MORNINGSTAR, INC., 10-K filed on 2/24/2023
Annual Report
v3.22.4
Cover Page Cover - USD ($)
$ in Billions
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2022
Feb. 10, 2023
Jun. 30, 2022
Cover [Abstract]      
Document Type 10-K    
Document Annual Report true    
Document Period End Date Dec. 31, 2022    
Entity File Number 000-51280    
Entity Registrant Name MORNINGSTAR, INC.    
Entity Incorporation, State or Country Code IL    
Entity Tax Identification Number 36-3297908    
Entity Address, Address Line One 22 West Washington Street    
Entity Address, City or Town Chicago    
Entity Address, State or Province IL    
Entity Address, Postal Zip Code 60602    
City Area Code 312    
Local Phone Number 696-6000    
Title of 12(b) Security Common stock, no par value    
Trading Symbol MORN    
Security Exchange Name NASDAQ    
Entity Well-known Seasoned Issuer Yes    
Entity Voluntary Filers No    
Entity Current Reporting Status Yes    
Entity Interactive Data Current Yes    
Entity Filer Category Large Accelerated Filer    
Entity Small Business false    
Entity Emerging Growth Company false    
Entity Shell Company false    
Entity Public Float     $ 6.0
Entity Common Stock, Shares Outstanding   42,480,051  
Entity Central Index Key 0001289419    
Current Fiscal Year End Date --12-31    
Document Fiscal Year Focus 2022    
Document Fiscal Period Focus FY    
Amendment Flag false    
Documents Incorporated by Reference [Text Block] Certain parts of the registrant's Definitive Proxy Statement for the 2023 Annual Meeting of Shareholders are incorporated into Part III of this Form 10-K.    
ICFR Auditor Attestation Flag true    
Auditor Firm ID 185    
Auditor Location Chicago, IL    
Auditor Name KPMG LLP    
Document Transition Report false    
v3.22.4
Consolidated Statements of Income - USD ($)
shares in Millions, $ in Millions
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2022
Dec. 31, 2021
Dec. 31, 2020
Revenue $ 1,870.6 $ 1,699.3 $ 1,389.5
Operating expense:      
Cost of revenue 779.3 698.4 556.4
Sales and marketing 356.5 274.8 206.4
General and administrative 400.4 318.4 272.0
Depreciation and amortization 166.6 150.7 139.5
Total operating expense 1,702.8 1,442.3 1,174.3
Operating income 167.8 257.0 215.2
Non-operating income (expense):      
Interest expense, net (28.4) (8.7) (9.5)
Realized gains (losses) on sale of investments, reclassified from other comprehensive income (2.1) 5.0 2.1
Realized gains on sale of equity method investments 0.0 0.9 30.0
Holding gain on previously held equity interest 0.0 0.0 50.9
Other income (expense), net (6.7) (3.7) (5.7)
Non-operating income (expense), net (37.2) (6.5) 67.8
Income before income taxes and equity in net income (loss) of unconsolidated entities 130.6 250.5 283.0
Equity in net income (loss) of unconsolidated entities (3.6) 5.4 0.3
Income tax expense 56.5 62.6 59.7
Consolidated net income $ 70.5 $ 193.3 $ 223.6
Net income per share:      
Basic net income per share (in dollars per share) $ 1.65 $ 4.50 $ 5.22
Diluted net income per share (in dollars per share) 1.64 4.45 5.18
Dividends per common share:      
Dividends declared per common share (in dollars per share) 1.46 1.31 1.22
Dividends paid per common share (in dollars per share) $ 1.44 $ 1.26 $ 1.20
Weighted average shares outstanding:      
Basic (in shares) 42.6 43.0 42.9
Diluted (in shares) 42.9 43.4 43.2
v3.22.4
Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income - USD ($)
$ in Millions
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2022
Dec. 31, 2021
Dec. 31, 2020
Consolidated net income $ 70.5 $ 193.3 $ 223.6
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax:      
Foreign currency translation adjustment (58.2) (15.1) 37.3
Unrealized gains (losses) on securities:      
Unrealized holding gains (losses) arising during period (7.0) 5.7 2.9
Reclassification of gains included in net income 1.5 (3.9) (1.6)
Other comprehensive income (loss) (63.7) (13.3) 38.6
Comprehensive income $ 6.8 $ 180.0 $ 262.2
v3.22.4
Consolidated Balance Sheets - USD ($)
$ in Millions
Dec. 31, 2022
Dec. 31, 2021
Current assets:    
Cash and cash equivalents $ 376.6 $ 483.8
Investments 38.0 62.3
Accounts receivable, less allowance for credit losses of $6.6 million and $4.5 million, respectively 307.9 268.9
Income tax receivable 0.0 8.9
Deferred commissions 40.7 31.2
Prepaid Expense 36.7 30.6
Other current assets 10.9 1.9
Total current assets 810.8 887.6
Property, equipment, and capitalized software, net 199.4 171.8
Investments in unconsolidated entities 96.0 63.3
Goodwill 1,571.7 1,207.0
Operating lease assets 191.6 149.2
Intangible assets, net 548.6 328.2
Deferred tax asset, net 10.8 12.8
Deferred commissions 35.4 31.1
Other assets 10.5 11.7
Total assets 3,474.8 2,862.7
Current liabilities:    
Accounts payable and accrued liabilities 76.2 76.5
Accrued compensation 220.1 273.7
Deferred revenue 455.6 377.4
Current portion of long-term debt 32.1 0.0
Operating lease liabilities 37.3 36.4
Contingent consideration liability 50.0 17.3
Other current liabilities 11.2 2.2
Total current liabilities 882.5 783.5
Operating lease liabilities 176.7 135.7
Accrued compensation 20.7 16.3
Deferred tax liabilities, net 62.9 101.7
Long-term debt 1,077.5 359.4
Deferred revenue 33.5 36.4
Other long-term liabilities 13.9 13.8
Total liabilities 2,267.7 1,446.8
Morningstar, Inc. shareholders’ equity:    
Common stock, no par value, 200,000,000 shares authorized, of which 42,480,051 and 43,136,273 shares were outstanding as of December 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively 0.0 0.0
Treasury stock at cost, 11,991,517 and 11,124,021 shares as of December 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021 respectively (986.7) (764.3)
Additional paid-in capital 757.8 689.0
Retained earnings 1,535.0 1,526.5
Accumulated other comprehensive loss:    
Currency translation adjustment (99.0) (40.8)
Unrealized gain on available-for-sale investments, net of tax 0.0 5.5
Total accumulated other comprehensive loss (99.0) (35.3)
Total equity 1,207.1 1,415.9
Total liabilities and equity $ 3,474.8 $ 2,862.7
v3.22.4
Consolidated Balance Sheets (Parenthetical) - USD ($)
$ in Millions
Dec. 31, 2022
Dec. 31, 2021
Statement of Financial Position [Abstract]    
Allowance for doubtful accounts $ 6.6 $ 4.5
Common stock, no par value $ 0 $ 0
Common stock, shares authorized 200,000,000 200,000,000
Common stock, shares outstanding 42,480,051 43,136,273
Treasury stock, shares 11,991,517 11,124,021
v3.22.4
Consolidated Statement of Equity - USD ($)
$ in Millions
Total
Common Stock
Treasury Stock
Additional Paid-In Capital
Retained Earnings
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)
Balance at Dec. 31, 2019 $ 1,083.6 $ 0.0 $ (728.7) $ 655.0 $ 1,217.9 $ (60.6)
Balance (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2019   42,848,359        
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity            
Consolidated net income 223.6       223.6  
Other Comprehensive Income (loss)            
Unrealized gain on available-for-sale investments, net of income tax 2.9         2.9
Reclassification of adjustments for gains included in net income, net of income tax (1.6)         (1.6)
Other comprehensive income (loss) 38.6         38.6
Issuance of common stock related to stock-option exercises and vesting of restricted stock units, net (23.1)   3.3 (26.4) 0.0 0.0
Reclassification of awards previously liability-classified that were converted to equity 6.1   0.0 6.1 0.0 0.0
Issuance of common stock related to stock-option exercises and vesting of restricted stock units, net (in shares)   364,724        
APIC, Share-based Payment Arrangement, Increase for Cost Recognition [Abstract]            
Stock-based compensation — restricted stock units 22.2   0.0 22.2 0.0 0.0
Stock-based compensation — performance share awards 10.2   0.0 10.2 0.0 0.0
Stock-based compensation — market stock units 4.2   0.0 4.2 0.0 0.0
Dividends declared ($1.46 per share) (52.1)   0.0 0.0 (52.1) 0.0
Common share repurchased (41.9)   (41.9) 0.0 0.0 0.0
Common share repurchased (in shares)   (314,925)        
Balance at Dec. 31, 2020 1,271.4 $ 0.0 (767.3) 671.3 1,389.4 (22.0)
Balance (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2020   42,898,158        
APIC, Share-based Payment Arrangement, Increase for Cost Recognition [Abstract]            
Foreign currency translation adjustment 37.3         37.3
Consolidated net income 193.3       193.3 0.0
Unrealized gain on available-for-sale investments, net of income tax 5.7       0.0 5.7
Reclassification of adjustments for gains included in net income, net of income tax (3.9)       0.0 (3.9)
Other comprehensive income (loss) (13.3)       0.0 (13.3)
Issuance of common stock related to stock-option exercises and vesting of restricted stock units, net (28.7)   4.3 (33.0)    
Reclassification of awards previously liability-classified that were converted to equity 8.8     8.8    
Issuance of common stock related to stock-option exercises and vesting of restricted stock units, net (in shares)   243,015        
Stock-based compensation — restricted stock units 25.8     25.8    
Stock-based compensation — performance share awards 10.6     10.6    
Stock-based compensation — market stock units 5.5     5.5    
Dividends declared ($1.46 per share) (56.2)       (56.2)  
Common share repurchased (1.3)   (1.3)      
Common share repurchased (in shares)   (4,900)        
Balance at Dec. 31, 2021 $ 1,415.9 $ 0.0 (764.3) 689.0 1,526.5 (35.3)
Balance (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2021 43,136,273 43,136,273        
APIC, Share-based Payment Arrangement, Increase for Cost Recognition [Abstract]            
Foreign currency translation adjustment $ (15.1)       0.0 (15.1)
Retained earnings 1,526.5          
Consolidated net income 70.5       70.5  
Unrealized gain on available-for-sale investments, net of income tax (7.0)         (7.0)
Reclassification of adjustments for gains included in net income, net of income tax 1.5         1.5
Other comprehensive income (loss) (63.7)         (63.7)
Issuance of common stock related to stock-option exercises and vesting of restricted stock units, net (30.0)   3.6 (33.6)    
Reclassification of awards previously liability-classified that were converted to equity 19.2     19.2    
Issuance of common stock related to stock-option exercises and vesting of restricted stock units, net (in shares)   226,652        
Stock-based compensation — restricted stock units 35.9     35.9    
Stock-based compensation — performance share awards 37.2     37.2    
Stock-based compensation — market stock units 10.1     10.1    
Dividends declared ($1.46 per share) (62.0)       (62.0)  
Common share repurchased (226.0)   (226.0)      
Common share repurchased (in shares)   (882,874)        
Balance at Dec. 31, 2022 $ 1,207.1 $ 0.0 $ (986.7) $ 757.8 $ 1,535.0 (99.0)
Balance (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2022 42,480,051 42,480,051        
APIC, Share-based Payment Arrangement, Increase for Cost Recognition [Abstract]            
Foreign currency translation adjustment $ (58.2)         $ (58.2)
Retained earnings $ 1,535.0          
v3.22.4
Consolidated Statement of Equity (Parenthetical) - USD ($)
$ in Millions
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2022
Dec. 31, 2021
Dec. 31, 2020
Statement of Stockholders' Equity [Abstract]      
Dividends declared per common share (in dollars per share) $ 1.46 $ 1.31 $ 1.22
Total operating expense $ 1,702.8 $ 1,442.3 $ 1,174.3
Cost of revenue 779.3 698.4 556.4
Sales and marketing 356.5 274.8 206.4
General and administrative 400.4 318.4 272.0
Depreciation and amortization $ 166.6 $ 150.7 $ 139.5
v3.22.4
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows - USD ($)
$ in Millions
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2022
Dec. 31, 2021
Dec. 31, 2020
Operating activities      
Consolidated net income $ 70.5 $ 193.3 $ 223.6
Adjustments to reconcile consolidated net income to net cash flows from operating activities:      
Depreciation and amortization 166.6 150.7 139.5
Deferred income taxes (37.3) (12.1) (6.7)
Stock-based compensation expense 83.2 41.9 36.6
Provision for bad debt 3.8 1.9 2.8
Equity in net (income) loss of unconsolidated entities 3.6 (5.4) (0.3)
Gain on sale of equity method investments 0.0 (0.9) (30.0)
Holding gain on previously held equity interest 0.0 0.0 (50.9)
Acquisition earn-out accrual 4.5 17.8 27.8
Other, net 14.9 (0.9) 3.0
Changes in operating assets and liabilities      
Accounts receivable (38.6) (67.9) (9.2)
Accounts payable and accrued liabilities (2.0) 7.1 (9.5)
Accrued compensation and deferred commissions (37.5) 58.0 18.2
Income taxes, current 18.9 (6.1) 8.0
Deferred revenue 60.0 78.2 29.5
Other assets and liabilities (12.8) (5.7) 1.9
Cash provided by operating activities 297.8 449.9 384.3
Investing activities      
Purchases of investment securities (36.5) (71.1) (56.4)
Proceeds from maturities and sales of investment securities 43.0 58.8 46.9
Capital expenditures (129.5) (101.8) (76.7)
Acquisitions, net of cash acquired (646.7) (24.8) (67.8)
Proceeds from sale of equity method investments, net 0.0 1.1 35.2
Purchases of investments in unconsolidated entities (29.4) (29.8) (6.7)
Other, net (0.2) (0.1) 1.7
Cash used for investing activities (799.3) (167.7) (123.8)
Financing activities      
Common shares repurchased (226.0) (1.3) (41.9)
Dividends paid (61.5) (54.2) (51.4)
Proceeds from revolving credit facility 475.0 10.0 60.0
Repayment of revolving credit facility (355.0) (10.0) (130.0)
Proceeds from 2030 Notes 0.0 0.0 350.0
Proceeds from Lines of Credit 650.0 0.0 0.0
Repayment of term facility 19.1 90.0 343.4
Proceeds from stock-option exercises 0.0 0.2 1.9
Employee taxes withheld for stock awards (29.9) (29.0) (25.1)
Payment of acquisition-related earn-outs (16.2) (34.4) 0.0
Other, net (2.2) (3.1) (2.3)
Cash provided by (used for) financing activities 415.1 (211.8) (182.2)
Effect of Exchange Rate on Cash, Cash Equivalents, Restricted Cash, and Restricted Cash Equivalents, Continuing Operations (20.8) (9.1) 10.1
Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents (107.2) 61.3 88.4
Cash and cash equivalents—beginning of period 483.8 422.5 334.1
Cash and cash equivalents—end of period 376.6 483.8 422.5
Supplemental disclosure of cash flow information:      
Cash paid for income taxes 75.3 80.9 58.2
Cash paid for interest 28.4 10.4 11.1
Supplemental information of non-cash investing and financing activities:      
Unrealized gain on available-for-sale investments $ 0.4 $ 2.1 $ 1.8
v3.22.4
Description of Business
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2022
Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements [Abstract]  
Description of Business Description of Business
 
Morningstar, Inc. and its subsidiaries (Morningstar, we, our, the company) provide independent investment insights for investors around the world. We offer an extensive line of products and services for individual and institutional investors in public and private capital markets, financial advisors, asset managers, retirement plan providers and sponsors, and issuers of securities. We conduct business operations through wholly- or majority-owned subsidiaries in 32 countries.
v3.22.4
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2022
Accounting Policies [Abstract]  
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
The acronyms that appear in these Notes to our Consolidated Financial Statements refer to the following:
ASCAccounting Standards Codification
ASUAccounting Standards Update
FASBFinancial Accounting Standards Board
SECSecurities and Exchange Commission

Principles of Consolidation. We conduct our business operations through wholly- or majority-owned operating subsidiaries. The accompanying consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Morningstar, Inc. and our subsidiaries. We consolidate assets, liabilities, and results of operations of subsidiaries in which we have a controlling interest and eliminate all significant intercompany accounts and transactions.

We account for investments in entities in which we exercise significant influence, but do not control, using the equity method.

As part of our investment management operations, we manage certain funds outside of the U.S. that are considered variable interest entities. For most of these variable interest entities, we do not have a variable interest. In cases where we do have a variable interest, we are not the primary beneficiary. Accordingly, we do not consolidate any of these variable interest entities.

Use of Estimates. The preparation of financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the U.S. (GAAP) requires us to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues, and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results may differ from these estimates.

Cash and Cash Equivalents. Cash and cash equivalents consist of cash and investments with original maturities of three months or less. We state them at cost, which approximates fair value. We state the portion of our cash equivalents that are invested in money market funds at fair value, as these funds are actively traded and have quoted market prices.

Investments. We account for our investments in debt securities in accordance with FASB ASC 320, Investments—Debt Securities (FASB ASC 320). We classify our debt securities into two categories: held-to-maturity and available-for-sale.

Held-to-maturity: We classify certain investments, primarily certificates of deposit, as held-to-maturity securities, based on our intent and ability to hold these securities to maturity. We record held-to-maturity investments at amortized cost in our Consolidated Balance Sheets.
Available-for-sale: Investments not considered held-to-maturity or trading securities are classified as available-for-sale securities. Available-for-sale securities primarily consist of marketable debt securities. We report unrealized gains and losses for available-for-sale securities as other comprehensive income (loss), net of related income taxes. We record these securities at their fair values in our Consolidated Balance Sheets.

We account for our investments in equity securities in accordance with FASB ASC 321, Investments— Equity Securities (FASB ASC 321). We measure equity investments at fair value with the related realized and unrealized gains and losses recognized in our Consolidated Statements of Income. For equity investments without a readily determinable fair value, we measure these at cost less impairment and adjusting for observable price changes in orderly transactions. We will apply this measurement method to the investment until or if it becomes eligible to be measured at fair value, which is reassessed at each reporting period. We account for non-marketable equity investments over which we exercise significant influence, but do not have control over the investee, under the equity method.

Fair Value Measurements. FASB ASC 820, Fair Value Measurements (FASB ASC 820) defines fair value, establishes a framework for measuring fair value, and expands disclosures about fair value measurements. Under FASB ASC 820, fair value is defined as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants as of the measurement date. The standard applies whenever other standards require (or permit) assets or liabilities to be measured at fair value.

FASB ASC 820 uses a fair value hierarchy based on three broad levels of valuation inputs:

•    Level 1: Valuations based on quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities that we have the ability to access.

•    Level 2: Valuations based on quoted prices in markets that are not active or for which all significant inputs are observable, either directly or indirectly.

•    Level 3: Valuations based on inputs that are unobservable and significant to the overall fair value measurement.

We provide additional information about our cash equivalents and investments that are subject to FASB ASC 820 in Note 7.

Business Combinations. When we acquire a business, we account for the business combination in accordance with FASB ASC 805, Business Combinations (FASB ASC 805). We recognize and measure the fair value of the acquired business and allocate the purchase price to the identifiable tangible and intangible assets acquired and liabilities assumed based upon their estimated fair values at the date of acquisition. The difference between the purchase price and the estimated fair value of the net assets acquired or the excess of the aggregate estimated fair values of assets acquired and liabilities assumed is recorded as goodwill. In determining the estimated fair values of assets acquired and liabilities assumed in a business combination, we use various recognized valuation methods, including discounted cash flow, Monte Carlo simulations, and relief from royalty. For a business combination achieved in stages, we remeasure our previously held equity interest immediately before the acquisition to the acquisition date fair value and recognize any gain in our Consolidated Statements of Income.

We recognize the fair value of any contingent payments at the date of acquisition as part of the consideration transferred to acquire a business. The liability associated with contingent consideration is remeasured to fair value at each reporting period subsequent to the date of acquisition considering factors that may impact the timing and amount of contingent payments until the term of the agreement has expired or the contingency is resolved. Any changes in the fair value measurement will be recorded in our Consolidated Statements of Income. In evaluating the characterization of contingent and deferred payments, we analyze relevant factors, including the nature of the payment, continuing employment requirements, incremental payments to employees of the acquired business, and timing and rationale underlying the transaction, to determine whether the payments should be accounted for as additional purchase consideration or post-combination related services.
We expense direct costs related to the business combination, such as accounting, legal, valuation, and other professional fees, as incurred. We recognize restructuring costs, including severance and relocation for employees of the acquired entity, as post-combination expenses unless the target entity meets the criteria of ASC 420, Exit or Disposal Cost Obligations, on the acquisition date.

As part of the purchase price allocation, we follow the requirements of FASB ASC 740, Income Taxes (FASB ASC 740). This includes establishing deferred tax assets or liabilities reflecting the difference between the values assigned for financial statement purposes and income tax purposes. In certain acquisitions, the goodwill resulting from the purchase price allocation may not be deductible for income tax purposes. FASB ASC 740 prohibits recognition of a deferred tax asset or liability for temporary differences in goodwill if goodwill is not amortizable and deductible for tax purposes.

Goodwill. Changes in the carrying amount of our recorded goodwill are mainly the result of business acquisitions, divestitures, and the effect of foreign currency translations. In accordance with FASB ASC 350, Intangibles—Goodwill and Other, we do not amortize goodwill; instead, goodwill is subject to an impairment test annually, or whenever indicators of impairment exist. An impairment would occur if the carrying amount of a reporting unit exceeded the fair value of that reporting unit. We performed our annual impairment review in the fourth quarter and did not record any impairment losses in 2022, 2021, and 2020.

Intangible Assets. We amortize intangible assets using the straight-line method over their estimated useful lives, which range from one to twenty years. We have no intangible assets with indefinite useful lives. In accordance with FASB ASC 360-10-35, Subsequent Measurement—Impairment or Disposal of Long-Lived Assets, we review intangible assets for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying value may not be recoverable. If the value of future undiscounted cash flows is less than the carrying amount of an asset group, we record an impairment loss based on the excess of the carrying amount over the fair value of the asset group. We did not record any impairment losses in 2022, 2021, and 2020.

Property, Equipment, and Depreciation. We state property and equipment at historical cost, net of accumulated depreciation in accordance with FASB ASC 360-10, Property, Plant, and Equipment. We depreciate property and equipment using the straight-line method based on the useful life of the asset, which ranges from three to seven years. We amortize leasehold improvements over the lease term or their useful lives, whichever is shorter. Long-lived assets that are held and used are reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying value may not be recoverable. If the value of future undiscounted cash flows is less than the carrying amount of an asset group, we record an impairment loss based on the excess of the carrying amount over the fair value of the asset group.

Computer Software and Internal Product Development Costs. We capitalize certain costs in accordance with FASB ASC 350-40, Internal-Use Software. Internal product development costs mainly consist of employee costs for developing new web-based products and certain major enhancements of existing products. We amortize these costs on a straight-line basis over the estimated economic life, which is generally three years. We include capitalized software development costs related to projects that have not been placed into service in our construction in progress balance.

The table below summarizes our depreciation expense related to capitalized developed software for the past three years:
(in millions)202220212020
Capitalized software depreciation expense$64.3 $59.9 $53.9 

The table below summarizes our capitalized software development costs for the past three years:
(in millions)202220212020
Capitalized software development costs$81.0 $74.0 $60.3 
Leases. We account for our right-of-use assets and operating lease liabilities in accordance with FASB ASC 842, Leases (FASB ASC 842). We determine if a contract is or contains a lease at the inception of the contract. For identified operating leases, we recognize a lease liability and right-of-use asset on the consolidated balance sheet. The right-of-use asset represents our right to use an underlying asset for the lease term, and the operating lease liability represents the company's obligation to make lease payments.
 
Our lease agreements consist primarily of real estate leases for office space and non-real estate leases for office equipment. In cases where an agreement contains both a lease and non-lease component, we do not allocate consideration to both components, but account for each as a single lease component by class of underlying asset. There are few instances of short-term agreements in our lease portfolio, which are typically arranged as needed and paid on a month-to-month basis. These leases are not recognized on the Consolidated Balance Sheet, but monthly lease expense is recognized on the Consolidated Statements of Income.
 
Right-of-use assets and operating lease liabilities are measured using the present value of future lease payments of the lease term at the commencement date. Right-of-use assets also include initial direct costs incurred by the company, net of prepayments and lease incentives. In the absence of an explicit rate in the lease agreement, the discount rate used to calculate present value is equal to the company's incremental borrowing rate. Operating lease expense is recognized on a straight-line basis over the life of the lease and is included in general and administrative expenses on the Consolidated Statements of Income.

Revenue Recognition. We recognize revenue in accordance with FASB ASC Topic 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (FASB ASC Topic 606).

Under FASB ASC Topic 606, we recognize revenue by applying the following five-step model to each of our customer arrangements:

1.Identify the customer contract;
2.Identify the performance obligations in the contract;
3.Determine the transaction price;
4.Allocate the transaction price to the performance obligations; and
5.Recognize revenue when (or as) performance obligations are satisfied.

Revenues are recognized when (or as) performance obligations are satisfied by transferring a promised product or service to the customer. Products or services are transferred when (or as) the customer obtains control of the product or service. The transaction price for a customer arrangement is the amount we expect to be entitled to in exchange for transferring the promised product or service. The transaction price may include fixed amounts, variable amounts, or both. When the right to payment exceeds revenue recognized, the result is an increase to deferred revenue. When a customer’s license-based contract is signed, the customer’s service is activated immediately, except where customizations are required. License-based arrangements, our largest source of revenue from customers, generally are billed quarterly or annually. Customers are typically given payment terms of zero to sixty days.

Revenue from contracts with customers is derived from license-based arrangements, asset-based arrangements, and transaction-based arrangements.

License-based revenue, which represents subscription services available to customers and not a license under the accounting guidance, is generated through subscription contracts with our customers of PitchBook, Morningstar Data, Morningstar Direct, Morningstar Sustainalytics, Morningstar Advisor Workstation, Morningstar Enterprise Components, and other similar products. Our performance obligations under these contracts are typically satisfied over time, as the customer has access to the service during the term of the subscription license and the level of service is consistent during the contract period. Each individual day within the contract period is viewed to be a service and the entirety of the service subscription term is determined to be a series combined into a single performance obligation and recognized over-time and on a straight-line basis, typically over terms of 1 to 3 years.
Asset-based revenue is generated through contracts with our customers of Morningstar Investment Management, Workplace Solutions, and Morningstar Indexes. Our performance obligations under these contracts are a daily asset management performance obligation, which is determined to be a daily service and thus satisfied over time as the customer receives continuous access to a service for the contract term. We recognize revenue daily over the contract term based on the value of assets under management and a tiered fee agreed to with the customer. Asset-based arrangements typically have a term of 1 to 3 years. The fees from such arrangements represent variable consideration, and the customer does not make separate purchasing decisions that result in additional performance obligations. Significant changes in the underlying fund assets, or significant disruptions in the market, are evaluated to determine if revisions to estimates of earned asset-based fees for the current quarter are needed. An estimate of the average daily portfolio balance is a key input in determining revenue for a given period. Estimates are based on the most recently reported quarter, and, as a result, it is unlikely a significant reversal of revenue would occur.

Transaction-based revenue is generated through contracts with our customers for DBRS Morningstar products and services, Internet advertising on Morningstar.com, and Morningstar-sponsored conferences. Our performance obligations for DBRS Morningstar include the issuance of the rating and may include surveillance services for a period of time as agreed with the customer. We allocate the transaction price to the deliverables based on their relative selling price, which is generally determined by the price we charge when the same deliverable is sold separately. Our performance obligation for the issuance of the rating is satisfied when the rating is issued, which is when we recognize the related revenue. Our performance obligations for surveillance services are satisfied over time, as the customer has access to the service during the surveillance period and the level of service is consistent during the contract period. Therefore, we recognize revenue for this performance obligation on a straight-line basis. Our performance obligations for Internet advertising and Morningstar-sponsored conferences are satisfied as the service is delivered; therefore, we recognize revenue when the performance obligation is satisfied (as the customer’s advertisements are displayed and at the completion of the Morningstar-sponsored conference).

Our contracts with customers may include multiple performance obligations. For most of these arrangements, we generally allocate revenue to each performance obligation based on its estimated standalone selling price. We generally determine standalone selling prices based on prices charged to customers when the same performance obligation is sold separately.

Our contracts with customers may include third-party involvement in providing goods or services to the customer. The inclusion of third-party content does not result in separate performance obligations because is it not delivered separately from the other service offerings. In these arrangements, the customer has contracted to receive a single, integrated and bundled solution with third-party and Morningstar content delivered via Morningstar’s subscription services. Revenue and related costs of revenue from third-party content is presented on a gross basis within the consolidated financial statements.

Deferred revenue represents the portion of licenses or subscriptions billed or collected in advance of the service being provided which we expect to recognize as revenue in future periods.

Sales Commissions. We capitalize sales commissions, which are considered directly attributable to obtaining a customer contract under FASB ASC Topic 606 and FASB ASC 340-40, Other Assets and Deferred Costs - Contracts with Customers. Estimates of these capitalized costs are developed by using a portfolio approach that aggregates these costs by legal entity within their geographical regions. Capitalized sales commissions are amortized using the straight-line method over a period that is consistent with the transfer of the products or services to the customer to which the sales commission relates. The period of transfer for each portfolio is the shorter of the weighted-average customer life, or the economic life of the underlying technology that delivers the products or services. As of December 31, 2022, the period of transfer was determined to be approximately three years. Discretionary amounts which are added to sales commission payments are expensed as incurred, as they are not considered to be directly attributable to obtaining a customer contract.

Stock-Based Compensation Expense. We account for our stock-based compensation expense in accordance with FASB ASC 718, Compensation—Stock Compensation (FASB ASC 718). Our stock-based compensation expense reflects grants of restricted stock units, performance share awards, and market stock units. We measure the fair value of our restricted stock units and performance share awards on the grant date based on the closing market price of Morningstar's common stock on the day prior to the grant. For market stock units, we estimate the fair value of the awards using a Monte Carlo valuation model. We amortize the fair values to stock-based compensation expense, net of estimated forfeitures, ratably over the vesting period.
We estimate expected forfeitures of all employee stock-based awards and recognize compensation cost only for those awards expected to vest. We determine forfeiture rates based on historical experience and adjust the estimated forfeitures to actual forfeiture experience, as needed.

Income Taxes. We record deferred income taxes for the temporary differences between the carrying amount of assets and liabilities for financial statement purposes and tax purposes in accordance with FASB ASC 740, which prescribes the minimum recognition threshold a tax position is required to meet before being recognized in the financial statements. It also provides guidance on derecognition, measurement, classification, interest and penalties, accounting in interim periods, and disclosure for uncertain tax positions.

We recognize interest and penalties related to unrecognized tax benefits as part of income tax expense in our Consolidated Statements of Income. We classify liabilities related to unrecognized tax benefits as either current or long-term liabilities in our Consolidated Balance Sheet, depending on when we expect to make payment.
v3.22.4
Credit Arrangements
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2022
Debt Disclosure [Abstract]  
Credit Arrangements Credit Arrangements
Debt

The following table summarizes our debt as of December 31, 2022 and 2021.
(in millions)As of December 31, 2022As of December 31, 2021
Term Facility, net of unamortized debt issuance costs of $0.7 million and $0.1 million, respectively$641.1 $11.0 
Revolving Credit Facility120.0 — 
2.32% Senior Notes due October 26, 2030, net of unamortized debt issuance costs of $1.5 million and $1.6 million, respectively
348.5 348.4 
Total debt$1,109.6 $359.4 

Credit Agreement

On July 2, 2019, the company entered into a senior credit agreement (the 2019 Credit Agreement). The 2019 Credit Agreement provided the company with a five-year multi-currency credit facility with an initial borrowing capacity of up to $750.0 million, including a $300.0 million revolving credit facility (the 2019 Revolving Credit Facility) and a term loan facility of $450.0 million. The 2019 Credit Agreement also provided for the issuance of up to $50.0 million of letters of credit and a $100.0 million sub-limit for a swingline facility under the 2019 Revolving Credit Facility. On May 6, 2022, the company terminated the 2019 Credit Agreement.

On May 6, 2022, the company entered into a new senior credit agreement (the 2022 Credit Agreement). The 2022 Credit Agreement provided the company with a five-year multi-currency credit facility with an initial borrowing capacity of up to $1.1 billion, including a $650.0 million term loan (the 2022 Term Facility) with an initial draw of $600.0 million and an option for a second draw of up to $50.0 million and a $450.0 million revolving credit facility (the 2022 Revolving Credit Facility). The 2022 Credit Agreement also provided for the issuance of up to $50.0 million of letters of credit and a $100.0 million sub-limit for a swingline.
The proceeds of the first draw under the 2022 Term Facility and initial borrowings under the 2022 Revolving Credit Facility were used to finance the acquisition of Leveraged Commentary & Data (LCD) and to repay a portion of the borrowings under the 2019 Revolving Credit Facility. The optional second draw on the 2022 Term Facility was available to fund the contingent consideration payment of up to $50.0 million in connection with the LCD acquisition.

The 2022 Credit Agreement was amended (the Amended 2022 Credit Agreement) on September 13, 2022 (the First Amendment to the 2022 Credit Agreement) and on September 30, 2022 (the Second Amendment to the 2022 Credit Agreement). The First Amendment to the 2022 Credit Agreement terminated the unfunded term commitment related to the optional second draw of up to $50.0 million in the 2022 Term Facility and increased the 2022 Revolving Credit Facility to $600.0 million. The Second Amendment to the 2022 Credit Agreement increased the 2022 Term Facility to a fully funded $650.0 million facility (the Amended 2022 Term Facility) and increased the 2022 Revolving Credit Facility to $650.0 million (the Amended 2022 Revolving Credit Facility) for total borrowing capacity of $1.3 billion. As of December 31, 2022, our total outstanding debt under the Amended 2022 Credit Agreement was $761.1 million, net of debt issuance costs, with borrowing availability of $530.0 million under the 2022 Revolving Credit Facility. Except for incremental borrowing capacity, there were no material changes to the existing terms and conditions of the 2022 Credit Agreement.

The proceeds of the additional draw under the Amended 2022 Term Facility were used to repay borrowings under the 2022 Revolving Credit Facility. The proceeds of future borrowings under the Amended 2022 Revolving Credit Facility may be used for working capital, capital expenditures, or other general corporate purposes.

The interest rate applicable to any loan under the Amended 2022 Credit Agreement is, at the company's option, either: (i) the applicable Secured Overnight Financing Rate (SOFR) plus an applicable margin for such loans, which ranges between 1.00% and 1.48%, based on the company's consolidated leverage ratio or (ii) the lender's base rate plus the applicable margin for such loans, which ranges between 0.00% and 0.38%, based on our consolidated leverage ratio.

The portions of deferred debt issuance costs related to the Amended 2022 Revolving Credit Facility are included in other current and non-current assets, and the portion of deferred debt issuance costs related to the Amended 2022 Term Facility is reported as a reduction to the carrying amount of the Amended 2022 Term Facility. Debt issuance costs related to the Amended 2022 Revolving Credit Facility are amortized on a straight-line basis to interest expense over the term of the Amended 2022 Credit Agreement. Debt issuance costs related to the Amended 2022 Term Facility are amortized to interest expense using the effective interest method over the term of the Amended 2022 Credit Agreement.

Private Placement Debt Offering

On October 26, 2020, we completed the issuance and sale of $350.0 million aggregate principal amount of 2.32% senior notes due October 26, 2030 (the 2030 Notes), in a private placement exempt from the registration requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended. Proceeds were primarily used to pay off a portion of the company's outstanding debt under the 2019 Credit Agreement. Interest on the 2030 Notes will be paid semi-annually on each October 30 and April 30 during the term of the 2030 Notes and at maturity, with the first interest payment date occurring on April 30, 2021. As of December 31, 2022, our total outstanding debt, net of issuance costs, under the 2030 Notes was $348.5 million.

Compliance with Covenants

Each of the Amended 2022 Credit Agreement and the 2030 Notes include customary representations, warranties, and covenants, including financial covenants, that require us to maintain specified ratios of consolidated earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation, and amortization (EBITDA) to consolidated interest charges and consolidated funded indebtedness to consolidated EBITDA, which are tested on a quarterly basis. We were in compliance with these financial covenants as of December 31, 2022.
v3.22.4
Income Per Share
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2022
Earnings Per Share [Abstract]  
Income Per Share Income Per Share
 
The following table shows how we reconcile our net income and the number of shares used in computing basic and diluted net income per share:

(in millions, except per share amounts)202220212020
Basic net income per share:
Consolidated net income $70.5 $193.3 $223.6 
Weighted average common shares outstanding42.6 43.0 42.9 
Basic net income per share$1.65 $4.50 $5.22 
Diluted net income per share:
Consolidated net income$70.5 $193.3 $223.6 
Weighted average common shares outstanding42.6 43.0 42.9 
Net effect of dilutive stock options and stock awards0.3 0.4 0.3 
Weighted average common shares outstanding for computing diluted income per share42.9 43.4 43.2 
Diluted net income per share$1.64 $4.45 $5.18 
During the periods presented, the number of anti-dilutive restricted stock units, performance share awards, or market stock units excluded from our calculation of diluted earnings per share was immaterial.
v3.22.4
Revenue
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2022
Revenue from Contract with Customer [Abstract]  
Revenue Revenue
Disaggregation of Revenue

The following table presents our revenue disaggregated by revenue type. Sales and usage-based taxes are excluded from revenue.
Year ended December 31
(in millions)202220212020
License-based $1,331.7 $1,131.7 $934.9 
Asset-based269.4 264.9 223.8 
Transaction-based269.5 302.7 230.8 
Consolidated revenue$1,870.6 $1,699.3 $1,389.5 

License-based performance obligations are generally satisfied over time as the customer has access to the product or service during the term of the subscription license and the level of service is consistent during the contract period. License-based agreements typically have a term of 1 to 3 years and are accounted for as subscription services available to customers and not as a license under the accounting guidance. License-based revenue is generated from the sale of PitchBook, Morningstar Data, Morningstar Direct, Morningstar Sustainalytics, Morningstar Advisor Workstation, and other similar products.
Asset-based performance obligations are satisfied over time as the customer receives continuous access to a service for the term of the agreement. Asset-based arrangements typically have a term of 1 to 3 years. Asset-based fees represent variable consideration, and the customer does not make separate purchasing decisions that result in additional performance obligations. The timing of client asset reporting and the structure of certain contracts can result in a one-quarter lag between market movements and the impact on earned revenue. Significant changes in the underlying fund assets and significant disruptions in the market are evaluated to determine whether estimates of earned asset-based fees need to be revised for the current quarter. An estimate of variable consideration is included in the initial transaction price only to the extent it is probable that a significant reversal in the amount of the revenue recognized will not occur. Estimates of asset-based fees are based on the most recently completed quarter and, as a result, it is unlikely a significant reversal of revenue would occur. Asset-based revenue is generated by Investment Management, Workplace Solutions, and Morningstar Indexes.

Transaction-based performance obligations are satisfied when the product or service is completed or delivered. Transaction-based revenue is generated by DBRS Morningstar, Internet advertising, and Morningstar-sponsored conferences. DBRS Morningstar revenue includes revenue from surveillance services, which is recognized over time, as the customer has access to the service during the surveillance period.

Contract liabilities

Our contract liabilities represent deferred revenue. We record contract liabilities when cash payments are received or due in advance of our performance, including amounts which may be refundable. The contract liabilities balance as of December 31, 2022 had a net increase of $75.3 million, primarily driven by cash payments received or payable in advance of satisfying our performance obligations. We recognized $309.2 million of revenue in 2022 that was included in the contract liabilities balance as of December 31, 2021.

We expect to recognize revenue related to our contract liabilities, including future billings, for 2023 and subsequent years as follows:
(in millions)As of December 31, 2022
2023$790.2 
2024176.3 
202558.5 
202614.6 
20275.9 
Thereafter 28.2 
Total$1,073.7 

The aggregate amount of revenue we expect to recognize for 2023 and subsequent years is higher than our contract liability balance of $489.1 million as of December 31, 2022. The difference represents the value of future obligations for signed contracts that have yet to be billed.

The table above does not include variable consideration for unsatisfied performance obligations related to certain of our licensed-based, asset-based, and transaction-based contracts as of December 31, 2022. We are applying the optional exemption available under ASC Topic 606, as the variable consideration relates to these unsatisfied performance obligations being fulfilled as a series. The performance obligations related to these contracts are expected to be satisfied over the next 1 to 3 years as services are provided to the client. For license-based contracts, the consideration received for services performed is based on the number of future users, which is not known until the services are performed. The variable consideration for this revenue can be affected by the number of user licenses, which cannot be reasonably estimated. For asset-based contracts, the consideration received for services performed is based on future asset values, which are not known until the services are performed. The variable consideration for this revenue can be affected by changes in the underlying value of fund assets due to client redemptions, additional investments, or movements in the market. For transaction-based contracts for Internet advertising, the consideration received for services performed is based on the number of impressions, which is not known until the impressions are created. The variable consideration for this revenue can be affected by the timing and quantity of impressions in any given period and cannot be reasonably estimated.
As of December 31, 2022, the table above also does not include revenue for unsatisfied performance obligations related to certain of our license-based and transaction-based contracts with durations of one year or less since we are applying the optional exemption under ASC Topic 606. For certain license-based contracts, the remaining performance obligation is expected to be less than one year based on the corresponding subscription terms or the existence of cancellation terms that may be exercised causing the contract term to be less than one year from December 31, 2022. For transaction-based contracts, such as new credit rating issuances and Morningstar-sponsored conferences, the related performance obligations are expected to be satisfied within the next 12 months.

Contract Assets

Our contract assets represent accounts receivable, less allowance for credit losses, and deferred commissions.

The following table summarizes our contract assets balance:
As of December 31
(in millions)20222021
Accounts receivable, less allowance for credit losses$307.9 $268.9 
Deferred commissions76.1 62.3 
Total contract assets$384.0 $331.2 
v3.22.4
Segment and Geographical Area Information
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2022
Segment Reporting [Abstract]  
Segment and Geographical Area Information Segment and Geographical Area Information
Segment Information

We report our results in a single reportable segment, which reflects how our chief operating decision maker allocates resources and evaluates our financial results. Because we have a single reportable segment, all required financial segment information can be found directly in the Consolidated Financial Statements. The accounting policies for our reportable segment are the same as those described in Note 2. We evaluate the performance of our reporting segment based on revenue and operating income.

Geographical Area Information

The tables below summarize our revenue, long-lived assets, which includes property, equipment, and capitalized software, net, and operating lease assets, by geographical area:

Revenue by geographical area
Year ended December 31
(in millions)202220212020
United States$1,353.9 $1,184.3 $970.8 
Asia44.8 41.1 33.6 
Australia55.8 56.9 45.6 
Canada109.8 112.9 101.5 
Continental Europe162.9 159.1 113.8 
United Kingdom133.6 135.7 117.5 
Other9.8 9.3 6.7 
Total International516.7 515.0 418.7 
Consolidated revenue$1,870.6 $1,699.3 $1,389.5 
Property, equipment, and capitalized software, net by geographical area
As of December 31
(in millions)20222021
United States$165.6 $139.3 
Asia12.8 8.8 
Australia2.3 3.1 
Canada4.5 3.8 
Continental Europe8.5 10.1 
United Kingdom5.4 6.4 
Other0.3 0.3 
Total International33.8 32.5 
Consolidated property, equipment, and capitalized software, net$199.4 $171.8 
Operating lease assets by geographical area
As of December 31
(in millions)20222021
United States$120.0 $82.7 
Asia22.6 24.1 
Australia3.9 4.6 
Canada5.5 7.1 
Continental Europe18.5 15.8 
United Kingdom20.6 14.4 
Other0.5 0.5 
Total International71.6 66.5 
Consolidated operating lease assets$191.6 $149.2 
v3.22.4
Investments and Fair Value Measurements
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2022
Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract]  
Investments in Debt and Marketable Equity Securities (and Certain Trading Assets) Disclosure Investments and Fair Value Measurements
 
We classify our investments into two categories: equity investments and debt securities. We further classify our debt securities into available-for-sale and held-to-maturity. Our investment portfolio consists of stocks, bonds, options, mutual funds, money market funds, or exchange-traded products that replicate the model portfolios and strategies created by Morningstar. These investment accounts may also include exchange-traded products where Morningstar is an index provider. Except for the convertible note described below, all investments in our investment portfolio have valuations based on quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities that we have the ability to access, and, therefore, are classified as Level 1 within the fair value hierarchy. We classify our investment portfolio as shown below:
 
As of December 31
(in millions)20222021
Equity investments$32.7 $46.8 
Available-for-sale2.3 12.3 
Held-to-maturity3.0 3.2 
Total$38.0 $62.3 
The following table shows the cost, unrealized gains, and fair values related to investments classified as equity investments, available-for-sale, and held-to-maturity:
 
 As of December 31, 2022As of December 31, 2021
(in millions)CostUnrealized
Gain
Unrealized
Loss
Fair
Value
CostUnrealized
Gain
Unrealized
Loss
Fair
Value
Equity investments:        
Marketable equity investments, exchange traded funds, and mutual funds$30.7 $2.5 $(0.5)$32.7 $39.6 $8.2 $(1.0)$46.8 
Available-for-sale:
Marketable debt securities2.2 0.1 — 2.3 5.5 — — 5.5 
Convertible note— — — — 5.0 1.8 — 6.8 
Held-to-maturity:
Certificates of deposit
3.0 — — 3.0 3.2 — — 3.2 
Total$35.9 $2.6 $(0.5)$38.0 $53.3 $10.0 $(1.0)$62.3 
 
As of December 31, 2022 and 2021, debt securities with unrealized losses for greater than a 12-month period were not material to the Consolidated Balance Sheets and were not deemed to have other than temporary declines in value.

The table below shows the cost and fair value of investments classified as held-to-maturity based on their contractual maturities as of December 31, 2022 and 2021.

 As of December 31, 2022As of December 31, 2021
(in millions)CostFair ValueCostFair Value
Held-to-maturity:    
Due in one year or less$3.0 $3.0 $3.2 $3.2 
Due in one to three years— — — — 
Total$3.0 $3.0 $3.2 $3.2 

The following table shows the realized gains and losses arising from sales of our investments classified as equity investments and available-for-sale recorded in our Consolidated Statements of Income: 
(in millions)202220212020
Realized gains$1.0 $5.0 $2.1 
Realized losses(3.1)— — 
Realized gains (losses), net$(2.1)$5.0 $2.1 

We determine realized gains and losses using the specific identification method.

The following table shows the net unrealized gains (losses) on the convertible note and equity securities as recorded in our Consolidated Statements of Income:

 
(in millions)202220212020
Unrealized gains (losses), net$5.4 $1.8 $(0.4)
The table below shows the fair value of our assets and liabilities subject to fair value measurements that are measured at fair value on a recurring basis using the fair value hierarchy:
 

 Fair Value
 as ofLevel Within the Fair Value Hierarchy as of December 31, 2022
(in millions)December 31, 2022Level 1Level 2Level 3
Financial assets:
Marketable equity investments, exchange-traded funds, and mutual funds$32.7 $32.7 $— $— 
Marketable debt securities2.3 2.3 — — 
Convertible note— — — — 
Cash equivalents0.2 0.2 — — 
Financial liabilities:
Contingent consideration50.0 — — 50.0 
Total$85.2 $35.2 $— $50.0 
 
 Fair Value
 as ofLevel Within the Fair Value Hierarchy as of December 31, 2021
(in millions)December 31, 2021Level 1Level 2Level 3
Financial assets:
Marketable equity investments, exchange-traded funds, and mutual funds$46.8 $46.8 $— $— 
Marketable debt securities5.5 5.5 — — 
Convertible note6.8 — — 6.8 
Cash equivalents0.6 0.6 — — 
Financial liabilities:
Contingent consideration17.3 — — 17.3 
Total$77.0 $52.9 $— $24.1 

We measure the fair value of money market funds, mutual funds, marketable equity securities, marketable debt securities, and exchange-traded funds based on quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities. We did not hold any securities categorized as Level 2 as of December 31, 2022 and 2021.

As of December 31, 2022, financial assets and liabilities that are classified as Level 3 within the fair value hierarchy include a contingent consideration liability of $50.0 million, which represents the acquisition date fair value of $45.5 million plus changes due to fair value remeasurement in subsequent reporting periods.

The contingent consideration reflects potential future payments that are contingent upon the achievement of certain conditions related to the separation of LCD’s contractual relationships from S&P Global (S&P) contracts that include other S&P products and services. This additional purchase consideration, for which the amount is contingent, is recognized at fair value at the date of acquisition, which was calculated as the weighted average of the estimated contingent payment scenarios. The contingent consideration is remeasured each reporting period until the contingency is resolved with any changes in fair value recorded in current period earnings. As of the balance sheet date, the maximum amount of the contingent consideration related to the LCD acquisition has been accrued as December 31, 2022.

As of December 31, 2021, financial assets and liabilities that were classified as Level 3 within the fair value hierarchy included a contingent consideration liability of $17.3 million and a convertible note recorded as an available-for-sale investment of $6.8 million.
As of December 31, 2021, the contingent consideration liability reflected potential future payments that were contingent upon the achievement of certain revenue metrics related to our acquisition of Sustainalytics that were paid on June 30, 2022. This additional purchase consideration, for which the amount was contingent, was recognized at fair value at the date of acquisition using a Monte Carlo simulation, which required the use of management assumptions and inputs, such as projected financial information related to revenue growth and expected margin percentage, among other valuation related items, and was remeasured each reporting period until the contingency was resolved with any changes in fair value recorded in current period earnings. At December 31, 2021, the fair value of the contingent consideration liability was impacted by foreign currency translations and not by adjustments to key assumptions used in our fair value estimates compared to the assumptions used in the acquisition date fair value estimates. In the second quarter of 2022, we made the third and final cash payment of $56.2 million, resolving our contingent consideration liability related to our acquisition of Sustainalytics. The payment was based on the achievement of certain revenue metrics for the year ended December 31, 2021.

The convertible note purchased in the second quarter of 2021 was remeasured at fair value each reporting period until it was converted, with any gains or losses recorded in our Consolidated Statements of Income. During the second quarter of 2022, we converted our convertible note, which was previously recorded as an available-for-sale investment, into shares of preferred stock of SmartX Advisory Solutions, which are now accounted for as an investment in equity securities. The preferred stock was initially measured at fair value and any subsequent remeasurement may occur upon impairment or an observable price change via a transaction with identical or similar instruments of the same issuer. The preferred stock is classified as an "Investment in unconsolidated entities" on our Consolidated Balance Sheet as of December 31, 2022.
v3.22.4
Acquisitions, Goodwill, and Other Intangible Assets
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2022
Acquisitions, Goodwill, and Other Intangible Assets [Abstract]  
Goodwill and Intangible Assets Disclosure Acquisitions, Goodwill, and Other Intangible Assets
2022 Acquisitions

Leveraged Commentary & Data (LCD)

On June 1, 2022, we completed our acquisition of LCD, a market leader in news, research, data, insights, and indexes for the leveraged finance market, from S&P for an initial cash payment of $600.0 million plus a contingent payment of up to $50.0 million. We began consolidating the financial results of LCD in our consolidated financial statements as of June 1, 2022.

The total consideration transferred has been recorded as $645.5 million, comprised of a $600.0 million cash payment plus contingent consideration with an acquisition date fair value of $45.5 million.

The acquisition was accounted for as a business combination under the acquisition method of accounting pursuant to ASC 805, which requires that assets acquired and liabilities assumed be recognized at fair value as of the acquisition date. We did not record any adjustments to the purchase price allocation during the fourth quarter of 2022 compared with the preliminary estimates recorded in the second quarter of 2022.

The acquisition date fair value of certain assets and liabilities, including intangible assets acquired and related weighted average expected life calculations, are provisional and subject to revision within one year of the acquisition date. Any changes in the fair values of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed during the measurement period may result in adjustments to goodwill.

The final contingent consideration was determined based upon the achievement of certain conditions related to the separation of LCD’s contractual relationships from S&P contracts that include other S&P products and services during the six-month period following closing. To estimate the fair value of the contingent consideration at the acquisition date, we calculated the weighted average of the estimated contingent payment scenarios. At subsequent balance sheet dates, the contingent consideration was measured at fair value and any changes in the estimate were recorded in earnings unless the change in fair value was the result of facts and circumstances that existed as of the acquisition date. During the third and fourth quarters of 2022, the contingent consideration was remeasured and increased by $0.9 million and $3.6 million, respectively, for total consideration of $50.0 million as of December 31, 2022. The contingent consideration is classified as "Contingent consideration liabilities" on our Consolidated Balance Sheet.
The following table summarizes our allocation of the estimated fair values of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed at the acquisition date:
(in millions)
Fair value of consideration$645.5 
Accounts receivable and other current assets$9.7 
Intangible assets, net275.6 
Deferred revenue(25.8)
Total fair value of net assets acquired$259.5 
Goodwill$386.0 

Acquired accounts receivable were recorded at gross contractual amounts receivable, which approximates fair value. We expect to collect substantially all of the gross contractual amounts receivable within a reasonable period of time after the acquisition date.

The preliminary allocation of the estimated fair values of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed includes $275.6 million of acquired intangible assets, as follows:
(in millions)Weighted average useful life (years)
Customer-related assets$197.3 20
Technology-based assets65.7 10
Intellectual property12.6 10
Total intangible assets$275.6 

Goodwill of $386.0 million represents the excess over the fair value of the net tangible and intangible assets acquired. Since LCD was an asset acquisition, goodwill is deductible for income tax purposes for that transaction.

Praemium Portfolio Services Limited

On June 30, 2022, we completed our acquisition of Praemium Portfolio Services Limited (Praemium), a U.K.-based global provider of digital-first financial services, with $44.9 million in cash paid at closing, subject to post-closing adjustments. Praemium and its subsidiaries offer several investment platforms and customer relationship management services to their financial planning and wealth management clients across the U.K. and international markets. We began consolidating the financial results of Praemium in our consolidated financial statements as of June 30, 2022.

The acquisition was accounted for as a business combination under the acquisition method of accounting pursuant to ASC 805. We did not record any significant adjustments to the purchase price allocation during the fourth quarter of 2022 compared with the preliminary estimates recorded in the second quarter of 2022.

The acquisition date fair value of certain assets and liabilities, including intangible assets acquired and related weighted average expected life calculations, are provisional and subject to revision within one year of the acquisition date. Any changes in the fair values of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed during the measurement period may result in adjustments to goodwill.
The following table summarizes our allocation of the estimated fair values of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed at the acquisition date:
(in millions)
Fair value of consideration transferred$44.9 
Cash and cash equivalents$5.5 
Accounts receivable and other current and non-current assets3.3 
Intangible assets, net22.1 
Deferred revenue(0.3)
Deferred tax liability, net(5.4)
Other current and non-current liabilities(2.2)
Total fair value of net assets acquired$23.0 
Goodwill$21.9 

Acquired accounts receivable were recorded at gross contractual amounts receivable, which approximates fair value. We expect to collect substantially all of the gross contractual amounts receivable within a reasonable period of time after the acquisition date.

The preliminary allocation of the estimated fair values of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed includes $22.1 million of acquired intangible assets, as follows:
(in millions)Weighted average useful life (years)
Customer-related assets$2.9 10
Technology-based assets19.2 10
Total intangible assets$22.1 

Goodwill of $21.9 million represents the excess over the fair value of the net tangible and intangible assets acquired. Goodwill is not deductible for income tax purposes for that transaction.

We recognized a preliminary net deferred tax liability of $5.4 million primarily because the amortization expense related to certain intangible assets is not deductible for income tax purposes.

2021 Acquisitions

Moorgate Benchmarks

On September 3, 2021, we acquired Moorgate Benchmarks (Moorgate), a privately held European-based global provider of index design, calculation, and administration. We began consolidating the financial results of Moorgate in our consolidated financial statements on September 3, 2021.

The transaction has been accounted for as a business combination using the acquisition method of accounting, which requires that assets acquired and liabilities assumed be recognized at their fair values as of the acquisition date. We finalized the purchase price allocation related to our acquisition of Moorgate during the fourth quarter of 2021 and did not record any significant adjustments compared to the preliminary estimates at the date of acquisition.
The allocation of the estimated fair values of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed includes $14.9 million of goodwill and $13.4 million of acquired intangible assets, as follows:

(in millions)Weighted average useful life (years)
Technology-based assets$12.1 7
Customer-related assets1.3 5
Total intangible assets$13.4 

We recognized a net deferred tax liability of $3.2 million primarily because the amortization expense related to certain intangible assets is not deductible for income tax purposes.

2020 Acquisitions

Hueler Analytics

On January 31, 2020, we acquired Hueler Analytics' Stable Value Fund Comparative Universe Data and Stable Value Index (Hueler Analytics). We began consolidating the financial results of Hueler Analytics in our consolidated financial statements on January 31, 2020.

Plan Plus Global

On April 3, 2020, we acquired PlanPlus Global, a financial-planning, risk-profiling, and portfolio tracking software firm. The acquisition expands our financial-planning capabilities for advisors. We began consolidating the financial results of PlanPlus Global in our consolidated financial statements on April 3, 2020.

Increased Ownership Interest in Sustainalytics Holding B.V. (Sustainalytics)

On July 2, 2020, we completed the acquisition of the remaining 60% interest in Sustainalytics, a globally recognized leader in environmental, social, and governance (ESG) ratings and research, for an initial cash payment of $61.2 million. The acquisition was accounted for as a business combination with July 2, 2020 as the date of acquisition, and the company was determined to be the acquirer. Accordingly, we began consolidating the financial results of Sustainalytics in our consolidated financial statements on July 2, 2020. We previously held an approximately 40% ownership interest in Sustainalytics, which had an estimated fair value of $75.4 million at the date of the acquisition and a book value of $24.5 million immediately prior to the acquisition and resulted in a holding gain of $50.9 million.

The transaction was accounted for as a business combination using the acquisition method of accounting, which requires that assets acquired and liabilities assumed be recognized at their fair values as of the acquisition date.

We finalized the purchase price allocation related to our acquisition of Sustainalytics during 2021 and did not record any significant adjustments compared to the preliminary estimates at the date of acquisition. Subsequent measurement changes for certain contingent liabilities were recognized in the company’s earnings.

Consideration related to the acquisition consisted of an initial cash payment of $61.2 million and contingent payments with an acquisition date fair value of $75.2 million, a portion of which is treated as additional purchase consideration and the remainder, which is sometimes referred to as an earn-out, is accounted for and described as compensation expense for purpose of the following discussion and disclosure. The acquisition date fair values of the additional purchase consideration and compensation were $47.4 million and $27.8 million, respectively. The contingent payments are due on June 30, 2021 and 2022, and each payment is determined based on a multiple of Sustainalytics' revenues for the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2021, respectively, which are also the measurement periods for determining the final payments. In the second quarter of 2021, we made the second cash payment of $47.5 million, which resulted in a decrease of $34.4 million to the contingent consideration liability balance. The payment was based on the achievement of certain revenue metrics for the year ended December 31, 2020.
We used a Monte Carlo simulation to arrive at the estimated fair values of the contingent payments at the acquisition date. At subsequent balance sheet dates, the additional purchase consideration, including contingent payments, will continue to be measured at fair value and is classified as "Contingent consideration liability" on our Consolidated Balance Sheet as of December 31, 2021 and as "Contingent consideration liability" and "Other long-term liabilities" on our Consolidated Balance Sheet as of December 31, 2020. The compensation component is measured based on probability weighted future benefits expected to be paid, and is reflected in "Current liabilities - Accrued compensation" on our Consolidated Balance Sheet as of December 31, 2021 and in "Current liabilities - Accrued compensation" and "Accrued Compensation" on our Consolidated Balance Sheet as of December 31, 2020. At December 31, 2021 and 2020, the fair value of the contingent consideration liability was impacted by foreign currency translations and not by adjustments to key assumptions used in our fair value estimates compared to the assumptions used in the acquisition date fair value estimates. As of December 31, 2021, the compensation component of the final payment was determined using final recorded revenue consistent with the measurement period which ended at December 31, 2021.

The book value of our 40% ownership interest immediately prior to the acquisition date was $24.5 million, and we recorded a $50.9 million non-cash holding gain for the difference between the fair value and the book value of our previously held equity interest. The acquisition of the additional 60% interest was considered an acquisition achieved in stages and resulted in the remeasurement of the previously held equity interest to fair value. The company determined the fair value of the previously held equity interest using a discounted cash flow analysis (an income approach) based on projected cash flows for Sustainalytics combined with other valuation approaches and considerations to estimate total purchase consideration, which was divided by fully diluted outstanding shares to determine the fair value per share. The fair value per share was then applied to the shares of Sustainalytics held by the company to derive the acquisition date fair value of the previously held equity interest. The gain is classified as "Holding gain on previously held equity interest" in our Consolidated Statement of Income for the year ended December 31, 2020.

The following table summarizes our allocation of the estimated fair values of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed at the acquisition date:
(in millions)
Fair value of consideration transferred$108.6 
Fair value of the previously held equity interest75.4 
Cash and cash equivalents$9.8 
Accounts receivable6.2 
Intangible assets, net79.5 
Operating lease assets5.2 
Other current and non-current assets7.4 
Deferred revenue(21.2)
Operating lease liability(5.2)
Deferred tax liability, net(16.9)
Other current and non-current liabilities(15.5)
Total fair value of net assets acquired$49.3 
Goodwill$134.7 

At July 2, 2020, acquired accounts receivable were recorded at gross contractual amounts receivable, which approximates fair value. At December 31, 2020, substantially all amounts were collected.
The allocation of the estimated fair values of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed includes $79.5 million of acquired intangible assets, as follows:

(in millions)Weighted average useful life (years)
Customer-related assets$22.9 20
Technology-based assets46.7 10
Intellectual property9.9 10
Total intangible assets$79.5 

Goodwill of $134.7 million represents the excess over the fair value of the net tangible and intangible assets acquired. Goodwill is not deductible for income tax purposes.

We recognized a net deferred tax liability of $16.9 million primarily because the amortization expense related to certain intangible assets is not deductible for income tax purposes.

Goodwill
 
The following table shows the changes in our goodwill balances from January 1, 2021 to December 31, 2022:
 
 (in millions)
Balance as of January 1, 2021$1,205.0 
Acquisition of Moorgate14.9 
Other, primarily foreign currency translation(12.9)
Balance as of December 31, 2021$1,207.0 
Acquisition of LCD386.0 
Acquisition of Praemium21.9 
Other primarily foreign currency translation(43.2)
Balance as of December 31, 2022$1,571.7 

We did not record any impairment losses in 2022, 2021, or 2020 as the estimated fair value of our reporting unit exceeded its carrying value and we did not note any indicators of impairment. We perform our annual impairment testing during the fourth quarter of each year.

Intangible Assets

The following table summarizes our intangible assets: 
 As of December 31, 2022As of December 31, 2021
(in millions)GrossAccumulated
Amortization
NetWeighted
Average
Useful  Life
(years)
GrossAccumulated
Amortization
NetWeighted
Average
Useful  Life
(years)
Customer-related assets$595.1 $(221.3)$373.8 14$413.7 $(192.8)$220.9 11
Technology-based assets312.8 (173.8)139.0 8232.3 (157.7)74.6 7
Intellectual property & other 92.1 (56.3)35.8 883.0 (50.3)32.7 8
Total intangible assets$1,000.0 $(451.4)$548.6 12$729.0 $(400.8)$328.2 10
 
The following table summarizes our amortization expense related to intangible assets:

(in millions)202220212020
Amortization expense$66.7 $62.0 $58.8 
 
We did not record any impairment losses involving intangible assets in 2022, 2021, or 2020. We amortize intangible assets using the straight-line method over their expected economic useful lives.

Based on acquisitions completed through December 31, 2022, we expect intangible amortization expense for 2023 and subsequent years to be as follows:
 (in millions)
2023$70.3 
202464.4 
202556.2 
202652.4 
202745.3 
Thereafter260.0 
Total$548.6 

Our estimates of future amortization expense for intangible assets may be affected by additional acquisitions, divestitures, changes in the estimated useful lives, impairments, and foreign currency translation.
v3.22.4
Investments in Unconsolidated Entities
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2022
Investments in Unconsolidated Entities [Abstract]  
Equity Method Investments and Joint Ventures Disclosure Investments in Unconsolidated Entities
 
Our investments in unconsolidated entities consist primarily of the following:
 
As of December 31,
(in millions)20222021
Investment in SmartX Advisory Solutions$35.0 $— 
Investment in MJKK18.7 18.7 
Equity method investments26.6 31.4 
Other investments in unconsolidated entities15.7 13.2 
Total investments in unconsolidated entities$96.0 $63.3 
 
Morningstar Japan K.K. Morningstar Japan K.K. (MJKK) develops and markets financial information products and services customized for the Japanese market. MJKK’s shares are traded on the Tokyo Stock Exchange under the ticker 4765. We account for our investment in MJKK using the equity method. The following table summarizes our ownership percentage in MJKK and the market value of this investment based on MJKK’s publicly quoted share price:
As of December 31,
 20222021
Morningstar’s approximate ownership of MJKK22.1 %22.1 %
Approximate market value of Morningstar’s ownership in MJKK (unaudited):  
Japanese yen (¥ in millions)¥9,010.2 ¥12,781.0 
Equivalent U.S. dollars ($ in millions)$68.7 $111.1 
v3.22.4
Property, Equipment, and Capitalized Software
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2022
Property, Plant and Equipment [Abstract]  
Property, Equipment, and Capitalized Software Property, Equipment, and Capitalized Software, net
The following table shows our property, equipment, and capitalized software, net summarized by major category:

As of December 31,
(in millions)20222021
Capitalized software$545.5 $464.5 
Computer equipment103.2 85.7 
Furniture and fixtures38.9 36.9 
Leasehold improvements106.5 100.7 
Telephone equipment2.3 2.2 
Construction in progress13.7 11.0 
Property, equipment, and capitalized software, at cost810.1 701.0 
Less: accumulated depreciation(610.7)(529.2)
Property, equipment, and capitalized software, net$199.4 $171.8 

The following table summarizes our depreciation expense:
(in millions)202220212020
Depreciation expense$97.8 $87.0 $80.1 
v3.22.4
Leases
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2022
Leases, Operating [Abstract]  
Lessee, Operating Leases Leases
We lease office space and certain equipment under various operating and finance leases, with most of our lease portfolio consisting of operating leases for office space.

We determine whether an arrangement is, or includes, an embedded lease at contract inception. Operating lease assets and lease liabilities are recognized at the commencement date and initially measured using the present value of lease payments over the defined lease term. Lease expense is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term. For finance leases, we also recognize a finance lease asset and finance lease liability at inception, with lease expense recognized as interest expense and amortization.

A contract is or contains an embedded lease if the contract meets all of the below criteria:

there is an identified asset;
we obtain substantially all the economic benefits of the asset; and
we have the right to direct the use of the asset.

For initial measurement of the present value of lease payments and for subsequent measurement of lease modifications, we are required to use the rate implicit in the lease, if available. However, as most of our leases do not provide an implicit rate, we use our incremental borrowing rate, which is a collateralized rate. To apply the incremental borrowing rate, we used a portfolio approach and grouped leases based on similar lease terms in a manner whereby we reasonably expect that the application does not differ materially from a lease-by-lease approach.

Our leases have remaining lease terms of approximately 1 year to 12 years, which may include the option to extend the lease when it is reasonably certain we will exercise that option. We do not have lease agreements with residual value guarantees, sale leaseback terms, or material restrictive covenants.

Leases with an initial term of 12 months or less are not recognized on the balance sheet. We recognize lease expense for these leases on a straight-line basis over the lease term.
Our operating lease expense for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021, and 2020 was $41.6 million, $42.5 million, and $42.4 million, respectively. Charges related to our operating leases that are variable and, therefore, not included in the measurement of the lease liabilities were $16.9 million and $16.2 million for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively. We made lease payments of $42.6 million and $47.4 million during the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively.

The following table shows our minimum future lease commitments due in each of the next five years and thereafter for operating leases:
Minimum Future Lease Commitments (in millions)
2023$44.1 
202442.4 
202533.0 
202636.7 
202728.4 
Thereafter53.2 
Total minimum lease commitments237.8 
Adjustment for discount to present value23.8 
Present value of lease liabilities
$214.0 

The following table summarizes the weighted-average remaining lease terms and weighted-average discount rates for our operating leases:
As of December 31, 2022
Weighted-average remaining lease term (in years)6.2
Weighted-average discount rate3.2 %
v3.22.4
Stock-Based Compensation
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2022
Share-Based Payment Arrangement [Abstract]  
Stock-Based Compensation Stock-Based Compensation
Stock-Based Compensation Plans
 
Our shareholders approved the Morningstar Amended and Restated 2011 Stock Incentive Plan (the 2021 Plan) on May 14, 2021 and authorized an additional 1,050,000 shares for issuance under the 2021 Plan. As of that date, we stopped granting awards under the Morningstar 2011 Stock Incentive Plan (the 2011 Plan). The 2021 Plan amended and restated the 2011 Plan, which itself had amended and restated the 2004 Stock Incentive Plan (the 2004 Plan). The 2004 Plan amended and restated the Morningstar 1993 Stock Option Plan, the Morningstar 2000 Stock Option Plan, and the Morningstar 2001 Stock Option Plan.
The 2021 Plan provides for a variety of equity-based awards, including, among other things, restricted stock units, restricted stock, performance share awards, market stock units, and stock options. Under the 2011 Plan, we primarily granted restricted stock units, stock options, and market stock unit awards. We granted restricted stock units, restricted stock, and stock options under the 2004 Plan.
All officers, other employees, non-employee directors, and consultants or other independent contractors of the company and its subsidiaries and persons expected to become the same are eligible to receive awards under the 2021 Plan.

Shares delivered under the 2021 Plan may be authorized but unissued shares, or authorized but issued shares that we reacquired and held as treasury shares or otherwise, or any combination of the foregoing. The 2021 Plan no longer permits the replenishment of its share reserve with shares withheld by the company to pay the exercise price of an option or to pay tax withholdings on any award. Further, the 2021 Plan prohibits the replenishment of the share reserve with shares that are not issued as a result of the net settlement of a stock option or stock appreciation right (SAR) or shares that are repurchased on the open market using proceeds from the exercise of a stock option.
The following table summarizes the number of shares available for future grants under our 2021 Plan:
As of December 31
(in millions)2022
Shares available for future grants2.9 
 
Accounting for Stock-Based Compensation Awards
 
The following table summarizes our stock-based compensation expense and the related income tax benefit we recorded in the past three years:
Year ended December 31
(in millions)202220212020
Restricted stock units$35.9 $25.8 $22.2 
Performance share awards37.2 10.6 10.2 
Market stock units10.1 5.5 4.2 
Total stock-based compensation expense$83.2 $41.9 $36.6 
Income tax benefit related to the stock-based compensation expense$18.3 $8.9 $6.7 

The following table summarizes the stock-based compensation expense included in each of our operating expense categories for the past three years:
Year ended December 31
(in millions)202220212020
Cost of revenue$21.6 $16.5 $13.5 
Sales and marketing8.5 4.4 4.6 
General and administrative53.1 21.0 18.5 
Total stock-based compensation expense$83.2 $41.9 $36.6 


The following table summarizes the amount of unrecognized stock-based compensation expense as of December 31, 2022 and the expected number of months over which the expense will be recognized:

Unrecognized stock-based compensation expense (in millions)Weighted average expected amortization period (months)
Restricted stock units$65.4 31
Performance share awards0.6 41
Market stock units18.1 27
Total unrecognized stock-based compensation expense$84.1 30

In accordance with FASB ASC 718, we estimate forfeitures of employee stock-based awards and recognize compensation cost only for those awards expected to vest.
 
Restricted Stock Units
 
Restricted stock units (RSUs) represent the right to receive a share of Morningstar common stock when that unit vests. RSUs granted to employees typically vest ratably over a four-year period. RSUs granted to non-employee directors vest ratably over a three-year period.
We measure the fair value of our RSUs on the grant date based on the closing market price of the underlying common stock on the day prior to grant. We amortize that value to stock-based compensation expense, net of estimated forfeitures, ratably over the vesting period.

The following table summarizes restricted stock unit activity during the past three years:
Restricted Stock Units (RSUs)TotalWeighted
Average
Grant Date Fair Value
RSUs Outstanding - December 31, 2019459,445 $108.61 
Granted245,078 153.01 
Vested(240,297)108.94 
Forfeited(27,459)119.22 
RSUs Outstanding - December 31, 2020436,767 $132.68 
Granted187,916 246.85 
Vested(229,063)141.04 
Forfeited(23,910)166.99 
RSUs Outstanding - December 31, 2021371,710 $183.04 
Granted275,106 254.93 
Vested(234,971)205.42 
Forfeited(21,978)213.69 
RSUs Outstanding - December 31, 2022389,867 $218.55 

Market Stock Units
Beginning in May 2017, executive officers, other than Joe Mansueto, and certain other employees, were granted market stock units (MSUs). These MSUs represent the right to receive a target number of shares that will vest at the end of a three-year performance period depending on the company’s total shareholder return over that three-year period. The MSUs granted to the executive officers and certain other employees also have a feature that will provide an increased number of shares that can be earned at the vesting date, if certain revenue metrics are exceeded or other performance goals are met as determined at the discretion of the board of directors.

We measure the fair value of our MSUs on the grant date using a Monte Carlo valuation model. We amortize that value to stock-based compensation expense ratably over the vesting period.

We used the following assumptions to estimate the fair value of our MSUs:
Assumptions for Monte Carlo Valuation Model
Grant DateExpected volatilityDividend yieldRisk-free interest rate
May 15, 201920.3 %0.84 %2.17 %
November 15, 201921.0 %0.72 %1.59 %
May 15, 202025.4 %0.83 %0.20 %
November 15, 202026.9 %0.58 %0.23 %
May 15, 202128.0 %0.51 %0.33 %
November 15, 202126.9 %0.40 %0.85 %
May 15, 202229.6 %0.59 %2.79 %
November 15, 202231.8 %0.60 %4.24 %
The table below shows MSUs granted and outstanding as of December 31, 2022:
As of December 31, 2022
MSUs granted during 202283,309 
Weighted average grant date fair value$220.73 
Number of MSUs outstanding133,341 
PitchBook Bonus Plan
We have a management bonus sub-plan under the 2011 Plan (or any successor Morningstar plan including the 2021 Plan) for certain employees of PitchBook (the PitchBook Plan).

We renewed the PitchBook Plan for the 2020-2022 period. Pursuant to the terms of this renewal, awards having an aggregate target value equal to $30.0 million will be available for issuance with annual grants of $7.5 million for 2020, $7.5 million in 2021, and $15.0 million in 2022.

We also renewed the PitchBook Plan for the 2023-2025 period. Pursuant to the terms of this renewal, awards having an aggregate target value equal to $28.6 million will be available for issuance with annual grants of $7.15 million for 2023, $7.15 million in 2024, and $14.3 million in 2025.

Each grant will consist of performance-based share unit awards, which will typically vest over a one-year period and will be measured primarily based on the achievement of certain annual revenue targets specifically related to PitchBook’s business. Upon achievement of these targets, earned performance units will be settled in shares of our common stock on a one-for-one basis. If PitchBook exceeds certain performance conditions, the PitchBook Plan participants will receive additional performance units in excess of the aggregate target values described above. If PitchBook fails to meet threshold performance conditions, the PitchBook Plan participants will not be entitled to receive payment for any performance units.

The table below shows performance share awards granted and outstanding as of December 31, 2022:
As of December 31, 2022
Performance share awards granted during 202276,445 
Weighted average grant date fair value$296.68 
Number of performance share awards outstanding63,087 
v3.22.4
Defined Contribution Plan
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2022
Defined Contribution Plan [Abstract]  
Defined Contribution Plan Defined-Contribution Plan
We sponsor a defined-contribution 401(k) plan, which allows our U.S.-based employees to voluntarily contribute pretax dollars up to a maximum amount allowable by the U.S. Internal Revenue Service. In 2022, 2021, and 2020, we made matching contributions to our 401(k) plan in an amount equal to 75 cents for every dollar of an employee's contribution, up to a maximum of 7% of the employee's compensation in the pay period.

The following table summarizes our matching contributions:
(in millions)202220212020
401(k) matching contributions$19.7 $16.2 $14.5 
v3.22.4
Income Taxes
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2022
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]  
Income Taxes Income Taxes
 
Income Tax Expense and Effective Tax Rate

The following table shows our income tax expense and our effective tax rate for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021, and 2020:

(in millions)202220212020
Income before income taxes and equity in net income (loss) of unconsolidated entities$130.6 $250.5 $283.0 
Equity in net income (loss) of unconsolidated entities(3.6)5.4 0.3 
Total$127.0 $255.9 $283.3 
Income tax expense$56.5 $62.6 $59.7 
Effective tax rate44.5 %24.5 %21.1 %

Our effective tax rate for the year ended December 31, 2022 was 44.5%, an increase of 20.0 percentage points, compared with 24.5% in the prior year. The increase was primarily attributable to minimum taxes, non-deductible expenses, and additional reserves for uncertain tax positions.

Our effective tax rate for the year ended December 31, 2021 was 24.5%, an increase of 3.4 percentage points, compared with 21.1% in 2020. The increase was primarily attributable to minimum taxes and non-deductible expenses.

The amount of accumulated undistributed earnings of our foreign subsidiaries was $240.1 million as of December 31, 2022. We generally consider our U.S. directly-owned foreign subsidiary earnings to be permanently reinvested. We have not recorded deferred income taxes on the $240.1 million primarily because most of these earnings were previously subject to the one-time deemed mandatory repatriation tax under the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017 (Tax Reform Act). We maintain a deferred tax liability for foreign withholding taxes on certain foreign affiliate parent companies that are not indefinitely reinvested.
The following table reconciles our income tax expense at the U.S. federal income tax rate to income tax expense as recorded:
202220212020
(in millions, except percentages)Amount%Amount%Amount%
Income tax expense at U.S. federal rate$26.7 21.0 %$53.7 21.0 %$59.5 21.0 %
State income taxes, net of federal income tax benefit6.4 5.0 10.7 4.2 9.5 3.4 
Stock-based compensation activity(1.5)(1.2)(7.2)(2.8)(4.9)(1.7)
Equity in net income (loss) of unconsolidated subsidiaries (including holding gains upon acquisition) 1.0 0.8 0.2 0.1 (13.8)(4.9)
Acquisition earn-out1.8 1.4 5.1 2.0 7.6 2.7 
Net change in valuation allowance related to non-U.S. deferred tax assets, including net operating losses7.7 6.1 0.1 — 2.7 1.0 
Difference between U.S. federal statutory and foreign tax rates and other impacts of foreign operations(1.9)(1.5)(2.6)(1.0)(0.1)— 
Change in unrecognized tax benefits14.1 11.1 (0.2)(0.1)1.2 0.4 
Credits and incentives(3.8)(3.0)(2.1)(0.8)(2.2)(0.8)
Foreign tax provisions (GILTI, FDII, and BEAT)(1)
(4.6)(3.6)(0.7)(0.3)(2.7)(1.0)
Non-deductible expenses and other, net10.6 8.4 5.6 2.2 2.9 1.0 
Total income tax expense$56.5 44.5 %$62.6 24.5 %$59.7 21.1 %

(1) The Tax Reform Act established the Global Intangible Low-Tax Income (GILTI) provision, which taxes U.S. allocated expenses and certain income from foreign operations; the Foreign-Derived Intangible Income (FDII) provision, which allows a deduction against certain types of U.S. taxable income resulting in a lower effective U.S. tax rate on such income; and the Base Erosion Anti-Abuse Tax (BEAT), which is a minimum tax based on cross-border service payments by U.S. entities.

The following table shows the components of our income tax expense:
Year ended December 31
(in millions)202220212020
Current tax expense:
U.S.
Federal$49.1 $38.3 $31.5 
State14.9 13.6 11.7 
Non-U.S.30.1 23.0 23.0 
Current tax expense94.1 74.9 66.2 
Deferred tax expense (benefit):
U.S.
Federal(20.8)(2.8)1.2 
State(6.8)(0.3)0.4 
Non-U.S.(10.0)(9.2)(8.1)
Deferred tax expense, net(37.6)(12.3)(6.5)
Income tax expense$56.5 $62.6 $59.7 
The following table provides our income before income taxes and equity in net income (loss) of unconsolidated entities, generated by our U.S. and non-U.S. operations:

Year ended December 31
(in millions)202220212020
U.S.$82.4 $218.3 $197.4 
Non-U.S.48.2 32.2 85.6 
Income before income taxes and equity in net income (loss) of unconsolidated entities$130.6 $250.5 $283.0 

Deferred Tax Assets and Liabilities

We recognize deferred income taxes for the temporary differences between the carrying amount of assets and liabilities for financial statement purposes and their tax basis. The tax effects of the temporary differences that give rise to the deferred income tax assets and liabilities are as follows:

As of December 31,
(in millions)20222021
Deferred tax assets:
Stock-based compensation expense$10.0 $3.7 
Accrued liabilities25.8 24.8 
Deferred revenue9.2 7.9 
Net operating loss carryforwards - U.S.0.1 0.3 
Net operating loss carryforwards - Non-U.S.15.8 8.1 
Capitalized expenses34.5 1.3 
Deferred royalty revenue0.1 0.2 
Allowance for doubtful accounts1.9 1.5 
Lease liabilities 39.7 29.7 
Other0.1 0.7 
Total deferred tax assets137.2 78.2 
Deferred tax liabilities:
Acquired intangible assets(75.4)(84.7)
Property, equipment, and capitalized software(36.2)(30.8)
Lease right-of-use assets(33.1)(23.4)
Unrealized exchange gains, net(0.1)(1.4)
Prepaid expenses(19.5)(16.5)
Investments in unconsolidated entities(7.7)(5.3)
Withholding tax - foreign dividends(0.4)(0.4)
Total deferred tax liabilities(172.4)(162.5)
Net deferred tax liability before valuation allowance(35.2)(84.3)
Valuation allowance(16.9)(4.6)
Deferred tax liabilities, net$(52.1)$(88.9)

The net increase in our valuation allowance, from $4.6 million at December 31, 2021 to $16.9 million at December 31, 2022, was primarily attributable to non-U.S. net operating loss carryforwards from a 2022 acquisition, which reflect a full valuation allowance (for which our estimates are provisional and subject to revision within one year of the acquisition date) and the impairment of deferred tax assets related to the reduction and shift of our China operations.
The deferred tax assets and liabilities are presented in our Consolidated Balance Sheets as follows:

As of December 31,
(in millions)20222021
Deferred tax asset, net$10.8 $12.8 
Deferred tax liability, net(62.9)(101.7)
Deferred tax liability, net$(52.1)$(88.9)

The following table summarizes our U.S. net operating loss (NOL) carryforwards:

As of December 31,
(in millions)20222021
Expiration DatesExpiration Dates
U.S. federal NOLs subject to expiration dates$0.1 2023$0.3 2023
U.S. federal NOLs with no expiration dates— — 0.9 — 
Total$0.1 $1.2 

The net decrease in the U.S. federal NOL carryforwards as of December 31, 2022 compared with 2021 reflects NOLs utilized in 2022. We have not recorded a valuation allowance against the U.S. federal NOLs of $0.1 million because we expect the benefit of the U.S. federal NOLs to be fully utilized.

The following table summarizes our NOL carryforwards for our non-U.S. operations:

As of December 31,
(in millions)20222021
Non-U.S. NOLs subject to expiration dates from 2024 through 2042$9.6 $10.2 
Non-U.S. NOLs with no expiration date52.9 21.6 
Total$62.5 $31.8 
Non-U.S. NOLs not subject to valuation allowances$12.2 $14.2 

The increase in non-U.S. NOL carryforwards as of December 31, 2022 compared with the same period in 2021 primarily reflects NOLs from 2022 acquisitions offset by NOLs utilized in 2022.

In assessing the realizability of our deferred tax assets, we consider whether it is more likely than not that some portion or all of the deferred tax assets will not be realized. We recorded a valuation allowance against approximately $50.3 million of the non-U.S. NOLs, reflecting the likelihood that the benefit of these NOLs will not be realized.

Unrecognized Tax Benefits

We conduct business globally and, as a result, we file income tax returns in U.S. federal, state, local, and foreign jurisdictions. In the normal course of business, we are subject to examination by tax authorities throughout the world. The open tax years for our U.S. Federal tax returns and most state tax returns include the years 2016 to the present.

We are currently under audit by federal, state, and local tax authorities in the U.S. as well as tax authorities in certain non-U.S. jurisdictions. It is likely that the examination phase of some of these federal, state, local, and non-U.S. audits will conclude in 2023. It is not possible to estimate the effect of current audits on previously recorded unrecognized tax benefits.
As of December 31, 2022, our Consolidated Balance Sheet included a current liability of $18.3 million and a non-current liability of $6.0 million for unrecognized tax benefits. As of December 31, 2021, our Consolidated Balance Sheet included a current liability of $7.2 million and a non-current liability of $5.2 million for unrecognized tax benefits. These amounts include interest and penalties, less any associated tax benefits.

The table below reconciles the beginning and ending amount of the gross unrecognized tax benefits as follows:

(in millions)20222021
Gross unrecognized tax benefits - beginning of the year$11.4 $11.8 
Increases as a result of tax positions taken during a prior-year period11.3 0.2 
Decreases as a result of tax positions taken during a prior-year period— (0.2)
Increases as a result of tax positions taken during the current period7.7 1.1 
Decreases relating to settlements with tax authorities(3.1)— 
Decreases as a result of lapse of the applicable statute of limitations(0.8)(1.5)
Gross unrecognized tax benefits - end of the year$26.5 $11.4 

In 2022, we recorded a net increase of $19.0 million of gross unrecognized tax benefits before settlements and lapses of statutes of limitations, of which $19.0 million increased our income tax expense by $18.8 million.

Of the $19.0 million net increase in our gross unrecognized tax benefits, $13.7 million is related to a tax election that was filed but for which approval is required by a taxing authority before we can recognize the tax benefits of our election in our Consolidated Statements of Income. We recorded the $13.7 million as a current liability in our reserves for uncertain tax positions since it is likely that we will receive a response from the taxing authority in 2023.

In addition, we reduced our unrecognized tax benefits by $3.9 million for settlements and lapses of statutes of limitations, of which $1.8 million decreased our income tax expense by $1.8 million.

As of December 31, 2022, we had $26.5 million of gross unrecognized tax benefits, which if recognized, would decrease our income tax expense by $26.1 million and reduce our effective income tax rate.

We record interest and penalties related to uncertain tax positions as part of our income tax expense. The following table summarizes our gross liability for interest and penalties:
As of December 31,
(in millions)20222021
Liabilities for interest and penalties$1.7 $1.4 

We recorded the increase in the liabilities for penalties and interest, net of any tax benefits, to income tax expense in our Consolidated Statements of Income in 2022.
v3.22.4
Contingencies
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2022
Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure [Abstract]  
Contingencies ContingenciesWe record accrued liabilities for litigation, regulatory, and other business matters when those matters represent loss contingencies that are both probable and estimable. In these cases, there may be an exposure to loss in excess of any amounts accrued. Unless a loss contingency is both probable and estimable, we do not establish an accrued liability. As litigation, regulatory, or other business matters develop, we evaluate on an ongoing basis whether such matters present a loss contingency that is probable and estimable.
Data Audits and Reviews
In our global data business, we include in our products, or directly redistribute to our customers, data and information licensed from third-party vendors. Our compliance with the terms of these licenses is reviewed internally and is also subject to audit by the third-party vendors. At any given time, we may be undergoing several such internal reviews and third-party vendor audits and the results and findings may indicate that we may be required to make a payment for prior data usage. Due to a lack of available information and data, as well as potential variations of any audit or internal review findings, we generally are not able to reasonably estimate a possible loss, or range of losses, for these matters. In situations where more information or specific areas subject to audit are available, we may be able to estimate a potential range of losses. While we cannot predict the outcome of these processes, we do not anticipate they will have a material adverse effect on our business, operating results, or financial position. Our financial results as of December 31, 2022 include an immaterial accrual related to certain in-progress audits and reviews.

Ratings and Regulatory Matters
Our ratings and related research activities, including credit ratings, ESG ratings, managed investment and equity ratings, are or may in the future become subject to regulation or increased scrutiny from executive, legislative, regulatory and private parties. Accordingly, those activities may be subject to governmental, regulatory, and legislative investigations, regulatory examinations in the ordinary course of business, subpoenas and other forms of legal process, and ultimately claims and litigation brought by governmental and private parties that are based on ratings assigned or research issued in connection with these activities or that are otherwise incidental to these activities. Our regulated businesses are generally subject to periodic reviews, inspections, examinations, and investigations by regulators in the jurisdictions in which they operate, any of which may result in claims, legal proceedings, assessments, fines, penalties, disgorgement, or restrictions on business activities. While it is difficult to predict the outcome of any particular investigation or proceeding, we do not believe the result of any of these matters will have a material adverse effect on our business, operating results, or financial position.

Other Matters
We are involved from time to time in commercial disputes and legal proceedings that arise in the normal course of our business. While it is difficult to predict the outcome of any particular dispute or proceeding, we do not believe the result of any of these matters will have a material adverse effect on our business, operating results, or financial position.
v3.22.4
Share Repurchase Program
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2022
Equity [Abstract]  
Treasury Stock Share Repurchase Program
 
In December 2020, the board of directors approved a share repurchase program that authorized the company to repurchase up to $400.0 million in shares of the company's outstanding common stock. As of December 31, 2022, we repurchased a total of 887,774 shares for $227.3 million under this authorization.

On December 6, 2022, the board of directors approved a new share repurchase program that authorizes the company to repurchase up to $500.0 million in shares of the company's outstanding common stock, effective January 1, 2023. The new program will replace the existing program and the new authorization expires on December 31, 2025.

Under this authorization, we may repurchase shares from time to time at prevailing market prices on the open market or in private transactions in amounts that we deem appropriate.
v3.22.4
Recent Accounting Pronouncements
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2022
Accounting Policies [Abstract]  
Recent Accounting Pronouncements Recent Accounting Pronouncements
Recently adopted accounting pronouncements

Current Expected Credit Losses: On June 16, 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-13, Financial Instruments-Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments (ASU No. 2016-13), which requires that expected credit losses relating to financial assets measured on an amortized cost basis and available-for-sale debt securities be recorded through an allowance for credit losses. ASU No. 2016-13 limits the amount of credit losses to be recognized for available-for-sale debt securities to the amount by which carrying value exceeds fair value and requires the reversal of previously recognized credit losses if fair value increases. On April 25, 2019, the FASB issued ASU No. 2019-04, Codification Improvements (ASU No. 2019-04), which clarifies certain aspects of accounting for credit losses. On May 15, 2019, the FASB issued ASU No. 2019-05, Financial Instruments-Credit Losses (Topic 326): Targeted Transition Relief (ASU No. 2019-05), which allows entities to elect the fair value option on certain financial instruments. The new standard became effective for us on January 1, 2020 and was applied prospectively. As a result of the adoption of these standards, we made changes to our processes for the assessment of the adequacy of our allowance for credit losses on certain types of financial instruments, including accounts receivable. The adoption of ASU No. 2016-13, ASU No. 2019-04, and ASU No. 2019-05 did not have a material impact on the consolidated financial statements, related disclosures, or results of operations.

Cloud Computing: On August 29, 2018, the FASB issued ASU No. 2018-15, Customer's Accounting for Fees Paid in a Cloud Computing Arrangement (ASU No. 2018-15), which helps entities evaluate the accounting for fees paid by a customer in a cloud computing arrangement (CCA) by providing guidance for determining when an arrangement includes a software license and when an arrangement is solely a hosted CCA service. The company adopted this guidance prospectively beginning on January 1, 2020. Upon adoption, fees paid in a CCA will be evaluated for capitalization as a prepaid asset and expensed within the results of operations in the same financial statement line item as software license fees instead of depreciation and amortization expense. The adoption of ASU No. 2018-15 did not have a material impact on the consolidated financial statements, related disclosures, or results of operations.

Disclosure Framework - Changes to the Disclosure Requirements for Fair Value Measurement: On August 28, 2018, the FASB issued ASU No. 2018-13, Fair Value Measurement (Topic 820): Disclosure Framework - Changes to the Disclosure Requirements for Fair Value Measurement (ASU No. 2018-13), which eliminates, adds, and modifies certain disclosure requirements around items such as transfers between Level 1 and 2, policy of timing of transfers, and valuation process for Level 3. The new standard became effective for us on January 1, 2020. Except for limited additions to related disclosures, the adoption of ASU No. 2018-13 did not have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements.

Income Taxes: On December 18, 2019, the FASB issued ASU No. 2019-12, Simplifying the Accounting for Income Taxes (ASU No. 2019-12), which is intended to simplify the accounting for income taxes by removing certain exceptions to the general principles of ASC 740, Income Taxes, and providing for simplification in several other areas. The new standard became effective for us on January 1, 2021. The adoption of ASU No. 2019-12 did not have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements, related disclosures, or results of operations.

Reference Rate Reform: On March 12, 2020, the FASB issued ASU No. 2020-04: Facilitation of the Effects of Reference Rate Reform on Financial Reporting (Topic 848) (ASU No. 2020-04), which provides temporary optional expedients and exceptions for applying generally accepted accounting principles to contract modifications resulting from reference rate reform initiatives. The intention of the standard is to ease the potential accounting and financial reporting burden associated with transitioning away from the expiring London Interbank Offered Rate (LIBOR) and other interbank offered rates to alternative benchmark rates. The amendments in this update are applicable to contract modifications that replace a reference LIBOR rate beginning on March 12, 2020 through December 31, 2022. On May 6, 2022, we terminated our 2019 Credit Agreement and entered into the 2022 Credit Agreement in connection with the acquisition of LCD. As we entered into the 2022 Credit Agreement for reasons unrelated to reference rate reform, ASU No. 2020-04 is not applicable. See Note 3 for additional information on our 2022 Credit Agreement and Note 8 for additional information on our acquisition of LCD.
Business Combinations: On October 28, 2021, the FASB issued ASU No. 2021-08: Business Combinations: Accounting for Contract Assets and Contract Liabilities from Contracts with Customers (Topic 805) (ASU No. 2021-08), which requires contract assets and contract liabilities (i.e., deferred revenue) acquired in a business combination to be recognized and measured by the acquirer on the acquisition date in accordance with ASC 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers. Generally, the new standard will result in the acquirer recognizing contract assets and contract liabilities at the same amounts recorded by the acquiree. Under current U.S. GAAP, contract assets and contract liabilities acquired in a business combination are recorded by the acquirer at fair value. ASU No. 2021-08 creates an exception to the general recognition and measurement principles of ASC 805, Business Combinations (ASC 805). The new standard is effective for us on January 1, 2023. Early adoption is permitted, including in an interim period, for any period for which financial statements have not yet been issued. Entities should apply the new guidance on a prospective basis to all business combinations with an acquisition date on or after the effective date. We elected to early adopt ASU No. 2021-08 during the second quarter of 2022 and the adoption did not have a material effect on our consolidated financial statements, related disclosures, and results of operations.
v3.22.4
Subsequent Events
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2022
Subsequent Events [Abstract]  
Subsequent Events Subsequent Events
Morningstar Japan K.K.

On January 27, 2023, we entered into a Termination Agreement (the Termination Agreement) with MJKK, and a Tender Offer Agreement (the Tender Offer Agreement) with SBI Global Asset Management Co., Ltd. (SBI).

Pursuant to the Termination Agreement, MJKK will cease use of the Morningstar brand and Morningstar and MJKK agreed to terminate the License Agreement originally entered into in 1998. As consideration for the transaction, Morningstar agreed to pay MJKK 8 billion Japanese yen (approximately $60.0 million), comprised of 6 billion Japanese yen (approximately $45.0 million), paid upon termination of the License Agreement on March 30, 2023, and a contingent payment of 2 billion Japanese yen (approximately $15.0 million), paid upon the achievement of certain conditions related primarily to the termination of the use of the Morningstar brand by MJKK’s customers.

As part of such transaction, pursuant to the Tender Offer Agreement, Morningstar agreed to tender up to 10 million shares in MJKK to SBI. The tender period is expected to conclude on February 28, 2023.

LCD Contingent Consideration

On February 6, 2023, we made a cash payment of $50.0 million, resolving our contingent consideration liability related to our acquisition of LCD. See Note 8 for additional information on our acquisition of LCD.
v3.22.4
Schedule II: Valuation and Qualifying Accounts
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2022
SEC Schedule, 12-09, Valuation and Qualifying Accounts [Abstract]  
Schedule II: Valuation and Qualifying Accounts
Schedule II:  Valuation and Qualifying Accounts

All other schedules have been omitted as they are not required, not applicable, or the required information is otherwise included.
(in millions)Balance at Beginning of YearCharged (Credited) to Costs & ExpensesAdditions (Deductions) Including Currency TranslationsBalance at End of Year
Allowance for doubtful accounts:
Year ended December 31,
2022$4.5 $3.8 $(1.7)$6.6 
20214.2 1.9 (1.6)4.5 
20204.1 2.8 (2.7)4.2 
v3.22.4
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Policies)
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2022
Accounting Policies [Abstract]  
Principles of Consolidation
Principles of Consolidation. We conduct our business operations through wholly- or majority-owned operating subsidiaries. The accompanying consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Morningstar, Inc. and our subsidiaries. We consolidate assets, liabilities, and results of operations of subsidiaries in which we have a controlling interest and eliminate all significant intercompany accounts and transactions.

We account for investments in entities in which we exercise significant influence, but do not control, using the equity method.

As part of our investment management operations, we manage certain funds outside of the U.S. that are considered variable interest entities. For most of these variable interest entities, we do not have a variable interest. In cases where we do have a variable interest, we are not the primary beneficiary. Accordingly, we do not consolidate any of these variable interest entities.
Use of Estimates Use of Estimates. The preparation of financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the U.S. (GAAP) requires us to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues, and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results may differ from these estimates.
Cash and Cash Equivalents Cash and Cash Equivalents. Cash and cash equivalents consist of cash and investments with original maturities of three months or less. We state them at cost, which approximates fair value. We state the portion of our cash equivalents that are invested in money market funds at fair value, as these funds are actively traded and have quoted market prices.
Investments
Investments. We account for our investments in debt securities in accordance with FASB ASC 320, Investments—Debt Securities (FASB ASC 320). We classify our debt securities into two categories: held-to-maturity and available-for-sale.

Held-to-maturity: We classify certain investments, primarily certificates of deposit, as held-to-maturity securities, based on our intent and ability to hold these securities to maturity. We record held-to-maturity investments at amortized cost in our Consolidated Balance Sheets.
Available-for-sale: Investments not considered held-to-maturity or trading securities are classified as available-for-sale securities. Available-for-sale securities primarily consist of marketable debt securities. We report unrealized gains and losses for available-for-sale securities as other comprehensive income (loss), net of related income taxes. We record these securities at their fair values in our Consolidated Balance Sheets.

We account for our investments in equity securities in accordance with FASB ASC 321, Investments— Equity Securities (FASB ASC 321). We measure equity investments at fair value with the related realized and unrealized gains and losses recognized in our Consolidated Statements of Income. For equity investments without a readily determinable fair value, we measure these at cost less impairment and adjusting for observable price changes in orderly transactions. We will apply this measurement method to the investment until or if it becomes eligible to be measured at fair value, which is reassessed at each reporting period. We account for non-marketable equity investments over which we exercise significant influence, but do not have control over the investee, under the equity method.
Fair Value Measurements
Fair Value Measurements. FASB ASC 820, Fair Value Measurements (FASB ASC 820) defines fair value, establishes a framework for measuring fair value, and expands disclosures about fair value measurements. Under FASB ASC 820, fair value is defined as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants as of the measurement date. The standard applies whenever other standards require (or permit) assets or liabilities to be measured at fair value.

FASB ASC 820 uses a fair value hierarchy based on three broad levels of valuation inputs:

•    Level 1: Valuations based on quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities that we have the ability to access.

•    Level 2: Valuations based on quoted prices in markets that are not active or for which all significant inputs are observable, either directly or indirectly.

•    Level 3: Valuations based on inputs that are unobservable and significant to the overall fair value measurement.

We provide additional information about our cash equivalents and investments that are subject to FASB ASC 820 in Note 7.
We classify our investments into two categories: equity investments and debt securities. We further classify our debt securities into available-for-sale and held-to-maturity. Our investment portfolio consists of stocks, bonds, options, mutual funds, money market funds, or exchange-traded products that replicate the model portfolios and strategies created by Morningstar. These investment accounts may also include exchange-traded products where Morningstar is an index provider. Except for the convertible note described below, all investments in our investment portfolio have valuations based on quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities that we have the ability to access, and, therefore, are classified as Level 1 within the fair value hierarchy.
Business Combinations
Business Combinations. When we acquire a business, we account for the business combination in accordance with FASB ASC 805, Business Combinations (FASB ASC 805). We recognize and measure the fair value of the acquired business and allocate the purchase price to the identifiable tangible and intangible assets acquired and liabilities assumed based upon their estimated fair values at the date of acquisition. The difference between the purchase price and the estimated fair value of the net assets acquired or the excess of the aggregate estimated fair values of assets acquired and liabilities assumed is recorded as goodwill. In determining the estimated fair values of assets acquired and liabilities assumed in a business combination, we use various recognized valuation methods, including discounted cash flow, Monte Carlo simulations, and relief from royalty. For a business combination achieved in stages, we remeasure our previously held equity interest immediately before the acquisition to the acquisition date fair value and recognize any gain in our Consolidated Statements of Income.

We recognize the fair value of any contingent payments at the date of acquisition as part of the consideration transferred to acquire a business. The liability associated with contingent consideration is remeasured to fair value at each reporting period subsequent to the date of acquisition considering factors that may impact the timing and amount of contingent payments until the term of the agreement has expired or the contingency is resolved. Any changes in the fair value measurement will be recorded in our Consolidated Statements of Income. In evaluating the characterization of contingent and deferred payments, we analyze relevant factors, including the nature of the payment, continuing employment requirements, incremental payments to employees of the acquired business, and timing and rationale underlying the transaction, to determine whether the payments should be accounted for as additional purchase consideration or post-combination related services.
We expense direct costs related to the business combination, such as accounting, legal, valuation, and other professional fees, as incurred. We recognize restructuring costs, including severance and relocation for employees of the acquired entity, as post-combination expenses unless the target entity meets the criteria of ASC 420, Exit or Disposal Cost Obligations, on the acquisition date.

As part of the purchase price allocation, we follow the requirements of FASB ASC 740, Income Taxes (FASB ASC 740). This includes establishing deferred tax assets or liabilities reflecting the difference between the values assigned for financial statement purposes and income tax purposes. In certain acquisitions, the goodwill resulting from the purchase price allocation may not be deductible for income tax purposes. FASB ASC 740 prohibits recognition of a deferred tax asset or liability for temporary differences in goodwill if goodwill is not amortizable and deductible for tax purposes.
Goodwill Goodwill. Changes in the carrying amount of our recorded goodwill are mainly the result of business acquisitions, divestitures, and the effect of foreign currency translations. In accordance with FASB ASC 350, Intangibles—Goodwill and Other, we do not amortize goodwill; instead, goodwill is subject to an impairment test annually, or whenever indicators of impairment exist. An impairment would occur if the carrying amount of a reporting unit exceeded the fair value of that reporting unit. We performed our annual impairment review in the fourth quarter and did not record any impairment losses in 2022, 2021, and 2020.
Intangible Assets Intangible Assets. We amortize intangible assets using the straight-line method over their estimated useful lives, which range from one to twenty years. We have no intangible assets with indefinite useful lives. In accordance with FASB ASC 360-10-35, Subsequent Measurement—Impairment or Disposal of Long-Lived Assets, we review intangible assets for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying value may not be recoverable. If the value of future undiscounted cash flows is less than the carrying amount of an asset group, we record an impairment loss based on the excess of the carrying amount over the fair value of the asset group. We did not record any impairment losses in 2022, 2021, and 2020.
Property, Equipment, and Depreciation Property, Equipment, and Depreciation. We state property and equipment at historical cost, net of accumulated depreciation in accordance with FASB ASC 360-10, Property, Plant, and Equipment. We depreciate property and equipment using the straight-line method based on the useful life of the asset, which ranges from three to seven years. We amortize leasehold improvements over the lease term or their useful lives, whichever is shorter. Long-lived assets that are held and used are reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying value may not be recoverable. If the value of future undiscounted cash flows is less than the carrying amount of an asset group, we record an impairment loss based on the excess of the carrying amount over the fair value of the asset group.
Computer Software and Internal Product Development Costs Computer Software and Internal Product Development Costs. We capitalize certain costs in accordance with FASB ASC 350-40, Internal-Use Software. Internal product development costs mainly consist of employee costs for developing new web-based products and certain major enhancements of existing products. We amortize these costs on a straight-line basis over the estimated economic life, which is generally three years. We include capitalized software development costs related to projects that have not been placed into service in our construction in progress balance.
Lesses
Leases. We account for our right-of-use assets and operating lease liabilities in accordance with FASB ASC 842, Leases (FASB ASC 842). We determine if a contract is or contains a lease at the inception of the contract. For identified operating leases, we recognize a lease liability and right-of-use asset on the consolidated balance sheet. The right-of-use asset represents our right to use an underlying asset for the lease term, and the operating lease liability represents the company's obligation to make lease payments.
 
Our lease agreements consist primarily of real estate leases for office space and non-real estate leases for office equipment. In cases where an agreement contains both a lease and non-lease component, we do not allocate consideration to both components, but account for each as a single lease component by class of underlying asset. There are few instances of short-term agreements in our lease portfolio, which are typically arranged as needed and paid on a month-to-month basis. These leases are not recognized on the Consolidated Balance Sheet, but monthly lease expense is recognized on the Consolidated Statements of Income.
 
Right-of-use assets and operating lease liabilities are measured using the present value of future lease payments of the lease term at the commencement date. Right-of-use assets also include initial direct costs incurred by the company, net of prepayments and lease incentives. In the absence of an explicit rate in the lease agreement, the discount rate used to calculate present value is equal to the company's incremental borrowing rate. Operating lease expense is recognized on a straight-line basis over the life of the lease and is included in general and administrative expenses on the Consolidated Statements of Income.
Revenue from Contract with Customer
Revenue Recognition. We recognize revenue in accordance with FASB ASC Topic 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (FASB ASC Topic 606).

Under FASB ASC Topic 606, we recognize revenue by applying the following five-step model to each of our customer arrangements:

1.Identify the customer contract;
2.Identify the performance obligations in the contract;
3.Determine the transaction price;
4.Allocate the transaction price to the performance obligations; and
5.Recognize revenue when (or as) performance obligations are satisfied.

Revenues are recognized when (or as) performance obligations are satisfied by transferring a promised product or service to the customer. Products or services are transferred when (or as) the customer obtains control of the product or service. The transaction price for a customer arrangement is the amount we expect to be entitled to in exchange for transferring the promised product or service. The transaction price may include fixed amounts, variable amounts, or both. When the right to payment exceeds revenue recognized, the result is an increase to deferred revenue. When a customer’s license-based contract is signed, the customer’s service is activated immediately, except where customizations are required. License-based arrangements, our largest source of revenue from customers, generally are billed quarterly or annually. Customers are typically given payment terms of zero to sixty days.

Revenue from contracts with customers is derived from license-based arrangements, asset-based arrangements, and transaction-based arrangements.

License-based revenue, which represents subscription services available to customers and not a license under the accounting guidance, is generated through subscription contracts with our customers of PitchBook, Morningstar Data, Morningstar Direct, Morningstar Sustainalytics, Morningstar Advisor Workstation, Morningstar Enterprise Components, and other similar products. Our performance obligations under these contracts are typically satisfied over time, as the customer has access to the service during the term of the subscription license and the level of service is consistent during the contract period. Each individual day within the contract period is viewed to be a service and the entirety of the service subscription term is determined to be a series combined into a single performance obligation and recognized over-time and on a straight-line basis, typically over terms of 1 to 3 years.
Asset-based revenue is generated through contracts with our customers of Morningstar Investment Management, Workplace Solutions, and Morningstar Indexes. Our performance obligations under these contracts are a daily asset management performance obligation, which is determined to be a daily service and thus satisfied over time as the customer receives continuous access to a service for the contract term. We recognize revenue daily over the contract term based on the value of assets under management and a tiered fee agreed to with the customer. Asset-based arrangements typically have a term of 1 to 3 years. The fees from such arrangements represent variable consideration, and the customer does not make separate purchasing decisions that result in additional performance obligations. Significant changes in the underlying fund assets, or significant disruptions in the market, are evaluated to determine if revisions to estimates of earned asset-based fees for the current quarter are needed. An estimate of the average daily portfolio balance is a key input in determining revenue for a given period. Estimates are based on the most recently reported quarter, and, as a result, it is unlikely a significant reversal of revenue would occur.

Transaction-based revenue is generated through contracts with our customers for DBRS Morningstar products and services, Internet advertising on Morningstar.com, and Morningstar-sponsored conferences. Our performance obligations for DBRS Morningstar include the issuance of the rating and may include surveillance services for a period of time as agreed with the customer. We allocate the transaction price to the deliverables based on their relative selling price, which is generally determined by the price we charge when the same deliverable is sold separately. Our performance obligation for the issuance of the rating is satisfied when the rating is issued, which is when we recognize the related revenue. Our performance obligations for surveillance services are satisfied over time, as the customer has access to the service during the surveillance period and the level of service is consistent during the contract period. Therefore, we recognize revenue for this performance obligation on a straight-line basis. Our performance obligations for Internet advertising and Morningstar-sponsored conferences are satisfied as the service is delivered; therefore, we recognize revenue when the performance obligation is satisfied (as the customer’s advertisements are displayed and at the completion of the Morningstar-sponsored conference).

Our contracts with customers may include multiple performance obligations. For most of these arrangements, we generally allocate revenue to each performance obligation based on its estimated standalone selling price. We generally determine standalone selling prices based on prices charged to customers when the same performance obligation is sold separately.

Our contracts with customers may include third-party involvement in providing goods or services to the customer. The inclusion of third-party content does not result in separate performance obligations because is it not delivered separately from the other service offerings. In these arrangements, the customer has contracted to receive a single, integrated and bundled solution with third-party and Morningstar content delivered via Morningstar’s subscription services. Revenue and related costs of revenue from third-party content is presented on a gross basis within the consolidated financial statements.
Deferred revenue represents the portion of licenses or subscriptions billed or collected in advance of the service being provided which we expect to recognize as revenue in future periods.
Sales Commissions Sales Commissions. We capitalize sales commissions, which are considered directly attributable to obtaining a customer contract under FASB ASC Topic 606 and FASB ASC 340-40, Other Assets and Deferred Costs - Contracts with Customers. Estimates of these capitalized costs are developed by using a portfolio approach that aggregates these costs by legal entity within their geographical regions. Capitalized sales commissions are amortized using the straight-line method over a period that is consistent with the transfer of the products or services to the customer to which the sales commission relates. The period of transfer for each portfolio is the shorter of the weighted-average customer life, or the economic life of the underlying technology that delivers the products or services. As of December 31, 2022, the period of transfer was determined to be approximately three years. Discretionary amounts which are added to sales commission payments are expensed as incurred, as they are not considered to be directly attributable to obtaining a customer contract.
Stock-Based Compensation Expense Stock-Based Compensation Expense. We account for our stock-based compensation expense in accordance with FASB ASC 718, Compensation—Stock Compensation (FASB ASC 718). Our stock-based compensation expense reflects grants of restricted stock units, performance share awards, and market stock units. We measure the fair value of our restricted stock units and performance share awards on the grant date based on the closing market price of Morningstar's common stock on the day prior to the grant. For market stock units, we estimate the fair value of the awards using a Monte Carlo valuation model. We amortize the fair values to stock-based compensation expense, net of estimated forfeitures, ratably over the vesting period.We estimate expected forfeitures of all employee stock-based awards and recognize compensation cost only for those awards expected to vest. We determine forfeiture rates based on historical experience and adjust the estimated forfeitures to actual forfeiture experience, as needed.
Income Taxes
Income Taxes. We record deferred income taxes for the temporary differences between the carrying amount of assets and liabilities for financial statement purposes and tax purposes in accordance with FASB ASC 740, which prescribes the minimum recognition threshold a tax position is required to meet before being recognized in the financial statements. It also provides guidance on derecognition, measurement, classification, interest and penalties, accounting in interim periods, and disclosure for uncertain tax positions.

We recognize interest and penalties related to unrecognized tax benefits as part of income tax expense in our Consolidated Statements of Income. We classify liabilities related to unrecognized tax benefits as either current or long-term liabilities in our Consolidated Balance Sheet, depending on when we expect to make payment.
Segment Information Segment Information We report our results in a single reportable segment, which reflects how our chief operating decision maker allocates resources and evaluates our financial results. Because we have a single reportable segment, all required financial segment information can be found directly in the Consolidated Financial Statements. The accounting policies for our reportable segment are the same as those described in Note 2. We evaluate the performance of our reporting segment based on revenue and operating income.
Severance Costs
Severance: We account for post-employment benefits in accordance with FASB ASC 712, Compensation - Non-retirement Post-employment Benefits (FASB ASC 712). Under FASB ASC 712, we recognize compensation expense associated with these benefits as a liability when probable and estimable.

In July 2022, the company began to significantly reduce its operations in Shenzhen, China and to shift the work related to its global business functions, including global product and software development, managed investment data collection and analysis, and equity data collection and analysis, to other Morningstar locations.
As a result of these activities, the company incurred $25.9 million of severance expense in 2022, which represents substantially all of the severance costs expected to be incurred with the remainder to be recognized through the third quarter of 2023. These amounts were recorded within "General and administrative" on our Consolidated Statements of Income.
v3.22.4
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Tables)
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2022
Accounting Policies [Abstract]  
Summary of Acronyms Used
The acronyms that appear in these Notes to our Consolidated Financial Statements refer to the following:
ASCAccounting Standards Codification
ASUAccounting Standards Update
FASBFinancial Accounting Standards Board
SECSecurities and Exchange Commission
Summary of Depreciation for Internally Developed Software
The table below summarizes our depreciation expense related to capitalized developed software for the past three years:
(in millions)202220212020
Capitalized software depreciation expense$64.3 $59.9 $53.9 
Summary of Capitalized Software Development Costs
The table below summarizes our capitalized software development costs for the past three years:
(in millions)202220212020
Capitalized software development costs$81.0 $74.0 $60.3 
v3.22.4
Credit Arrangements (Tables)
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2022
Debt Disclosure [Abstract]  
Summary of Total Debt and Long-term Debt
The following table summarizes our debt as of December 31, 2022 and 2021.
(in millions)As of December 31, 2022As of December 31, 2021
Term Facility, net of unamortized debt issuance costs of $0.7 million and $0.1 million, respectively$641.1 $11.0 
Revolving Credit Facility120.0 — 
2.32% Senior Notes due October 26, 2030, net of unamortized debt issuance costs of $1.5 million and $1.6 million, respectively
348.5 348.4 
Total debt$1,109.6 $359.4 
v3.22.4
Income Per Share (Tables)
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2022
Earnings Per Share [Abstract]  
Schedule of Earnings Per Share, Basic and Diluted
The following table shows how we reconcile our net income and the number of shares used in computing basic and diluted net income per share:

(in millions, except per share amounts)202220212020
Basic net income per share:
Consolidated net income $70.5 $193.3 $223.6 
Weighted average common shares outstanding42.6 43.0 42.9 
Basic net income per share$1.65 $4.50 $5.22 
Diluted net income per share:
Consolidated net income$70.5 $193.3 $223.6 
Weighted average common shares outstanding42.6 43.0 42.9 
Net effect of dilutive stock options and stock awards0.3 0.4 0.3 
Weighted average common shares outstanding for computing diluted income per share42.9 43.4 43.2 
Diluted net income per share$1.64 $4.45 $5.18 
v3.22.4
Revenue (Tables)
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2022
Revenue from Contract with Customer [Abstract]  
Disaggregation of Revenue
The following table presents our revenue disaggregated by revenue type. Sales and usage-based taxes are excluded from revenue.
Year ended December 31
(in millions)202220212020
License-based $1,331.7 $1,131.7 $934.9 
Asset-based269.4 264.9 223.8 
Transaction-based269.5 302.7 230.8 
Consolidated revenue$1,870.6 $1,699.3 $1,389.5 
Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction
We expect to recognize revenue related to our contract liabilities, including future billings, for 2023 and subsequent years as follows:
(in millions)As of December 31, 2022
2023$790.2 
2024176.3 
202558.5 
202614.6 
20275.9 
Thereafter 28.2 
Total$1,073.7 
Summary of Contract Assets and Change in Deferred Commissions
The following table summarizes our contract assets balance:
As of December 31
(in millions)20222021
Accounts receivable, less allowance for credit losses$307.9 $268.9 
Deferred commissions76.1 62.3 
Total contract assets$384.0 $331.2 
v3.22.4
Segment and Geographical Area Information (Tables)
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2022
Segment Reporting [Abstract]  
Schedule of Revenue from External Customers and Long-Lived Assets, by Geographical Areas
The tables below summarize our revenue, long-lived assets, which includes property, equipment, and capitalized software, net, and operating lease assets, by geographical area:

Revenue by geographical area
Year ended December 31
(in millions)202220212020
United States$1,353.9 $1,184.3 $970.8 
Asia44.8 41.1 33.6 
Australia55.8 56.9 45.6 
Canada109.8 112.9 101.5 
Continental Europe162.9 159.1 113.8 
United Kingdom133.6 135.7 117.5 
Other9.8 9.3 6.7 
Total International516.7 515.0 418.7 
Consolidated revenue$1,870.6 $1,699.3 $1,389.5 
Property, equipment, and capitalized software, net by geographical area
As of December 31
(in millions)20222021
United States$165.6 $139.3 
Asia12.8 8.8 
Australia2.3 3.1 
Canada4.5 3.8 
Continental Europe8.5 10.1 
United Kingdom5.4 6.4 
Other0.3 0.3 
Total International33.8 32.5 
Consolidated property, equipment, and capitalized software, net$199.4 $171.8 
Operating lease assets by geographical area
As of December 31
(in millions)20222021
United States$120.0 $82.7 
Asia22.6 24.1 
Australia3.9 4.6 
Canada5.5 7.1 
Continental Europe18.5 15.8 
United Kingdom20.6 14.4 
Other0.5 0.5 
Total International71.6 66.5 
Consolidated operating lease assets$191.6 $149.2 
v3.22.4
Investments and Fair Value Measurements (Tables)
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2022
Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract]  
Schedule of Investments We classify our investment portfolio as shown below: 
As of December 31
(in millions)20222021
Equity investments$32.7 $46.8 
Available-for-sale2.3 12.3 
Held-to-maturity3.0 3.2 
Total$38.0 $62.3 
Unrealized Gain (Loss) on Investments
The following table shows the cost, unrealized gains, and fair values related to investments classified as equity investments, available-for-sale, and held-to-maturity:
 
 As of December 31, 2022As of December 31, 2021
(in millions)CostUnrealized
Gain
Unrealized
Loss
Fair
Value
CostUnrealized
Gain
Unrealized
Loss
Fair
Value
Equity investments:        
Marketable equity investments, exchange traded funds, and mutual funds$30.7 $2.5 $(0.5)$32.7 $39.6 $8.2 $(1.0)$46.8 
Available-for-sale:
Marketable debt securities2.2 0.1 — 2.3 5.5 — — 5.5 
Convertible note— — — — 5.0 1.8 — 6.8 
Held-to-maturity:
Certificates of deposit
3.0 — — 3.0 3.2 — — 3.2 
Total$35.9 $2.6 $(0.5)$38.0 $53.3 $10.0 $(1.0)$62.3 
Investments Classified by Contractual Maturity Date
The table below shows the cost and fair value of investments classified as held-to-maturity based on their contractual maturities as of December 31, 2022 and 2021.

 As of December 31, 2022As of December 31, 2021
(in millions)CostFair ValueCostFair Value
Held-to-maturity:    
Due in one year or less$3.0 $3.0 $3.2 $3.2 
Due in one to three years— — — — 
Total$3.0 $3.0 $3.2 $3.2 
Schedule of Realized Gain (Loss)
The following table shows the realized gains and losses arising from sales of our investments classified as equity investments and available-for-sale recorded in our Consolidated Statements of Income: 
(in millions)202220212020
Realized gains$1.0 $5.0 $2.1 
Realized losses(3.1)— — 
Realized gains (losses), net$(2.1)$5.0 $2.1 
Unrealized Gain Loss On Trading Securities
The following table shows the net unrealized gains (losses) on the convertible note and equity securities as recorded in our Consolidated Statements of Income:

 
(in millions)202220212020
Unrealized gains (losses), net$5.4 $1.8 $(0.4)
Fair Value, Assets Measured on Recurring Basis
The table below shows the fair value of our assets and liabilities subject to fair value measurements that are measured at fair value on a recurring basis using the fair value hierarchy:
 

 Fair Value
 as ofLevel Within the Fair Value Hierarchy as of December 31, 2022
(in millions)December 31, 2022Level 1Level 2Level 3
Financial assets:
Marketable equity investments, exchange-traded funds, and mutual funds$32.7 $32.7 $— $— 
Marketable debt securities2.3 2.3 — — 
Convertible note— — — — 
Cash equivalents0.2 0.2 — — 
Financial liabilities:
Contingent consideration50.0 — — 50.0 
Total$85.2 $35.2 $— $50.0 
 
 Fair Value
 as ofLevel Within the Fair Value Hierarchy as of December 31, 2021
(in millions)December 31, 2021Level 1Level 2Level 3
Financial assets:
Marketable equity investments, exchange-traded funds, and mutual funds$46.8 $46.8 $— $— 
Marketable debt securities5.5 5.5 — — 
Convertible note6.8 — — 6.8 
Cash equivalents0.6 0.6 — — 
Financial liabilities:
Contingent consideration17.3 — — 17.3 
Total$77.0 $52.9 $— $24.1 
v3.22.4
Acquisitions, Goodwill, and Other Intangible Assets (Tables)
12 Months Ended
Jun. 30, 2022
Jun. 01, 2022
Dec. 31, 2022
Acquisitions, Goodwill, and Other Intangible Assets [Abstract]      
Schedule of Acquired Indefinite-lived Intangible Assets by Major Class    
The allocation of the estimated fair values of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed includes $14.9 million of goodwill and $13.4 million of acquired intangible assets, as follows:

(in millions)Weighted average useful life (years)
Technology-based assets$12.1 7
Customer-related assets1.3 5
Total intangible assets$13.4 
Schedule of Recognized Identified Assets Acquired and Liabilities Assumed
The following table summarizes our allocation of the estimated fair values of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed at the acquisition date:
(in millions)
Fair value of consideration transferred$44.9 
Cash and cash equivalents$5.5 
Accounts receivable and other current and non-current assets3.3 
Intangible assets, net22.1 
Deferred revenue(0.3)
Deferred tax liability, net(5.4)
Other current and non-current liabilities(2.2)
Total fair value of net assets acquired$23.0 
Goodwill$21.9 
The following table summarizes our allocation of the estimated fair values of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed at the acquisition date:
(in millions)
Fair value of consideration$645.5 
Accounts receivable and other current assets$9.7 
Intangible assets, net275.6 
Deferred revenue(25.8)
Total fair value of net assets acquired$259.5 
Goodwill$386.0 
The following table summarizes our allocation of the estimated fair values of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed at the acquisition date:
(in millions)
Fair value of consideration transferred$108.6 
Fair value of the previously held equity interest75.4 
Cash and cash equivalents$9.8 
Accounts receivable6.2 
Intangible assets, net79.5 
Operating lease assets5.2 
Other current and non-current assets7.4 
Deferred revenue(21.2)
Operating lease liability(5.2)
Deferred tax liability, net(16.9)
Other current and non-current liabilities(15.5)
Total fair value of net assets acquired$49.3 
Goodwill$134.7 

At July 2, 2020, acquired accounts receivable were recorded at gross contractual amounts receivable, which approximates fair value. At December 31, 2020, substantially all amounts were collected.
Finite-Lived and Indefinite-Lived Intangible Assets Acquired as Part of Business Combination
The preliminary allocation of the estimated fair values of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed includes $22.1 million of acquired intangible assets, as follows:
(in millions)Weighted average useful life (years)
Customer-related assets$2.9 10
Technology-based assets19.2 10
Total intangible assets$22.1 
The preliminary allocation of the estimated fair values of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed includes $275.6 million of acquired intangible assets, as follows:
(in millions)Weighted average useful life (years)
Customer-related assets$197.3 20
Technology-based assets65.7 10
Intellectual property12.6 10
Total intangible assets$275.6 
The allocation of the estimated fair values of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed includes $79.5 million of acquired intangible assets, as follows:

(in millions)Weighted average useful life (years)
Customer-related assets$22.9 20
Technology-based assets46.7 10
Intellectual property9.9 10
Total intangible assets$79.5 
Schedule of Goodwill    
The following table shows the changes in our goodwill balances from January 1, 2021 to December 31, 2022:
 
 (in millions)
Balance as of January 1, 2021$1,205.0 
Acquisition of Moorgate14.9 
Other, primarily foreign currency translation(12.9)
Balance as of December 31, 2021$1,207.0 
Acquisition of LCD386.0 
Acquisition of Praemium21.9 
Other primarily foreign currency translation(43.2)
Balance as of December 31, 2022$1,571.7 
Schedule of Intangible Assets    
The following table summarizes our intangible assets: 
 As of December 31, 2022As of December 31, 2021
(in millions)GrossAccumulated
Amortization
NetWeighted
Average
Useful  Life
(years)
GrossAccumulated
Amortization
NetWeighted
Average
Useful  Life
(years)
Customer-related assets$595.1 $(221.3)$373.8 14$413.7 $(192.8)$220.9 11
Technology-based assets312.8 (173.8)139.0 8232.3 (157.7)74.6 7
Intellectual property & other 92.1 (56.3)35.8 883.0 (50.3)32.7 8
Total intangible assets$1,000.0 $(451.4)$548.6 12$729.0 $(400.8)$328.2 10
Schedule of Intangible Asset, Amortization Expense    
The following table summarizes our amortization expense related to intangible assets:

(in millions)202220212020
Amortization expense$66.7 $62.0 $58.8 
Schedule of Expected Amortization Expense    
Based on acquisitions completed through December 31, 2022, we expect intangible amortization expense for 2023 and subsequent years to be as follows:
 (in millions)
2023$70.3 
202464.4 
202556.2 
202652.4 
202745.3 
Thereafter260.0 
Total$548.6 
v3.22.4
Investments in Unconsolidated Entities (Tables)
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2022
Investments in Unconsolidated Entities [Abstract]  
Schedule of Equity Method And Cost Method Investments
Our investments in unconsolidated entities consist primarily of the following:
 
As of December 31,
(in millions)20222021
Investment in SmartX Advisory Solutions$35.0 $— 
Investment in MJKK18.7 18.7 
Equity method investments26.6 31.4 
Other investments in unconsolidated entities15.7 13.2 
Total investments in unconsolidated entities$96.0 $63.3 
Schedule of Equity Method Investments The following table summarizes our ownership percentage in MJKK and the market value of this investment based on MJKK’s publicly quoted share price:
As of December 31,
 20222021
Morningstar’s approximate ownership of MJKK22.1 %22.1 %
Approximate market value of Morningstar’s ownership in MJKK (unaudited):  
Japanese yen (¥ in millions)¥9,010.2 ¥12,781.0 
Equivalent U.S. dollars ($ in millions)$68.7 $111.1 
v3.22.4
Property, Equipment, and Capitalized Software (Tables)
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2022
Property, Plant and Equipment [Abstract]  
Schedule of Property, Equipment, and Capitalized Software by Major Category
The following table shows our property, equipment, and capitalized software, net summarized by major category:

As of December 31,
(in millions)20222021
Capitalized software$545.5 $464.5 
Computer equipment103.2 85.7 
Furniture and fixtures38.9 36.9 
Leasehold improvements106.5 100.7 
Telephone equipment2.3 2.2 
Construction in progress13.7 11.0 
Property, equipment, and capitalized software, at cost810.1 701.0 
Less: accumulated depreciation(610.7)(529.2)
Property, equipment, and capitalized software, net$199.4 $171.8 
Summary of Depreciation Expense
The following table summarizes our depreciation expense:
(in millions)202220212020
Depreciation expense$97.8 $87.0 $80.1 
v3.22.4
Leases Leases (Tables)
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2022
Leases, Operating [Abstract]  
Schedule of Minimum Future Rental Commitments
The following table shows our minimum future lease commitments due in each of the next five years and thereafter for operating leases:
Minimum Future Lease Commitments (in millions)
2023$44.1 
202442.4 
202533.0 
202636.7 
202728.4 
Thereafter53.2 
Total minimum lease commitments237.8 
Adjustment for discount to present value23.8 
Present value of lease liabilities
$214.0 
Operating leases
The following table summarizes the weighted-average remaining lease terms and weighted-average discount rates for our operating leases:
As of December 31, 2022
Weighted-average remaining lease term (in years)6.2
Weighted-average discount rate3.2 %
v3.22.4
Stock-Based Compensation (Tables)
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2022
Share-Based Payment Arrangement [Abstract]  
Schedule of Shares Available for Future Grants
The following table summarizes the number of shares available for future grants under our 2021 Plan:
As of December 31
(in millions)2022
Shares available for future grants2.9 
Schedule of Stock-Based Compensation Expense
The following table summarizes our stock-based compensation expense and the related income tax benefit we recorded in the past three years:
Year ended December 31
(in millions)202220212020
Restricted stock units$35.9 $25.8 $22.2 
Performance share awards37.2 10.6 10.2 
Market stock units10.1 5.5 4.2 
Total stock-based compensation expense$83.2 $41.9 $36.6 
Income tax benefit related to the stock-based compensation expense$18.3 $8.9 $6.7 
Allocation of Stock-based Compensation Expense
The following table summarizes the stock-based compensation expense included in each of our operating expense categories for the past three years:
Year ended December 31
(in millions)202220212020
Cost of revenue$21.6 $16.5 $13.5 
Sales and marketing8.5 4.4 4.6 
General and administrative53.1 21.0 18.5 
Total stock-based compensation expense$83.2 $41.9 $36.6 
Schedule of Uncategorized Stock-Based Compensation Expense
The following table summarizes the amount of unrecognized stock-based compensation expense as of December 31, 2022 and the expected number of months over which the expense will be recognized:

Unrecognized stock-based compensation expense (in millions)Weighted average expected amortization period (months)
Restricted stock units$65.4 31
Performance share awards0.6 41
Market stock units18.1 27
Total unrecognized stock-based compensation expense$84.1 30
Schedule of Restricted Stock Units Award Activity
The following table summarizes restricted stock unit activity during the past three years:
Restricted Stock Units (RSUs)TotalWeighted
Average
Grant Date Fair Value
RSUs Outstanding - December 31, 2019459,445 $108.61 
Granted245,078 153.01 
Vested(240,297)108.94 
Forfeited(27,459)119.22 
RSUs Outstanding - December 31, 2020436,767 $132.68 
Granted187,916 246.85 
Vested(229,063)141.04 
Forfeited(23,910)166.99 
RSUs Outstanding - December 31, 2021371,710 $183.04 
Granted275,106 254.93 
Vested(234,971)205.42 
Forfeited(21,978)213.69 
RSUs Outstanding - December 31, 2022389,867 $218.55 
Market Units, Valuation Assumptions
We used the following assumptions to estimate the fair value of our MSUs:
Assumptions for Monte Carlo Valuation Model
Grant DateExpected volatilityDividend yieldRisk-free interest rate
May 15, 201920.3 %0.84 %2.17 %
November 15, 201921.0 %0.72 %1.59 %
May 15, 202025.4 %0.83 %0.20 %
November 15, 202026.9 %0.58 %0.23 %
May 15, 202128.0 %0.51 %0.33 %
November 15, 202126.9 %0.40 %0.85 %
May 15, 202229.6 %0.59 %2.79 %
November 15, 202231.8 %0.60 %4.24 %
Schedule of Market Stocks Units
The table below shows MSUs granted and outstanding as of December 31, 2022:
As of December 31, 2022
MSUs granted during 202283,309 
Weighted average grant date fair value$220.73 
Number of MSUs outstanding133,341 
Schedule of Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Performance-Based Units, Vested and Expected to Vest [Table Text Block]
The table below shows performance share awards granted and outstanding as of December 31, 2022:
As of December 31, 2022
Performance share awards granted during 202276,445 
Weighted average grant date fair value$296.68 
Number of performance share awards outstanding63,087 
v3.22.4
Defined Contribution Plan (Tables)
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2022
Defined Contribution Plan [Abstract]  
Schedule of Defined Contribution Plan, Employer Matching Contributions
The following table summarizes our matching contributions:
(in millions)202220212020
401(k) matching contributions$19.7 $16.2 $14.5 
v3.22.4
Income Taxes (Tables)
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2022
Operating Loss Carryforwards [Line Items]  
Schedule of Income Tax Expense and Effective Tax Rate
The following table shows our income tax expense and our effective tax rate for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021, and 2020:

(in millions)202220212020
Income before income taxes and equity in net income (loss) of unconsolidated entities$130.6 $250.5 $283.0 
Equity in net income (loss) of unconsolidated entities(3.6)5.4 0.3 
Total$127.0 $255.9 $283.3 
Income tax expense$56.5 $62.6 $59.7 
Effective tax rate44.5 %24.5 %21.1 %
Schedule of Effective Income Tax Rate Reconciliation
The following table reconciles our income tax expense at the U.S. federal income tax rate to income tax expense as recorded:
202220212020
(in millions, except percentages)Amount%Amount%Amount%
Income tax expense at U.S. federal rate$26.7 21.0 %$53.7 21.0 %$59.5 21.0 %
State income taxes, net of federal income tax benefit6.4 5.0 10.7 4.2 9.5 3.4 
Stock-based compensation activity(1.5)(1.2)(7.2)(2.8)(4.9)(1.7)
Equity in net income (loss) of unconsolidated subsidiaries (including holding gains upon acquisition) 1.0 0.8 0.2 0.1 (13.8)(4.9)
Acquisition earn-out1.8 1.4 5.1 2.0 7.6 2.7 
Net change in valuation allowance related to non-U.S. deferred tax assets, including net operating losses7.7 6.1 0.1 — 2.7 1.0 
Difference between U.S. federal statutory and foreign tax rates and other impacts of foreign operations(1.9)(1.5)(2.6)(1.0)(0.1)— 
Change in unrecognized tax benefits14.1 11.1 (0.2)(0.1)1.2 0.4 
Credits and incentives(3.8)(3.0)(2.1)(0.8)(2.2)(0.8)
Foreign tax provisions (GILTI, FDII, and BEAT)(1)
(4.6)(3.6)(0.7)(0.3)(2.7)(1.0)
Non-deductible expenses and other, net10.6 8.4 5.6 2.2 2.9 1.0 
Total income tax expense$56.5 44.5 %$62.6 24.5 %$59.7 21.1 %

(1) The Tax Reform Act established the Global Intangible Low-Tax Income (GILTI) provision, which taxes U.S. allocated expenses and certain income from foreign operations; the Foreign-Derived Intangible Income (FDII) provision, which allows a deduction against certain types of U.S. taxable income resulting in a lower effective U.S. tax rate on such income; and the Base Erosion Anti-Abuse Tax (BEAT), which is a minimum tax based on cross-border service payments by U.S. entities.
Schedule of Components of Income Tax Expense
The following table shows the components of our income tax expense:
Year ended December 31
(in millions)202220212020
Current tax expense:
U.S.
Federal$49.1 $38.3 $31.5 
State14.9 13.6 11.7 
Non-U.S.30.1 23.0 23.0 
Current tax expense94.1 74.9 66.2 
Deferred tax expense (benefit):
U.S.
Federal(20.8)(2.8)1.2 
State(6.8)(0.3)0.4 
Non-U.S.(10.0)(9.2)(8.1)
Deferred tax expense, net(37.6)(12.3)(6.5)
Income tax expense$56.5 $62.6 $59.7 
Schedule of Income before Income Tax
The following table provides our income before income taxes and equity in net income (loss) of unconsolidated entities, generated by our U.S. and non-U.S. operations:

Year ended December 31
(in millions)202220212020
U.S.$82.4 $218.3 $197.4 
Non-U.S.48.2 32.2 85.6 
Income before income taxes and equity in net income (loss) of unconsolidated entities$130.6 $250.5 $283.0 
Schedule of Deferred Tax Assets and Liabilities The tax effects of the temporary differences that give rise to the deferred income tax assets and liabilities are as follows:
As of December 31,
(in millions)20222021
Deferred tax assets:
Stock-based compensation expense$10.0 $3.7 
Accrued liabilities25.8 24.8 
Deferred revenue9.2 7.9 
Net operating loss carryforwards - U.S.0.1 0.3 
Net operating loss carryforwards - Non-U.S.15.8 8.1 
Capitalized expenses34.5 1.3 
Deferred royalty revenue0.1 0.2 
Allowance for doubtful accounts1.9 1.5 
Lease liabilities 39.7 29.7 
Other0.1 0.7 
Total deferred tax assets137.2 78.2 
Deferred tax liabilities:
Acquired intangible assets(75.4)(84.7)
Property, equipment, and capitalized software(36.2)(30.8)
Lease right-of-use assets(33.1)(23.4)
Unrealized exchange gains, net(0.1)(1.4)
Prepaid expenses(19.5)(16.5)
Investments in unconsolidated entities(7.7)(5.3)
Withholding tax - foreign dividends(0.4)(0.4)
Total deferred tax liabilities(172.4)(162.5)
Net deferred tax liability before valuation allowance(35.2)(84.3)
Valuation allowance(16.9)(4.6)
Deferred tax liabilities, net$(52.1)$(88.9)
Schedule of Deferred Tax Assets and Liabilities Included in Consolidated Balance Sheets
The deferred tax assets and liabilities are presented in our Consolidated Balance Sheets as follows:

As of December 31,
(in millions)20222021
Deferred tax asset, net$10.8 $12.8 
Deferred tax liability, net(62.9)(101.7)
Deferred tax liability, net$(52.1)$(88.9)
Summary of Income Tax Examinations The following table summarizes our gross liability for interest and penalties:
As of December 31,
(in millions)20222021
Liabilities for interest and penalties$1.7 $1.4 
Schedule of Unrecognized Tax Benefits Roll Forward
The table below reconciles the beginning and ending amount of the gross unrecognized tax benefits as follows:

(in millions)20222021
Gross unrecognized tax benefits - beginning of the year$11.4 $11.8 
Increases as a result of tax positions taken during a prior-year period11.3 0.2 
Decreases as a result of tax positions taken during a prior-year period— (0.2)
Increases as a result of tax positions taken during the current period7.7 1.1 
Decreases relating to settlements with tax authorities(3.1)— 
Decreases as a result of lapse of the applicable statute of limitations(0.8)(1.5)
Gross unrecognized tax benefits - end of the year$26.5 $11.4 
U.S [Member]  
Operating Loss Carryforwards [Line Items]  
Summary of Operating Loss Carryforwards
The following table summarizes our U.S. net operating loss (NOL) carryforwards:

As of December 31,
(in millions)20222021
Expiration DatesExpiration Dates
U.S. federal NOLs subject to expiration dates$0.1 2023$0.3 2023
U.S. federal NOLs with no expiration dates— — 0.9 — 
Total$0.1 $1.2 
Non-U.S. [Member]  
Operating Loss Carryforwards [Line Items]  
Summary of Operating Loss Carryforwards
The following table summarizes our NOL carryforwards for our non-U.S. operations:

As of December 31,
(in millions)20222021
Non-U.S. NOLs subject to expiration dates from 2024 through 2042$9.6 $10.2 
Non-U.S. NOLs with no expiration date52.9 21.6 
Total$62.5 $31.8 
Non-U.S. NOLs not subject to valuation allowances$12.2 $14.2 

The increase in non-U.S. NOL carryforwards as of December 31, 2022 compared with the same period in 2021 primarily reflects NOLs from 2022 acquisitions offset by NOLs utilized in 2022.
In assessing the realizability of our deferred tax assets, we consider whether it is more likely than not that some portion or all of the deferred tax assets will not be realized. We recorded a valuation allowance against approximately $50.3 million of the non-U.S. NOLs, reflecting the likelihood that the benefit of these NOLs will not be realized.
v3.22.4
Description of Business (Details)
Dec. 31, 2022
Countries
Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements [Abstract]  
Number of countries in which entity operates 32
v3.22.4
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Millions
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2022
Dec. 31, 2021
Dec. 31, 2020
Business Acquisition [Line Items]      
Depreciation expense $ 97.8 $ 87.0 $ 80.1
Capitalized software development costs $ 81.0 $ 74.0 60.3
Intangible assets useful life 12 years 10 years  
Severance Costs $ 25.9    
Property, Equipment, and Depreciation Property, Equipment, and Depreciation. We state property and equipment at historical cost, net of accumulated depreciation in accordance with FASB ASC 360-10, Property, Plant, and Equipment. We depreciate property and equipment using the straight-line method based on the useful life of the asset, which ranges from three to seven years. We amortize leasehold improvements over the lease term or their useful lives, whichever is shorter. Long-lived assets that are held and used are reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying value may not be recoverable. If the value of future undiscounted cash flows is less than the carrying amount of an asset group, we record an impairment loss based on the excess of the carrying amount over the fair value of the asset group.    
Minimum [Member]      
Business Acquisition [Line Items]      
Asset useful life 3 years    
Intangible assets useful life 1 year    
Revenue timing of cash payments 0 days    
Maximum [Member]      
Business Acquisition [Line Items]      
Asset useful life 7 years    
Intangible assets useful life 20 years    
Revenue timing of cash payments 60 days    
Revenue performance period 3 years    
Sales commissions, period of transfer 3 years    
Internally developed software expense [Member]      
Business Acquisition [Line Items]      
Depreciation expense $ 64.3 $ 59.9 $ 53.9
Capitalized software [Member]      
Business Acquisition [Line Items]      
Asset useful life 3 years    
License-based | Minimum [Member]      
Business Acquisition [Line Items]      
Revenue performance period 1 year    
License-based | Maximum [Member]      
Business Acquisition [Line Items]      
Revenue performance period 3 years    
Asset-based | Minimum [Member]      
Business Acquisition [Line Items]      
Revenue performance period 1 year    
Asset-based | Maximum [Member]      
Business Acquisition [Line Items]      
Revenue performance period 3 years    
v3.22.4
Credit Arrangements (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Millions
Sep. 30, 2022
Jun. 01, 2022
Dec. 31, 2018
Dec. 31, 2022
Sep. 13, 2022
May 06, 2022
Dec. 31, 2021
Oct. 26, 2020
Jul. 02, 2019
Line of Credit Facility [Line Items]                  
Maximum borrowing capacity $ 650.0       $ 600.0        
Long-term debt       $ 1,077.5     $ 359.4    
Long-term debt, outstanding       761.1          
Remaining borrowing capacity       530.0          
Long-term Debt, Excluding Current Maturities       1,109.6     359.4    
Payment for Contingent Consideration Liability, Operating Activities   $ 50.0              
London Interbank Offered Rate (LIBOR) [Member] | Credit agreement [Member]                  
Line of Credit Facility [Line Items]                  
Basis spread on variable rate debt     1.00%            
Private Placement                  
Line of Credit Facility [Line Items]                  
Debt Instrument, Interest Rate, Stated Percentage               2.32%  
Other Long-term Debt               $ 350.0  
Other Long-term Debt               $ 350.0  
Medium-term Notes [Member] | Term Loan Facility [Member]                  
Line of Credit Facility [Line Items]                  
Long-term Debt       641.1     11.0    
Maximum borrowing capacity                 $ 450.0
Line of Credit [Member] | Credit Agreement [Member]                  
Line of Credit Facility [Line Items]                  
Maximum borrowing capacity                 750.0
Line of Credit [Member] | Credit Agreement [Member] | Maximum [Member] | London Interbank Offered Rate (LIBOR) [Member]                  
Line of Credit Facility [Line Items]                  
Basis spread on variable rate debt 1.48%                
Line of Credit [Member] | Credit Agreement [Member] | Maximum [Member] | Lender's base rate [Member]                  
Line of Credit Facility [Line Items]                  
Basis spread on variable rate debt 0.38%                
Line of Credit [Member] | Credit Agreement [Member] | Minimum [Member] | London Interbank Offered Rate (LIBOR) [Member]                  
Line of Credit Facility [Line Items]                  
Basis spread on variable rate debt 1.00%                
Line of Credit [Member] | Credit Agreement [Member] | Minimum [Member] | Lender's base rate [Member]                  
Line of Credit Facility [Line Items]                  
Basis spread on variable rate debt 0.00%                
Line of Credit [Member] | July 2019 Revolving Credit Facility [Member] | Credit agreement [Member]                  
Line of Credit Facility [Line Items]                  
Long-term Debt             0.0    
Maximum borrowing capacity                 300.0
Line of Credit [Member] | July 2019 Revolving Credit Facility [Member] | Letters of credit [Member]                  
Line of Credit Facility [Line Items]                  
Maximum borrowing capacity                 50.0
Line of Credit [Member] | May 2022 Revolving Credit Facility | Credit agreement [Member]                  
Line of Credit Facility [Line Items]                  
Long-term Debt       120.0          
Maximum borrowing capacity           $ 450.0      
Line of Credit [Member] | May 2022 Revolving Credit Facility | Letters of credit [Member]                  
Line of Credit Facility [Line Items]                  
Maximum borrowing capacity           50.0      
Line of Credit [Member] | May 6, 2022 Credit Agreement                  
Line of Credit Facility [Line Items]                  
Maximum borrowing capacity           600.0      
Line of Credit [Member] | May 6, 2022 Credit Agreement | Line of Credit [Member]                  
Line of Credit Facility [Line Items]                  
Maximum borrowing capacity           1,100.0      
Line of Credit [Member] | September 30, 2022, Credit Agreement Second Amendment [Member] | Line of Credit [Member]                  
Line of Credit Facility [Line Items]                  
Maximum borrowing capacity $ 1,300.0                
Notes Payable, Other Payables | Private Placement Financing                  
Line of Credit Facility [Line Items]                  
Long-term Debt       $ 348.5     $ 348.4    
Notes Payable, Other Payables | Private Placement                  
Line of Credit Facility [Line Items]                  
Debt Instrument, Interest Rate, Stated Percentage       2.32%     2.32%    
Long-Term Debt | May 6, 2022 Term Loan                  
Line of Credit Facility [Line Items]                  
Maximum borrowing capacity           650.0      
Line of Credit [Member] | July 2019 Revolving Credit Facility [Member] | Credit agreement [Member]                  
Line of Credit Facility [Line Items]                  
Maximum borrowing capacity                 $ 100.0
Line of Credit [Member] | May 2022 Revolving Credit Facility | Credit agreement [Member]                  
Line of Credit Facility [Line Items]                  
Maximum borrowing capacity           $ 100.0      
v3.22.4
Income Per Share (Details) - USD ($)
$ / shares in Units, shares in Millions, $ in Millions
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2022
Dec. 31, 2021
Dec. 31, 2020
Basic net income per share:      
Consolidated net income   $ 193.3 $ 223.6
Weighted average common shares outstanding (in shares) 42.6 43.0 42.9
Basic net income per share (in dollars per share) $ 1.65 $ 4.50 $ 5.22
Net Income (Loss), Including Portion Attributable to Noncontrolling Interest $ 70.5 $ 193.3 $ 223.6
Diluted net income per share:      
Consolidated net income   $ 193.3 $ 223.6
Weighted average common shares outstanding (in shares) 42.6 43.0 42.9
Net effect of dilutive stock options and restricted stock units (in shares) 0.3 0.4 0.3
Weighted average common shares outstanding for computing diluted income per share (in shares) 42.9 43.4 43.2
Diluted net income per share (in dollars per share) $ 1.64 $ 4.45 $ 5.18
v3.22.4
Revenue (Disaggregation of Revenue) (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Millions
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2022
Dec. 31, 2021
Dec. 31, 2020
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]      
Consolidated revenue $ 1,870.6 $ 1,699.3 $ 1,389.5
Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction, Start Date [Axis]: 2022-01-01      
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]      
Revenue performance period 1 year    
Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction, Start Date [Axis]: 2023-01-01      
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]      
Revenue performance period 1 year    
Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction, Start Date [Axis]: 2024-01-01      
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]      
Revenue performance period 1 year    
Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction, Start Date [Axis]: 2025-01-01      
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]      
Revenue performance period 1 year    
Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction, Start Date [Axis]: 2026-01-01      
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]      
Revenue performance period 1 year    
Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction, Start Date [Axis]: 2027-01-01      
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]      
Revenue performance period 1 year    
License-based      
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]      
Consolidated revenue $ 1,331.7 1,131.7 934.9
Asset-based      
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]      
Consolidated revenue 269.4 264.9 223.8
Transaction-based      
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]      
Consolidated revenue $ 269.5 $ 302.7 $ 230.8
v3.22.4
Revenue (Disaggregation of Revenue, Narrative) (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Millions
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2022
Dec. 31, 2021
Dec. 31, 2020
Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction [Line Items]      
Revenues $ 1,870.6 $ 1,699.3 $ 1,389.5
Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction, Start Date [Axis]: 2022-01-01      
Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction [Line Items]      
Revenue performance period 1 year    
Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction, Start Date [Axis]: 2023-01-01      
Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction [Line Items]      
Revenue performance period 1 year    
Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction, Start Date [Axis]: 2024-01-01      
Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction [Line Items]      
Revenue performance period 1 year    
Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction, Start Date [Axis]: 2025-01-01      
Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction [Line Items]      
Revenue performance period 1 year    
Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction, Start Date [Axis]: 2026-01-01      
Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction [Line Items]      
Revenue performance period 1 year    
Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction, Start Date [Axis]: 2027-01-01      
Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction [Line Items]      
Revenue performance period 1 year    
Minimum [Member] | Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction, Start Date [Axis]: 2025-01-01      
Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction [Line Items]      
Revenue performance period 1 year    
Maximum [Member]      
Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction [Line Items]      
Revenue performance period 3 years    
Licensed-based Revenue      
Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction [Line Items]      
Revenues $ 1,331.7 1,131.7 934.9
Licensed-based Revenue | Minimum [Member]      
Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction [Line Items]      
Revenue performance period 1 year    
Licensed-based Revenue | Maximum [Member]      
Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction [Line Items]      
Revenue performance period 3 years    
Asset-based Revenue      
Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction [Line Items]      
Revenues $ 269.4 $ 264.9 $ 223.8
Asset-based Revenue | Minimum [Member]      
Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction [Line Items]      
Revenue performance period 1 year    
Asset-based Revenue | Maximum [Member]      
Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction [Line Items]      
Revenue performance period 3 years    
v3.22.4
Revenue (Contract Liabilities, Narrative) (Details)
$ in Millions
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2022
USD ($)
Revenue from Contract with Customer [Abstract]  
Increase in contract liabilities from cash payments received $ 75.3
Contract liability $ 489.1
Maximum [Member]  
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]  
Revenue performance period 3 years
v3.22.4
Revenue (Contract Liabilities, Expected Recognition) (Details)
$ in Millions
Dec. 31, 2022
USD ($)
Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction [Line Items]  
Revenue, remaining performance obligation $ 1,073.7
Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction, Start Date [Axis]: 2022-01-01  
Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction [Line Items]  
Revenue, remaining performance obligation $ 790.2
Revenue performance period 1 year
Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction, Start Date [Axis]: 2023-01-01  
Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction [Line Items]  
Revenue, remaining performance obligation $ 176.3
Revenue performance period 1 year
Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction, Start Date [Axis]: 2024-01-01  
Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction [Line Items]  
Revenue, remaining performance obligation $ 58.5
Revenue performance period 1 year
Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction, Start Date [Axis]: 2025-01-01  
Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction [Line Items]  
Revenue, remaining performance obligation $ 14.6
Revenue performance period 1 year
Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction, Start Date [Axis]: 2026-01-01  
Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction [Line Items]  
Revenue, remaining performance obligation $ 5.9
Revenue performance period 1 year
Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction, Start Date [Axis]: 2027-01-01  
Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction [Line Items]  
Revenue, remaining performance obligation $ 28.2
Revenue performance period 1 year
v3.22.4
Revenue (Summary of Contract Assets) (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Millions
Dec. 31, 2022
Dec. 31, 2021
Revenue from Contract with Customer [Abstract]    
Accounts receivable, less allowance for credit losses $ 307.9 $ 268.9
Deferred commissions 76.1 62.3
Total contract assets $ 384.0 $ 331.2
v3.22.4
Revenue Contract Liabilities (Details)
$ in Millions
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2022
USD ($)
Revenue from Contract with Customer [Abstract]  
Contract with Customer, Liability, Change in Timeframe, Performance Obligation Satisfied, Revenue Recognized $ 309.2
v3.22.4
Segment and Geographical Area Information (Operating Lease Assets) (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Millions
Dec. 31, 2022
Dec. 31, 2021
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]    
Operating lease assets $ 191.6 $ 149.2
United States [Member]    
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]    
Operating lease assets 120.0 82.7
UNITED KINGDOM    
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]    
Operating lease assets 20.6 14.4
Europe excluding the United Kingdom [Member]    
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]    
Operating lease assets 18.5 15.8
AUSTRALIA    
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]    
Operating lease assets 3.9 4.6
CANADA    
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]    
Operating lease assets 5.5 7.1
Asia [Member]    
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]    
Operating lease assets 22.6 24.1
Segment, Geographical, Group of Other Countries [Member]    
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]    
Operating lease assets 0.5 0.5
Non United States [Member]    
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]    
Operating lease assets $ 71.6 $ 66.5
v3.22.4
Segment and Geographical Area Information (External Revenue and Long-Lived Assets) (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Millions
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2022
Dec. 31, 2021
Dec. 31, 2020
Revenues from External Customers and Long-Lived Assets [Line Items]      
Revenue $ 1,870.6 $ 1,699.3 $ 1,389.5
Long-lived assets 199.4 171.8  
United States [Member]      
Revenues from External Customers and Long-Lived Assets [Line Items]      
Revenue 1,353.9 1,184.3 970.8
Long-lived assets 165.6 139.3  
UNITED KINGDOM      
Revenues from External Customers and Long-Lived Assets [Line Items]      
Revenue 133.6 135.7 117.5
Long-lived assets 5.4 6.4  
Europe excluding the United Kingdom [Member]      
Revenues from External Customers and Long-Lived Assets [Line Items]      
Revenue 162.9 159.1 113.8
Long-lived assets 8.5 10.1  
AUSTRALIA      
Revenues from External Customers and Long-Lived Assets [Line Items]      
Revenue 55.8 56.9 45.6
Long-lived assets 2.3 3.1  
CANADA      
Revenues from External Customers and Long-Lived Assets [Line Items]      
Revenue 109.8 112.9 101.5
Long-lived assets 4.5 3.8  
Asia [Member]      
Revenues from External Customers and Long-Lived Assets [Line Items]      
Revenue 44.8 41.1 33.6
Long-lived assets 12.8 8.8  
Segment, Geographical, Group of Other Countries [Member]      
Revenues from External Customers and Long-Lived Assets [Line Items]      
Revenue 9.8 9.3 6.7
Long-lived assets 0.3 0.3  
Non United States [Member]      
Revenues from External Customers and Long-Lived Assets [Line Items]      
Revenue 516.7 515.0 $ 418.7
Long-lived assets $ 33.8 $ 32.5  
v3.22.4
Investments and Fair Value Measurements (Classification of Securities) (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Millions
Dec. 31, 2022
Dec. 31, 2021
Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract]    
Available-for-sale $ 2.3 $ 12.3
Held-to-maturity 3.0 3.2
Total 38.0 62.3
Equity method investments $ 32.7 $ 46.8
v3.22.4
Investments and Fair Value Measurements (Gains (Losses) on Investments) (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Millions
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2022
Dec. 31, 2021
Dec. 31, 2020
Available-for-sale:      
Available-for-sale $ 2.3 $ 12.3  
Held-to-maturity:      
Held-to-maturity securities, total amortized cost 3.0 3.2  
Held-to-maturity securities, current 3.0 3.2  
Equity securities, Available-for-sale, Held-to-maturity, Fair Value 38.0 62.3  
Equity securities, Available-for-sale, Held-to-maturity, Accumulated Gross Unrealized Loss, before Tax 0.5 1.0  
Equity securities, Available-for-sale, Held-to-maturity, Accumulated Gross Unrealized Gain, before Tax 2.6 10.0  
Equity investments, Available-for-sale, Held-to-maturity, Amortized Cost 35.9 53.3  
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale, Realized Gain (Loss) [Abstract]      
Equity Securities, FV-NI, Cost 30.7 39.6  
Equity Securities, FV-NI, Current 32.7 46.8  
Equity method investments 32.7 46.8  
Equity Securities, FV-NI, Accumulated Gross Unrealized Gain, before Tax 2.5 8.2  
Equity Securities, FV-NI, Accumulated Gross Unrealized Loss, before Tax (0.5) (1.0)  
Equity securities, Available-for-sale, Realized gains 1.0 5.0 $ 2.1
Equity securities, Available-for-sale, Realized losses 3.1 0.0 0.0
Equity securities, Available-for-sale securities, Realized gains, net (2.1) 5.0 $ 2.1
Debt Securities      
Available-for-sale:      
Available-for-sale securities, amortized cost basis 2.2 5.5  
Available-for-sale securities, unrealized gain 0.1 0.0  
Available-for-sale securities, unrealized loss 0.0 0.0  
Available-for-sale 2.3 5.5  
Convertible Debt      
Available-for-sale:      
Available-for-sale securities, amortized cost basis 0.0 5.0  
Available-for-sale securities, unrealized gain 0.0 1.8  
Available-for-sale securities, unrealized loss 0.0 0.0  
Available-for-sale 0.0 6.8  
Certificates of deposit [Member]      
Held-to-maturity:      
Held-to-maturity securities, total amortized cost 3.0 3.2  
Held-to-maturity securities, unrealized gain 0.0 0.0  
Held-to-maturity securities, unrealized loss 0.0 0.0  
Held-to-maturity securities, current $ 3.0 $ 3.2  
v3.22.4
Investments and Fair Value Measurements (Cost and Fair Value of Securities) (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Millions
Dec. 31, 2022
Dec. 31, 2021
Available-for-sale Securities, Debt Maturities [Abstract]    
Available-for-sale $ 2.3 $ 12.3
Debt Securities, Held-to-maturity, Maturity [Abstract]    
Held-to-maturity securities, due within one year, net carrying amount 3.0 3.2
Held-to-maturity securities, due within one year, fair value 3.0 3.2
Held-to-maturity securities, due within one year, carrying amount 0.0 0.0
Held-to-maturity securities, due within one year, fair value 0.0 0.0
Held-to-maturity securities, total amortized cost 3.0 3.2
Held-to-maturity securities, current $ 3.0 $ 3.2
v3.22.4
Investments and Fair Value Measurements (Unrealized Gains on Trading Securities) (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Millions
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2022
Dec. 31, 2021
Dec. 31, 2020
Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract]      
Unrealized gains (losses), net $ 5.4 $ 1.8 $ (0.4)
v3.22.4
Investments and Fair Value Measurements (Fair Value of Assets) (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Millions
3 Months Ended 12 Months Ended
Jun. 01, 2022
Dec. 31, 2022
Sep. 30, 2022
Jun. 30, 2022
Jun. 30, 2021
Dec. 31, 2022
Dec. 31, 2021
Estimate of Fair Value Measurement [Member] | Fair Value, Recurring [Member]              
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]              
Cash equivalents, fair value disclosure   $ 0.2       $ 0.2 $ 0.6
Investments, fair value disclosure   85.2       85.2 77.0
Estimate of Fair Value Measurement [Member] | Fair Value, Recurring [Member] | Marketable equity investments, exchange traded funds, and mutual funds              
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]              
Equity method investments   32.7       32.7 46.8
Estimate of Fair Value Measurement [Member] | Fair Value, Recurring [Member] | Other Security Investments              
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]              
Asset Acquisition, Contingent Consideration, Liability   50.0       50.0 17.3
Available-for-sale             6.8
Estimate of Fair Value Measurement [Member] | Fair Value, Recurring [Member] | Debt Securities              
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]              
Available-for-sale   2.3       2.3 5.5
Estimate of Fair Value Measurement [Member] | Fair Value, Recurring [Member] | Convertible Debt              
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]              
Available-for-sale   0.0       0.0 6.8
Business Combination, Contingent Consideration Arrangements, Change in Amount of Contingent Consideration, Liability     $ 0.9        
Available-for-sale   2.3       2.3 12.3
Equity method investments   32.7       32.7 46.8
Payment for Contingent Consideration Liability, Operating Activities $ 50.0            
Contingent consideration liability   50.0       50.0 17.3
Payment for Contingent Consideration Liability, Operating Activities 50.0            
Sustainalytics [Member]              
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]              
Business Combination, Contingent Consideration Arrangements, Change in Amount of Contingent Consideration, Liability             34.4
Payment for Contingent Consideration Liability, Operating Activities       $ 56.2 $ 47.5    
Payment for Contingent Consideration Liability, Operating Activities       $ 56.2 $ 47.5    
LCD              
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]              
Business Combination, Contingent Consideration Arrangements, Change in Amount of Contingent Consideration, Liability   3.6          
Payment for Contingent Consideration Liability, Operating Activities 50.0         50.0  
Contingent consideration liability 45.5            
Payment for Contingent Consideration Liability, Operating Activities $ 50.0         50.0  
Debt Securities              
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]              
Available-for-sale   2.3       2.3 5.5
Convertible Debt              
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]              
Available-for-sale   0.0       0.0 6.8
Fair Value, Recurring [Member] | Fair Value, Inputs, Level 1 [Member]              
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]              
Cash equivalents, fair value disclosure   0.2       0.2 0.6
Investments, fair value disclosure   35.2       35.2 52.9
Fair Value, Recurring [Member] | Fair Value, Inputs, Level 1 [Member] | Marketable equity investments, exchange traded funds, and mutual funds              
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]              
Equity method investments   32.7       32.7 46.8
Fair Value, Recurring [Member] | Fair Value, Inputs, Level 1 [Member] | Other Security Investments              
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]              
Asset Acquisition, Contingent Consideration, Liability   0.0       0.0 0.0
Fair Value, Recurring [Member] | Fair Value, Inputs, Level 1 [Member] | Debt Securities              
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]              
Available-for-sale   2.3       2.3 5.5
Fair Value, Recurring [Member] | Fair Value, Inputs, Level 1 [Member] | Convertible Debt              
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]              
Available-for-sale   0.0       0.0 0.0
Fair Value, Recurring [Member] | Fair Value, Inputs, Level 2 [Member]              
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]              
Cash equivalents, fair value disclosure   0.0       0.0 0.0
Investments, fair value disclosure   0.0       0.0 0.0
Fair Value, Recurring [Member] | Fair Value, Inputs, Level 2 [Member] | Marketable equity investments, exchange traded funds, and mutual funds              
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]              
Equity method investments   0.0       0.0 0.0
Fair Value, Recurring [Member] | Fair Value, Inputs, Level 2 [Member] | Other Security Investments              
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]              
Asset Acquisition, Contingent Consideration, Liability   0.0       0.0 0.0
Fair Value, Recurring [Member] | Fair Value, Inputs, Level 2 [Member] | Debt Securities              
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]              
Available-for-sale   0.0       0.0 0.0
Fair Value, Recurring [Member] | Fair Value, Inputs, Level 2 [Member] | Convertible Debt              
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]              
Available-for-sale   0.0       0.0 0.0
Fair Value, Recurring [Member] | Fair Value, Inputs, Level 3 [Member]              
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]              
Cash equivalents, fair value disclosure   0.0       0.0 0.0
Investments, fair value disclosure   50.0       50.0 24.1
Fair Value, Recurring [Member] | Fair Value, Inputs, Level 3 [Member] | Marketable equity investments, exchange traded funds, and mutual funds              
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]              
Equity method investments   0.0       0.0 0.0
Fair Value, Recurring [Member] | Fair Value, Inputs, Level 3 [Member] | Other Security Investments              
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]              
Asset Acquisition, Contingent Consideration, Liability   50.0       50.0 17.3
Fair Value, Recurring [Member] | Fair Value, Inputs, Level 3 [Member] | Debt Securities              
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]              
Available-for-sale   0.0       0.0 0.0
Fair Value, Recurring [Member] | Fair Value, Inputs, Level 3 [Member] | Convertible Debt              
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]              
Available-for-sale   $ 0.0       $ 0.0 $ 6.8
v3.22.4
Acquisitions, Goodwill, and Other Intangible Assets (Narrative) (Details) - USD ($)
3 Months Ended 12 Months Ended
Jun. 01, 2022
Sep. 03, 2021
Jul. 02, 2020
Dec. 31, 2022
Sep. 30, 2022
Jun. 30, 2022
Jun. 30, 2021
Dec. 31, 2022
Dec. 31, 2021
Dec. 31, 2020
Business Acquisition [Line Items]                    
Holding gain on previously held equity interest               $ 0 $ 0 $ 50,900,000
Impairment of intangible assets               0 0 0
Deferred tax liability   $ (3,200,000)                
Goodwill       $ 1,571,700,000       1,571,700,000 1,207,000,000 1,205,000,000
Goodwill impairment loss               0 0 $ 0
Goodwill, Acquired During Period                 14,900,000  
Business Combination, Recognized Identifiable Assets Acquired and Liabilities Assumed, Deferred Tax Liabilities   3,200,000                
Contingent consideration liability       50,000,000.0       $ 50,000,000.0 17,300,000  
Payment for Contingent Consideration Liability, Operating Activities $ 50,000,000                  
Business Combination, Contingent Consideration Arrangements, Change in Amount of Contingent Consideration, Liability         $ 900,000          
Goodwill, Acquired During Period                 14,900,000  
Goodwill and Intangible Assets Disclosure               Acquisitions, Goodwill, and Other Intangible Assets
2022 Acquisitions

Leveraged Commentary & Data (LCD)

On June 1, 2022, we completed our acquisition of LCD, a market leader in news, research, data, insights, and indexes for the leveraged finance market, from S&P for an initial cash payment of $600.0 million plus a contingent payment of up to $50.0 million. We began consolidating the financial results of LCD in our consolidated financial statements as of June 1, 2022.

The total consideration transferred has been recorded as $645.5 million, comprised of a $600.0 million cash payment plus contingent consideration with an acquisition date fair value of $45.5 million.

The acquisition was accounted for as a business combination under the acquisition method of accounting pursuant to ASC 805, which requires that assets acquired and liabilities assumed be recognized at fair value as of the acquisition date. We did not record any adjustments to the purchase price allocation during the fourth quarter of 2022 compared with the preliminary estimates recorded in the second quarter of 2022.

The acquisition date fair value of certain assets and liabilities, including intangible assets acquired and related weighted average expected life calculations, are provisional and subject to revision within one year of the acquisition date. Any changes in the fair values of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed during the measurement period may result in adjustments to goodwill.

The final contingent consideration was determined based upon the achievement of certain conditions related to the separation of LCD’s contractual relationships from S&P contracts that include other S&P products and services during the six-month period following closing. To estimate the fair value of the contingent consideration at the acquisition date, we calculated the weighted average of the estimated contingent payment scenarios. At subsequent balance sheet dates, the contingent consideration was measured at fair value and any changes in the estimate were recorded in earnings unless the change in fair value was the result of facts and circumstances that existed as of the acquisition date. During the third and fourth quarters of 2022, the contingent consideration was remeasured and increased by $0.9 million and $3.6 million, respectively, for total consideration of $50.0 million as of December 31, 2022. The contingent consideration is classified as "Contingent consideration liabilities" on our Consolidated Balance Sheet.
The following table summarizes our allocation of the estimated fair values of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed at the acquisition date:
(in millions)
Fair value of consideration$645.5 
Accounts receivable and other current assets$9.7 
Intangible assets, net275.6 
Deferred revenue(25.8)
Total fair value of net assets acquired$259.5 
Goodwill$386.0 

Acquired accounts receivable were recorded at gross contractual amounts receivable, which approximates fair value. We expect to collect substantially all of the gross contractual amounts receivable within a reasonable period of time after the acquisition date.

The preliminary allocation of the estimated fair values of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed includes $275.6 million of acquired intangible assets, as follows:
(in millions)Weighted average useful life (years)
Customer-related assets$197.3 20
Technology-based assets65.7 10
Intellectual property12.6 10
Total intangible assets$275.6 

Goodwill of $386.0 million represents the excess over the fair value of the net tangible and intangible assets acquired. Since LCD was an asset acquisition, goodwill is deductible for income tax purposes for that transaction.

Praemium Portfolio Services Limited

On June 30, 2022, we completed our acquisition of Praemium Portfolio Services Limited (Praemium), a U.K.-based global provider of digital-first financial services, with $44.9 million in cash paid at closing, subject to post-closing adjustments. Praemium and its subsidiaries offer several investment platforms and customer relationship management services to their financial planning and wealth management clients across the U.K. and international markets. We began consolidating the financial results of Praemium in our consolidated financial statements as of June 30, 2022.

The acquisition was accounted for as a business combination under the acquisition method of accounting pursuant to ASC 805. We did not record any significant adjustments to the purchase price allocation during the fourth quarter of 2022 compared with the preliminary estimates recorded in the second quarter of 2022.

The acquisition date fair value of certain assets and liabilities, including intangible assets acquired and related weighted average expected life calculations, are provisional and subject to revision within one year of the acquisition date. Any changes in the fair values of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed during the measurement period may result in adjustments to goodwill.
The following table summarizes our allocation of the estimated fair values of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed at the acquisition date:
(in millions)
Fair value of consideration transferred$44.9 
Cash and cash equivalents$5.5 
Accounts receivable and other current and non-current assets3.3 
Intangible assets, net22.1 
Deferred revenue(0.3)
Deferred tax liability, net(5.4)
Other current and non-current liabilities(2.2)
Total fair value of net assets acquired$23.0 
Goodwill$21.9 

Acquired accounts receivable were recorded at gross contractual amounts receivable, which approximates fair value. We expect to collect substantially all of the gross contractual amounts receivable within a reasonable period of time after the acquisition date.

The preliminary allocation of the estimated fair values of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed includes $22.1 million of acquired intangible assets, as follows:
(in millions)Weighted average useful life (years)
Customer-related assets$2.9 10
Technology-based assets19.2 10
Total intangible assets$22.1 

Goodwill of $21.9 million represents the excess over the fair value of the net tangible and intangible assets acquired. Goodwill is not deductible for income tax purposes for that transaction.

We recognized a preliminary net deferred tax liability of $5.4 million primarily because the amortization expense related to certain intangible assets is not deductible for income tax purposes.

2021 Acquisitions

Moorgate Benchmarks

On September 3, 2021, we acquired Moorgate Benchmarks (Moorgate), a privately held European-based global provider of index design, calculation, and administration. We began consolidating the financial results of Moorgate in our consolidated financial statements on September 3, 2021.

The transaction has been accounted for as a business combination using the acquisition method of accounting, which requires that assets acquired and liabilities assumed be recognized at their fair values as of the acquisition date. We finalized the purchase price allocation related to our acquisition of Moorgate during the fourth quarter of 2021 and did not record any significant adjustments compared to the preliminary estimates at the date of acquisition.
The allocation of the estimated fair values of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed includes $14.9 million of goodwill and $13.4 million of acquired intangible assets, as follows:

(in millions)Weighted average useful life (years)
Technology-based assets$12.1 7
Customer-related assets1.3 5
Total intangible assets$13.4 

We recognized a net deferred tax liability of $3.2 million primarily because the amortization expense related to certain intangible assets is not deductible for income tax purposes.

2020 Acquisitions

Hueler Analytics

On January 31, 2020, we acquired Hueler Analytics' Stable Value Fund Comparative Universe Data and Stable Value Index (Hueler Analytics). We began consolidating the financial results of Hueler Analytics in our consolidated financial statements on January 31, 2020.

Plan Plus Global

On April 3, 2020, we acquired PlanPlus Global, a financial-planning, risk-profiling, and portfolio tracking software firm. The acquisition expands our financial-planning capabilities for advisors. We began consolidating the financial results of PlanPlus Global in our consolidated financial statements on April 3, 2020.

Increased Ownership Interest in Sustainalytics Holding B.V. (Sustainalytics)

On July 2, 2020, we completed the acquisition of the remaining 60% interest in Sustainalytics, a globally recognized leader in environmental, social, and governance (ESG) ratings and research, for an initial cash payment of $61.2 million. The acquisition was accounted for as a business combination with July 2, 2020 as the date of acquisition, and the company was determined to be the acquirer. Accordingly, we began consolidating the financial results of Sustainalytics in our consolidated financial statements on July 2, 2020. We previously held an approximately 40% ownership interest in Sustainalytics, which had an estimated fair value of $75.4 million at the date of the acquisition and a book value of $24.5 million immediately prior to the acquisition and resulted in a holding gain of $50.9 million.

The transaction was accounted for as a business combination using the acquisition method of accounting, which requires that assets acquired and liabilities assumed be recognized at their fair values as of the acquisition date.

We finalized the purchase price allocation related to our acquisition of Sustainalytics during 2021 and did not record any significant adjustments compared to the preliminary estimates at the date of acquisition. Subsequent measurement changes for certain contingent liabilities were recognized in the company’s earnings.

Consideration related to the acquisition consisted of an initial cash payment of $61.2 million and contingent payments with an acquisition date fair value of $75.2 million, a portion of which is treated as additional purchase consideration and the remainder, which is sometimes referred to as an earn-out, is accounted for and described as compensation expense for purpose of the following discussion and disclosure. The acquisition date fair values of the additional purchase consideration and compensation were $47.4 million and $27.8 million, respectively. The contingent payments are due on June 30, 2021 and 2022, and each payment is determined based on a multiple of Sustainalytics' revenues for the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2021, respectively, which are also the measurement periods for determining the final payments. In the second quarter of 2021, we made the second cash payment of $47.5 million, which resulted in a decrease of $34.4 million to the contingent consideration liability balance. The payment was based on the achievement of certain revenue metrics for the year ended December 31, 2020.
We used a Monte Carlo simulation to arrive at the estimated fair values of the contingent payments at the acquisition date. At subsequent balance sheet dates, the additional purchase consideration, including contingent payments, will continue to be measured at fair value and is classified as "Contingent consideration liability" on our Consolidated Balance Sheet as of December 31, 2021 and as "Contingent consideration liability" and "Other long-term liabilities" on our Consolidated Balance Sheet as of December 31, 2020. The compensation component is measured based on probability weighted future benefits expected to be paid, and is reflected in "Current liabilities - Accrued compensation" on our Consolidated Balance Sheet as of December 31, 2021 and in "Current liabilities - Accrued compensation" and "Accrued Compensation" on our Consolidated Balance Sheet as of December 31, 2020. At December 31, 2021 and 2020, the fair value of the contingent consideration liability was impacted by foreign currency translations and not by adjustments to key assumptions used in our fair value estimates compared to the assumptions used in the acquisition date fair value estimates. As of December 31, 2021, the compensation component of the final payment was determined using final recorded revenue consistent with the measurement period which ended at December 31, 2021.

The book value of our 40% ownership interest immediately prior to the acquisition date was $24.5 million, and we recorded a $50.9 million non-cash holding gain for the difference between the fair value and the book value of our previously held equity interest. The acquisition of the additional 60% interest was considered an acquisition achieved in stages and resulted in the remeasurement of the previously held equity interest to fair value. The company determined the fair value of the previously held equity interest using a discounted cash flow analysis (an income approach) based on projected cash flows for Sustainalytics combined with other valuation approaches and considerations to estimate total purchase consideration, which was divided by fully diluted outstanding shares to determine the fair value per share. The fair value per share was then applied to the shares of Sustainalytics held by the company to derive the acquisition date fair value of the previously held equity interest. The gain is classified as "Holding gain on previously held equity interest" in our Consolidated Statement of Income for the year ended December 31, 2020.

The following table summarizes our allocation of the estimated fair values of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed at the acquisition date:
(in millions)
Fair value of consideration transferred$108.6 
Fair value of the previously held equity interest75.4 
Cash and cash equivalents$9.8 
Accounts receivable6.2 
Intangible assets, net79.5 
Operating lease assets5.2 
Other current and non-current assets7.4 
Deferred revenue(21.2)
Operating lease liability(5.2)
Deferred tax liability, net(16.9)
Other current and non-current liabilities(15.5)
Total fair value of net assets acquired$49.3 
Goodwill$134.7 

At July 2, 2020, acquired accounts receivable were recorded at gross contractual amounts receivable, which approximates fair value. At December 31, 2020, substantially all amounts were collected.
The allocation of the estimated fair values of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed includes $79.5 million of acquired intangible assets, as follows:

(in millions)Weighted average useful life (years)
Customer-related assets$22.9 20
Technology-based assets46.7 10
Intellectual property9.9 10
Total intangible assets$79.5 

Goodwill of $134.7 million represents the excess over the fair value of the net tangible and intangible assets acquired. Goodwill is not deductible for income tax purposes.

We recognized a net deferred tax liability of $16.9 million primarily because the amortization expense related to certain intangible assets is not deductible for income tax purposes.

Goodwill
 
The following table shows the changes in our goodwill balances from January 1, 2021 to December 31, 2022:
 
 (in millions)
Balance as of January 1, 2021$1,205.0 
Acquisition of Moorgate14.9 
Other, primarily foreign currency translation(12.9)
Balance as of December 31, 2021$1,207.0 
Acquisition of LCD386.0 
Acquisition of Praemium21.9 
Other primarily foreign currency translation(43.2)
Balance as of December 31, 2022$1,571.7 

We did not record any impairment losses in 2022, 2021, or 2020 as the estimated fair value of our reporting unit exceeded its carrying value and we did not note any indicators of impairment. We perform our annual impairment testing during the fourth quarter of each year.

Intangible Assets

The following table summarizes our intangible assets: 
 As of December 31, 2022As of December 31, 2021
(in millions)GrossAccumulated
Amortization
NetWeighted
Average
Useful  Life
(years)
GrossAccumulated
Amortization
NetWeighted
Average
Useful  Life
(years)
Customer-related assets$595.1 $(221.3)$373.8 14$413.7 $(192.8)$220.9 11
Technology-based assets312.8 (173.8)139.0 8232.3 (157.7)74.6 7
Intellectual property & other 92.1 (56.3)35.8 883.0 (50.3)32.7 8
Total intangible assets$1,000.0 $(451.4)$548.6 12$729.0 $(400.8)$328.2 10
 
The following table summarizes our amortization expense related to intangible assets:

(in millions)202220212020
Amortization expense$66.7 $62.0 $58.8 
 
We did not record any impairment losses involving intangible assets in 2022, 2021, or 2020. We amortize intangible assets using the straight-line method over their expected economic useful lives.

Based on acquisitions completed through December 31, 2022, we expect intangible amortization expense for 2023 and subsequent years to be as follows:
 (in millions)
2023$70.3 
202464.4 
202556.2 
202652.4 
202745.3 
Thereafter260.0 
Total$548.6 

Our estimates of future amortization expense for intangible assets may be affected by additional acquisitions, divestitures, changes in the estimated useful lives, impairments, and foreign currency translation.
   
Contingent consideration liability       50,000,000.0       $ 50,000,000.0 17,300,000  
Payment for Contingent Consideration Liability, Operating Activities 50,000,000                  
Business Combination, Contingent Consideration Arrangements, Change in Amount of Contingent Consideration, Liability         $ 900,000          
Sustainalytics [Member]                    
Business Acquisition [Line Items]                    
Percentage of voting interests acquired     60.00%              
Cash paid to acquire the entity     $ 61,200,000              
Percentage of voting interest before subsequent acquisition (percent)     40.00%              
Equity interest in acquiree, fair value     $ 75,400,000              
Holding gain on previously held equity interest     50,900,000              
Consideration     108,600,000              
Deferred tax liability     (16,900,000)              
Goodwill     134,700,000              
Business Combination, Consideration Transferred, Other     24,500,000              
Finite-lived Intangible Assets Acquired     79,500,000              
Business Combination, Recognized Identifiable Assets Acquired and Liabilities Assumed, Deferred Tax Liabilities     16,900,000              
Payment for Contingent Consideration Liability, Operating Activities           $ 56,200,000 $ 47,500,000      
Business Combination, Contingent Consideration Arrangements, Change in Amount of Contingent Consideration, Liability                 34,400,000  
Business Combination, Consideration Transferred, Other     24,500,000              
Payment for Contingent Consideration Liability, Operating Activities           $ 56,200,000 $ 47,500,000      
Business Combination, Contingent Consideration Arrangements, Change in Amount of Contingent Consideration, Liability                 $ 34,400,000  
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]                    
Finite-lived Intangible Assets Acquired     79,500,000              
Business Combination, Step Acquisition, Equity Interest in Acquiree, Book Value     24,500,000              
Business Combination, Assets Arising from Contingencies, Amount Recognized     75,200,000              
Business Combination, Step Acquisition, Equity Interest in Acquiree, Book Value     24,500,000              
Sustainalytics [Member] | Technology-based assets [Member]                    
Business Acquisition [Line Items]                    
Finite-lived Intangible Assets Acquired     $ 46,700,000              
Acquired Finite-Lived Intangible Assets, Weighted Average Useful Life     10 years              
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]                    
Finite-lived Intangible Assets Acquired     $ 46,700,000              
Sustainalytics [Member] | Customer-related intangible assets [Member]                    
Business Acquisition [Line Items]                    
Finite-lived Intangible Assets Acquired     $ 22,900,000              
Acquired Finite-Lived Intangible Assets, Weighted Average Useful Life     20 years              
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]                    
Finite-lived Intangible Assets Acquired     $ 22,900,000              
Sustainalytics [Member] | Purchase Consideration                    
Business Acquisition [Line Items]                    
Contingent consideration liability     47,400,000              
Contingent consideration liability     47,400,000              
Sustainalytics [Member] | Compensation                    
Business Acquisition [Line Items]                    
Contingent consideration liability     27,800,000              
Contingent consideration liability     $ 27,800,000              
Moorgate                    
Business Acquisition [Line Items]                    
Goodwill, Acquired During Period   14,900,000                
Finite-lived Intangible Assets Acquired   13,400,000                
Goodwill, Acquired During Period   14,900,000                
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]                    
Finite-lived Intangible Assets Acquired   13,400,000                
Moorgate | Technology-based assets [Member]                    
Business Acquisition [Line Items]                    
Finite-lived Intangible Assets Acquired   $ 12,100,000                
Acquired Finite-Lived Intangible Assets, Weighted Average Useful Life   7 years                
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]                    
Finite-lived Intangible Assets Acquired   $ 12,100,000                
Moorgate | Customer-related intangible assets [Member]                    
Business Acquisition [Line Items]                    
Finite-lived Intangible Assets Acquired   $ 1,300,000                
Acquired Finite-Lived Intangible Assets, Weighted Average Useful Life   5 years                
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]                    
Finite-lived Intangible Assets Acquired   $ 1,300,000                
LCD                    
Business Acquisition [Line Items]                    
Cash paid to acquire the entity 600,000,000                  
Consideration 645,500,000                  
Goodwill, Acquired During Period 386,000,000                  
Finite-lived Intangible Assets Acquired 275,600,000                  
Contingent consideration liability 45,500,000                  
Payment for Contingent Consideration Liability, Operating Activities 50,000,000             50,000,000    
Business Combination, Contingent Consideration Arrangements, Change in Amount of Contingent Consideration, Liability       3,600,000            
Goodwill, Acquired During Period 386,000,000                  
Contingent consideration liability 45,500,000                  
Payment for Contingent Consideration Liability, Operating Activities 50,000,000             $ 50,000,000    
Business Combination, Contingent Consideration Arrangements, Change in Amount of Contingent Consideration, Liability       $ 3,600,000            
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]                    
Finite-lived Intangible Assets Acquired 275,600,000                  
LCD | Technology-based assets [Member]                    
Business Acquisition [Line Items]                    
Finite-lived Intangible Assets Acquired $ 65,700,000                  
Acquired Finite-Lived Intangible Assets, Weighted Average Useful Life 10 years                  
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]                    
Finite-lived Intangible Assets Acquired $ 65,700,000                  
LCD | Customer-related intangible assets [Member]                    
Business Acquisition [Line Items]                    
Finite-lived Intangible Assets Acquired $ 197,300,000                  
Acquired Finite-Lived Intangible Assets, Weighted Average Useful Life 20 years                  
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]                    
Finite-lived Intangible Assets Acquired $ 197,300,000                  
v3.22.4
Acquisitions, Goodwill, and Other Intangible Assets (Purchase Price Allocation) (Details) (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Millions
12 Months Ended
Jun. 30, 2022
Jun. 01, 2022
Jul. 02, 2020
Dec. 31, 2021
Dec. 31, 2022
Sep. 03, 2021
Dec. 31, 2020
Business Acquisition, Purchase Price Allocation [Abstract]              
Business Combination, Recognized Identifiable Assets Acquired and Liabilities Assumed, Deferred Tax Liabilities           $ (3.2)  
Goodwill       $ 1,207.0 $ 1,571.7   $ 1,205.0
Goodwill, Acquired During Period       $ 14.9      
Sustainalytics [Member]              
Business Acquisition, Purchase Price Allocation [Abstract]              
Consideration     $ 108.6        
Equity interest in acquiree, fair value     75.4        
Cash and cash equivalents     9.8        
Accounts receivable and other current assets     6.2        
Deferred revenue     (21.2)        
Business Combination, Recognized Identifiable Asset Acquired and Liability Assumed, Other Assets     7.4        
Business Combination, Recognized Identifiable Asset Acquired and Liability Assumed, Lease Obligation     (5.2)        
Business Combination, Recognized Identifiable Assets Acquired and Liabilities Assumed, Deferred Tax Liabilities     (16.9)        
Business Combination, Recognized Identifiable Assets Acquired and Liabilities Assumed, Net     49.3        
Business Combination, Recognized Identifiable Asset Acquired and Liability Assumed, Operating Lease Asset     5.2        
Business Combination, Recognized Identifiable Asset Acquired and Liability Assumed, Other Liabilities     $ (15.5)        
Percentage of voting interest before subsequent acquisition (percent)     40.00%        
Goodwill     $ 134.7        
Finite-lived Intangible Assets Acquired     $ 79.5        
LCD              
Business Acquisition, Purchase Price Allocation [Abstract]              
Consideration   $ 645.5          
Accounts receivable and other current assets   9.7          
Deferred revenue   (25.8)          
Business Combination, Recognized Identifiable Assets Acquired and Liabilities Assumed, Net   259.5          
Finite-lived Intangible Assets Acquired   275.6          
Goodwill, Acquired During Period   $ 386.0          
Praemium              
Business Acquisition, Purchase Price Allocation [Abstract]              
Consideration $ 44.9            
Cash and cash equivalents 5.5            
Accounts receivable and other current assets 3.3            
Deferred revenue (0.3)            
Business Combination, Recognized Identifiable Assets Acquired and Liabilities Assumed, Deferred Tax Liabilities (5.4)            
Business Combination, Recognized Identifiable Assets Acquired and Liabilities Assumed, Net 23.0            
Finite-lived Intangible Assets Acquired 22.1            
Goodwill, Acquired During Period 21.9            
Business Combination, Recognized Identifiable Assets Acquired and Liabilities Assumed, Current Liabilities, Other $ (2.2)            
v3.22.4
Acquisitions, Goodwill, and Other Intangible Assets (Allocation of Acquired Intangible Assets) (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Millions
Jun. 30, 2022
Jun. 01, 2022
Sep. 03, 2021
Jul. 02, 2020
Business Acquisition [Line Items]        
Business Combination, Recognized Identifiable Assets Acquired and Liabilities Assumed, Deferred Tax Liabilities     $ 3.2  
Sustainalytics [Member]        
Business Acquisition [Line Items]        
Business Combination, Recognized Identifiable Assets Acquired and Liabilities Assumed, Deferred Tax Liabilities       $ 16.9
Finite-lived Intangible Assets Acquired       79.5
Sustainalytics [Member] | Customer-related intangible assets [Member]        
Business Acquisition [Line Items]        
Finite-lived Intangible Assets Acquired       $ 22.9
Acquired Finite-Lived Intangible Assets, Weighted Average Useful Life       20 years
Sustainalytics [Member] | Technology-based assets [Member]        
Business Acquisition [Line Items]        
Finite-lived Intangible Assets Acquired       $ 46.7
Acquired Finite-Lived Intangible Assets, Weighted Average Useful Life       10 years
Sustainalytics [Member] | Intellectual property [Member]        
Business Acquisition [Line Items]        
Finite-lived Intangible Assets Acquired       $ 9.9
Acquired Finite-Lived Intangible Assets, Weighted Average Useful Life       10 years
Moorgate        
Business Acquisition [Line Items]        
Finite-lived Intangible Assets Acquired     13.4  
Moorgate | Customer-related intangible assets [Member]        
Business Acquisition [Line Items]        
Finite-lived Intangible Assets Acquired     $ 1.3  
Acquired Finite-Lived Intangible Assets, Weighted Average Useful Life     5 years  
Moorgate | Technology-based assets [Member]        
Business Acquisition [Line Items]        
Finite-lived Intangible Assets Acquired     $ 12.1  
Acquired Finite-Lived Intangible Assets, Weighted Average Useful Life     7 years  
LCD        
Business Acquisition [Line Items]        
Finite-lived Intangible Assets Acquired   $ 275.6    
LCD | Customer-related intangible assets [Member]        
Business Acquisition [Line Items]        
Finite-lived Intangible Assets Acquired   $ 197.3    
Acquired Finite-Lived Intangible Assets, Weighted Average Useful Life   20 years    
LCD | Technology-based assets [Member]        
Business Acquisition [Line Items]        
Finite-lived Intangible Assets Acquired   $ 65.7    
Acquired Finite-Lived Intangible Assets, Weighted Average Useful Life   10 years    
LCD | Intellectual property [Member]        
Business Acquisition [Line Items]        
Finite-lived Intangible Assets Acquired   $ 12.6    
Acquired Finite-Lived Intangible Assets, Weighted Average Useful Life   10 years    
Praemium        
Business Acquisition [Line Items]        
Business Combination, Recognized Identifiable Assets Acquired and Liabilities Assumed, Deferred Tax Liabilities $ 5.4      
Finite-lived Intangible Assets Acquired 22.1      
Praemium | Customer-related intangible assets [Member]        
Business Acquisition [Line Items]        
Finite-lived Intangible Assets Acquired $ 2.9      
Acquired Finite-Lived Intangible Assets, Weighted Average Useful Life 10 years      
Praemium | Technology-based assets [Member]        
Business Acquisition [Line Items]        
Finite-lived Intangible Assets Acquired $ 19.2      
Acquired Finite-Lived Intangible Assets, Weighted Average Useful Life 10 years      
v3.22.4
Acquisitions, Goodwill, and Other Intangible Assets (Schedule of Goodwill) (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Millions
12 Months Ended
Jun. 30, 2022
Jun. 01, 2022
Dec. 31, 2022
Dec. 31, 2021
Goodwill [Roll Forward]        
Goodwill, Beginning Balance     $ 1,207.0 $ 1,205.0
Goodwill, Acquired During Period       14.9
Goodwill, Foreign Currency Translation Gain (Loss)     (43.2) 12.9
Goodwill, Ending Balance     $ 1,571.7 $ 1,207.0
LCD        
Goodwill [Roll Forward]        
Goodwill, Acquired During Period   $ 386.0    
Praemium        
Goodwill [Roll Forward]        
Goodwill, Acquired During Period $ 21.9      
v3.22.4
Acquisitions, Goodwill, and Other Intangible Assets (Schedule of Intangible Assets) (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Millions
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2022
Dec. 31, 2021
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]    
Gross $ 1,000.0 $ 729.0
Accumulated Amortization (451.4) (400.8)
Net $ 548.6 $ 328.2
Weighted Average Useful  Life (years) 12 years 10 years
Intellectual property [Member]    
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]    
Gross $ 92.1 $ 83.0
Accumulated Amortization (56.3) (50.3)
Net $ 35.8 $ 32.7
Weighted Average Useful  Life (years) 8 years 8 years
Customer-related assets [Member]    
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]    
Gross $ 595.1 $ 413.7
Accumulated Amortization (221.3) (192.8)
Net $ 373.8 $ 220.9
Weighted Average Useful  Life (years) 14 years 11 years
Technology-based assets [Member]    
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]    
Gross $ 312.8 $ 232.3
Accumulated Amortization (173.8) (157.7)
Net $ 139.0 $ 74.6
Weighted Average Useful  Life (years) 8 years 7 years
v3.22.4
Acquisitions, Goodwill, and Other Intangible Assets (Amortization Expense) (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Millions
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2022
Dec. 31, 2021
Dec. 31, 2020
Acquisitions, Goodwill, and Other Intangible Assets [Abstract]      
Amortization expense $ 66.7 $ 62.0 $ 58.8
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets, Net, Amortization Expense, Fiscal Year Maturity [Abstract]      
2017 70.3    
2018 64.4    
2019 56.2    
2020 52.4    
2021 45.3    
Thereafter 260.0    
Intangible assets, net $ 548.6 $ 328.2  
v3.22.4
Investments in Unconsolidated Entities (Details)
¥ in Millions, $ in Millions
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2022
USD ($)
Dec. 31, 2021
USD ($)
Dec. 31, 2020
USD ($)
Dec. 31, 2022
JPY (¥)
Dec. 31, 2021
JPY (¥)
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]          
Cost method investments $ 15.7 $ 13.2      
Total investments in unconsolidated entities 96.0 63.3      
Cost-method investments, other than temporary impairment 0.0 0.0      
Equity method investment, other than temporary impairment 0.0 0.0      
Proceeds from sale of equity method investments, net 0.0 1.1 $ 35.2    
Realized gains on sale of equity method investments 0.0 0.9 30.0    
Proceeds from sale of equity method investments, net 0.0 1.1 35.2    
Realized gains on sale of equity method investments 0.0 0.9 $ 30.0    
Other Equity Method Investments [Member]          
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]          
Equity method investments 26.6 31.4      
YCharts [Member]          
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]          
Equity method investment, ownership percentage     0.00%    
Morningstar Japan KK [Member]          
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]          
Equity method investments $ 18.7 $ 18.7      
Equity method investment, ownership percentage 22.10% 22.10%   22.10% 22.10%
Equity method investment, approximate market value $ 68.7 $ 111.1   ¥ 9,010.2 ¥ 12,781.0
Ellevest [Member]          
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]          
Equity method investment, ownership percentage     17.00%    
SmartX          
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]          
Cost method investments $ 35.0 $ 0.0      
v3.22.4
Property, Equipment, and Capitalized Software (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Millions
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2022
Dec. 31, 2021
Dec. 31, 2020
Property, Plant and Equipment, Net [Abstract]      
Property, equipment, and capitalized software, at cost $ 810.1 $ 701.0  
Less accumulated depreciation (610.7) (529.2)  
Property, equipment, and capitalized software, net 199.4 171.8  
Depreciation expense 97.8 87.0 $ 80.1
Computer equipment [Member]      
Property, Plant and Equipment, Net [Abstract]      
Property, equipment, and capitalized software, at cost 103.2 85.7  
Capitalized software [Member]      
Property, Plant and Equipment, Net [Abstract]      
Property, equipment, and capitalized software, at cost 545.5 464.5  
Furniture and fixtures [Member]      
Property, Plant and Equipment, Net [Abstract]      
Property, equipment, and capitalized software, at cost 38.9 36.9  
Leasehold improvements [Member]      
Property, Plant and Equipment, Net [Abstract]      
Property, equipment, and capitalized software, at cost 106.5 100.7  
Telephone equipment [Member]      
Property, Plant and Equipment, Net [Abstract]      
Property, equipment, and capitalized software, at cost 2.3 2.2  
Construction in progress [Member]      
Property, Plant and Equipment, Net [Abstract]      
Property, equipment, and capitalized software, at cost $ 13.7 $ 11.0  
v3.22.4
Leases (Operating Leases) (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Millions
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2022
Dec. 31, 2021
Dec. 31, 2020
Lessee, Operating Lease, Liability, Payment, Due [Abstract]      
2020 $ 44.1    
2021 42.4    
2022 33.0    
2023 36.7    
2024 28.4    
Thereafter 53.2    
Total minimum lease commitments 237.8    
Adjustment for discount to present value 23.8    
Total lease liabilities $ 214.0    
Weighted-average remaining lease term (in years) 6 years 2 months 12 days    
Operating Lease, Weighted Average Discount Rate, Percent 3.20%    
Operating lease expense $ 41.6 $ 42.5 $ 42.4
Variable operating lease charges 16.9 16.2  
Payments on operating leases $ 42.6 $ 47.4  
Minimum [Member]      
Lessee, Operating Lease, Liability, Payment, Due [Abstract]      
Lessee, Operating Lease, Term of Contract 1 year    
Maximum [Member]      
Lessee, Operating Lease, Liability, Payment, Due [Abstract]      
Lessee, Operating Lease, Term of Contract 12 years    
v3.22.4
Stock-Based Compensation (Narrative) (Details) - shares
12 Months Ended
May 14, 2021
Dec. 31, 2022
Share-Based Payment Arrangement [Abstract]    
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Number of Additional Shares Authorized 1,050,000  
Restricted stock units [Member]    
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]    
Award vesting period   4 years
Performance share awards [Member] | PitchBook Plan [Member]    
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]    
Award vesting period   1 year
Employee [Member] | Stock options [Member]    
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]    
Award vesting period   4 years
Non-employee director [Member] | Stock options [Member]    
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]    
Award vesting period   3 years
Non-employee director [Member] | Restricted stock units [Member]    
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]    
Award vesting period   3 years
v3.22.4
Stock-Based Compensation (Shares Available for Future Grants) (Details)
shares in Millions
Dec. 31, 2022
shares
Share-Based Payment Arrangement [Abstract]  
Shares available for future grants 2.9
v3.22.4
Stock-Based Compensation (Allocation of Stock-Based Compensation Costs) (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Millions
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2022
Dec. 31, 2021
Dec. 31, 2020
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]      
Stock-based compensation expense $ 83.2 $ 41.9 $ 36.6
Income tax benefit related to the stock-based compensation expense 18.3 8.9 6.7
Restricted stock units [Member]      
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]      
Stock-based compensation expense 35.9 25.8 22.2
Performance share awards [Member]      
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]      
Stock-based compensation expense 37.2 10.6 10.2
Market Stock Units [Member]      
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]      
Stock-based compensation expense $ 10.1 $ 5.5 $ 4.2
v3.22.4
Stock-Based Compensation (Unrecognized Stock-Based Compensation Expense) (Details)
$ in Millions
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2022
USD ($)
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]  
Income tax benefit related to the stock-based compensation expense $ 84.1
Expected amortization period (months) 30 months
Restricted stock units [Member]  
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]  
Income tax benefit related to the stock-based compensation expense $ 65.4
Expected amortization period (months) 31 months
Performance share awards [Member]  
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]  
Income tax benefit related to the stock-based compensation expense $ 0.6
Expected amortization period (months) 41 months
Market Stock Units [Member]  
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]  
Income tax benefit related to the stock-based compensation expense $ 18.1
Expected amortization period (months) 27 months
v3.22.4
Stock-Based Compensation (Restricted Stock Units Activity) (Details) - Restricted stock units [Member] - $ / shares
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2022
Dec. 31, 2021
Dec. 31, 2020
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Equity Instruments Other than Options, Nonvested, Number of Shares [Roll Forward]      
RSUs Outstanding, Beginning Balance 371,710 436,767 459,445
RSUs Outstanding, Beginning Balance, Weighted Average Grant Date Value per RSU $ 183.04 $ 132.68 $ 108.61
Granted 275,106 187,916 245,078
Granted, Weighted Average Grant Date Value per RSU $ 254.93 $ 246.85 $ 153.01
Vested (234,971) (229,063) (240,297)
Vested, Weighted Average Grant Date Value per RSU $ 205.42 $ 141.04 $ 108.94
Forfeited (21,978) (23,910) (27,459)
Forfeited, Weighted Average Grant Date Value per RSU $ 213.69 $ 166.99 $ 119.22
RSUs Outstanding, Ending Balance 389,867 371,710 436,767
RSUs Outstanding, Ending Balance, Weighted Average Grant Date Value per RSU $ 218.55 $ 183.04 $ 132.68
v3.22.4
Stock-Based Compensation (Assumptions Used to Estimate Fair Value of Market Units (Details) - Market Stock Units [Member]
Nov. 15, 2022
May 15, 2022
Nov. 15, 2021
May 15, 2021
Nov. 15, 2020
May 15, 2020
Nov. 15, 2019
May 15, 2019
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]                
Expected volatility 31.80% 29.60% 26.90% 28.00% 26.90% 25.40% 21.00% 20.30%
Dividend yield 0.60% 0.59% 0.40% 0.51% 0.58% 0.83% 0.72% 0.84%
Risk-free interest rate 4.24% 2.79% 0.85% 0.33% 0.23% 0.20% 1.59% 2.17%
v3.22.4
Stock-Based Compensation (Market Units) (Details) - Market Stock Units [Member]
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2022
$ / shares
shares
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]  
Market stock units granted (in shares) 83,309
Weighted average fair value per award (in dollars per share) | $ / shares $ 220.73
Number of target market stock units outstanding (in shares) 133,341
v3.22.4
Stock-Based Compensation (Additional Information on Options) (Details) - Range One [Member]
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2022
$ / shares
Share-based Payment Arrangement, Option, Exercise Price Range [Line Items]  
Expected exercise price: $ 57.28
Exercise price range, lower range limit 57.28
Exercise price range, upper range limit 59.35
Options Outstanding, Weighted Average Exercise Price, Vested or Expected to Vest $ 57.28
v3.22.4
Stock-Based Compensation (Total Stock-Based Compensation Expense) (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Millions
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2022
Dec. 31, 2021
Dec. 31, 2020
Share-based Payment Arrangement, Expensed and Capitalized, Amount [Line Items]      
Stock-based compensation expense $ 83.2 $ 41.9 $ 36.6
Cost of revenue [Member]      
Share-based Payment Arrangement, Expensed and Capitalized, Amount [Line Items]      
Stock-based compensation expense 21.6 16.5 13.5
Selling and marketing expense [Member]      
Share-based Payment Arrangement, Expensed and Capitalized, Amount [Line Items]      
Stock-based compensation expense 8.5 4.4 4.6
General and administrative expense [Member]      
Share-based Payment Arrangement, Expensed and Capitalized, Amount [Line Items]      
Stock-based compensation expense $ 53.1 $ 21.0 $ 18.5
v3.22.4
Stock-based Compensation (PitchBook Bonus Plan) (Details) - Performance share awards [Member]
$ / shares in Units, $ in Thousands
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2022
USD ($)
$ / shares
shares
PitchBook Plan, Renewal For 2020 To 2022 [Member]  
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]  
Shares available for issuance, aggregate target value $ 30,000
Target value of shares expected to be granted in year one 7,500
Target value of shares expected to be granted in year two 7,500
Target value of shares expected to be granted in year three $ 15,000
PitchBook Plan [Member]  
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]  
Award vesting period 1 year
Performance share awards granted during 2022 | shares 76,445
Weighted average fair value per award | $ / shares $ 296.68
Number of performance share awards outstanding | shares 63,087
PitchBook Plan, Renewal For 2023 To 2025  
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]  
Shares available for issuance, aggregate target value $ 28,600
PitchBook Plan, Renewal For 2023  
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]  
Shares available for issuance, aggregate target value 7,150
PitchBook Plan, Renewal For 2024  
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]  
Shares available for issuance, aggregate target value 7,150
PitchBook Plan, Renewal For 2025  
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]  
Shares available for issuance, aggregate target value $ 14,300
v3.22.4
Defined Contribution Plan (Details) - USD ($)
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2022
Dec. 31, 2021
Dec. 31, 2020
Defined Contribution Plan [Abstract]      
401(k) matching contributions $ 19,700,000 $ 16,200,000 $ 14,500,000
Matching contribution to 401(k) for every dollar $ 0.75 $ 0.75 $ 0.75
Matching contribution percent to employee's contribution in pay period 7.00% 7.00% 7.00%
v3.22.4
Income Taxes (Schedule of Income Tax Expense and Effective Tax Rate) (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Millions
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2022
Dec. 31, 2021
Dec. 31, 2020
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]      
Income before income taxes and equity in net income (loss) of unconsolidated entities $ 130.6 $ 250.5 $ 283.0
Equity in net income (loss) of unconsolidated entities (3.6) 5.4 0.3
Income loss from continuing operations before income taxes domestic and foreign 127.0 255.9 283.3
Income tax expense $ 56.5 $ 62.6 $ 59.7
Effective income tax rate 44.50% 24.50% 21.10%
v3.22.4
Income Taxes (Narrative) (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Millions
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2022
Dec. 31, 2021
Dec. 31, 2020
Income Tax Contingency [Line Items]      
Effective income tax rate (percent) 44.50% 24.50% 21.10%
Effective income tax rate, increase (decrease) from prior year (percent) 20.00% (3.40%)  
Accumulated undistributed earnings from foreign subsidiaries $ 240.1    
Operating loss carryforwards 0.1 $ 1.2  
Unrecognized tax benefits included in current liabilities 18.3 7.2  
Unrecognized tax benefits included in non-current liabilities 6.0 5.2  
Unrecognized tax benefits, period increase (decrease) 19.0    
Result of tax position taken during period 19.0    
Increase in income tax expense 18.8    
Reductions resulting from settlements and lapse of statute of limitations 3.9    
Decrease of unrecognized tax benefits relating to settlements with tax authorities 1.8    
Reductions resulting from settlements and lapse statute of limitations, tax effect 1.8    
Decreases relating to settlements with tax authorities 3.1 0.0  
Reductions as a result of lapse of the applicable statute of limitations 0.8 1.5  
Gross unrecognized tax benefits 26.5 11.4 $ 11.8
Unrecognized tax benefits that would impact effective tax rate 13.7    
Decrease in income tax expense upon recognition of gross unrecognized tax benefits 26.1    
Foreign Tax Authority [Member]      
Income Tax Contingency [Line Items]      
Operating loss carryforwards 62.5 31.8  
Operating loss carryforwards, not subject to valuation allowances 12.2 14.2  
Subject to Expiration Date [Member] | Domestic Tax Authority [Member]      
Income Tax Contingency [Line Items]      
Operating loss carryforwards 0.1 0.3  
Subject to Expiration Date [Member] | Foreign Tax Authority [Member]      
Income Tax Contingency [Line Items]      
Operating loss carryforwards 9.6 $ 10.2  
Valuation Allowance | Foreign Tax Authority [Member]      
Income Tax Contingency [Line Items]      
Operating Loss Carryforwards, Valuation Allowance $ 50.3    
v3.22.4
Income Taxes (Schedule of Effective Income Tax Rate Reconciliation) (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Millions
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2022
Dec. 31, 2021
Dec. 31, 2020
Income Tax Examination [Line Items]      
Income tax expense at U.S. federal rate $ 26.7 $ 53.7 $ 59.5
Income tax expense at U.S. federal rate, percent 21.00% 21.00% 21.00%
State income taxes, net of federal income tax benefit $ 6.4 $ 10.7 $ 9.5
State income taxes, net of federal income tax benefit, percent 5.00% 4.20% 3.40%
Stock-based compensation activity $ (1.5) $ (7.2) $ (4.9)
Stock-based compensation activity, percent (1.20%) (2.80%) (1.70%)
Equity in net income (loss) of unconsolidated subsidiaries (including holding gains upon acquisition) $ 1.0 $ 0.2 $ (13.8)
Holding gain upon acquisition of additional ownership of equity method investments, percent 0.80% 0.10% (4.90%)
Effective Income Tax Rate Reconciliation,Other Reconciling Items, Percent 1.40% 2.00% 2.70%
Effective Income Tax Rate Reconciliation, Other Reconciling Items, Amount $ 1.8 $ 5.1 $ 7.6
Net change in valuation allowance related to non-U.S. deffered tax assets, primarily net operating losses $ 7.7 $ 0.1 $ 2.7
Net change in valuation allowance related to non-U.S. deffered tax assets, primarily net operating losses, percent 6.10% 0.00% 1.00%
Difference between U.S. federal statutory and foreign tax rates $ (1.9) $ (2.6) $ (0.1)
Difference between U.S. federal statutory and foreign tax rates, percent (1.50%) (1.00%) 0.00%
Foreign tax provisions (GILTI, FDII, and BEAT) $ (4.6) $ (0.7) $ (2.7)
Foreign tax provisions (GILTI, FDII, and BEAT), percent (3.60%) (0.30%) (1.00%)
Change in unrecognized tax benefits $ 14.1 $ (0.2) $ 1.2
Changes in unrecognized tax benefits, percent 11.10% (0.10%) 0.40%
Other tax credits $ (3.8) $ (2.1) $ (2.2)
Other tax credits, percent (3.00%) (0.80%) (0.80%)
Other - net $ 10.6 $ 5.6 $ 2.9
Other - net, percent 8.40% 2.20% 1.00%
Income tax expense $ 56.5 $ 62.6 $ 59.7
Income tax expense, percent 44.50% 24.50% 21.10%
v3.22.4
Income Taxes (Schedule of Components of Income Tax Expense) (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Millions
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2022
Dec. 31, 2021
Dec. 31, 2020
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]      
Federal $ 49.1 $ 38.3 $ 31.5
State 14.9 13.6 11.7
Non-U.S. 30.1 23.0 23.0
Current tax expense 94.1 74.9 66.2
Federal (20.8) (2.8) 1.2
State (6.8) (0.3) 0.4
Non-U.S. (10.0) (9.2) (8.1)
Deferred tax expense (benefit) (37.6) (12.3) (6.5)
Income tax expense $ 56.5 $ 62.6 $ 59.7
v3.22.4
Income Taxes (Schedule of Income before Income Taxes and Equity in Net Income of Unconsolidated Entities) (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Millions
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2022
Dec. 31, 2021
Dec. 31, 2020
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]      
U.S. $ 82.4 $ 218.3 $ 197.4
Non-U.S. 48.2 32.2 85.6
Income before income taxes and equity in net income (loss) of unconsolidated entities $ 130.6 $ 250.5 $ 283.0
v3.22.4
Income Taxes (Schedule of Deferred Tax Assets and Liabilities) (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Millions
Dec. 31, 2022
Dec. 31, 2021
Deferred tax assets:    
Stock-based compensation expense $ 10.0 $ 3.7
Accrued liabilities 25.8 24.8
Deferred revenue 9.2 7.9
Net operating loss carryforwards - U.S. 0.1 0.3
Net operating loss carryforwards - Non-U.S. 15.8 8.1
Deferred Tax Liabilities, Deferred Expense, Capitalized Research and Development Costs 34.5 1.3
Deferred royalty revenue 0.1 0.2
Allowance for doubtful accounts 1.9 1.5
Lease liabilities 39.7 29.7
Other 0.1 0.7
Total deferred tax assets 137.2 78.2
Deferred tax liabilities:    
Acquired intangible assets (75.4) (84.7)
Property, equipment and capitalized software (36.2) (30.8)
Deferred Tax Liabilities, Leasing Arrangements (33.1) (23.4)
Unrealized exchange gains, net (0.1) (1.4)
Prepaid expenses (19.5) (16.5)
Investments in unconsolidated entities (7.7) (5.3)
Withholding tax - foreign dividends (0.4) (0.4)
Total deferred tax liabilities (172.4) (162.5)
Net deferred tax liability before valuation allowance (35.2) (84.3)
Valuation allowance (16.9) (4.6)
Total deferred tax liabilities (52.1) (88.9)
Deferred Tax Assets, Valuation Allowance $ 16.9 $ 4.6
v3.22.4
Income Taxes (Schedule of Deferred Tax Assets and Liabilities Included in Consolidated Balance Sheets) (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Millions
Dec. 31, 2022
Dec. 31, 2021
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]    
Deferred tax asset, net $ 10.8 $ 12.8
Deferred tax liability, net 62.9 101.7
Deferred tax liability, net $ (52.1) $ (88.9)
v3.22.4
Income Taxes (Summary of Operating Loss Carryforwards - U.S and Non-U.S) (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Millions
Dec. 31, 2022
Dec. 31, 2021
Operating Loss Carryforwards [Line Items]    
Operating loss carryforwards $ 0.1 $ 1.2
Non-U.S. [Member]    
Operating Loss Carryforwards [Line Items]    
Operating loss carryforwards 62.5 31.8
Operating loss carryforwards, not subject to valuation allowances 12.2 14.2
Non-U.S. [Member] | Subject to Expiration Date [Member]    
Operating Loss Carryforwards [Line Items]    
Operating loss carryforwards 9.6 10.2
Non-U.S. [Member] | No Expiration Date [Member]    
Operating Loss Carryforwards [Line Items]    
Operating loss carryforwards 52.9 21.6
U.S [Member] | Subject to Expiration Date [Member]    
Operating Loss Carryforwards [Line Items]    
Operating loss carryforwards 0.1 0.3
U.S [Member] | No Expiration Date [Member]    
Operating Loss Carryforwards [Line Items]    
Operating loss carryforwards $ 0.0 $ 0.9
v3.22.4
Income Taxes (Accounting for Uncertainty in Tax Positions) (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Millions
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2022
Dec. 31, 2021
Reconciliation of Unrecognized Tax Benefits, Excluding Amounts Pertaining to Examined Tax Returns [Roll Forward]    
Gross unrecognized tax benefits - beginning of the year $ 11.4 $ 11.8
Increases as a resulting of tax positions taken during a prior-year period 11.3 0.2
Decreases as a result of tax positions taken during a prior-year period 0.0 (0.2)
Increases as a result of tax positions taken during the current period 7.7 1.1
Decreases relating to settlements with tax authorities (3.1) 0.0
Decreases as a result of lapse of the applicable statute of limitations (0.8) (1.5)
Gross unrecognized tax benefits - end of the year 26.5 11.4
Unrecognized tax benefits that would impact effective tax rate 13.7  
Deferred Tax Assets, Valuation Allowance $ 16.9 $ 4.6
v3.22.4
Income Taxes (Summary of Income Tax Examinations) (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Millions
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2022
Dec. 31, 2021
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]    
Liabilities for interest and penalties $ 1.7 $ 1.4
v3.22.4
Share Repurchase Program (Details)
$ in Millions
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2022
USD ($)
shares
Equity [Abstract]  
Stock repurchase program, authorized amount $ 400.0
Stock Repurchased During Period, Shares | shares 887,774
Stock Repurchased During Period, Value $ 227.3
December 6, 2022 Share Repurchase Program $ 500.0
v3.22.4
Subsequent Events (Details)
$ in Millions, ¥ in Billions
12 Months Ended
Mar. 30, 2023
USD ($)
Mar. 30, 2023
JPY (¥)
Feb. 28, 2023
shares
Feb. 06, 2023
USD ($)
Feb. 06, 2023
JPY (¥)
Jun. 01, 2022
USD ($)
Dec. 31, 2022
USD ($)
Dec. 31, 2021
USD ($)
Dec. 31, 2020
USD ($)
Subsequent Event [Line Items]                  
Payment for Contingent Consideration Liability, Operating Activities           $ 50.0      
Payment for Contingent Consideration Liability, Financing Activities             $ 16.2 $ 34.4 $ 0.0
LCD                  
Subsequent Event [Line Items]                  
Payment for Contingent Consideration Liability, Operating Activities           $ 50.0 $ 50.0    
Subsequent event | MJKK                  
Subsequent Event [Line Items]                  
Business Exit Costs $ 60.0 ¥ 8.0              
Payment for Contingent Consideration Liability, Operating Activities $ 45.0 ¥ 6.0              
Payment for Contingent Consideration Liability, Financing Activities       $ 15.0 ¥ 2.0        
Sale of Stock, Number of Shares Issued in Transaction | shares     10,000,000            
Subsequent event | LCD                  
Subsequent Event [Line Items]                  
Payment for Contingent Consideration Liability, Operating Activities       $ 50.0          
v3.22.4
Schedule II: Valuation and Qualifying Accounts (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Millions
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2022
Dec. 31, 2021
Dec. 31, 2020
SEC Schedule, 12-09, Movement in Valuation Allowances and Reserves [Roll Forward]      
Balance at Beginning of Year $ 4.5 $ 4.2 $ 4.1
Charged (Credited) to Costs & Expenses 3.8 1.9 2.8
Additions (Deductions) Including Currency Translations (1.7) (1.6) (2.7)
Balance at End of Year $ 6.6 $ 4.5 $ 4.2