Task Force. The standard requires companies to include amounts generally described as restricted cash and restricted cash equivalents in cash and cash equivalents when reconciling the total beginning and end of period amounts shown on the statement of cash flows. The standard is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2017, and interim periods within those annual periods. The Company does not expect the adoption of ASU 2016-18 to have a material impact on its consolidated financial statements.
In May 2017, the FASB issued ASU No. 2017-09, Compensation-Stock Compensation - Scope of Modification Accounting. The standard provides clarification on when modification accounting should be used for changes to the terms or conditions of a share-based payment award. This standard does not change the accounting for modifications but clarifies that modification accounting guidance should only be applied if there is a change to the value, vesting conditions, or award classification and would not be required if the changes are considered non-substantive. The standard is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2017, and interim periods within those annual periods. Early adoption is permitted. The guidance will be applied prospectively upon adoption. The Company does not expect the adoption of ASU 2017-09 to have a material impact on its consolidated financial statements, however the impact to share-based compensation expense will depend on the terms specified in any new changes to share-based payment awards subsequent to the adoption.
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Tables)
Schedule of New Accounting Pronouncements and Changes in Accounting Principles
Adoption of the new standard resulted in adjustments to our 2016 unaudited selected financial data previously reported in our Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q as follows:
 
September 30, 2016
(In thousands)
As Previously Reported
 
As Adjusted
Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet Data:
 
 
 
Prepaid expenses and other current assets
$
18,665

 
$
19,209

Total current assets
267,223

 
267,767

Deferred taxes
13,394

 
22,059

Total assets
297,279

 
306,488

Other non-current liabilities
6,081

 
5,540

Total liabilities
43,425

 
42,884

Additional paid-in-capital
275,031

 
267,429

Accumulated deficit
(17,616
)
 
(264
)
Total stockholders equity
253,854

 
263,604

Total liabilities and stockholders equity
297,279

 
306,488

 
Three Months Ended September 30, 2016
 
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2016
(In thousands, except per share amounts)
As Previously Reported
 
As Adjusted
 
As Previously Reported
 
As Adjusted
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations Data:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Provision for (benefit from) income taxes
$
14

 
$
(12,998
)
 
$
787

 
$
(16,564
)
Net (loss) income
$
(1,106
)
 
$
11,906

 
$
(141
)
 
$
17,210

Net (loss) income per share:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Basic
$
(0.04
)
 
$
0.39

 
$
0.00

 
$
0.57

Diluted
$
(0.04
)
 
$
0.35

 
$
0.00

 
$
0.52

Weighted average shares used to compute net (loss) income per share attributable to common stockholders:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Basic
30,604,384

 
30,604,384

 
30,269,463

 
30,269,463

Diluted
30,604,384

 
33,755,383

 
30,269,463

 
33,367,618

 
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2016
(In thousands)
As Previously Reported
 
As Adjusted
Condensed Consolidated Statement of Cash Flow Data:
 
 
 
Net cash used in operating activities
$
(10,051
)
 
$
(2,450
)
Net cash provided by financing activities
$
12,253

 
$
4,652

Investments and Fair Value of Financial Instruments (Tables)
Marketable Investments
The Company’s marketable investments have been classified and accounted for as available-for-sale. The Company’s marketable investments as of September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016 were as follows (in thousands):
 
 
September 30, 2017
 
 
Amortized Cost
 
Gross
Unrealized
Gains
 
Gross
Unrealized
Losses
 
Fair Value
Commercial paper
 
$
23,471

 
$
2

 
$
(1
)
 
$
23,472

U.S. Treasury
 
9,004

 

 
(4
)
 
9,000

U.S. agency and government sponsored securities
 
3,600

 

 
(8
)
 
3,592

U.S. states and municipalities
 
10,207

 
1

 
(4
)
 
10,204

Corporate bonds
 
106,964

 
48

 
(77
)
 
106,935

Total
 
$
153,246

 
$
51

 
$
(94
)
 
$
153,203

 
 
December 31, 2016
 
 
Amortized Cost
 
Gross
Unrealized
Gains
 
Gross
Unrealized
Losses
 
Fair Value
Commercial paper
 
$
4,237

 
$
1

 
$

 
$
4,238

U.S. Treasury
 
4,996

 

 

 
4,996

U.S. agency and government sponsored securities
 
8,803

 
3

 
(12
)
 
8,794

U.S. states and municipalities
 
27,429

 
1

 
(75
)
 
27,355

Corporate bonds
 
69,009

 
36

 
(120
)
 
68,925

Non-U.S. government debt securities
 
1,209

 

 

 
1,209

Total
 
$
115,683

 
$
41

 
$
(207
)
 
$
115,517

The following tables present the gross unrealized losses and the fair value for those marketable investments that were in an unrealized loss position for less than and more than twelve months as of September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016 (in thousands):
 
 
September 30, 2017
 
 
Less than 12 months
 
12 months or more
 
Total
 
 
Fair Value
 
Gross Unrealized Losses
 
Fair Value
 
Gross Unrealized Losses
 
Fair Value
 
Gross Unrealized Losses
Commercial paper
 
$
10,959

 
$
(1
)
 
$

 
$

 
$
10,959

 
$
(1
)
U.S. Treasury
 
9,000

 
(4
)
 

 

 
9,000

 
(4
)
U.S. agency and government sponsored securities
 
1,600

 

 
1,992

 
(8
)
 
3,592

 
(8
)
U.S. states and municipalities
 
7,184

 
(4
)
 

 

 
7,184

 
(4
)
Corporate bonds
 
49,655

 
(48
)
 
4,168

 
(29
)
 
53,823

 
(77
)
Total
 
$
78,398

 
$
(57
)
 
$
6,160

 
$
(37
)
 
$
84,558

 
$
(94
)
 
 
December 31, 2016
 
 
Less than 12 months
 
 
Fair Value
 
Gross Unrealized Losses
U.S. agency and government sponsored securities
 
$
3,291

 
$
(12
)
U.S. states and municipalities
 
22,286

 
(75
)
Corporate bonds
 
29,748

 
(120
)
Total
 
$
55,325

 
$
(207
)
The contractual maturities of the Company’s marketable investments as of September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016 were as follows (in thousands):
 
 
September 30,
2017
 
December 31, 2016
 
 
Fair Value
 
Fair Value
Due in less than one year
 
$
122,829

 
$
71,051

Due in one to five years
 
30,374

 
44,466

Total
 
$
153,203

 
$
115,517

The following table sets forth the Company’s financial assets measured at fair value by level within the fair value hierarchy (in thousands):
 
 
As of September 30, 2017
 
 
Level 1
 
Level 2
 
Total Fair Value
Financial Assets
 
 
 
 
 
 
Cash equivalents:
 
 
 
 
 
 
Commercial paper
 
$

 
$
9,084

 
$
9,084

Money market funds
 
9,042

 

 
9,042

U.S. Treasury
 

 

 

U.S. states and municipalities
 

 
6,500

 
6,500

Marketable investments:
 
 
 
 
 
 
Commercial paper
 

 
23,472

 
23,472

U.S. Treasury
 
9,000

 

 
9,000

U.S. agency and government sponsored securities
 

 
3,592

 
3,592

U.S. states and municipalities
 

 
10,204

 
10,204

Corporate bonds
 

 
106,935

 
106,935

Total
 
$
18,042

 
$
159,787


$
177,829

 
 
As of December 31, 2016
 
 
Level 1
 
Level 2
 
Total Fair Value
Financial Assets
 
 
 
 
 
 
Cash equivalents:
 
 
 
 
 
 
Money market funds
 
$
873

 
$

 
$
873

Marketable investments:
 
 
 
 
 
 
Commercial paper
 

 
4,238

 
4,238

U.S. Treasury
 
4,996

 

 
4,996

U.S. agency and government sponsored securities
 

 
8,794

 
8,794

U.S. states and municipalities
 

 
27,355

 
27,355

Corporate bonds
 

 
68,925

 
68,925

Non-U.S. government debt securities
 

 
1,209

 
1,209

Total
 
$
5,869

 
$
110,521

 
$
116,390


During the nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016, the Company did not record impairment charges related to its marketable investments and the Company did not hold any Level 3 marketable investments as of September 30, 2017 or December 31, 2016.
In addition to the amounts presented above, the Company recorded contingent consideration liabilities at fair value during 2017. During the three months ended September 30, 2017, the Company acquired Crossmed and recorded contingent consideration in the amount of $4.3 million. Also during the three months ended September 30, 2017, the Company entered into an exclusive technology license agreement and recorded contingent consideration in the amount of $12.7 million. These contingent consideration liabilities are classified as Level 3 measurements for which fair value is derived from significant unobservable inputs, such as projected revenue and estimates in the timing and likelihood of achieving revenue-based milestones. During the three months ended September 30, 2017, there were no changes in fair value for these contingent consideration liabilities. For more information with respect to the fair value of contingent consideration, refer to Note “5. Business Combination” and Note “6. Goodwill and Intangible Assets,” respectively.
During the nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016, the Company did not have any transfers between Level 1, Level 2 or Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy. Additionally, the Company did not have any financial assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis as of September 30, 2017 or December 31, 2016.
Balance Sheet Components (Tables)
The following table shows the components of prepaid expenses and other current assets as of September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016 (in thousands):
 
 
September 30,
2017
 
December 31,
2016
Prepaid tax
 
$
1,023

 
$
4,656

Prepaid expenses
 
5,213

 
4,573

Other current assets
 
8,228

 
9,498

Prepaid expenses and other current assets
 
$
14,464

 
$
18,727

The following table shows the components of inventories as of September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016 (in thousands):
 
 
September 30,
2017
 
December 31,
2016
Raw materials
 
$
11,288

 
$
11,367

Work in process
 
6,923

 
3,663

Finished goods
 
72,318

 
57,982

Inventories
 
$
90,529

 
$
73,012

The following table shows the components of accrued liabilities as of September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016 (in thousands):
 
 
September 30,
2017
 
December 31,
2016
Payroll and employee-related cost
 
$
22,244

 
$
16,956

Sales return reserve
 
3,024

 
2,753

Preclinical and clinical trial cost
 
1,501

 
2,054

Royalty
 
946

 
802

Product warranty
 
1,066

 
1,254

Leasehold improvement expenditures
 
2,904

 
260

Acquisition-related liabilities1
 
3,514

 

Other accrued liabilities
 
10,113

 
7,611

Total accrued liabilities
 
$
45,312

 
$
31,690

The following table shows the changes in the Company’s estimated product warranty accrual, included in accrued liabilities, as of September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016 (in thousands):
 
 
September 30,
2017
 
December 31,
2016
Balance at the beginning of the period
 
$
1,254

 
$
713

Accruals of warranties issued
 
289

 
1,176

Settlements of warranty claims
 
(477
)
 
(635
)
Balance at the end of the period
 
$
1,066

 
$
1,254

The following table shows the components of other non-current liabilities as of September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016 (in thousands):
 
 
September 30,
2017
 
December 31,
2016
Deferred tax liabilities
 
$
3,299

 
$
824

Licensing-related cost1
 
12,717

 

Other non-current liabilities
 
2,101

 

Total other non-current liabilities
 
$
18,117

 
$
824

 
1 Amount relates to the liability recorded for probable future milestone payments to be made under the licensing agreement described in Note “6. Goodwill and Intangible Assets,” refer therein for more information.
Business Combination (Tables)
The following table summarizes the Closing Date fair value of the consideration transferred (in thousands):
Cash, net of working capital and financial debt adjustments
 
$
9,918

Fair value of contingent consideration for milestone payments
 
4,343

Contract purchase price
 
$
14,261

Consideration for settlement of pre-existing receivable due from Crossmed to Penumbra
 
3,273

Total value of consideration transferred
 
$
17,534

The following table presents the preliminary allocation of the purchase price for Crossmed (in thousands):
 
 
Acquisition-Date Fair Value
Estimated Useful Life of Finite-Lived Intangible Assets
Tangible assets acquired and (liabilities) assumed:
 
 
 
Accounts receivable
 
$
4,406

 
Inventories
 
1,343

 
Other current and non-current assets
 
1,316

 
Property and equipment, net
 
829

 
Accounts payable
 
(740
)
 
Accrued liabilities and obligations for short-term debt and credit facilities
 
(2,164
)
 
Deferred tax liabilities
 
(2,472
)
 
Other non-current liabilities
 
(797
)
 
Intangible assets acquired:
 
 
 
Customer relationships
 
$
6,790

15 years
Other
 
1,750

5 years
Goodwill
 
7,273

 
Total purchase price
 
$
17,534

 
he unaudited pro forma information is presented below (unaudited, in thousands):
 
 
Three Months Ended September 30,
 
Nine Months Ended September 30,
 
 
2017
 
2016
 
2017
 
2016
Pro forma net revenue
 
$
83,911

 
$
68,012

 
$
240,506

 
$
193,521

Pro forma net income (loss)
 
238

 
11,950

 
(4,695
)
 
17,020

Goodwill and Intangible Assets (Tables)
The following table presents the changes in goodwill during the nine months ended September 30, 2017 (in thousands):
 
 
Total Company
Balance as of December 31, 2016
 
$

Acquisition of Crossmed(1)
 
7,273

Foreign currency translation
 
176

Balance as of September 30, 2017
 
$
7,449

 
1 Goodwill includes a $2.5 million adjustment for the relative impact of recording the deferred tax liability associated with the acquired intangible assets of Crossmed. Refer to Note “5. Business Combination” for more information.
The following table presents details of the Company’s acquired definite-lived and indefinite-lived intangible assets (in thousands, except weighted-average amortization period):
As of September 30, 2017
 
Weighted-Average Amortization Period
 
Gross Carrying Amount
 
Accumulated Amortization
 
Net
Customer relationships
 
15 years
 
$
7,044

 
$
(168
)
 
$
6,876

Other
 
5 years
 
1,815

 
(87
)
 
1,728

Total intangible assets subject to amortization
 
 
 
$
8,859

 
$
(255
)
 
$
8,604

Intangible assets related to licensed technology
 
 
 
15,217

 

 
15,217

Total intangible assets
 
 
 
$
24,076

 
$
(255
)
 
$
23,821

The total intangible assets subject amortization relate to the acquisition of Crossmed during the third quarter of 2017. During both the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017, the Company recorded amortization expense of $0.3 million in sales, general and administrative expense related to the Company’s finite-lived intangible assets. Refer to Note “5. Business Combination for more information.
The following table presents details of the Company’s acquired definite-lived and indefinite-lived intangible assets (in thousands, except weighted-average amortization period):
As of September 30, 2017
 
Weighted-Average Amortization Period
 
Gross Carrying Amount
 
Accumulated Amortization
 
Net
Customer relationships
 
15 years
 
$
7,044

 
$
(168
)
 
$
6,876

Other
 
5 years
 
1,815

 
(87
)
 
1,728

Total intangible assets subject to amortization
 
 
 
$
8,859

 
$
(255
)
 
$
8,604

Intangible assets related to licensed technology
 
 
 
15,217

 

 
15,217

Total intangible assets
 
 
 
$
24,076

 
$
(255
)
 
$
23,821

The total intangible assets subject amortization relate to the acquisition of Crossmed during the third quarter of 2017. During both the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017, the Company recorded amortization expense of $0.3 million in sales, general and administrative expense related to the Company’s finite-lived intangible assets. Refer to Note “5. Business Combination for more information.
Stockholder's Equity (Tables)
Activity of stock options under the Penumbra, Inc. 2005 Stock Plan, the Penumbra, Inc. 2011 Equity Incentive Plan and the Amended and Restated Penumbra, Inc. 2014 Equity Incentive Plan (collectively the “Plans”) during the nine months ended September 30, 2017 is set forth below:
 
 
Number of Shares
 
Weighted-Average
Exercise Price
Balance at December 31, 2016
 
2,876,955

 
$
14.63

Options exercised
 
(678,825
)
 
6.21

Options canceled
 
(2,866
)
 
16.98

Balance at September 30, 2017
 
2,195,264

 
17.24

Activity of unvested restricted stock and restricted stock units under the Plans during the nine months ended September 30, 2017 is set forth below: 
 
 
Number of Shares
 
Weighted -Average
Grant Date Fair Value
Unvested at December 31, 2016
 
1,002,944

 
$
29.44

Granted
 
99,638

 
80.04

Vested
 
(325,023
)
 
24.79

Canceled/Forfeited
 
(20,687
)
 
45.22

Unvested and expected to vest at September 30, 2017
 
756,872

 
37.67

The following table sets forth the stock-based compensation expense included in the Company’s condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016 (in thousands):
 
 
Three Months Ended September 30,
 
Nine Months Ended September 30,
 
 
2017
 
2016
 
2017
 
2016
Cost of revenue
 
$
316

 
$
83

 
$
817

 
$
742

Research and development
 
352

 
251

 
913

 
790

Sales, general and administrative
 
3,819

 
3,930

 
11,362

 
9,268

Total
 
$
4,487

 
$
4,264

 
$
13,092

 
$
10,800

Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) (Tables)
Schedule of Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)
 
 
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2017
 
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2016
 
 
 Marketable
Investments
 
 Currency Translation
Adjustments
 
 Total
 
 Marketable
Investments
 
 Currency Translation
Adjustments
 
 Total
Balance at beginning of the period
 
$
(105
)
 
$
(4,583
)
 
$
(4,688
)
 
$
(163
)
 
$
(1,952
)
 
$
(2,115
)
Other comprehensive income before reclassifications:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Unrealized gains —marketable investments
 
157

 

 
157

 
401

 

 
401

Foreign currency translation gains (losses)
 

 
5,771

 
5,771

 

 
(1,732
)
 
(1,732
)
Income tax effect — (expense) benefit
 

 

 

 
(145
)
 
1

 
(144
)
Net of tax
 
157

 
5,771

 
5,928

 
256

 
(1,731
)
 
(1,475
)
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income to earnings:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Realized gains — marketable investments
 
(36
)
 

 
(36
)
 
(3
)
 

 
(3
)
Income tax effect — benefit
 

 

 

 
1

 

 
1

Net of tax
 
(36
)
 

 
(36
)
 
(2
)
 

 
(2
)
Net current-year other comprehensive income (loss)
 
121

 
5,771

 
5,892

 
254

 
(1,731
)
 
(1,477
)
Balance at end of the period
 
$
16

 
$
1,188

 
$
1,204

 
$
91

 
$
(3,683
)
 
$
(3,592
)
The following table summarizes the changes in the accumulated balances during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016, and includes information regarding the manner in which the reclassifications out of accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) into earnings affect the Company’s condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income (in thousands):
 
 
Three Months Ended September 30, 2017
 
Three Months Ended September 30, 2016
 
 
 Marketable
Investments
 
 Currency Translation
Adjustments
 
 Total
 
 Marketable
Investments
 
 Currency Translation
Adjustments
 
 Total
Balance at beginning of the period
 
$
(38
)
 
$
(4,657
)
 
$
(4,695
)
 
$
206

 
$
(2,785
)
 
$
(2,579
)
Other comprehensive income before reclassifications:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Unrealized gains (losses) — marketable investments
 
54

 

 
54

 
(178
)
 

 
(178
)
Foreign currency translation gains (losses)
 

 
5,845

 
5,845

 

 
(901
)
 
(901
)
Income tax effect — benefit
 

 

 

 
63

 
3

 
66

Net of tax
 
54

 
5,845

 
5,899

 
(115
)
 
(898
)
 
(1,013
)
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income to earnings:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Realized losses — marketable investments
 

 

 

 
1

 

 
1

Income tax effect — expense
 

 

 

 
(1
)
 

 
(1
)
Net of tax
 

 

 

 

 

 

Net current-year other comprehensive income (loss)
 
54

 
5,845

 
5,899

 
(115
)
 
(898
)
 
(1,013
)
Balance at end of the period
 
$
16

 
$
1,188

 
$
1,204

 
$
91

 
$
(3,683
)
 
$
(3,592
)
Net Income (Loss) per Share (Tables)
Reconciliation of the Numerator and Denominator used in the Calculation of the Basic and Diluted Earnings per Share
A reconciliation of the numerator and denominator used in the calculation of the basic and diluted income (loss) per share for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016 is as follows (in thousands, except share and per share amounts):
 
 
Three Months Ended September 30,
 
Nine Months Ended September 30,
 
 
2017
 
2016
 
2017
 
2016
Net income (loss) per share:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Numerator
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net income (loss)—basic and diluted
 
$
238

 
$
11,906

 
$
(4,426
)
 
$
17,210

Denominator
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Weighted average shares used to compute net income (loss)
—Basic
 
33,446,841

 
30,604,384

 
32,766,135

 
30,269,463

Potential dilutive stock-based awards, as calculated using treasury stock method
 
2,217,431

 
3,150,999

 

 
3,098,155

Weighted average shares used to compute income (loss)
—Diluted
 
35,664,272

 
33,755,383

 
32,766,135

 
33,367,618

Net income (loss) per share from:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Basic
 
$
0.01

 
$
0.39

 
$
(0.14
)
 
$
0.57

Diluted
 
$
0.01

 
$
0.35

 
$
(0.14
)
 
$
0.52

Organization and Description of Business (Details)
9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2017
market
Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements [Abstract]
 
Number of major markets
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies - Additional Disclosures (Details)
9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2017
activity
segment
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]
 
Number of business activities
Number of Operating Segments
Minimum
 
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]
 
Equity method ownership percentage
20.00% 
Maximum
 
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]
 
Equity method ownership percentage
50.00% 
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies - New Accounting Pronouncements (Details) (USD $)
In Thousands, except Share data, unless otherwise specified
3 Months Ended 9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2017
Sep. 30, 2016
Sep. 30, 2017
segment
Sep. 30, 2016
Dec. 31, 2016
New Accounting Pronouncements or Change in Accounting Principle [Line Items]
 
 
 
 
 
Number of Operating Segments
 
 
 
 
Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet Data:
 
 
 
 
 
Prepaid expenses and other current assets
$ 14,464 
 
$ 14,464 
 
$ 18,727 
Total current assets
371,781 
 
371,781 
 
263,827 
Deferred taxes
22,503 
 
22,503 
 
22,476 
Assets
459,094 
 
459,094 
 
308,254 
Other non-current liabilities
18,117 
 
18,117 
 
824 
Liabilities
75,262 
 
75,262 
 
41,707 
Additional paid-in capital
389,682 
 
389,682 
 
273,865 
Accumulated deficit
(7,087)
 
(7,087)
 
(2,661)
Total stockholder’ equity
383,832 
 
383,832 
 
266,547 
Liabilities and Equity
459,094 
 
459,094 
 
308,254 
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations Data:
 
 
 
 
 
Provision for (benefit from) income taxes
456 
(12,998)
2,293 
(16,564)
 
Net (loss) income
238 
11,906 
(4,426)
17,210 
 
Net (loss) income per share:
 
 
 
 
 
Basic (in dollars per share)
$ 0.01 
$ 0.39 
$ (0.14)
$ 0.57 
 
Diluted (in dollars per share)
$ 0.01 
$ 0.35 
$ (0.14)
$ 0.52 
 
Weighted average shares used to compute net (loss) income per share attributable to common stockholders:
 
 
 
 
 
Basic (in shares)
33,446,841 
30,604,384 
32,766,135 
30,269,463 
 
Diluted (in shares)
35,664,272 
33,755,383 
32,766,135 
33,367,618 
 
Condensed Consolidated Statement of Cash Flow Data:
 
 
 
 
 
Net cash (used in) operating activities
 
 
13,598 
(2,450)
 
Net cash (used in) financing activities
 
 
101,914 
4,652 
 
Accounting Standards Update 2016-09
 
 
 
 
 
Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet Data:
 
 
 
 
 
Prepaid expenses and other current assets
 
19,209 
 
19,209 
 
Total current assets
 
267,767 
 
267,767 
 
Deferred taxes
 
22,059 
 
22,059 
 
Assets
 
306,488 
 
306,488 
 
Other non-current liabilities
 
5,540 
 
5,540 
 
Liabilities
 
42,884 
 
42,884 
 
Additional paid-in capital
 
267,429 
 
267,429 
 
Accumulated deficit
 
(264)
 
(264)
 
Total stockholder’ equity
 
263,604 
 
263,604 
 
Liabilities and Equity
 
306,488 
 
306,488 
 
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations Data:
 
 
 
 
 
Provision for (benefit from) income taxes
 
(12,998)
 
(16,564)
 
Net (loss) income
 
11,906 
 
17,210 
 
Net (loss) income per share:
 
 
 
 
 
Basic (in dollars per share)
 
$ 0.39 
 
$ 0.57 
 
Diluted (in dollars per share)
 
$ 0.35 
 
$ 0.52 
 
Weighted average shares used to compute net (loss) income per share attributable to common stockholders:
 
 
 
 
 
Basic (in shares)
 
30,604,384 
 
30,269,463 
 
Diluted (in shares)
 
33,755,383 
 
33,367,618 
 
Condensed Consolidated Statement of Cash Flow Data:
 
 
 
 
 
Net cash (used in) operating activities
 
 
 
(2,450)
 
Net cash (used in) financing activities
 
 
 
4,652 
 
As Previously Reported
 
 
 
 
 
Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet Data:
 
 
 
 
 
Prepaid expenses and other current assets
 
18,665 
 
18,665 
 
Total current assets
 
267,223 
 
267,223 
 
Deferred taxes
 
13,394 
 
13,394 
 
Assets
 
297,279 
 
297,279 
 
Other non-current liabilities
 
6,081 
 
6,081 
 
Liabilities
 
43,425 
 
43,425 
 
Additional paid-in capital
 
275,031 
 
275,031 
 
Accumulated deficit
 
(17,616)
 
(17,616)
 
Total stockholder’ equity
 
253,854 
 
253,854 
 
Liabilities and Equity
 
297,279 
 
297,279 
 
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations Data:
 
 
 
 
 
Provision for (benefit from) income taxes
 
14 
 
787 
 
Net (loss) income
 
(1,106)
 
(141)
 
Net (loss) income per share:
 
 
 
 
 
Basic (in dollars per share)
 
$ (0.04)
 
$ 0.00 
 
Diluted (in dollars per share)
 
$ (0.04)
 
$ 0.00 
 
Weighted average shares used to compute net (loss) income per share attributable to common stockholders:
 
 
 
 
 
Basic (in shares)
 
30,604,384 
 
30,269,463 
 
Diluted (in shares)
 
30,604,384 
 
30,269,463 
 
Condensed Consolidated Statement of Cash Flow Data:
 
 
 
 
 
Net cash (used in) operating activities
 
 
 
(10,051)
 
Net cash (used in) financing activities
 
 
 
$ 12,253 
 
Investments and Fair Value of Financial Instruments - Gains and Losses of Marketable Investments (Details) (USD $)
In Thousands, unless otherwise specified
Sep. 30, 2017
Dec. 31, 2016
Schedule of Available-for-sale Securities [Line Items]
 
 
Amortized Cost
$ 153,246 
$ 115,683 
Gross Unrealized Gains
51 
41 
Gross Unrealized Losses
(94)
(207)
Fair Value
153,203 
115,517 
Commercial paper
 
 
Schedule of Available-for-sale Securities [Line Items]
 
 
Amortized Cost
23,471 
4,237 
Gross Unrealized Gains
Gross Unrealized Losses
(1)
Fair Value
23,472 
4,238 
U.S. Treasury
 
 
Schedule of Available-for-sale Securities [Line Items]
 
 
Amortized Cost
9,004 
4,996 
Gross Unrealized Gains
Gross Unrealized Losses
(4)
Fair Value
9,000 
4,996 
U.S. agency and government sponsored securities
 
 
Schedule of Available-for-sale Securities [Line Items]
 
 
Amortized Cost
3,600 
8,803 
Gross Unrealized Gains
Gross Unrealized Losses
(8)
(12)
Fair Value
3,592 
8,794 
U.S. states and municipalities
 
 
Schedule of Available-for-sale Securities [Line Items]
 
 
Amortized Cost
10,207 
27,429 
Gross Unrealized Gains
Gross Unrealized Losses
(4)
(75)
Fair Value
10,204 
27,355 
Corporate bonds
 
 
Schedule of Available-for-sale Securities [Line Items]
 
 
Amortized Cost
106,964 
69,009 
Gross Unrealized Gains
48 
36 
Gross Unrealized Losses
(77)
(120)
Fair Value
106,935 
68,925 
Non-U.S. government debt securities
 
 
Schedule of Available-for-sale Securities [Line Items]
 
 
Amortized Cost
 
1,209 
Gross Unrealized Gains
 
Gross Unrealized Losses
 
Fair Value
 
$ 1,209 
Investments and Fair Value of Financial Instruments - Marketable Securities in an Unrealized Loss Position (Details) (USD $)
Sep. 30, 2017
Dec. 31, 2016
Schedule of Available-for-sale Securities [Line Items]
 
 
Less than 12 months: Fair Value
$ 78,398,000 
$ 55,325,000 
Less than 12 months: Gross Unrealized Losses
(57,000)
(207,000)
12 Months of more: Fair Value
6,160,000 
 
12 months or more: Gross Unrealized Losses
(37,000)
Total: Fair Value
84,558,000 
 
Total: Gross Unrealized Losses
(94,000)
 
Commercial paper
 
 
Schedule of Available-for-sale Securities [Line Items]
 
 
Less than 12 months: Fair Value
10,959,000 
 
Less than 12 months: Gross Unrealized Losses
(1,000)
 
12 Months of more: Fair Value
 
12 months or more: Gross Unrealized Losses
 
Total: Fair Value
10,959,000 
 
Total: Gross Unrealized Losses
(1,000)
 
U.S. Treasury
 
 
Schedule of Available-for-sale Securities [Line Items]
 
 
Less than 12 months: Fair Value
9,000,000 
 
Less than 12 months: Gross Unrealized Losses
(4,000)
 
12 Months of more: Fair Value
 
12 months or more: Gross Unrealized Losses
 
Total: Fair Value
9,000,000 
 
Total: Gross Unrealized Losses
(4,000)
 
U.S. agency and government sponsored securities
 
 
Schedule of Available-for-sale Securities [Line Items]
 
 
Less than 12 months: Fair Value
1,600,000 
3,291,000 
Less than 12 months: Gross Unrealized Losses
(12,000)
12 Months of more: Fair Value
1,992,000 
 
12 months or more: Gross Unrealized Losses
(8,000)
 
Total: Fair Value
3,592,000 
 
Total: Gross Unrealized Losses
(8,000)
 
U.S. states and municipalities
 
 
Schedule of Available-for-sale Securities [Line Items]
 
 
Less than 12 months: Fair Value
7,184,000 
22,286,000 
Less than 12 months: Gross Unrealized Losses
(4,000)
(75,000)
12 Months of more: Fair Value
 
12 months or more: Gross Unrealized Losses
 
Total: Fair Value
7,184,000 
 
Total: Gross Unrealized Losses
(4,000)
 
Corporate bonds
 
 
Schedule of Available-for-sale Securities [Line Items]
 
 
Less than 12 months: Fair Value
49,655,000 
29,748,000 
Less than 12 months: Gross Unrealized Losses
(48,000)
(120,000)
12 Months of more: Fair Value
4,168,000 
 
12 months or more: Gross Unrealized Losses
(29,000)
 
Total: Fair Value
53,823,000 
 
Total: Gross Unrealized Losses
$ (77,000)
 
Investments and Fair Value of Financial Instruments - Contractual Maturities of Marketable Investments (Details) (USD $)
In Thousands, unless otherwise specified
Sep. 30, 2017
security
Dec. 31, 2016
Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements [Abstract]
 
 
Number of securities in a loss position for more than twelve months
 
Due in less than one year
$ 122,829 
$ 71,051 
Due in one to five years
30,374 
44,466 
Total
$ 153,203 
$ 115,517 
Investments and Fair Value of Financial Instruments - Non-Marketable Equity Investments (Details) (USD $)
9 Months Ended 3 Months Ended 9 Months Ended 3 Months Ended 9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2017
Sep. 30, 2016
Dec. 31, 2016
Sep. 30, 2017
MVI
Sep. 30, 2017
MVI
May 31, 2017
MVI
Sep. 30, 2017
Parent Company [Member]
Other Expenses, net
MVI
Sep. 30, 2017
Parent Company [Member]
Other Expenses, net
MVI
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Equity method ownership percentage
 
 
 
 
 
50.00% 
 
 
Carrying value of investment
 
 
$ 0 
$ 4,400,000 
$ 4,400,000 
 
 
 
Equity Method Investment, Summarized Financial Information, Net Income (Loss)
 
 
 
(1,100,000)
(1,400,000)
 
 
 
Net loss from equity investments
$ 703,000 
$ 0 
 
 
 
 
$ (500,000)
$ (700,000)
Investments and Fair Value of Financial Instruments - Financial Assets and Liabilities Measured at Fair Value (Details) (USD $)
In Thousands, unless otherwise specified
Sep. 30, 2017
Dec. 31, 2016
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
 
 
Licensing-related cost, Noncurrent
$ 12,717 
$ 0 
Recurring
 
 
Financial Assets
 
 
Total
177,829 
116,390 
Recurring |
Commercial paper
 
 
Financial Assets
 
 
Marketable investments
23,472 
4,238 
Recurring |
U.S. Treasury
 
 
Financial Assets
 
 
Marketable investments
9,000 
4,996 
Recurring |
U.S. agency and government sponsored securities
 
 
Financial Assets
 
 
Marketable investments
3,592 
8,794 
Recurring |
U.S. states and municipalities
 
 
Financial Assets
 
 
Marketable investments
10,204 
27,355 
Recurring |
Corporate bonds
 
 
Financial Assets
 
 
Marketable investments
106,935 
68,925 
Recurring |
Non-U.S. government debt securities
 
 
Financial Assets
 
 
Marketable investments
 
1,209 
Recurring |
Commercial paper
 
 
Financial Assets
 
 
Cash equivalents
9,084 
 
Recurring |
Money market funds
 
 
Financial Assets
 
 
Cash equivalents
9,042 
873 
Recurring |
U.S. Treasury
 
 
Financial Assets
 
 
Cash equivalents
 
Recurring |
U.S. states and municipalities
 
 
Financial Assets
 
 
Cash equivalents
6,500 
 
Recurring |
Level 1
 
 
Financial Assets
 
 
Total
18,042 
5,869 
Recurring |
Level 1 |
Commercial paper
 
 
Financial Assets
 
 
Marketable investments
Recurring |
Level 1 |
U.S. Treasury
 
 
Financial Assets
 
 
Marketable investments
9,000 
4,996 
Recurring |
Level 1 |
U.S. agency and government sponsored securities
 
 
Financial Assets
 
 
Marketable investments
Recurring |
Level 1 |
U.S. states and municipalities
 
 
Financial Assets
 
 
Marketable investments
Recurring |
Level 1 |
Corporate bonds
 
 
Financial Assets
 
 
Marketable investments
Recurring |
Level 1 |
Non-U.S. government debt securities
 
 
Financial Assets
 
 
Marketable investments
 
Recurring |
Level 1 |
Commercial paper
 
 
Financial Assets
 
 
Cash equivalents
 
Recurring |
Level 1 |
Money market funds
 
 
Financial Assets
 
 
Cash equivalents
9,042 
873 
Recurring |
Level 1 |
U.S. Treasury
 
 
Financial Assets
 
 
Cash equivalents
 
Recurring |
Level 1 |
U.S. states and municipalities
 
 
Financial Assets
 
 
Cash equivalents
 
Recurring |
Level 2
 
 
Financial Assets
 
 
Total
159,787 
110,521 
Recurring |
Level 2 |
Commercial paper
 
 
Financial Assets
 
 
Marketable investments
23,472 
4,238 
Recurring |
Level 2 |
U.S. Treasury
 
 
Financial Assets
 
 
Marketable investments
Recurring |
Level 2 |
U.S. agency and government sponsored securities
 
 
Financial Assets
 
 
Marketable investments
3,592 
8,794 
Recurring |
Level 2 |
U.S. states and municipalities
 
 
Financial Assets
 
 
Marketable investments
10,204 
27,355 
Recurring |
Level 2 |
Corporate bonds
 
 
Financial Assets
 
 
Marketable investments
106,935 
68,925 
Recurring |
Level 2 |
Non-U.S. government debt securities
 
 
Financial Assets
 
 
Marketable investments
 
1,209 
Recurring |
Level 2 |
Commercial paper
 
 
Financial Assets
 
 
Cash equivalents
9,084 
 
Recurring |
Level 2 |
Money market funds
 
 
Financial Assets
 
 
Cash equivalents
Recurring |
Level 2 |
U.S. Treasury
 
 
Financial Assets
 
 
Cash equivalents
 
Recurring |
Level 2 |
U.S. states and municipalities
 
 
Financial Assets
 
 
Cash equivalents
$ 6,500 
 
Balance Sheet Components - Prepaid Expenses and Other Current Assets (Details) (USD $)
In Thousands, unless otherwise specified
Sep. 30, 2017
Dec. 31, 2016
Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements [Abstract]
 
 
Prepaid tax
$ 1,023 
$ 4,656 
Prepaid expenses
5,213 
4,573 
Other current assets
8,228 
9,498 
Prepaid expenses and other current assets
$ 14,464 
$ 18,727 
Balance Sheet Components - Inventories (Details) (USD $)
In Thousands, unless otherwise specified
Sep. 30, 2017
Dec. 31, 2016
Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements [Abstract]
 
 
Raw materials
$ 11,288 
$ 11,367 
Work in process
6,923 
3,663 
Finished goods
72,318 
57,982 
Inventories
$ 90,529 
$ 73,012 
Balance Sheet Components - Accrued Liabilities (Details) (USD $)
In Thousands, unless otherwise specified
Sep. 30, 2017
Dec. 31, 2016
Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements [Abstract]
 
 
Payroll and employee-related cost
$ 22,244 
$ 16,956 
Sales return reserve
3,024 
2,753 
Preclinical and clinical trial cost
1,501 
2,054 
Royalty
946 
802 
Product warranty
1,066 
1,254 
Leasehold improvement expenditures
2,904 
260 
Acquisition-related liabilities1
3,514 
Other accrued liabilities
10,113 
7,611 
Total accrued liabilities
$ 45,312 
$ 31,690 
Balance Sheet Components - Product Warranty (Details) (USD $)
In Thousands, unless otherwise specified
9 Months Ended 12 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2017
Dec. 31, 2016
Product Warranty, Increase (Decrease) [Roll Forward]
 
 
Balance at the beginning of the period
$ 1,254 
$ 713 
Accruals of warranties issued
289 
1,176 
Settlements of warranty claims
(477)
(635)
Balance at the end of the period
$ 1,066 
$ 1,254 
Balance Sheet Components - Other Non-Current Liabilities (Details) (USD $)
In Thousands, unless otherwise specified
Sep. 30, 2017
Dec. 31, 2016
Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements [Abstract]
 
 
Deferred tax liabilities
$ 3,299 
$ 824 
Licensing-related cost, Noncurrent
12,717 
Other Accrued Liabilities, Noncurrent
2,101 
Total other non-current liabilities
$ 18,117 
$ 824 
Business Combination - Narrative (Details)
3 Months Ended 9 Months Ended 0 Months Ended 3 Months Ended 9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2017
USD ($)
Sep. 30, 2016
USD ($)
Sep. 30, 2017
USD ($)
segment
Sep. 30, 2016
USD ($)
Jul. 3, 2017
Crossmed
USD ($)
Jul. 3, 2017
Crossmed
EUR (€)
Sep. 30, 2017
Crossmed
USD ($)
Sep. 30, 2017
Crossmed
USD ($)
Jul. 3, 2017
Crossmed
USD ($)
Sep. 30, 2017
Current Liabilities
Crossmed
USD ($)
Sep. 30, 2017
Noncurrent Liabilities
Crossmed
USD ($)
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Number of Operating Segments
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Payments to acquire business
 
 
 
 
$ 9,400,000 
€ 8,200,000 
 
 
 
 
 
Business Combination, Contingent Consideration Arrangements, Range of Outcomes, Maximum Unlimited
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Contingent consideration for milestone payments
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
4,343,000 
3,000,000 
1,300,000 
Deferred Tax Liabilities, Net
 
 
 
 
 
 
2,500,000 
2,500,000 
2,472,000 
 
 
Revenue
83,911,000 
67,187,000 
237,713,000 
190,212,000 
 
 
2,700,000 
2,700,000 
 
 
 
Net income (loss)
238,000 
11,906,000 
(4,426,000)
17,210,000 
 
 
(300,000)
(300,000)
 
 
 
Fair Value, Measurement with Unobservable Inputs Reconciliation, Recurring Basis, Liability, Gain (Loss) Included in Earnings
 
 
 
 
 
 
$ 0 
 
 
 
 
Business Combination - Consideration Transferred (Details) (Crossmed, USD $)
In Thousands, unless otherwise specified
0 Months Ended
Jul. 3, 2017
Jul. 3, 2017
Crossmed
 
 
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
 
 
Purchase Consideration To Acquire Businesses Net Of Working Capital Adjustments Excluding Contingent Consideration
$ 9,918 
 
Fair value of contingent consideration for milestone payments
 
4,343 
Contract purchase price
14,261 
 
Consideration for settlement of pre-existing receivable due from Crossmed to Penumbra
3,273 
 
Total value of consideration transferred
$ 17,534 
 
Business Combination - Purchase Price Allocation (Details) (USD $)
In Thousands, unless otherwise specified
9 Months Ended 0 Months Ended 9 Months Ended 0 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2017
Dec. 31, 2016
Sep. 30, 2017
Crossmed
Jul. 3, 2017
Crossmed
Sep. 30, 2017
Customer relationships
Jul. 3, 2017
Customer relationships
Crossmed
Jul. 3, 2017
Customer relationships
Crossmed
Sep. 30, 2017
Other
Jul. 3, 2017
Other
Crossmed
Jul. 3, 2017
Other
Crossmed
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Accounts receivable, net
 
 
 
$ 4,406 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Inventories
 
 
 
1,343 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Other current and non-current assets
 
 
 
1,316 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Property and equipment, net
 
 
 
829 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Accounts payable
 
 
 
(740)
 
 
 
 
 
 
Accrued liabilities and obligations for short-term debt and credit facilities
 
 
 
(2,164)
 
 
 
 
 
 
Deferred Tax Liabilities, Net
 
 
(2,500)
(2,472)
 
 
 
 
 
 
Other non-current liabilities
 
 
 
(797)
 
 
 
 
 
 
Finite-lived intangible assets acquired
 
 
 
 
 
 
6,790 
 
 
1,750 
Estimated Useful Life of Finite-Lived Intangible Assets
 
 
 
 
15 years 
15 years 
 
5 years 
5 years 
 
Goodwill
7,449 
 
7,273 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Total purchase price
 
 
 
$ 17,534 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Business Combination - Pro Forma (Details) (Crossmed, USD $)
In Thousands, unless otherwise specified
3 Months Ended 9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2017
Sep. 30, 2016
Sep. 30, 2017
Sep. 30, 2016
Crossmed
 
 
 
 
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
 
 
 
 
Business Acquisition, Pro Forma Revenue
$ 83,911 
$ 68,012 
$ 240,506 
$ 193,521 
Business Acquisition, Pro Forma Net Income (Loss)
$ 238 
$ 11,950 
$ (4,695)
$ 17,020 
Goodwill and Intangible Assets - Goodwill (Details) (USD $)
In Thousands, unless otherwise specified
9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2017
Goodwill [Roll Forward]
 
Balance as of December 31, 2016
$ 0 
Acquisition of Crossmed(1)
7,273 
Foreign currency translation and other adjustments
176 
Balance as of September 30, 2017
$ 7,449 
Goodwill and Intangible Assets - Intangible Assets (Details) (USD $)
3 Months Ended 9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2017
Sep. 30, 2017
Sep. 30, 2016
Dec. 31, 2016
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
 
 
 
 
Amortization of Intangible Assets
$ 300,000 
$ 300,000 
 
 
Finite lived intangible assets: gross carrying amount
8,859,000 
8,859,000 
 
 
Accumulated amortization
(255,000)
(255,000)
 
 
Finite lived intangible assets: net
8,604,000 
8,604,000 
 
 
Indefinite-lived intangible assets
15,217,000 
15,217,000 
 
 
Total intangible assets, gross
24,076,000 
24,076,000 
 
 
Total intangible assets, net
23,821,000 
23,821,000 
 
Payments to acquire intangible assets
2,500,000 
2,500,000 
 
Indefinite-lived license agreements
15,200,000 
15,200,000 
 
 
Licensing-related cost, Noncurrent
12,717,000 
12,717,000 
 
Customer relationships
 
 
 
 
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
 
 
 
 
Weighted-Average Amortization Period
 
15 years 
 
 
Finite lived intangible assets: gross carrying amount
7,044,000 
7,044,000 
 
 
Accumulated amortization
(168,000)
(168,000)
 
 
Finite lived intangible assets: net
6,876,000 
6,876,000 
 
 
Other
 
 
 
 
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
 
 
 
 
Weighted-Average Amortization Period
 
5 years 
 
 
Finite lived intangible assets: gross carrying amount
1,815,000 
1,815,000 
 
 
Accumulated amortization
(87,000)
(87,000)
 
 
Finite lived intangible assets: net
$ 1,728,000 
$ 1,728,000 
 
 
Commitments and Contingencies - Lease and Purchase Commitments (Details) (USD $)
In Millions, unless otherwise specified
3 Months Ended 9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2017
Sep. 30, 2016
Sep. 30, 2017
Sep. 30, 2016
Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure [Abstract]
 
 
 
 
Rent expense
$ 1.4 
$ 1.4 
$ 4.3 
$ 3.8 
Commitments and Contingencies - Royalty Obligations (Details) (USD $)
3 Months Ended 9 Months Ended 9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2017
Cost of Sales
Sep. 30, 2016
Cost of Sales
Sep. 30, 2017
Cost of Sales
Sep. 30, 2016
Cost of Sales
Sep. 30, 2017
Royalty Agreement, March 2005
Dec. 31, 2016
Royalty Agreement, March 2005
Sep. 30, 2017
Royalty Agreement, April 2012
Sep. 30, 2017
Royalty Agreement, November 2013, Less than $5 Million in Sales
Sep. 30, 2017
Royalty Agreement, November 2013, Greater than $5 Million in Sales
Sep. 30, 2017
Royalty Agreement, April 2015
Other Commitments [Line Items]
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Minimum annual royalty payments
 
 
 
 
$ 100,000 
$ 100,000 
 
 
 
 
Royalty as a percent of sales
 
 
 
 
 
 
5.00% 
3.00% 
1.00% 
2.00% 
Royalty threshold
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
5,000,000 
 
Royalty expense
$ 1,000,000 
$ 700,000 
$ 3,000,000 
$ 2,100,000 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Stockholder's Equity - Common Stock (Details) (Underwritten Public Offering, USD $)
In Millions, except Share data, unless otherwise specified
1 Months Ended
Mar. 31, 2017
Underwritten Public Offering
 
Subsidiary, Sale of Stock [Line Items]
 
Number of shares issued and sold (in shares)
1,495,000 
Public offering price (in USD per share)
$ 76.00 
Net cash proceeds from shares issued and sold
$ 106.3 
Underwriting discounts and commissions
6.8 
Other offering expenses
$ 0.5 
Stockholder's Equity - Stock Option Activity (Details) (USD $)
9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2017
Number of Shares
 
Beginning balance (in shares)
2,876,955 
Options exercised (in shares)
(678,825)
Options cancelled (in shares)
(2,866)
Ending balance (in shares)
2,195,264 
Weighted-Average Exercise Price
 
Beginning balance (in dollars per share)
$ 14.63 
Options exercised (in dollars per share)
$ 6.21 
Options cancelled (in dollars per share)
$ 16.98 
Ending balance (in dollars per share)
$ 17.24 
Stockholder's Equity - Restricted Stock and Restricted Stock Units Activity (Details) (Restricted stock and restricted stock units, USD $)
9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2017
Restricted stock and restricted stock units
 
Number of Shares
 
Unvested beginning balance (in shares)
1,002,944 
Granted (in shares)
99,638 
Vested (in shares)
(325,023)
Canceled/Forfeited (in shares)
(20,687)
Unvested and expected to vest ending balance (in shares)
756,872 
Weighted -Average Grant Date Fair Value
 
Unvested beginning balance (in dollars per share)
$ 29.44 
Granted (in dollars per share)
$ 80.04 
Vested (in dollars per share)
$ 24.79 
Canceled/Forfeited (in dollars per share)
$ 45.22 
Unvested and expected to vest ending balance (in dollars per share)
$ 37.67 
Stockholder's Equity - Stock-based Compensation Expense (Details) (USD $)
3 Months Ended 9 Months Ended 12 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2017
Sep. 30, 2016
Sep. 30, 2017
Sep. 30, 2016
Dec. 31, 2016
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Compensation Cost [Line Items]
 
 
 
 
 
Stock-based compensation expense
$ 4,487,000 
$ 4,264,000 
$ 13,092,000 
$ 10,800,000 
 
Unrecognized compensation cost related to unvested share-based compensation arrangements
30,200,000 
 
30,200,000 
 
 
Unrecognized compensation cost, expected recognition period
 
 
2 years 5 months 5 days 
 
 
Share-based compensation expense, capitalized in inventory
 
 
200,000 
 
400,000 
Cost of revenue
 
 
 
 
 
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Compensation Cost [Line Items]
 
 
 
 
 
Stock-based compensation expense
316,000 
83,000 
817,000 
742,000 
 
Research and development
 
 
 
 
 
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Compensation Cost [Line Items]
 
 
 
 
 
Stock-based compensation expense
352,000 
251,000 
913,000 
790,000 
 
Sales, general and administrative
 
 
 
 
 
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Compensation Cost [Line Items]
 
 
 
 
 
Stock-based compensation expense
$ 3,819,000 
$ 3,930,000 
$ 11,362,000 
$ 9,268,000 
 
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) (Details) (USD $)
In Thousands, unless otherwise specified
3 Months Ended 9 Months Ended 3 Months Ended 9 Months Ended 3 Months Ended 9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2017
Dec. 31, 2016
Sep. 30, 2017
Marketable Investments
Sep. 30, 2016
Marketable Investments
Sep. 30, 2017
Marketable Investments
Sep. 30, 2016
Marketable Investments
Sep. 30, 2017
Currency Translation Adjustments
Sep. 30, 2016
Currency Translation Adjustments
Sep. 30, 2017
Currency Translation Adjustments
Sep. 30, 2016
Currency Translation Adjustments
Sep. 30, 2017
Total
Sep. 30, 2016
Total
Sep. 30, 2017
Total
Sep. 30, 2016
Total
AOCI Including Portion Attributable to Noncontrolling Interest, Net of Tax [Roll Forward]
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Beginning balance
$ 383,832 
$ 266,547 
$ (38)
$ 206 
$ (105)
$ (163)
$ (4,657)
$ (2,785)
$ (4,583)
$ (1,952)
$ (4,695)
$ (2,579)
$ (4,688)
$ (2,115)
Other comprehensive income before reclassifications:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Other comprehensive income before reclassifications
 
 
54 
(178)
157 
401 
5,845 
(901)
5,771 
(1,732)
 
 
 
 
Income tax effect — (expense) benefit
 
 
63 
(145)
66 
(144)
Net of tax
 
 
54 
(115)
157 
256 
5,845 
(898)
5,771 
(1,731)
5,899 
(1,013)
5,928 
(1,475)
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income to earnings:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Realized losses — marketable investments
 
 
(36)
(3)
(36)
(3)
Income tax effect — expense
 
 
(1)
(1)
Net of tax
 
 
(36)
(2)
(36)
(2)
Net current-year other comprehensive income (loss)
 
 
54 
(115)
121 
254 
5,845 
(898)
5,771 
(1,731)
5,899 
(1,013)
5,892 
(1,477)
Ending balance
$ 383,832 
$ 266,547 
$ 16 
$ 91 
$ 16 
$ 91 
$ 1,188 
$ (3,683)
$ 1,188 
$ (3,683)
$ 1,204 
$ (3,592)
$ 1,204 
$ (3,592)
Income Taxes (Details) (USD $)
In Millions, unless otherwise specified
3 Months Ended 9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2017
Sep. 30, 2016
Sep. 30, 2017
Sep. 30, 2016
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]
 
 
 
 
Effective tax rate
65.70% 
1,190.30% 
(107.50%)
(2,564.10%)
Deferred tax assets, valuation allowance
$ 18.6 
 
$ 18.6 
 
Net Income (Loss) per Share - Basic and Diluted Earnings per Share (Details) (USD $)
In Thousands, except Share data, unless otherwise specified
3 Months Ended 9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2017
Sep. 30, 2016
Sep. 30, 2017
Sep. 30, 2016
Numerator
 
 
 
 
Net income (loss)
$ 238 
$ 11,906 
$ (4,426)
$ 17,210 
Denominator
 
 
 
 
Weighted average shares used to compute net (loss) income per share attributable to common stockholders — Basic (in shares)
33,446,841 
30,604,384 
32,766,135 
30,269,463 
Potential dilutive shares (in shares)
2,217,431 
3,150,999 
3,098,155 
Weighted average shares used to compute net income attributable to common stockholders —Diluted (in shares)
35,664,272 
33,755,383 
32,766,135 
33,367,618 
Net (loss) income per share attributable to common stockholders — Basic (in dollars per share)
$ 0.01 
$ 0.39 
$ (0.14)
$ 0.57 
Net (loss) income per share attributable to common stockholders — Diluted (in dollars per share)
$ 0.01 
$ 0.35 
$ (0.14)
$ 0.52 
Net Income (Loss) per Share - Antidilutive Securities (Details)
3 Months Ended 9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2017
Sep. 30, 2016
Sep. 30, 2017
Sep. 30, 2016
Antidilutive Securities Excluded from Computation of Earnings Per Share [Line Items]
 
 
 
 
Antidilutive securities excluded from the computation of earnings per share (in shares)
21,150 
166,950 
3,000,000 
199,450