WESTERN ALLIANCE BANCORPORATION, 10-K filed on 2/28/2024
Annual Report
v3.24.0.1
Cover - USD ($)
$ in Millions
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2023
Feb. 21, 2024
Jun. 30, 2023
Entity Information [Line Items]      
Document Type 10-K    
Document Period End Date Dec. 31, 2023    
Current Fiscal Year End Date --12-31    
Document Annual Report true    
Document Transition Report false    
Entity File Number 001-32550    
Entity Registrant Name WESTERN ALLIANCE BANCORPORATION    
Entity Incorporation, State or Country Code DE    
Entity Tax Identification Number 88-0365922    
Entity Address, Address Line One One E. Washington Street, Suite 1400    
Entity Address, City or Town Phoenix    
Entity Address, State or Province AZ    
Entity Address, Postal Zip Code 85004    
City Area Code 602    
Local Phone Number 389-3500    
Entity Well-known Seasoned Issuer Yes    
Entity Voluntary Filers No    
Entity Current Reporting Status Yes    
Entity Interactive Data Current Yes    
Entity Filer Category Large Accelerated Filer    
Entity Small Business false    
Entity Emerging Growth Company false    
ICFR Auditor Attestation Flag true    
Document Financial Statement Error Correction [Flag] false    
Entity Shell Company false    
Entity Public Float     $ 3,790
Entity Common Stock, Shares Outstanding   110,180,344  
Documents Incorporated by Reference
Portions of the registrant’s definitive proxy statement for its 2024 Annual Meeting of Stockholders are incorporated by reference into Part III of this report.
   
Entity Central Index Key 0001212545    
Document Fiscal Year Focus 2023    
Document Fiscal Period Focus FY    
Amendment Flag false    
Auditor Location San Francisco, California    
Auditor Name RSM US LLP    
Auditor Firm ID 49    
Common Stock, $0.0001 Par Value      
Entity Information [Line Items]      
Title of 12(b) Security Common Stock, $0.0001 Par Value    
Trading Symbol WAL    
Security Exchange Name NYSE    
Noncumulative Preferred Stock      
Entity Information [Line Items]      
Title of 12(b) Security Depositary Shares, Each Representing a 1/400th Interest in a Share of 4.250% Fixed-Rate Reset Non-Cumulative Perpetual Preferred Stock, Series A    
Trading Symbol WAL PrA    
Security Exchange Name NYSE    
v3.24.0.1
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS - USD ($)
$ in Millions
Dec. 31, 2023
Dec. 31, 2022
Assets:    
Cash and due from banks $ 276.0 $ 259.0
Interest-bearing deposits in other financial institutions 1,300.0 784.0
Cash and cash equivalents 1,576.0 1,043.0
Fair value 11,165.0 7,092.0
Amortized cost 1,421.0 1,284.0
Investment securities - equity 126.0 160.0
Investments in restricted stock, at cost 281.0 224.0
Loans HFS 1,402.0 1,184.0
Loans:    
Loans HFI, net of deferred fees and costs 50,297.0 51,862.0
Less: allowance for credit losses (336.7) (309.7)
Net loans held for investment 49,960.0 51,552.0
Mortgage servicing rights 1,124.0 1,148.0
Premises and equipment, net 339.0 276.0
Operating lease right of use asset 145.0 163.0
Bank owned life insurance 186.0 182.0
Goodwill and intangible assets, net 669.0 680.0
Deferred tax assets, net 287.0 311.0
Investments in LIHTC and renewable energy 573.0 624.0
Other assets 1,608.0 1,811.0
Total assets 70,862.0 67,734.0
Deposits:    
Non-interest-bearing demand 14,520.0 19,691.0
Interest-bearing 40,813.0 33,953.0
Total deposits 55,333.0 53,644.0
Other borrowings 7,230.0 6,299.0
Qualifying debt 895.0 893.0
Operating lease liability 179.0 185.0
Other liabilities 1,147.0 1,357.0
Total liabilities 64,784.0 62,378.0
Commitments and contingencies
Stockholders’ equity:    
Preferred stock (par value $0.0001 and liquidation value per share of $25; 20,000,000 authorized; 12,000,000 depositary shares issued and outstanding at December 31, 2023 and 2022) 295.0 295.0
Common stock (par value $0.0001; 200,000,000 authorized; 112,169,523 and 111,465,292 shares issued at December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively) and additional paid in capital 2,197.0 2,163.0
Treasury stock, at cost (2,703,218 and 2,550,766 shares at December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively) (116.0) (105.0)
Accumulated other comprehensive loss (513.0) (661.0)
Retained earnings 4,215.0 3,664.0
Total stockholders’ equity 6,078.4 5,356.0
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity $ 70,862.0 $ 67,734.0
v3.24.0.1
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS (Parenthetical) - USD ($)
$ in Millions
Dec. 31, 2023
Dec. 31, 2022
Statement of Financial Position [Abstract]    
Amortized cost, AFS $ 11,849.0 $ 7,973.0
ACL, AFS 1.4 0.0
Investment securities - HTM, ACL 7.8 5.2
Investment securities - HTM Fair value $ 1,251.0 $ 1,112.0
Preferred stock, par value (dollars per share) $ 0.0001 $ 0.0001
Preferred stock, liquidation value (dollars per share) $ 25 $ 25
Preferred stock, shares authorized (shares) 20,000,000 20,000,000
Preferred stock, shares issued (shares) 12,000,000 12,000,000
Preferred stock, shares outstanding (shares) 12,000,000 12,000,000
Common stock, par value (dollars per share) $ 0.0001 $ 0.0001
Common stock, shares authorized (shares) 200,000,000 200,000,000
Common stock, shares issued (shares) 112,169,523 111,465,292
Treasury stock, at cost (shares) 2,703,218 2,550,766
Loans HFS $ 1,402.0 $ 1,184.0
v3.24.0.1
CONSOLIDATED INCOME STATEMENTS - USD ($)
shares in Millions, $ in Millions
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2023
Dec. 31, 2022
Dec. 31, 2021
Interest income:      
Loans, including fees $ 3,409.7 $ 2,393.4 $ 1,488.8
Investment securities 459.9 265.6 158.6
Dividends and other 165.7 32.8 11.3
Total interest income 4,035.3 2,691.8 1,658.7
Interest expense:      
Deposits 1,142.6 276.4 47.5
Qualifying debt 37.9 35.0 33.1
Other borrowings 515.9 164.1 29.3
Total interest expense 1,696.4 475.5 109.9
Net interest income 2,338.9 2,216.3 1,548.8
Provision for (recovery of) credit losses (62.6) (68.1) 21.4
Net interest income after provision for credit losses 2,276.3 2,148.2 1,570.2
Non-interest income:      
Net gain on loan origination and sale activities 193.5 104.0 326.2
Net loan servicing revenue (expense) 102.3 130.9 (16.3)
Service charges and fees 76.3 27.0 28.3
Commercial banking related income 23.7 21.5 17.4
Income from equity investments 15.7 17.8 22.1
(Loss) gain on recovery from credit guarantees (2.2) 14.7 7.2
(Loss) gain on sales of investment securities (40.8) 6.8 8.3
Fair value loss adjustments, net (116.0) (28.6) (1.3)
Other income 28.2 30.5 12.3
Non-interest income (loss) 280.7 324.6 404.2
Non-interest expense:      
Salaries and employee benefits 566.3 539.5 466.7
Legal, professional, and directors' fees 107.2 99.9 58.6
Occupancy 65.6 55.5 43.8
Deposit costs 436.7 165.8 29.8
Data processing 122.0 83.0 58.2
Loan servicing expenses 58.8 55.5 53.5
Insurance 190.4 31.1 23.0
Loan acquisition and origination expenses 20.4 23.1 28.8
Business development and marketing 21.8 22.1 13.5
Extinguishment of debt (52.7) 0.0 5.9
Acquisition and restructure expenses 0.0 0.4 15.3
Other expense 86.9 80.8 54.3
Total non-interest expense 1,623.4 1,156.7 851.4
Income (loss) before provision for income taxes 933.6 1,316.1 1,123.0
Income tax expense 211.2 258.8 223.8
Net income 722.4 1,057.3 899.2
Dividends on preferred stock 12.8 12.8 3.5
Net income available to common stockholders $ 709.6 $ 1,044.5 $ 895.7
Earnings per share:      
Earnings per share, basic (dollars per share) $ 6.55 $ 9.74 $ 8.72
Earnings per share, diluted (dollars per share) $ 6.54 $ 9.70 $ 8.67
Weighted average number of common shares outstanding:      
Weighted average number of common shares outstanding, basic (shares) 108.3 107.2 102.7
Weighted average number of common shares outstanding, diluted (shares) 108.5 107.6 103.3
Dividends declared per common share      
Dividends declared per common share (dollars per share) $ 1.45 $ 1.42 $ 1.20
v3.24.0.1
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME - USD ($)
$ in Millions
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2023
Dec. 31, 2022
Dec. 31, 2021
Statement of Comprehensive Income [Abstract]      
Net income $ 722.4 $ 1,057.3 $ 899.2
Other comprehensive income (loss), net:      
Unrealized gain (loss) on AFS securities, net of tax effect of $(41.4), $225.3, and $22.4, respectively 116.9 (674.9) (69.0)
Unrealized (loss) gain on junior subordinated debt, net of tax effect of $0.1, $(1.2), and $0.3, respectively (0.2) 3.7 (1.2)
Realized loss (gain) on sale of AFS securities included in income, net of tax effect of $(10.2), $1.9, and $2.1, respectively 30.2 (5.5) (6.4)
Realized loss on impairment of AFS securities included in income, net of tax effect of $(0.4), $0.0, and $0.0 respectively 1.2 0.0 0.0
Net other comprehensive income (loss) 148.1 (676.7) (76.6)
Comprehensive income $ 870.5 $ 380.6 $ 822.6
v3.24.0.1
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (Parenthetical) - USD ($)
$ in Millions
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2023
Dec. 31, 2022
Dec. 31, 2021
Statement of Comprehensive Income [Abstract]      
Unrealized gain (loss) on AFS securities, tax effect $ 41.4 $ (225.3) $ (22.4)
Unrealized gain (loss) on junior subordinated debt, tax effect 0.1 (1.2) 0.3
Realized gain on sale of securities, tax (10.2) (1.9) (2.1)
Realized loss on impairment of AFS securities, tax effect $ (0.4) $ 0.0 $ 0.0
v3.24.0.1
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY - USD ($)
$ in Millions
Total
Preferred Stock
Common Stock, $0.0001 Par Value
Additional Paid in Capital
Treasury Stock
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)
Retained Earnings
Beginning balance (shares) at Dec. 31, 2020   0 100,800,000        
Beginning balance at Dec. 31, 2020 $ 3,413.5 $ 0.0 $ 0.0 $ 1,390.9 $ (71.1) $ 92.3 $ 2,001.4
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]              
Net income 899.2           899.2
Restricted stock, performance stock units, and other grants, net (shares)     600,000        
Restricted stock, performance stock units, and other grants, net $ 35.0     35.0      
Restricted stock surrendered (shares) 180,607   200,000 [1]        
Restricted stock surrendered [1] $ (15.7)       (15.7)    
Stock issuance, net (shares)   12,000,000.0 5,400,000        
Stock issuance, net   $ 294.5 $ 540.3 540.3      
Dividends paid to preferred stockholders 3.5            
Dividends paid to common stockholders (124.1)           (124.1)
Other comprehensive loss, net (76.6)         (76.6)  
Ending balance at Dec. 31, 2021 4,962.6 $ 294.5 $ 0.0 1,966.2 (86.8) 15.7 2,773.0
Ending balance (shares) at Dec. 31, 2021   12,000,000.0 106,600,000        
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]              
Net income 1,057.3           1,057.3
Restricted stock, performance stock units, and other grants, net (shares)     600,000        
Restricted stock, performance stock units, and other grants, net $ 39.8     39.8      
Restricted stock surrendered (shares) 200,745   200,000 [1]        
Restricted stock surrendered [1] $ (18.5)       (18.5)    
Stock issuance, net (shares)     1,900,000        
Stock issuance, net 157.7     157.7      
Dividends paid to preferred stockholders 12.8           12.8
Dividends paid to common stockholders (153.4)           (153.4)
Other comprehensive loss, net (676.7)         (676.7)  
Ending balance at Dec. 31, 2022 5,356.0 $ 294.5 $ 0.0 2,163.7 (105.3) (661.0) 3,664.1
Ending balance (shares) at Dec. 31, 2022   12,000,000.0 108,900,000        
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]              
Net income 722.4           722.4
Restricted stock, performance stock units, and other grants, net (shares)     700,000        
Restricted stock, performance stock units, and other grants, net $ 34.4     34.4      
Restricted stock surrendered (shares) 152,452   200,000 [1]        
Restricted stock surrendered [1] $ (11.0)       (11.0)    
Dividends paid to preferred stockholders 12.8           12.8
Dividends paid to common stockholders (158.7)           (158.7)
Other comprehensive loss, net 148.1         148.1  
Ending balance at Dec. 31, 2023 $ 6,078.4 $ 294.5 $ 0.0 $ 2,198.1 $ (116.3) $ (512.9) $ 4,215.0
Ending balance (shares) at Dec. 31, 2023   12,000,000.0 109,400,000        
[1] Share amounts represent treasury shares, see "Note 1. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies" for further discussion.
v3.24.0.1
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS - USD ($)
$ in Millions
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2023
Dec. 31, 2022
Dec. 31, 2021
Cash flows from operating activities:      
Net income $ 722.4 $ 1,057.3 $ 899.2
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash (used in) provided by operating activities:      
Provision for (recovery of) credit losses 62.6 68.1 (21.4)
Depreciation and amortization 63.0 52.4 33.7
Stock-based compensation 34.3 39.8 35.1
Deferred income taxes (24.9) (68.6) 42.0
Amortization of net (discounts) premiums for investment securities (84.0) 21.1 39.8
Amortization of tax credit investments 64.3 63.2 49.5
Amortization of operating lease right of use asset 23.5 22.2 16.3
Amortization of net deferred loan fees and net purchase premiums (84.0) (73.6) (66.3)
Purchases and originations of loans HFS (42,720.9) (45,407.0) (59,569.6)
Proceeds from sales and payments on loans HFS 42,168.1 47,285.0 56,647.7
Mortgage servicing rights capitalized upon sale of mortgage loans (864.5) (719.7) (763.8)
Net (gains) losses on:      
Change in fair value of loans HFS, mortgage servicing rights, and related derivatives 87.8 (73.9) 177.7
Fair value adjustments 122.0 22.3 1.3
Sale of investment securities 40.8 (6.8) (8.4)
Extinguishment of debt (52.7) 0.0 5.9
Other operating activities, net (1.1) 2.2 (15.1)
Other assets and liabilities, net 114.7 (38.7) (157.6)
Net cash provided by operating activities (328.6) 2,245.3 (2,654.0)
Investment securities - AFS      
Purchases (15,144.7) (2,396.3) (3,248.4)
Principal pay downs and maturities 10,036.3 604.2 1,634.1
Proceeds from sales 1,532.6 177.0 164.5
Investment securities - HTM      
Purchases (201.6) (281.9) (595.6)
Principal pay downs and maturities 62.1 100.6 54.9
Equity securities carried at fair value      
Purchases (0.6) (36.2) (36.2)
Redemptions 9.0 6.9 21.0
Proceeds from sales 1.5 14.1 4.4
Proceeds from sale of mortgage servicing rights and related holdbacks, net 798.2 391.9 1,182.8
Purchase of other investments (245.1) (346.6) (134.6)
Proceeds from bank owned life insurance, net 0.7 0.0 0.0
Net decrease (increase) in loans HFI 1,106.8 (11,172.8) (12,665.0)
Purchase of premises, equipment, and other assets, net (114.3) (141.0) (69.4)
Cash consideration paid for acquisitions, net of cash acquired 0.0 (50.0) (1,024.4)
Net cash used in investing activities (2,159.1) (13,130.1) (14,711.9)
Cash flows from financing activities:      
Net increase in deposits 1,688.9 6,032.1 15,681.5
Net proceeds from issuance of long-term debt 9.9 578.4 1,055.7
Payments on long-term debt (818.1) (30.7) (475.9)
Net increase (decrease) in short-term borrowings 2,341.3 4,859.0 (1,742.1)
Net proceeds from repurchase obligations 2,661.8 0.0 0.0
Payments on repurchase obligations (2,681.0) 0.0 0.0
Cash paid for tax withholding on vested restricted stock and other (11.0) (18.5) (15.8)
Cash dividends paid on common stock and preferred stock (171.5) (166.2) (127.6)
Proceeds from issuance of common stock, net 0.1 157.7 540.3
Net cash provided by financing activities 3,020.4 11,411.8 15,210.6
Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents 532.7 527.0 (2,155.3)
Cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash at beginning of period 1,043.4 516.4 2,671.7
Cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash at end of period 1,576.1 1,043.4 516.4
Cash paid during the period for:      
Interest 1,581.0 452.9 111.6
Income taxes, net 63.6 197.6 175.7
Non-cash activities:      
Net increase in unfunded commitments and obligations 77.1 259.3 294.1
Transfers of securitized loans HFS to AFS securities 276.5 205.0 144.5
Transfer of EBO loans previously classified as HFS to HFI 0.0 1,638.1 0.0
Transfer of EBO loans previously classified as HFS to HFI 2,357.2 780.0 0.0
Transfer of loans HFI to HFS, net of fair value loss adjustment [1] 6,646.8 0.0 0.0
Transfers of mortgage-backed securities in settlement of secured borrowings 557.3 610.5 640.6
Transfer of loans HFI to HFS, operating 531.6    
Preferred Stock      
Cash flows from financing activities:      
Proceeds from issuance of preferred stock, net $ 0.0 $ 0.0 $ 294.5
[1] Excludes $531.6 million of loans transferred with an original designation of HFS, whose sales activity was classified as operating cash flows.
v3.24.0.1
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2023
Accounting Policies [Abstract]  
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
1. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES
Nature of operations
WAL is a bank holding company headquartered in Phoenix, Arizona, incorporated under the laws of the state of Delaware. WAL provides a full spectrum of customized loan, deposit and treasury management capabilities, including funds transfer and other digital payment offerings through its wholly-owned banking subsidiary, WAB.
WAB operates the following full-service banking divisions: ABA, BON, FIB, Bridge, and TPB. The Company also serves business customers through a national platform of specialized financial services, including mortgage banking services through AmeriHome and digital payment services for the class action legal industry through DST. In addition, the Company has the following non-bank subsidiaries: CSI, a captive insurance company formed and licensed under the laws of the state of Arizona and established as part of the Company's overall enterprise risk management strategy, and WATC, which provides corporate trust services and levered loan administration solutions.
Basis of presentation
The accounting and reporting policies of the Company are in accordance with GAAP and conform to practices within the financial services industry. The accounts of the Company and its consolidated subsidiaries are included in the Consolidated Financial Statements.
Recent accounting pronouncements
Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures
In December 2023, the FASB issued guidance within ASU 2023-09, Income Taxes (Topic 740). The amendments in this update are intended to increase visibility into various income tax components that affect the reconciliation of the effective tax rate to the statutory rate, as well as the qualitative and quantitative aspects of those components. Public business entities will be required to disclose on an annual basis, specific categories in the rate reconciliation and provide additional information for reconciling items that meet or exceed a five percent threshold (computed by multiplying pretax income by the applicable statutory income tax rate) and include disclosure of state and local jurisdictions that make up the majority of the state and local income tax category in the rate reconciliation. Additional disclosure items include disaggregation of income taxes paid to and income tax expense from federal, state, and foreign jurisdictions as well as disaggregation of income taxes paid to individual jurisdictions in which income taxes paid are equal to or greater than five percent of total income taxes paid.
The amendments in this update are effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024 and interim periods within fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2025 and may be applied on a prospective or retrospective basis. The Company is currently evaluating the impact these amendments will have on its Consolidated Financial Statements.
Accounting for and Disclosure of Crypto Assets
In December 2023, the FASB issued guidance within ASU 2023-08, Intangibles — Goodwill and Other — Crypto Assets (Topic 350). The amendments in this update require entities that hold certain crypto assets to measure such assets at fair value and recognize any changes in fair value in net income in each reporting period. Entities will also be required to present crypto assets measured at fair value separately from other intangible assets on the balance sheet and changes from the remeasurement of crypto assets separately from changes in the carrying amounts of other intangible assets in the income statement. Other disclosure items include the name, cost basis, fair value, and number of units for each significant crypto asset holding and the aggregate fair values and cost bases of crypto asset holdings that are not individually significant along with a rollforward of activity in the reporting period and disclosure of the method for determining the cost basis of the crypto assets.
The amendments in this update are effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024, including interim periods within those fiscal years and are applied through a cumulative-effect adjustment to the opening balance of retained earnings (as of the beginning of the annual reporting period of adoption). As the Company does not currently hold any crypto assets meeting the criteria outlined in the update, the adoption of this guidance is not expected to have an impact on the Company's Consolidated Financial Statements.
Improvements to Reportable Segment Disclosures
In November 2023, the FASB issued guidance within ASU 2023-07, Segment Reporting (Topic 280). The amendments in this update are intended to improve reportable segment disclosure requirements, primarily through enhanced disclosures related to significant segment expenses. The amendments do not change how an entity identifies its operating segments, aggregates those operating segments, or applies the quantitative thresholds to determine its reportable segments and all existing segment disclosure requirements in ASC 280 and other Codification topics remain unchanged. The amendments in this update are incremental and require public entities that report segment information to disclose, on an annual and interim basis, significant segment expenses that are regularly provided to the chief operating decision maker and included within each reported measure of segment profit or loss as well as other segment items. Annual disclosure of the title and position of the chief operating decision maker and how the reported measures of segment profit or loss are used to assess performance and allocation of resources is also required.
The amendments in this update are effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2023 and interim periods within fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024 and are applied on a retrospective basis. The Company is currently evaluating the impact these amendments will have on its Consolidated Financial Statements.
Accounting for Investments in Tax Credit Structures Using the Proportional Amortization Method
In March 2023, the FASB issued guidance within ASU 2023-02, Investments — Equity Method and Joint Ventures (Topic 323). The amendments in this update permit entities to elect to account for tax equity investments, regardless of the tax credit program from which the income tax credits are received, using the proportional amortization method if certain conditions are met. Previously this option was only permitted for LIHTC investments. Additionally, the amendments in this update require all tax equity investments accounted for using the proportional amortization method apply the delayed equity contribution guidance in Subtopic 323-740 and disclosure of the nature of an entity's tax equity investments and their effect on an entity's financial position and results of operations.
The amendments in this update are effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2023, including interim periods within those fiscal years and are applied on a modified retrospective or a retrospective basis. The adoption of this guidance is not expected to have a material impact on the Company's Consolidated Financial Statements.
Recently adopted accounting guidance
Troubled Debt Restructurings and Vintage Disclosures
In March 2022, the FASB issued guidance within ASU 2022-02, Financial Instruments—Credit Losses (Topic 326). The amendments in this update eliminate the accounting guidance and related disclosures for TDRs by creditors in Subtopic 310-40, Receivables—Troubled Debt Restructurings by Creditors, while enhancing disclosure requirements for certain loan refinancings and restructurings by creditors when a borrower is experiencing financial difficulty and requiring an entity to disclose current-period gross write-offs by year of origination for financing receivables and net investments in leases within the scope of Subtopic 326-20, Financial Instruments—Credit Losses—Measured at Amortized Cost.
The Company adopted this accounting guidance prospectively on January 1, 2023. The adoption of this guidance did not have a material impact on the Company's Consolidated Financial Statements.
Use of estimates
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosures of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Management's estimates and judgments are ongoing and are based on experience, current and expected future conditions, third-party evaluations and various other assumptions that management believes are reasonable under the circumstances. The results of these estimates form the basis for making judgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilities, as well as identifying and assessing the accounting treatment with respect to commitments and contingencies. Actual results may differ from those estimates and assumptions used in the Consolidated Financial Statements and related notes. Material estimates susceptible to significant changes in the near term, relate to: 1) the determination of the ACL; 2) certain assets and liabilities carried at fair value; 3) goodwill impairment and 4) accounting for income taxes.
Principles of consolidation
As of December 31, 2023, WAL has the following significant wholly-owned subsidiaries: WAB and eight unconsolidated subsidiaries used as business trusts in connection with the issuance of trust-preferred securities.
WAB has the following significant wholly-owned subsidiaries: 1) WABT, which holds certain investment securities, municipal and nonprofit loans, and leases; 2) WA PWI, which holds interests in certain limited partnerships invested primarily in low income housing tax credits and small business investment corporations; 3) Helios Prime, which holds interests in certain limited partnerships invested in renewable energy projects; 4) BW Real Estate, Inc., which operates as a real estate investment trust and holds certain of WAB's real estate loans and related securities; and 5) Western Finance Company, which purchases and originates equipment finance leases and provides mortgage banking services through its wholly-owned subsidiary, AmeriHome.
The Company does not have any other significant entities that should be consolidated. All significant intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.
Reclassifications
Certain amounts in the Consolidated Income Statements for the prior periods have been reclassified to conform to the current presentation. The reclassifications had no effect on net income or stockholders’ equity as previously reported.
Cash and cash equivalents
For purposes of reporting cash flows, cash and cash equivalents include cash on hand, amounts due from banks (including cash items in process of clearing), interest-bearing balances due from correspondent banks and the FRB, and federal funds sold.
Business combinations
Business combinations are accounted for under the acquisition method of accounting in accordance with ASC 805, Business Combinations. Under the acquisition method, the acquiring entity in a business combination recognizes all of the acquired assets and assumed liabilities at their estimated fair values as of the date of acquisition. Any excess of the purchase price over the fair value of net assets and other identifiable intangible assets acquired is recorded as goodwill. To the extent the fair value of net assets acquired, including identified intangible assets, exceeds the purchase price, a bargain purchase gain is recognized. Assets acquired and liabilities assumed from contingencies are also recognized at fair value if the fair value can be determined during the measurement period. Results of operations of an acquired business are included in the Consolidated Income Statement from the date of acquisition. Acquisition-related costs, including conversion and restructuring charges, are expensed as incurred.
Investment securities
Investment securities include debt and equity securities. Debt securities may be classified as HTM, AFS, or trading. The appropriate classification is initially decided at the time of purchase. Securities classified as HTM are those debt securities the Company has both the intent and ability to hold to maturity regardless of changes in market conditions, liquidity needs, or general economic conditions. The sale of an HTM security within three months of its maturity date or after the majority of the principal outstanding has been collected is considered a maturity for purposes of classification and disclosure. Securities classified as AFS are debt securities the Company intends to hold for an indefinite period of time, but not necessarily to maturity. Any decision to sell a security classified as AFS would be based on various factors, including significant movements in interest rates or market conditions, changes in the maturity mix of the Company’s assets and liabilities, liquidity needs, decline in credit quality, and regulatory capital considerations.
HTM securities are carried at amortized cost. AFS securities are carried at their estimated fair value, with unrealized holding gains and losses reported in OCI, net of tax. When AFS debt securities are sold, the unrealized gains or losses are reclassified from OCI to non-interest income. Trading securities are carried at their estimated fair value, with changes in fair value reported in earnings as non-interest income.
Equity securities are carried at their estimated fair value, with changes in fair value reported in earnings as non-interest income.
Interest income is recognized based on the coupon rate and, for HTM and AFS securities, includes the amortization of purchase premiums and the accretion of purchase discounts. Premiums and discounts on investment securities are generally amortized or accreted over the contractual life of the security using the interest method. For the Company's mortgage-backed securities, amortization or accretion of premiums or discounts are adjusted for anticipated prepayments. Gains and losses on the sale of investment securities are recorded on the trade date and determined using the specific identification method.
A debt security is placed on nonaccrual status at the time its principal or interest payments become 90 days past due. Interest accrued but not received for a security placed on nonaccrual is reversed through interest income.
Allowance for credit losses on investment securities
The credit loss model under ASC 326-20, applicable to HTM debt securities, requires recognition of lifetime expected credit losses through an allowance account at the time the security is purchased. The Company measures expected credit losses on its HTM debt securities on a collective basis by major security type. The Company's HTM securities portfolio consists of low income housing tax-exempt bonds and private label residential MBS. Low income housing tax-exempt bonds share similar risk characteristics with the Company's CRE, non-owner occupied or construction and land loan pools, given the similarity in underlying assets or collateral. Accordingly, expected credit losses on HTM securities are estimated using the same models and approaches as these loan pools, which utilize risk parameters (PD, LGD and EAD) in the measurement of expected credit losses. The historical data used to estimate probability of default and severity of loss in the event of default is derived or obtained from internal and external sources and adjusted for the expected effects of reasonable and supportable forecasts over the expected lives of the securities on those historical losses. Accrued interest receivable on HTM securities, which is included in Other assets on the Consolidated Balance Sheet, is excluded from the estimate of expected credit losses.
The credit loss model under ASC 326-30, applicable to AFS debt securities, requires recognition of credit losses through an allowance account with credit losses recognized once securities become impaired. For AFS debt securities, a decline in fair value due to credit loss results in recognition of an ACL. Impairment may result from credit deterioration of the issuer or collateral underlying the security. An assessment to determine whether a decline in fair value resulted from a credit loss is performed at the individual security level. Among other factors, the Company considers: 1) the extent to which the fair value is less than the amortized cost basis; 2) the financial condition and near term prospects of the issuer, including consideration of relevant financial metrics or ratios of the issuer; 3) any adverse conditions related to an industry or geographic area of an issuer; 4) any changes to the rating of the security by a rating agency; and 5) any past due principal or interest payments from the issuer. If an assessment of the above factors indicates a credit loss exists, the Company records an ACL for the excess of the amortized cost basis over the present value of cash flows expected to be collected, limited to the amount that the security's fair value is less than its amortized cost basis. Subsequent changes in the ACL are recorded as a provision for (or recovery of) credit loss expense. Interest accruals and amortization and accretion of premiums and discounts are suspended when a credit loss is recognized in earnings. Any interest received after the security has been placed on nonaccrual status is recognized on a cash basis. Accrued interest receivable on AFS debt securities, which is included in Other assets on the Consolidated Balance Sheet, is excluded from the estimate of expected credit losses.
For each AFS security in an unrealized loss position, the Company also considers: 1) its intent to retain the security until anticipated recovery of the security's fair value; and 2) whether it is more-likely-than not the Company would be required to sell the security before recovery of its amortized cost basis. If either of the criteria regarding intent or requirement to sell is met, the debt security is written down to its fair value and the write-down is charged against the ACL with any incremental impairment recorded in earnings.
Charge-offs are made through reversal of the ACL and a direct charge to the amortized cost basis of the AFS security. The Company considers the following events to be indicators that a charge-off should be taken: 1) bankruptcy of the issuer; 2) significant adverse event(s) affecting the issuer in which it is improbable for the issuer to make its remaining payments on the security; and 3) significant loss of value of the underlying collateral behind a security. Recoveries on debt securities, if any, are recorded in the period received.
Restricted stock
WAB is a member of the Federal Reserve System and, as part of its membership, is required to maintain stock in the FRB in a specified ratio to its capital. In addition, WAB is a member of the FHLB system and, accordingly, maintains an investment in the capital stock of the FHLB based on the borrowing capacity used. These investments are considered equity securities with no actively traded market. Therefore, the shares are considered restricted investment securities. These investments are carried at cost, which is equal to the value at which they may be redeemed. Dividend income received from the stock is reported in interest income. The Company conducts a periodic review and evaluation of its restricted stock to determine if any impairment exists. No impairment has been recorded to date.
Loans held for sale
The Company's loans HFS primarily consist of purchased and originated 1-4 family residential mortgage loans to be sold or securitized through its mortgage banking business. These loans are reported at either fair value, or the lower of cost or fair value, depending on the acquisition source, as further described below.
The Company has elected to record loans purchased from correspondent sellers or originated directly to consumers at fair value to more timely reflect the Company's performance. Changes in fair value of loans HFS are reported in current period income as a component of Net gain on loan origination and sale activities in the Consolidated Income Statement. Alternatively, delinquent loans repurchased under the terms of the GNMA MBS program, referred to as EBO loans, are reported at the lower of cost or fair value. For EBO loans, the amount by which cost exceeds fair value is accounted for as a valuation allowance and any changes in the valuation allowance are included in Net gain on loan origination and sale activities in the Consolidated Income Statement.
The Company recognizes a transfer of loans as a sale when it surrenders control over the transferred loans. Control is considered to be surrendered when the transferred loans have been legally isolated from the Company, the transferee has the right (free of conditions that constrain it from taking advantage of that right) to pledge or exchange the transferred loans, and the Company does not maintain effective control over the transferred loans through either an agreement that entitles or obligates the Company to repurchase or redeem the loans before their maturity or the ability to unilaterally cause the holder to return loans. If the transfer of loans qualifies as a sale, the Company derecognizes such loans. If the transfer of loans does not qualify as a sale, the proceeds from the transfer are accounted for as secured borrowings.
Loan acquisition and origination fees on loans HFS consist of fees earned by the Company for purchasing and originating loans and are recognized at the time the loans are purchased or originated. These fees generally represent flat, per loan fee amounts and are included as Net gain on loan origination and sale activities in the Consolidated Income Statement.
Recognition of interest income on non-government guaranteed or uninsured loans HFS is suspended and accrued unpaid interest receivable is reversed through interest income when loans become 90 days delinquent or when recovery of income and principal becomes doubtful. Loans return to accrual status when the principal and interest become current and it is probable the amounts are fully collectible. For government guaranteed or insured loans HFS that are 90 days delinquent, the Company continues to recognize interest income at a rate between the debenture and notes rates, as adjusted for probability of default for FHA loans and at the note rate for VA and USDA loans.
At times, the Company may also transfer loans from its HFI portfolio to HFS. Loans transferred from HFI to HFS will be transferred at the lower of amortized cost basis (adjusted for any charge-offs) or fair value. If the amortized cost basis of the transferred loan exceeds its fair value, a valuation allowance equal to the difference in these amounts will be established on the transfer date and any subsequent changes in the valuation allowance will be recognized in earnings. Any ACL previously recorded on transferred loans will be reversed and recognized in earnings at the time of the transfer.
If management determines it no longer intends to sell loans classified as HFS, such loans will be transferred to loans HFI. Loans transferred from HFS to HFI are transferred at amortized cost and any valuation allowance previously recorded is reversed and recognized in earnings at the time of the transfer. The loans are then subject to ACL measurement.
Loans held for investment
Loans HFI are loans management has the intent and ability to hold for the foreseeable future or until maturity or payoff and are reported at amortized cost. Amortized cost is the amount of unpaid principal, adjusted for unamortized net deferred fees and costs, premiums and discounts, and charge-offs. In addition, the amortized cost basis of loans subject to fair value hedges are adjusted for changes in value attributable to the effective portion of the hedged benchmark interest rate risk.
The Company may also purchase loans or acquire loans through a business combination. At the purchase or acquisition date, loans are evaluated to determine whether there has been more than insignificant credit deterioration since origination. Loans that have experienced more than insignificant credit deterioration since origination are referred to as PCD loans. In its evaluation of whether a loan has experienced more than insignificant deterioration in credit quality since origination, the Company takes into consideration loan grades, past due and nonaccrual status, and loan modifications to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty. The Company may also consider external credit rating agency ratings for borrowers and for non-commercial loans, FICO score or band, probability of default levels, and number of times past due. At the purchase or acquisition date, the amortized cost basis of PCD loans is equal to the purchase price and an initial estimate of credit losses. The initial recognition of expected credit losses on PCD loans has no impact on net income. When the initial measurement of expected credit losses on PCD loans is calculated on a pooled loan basis, the expected credit losses are allocated to each loan within the pool. Any difference between the initial amortized cost basis and the unpaid principal balance of the loan represents a noncredit discount or premium, which is accreted (or amortized) into interest income over the life of the loan. Subsequent changes to the ACL on PCD loans are recorded through the provision for credit losses. For purchased loans not deemed to have experienced more than insignificant credit deterioration since origination and are therefore not deemed PCD, any discounts or premiums included in the purchase price are accreted (or amortized) over the contractual life of the individual loan. For additional information, see "Note 4. Loans, Leases and Allowance for Credit Losses" of these Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
In applying the effective yield method to loans, the Company generally applies the contractual method whereby loan fees collected for the origination of loans less direct loan origination costs (net deferred fees), as well as premiums and discounts and certain purchase accounting adjustments, are amortized over the contractual life of the loan through interest income. If a loan has scheduled payments, the amortization of net deferred fees is calculated using the interest method over the contractual life of the loan. If a loan does not have scheduled payments, such as a line of credit, net deferred loan fees are recognized as interest income on a straight-line basis over the contractual life of the loan commitment. Commitment fees based on a percentage of a customer’s unused line of credit and fees related to standby letters of credit are recognized over the commitment period. When loans are repaid, any remaining unamortized balances of premiums, discounts, or net deferred fees are recognized as interest income.
Nonaccrual loans
When a borrower discontinues making payments as contractually required by the note, the Company must determine whether it is appropriate to continue to accrue interest. The Company ceases accruing interest income when a loan becomes delinquent by more than 90 days or when management determines the full repayment of principal and collection of interest according to contractual terms is no longer likely. Past due status is based on the contractual terms of the loan. The Company may decide to continue to accrue interest on certain loans more than 90 days delinquent if the loans are well secured by collateral and in the process of collection. For government guaranteed or insured loans that are 90 days delinquent, the Company continues to recognize interest income at a rate between the debenture rate and note rates, as adjusted for probability of default for FHA loans, and at the note rate for VA and USDA loans.
For all loans HFI, when a loan is placed on nonaccrual status, all interest accrued but uncollected is reversed against interest income in the period in which the status is changed, and the Company makes a loan-level decision to apply either the cash basis or cost recovery method. The Company may recognize income on a cash basis when a payment is received on a nonaccrual loan provided the collection of the remaining recorded investment in the loan is deemed to be fully collectible. Under the cost recovery method, subsequent payments received from the customer are applied to principal and generally no further interest income is recognized until the loan principal has been paid in full or until circumstances have changed such that payments are again consistently received as contractually required. Loans are returned to accrual status when all of the principal and interest amounts contractually due are brought current and future payments are reasonably assured.
Modifications of Loans to Borrowers Experiencing Financial Difficulty
The Company may agree to modify the terms of a loan to a borrower experiencing financial difficulty. Loans graded Substandard or worse are often characterized by inadequate paying capacity of the borrower and therefore, modifications of these loans are considered to be made to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty. The loan terms that may be modified or restructured due to a borrower’s financial situation include principal forgiveness, an interest rate reduction, an other than-insignificant payment delay, a term extension, or a combination of these terms.
Troubled Debt Restructured Loans
Prior to the adoption of ASU 2022-02, Financial Instruments—Credit Losses (Topic 326), if the Company, for reasons related to a borrower’s financial difficulties, granted a concession to the borrower the Company would not otherwise consider, the modified loan was considered a TDR loan. In order to determine whether a borrower was experiencing financial difficulty, an evaluation was performed to assess the probability the borrower would be in payment default on any of its debt in the foreseeable future without the modification. The evaluation was performed in accordance with the Company's internal underwriting policy. The loan terms that were modified or restructured due to a borrower’s financial situation included, but were not limited to, a reduction in the stated interest rate, an extension of the maturity or renewal of the loan at an interest rate below current market, a reduction in the face amount of the debt, a reduction in the accrued interest, or deferral of interest payments. A TDR loan was returned to accrual status when the loan was brought current, was performing in accordance with the contractual restructured terms for a reasonable period of time (generally six months), and the ultimate collectability of the total contractual restructured principal and interest was no longer in doubt. Consistent with regulatory guidance, a TDR loan subsequently modified in another restructuring agreement but had shown sustained performance and classification as a TDR, was removed from TDR status provided the modified terms were market-based at the time of modification.
Credit quality indicators
Loans are regularly reviewed to assess credit quality indicators and to determine appropriate loan classification and grading in accordance with applicable bank regulations. The Company’s risk rating methodology assigns risk ratings ranging from 1 to 9, where a higher rating represents higher risk. The Company differentiates its loan segments based on shared risk characteristics for which expected credit losses are measured on a pool basis.
The nine risk rating categories can generally be described by the following groupings for loans:
"Pass" (grades 1 through 5): The Company has five pass risk ratings, which represent a level of credit quality that ranges from having no well-defined deficiency or weakness to some noted weakness; however, the risk of default on any loan classified as pass is expected to be remote. The five pass risk ratings are described below:
Minimal risk. Consist of loans that are fully secured either with cash held in a deposit account at the Bank or by readily marketable securities with an acceptable margin based on the type of security pledged.
Low risk. Consist of loans with a high investment grade rating equivalent.
Modest risk. Consist of loans where the credit facility greatly exceeds all policy requirements or with policy exceptions that are appropriately mitigated. A secondary source of repayment is verified and considered sustainable. Collateral coverage on these loans is sufficient to fully cover the debt as a tertiary source of repayment. Debt of the borrower is low relative to borrower’s financial strength and ability to pay.
Average risk. Consist of loans where the credit facility meets or exceeds all policy requirements or with policy exceptions that are appropriately mitigated. A secondary source of repayment is available to service the debt. Collateral coverage is more than adequate to cover the debt. The borrower exhibits acceptable cash flow and moderate leverage.
Acceptable risk. Consist of loans with an acceptable primary source of repayment but a less than preferable secondary source of repayment. Cash flow is adequate to service debt but there is minimal excess cash flow. Leverage is moderate or high.
"Special mention" (grade 6): These are generally assets that possess potential weaknesses that warrant management's close attention. These loans may involve borrowers with adverse financial trends, higher debt-to-equity ratios, or weaker liquidity positions, but not to the degree of being considered a “problem loan” where risk of loss may be apparent. Loans in this category are usually performing as agreed, although there may be non-compliance with financial covenants.
"Substandard" (grade 7): These assets are characterized by well-defined credit weaknesses and carry the distinct possibility the Company will sustain some loss if such weakness or deficiency is not corrected. All loans 90 days or more past due and all loans on nonaccrual status are considered at least "Substandard," unless extraordinary circumstances would suggest otherwise.
"Doubtful" (grade 8): These assets have all the weaknesses inherent in those classified as "Substandard" with the added characteristic that the weaknesses present make collection or liquidation in full, on the basis of currently existing facts, conditions and values, highly questionable and improbable, but because of certain known factors that may work to the advantage and strengthening of the asset (for example, capital injection, perfecting liens on additional collateral and refinancing plans), classification as an estimated loss is deferred until a more precise status may be determined. Due to the high probability of loss, loans classified as "Doubtful" are placed on nonaccrual status.
"Loss" (grade 9): These assets are considered uncollectible and having such little recoverable value, it is not practical to defer writing off the asset. This classification does not mean the loan has absolutely no recovery or salvage value, but rather it is not practicable or desirable to defer writing off the asset, even though partial recovery may be achieved in the future.
Allowance for credit losses on loans HFI
Credit risk is inherent in the business of extending loans and leases to borrowers and is continuously monitored by management and reflected within the ACL. The ACL is an estimate of life-of-loan losses for the Company's loans HFI. The ACL is a valuation account that is deducted from the amortized cost basis of a loan to present the net amount expected to be collected on the loan. The estimate of expected credit losses excludes accrued interest receivable on these loans, except for accrued interest related to the Residential-EBO loan pool. Accrued interest receivable, net of an ACL on the Residential-EBO loan pool, is included in Other assets on the Consolidated Balance Sheet. The ACL on loans HFI includes an estimate of future net charge-offs as well as an offset for expected recoveries of amounts previously charged-off. The Company formally re-evaluates and establishes the appropriate level of the ACL on a quarterly basis.
Determining the appropriateness of the allowance is complex and requires judgment by management about the effects of matters that are inherently uncertain. In future periods, evaluations of the overall loan portfolio or particular segments of the loan portfolio, in light of the factors and forecasts then prevailing, may result in significant changes in the ACL and credit loss expense in those future periods. The allowance level is influenced by loan volumes and mix, average remaining maturities, loan performance metrics, asset quality characteristics, delinquency status, historical credit loss experience, and other conditions influencing loss expectations, such as reasonable and supportable forecasts of economic conditions. The methodology for estimating the amount of expected credit losses reported in the ACL has two basic components: first, an asset-specific component involving individual loans that do not share similar risk characteristics with other loans and the measurement of expected credit losses for such individual loans and second, a pooled component for estimated expected credit losses for loans that share similar risk characteristics.
Loans that do not share risk characteristics with other loans
Loans that do not share risk characteristics with other loans are evaluated on an individual basis. Loans evaluated individually are not included in the collective evaluation. These loans consist of loans with unique features or loans that no longer share risk characteristics with other pooled loans. The process for determining whether a loan should be evaluated on an individual basis begins with a determination of credit rating. With the exception of residential loans, all accruing loans graded substandard or worse with a total commitment of $1.0 million or more are evaluated on an individual basis. For these loans, the allowance is based primarily on the fair value of the underlying collateral, utilizing independent third-party appraisals, and assessment of borrower guarantees.
Loans that share similar risk characteristics with other loans
In estimating the component of the ACL for loans that share similar risk characteristics, loans are segregated into loan segments with shared risk characteristics. The Company's primary portfolio segments align with the methodology applied in estimating the ACL under CECL. Loans are designated and pooled into loan segments based on product types, business lines, and other risk characteristics.
In determining the ACL, the Company derives an estimate of expected credit losses primarily using an expected loss methodology that incorporates risk parameters (PD, LGD, and EAD), which are derived from various vendor models, internally-developed statistical models, or non-statistical estimation approaches. Probability of default is projected in these models or estimation approaches using a single economic scenario and were developed to incorporate relevant information about past events, current conditions, and reasonable and supportable forecasts. With the exception of the Company's residential loan segment, the Company's PD models define default as loans that are 90 days past due, on nonaccrual status, have a charge-off, or obligor bankruptcy. Input reversion is used for all loan segment models, except for the commercial and industrial and CRE, owner-occupied loan segments. Output reversion is used for the commercial and industrial and CRE, owner-occupied loan segments by incorporating, after the forecast period, a one-year linear reversion to the long-term reversion rate in year three through the remaining life of the loans within the respective segments. LGDs are typically derived from the Company's historical loss experience. However, for the warehouse lending and municipal and nonprofit loan segments, where the Company has either zero (or near zero) losses, or has a limited loss history through the last economic downturn, certain non-modeled methodologies are employed to estimate LGD. Factors utilized in calculating average LGD vary for each loan segment and are further described below. EAD refers to the Company's exposure to loss at the time of borrower default. For revolving lines of credit, the Company incorporates an expectation of increased line utilization for a higher EAD on defaulted loans based on historical experience. For term loans, EAD is calculated using an amortization schedule based on contractual loan terms, adjusted for a prepayment rate assumption. Prepayment trends are sensitive to interest rates and the macroeconomic environment. Fixed rate loans are more influenced by interest rates, whereas variable rate loans are more influenced by the macroeconomic environment. After the quantitative expected loss estimates are calculated, management then adjusts these estimates to incorporate consideration of different probability weighted economic scenarios, current trends and conditions not captured in the quantitative loss estimates, through the use of qualitative and/or environmental factors.
The following provides credit quality indicators and risk elements most relevant in monitoring and measuring the ACL on loans for each of the loan portfolio segments identified:
Warehouse lending
The warehouse lending portfolio segment consists of mortgage warehouse lines, MSR financing facilities, and note finance loans, which have a monitored borrowing base to mortgage companies and similar lenders and are primarily structured as commercial and industrial loans. The collateral for these loans is primarily comprised of residential whole loans and MSRs, with the borrowing base of these loans tightly monitored and controlled by the Company. The primary support for these loans takes the form of pledged collateral, with secondary support provided by the capacity of the financial institution. The collateral-driven nature of these loans distinguish them from traditional commercial and industrial loans. These loans are impacted by
interest rate shocks, residential lending rates, prepayment assumptions, and general real estate stress. As a result of the unique loan characteristics, limited historical default and loss experience, and the collateral nature of this loan portfolio segment, the Company uses a non-modeled approach to estimate expected credit losses, leveraging grade information, grade migration history, and management judgment.
Municipal and nonprofit
The municipal and nonprofit portfolio segment consists of loans to local governments, government-operated utilities, special assessment districts, hospitals, schools and other nonprofits. These loans are generally, but not exclusively, entered into for the purpose of financing real estate investment or for refinancing existing debt and are primarily structured as commercial and industrial loans. Loans are supported by taxes or utility fees, and in some cases tax liens on real estate, operating revenue of the institution, or other collateral types. While unemployment rates and the market valuation of residential properties have an effect on the tax revenues supporting these loans, these loans tend to be less cyclical in comparison to similar commercial loans due to reliance on diversified tax bases. The Company uses a non-modeled approach to estimate expected credit losses for this portfolio segment, leveraging grade information and historical municipal default rates.
Tech & innovation
The tech & innovation portfolio segment is comprised of commercial loans originated within this business line and are not collateralized by real estate. The source of repayment of these loans is generally expected to be the income generated from the business or contributions from ownership to sustain the business's growth model. Expected credit losses for this loan segment are estimated using internally-developed models. These models incorporate market level and company-specific factors such as financial statement variables, adjusted for the current stage of the credit cycle and for the Company's loan performance data such as delinquency, utilization, maturity, and size of the loan commitment under specific macroeconomic scenarios to produce a probability of default. Macroeconomic variables include average investment to GDP and treasury yields. LGD and the prepayment rate assumption for EAD are driven by unemployment levels for this loan segment.
Equity fund resources
The equity fund resources portfolio segment is comprised of commercial loans to private equity and venture capital funds. The primary source of repayment of these loans is typically uncalled capital commitments from institutional investors and high net worth individuals. The Company uses a non-modeled approach to estimate expected credit losses for this portfolio segment, leveraging loan grade information.
Other commercial and industrial
The other commercial and industrial segment is comprised primarily of commercial and industrial loans to middle market companies and large corporations that are not collateralized by real estate. The models used to estimate expected credit losses for middle market companies are the same as those used for the tech & innovation portfolio segment, whereas a vendor model is used to estimate expected credit losses for loans to large corporations.
Commercial real estate, owner-occupied
The CRE, owner-occupied portfolio segment is comprised of commercial loans collateralized by real estate, where the borrower has a business that occupies the property. These loans are typically entered into for the purpose of providing real estate finance or improvement. The primary source of repayment of these loans is the income generated by the business and where rental or sale of the property may provide secondary support for the loan. These loans are sensitive to general economic conditions as well as the market valuation of CRE properties. The PD estimate for this loan segment is modeled using the same model as the commercial and industrial loan segment. LGD for this loan segment is driven by property appreciation and the prepayment rate assumption for EAD is driven by unemployment levels.
Hotel franchise finance
The hotel franchise finance segment is comprised of loans originated within this business line and are collateralized by real estate, where the owner is not the primary tenant. These loans are typically entered into for the purpose of financing or the improvement of commercial investment properties. The primary source of repayment of these loans are the rents paid by tenants and where the sale of the property may provide secondary support for the loan. These loans are sensitive to the market valuation of CRE properties, rental rates, and general economic conditions. The vendor model used to estimate expected credit losses for this loan segment projects PD and EAD based on multiple macroeconomic scenarios by modeling how macroeconomic conditions affect the commercial real estate market. Real estate market factors utilized in this model include vacancy rate, rental growth rate, net operating income growth rate, and commercial property price changes for each specific property type. The model then incorporates loan and property-level characteristics including debt coverage, leverage, collateral size, seasoning,
and property type. LGD for this loan segment is derived from a non-modeled approach that is driven by property appreciation and the prepayment rate assumption for EAD is driven by the property appreciation for fixed rate loans and unemployment levels for variable rate loans.
Other commercial real estate, non-owner occupied
The other commercial real estate, non-owner occupied segment is comprised of loans collateralized by real estate where the owner is not the primary tenant, but are not originated within the Company's specialty business lines. The model used to estimate expected credit losses for this loan segment is the same as the model used for the hotel franchise finance portfolio segment.
Residential
The residential loan portfolio segment is comprised of loans collateralized primarily by first liens on 1-4 residential family properties and home equity lines of credit collateralized by either first liens or junior liens on residential properties. The primary source of repayment of these loans is the value of the property and the capacity of the owner to make payments on the loan. Unemployment rates and the market valuation of residential properties will impact the ultimate repayment of these loans. The residential mortgage loan model is a vendor model that projects PD, LGD severity, prepayment rate, and EAD to calculate expected losses. The model is intended to capture the borrower's payment behavior during the lifetime of the residential loan by incorporating loan level characteristics such as loan type, coupon, age, loan-to-value, and credit score and economic conditions such as Home Price Index, interest rate, and unemployment rate. A default event for residential loans is defined as 60 days or more past due, with property appreciation as the driver for LGD results. The prepayment rate assumption for EAD for residential loans is based on industry prepayment history.
PD for HELOCs is derived from an internally-developed model that incorporates loan level information such as delinquency status, loan term, and FICO score and macroeconomic conditions such as property appreciation. LGD for this loan segment is driven by property appreciation and lien position. EAD for HELOCs is calculated based on utilization rate assumptions using a non-modeled approach and also incorporates management judgment.
Residential - EBO
The residential EBO loan portfolio segment is comprised of government guaranteed or insured loans collateralized primarily by first liens on 1-4 residential family properties purchased from GNMA pools, which were at least three months delinquent at the time of purchase. These loans differ from the residential loans included in the Company's Residential loan portfolio segment as the principal balance of these loans are government guaranteed or insured. The Company has not recognized an ACL on this portfolio segment as management's expectation of nonpayment of the amortized cost basis, based on historical losses, adjusted for current and forecasted conditions, is zero.
The estimate of expected credit losses related to accrued interest and other fees for the Residential-EBO loan pool is based on an expected loss methodology that incorporates risk parameters, PD and LGD, which are derived from an internally-developed statistical model. PD is derived from delinquency transition rates based on historical data and LGD is derived from historical losses.
Construction and land development
The construction and land portfolio segment is comprised of loans collateralized by land or real estate, which are entered into for the purpose of real estate development. The primary source of repayment of these loans is the eventual sale or refinance of the completed project and where claims on the property provide secondary support for the loan. These loans are impacted by the market valuation of CRE and residential properties and general economic conditions that have a higher sensitivity to real estate markets compared to other real estate loans. Default risk of a property is driven by loan-specific drivers, including loan-to-value, maturity, origination date, and the MSA in which the property is located, among other factors. The variables used in the internally-developed model include loan level drivers such as origination loan-to-value, loan maturity, and macroeconomic drivers such as property appreciation, MSA level unemployment rate, and national GDP growth. LGD for this loan segment is driven by property appreciation. The prepayment rate assumption for EAD is driven by the property appreciation for fixed rate loans and unemployment levels for variable rate loans.
Other
The other portfolio consists of loans not already captured in one of the aforementioned loan portfolio segments, which include, but may not be limited to, overdraft lines for treasury services, credit cards, consumer loans not collateralized by real estate, and small business loans collateralized by residential real estate. The consumer and small business loans are supported by the capacity of the borrower and the valuation of any collateral. General economic factors such as unemployment will have an
effect on these loans. The Company uses a non-modeled approach to estimate expected credit losses, leveraging average historical default rates. LGD for this loan segment is driven by unemployment levels and lien position. The prepayment rate assumption for EAD is driven by the BBB corporate spread for fixed rate loans and unemployment levels for variable rate loans.
Transfers of financial assets
A transfer of a financial asset is accounted for as a sale when control over the asset has been surrendered. Control over a transferred asset is deemed surrendered when the: 1) asset has been isolated from the Company; 2) transferee obtains the right to pledge or exchange the transferred asset; and 3) Company no longer maintains effective control over the transferred asset through an agreement to repurchase the transferred asset before maturity. If a transfer of a financial asset does not qualify as a sale, the proceeds from the transfer are accounted for as a secured borrowing.
Premises and equipment
Premises and equipment amounts are stated at cost less accumulated depreciation and amortization. Depreciation is computed principally using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the assets. Leasehold improvements are amortized over the term of the lease or the estimated life of the improvement, whichever is shorter. Depreciation and amortization are computed using the following estimated lives: 
 Years
Bank premises
31
Furniture, fixtures, and equipment
3 - 10
Leasehold improvements
3 - 10
Software
1 - 8
Management periodically reviews premises and equipment in order to determine whether facts and circumstances suggest the value of an asset is not recoverable.
Off-balance sheet credit exposures, including unfunded loan commitments
The Company maintains a separate ACL on off-balance-sheet credit exposures, including unfunded loan commitments, financial guarantees, and letters of credit, which is classified in Other liabilities on the Consolidated Balance Sheet. The ACL on off-balance sheet credit exposures is adjusted through increases or decreases to the provision for credit loss expense. The estimate includes consideration of the likelihood that funding will occur, an estimate of EAD derived from utilization rate assumptions using a non-modeled approach, and PD and LGD estimates derived from the same models and approaches for the Company's other loan portfolio segments described in the ACL on loans HFI section within this note. The Company does not record a credit loss estimate for off-balance sheet credit exposures that are unconditionally cancellable by the Company or for undrawn amounts under such arrangements that may be drawn prior to the cancellation of the arrangement.
Mortgage servicing rights
The Company generates MSRs from its mortgage banking business. When the Company sells mortgage loans in the secondary market and retains the right to service these loans, a servicing right asset is capitalized at the time of sale when the benefits of servicing are deemed to be greater than adequate compensation for performing the servicing activities. MSRs represent the then-current fair value of future net cash flows expected to be realized from performing servicing activities. The Company has elected to subsequently measure MSRs at fair value and report changes in fair value in current period income as a component of Net loan servicing revenue in the Consolidated Income Statement.
The Company may in the ordinary course of business sell MSRs and will recognize, as of the trade date, a gain or loss on the sale equal to the difference between the carrying value of the transferred MSRs and the estimated proceeds to be received as consideration. The Company subsequently derecognizes MSRs when substantially all of the risks and rewards of ownership are irrevocably passed to the transferee and any protection provisions retained by the Company are minor and can be reasonably estimated, which typically occurs on the settlement date. Protection provisions are considered to be minor if the obligation created by such provisions is estimated to be no more than 10 percent of the sales price and the Company retains the risk of prepayment for no more than 120 days. The Company records an estimated liability for retained protection provisions as of the trade date, with any changes in the estimated liability recorded in earnings. In addition, fees to transfer loans associated with the sold MSRs to a new servicer are also recorded on the settlement date. Gains or losses on sales of MSRs, net of retained protection provisions, and transfer fees are included in Net loan servicing revenue in the Consolidated Income Statement.
Leases (lessee)
At inception, contracts are evaluated to determine whether the contract constitutes a lease agreement. For contracts that are determined to be an operating lease, a corresponding ROU asset and operating lease liability are recorded in separate line items on the Consolidated Balance Sheet. A ROU asset represents the Company’s right to use an underlying asset during the lease term and a lease liability represents the Company’s commitment to make contractually obligated lease payments. Operating lease ROU assets and liabilities are recognized at the commencement date of the lease and are based on the present value of lease payments over the lease term. The measurement of the operating lease ROU asset includes any lease payments made and is reduced by lease incentives that are paid or are payable to the Company. Variable lease payments that depend on an index or rate such as the Consumer Price Index are included in lease payments based on the rate in effect at the commencement date of the lease. Lease payments are recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term as Occupancy expense in the Consolidated Income Statements.
As the rate implicit in the lease is not readily determinable, the Company's incremental collateralized borrowing rate is used to determine the present value of lease payments. This rate gives consideration to the applicable FHLB collateralized borrowing rates and is based on the information available at the commencement date. The Company has elected to apply the short-term lease measurement and recognition exemption to leases with an initial term of 12 months or less; therefore, these leases are not recorded on the Company’s Consolidated Balance Sheet, but rather, lease expense is recognized over the lease term on a straight-line basis. The Company’s lease agreements may include options to extend or terminate the lease. These options are included in the lease term when it is reasonably certain the options will be exercised.
The Company also made an accounting policy election to not separate non-lease components from the associated lease component, and instead account for them together as part of the applicable lease component. The majority of the Company’s non-lease components such as common area maintenance, parking, and taxes are variable, and are expensed as incurred. Variable payment amounts are determined in arrears by the landlord depending on actual costs incurred.
Goodwill and other intangible assets
The Company records as goodwill the excess of the purchase price in a business combination over the fair value of the identifiable net assets acquired in accordance with applicable guidance. The Company performs its annual goodwill and intangibles impairment tests as of October 1 each year, or more often if events or circumstances indicate the carrying value may not be recoverable. The Company may first elect to assess, through qualitative factors, whether it is more likely than not goodwill is impaired. If the qualitative assessment indicates potential impairment, a quantitative impairment test is performed. If, based on the quantitative test, a reporting unit's carrying amount exceeds its fair value, a goodwill impairment charge for this difference is recorded to current period earnings as non-interest expense.
The Company’s intangible assets consist of correspondent relationships, operating licenses, tradenames, core deposit intangibles, customer relationships, and developed technology assets that are being amortized over periods of five to 40 years. See "Note 25. Mergers, Acquisitions and Dispositions" of these Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for discussion of the intangible assets acquired in the DST acquisition.
The Company considers the remaining useful lives of its intangible assets each reporting period, as required by ASC 350, Intangibles—Goodwill and Other, to determine whether events and circumstances warrant a revision to the remaining period of amortization. If the estimate of an intangible asset’s remaining useful life has changed, the remaining carrying amount of the intangible asset is amortized prospectively over the revised remaining useful life. The Company has not revised its estimates of the useful lives of its intangible assets during the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022, or 2021.
Low income housing and renewable energy tax credits
The Company holds ownership interests in limited partnerships and limited liability companies that invest in affordable housing and renewable energy projects. These investments are designed to generate a return primarily through the realization of federal tax credits and deductions, which may be subject to recapture by taxing authorities if compliance requirements are not met. The Company accounts for its low income housing investments using the proportional amortization method. Renewable energy projects are accounted for under the deferral method, whereby the investment tax credits are reflected as an immediate reduction in income taxes payable and the carrying value of the asset in the period that the investment tax credits are claimed. See "Note 16. Income Taxes" of these Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for further discussion.
The Company evaluates its interests in these entities to determine whether it has a variable interest and whether it is required to consolidate these entities. A variable interest is an investment or other interest that will absorb portions of an entity's expected losses or receive portions of the entity's expected residual returns. If the Company determines it has a variable interest in an entity, it evaluates whether such interest is in a VIE. A VIE is broadly defined as an entity where either: 1) the equity investors
as a group, if any, lack the power through voting or similar rights to direct the activities of an entity that most significantly impact the entity's economic performance or 2) the equity investment at risk is insufficient to finance that entity's activities without additional subordinated financial support. The Company is required to consolidate any VIE when it is determined to be the primary beneficiary of the VIE's operations.
A variable interest holder is considered to be the primary beneficiary of a VIE if it has both the power to direct the activities of a VIE that most significantly impact the entity's economic performance and has the obligation to absorb losses of, or the right to receive benefits from, the entity that could potentially be significant to the VIE. The Company’s assessment of whether it is the primary beneficiary of a VIE includes consideration of various factors such as: 1) the Company's ability to direct the activities that most significantly impact the entity's economic performance; 2) its form of ownership interest; 3) its representation on the entity's governing body; 4) the size and seniority of its investment; and 5) its ability and the rights of other investors to participate in policy making decisions and to replace the manager of and/or liquidate the entity. The Company is required to evaluate whether to consolidate a VIE both at inception and on an ongoing basis as changes in circumstances require reconsideration.
The Company’s investments in qualified affordable housing and renewable energy projects meet the definition of a VIE as the entities are structured such that the limited partner investors lack substantive voting rights. The general partner or managing member has both the power to direct the activities that most significantly impact the economic performance of the entities and the obligation to absorb losses or the right to receive benefits that could be significant to the entities. Accordingly, as a limited partner, the Company is not the primary beneficiary and is not required to consolidate these entities.
Bank owned life insurance
BOLI is carried at its cash surrender value with changes recorded in other non-interest income in the Consolidated Income Statement. The face amount of the underlying life insurance policies was $452 million and $456 million as of December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. There are no loans offset against cash surrender values, and there are no restrictions as to the use of proceeds.
Credit linked notes
Credit linked notes are structured to effectively transfer the risk of first losses on a reference pool of loans and are considered to be free standing credit enhancements. These notes are recorded at the amount of the proceeds received, net of debt issuance costs. In addition, as the credit guarantee component of these notes is considered to be free standing, the ACL measured on the reference pool of loans in accordance with ASC 326 is not reduced by the credit guarantee. Rather, a contra debt balance equal to the estimated ACL on the reference pool of loans is recorded, which reduces the carrying value of the notes. The initial contra debt balance and subsequent adjustments are recorded with a corresponding gain or loss on recovery from credit guarantees recognized in earnings.
Stock compensation plans
The Company has an incentive plan that gives the BOD the authority to grant stock awards, consisting of unrestricted stock, stock units, dividend equivalent rights, stock options (incentive and non-qualified), stock appreciation rights, restricted stock, and performance and annual incentive awards. Compensation expense on non-vested restricted stock awards is based on the fair value of the award on the measurement date which, for the Company, is the date of the grant and is recognized ratably over the service period of the award. Forfeitures are estimated at the time of the award grant and revised in subsequent periods if actual forfeitures differ from those estimates. The fair value of non-vested restricted stock awards is the market price of the Company’s stock on the date of grant.
The Company's performance stock units have a cumulative EPS target and a TSR performance measure component. The TSR component is a market-based performance condition that is separately valued as of the date of the grant. A Monte Carlo valuation model is used to determine the fair value of the TSR performance metric, which simulates potential TSR outcomes over the performance period and determines the payouts that would occur in each scenario. The resulting fair value of the TSR component is based on the average of these results. Compensation expense related to the TSR component is based on the fair value determination on the date of the grant and is not subsequently revised based on actual performance. Compensation expense related to the EPS component for these awards is based on the fair value (market price of the Company's stock on the date of the grant) of the award. Compensation expense related to both the TSR and EPS components is recognized ratably over the service period of the award.
See "Note 12. Stockholders' Equity" of these Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for further discussion of stock awards.
Dividends
WAL is a legal entity separate and distinct from its subsidiaries. As a holding company with limited significant assets other than the capital stock of its subsidiaries, WAL's ability to pay dividends depends primarily upon the receipt of dividends or other capital distributions from its subsidiaries. The Company's subsidiaries' ability to pay dividends to WAL is subject to, among other things, their individual earnings, financial condition, and need for funds, as well as federal and state governmental policies and regulations applicable to WAL and each of those subsidiaries, which limit the amount that may be paid as dividends without prior approval. In addition, the terms and conditions of other securities the Company issues may restrict its ability to pay dividends to holders of the Company's common stock. For example, if any required payments on outstanding trust preferred securities are not made, WAL would be prohibited from paying cash dividends on its common stock.
Preferred stock
On September 22, 2021, the Company issued an aggregate of 12,000,000 depositary shares, each representing a 1/400th ownership interest in a share of the Company’s 4.250% Fixed-Rate Reset Non-Cumulative Perpetual Preferred Shares, Series A, par value $0.0001 per share, with a liquidation preference of $25 per Depositary Share (equivalent to $10,000 per share of Series A preferred stock). The Company's Series A preferred stock is perpetual preferred stock that is not subject to any mandatory redemption, resulting in classification as permanent equity. Dividends on preferred stock are recognized on the declaration date and are recorded as a reduction of retained earnings.
Treasury shares
The Company separately presents treasury shares, which represent shares surrendered to the Company equal in value to the statutory payroll tax withholding obligations arising from the vesting of employee restricted stock awards. Treasury shares are carried at cost.
Sales of common stock under ATM program
The Company has a distribution agency agreement with J.P. Morgan Securities LLC and Piper Sandler & Co., under which the Company may sell shares of its common stock on the NYSE. The Company pays the distribution agents a mutually agreed rate, not to exceed 2% of the gross offering proceeds of the shares sold pursuant to the distribution agency agreement. The common stock is sold at prevailing market prices at the time of the sale or at negotiated prices and, as a result, prices will vary. See "Note 12. Stockholders' Equity" of these Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for further discussion of this program.
Derivative financial instruments
Derivative instruments are contracts between two or more parties that have a notional amount and an underlying variable, require a small or no initial investment, and allow for the net settlement of positions. A derivative’s notional amount serves as the basis for the payment provision of the contract and takes the form of units, such as shares or dollars. A derivative’s underlying variable is a specified interest rate, security price, commodity price, foreign exchange rate, index, or other variable. The interaction between the notional amount and the underlying variable determines the number of units to be exchanged between the parties and influences the fair value of the derivative contract.
The Company recognizes derivatives as assets or liabilities on the Consolidated Balance Sheet at their fair value in accordance with ASC 815, Derivatives and Hedging. The accounting for changes in the fair value of a derivative instrument depends on whether it has been designated and qualifies as part of a hedging relationship and further, on the type of hedging relationship. Derivative instruments designated in a hedge relationship to mitigate exposure to changes in the fair value of an asset or liability attributable to a particular risk, such as interest rate risk, are considered fair value hedges.
The Company documents its hedge relationships, including identification of the hedging instruments and the hedged items, as well as its risk management objectives and strategies for undertaking the hedge transaction after the derivative contract is executed. At inception, the Company performs a quantitative assessment to determine whether the derivatives used in hedging transactions are highly effective (as defined in the guidance) in offsetting changes in the fair value of the hedged item. Retroactive effectiveness is assessed, as well as the continued expectation the hedge will remain effective prospectively. After the initial quantitative assessment is performed, on a quarterly basis, the Company performs a qualitative hedge effectiveness assessment. This assessment takes into consideration any adverse developments related to the counterparty's risk of default and any negative events or circumstances that affect the factors that originally enabled the Company to assess that it could reasonably support, qualitatively, an expectation the hedging relationship was and will continue to be highly effective. The Company discontinues hedge accounting prospectively when it is determined a hedge is no longer highly effective. When hedge accounting is discontinued on a fair value hedge that no longer qualifies as an effective hedge, the derivative instrument continues to be reported at fair value on the Consolidated Balance Sheet, but the carrying amount of the hedged item is no
longer adjusted for future changes in fair value. The adjustment to the carrying amount of the hedged item that existed at the date hedge accounting is discontinued is amortized over the remaining life of the hedged item into earnings.
The Company uses interest rate contracts to mitigate interest-rate risk associated with changes to the fair value of certain fixed-rate financial instruments (fair value hedges). Changes in the fair value of a derivative that is designated and qualifies as a fair value hedge, along with changes in the fair value of the hedged asset or liability attributable to the hedged risk, are recorded in the same line item as the offsetting loss or gain on the related interest rate contracts during the period of change. For loans, the gain or loss on the hedged item is included in interest income and for subordinated debt, the gain or loss on the hedged items was included in interest expense.
Derivative instruments not designated as hedges, so called free-standing derivatives, are reported on the Consolidated Balance Sheet at fair value and the changes in fair value are recognized in earnings as non-interest income during the period of change. The Company enters into commitments to purchase mortgage loans that will be held for sale. These loan commitments, described as IRLCs, qualify as derivative instruments, except those that are originated rather than purchased, and intended for HFI classification. Changes in fair value associated with changes in interest rates are economically hedged by utilizing forward sale commitments, interest rate futures, and interest rate swaps. These hedging instruments are typically entered into contemporaneously with IRLCs. Loans that have been or will be purchased or originated may be used to satisfy the Company's forward sale commitments. In addition, derivative financial instruments are also used to economically hedge the Company's MSR portfolio. Changes in the fair value of derivative financial instruments that hedge IRLCs and loans HFS are included in Net gain on loan origination and sale activities in the Consolidated Income Statement. Changes in the fair value of derivative financial instruments that hedge MSRs are included in Net loan servicing revenue in the Consolidated Income Statement.
The Company may in the normal course of business purchase a financial instrument or originate a loan that contains an embedded derivative instrument. Upon purchasing the instrument or originating the loan, the Company assesses whether the economic characteristics of the embedded derivative are clearly and closely related to the economic characteristics of the remaining component of the financial instrument (i.e., the host contract) and whether a separate instrument with the same terms as the embedded instrument would meet the definition of a derivative instrument. When it is determined the embedded derivative possesses economic characteristics that are not clearly and closely related to the economic characteristics of the host contract and a separate instrument with the same terms would qualify as a derivative instrument, the embedded derivative is separated from the host contract and carried at fair value. However, in cases where the host contract is measured at fair value, with changes in fair value reported in current earnings, or the Company is unable to reliably identify and measure an embedded derivative for separation from its host contract, the entire contract is carried on the Consolidated Balance Sheet at fair value and is not designated as a hedging instrument.
Off-balance sheet instruments
In the ordinary course of business, the Company enters into off-balance sheet financial instrument arrangements consisting of commitments to extend credit and letters of credit. Such financial instruments are recorded in the Consolidated Balance Sheets when funded. These off-balance sheet financial instruments impact, to varying degrees, elements of credit risk in excess of amounts recognized on the Consolidated Balance Sheet. Losses could be experienced when the Company is contractually obligated to make a payment under these instruments and must seek repayment from the borrower, which may not be as financially sound in the current period as they were when the commitment was originally made. Commitments to extend credit are agreements to lend to a customer as long as there is no violation of any condition established in the contract and, in certain instances, may be unconditionally cancellable. Commitments generally have fixed expiration dates or other termination clauses and may require payment of a fee. The Company enters into credit arrangements that generally provide for the termination of advances in the event of a covenant violation or other event of default. Since many of the commitments are expected to expire without being drawn upon, the total commitment amounts do not necessarily represent future cash requirements. The Company evaluates each customer’s creditworthiness on a case-by-case basis. The amount of collateral obtained, if deemed necessary by the Company upon extension of credit, is based on management’s credit evaluation of the party. The commitments are collateralized by the same types of assets used as loan collateral.
The Company also has off-balance sheet arrangements related to its derivative instruments. Derivative instruments are recognized in the Consolidated Balance Sheets at fair value and their notional values are carried off-balance sheet. See "Note 14. Derivatives and Hedging Activities" of these Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for further discussion.
Fair values of financial instruments
The Company uses fair value measurements to record fair value adjustments to certain assets and liabilities. ASC 820, Fair Value Measurement, establishes a framework for measuring fair value and a three-level valuation hierarchy for disclosure of fair value measurement, and also sets forth disclosure requirements for fair value measurements. The valuation hierarchy is based upon the transparency of inputs to the valuation of an asset or liability as of the measurement date. The Company uses various valuation approaches, including market, income, and/or cost approaches. ASC 820 establishes a hierarchy for inputs used in measuring fair value that maximizes the use of observable inputs and minimizes the use of unobservable inputs by requiring observable inputs be used when available. Observable inputs are inputs market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability and are developed based on market data obtained from sources independent of the Company. Unobservable inputs are inputs that reflect the Company’s assumptions about the factors market participants would consider in pricing the asset or liability and are developed based on the best information available in the circumstances. The hierarchy is broken down into three levels based on the reliability of inputs, as follows:
Level 1 - Unadjusted quoted prices in active markets that are accessible at the measurement date for identical, unrestricted assets or liabilities.
Level 2 - Inputs other than quoted prices included in Level 1 that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly or indirectly. These might include quoted prices for similar instruments in active markets, quoted prices for identical or similar instruments in markets that are not active, inputs other than quoted prices that are observable for the asset or liability (such as interest rates, prepayment speeds, volatilities, etc.) or model-based valuation techniques where all significant assumptions are observable, either directly or indirectly, in the market.
Level 3 - Valuation is generated from model-based techniques where one or more significant inputs are not observable, either directly or indirectly, in the market. These unobservable assumptions reflect the Company’s own estimates of assumptions market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability. Valuation techniques may include use of matrix pricing, discounted cash flow models, and similar techniques.
The availability of observable inputs varies based on the nature of the specific financial instrument. To the extent valuation is based on models or inputs that are less observable or unobservable in the market, the determination of fair value requires more judgment. Accordingly, the degree of judgment exercised by the Company in determining fair value is greatest for instruments categorized in Level 3. In certain cases, the inputs used to measure fair value may fall into different levels of the fair value hierarchy. For disclosure purposes, the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement determines the level in the fair value hierarchy within which the fair value measurement falls in its entirety.
Fair value is a market-based measure considered from the perspective of a market participant who may purchase the asset or assume the liability, rather than an entity-specific measure. When market assumptions are available, ASC 820 requires the Company consider the assumptions market participants would use to estimate the fair value of the financial instrument at the measurement date.
ASC 825, Financial Instruments, requires disclosure of fair value information about financial instruments, whether or not recognized on the balance sheet, for which it is practicable to estimate value.
Management uses its best judgment in estimating the fair value of the Company’s financial instruments; however, there are inherent limitations in any estimation technique. Therefore, for substantially all financial instruments, the fair value estimates presented herein are not necessarily indicative of the amounts the Company could have realized in a sales transaction at December 31, 2023 and 2022. The estimated fair value amounts for December 31, 2023 and 2022 have been measured as of period-end and have not been re-evaluated or updated for purposes of these Consolidated Financial Statements subsequent to those dates. As such, the estimated fair values of these financial instruments subsequent to the reporting date may be different than the amounts reported at period-end.
The information in "Note 18. Fair Value Accounting" of these Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements should not be interpreted as an estimate of the fair value of the entire Company since a fair value calculation is only required for a limited portion of the Company’s assets and liabilities.
Due to the wide range of valuation techniques and the degree of subjectivity used in making the estimate, comparisons between the Company’s disclosures and those of other companies or banks may not be meaningful.
The following methods and assumptions were used by the Company in estimating the fair value of its financial instruments:
Cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash
The carrying amounts reported on the Consolidated Balance Sheet for cash and due from banks approximate their fair value.
Investment securities
The fair values of U.S. Treasury and certain other debt securities as well as publicly-traded CRA investments and exchange-listed common and preferred stock are based on quoted market prices and are categorized as Level 1 in the fair value hierarchy.
The fair values of debt securities not classified as Level 1 are primarily determined based on matrix pricing. Matrix pricing is a mathematical technique that utilizes observable market inputs including, yield curves, credit ratings, and prepayment speeds. Fair values determined using matrix pricing are generally categorized as Level 2 in the fair value hierarchy. In addition to matrix pricing, the Company uses other pricing sources, including observed prices on publicly traded securities and dealer quotes, to estimate the fair value of debt securities, which are also categorized as Level 2 in the fair value hierarchy.
Loans HFS
Government-insured or guaranteed and agency-conforming loans HFS are salable into active markets. Accordingly, the fair value of these loans is based on quoted market or contracted selling prices or a market price equivalent, which are categorized as Level 2 in the fair value hierarchy.
The fair value of non-agency loans HFS as well as certain loans that become nonsalable into active markets due to the identification of a defect is determined based on valuation techniques that utilize Level 3 inputs.
Loans HFI
The fair value of loans HFI is estimated based on discounted cash flows using interest rates currently being offered for loans with similar terms to borrowers with similar credit quality and adjustments the Company believes a market participant would consider in determining fair value based on a third-party independent valuation. As a result, the fair value for loans HFI is categorized as Level 3 in the fair value hierarchy.
Mortgage servicing rights
The fair value of MSRs is estimated using a discounted cash flow model that incorporates assumptions a market participant would use in estimating the fair value of servicing rights, including, but not limited to, option adjusted spread, conditional prepayment rate, servicing fee rate, and cost to service. As a result, the fair value for MSRs is categorized as Level 3 in the fair value hierarchy.
Accrued interest receivable and payable
The carrying amounts reported on the Consolidated Balance Sheet for accrued interest receivable and payable approximate their fair values.
Derivative financial instruments
All derivatives are recognized on the Consolidated Balance Sheets at fair value. The valuation methodologies used to estimate the fair value of derivative instruments varies by type. Interest rate contracts, foreign currency contracts, and forward purchase and sales contracts are measured based on valuation techniques using Level 2 inputs, such as quoted market price, contracted selling price, or market price equivalent. IRLCs are measured based on valuation techniques that consider loan type, underlying loan amount, maturity date, note rate, loan program, and expected settlement date, with Level 3 inputs for the servicing release premium and pull-through rate. These measurements are adjusted at the loan level to consider the servicing release premium and loan pricing adjustment specific to each loan. The base value is then adjusted for the pull-through rate. The pull-through rate and servicing fee multiple are unobservable inputs based on historical experience.
Deposits
The fair value for demand and savings deposits is by definition equal to the amount payable on demand at the reporting date (that is, their carrying amount), as these deposits do not have a contractual term. The carrying amount for variable rate deposit accounts approximates their fair value. Fair values for fixed rate certificates of deposit are estimated using a discounted cash flow calculation that applies interest rates currently being offered on certificates to a schedule of aggregated expected monthly maturities on these deposits. The fair value measurement of deposit liabilities is categorized as Level 2 in the fair value hierarchy.
FHLB advances and repurchase agreements
The fair values of the Company’s borrowings are estimated using discounted cash flow analyses, based on the market rates for similar types of borrowing arrangements. The carrying value of FHLB advances and repurchase agreements approximate their
fair values due to their short durations and have been categorized as Level 2 in the fair value hierarchy.
Credit linked notes
The fair value of credit linked notes is based on observable inputs, when available, and as such credit linked notes are categorized as Level 2 liabilities.
Subordinated debt
The fair value of subordinated debt is based on the market rate for the respective subordinated debt security. Subordinated debt has been categorized as Level 2 in the fair value hierarchy.
Junior subordinated debt
Junior subordinated debt is valued based on a discounted cash flow model which uses the Treasury Bond rates and the 'BB' and 'BBB' rated financial indexes as inputs. Junior subordinated debt has been categorized as Level 3 in the fair value hierarchy.
Income taxes
The Company is subject to income taxes in the United States and files a consolidated federal income tax return with all of its subsidiaries, with the exception of BW Real Estate, Inc. Deferred income taxes are recorded to reflect the effects of temporary differences between the financial reporting carrying amounts of assets and liabilities and their income tax bases using enacted tax rates expected to be in effect when the taxes are actually paid or recovered. As changes in tax laws or rates are enacted, deferred tax assets and liabilities are adjusted through the provision for income taxes.
Net DTAs are recorded to the extent these assets will more-likely-than-not be realized. In making these determinations, all available positive and negative evidence is considered, including scheduled reversals of deferred tax liabilities, tax planning strategies, projected future taxable income, and recent operating results. If it is determined that deferred income tax assets to be realized in the future are in excess of their net recorded amount, an adjustment to the valuation allowance will be recorded, which will reduce the Company's provision for income taxes.
A tax benefit from an unrecognized tax benefit may be recognized when it is more-likely-than-not the position will be sustained upon examination, including related appeals or litigation, based on technical merits. Income tax benefits must meet a more-likely-than-not recognition threshold at the effective date to be recognized.
Interest and penalties on income taxes are recognized as part of interest income or expense and non-interest expense, respectively, in the Consolidated Income Statement. See "Note 16. Income Taxes" of these Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for further discussion on income taxes.
Non-interest income
Non-interest income includes revenue associated with mortgage banking and commercial banking activities, investment securities, equity investments, and BOLI. These non-interest income streams are primarily generated by different types of financial instruments held by the Company for which there is specific accounting guidance and therefore, are not within the scope of ASC 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers.
Non-interest income amounts within the scope of ASC 606 include service charges and fees, success fees related to equity investments, debit and credit card interchange fees, and legal settlement services fees. Service charges and fees consist of fees earned from performance of account analysis, general account services, and other deposit account services. These fees are recognized as the related services are provided. Success fees are one-time fees detailed as part of certain loan agreements and are earned immediately upon occurrence of a triggering event. Card income includes fees earned from customer use of debit and credit cards, interchange income from merchants, and international charges. Card income is generally within the scope of ASC 310, Receivables; however, certain processing transactions for merchants, such as interchange fees, are within the scope of ASC 606. The Company generally receives payment for its services during the period or at the time services are provided and, therefore, does not have material contract asset or liability balances at period end. Legal settlement service fees relate to payment services provided for the distribution of funds from legal settlements and are recognized upon transfer of funds to a claimant. See "Note 24. Revenue from Contracts with Customers" of these Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for further details related to the nature and timing of revenue recognition for non-interest income revenue streams within the scope of this standard.
v3.24.0.1
Investment Securities
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2023
Investments, Debt and Equity Securities [Abstract]  
Investment Securities
2. INVESTMENT SECURITIES
The carrying amounts and fair values of investment securities at December 31, 2023 and 2022 are summarized as follows: 
December 31, 2023
Amortized CostGross Unrealized GainsGross Unrealized (Losses)Fair Value
(in millions)
Held-to-maturity
Tax-exempt$1,243 $1 $(140)$1,104 
Private label residential MBS186  (39)147 
Total HTM securities$1,429 $1 $(179)$1,251 
Available-for-sale debt securities
U.S. Treasury securities$4,853 $1 $(1)$4,853 
Residential MBS issued by GSEs2,328 3 (359)1,972 
CLO1,407 1 (9)1,399 
Private label residential MBS1,320 1 (204)1,117 
Tax-exempt925  (67)858 
Commercial MBS issued by GSEs531 8 (9)530 
Corporate debt securities411  (44)367 
Other74 4 (9)69 
Total AFS debt securities$11,849 $18 $(702)$11,165 
December 31, 2022
Amortized CostGross Unrealized GainsGross Unrealized (Losses)Fair Value
(in millions)
Held-to-maturity
Tax-exempt$1,091 $— $(138)$953 
Private label residential MBS198 — (39)159 
Total HTM securities$1,289 $— $(177)$1,112 
Available-for-sale debt securities
CLO$2,796 $— $(90)$2,706 
Residential MBS issued by GSEs2,123 — (383)1,740 
Private label residential MBS1,442 — (243)1,199 
Tax-exempt1,004 (115)891 
Corporate debt securities429 — (39)390 
Commercial MBS issued by GSEs104 (8)97 
Other75 (12)69 
Total AFS debt securities$7,973 $$(890)$7,092 
In addition, the Company held equity securities, which primarily consisted of preferred stock and CRA investments, with a fair value of $126 million and $160 million at December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. Unrealized losses on equity securities of $1.3 million and $22.3 million for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively, were recognized in earnings as a component of Fair value loss adjustments, net.
Securities with carrying amounts of approximately $7.7 billion and $1.7 billion at December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively, were pledged for various purposes as required or permitted by law.
The following tables summarize the Company's AFS debt securities in an unrealized loss position, aggregated by major security type and length of time in a continuous unrealized loss position:
December 31, 2023
Less Than Twelve MonthsMore Than Twelve MonthsTotal
Gross Unrealized LossesFair ValueGross Unrealized LossesFair ValueGross Unrealized LossesFair Value
(in millions)
Available-for-sale debt securities
U.S. Treasury securities$1 $2,208 $ $ $1 $2,208 
Residential MBS issued by GSEs3 174 356 1,551 359 1,725 
Private label residential MBS  204 1,020 204 1,020 
CLO  9 845 9 845 
Tax-exempt3 67 64 773 67 840 
Corporate debt securities (1)  44 359 44 359 
Commercial MBS issued by GSEs  9 53 9 53 
Other  9 54 9 54 
Total AFS securities$7 $2,449 $695 $4,655 $702 $7,104 
(1)Includes securities with an ACL that have a fair value of $54 million and unrealized losses of $8 million.
December 31, 2022
Less Than Twelve MonthsMore Than Twelve MonthsTotal
Gross Unrealized LossesFair ValueGross Unrealized LossesFair ValueGross Unrealized LossesFair Value
(in millions)
Available-for-sale debt securities
CLO$81 $2,467 $$216 $90 $2,683 
Residential MBS issued by GSEs82 600 301 1,101 383 1,701 
Private label residential MBS27 279 216 912 243 1,191 
Tax-exempt93 752 22 78 115 830 
Corporate debt securities28 263 11 120 39 383 
Commercial MBS issued by GSEs46 14 60 
Other26 26 12 52 
Total AFS securities$319 $4,433 $571 $2,467 $890 $6,900 
The total number of AFS debt securities in an unrealized loss position at December 31, 2023 is 708, compared to 832 at December 31, 2022.
On a quarterly basis, the Company performs an impairment analysis on its AFS debt securities in an unrealized loss position at the end of the period to determine whether credit losses should be recognized on these securities.
Qualitative considerations made by the Company in its impairment analysis are further discussed below.
Government Issued Securities
U.S. Treasury securities and commercial and residential MBS are issued by either government agencies or GSEs. These securities are either explicitly or implicitly guaranteed by the U.S. government, and are highly rated by major rating agencies. Further, principal and interest payments on these securities continue to be made on a timely basis.
Non-Government Issued Securities
Qualitative factors used in the Company's credit loss assessment of its securities that are not issued and guaranteed by the U.S. government include consideration of any adverse conditions related to a specific security, industry, or geographic region of its securities, any credit ratings below investment grade, the payment structure of the security and the likelihood of the issuer to be able to make payments that increase in the future, and failure of the issuer to make any scheduled principal or interest payments.
For the Company's corporate debt and tax-exempt securities, the Company also considers various metrics of the issuer including days of cash on hand, the ratio of long-term debt to total assets, the net change in cash between reporting periods, and consideration of any breach in covenant requirements. The Company's corporate debt securities are primarily investment grade, issuers continue to make timely principal and interest payments, and the unrealized losses on these security portfolios primarily
relate to changes in interest rates and other market conditions not considered to be credit-related issues. The Company continues to receive timely principal and interest payments on its tax-exempt securities and the majority of these issuers have revenues pledged for payment of debt service prior to payment of other types of expenses.
In consideration of the continued effects from the bank failures in 2023, the Company performed a targeted impairment analysis on its AFS debt securities issued by regional banks held in its corporate debt securities portfolio. The Company considered the issuers' credit ratings, probability of default, and other factors. As a result of the analysis, an $18.5 million provision for credit losses was recognized during the year ended December 31, 2023. The provision for credit losses for the year ended December 31, 2023 included recognition of a $17.1 million charge-off for one debt security issued by a regional bank that was sold. The Company does not intend to sell and it is more likely than not the Company will not be required to sell the remainder of these regional bank debt securities prior to their anticipated recovery, therefore, no additional credit losses on the Company's remaining portfolio have been recognized during the year ended December 31, 2023.
For the Company's private label residential MBS, which consist of non-agency collateralized mortgage obligations secured by pools of residential mortgage loans, the Company also considers metrics such as securitization risk weight factor, current credit support, whether there were any mortgage principal losses resulting from defaults in payments on the underlying mortgage collateral, and the credit default rate over the last twelve months. These securities primarily carry investment grade credit ratings, principal and interest payments on these securities continue to be made on a timely basis, and credit support for these securities is considered adequate.
The Company's CLO portfolio consists of highly rated securitization tranches, containing pools of medium to large-sized corporate, high yield loans. These are variable rate securities that have an investment grade rating of Single-A or better. Unrealized losses on these securities are primarily a function of the differential from the offer price and the valuation mid-market price as well as changes in interest rates.
Unrealized losses on the Company's other securities portfolio relate to taxable municipal and trust preferred securities. The Company is continuing to receive timely principal and interest payments on its taxable municipal securities, these securities continue to be highly rated, and the number of days of cash on hand is strong. The Company's trust preferred securities are investment grade and the issuers continue to make timely principal and interest payments.
The following table presents a rollforward by major security type of the ACL on the Company's AFS debt securities:
Year Ended December 31, 2023
Balance,
December 31, 2022
Provision for Credit LossesCharge-offsRecoveriesBalance,
December 31, 2023
(in millions)
Available for sale securities
Corporate debt securities$ $18.5 $(17.1)$ $1.4 
There were no credit losses recognized on AFS securities during the year ended December 31, 2022.
The credit loss model under ASC 326-20, applicable to HTM debt securities, requires recognition of lifetime expected credit losses through an allowance account at the time the security is purchased.
The following table presents a rollforward by major security type of the ACL on the Company's HTM debt securities:
Year Ended December 31, 2023
Balance,
December 31, 2022
Provision for Credit LossesCharge-offsRecoveriesBalance,
December 31, 2023
(in millions)
Held-to-maturity debt securities
Tax-exempt$5.2 $2.6 $ $ $7.8 
Year Ended December 31, 2022:
Balance,
December 31, 2021
Provision for Credit LossesCharge-offsRecoveriesBalance
December 31, 2022
(in millions)
Held-to-maturity debt securities
Tax-exempt$5.2 $— $— $— $5.2 
No allowance has been recognized on the Company's HTM private label residential MBS as losses are not expected due to the Company holding a senior position in these securities.
Accrued interest receivable on HTM securities totaled $5 million and $4 million at December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively, and is excluded from the estimate of expected credit losses.
The following tables summarize the carrying amount of the Company’s investment ratings position as of December 31, 2023 and 2022, which are updated quarterly and used to monitor the credit quality of the Company's securities: 
December 31, 2023
AAASplit-rated AAA/AA+AA+ to AA-A+ to A-BBB+ to BBB-BB+ and belowUnratedTotals
(in millions)
Held-to-maturity
Tax-exempt$ $ $ $ $ $ $1,243 $1,243 
Private label residential MBS      186 186 
Total HTM securities (1)$ $ $ $ $ $ $1,429 $1,429 
Available-for-sale debt securities
U.S. Treasury securities$ $4,853 $ $ $ $ $ $4,853 
Residential MBS issued by GSEs 1,972      1,972 
CLO79  1,265 55    1,399 
Private label residential MBS1,090  26   1  1,117 
Tax-exempt9 16 361 386   86 858 
Commercial MBS issued by GSEs 530      530 
Corporate debt securities   76 211 80  367 
Other  9 11 28 4 17 69 
Total AFS securities (1)$1,178 $7,371 $1,661 $528 $239 $85 $103 $11,165 
Equity securities
Preferred stock$ $ $ $ $54 $35 $11 $100 
CRA investments 26      26 
Total equity securities (1)$ $26 $ $ $54 $35 $11 $126 
(1)For rated securities, if ratings differ, the Company uses an average of the available ratings by major credit agencies.
December 31, 2022
AAASplit-rated AAA/AA+AA+ to AA-A+ to A-BBB+ to BBB-BB+ and belowUnratedTotals
(in millions)
Held-to-maturity
Tax-exempt$— $— $— $— $— $— $1,091 $1,091 
Private label residential MBS— — — — — — 198 198 
Total HTM securities (1)$— $— $— $— $— $— $1,289 $1,289 
Available-for-sale debt securities
CLO$310 $— $2,121 $275 $— $— $— $2,706 
Residential MBS issued by GSEs— 1,740 — — — — — 1,740 
Private label residential MBS1,158 — 41 — — — — 1,199 
Tax-exempt11 15 392 425 — — 48 891 
Corporate debt securities— — — 74 316 — — 390 
Commercial MBS issued by GSEs— 97 — — — — — 97 
Other— — 27 18 69 
Total AFS securities (1)$1,479 $1,852 $2,563 $783 $343 $$66 $7,092 
Equity securities
Preferred stock$— $— $— $— $82 $17 $$108 
CRA investments— 24 — — — — 25 49 
Common stock— — — — — — 
Total equity securities (1)$— $24 $— $— $82 $17 $37 $160 
(1)For rated securities, if ratings differ, the Company uses an average of the available ratings by major credit agencies.
A security is considered to be past due once it is 30 days contractually past due under the terms of the agreement. As of December 31, 2023, the Company did not have a significant amount of investment securities that were past due or on nonaccrual status.
The amortized cost and fair value of the Company's debt securities as of December 31, 2023, by contractual maturities, are shown below. MBS are shown separately as individual MBS are comprised of pools of loans with varying maturities. Therefore, these securities are listed separately in the maturity summary.
December 31, 2023
Amortized CostEstimated Fair Value
(in millions)
Held-to-maturity
Due in one year or less$17 $17 
After one year through five years20 20 
After five years through ten years86 76 
After ten years1,120 991 
Mortgage-backed securities186 147 
Total HTM securities$1,429 $1,251 
Available-for-sale
Due in one year or less$4,099 $4,099 
After one year through five years921 912 
After five years through ten years556 518 
After ten years2,094 2,017 
Mortgage-backed securities4,179 3,619 
Total AFS securities$11,849 $11,165 
The following table presents gross gains and losses on sales of investment securities: 
Year Ended December 31,
202320222021
(in millions)
Available-for-sale securities
Gross gains$4.0 $7.6 $8.4 
Gross losses(44.4)(0.2)— 
Net gains (losses) on AFS securities$(40.4)$7.4 $8.4 
Equity securities
Gross gains $ $— $0.1 
Gross losses(0.4)(0.5)(0.2)
Net losses on equity securities$(0.4)$(0.5)$(0.1)
During the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022, and 2021, the Company sold AFS securities with a carrying value of $1.6 billion, $170 million and $161 million, respectively, and recognized a net loss of $40.4 million and net gains of $7.4 million and $8.4 million, respectively. During the year ended December 31, 2023, gross losses on AFS securities sales relate primarily to sales of CLO securities that were executed as part of the Company's balance sheet repositioning strategy. Gross gains on AFS securities sales during the year ended December 31, 2023 are attributable to sales of MBS and tax-exempt municipal securities that were completed to secure gains.
v3.24.0.1
Loans Held For Sale
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2023
Receivables [Abstract]  
Loans Held For Sale
3. LOANS HELD FOR SALE
The Company purchases and originates residential mortgage loans through its AmeriHome mortgage banking business channel that are held for sale or securitization. In addition, as part of the Company's balance sheet repositioning strategy, the Company transferred $5.9 billion of loans, net of a fair value loss adjustment (primarily commercial and industrial loans) to HFS as of March 31, 2023. The Company completed loan dispositions from this transferred loan pool totaling $4.3 billion and transferred all remaining HFS loans back to HFI as a result of a change in management intent. As of December 31, 2023 and 2022, loans HFS consist of residential mortgage loans held for sale or securitization.
The following is a summary of loans HFS by type:
December 31,
20232022
(in millions)
Government-insured or guaranteed:
EBO (1)$2 $— 
Non-EBO498 591 
Total government-insured or guaranteed500 591 
Agency-conforming899 593 
Non-agency3 — 
Total loans HFS$1,402 $1,184 
(1)    EBO loans are delinquent FHA, VA, or USDA loans purchased from GNMA pools under the terms of the GNMA MBS program that can be repooled when loans are brought current either through the borrower's reperformance or through completion of a loan modification.
The following is a summary of the net gain on loan purchase, origination, and sale activities on residential mortgage loans to be sold or securitized:
Year Ended December 31,
20232022
(in millions)
Mortgage servicing rights capitalized upon sale of loans$864.5 $719.7 
Net proceeds from sale of loans (1)(785.6)(1,076.6)
Provision for and change in estimate of liability for losses under representations and warranties, net5.2 1.7 
Change in fair value15.0 (6.8)
Change in fair value of derivatives:
Unrealized loss on derivatives(18.4)(5.9)
Realized gain on derivatives55.4 408.0 
Total change in fair value of derivatives37.0 402.1 
Net gain on residential mortgage loans HFS$136.1 $40.1 
Loan acquisition and origination fees57.4 63.9 
Net gain on loan origination and sale activities$193.5 $104.0 
(1)     Represents the difference between cash proceeds received upon settlement and loan basis.
4. LOANS, LEASES AND ALLOWANCE FOR CREDIT LOSSES
The composition of the Company's HFI loan portfolio is as follows:
December 31,
20232022
(in millions)
Warehouse lending$6,618 $5,561 
Municipal & nonprofit1,554 1,524 
Tech & innovation2,808 2,293 
Equity fund resources845 3,717 
Other commercial and industrial7,452 7,793 
CRE - owner occupied1,658 1,656 
Hotel franchise finance3,855 3,807 
Other CRE - non-owner occupied5,974 5,457 
Residential13,287 13,996 
Residential - EBO1,223 1,884 
Construction and land development4,862 3,995 
Other161 179 
Total loans HFI50,297 51,862 
Allowance for credit losses(337)(310)
Total loans HFI, net of allowance$49,960 $51,552 
Loans classified as HFI are stated at the amount of unpaid principal, adjusted for net deferred fees and costs, premiums and discounts on acquired and purchased loans, and an ACL. Net deferred loan fees of $108 million and $141 million reduced the carrying value of loans as of December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. Net unamortized purchase premiums on acquired and purchased loans of $177 million and $195 million increased the carrying value of loans as of December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively.
Nonaccrual and Past Due Loans
Loans are placed on nonaccrual status when management determines the full repayment of principal and collection of interest according to contractual terms is no longer likely, generally when the loan becomes 90 days or more past due.
The following tables present nonperforming loan balances by loan portfolio segment:
December 31, 2023
Nonaccrual with No Allowance for Credit LossNonaccrual with an Allowance for Credit LossTotal NonaccrualLoans Past Due 90 Days or More and Still Accruing
(in millions)
Municipal & nonprofit$ $6 $6 $ 
Tech & innovation23 10 33  
Other commercial and industrial19 34 53  
CRE - owner occupied8 1 9  
Other CRE - non-owner occupied82 1 83  
Residential 70 70  
Residential - EBO   399 
Construction and land development19  19 42 
Total$151 $122 $273 $441 
Loans contractually delinquent by 90 days or more and still accruing totaled $441 million at December 31, 2023 and consisted of government guaranteed EBO residential loans and construction and land development loans.
December 31, 2022
Nonaccrual with No Allowance for Credit LossNonaccrual with an Allowance for Credit LossTotal NonaccrualLoans Past Due 90 Days or More and Still Accruing
(in millions)
Municipal & nonprofit$— $$$— 
Tech & innovation— — 
Other commercial and industrial23 24 — 
CRE - owner occupied10 12 — 
Hotel franchise finance— 10 10 — 
Other CRE - non-owner occupied— 
Residential— 19 19 — 
Residential - EBO— — — 582 
Construction and land development— — 
Total$20 $65 $85 $582 
Loans contractually delinquent by 90 days or more and still accruing totaled $582 million at December 31, 2022 and consisted entirely of government guaranteed EBO residential loans.
The reduction in interest income associated with loans on nonaccrual status was approximately $12.3 million, $4.7 million, and $5.3 million for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022, and 2021, respectively.
The following table presents an aging analysis of past due loans by loan portfolio segment:
December 31, 2023
Current30-59 Days
Past Due
60-89 Days
Past Due
Over 90 days
Past Due
Total
Past Due
Total
(in millions)
Warehouse lending$6,618 $ $ $ $ $6,618 
Municipal & nonprofit1,554     1,554 
Tech & innovation2,808     2,808 
Equity fund resources845     845 
Other commercial and industrial7,439 13   13 7,452 
CRE - owner occupied1,627  31  31 1,658 
Hotel franchise finance3,824 15 16  31 3,855 
Other CRE - non-owner occupied5,974     5,974 
Residential13,199 68 20  88 13,287 
Residential - EBO545 173 106 399 678 1,223 
Construction and land development4,820   42 42 4,862 
Other160 1   1 161 
Total loans$49,413 $270 $173 $441 $884 $50,297 
December 31, 2022
Current30-59 Days
Past Due
60-89 Days
Past Due
Over 90 days
Past Due
Total
Past Due
Total
(in millions)
Warehouse lending$5,561 $— $— $— $— $5,561 
Municipal & nonprofit1,524 — — — — 1,524 
Tech & innovation2,270 23 — — 23 2,293 
Equity fund resources3,717 — — — — 3,717 
Other commercial and industrial7,791 — — 7,793 
CRE - owner occupied1,656 — — — — 1,656 
Hotel franchise finance3,807 — — — — 3,807 
Other CRE - non-owner occupied5,454 — — 5,457 
Residential13,955 37 — 41 13,996 
Residential - EBO969 217 116 582 915 1,884 
Construction and land development3,995 — — — — 3,995 
Other178 — — 179 
Total loans$50,877 $283 $120 $582 $985 $51,862 
Credit Quality Indicators
The Company categorizes loans into risk categories based on relevant information about the ability of borrowers to service their debt such as current financial information, historical payment experience, credit documentation, public information, and current economic trends, among other factors. The Company analyzes loans individually to classify the loans as to credit risk. This analysis is performed on a quarterly basis. The risk rating categories are described in "Note 1. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies" of these Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements. The following tables present risk ratings by loan portfolio segment and origination year. The origination year is the year of origination or renewal.
Term Loan Amortized Cost Basis by Origination YearRevolving Loans Amortized Cost BasisTotal
As of and for the year ended December 31, 202320232022202120202019Prior
(in millions)
Warehouse lending
Pass$582 $323 $7 $289 $ $ $5,391 $6,592 
Special mention      26 26 
Classified        
Total$582 $323 $7 $289 $ $ $5,417 $6,618 
Current period gross charge-offs$ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ 
Municipal & nonprofit
Pass$102 $167 $176 $169 $68 $848 $ $1,530 
Special mention 7  11    18 
Classified    6   6 
Total$102 $174 $176 $180 $74 $848 $ $1,554 
Current period gross charge-offs$ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ 
Tech & innovation
Pass$758 $774 $206 $22 $66 $38 $816 $2,680 
Special mention5 30 12    1 48 
Classified15 52 1 5   7 80 
Total$778 $856 $219 $27 $66 $38 $824 $2,808 
Current period gross charge-offs$1.7 $1.1 $0.6 $3.5 $ $ $ $6.9 
Equity fund resources
Pass$154 $62 $21 $3 $1 $ $604 $845 
Special mention        
Classified        
Total$154 $62 $21 $3 $1 $ $604 $845 
Current period gross charge-offs$ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ 
Other commercial and industrial
Pass$1,610 $1,454 $559 $185 $77 $196 $3,186 $7,267 
Special mention90 1 1    1 93 
Classified1 25 59 2 4  1 92 
Total$1,701 $1,480 $619 $187 $81 $196 $3,188 $7,452 
Current period gross charge-offs$0.8 $3.4 $13.2 $3.9 $0.3 $0.2 $0.9 $22.7 
CRE - owner occupied
Pass$165 $344 $322 $163 $132 $444 $40 $1,610 
Special mention     1  1 
Classified2 1 4 1 1 38  47 
Total$167 $345 $326 $164 $133 $483 $40 $1,658 
Current period gross charge-offs$ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ 
Hotel franchise finance
Pass$593 $1,535 $566 $95 $419 $165 $132 $3,505 
Special mention34  66  35 68  203 
Classified24 8 48  43 24  147 
Total$651 $1,543 $680 $95 $497 $257 $132 $3,855 
Current period gross charge-offs$ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ 
Term Loan Amortized Cost Basis by Origination YearRevolving Loans Amortized Cost BasisTotal
As of and for the year ended December 31, 202320232022202120202019Prior
(in millions)
Other CRE - non-owner occupied
Pass$1,832 $1,784 $754 $457 $166 $206 $387 $5,586 
Special mention164  16 43 28   251 
Classified28  93 1 14 1  137 
Total$2,024 $1,784 $863 $501 $208 $207 $387 $5,974 
Current period gross charge-offs$ $ $5.1 $ $ $0.1 $ $5.2 
Residential
Pass$324 $3,577 $7,999 $820 $270 $207 $20 $13,217 
Special mention        
Classified1 26 33 4 4 2  70 
Total$325 $3,603 $8,032 $824 $274 $209 $20 $13,287 
Current period gross charge-offs$ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ 
Residential - EBO
Pass$2 $8 $227 $534 $231 $221 $ $1,223 
Special mention        
Classified        
Total$2 $8 $227 $534 $231 $221 $ $1,223 
Current period gross charge-offs$ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ 
Construction and land development
Pass$1,013 $2,231 $385 $10 $ $ $1,151 $4,790 
Special mention        
Classified1 19  52    72 
Total$1,014 $2,250 $385 $62 $ $ $1,151 $4,862 
Current period gross charge-offs$ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ 
Other
Pass$4 $10 $3 $11 $3 $62 $66 $159 
Special mention     1  1 
Classified     1  1 
Total$4 $10 $3 $11 $3 $64 $66 $161 
Current period gross charge-offs$ $0.2 $ $ $ $0.2 $ $0.4 
Total by Risk Category
Pass$7,139 $12,269 $11,225 $2,758 $1,433 $2,387 $11,793 $49,004 
Special mention293 38 95 54 63 70 28 641 
Classified72 131 238 65 72 66 8 652 
Total$7,504 $12,438 $11,558 $2,877 $1,568 $2,523 $11,829 $50,297 
Current period gross charge-offs$2.5 $4.7 $18.9 $7.4 $0.3 $0.5 $0.9 $35.2 
Term Loan Amortized Cost Basis by Origination YearRevolving Loans Amortized Cost BasisTotal
December 31, 202220222021202020192018Prior
(in millions)
Warehouse lending
Pass$397 $41 $152 $— $— $— $4,928 $5,518 
Special mention43 — — — — — — 43 
Classified— — — — — — — — 
Total$440 $41 $152 $— $— $— $4,928 $5,561 
Municipal & nonprofit
Pass$107 $185 $187 $78 $43 $917 $— $1,517 
Special mention— — — — — — — — 
Classified— — — — — — 
Total$107 $185 $187 $78 $43 $924 $— $1,524 
Tech & innovation
Pass$813 $374 $87 $66 $$$853 $2,198 
Special mention36 22 — — — 20 81 
Classified12 — — — — — 14 
Total$851 $408 $90 $66 $$$873 $2,293 
Equity fund resources
Pass$1,020 $1,189 $191 $16 $— $— $1,301 $3,717 
Special mention— — — — — — — — 
Classified— — — — — — — — 
Total$1,020 $1,189 $191 $16 $— $— $1,301 $3,717 
Other commercial and industrial
Pass$2,968 $1,272 $262 $277 $312 $206 $2,406 $7,703 
Special mention— 44 — — — — 47 
Classified21 10 43 
Total$2,971 $1,337 $272 $280 $315 $207 $2,411 $7,793 
CRE - owner occupied
Pass$338 $359 $174 $157 $211 $339 $29 $1,607 
Special mention— — — — — — 
Classified— 14 10 11 48 
Total$338 $373 $181 $158 $216 $350 $40 $1,656 
Hotel franchise finance
Pass$1,762 $726 $54 $528 $290 $103 $118 $3,581 
Special mention— — 26 — — — — 26 
Classified18 20 — 117 45 — — 200 
Total$1,780 $746 $80 $645 $335 $103 $118 $3,807 
Other CRE - non-owner occupied
Pass$2,344 $1,201 $870 $264 $160 $218 $315 $5,372 
Special mention38 — 12 — — 54 
Classified— — 12 10 — 31 
Total$2,347 $1,243 $870 $288 $170 $223 $316 $5,457 
Residential
Pass$4,041 $8,474 $878 $308 $150 $90 $36 $13,977 
Special mention— — — — — — — — 
Classified— — — 19 
Total$4,047 $8,483 $878 $311 $151 $90 $36 $13,996 
Residential - EBO
Pass$$268 $712 $454 $191 $256 $— $1,884 
Special mention— — — — — — — — 
Classified— — — — — — — — 
Total$$268 $712 $454 $191 $256 $— $1,884 
Term Loan Amortized Cost Basis by Origination YearRevolving Loans Amortized Cost BasisTotal
December 31, 202220222021202020192018Prior
(in millions)
Construction and land development
Pass$1,533 $815 $273 $14 $— $— $1,258 $3,893 
Special mention— — 98 — — — — 98 
Classified— — — — — — 
Total$1,533 $815 $371 $18 $— $— $1,258 $3,995 
Other
Pass$23 $10 $13 $$$61 $64 $178 
Special mention— — — — — — 
Classified— — — — — — — — 
Total$23 $10 $13 $$$62 $64 $179 
Total by Risk Category
Pass$15,349 $14,914 $3,853 $2,167 $1,363 $2,191 $11,308 $51,145 
Special mention82 104 127 12 — 24 351 
Classified29 80 17 140 64 23 13 366 
Total$15,460 $15,098 $3,997 $2,319 $1,427 $2,216 $11,345 $51,862 
Restructurings for Borrowers Experiencing Financial Difficulty
The Company adopted the amendments in ASU 2022-02, which eliminated accounting guidance on TDR loans for creditors and requires enhanced disclosures for loan modifications to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty made on or after January 1, 2023. See “Note 1. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies” of these Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for further discussion of the amendments in this update.
The following table presents the amortized cost basis of loans HFI that were modified during the year ended December 31, 2023 by loan portfolio segment:
Amortized Cost Basis at December 31, 2023
Payment Delay and Term ExtensionTerm ExtensionPayment DelayTotal% of Total Class of Financing Receivable
(dollars in millions)
Tech & innovation$1 $6 $8 $15 0.5 %
Other commercial and industrial 23 8 31 0.4 %
CRE - owner occupied 3  3 0.2 %
Hotel franchise finance 37  37 1.0 %
Other CRE - non-owner occupied 119  119 2.0 %
Residential  1 1 0.0 %
Total$1 $188 $17 $206 0.4 %
The performance of these modified loans is monitored for 12 months following the modification. As of December 31, 2023, modified loans on nonaccrual status totaled $111 million and the remaining $95 million were current with contractual payments.
In the normal course of business, the Company also modifies EBO loans, which are delinquent FHA, VA, or USDA insured or guaranteed loans repurchased under the terms of the GNMA MBS program and can be repooled or resold when loans are brought current. During the year ended December 31, 2023, the Company completed modifications of EBO loans with an amortized cost of $225 million. These modifications were largely payment delays and term extensions, or both.
Troubled Debt Restructurings
Prior to the adoption of ASU 2022-02, the Company accounted for a modification to the contractual terms of a loan that resulted in granting a concession to a borrower experiencing financial difficulties as a TDR. The loan terms that were modified or restructured due to a borrower’s financial situation included, but were not limited to, a reduction in the stated interest rate, an extension of the maturity or renewal of the loan at an interest rate below current market, a reduction in the face amount of the debt, a reduction in the accrued interest, or deferral of interest payments. The majority of the Company's modifications were extensions in terms or deferral of payments which resulted in no lost principal or interest. Consistent with regulatory guidance,
a TDR loan that was subsequently modified in another restructuring agreement but had shown sustained performance and classification as a TDR, was removed from TDR status provided that the modified terms were market-based at the time of modification.
The following table presents TDR loans by loan portfolio segment:
December 31, 2022
Number of LoansRecorded Investment
(dollars in millions)
Other commercial and industrial$
CRE - owner occupied
Hotel franchise finance10 
Other CRE - non-owner occupied
Total$14 
The ACL on TDR loans totaled $4 million as of December 31, 2022. There were no outstanding commitments on TDR loans as of December 31, 2022.
During the year ended December 31, 2022, the Company had three new TDR loans with a recorded investment of $11 million. No principal amounts were forgiven and there were no waived fees or other expenses that resulted from these TDR loans.
A TDR loan was deemed to have a payment default when it became past due 90 days under the modified terms, went on nonaccrual status, or was restructured again. Payment defaults, along with other qualitative indicators, were considered by management in the determination of the ACL. During the year ended December 31, 2022, there were no loans for which there was a payment default within 12 months following the modification.
Collateral-Dependent Loans
The following table presents the amortized cost basis of collateral-dependent loans by loan portfolio segment:
December 31,
2023December 31, 2022
Real Estate CollateralOther CollateralTotalReal Estate CollateralOther CollateralTotal
(in millions)
Municipal & nonprofit$ $6 $6 $— $$
Tech & innovation   — 
Other commercial and industrial 29 29 — 30 30 
CRE - owner occupied43  43 42 — 42 
Hotel franchise finance104  104 186 — 186 
Other CRE - non-owner occupied136  136 27 — 27 
Construction and land development71  71 — 
Total$354 $35 $389 $259 $43 $302 
The Company did not identify any significant changes in the extent to which collateral secures its collateral dependent loans, whether in the form of general deterioration or from other factors during the year ended December 31, 2023.
Allowance for Credit Losses
The ACL consists of the ACL on funded loans HFI and an ACL on unfunded loan commitments. The ACL on HTM securities is estimated separately from loans, see "Note 2. Investment Securities" of these Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for further discussion. Management considers the level of ACL to be a reasonable and supportable estimate of expected credit losses inherent within the Company's HFI loan portfolio as of December 31, 2023.
The below tables reflect the activity in the ACL on loans HFI by loan portfolio segment, which includes an estimate of future recoveries:
Year Ended December 31, 2023
Balance,
December 31, 2022
Provision for (Recovery of) Credit LossesCharge-offsRecoveriesBalance,
December 31, 2023
(in millions)
Warehouse lending$8.4 $(2.6)$ $ $5.8 
Municipal & nonprofit15.9 (1.2)  14.7 
Tech & innovation30.8 18.2 6.9  42.1 
Equity fund resources6.4 (5.1)  1.3 
Other commercial and industrial85.9 13.2 22.7 (5.0)81.4 
CRE - owner occupied7.1 (1.1)  6.0 
Hotel franchise finance46.9 (13.5)  33.4 
Other CRE - non-owner occupied47.4 53.8 5.2  96.0 
Residential30.4 (7.4) (0.1)23.1 
Residential - EBO     
Construction and land development27.4 3.0   30.4 
Other3.1 (0.4)0.4 (0.2)2.5 
Total$309.7 $56.9 $35.2 $(5.3)$336.7 
Year Ended December 31, 2022
Balance,
December 31, 2021
Provision for (Recovery of) Credit LossesCharge-offsRecoveriesBalance,
December 31, 2022
(in millions)
Warehouse lending$3.0 $5.4 $— $— $8.4 
Municipal & nonprofit13.7 2.2 — — 15.9 
Tech & innovation25.7 3.0 — (2.1)30.8 
Equity fund resources9.6 (3.2)— — 6.4 
Other commercial and industrial103.6 (14.4)8.5 (5.2)85.9 
CRE - owner occupied10.6 (3.6)— (0.1)7.1 
Hotel franchise finance41.5 5.4 — — 46.9 
Other CRE - non-owner occupied16.9 30.4 — (0.1)47.4 
Residential12.5 17.8 — (0.1)30.4 
Residential - EBO— — — — — 
Construction and land development12.5 15.3 0.5 (0.1)27.4 
Other2.9 0.4 0.3 (0.1)3.1 
Total$252.5 $58.7 $9.3 $(7.8)$309.7 
Accrued interest receivable of $281 million and $304 million at December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively, was excluded from the estimate of credit losses. Whereas, accrued interest receivable related to the Company's Residential-EBO loan portfolio segment was included in the estimate of credit losses and had an allowance of $4 million and $9 million as of December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. Accrued interest receivable, net of any allowance, is included in Other assets on the Consolidated Balance Sheet.
In addition to the ACL on funded loans HFI, the Company maintains a separate ACL related to off-balance sheet credit exposures, including unfunded loan commitments. This allowance is included in Other liabilities on the Consolidated Balance Sheets.
The below table reflects the activity in the ACL on unfunded loan commitments:
Year Ended December 31,
20232022
(in millions)
Balance, beginning of period$47.0 $37.6 
(Recovery of) provision for credit losses (15.4)9.4 
Balance, end of period $31.6 $47.0 
The following tables disaggregate the Company's ACL on funded loans HFI and loan balances by measurement methodology:
December 31, 2023
LoansAllowance
Collectively Evaluated for Credit LossIndividually Evaluated for Credit LossTotalCollectively Evaluated for Credit LossIndividually Evaluated for Credit LossTotal
(in millions)
Warehouse lending$6,618 $ $6,618 $5.8 $ $5.8 
Municipal & nonprofit1,548 6 1,554 13.7 1.0 14.7 
Tech & innovation2,729 79 2,808 38.3 3.8 42.1 
Equity fund resources845  845 1.3  1.3 
Other commercial and industrial7,362 90 7,452 64.6 16.8 81.4 
CRE - owner occupied1,613 45 1,658 6.0  6.0 
Hotel franchise finance3,708 147 3,855 33.4  33.4 
Other CRE - non-owner occupied5,838 136 5,974 96.0  96.0 
Residential13,287  13,287 23.1  23.1 
Residential EBO1,223  1,223    
Construction and land development4,791 71 4,862 30.4  30.4 
Other161  161 2.5  2.5 
Total$49,723 $574 $50,297 $315.1 $21.6 $336.7 
December 31, 2022
LoansAllowance
Collectively Evaluated for Credit LossIndividually Evaluated for Credit LossTotalCollectively Evaluated for Credit LossIndividually Evaluated for Credit LossTotal
(in millions)
Warehouse lending$5,561 $— $5,561 $8.4 $— $8.4 
Municipal & nonprofit1,517 1,524 13.4 2.5 15.9 
Tech & innovation2,280 13 2,293 30.3 0.5 30.8 
Equity fund resources3,717 — 3,717 6.4 — 6.4 
Other commercial and industrial7,754 39 7,793 80.4 5.5 85.9 
CRE - owner occupied1,612 44 1,656 7.1 — 7.1 
Hotel franchise finance3,607 200 3,807 44.7 2.2 46.9 
Other CRE - non-owner occupied5,428 29 5,457 47.4 — 47.4 
Residential13,996 — 13,996 30.4 — 30.4 
Residential EBO1,884 — 1,884 — — — 
Construction and land development3,991 3,995 27.4 — 27.4 
Other179 — 179 3.1 — 3.1 
Total$51,526 $336 $51,862 $299.0 $10.7 $309.7 
Loan Purchases and Sales
Loan purchases during the year ended December 31, 2023 totaled $1.6 billion, which primarily consisted of commercial and industrial and residential loans, compared to $8.8 billion during the year ended December 31, 2022, which primarily consisted of residential loan purchases. There were no loans purchased with more-than-insignificant deterioration in credit quality during the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022.
During the year ended December 31, 2023, the Company transferred $6.7 billion of loans HFI (primarily commercial and industrial loans) to HFS as part of its balance sheet repositioning strategy. The loans were transferred to HFS net of a fair value loss adjustment of $122.5 million. The Company completed loan dispositions from this HFS loan pool totaling $4.3 billion through December 31, 2023 and transferred all remaining loans in this pool back to HFI as a result of a change in management intent. During the year ended December 31, 2022, the Company sold loans with a carrying value of $780 million and recognized a net loss of $8.4 million on these loan sales.
v3.24.0.1
Loans, Leases and Allowance for Credit Losses
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2023
Receivables [Abstract]  
Loans, Leases and Allowance for Credit Losses
3. LOANS HELD FOR SALE
The Company purchases and originates residential mortgage loans through its AmeriHome mortgage banking business channel that are held for sale or securitization. In addition, as part of the Company's balance sheet repositioning strategy, the Company transferred $5.9 billion of loans, net of a fair value loss adjustment (primarily commercial and industrial loans) to HFS as of March 31, 2023. The Company completed loan dispositions from this transferred loan pool totaling $4.3 billion and transferred all remaining HFS loans back to HFI as a result of a change in management intent. As of December 31, 2023 and 2022, loans HFS consist of residential mortgage loans held for sale or securitization.
The following is a summary of loans HFS by type:
December 31,
20232022
(in millions)
Government-insured or guaranteed:
EBO (1)$2 $— 
Non-EBO498 591 
Total government-insured or guaranteed500 591 
Agency-conforming899 593 
Non-agency3 — 
Total loans HFS$1,402 $1,184 
(1)    EBO loans are delinquent FHA, VA, or USDA loans purchased from GNMA pools under the terms of the GNMA MBS program that can be repooled when loans are brought current either through the borrower's reperformance or through completion of a loan modification.
The following is a summary of the net gain on loan purchase, origination, and sale activities on residential mortgage loans to be sold or securitized:
Year Ended December 31,
20232022
(in millions)
Mortgage servicing rights capitalized upon sale of loans$864.5 $719.7 
Net proceeds from sale of loans (1)(785.6)(1,076.6)
Provision for and change in estimate of liability for losses under representations and warranties, net5.2 1.7 
Change in fair value15.0 (6.8)
Change in fair value of derivatives:
Unrealized loss on derivatives(18.4)(5.9)
Realized gain on derivatives55.4 408.0 
Total change in fair value of derivatives37.0 402.1 
Net gain on residential mortgage loans HFS$136.1 $40.1 
Loan acquisition and origination fees57.4 63.9 
Net gain on loan origination and sale activities$193.5 $104.0 
(1)     Represents the difference between cash proceeds received upon settlement and loan basis.
4. LOANS, LEASES AND ALLOWANCE FOR CREDIT LOSSES
The composition of the Company's HFI loan portfolio is as follows:
December 31,
20232022
(in millions)
Warehouse lending$6,618 $5,561 
Municipal & nonprofit1,554 1,524 
Tech & innovation2,808 2,293 
Equity fund resources845 3,717 
Other commercial and industrial7,452 7,793 
CRE - owner occupied1,658 1,656 
Hotel franchise finance3,855 3,807 
Other CRE - non-owner occupied5,974 5,457 
Residential13,287 13,996 
Residential - EBO1,223 1,884 
Construction and land development4,862 3,995 
Other161 179 
Total loans HFI50,297 51,862 
Allowance for credit losses(337)(310)
Total loans HFI, net of allowance$49,960 $51,552 
Loans classified as HFI are stated at the amount of unpaid principal, adjusted for net deferred fees and costs, premiums and discounts on acquired and purchased loans, and an ACL. Net deferred loan fees of $108 million and $141 million reduced the carrying value of loans as of December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. Net unamortized purchase premiums on acquired and purchased loans of $177 million and $195 million increased the carrying value of loans as of December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively.
Nonaccrual and Past Due Loans
Loans are placed on nonaccrual status when management determines the full repayment of principal and collection of interest according to contractual terms is no longer likely, generally when the loan becomes 90 days or more past due.
The following tables present nonperforming loan balances by loan portfolio segment:
December 31, 2023
Nonaccrual with No Allowance for Credit LossNonaccrual with an Allowance for Credit LossTotal NonaccrualLoans Past Due 90 Days or More and Still Accruing
(in millions)
Municipal & nonprofit$ $6 $6 $ 
Tech & innovation23 10 33  
Other commercial and industrial19 34 53  
CRE - owner occupied8 1 9  
Other CRE - non-owner occupied82 1 83  
Residential 70 70  
Residential - EBO   399 
Construction and land development19  19 42 
Total$151 $122 $273 $441 
Loans contractually delinquent by 90 days or more and still accruing totaled $441 million at December 31, 2023 and consisted of government guaranteed EBO residential loans and construction and land development loans.
December 31, 2022
Nonaccrual with No Allowance for Credit LossNonaccrual with an Allowance for Credit LossTotal NonaccrualLoans Past Due 90 Days or More and Still Accruing
(in millions)
Municipal & nonprofit$— $$$— 
Tech & innovation— — 
Other commercial and industrial23 24 — 
CRE - owner occupied10 12 — 
Hotel franchise finance— 10 10 — 
Other CRE - non-owner occupied— 
Residential— 19 19 — 
Residential - EBO— — — 582 
Construction and land development— — 
Total$20 $65 $85 $582 
Loans contractually delinquent by 90 days or more and still accruing totaled $582 million at December 31, 2022 and consisted entirely of government guaranteed EBO residential loans.
The reduction in interest income associated with loans on nonaccrual status was approximately $12.3 million, $4.7 million, and $5.3 million for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022, and 2021, respectively.
The following table presents an aging analysis of past due loans by loan portfolio segment:
December 31, 2023
Current30-59 Days
Past Due
60-89 Days
Past Due
Over 90 days
Past Due
Total
Past Due
Total
(in millions)
Warehouse lending$6,618 $ $ $ $ $6,618 
Municipal & nonprofit1,554     1,554 
Tech & innovation2,808     2,808 
Equity fund resources845     845 
Other commercial and industrial7,439 13   13 7,452 
CRE - owner occupied1,627  31  31 1,658 
Hotel franchise finance3,824 15 16  31 3,855 
Other CRE - non-owner occupied5,974     5,974 
Residential13,199 68 20  88 13,287 
Residential - EBO545 173 106 399 678 1,223 
Construction and land development4,820   42 42 4,862 
Other160 1   1 161 
Total loans$49,413 $270 $173 $441 $884 $50,297 
December 31, 2022
Current30-59 Days
Past Due
60-89 Days
Past Due
Over 90 days
Past Due
Total
Past Due
Total
(in millions)
Warehouse lending$5,561 $— $— $— $— $5,561 
Municipal & nonprofit1,524 — — — — 1,524 
Tech & innovation2,270 23 — — 23 2,293 
Equity fund resources3,717 — — — — 3,717 
Other commercial and industrial7,791 — — 7,793 
CRE - owner occupied1,656 — — — — 1,656 
Hotel franchise finance3,807 — — — — 3,807 
Other CRE - non-owner occupied5,454 — — 5,457 
Residential13,955 37 — 41 13,996 
Residential - EBO969 217 116 582 915 1,884 
Construction and land development3,995 — — — — 3,995 
Other178 — — 179 
Total loans$50,877 $283 $120 $582 $985 $51,862 
Credit Quality Indicators
The Company categorizes loans into risk categories based on relevant information about the ability of borrowers to service their debt such as current financial information, historical payment experience, credit documentation, public information, and current economic trends, among other factors. The Company analyzes loans individually to classify the loans as to credit risk. This analysis is performed on a quarterly basis. The risk rating categories are described in "Note 1. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies" of these Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements. The following tables present risk ratings by loan portfolio segment and origination year. The origination year is the year of origination or renewal.
Term Loan Amortized Cost Basis by Origination YearRevolving Loans Amortized Cost BasisTotal
As of and for the year ended December 31, 202320232022202120202019Prior
(in millions)
Warehouse lending
Pass$582 $323 $7 $289 $ $ $5,391 $6,592 
Special mention      26 26 
Classified        
Total$582 $323 $7 $289 $ $ $5,417 $6,618 
Current period gross charge-offs$ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ 
Municipal & nonprofit
Pass$102 $167 $176 $169 $68 $848 $ $1,530 
Special mention 7  11    18 
Classified    6   6 
Total$102 $174 $176 $180 $74 $848 $ $1,554 
Current period gross charge-offs$ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ 
Tech & innovation
Pass$758 $774 $206 $22 $66 $38 $816 $2,680 
Special mention5 30 12    1 48 
Classified15 52 1 5   7 80 
Total$778 $856 $219 $27 $66 $38 $824 $2,808 
Current period gross charge-offs$1.7 $1.1 $0.6 $3.5 $ $ $ $6.9 
Equity fund resources
Pass$154 $62 $21 $3 $1 $ $604 $845 
Special mention        
Classified        
Total$154 $62 $21 $3 $1 $ $604 $845 
Current period gross charge-offs$ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ 
Other commercial and industrial
Pass$1,610 $1,454 $559 $185 $77 $196 $3,186 $7,267 
Special mention90 1 1    1 93 
Classified1 25 59 2 4  1 92 
Total$1,701 $1,480 $619 $187 $81 $196 $3,188 $7,452 
Current period gross charge-offs$0.8 $3.4 $13.2 $3.9 $0.3 $0.2 $0.9 $22.7 
CRE - owner occupied
Pass$165 $344 $322 $163 $132 $444 $40 $1,610 
Special mention     1  1 
Classified2 1 4 1 1 38  47 
Total$167 $345 $326 $164 $133 $483 $40 $1,658 
Current period gross charge-offs$ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ 
Hotel franchise finance
Pass$593 $1,535 $566 $95 $419 $165 $132 $3,505 
Special mention34  66  35 68  203 
Classified24 8 48  43 24  147 
Total$651 $1,543 $680 $95 $497 $257 $132 $3,855 
Current period gross charge-offs$ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ 
Term Loan Amortized Cost Basis by Origination YearRevolving Loans Amortized Cost BasisTotal
As of and for the year ended December 31, 202320232022202120202019Prior
(in millions)
Other CRE - non-owner occupied
Pass$1,832 $1,784 $754 $457 $166 $206 $387 $5,586 
Special mention164  16 43 28   251 
Classified28  93 1 14 1  137 
Total$2,024 $1,784 $863 $501 $208 $207 $387 $5,974 
Current period gross charge-offs$ $ $5.1 $ $ $0.1 $ $5.2 
Residential
Pass$324 $3,577 $7,999 $820 $270 $207 $20 $13,217 
Special mention        
Classified1 26 33 4 4 2  70 
Total$325 $3,603 $8,032 $824 $274 $209 $20 $13,287 
Current period gross charge-offs$ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ 
Residential - EBO
Pass$2 $8 $227 $534 $231 $221 $ $1,223 
Special mention        
Classified        
Total$2 $8 $227 $534 $231 $221 $ $1,223 
Current period gross charge-offs$ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ 
Construction and land development
Pass$1,013 $2,231 $385 $10 $ $ $1,151 $4,790 
Special mention        
Classified1 19  52    72 
Total$1,014 $2,250 $385 $62 $ $ $1,151 $4,862 
Current period gross charge-offs$ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ 
Other
Pass$4 $10 $3 $11 $3 $62 $66 $159 
Special mention     1  1 
Classified     1  1 
Total$4 $10 $3 $11 $3 $64 $66 $161 
Current period gross charge-offs$ $0.2 $ $ $ $0.2 $ $0.4 
Total by Risk Category
Pass$7,139 $12,269 $11,225 $2,758 $1,433 $2,387 $11,793 $49,004 
Special mention293 38 95 54 63 70 28 641 
Classified72 131 238 65 72 66 8 652 
Total$7,504 $12,438 $11,558 $2,877 $1,568 $2,523 $11,829 $50,297 
Current period gross charge-offs$2.5 $4.7 $18.9 $7.4 $0.3 $0.5 $0.9 $35.2 
Term Loan Amortized Cost Basis by Origination YearRevolving Loans Amortized Cost BasisTotal
December 31, 202220222021202020192018Prior
(in millions)
Warehouse lending
Pass$397 $41 $152 $— $— $— $4,928 $5,518 
Special mention43 — — — — — — 43 
Classified— — — — — — — — 
Total$440 $41 $152 $— $— $— $4,928 $5,561 
Municipal & nonprofit
Pass$107 $185 $187 $78 $43 $917 $— $1,517 
Special mention— — — — — — — — 
Classified— — — — — — 
Total$107 $185 $187 $78 $43 $924 $— $1,524 
Tech & innovation
Pass$813 $374 $87 $66 $$$853 $2,198 
Special mention36 22 — — — 20 81 
Classified12 — — — — — 14 
Total$851 $408 $90 $66 $$$873 $2,293 
Equity fund resources
Pass$1,020 $1,189 $191 $16 $— $— $1,301 $3,717 
Special mention— — — — — — — — 
Classified— — — — — — — — 
Total$1,020 $1,189 $191 $16 $— $— $1,301 $3,717 
Other commercial and industrial
Pass$2,968 $1,272 $262 $277 $312 $206 $2,406 $7,703 
Special mention— 44 — — — — 47 
Classified21 10 43 
Total$2,971 $1,337 $272 $280 $315 $207 $2,411 $7,793 
CRE - owner occupied
Pass$338 $359 $174 $157 $211 $339 $29 $1,607 
Special mention— — — — — — 
Classified— 14 10 11 48 
Total$338 $373 $181 $158 $216 $350 $40 $1,656 
Hotel franchise finance
Pass$1,762 $726 $54 $528 $290 $103 $118 $3,581 
Special mention— — 26 — — — — 26 
Classified18 20 — 117 45 — — 200 
Total$1,780 $746 $80 $645 $335 $103 $118 $3,807 
Other CRE - non-owner occupied
Pass$2,344 $1,201 $870 $264 $160 $218 $315 $5,372 
Special mention38 — 12 — — 54 
Classified— — 12 10 — 31 
Total$2,347 $1,243 $870 $288 $170 $223 $316 $5,457 
Residential
Pass$4,041 $8,474 $878 $308 $150 $90 $36 $13,977 
Special mention— — — — — — — — 
Classified— — — 19 
Total$4,047 $8,483 $878 $311 $151 $90 $36 $13,996 
Residential - EBO
Pass$$268 $712 $454 $191 $256 $— $1,884 
Special mention— — — — — — — — 
Classified— — — — — — — — 
Total$$268 $712 $454 $191 $256 $— $1,884 
Term Loan Amortized Cost Basis by Origination YearRevolving Loans Amortized Cost BasisTotal
December 31, 202220222021202020192018Prior
(in millions)
Construction and land development
Pass$1,533 $815 $273 $14 $— $— $1,258 $3,893 
Special mention— — 98 — — — — 98 
Classified— — — — — — 
Total$1,533 $815 $371 $18 $— $— $1,258 $3,995 
Other
Pass$23 $10 $13 $$$61 $64 $178 
Special mention— — — — — — 
Classified— — — — — — — — 
Total$23 $10 $13 $$$62 $64 $179 
Total by Risk Category
Pass$15,349 $14,914 $3,853 $2,167 $1,363 $2,191 $11,308 $51,145 
Special mention82 104 127 12 — 24 351 
Classified29 80 17 140 64 23 13 366 
Total$15,460 $15,098 $3,997 $2,319 $1,427 $2,216 $11,345 $51,862 
Restructurings for Borrowers Experiencing Financial Difficulty
The Company adopted the amendments in ASU 2022-02, which eliminated accounting guidance on TDR loans for creditors and requires enhanced disclosures for loan modifications to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty made on or after January 1, 2023. See “Note 1. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies” of these Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for further discussion of the amendments in this update.
The following table presents the amortized cost basis of loans HFI that were modified during the year ended December 31, 2023 by loan portfolio segment:
Amortized Cost Basis at December 31, 2023
Payment Delay and Term ExtensionTerm ExtensionPayment DelayTotal% of Total Class of Financing Receivable
(dollars in millions)
Tech & innovation$1 $6 $8 $15 0.5 %
Other commercial and industrial 23 8 31 0.4 %
CRE - owner occupied 3  3 0.2 %
Hotel franchise finance 37  37 1.0 %
Other CRE - non-owner occupied 119  119 2.0 %
Residential  1 1 0.0 %
Total$1 $188 $17 $206 0.4 %
The performance of these modified loans is monitored for 12 months following the modification. As of December 31, 2023, modified loans on nonaccrual status totaled $111 million and the remaining $95 million were current with contractual payments.
In the normal course of business, the Company also modifies EBO loans, which are delinquent FHA, VA, or USDA insured or guaranteed loans repurchased under the terms of the GNMA MBS program and can be repooled or resold when loans are brought current. During the year ended December 31, 2023, the Company completed modifications of EBO loans with an amortized cost of $225 million. These modifications were largely payment delays and term extensions, or both.
Troubled Debt Restructurings
Prior to the adoption of ASU 2022-02, the Company accounted for a modification to the contractual terms of a loan that resulted in granting a concession to a borrower experiencing financial difficulties as a TDR. The loan terms that were modified or restructured due to a borrower’s financial situation included, but were not limited to, a reduction in the stated interest rate, an extension of the maturity or renewal of the loan at an interest rate below current market, a reduction in the face amount of the debt, a reduction in the accrued interest, or deferral of interest payments. The majority of the Company's modifications were extensions in terms or deferral of payments which resulted in no lost principal or interest. Consistent with regulatory guidance,
a TDR loan that was subsequently modified in another restructuring agreement but had shown sustained performance and classification as a TDR, was removed from TDR status provided that the modified terms were market-based at the time of modification.
The following table presents TDR loans by loan portfolio segment:
December 31, 2022
Number of LoansRecorded Investment
(dollars in millions)
Other commercial and industrial$
CRE - owner occupied
Hotel franchise finance10 
Other CRE - non-owner occupied
Total$14 
The ACL on TDR loans totaled $4 million as of December 31, 2022. There were no outstanding commitments on TDR loans as of December 31, 2022.
During the year ended December 31, 2022, the Company had three new TDR loans with a recorded investment of $11 million. No principal amounts were forgiven and there were no waived fees or other expenses that resulted from these TDR loans.
A TDR loan was deemed to have a payment default when it became past due 90 days under the modified terms, went on nonaccrual status, or was restructured again. Payment defaults, along with other qualitative indicators, were considered by management in the determination of the ACL. During the year ended December 31, 2022, there were no loans for which there was a payment default within 12 months following the modification.
Collateral-Dependent Loans
The following table presents the amortized cost basis of collateral-dependent loans by loan portfolio segment:
December 31,
2023December 31, 2022
Real Estate CollateralOther CollateralTotalReal Estate CollateralOther CollateralTotal
(in millions)
Municipal & nonprofit$ $6 $6 $— $$
Tech & innovation   — 
Other commercial and industrial 29 29 — 30 30 
CRE - owner occupied43  43 42 — 42 
Hotel franchise finance104  104 186 — 186 
Other CRE - non-owner occupied136  136 27 — 27 
Construction and land development71  71 — 
Total$354 $35 $389 $259 $43 $302 
The Company did not identify any significant changes in the extent to which collateral secures its collateral dependent loans, whether in the form of general deterioration or from other factors during the year ended December 31, 2023.
Allowance for Credit Losses
The ACL consists of the ACL on funded loans HFI and an ACL on unfunded loan commitments. The ACL on HTM securities is estimated separately from loans, see "Note 2. Investment Securities" of these Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for further discussion. Management considers the level of ACL to be a reasonable and supportable estimate of expected credit losses inherent within the Company's HFI loan portfolio as of December 31, 2023.
The below tables reflect the activity in the ACL on loans HFI by loan portfolio segment, which includes an estimate of future recoveries:
Year Ended December 31, 2023
Balance,
December 31, 2022
Provision for (Recovery of) Credit LossesCharge-offsRecoveriesBalance,
December 31, 2023
(in millions)
Warehouse lending$8.4 $(2.6)$ $ $5.8 
Municipal & nonprofit15.9 (1.2)  14.7 
Tech & innovation30.8 18.2 6.9  42.1 
Equity fund resources6.4 (5.1)  1.3 
Other commercial and industrial85.9 13.2 22.7 (5.0)81.4 
CRE - owner occupied7.1 (1.1)  6.0 
Hotel franchise finance46.9 (13.5)  33.4 
Other CRE - non-owner occupied47.4 53.8 5.2  96.0 
Residential30.4 (7.4) (0.1)23.1 
Residential - EBO     
Construction and land development27.4 3.0   30.4 
Other3.1 (0.4)0.4 (0.2)2.5 
Total$309.7 $56.9 $35.2 $(5.3)$336.7 
Year Ended December 31, 2022
Balance,
December 31, 2021
Provision for (Recovery of) Credit LossesCharge-offsRecoveriesBalance,
December 31, 2022
(in millions)
Warehouse lending$3.0 $5.4 $— $— $8.4 
Municipal & nonprofit13.7 2.2 — — 15.9 
Tech & innovation25.7 3.0 — (2.1)30.8 
Equity fund resources9.6 (3.2)— — 6.4 
Other commercial and industrial103.6 (14.4)8.5 (5.2)85.9 
CRE - owner occupied10.6 (3.6)— (0.1)7.1 
Hotel franchise finance41.5 5.4 — — 46.9 
Other CRE - non-owner occupied16.9 30.4 — (0.1)47.4 
Residential12.5 17.8 — (0.1)30.4 
Residential - EBO— — — — — 
Construction and land development12.5 15.3 0.5 (0.1)27.4 
Other2.9 0.4 0.3 (0.1)3.1 
Total$252.5 $58.7 $9.3 $(7.8)$309.7 
Accrued interest receivable of $281 million and $304 million at December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively, was excluded from the estimate of credit losses. Whereas, accrued interest receivable related to the Company's Residential-EBO loan portfolio segment was included in the estimate of credit losses and had an allowance of $4 million and $9 million as of December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. Accrued interest receivable, net of any allowance, is included in Other assets on the Consolidated Balance Sheet.
In addition to the ACL on funded loans HFI, the Company maintains a separate ACL related to off-balance sheet credit exposures, including unfunded loan commitments. This allowance is included in Other liabilities on the Consolidated Balance Sheets.
The below table reflects the activity in the ACL on unfunded loan commitments:
Year Ended December 31,
20232022
(in millions)
Balance, beginning of period$47.0 $37.6 
(Recovery of) provision for credit losses (15.4)9.4 
Balance, end of period $31.6 $47.0 
The following tables disaggregate the Company's ACL on funded loans HFI and loan balances by measurement methodology:
December 31, 2023
LoansAllowance
Collectively Evaluated for Credit LossIndividually Evaluated for Credit LossTotalCollectively Evaluated for Credit LossIndividually Evaluated for Credit LossTotal
(in millions)
Warehouse lending$6,618 $ $6,618 $5.8 $ $5.8 
Municipal & nonprofit1,548 6 1,554 13.7 1.0 14.7 
Tech & innovation2,729 79 2,808 38.3 3.8 42.1 
Equity fund resources845  845 1.3  1.3 
Other commercial and industrial7,362 90 7,452 64.6 16.8 81.4 
CRE - owner occupied1,613 45 1,658 6.0  6.0 
Hotel franchise finance3,708 147 3,855 33.4  33.4 
Other CRE - non-owner occupied5,838 136 5,974 96.0  96.0 
Residential13,287  13,287 23.1  23.1 
Residential EBO1,223  1,223    
Construction and land development4,791 71 4,862 30.4  30.4 
Other161  161 2.5  2.5 
Total$49,723 $574 $50,297 $315.1 $21.6 $336.7 
December 31, 2022
LoansAllowance
Collectively Evaluated for Credit LossIndividually Evaluated for Credit LossTotalCollectively Evaluated for Credit LossIndividually Evaluated for Credit LossTotal
(in millions)
Warehouse lending$5,561 $— $5,561 $8.4 $— $8.4 
Municipal & nonprofit1,517 1,524 13.4 2.5 15.9 
Tech & innovation2,280 13 2,293 30.3 0.5 30.8 
Equity fund resources3,717 — 3,717 6.4 — 6.4 
Other commercial and industrial7,754 39 7,793 80.4 5.5 85.9 
CRE - owner occupied1,612 44 1,656 7.1 — 7.1 
Hotel franchise finance3,607 200 3,807 44.7 2.2 46.9 
Other CRE - non-owner occupied5,428 29 5,457 47.4 — 47.4 
Residential13,996 — 13,996 30.4 — 30.4 
Residential EBO1,884 — 1,884 — — — 
Construction and land development3,991 3,995 27.4 — 27.4 
Other179 — 179 3.1 — 3.1 
Total$51,526 $336 $51,862 $299.0 $10.7 $309.7 
Loan Purchases and Sales
Loan purchases during the year ended December 31, 2023 totaled $1.6 billion, which primarily consisted of commercial and industrial and residential loans, compared to $8.8 billion during the year ended December 31, 2022, which primarily consisted of residential loan purchases. There were no loans purchased with more-than-insignificant deterioration in credit quality during the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022.
During the year ended December 31, 2023, the Company transferred $6.7 billion of loans HFI (primarily commercial and industrial loans) to HFS as part of its balance sheet repositioning strategy. The loans were transferred to HFS net of a fair value loss adjustment of $122.5 million. The Company completed loan dispositions from this HFS loan pool totaling $4.3 billion through December 31, 2023 and transferred all remaining loans in this pool back to HFI as a result of a change in management intent. During the year ended December 31, 2022, the Company sold loans with a carrying value of $780 million and recognized a net loss of $8.4 million on these loan sales.
v3.24.0.1
Mortgage Servicing Rights
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2023
Transfers and Servicing [Abstract]  
Mortgage Servicing Rights
5. MORTGAGE SERVICING RIGHTS
The following table presents the changes in fair value of the Company's MSR portfolio related to its mortgage banking business and other information related to its servicing portfolio:
Year Ended December 31,
20232022
(in millions)
Balance, beginning of period$1,148 $698 
Additions from loans sold with servicing rights retained865 720 
Carrying value of MSRs sold(800)(350)
Change in fair value11 192 
Mark to market adjustments4 — 
Realization of cash flows(104)(112)
Balance, end of period$1,124 $1,148 
Unpaid principal balance of mortgage loans serviced for others$68,647 $70,849 
Changes in the fair value of MSRs are recorded as Net loan servicing revenue in the Consolidated Income Statement. Due to the regulatory capital impact of MSRs on capital ratios, the Company sells certain MSRs and related servicing advances in the normal course of business. The Company may also sell excess servicing spread related to certain mortgage loans serviced by the Company. During the year ended December 31, 2023, MSR sales had an aggregate net sales price of $800 million and the UPB of loans underlying these sales totaled $60.1 billion. During the year ended December 31, 2022, the Company completed sales of MSRs and related servicing advances with an aggregate net sales price of $350 million and UPB of loans underlying these sales of $24.1 billion. As of December 31, 2023 and 2022, the Company had a remaining receivable balance of $41 million and $39 million, respectively, related to holdbacks on MSR sales for servicing transfers, which are recorded in Other assets on the Consolidated Balance Sheet.
The Company receives loan servicing fees, net of subservicing costs, based on the UPB of the underlying loans. Loan servicing fees are collected from payments made by borrowers. The Company may receive other remuneration from rights to various borrower contracted fees, such as late charges, collateral reconveyance charges, and non-sufficient funds fees. Contractually specified servicing fees, late fees, and ancillary income associated with the Company's MSR portfolio totaled $233.7 million and $194.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively, which are recorded as Net loan servicing revenue in the Consolidated Income Statement.
In accordance with its contractual loan servicing obligations, the Company is required to advance funds to or on behalf of investors when borrowers do not make payments. The Company advances property taxes and insurance premiums for borrowers who have insufficient funds in escrow accounts, plus any other costs to preserve real estate properties. The Company may also advance funds to maintain, repair, and market foreclosed real estate properties. The Company is entitled to recover all or a portion of the advances from borrowers of reinstated and performing loans, from the proceeds of liquidated properties or from the government agency or GSE guarantor of charged-off loans. Servicing advances are charged-off when they are deemed to be uncollectible. As of December 31, 2023 and 2022, net servicing advances totaled $87 million and $102 million, respectively, which are recorded as Other assets on the Consolidated Balance Sheet.
The following table presents the effect of hypothetical changes in the fair value of MSRs caused by assumed immediate changes in interest rates, discount rates, and prepayment speeds that are used to determine fair value:
December 31, 2023
(in millions)
Fair value of mortgage servicing rights$1,124 
Increase (decrease) in fair value resulting from:
Interest rate change of 50 basis points
Adverse change(67)
Favorable change62 
Discount rate change of 50 basis points
Increase(21)
Decrease22 
Conditional prepayment rate change of 1%
Increase(32)
Decrease35 
Cost to service change of 10%
Increase(14)
Decrease14 
Sensitivities are hypothetical changes in fair value and cannot be extrapolated because the relationship of changes in assumptions to changes in fair value may not be linear. In addition, the offsetting effect of hedging activities are not contemplated in these results and further, the effect of a variation in a particular assumption is calculated without changing any other assumptions, whereas a change in one factor may result in changes to another. Accordingly, no assurance can be given that actual results would be consistent with the results of these estimates. As a result, actual future changes in MSR values may differ significantly from those reported.
v3.24.0.1
Premises and Equipment
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2023
Property, Plant and Equipment [Abstract]  
Premises and Equipment
6. PREMISES AND EQUIPMENT
 The following is a summary of the major categories of premises and equipment:
 December 31,
 20232022
 (in millions)
Bank premises$96 $95 
Construction in progress82 60 
Furniture, fixtures, and equipment108 97 
Land and improvements32 32 
Leasehold improvements85 66 
Software142 83 
Total545 433 
Accumulated depreciation and amortization(206)(157)
Premises and equipment, net$339 $276 
Depreciation and amortization expense totaled $49.5 million, $31.8 million, and $20.7 million for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022, and 2021, respectively.
v3.24.0.1
Leases
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2023
Leases [Abstract]  
Leases
7. LEASES
The Company has operating leases under which it leases its branch offices, corporate headquarters, and other offices. As of December 31, 2023, and 2022, the Company's operating lease ROU asset totaled $145 million and $163 million, respectively, and operating lease liability totaled $179 million and $185 million, respectively. A weighted average discount rate of 2.96%, 2.81%, and 2.14% was used in the measurement of the ROU asset and lease liability as of December 31, 2023, 2022, and 2021 respectively.
The Company's leases have remaining lease terms of one to 10 years, with a weighted average lease term of 6.6 years, 7.4 years, and 7.5 years at December 31, 2023, 2022, 2021, respectively. Some leases include multiple five-year renewal options. The Company’s decision to exercise these renewal options is based on an assessment of its current business needs and market factors at the time of the renewal. The Company has no leases for which the option to renew is reasonably certain and therefore, options to renew were not factored into the calculation of its ROU asset and lease liability as of December 31, 2023.
The following is a schedule of the Company's operating lease liabilities by contractual maturity as of December 31, 2023:
(in millions)
2024$31 
202533 
202629 
202726 
202825 
Thereafter55 
Total lease payments$199 
Less: imputed interest20 
Total present value of lease liabilities$179 
The Company has no additional operating leases that will commence within the next 12 months.
Total operating lease costs of $28.8 million and other lease costs of $4.9 million, which include common area maintenance, parking, and taxes during the year ended December 31, 2023, were included as part of Occupancy expense in the Consolidated Income Statement. For the year ended December 31, 2022, operating lease costs and other lease costs totaled $25.4 million and $4.0 million, respectively, and for the year ended December 31, 2021, totaled $18.8 million and $3.8 million, respectively. Short-term lease costs were not material for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022, and 2021.
The below table shows the supplemental cash flow information related to the Company's operating leases:
Year Ended December 31,
202320222021
(in millions)
Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of operating lease liabilities$19.3 $15.1 $16.3 
Right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for new operating lease liabilities6.3 51.6 76.7 
v3.24.0.1
Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2023
Goodwill and Intangible Assets Disclosure [Abstract]  
Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets
8. GOODWILL AND OTHER INTANGIBLE ASSETS
Goodwill represents the excess consideration paid for net assets acquired in a business combination over their fair value. Goodwill and other intangible assets acquired in a business combination that are determined to have an indefinite useful life are not subject to amortization, but are subsequently evaluated for impairment at least annually. The Company performs its annual goodwill and intangibles impairment tests as of October 1 each year, or more often if events or circumstances indicate the carrying value may not be recoverable.
During the year ended December 31, 2023, the Company performed an interim Step 0 goodwill impairment assessment as of each interim quarter end date, based on the industry disruption from the bank failures in 2023. The Step 0 assessment included assessing the financial performance of the Company and analyzing qualitative factors applicable to the Company. As of each interim assessment date, management concluded that the long-term financial performance of the Company was not significantly altered as a result of these events or circumstances. Accordingly, it was determined that it was more likely than not the fair value of the Company and its reporting units exceeded their respective carrying values as of each interim assessment date.
The Company elected to perform a Step 1 goodwill impairment assessment as of October 1, 2023, which involved the determination of the fair value of the Company’s reporting units by employing both an income and a market approach. The income approach utilized the reporting units’ forecasted cash flows (including a terminal value approach to estimate cash flows beyond the final year of the forecast) and the reporting units’ estimated cost of equity as the discount rate to estimate value. Forecasted cash flows included estimates of earnings projections, growth, and credit loss expectations. The market approach relied upon valuation multiples derived from stock prices and enterprise values of publicly traded companies and also incorporated a control premium to develop an estimate of value. Based on the results of the Company's goodwill impairment assessment as of October 1, 2023, the Company determined the fair value of its reporting units exceeded their respective carrying values. In addition, the Company's annual intangibles impairment assessment also indicated intangible assets were not impaired. Therefore, no impairment charges related to the Company's goodwill and intangible assets were recorded during the year ended December 31, 2023. Based on the Company's annual goodwill and intangibles impairment tests as of October 1 during the years ended December 31, 2022, and 2021, it was determined that goodwill and intangible assets were not impaired.
Below is a summary of the Company's goodwill by reporting unit:
December 31,
20232022
(in millions)
Commercial banking (1)$290 $290 
Mortgage banking (2)200 200 
Legal banking (3)37 37 
Total$527 $527 
(1)    This reporting unit offers a standard suite of commercial banking products and services through its traditional branch network, working together with the Company's national platform to provide specialized financial services, and is included within the Company's Commercial reportable segment.
(2)    This reporting unit offers mortgage lending products and services and is included within the Company's Consumer Related reportable segment.
(3)    This reporting unit provides specialized banking services to law firms and claims administrators, including settlement payment solutions, and is included within the Company's Consumer Related reportable segment.
The following is a summary of the Company's acquired intangible assets:
December 31, 2023December 31, 2022
Gross Carrying AmountAccumulated AmortizationNet Carrying AmountGross Carrying AmountAccumulated AmortizationNet Carrying Amount
(in millions)
Subject to amortization
Core deposits$14 $12 $2 $14 $11 $
Correspondent customer relationships76 10 66 76 69 
Customer relationships18 6 12 18 15 
Developed technology4 2 2 
Operating licenses56 4 52 56 54 
Trade names10 2 8 10 
Total intangible assets subject to amortization$178 $36 $142 $178 $25 $153 
As of December 31, 2023, the Company's intangible assets had a weighted average estimated useful life of 23.7 years. Amortization expense recognized on amortizable intangibles totaled $10.5 million, $10.4 million, and $6.1 million for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022, and 2021, respectively.
Below is a summary of future estimated aggregate amortization expense as of December 31, 2023:
 (in millions)
2024$10 
202510 
20269 
20278 
20288 
Thereafter97 
Total$142 
v3.24.0.1
Deposits
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2023
Deposit [Abstract]  
Deposits
9. DEPOSITS
The table below summarizes deposits by type: 
 December 31,
 20232022
 (in millions)
Non-interest-bearing demand deposits$14,520 $19,691 
Interest-bearing transaction accounts15,916 9,507 
Savings and money market accounts14,791 19,397 
Time certificates of deposit ($250,000 or more) (1)1,478 1,101 
Other time deposits8,628 3,948 
Total deposits$55,333 $53,644 
(1)    Retail brokered time deposits over $250,000 of $5.8 billion and $2.7 billion as of December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively, are included within Other time deposits as these deposits are generally participated out by brokers in shares below the FDIC insurance limit.
The summary of the contractual maturities for all time deposits as of December 31, 2023 is as follows: 
(in millions)
2024$9,092 
20251,007 
20266 
20271 
Total$10,106 
Brokered deposits provide an additional source of deposits and are placed with the Bank through third-party brokers. At December 31, 2023 and 2022, the Company held wholesale brokered deposits of $6.6 billion and $4.8 billion, respectively, excluding reciprocal deposits. In addition, WAB is a participant in the IntraFi Network, a network that offers deposit placement services such as CDARS and ICS, and other reciprocal deposit networks which offer products that qualify large deposits for FDIC insurance. At December 31, 2023, the Company had $13.3 billion of reciprocal deposits, compared to $2.8 billion at December 31, 2022. These reciprocal deposit structures offer protection to depositors by fulling insuring deposits with other network banks and also provides the Company with funding stability and drove the increase in the Company's insured deposit ratio from December 31, 2022.
In addition, deposits for which the Company provides account holders with earnings credits or referral fees totaled $17.8 billion and $12.9 billion at December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. The Company incurred $422.5 million, $162.8 million, and $27.4 million in deposit related costs on these deposits during the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022, and 2021, respectively. These costs are reported as Deposit costs in non-interest expense in the Consolidated Income Statement. The increase in these costs from the prior years is due to an increase in average earnings credit rates as well as an increase in average deposit balances eligible for earnings credits or referral fees.
v3.24.0.1
Other Borrowings
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2023
Debt Disclosure [Abstract]  
Other Borrowings
10. OTHER BORROWINGS
The following table summarizes the Company’s borrowings by type: 
December 31,
20232022
(in millions)
Short-Term:
Federal funds purchased$175 $640 
FHLB advances6,200 4,300 
Warehouse borrowings376 — 
Repurchase agreements6 27 
Secured borrowings27 25 
Total short-term borrowings$6,784 $4,992 
Long-Term:
AmeriHome senior notes, net of fair value adjustment$ $315 
Credit linked notes, net446 992 
Total long-term borrowings$446 $1,307 
Total other borrowings$7,230 $6,299 
Short-Term Borrowings
Federal Funds Lines of Credit
The Company maintains overnight federal fund lines of credit totaling $1.1 billion as of December 31, 2023, which have rates comparable to the federal funds effective rate plus 0.10% to 0.20%.
FHLB and FRB Advances
The Company also maintains secured overnight lines of credit with the FHLB and the FRB. The Company’s borrowing capacity is determined based on collateral pledged, generally consisting of investment securities and loans, at the time of the borrowing. As of December 31, 2023 and 2022, the Company had additional available credit with the FHLB of approximately $6.1 billion and $6.8 billion, respectively. The weighted average rate on FHLB advances was 5.67% and 4.70% as of December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively.
In March 2023, the FRB established the BTFP which offered loans of up to one year in length to banks, savings associations, credit unions, and other eligible depository institutions pledging U.S. Treasuries, agency debt and mortgage-backed securities, and other qualifying assets as collateral valued at par. The rate for BTFP advances was the one-year overnight index swap rate plus 10 basis points and is fixed for the term of the advance. The Company drew $1.3 billion from the BTFP during the first quarter of 2023, all of which was repaid as of December 31, 2023. Total available credit with the FRB totaled $16.7 billion and $5.2 billion as of December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively.
Warehouse Borrowings
Warehouse borrowing lines of credit are used to finance the acquisition of loans through the use of repurchase agreements. Repurchase agreements operate as financings under which the Company transfers loans to secure these borrowings. The borrowing amounts are based on the attributes of the collateralized loans and are defined in the repurchase agreement of each warehouse lender. The Company retains beneficial ownership of the transferred loans and will receive the loans from the lender upon full repayment of the borrowing. The repurchase agreements may require the Company to transfer additional assets to the lender in the event the estimated fair value of the existing transferred loans declines.
As of December 31, 2023, the Company had access to approximately $3.0 billion in uncommitted warehouse funding, of which $376 million was drawn at a weighted average borrowing rate of 6.72%. There were no warehouse borrowings outstanding at December 31, 2022.
Repurchase Agreements
Other repurchase facilities include CLO securities, EBO loan, and customer repurchase agreements. The total carrying value of repurchase agreements was $6 million and $27 million as of December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively.
Secured Borrowings
Secured borrowings consist of transfers of loans HFS not qualifying for sales accounting treatment. The weighted average interest rate on secured borrowings was 6.10% and 6.39% as of December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively.
Long-Term Borrowings
AmeriHome Senior Notes
Prior to the Company's acquisition of AmeriHome, in October 2020, AmeriHome issued senior notes with an aggregate principal amount of $300 million, maturing on October 26, 2028. The senior notes accrued interest at a rate of 6.50% per annum, paid semiannually. The carrying amount of the senior notes included a fair value adjustment (premium) of $19.3 million recognized as of the acquisition date that was being amortized over the term of the notes.
The senior notes contained provisions that allowed for early redemption of the notes at a premium to the outstanding principal amount. This early redemption premium was not imposed as part of the Company's payoff of these notes during the year ended December 31, 2023 and the Company recognized a gain on extinguishment of debt of $39.3 million related to the payoff.
Credit Linked Notes
The Company entered into credit linked note transactions that effectively transferred the risk of first losses on certain pools of the Company’s warehouse and equity fund resource loans to the purchasers of these notes. In the event of a failure to pay by the relevant obligor, insolvency of the relevant obligor, or restructuring of such loans that results in a loss on a loan included in any of the reference pools, the principal balance of the notes will be reduced to the extent of such loss and a gain on recovery of credit guarantees will be recognized within non-interest income in the Consolidated Income Statement. The purchasers of the notes have the option to acquire the underlying reference loan in the event of obligor default. There have been no historical losses on the warehouse lines of credit and equity fund resource loans.
The Company also entered into credit linked note transactions that effectively transfer the risk of first losses on reference pools of the Company's loans purchased under its residential mortgage purchase program to the purchasers of the notes. The principal and interest payable on these notes may be reduced by a portion of the Company's loss on such loans if one of the following occurs with respect to a covered loan: (i) realized losses incurred by the Company on a loan following a liquidation of the loan or certain other events, or (ii) a modification of the loan resulting in a reduction in payments. The aggregate losses, if any, for each payment date will be allocated to reduce the class principal amount and (for modifications) the current interest of the notes in reverse order of class priority. Losses on residential mortgages have not generally been significant.
The Company's outstanding credit linked note issuances are detailed in the tables below:
December 31, 2023
DescriptionIssuance DateMaturity DateInterest RatePrincipalDebt Issuance Costs
(in millions)
Residential mortgage loans (1)December 12, 2022October 25, 2052
SOFR + 7.80%
$90 $2 
Residential mortgage loans (2)June 30, 2022April 25, 2052
SOFR + 6.00%
179 3 
Residential mortgage loans (4)December 29, 2021July 25, 2059
SOFR + 4.67%
191 3 
Total$460 $8 
December 31, 2022
DescriptionIssuance DateMaturity DateInterest RatePrincipalDebt Issuance Costs
(in millions)
Residential mortgage loans (1)December 12, 2022October 25, 2052
SOFR + 7.80%
$95 $
Residential mortgage loans (2)June 30, 2022April 25, 2052
SOFR + 6.00%
189 
Equity fund resource loans (3)June 23, 2022June 30, 2028
SOFR + 6.75%
300 
Residential mortgage loans (4)December 29, 2021July 25, 2059
SOFR + 4.67%
202 
Warehouse loans (5)June 28, 2021December 30, 2024
LIBOR + 5.50%
242 
Total$1,028 $14 
(1)    There are multiple classes of these notes, each with an interest rate of SOFR plus a spread that ranges from 2.25% to 11.00% (or, a weighted average spread of 7.80%) on a reference pool balance of $1.8 billion and $1.9 billion as of December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively.
(2)    There are multiple classes of these notes, each with an interest rate of SOFR plus a spread that ranges from 2.25% to 15.00% (or, a weighted average spread of 6.00%) on a reference pool balance of $3.6 billion and $3.8 billion as of December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively.
(3)    These notes had a reference pool balance of $1.6 billion as of December 31, 2022.
(4)    There are six classes of these notes, each with an interest rate of SOFR plus a spread that ranges from 3.15% to 8.50% (or, a weighted average spread of 4.67%) on a reference pool balance of $3.8 billion and $4.0 billion as of December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively.
(5)    These notes had a reference pool balance of $689 million as of December 31, 2022.
During the year ended December 31, 2023, the Company recognized a gain on extinguishment of debt of $13.4 million related to the payoff of the credit linked notes on its warehouse and equity fund resource loans.
v3.24.0.1
Qualifying Debt
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2023
Debt Disclosure [Abstract]  
Qualifying Debt
11. QUALIFYING DEBT
Subordinated Debt
The Company's subordinated debt issuances are detailed in the tables below:
December 31, 2023
DescriptionIssuance DateMaturity DateInterest RatePrincipalDebt Issuance Costs
(in millions)
WAL fixed-to-variable-rate (1)June 2021June 15, 20313.00 %$600 $6 
WAB fixed-to-variable-rate (2)May 2020June 1, 20305.25 %225 1 
Total$825 $7 
December 31, 2022
DescriptionIssuance DateMaturity DateInterest RatePrincipalDebt Issuance Costs
(in millions)
WAL fixed-to-variable-rate (1)June 2021June 15, 20313.00 %$600 $
WAB fixed-to-variable-rate (2)May 2020June 1, 20305.25 %225 
Total$825 $
(1)    Notes are redeemable, in whole or in part, beginning on June 15, 2026 at their principal amount plus accrued and unpaid interest and has a fixed interest rate of 3.00%. The notes also convert to a variable rate of three-month SOFR plus 225 basis points on this date.
(2)    Debt is redeemable, in whole or in part, on or after June 1, 2025 at its principal amount plus accrued and unpaid interest and has a fixed interest rate of 5.25% through June 1, 2025 and then converts to a variable rate per annum equal to three-month SOFR plus 512 basis points.
The carrying value of all subordinated debt issuances totaled $818 million and $817 million at December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively.
Junior Subordinated Debt
The Company has formed, or acquired through acquisition, eight statutory business trusts which exist for the exclusive purpose of issuing Cumulative Trust Preferred Securities.
With the exception of debt issued by Bridge Capital Trust I and Bridge Capital Trust II, junior subordinated debt is recorded at fair value at each reporting date due to the FVO election made by the Company under ASC 825. The Company did not make the FVO election for the junior subordinated debt acquired in the Bridge acquisition. Accordingly, the carrying value of these trusts does not reflect the current fair value of the debt and includes a fair market value adjustment established at acquisition that is being accreted over the remaining life of the trusts.
The carrying value of junior subordinated debt was $77 million and $76 million as of December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively, with maturity dates ranging from 2033 through 2037. The weighted average interest rate of all junior subordinated debt as of December 31, 2023 was 7.93%, which is equal to three-month Term SOFR plus an adjustment of 0.26% and the contractual spread of 2.34%, compared to a weighted average interest rate of 7.11% at December 31, 2022, which was based on three-month LIBOR.
In the event of certain changes or amendments to regulatory requirements or federal tax rules, the debt is redeemable in whole. The obligations under these instruments are fully and unconditionally guaranteed by the Company and rank subordinate and junior in right of payment to all other liabilities of the Company. Based on guidance issued by the FRB, the Company's securities continue to qualify as Tier 1 Capital.
v3.24.0.1
Stockholders' Equity
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2023
Stockholders' Equity Note [Abstract]  
Stockholders' Equity
12. STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY
Stock-Based Compensation
Restricted Stock Awards
The Incentive Plan, as amended, gives the BOD the authority to grant up to 14.6 million in stock awards consisting of unrestricted stock, stock units, dividend equivalent rights, stock options (incentive and non-qualified), stock appreciation rights, restricted stock, and performance and annual incentive awards. The Incentive Plan limits the maximum number of shares of common stock that may be awarded to any person eligible for an award to 300,000 per calendar year and also limits the total compensation (cash and stock) that can be awarded to a non-employee director to $600,000 in any calendar year. Stock awards available for grant at December 31, 2023 were 4.9 million.
Restricted stock awards granted to employees generally vest over a 3-year period and stock grants made to non-employee WAL directors generally vest over six months. The Company estimates the compensation cost for stock grants based upon the grant date fair value. Stock compensation expense is recognized on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period for the entire award. Stock compensation expense related to restricted stock awards granted to employees is included in Salaries and employee benefits in the Consolidated Income Statement. For restricted stock awards granted to WAL directors, the related stock compensation expense is included in Legal, professional, and directors' fees. For the year ended December 31, 2023, the Company recognized $32.7 million in stock-based compensation expense related to these stock grants, compared to $28.7 million and $22.9 million for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively.
In addition, the Company previously granted shares of restricted stock to certain members of executive management with both performance and service conditions that affected vesting. The last of these performance-based restricted stock grants was made in 2017, however expense was still being recognized through June 30, 2021, the end of the vesting period. The Company recognized $0.6 million in stock-based compensation expense related to these stock grants in 2021.
A summary of the status of the Company’s unvested shares of restricted stock and changes during the years then ended is presented below: 
 December 31,
 20232022
 SharesWeighted Average Grant Date Fair ValueSharesWeighted Average Grant Date Fair Value
 (in millions, except per share amounts)
Balance, beginning of period0.9 $84.16 0.9 $63.53 
Granted0.6 72.32 0.5 97.61 
Vested(0.3)65.59 (0.4)52.00 
Forfeited(0.1)82.46 (0.1)79.09 
Balance, end of period1.1 $83.19 0.9 $84.16 
The total weighted average grant date fair value of all stock awards granted during the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022, and 2021 was $45.5 million, $42.8 million, and $35.4 million, respectively. The total fair value of restricted stock that vested during the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022, and 2021 was $22.9 million, $35.8 million, and $34.2 million, respectively.
As of December 31, 2023, there was $39.0 million of total unrecognized compensation cost related to unvested share-based compensation arrangements granted under the Incentive Plan. That cost is expected to be recognized over a weighted average period of 1.8 years.
Performance Stock Units
The Company grants performance stock units to members of its executive management that do not vest unless the Company achieves a specified cumulative EPS target and a TSR performance measure over a three-year performance period. The number of shares issued will vary based on the cumulative EPS target and relative TSR performance factor achieved. The Company estimates the cost of performance stock units based upon the grant date fair value and expected vesting percentage over the three-year performance period. For the year ended December 31, 2023, the Company recognized $1.6 million in stock-based compensation expense related to these performance stock units, compared to $11.1 million and $11.2 million in stock-based compensation expense for such units during the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively. The decrease in stock-based compensation for these units for the year ended December 31, 2023 related to revised performance expectations on the outstanding awards.
The three-year performance period for the 2021 grant ended on December 31, 2023, and based on the Company's cumulative EPS and TSR performance measure for the performance period, these shares vested at 168% of the target award under the terms of the grant. As a result, 133,220 shares became fully vested and will be distributed to executive management in the first quarter of 2024.
The three-year performance period for the 2020 grant ended on December 31, 2022, and based on the Company's cumulative EPS and TSR performance measure for the performance period, these shares vested at 180% of the target award under the terms of the grant. As a result, 157,784 shares became fully vested and distributed to executive management in the first quarter of 2023.
The three-year performance period for the 2019 grant ended on December 31, 2021, and the Company's cumulative EPS and TSR performance measure for the performance period exceeded the level required for a maximum award under the terms of the grant. As a result, 203,646 shares became fully vested and were distributed to executive management in the first quarter of 2022.
Preferred Stock
The Company has 12,000,000 depositary shares outstanding, each representing a 1/400th ownership interest in a share of the Company’s 4.250% Fixed-Rate Reset Non-Cumulative Perpetual Preferred Shares, Series A, par value $0.0001 per share, with a liquidation preference of $25 per depositary share (equivalent to $10,000 per share of Series A preferred stock). During each of the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, the Company declared and paid a quarterly cash dividend of $0.27 per depositary share, for a total dividend payment to preferred stockholders of $12.8 million. The Company paid a dividend of $3.5 million to preferred stockholders during the year ended December 31, 2021.
Common Stock Issuances
Pursuant to ATM Distribution Agreement
During the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, the Company sold 1.9 million and 3.1 million shares, respectively, under the ATM program for gross proceeds of $158.7 million (weighted-average selling price of $83.89 per share) and $333.4 million (weighted-average selling price of $106.41 per share), respectively. Related offering costs totaled $1.0 million and $2.3 million for the year ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively, substantially all of which related to compensation costs paid to the distribution agents. There were no sales under the ATM program during the year ended December 31, 2023 and the remaining number of shares that can be sold under this agreement totaled 1,107,769 as of December 31, 2023.
Registered Direct Offering
The Company sold 2.3 million shares of its common stock in a registered direct offering during the year ended December 31, 2021. The shares were sold for $91.00 per share for aggregate net proceeds of $209.2 million.
Cash Dividend on Common Shares
During the year ended December 31, 2023, the Company declared and paid quarterly cash dividends of $0.36 per share for the first three quarters of the year and increased the quarterly cash dividend to $0.37 per share in the fourth quarter, for a total dividend payment to stockholders of $158.7 million. During the year ended December 31, 2022, the Company declared and paid a quarterly cash dividend of $0.35 per share for the first two quarters of the year and increased the quarterly cash dividend to $0.36 per share for the last two quarters of the year, for a total dividend payment to stockholders of $153.4 million. During the year ended December 31, 2021, the Company declared and paid a quarterly cash dividend of $0.25 per share for the first two quarters of the year and increased the quarterly cash dividend to $0.35 per share for the last two quarters of the year, for a total dividend payment to stockholders of $124.1 million.
Treasury Shares
Treasury share purchases represent shares surrendered to the Company equal in value to the statutory payroll tax withholding obligations arising from the vesting of employee restricted stock awards. During the year ended December 31, 2023, the Company purchased treasury shares of 152,452 at a weighted average price of $72.27 per share, compared to 200,745 shares at a weighted average price per share of $92.21 in 2022, and 180,607 shares at a weighted average price per share of $86.63 in 2021.
v3.24.0.1
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2023
Equity [Abstract]  
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)
13. ACCUMULATED OTHER COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS)
The following table summarizes the changes in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) by component, net of tax: 
Unrealized holding gains (losses) on AFS securitiesUnrealized holding losses on SERPUnrealized holding gains (losses) on junior subordinated debtImpairment loss on securitiesTotal
(in millions)
Balance, December 31, 2020$92.1 $(0.3)$(0.5)$— $92.3 
Other comprehensive loss before reclassifications(69.0)— (1.2)— (70.2)
Amounts reclassified from AOCI(6.4)— — — (6.4)
Net current-period other comprehensive (loss) income(75.4)— (1.2)— 76.6 
Balance, December 31, 2021$16.7 $(0.3)$(0.7)$— $15.7 
Other comprehensive (loss) income before reclassifications(674.9)— 3.7 — (671.2)
Amounts reclassified from AOCI(5.5)— — — (5.5)
Net current-period other comprehensive (loss) income(680.4)— 3.7 — (676.7)
Balance, December 31, 2022$(663.7)$(0.3)$3.0 $— $(661.0)
Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications116.9  (0.2)1.2 117.9 
Amounts reclassified from AOCI30.2    30.2 
Net current-period other comprehensive income (loss)147.1  (0.2)1.2 148.1 
Balance, December 31, 2023$(516.6)$(0.3)$2.8 $1.2 $(512.9)
The following table presents reclassifications out of AOCI: 
Year Ended December 31,
Income Statement Classification202320222021
(in millions)
(Loss) gain on sales of AFS debt securities, net$(40.4)$7.4 $8.5 
Income tax benefit (expense)10.2 (1.9)(2.1)
Net of tax$(30.2)$5.5 $6.4 
v3.24.0.1
Derivatives and Hedging Activities
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2023
Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities Disclosure [Abstract]  
Derivatives and Hedging Activities
14. DERIVATIVES AND HEDGING ACTIVITIES
The Company is a party to various derivative instruments. The primary types of derivatives the Company uses are interest rate contracts, forward purchase and sale commitments, and interest rate futures. Generally, these instruments are used to help manage the Company's exposure to interest rate risk related to IRLCs and its inventory of loans HFS and MSRs and also to meet client financing and hedging needs.
Derivatives are recorded at fair value on the Consolidated Balance Sheet, after taking into account the effects of bilateral collateral and master netting agreements. These agreements allow the Company to settle all derivative contracts held with the same counterparty on a net basis, and to offset net derivative positions with related cash collateral, where applicable.
As of December 31, 2023, 2022, and 2021, the Company did not have any outstanding cash flow hedges.
Derivatives Designated in Hedge Relationships
The Company utilizes derivatives that have been designated as part of a hedge relationship in accordance with the applicable accounting guidance to minimize the exposure to changes in benchmark interest rates, which reduces asset sensitivity and volatility of net interest income and EVE to interest rate fluctuations, such that interest rate risk falls within Board approved limits. The primary derivative instruments used to manage interest rate risk are interest rate swaps, which convert the contractual interest rate index of agreed-upon amounts of assets and liabilities (i.e., notional amounts) from either a fixed rate to a variable rate, or from a variable rate to a fixed rate.
The Company has pay fixed/receive variable interest rate swaps designated as fair value hedges of certain fixed rate loans. As a result, the Company receives variable-rate interest payments in exchange for making fixed-rate payments over the lives of the contracts without exchanging the notional amounts. The variable-rate interest payments were based on LIBOR and were converted to SOFR plus a spread adjustment upon the discontinuation of LIBOR in June 2023.
The Company also has pay fixed/receive variable interest rate swaps, designated as fair value hedges using the portfolio layer method to manage the exposure to changes in fair value associated with pools of fixed rate loans, resulting from changes in the designated benchmark interest rate (federal funds rate). These portfolio layer hedges provide the Company the ability to execute a fair value hedge of the interest rate risk associated with a portfolio of similar prepayable assets whereby the last dollar amount estimated to remain in the portfolio of assets was identified as the hedged item. Under these interest rate swap contracts, the Company received a variable rate and paid a fixed rate on the outstanding notional amount.
The Company also had pay fixed/receive variable interest rate swaps, designated as fair value hedges using the last-of-layer method. Upon termination of these last-of-layer hedges in 2022, the cumulative basis adjustment on these hedges was allocated across the remaining loan pool and is being amortized over the remaining term. At December 31, 2023, the remaining cumulative basis adjustment on the terminated last-of-layer hedges totaled $9 million.
Derivatives Not Designated in Hedge Relationships
Management enters into certain foreign exchange derivative contracts, back-to-back interest rate contracts, and risk participation agreements which are not designated as accounting hedges. Foreign exchange derivative contracts include spot, forward, forward window, and swap contracts. The purpose of these derivative contracts is to mitigate foreign currency risk on transactions entered into, or on behalf of customers. Contracts with customers, along with the related derivative trades the Company places, are both remeasured at fair value, and are referred to as economic hedges since they economically offset the Company's exposure. The Company's back-to-back interest rate contracts are used to allow customers to manage long-term interest rate risk. Risk participation agreements are entered into with lead banks in certain loan syndications to share in the risk of default on interest rate swaps on the participated loan.
The Company also uses derivative financial instruments to manage exposure to interest rate risk within its mortgage banking business related to IRLCs and its inventory of loans HFS and MSRs. The Company economically hedges the changes in fair value associated with changes in interest rates generally by utilizing forward sale commitments, interest rate futures and interest rate swaps.
Fair Value Hedges
As of December 31, 2023 and 2022, the following amounts are reflected on the Consolidated Balance Sheet related to cumulative basis adjustments for outstanding fair value hedges:
December 31, 2023December 31, 2022
Carrying Value of Hedged Assets/(Liabilities)Cumulative Fair Value Hedging Adjustment (1)Carrying Value of Hedged Assets/(Liabilities)Cumulative Fair Value Hedging Adjustment (1)
(in millions)
Loans HFI, net of deferred loan fees and costs (2)$3,875 $(6)$447 $17 
(1)    Included in the carrying value of the hedged assets/(liabilities).
(2)    As of December 31, 2023, included portfolio layer method derivative instruments with $3.5 billion designated as the hedged amount (from a closed portfolio of prepayable fixed rate loans with a carrying value of $6.7 billion). The cumulative basis adjustment included in the carrying value of these hedged items totaled $19 million.
For the Company's derivative instruments that are designated and qualify as fair value hedges, the gain or loss on the derivative instrument as well as the offsetting loss or gain on the hedged item attributable to the hedged risk are recognized in current period earnings. The loss or gain on the hedged item is recognized in the same line item as the offsetting loss or gain on the related interest rate swaps. For loans, the gain or loss on the hedged item is included in interest income, as shown in the table below.
Year Ended December 31,
202320222021
Income Statement ClassificationGain/(Loss) on SwapsGain/(Loss) on Hedged ItemGain/(Loss) on SwapsGain/(Loss) on Hedged ItemGain/(Loss) on SwapsGain/(Loss) on Hedged Item
(in millions)
Interest income$(22.8)$23.8 $71.7 $(71.6)$44.8 $(45.6)
Interest expense  — — (2.7)2.7 
In addition to the gains and losses on the Company's outstanding fair value hedges presented in the above table, the Company recognized $11.8 million and $9.9 million in interest income related to the amortization of the cumulative basis adjustment on its discontinued last-of-layer hedges during the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively.
Fair Values, Volume of Activity, and Gain/Loss Information Related to Derivative Instruments
The following table summarizes the fair value of the Company's derivative instruments on a gross basis as of December 31, 2023, 2022, and 2021. The change in the notional amounts of these derivatives from December 31, 2021 to December 31, 2023 indicates the volume of the Company's derivative transaction activity during these periods. The derivative asset and liability balances are presented on a gross basis, prior to the application of bilateral collateral and master netting agreements. Total derivative assets and liabilities are adjusted to take into account the impact of legally enforceable master netting agreements that allow the Company to settle all derivative contracts with the same counterparty on a net basis and to offset the net derivative position with the related cash collateral. Where master netting agreements are not in effect or are not enforceable under bankruptcy laws, the Company does not adjust those derivative amounts with counterparties.
 December 31, 2023December 31, 2022December 31, 2021
 Fair ValueFair ValueFair Value
Notional
Amount
Derivative AssetsDerivative LiabilitiesNotional
Amount
Derivative AssetsDerivative LiabilitiesNotional
Amount
Derivative AssetsDerivative Liabilities
(in millions)
Derivatives designated as hedging instruments:
Fair value hedges
Interest rate contracts$3,895 $19 $24 $476 $18 $— $1,383 $14 $55 
Total$3,895 $19 $24 $476 $18 $— $1,383 $14 $55 
Derivatives not designated as hedging instruments (1):
Foreign currency contracts$135 $1 $1 $250 $$$180 $— $
Forward purchase contracts5,544 26  2,709 13 11,714 18 
Forward sales contracts7,626 1 55 4,985 16 17,358 16 18 
Futures purchase contracts (2), (3)124   — — — 949 — — 
Futures sales contracts (2), (3)10,906   8,706 — — 11,935 — — 
Interest rate lock commitments1,822 18  1,459 3,033 11 
Interest rate contracts3,628 19 20 1,538 — — 
Risk participation agreements72   48 — — — — — 
Total$29,857 $65 $76 $19,695 $29 $39 $45,173 $35 $39 
Margin 202 (9)— — 
Total, including margin$29,857 $267 $67 $19,695 $33 $40 $45,173 $36 $45 
(1)Relate to economic hedging arrangements.
(2)The Company enters into futures purchase and sales contracts that are subject to daily remargining and almost all of which are based on three-month SOFR to hedge against its MSR valuation exposure. The notional amount on these contracts is substantial as these contracts have a short duration and are intended to cover the longer duration of MSR hedges.
(3)The notional amounts previously reported for December 31, 2022 and 2021 have been adjusted to account for the impact of offsetting contracts. To close a futures contract prior to settlement, the Company purchases an offsetting future with the same terms as the original contract and these contracts no longer require settlement.
The fair value of derivative contracts, after taking into account the effects of master netting agreements, is included in Other assets or Other liabilities on the Consolidated Balance Sheet, as summarized in the table below:
December 31, 2023December 31, 2022December 31, 2021
Gross amount of recognized assets (liabilities)Gross offsetNet assets (liabilities)Gross amount of recognized assets (liabilities)Gross offsetNet assets (liabilities)Gross amount of recognized assets (liabilities)Gross offsetNet assets (liabilities)
(in millions)
Derivatives subject to master netting arrangements:
Assets
Forward purchase contracts$26 $ $26 $$— $$$— $
Forward sales contracts1  1 13 — 13 15 — 15 
Interest rate contracts31  31 18 — 18 14 — 14 
Margin202  202 — — 
Netting (67)(67)— (17)(17)— (28)(28)
$260 $(67)$193 $36 $(17)$19 $38 $(28)$10 
Liabilities
Foreign currency contracts$(1)$ $(1)$— $— $— $— $— $— 
Forward purchase contracts   (12)— (12)(18)— (18)
Forward sales contracts(55) (55)(8)— (8)(18)— (18)
Interest rate contracts(31) (31)— — — (54)— (54)
Margin9  9 (1)— (1)(6)— (6)
Netting 67 67 — 17 17 — 28 28 
$(78)$67 $(11)$(21)$17 $(4)$(96)$28 $(68)
Derivatives not subject to master netting arrangements:
Assets
Foreign currency contracts$1 $ $1 $$— $$— $— $— 
Forward sales contracts   — — 
Interest rate lock commitments18  18 — 11 — 11 
Interest rate contracts7  7 — — — — 
$26 $ $26 $15 $— $15 $12 $— $12 
Liabilities
Foreign currency contracts$ $ $ $(9)$— $(9)$(2)$— $(2)
Forward purchase contracts   (1)— (1)— — — 
Interest rate lock commitments   (3)— (3)(2)— (2)
Interest rate contracts(13) (13)(6)— (6)— — — 
$(13)$ $(13)$(19)$— $(19)$(4)$— $(4)
Total derivatives and margin
Assets$286 $(67)$219 $51 $(17)$34 $50 $(28)$22 
Liabilities$(91)$67 $(24)$(40)$17 $(23)$(100)$28 $(72)
The following table summarizes the net gain (loss) on derivatives included in income:
Year Ended December 31,
20232022
(in millions)
Net gain (loss) on loan origination and sale activities:
Forward contracts$29.0 $425.6 
Interest rate lock commitments15.9 (7.4)
Interest rate swaps(8.9)(8.4)
Other contracts1.0 (7.6)
Total gain$37.0 $402.2 
Net loan servicing revenue:
Interest rate swaps$(32.4)$(54.6)
Forward contracts(15.4)(62.4)
Futures contracts4.5 (36.2)
Total loss$(43.3)$(153.2)
Counterparty Credit Risk
Like other financial instruments, derivatives contain an element of credit risk. This risk is measured as the expected replacement value of the contracts. Management enters into bilateral collateral and master netting agreements that provide for the net settlement of all contracts with the same counterparty. Additionally, management monitors counterparty credit risk exposure on each contract to determine appropriate limits on the Company's total credit exposure across all product types, which may require the Company to post collateral to counterparties when these contracts are in a net liability position and conversely, for counterparties to post collateral to the Company when these contracts are in a net asset position. Management reviews the Company's collateral positions on a daily basis and exchanges collateral with counterparties in accordance with standard ISDA documentation and other related agreements. The Company generally posts or holds collateral in the form of cash deposits or highly rated securities issued by the U.S. Treasury or government-sponsored enterprises (FNMA and FHLMC), or guaranteed by GNMA. At December 31, 2023, and 2022 collateral pledged by the Company to counterparties for its derivatives totaled $216 million and $11 million, respectively.
v3.24.0.1
Earnings per Share
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2023
Earnings Per Share [Abstract]  
Earnings per Share
15. EARNINGS PER SHARE
Diluted EPS is calculated using the weighted average outstanding common shares during the period, including common stock equivalents. Basic EPS is calculated using the weighted average outstanding common shares during the period.
The following table presents the calculation of basic and diluted EPS: 
 Year Ended December 31,
 202320222021
 (in millions, except per share amounts)
Weighted average shares - basic108.3 107.2 102.7 
Dilutive effect of stock awards0.2 0.4 0.6 
Weighted average shares - diluted108.5 107.6 103.3 
Net income available to common stockholders$709.6 $1,044.5 $895.7 
Earnings per common share:
Basic$6.55 $9.74 $8.72 
Diluted6.54 9.70 8.67 
v3.24.0.1
Income Taxes
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2023
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]  
Income Taxes
16. INCOME TAXES
The provision for income tax expense consists of the following components: 
 Year Ended December 31,
 202320222021
 (in millions)
Current$236.1 $327.4 $181.8 
Deferred(24.9)(68.6)42.0 
Total tax expense$211.2 $258.8 $223.8 
The following table presents a reconciliation between the statutory federal income tax rate and the Company’s effective tax rate: 
Year Ended December 31,
202320222021
(in millions)
Income tax at statutory rate$196.1 $276.4 $235.8 
Increase (decrease) resulting from:
State income taxes, net of federal benefits35.0 45.4 35.8 
Non-deductible insurance premiums24.1 5.2 3.5 
Tax-exempt income(28.3)(26.0)(25.6)
Investment tax credits(13.2)(32.1)(15.9)
Other, net(2.5)(10.1)(9.8)
Total tax expense$211.2 $258.8 $223.8 
Effective tax rate22.6 %19.7 %19.9 %
The increase in the effective tax rate from 2022 to 2023 is primarily due to a decrease in pretax book income, decreases in investment tax credits, and increases in nondeductible insurance premium expenses during 2023. There was not a significant change in the effective tax rate from 2021 to 2022.
The cumulative tax effects of the temporary differences are shown in the following table:
December 31,
20232022
(in millions)
Deferred tax assets:
Unrealized loss on AFS securities$170 $221 
Allowance for credit losses96 93 
Lease liability 46 47 
Research and experimentation costs32 
FDIC special assessment17 — 
Accrued expenses7 21 
Passthrough income 6 19 
Tax credit carryovers5 24 
Premises and equipment 13 
Other40 44 
Total gross deferred tax assets419 483 
Deferred tax asset valuation allowance — 
Total deferred tax assets419 483 
Deferred tax liabilities:
Right of use asset(37)(41)
Premises and equipment(19)— 
Unearned premiums (15)(6)
Mortgage servicing rights(11)(56)
Deferred loan costs(11)(16)
Leasing basis differences (11)(13)
Goodwill(9)(5)
Deferred REIT dividend (11)
Other(19)(24)
Total deferred tax liabilities(132)(172)
Deferred tax assets, net$287 $311 
At December 31, 2023, the net DTA balance totaled $287 million, a decrease of $24 million from $311 million at December 31, 2022. The decrease in the net DTA was primarily the result of increases in the fair value of AFS securities and decreases to credit carryforwards that were not fully offset by the decrease to MSR DTLs. Although realization is not assured, the Company believes the realization of the recognized net DTA of $287 million at December 31, 2023 is more-likely-than-not based on expectations as to future taxable income and based on available tax planning strategies that could be implemented if necessary to prevent a carryover from expiring.
The Company had no deferred tax valuation allowance as of December 31, 2023 and 2022.
As of December 31, 2023, the Company’s gross federal NOL carryovers, all of which are subject to limitations under Section 382 of the IRC, totaled $38 million, for which a DTA of $4 million has been recorded, reflecting the expected benefit of these federal NOL carryovers remaining after application of the Section 382 limitation. The Company also generated a total of $79 million NOLs in the states of Arizona, Tennessee, and Virginia during 2023, for which a DTA of $3 million has been recorded. The Company files income tax returns in the U.S. federal jurisdiction and in various states. With few exceptions, the Company is no longer subject to U.S. federal, state, or local income tax examinations by tax authorities for years before 2019.
When tax returns are filed, it is highly certain most positions taken would be sustained upon examination by the taxing authorities, while others are subject to uncertainty about the merits of the position taken or the amount of the position that would ultimately be sustained. The benefit of a tax position is recognized in the Consolidated Financial Statements in the period in which, based on all available evidence, management believes it is more-likely-than-not the position will be sustained upon examination, including the resolution of appeals or litigation processes, if any. Tax positions taken are not offset or aggregated with other positions. Tax positions that meet the more-likely-than-not recognition threshold are measured as the largest amount of tax benefit that is more than 50% likely of being realized upon settlement with the applicable taxing authority. The portion of the benefits associated with tax positions taken that exceeds the amount measured as described above is reflected as a liability for unrecognized tax benefits on the accompanying Consolidated Balance Sheet along with any associated interest and penalties payable to the taxing authorities upon examination.
The total gross activity of unrecognized tax benefits related to the Company's uncertain tax positions are shown in the following table:
December 31,
20232022
(in millions)
Beginning balance$6.6 $6.4 
Gross increases
Tax positions in prior periods0.4 — 
Current period tax positions0.9 0.8 
Gross decreases
Tax positions in prior periods (0.6)
Ending balance$7.9 $6.6 
During the year ended December 31, 2023, the Company added a new position, which resulted in a tax detriment of $0.9 million.
At December 31, 2023 and 2022, unrecognized tax benefits, net of associated deferred tax benefits, totaled $6.9 million and $5.3 million, respectively, that, if recognized, would favorably impact the effective tax rate. The Company does not anticipate resolution of any unrecognized tax benefits within the next 12 months.
During the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022, and 2021, no amounts were recognized for interest and penalties as it relates to uncertain tax positions and as of December 31, 2023 and 2022, there was no accrual for penalties and interest.
LIHTC and renewable energy projects
The Company holds ownership interests in limited partnerships and limited liability companies that invest in affordable housing and renewable energy projects. These investments are designed to generate a return primarily through the realization of federal tax credits and deductions.
Investments in LIHTC and renewable energy totaled $573 million and $624 million as of December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. Unfunded LIHTC and renewable energy obligations are included in Other liabilities on the Consolidated Balance Sheet and totaled $322 million and $398 million as of December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. For the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022, and 2021, $64.3 million, $63.2 million, and $49.5 million of amortization related to LIHTC investments was recognized as a component of income tax expense, respectively.
v3.24.0.1
Commitments and Contingencies
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2023
Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure [Abstract]  
Commitments and Contingencies
17. COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES
Unfunded Commitments and Letters of Credit
The Company is party to financial instruments with off-balance sheet risk in the normal course of business to meet the financing needs of its customers. These financial instruments include commitments to extend credit and letters of credit. They involve, to varying degrees, elements of credit risk in excess of amounts recognized on the Consolidated Balance Sheets.
Lines of credit are obligations to lend money to a borrower. Credit risk arises when the borrower's current financial condition may indicate less ability to pay than when the commitment was originally made. In the case of letters of credit, the risk arises from the potential failure of the customer to perform according to the terms of a contract. In such a situation, the third party might draw on the letter of credit to pay for completion of the contract and the Company would look to its customer to repay these funds with interest. To minimize the risk, the Company uses the same credit policies in making commitments and conditional obligations as it would for a loan to that customer.
Letters of credit and financial guarantees are commitments issued by the Company to guarantee the performance of a customer to a third party in borrowing arrangements. The Company generally has recourse to recover from the customer any amounts paid under the guarantees. Typically, letters of credit issued have expiration dates within one year.
A summary of the contractual amounts for unfunded commitments and letters of credit are as follows: 
December 31,
 20232022
 (in millions)
Commitments to extend credit, including unsecured loan commitments of $989 and $1,209 at December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively
$13,291 $18,674 
Credit card commitments and financial guarantees418 379 
Letters of credit, including unsecured letters of credit of $4 and $7 at December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively
222 265 
Total$13,931 $19,318 
The following table represents the contractual commitments for lines and letters of credit by maturity at December 31, 2023: 
Amount of Commitment Expiration per Period
Total Amounts CommittedLess Than 1 Year1-3 Years3-5 YearsAfter 5 Years
(in millions)
Commitments to extend credit$13,291 $3,860 $5,637 $2,195 $1,599 
Credit card commitments and financial guarantees418 418    
Letters of credit222 166 6 50  
Total$13,931 $4,444 $5,643 $2,245 $1,599 
Commitments to extend credit are agreements to lend to a customer provided there is no violation of any condition established in the contract. Commitments generally have fixed expiration dates or other termination clauses and may require payment of a fee. The Company enters into credit arrangements that generally provide for the termination of advances in the event of a covenant violation or other event of default. Since many of the commitments are expected to expire without being drawn upon, the total commitment amounts do not necessarily represent future cash requirements. The Company evaluates each customer’s creditworthiness on a case-by-case basis. The amount of collateral obtained, if deemed necessary by the Company upon extension of credit, is based on management’s credit evaluation of the party. The commitments are collateralized by the same types of assets used as loan collateral.
The Company has exposure to credit losses from unfunded commitments and letters of credit. As funds have not been disbursed on these commitments, they are not reported as loans outstanding. Credit losses related to these commitments are included in Other liabilities as a separate loss contingency and are not included in the ACL reported in "Note 4. Loans, Leases and Allowance for Credit Losses" of these Consolidated Financial Statements. This loss contingency for unfunded loan commitments and letters of credit was $32 million and $47 million as of December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. Changes to this liability are adjusted through the provision for credit losses in the Consolidated Income Statement.
Commitments to Invest in Renewable Energy Projects
The Company has off-balance sheet commitments to invest in renewable energy projects, as described in "Note 16. Income Taxes" of these Consolidated Financial Statements, subject to the underlying project meeting certain milestones. These conditional commitments totaled $32 million and $117 million as of December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively.
Concentrations of Lending Activities
The Company does not have a single external customer from which it derives 10% or more of its revenues. The Company monitors concentrations of lending activities at the product and borrower relationship level. Commercial and industrial loans made up 38% and 40% of the Company's HFI loan portfolio as of December 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively. The Company's loan portfolio includes significant credit exposure to the CRE market. As of December 31, 2023 and 2022, CRE related loans accounted for approximately 33% and 29% of total loans, respectively. Approximately 16% of these CRE loans, excluding construction and land loans, were owner-occupied as of December 31, 2023 and 2022. No borrower relationships at both the commitment and funded loan level exceeded 5% of total loans HFI as of December 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022.
Contingencies
The Company is involved in various lawsuits of a routine nature that are being handled and defended in the ordinary course of the Company’s business. Expenses are being incurred in connection with these lawsuits, but in the opinion of management, based in part on consultation with outside legal counsel, the resolution of these lawsuits and associated defense costs will not have a material impact on the Company’s financial position, results of operations, or cash flows.
v3.24.0.1
Fair Value Accounting
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2023
Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract]  
Fair Value Accounting
18. FAIR VALUE ACCOUNTING
The fair value of an asset or liability is the price that would be received to sell the asset or paid to transfer the liability in an orderly transaction occurring in the principal market (or most advantageous market in the absence of a principal market) for such asset or liability. In estimating fair value, the Company utilizes valuation techniques that are consistent with the market approach, the income approach, and/or the cost approach. Such valuation techniques are consistently applied. Inputs to valuation techniques include the assumptions market participants would use in pricing an asset or liability. ASC 825 establishes a fair value hierarchy that prioritizes the inputs to valuation techniques used to measure fair value. The hierarchy gives the highest priority to unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities (Level 1 measurements) and the lowest priority to unobservable inputs (Level 3 measurements). The three levels of the fair value hierarchy under ASC 825 are described in "Note 1. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies" of these Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
In general, fair value is based upon quoted market prices, where available. If such quoted market prices are not available, fair value is based upon internally-developed models that primarily use, as inputs, observable market-based parameters. Valuation adjustments may be made to ensure financial instruments are recorded at fair value. These adjustments may include amounts to reflect counterparty credit quality and the Company’s creditworthiness, among other things, as well as unobservable parameters. Any such valuation adjustments are applied consistently over time. The Company’s valuation methodologies may produce a fair value calculation that may not be indicative of net realizable value or reflective of future fair values. While management believes the Company’s valuation methodologies are appropriate and consistent with other market participants, the use of different methodologies or assumptions to determine the fair value of certain financial instruments could result in a different estimate of fair value at the reporting date. A more detailed description of the valuation methodologies used for assets and liabilities measured at fair value is set forth below.
Under ASC 825, the Company elected the FVO treatment for junior subordinated debt issued by WAL. This election is irrevocable and results in the recognition of unrealized gains and losses on the debt at each reporting date. These unrealized gains and losses are recognized in OCI rather than earnings. The Company did not elect FVO treatment for the junior subordinated debt assumed in the Bridge Capital Holdings acquisition.
The following table presents unrealized gains and losses from fair value changes on junior subordinated debt:
Year Ended December 31,
202320222021
(in millions)
Unrealized (losses) gains$(0.3)$4.9 $(1.5)
Changes included in OCI, net of tax(0.2)3.7 (1.2)
Fair value on a recurring basis
Financial assets and financial liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis include the following:
AFS debt securities: Securities classified as AFS are reported at fair value utilizing Level 1 and Level 2 inputs. For these securities, the Company obtains fair value measurements from an independent pricing service. The fair value measurements consider observable data that may include quoted prices in active markets, dealer quotes, market spreads, cash flows, the U.S. Treasury yield curve, live trading levels, trade execution data, market consensus prepayment speeds, credit information, and the bond’s terms and conditions, among other things.
Equity securities: Preferred and common stock and CRA investments are reported at fair value primarily utilizing Level 1 inputs.
Independent pricing service: The Company's independent pricing service provides pricing information on the majority of the Company's Level 1 and Level 2 AFS debt securities. For a small subset of securities, other pricing sources are used, including observed prices on publicly-traded securities and dealer quotes. Management independently evaluates the fair value measurements received from the Company's third-party pricing service through multiple review steps. First, management reviews what has transpired in the marketplace with respect to interest rates, credit spreads, volatility, and mortgage rates, among other things, and develops an expectation of changes to the securities' valuations from the previous quarter. Then, management selects a sample of investment securities and compares the values provided by its primary third-party pricing service to the market values obtained from secondary sources, including other pricing services and safekeeping statements, and evaluates those with notable variances. In instances where there are discrepancies in pricing from various sources and management expectations, management may manually price securities using currently observed market data to determine whether they can develop similar prices or may utilize bid information from broker dealers. Any remaining discrepancies between management's review and the prices provided by the vendor are discussed with the vendor and/or the Company's other valuation advisors.
Loans HFS: Government-insured or guaranteed and agency-conforming 1-4 family residential loans HFS are salable into active markets. Accordingly, the fair value of these loans is based primarily on quoted market or contracted selling prices or a market price equivalent, which are categorized as Level 2 in the fair value hierarchy.
Mortgage servicing rights: MSRs are measured based on valuation techniques using Level 3 inputs. The Company uses a discounted cash flow model that incorporates assumptions market participants would use in estimating the fair value of servicing rights, including, but not limited to, option adjusted spread, conditional prepayment rate, servicing fee rate, recapture rate, and cost to service.
Derivative financial instruments: Forward purchase and sales contracts are measured based on valuation techniques using Level 2 inputs, such as quoted market prices, contracted selling prices, or a market price equivalent. Interest rate and foreign currency contracts are reported at fair value utilizing Level 2 inputs. The Company obtains dealer quotations to value its interest rate contracts. IRLCs are measured based on valuation techniques that consider loan type, underlying loan amount, maturity date, note rate, loan program, and expected settlement date, with Level 3 inputs for the servicing release premium and pull-through rate. These measurements are adjusted at the loan level to consider the servicing release premium and loan pricing adjustment specific to each loan. The base value is then adjusted for estimated pull-through rates. The pull-through rate and servicing fee multiple are unobservable inputs based on historical experience.
Junior subordinated debt: The Company estimates the fair value of its junior subordinated debt using a discounted cash flow model which incorporates the effect of the Company’s own credit risk in the fair value of the liabilities (Level 3). The Company’s cash flow assumptions are based on contractual cash flows as the Company anticipates it will pay the debt according to its contractual terms.
The fair value of assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis was determined using the following inputs: 
Fair Value Measurements at the End of the Reporting Period Using:
Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets
(Level 1)
Significant Other Observable Inputs
(Level 2)
Significant Unobservable Inputs
(Level 3)
Fair Value
(in millions)
December 31, 2023
Available-for-sale debt securities
U.S. Treasury securities$4,853 $ $ $4,853 
Residential MBS issued by GSEs 1,972  1,972 
CLO 1,399  1,399 
Private label residential MBS 1,117  1,117 
Tax-exempt 858  858 
Commercial MBS issued by GSEs 530  530 
Corporate debt securities 367  367 
Other28 41  69 
Total AFS debt securities$4,881 $6,284 $ $11,165 
Equity securities
Preferred stock$100 $ $ $100 
CRA investments26   26 
Total equity securities$126 $ $ $126 
Loans HFS (2)$ $1,377 $3 $1,380 
MSRs  1,124 1,124 
Derivative assets (1) 66 18 84 
Liabilities:
Junior subordinated debt (3)$ $ $63 $63 
Derivative liabilities (1) 100  100 
(1)See "Note 14. Derivatives and Hedging Activities." In addition, the carrying value of loans is increased by $6 million as of December 31, 2023 for the effective portion of the hedge, which relates to the fair value of the hedges put in place to mitigate against fluctuations in interest rates. Derivative assets and liabilities exclude margin of $202 million and $(9) million, respectively.
(2)Includes only the portion of loans HFS that is recorded at fair value at each reporting period pursuant to the election of FVO treatment.
(3)Includes only the portion of junior subordinated debt that is recorded at fair value at each reporting period pursuant to the election of FVO treatment.
 Fair Value Measurements at the End of the Reporting Period Using:
Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets
(Level 1)
Significant Other Observable Inputs
(Level 2)
Significant Unobservable Inputs
(Level 3)
Fair
Value
 (in millions)
December 31, 2022
Assets:
Available-for-sale debt securities
CLO$— $2,706 $— $2,706 
Residential MBS issued by GSEs— 1,740 — 1,740 
Private label residential MBS— 1,199 — 1,199 
Tax-exempt— 891 — 891 
Corporate debt securities— 390 — 390 
Commercial MBS issued by GSEs— 97 — 97 
Other24 45 — 69 
Total AFS debt securities$24 $7,068 $— $7,092 
Equity securities
Preferred stock$108 $— $— $108 
CRA investments24 25 — 49 
Common stock— — 
Total equity securities$135 $25 $— $160 
Loans - HFS (2)$— $1,172 $$1,173 
Mortgage servicing rights— — 1,148 1,148 
Derivative assets (1)— 42 47 
Liabilities:
Junior subordinated debt (3)$— $— $63 $63 
Derivative liabilities (1)— 36 39 
(1)See "Note 14. Derivatives and Hedging Activities." In addition, the carrying value of loans is increased by $17 million as of December 31, 2022 for the effective portion of the hedge, which relates to the fair value of the hedges put in place to mitigate against fluctuations in interest rates. Derivative assets and liabilities exclude margin of $4 million and $1 million, respectively.
(2)Includes only the portion of loans HFS that is recorded at fair value at each reporting period pursuant to the election of FVO treatment.
(3)Includes only the portion of junior subordinated debt that is recorded at fair value at each reporting period pursuant to the election of FVO treatment.
The change in Level 3 liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis included in OCI was as follows: 
Junior Subordinated Debt
Year Ended December 31,
202320222021
(in millions)
Beginning balance$(62.5)$(67.4)$(65.9)
Change in fair value (1)(0.3)4.9 (1.5)
Ending balance$(62.8)$(62.5)$(67.4)
(1)Unrealized (losses) gains attributable to changes in the fair value of junior subordinated debt are recorded in OCI, net of tax, and totaled $(0.2) million, $3.7 million, and $(1.2) million for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022, and 2021, respectively.
The significant unobservable inputs used in the fair value measurements of these Level 3 liabilities were as follows: 
December 31, 2023Valuation TechniqueSignificant Unobservable InputsInput Value
(in millions)
Junior subordinated debt$63 Discounted cash flowImplied credit rating of the Company8.92 %
December 31, 2022Valuation TechniqueSignificant Unobservable InputsInput Value
(in millions)
Junior subordinated debt$63 Discounted cash flowImplied credit rating of the Company8.13 %
The significant unobservable inputs used in the fair value measurement of the Company’s junior subordinated debt as of December 31, 2023 and 2022 was the implied credit risk for the Company. The implied credit risk spread as of December 31, 2023 was calculated as the difference between the average of the 10 and 15-year 'BB' rated financial indexes over the
corresponding swap indexes. As of December 31, 2022, the implied credit risk spread was calculated as the difference between the average of the 15-year 'BB' and 'BBB' rated financial indexes over the corresponding swap index.
As of December 31, 2023, the Company estimates the discount rate at 8.92%, which represents an implied credit spread of 3.59% plus three-month SOFR (5.33%). As of December 31, 2022, the Company estimated the discount rate at 8.13%, which was a 3.36% credit spread plus three-month LIBOR (4.77%).
The change in Level 3 assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis included in income was as follows:
Year Ended December 31, 2023
20232022
MSRsIRLCs (1)MSRsIRLCs (1)
(in millions)
Balance, beginning of period$1,148 $2 $698 $
Purchases and additions865 15,434 720 19,513 
Sales and payments(800) (350)— 
Settlement of IRLCs upon acquisition or origination of loans HFS (15,420)— (19,481)
Change in fair value11 2 192 (39)
Mark to market adjustments4  — — 
Realization of cash flows(104) (112)— 
Balance, end of period$1,124 $18 $1,148 $
Changes in unrealized gains (losses) for the period (2)$19 $(18)$135 $
(1)    IRLC asset and liability positions are presented net.
(2)    Amounts recognized as part of non-interest income.

The significant unobservable inputs used in the fair value measurements of these Level 3 assets and liabilities were as follows:
December 31, 2023
Asset/liabilityKey inputsRangeWeighted average
MSRs:Option adjusted spread (in basis points)
29 - 253
213
Conditional prepayment rate (1)
9.5% - 23.9%
17.4%
Recapture rate
20.0% - 20.0%
20.0%
Servicing fee rate (in basis points)
25.0 - 56.5
35.6
Cost to service
$93 - $100
$95
IRLCs:Servicing fee multiple
3.2 - 5.4
4.3
Pull-through rate
68% - 100%
89%
December 31, 2022
Asset/liabilityKey inputsRangeWeighted average
MSRs:Option adjusted spread (in basis points)
190 - 621
378
Conditional prepayment rate (1)
8.5% - 18.5%
13.4%
Recapture rate
20.0% - 20.0%
20.0%
Servicing fee rate (in basis points)
25.0 - 56.5
33.2
Cost to service
$87 - $94
$90
IRLCs:Servicing fee multiple
2.9 - 5.5
4.3
Pull-through rate
69% - 100%
89%
(1)    Lifetime total prepayment speed annualized.
The following is a summary of the difference between the aggregate fair value and the aggregate UPB of loans HFS for which the FVO has been elected:
December 31,
20232022
Fair valueUPBDifferenceFair valueUPBDifference
(in millions)
Loans HFS:
Current through 89 days delinquent$1,379 $1,319 $60 $1,172 $1,138 $34 
90 days or more delinquent1 2 (1)— 
Total$1,380 $1,321 $59 $1,173 $1,139 $34 
Fair value on a nonrecurring basis
Certain assets are measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis. That is, the assets are not measured at fair value on an ongoing basis, but are subject to fair value adjustments in certain circumstances (for example, when there is evidence of credit deterioration). The following table presents such assets carried on the Consolidated Balance Sheet by caption and by level within the ASC 825 hierarchy:
 Fair Value Measurements at the End of the Reporting Period Using
 TotalQuoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets
(Level 1)
Active Markets for Similar Assets
(Level 2)
Unobservable Inputs
(Level 3)
 (in millions)
As of December 31, 2023
Loans HFI$379 $ $ $379 
Other assets acquired through foreclosure8   8 
As of December 31, 2022
Loans HFI$295 $— $— $295 
Other assets acquired through foreclosure11 — — 11 
For Level 3 assets measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis as of period end, the significant unobservable inputs used in the fair value measurements were as follows:
December 31, 2023Valuation Technique(s)Significant Unobservable InputsRange
(in millions)
Loans HFI$379 Collateral methodThird party appraisalCosts to sell
6.0% to 10.0%
Discounted cash flow methodDiscount rateContractual loan rate
3.0% to 8.0%
Scheduled cash collectionsProbability of default
0% to 20.0%
Proceeds from non-real estate collateralLoss given default
0% to 70.0%
Other assets acquired through foreclosure8 Collateral methodThird party appraisalCosts to sell
4.0% to 10.0%
December 31, 2022Valuation Technique(s)Significant Unobservable InputsRange
(in millions)
Loans HFI$295 Collateral methodThird party appraisalCosts to sell
6.0% to 10.0%
Discounted cash flow methodDiscount rateContractual loan rate
3.0% to 8.0%
Scheduled cash collectionsProbability of default
0% to 20.0%
Proceeds from non-real estate collateralLoss given default
0% to 70.0%
Other assets acquired through foreclosure11 Collateral methodThird party appraisalCosts to sell
4.0% to 10.0%
Loans HFI: Loans measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis include collateral dependent loans. The specific reserves for these loans are based on collateral value, net of estimated disposition costs and other identified quantitative inputs. Collateral value is determined based on independent third-party appraisals or internally-developed discounted cash flow analyses. Appraisals may utilize a single valuation approach or a combination of approaches, including comparable sales and the income approach. Fair value is determined, where possible, using market prices derived from an appraisal or evaluation, which are considered to be Level 2. However, certain assumptions and unobservable inputs are often used by the appraiser, therefore qualifying the assets as Level 3 in the fair value hierarchy. In addition, when adjustments are made to an appraised value to reflect various factors such as the age of the appraisal or known changes in the market or the collateral, such valuation inputs are considered unobservable and the fair value measurement is categorized as a Level 3 measurement. Internal discounted cash flow analyses are also utilized to estimate the fair value of these loans, which considers internally-developed, unobservable inputs such as discount rates, default rates, and loss severity.
Total Level 3 collateral dependent loans had an estimated fair value of $379 million and $295 million at December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively, net of a specific ACL of $10 million and $7 million at December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively.
Other assets acquired through foreclosure: Other assets acquired through foreclosure consist of properties acquired as a result of, or in-lieu-of, foreclosure. These assets are initially reported at the fair value determined by independent appraisals using appraised value less estimated cost to sell. Such properties are generally re-appraised every 12 months. Costs relating to the development or improvement of the assets are capitalized and costs relating to holding the assets are charged to expense.
Fair value is determined, where possible, using market prices derived from an appraisal or evaluation, which are considered to be Level 2. However, certain assumptions and unobservable inputs are often used by the appraiser, therefore qualifying the assets as Level 3 in the fair value hierarchy. When significant adjustments are based on unobservable inputs, such as when a current appraised value is not available or management determines the fair value of the collateral is further impaired below the appraised value and there is no observable market price, the resulting fair value measurement has been categorized as a Level 3 measurement. The Company had $8 million and $11 million of such assets at December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively.
Fair Value of Financial Instruments
The estimated fair value of the Company’s financial instruments is as follows: 
December 31, 2023
Carrying AmountFair Value
Level 1Level 2Level 3Total
(in millions)
Financial assets:
Investment securities:
HTM$1,429 $ $1,251 $ $1,251 
AFS11,165 4,881 6,284  11,165 
Equity securities126 126   126 
Derivative assets (1)84  66 18 84 
Loans HFS1,402  1,379 23 1,402 
Loans HFI, net49,960   46,877 46,877 
Mortgage servicing rights1,124   1,124 1,124 
Accrued interest receivable370  370  370 
Financial liabilities:
Deposits$55,333 $ $55,379 $ $55,379 
Other borrowings7,230  7,192  7,192 
Qualifying debt895  734 76 810 
Derivative liabilities (1)100  100  100 
Accrued interest payable151  151  151 
(1)    Derivative assets and liabilities exclude margin of $202 million and $(9) million, respectively.
December 31, 2022
Carrying AmountFair Value
Level 1Level 2Level 3Total
(in millions)
Financial assets:
Investment securities:
HTM$1,289 $— $1,112 $— $1,112 
AFS7,092 24 7,068 — 7,092 
Equity securities160 135 25 — 160 
Derivative assets (1)51 — 42 47 
Loans HFS1,184 — 1,172 1,173 
Loans HFI, net51,552 — — 47,679 47,679 
Mortgage servicing rights1,148 — — 1,148 1,148 
Accrued interest receivable357 — 357 — 357 
Financial liabilities:
Deposits$53,644 $— $53,698 $— $53,698 
Other borrowings6,299 — 6,261 — 6,261 
Qualifying debt893 — 735 75 810 
Derivative liabilities (1)40 — 36 39 
Accrued interest payable35 — 35 — 35 
(1)    Derivative assets and liabilities exclude margin of $4 million and $1 million, respectively.

Interest rate risk
The Company assumes interest rate risk (the risk to the Company’s earnings and capital from changes in interest rate levels) as a result of its normal operations. As a result, the fair values of the Company’s financial instruments, as well as its future net interest income, will change when interest rate levels change and that change may be either favorable or unfavorable to the Company.
Interest rate risk exposure is measured using interest rate sensitivity analysis to determine the Company's change in EVE and net interest income resulting from hypothetical changes in interest rates. If potential changes to EVE and net interest income resulting from hypothetical interest rate changes are not within the limits established by the BOD, the BOD may direct management to adjust the asset and liability mix to bring interest rate risk within BOD-approved limits.
WAB has an ALCO charged with managing interest rate risk within the BOD-approved limits. Limits are structured to preclude an interest rate risk profile that does not conform to both management and BOD risk tolerances without BOD and ALCO approval. Interest rate risk is also evaluated at the Parent level, which is reported to the BOD and its Finance and Investment Committee.
Fair value of commitments
The estimated fair value of letters of credit outstanding at December 31, 2023 and 2022 approximates zero as there have been no significant changes in borrower creditworthiness. Loan commitments on which the committed interest rates are less than the current market rate are insignificant at December 31, 2023 and 2022.
v3.24.0.1
Regulatory Capital Requirements
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2023
Banking and Thrift, Other Disclosure [Abstract]  
Regulatory Capital Requirements
19. REGULATORY CAPITAL REQUIREMENTS
The Company and the Bank are subject to various regulatory capital requirements administered by the federal banking agencies. Failure to meet minimum capital requirements could trigger certain mandatory or discretionary actions that, if undertaken, could have a direct material effect on the Company’s business and financial statements. Under capital adequacy guidelines and the regulatory framework for prompt corrective action, the Company and the Bank must meet specific capital guidelines that involve quantitative measures of their assets, liabilities, and certain off-balance sheet items as calculated under regulatory accounting practices. The capital amounts and classification are also subject to qualitative judgments by the regulators about components, risk weightings, and other factors.
As permitted by the regulatory capital rules, the Company elected the CECL transition option that delayed the estimated impact on regulatory capital resulting from the adoption of CECL over a five-year transition period ending December 31, 2024. Accordingly, capital ratios and amounts for 2022 include a 25% reduction to the capital benefit that resulted from the increased ACL related to the adoption of ASC 326, which has increased to include a 50% reduction beginning in 2023.
As of December 31, 2023 and 2022, the Company and the Bank exceeded the capital levels necessary to be classified as well-capitalized, as defined by the various banking agencies. The actual capital amounts and ratios for the Company and the Bank are presented in the following tables:
Total CapitalTier 1 CapitalRisk-Weighted AssetsTangible Average AssetsTotal Capital RatioTier 1 Capital RatioTier 1 Leverage RatioCommon Equity
Tier 1
(dollars in millions)
December 31, 2023
WAL$7,201 $6,035 $52,517 $70,295 13.7 %11.5 %8.6 %10.8 %
WAB6,802 6,229 52,508 70,347 13.0 11.9 8.9 11.9 
Well-capitalized ratios10.0 8.0 5.0 6.5 
Minimum capital ratios8.0 6.0 4.0 4.5 
December 31, 2022
WAL$6,586 $5,449 $54,461 $69,814 12.1 %10.0 %7.8 %9.3 %
WAB6,280 5,737 54,411 69,762 11.5 10.5 8.2 10.5 
Well-capitalized ratios10.0 8.0 5.0 6.5 
Minimum capital ratios8.0 6.0 4.0 4.5 
The Company and the Bank are also subject to liquidity and other regulatory requirements as administered by the federal banking agencies. These agencies have broad powers and at their discretion, could limit or prohibit the Company's payment of dividends, payment of certain debt service and issuance of capital stock and debt as they deem appropriate and as such, actions by the agencies could have a direct material effect on the Company’s business and financial statements.
The Company is also required to maintain specified levels of capital to remain in good standing with certain federal government agencies, including FNMA, FHLMC, GNMA, and HUD. These capital requirements are generally tied to the unpaid balances of loans included in the Company's servicing portfolio or loan production volume. Noncompliance with these capital requirements can result in various remedial actions up to, and including, removing the Company's ability to sell loans to and service loans on behalf of the respective agency. The Company believes it is in compliance with these requirements as of December 31, 2023.
v3.24.0.1
Employee Benefit Plans
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2023
Retirement Benefits [Abstract]  
Employee Benefit Plans
20. EMPLOYEE BENEFIT PLANS
The Company has a qualified 401(k) employee benefit plan for all eligible employees. Participants are able to defer between 1% and 75% (up to a maximum of $22,500 for those under 50 years of age and up to a maximum of $30,000 for those over 50 years of age in 2023) of their annual compensation. The Company may elect to match a discretionary amount each year, which was 100% of the first 5% of the participant’s compensation deferred into the plan during the year ended December 31, 2023. The Company’s contributions to this plan totaled $17.7 million, $15.9 million, and $12.0 million for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022, and 2021, respectively.
In addition, the Company has a SERP, which is an unfunded noncontributory defined benefit pension plan. The SERP provides retirement benefits to certain Bridge officers based on years of service and final average salary. The projected benefit obligation was $14 million as of December 31, 2023 and 2022, all of which was unfunded. Net periodic benefit cost totaled $1.0 million, $1.0 million, and $1.1 million for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021 respectively.
v3.24.0.1
Related Party Transactions
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2023
Related Party Transactions [Abstract]  
Related Party Transactions
21. RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS
Principal stockholders, directors, and executive officers of the Company, their immediate family members, and companies they control or own more than a 10% interest in, are considered to be related parties. In the ordinary course of business, the Company engages in various related party transactions, including extending credit and bank service transactions. All related party transactions are subject to review and approval pursuant to the Company's related party transactions policy. The decrease in related party transactions during the year ended December 31, 2023 is due to changes in composition of the BOD.
Federal banking regulations require any extensions of credit to insiders and their related interests not be offered on terms more favorable than would be offered to non-related borrowers of similar creditworthiness. The following table summarizes the aggregate activity for such loans:
Year Ended December 31,
20232022
(in millions)
Balance, beginning$172 $— 
New loans 231 
Advances457 2,144 
Repayments and other(629)(2,203)
Balance, ending$ $172 
None of these loans were past due, on non-accrual status or have been restructured during the year ended December 31, 2023 to provide a reduction or deferral of interest or principal because of deterioration in the financial position of the borrower. There were no loans to a related party that were considered classified loans at December 31, 2023 or 2022. Loan repayments and other of $629 million during the year ended December 31, 2023 related entirely to loan amounts with a former Director and their related interests. For the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022, and 2021, interest income associated with related party loans was approximately $1.6 million, $2.5 million and $0.1 million, respectively. In addition, during the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, the Company purchased $27 million and $914 million of residential loans from related parties, respectively. There were no such related party loan purchases during the year ended December 31, 2021.
Loan commitments outstanding with related parties totaled $2 million and $476 million at December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively.
The Company also accepts deposits from related parties, which totaled $62 million and $398 million at December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively, with related interest expense of approximately $1.1 million during the year ended December 31, 2023 and $0.2 million during each of the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021. Earnings credits on deposits from related parties totaled $2.6 million and $1.9 million for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively, with no earnings credits on deposits from related parties for the year ended December 31, 2021.
There were no long-term borrowings with related parties at December 31, 2023, compared to $1 million at December 31, 2022.
Loan servicing fees paid to related parties totaled $0.6 million and $1.5 million during the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively, with no loan servicing fees paid to related parties for the year ended December 31, 2021. There were no loans serviced by related parties at December 31, 2023 and 2021 and $2.1 billion of residential loans serviced by related parties at December 31, 2022. Donations, sponsorships, and other payments to related parties totaled less than $1.0 million during each of the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022, and 2021.
v3.24.0.1
Parent Company Financial Information
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2023
Parent Company Financial Information [Abstract]  
Parent Company Financial Information
22. PARENT COMPANY FINANCIAL INFORMATION
The condensed financial statements of the holding company are presented in the following tables:
WESTERN ALLIANCE BANCORPORATION
Condensed Balance Sheets 
 December 31,
 20232022
 (in millions)
ASSETS:
Cash and cash equivalents$140 $85 
Investment securities - equity31 34 
Investment in subsidiaries6,513 5,862 
Other assets71 66 
Total assets$6,755 $6,047 
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY:
Qualifying debt$671 $669 
Accrued interest and other liabilities6 22 
Total liabilities677 691 
Total stockholders’ equity6,078 5,356 
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity$6,755 $6,047 
WESTERN ALLIANCE BANCORPORATION
Condensed Income Statements 
 Year Ended December 31,
 202320222021
 (in millions)
Income:
Dividends from subsidiaries$330.0 $261.8 $50.0 
Interest income2.9 3.8 3.2 
Non-interest income (loss)1.5 (0.9)13.4 
Total income334.4 264.7 66.6 
Expense:
Interest expense25.4 22.6 19.5 
Non-interest expense29.3 26.5 31.9 
Total expense54.7 49.1 51.4 
Income before income taxes and equity in undistributed earnings of subsidiaries279.7 215.6 15.2 
Income tax benefit10.3 11.0 7.4 
Income before equity in undistributed earnings of subsidiaries290.0 226.6 22.6 
Equity in undistributed earnings of subsidiaries432.4 830.7 876.6 
Net income722.4 1,057.3 899.2 
Dividends on preferred stock12.8 12.8 3.5 
Net income available to common stockholders$709.6 $1,044.5 $895.7 
Western Alliance Bancorporation
Condensed Statements of Cash Flows
Year Ended December 31,
202320222021
(in millions)
Cash flows from operating activities:
Net income$722.4 $1,057.3 $899.2 
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:
Equity in net undistributed earnings of subsidiaries(432.4)(830.7)(876.6)
Change in fair value of assets and liabilities measured at fair value(3.4)8.7 (0.1)
Loss on extinguishment of debt — 5.9 
Other operating activities, net(1.8)(16.8)(1.4)
Net cash provided by operating activities284.8 218.5 27.0 
Cash flows from investing activities:
Purchases of securities(153.9)(0.4)(16.0)
Principal pay downs, calls, maturities, and sales proceeds of securities155.5 1.8 28.6 
Capital contributions to subsidiaries(50.0)(193.0)(1,139.3)
Other investing activities, net(10.0)(12.1)— 
Net cash used in investing activities(58.4)(203.7)(1,126.7)
Cash flows from financing activities:
Net proceeds from issuance of subordinated debt — 591.9 
Redemption of subordinated debt — (176.0)
Proceeds from issuance of common stock, net0.1 157.7 540.3 
Cash dividends paid on common and preferred stock(171.5)(166.2)(127.6)
Proceeds from issuance of preferred stock, net — 294.5 
Other financing activities, net — 0.1 
Net cash (used in) provided by financing activities(171.4)(8.5)1,123.2 
Net increase in cash and cash equivalents55.0 6.3 23.5 
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of year85.3 79.0 55.5 
Cash and cash equivalents at end of year$140.3 $85.3 $79.0 
v3.24.0.1
Segments
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2023
Segment Reporting [Abstract]  
Segments
23. SEGMENTS
The Company's reportable segments are aggregated with a focus on products and services offered and consist of three reportable segments:
Commercial: provides commercial banking and treasury management products and services to small and middle-market businesses, specialized banking services to sophisticated commercial institutions and investors within niche industries, as well as financial services to the real estate industry.
Consumer Related: offers both commercial banking services to enterprises in consumer-related sectors and consumer banking services, such as residential mortgage banking.
Corporate & Other: consists of the Company's investment portfolio, Corporate borrowings and other related items, income and expense items not allocated to other reportable segments, and inter-segment eliminations.
The Company's segment reporting process begins with the assignment of all loan and deposit accounts directly to the segments where these products are originated and/or serviced. Equity capital is assigned to each segment based on the risk profile of their assets and liabilities. With the exception of goodwill, which is assigned a 100% weighting, equity capital allocations ranged from 0% to 20% during the year. Any excess or deficient equity not allocated to segments based on risk is assigned to the Corporate & Other segment.
Net interest income, provision for credit losses, and non-interest expense amounts are recorded in their respective segments to the extent that the amounts are directly attributable to those segments. Net interest income is recorded in each segment on a TEB with a corresponding increase in income tax expense, which is eliminated in the Corporate & Other segment.
Further, net interest income of a reportable segment includes a funds transfer pricing process that matches assets and liabilities with similar interest rate sensitivity and estimated duration characteristics. Using this funds transfer pricing methodology, liquidity is transferred between users and providers. A net user of funds has lending/investing in excess of deposits/borrowings and a net provider of funds has deposits/borrowings in excess of lending/investing. A segment that is a user of funds is charged
for the use of funds, while a provider of funds is credited through funds transfer pricing, which is determined based on the average estimated life of the assets or liabilities in the portfolio. Residual funds transfer pricing mismatches are allocable to the Corporate & Other segment and presented in net interest income.
The net income amount for each reportable segment is further derived by the use of expense allocations. Certain expenses not directly attributable to a specific segment are allocated across all segments based on key metrics, such as number of employees, number of transactions processed for loans and deposits, and average loan and deposit balances. These types of expenses include information technology, operations, human resources, finance, risk management, credit administration, legal, and marketing.
Income taxes are applied to each segment based on estimated effective tax rates. Any difference in the corporate tax rate and the aggregate effective tax rates in the segments are adjusted in the Corporate & Other segment.
The following is a summary of reportable segment balance sheet information:
Consolidated CompanyCommercialConsumer RelatedCorporate & Other
At December 31, 2023:(in millions)
Assets:
Cash, cash equivalents, and investment securities$14,569 $13 $125 $14,431 
Loans HFS1,402  1,402  
Loans HFI, net of deferred fees and costs50,297 29,136 21,161  
Less: allowance for credit losses(337)(284)(53) 
Net loans HFI49,960 28,852 21,108  
Other assets acquired through foreclosure, net8 8   
Goodwill and other intangible assets, net669 292 377  
Other assets4,254 390 1,826 2,038 
Total assets$70,862 $29,555 $24,838 $16,469 
Liabilities:
Deposits$55,333 $23,897 $24,925 $6,511 
Borrowings and qualifying debt8,125 7 402 7,716 
Other liabilities1,326 109 338 879 
Total liabilities64,784 24,013 25,665 15,106 
Allocated equity:6,078 2,555 1,790 1,733 
Total liabilities and stockholders' equity$70,862 $26,568 $27,455 $16,839 
Excess funds provided (used) (2,987)2,617 370 
At December 31, 2022:
Assets:
Cash, cash equivalents, and investment securities$9,803 $12 $— $9,791 
Loans HFS1,184 — 1,184 — 
Loans HFI, net of deferred fees and costs51,862 31,414 20,448 — 
Less: allowance for credit losses(310)(262)(48)— 
Net loans HFI51,552 31,152 20,400 — 
Other assets acquired through foreclosure, net11 11 — — 
Goodwill and other intangible assets, net680 293 387 — 
Other assets4,504 435 2,180 1,889 
Total assets$67,734 $31,903 $24,151 $11,680 
Liabilities:
Deposits$53,644 $29,494 $18,492 $5,658 
Borrowings and qualifying debt7,192 27 340 6,825 
Other liabilities1,542 83 656 803 
Total liabilities62,378 29,604 19,488 13,286 
Allocated equity:5,356 2,684 1,691 981 
Total liabilities and stockholders' equity$67,734 $32,288 $21,179 $14,267 
Excess funds provided (used)— 385 (2,972)2,587 
The following is a summary of reportable segment income statement information:
Consolidated CompanyCommercialConsumer RelatedCorporate & Other
Year Ended December 31, 2023:(in millions)
Net interest income$2,338.9 $1,387.4 $898.9 $52.6 
Provision for credit losses62.6 38.3 3.3 21.0 
Net interest income after provision for credit losses2,276.3 1,349.1 895.6 31.6 
Non-interest income280.7 (23.3)286.9 17.1 
Non-interest expense1,623.4 580.6 924.5 118.3 
Income (loss) before provision for income taxes933.6 745.2 258.0 (69.6)
Income tax expense (benefit)211.2 174.8 59.2 (22.8)
Net income (loss)$722.4 $570.4 $198.8 $(46.8)
Year Ended December 31, 2022:
Net interest income$2,216.3 $1,546.3 $854.1 $(184.1)
Provision for (recovery of) credit losses68.1 47.2 21.1 (0.2)
Net interest income (expense) after provision for credit losses2,148.2 1,499.1 833.0 (183.9)
Non-interest income324.6 59.7 247.2 17.7 
Non-interest expense1,156.7 463.5 630.1 63.1 
Income (loss) before income taxes1,316.1 1,095.3 450.1 (229.3)
Income tax expense (benefit)258.8 260.5 107.1 (108.8)
Net income (loss)$1,057.3 $834.8 $343.0 $(120.5)
Year Ended December 31, 2021:
Net interest income$1,548.8 $1,181.7 $603.4 $(236.3)
Provision for (recovery of) credit losses(21.4)(30.6)11.0 (1.8)
Net interest income (expense) after provision for credit losses1,570.2 1,212.3 592.4 (234.5)
Non-interest income404.2 65.1 317.6 21.5 
Non-interest expense851.4 415.9 413.9 21.6 
Income (loss) before provision for income taxes1,123.0 861.5 496.1 (234.6)
Income tax expense (benefit)223.8 206.6 120.1 (102.9)
Net income (loss)$899.2 $654.9 $376.0 $(131.7)
v3.24.0.1
Revenue from Contracts with Customers
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2023
Revenue from Contract with Customer [Abstract]  
Revenue from Contract with Customer
24. REVENUE FROM CONTRACTS WITH CUSTOMERS
Revenue streams within the scope of ASC 606 include service charges and fees, interchange fees on credit and debit cards, success fees, and legal settlement service fees. These revenues totaled $98.6 million, $44.1 million, and $37.6 million for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022, and 2021, respectively. The Company had no material unsatisfied performance obligations as of December 31, 2023 or 2022.
v3.24.0.1
Mergers, Acquisitions and Dispositions
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2023
Business Combination and Asset Acquisition [Abstract]  
Mergers, Acquisitions and Dispositions
25. MERGERS, ACQUISITIONS AND DISPOSITIONS
Acquisition of Digital Disbursements
On January 25, 2022, the Company completed its acquisition of DST, doing business as Digital Disbursements, a digital payments platform for the class action legal industry. The acquisition of DST extended the Company's digital payment efforts by providing a digital payments platform for the class action market and broader legal industry.
This transaction was accounted for as a business combination under the acquisition method of accounting. Assets purchased and liabilities assumed were recorded at their respective acquisition date estimated fair values, which were final as of December 31, 2022.
Total consideration of $57.0 million, comprised of cash paid at closing of $50.6 million and contingent consideration with an estimated fair value of $6.4 million, was exchanged for all of the issued and outstanding membership interests of DST. The terms of the acquisition include a contingent consideration arrangement based on performance for the three year period subsequent to the acquisition. There is no required minimum or maximum payment amount specified under the terms of the contingent consideration agreement. The fair value of the contingent consideration recognized on the acquisition date was estimated using a discounted cash flow approach.
DST’s results of operations have been included in the Company's results beginning January 25, 2022 and are reported as part of the Consumer Related segment. Acquisition and restructure expenses of $0.4 million for the year ended December 31, 2022, were included as a component of non-interest expense in the Consolidated Income Statement, all of which were acquisition related costs as defined by ASC 805.
The fair value amounts of identifiable assets acquired and liabilities assumed in the DST acquisition are as follows:
January 25, 2022
(in millions)
Assets acquired:
Cash and cash equivalents$0.6 
Identified intangible assets20.1 
Other assets0.1 
Total assets$20.8 
Liabilities assumed:
Other liabilities$0.4 
Total liabilities0.4 
Net assets acquired$20.4 
Consideration paid
Cash$50.6 
Contingent consideration6.4 
Total consideration$57.0 
Goodwill$36.6 
In connection with the acquisition, the Company acquired identifiable intangible assets totaling $20.1 million, as detailed in the table below:
Acquisition Date Fair ValueEstimated Useful Life
(in millions)(in years)
Customer relationships$15.7 7
Developed technology4.1 5
Trade name0.3 10
Total$20.1 
Goodwill in the amount of $36.6 million was recognized, of which $31.8 million is expected to be deductible for tax purposes. Goodwill was allocated entirely to the Consumer Related segment and represents the strategic, operational, and financial benefits expected from the acquisition, including expansion of the Company's settlement services offerings, diversification of its revenue sources, and post-acquisition synergies from integrating Digital Disbursements, as well as the value of the acquired workforce.
Acquisition of AmeriHome
On April 7, 2021, the Company completed its acquisition of Aris, the parent company of AmeriHome, and certain other parties, pursuant to which, Aris merged with and into an indirect subsidiary of WAB. As a result of the merger, AmeriHome is a wholly-owned indirect subsidiary of the Company and continues to operate as AmeriHome Mortgage, a Western Alliance Bank company. AmeriHome is a leading national business-to-business mortgage acquirer and servicer. The acquisition of AmeriHome complements the Company’s national commercial businesses with a mortgage franchise that allows the Company to expand mortgage-related offerings to existing clients and diversifies the Company’s revenue profile by expanding sources of non-interest income.
Total cash consideration of $1.2 billion was paid in exchange for all of the issued and outstanding membership interests of Aris. AmeriHome's results of operations have been included in the Company's results beginning April 7, 2021 and are reported as part of the Consumer Related segment. No acquisition and restructure expenses related to the AmeriHome acquisition were recognized during the year ended December 31, 2022. For the year ended December 31, 2021, the Company recognized $15.3 million in acquisition and restructure expenses related to the AmeriHome acquisition, which included $3.4 million of acquisition related costs, as defined by ASC 805.
This transaction was accounted for as a business combination under the acquisition method of accounting. Assets purchased and liabilities assumed were recorded at their respective acquisition date estimated fair values, which were considered final as of March 31, 2022.
The following table presents pro forma information as if the AmeriHome acquisition was completed on January 1, 2020. The pro forma information includes adjustments for interest income and interest expense on existing loan agreements between WAL and AmeriHome prior to acquisition, the impact of MSR sales contemplated in connection with the acquisition, amortization of intangible assets arising from the acquisition, recognition of stock compensation expense for awards issued to certain AmeriHome executives, transaction costs, and related income tax effects. The pro forma information is not necessarily indicative of the results of operations as they would have been had the transactions been effected on the assumed dates.
December 31,
2021
Interest income$1,679.9 
Non-interest income470.5 
Net income909.7 
v3.24.0.1
Pay vs Performance Disclosure - USD ($)
$ in Millions
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2023
Dec. 31, 2022
Dec. 31, 2021
Pay vs Performance Disclosure      
Net income $ 722.4 $ 1,057.3 $ 899.2
v3.24.0.1
Insider Trading Arrangements
3 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2023
Trading Arrangements, by Individual  
Rule 10b5-1 Arrangement Adopted false
Non-Rule 10b5-1 Arrangement Adopted false
Rule 10b5-1 Arrangement Terminated false
Non-Rule 10b5-1 Arrangement Terminated false
v3.24.0.1
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Policies)
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2023
Accounting Policies [Abstract]  
Nature of operation
Nature of operations
WAL is a bank holding company headquartered in Phoenix, Arizona, incorporated under the laws of the state of Delaware. WAL provides a full spectrum of customized loan, deposit and treasury management capabilities, including funds transfer and other digital payment offerings through its wholly-owned banking subsidiary, WAB.
WAB operates the following full-service banking divisions: ABA, BON, FIB, Bridge, and TPB. The Company also serves business customers through a national platform of specialized financial services, including mortgage banking services through AmeriHome and digital payment services for the class action legal industry through DST. In addition, the Company has the following non-bank subsidiaries: CSI, a captive insurance company formed and licensed under the laws of the state of Arizona and established as part of the Company's overall enterprise risk management strategy, and WATC, which provides corporate trust services and levered loan administration solutions.
Basis of presentation
Basis of presentation
The accounting and reporting policies of the Company are in accordance with GAAP and conform to practices within the financial services industry. The accounts of the Company and its consolidated subsidiaries are included in the Consolidated Financial Statements.
Recent accounting pronouncements
Recent accounting pronouncements
Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures
In December 2023, the FASB issued guidance within ASU 2023-09, Income Taxes (Topic 740). The amendments in this update are intended to increase visibility into various income tax components that affect the reconciliation of the effective tax rate to the statutory rate, as well as the qualitative and quantitative aspects of those components. Public business entities will be required to disclose on an annual basis, specific categories in the rate reconciliation and provide additional information for reconciling items that meet or exceed a five percent threshold (computed by multiplying pretax income by the applicable statutory income tax rate) and include disclosure of state and local jurisdictions that make up the majority of the state and local income tax category in the rate reconciliation. Additional disclosure items include disaggregation of income taxes paid to and income tax expense from federal, state, and foreign jurisdictions as well as disaggregation of income taxes paid to individual jurisdictions in which income taxes paid are equal to or greater than five percent of total income taxes paid.
The amendments in this update are effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024 and interim periods within fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2025 and may be applied on a prospective or retrospective basis. The Company is currently evaluating the impact these amendments will have on its Consolidated Financial Statements.
Accounting for and Disclosure of Crypto Assets
In December 2023, the FASB issued guidance within ASU 2023-08, Intangibles — Goodwill and Other — Crypto Assets (Topic 350). The amendments in this update require entities that hold certain crypto assets to measure such assets at fair value and recognize any changes in fair value in net income in each reporting period. Entities will also be required to present crypto assets measured at fair value separately from other intangible assets on the balance sheet and changes from the remeasurement of crypto assets separately from changes in the carrying amounts of other intangible assets in the income statement. Other disclosure items include the name, cost basis, fair value, and number of units for each significant crypto asset holding and the aggregate fair values and cost bases of crypto asset holdings that are not individually significant along with a rollforward of activity in the reporting period and disclosure of the method for determining the cost basis of the crypto assets.
The amendments in this update are effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024, including interim periods within those fiscal years and are applied through a cumulative-effect adjustment to the opening balance of retained earnings (as of the beginning of the annual reporting period of adoption). As the Company does not currently hold any crypto assets meeting the criteria outlined in the update, the adoption of this guidance is not expected to have an impact on the Company's Consolidated Financial Statements.
Improvements to Reportable Segment Disclosures
In November 2023, the FASB issued guidance within ASU 2023-07, Segment Reporting (Topic 280). The amendments in this update are intended to improve reportable segment disclosure requirements, primarily through enhanced disclosures related to significant segment expenses. The amendments do not change how an entity identifies its operating segments, aggregates those operating segments, or applies the quantitative thresholds to determine its reportable segments and all existing segment disclosure requirements in ASC 280 and other Codification topics remain unchanged. The amendments in this update are incremental and require public entities that report segment information to disclose, on an annual and interim basis, significant segment expenses that are regularly provided to the chief operating decision maker and included within each reported measure of segment profit or loss as well as other segment items. Annual disclosure of the title and position of the chief operating decision maker and how the reported measures of segment profit or loss are used to assess performance and allocation of resources is also required.
The amendments in this update are effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2023 and interim periods within fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024 and are applied on a retrospective basis. The Company is currently evaluating the impact these amendments will have on its Consolidated Financial Statements.
Accounting for Investments in Tax Credit Structures Using the Proportional Amortization Method
In March 2023, the FASB issued guidance within ASU 2023-02, Investments — Equity Method and Joint Ventures (Topic 323). The amendments in this update permit entities to elect to account for tax equity investments, regardless of the tax credit program from which the income tax credits are received, using the proportional amortization method if certain conditions are met. Previously this option was only permitted for LIHTC investments. Additionally, the amendments in this update require all tax equity investments accounted for using the proportional amortization method apply the delayed equity contribution guidance in Subtopic 323-740 and disclosure of the nature of an entity's tax equity investments and their effect on an entity's financial position and results of operations.
The amendments in this update are effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2023, including interim periods within those fiscal years and are applied on a modified retrospective or a retrospective basis. The adoption of this guidance is not expected to have a material impact on the Company's Consolidated Financial Statements.
Recently adopted accounting guidance
Troubled Debt Restructurings and Vintage Disclosures
In March 2022, the FASB issued guidance within ASU 2022-02, Financial Instruments—Credit Losses (Topic 326). The amendments in this update eliminate the accounting guidance and related disclosures for TDRs by creditors in Subtopic 310-40, Receivables—Troubled Debt Restructurings by Creditors, while enhancing disclosure requirements for certain loan refinancings and restructurings by creditors when a borrower is experiencing financial difficulty and requiring an entity to disclose current-period gross write-offs by year of origination for financing receivables and net investments in leases within the scope of Subtopic 326-20, Financial Instruments—Credit Losses—Measured at Amortized Cost.
The Company adopted this accounting guidance prospectively on January 1, 2023. The adoption of this guidance did not have a material impact on the Company's Consolidated Financial Statements.
Use of estimates
Use of estimates
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosures of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Management's estimates and judgments are ongoing and are based on experience, current and expected future conditions, third-party evaluations and various other assumptions that management believes are reasonable under the circumstances. The results of these estimates form the basis for making judgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilities, as well as identifying and assessing the accounting treatment with respect to commitments and contingencies. Actual results may differ from those estimates and assumptions used in the Consolidated Financial Statements and related notes. Material estimates susceptible to significant changes in the near term, relate to: 1) the determination of the ACL; 2) certain assets and liabilities carried at fair value; 3) goodwill impairment and 4) accounting for income taxes.
Principles of consolidation
Principles of consolidation
As of December 31, 2023, WAL has the following significant wholly-owned subsidiaries: WAB and eight unconsolidated subsidiaries used as business trusts in connection with the issuance of trust-preferred securities.
WAB has the following significant wholly-owned subsidiaries: 1) WABT, which holds certain investment securities, municipal and nonprofit loans, and leases; 2) WA PWI, which holds interests in certain limited partnerships invested primarily in low income housing tax credits and small business investment corporations; 3) Helios Prime, which holds interests in certain limited partnerships invested in renewable energy projects; 4) BW Real Estate, Inc., which operates as a real estate investment trust and holds certain of WAB's real estate loans and related securities; and 5) Western Finance Company, which purchases and originates equipment finance leases and provides mortgage banking services through its wholly-owned subsidiary, AmeriHome.
The Company does not have any other significant entities that should be consolidated. All significant intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.
Reclassifications
Reclassifications
Certain amounts in the Consolidated Income Statements for the prior periods have been reclassified to conform to the current presentation. The reclassifications had no effect on net income or stockholders’ equity as previously reported.
Cash and cash equivalents
Cash and cash equivalents
For purposes of reporting cash flows, cash and cash equivalents include cash on hand, amounts due from banks (including cash items in process of clearing), interest-bearing balances due from correspondent banks and the FRB, and federal funds sold.
Business combinations
Business combinations
Business combinations are accounted for under the acquisition method of accounting in accordance with ASC 805, Business Combinations. Under the acquisition method, the acquiring entity in a business combination recognizes all of the acquired assets and assumed liabilities at their estimated fair values as of the date of acquisition. Any excess of the purchase price over the fair value of net assets and other identifiable intangible assets acquired is recorded as goodwill. To the extent the fair value of net assets acquired, including identified intangible assets, exceeds the purchase price, a bargain purchase gain is recognized. Assets acquired and liabilities assumed from contingencies are also recognized at fair value if the fair value can be determined during the measurement period. Results of operations of an acquired business are included in the Consolidated Income Statement from the date of acquisition. Acquisition-related costs, including conversion and restructuring charges, are expensed as incurred.
Investment securities
Investment securities
Investment securities include debt and equity securities. Debt securities may be classified as HTM, AFS, or trading. The appropriate classification is initially decided at the time of purchase. Securities classified as HTM are those debt securities the Company has both the intent and ability to hold to maturity regardless of changes in market conditions, liquidity needs, or general economic conditions. The sale of an HTM security within three months of its maturity date or after the majority of the principal outstanding has been collected is considered a maturity for purposes of classification and disclosure. Securities classified as AFS are debt securities the Company intends to hold for an indefinite period of time, but not necessarily to maturity. Any decision to sell a security classified as AFS would be based on various factors, including significant movements in interest rates or market conditions, changes in the maturity mix of the Company’s assets and liabilities, liquidity needs, decline in credit quality, and regulatory capital considerations.
HTM securities are carried at amortized cost. AFS securities are carried at their estimated fair value, with unrealized holding gains and losses reported in OCI, net of tax. When AFS debt securities are sold, the unrealized gains or losses are reclassified from OCI to non-interest income. Trading securities are carried at their estimated fair value, with changes in fair value reported in earnings as non-interest income.
Equity securities are carried at their estimated fair value, with changes in fair value reported in earnings as non-interest income.
Interest income is recognized based on the coupon rate and, for HTM and AFS securities, includes the amortization of purchase premiums and the accretion of purchase discounts. Premiums and discounts on investment securities are generally amortized or accreted over the contractual life of the security using the interest method. For the Company's mortgage-backed securities, amortization or accretion of premiums or discounts are adjusted for anticipated prepayments. Gains and losses on the sale of investment securities are recorded on the trade date and determined using the specific identification method.
A debt security is placed on nonaccrual status at the time its principal or interest payments become 90 days past due. Interest accrued but not received for a security placed on nonaccrual is reversed through interest income.
Allowance for credit losses on investment securities, Off-balance sheet credit exposures, including unfunded loan commitments and Allowance for credit losses on loans HFI
Allowance for credit losses on investment securities
The credit loss model under ASC 326-20, applicable to HTM debt securities, requires recognition of lifetime expected credit losses through an allowance account at the time the security is purchased. The Company measures expected credit losses on its HTM debt securities on a collective basis by major security type. The Company's HTM securities portfolio consists of low income housing tax-exempt bonds and private label residential MBS. Low income housing tax-exempt bonds share similar risk characteristics with the Company's CRE, non-owner occupied or construction and land loan pools, given the similarity in underlying assets or collateral. Accordingly, expected credit losses on HTM securities are estimated using the same models and approaches as these loan pools, which utilize risk parameters (PD, LGD and EAD) in the measurement of expected credit losses. The historical data used to estimate probability of default and severity of loss in the event of default is derived or obtained from internal and external sources and adjusted for the expected effects of reasonable and supportable forecasts over the expected lives of the securities on those historical losses. Accrued interest receivable on HTM securities, which is included in Other assets on the Consolidated Balance Sheet, is excluded from the estimate of expected credit losses.
The credit loss model under ASC 326-30, applicable to AFS debt securities, requires recognition of credit losses through an allowance account with credit losses recognized once securities become impaired. For AFS debt securities, a decline in fair value due to credit loss results in recognition of an ACL. Impairment may result from credit deterioration of the issuer or collateral underlying the security. An assessment to determine whether a decline in fair value resulted from a credit loss is performed at the individual security level. Among other factors, the Company considers: 1) the extent to which the fair value is less than the amortized cost basis; 2) the financial condition and near term prospects of the issuer, including consideration of relevant financial metrics or ratios of the issuer; 3) any adverse conditions related to an industry or geographic area of an issuer; 4) any changes to the rating of the security by a rating agency; and 5) any past due principal or interest payments from the issuer. If an assessment of the above factors indicates a credit loss exists, the Company records an ACL for the excess of the amortized cost basis over the present value of cash flows expected to be collected, limited to the amount that the security's fair value is less than its amortized cost basis. Subsequent changes in the ACL are recorded as a provision for (or recovery of) credit loss expense. Interest accruals and amortization and accretion of premiums and discounts are suspended when a credit loss is recognized in earnings. Any interest received after the security has been placed on nonaccrual status is recognized on a cash basis. Accrued interest receivable on AFS debt securities, which is included in Other assets on the Consolidated Balance Sheet, is excluded from the estimate of expected credit losses.
For each AFS security in an unrealized loss position, the Company also considers: 1) its intent to retain the security until anticipated recovery of the security's fair value; and 2) whether it is more-likely-than not the Company would be required to sell the security before recovery of its amortized cost basis. If either of the criteria regarding intent or requirement to sell is met, the debt security is written down to its fair value and the write-down is charged against the ACL with any incremental impairment recorded in earnings.
Charge-offs are made through reversal of the ACL and a direct charge to the amortized cost basis of the AFS security. The Company considers the following events to be indicators that a charge-off should be taken: 1) bankruptcy of the issuer; 2) significant adverse event(s) affecting the issuer in which it is improbable for the issuer to make its remaining payments on the security; and 3) significant loss of value of the underlying collateral behind a security. Recoveries on debt securities, if any, are recorded in the period received.
Allowance for credit losses on loans HFI
Credit risk is inherent in the business of extending loans and leases to borrowers and is continuously monitored by management and reflected within the ACL. The ACL is an estimate of life-of-loan losses for the Company's loans HFI. The ACL is a valuation account that is deducted from the amortized cost basis of a loan to present the net amount expected to be collected on the loan. The estimate of expected credit losses excludes accrued interest receivable on these loans, except for accrued interest related to the Residential-EBO loan pool. Accrued interest receivable, net of an ACL on the Residential-EBO loan pool, is included in Other assets on the Consolidated Balance Sheet. The ACL on loans HFI includes an estimate of future net charge-offs as well as an offset for expected recoveries of amounts previously charged-off. The Company formally re-evaluates and establishes the appropriate level of the ACL on a quarterly basis.
Determining the appropriateness of the allowance is complex and requires judgment by management about the effects of matters that are inherently uncertain. In future periods, evaluations of the overall loan portfolio or particular segments of the loan portfolio, in light of the factors and forecasts then prevailing, may result in significant changes in the ACL and credit loss expense in those future periods. The allowance level is influenced by loan volumes and mix, average remaining maturities, loan performance metrics, asset quality characteristics, delinquency status, historical credit loss experience, and other conditions influencing loss expectations, such as reasonable and supportable forecasts of economic conditions. The methodology for estimating the amount of expected credit losses reported in the ACL has two basic components: first, an asset-specific component involving individual loans that do not share similar risk characteristics with other loans and the measurement of expected credit losses for such individual loans and second, a pooled component for estimated expected credit losses for loans that share similar risk characteristics.
Loans that do not share risk characteristics with other loans
Loans that do not share risk characteristics with other loans are evaluated on an individual basis. Loans evaluated individually are not included in the collective evaluation. These loans consist of loans with unique features or loans that no longer share risk characteristics with other pooled loans. The process for determining whether a loan should be evaluated on an individual basis begins with a determination of credit rating. With the exception of residential loans, all accruing loans graded substandard or worse with a total commitment of $1.0 million or more are evaluated on an individual basis. For these loans, the allowance is based primarily on the fair value of the underlying collateral, utilizing independent third-party appraisals, and assessment of borrower guarantees.
Loans that share similar risk characteristics with other loans
In estimating the component of the ACL for loans that share similar risk characteristics, loans are segregated into loan segments with shared risk characteristics. The Company's primary portfolio segments align with the methodology applied in estimating the ACL under CECL. Loans are designated and pooled into loan segments based on product types, business lines, and other risk characteristics.
In determining the ACL, the Company derives an estimate of expected credit losses primarily using an expected loss methodology that incorporates risk parameters (PD, LGD, and EAD), which are derived from various vendor models, internally-developed statistical models, or non-statistical estimation approaches. Probability of default is projected in these models or estimation approaches using a single economic scenario and were developed to incorporate relevant information about past events, current conditions, and reasonable and supportable forecasts. With the exception of the Company's residential loan segment, the Company's PD models define default as loans that are 90 days past due, on nonaccrual status, have a charge-off, or obligor bankruptcy. Input reversion is used for all loan segment models, except for the commercial and industrial and CRE, owner-occupied loan segments. Output reversion is used for the commercial and industrial and CRE, owner-occupied loan segments by incorporating, after the forecast period, a one-year linear reversion to the long-term reversion rate in year three through the remaining life of the loans within the respective segments. LGDs are typically derived from the Company's historical loss experience. However, for the warehouse lending and municipal and nonprofit loan segments, where the Company has either zero (or near zero) losses, or has a limited loss history through the last economic downturn, certain non-modeled methodologies are employed to estimate LGD. Factors utilized in calculating average LGD vary for each loan segment and are further described below. EAD refers to the Company's exposure to loss at the time of borrower default. For revolving lines of credit, the Company incorporates an expectation of increased line utilization for a higher EAD on defaulted loans based on historical experience. For term loans, EAD is calculated using an amortization schedule based on contractual loan terms, adjusted for a prepayment rate assumption. Prepayment trends are sensitive to interest rates and the macroeconomic environment. Fixed rate loans are more influenced by interest rates, whereas variable rate loans are more influenced by the macroeconomic environment. After the quantitative expected loss estimates are calculated, management then adjusts these estimates to incorporate consideration of different probability weighted economic scenarios, current trends and conditions not captured in the quantitative loss estimates, through the use of qualitative and/or environmental factors.
The following provides credit quality indicators and risk elements most relevant in monitoring and measuring the ACL on loans for each of the loan portfolio segments identified:
Warehouse lending
The warehouse lending portfolio segment consists of mortgage warehouse lines, MSR financing facilities, and note finance loans, which have a monitored borrowing base to mortgage companies and similar lenders and are primarily structured as commercial and industrial loans. The collateral for these loans is primarily comprised of residential whole loans and MSRs, with the borrowing base of these loans tightly monitored and controlled by the Company. The primary support for these loans takes the form of pledged collateral, with secondary support provided by the capacity of the financial institution. The collateral-driven nature of these loans distinguish them from traditional commercial and industrial loans. These loans are impacted by
interest rate shocks, residential lending rates, prepayment assumptions, and general real estate stress. As a result of the unique loan characteristics, limited historical default and loss experience, and the collateral nature of this loan portfolio segment, the Company uses a non-modeled approach to estimate expected credit losses, leveraging grade information, grade migration history, and management judgment.
Municipal and nonprofit
The municipal and nonprofit portfolio segment consists of loans to local governments, government-operated utilities, special assessment districts, hospitals, schools and other nonprofits. These loans are generally, but not exclusively, entered into for the purpose of financing real estate investment or for refinancing existing debt and are primarily structured as commercial and industrial loans. Loans are supported by taxes or utility fees, and in some cases tax liens on real estate, operating revenue of the institution, or other collateral types. While unemployment rates and the market valuation of residential properties have an effect on the tax revenues supporting these loans, these loans tend to be less cyclical in comparison to similar commercial loans due to reliance on diversified tax bases. The Company uses a non-modeled approach to estimate expected credit losses for this portfolio segment, leveraging grade information and historical municipal default rates.
Tech & innovation
The tech & innovation portfolio segment is comprised of commercial loans originated within this business line and are not collateralized by real estate. The source of repayment of these loans is generally expected to be the income generated from the business or contributions from ownership to sustain the business's growth model. Expected credit losses for this loan segment are estimated using internally-developed models. These models incorporate market level and company-specific factors such as financial statement variables, adjusted for the current stage of the credit cycle and for the Company's loan performance data such as delinquency, utilization, maturity, and size of the loan commitment under specific macroeconomic scenarios to produce a probability of default. Macroeconomic variables include average investment to GDP and treasury yields. LGD and the prepayment rate assumption for EAD are driven by unemployment levels for this loan segment.
Equity fund resources
The equity fund resources portfolio segment is comprised of commercial loans to private equity and venture capital funds. The primary source of repayment of these loans is typically uncalled capital commitments from institutional investors and high net worth individuals. The Company uses a non-modeled approach to estimate expected credit losses for this portfolio segment, leveraging loan grade information.
Other commercial and industrial
The other commercial and industrial segment is comprised primarily of commercial and industrial loans to middle market companies and large corporations that are not collateralized by real estate. The models used to estimate expected credit losses for middle market companies are the same as those used for the tech & innovation portfolio segment, whereas a vendor model is used to estimate expected credit losses for loans to large corporations.
Commercial real estate, owner-occupied
The CRE, owner-occupied portfolio segment is comprised of commercial loans collateralized by real estate, where the borrower has a business that occupies the property. These loans are typically entered into for the purpose of providing real estate finance or improvement. The primary source of repayment of these loans is the income generated by the business and where rental or sale of the property may provide secondary support for the loan. These loans are sensitive to general economic conditions as well as the market valuation of CRE properties. The PD estimate for this loan segment is modeled using the same model as the commercial and industrial loan segment. LGD for this loan segment is driven by property appreciation and the prepayment rate assumption for EAD is driven by unemployment levels.
Hotel franchise finance
The hotel franchise finance segment is comprised of loans originated within this business line and are collateralized by real estate, where the owner is not the primary tenant. These loans are typically entered into for the purpose of financing or the improvement of commercial investment properties. The primary source of repayment of these loans are the rents paid by tenants and where the sale of the property may provide secondary support for the loan. These loans are sensitive to the market valuation of CRE properties, rental rates, and general economic conditions. The vendor model used to estimate expected credit losses for this loan segment projects PD and EAD based on multiple macroeconomic scenarios by modeling how macroeconomic conditions affect the commercial real estate market. Real estate market factors utilized in this model include vacancy rate, rental growth rate, net operating income growth rate, and commercial property price changes for each specific property type. The model then incorporates loan and property-level characteristics including debt coverage, leverage, collateral size, seasoning,
and property type. LGD for this loan segment is derived from a non-modeled approach that is driven by property appreciation and the prepayment rate assumption for EAD is driven by the property appreciation for fixed rate loans and unemployment levels for variable rate loans.
Other commercial real estate, non-owner occupied
The other commercial real estate, non-owner occupied segment is comprised of loans collateralized by real estate where the owner is not the primary tenant, but are not originated within the Company's specialty business lines. The model used to estimate expected credit losses for this loan segment is the same as the model used for the hotel franchise finance portfolio segment.
Residential
The residential loan portfolio segment is comprised of loans collateralized primarily by first liens on 1-4 residential family properties and home equity lines of credit collateralized by either first liens or junior liens on residential properties. The primary source of repayment of these loans is the value of the property and the capacity of the owner to make payments on the loan. Unemployment rates and the market valuation of residential properties will impact the ultimate repayment of these loans. The residential mortgage loan model is a vendor model that projects PD, LGD severity, prepayment rate, and EAD to calculate expected losses. The model is intended to capture the borrower's payment behavior during the lifetime of the residential loan by incorporating loan level characteristics such as loan type, coupon, age, loan-to-value, and credit score and economic conditions such as Home Price Index, interest rate, and unemployment rate. A default event for residential loans is defined as 60 days or more past due, with property appreciation as the driver for LGD results. The prepayment rate assumption for EAD for residential loans is based on industry prepayment history.
PD for HELOCs is derived from an internally-developed model that incorporates loan level information such as delinquency status, loan term, and FICO score and macroeconomic conditions such as property appreciation. LGD for this loan segment is driven by property appreciation and lien position. EAD for HELOCs is calculated based on utilization rate assumptions using a non-modeled approach and also incorporates management judgment.
Residential - EBO
The residential EBO loan portfolio segment is comprised of government guaranteed or insured loans collateralized primarily by first liens on 1-4 residential family properties purchased from GNMA pools, which were at least three months delinquent at the time of purchase. These loans differ from the residential loans included in the Company's Residential loan portfolio segment as the principal balance of these loans are government guaranteed or insured. The Company has not recognized an ACL on this portfolio segment as management's expectation of nonpayment of the amortized cost basis, based on historical losses, adjusted for current and forecasted conditions, is zero.
The estimate of expected credit losses related to accrued interest and other fees for the Residential-EBO loan pool is based on an expected loss methodology that incorporates risk parameters, PD and LGD, which are derived from an internally-developed statistical model. PD is derived from delinquency transition rates based on historical data and LGD is derived from historical losses.
Construction and land development
The construction and land portfolio segment is comprised of loans collateralized by land or real estate, which are entered into for the purpose of real estate development. The primary source of repayment of these loans is the eventual sale or refinance of the completed project and where claims on the property provide secondary support for the loan. These loans are impacted by the market valuation of CRE and residential properties and general economic conditions that have a higher sensitivity to real estate markets compared to other real estate loans. Default risk of a property is driven by loan-specific drivers, including loan-to-value, maturity, origination date, and the MSA in which the property is located, among other factors. The variables used in the internally-developed model include loan level drivers such as origination loan-to-value, loan maturity, and macroeconomic drivers such as property appreciation, MSA level unemployment rate, and national GDP growth. LGD for this loan segment is driven by property appreciation. The prepayment rate assumption for EAD is driven by the property appreciation for fixed rate loans and unemployment levels for variable rate loans.
Other
The other portfolio consists of loans not already captured in one of the aforementioned loan portfolio segments, which include, but may not be limited to, overdraft lines for treasury services, credit cards, consumer loans not collateralized by real estate, and small business loans collateralized by residential real estate. The consumer and small business loans are supported by the capacity of the borrower and the valuation of any collateral. General economic factors such as unemployment will have an
effect on these loans. The Company uses a non-modeled approach to estimate expected credit losses, leveraging average historical default rates. LGD for this loan segment is driven by unemployment levels and lien position. The prepayment rate assumption for EAD is driven by the BBB corporate spread for fixed rate loans and unemployment levels for variable rate loans.
Off-balance sheet credit exposures, including unfunded loan commitments
The Company maintains a separate ACL on off-balance-sheet credit exposures, including unfunded loan commitments, financial guarantees, and letters of credit, which is classified in Other liabilities on the Consolidated Balance Sheet. The ACL on off-balance sheet credit exposures is adjusted through increases or decreases to the provision for credit loss expense. The estimate includes consideration of the likelihood that funding will occur, an estimate of EAD derived from utilization rate assumptions using a non-modeled approach, and PD and LGD estimates derived from the same models and approaches for the Company's other loan portfolio segments described in the ACL on loans HFI section within this note. The Company does not record a credit loss estimate for off-balance sheet credit exposures that are unconditionally cancellable by the Company or for undrawn amounts under such arrangements that may be drawn prior to the cancellation of the arrangement.
Restricted stock
Restricted stock
WAB is a member of the Federal Reserve System and, as part of its membership, is required to maintain stock in the FRB in a specified ratio to its capital. In addition, WAB is a member of the FHLB system and, accordingly, maintains an investment in the capital stock of the FHLB based on the borrowing capacity used. These investments are considered equity securities with no actively traded market. Therefore, the shares are considered restricted investment securities. These investments are carried at cost, which is equal to the value at which they may be redeemed. Dividend income received from the stock is reported in interest income. The Company conducts a periodic review and evaluation of its restricted stock to determine if any impairment exists. No impairment has been recorded to date.
Loans held for sale
Loans held for sale
The Company's loans HFS primarily consist of purchased and originated 1-4 family residential mortgage loans to be sold or securitized through its mortgage banking business. These loans are reported at either fair value, or the lower of cost or fair value, depending on the acquisition source, as further described below.
The Company has elected to record loans purchased from correspondent sellers or originated directly to consumers at fair value to more timely reflect the Company's performance. Changes in fair value of loans HFS are reported in current period income as a component of Net gain on loan origination and sale activities in the Consolidated Income Statement. Alternatively, delinquent loans repurchased under the terms of the GNMA MBS program, referred to as EBO loans, are reported at the lower of cost or fair value. For EBO loans, the amount by which cost exceeds fair value is accounted for as a valuation allowance and any changes in the valuation allowance are included in Net gain on loan origination and sale activities in the Consolidated Income Statement.
The Company recognizes a transfer of loans as a sale when it surrenders control over the transferred loans. Control is considered to be surrendered when the transferred loans have been legally isolated from the Company, the transferee has the right (free of conditions that constrain it from taking advantage of that right) to pledge or exchange the transferred loans, and the Company does not maintain effective control over the transferred loans through either an agreement that entitles or obligates the Company to repurchase or redeem the loans before their maturity or the ability to unilaterally cause the holder to return loans. If the transfer of loans qualifies as a sale, the Company derecognizes such loans. If the transfer of loans does not qualify as a sale, the proceeds from the transfer are accounted for as secured borrowings.
Loan acquisition and origination fees on loans HFS consist of fees earned by the Company for purchasing and originating loans and are recognized at the time the loans are purchased or originated. These fees generally represent flat, per loan fee amounts and are included as Net gain on loan origination and sale activities in the Consolidated Income Statement.
Recognition of interest income on non-government guaranteed or uninsured loans HFS is suspended and accrued unpaid interest receivable is reversed through interest income when loans become 90 days delinquent or when recovery of income and principal becomes doubtful. Loans return to accrual status when the principal and interest become current and it is probable the amounts are fully collectible. For government guaranteed or insured loans HFS that are 90 days delinquent, the Company continues to recognize interest income at a rate between the debenture and notes rates, as adjusted for probability of default for FHA loans and at the note rate for VA and USDA loans.
At times, the Company may also transfer loans from its HFI portfolio to HFS. Loans transferred from HFI to HFS will be transferred at the lower of amortized cost basis (adjusted for any charge-offs) or fair value. If the amortized cost basis of the transferred loan exceeds its fair value, a valuation allowance equal to the difference in these amounts will be established on the transfer date and any subsequent changes in the valuation allowance will be recognized in earnings. Any ACL previously recorded on transferred loans will be reversed and recognized in earnings at the time of the transfer.
If management determines it no longer intends to sell loans classified as HFS, such loans will be transferred to loans HFI. Loans transferred from HFS to HFI are transferred at amortized cost and any valuation allowance previously recorded is reversed and recognized in earnings at the time of the transfer. The loans are then subject to ACL measurement.
Loans held for investment
Loans held for investment
Loans HFI are loans management has the intent and ability to hold for the foreseeable future or until maturity or payoff and are reported at amortized cost. Amortized cost is the amount of unpaid principal, adjusted for unamortized net deferred fees and costs, premiums and discounts, and charge-offs. In addition, the amortized cost basis of loans subject to fair value hedges are adjusted for changes in value attributable to the effective portion of the hedged benchmark interest rate risk.
The Company may also purchase loans or acquire loans through a business combination. At the purchase or acquisition date, loans are evaluated to determine whether there has been more than insignificant credit deterioration since origination. Loans that have experienced more than insignificant credit deterioration since origination are referred to as PCD loans. In its evaluation of whether a loan has experienced more than insignificant deterioration in credit quality since origination, the Company takes into consideration loan grades, past due and nonaccrual status, and loan modifications to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty. The Company may also consider external credit rating agency ratings for borrowers and for non-commercial loans, FICO score or band, probability of default levels, and number of times past due. At the purchase or acquisition date, the amortized cost basis of PCD loans is equal to the purchase price and an initial estimate of credit losses. The initial recognition of expected credit losses on PCD loans has no impact on net income. When the initial measurement of expected credit losses on PCD loans is calculated on a pooled loan basis, the expected credit losses are allocated to each loan within the pool. Any difference between the initial amortized cost basis and the unpaid principal balance of the loan represents a noncredit discount or premium, which is accreted (or amortized) into interest income over the life of the loan. Subsequent changes to the ACL on PCD loans are recorded through the provision for credit losses. For purchased loans not deemed to have experienced more than insignificant credit deterioration since origination and are therefore not deemed PCD, any discounts or premiums included in the purchase price are accreted (or amortized) over the contractual life of the individual loan. For additional information, see "Note 4. Loans, Leases and Allowance for Credit Losses" of these Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
In applying the effective yield method to loans, the Company generally applies the contractual method whereby loan fees collected for the origination of loans less direct loan origination costs (net deferred fees), as well as premiums and discounts and certain purchase accounting adjustments, are amortized over the contractual life of the loan through interest income. If a loan has scheduled payments, the amortization of net deferred fees is calculated using the interest method over the contractual life of the loan. If a loan does not have scheduled payments, such as a line of credit, net deferred loan fees are recognized as interest income on a straight-line basis over the contractual life of the loan commitment. Commitment fees based on a percentage of a customer’s unused line of credit and fees related to standby letters of credit are recognized over the commitment period. When loans are repaid, any remaining unamortized balances of premiums, discounts, or net deferred fees are recognized as interest income.
Nonaccrual loans
When a borrower discontinues making payments as contractually required by the note, the Company must determine whether it is appropriate to continue to accrue interest. The Company ceases accruing interest income when a loan becomes delinquent by more than 90 days or when management determines the full repayment of principal and collection of interest according to contractual terms is no longer likely. Past due status is based on the contractual terms of the loan. The Company may decide to continue to accrue interest on certain loans more than 90 days delinquent if the loans are well secured by collateral and in the process of collection. For government guaranteed or insured loans that are 90 days delinquent, the Company continues to recognize interest income at a rate between the debenture rate and note rates, as adjusted for probability of default for FHA loans, and at the note rate for VA and USDA loans.
For all loans HFI, when a loan is placed on nonaccrual status, all interest accrued but uncollected is reversed against interest income in the period in which the status is changed, and the Company makes a loan-level decision to apply either the cash basis or cost recovery method. The Company may recognize income on a cash basis when a payment is received on a nonaccrual loan provided the collection of the remaining recorded investment in the loan is deemed to be fully collectible. Under the cost recovery method, subsequent payments received from the customer are applied to principal and generally no further interest income is recognized until the loan principal has been paid in full or until circumstances have changed such that payments are again consistently received as contractually required. Loans are returned to accrual status when all of the principal and interest amounts contractually due are brought current and future payments are reasonably assured.
Modifications of Loans to Borrowers Experiencing Financial Difficulty
The Company may agree to modify the terms of a loan to a borrower experiencing financial difficulty. Loans graded Substandard or worse are often characterized by inadequate paying capacity of the borrower and therefore, modifications of these loans are considered to be made to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty. The loan terms that may be modified or restructured due to a borrower’s financial situation include principal forgiveness, an interest rate reduction, an other than-insignificant payment delay, a term extension, or a combination of these terms.
Troubled Debt Restructured Loans
Prior to the adoption of ASU 2022-02, Financial Instruments—Credit Losses (Topic 326), if the Company, for reasons related to a borrower’s financial difficulties, granted a concession to the borrower the Company would not otherwise consider, the modified loan was considered a TDR loan. In order to determine whether a borrower was experiencing financial difficulty, an evaluation was performed to assess the probability the borrower would be in payment default on any of its debt in the foreseeable future without the modification. The evaluation was performed in accordance with the Company's internal underwriting policy. The loan terms that were modified or restructured due to a borrower’s financial situation included, but were not limited to, a reduction in the stated interest rate, an extension of the maturity or renewal of the loan at an interest rate below current market, a reduction in the face amount of the debt, a reduction in the accrued interest, or deferral of interest payments. A TDR loan was returned to accrual status when the loan was brought current, was performing in accordance with the contractual restructured terms for a reasonable period of time (generally six months), and the ultimate collectability of the total contractual restructured principal and interest was no longer in doubt. Consistent with regulatory guidance, a TDR loan subsequently modified in another restructuring agreement but had shown sustained performance and classification as a TDR, was removed from TDR status provided the modified terms were market-based at the time of modification.
Credit quality indicators
Loans are regularly reviewed to assess credit quality indicators and to determine appropriate loan classification and grading in accordance with applicable bank regulations. The Company’s risk rating methodology assigns risk ratings ranging from 1 to 9, where a higher rating represents higher risk. The Company differentiates its loan segments based on shared risk characteristics for which expected credit losses are measured on a pool basis.
The nine risk rating categories can generally be described by the following groupings for loans:
"Pass" (grades 1 through 5): The Company has five pass risk ratings, which represent a level of credit quality that ranges from having no well-defined deficiency or weakness to some noted weakness; however, the risk of default on any loan classified as pass is expected to be remote. The five pass risk ratings are described below:
Minimal risk. Consist of loans that are fully secured either with cash held in a deposit account at the Bank or by readily marketable securities with an acceptable margin based on the type of security pledged.
Low risk. Consist of loans with a high investment grade rating equivalent.
Modest risk. Consist of loans where the credit facility greatly exceeds all policy requirements or with policy exceptions that are appropriately mitigated. A secondary source of repayment is verified and considered sustainable. Collateral coverage on these loans is sufficient to fully cover the debt as a tertiary source of repayment. Debt of the borrower is low relative to borrower’s financial strength and ability to pay.
Average risk. Consist of loans where the credit facility meets or exceeds all policy requirements or with policy exceptions that are appropriately mitigated. A secondary source of repayment is available to service the debt. Collateral coverage is more than adequate to cover the debt. The borrower exhibits acceptable cash flow and moderate leverage.
Acceptable risk. Consist of loans with an acceptable primary source of repayment but a less than preferable secondary source of repayment. Cash flow is adequate to service debt but there is minimal excess cash flow. Leverage is moderate or high.
"Special mention" (grade 6): These are generally assets that possess potential weaknesses that warrant management's close attention. These loans may involve borrowers with adverse financial trends, higher debt-to-equity ratios, or weaker liquidity positions, but not to the degree of being considered a “problem loan” where risk of loss may be apparent. Loans in this category are usually performing as agreed, although there may be non-compliance with financial covenants.
"Substandard" (grade 7): These assets are characterized by well-defined credit weaknesses and carry the distinct possibility the Company will sustain some loss if such weakness or deficiency is not corrected. All loans 90 days or more past due and all loans on nonaccrual status are considered at least "Substandard," unless extraordinary circumstances would suggest otherwise.
"Doubtful" (grade 8): These assets have all the weaknesses inherent in those classified as "Substandard" with the added characteristic that the weaknesses present make collection or liquidation in full, on the basis of currently existing facts, conditions and values, highly questionable and improbable, but because of certain known factors that may work to the advantage and strengthening of the asset (for example, capital injection, perfecting liens on additional collateral and refinancing plans), classification as an estimated loss is deferred until a more precise status may be determined. Due to the high probability of loss, loans classified as "Doubtful" are placed on nonaccrual status.
"Loss" (grade 9): These assets are considered uncollectible and having such little recoverable value, it is not practical to defer writing off the asset. This classification does not mean the loan has absolutely no recovery or salvage value, but rather it is not practicable or desirable to defer writing off the asset, even though partial recovery may be achieved in the future.
Transfers of financial assets
Transfers of financial assets
A transfer of a financial asset is accounted for as a sale when control over the asset has been surrendered. Control over a transferred asset is deemed surrendered when the: 1) asset has been isolated from the Company; 2) transferee obtains the right to pledge or exchange the transferred asset; and 3) Company no longer maintains effective control over the transferred asset through an agreement to repurchase the transferred asset before maturity. If a transfer of a financial asset does not qualify as a sale, the proceeds from the transfer are accounted for as a secured borrowing.
Premises and equipment
Premises and equipment
Premises and equipment amounts are stated at cost less accumulated depreciation and amortization. Depreciation is computed principally using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the assets. Leasehold improvements are amortized over the term of the lease or the estimated life of the improvement, whichever is shorter. Depreciation and amortization are computed using the following estimated lives: 
 Years
Bank premises
31
Furniture, fixtures, and equipment
3 - 10
Leasehold improvements
3 - 10
Software
1 - 8
Management periodically reviews premises and equipment in order to determine whether facts and circumstances suggest the value of an asset is not recoverable.
Mortgage servicing rights
Mortgage servicing rights
The Company generates MSRs from its mortgage banking business. When the Company sells mortgage loans in the secondary market and retains the right to service these loans, a servicing right asset is capitalized at the time of sale when the benefits of servicing are deemed to be greater than adequate compensation for performing the servicing activities. MSRs represent the then-current fair value of future net cash flows expected to be realized from performing servicing activities. The Company has elected to subsequently measure MSRs at fair value and report changes in fair value in current period income as a component of Net loan servicing revenue in the Consolidated Income Statement.
The Company may in the ordinary course of business sell MSRs and will recognize, as of the trade date, a gain or loss on the sale equal to the difference between the carrying value of the transferred MSRs and the estimated proceeds to be received as consideration. The Company subsequently derecognizes MSRs when substantially all of the risks and rewards of ownership are irrevocably passed to the transferee and any protection provisions retained by the Company are minor and can be reasonably estimated, which typically occurs on the settlement date. Protection provisions are considered to be minor if the obligation created by such provisions is estimated to be no more than 10 percent of the sales price and the Company retains the risk of prepayment for no more than 120 days. The Company records an estimated liability for retained protection provisions as of the trade date, with any changes in the estimated liability recorded in earnings. In addition, fees to transfer loans associated with the sold MSRs to a new servicer are also recorded on the settlement date. Gains or losses on sales of MSRs, net of retained protection provisions, and transfer fees are included in Net loan servicing revenue in the Consolidated Income Statement.
Leases (lessee)
Leases (lessee)
At inception, contracts are evaluated to determine whether the contract constitutes a lease agreement. For contracts that are determined to be an operating lease, a corresponding ROU asset and operating lease liability are recorded in separate line items on the Consolidated Balance Sheet. A ROU asset represents the Company’s right to use an underlying asset during the lease term and a lease liability represents the Company’s commitment to make contractually obligated lease payments. Operating lease ROU assets and liabilities are recognized at the commencement date of the lease and are based on the present value of lease payments over the lease term. The measurement of the operating lease ROU asset includes any lease payments made and is reduced by lease incentives that are paid or are payable to the Company. Variable lease payments that depend on an index or rate such as the Consumer Price Index are included in lease payments based on the rate in effect at the commencement date of the lease. Lease payments are recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term as Occupancy expense in the Consolidated Income Statements.
As the rate implicit in the lease is not readily determinable, the Company's incremental collateralized borrowing rate is used to determine the present value of lease payments. This rate gives consideration to the applicable FHLB collateralized borrowing rates and is based on the information available at the commencement date. The Company has elected to apply the short-term lease measurement and recognition exemption to leases with an initial term of 12 months or less; therefore, these leases are not recorded on the Company’s Consolidated Balance Sheet, but rather, lease expense is recognized over the lease term on a straight-line basis. The Company’s lease agreements may include options to extend or terminate the lease. These options are included in the lease term when it is reasonably certain the options will be exercised.
The Company also made an accounting policy election to not separate non-lease components from the associated lease component, and instead account for them together as part of the applicable lease component. The majority of the Company’s non-lease components such as common area maintenance, parking, and taxes are variable, and are expensed as incurred. Variable payment amounts are determined in arrears by the landlord depending on actual costs incurred.
Goodwill and other intangible assets
Goodwill and other intangible assets
The Company records as goodwill the excess of the purchase price in a business combination over the fair value of the identifiable net assets acquired in accordance with applicable guidance. The Company performs its annual goodwill and intangibles impairment tests as of October 1 each year, or more often if events or circumstances indicate the carrying value may not be recoverable. The Company may first elect to assess, through qualitative factors, whether it is more likely than not goodwill is impaired. If the qualitative assessment indicates potential impairment, a quantitative impairment test is performed. If, based on the quantitative test, a reporting unit's carrying amount exceeds its fair value, a goodwill impairment charge for this difference is recorded to current period earnings as non-interest expense.
The Company’s intangible assets consist of correspondent relationships, operating licenses, tradenames, core deposit intangibles, customer relationships, and developed technology assets that are being amortized over periods of five to 40 years. See "Note 25. Mergers, Acquisitions and Dispositions" of these Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for discussion of the intangible assets acquired in the DST acquisition.
The Company considers the remaining useful lives of its intangible assets each reporting period, as required by ASC 350, Intangibles—Goodwill and Other, to determine whether events and circumstances warrant a revision to the remaining period of amortization. If the estimate of an intangible asset’s remaining useful life has changed, the remaining carrying amount of the intangible asset is amortized prospectively over the revised remaining useful life. The Company has not revised its estimates of the useful lives of its intangible assets during the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022, or 2021.
Low income housing and renewable energy tax credits
Low income housing and renewable energy tax credits
The Company holds ownership interests in limited partnerships and limited liability companies that invest in affordable housing and renewable energy projects. These investments are designed to generate a return primarily through the realization of federal tax credits and deductions, which may be subject to recapture by taxing authorities if compliance requirements are not met. The Company accounts for its low income housing investments using the proportional amortization method. Renewable energy projects are accounted for under the deferral method, whereby the investment tax credits are reflected as an immediate reduction in income taxes payable and the carrying value of the asset in the period that the investment tax credits are claimed. See "Note 16. Income Taxes" of these Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for further discussion.
The Company evaluates its interests in these entities to determine whether it has a variable interest and whether it is required to consolidate these entities. A variable interest is an investment or other interest that will absorb portions of an entity's expected losses or receive portions of the entity's expected residual returns. If the Company determines it has a variable interest in an entity, it evaluates whether such interest is in a VIE. A VIE is broadly defined as an entity where either: 1) the equity investors
as a group, if any, lack the power through voting or similar rights to direct the activities of an entity that most significantly impact the entity's economic performance or 2) the equity investment at risk is insufficient to finance that entity's activities without additional subordinated financial support. The Company is required to consolidate any VIE when it is determined to be the primary beneficiary of the VIE's operations.
A variable interest holder is considered to be the primary beneficiary of a VIE if it has both the power to direct the activities of a VIE that most significantly impact the entity's economic performance and has the obligation to absorb losses of, or the right to receive benefits from, the entity that could potentially be significant to the VIE. The Company’s assessment of whether it is the primary beneficiary of a VIE includes consideration of various factors such as: 1) the Company's ability to direct the activities that most significantly impact the entity's economic performance; 2) its form of ownership interest; 3) its representation on the entity's governing body; 4) the size and seniority of its investment; and 5) its ability and the rights of other investors to participate in policy making decisions and to replace the manager of and/or liquidate the entity. The Company is required to evaluate whether to consolidate a VIE both at inception and on an ongoing basis as changes in circumstances require reconsideration.
The Company’s investments in qualified affordable housing and renewable energy projects meet the definition of a VIE as the entities are structured such that the limited partner investors lack substantive voting rights. The general partner or managing member has both the power to direct the activities that most significantly impact the economic performance of the entities and the obligation to absorb losses or the right to receive benefits that could be significant to the entities. Accordingly, as a limited partner, the Company is not the primary beneficiary and is not required to consolidate these entities.
Bank owned life insurance
Bank owned life insurance
BOLI is carried at its cash surrender value with changes recorded in other non-interest income in the Consolidated Income Statement. The face amount of the underlying life insurance policies was $452 million and $456 million as of December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. There are no loans offset against cash surrender values, and there are no restrictions as to the use of proceeds.
Credit linked notes
Credit linked notes
Credit linked notes are structured to effectively transfer the risk of first losses on a reference pool of loans and are considered to be free standing credit enhancements. These notes are recorded at the amount of the proceeds received, net of debt issuance costs. In addition, as the credit guarantee component of these notes is considered to be free standing, the ACL measured on the reference pool of loans in accordance with ASC 326 is not reduced by the credit guarantee. Rather, a contra debt balance equal to the estimated ACL on the reference pool of loans is recorded, which reduces the carrying value of the notes. The initial contra debt balance and subsequent adjustments are recorded with a corresponding gain or loss on recovery from credit guarantees recognized in earnings.
Stock compensation plans
Stock compensation plans
The Company has an incentive plan that gives the BOD the authority to grant stock awards, consisting of unrestricted stock, stock units, dividend equivalent rights, stock options (incentive and non-qualified), stock appreciation rights, restricted stock, and performance and annual incentive awards. Compensation expense on non-vested restricted stock awards is based on the fair value of the award on the measurement date which, for the Company, is the date of the grant and is recognized ratably over the service period of the award. Forfeitures are estimated at the time of the award grant and revised in subsequent periods if actual forfeitures differ from those estimates. The fair value of non-vested restricted stock awards is the market price of the Company’s stock on the date of grant.
The Company's performance stock units have a cumulative EPS target and a TSR performance measure component. The TSR component is a market-based performance condition that is separately valued as of the date of the grant. A Monte Carlo valuation model is used to determine the fair value of the TSR performance metric, which simulates potential TSR outcomes over the performance period and determines the payouts that would occur in each scenario. The resulting fair value of the TSR component is based on the average of these results. Compensation expense related to the TSR component is based on the fair value determination on the date of the grant and is not subsequently revised based on actual performance. Compensation expense related to the EPS component for these awards is based on the fair value (market price of the Company's stock on the date of the grant) of the award. Compensation expense related to both the TSR and EPS components is recognized ratably over the service period of the award.
Dividends, Preferred stock, Treasury shares and Sale of common stock under ATM program
Dividends
WAL is a legal entity separate and distinct from its subsidiaries. As a holding company with limited significant assets other than the capital stock of its subsidiaries, WAL's ability to pay dividends depends primarily upon the receipt of dividends or other capital distributions from its subsidiaries. The Company's subsidiaries' ability to pay dividends to WAL is subject to, among other things, their individual earnings, financial condition, and need for funds, as well as federal and state governmental policies and regulations applicable to WAL and each of those subsidiaries, which limit the amount that may be paid as dividends without prior approval. In addition, the terms and conditions of other securities the Company issues may restrict its ability to pay dividends to holders of the Company's common stock. For example, if any required payments on outstanding trust preferred securities are not made, WAL would be prohibited from paying cash dividends on its common stock.
Preferred stock
On September 22, 2021, the Company issued an aggregate of 12,000,000 depositary shares, each representing a 1/400th ownership interest in a share of the Company’s 4.250% Fixed-Rate Reset Non-Cumulative Perpetual Preferred Shares, Series A, par value $0.0001 per share, with a liquidation preference of $25 per Depositary Share (equivalent to $10,000 per share of Series A preferred stock). The Company's Series A preferred stock is perpetual preferred stock that is not subject to any mandatory redemption, resulting in classification as permanent equity. Dividends on preferred stock are recognized on the declaration date and are recorded as a reduction of retained earnings.
Treasury shares
The Company separately presents treasury shares, which represent shares surrendered to the Company equal in value to the statutory payroll tax withholding obligations arising from the vesting of employee restricted stock awards. Treasury shares are carried at cost.
Sales of common stock under ATM program
The Company has a distribution agency agreement with J.P. Morgan Securities LLC and Piper Sandler & Co., under which the Company may sell shares of its common stock on the NYSE. The Company pays the distribution agents a mutually agreed rate, not to exceed 2% of the gross offering proceeds of the shares sold pursuant to the distribution agency agreement. The common stock is sold at prevailing market prices at the time of the sale or at negotiated prices and, as a result, prices will vary. See "Note 12. Stockholders' Equity" of these Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for further discussion of this program.
Derivative financial instruments
Derivative financial instruments
Derivative instruments are contracts between two or more parties that have a notional amount and an underlying variable, require a small or no initial investment, and allow for the net settlement of positions. A derivative’s notional amount serves as the basis for the payment provision of the contract and takes the form of units, such as shares or dollars. A derivative’s underlying variable is a specified interest rate, security price, commodity price, foreign exchange rate, index, or other variable. The interaction between the notional amount and the underlying variable determines the number of units to be exchanged between the parties and influences the fair value of the derivative contract.
The Company recognizes derivatives as assets or liabilities on the Consolidated Balance Sheet at their fair value in accordance with ASC 815, Derivatives and Hedging. The accounting for changes in the fair value of a derivative instrument depends on whether it has been designated and qualifies as part of a hedging relationship and further, on the type of hedging relationship. Derivative instruments designated in a hedge relationship to mitigate exposure to changes in the fair value of an asset or liability attributable to a particular risk, such as interest rate risk, are considered fair value hedges.
The Company documents its hedge relationships, including identification of the hedging instruments and the hedged items, as well as its risk management objectives and strategies for undertaking the hedge transaction after the derivative contract is executed. At inception, the Company performs a quantitative assessment to determine whether the derivatives used in hedging transactions are highly effective (as defined in the guidance) in offsetting changes in the fair value of the hedged item. Retroactive effectiveness is assessed, as well as the continued expectation the hedge will remain effective prospectively. After the initial quantitative assessment is performed, on a quarterly basis, the Company performs a qualitative hedge effectiveness assessment. This assessment takes into consideration any adverse developments related to the counterparty's risk of default and any negative events or circumstances that affect the factors that originally enabled the Company to assess that it could reasonably support, qualitatively, an expectation the hedging relationship was and will continue to be highly effective. The Company discontinues hedge accounting prospectively when it is determined a hedge is no longer highly effective. When hedge accounting is discontinued on a fair value hedge that no longer qualifies as an effective hedge, the derivative instrument continues to be reported at fair value on the Consolidated Balance Sheet, but the carrying amount of the hedged item is no
longer adjusted for future changes in fair value. The adjustment to the carrying amount of the hedged item that existed at the date hedge accounting is discontinued is amortized over the remaining life of the hedged item into earnings.
The Company uses interest rate contracts to mitigate interest-rate risk associated with changes to the fair value of certain fixed-rate financial instruments (fair value hedges). Changes in the fair value of a derivative that is designated and qualifies as a fair value hedge, along with changes in the fair value of the hedged asset or liability attributable to the hedged risk, are recorded in the same line item as the offsetting loss or gain on the related interest rate contracts during the period of change. For loans, the gain or loss on the hedged item is included in interest income and for subordinated debt, the gain or loss on the hedged items was included in interest expense.
Derivative instruments not designated as hedges, so called free-standing derivatives, are reported on the Consolidated Balance Sheet at fair value and the changes in fair value are recognized in earnings as non-interest income during the period of change. The Company enters into commitments to purchase mortgage loans that will be held for sale. These loan commitments, described as IRLCs, qualify as derivative instruments, except those that are originated rather than purchased, and intended for HFI classification. Changes in fair value associated with changes in interest rates are economically hedged by utilizing forward sale commitments, interest rate futures, and interest rate swaps. These hedging instruments are typically entered into contemporaneously with IRLCs. Loans that have been or will be purchased or originated may be used to satisfy the Company's forward sale commitments. In addition, derivative financial instruments are also used to economically hedge the Company's MSR portfolio. Changes in the fair value of derivative financial instruments that hedge IRLCs and loans HFS are included in Net gain on loan origination and sale activities in the Consolidated Income Statement. Changes in the fair value of derivative financial instruments that hedge MSRs are included in Net loan servicing revenue in the Consolidated Income Statement.
The Company may in the normal course of business purchase a financial instrument or originate a loan that contains an embedded derivative instrument. Upon purchasing the instrument or originating the loan, the Company assesses whether the economic characteristics of the embedded derivative are clearly and closely related to the economic characteristics of the remaining component of the financial instrument (i.e., the host contract) and whether a separate instrument with the same terms as the embedded instrument would meet the definition of a derivative instrument. When it is determined the embedded derivative possesses economic characteristics that are not clearly and closely related to the economic characteristics of the host contract and a separate instrument with the same terms would qualify as a derivative instrument, the embedded derivative is separated from the host contract and carried at fair value. However, in cases where the host contract is measured at fair value, with changes in fair value reported in current earnings, or the Company is unable to reliably identify and measure an embedded derivative for separation from its host contract, the entire contract is carried on the Consolidated Balance Sheet at fair value and is not designated as a hedging instrument.
Off-balance sheet instruments
Off-balance sheet instruments
In the ordinary course of business, the Company enters into off-balance sheet financial instrument arrangements consisting of commitments to extend credit and letters of credit. Such financial instruments are recorded in the Consolidated Balance Sheets when funded. These off-balance sheet financial instruments impact, to varying degrees, elements of credit risk in excess of amounts recognized on the Consolidated Balance Sheet. Losses could be experienced when the Company is contractually obligated to make a payment under these instruments and must seek repayment from the borrower, which may not be as financially sound in the current period as they were when the commitment was originally made. Commitments to extend credit are agreements to lend to a customer as long as there is no violation of any condition established in the contract and, in certain instances, may be unconditionally cancellable. Commitments generally have fixed expiration dates or other termination clauses and may require payment of a fee. The Company enters into credit arrangements that generally provide for the termination of advances in the event of a covenant violation or other event of default. Since many of the commitments are expected to expire without being drawn upon, the total commitment amounts do not necessarily represent future cash requirements. The Company evaluates each customer’s creditworthiness on a case-by-case basis. The amount of collateral obtained, if deemed necessary by the Company upon extension of credit, is based on management’s credit evaluation of the party. The commitments are collateralized by the same types of assets used as loan collateral.
The Company also has off-balance sheet arrangements related to its derivative instruments. Derivative instruments are recognized in the Consolidated Balance Sheets at fair value and their notional values are carried off-balance sheet. See "Note 14. Derivatives and Hedging Activities" of these Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for further discussion.
Fair values of financial instruments
Fair values of financial instruments
The Company uses fair value measurements to record fair value adjustments to certain assets and liabilities. ASC 820, Fair Value Measurement, establishes a framework for measuring fair value and a three-level valuation hierarchy for disclosure of fair value measurement, and also sets forth disclosure requirements for fair value measurements. The valuation hierarchy is based upon the transparency of inputs to the valuation of an asset or liability as of the measurement date. The Company uses various valuation approaches, including market, income, and/or cost approaches. ASC 820 establishes a hierarchy for inputs used in measuring fair value that maximizes the use of observable inputs and minimizes the use of unobservable inputs by requiring observable inputs be used when available. Observable inputs are inputs market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability and are developed based on market data obtained from sources independent of the Company. Unobservable inputs are inputs that reflect the Company’s assumptions about the factors market participants would consider in pricing the asset or liability and are developed based on the best information available in the circumstances. The hierarchy is broken down into three levels based on the reliability of inputs, as follows:
Level 1 - Unadjusted quoted prices in active markets that are accessible at the measurement date for identical, unrestricted assets or liabilities.
Level 2 - Inputs other than quoted prices included in Level 1 that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly or indirectly. These might include quoted prices for similar instruments in active markets, quoted prices for identical or similar instruments in markets that are not active, inputs other than quoted prices that are observable for the asset or liability (such as interest rates, prepayment speeds, volatilities, etc.) or model-based valuation techniques where all significant assumptions are observable, either directly or indirectly, in the market.
Level 3 - Valuation is generated from model-based techniques where one or more significant inputs are not observable, either directly or indirectly, in the market. These unobservable assumptions reflect the Company’s own estimates of assumptions market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability. Valuation techniques may include use of matrix pricing, discounted cash flow models, and similar techniques.
The availability of observable inputs varies based on the nature of the specific financial instrument. To the extent valuation is based on models or inputs that are less observable or unobservable in the market, the determination of fair value requires more judgment. Accordingly, the degree of judgment exercised by the Company in determining fair value is greatest for instruments categorized in Level 3. In certain cases, the inputs used to measure fair value may fall into different levels of the fair value hierarchy. For disclosure purposes, the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement determines the level in the fair value hierarchy within which the fair value measurement falls in its entirety.
Fair value is a market-based measure considered from the perspective of a market participant who may purchase the asset or assume the liability, rather than an entity-specific measure. When market assumptions are available, ASC 820 requires the Company consider the assumptions market participants would use to estimate the fair value of the financial instrument at the measurement date.
ASC 825, Financial Instruments, requires disclosure of fair value information about financial instruments, whether or not recognized on the balance sheet, for which it is practicable to estimate value.
Management uses its best judgment in estimating the fair value of the Company’s financial instruments; however, there are inherent limitations in any estimation technique. Therefore, for substantially all financial instruments, the fair value estimates presented herein are not necessarily indicative of the amounts the Company could have realized in a sales transaction at December 31, 2023 and 2022. The estimated fair value amounts for December 31, 2023 and 2022 have been measured as of period-end and have not been re-evaluated or updated for purposes of these Consolidated Financial Statements subsequent to those dates. As such, the estimated fair values of these financial instruments subsequent to the reporting date may be different than the amounts reported at period-end.
The information in "Note 18. Fair Value Accounting" of these Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements should not be interpreted as an estimate of the fair value of the entire Company since a fair value calculation is only required for a limited portion of the Company’s assets and liabilities.
Due to the wide range of valuation techniques and the degree of subjectivity used in making the estimate, comparisons between the Company’s disclosures and those of other companies or banks may not be meaningful.
The following methods and assumptions were used by the Company in estimating the fair value of its financial instruments:
Cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash
The carrying amounts reported on the Consolidated Balance Sheet for cash and due from banks approximate their fair value.
Investment securities
The fair values of U.S. Treasury and certain other debt securities as well as publicly-traded CRA investments and exchange-listed common and preferred stock are based on quoted market prices and are categorized as Level 1 in the fair value hierarchy.
The fair values of debt securities not classified as Level 1 are primarily determined based on matrix pricing. Matrix pricing is a mathematical technique that utilizes observable market inputs including, yield curves, credit ratings, and prepayment speeds. Fair values determined using matrix pricing are generally categorized as Level 2 in the fair value hierarchy. In addition to matrix pricing, the Company uses other pricing sources, including observed prices on publicly traded securities and dealer quotes, to estimate the fair value of debt securities, which are also categorized as Level 2 in the fair value hierarchy.
Loans HFS
Government-insured or guaranteed and agency-conforming loans HFS are salable into active markets. Accordingly, the fair value of these loans is based on quoted market or contracted selling prices or a market price equivalent, which are categorized as Level 2 in the fair value hierarchy.
The fair value of non-agency loans HFS as well as certain loans that become nonsalable into active markets due to the identification of a defect is determined based on valuation techniques that utilize Level 3 inputs.
Loans HFI
The fair value of loans HFI is estimated based on discounted cash flows using interest rates currently being offered for loans with similar terms to borrowers with similar credit quality and adjustments the Company believes a market participant would consider in determining fair value based on a third-party independent valuation. As a result, the fair value for loans HFI is categorized as Level 3 in the fair value hierarchy.
Mortgage servicing rights
The fair value of MSRs is estimated using a discounted cash flow model that incorporates assumptions a market participant would use in estimating the fair value of servicing rights, including, but not limited to, option adjusted spread, conditional prepayment rate, servicing fee rate, and cost to service. As a result, the fair value for MSRs is categorized as Level 3 in the fair value hierarchy.
Accrued interest receivable and payable
The carrying amounts reported on the Consolidated Balance Sheet for accrued interest receivable and payable approximate their fair values.
Derivative financial instruments
All derivatives are recognized on the Consolidated Balance Sheets at fair value. The valuation methodologies used to estimate the fair value of derivative instruments varies by type. Interest rate contracts, foreign currency contracts, and forward purchase and sales contracts are measured based on valuation techniques using Level 2 inputs, such as quoted market price, contracted selling price, or market price equivalent. IRLCs are measured based on valuation techniques that consider loan type, underlying loan amount, maturity date, note rate, loan program, and expected settlement date, with Level 3 inputs for the servicing release premium and pull-through rate. These measurements are adjusted at the loan level to consider the servicing release premium and loan pricing adjustment specific to each loan. The base value is then adjusted for the pull-through rate. The pull-through rate and servicing fee multiple are unobservable inputs based on historical experience.
Deposits
The fair value for demand and savings deposits is by definition equal to the amount payable on demand at the reporting date (that is, their carrying amount), as these deposits do not have a contractual term. The carrying amount for variable rate deposit accounts approximates their fair value. Fair values for fixed rate certificates of deposit are estimated using a discounted cash flow calculation that applies interest rates currently being offered on certificates to a schedule of aggregated expected monthly maturities on these deposits. The fair value measurement of deposit liabilities is categorized as Level 2 in the fair value hierarchy.
FHLB advances and repurchase agreements
The fair values of the Company’s borrowings are estimated using discounted cash flow analyses, based on the market rates for similar types of borrowing arrangements. The carrying value of FHLB advances and repurchase agreements approximate their
fair values due to their short durations and have been categorized as Level 2 in the fair value hierarchy.
Credit linked notes
The fair value of credit linked notes is based on observable inputs, when available, and as such credit linked notes are categorized as Level 2 liabilities.
Subordinated debt
The fair value of subordinated debt is based on the market rate for the respective subordinated debt security. Subordinated debt has been categorized as Level 2 in the fair value hierarchy.
Junior subordinated debt
Junior subordinated debt is valued based on a discounted cash flow model which uses the Treasury Bond rates and the 'BB' and 'BBB' rated financial indexes as inputs. Junior subordinated debt has been categorized as Level 3 in the fair value hierarchy.
Income taxes
Income taxes
The Company is subject to income taxes in the United States and files a consolidated federal income tax return with all of its subsidiaries, with the exception of BW Real Estate, Inc. Deferred income taxes are recorded to reflect the effects of temporary differences between the financial reporting carrying amounts of assets and liabilities and their income tax bases using enacted tax rates expected to be in effect when the taxes are actually paid or recovered. As changes in tax laws or rates are enacted, deferred tax assets and liabilities are adjusted through the provision for income taxes.
Net DTAs are recorded to the extent these assets will more-likely-than-not be realized. In making these determinations, all available positive and negative evidence is considered, including scheduled reversals of deferred tax liabilities, tax planning strategies, projected future taxable income, and recent operating results. If it is determined that deferred income tax assets to be realized in the future are in excess of their net recorded amount, an adjustment to the valuation allowance will be recorded, which will reduce the Company's provision for income taxes.
A tax benefit from an unrecognized tax benefit may be recognized when it is more-likely-than-not the position will be sustained upon examination, including related appeals or litigation, based on technical merits. Income tax benefits must meet a more-likely-than-not recognition threshold at the effective date to be recognized.
Interest and penalties on income taxes are recognized as part of interest income or expense and non-interest expense, respectively, in the Consolidated Income Statement. See "Note 16. Income Taxes" of these Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for further discussion on income taxes.
Non-interest income
Non-interest income
Non-interest income includes revenue associated with mortgage banking and commercial banking activities, investment securities, equity investments, and BOLI. These non-interest income streams are primarily generated by different types of financial instruments held by the Company for which there is specific accounting guidance and therefore, are not within the scope of ASC 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers.
Non-interest income amounts within the scope of ASC 606 include service charges and fees, success fees related to equity investments, debit and credit card interchange fees, and legal settlement services fees. Service charges and fees consist of fees earned from performance of account analysis, general account services, and other deposit account services. These fees are recognized as the related services are provided. Success fees are one-time fees detailed as part of certain loan agreements and are earned immediately upon occurrence of a triggering event. Card income includes fees earned from customer use of debit and credit cards, interchange income from merchants, and international charges. Card income is generally within the scope of ASC 310, Receivables; however, certain processing transactions for merchants, such as interchange fees, are within the scope of ASC 606. The Company generally receives payment for its services during the period or at the time services are provided and, therefore, does not have material contract asset or liability balances at period end. Legal settlement service fees relate to payment services provided for the distribution of funds from legal settlements and are recognized upon transfer of funds to a claimant. See "Note 24. Revenue from Contracts with Customers" of these Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for further details related to the nature and timing of revenue recognition for non-interest income revenue streams within the scope of this standard.
v3.24.0.1
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Tables)
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2023
Accounting Policies [Abstract]  
Schedule of Estimated Lives Depreciation and amortization are computed using the following estimated lives: 
 Years
Bank premises
31
Furniture, fixtures, and equipment
3 - 10
Leasehold improvements
3 - 10
Software
1 - 8
The following is a summary of the major categories of premises and equipment:
 December 31,
 20232022
 (in millions)
Bank premises$96 $95 
Construction in progress82 60 
Furniture, fixtures, and equipment108 97 
Land and improvements32 32 
Leasehold improvements85 66 
Software142 83 
Total545 433 
Accumulated depreciation and amortization(206)(157)
Premises and equipment, net$339 $276 
v3.24.0.1
Investment Securities (Tables)
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2023
Investments, Debt and Equity Securities [Abstract]  
Carrying Amounts and Fair Values of Investment Securities
The carrying amounts and fair values of investment securities at December 31, 2023 and 2022 are summarized as follows: 
December 31, 2023
Amortized CostGross Unrealized GainsGross Unrealized (Losses)Fair Value
(in millions)
Held-to-maturity
Tax-exempt$1,243 $1 $(140)$1,104 
Private label residential MBS186  (39)147 
Total HTM securities$1,429 $1 $(179)$1,251 
Available-for-sale debt securities
U.S. Treasury securities$4,853 $1 $(1)$4,853 
Residential MBS issued by GSEs2,328 3 (359)1,972 
CLO1,407 1 (9)1,399 
Private label residential MBS1,320 1 (204)1,117 
Tax-exempt925  (67)858 
Commercial MBS issued by GSEs531 8 (9)530 
Corporate debt securities411  (44)367 
Other74 4 (9)69 
Total AFS debt securities$11,849 $18 $(702)$11,165 
December 31, 2022
Amortized CostGross Unrealized GainsGross Unrealized (Losses)Fair Value
(in millions)
Held-to-maturity
Tax-exempt$1,091 $— $(138)$953 
Private label residential MBS198 — (39)159 
Total HTM securities$1,289 $— $(177)$1,112 
Available-for-sale debt securities
CLO$2,796 $— $(90)$2,706 
Residential MBS issued by GSEs2,123 — (383)1,740 
Private label residential MBS1,442 — (243)1,199 
Tax-exempt1,004 (115)891 
Corporate debt securities429 — (39)390 
Commercial MBS issued by GSEs104 (8)97 
Other75 (12)69 
Total AFS debt securities$7,973 $$(890)$7,092 
AFS Debt Securities in an Unrealized Loss Position
The following tables summarize the Company's AFS debt securities in an unrealized loss position, aggregated by major security type and length of time in a continuous unrealized loss position:
December 31, 2023
Less Than Twelve MonthsMore Than Twelve MonthsTotal
Gross Unrealized LossesFair ValueGross Unrealized LossesFair ValueGross Unrealized LossesFair Value
(in millions)
Available-for-sale debt securities
U.S. Treasury securities$1 $2,208 $ $ $1 $2,208 
Residential MBS issued by GSEs3 174 356 1,551 359 1,725 
Private label residential MBS  204 1,020 204 1,020 
CLO  9 845 9 845 
Tax-exempt3 67 64 773 67 840 
Corporate debt securities (1)  44 359 44 359 
Commercial MBS issued by GSEs  9 53 9 53 
Other  9 54 9 54 
Total AFS securities$7 $2,449 $695 $4,655 $702 $7,104 
(1)Includes securities with an ACL that have a fair value of $54 million and unrealized losses of $8 million.
December 31, 2022
Less Than Twelve MonthsMore Than Twelve MonthsTotal
Gross Unrealized LossesFair ValueGross Unrealized LossesFair ValueGross Unrealized LossesFair Value
(in millions)
Available-for-sale debt securities
CLO$81 $2,467 $$216 $90 $2,683 
Residential MBS issued by GSEs82 600 301 1,101 383 1,701 
Private label residential MBS27 279 216 912 243 1,191 
Tax-exempt93 752 22 78 115 830 
Corporate debt securities28 263 11 120 39 383 
Commercial MBS issued by GSEs46 14 60 
Other26 26 12 52 
Total AFS securities$319 $4,433 $571 $2,467 $890 $6,900 
Rollforward by Major Security Type of the ACL
The following table presents a rollforward by major security type of the ACL on the Company's AFS debt securities:
Year Ended December 31, 2023
Balance,
December 31, 2022
Provision for Credit LossesCharge-offsRecoveriesBalance,
December 31, 2023
(in millions)
Available for sale securities
Corporate debt securities$ $18.5 $(17.1)$ $1.4 
There were no credit losses recognized on AFS securities during the year ended December 31, 2022.
The credit loss model under ASC 326-20, applicable to HTM debt securities, requires recognition of lifetime expected credit losses through an allowance account at the time the security is purchased.
The following table presents a rollforward by major security type of the ACL on the Company's HTM debt securities:
Year Ended December 31, 2023
Balance,
December 31, 2022
Provision for Credit LossesCharge-offsRecoveriesBalance,
December 31, 2023
(in millions)
Held-to-maturity debt securities
Tax-exempt$5.2 $2.6 $ $ $7.8 
Year Ended December 31, 2022:
Balance,
December 31, 2021
Provision for Credit LossesCharge-offsRecoveriesBalance
December 31, 2022
(in millions)
Held-to-maturity debt securities
Tax-exempt$5.2 $— $— $— $5.2 
Investment Securities by Credit Rating Type
The following tables summarize the carrying amount of the Company’s investment ratings position as of December 31, 2023 and 2022, which are updated quarterly and used to monitor the credit quality of the Company's securities: 
December 31, 2023
AAASplit-rated AAA/AA+AA+ to AA-A+ to A-BBB+ to BBB-BB+ and belowUnratedTotals
(in millions)
Held-to-maturity
Tax-exempt$ $ $ $ $ $ $1,243 $1,243 
Private label residential MBS      186 186 
Total HTM securities (1)$ $ $ $ $ $ $1,429 $1,429 
Available-for-sale debt securities
U.S. Treasury securities$ $4,853 $ $ $ $ $ $4,853 
Residential MBS issued by GSEs 1,972      1,972 
CLO79  1,265 55    1,399 
Private label residential MBS1,090  26   1  1,117 
Tax-exempt9 16 361 386   86 858 
Commercial MBS issued by GSEs 530      530 
Corporate debt securities   76 211 80  367 
Other  9 11 28 4 17 69 
Total AFS securities (1)$1,178 $7,371 $1,661 $528 $239 $85 $103 $11,165 
Equity securities
Preferred stock$ $ $ $ $54 $35 $11 $100 
CRA investments 26      26 
Total equity securities (1)$ $26 $ $ $54 $35 $11 $126 
(1)For rated securities, if ratings differ, the Company uses an average of the available ratings by major credit agencies.
December 31, 2022
AAASplit-rated AAA/AA+AA+ to AA-A+ to A-BBB+ to BBB-BB+ and belowUnratedTotals
(in millions)
Held-to-maturity
Tax-exempt$— $— $— $— $— $— $1,091 $1,091 
Private label residential MBS— — — — — — 198 198 
Total HTM securities (1)$— $— $— $— $— $— $1,289 $1,289 
Available-for-sale debt securities
CLO$310 $— $2,121 $275 $— $— $— $2,706 
Residential MBS issued by GSEs— 1,740 — — — — — 1,740 
Private label residential MBS1,158 — 41 — — — — 1,199 
Tax-exempt11 15 392 425 — — 48 891 
Corporate debt securities— — — 74 316 — — 390 
Commercial MBS issued by GSEs— 97 — — — — — 97 
Other— — 27 18 69 
Total AFS securities (1)$1,479 $1,852 $2,563 $783 $343 $$66 $7,092 
Equity securities
Preferred stock$— $— $— $— $82 $17 $$108 
CRA investments— 24 — — — — 25 49 
Common stock— — — — — — 
Total equity securities (1)$— $24 $— $— $82 $17 $37 $160 
(1)For rated securities, if ratings differ, the Company uses an average of the available ratings by major credit agencies.
Amortized Cost and Fair Value of the Company's Debt Securities
The amortized cost and fair value of the Company's debt securities as of December 31, 2023, by contractual maturities, are shown below. MBS are shown separately as individual MBS are comprised of pools of loans with varying maturities. Therefore, these securities are listed separately in the maturity summary.
December 31, 2023
Amortized CostEstimated Fair Value
(in millions)
Held-to-maturity
Due in one year or less$17 $17 
After one year through five years20 20 
After five years through ten years86 76 
After ten years1,120 991 
Mortgage-backed securities186 147 
Total HTM securities$1,429 $1,251 
Available-for-sale
Due in one year or less$4,099 $4,099 
After one year through five years921 912 
After five years through ten years556 518 
After ten years2,094 2,017 
Mortgage-backed securities4,179 3,619 
Total AFS securities$11,849 $11,165 
Gross Gains and (Losses) on Sales of Investment Securities
The following table presents gross gains and losses on sales of investment securities: 
Year Ended December 31,
202320222021
(in millions)
Available-for-sale securities
Gross gains$4.0 $7.6 $8.4 
Gross losses(44.4)(0.2)— 
Net gains (losses) on AFS securities$(40.4)$7.4 $8.4 
Equity securities
Gross gains $ $— $0.1 
Gross losses(0.4)(0.5)(0.2)
Net losses on equity securities$(0.4)$(0.5)$(0.1)
v3.24.0.1
Loans Held For Sale (Tables)
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2023
Receivables [Abstract]  
Summary of Loans
The following is a summary of loans HFS by type:
December 31,
20232022
(in millions)
Government-insured or guaranteed:
EBO (1)$2 $— 
Non-EBO498 591 
Total government-insured or guaranteed500 591 
Agency-conforming899 593 
Non-agency3 — 
Total loans HFS$1,402 $1,184 
(1)    EBO loans are delinquent FHA, VA, or USDA loans purchased from GNMA pools under the terms of the GNMA MBS program that can be repooled when loans are brought current either through the borrower's reperformance or through completion of a loan modification.
The following is a summary of the net gain on loan purchase, origination, and sale activities on residential mortgage loans to be sold or securitized:
Year Ended December 31,
20232022
(in millions)
Mortgage servicing rights capitalized upon sale of loans$864.5 $719.7 
Net proceeds from sale of loans (1)(785.6)(1,076.6)
Provision for and change in estimate of liability for losses under representations and warranties, net5.2 1.7 
Change in fair value15.0 (6.8)
Change in fair value of derivatives:
Unrealized loss on derivatives(18.4)(5.9)
Realized gain on derivatives55.4 408.0 
Total change in fair value of derivatives37.0 402.1 
Net gain on residential mortgage loans HFS$136.1 $40.1 
Loan acquisition and origination fees57.4 63.9 
Net gain on loan origination and sale activities$193.5 $104.0 
(1)     Represents the difference between cash proceeds received upon settlement and loan basis
v3.24.0.1
Loans, Leases and Allowance for Credit Losses (Tables)
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2023
Receivables [Abstract]  
Schedule of Held for Investment Loan Portfolio Composition of Loans, Leases and Allowance for Credit Losses
The composition of the Company's HFI loan portfolio is as follows:
December 31,
20232022
(in millions)
Warehouse lending$6,618 $5,561 
Municipal & nonprofit1,554 1,524 
Tech & innovation2,808 2,293 
Equity fund resources845 3,717 
Other commercial and industrial7,452 7,793 
CRE - owner occupied1,658 1,656 
Hotel franchise finance3,855 3,807 
Other CRE - non-owner occupied5,974 5,457 
Residential13,287 13,996 
Residential - EBO1,223 1,884 
Construction and land development4,862 3,995 
Other161 179 
Total loans HFI50,297 51,862 
Allowance for credit losses(337)(310)
Total loans HFI, net of allowance$49,960 $51,552 
Summary of Recorded Investment in Nonaccrual Loans and Loans Past Due 90 Days Still Accruing Interest by Loan Class
The following tables present nonperforming loan balances by loan portfolio segment:
December 31, 2023
Nonaccrual with No Allowance for Credit LossNonaccrual with an Allowance for Credit LossTotal NonaccrualLoans Past Due 90 Days or More and Still Accruing
(in millions)
Municipal & nonprofit$ $6 $6 $ 
Tech & innovation23 10 33  
Other commercial and industrial19 34 53  
CRE - owner occupied8 1 9  
Other CRE - non-owner occupied82 1 83  
Residential 70 70  
Residential - EBO   399 
Construction and land development19  19 42 
Total$151 $122 $273 $441 
December 31, 2022
Nonaccrual with No Allowance for Credit LossNonaccrual with an Allowance for Credit LossTotal NonaccrualLoans Past Due 90 Days or More and Still Accruing
(in millions)
Municipal & nonprofit$— $$$— 
Tech & innovation— — 
Other commercial and industrial23 24 — 
CRE - owner occupied10 12 — 
Hotel franchise finance— 10 10 — 
Other CRE - non-owner occupied— 
Residential— 19 19 — 
Residential - EBO— — — 582 
Construction and land development— — 
Total$20 $65 $85 $582 
Contractual Aging of Loan Portfolio by Class of Loans Including Loans Held for Sale and Excluding Deferred Fees/Costs
The following table presents an aging analysis of past due loans by loan portfolio segment:
December 31, 2023
Current30-59 Days
Past Due
60-89 Days
Past Due
Over 90 days
Past Due
Total
Past Due
Total
(in millions)
Warehouse lending$6,618 $ $ $ $ $6,618 
Municipal & nonprofit1,554     1,554 
Tech & innovation2,808     2,808 
Equity fund resources845     845 
Other commercial and industrial7,439 13   13 7,452 
CRE - owner occupied1,627  31  31 1,658 
Hotel franchise finance3,824 15 16  31 3,855 
Other CRE - non-owner occupied5,974     5,974 
Residential13,199 68 20  88 13,287 
Residential - EBO545 173 106 399 678 1,223 
Construction and land development4,820   42 42 4,862 
Other160 1   1 161 
Total loans$49,413 $270 $173 $441 $884 $50,297 
December 31, 2022
Current30-59 Days
Past Due
60-89 Days
Past Due
Over 90 days
Past Due
Total
Past Due
Total
(in millions)
Warehouse lending$5,561 $— $— $— $— $5,561 
Municipal & nonprofit1,524 — — — — 1,524 
Tech & innovation2,270 23 — — 23 2,293 
Equity fund resources3,717 — — — — 3,717 
Other commercial and industrial7,791 — — 7,793 
CRE - owner occupied1,656 — — — — 1,656 
Hotel franchise finance3,807 — — — — 3,807 
Other CRE - non-owner occupied5,454 — — 5,457 
Residential13,955 37 — 41 13,996 
Residential - EBO969 217 116 582 915 1,884 
Construction and land development3,995 — — — — 3,995 
Other178 — — 179 
Total loans$50,877 $283 $120 $582 $985 $51,862 
Loans by Risk Rating The following tables present risk ratings by loan portfolio segment and origination year. The origination year is the year of origination or renewal.
Term Loan Amortized Cost Basis by Origination YearRevolving Loans Amortized Cost BasisTotal
As of and for the year ended December 31, 202320232022202120202019Prior
(in millions)
Warehouse lending
Pass$582 $323 $7 $289 $ $ $5,391 $6,592 
Special mention      26 26 
Classified        
Total$582 $323 $7 $289 $ $ $5,417 $6,618 
Current period gross charge-offs$ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ 
Municipal & nonprofit
Pass$102 $167 $176 $169 $68 $848 $ $1,530 
Special mention 7  11    18 
Classified    6   6 
Total$102 $174 $176 $180 $74 $848 $ $1,554 
Current period gross charge-offs$ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ 
Tech & innovation
Pass$758 $774 $206 $22 $66 $38 $816 $2,680 
Special mention5 30 12    1 48 
Classified15 52 1 5   7 80 
Total$778 $856 $219 $27 $66 $38 $824 $2,808 
Current period gross charge-offs$1.7 $1.1 $0.6 $3.5 $ $ $ $6.9 
Equity fund resources
Pass$154 $62 $21 $3 $1 $ $604 $845 
Special mention        
Classified        
Total$154 $62 $21 $3 $1 $ $604 $845 
Current period gross charge-offs$ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ 
Other commercial and industrial
Pass$1,610 $1,454 $559 $185 $77 $196 $3,186 $7,267 
Special mention90 1 1    1 93 
Classified1 25 59 2 4  1 92 
Total$1,701 $1,480 $619 $187 $81 $196 $3,188 $7,452 
Current period gross charge-offs$0.8 $3.4 $13.2 $3.9 $0.3 $0.2 $0.9 $22.7 
CRE - owner occupied
Pass$165 $344 $322 $163 $132 $444 $40 $1,610 
Special mention     1  1 
Classified2 1 4 1 1 38  47 
Total$167 $345 $326 $164 $133 $483 $40 $1,658 
Current period gross charge-offs$ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ 
Hotel franchise finance
Pass$593 $1,535 $566 $95 $419 $165 $132 $3,505 
Special mention34  66  35 68  203 
Classified24 8 48  43 24  147 
Total$651 $1,543 $680 $95 $497 $257 $132 $3,855 
Current period gross charge-offs$ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ 
Term Loan Amortized Cost Basis by Origination YearRevolving Loans Amortized Cost BasisTotal
As of and for the year ended December 31, 202320232022202120202019Prior
(in millions)
Other CRE - non-owner occupied
Pass$1,832 $1,784 $754 $457 $166 $206 $387 $5,586 
Special mention164  16 43 28   251 
Classified28  93 1 14 1  137 
Total$2,024 $1,784 $863 $501 $208 $207 $387 $5,974 
Current period gross charge-offs$ $ $5.1 $ $ $0.1 $ $5.2 
Residential
Pass$324 $3,577 $7,999 $820 $270 $207 $20 $13,217 
Special mention        
Classified1 26 33 4 4 2  70 
Total$325 $3,603 $8,032 $824 $274 $209 $20 $13,287 
Current period gross charge-offs$ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ 
Residential - EBO
Pass$2 $8 $227 $534 $231 $221 $ $1,223 
Special mention        
Classified        
Total$2 $8 $227 $534 $231 $221 $ $1,223 
Current period gross charge-offs$ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ 
Construction and land development
Pass$1,013 $2,231 $385 $10 $ $ $1,151 $4,790 
Special mention        
Classified1 19  52    72 
Total$1,014 $2,250 $385 $62 $ $ $1,151 $4,862 
Current period gross charge-offs$ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ 
Other
Pass$4 $10 $3 $11 $3 $62 $66 $159 
Special mention     1  1 
Classified     1  1 
Total$4 $10 $3 $11 $3 $64 $66 $161 
Current period gross charge-offs$ $0.2 $ $ $ $0.2 $ $0.4 
Total by Risk Category
Pass$7,139 $12,269 $11,225 $2,758 $1,433 $2,387 $11,793 $49,004 
Special mention293 38 95 54 63 70 28 641 
Classified72 131 238 65 72 66 8 652 
Total$7,504 $12,438 $11,558 $2,877 $1,568 $2,523 $11,829 $50,297 
Current period gross charge-offs$2.5 $4.7 $18.9 $7.4 $0.3 $0.5 $0.9 $35.2 
Term Loan Amortized Cost Basis by Origination YearRevolving Loans Amortized Cost BasisTotal
December 31, 202220222021202020192018Prior
(in millions)
Warehouse lending
Pass$397 $41 $152 $— $— $— $4,928 $5,518 
Special mention43 — — — — — — 43 
Classified— — — — — — — — 
Total$440 $41 $152 $— $— $— $4,928 $5,561 
Municipal & nonprofit
Pass$107 $185 $187 $78 $43 $917 $— $1,517 
Special mention— — — — — — — — 
Classified— — — — — — 
Total$107 $185 $187 $78 $43 $924 $— $1,524 
Tech & innovation
Pass$813 $374 $87 $66 $$$853 $2,198 
Special mention36 22 — — — 20 81 
Classified12 — — — — — 14 
Total$851 $408 $90 $66 $$$873 $2,293 
Equity fund resources
Pass$1,020 $1,189 $191 $16 $— $— $1,301 $3,717 
Special mention— — — — — — — — 
Classified— — — — — — — — 
Total$1,020 $1,189 $191 $16 $— $— $1,301 $3,717 
Other commercial and industrial
Pass$2,968 $1,272 $262 $277 $312 $206 $2,406 $7,703 
Special mention— 44 — — — — 47 
Classified21 10 43 
Total$2,971 $1,337 $272 $280 $315 $207 $2,411 $7,793 
CRE - owner occupied
Pass$338 $359 $174 $157 $211 $339 $29 $1,607 
Special mention— — — — — — 
Classified— 14 10 11 48 
Total$338 $373 $181 $158 $216 $350 $40 $1,656 
Hotel franchise finance
Pass$1,762 $726 $54 $528 $290 $103 $118 $3,581 
Special mention— — 26 — — — — 26 
Classified18 20 — 117 45 — — 200 
Total$1,780 $746 $80 $645 $335 $103 $118 $3,807 
Other CRE - non-owner occupied
Pass$2,344 $1,201 $870 $264 $160 $218 $315 $5,372 
Special mention38 — 12 — — 54 
Classified— — 12 10 — 31 
Total$2,347 $1,243 $870 $288 $170 $223 $316 $5,457 
Residential
Pass$4,041 $8,474 $878 $308 $150 $90 $36 $13,977 
Special mention— — — — — — — — 
Classified— — — 19 
Total$4,047 $8,483 $878 $311 $151 $90 $36 $13,996 
Residential - EBO
Pass$$268 $712 $454 $191 $256 $— $1,884 
Special mention— — — — — — — — 
Classified— — — — — — — — 
Total$$268 $712 $454 $191 $256 $— $1,884 
Term Loan Amortized Cost Basis by Origination YearRevolving Loans Amortized Cost BasisTotal
December 31, 202220222021202020192018Prior
(in millions)
Construction and land development
Pass$1,533 $815 $273 $14 $— $— $1,258 $3,893 
Special mention— — 98 — — — — 98 
Classified— — — — — — 
Total$1,533 $815 $371 $18 $— $— $1,258 $3,995 
Other
Pass$23 $10 $13 $$$61 $64 $178 
Special mention— — — — — — 
Classified— — — — — — — — 
Total$23 $10 $13 $$$62 $64 $179 
Total by Risk Category
Pass$15,349 $14,914 $3,853 $2,167 $1,363 $2,191 $11,308 $51,145 
Special mention82 104 127 12 — 24 351 
Classified29 80 17 140 64 23 13 366 
Total$15,460 $15,098 $3,997 $2,319 $1,427 $2,216 $11,345 $51,862 
Loans Modified During Period
The following table presents the amortized cost basis of loans HFI that were modified during the year ended December 31, 2023 by loan portfolio segment:
Amortized Cost Basis at December 31, 2023
Payment Delay and Term ExtensionTerm ExtensionPayment DelayTotal% of Total Class of Financing Receivable
(dollars in millions)
Tech & innovation$1 $6 $8 $15 0.5 %
Other commercial and industrial 23 8 31 0.4 %
CRE - owner occupied 3  3 0.2 %
Hotel franchise finance 37  37 1.0 %
Other CRE - non-owner occupied 119  119 2.0 %
Residential  1 1 0.0 %
Total$1 $188 $17 $206 0.4 %
Impaired Loans by Loan Class
The following table presents TDR loans by loan portfolio segment:
December 31, 2022
Number of LoansRecorded Investment
(dollars in millions)
Other commercial and industrial$
CRE - owner occupied
Hotel franchise finance10 
Other CRE - non-owner occupied
Total$14 
Average Investment in Impaired Loans by Loan Class
December 31,
2023December 31, 2022
Real Estate CollateralOther CollateralTotalReal Estate CollateralOther CollateralTotal
(in millions)
Municipal & nonprofit$ $6 $6 $— $$
Tech & innovation   — 
Other commercial and industrial 29 29 — 30 30 
CRE - owner occupied43  43 42 — 42 
Hotel franchise finance104  104 186 — 186 
Other CRE - non-owner occupied136  136 27 — 27 
Construction and land development71  71 — 
Total$354 $35 $389 $259 $43 $302 
Allowances for Credit Losses
The below tables reflect the activity in the ACL on loans HFI by loan portfolio segment, which includes an estimate of future recoveries:
Year Ended December 31, 2023
Balance,
December 31, 2022
Provision for (Recovery of) Credit LossesCharge-offsRecoveriesBalance,
December 31, 2023
(in millions)
Warehouse lending$8.4 $(2.6)$ $ $5.8 
Municipal & nonprofit15.9 (1.2)  14.7 
Tech & innovation30.8 18.2 6.9  42.1 
Equity fund resources6.4 (5.1)  1.3 
Other commercial and industrial85.9 13.2 22.7 (5.0)81.4 
CRE - owner occupied7.1 (1.1)  6.0 
Hotel franchise finance46.9 (13.5)  33.4 
Other CRE - non-owner occupied47.4 53.8 5.2  96.0 
Residential30.4 (7.4) (0.1)23.1 
Residential - EBO     
Construction and land development27.4 3.0   30.4 
Other3.1 (0.4)0.4 (0.2)2.5 
Total$309.7 $56.9 $35.2 $(5.3)$336.7 
Year Ended December 31, 2022
Balance,
December 31, 2021
Provision for (Recovery of) Credit LossesCharge-offsRecoveriesBalance,
December 31, 2022
(in millions)
Warehouse lending$3.0 $5.4 $— $— $8.4 
Municipal & nonprofit13.7 2.2 — — 15.9 
Tech & innovation25.7 3.0 — (2.1)30.8 
Equity fund resources9.6 (3.2)— — 6.4 
Other commercial and industrial103.6 (14.4)8.5 (5.2)85.9 
CRE - owner occupied10.6 (3.6)— (0.1)7.1 
Hotel franchise finance41.5 5.4 — — 46.9 
Other CRE - non-owner occupied16.9 30.4 — (0.1)47.4 
Residential12.5 17.8 — (0.1)30.4 
Residential - EBO— — — — — 
Construction and land development12.5 15.3 0.5 (0.1)27.4 
Other2.9 0.4 0.3 (0.1)3.1 
Total$252.5 $58.7 $9.3 $(7.8)$309.7 
The below table reflects the activity in the ACL on unfunded loan commitments:
Year Ended December 31,
20232022
(in millions)
Balance, beginning of period$47.0 $37.6 
(Recovery of) provision for credit losses (15.4)9.4 
Balance, end of period $31.6 $47.0 
The following tables disaggregate the Company's ACL on funded loans HFI and loan balances by measurement methodology:
December 31, 2023
LoansAllowance
Collectively Evaluated for Credit LossIndividually Evaluated for Credit LossTotalCollectively Evaluated for Credit LossIndividually Evaluated for Credit LossTotal
(in millions)
Warehouse lending$6,618 $ $6,618 $5.8 $ $5.8 
Municipal & nonprofit1,548 6 1,554 13.7 1.0 14.7 
Tech & innovation2,729 79 2,808 38.3 3.8 42.1 
Equity fund resources845  845 1.3  1.3 
Other commercial and industrial7,362 90 7,452 64.6 16.8 81.4 
CRE - owner occupied1,613 45 1,658 6.0  6.0 
Hotel franchise finance3,708 147 3,855 33.4  33.4 
Other CRE - non-owner occupied5,838 136 5,974 96.0  96.0 
Residential13,287  13,287 23.1  23.1 
Residential EBO1,223  1,223    
Construction and land development4,791 71 4,862 30.4  30.4 
Other161  161 2.5  2.5 
Total$49,723 $574 $50,297 $315.1 $21.6 $336.7 
December 31, 2022
LoansAllowance
Collectively Evaluated for Credit LossIndividually Evaluated for Credit LossTotalCollectively Evaluated for Credit LossIndividually Evaluated for Credit LossTotal
(in millions)
Warehouse lending$5,561 $— $5,561 $8.4 $— $8.4 
Municipal & nonprofit1,517 1,524 13.4 2.5 15.9 
Tech & innovation2,280 13 2,293 30.3 0.5 30.8 
Equity fund resources3,717 — 3,717 6.4 — 6.4 
Other commercial and industrial7,754 39 7,793 80.4 5.5 85.9 
CRE - owner occupied1,612 44 1,656 7.1 — 7.1 
Hotel franchise finance3,607 200 3,807 44.7 2.2 46.9 
Other CRE - non-owner occupied5,428 29 5,457 47.4 — 47.4 
Residential13,996 — 13,996 30.4 — 30.4 
Residential EBO1,884 — 1,884 — — — 
Construction and land development3,991 3,995 27.4 — 27.4 
Other179 — 179 3.1 — 3.1 
Total$51,526 $336 $51,862 $299.0 $10.7 $309.7 
v3.24.0.1
Mortgage Servicing Rights (Tables)
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2023
Transfers and Servicing [Abstract]  
Schedule of Servicing Assets at Fair Value
The following table presents the changes in fair value of the Company's MSR portfolio related to its mortgage banking business and other information related to its servicing portfolio:
Year Ended December 31,
20232022
(in millions)
Balance, beginning of period$1,148 $698 
Additions from loans sold with servicing rights retained865 720 
Carrying value of MSRs sold(800)(350)
Change in fair value11 192 
Mark to market adjustments4 — 
Realization of cash flows(104)(112)
Balance, end of period$1,124 $1,148 
Unpaid principal balance of mortgage loans serviced for others$68,647 $70,849 
Schedule of Sensitivity Analysis of Fair Value, Transferor's Interests in Transferred Financial Assets
The following table presents the effect of hypothetical changes in the fair value of MSRs caused by assumed immediate changes in interest rates, discount rates, and prepayment speeds that are used to determine fair value:
December 31, 2023
(in millions)
Fair value of mortgage servicing rights$1,124 
Increase (decrease) in fair value resulting from:
Interest rate change of 50 basis points
Adverse change(67)
Favorable change62 
Discount rate change of 50 basis points
Increase(21)
Decrease22 
Conditional prepayment rate change of 1%
Increase(32)
Decrease35 
Cost to service change of 10%
Increase(14)
Decrease14 
v3.24.0.1
Premises and Equipment (Tables)
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2023
Property, Plant and Equipment [Abstract]  
Schedule of Estimated Lives Depreciation and amortization are computed using the following estimated lives: 
 Years
Bank premises
31
Furniture, fixtures, and equipment
3 - 10
Leasehold improvements
3 - 10
Software
1 - 8
The following is a summary of the major categories of premises and equipment:
 December 31,
 20232022
 (in millions)
Bank premises$96 $95 
Construction in progress82 60 
Furniture, fixtures, and equipment108 97 
Land and improvements32 32 
Leasehold improvements85 66 
Software142 83 
Total545 433 
Accumulated depreciation and amortization(206)(157)
Premises and equipment, net$339 $276 
v3.24.0.1
Leases (Tables)
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2023
Leases [Abstract]  
Schedule of Operating Lease Liabilities by Contractual Maturity
The following is a schedule of the Company's operating lease liabilities by contractual maturity as of December 31, 2023:
(in millions)
2024$31 
202533 
202629 
202726 
202825 
Thereafter55 
Total lease payments$199 
Less: imputed interest20 
Total present value of lease liabilities$179 
Supplemental Cash Flow Information
The below table shows the supplemental cash flow information related to the Company's operating leases:
Year Ended December 31,
202320222021
(in millions)
Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of operating lease liabilities$19.3 $15.1 $16.3 
Right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for new operating lease liabilities6.3 51.6 76.7 
v3.24.0.1
Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets (Tables)
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2023
Goodwill and Intangible Assets Disclosure [Abstract]  
Summary of Goodwill by Reporting Unit
Below is a summary of the Company's goodwill by reporting unit:
December 31,
20232022
(in millions)
Commercial banking (1)$290 $290 
Mortgage banking (2)200 200 
Legal banking (3)37 37 
Total$527 $527 
(1)    This reporting unit offers a standard suite of commercial banking products and services through its traditional branch network, working together with the Company's national platform to provide specialized financial services, and is included within the Company's Commercial reportable segment.
(2)    This reporting unit offers mortgage lending products and services and is included within the Company's Consumer Related reportable segment.
(3)    This reporting unit provides specialized banking services to law firms and claims administrators, including settlement payment solutions, and is included within the Company's Consumer Related reportable segment.
Summary of Acquired Intangible Assets
The following is a summary of the Company's acquired intangible assets:
December 31, 2023December 31, 2022
Gross Carrying AmountAccumulated AmortizationNet Carrying AmountGross Carrying AmountAccumulated AmortizationNet Carrying Amount
(in millions)
Subject to amortization
Core deposits$14 $12 $2 $14 $11 $
Correspondent customer relationships76 10 66 76 69 
Customer relationships18 6 12 18 15 
Developed technology4 2 2 
Operating licenses56 4 52 56 54 
Trade names10 2 8 10 
Total intangible assets subject to amortization$178 $36 $142 $178 $25 $153 
Summary of Future Estimated Amortization Expenses
Below is a summary of future estimated aggregate amortization expense as of December 31, 2023:
 (in millions)
2024$10 
202510 
20269 
20278 
20288 
Thereafter97 
Total$142 
v3.24.0.1
Deposits (Tables)
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2023
Deposit [Abstract]  
Deposits by Type
The table below summarizes deposits by type: 
 December 31,
 20232022
 (in millions)
Non-interest-bearing demand deposits$14,520 $19,691 
Interest-bearing transaction accounts15,916 9,507 
Savings and money market accounts14,791 19,397 
Time certificates of deposit ($250,000 or more) (1)1,478 1,101 
Other time deposits8,628 3,948 
Total deposits$55,333 $53,644 
(1)    Retail brokered time deposits over $250,000 of $5.8 billion and $2.7 billion as of December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively, are included within Other time deposits as these deposits are generally participated out by brokers in shares below the FDIC insurance limit.
Summary of Contractual Maturities for all Time Deposits
The summary of the contractual maturities for all time deposits as of December 31, 2023 is as follows: 
(in millions)
2024$9,092 
20251,007 
20266 
20271 
Total$10,106 
v3.24.0.1
Other Borrowings (Tables)
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2023
Debt Disclosure [Abstract]  
Company's Borrowings
The following table summarizes the Company’s borrowings by type: 
December 31,
20232022
(in millions)
Short-Term:
Federal funds purchased$175 $640 
FHLB advances6,200 4,300 
Warehouse borrowings376 — 
Repurchase agreements6 27 
Secured borrowings27 25 
Total short-term borrowings$6,784 $4,992 
Long-Term:
AmeriHome senior notes, net of fair value adjustment$ $315 
Credit linked notes, net446 992 
Total long-term borrowings$446 $1,307 
Total other borrowings$7,230 $6,299 
The Company's outstanding credit linked note issuances are detailed in the tables below:
December 31, 2023
DescriptionIssuance DateMaturity DateInterest RatePrincipalDebt Issuance Costs
(in millions)
Residential mortgage loans (1)December 12, 2022October 25, 2052
SOFR + 7.80%
$90 $2 
Residential mortgage loans (2)June 30, 2022April 25, 2052
SOFR + 6.00%
179 3 
Residential mortgage loans (4)December 29, 2021July 25, 2059
SOFR + 4.67%
191 3 
Total$460 $8 
December 31, 2022
DescriptionIssuance DateMaturity DateInterest RatePrincipalDebt Issuance Costs
(in millions)
Residential mortgage loans (1)December 12, 2022October 25, 2052
SOFR + 7.80%
$95 $
Residential mortgage loans (2)June 30, 2022April 25, 2052
SOFR + 6.00%
189 
Equity fund resource loans (3)June 23, 2022June 30, 2028
SOFR + 6.75%
300 
Residential mortgage loans (4)December 29, 2021July 25, 2059
SOFR + 4.67%
202 
Warehouse loans (5)June 28, 2021December 30, 2024
LIBOR + 5.50%
242 
Total$1,028 $14 
(1)    There are multiple classes of these notes, each with an interest rate of SOFR plus a spread that ranges from 2.25% to 11.00% (or, a weighted average spread of 7.80%) on a reference pool balance of $1.8 billion and $1.9 billion as of December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively.
(2)    There are multiple classes of these notes, each with an interest rate of SOFR plus a spread that ranges from 2.25% to 15.00% (or, a weighted average spread of 6.00%) on a reference pool balance of $3.6 billion and $3.8 billion as of December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively.
(3)    These notes had a reference pool balance of $1.6 billion as of December 31, 2022.
(4)    There are six classes of these notes, each with an interest rate of SOFR plus a spread that ranges from 3.15% to 8.50% (or, a weighted average spread of 4.67%) on a reference pool balance of $3.8 billion and $4.0 billion as of December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively.
(5)    These notes had a reference pool balance of $689 million as of December 31, 2022.
Subordinated Debt
The Company's subordinated debt issuances are detailed in the tables below:
December 31, 2023
DescriptionIssuance DateMaturity DateInterest RatePrincipalDebt Issuance Costs
(in millions)
WAL fixed-to-variable-rate (1)June 2021June 15, 20313.00 %$600 $6 
WAB fixed-to-variable-rate (2)May 2020June 1, 20305.25 %225 1 
Total$825 $7 
December 31, 2022
DescriptionIssuance DateMaturity DateInterest RatePrincipalDebt Issuance Costs
(in millions)
WAL fixed-to-variable-rate (1)June 2021June 15, 20313.00 %$600 $
WAB fixed-to-variable-rate (2)May 2020June 1, 20305.25 %225 
Total$825 $
(1)    Notes are redeemable, in whole or in part, beginning on June 15, 2026 at their principal amount plus accrued and unpaid interest and has a fixed interest rate of 3.00%. The notes also convert to a variable rate of three-month SOFR plus 225 basis points on this date.
(2)    Debt is redeemable, in whole or in part, on or after June 1, 2025 at its principal amount plus accrued and unpaid interest and has a fixed interest rate of 5.25% through June 1, 2025 and then converts to a variable rate per annum equal to three-month SOFR plus 512 basis points.
v3.24.0.1
Qualifying Debt (Tables)
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2023
Debt Disclosure [Abstract]  
Company's Borrowings
The following table summarizes the Company’s borrowings by type: 
December 31,
20232022
(in millions)
Short-Term:
Federal funds purchased$175 $640 
FHLB advances6,200 4,300 
Warehouse borrowings376 — 
Repurchase agreements6 27 
Secured borrowings27 25 
Total short-term borrowings$6,784 $4,992 
Long-Term:
AmeriHome senior notes, net of fair value adjustment$ $315 
Credit linked notes, net446 992 
Total long-term borrowings$446 $1,307 
Total other borrowings$7,230 $6,299 
The Company's outstanding credit linked note issuances are detailed in the tables below:
December 31, 2023
DescriptionIssuance DateMaturity DateInterest RatePrincipalDebt Issuance Costs
(in millions)
Residential mortgage loans (1)December 12, 2022October 25, 2052
SOFR + 7.80%
$90 $2 
Residential mortgage loans (2)June 30, 2022April 25, 2052
SOFR + 6.00%
179 3 
Residential mortgage loans (4)December 29, 2021July 25, 2059
SOFR + 4.67%
191 3 
Total$460 $8 
December 31, 2022
DescriptionIssuance DateMaturity DateInterest RatePrincipalDebt Issuance Costs
(in millions)
Residential mortgage loans (1)December 12, 2022October 25, 2052
SOFR + 7.80%
$95 $
Residential mortgage loans (2)June 30, 2022April 25, 2052
SOFR + 6.00%
189 
Equity fund resource loans (3)June 23, 2022June 30, 2028
SOFR + 6.75%
300 
Residential mortgage loans (4)December 29, 2021July 25, 2059
SOFR + 4.67%
202 
Warehouse loans (5)June 28, 2021December 30, 2024
LIBOR + 5.50%
242 
Total$1,028 $14 
(1)    There are multiple classes of these notes, each with an interest rate of SOFR plus a spread that ranges from 2.25% to 11.00% (or, a weighted average spread of 7.80%) on a reference pool balance of $1.8 billion and $1.9 billion as of December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively.
(2)    There are multiple classes of these notes, each with an interest rate of SOFR plus a spread that ranges from 2.25% to 15.00% (or, a weighted average spread of 6.00%) on a reference pool balance of $3.6 billion and $3.8 billion as of December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively.
(3)    These notes had a reference pool balance of $1.6 billion as of December 31, 2022.
(4)    There are six classes of these notes, each with an interest rate of SOFR plus a spread that ranges from 3.15% to 8.50% (or, a weighted average spread of 4.67%) on a reference pool balance of $3.8 billion and $4.0 billion as of December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively.
(5)    These notes had a reference pool balance of $689 million as of December 31, 2022.
Subordinated Debt
The Company's subordinated debt issuances are detailed in the tables below:
December 31, 2023
DescriptionIssuance DateMaturity DateInterest RatePrincipalDebt Issuance Costs
(in millions)
WAL fixed-to-variable-rate (1)June 2021June 15, 20313.00 %$600 $6 
WAB fixed-to-variable-rate (2)May 2020June 1, 20305.25 %225 1 
Total$825 $7 
December 31, 2022
DescriptionIssuance DateMaturity DateInterest RatePrincipalDebt Issuance Costs
(in millions)
WAL fixed-to-variable-rate (1)June 2021June 15, 20313.00 %$600 $
WAB fixed-to-variable-rate (2)May 2020June 1, 20305.25 %225 
Total$825 $
(1)    Notes are redeemable, in whole or in part, beginning on June 15, 2026 at their principal amount plus accrued and unpaid interest and has a fixed interest rate of 3.00%. The notes also convert to a variable rate of three-month SOFR plus 225 basis points on this date.
(2)    Debt is redeemable, in whole or in part, on or after June 1, 2025 at its principal amount plus accrued and unpaid interest and has a fixed interest rate of 5.25% through June 1, 2025 and then converts to a variable rate per annum equal to three-month SOFR plus 512 basis points.
v3.24.0.1
Stockholders' Equity (Tables)
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2023
Stockholders' Equity Note [Abstract]  
Status of Unvested Shares of Restricted Stock and Changes During the Years
A summary of the status of the Company’s unvested shares of restricted stock and changes during the years then ended is presented below: 
 December 31,
 20232022
 SharesWeighted Average Grant Date Fair ValueSharesWeighted Average Grant Date Fair Value
 (in millions, except per share amounts)
Balance, beginning of period0.9 $84.16 0.9 $63.53 
Granted0.6 72.32 0.5 97.61 
Vested(0.3)65.59 (0.4)52.00 
Forfeited(0.1)82.46 (0.1)79.09 
Balance, end of period1.1 $83.19 0.9 $84.16 
v3.24.0.1
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) (Tables)
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2023
Equity [Abstract]  
Summary of Changes in Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income
The following table summarizes the changes in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) by component, net of tax: 
Unrealized holding gains (losses) on AFS securitiesUnrealized holding losses on SERPUnrealized holding gains (losses) on junior subordinated debtImpairment loss on securitiesTotal
(in millions)
Balance, December 31, 2020$92.1 $(0.3)$(0.5)$— $92.3 
Other comprehensive loss before reclassifications(69.0)— (1.2)— (70.2)
Amounts reclassified from AOCI(6.4)— — — (6.4)
Net current-period other comprehensive (loss) income(75.4)— (1.2)— 76.6 
Balance, December 31, 2021$16.7 $(0.3)$(0.7)$— $15.7 
Other comprehensive (loss) income before reclassifications(674.9)— 3.7 — (671.2)
Amounts reclassified from AOCI(5.5)— — — (5.5)
Net current-period other comprehensive (loss) income(680.4)— 3.7 — (676.7)
Balance, December 31, 2022$(663.7)$(0.3)$3.0 $— $(661.0)
Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications116.9  (0.2)1.2 117.9 
Amounts reclassified from AOCI30.2    30.2 
Net current-period other comprehensive income (loss)147.1  (0.2)1.2 148.1 
Balance, December 31, 2023$(516.6)$(0.3)$2.8 $1.2 $(512.9)
Schedule of Reclassifications Out of Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income
The following table presents reclassifications out of AOCI: 
Year Ended December 31,
Income Statement Classification202320222021
(in millions)
(Loss) gain on sales of AFS debt securities, net$(40.4)$7.4 $8.5 
Income tax benefit (expense)10.2 (1.9)(2.1)
Net of tax$(30.2)$5.5 $6.4 
v3.24.0.1
Derivatives and Hedging Activities (Tables)
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2023
Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities Disclosure [Abstract]  
Schedule of Derivative Assets at Fair Value
As of December 31, 2023 and 2022, the following amounts are reflected on the Consolidated Balance Sheet related to cumulative basis adjustments for outstanding fair value hedges:
December 31, 2023December 31, 2022
Carrying Value of Hedged Assets/(Liabilities)Cumulative Fair Value Hedging Adjustment (1)Carrying Value of Hedged Assets/(Liabilities)Cumulative Fair Value Hedging Adjustment (1)
(in millions)
Loans HFI, net of deferred loan fees and costs (2)$3,875 $(6)$447 $17 
(1)    Included in the carrying value of the hedged assets/(liabilities).
(2)    As of December 31, 2023, included portfolio layer method derivative instruments with $3.5 billion designated as the hedged amount (from a closed portfolio of prepayable fixed rate loans with a carrying value of $6.7 billion). The cumulative basis adjustment included in the carrying value of these hedged items totaled $19 million.
Derivative Gain (Loss) For loans, the gain or loss on the hedged item is included in interest income, as shown in the table below.
Year Ended December 31,
202320222021
Income Statement ClassificationGain/(Loss) on SwapsGain/(Loss) on Hedged ItemGain/(Loss) on SwapsGain/(Loss) on Hedged ItemGain/(Loss) on SwapsGain/(Loss) on Hedged Item
(in millions)
Interest income$(22.8)$23.8 $71.7 $(71.6)$44.8 $(45.6)
Interest expense  — — (2.7)2.7 
The following table summarizes the net gain (loss) on derivatives included in income:
Year Ended December 31,
20232022
(in millions)
Net gain (loss) on loan origination and sale activities:
Forward contracts$29.0 $425.6 
Interest rate lock commitments15.9 (7.4)
Interest rate swaps(8.9)(8.4)
Other contracts1.0 (7.6)
Total gain$37.0 $402.2 
Net loan servicing revenue:
Interest rate swaps$(32.4)$(54.6)
Forward contracts(15.4)(62.4)
Futures contracts4.5 (36.2)
Total loss$(43.3)$(153.2)
Schedule of Derivative Instruments in Statement of Financial Position
The following table summarizes the fair value of the Company's derivative instruments on a gross basis as of December 31, 2023, 2022, and 2021. The change in the notional amounts of these derivatives from December 31, 2021 to December 31, 2023 indicates the volume of the Company's derivative transaction activity during these periods. The derivative asset and liability balances are presented on a gross basis, prior to the application of bilateral collateral and master netting agreements. Total derivative assets and liabilities are adjusted to take into account the impact of legally enforceable master netting agreements that allow the Company to settle all derivative contracts with the same counterparty on a net basis and to offset the net derivative position with the related cash collateral. Where master netting agreements are not in effect or are not enforceable under bankruptcy laws, the Company does not adjust those derivative amounts with counterparties.
 December 31, 2023December 31, 2022December 31, 2021
 Fair ValueFair ValueFair Value
Notional
Amount
Derivative AssetsDerivative LiabilitiesNotional
Amount
Derivative AssetsDerivative LiabilitiesNotional
Amount
Derivative AssetsDerivative Liabilities
(in millions)
Derivatives designated as hedging instruments:
Fair value hedges
Interest rate contracts$3,895 $19 $24 $476 $18 $— $1,383 $14 $55 
Total$3,895 $19 $24 $476 $18 $— $1,383 $14 $55 
Derivatives not designated as hedging instruments (1):
Foreign currency contracts$135 $1 $1 $250 $$$180 $— $
Forward purchase contracts5,544 26  2,709 13 11,714 18 
Forward sales contracts7,626 1 55 4,985 16 17,358 16 18 
Futures purchase contracts (2), (3)124   — — — 949 — — 
Futures sales contracts (2), (3)10,906   8,706 — — 11,935 — — 
Interest rate lock commitments1,822 18  1,459 3,033 11 
Interest rate contracts3,628 19 20 1,538 — — 
Risk participation agreements72   48 — — — — — 
Total$29,857 $65 $76 $19,695 $29 $39 $45,173 $35 $39 
Margin 202 (9)— — 
Total, including margin$29,857 $267 $67 $19,695 $33 $40 $45,173 $36 $45 
(1)Relate to economic hedging arrangements.
(2)The Company enters into futures purchase and sales contracts that are subject to daily remargining and almost all of which are based on three-month SOFR to hedge against its MSR valuation exposure. The notional amount on these contracts is substantial as these contracts have a short duration and are intended to cover the longer duration of MSR hedges.
(3)The notional amounts previously reported for December 31, 2022 and 2021 have been adjusted to account for the impact of offsetting contracts. To close a futures contract prior to settlement, the Company purchases an offsetting future with the same terms as the original contract and these contracts no longer require settlement.
The fair value of derivative contracts, after taking into account the effects of master netting agreements, is included in Other assets or Other liabilities on the Consolidated Balance Sheet, as summarized in the table below:
December 31, 2023December 31, 2022December 31, 2021
Gross amount of recognized assets (liabilities)Gross offsetNet assets (liabilities)Gross amount of recognized assets (liabilities)Gross offsetNet assets (liabilities)Gross amount of recognized assets (liabilities)Gross offsetNet assets (liabilities)
(in millions)
Derivatives subject to master netting arrangements:
Assets
Forward purchase contracts$26 $ $26 $$— $$$— $
Forward sales contracts1  1 13 — 13 15 — 15 
Interest rate contracts31  31 18 — 18 14 — 14 
Margin202  202 — — 
Netting (67)(67)— (17)(17)— (28)(28)
$260 $(67)$193 $36 $(17)$19 $38 $(28)$10 
Liabilities
Foreign currency contracts$(1)$ $(1)$— $— $— $— $— $— 
Forward purchase contracts   (12)— (12)(18)— (18)
Forward sales contracts(55) (55)(8)— (8)(18)— (18)
Interest rate contracts(31) (31)— — — (54)— (54)
Margin9  9 (1)— (1)(6)— (6)
Netting 67 67 — 17 17 — 28 28 
$(78)$67 $(11)$(21)$17 $(4)$(96)$28 $(68)
Derivatives not subject to master netting arrangements:
Assets
Foreign currency contracts$1 $ $1 $$— $$— $— $— 
Forward sales contracts   — — 
Interest rate lock commitments18  18 — 11 — 11 
Interest rate contracts7  7 — — — — 
$26 $ $26 $15 $— $15 $12 $— $12 
Liabilities
Foreign currency contracts$ $ $ $(9)$— $(9)$(2)$— $(2)
Forward purchase contracts   (1)— (1)— — — 
Interest rate lock commitments   (3)— (3)(2)— (2)
Interest rate contracts(13) (13)(6)— (6)— — — 
$(13)$ $(13)$(19)$— $(19)$(4)$— $(4)
Total derivatives and margin
Assets$286 $(67)$219 $51 $(17)$34 $50 $(28)$22 
Liabilities$(91)$67 $(24)$(40)$17 $(23)$(100)$28 $(72)
v3.24.0.1
Earnings per Share (Tables)
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2023
Earnings Per Share [Abstract]  
Schedule of Earnings Per Share, Basic and Diluted
The following table presents the calculation of basic and diluted EPS: 
 Year Ended December 31,
 202320222021
 (in millions, except per share amounts)
Weighted average shares - basic108.3 107.2 102.7 
Dilutive effect of stock awards0.2 0.4 0.6 
Weighted average shares - diluted108.5 107.6 103.3 
Net income available to common stockholders$709.6 $1,044.5 $895.7 
Earnings per common share:
Basic$6.55 $9.74 $8.72 
Diluted6.54 9.70 8.67 
v3.24.0.1
Income Taxes Provision (Tables)
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2023
Income Tax Expense Disclosure [Abstract]  
Provision for Income Tax Expense
The provision for income tax expense consists of the following components: 
 Year Ended December 31,
 202320222021
 (in millions)
Current$236.1 $327.4 $181.8 
Deferred(24.9)(68.6)42.0 
Total tax expense$211.2 $258.8 $223.8 
Effective Tax Rate Reconciliation
The following table presents a reconciliation between the statutory federal income tax rate and the Company’s effective tax rate: 
Year Ended December 31,
202320222021
(in millions)
Income tax at statutory rate$196.1 $276.4 $235.8 
Increase (decrease) resulting from:
State income taxes, net of federal benefits35.0 45.4 35.8 
Non-deductible insurance premiums24.1 5.2 3.5 
Tax-exempt income(28.3)(26.0)(25.6)
Investment tax credits(13.2)(32.1)(15.9)
Other, net(2.5)(10.1)(9.8)
Total tax expense$211.2 $258.8 $223.8 
Effective tax rate22.6 %19.7 %19.9 %
Cumulative Tax Effects of Temporary Differences
The cumulative tax effects of the temporary differences are shown in the following table:
December 31,
20232022
(in millions)
Deferred tax assets:
Unrealized loss on AFS securities$170 $221 
Allowance for credit losses96 93 
Lease liability 46 47 
Research and experimentation costs32 
FDIC special assessment17 — 
Accrued expenses7 21 
Passthrough income 6 19 
Tax credit carryovers5 24 
Premises and equipment 13 
Other40 44 
Total gross deferred tax assets419 483 
Deferred tax asset valuation allowance — 
Total deferred tax assets419 483 
Deferred tax liabilities:
Right of use asset(37)(41)
Premises and equipment(19)— 
Unearned premiums (15)(6)
Mortgage servicing rights(11)(56)
Deferred loan costs(11)(16)
Leasing basis differences (11)(13)
Goodwill(9)(5)
Deferred REIT dividend (11)
Other(19)(24)
Total deferred tax liabilities(132)(172)
Deferred tax assets, net$287 $311 
Gross Activity of Unrecognized Tax Benefits
The total gross activity of unrecognized tax benefits related to the Company's uncertain tax positions are shown in the following table:
December 31,
20232022
(in millions)
Beginning balance$6.6 $6.4 
Gross increases
Tax positions in prior periods0.4 — 
Current period tax positions0.9 0.8 
Gross decreases
Tax positions in prior periods (0.6)
Ending balance$7.9 $6.6 
v3.24.0.1
Commitments and Contingencies (Tables)
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2023
Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure [Abstract]  
Summary of Contractual Amounts for Unfunded Commitments and Letters of Credit
A summary of the contractual amounts for unfunded commitments and letters of credit are as follows: 
December 31,
 20232022
 (in millions)
Commitments to extend credit, including unsecured loan commitments of $989 and $1,209 at December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively
$13,291 $18,674 
Credit card commitments and financial guarantees418 379 
Letters of credit, including unsecured letters of credit of $4 and $7 at December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively
222 265 
Total$13,931 $19,318 
Contractual Commitments for Lines and Letters of Credit by Maturity
The following table represents the contractual commitments for lines and letters of credit by maturity at December 31, 2023: 
Amount of Commitment Expiration per Period
Total Amounts CommittedLess Than 1 Year1-3 Years3-5 YearsAfter 5 Years
(in millions)
Commitments to extend credit$13,291 $3,860 $5,637 $2,195 $1,599 
Credit card commitments and financial guarantees418 418    
Letters of credit222 166 6 50  
Total$13,931 $4,444 $5,643 $2,245 $1,599 
v3.24.0.1
Fair Value Accounting (Tables)
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2023
Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract]  
Gains and Losses from Fair Value Changes Included in Consolidated Statement of Operations
The following table presents unrealized gains and losses from fair value changes on junior subordinated debt:
Year Ended December 31,
202320222021
(in millions)
Unrealized (losses) gains$(0.3)$4.9 $(1.5)
Changes included in OCI, net of tax(0.2)3.7 (1.2)
Fair Value of Assets and Liabilities
The fair value of assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis was determined using the following inputs: 
Fair Value Measurements at the End of the Reporting Period Using:
Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets
(Level 1)
Significant Other Observable Inputs
(Level 2)
Significant Unobservable Inputs
(Level 3)
Fair Value
(in millions)
December 31, 2023
Available-for-sale debt securities
U.S. Treasury securities$4,853 $ $ $4,853 
Residential MBS issued by GSEs 1,972  1,972 
CLO 1,399  1,399 
Private label residential MBS 1,117  1,117 
Tax-exempt 858  858 
Commercial MBS issued by GSEs 530  530 
Corporate debt securities 367  367 
Other28 41  69 
Total AFS debt securities$4,881 $6,284 $ $11,165 
Equity securities
Preferred stock$100 $ $ $100 
CRA investments26   26 
Total equity securities$126 $ $ $126 
Loans HFS (2)$ $1,377 $3 $1,380 
MSRs  1,124 1,124 
Derivative assets (1) 66 18 84 
Liabilities:
Junior subordinated debt (3)$ $ $63 $63 
Derivative liabilities (1) 100  100 
(1)See "Note 14. Derivatives and Hedging Activities." In addition, the carrying value of loans is increased by $6 million as of December 31, 2023 for the effective portion of the hedge, which relates to the fair value of the hedges put in place to mitigate against fluctuations in interest rates. Derivative assets and liabilities exclude margin of $202 million and $(9) million, respectively.
(2)Includes only the portion of loans HFS that is recorded at fair value at each reporting period pursuant to the election of FVO treatment.
(3)Includes only the portion of junior subordinated debt that is recorded at fair value at each reporting period pursuant to the election of FVO treatment.
 Fair Value Measurements at the End of the Reporting Period Using:
Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets
(Level 1)
Significant Other Observable Inputs
(Level 2)
Significant Unobservable Inputs
(Level 3)
Fair
Value
 (in millions)
December 31, 2022
Assets:
Available-for-sale debt securities
CLO$— $2,706 $— $2,706 
Residential MBS issued by GSEs— 1,740 — 1,740 
Private label residential MBS— 1,199 — 1,199 
Tax-exempt— 891 — 891 
Corporate debt securities— 390 — 390 
Commercial MBS issued by GSEs— 97 — 97 
Other24 45 — 69 
Total AFS debt securities$24 $7,068 $— $7,092 
Equity securities
Preferred stock$108 $— $— $108 
CRA investments24 25 — 49 
Common stock— — 
Total equity securities$135 $25 $— $160 
Loans - HFS (2)$— $1,172 $$1,173 
Mortgage servicing rights— — 1,148 1,148 
Derivative assets (1)— 42 47 
Liabilities:
Junior subordinated debt (3)$— $— $63 $63 
Derivative liabilities (1)— 36 39 
(1)See "Note 14. Derivatives and Hedging Activities." In addition, the carrying value of loans is increased by $17 million as of December 31, 2022 for the effective portion of the hedge, which relates to the fair value of the hedges put in place to mitigate against fluctuations in interest rates. Derivative assets and liabilities exclude margin of $4 million and $1 million, respectively.
(2)Includes only the portion of loans HFS that is recorded at fair value at each reporting period pursuant to the election of FVO treatment.
(3)Includes only the portion of junior subordinated debt that is recorded at fair value at each reporting period pursuant to the election of FVO treatment.
Change in Level 3 Liabilities Measured at Fair Value on Recurring Basis
The change in Level 3 liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis included in OCI was as follows: 
Junior Subordinated Debt
Year Ended December 31,
202320222021
(in millions)
Beginning balance$(62.5)$(67.4)$(65.9)
Change in fair value (1)(0.3)4.9 (1.5)
Ending balance$(62.8)$(62.5)$(67.4)
(1)Unrealized (losses) gains attributable to changes in the fair value of junior subordinated debt are recorded in OCI, net of tax, and totaled $(0.2) million, $3.7 million, and $(1.2) million for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022, and 2021, respectively.
The significant unobservable inputs used in the fair value measurements of these Level 3 liabilities were as follows: 
December 31, 2023Valuation TechniqueSignificant Unobservable InputsInput Value
(in millions)
Junior subordinated debt$63 Discounted cash flowImplied credit rating of the Company8.92 %
December 31, 2022Valuation TechniqueSignificant Unobservable InputsInput Value
(in millions)
Junior subordinated debt$63 Discounted cash flowImplied credit rating of the Company8.13 %
The change in Level 3 assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis included in income was as follows:
Year Ended December 31, 2023
20232022
MSRsIRLCs (1)MSRsIRLCs (1)
(in millions)
Balance, beginning of period$1,148 $2 $698 $
Purchases and additions865 15,434 720 19,513 
Sales and payments(800) (350)— 
Settlement of IRLCs upon acquisition or origination of loans HFS (15,420)— (19,481)
Change in fair value11 2 192 (39)
Mark to market adjustments4  — — 
Realization of cash flows(104) (112)— 
Balance, end of period$1,124 $18 $1,148 $
Changes in unrealized gains (losses) for the period (2)$19 $(18)$135 $
(1)    IRLC asset and liability positions are presented net.
(2)    Amounts recognized as part of non-interest income.

The significant unobservable inputs used in the fair value measurements of these Level 3 assets and liabilities were as follows:
December 31, 2023
Asset/liabilityKey inputsRangeWeighted average
MSRs:Option adjusted spread (in basis points)
29 - 253
213
Conditional prepayment rate (1)
9.5% - 23.9%
17.4%
Recapture rate
20.0% - 20.0%
20.0%
Servicing fee rate (in basis points)
25.0 - 56.5
35.6
Cost to service
$93 - $100
$95
IRLCs:Servicing fee multiple
3.2 - 5.4
4.3
Pull-through rate
68% - 100%
89%
December 31, 2022
Asset/liabilityKey inputsRangeWeighted average
MSRs:Option adjusted spread (in basis points)
190 - 621
378
Conditional prepayment rate (1)
8.5% - 18.5%
13.4%
Recapture rate
20.0% - 20.0%
20.0%
Servicing fee rate (in basis points)
25.0 - 56.5
33.2
Cost to service
$87 - $94
$90
IRLCs:Servicing fee multiple
2.9 - 5.5
4.3
Pull-through rate
69% - 100%
89%
(1)    Lifetime total prepayment speed annualized.
For Level 3 assets measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis as of period end, the significant unobservable inputs used in the fair value measurements were as follows:
December 31, 2023Valuation Technique(s)Significant Unobservable InputsRange
(in millions)
Loans HFI$379 Collateral methodThird party appraisalCosts to sell
6.0% to 10.0%
Discounted cash flow methodDiscount rateContractual loan rate
3.0% to 8.0%
Scheduled cash collectionsProbability of default
0% to 20.0%
Proceeds from non-real estate collateralLoss given default
0% to 70.0%
Other assets acquired through foreclosure8 Collateral methodThird party appraisalCosts to sell
4.0% to 10.0%
December 31, 2022Valuation Technique(s)Significant Unobservable InputsRange
(in millions)
Loans HFI$295 Collateral methodThird party appraisalCosts to sell
6.0% to 10.0%
Discounted cash flow methodDiscount rateContractual loan rate
3.0% to 8.0%
Scheduled cash collectionsProbability of default
0% to 20.0%
Proceeds from non-real estate collateralLoss given default
0% to 70.0%
Other assets acquired through foreclosure11 Collateral methodThird party appraisalCosts to sell
4.0% to 10.0%
Assets Measured at Fair Value on Nonrecurring Basis The following table presents such assets carried on the Consolidated Balance Sheet by caption and by level within the ASC 825 hierarchy:
 Fair Value Measurements at the End of the Reporting Period Using
 TotalQuoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets
(Level 1)
Active Markets for Similar Assets
(Level 2)
Unobservable Inputs
(Level 3)
 (in millions)
As of December 31, 2023
Loans HFI$379 $ $ $379 
Other assets acquired through foreclosure8   8 
As of December 31, 2022
Loans HFI$295 $— $— $295 
Other assets acquired through foreclosure11 — — 11 
Estimated Fair Value of Financial Instruments
The following is a summary of the difference between the aggregate fair value and the aggregate UPB of loans HFS for which the FVO has been elected:
December 31,
20232022
Fair valueUPBDifferenceFair valueUPBDifference
(in millions)
Loans HFS:
Current through 89 days delinquent$1,379 $1,319 $60 $1,172 $1,138 $34 
90 days or more delinquent1 2 (1)— 
Total$1,380 $1,321 $59 $1,173 $1,139 $34 
The estimated fair value of the Company’s financial instruments is as follows: 
December 31, 2023
Carrying AmountFair Value
Level 1Level 2Level 3Total
(in millions)
Financial assets:
Investment securities:
HTM$1,429 $ $1,251 $ $1,251 
AFS11,165 4,881 6,284  11,165 
Equity securities126 126   126 
Derivative assets (1)84  66 18 84 
Loans HFS1,402  1,379 23 1,402 
Loans HFI, net49,960   46,877 46,877 
Mortgage servicing rights1,124   1,124 1,124 
Accrued interest receivable370  370  370 
Financial liabilities:
Deposits$55,333 $ $55,379 $ $55,379 
Other borrowings7,230  7,192  7,192 
Qualifying debt895  734 76 810 
Derivative liabilities (1)100  100  100 
Accrued interest payable151  151  151 
(1)    Derivative assets and liabilities exclude margin of $202 million and $(9) million, respectively.
December 31, 2022
Carrying AmountFair Value
Level 1Level 2Level 3Total
(in millions)
Financial assets:
Investment securities:
HTM$1,289 $— $1,112 $— $1,112 
AFS7,092 24 7,068 — 7,092 
Equity securities160 135 25 — 160 
Derivative assets (1)51 — 42 47 
Loans HFS1,184 — 1,172 1,173 
Loans HFI, net51,552 — — 47,679 47,679 
Mortgage servicing rights1,148 — — 1,148 1,148 
Accrued interest receivable357 — 357 — 357 
Financial liabilities:
Deposits$53,644 $— $53,698 $— $53,698 
Other borrowings6,299 — 6,261 — 6,261 
Qualifying debt893 — 735 75 810 
Derivative liabilities (1)40 — 36 39 
Accrued interest payable35 — 35 — 35 
(1)    Derivative assets and liabilities exclude margin of $4 million and $1 million, respectively.
v3.24.0.1
Regulatory Capital Requirements (Tables)
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2023
Banking and Thrift, Other Disclosure [Abstract]  
Summary of Actual Capital Amount and Ratio The actual capital amounts and ratios for the Company and the Bank are presented in the following tables:
Total CapitalTier 1 CapitalRisk-Weighted AssetsTangible Average AssetsTotal Capital RatioTier 1 Capital RatioTier 1 Leverage RatioCommon Equity
Tier 1
(dollars in millions)
December 31, 2023
WAL$7,201 $6,035 $52,517 $70,295 13.7 %11.5 %8.6 %10.8 %
WAB6,802 6,229 52,508 70,347 13.0 11.9 8.9 11.9 
Well-capitalized ratios10.0 8.0 5.0 6.5 
Minimum capital ratios8.0 6.0 4.0 4.5 
December 31, 2022
WAL$6,586 $5,449 $54,461 $69,814 12.1 %10.0 %7.8 %9.3 %
WAB6,280 5,737 54,411 69,762 11.5 10.5 8.2 10.5 
Well-capitalized ratios10.0 8.0 5.0 6.5 
Minimum capital ratios8.0 6.0 4.0 4.5 
v3.24.0.1
Related Party Transactions (Tables)
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2023
Related Party Transactions [Abstract]  
Schedule of Related Party Transactions [Table Text Block] The following table summarizes the aggregate activity for such loans:
Year Ended December 31,
20232022
(in millions)
Balance, beginning$172 $— 
New loans 231 
Advances457 2,144 
Repayments and other(629)(2,203)
Balance, ending$ $172 
v3.24.0.1
Parent Company Financial Information (Tables)
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2023
Parent Company Financial Information [Abstract]  
Condensed Balance Sheet
WESTERN ALLIANCE BANCORPORATION
Condensed Balance Sheets 
 December 31,
 20232022
 (in millions)
ASSETS:
Cash and cash equivalents$140 $85 
Investment securities - equity31 34 
Investment in subsidiaries6,513 5,862 
Other assets71 66 
Total assets$6,755 $6,047 
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY:
Qualifying debt$671 $669 
Accrued interest and other liabilities6 22 
Total liabilities677 691 
Total stockholders’ equity6,078 5,356 
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity$6,755 $6,047 
Schedule Of Condensed Income Statement And Comprehensive Income Table
Condensed Income Statements 
 Year Ended December 31,
 202320222021
 (in millions)
Income:
Dividends from subsidiaries$330.0 $261.8 $50.0 
Interest income2.9 3.8 3.2 
Non-interest income (loss)1.5 (0.9)13.4 
Total income334.4 264.7 66.6 
Expense:
Interest expense25.4 22.6 19.5 
Non-interest expense29.3 26.5 31.9 
Total expense54.7 49.1 51.4 
Income before income taxes and equity in undistributed earnings of subsidiaries279.7 215.6 15.2 
Income tax benefit10.3 11.0 7.4 
Income before equity in undistributed earnings of subsidiaries290.0 226.6 22.6 
Equity in undistributed earnings of subsidiaries432.4 830.7 876.6 
Net income722.4 1,057.3 899.2 
Dividends on preferred stock12.8 12.8 3.5 
Net income available to common stockholders$709.6 $1,044.5 $895.7 
Condensed Cash Flow Statement
Condensed Statements of Cash Flows
Year Ended December 31,
202320222021
(in millions)
Cash flows from operating activities:
Net income$722.4 $1,057.3 $899.2 
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:
Equity in net undistributed earnings of subsidiaries(432.4)(830.7)(876.6)
Change in fair value of assets and liabilities measured at fair value(3.4)8.7 (0.1)
Loss on extinguishment of debt — 5.9 
Other operating activities, net(1.8)(16.8)(1.4)
Net cash provided by operating activities284.8 218.5 27.0 
Cash flows from investing activities:
Purchases of securities(153.9)(0.4)(16.0)
Principal pay downs, calls, maturities, and sales proceeds of securities155.5 1.8 28.6 
Capital contributions to subsidiaries(50.0)(193.0)(1,139.3)
Other investing activities, net(10.0)(12.1)— 
Net cash used in investing activities(58.4)(203.7)(1,126.7)
Cash flows from financing activities:
Net proceeds from issuance of subordinated debt — 591.9 
Redemption of subordinated debt — (176.0)
Proceeds from issuance of common stock, net0.1 157.7 540.3 
Cash dividends paid on common and preferred stock(171.5)(166.2)(127.6)
Proceeds from issuance of preferred stock, net — 294.5 
Other financing activities, net — 0.1 
Net cash (used in) provided by financing activities(171.4)(8.5)1,123.2 
Net increase in cash and cash equivalents55.0 6.3 23.5 
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of year85.3 79.0 55.5 
Cash and cash equivalents at end of year$140.3 $85.3 $79.0 
v3.24.0.1
Segments (Tables)
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2023
Segment Reporting [Abstract]  
Operating Segment Information
The following is a summary of reportable segment balance sheet information:
Consolidated CompanyCommercialConsumer RelatedCorporate & Other
At December 31, 2023:(in millions)
Assets:
Cash, cash equivalents, and investment securities$14,569 $13 $125 $14,431 
Loans HFS1,402  1,402  
Loans HFI, net of deferred fees and costs50,297 29,136 21,161  
Less: allowance for credit losses(337)(284)(53) 
Net loans HFI49,960 28,852 21,108  
Other assets acquired through foreclosure, net8 8   
Goodwill and other intangible assets, net669 292 377  
Other assets4,254 390 1,826 2,038 
Total assets$70,862 $29,555 $24,838 $16,469 
Liabilities:
Deposits$55,333 $23,897 $24,925 $6,511 
Borrowings and qualifying debt8,125 7 402 7,716 
Other liabilities1,326 109 338 879 
Total liabilities64,784 24,013 25,665 15,106 
Allocated equity:6,078 2,555 1,790 1,733 
Total liabilities and stockholders' equity$70,862 $26,568 $27,455 $16,839 
Excess funds provided (used) (2,987)2,617 370 
At December 31, 2022:
Assets:
Cash, cash equivalents, and investment securities$9,803 $12 $— $9,791 
Loans HFS1,184 — 1,184 — 
Loans HFI, net of deferred fees and costs51,862 31,414 20,448 — 
Less: allowance for credit losses(310)(262)(48)— 
Net loans HFI51,552 31,152 20,400 — 
Other assets acquired through foreclosure, net11 11 — — 
Goodwill and other intangible assets, net680 293 387 — 
Other assets4,504 435 2,180 1,889 
Total assets$67,734 $31,903 $24,151 $11,680 
Liabilities:
Deposits$53,644 $29,494 $18,492 $5,658 
Borrowings and qualifying debt7,192 27 340 6,825 
Other liabilities1,542 83 656 803 
Total liabilities62,378 29,604 19,488 13,286 
Allocated equity:5,356 2,684 1,691 981 
Total liabilities and stockholders' equity$67,734 $32,288 $21,179 $14,267 
Excess funds provided (used)— 385 (2,972)2,587 
The following is a summary of reportable segment income statement information:
Consolidated CompanyCommercialConsumer RelatedCorporate & Other
Year Ended December 31, 2023:(in millions)
Net interest income$2,338.9 $1,387.4 $898.9 $52.6 
Provision for credit losses62.6 38.3 3.3 21.0 
Net interest income after provision for credit losses2,276.3 1,349.1 895.6 31.6 
Non-interest income280.7 (23.3)286.9 17.1 
Non-interest expense1,623.4 580.6 924.5 118.3 
Income (loss) before provision for income taxes933.6 745.2 258.0 (69.6)
Income tax expense (benefit)211.2 174.8 59.2 (22.8)
Net income (loss)$722.4 $570.4 $198.8 $(46.8)
Year Ended December 31, 2022:
Net interest income$2,216.3 $1,546.3 $854.1 $(184.1)
Provision for (recovery of) credit losses68.1 47.2 21.1 (0.2)
Net interest income (expense) after provision for credit losses2,148.2 1,499.1 833.0 (183.9)
Non-interest income324.6 59.7 247.2 17.7 
Non-interest expense1,156.7 463.5 630.1 63.1 
Income (loss) before income taxes1,316.1 1,095.3 450.1 (229.3)
Income tax expense (benefit)258.8 260.5 107.1 (108.8)
Net income (loss)$1,057.3 $834.8 $343.0 $(120.5)
Year Ended December 31, 2021:
Net interest income$1,548.8 $1,181.7 $603.4 $(236.3)
Provision for (recovery of) credit losses(21.4)(30.6)11.0 (1.8)
Net interest income (expense) after provision for credit losses1,570.2 1,212.3 592.4 (234.5)
Non-interest income404.2 65.1 317.6 21.5 
Non-interest expense851.4 415.9 413.9 21.6 
Income (loss) before provision for income taxes1,123.0 861.5 496.1 (234.6)
Income tax expense (benefit)223.8 206.6 120.1 (102.9)
Net income (loss)$899.2 $654.9 $376.0 $(131.7)
v3.24.0.1
Mergers, Acquisitions and Dispositions (Tables)
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2023
Business Combination and Asset Acquisition [Abstract]  
Schedule of Recognized Identified Assets Acquired and Liabilities Assumed
The fair value amounts of identifiable assets acquired and liabilities assumed in the DST acquisition are as follows:
January 25, 2022
(in millions)
Assets acquired:
Cash and cash equivalents$0.6 
Identified intangible assets20.1 
Other assets0.1 
Total assets$20.8 
Liabilities assumed:
Other liabilities$0.4 
Total liabilities0.4 
Net assets acquired$20.4 
Consideration paid
Cash$50.6 
Contingent consideration6.4 
Total consideration$57.0 
Goodwill$36.6 
Schedule of Acquired Indefinite-Lived Intangible Assets by Major Class
In connection with the acquisition, the Company acquired identifiable intangible assets totaling $20.1 million, as detailed in the table below:
Acquisition Date Fair ValueEstimated Useful Life
(in millions)(in years)
Customer relationships$15.7 7
Developed technology4.1 5
Trade name0.3 10
Total$20.1 
Pro Forma Information
The following table presents pro forma information as if the AmeriHome acquisition was completed on January 1, 2020. The pro forma information includes adjustments for interest income and interest expense on existing loan agreements between WAL and AmeriHome prior to acquisition, the impact of MSR sales contemplated in connection with the acquisition, amortization of intangible assets arising from the acquisition, recognition of stock compensation expense for awards issued to certain AmeriHome executives, transaction costs, and related income tax effects. The pro forma information is not necessarily indicative of the results of operations as they would have been had the transactions been effected on the assumed dates.
December 31,
2021
Interest income$1,679.9 
Non-interest income470.5 
Net income909.7 
v3.24.0.1
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies - Additional Information (Detail)
$ / shares in Units, $ in Millions
12 Months Ended
Sep. 22, 2021
$ / shares
shares
Dec. 31, 2023
USD ($)
Subsidiary
$ / shares
shares
Dec. 31, 2022
USD ($)
$ / shares
shares
May 14, 2021
Significant Of Accounting Policies [Line Items]        
Unconsolidated subsidiaries | Subsidiary   8    
Face amount of underlying life insurance policies | $   $ 452.0 $ 456.0  
Total commitment of accruing loans, threshold for evaluation | $   $ 1.0    
Preferred stock, shares outstanding (shares) | shares   12,000,000 12,000,000  
Ownership interest (dollars per share) 0.25%      
Dividend rate 4.25% 4.25%    
Preferred stock, par value (dollars per share) $ 0.0001 $ 0.0001 $ 0.0001  
Preferred stock, liquidation value (dollars per share) 25 25 $ 25  
Distribution maximum percentage       2.00%
Series A Preferred Stock        
Significant Of Accounting Policies [Line Items]        
Preferred stock, liquidation value (dollars per share) $ 10,000 $ 10,000    
Preferred Stock        
Significant Of Accounting Policies [Line Items]        
Preferred stock, shares outstanding (shares) | shares 12,000,000 12,000,000    
Minimum        
Significant Of Accounting Policies [Line Items]        
Useful life   5 years    
Maximum        
Significant Of Accounting Policies [Line Items]        
Useful life   40 years    
v3.24.0.1
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies - Schedule of Estimated Lives (Details)
Dec. 31, 2023
Bank premises  
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]  
Useful life 31 years
Furniture, fixtures, and equipment | Minimum  
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]  
Useful life 3 years
Furniture, fixtures, and equipment | Maximum  
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]  
Useful life 10 years
Leasehold improvements | Minimum  
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]  
Useful life 3 years
Leasehold improvements | Maximum  
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]  
Useful life 10 years
Software | Minimum  
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]  
Useful life 1 year
Software | Maximum  
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]  
Useful life 8 years
v3.24.0.1
Investment Securities - Carrying Amounts and Fair Values of Investment Securities (Detail) - USD ($)
$ in Millions
Dec. 31, 2023
Dec. 31, 2022
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale [Line Items]    
Amortized cost, HTM $ 1,429 $ 1,289
Amortized cost, AFS 11,849 7,973
Gross unrealized gains, HTM 1 0
Gross unrealized (losses), HTM (179) (177)
Investment securities - HTM Fair value 1,251 1,112
Gross unrealized gains, AFS 18 9
Grossed unrealized (losses), AFS (702) (890)
Fair value 11,165 7,092
U.S. Treasury securities    
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale [Line Items]    
Amortized cost, AFS 4,853  
Gross unrealized gains, AFS 1  
Grossed unrealized (losses), AFS (1)  
Fair value 4,853  
Residential MBS issued by GSEs    
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale [Line Items]    
Amortized cost, AFS 2,328 2,123
Gross unrealized gains, AFS 3 0
Grossed unrealized (losses), AFS (359) (383)
Fair value 1,972 1,740
CLO    
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale [Line Items]    
Amortized cost, AFS 1,407 2,796
Gross unrealized gains, AFS 1 0
Grossed unrealized (losses), AFS (9) (90)
Fair value 1,399 2,706
Private label residential MBS    
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale [Line Items]    
Amortized cost, HTM 186 198
Amortized cost, AFS 1,320 1,442
Gross unrealized gains, HTM 0 0
Gross unrealized (losses), HTM (39) (39)
Investment securities - HTM Fair value 147 159
Gross unrealized gains, AFS 1 0
Grossed unrealized (losses), AFS (204) (243)
Fair value 1,117 1,199
Tax-exempt    
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale [Line Items]    
Amortized cost, HTM 1,243 1,091
Amortized cost, AFS 925 1,004
Gross unrealized gains, HTM 1 0
Gross unrealized (losses), HTM (140) (138)
Investment securities - HTM Fair value 1,104 953
Gross unrealized gains, AFS 0 2
Grossed unrealized (losses), AFS (67) (115)
Fair value 858 891
Commercial MBS issued by GSEs    
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale [Line Items]    
Amortized cost, AFS 531 104
Gross unrealized gains, AFS 8 1
Grossed unrealized (losses), AFS (9) (8)
Fair value 530 97
Corporate debt securities    
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale [Line Items]    
Amortized cost, AFS 411 429
Gross unrealized gains, AFS 0 0
Grossed unrealized (losses), AFS (44) (39)
Fair value 367 390
Other    
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale [Line Items]    
Amortized cost, AFS 74 75
Gross unrealized gains, AFS 4 6
Grossed unrealized (losses), AFS (9) (12)
Fair value $ 69 $ 69
v3.24.0.1
Investment Securities - Additional Information (Detail)
$ in Millions
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2023
USD ($)
positions
Dec. 31, 2022
USD ($)
positions
Dec. 31, 2021
USD ($)
Schedule of Held-to-Maturity Securities [Line Items]      
Investment securities - equity $ 126.0 $ 160.0  
Fair value loss adjustments, net (1.3) (22.3)  
Fair value $ 11,165.0 $ 7,092.0  
Securities in unrealized loss position | positions 708 832  
Provision for credit losses recognized $ 18.5 $ 0.0  
Recognition of charge-off 17.1    
Accrued interest receivable 5.0 4.0  
Carrying value of securities sold 1,600.0 170.0 $ 161.0
Recognized net gains (40.4) 7.4 $ 8.4
Asset Pledged as Collateral      
Schedule of Held-to-Maturity Securities [Line Items]      
Fair value $ 7,700.0 $ 1,700.0  
v3.24.0.1
Investment Securities - Unrealized Losses and Fair Value of Investment Securities in Continuous Unrealized Loss Position (Detail) - USD ($)
$ in Millions
Dec. 31, 2023
Dec. 31, 2022
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale [Line Items]    
Gross Unrealized Losses, Less Than Twelve Months $ 7 $ 319
Fair Value, Less Than Twelve Months 2,449 4,433
Gross Unrealized Losses, More Than Twelve Months 695 571
Fair Value, More Than Twelve Months 4,655 2,467
Gross Unrealized Losses, AFS 702 890
Fair Value, AFS 7,104 6,900
Tax-exempt    
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale [Line Items]    
Gross Unrealized Losses, Less Than Twelve Months 3 93
Fair Value, Less Than Twelve Months 67 752
Gross Unrealized Losses, More Than Twelve Months 64 22
Fair Value, More Than Twelve Months 773 78
Gross Unrealized Losses, AFS 67 115
Fair Value, AFS 840 830
Corporate debt securities    
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale [Line Items]    
Gross Unrealized Losses, Less Than Twelve Months 0 28
Fair Value, Less Than Twelve Months 0 263
Gross Unrealized Losses, More Than Twelve Months 44 11
Fair Value, More Than Twelve Months 359 120
Gross Unrealized Losses, AFS 44 39
Fair Value, AFS 359 383
Residential MBS issued by GSEs    
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale [Line Items]    
Gross Unrealized Losses, Less Than Twelve Months 3 82
Fair Value, Less Than Twelve Months 174 600
Gross Unrealized Losses, More Than Twelve Months 356 301
Fair Value, More Than Twelve Months 1,551 1,101
Gross Unrealized Losses, AFS 359 383
Fair Value, AFS 1,725 1,701
Private label residential MBS    
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale [Line Items]    
Gross Unrealized Losses, Less Than Twelve Months 0 27
Fair Value, Less Than Twelve Months 0 279
Gross Unrealized Losses, More Than Twelve Months 204 216
Fair Value, More Than Twelve Months 1,020 912
Gross Unrealized Losses, AFS 204 243
Fair Value, AFS 1,020 1,191
Commercial MBS issued by GSEs    
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale [Line Items]    
Gross Unrealized Losses, Less Than Twelve Months 0 4
Fair Value, Less Than Twelve Months 0 46
Gross Unrealized Losses, More Than Twelve Months 9 4
Fair Value, More Than Twelve Months 53 14
Gross Unrealized Losses, AFS 9 8
Fair Value, AFS 53 60
U.S. Treasury securities    
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale [Line Items]    
Gross Unrealized Losses, Less Than Twelve Months 1  
Fair Value, Less Than Twelve Months 2,208  
Gross Unrealized Losses, More Than Twelve Months 0  
Fair Value, More Than Twelve Months 0  
Gross Unrealized Losses, AFS 1  
Fair Value, AFS 2,208  
CLO    
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale [Line Items]    
Gross Unrealized Losses, Less Than Twelve Months 0 81
Fair Value, Less Than Twelve Months 0 2,467
Gross Unrealized Losses, More Than Twelve Months 9 9
Fair Value, More Than Twelve Months 845 216
Gross Unrealized Losses, AFS 9 90
Fair Value, AFS 845 2,683
Other    
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale [Line Items]    
Gross Unrealized Losses, Less Than Twelve Months 0 4
Fair Value, Less Than Twelve Months 0 26
Gross Unrealized Losses, More Than Twelve Months 9 8
Fair Value, More Than Twelve Months 54 26
Gross Unrealized Losses, AFS 9 12
Fair Value, AFS 54 $ 52
Corporate Bond Securities, With ACL    
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale [Line Items]    
Gross Unrealized Losses, AFS 8  
Fair Value, AFS $ 54  
v3.24.0.1
Investment Securities - Allowance for Credit Losses, Available-for-Sale (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Millions
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2023
Dec. 31, 2022
Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Allowance for Credit Loss [Roll Forward]    
Beginning balance $ 0.0  
Provision for credit losses recognized 18.5 $ 0.0
Charge-offs (17.1)  
Recoveries 0.0  
Ending balance $ 1.4 $ 0.0
v3.24.0.1
Investment Securities - Allowance for Credit Losses, Held-to-Maturity (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Millions
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2023
Dec. 31, 2022
Debt Securities, Held-to-Maturity, Allowance for Credit Loss [Roll Forward]    
Beginning balance $ 5.2 $ 5.2
Debt Securities, Held-to-Maturity, Excluding Accrued Interest, Credit Loss Expense (Reversal) 2.6 0.0
Charge-offs 0.0 0.0
Recoveries 0.0 0.0
Ending balance $ 7.8 $ 5.2
v3.24.0.1
Investment Securities - Investment Securities by Credit Rating Type (Detail) - USD ($)
$ in Millions
Dec. 31, 2023
Dec. 31, 2022
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale [Line Items]    
Investment securities - amortized cost $ 1,429 $ 1,289
Fair value 11,165 7,092
Investment securities - equity 126 160
U.S. Treasury securities    
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale [Line Items]    
Fair value 4,853  
Residential MBS issued by GSEs    
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale [Line Items]    
Fair value 1,972 1,740
CLO    
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale [Line Items]    
Fair value 1,399 2,706
Private label residential MBS    
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale [Line Items]    
Investment securities - amortized cost 186 198
Fair value 1,117 1,199
Tax-exempt    
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale [Line Items]    
Investment securities - amortized cost 1,243 1,091
Fair value 858 891
Commercial MBS issued by GSEs    
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale [Line Items]    
Fair value 530 97
Corporate debt securities    
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale [Line Items]    
Fair value 367 390
Other    
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale [Line Items]    
Fair value 69 69
Preferred Stock    
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale [Line Items]    
Investment securities - equity 100 108
CRA investments    
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale [Line Items]    
Investment securities - equity 26 49
Common Stock, $0.0001 Par Value    
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale [Line Items]    
Investment securities - equity   3
AAA    
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale [Line Items]    
Investment securities - amortized cost 0 0
Fair value 1,178 1,479
Investment securities - equity 0 0
AAA | U.S. Treasury securities    
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale [Line Items]    
Fair value 0  
AAA | Residential MBS issued by GSEs    
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale [Line Items]    
Fair value 0 0
AAA | CLO    
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale [Line Items]    
Fair value 79 310
AAA | Private label residential MBS    
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale [Line Items]    
Investment securities - amortized cost 0 0
Fair value 1,090 1,158
AAA | Tax-exempt    
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale [Line Items]    
Investment securities - amortized cost 0 0
Fair value 9 11
AAA | Commercial MBS issued by GSEs    
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale [Line Items]    
Fair value 0 0
AAA | Corporate debt securities    
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale [Line Items]    
Fair value 0 0
AAA | Other    
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale [Line Items]    
Fair value 0 0
AAA | Preferred Stock    
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale [Line Items]    
Investment securities - equity 0 0
AAA | CRA investments    
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale [Line Items]    
Investment securities - equity 0 0
AAA | Common Stock, $0.0001 Par Value    
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale [Line Items]    
Investment securities - equity   0
Split-rated AAA/AA+    
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale [Line Items]    
Investment securities - amortized cost 0 0
Fair value 7,371 1,852
Investment securities - equity 26 24
Split-rated AAA/AA+ | U.S. Treasury securities    
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale [Line Items]    
Fair value 4,853  
Split-rated AAA/AA+ | Residential MBS issued by GSEs    
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale [Line Items]    
Fair value 1,972 1,740
Split-rated AAA/AA+ | CLO    
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale [Line Items]    
Fair value 0 0
Split-rated AAA/AA+ | Private label residential MBS    
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale [Line Items]    
Investment securities - amortized cost 0 0
Fair value 0 0
Split-rated AAA/AA+ | Tax-exempt    
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale [Line Items]    
Investment securities - amortized cost 0 0
Fair value 16 15
Split-rated AAA/AA+ | Commercial MBS issued by GSEs    
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale [Line Items]    
Fair value 530 97
Split-rated AAA/AA+ | Corporate debt securities    
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale [Line Items]    
Fair value 0 0
Split-rated AAA/AA+ | Other    
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale [Line Items]    
Fair value 0 0
Split-rated AAA/AA+ | Preferred Stock    
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale [Line Items]    
Investment securities - equity 0 0
Split-rated AAA/AA+ | CRA investments    
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale [Line Items]    
Investment securities - equity 26 24
Split-rated AAA/AA+ | Common Stock, $0.0001 Par Value    
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale [Line Items]    
Investment securities - equity   0
AA+ to AA-    
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale [Line Items]    
Investment securities - amortized cost 0 0
Fair value 1,661 2,563
Investment securities - equity 0 0
AA+ to AA- | U.S. Treasury securities    
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale [Line Items]    
Fair value 0  
AA+ to AA- | Residential MBS issued by GSEs    
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale [Line Items]    
Fair value 0 0
AA+ to AA- | CLO    
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale [Line Items]    
Fair value 1,265 2,121
AA+ to AA- | Private label residential MBS    
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale [Line Items]    
Investment securities - amortized cost 0 0
Fair value 26 41
AA+ to AA- | Tax-exempt    
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale [Line Items]    
Investment securities - amortized cost 0 0
Fair value 361 392
AA+ to AA- | Commercial MBS issued by GSEs    
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale [Line Items]    
Fair value 0 0
AA+ to AA- | Corporate debt securities    
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale [Line Items]    
Fair value 0 0
AA+ to AA- | Other    
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale [Line Items]    
Fair value 9 9
AA+ to AA- | Preferred Stock    
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale [Line Items]    
Investment securities - equity 0 0
AA+ to AA- | CRA investments    
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale [Line Items]    
Investment securities - equity 0 0
AA+ to AA- | Common Stock, $0.0001 Par Value    
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale [Line Items]    
Investment securities - equity   0
A+ to A-    
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale [Line Items]    
Investment securities - amortized cost 0 0
Fair value 528 783
Investment securities - equity 0 0
A+ to A- | U.S. Treasury securities    
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale [Line Items]    
Fair value 0  
A+ to A- | Residential MBS issued by GSEs    
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale [Line Items]    
Fair value 0 0
A+ to A- | CLO    
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale [Line Items]    
Fair value 55 275
A+ to A- | Private label residential MBS    
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale [Line Items]    
Investment securities - amortized cost 0 0
Fair value 0 0
A+ to A- | Tax-exempt    
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale [Line Items]    
Investment securities - amortized cost 0 0
Fair value 386 425
A+ to A- | Commercial MBS issued by GSEs    
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale [Line Items]    
Fair value 0 0
A+ to A- | Corporate debt securities    
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale [Line Items]    
Fair value 76 74
A+ to A- | Other    
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale [Line Items]    
Fair value 11 9
A+ to A- | Preferred Stock    
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale [Line Items]    
Investment securities - equity 0 0
A+ to A- | CRA investments    
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale [Line Items]    
Investment securities - equity 0 0
A+ to A- | Common Stock, $0.0001 Par Value    
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale [Line Items]    
Investment securities - equity   0
BBB+ to BBB-    
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale [Line Items]    
Investment securities - amortized cost 0 0
Fair value 239 343
Investment securities - equity 54 82
BBB+ to BBB- | U.S. Treasury securities    
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale [Line Items]    
Fair value 0  
BBB+ to BBB- | Residential MBS issued by GSEs    
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale [Line Items]    
Fair value 0 0
BBB+ to BBB- | CLO    
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale [Line Items]    
Fair value 0 0
BBB+ to BBB- | Private label residential MBS    
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale [Line Items]    
Investment securities - amortized cost 0 0
Fair value 0 0
BBB+ to BBB- | Tax-exempt    
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale [Line Items]    
Investment securities - amortized cost 0 0
Fair value 0 0
BBB+ to BBB- | Commercial MBS issued by GSEs    
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale [Line Items]    
Fair value 0 0
BBB+ to BBB- | Corporate debt securities    
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale [Line Items]    
Fair value 211 316
BBB+ to BBB- | Other    
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale [Line Items]    
Fair value 28 27
BBB+ to BBB- | Preferred Stock    
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale [Line Items]    
Investment securities - equity 54 82
BBB+ to BBB- | CRA investments    
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale [Line Items]    
Investment securities - equity 0 0
BBB+ to BBB- | Common Stock, $0.0001 Par Value    
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale [Line Items]    
Investment securities - equity   0
BB+ and below    
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale [Line Items]    
Investment securities - amortized cost 0 0
Fair value 85 6
Investment securities - equity 35 17
BB+ and below | U.S. Treasury securities    
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale [Line Items]    
Fair value 0  
BB+ and below | Residential MBS issued by GSEs    
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale [Line Items]    
Fair value 0 0
BB+ and below | CLO    
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale [Line Items]    
Fair value 0 0
BB+ and below | Private label residential MBS    
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale [Line Items]    
Investment securities - amortized cost 0 0
Fair value 1 0
BB+ and below | Tax-exempt    
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale [Line Items]    
Investment securities - amortized cost 0 0
Fair value 0 0
BB+ and below | Commercial MBS issued by GSEs    
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale [Line Items]    
Fair value 0 0
BB+ and below | Corporate debt securities    
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale [Line Items]    
Fair value 80 0
BB+ and below | Other    
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale [Line Items]    
Fair value 4 6
BB+ and below | Preferred Stock    
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale [Line Items]    
Investment securities - equity 35 17
BB+ and below | CRA investments    
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale [Line Items]    
Investment securities - equity 0 0
BB+ and below | Common Stock, $0.0001 Par Value    
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale [Line Items]    
Investment securities - equity   0
Unrated    
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale [Line Items]    
Investment securities - amortized cost 1,429 1,289
Fair value 103 66
Investment securities - equity 11 37
Unrated | U.S. Treasury securities    
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale [Line Items]    
Fair value 0  
Unrated | Residential MBS issued by GSEs    
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale [Line Items]    
Fair value 0 0
Unrated | CLO    
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale [Line Items]    
Fair value 0 0
Unrated | Private label residential MBS    
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale [Line Items]    
Investment securities - amortized cost 186 198
Fair value 0 0
Unrated | Tax-exempt    
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale [Line Items]    
Investment securities - amortized cost 1,243 1,091
Fair value 86 48
Unrated | Commercial MBS issued by GSEs    
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale [Line Items]    
Fair value 0 0
Unrated | Corporate debt securities    
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale [Line Items]    
Fair value 0 0
Unrated | Other    
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale [Line Items]    
Fair value 17 18
Unrated | Preferred Stock    
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale [Line Items]    
Investment securities - equity 11 9
Unrated | CRA investments    
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale [Line Items]    
Investment securities - equity $ 0 25
Unrated | Common Stock, $0.0001 Par Value    
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale [Line Items]    
Investment securities - equity   $ 3
v3.24.0.1
Investment Securities - Amortized Cost and Fair Value of Investment Securities by Contractual Maturities (Detail) - USD ($)
$ in Millions
Dec. 31, 2023
Dec. 31, 2022
Amortized Cost    
Securities held to maturity, Due in one year or less, Amortized Cost $ 17  
Securities held to maturity, After one year through five years, Amortized Cost 20  
Securities held to maturity, After five years through ten years, Amortized Cost 86  
Securities held to maturity, After ten years, Amortized Cost 1,120  
Securities held to maturity, Mortgage backed securities, Amortized Cost 186  
Amortized cost, HTM 1,429 $ 1,289
Estimated Fair Value    
Securities held to maturity, Due in one year or less, Estimated Fair Value 17  
Securities held to maturity, Due after one year through five years, Estimated Fair Value 20  
Securities held to maturity, Due after five years through ten years, Estimated Fair Value 76  
Securities held to maturity, After ten years, Estimated Fair Value 991  
Securities held to maturity, Mortgage-backed securities, Estimated Fair Value 147  
Investment securities - HTM, fair value 1,251 1,112
Amortized Cost    
Securities available for sale, Due in one year or less, Amortized Cost 4,099  
Securities available for sale, After one year through five years, Amortized Cost 921  
Securities available for sale, After five years through ten years, Amortized Cost 556  
Securities available for sale, After ten years, Amortized Cost 2,094  
Securities available for sale, Mortgage backed securities, Amortized Cost 4,179  
Securities available for sale Total, Amortized Cost 11,849  
Estimated Fair Value    
Securities available for sale, Due in one year or less, Estimated Fair Value 4,099  
Securities available for sale, After one year through five years, Estimated Fair Value 912  
Securities available for sale, After five years through ten years, Estimated Fair Value 518  
Securities available for sale, After ten years, Estimated Fair Value 2,017  
Securities available for sale, Mortgage backed securities, Estimated Fair Value 3,619  
Securities available for sale Total, Estimated Fair Value $ 11,165 $ 7,092
v3.24.0.1
Investment Securities - Gross Gains and (Losses) on Sales of Investments (Detail) - USD ($)
$ in Millions
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2023
Dec. 31, 2022
Dec. 31, 2021
Investment securities - AFS      
Gross gains $ 4.0 $ 7.6 $ 8.4
Gross losses (44.4) (0.2) 0.0
Net gains (losses) on AFS securities (40.4) 7.4 8.4
Equity securities      
Gross gains 0.0 0.0 0.1
Gross losses (0.4) (0.5) (0.2)
Net losses on equity securities $ (0.4) $ (0.5) $ (0.1)
v3.24.0.1
Loans Held For Sale - Additional Information (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Millions
3 Months Ended 12 Months Ended
Mar. 31, 2023
Dec. 31, 2023
Dec. 31, 2022
Dec. 31, 2021
[1]
Receivables [Abstract]        
Transfer of loans HFI to HFS, net of fair value loss adjustment $ 5,900.0 $ 6,646.8 [1] $ 0.0 [1] $ 0.0
Loan dispositions   4,300.0    
Loans HFS   $ 1,402.0 $ 1,184.0  
[1] Excludes $531.6 million of loans transferred with an original designation of HFS, whose sales activity was classified as operating cash flows.
v3.24.0.1
Loans Held For Sale - Summary of Loans HFS by Type (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Millions
Dec. 31, 2023
Dec. 31, 2022
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]    
Loans HFS $ 1,402 $ 1,184
Total government-insured or guaranteed    
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]    
Loans HFS 500 591
EBO    
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]    
Loans HFS 2 0
Non-EBO    
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]    
Loans HFS 498 591
Agency-conforming    
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]    
Loans HFS 899 593
Non-agency    
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]    
Loans HFS $ 3 $ 0
v3.24.0.1
Loans Held For Sale - Summary of Net Gain on Loan Purchase, Origination and Sale Activities on Residential Mortgage Loans (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Millions
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2023
Dec. 31, 2022
Dec. 31, 2021
Receivables [Abstract]      
Mortgage servicing rights capitalized upon sale of loans $ 864.5 $ 719.7  
Net proceeds from sale of loans 785.6 1,076.6  
Provision for and change in estimate of liability for losses under representations and warranties, net (5.2) (1.7)  
Change in fair value 15.0 (6.8)  
Unrealized gain (loss) on derivatives 18.4 5.9  
Realized gain on derivatives 55.4 408.0  
Total change in fair value of derivatives 37.0 402.1  
Net gain on residential mortgage loans HFS 136.1 40.1  
Loan acquisition and origination fees 57.4 63.9  
Net gain on loan origination and sale activities $ 193.5 $ 104.0 $ 326.2
v3.24.0.1
Loans, Leases and Allowance for Credit Losses - Schedule of Held for Investment Loan Portfolio Composition of Loans, Leases and Allowance for Credit Losses (Detail) - USD ($)
$ in Millions
Dec. 31, 2023
Dec. 31, 2022
Dec. 31, 2021
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Loss [Line Items]      
Loans HFI, net of deferred fees and costs $ 50,297.0 $ 51,862.0  
Less: allowance for credit losses (336.7) (309.7) $ (252.5)
Net loans held for investment 49,960.0 51,552.0  
Warehouse lending      
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Loss [Line Items]      
Loans HFI, net of deferred fees and costs 6,618.0 5,561.0  
Less: allowance for credit losses (5.8) (8.4) (3.0)
Municipal & nonprofit      
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Loss [Line Items]      
Loans HFI, net of deferred fees and costs 1,554.0 1,524.0  
Less: allowance for credit losses (14.7) (15.9) (13.7)
Tech & innovation      
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Loss [Line Items]      
Loans HFI, net of deferred fees and costs 2,808.0 2,293.0  
Less: allowance for credit losses (42.1) (30.8) (25.7)
Equity fund resources      
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Loss [Line Items]      
Loans HFI, net of deferred fees and costs 845.0 3,717.0  
Less: allowance for credit losses (1.3) (6.4) (9.6)
Other commercial and industrial      
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Loss [Line Items]      
Loans HFI, net of deferred fees and costs 7,452.0 7,793.0  
Less: allowance for credit losses (81.4) (85.9) (103.6)
CRE - owner occupied      
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Loss [Line Items]      
Loans HFI, net of deferred fees and costs 1,658.0 1,656.0  
Less: allowance for credit losses (6.0) (7.1) (10.6)
Hotel franchise finance      
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Loss [Line Items]      
Loans HFI, net of deferred fees and costs 3,855.0 3,807.0  
Less: allowance for credit losses (33.4) (46.9) (41.5)
Other CRE - non-owner occupied      
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Loss [Line Items]      
Loans HFI, net of deferred fees and costs 5,974.0 5,457.0  
Less: allowance for credit losses (96.0) (47.4) (16.9)
Residential      
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Loss [Line Items]      
Loans HFI, net of deferred fees and costs 13,287.0 13,996.0  
Less: allowance for credit losses (23.1) (30.4) (12.5)
Residential - EBO      
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Loss [Line Items]      
Loans HFI, net of deferred fees and costs 1,223.0 1,884.0  
Less: allowance for credit losses 0.0 0.0 0.0
Construction and land development      
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Loss [Line Items]      
Loans HFI, net of deferred fees and costs 4,862.0 3,995.0  
Other      
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Loss [Line Items]      
Loans HFI, net of deferred fees and costs 161.0 179.0  
Less: allowance for credit losses $ (2.5) $ (3.1) $ (2.9)
v3.24.0.1
Loans, Leases and Allowance for Credit Losses - Additional Information (Details)
$ in Millions
9 Months Ended 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2023
USD ($)
Dec. 31, 2023
USD ($)
Dec. 31, 2022
USD ($)
SecurityLoan
Dec. 31, 2021
USD ($)
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Loss [Line Items]        
Financing receivable, unamortized loan fees $ (108.0) $ (108.0) $ (141.0)  
Financing receivable, unamortized premium 177.0 177.0 195.0  
Loans Past Due 90 Days or More and Still Accruing 441.0 441.0 582.0  
Interest income associated with loans on nonaccrual status   12.3 4.7 $ 5.3
Modified loans on nonaccrual status 111.0 111.0    
Modified loans current with contractual payments 95.0 95.0    
Amortized cost basis   206.0 11.0  
Reserves allocated to customers whose loan terms modified in troubled debt restructurings     4.0  
Outstanding commitments     $ 0.0  
Number of loans | SecurityLoan     3  
Recorded Investment     $ 14.0  
Number of Loans | SecurityLoan     0  
Interest Receivable 281.0 281.0 $ 304.0  
Carrying value of loans transferred   6,700.0    
Fair value adjustment for loan transfer from HFI to HFS   122.5    
Loan sales 4,300.0      
Carrying value of loans sold     780.0  
Net gain (loss) on loan sales     (8.4)  
Financing Receivable, Purchase        
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Loss [Line Items]        
Loan purchases   1,600.0 8,800.0  
Residential - EBO        
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Loss [Line Items]        
Loans Past Due 90 Days or More and Still Accruing 399.0 399.0 582.0  
Amortized cost basis   225.0    
Interest Receivable $ 4.0 $ 4.0 $ 9.0  
v3.24.0.1
Loans, Leases and Allowance for Credit Losses - Summary of Recorded Investment in Nonaccrual Loans and Loans Past Due 90 Days Still Accruing Interest by Loan Class (Detail) - USD ($)
$ in Millions
Dec. 31, 2023
Dec. 31, 2022
Financing Receivable, Nonaccrual [Line Items]    
Nonaccrual with No Allowance for Credit Loss $ 151 $ 20
Nonaccrual with an Allowance for Credit Loss 122 65
Total Nonaccrual 273 85
Loans Past Due 90 Days or More and Still Accruing 441 582
Municipal & nonprofit    
Financing Receivable, Nonaccrual [Line Items]    
Nonaccrual with No Allowance for Credit Loss 0 0
Nonaccrual with an Allowance for Credit Loss 6 7
Total Nonaccrual 6 7
Loans Past Due 90 Days or More and Still Accruing 0 0
Tech & innovation    
Financing Receivable, Nonaccrual [Line Items]    
Nonaccrual with No Allowance for Credit Loss 23 0
Nonaccrual with an Allowance for Credit Loss 10 1
Total Nonaccrual 33 1
Loans Past Due 90 Days or More and Still Accruing 0 0
Other commercial and industrial    
Financing Receivable, Nonaccrual [Line Items]    
Nonaccrual with No Allowance for Credit Loss 19 1
Nonaccrual with an Allowance for Credit Loss 34 23
Total Nonaccrual 53 24
Loans Past Due 90 Days or More and Still Accruing 0 0
CRE - owner occupied    
Financing Receivable, Nonaccrual [Line Items]    
Nonaccrual with No Allowance for Credit Loss 8 10
Nonaccrual with an Allowance for Credit Loss 1 2
Total Nonaccrual 9 12
Loans Past Due 90 Days or More and Still Accruing 0 0
Other CRE - non-owner occupied    
Financing Receivable, Nonaccrual [Line Items]    
Nonaccrual with No Allowance for Credit Loss 82 5
Nonaccrual with an Allowance for Credit Loss 1 3
Total Nonaccrual 83 8
Loans Past Due 90 Days or More and Still Accruing 0 0
Residential    
Financing Receivable, Nonaccrual [Line Items]    
Nonaccrual with No Allowance for Credit Loss 0 0
Nonaccrual with an Allowance for Credit Loss 70 19
Total Nonaccrual 70 19
Loans Past Due 90 Days or More and Still Accruing 0 0
Residential - EBO    
Financing Receivable, Nonaccrual [Line Items]    
Nonaccrual with No Allowance for Credit Loss 0 0
Nonaccrual with an Allowance for Credit Loss 0 0
Total Nonaccrual 0 0
Loans Past Due 90 Days or More and Still Accruing 399 582
Hotel franchise finance    
Financing Receivable, Nonaccrual [Line Items]    
Nonaccrual with No Allowance for Credit Loss   0
Nonaccrual with an Allowance for Credit Loss   10
Total Nonaccrual   10
Loans Past Due 90 Days or More and Still Accruing   0
Construction and land development    
Financing Receivable, Nonaccrual [Line Items]    
Nonaccrual with No Allowance for Credit Loss 19 4
Nonaccrual with an Allowance for Credit Loss 0 0
Total Nonaccrual 19 4
Loans Past Due 90 Days or More and Still Accruing $ 42 $ 0
v3.24.0.1
Loans, Leases and Allowance for Credit Losses - Contractual Aging of Loan Portfolio by Segment (Detail) - USD ($)
$ in Millions
Dec. 31, 2023
Dec. 31, 2022
Financing Receivable, Nonaccrual [Line Items]    
Loans HFI, net of deferred fees and costs $ 50,297 $ 51,862
Pass    
Financing Receivable, Nonaccrual [Line Items]    
Loans HFI, net of deferred fees and costs 49,004 51,145
Special mention    
Financing Receivable, Nonaccrual [Line Items]    
Loans HFI, net of deferred fees and costs 641 351
Classified    
Financing Receivable, Nonaccrual [Line Items]    
Loans HFI, net of deferred fees and costs 652 366
Warehouse lending    
Financing Receivable, Nonaccrual [Line Items]    
Loans HFI, net of deferred fees and costs 6,618 5,561
Warehouse lending | Pass    
Financing Receivable, Nonaccrual [Line Items]    
Loans HFI, net of deferred fees and costs 6,592 5,518
Warehouse lending | Special mention    
Financing Receivable, Nonaccrual [Line Items]    
Loans HFI, net of deferred fees and costs 26 43
Warehouse lending | Classified    
Financing Receivable, Nonaccrual [Line Items]    
Loans HFI, net of deferred fees and costs 0 0
Municipal & nonprofit    
Financing Receivable, Nonaccrual [Line Items]    
Loans HFI, net of deferred fees and costs 1,554 1,524
Municipal & nonprofit | Pass    
Financing Receivable, Nonaccrual [Line Items]    
Loans HFI, net of deferred fees and costs 1,530 1,517
Municipal & nonprofit | Special mention    
Financing Receivable, Nonaccrual [Line Items]    
Loans HFI, net of deferred fees and costs 18 0
Municipal & nonprofit | Classified    
Financing Receivable, Nonaccrual [Line Items]    
Loans HFI, net of deferred fees and costs 6 7
Tech & innovation    
Financing Receivable, Nonaccrual [Line Items]    
Loans HFI, net of deferred fees and costs 2,808 2,293
Tech & innovation | Pass    
Financing Receivable, Nonaccrual [Line Items]    
Loans HFI, net of deferred fees and costs 2,680 2,198
Tech & innovation | Special mention    
Financing Receivable, Nonaccrual [Line Items]    
Loans HFI, net of deferred fees and costs 48 81
Tech & innovation | Classified    
Financing Receivable, Nonaccrual [Line Items]    
Loans HFI, net of deferred fees and costs 80 14
Equity fund resources    
Financing Receivable, Nonaccrual [Line Items]    
Loans HFI, net of deferred fees and costs 845 3,717
Equity fund resources | Pass    
Financing Receivable, Nonaccrual [Line Items]    
Loans HFI, net of deferred fees and costs 845 3,717
Equity fund resources | Special mention    
Financing Receivable, Nonaccrual [Line Items]    
Loans HFI, net of deferred fees and costs 0 0
Equity fund resources | Classified    
Financing Receivable, Nonaccrual [Line Items]    
Loans HFI, net of deferred fees and costs 0 0
Other commercial and industrial    
Financing Receivable, Nonaccrual [Line Items]    
Loans HFI, net of deferred fees and costs 7,452 7,793
Other commercial and industrial | Pass    
Financing Receivable, Nonaccrual [Line Items]    
Loans HFI, net of deferred fees and costs 7,267 7,703
Other commercial and industrial | Special mention    
Financing Receivable, Nonaccrual [Line Items]    
Loans HFI, net of deferred fees and costs 93 47
Other commercial and industrial | Classified    
Financing Receivable, Nonaccrual [Line Items]    
Loans HFI, net of deferred fees and costs 92 43
CRE - owner occupied    
Financing Receivable, Nonaccrual [Line Items]    
Loans HFI, net of deferred fees and costs 1,658 1,656
CRE - owner occupied | Pass    
Financing Receivable, Nonaccrual [Line Items]    
Loans HFI, net of deferred fees and costs 1,610 1,607
CRE - owner occupied | Special mention    
Financing Receivable, Nonaccrual [Line Items]    
Loans HFI, net of deferred fees and costs 1 1
CRE - owner occupied | Classified    
Financing Receivable, Nonaccrual [Line Items]    
Loans HFI, net of deferred fees and costs 47 48
Hotel franchise finance    
Financing Receivable, Nonaccrual [Line Items]    
Loans HFI, net of deferred fees and costs 3,855 3,807
Hotel franchise finance | Pass    
Financing Receivable, Nonaccrual [Line Items]    
Loans HFI, net of deferred fees and costs 3,505 3,581
Hotel franchise finance | Special mention    
Financing Receivable, Nonaccrual [Line Items]    
Loans HFI, net of deferred fees and costs 203 26
Hotel franchise finance | Classified    
Financing Receivable, Nonaccrual [Line Items]    
Loans HFI, net of deferred fees and costs 147 200
Other CRE - non-owner occupied    
Financing Receivable, Nonaccrual [Line Items]    
Loans HFI, net of deferred fees and costs 5,974 5,457
Other CRE - non-owner occupied | Pass    
Financing Receivable, Nonaccrual [Line Items]    
Loans HFI, net of deferred fees and costs 5,586 5,372
Other CRE - non-owner occupied | Special mention    
Financing Receivable, Nonaccrual [Line Items]    
Loans HFI, net of deferred fees and costs 251 54
Other CRE - non-owner occupied | Classified    
Financing Receivable, Nonaccrual [Line Items]    
Loans HFI, net of deferred fees and costs 137 31
Residential    
Financing Receivable, Nonaccrual [Line Items]    
Loans HFI, net of deferred fees and costs 13,287 13,996
Residential | Pass    
Financing Receivable, Nonaccrual [Line Items]    
Loans HFI, net of deferred fees and costs 13,217 13,977
Residential | Special mention    
Financing Receivable, Nonaccrual [Line Items]    
Loans HFI, net of deferred fees and costs 0 0
Residential | Classified    
Financing Receivable, Nonaccrual [Line Items]    
Loans HFI, net of deferred fees and costs 70 19
Residential - EBO    
Financing Receivable, Nonaccrual [Line Items]    
Loans HFI, net of deferred fees and costs 1,223 1,884
Residential - EBO | Pass    
Financing Receivable, Nonaccrual [Line Items]    
Loans HFI, net of deferred fees and costs 1,223 1,884
Residential - EBO | Special mention    
Financing Receivable, Nonaccrual [Line Items]    
Loans HFI, net of deferred fees and costs 0 0
Residential - EBO | Classified    
Financing Receivable, Nonaccrual [Line Items]    
Loans HFI, net of deferred fees and costs 0 0
Construction and land development    
Financing Receivable, Nonaccrual [Line Items]    
Loans HFI, net of deferred fees and costs 4,862 3,995
Other    
Financing Receivable, Nonaccrual [Line Items]    
Loans HFI, net of deferred fees and costs 161 179
Other | Pass    
Financing Receivable, Nonaccrual [Line Items]    
Loans HFI, net of deferred fees and costs 159 178
Other | Special mention    
Financing Receivable, Nonaccrual [Line Items]    
Loans HFI, net of deferred fees and costs 1 1
Other | Classified    
Financing Receivable, Nonaccrual [Line Items]    
Loans HFI, net of deferred fees and costs 1 0
Current    
Financing Receivable, Nonaccrual [Line Items]    
Loans HFI, net of deferred fees and costs 49,413 50,877
Current | Warehouse lending    
Financing Receivable, Nonaccrual [Line Items]    
Loans HFI, net of deferred fees and costs 6,618 5,561
Current | Municipal & nonprofit    
Financing Receivable, Nonaccrual [Line Items]    
Loans HFI, net of deferred fees and costs 1,554 1,524
Current | Tech & innovation    
Financing Receivable, Nonaccrual [Line Items]    
Loans HFI, net of deferred fees and costs 2,808 2,270
Current | Equity fund resources    
Financing Receivable, Nonaccrual [Line Items]    
Loans HFI, net of deferred fees and costs 845 3,717
Current | Other commercial and industrial    
Financing Receivable, Nonaccrual [Line Items]    
Loans HFI, net of deferred fees and costs 7,439 7,791
Current | CRE - owner occupied    
Financing Receivable, Nonaccrual [Line Items]    
Loans HFI, net of deferred fees and costs 1,627 1,656
Current | Hotel franchise finance    
Financing Receivable, Nonaccrual [Line Items]    
Loans HFI, net of deferred fees and costs 3,824 3,807
Current | Other CRE - non-owner occupied    
Financing Receivable, Nonaccrual [Line Items]    
Loans HFI, net of deferred fees and costs 5,974 5,454
Current | Residential    
Financing Receivable, Nonaccrual [Line Items]    
Loans HFI, net of deferred fees and costs 13,199 13,955
Current | Residential - EBO    
Financing Receivable, Nonaccrual [Line Items]    
Loans HFI, net of deferred fees and costs 545 969
Current | Construction and land development    
Financing Receivable, Nonaccrual [Line Items]    
Loans HFI, net of deferred fees and costs 4,820 3,995
Current | Other    
Financing Receivable, Nonaccrual [Line Items]    
Loans HFI, net of deferred fees and costs 160 178
30-59 Days Past Due    
Financing Receivable, Nonaccrual [Line Items]    
Loans HFI, net of deferred fees and costs 270 283
30-59 Days Past Due | Warehouse lending    
Financing Receivable, Nonaccrual [Line Items]    
Loans HFI, net of deferred fees and costs 0 0
30-59 Days Past Due | Municipal & nonprofit    
Financing Receivable, Nonaccrual [Line Items]    
Loans HFI, net of deferred fees and costs 0 0
30-59 Days Past Due | Tech & innovation    
Financing Receivable, Nonaccrual [Line Items]    
Loans HFI, net of deferred fees and costs 0 23
30-59 Days Past Due | Equity fund resources    
Financing Receivable, Nonaccrual [Line Items]    
Loans HFI, net of deferred fees and costs 0 0
30-59 Days Past Due | Other commercial and industrial    
Financing Receivable, Nonaccrual [Line Items]    
Loans HFI, net of deferred fees and costs 13 2
30-59 Days Past Due | CRE - owner occupied    
Financing Receivable, Nonaccrual [Line Items]    
Loans HFI, net of deferred fees and costs 0 0
30-59 Days Past Due | Hotel franchise finance    
Financing Receivable, Nonaccrual [Line Items]    
Loans HFI, net of deferred fees and costs 15 0
30-59 Days Past Due | Other CRE - non-owner occupied    
Financing Receivable, Nonaccrual [Line Items]    
Loans HFI, net of deferred fees and costs 0 3
30-59 Days Past Due | Residential    
Financing Receivable, Nonaccrual [Line Items]    
Loans HFI, net of deferred fees and costs 68 37
30-59 Days Past Due | Residential - EBO    
Financing Receivable, Nonaccrual [Line Items]    
Loans HFI, net of deferred fees and costs 173 217
30-59 Days Past Due | Construction and land development    
Financing Receivable, Nonaccrual [Line Items]    
Loans HFI, net of deferred fees and costs 0 0
30-59 Days Past Due | Other    
Financing Receivable, Nonaccrual [Line Items]    
Loans HFI, net of deferred fees and costs 1 1
60-89 Days Past Due    
Financing Receivable, Nonaccrual [Line Items]    
Loans HFI, net of deferred fees and costs 173 120
60-89 Days Past Due | Warehouse lending    
Financing Receivable, Nonaccrual [Line Items]    
Loans HFI, net of deferred fees and costs 0 0
60-89 Days Past Due | Municipal & nonprofit    
Financing Receivable, Nonaccrual [Line Items]    
Loans HFI, net of deferred fees and costs 0 0
60-89 Days Past Due | Tech & innovation    
Financing Receivable, Nonaccrual [Line Items]    
Loans HFI, net of deferred fees and costs 0 0
60-89 Days Past Due | Equity fund resources    
Financing Receivable, Nonaccrual [Line Items]    
Loans HFI, net of deferred fees and costs 0 0
60-89 Days Past Due | Other commercial and industrial    
Financing Receivable, Nonaccrual [Line Items]    
Loans HFI, net of deferred fees and costs 0 0
60-89 Days Past Due | CRE - owner occupied    
Financing Receivable, Nonaccrual [Line Items]    
Loans HFI, net of deferred fees and costs 31 0
60-89 Days Past Due | Hotel franchise finance    
Financing Receivable, Nonaccrual [Line Items]    
Loans HFI, net of deferred fees and costs 16 0
60-89 Days Past Due | Other CRE - non-owner occupied    
Financing Receivable, Nonaccrual [Line Items]    
Loans HFI, net of deferred fees and costs 0 0
60-89 Days Past Due | Residential    
Financing Receivable, Nonaccrual [Line Items]    
Loans HFI, net of deferred fees and costs 20 4
60-89 Days Past Due | Residential - EBO    
Financing Receivable, Nonaccrual [Line Items]    
Loans HFI, net of deferred fees and costs 106 116
60-89 Days Past Due | Construction and land development    
Financing Receivable, Nonaccrual [Line Items]    
Loans HFI, net of deferred fees and costs 0 0
60-89 Days Past Due | Other    
Financing Receivable, Nonaccrual [Line Items]    
Loans HFI, net of deferred fees and costs 0 0
Over 90 days Past Due    
Financing Receivable, Nonaccrual [Line Items]    
Loans HFI, net of deferred fees and costs 441 582
Over 90 days Past Due | Warehouse lending    
Financing Receivable, Nonaccrual [Line Items]    
Loans HFI, net of deferred fees and costs 0 0
Over 90 days Past Due | Municipal & nonprofit    
Financing Receivable, Nonaccrual [Line Items]    
Loans HFI, net of deferred fees and costs 0 0
Over 90 days Past Due | Tech & innovation    
Financing Receivable, Nonaccrual [Line Items]    
Loans HFI, net of deferred fees and costs 0 0
Over 90 days Past Due | Equity fund resources    
Financing Receivable, Nonaccrual [Line Items]    
Loans HFI, net of deferred fees and costs 0 0
Over 90 days Past Due | Other commercial and industrial    
Financing Receivable, Nonaccrual [Line Items]    
Loans HFI, net of deferred fees and costs 0 0
Over 90 days Past Due | CRE - owner occupied    
Financing Receivable, Nonaccrual [Line Items]    
Loans HFI, net of deferred fees and costs 0 0
Over 90 days Past Due | Hotel franchise finance    
Financing Receivable, Nonaccrual [Line Items]    
Loans HFI, net of deferred fees and costs 0 0
Over 90 days Past Due | Other CRE - non-owner occupied    
Financing Receivable, Nonaccrual [Line Items]    
Loans HFI, net of deferred fees and costs 0 0
Over 90 days Past Due | Residential    
Financing Receivable, Nonaccrual [Line Items]    
Loans HFI, net of deferred fees and costs 0 0
Over 90 days Past Due | Residential - EBO    
Financing Receivable, Nonaccrual [Line Items]    
Loans HFI, net of deferred fees and costs 399 582
Over 90 days Past Due | Construction and land development    
Financing Receivable, Nonaccrual [Line Items]    
Loans HFI, net of deferred fees and costs 42 0
Over 90 days Past Due | Other    
Financing Receivable, Nonaccrual [Line Items]    
Loans HFI, net of deferred fees and costs 0 0
Total Past Due    
Financing Receivable, Nonaccrual [Line Items]    
Loans HFI, net of deferred fees and costs 884 985
Total Past Due | Warehouse lending    
Financing Receivable, Nonaccrual [Line Items]    
Loans HFI, net of deferred fees and costs 0 0
Total Past Due | Municipal & nonprofit    
Financing Receivable, Nonaccrual [Line Items]    
Loans HFI, net of deferred fees and costs 0 0
Total Past Due | Tech & innovation    
Financing Receivable, Nonaccrual [Line Items]    
Loans HFI, net of deferred fees and costs 0 23
Total Past Due | Equity fund resources    
Financing Receivable, Nonaccrual [Line Items]    
Loans HFI, net of deferred fees and costs 0 0
Total Past Due | Other commercial and industrial    
Financing Receivable, Nonaccrual [Line Items]    
Loans HFI, net of deferred fees and costs 13 2
Total Past Due | CRE - owner occupied    
Financing Receivable, Nonaccrual [Line Items]    
Loans HFI, net of deferred fees and costs 31 0
Total Past Due | Hotel franchise finance    
Financing Receivable, Nonaccrual [Line Items]    
Loans HFI, net of deferred fees and costs 31 0
Total Past Due | Other CRE - non-owner occupied    
Financing Receivable, Nonaccrual [Line Items]    
Loans HFI, net of deferred fees and costs 0 3
Total Past Due | Residential    
Financing Receivable, Nonaccrual [Line Items]    
Loans HFI, net of deferred fees and costs 88 41
Total Past Due | Residential - EBO    
Financing Receivable, Nonaccrual [Line Items]    
Loans HFI, net of deferred fees and costs 678 915
Total Past Due | Construction and land development    
Financing Receivable, Nonaccrual [Line Items]    
Loans HFI, net of deferred fees and costs 42 0
Total Past Due | Other    
Financing Receivable, Nonaccrual [Line Items]    
Loans HFI, net of deferred fees and costs $ 1 $ 1
v3.24.0.1
Loans, Leases and Allowance for Credit Losses - Credit Quality Indicators (Detail) - USD ($)
$ in Millions
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2023
Dec. 31, 2022
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Loss [Line Items]    
Current fiscal year $ 7,504.0 $ 15,460.0
Year before current fiscal year 12,438.0 15,098.0
Two years before current fiscal year 11,558.0 3,997.0
Three years before current fiscal year 2,877.0 2,319.0
Four years before current fiscal year 1,568.0 1,427.0
Five or more years before current fiscal year 2,523.0 2,216.0
Revolving Loans Amortized Cost Basis 11,829.0 11,345.0
Loans HFI, net of deferred fees and costs 50,297.0 51,862.0
Current fiscal year, writeoff 2.5  
Year before current fiscal year, writeoff 4.7  
Two years before current fiscal year, writeoff 18.9  
Three years before current fiscal year, writeoff 7.4  
Four years before current fiscal year, writeoff 0.3  
Five years before current fiscal year, writeoff 0.5  
Revolving Loans Amortized Cost Basis, Writeoff 0.9  
Charge-offs 35.2 9.3
Pass    
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Loss [Line Items]    
Current fiscal year 7,139.0 15,349.0
Year before current fiscal year 12,269.0 14,914.0
Two years before current fiscal year 11,225.0 3,853.0
Three years before current fiscal year 2,758.0 2,167.0
Four years before current fiscal year 1,433.0 1,363.0
Five or more years before current fiscal year 2,387.0 2,191.0
Revolving Loans Amortized Cost Basis 11,793.0 11,308.0
Loans HFI, net of deferred fees and costs 49,004.0 51,145.0
Special mention    
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Loss [Line Items]    
Current fiscal year 293.0 82.0
Year before current fiscal year 38.0 104.0
Two years before current fiscal year 95.0 127.0
Three years before current fiscal year 54.0 12.0
Four years before current fiscal year 63.0 0.0
Five or more years before current fiscal year 70.0 2.0
Revolving Loans Amortized Cost Basis 28.0 24.0
Loans HFI, net of deferred fees and costs 641.0 351.0
Classified    
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Loss [Line Items]    
Current fiscal year 72.0 29.0
Year before current fiscal year 131.0 80.0
Two years before current fiscal year 238.0 17.0
Three years before current fiscal year 65.0 140.0
Four years before current fiscal year 72.0 64.0
Five or more years before current fiscal year 66.0 23.0
Revolving Loans Amortized Cost Basis 8.0 13.0
Loans HFI, net of deferred fees and costs 652.0 366.0
Warehouse lending    
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Loss [Line Items]    
Current fiscal year 582.0 440.0
Year before current fiscal year 323.0 41.0
Two years before current fiscal year 7.0 152.0
Three years before current fiscal year 289.0 0.0
Four years before current fiscal year 0.0 0.0
Five or more years before current fiscal year 0.0 0.0
Revolving Loans Amortized Cost Basis 5,417.0 4,928.0
Loans HFI, net of deferred fees and costs 6,618.0 5,561.0
Current fiscal year, writeoff 0.0  
Year before current fiscal year, writeoff 0.0  
Two years before current fiscal year, writeoff 0.0  
Three years before current fiscal year, writeoff 0.0  
Four years before current fiscal year, writeoff 0.0  
Five years before current fiscal year, writeoff 0.0  
Revolving Loans Amortized Cost Basis, Writeoff 0.0  
Charge-offs 0.0 0.0
Warehouse lending | Pass    
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Loss [Line Items]    
Current fiscal year 582.0 397.0
Year before current fiscal year 323.0 41.0
Two years before current fiscal year 7.0 152.0
Three years before current fiscal year 289.0 0.0
Four years before current fiscal year 0.0 0.0
Five or more years before current fiscal year 0.0 0.0
Revolving Loans Amortized Cost Basis 5,391.0 4,928.0
Loans HFI, net of deferred fees and costs 6,592.0 5,518.0
Warehouse lending | Special mention    
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Loss [Line Items]    
Current fiscal year 0.0 43.0
Year before current fiscal year 0.0 0.0
Two years before current fiscal year 0.0 0.0
Three years before current fiscal year 0.0 0.0
Four years before current fiscal year 0.0 0.0
Five or more years before current fiscal year 0.0 0.0
Revolving Loans Amortized Cost Basis 26.0 0.0
Loans HFI, net of deferred fees and costs 26.0 43.0
Warehouse lending | Classified    
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Loss [Line Items]    
Current fiscal year 0.0 0.0
Year before current fiscal year 0.0 0.0
Two years before current fiscal year 0.0 0.0
Three years before current fiscal year 0.0 0.0
Four years before current fiscal year 0.0 0.0
Five or more years before current fiscal year 0.0 0.0
Revolving Loans Amortized Cost Basis 0.0 0.0
Loans HFI, net of deferred fees and costs 0.0 0.0
Municipal & nonprofit    
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Loss [Line Items]    
Current fiscal year 102.0 107.0
Year before current fiscal year 174.0 185.0
Two years before current fiscal year 176.0 187.0
Three years before current fiscal year 180.0 78.0
Four years before current fiscal year 74.0 43.0
Five or more years before current fiscal year 848.0 924.0
Revolving Loans Amortized Cost Basis 0.0 0.0
Loans HFI, net of deferred fees and costs 1,554.0 1,524.0
Current fiscal year, writeoff 0.0  
Year before current fiscal year, writeoff 0.0  
Two years before current fiscal year, writeoff 0.0  
Three years before current fiscal year, writeoff 0.0  
Four years before current fiscal year, writeoff 0.0  
Five years before current fiscal year, writeoff 0.0  
Revolving Loans Amortized Cost Basis, Writeoff 0.0  
Charge-offs 0.0 0.0
Municipal & nonprofit | Pass    
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Loss [Line Items]    
Current fiscal year 102.0 107.0
Year before current fiscal year 167.0 185.0
Two years before current fiscal year 176.0 187.0
Three years before current fiscal year 169.0 78.0
Four years before current fiscal year 68.0 43.0
Five or more years before current fiscal year 848.0 917.0
Revolving Loans Amortized Cost Basis 0.0 0.0
Loans HFI, net of deferred fees and costs 1,530.0 1,517.0
Municipal & nonprofit | Special mention    
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Loss [Line Items]    
Current fiscal year 0.0 0.0
Year before current fiscal year 7.0 0.0
Two years before current fiscal year 0.0 0.0
Three years before current fiscal year 11.0 0.0
Four years before current fiscal year 0.0 0.0
Five or more years before current fiscal year 0.0 0.0
Revolving Loans Amortized Cost Basis 0.0 0.0
Loans HFI, net of deferred fees and costs 18.0 0.0
Municipal & nonprofit | Classified    
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Loss [Line Items]    
Current fiscal year 0.0 0.0
Year before current fiscal year 0.0 0.0
Two years before current fiscal year 0.0 0.0
Three years before current fiscal year 0.0 0.0
Four years before current fiscal year 6.0 0.0
Five or more years before current fiscal year 0.0 7.0
Revolving Loans Amortized Cost Basis 0.0 0.0
Loans HFI, net of deferred fees and costs 6.0 7.0
Tech & innovation    
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Loss [Line Items]    
Current fiscal year 778.0 851.0
Year before current fiscal year 856.0 408.0
Two years before current fiscal year 219.0 90.0
Three years before current fiscal year 27.0 66.0
Four years before current fiscal year 66.0 4.0
Five or more years before current fiscal year 38.0 1.0
Revolving Loans Amortized Cost Basis 824.0 873.0
Loans HFI, net of deferred fees and costs 2,808.0 2,293.0
Current fiscal year, writeoff 1.7  
Year before current fiscal year, writeoff 1.1  
Two years before current fiscal year, writeoff 0.6  
Three years before current fiscal year, writeoff 3.5  
Four years before current fiscal year, writeoff 0.0  
Five years before current fiscal year, writeoff 0.0  
Revolving Loans Amortized Cost Basis, Writeoff 0.0  
Charge-offs 6.9 0.0
Tech & innovation | Pass    
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Loss [Line Items]    
Current fiscal year 758.0 813.0
Year before current fiscal year 774.0 374.0
Two years before current fiscal year 206.0 87.0
Three years before current fiscal year 22.0 66.0
Four years before current fiscal year 66.0 4.0
Five or more years before current fiscal year 38.0 1.0
Revolving Loans Amortized Cost Basis 816.0 853.0
Loans HFI, net of deferred fees and costs 2,680.0 2,198.0
Tech & innovation | Special mention    
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Loss [Line Items]    
Current fiscal year 5.0 36.0
Year before current fiscal year 30.0 22.0
Two years before current fiscal year 12.0 3.0
Three years before current fiscal year 0.0 0.0
Four years before current fiscal year 0.0 0.0
Five or more years before current fiscal year 0.0 0.0
Revolving Loans Amortized Cost Basis 1.0 20.0
Loans HFI, net of deferred fees and costs 48.0 81.0
Tech & innovation | Classified    
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Loss [Line Items]    
Current fiscal year 15.0 2.0
Year before current fiscal year 52.0 12.0
Two years before current fiscal year 1.0 0.0
Three years before current fiscal year 5.0 0.0
Four years before current fiscal year 0.0 0.0
Five or more years before current fiscal year 0.0 0.0
Revolving Loans Amortized Cost Basis 7.0 0.0
Loans HFI, net of deferred fees and costs 80.0 14.0
Equity fund resources    
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Loss [Line Items]    
Current fiscal year 154.0 1,020.0
Year before current fiscal year 62.0 1,189.0
Two years before current fiscal year 21.0 191.0
Three years before current fiscal year 3.0 16.0
Four years before current fiscal year 1.0 0.0
Five or more years before current fiscal year 0.0 0.0
Revolving Loans Amortized Cost Basis 604.0 1,301.0
Loans HFI, net of deferred fees and costs 845.0 3,717.0
Current fiscal year, writeoff 0.0  
Year before current fiscal year, writeoff 0.0  
Two years before current fiscal year, writeoff 0.0  
Three years before current fiscal year, writeoff 0.0  
Four years before current fiscal year, writeoff 0.0  
Five years before current fiscal year, writeoff 0.0  
Revolving Loans Amortized Cost Basis, Writeoff 0.0  
Charge-offs 0.0 0.0
Equity fund resources | Pass    
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Loss [Line Items]    
Current fiscal year 154.0 1,020.0
Year before current fiscal year 62.0 1,189.0
Two years before current fiscal year 21.0 191.0
Three years before current fiscal year 3.0 16.0
Four years before current fiscal year 1.0 0.0
Five or more years before current fiscal year 0.0 0.0
Revolving Loans Amortized Cost Basis 604.0 1,301.0
Loans HFI, net of deferred fees and costs 845.0 3,717.0
Equity fund resources | Special mention    
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Loss [Line Items]    
Current fiscal year 0.0 0.0
Year before current fiscal year 0.0 0.0
Two years before current fiscal year 0.0 0.0
Three years before current fiscal year 0.0 0.0
Four years before current fiscal year 0.0 0.0
Five or more years before current fiscal year 0.0 0.0
Revolving Loans Amortized Cost Basis 0.0 0.0
Loans HFI, net of deferred fees and costs 0.0 0.0
Equity fund resources | Classified    
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Loss [Line Items]    
Current fiscal year 0.0 0.0
Year before current fiscal year 0.0 0.0
Two years before current fiscal year 0.0 0.0
Three years before current fiscal year 0.0 0.0
Four years before current fiscal year 0.0 0.0
Five or more years before current fiscal year 0.0 0.0
Revolving Loans Amortized Cost Basis 0.0 0.0
Loans HFI, net of deferred fees and costs 0.0 0.0
Other commercial and industrial    
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Loss [Line Items]    
Current fiscal year 1,701.0 2,971.0
Year before current fiscal year 1,480.0 1,337.0
Two years before current fiscal year 619.0 272.0
Three years before current fiscal year 187.0 280.0
Four years before current fiscal year 81.0 315.0
Five or more years before current fiscal year 196.0 207.0
Revolving Loans Amortized Cost Basis 3,188.0 2,411.0
Loans HFI, net of deferred fees and costs 7,452.0 7,793.0
Current fiscal year, writeoff 0.8  
Year before current fiscal year, writeoff 3.4  
Two years before current fiscal year, writeoff 13.2  
Three years before current fiscal year, writeoff 3.9  
Four years before current fiscal year, writeoff 0.3  
Five years before current fiscal year, writeoff 0.2  
Revolving Loans Amortized Cost Basis, Writeoff 0.9  
Charge-offs 22.7 8.5
Other commercial and industrial | Pass    
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Loss [Line Items]    
Current fiscal year 1,610.0 2,968.0
Year before current fiscal year 1,454.0 1,272.0
Two years before current fiscal year 559.0 262.0
Three years before current fiscal year 185.0 277.0
Four years before current fiscal year 77.0 312.0
Five or more years before current fiscal year 196.0 206.0
Revolving Loans Amortized Cost Basis 3,186.0 2,406.0
Loans HFI, net of deferred fees and costs 7,267.0 7,703.0
Other commercial and industrial | Special mention    
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Loss [Line Items]    
Current fiscal year 90.0 0.0
Year before current fiscal year 1.0 44.0
Two years before current fiscal year 1.0 0.0
Three years before current fiscal year 0.0 0.0
Four years before current fiscal year 0.0 0.0
Five or more years before current fiscal year 0.0 0.0
Revolving Loans Amortized Cost Basis 1.0 3.0
Loans HFI, net of deferred fees and costs 93.0 47.0
Other commercial and industrial | Classified    
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Loss [Line Items]    
Current fiscal year 1.0 3.0
Year before current fiscal year 25.0 21.0
Two years before current fiscal year 59.0 10.0
Three years before current fiscal year 2.0 3.0
Four years before current fiscal year 4.0 3.0
Five or more years before current fiscal year 0.0 1.0
Revolving Loans Amortized Cost Basis 1.0 2.0
Loans HFI, net of deferred fees and costs 92.0 43.0
CRE - owner occupied    
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Loss [Line Items]    
Current fiscal year 167.0 338.0
Year before current fiscal year 345.0 373.0
Two years before current fiscal year 326.0 181.0
Three years before current fiscal year 164.0 158.0
Four years before current fiscal year 133.0 216.0
Five or more years before current fiscal year 483.0 350.0
Revolving Loans Amortized Cost Basis 40.0 40.0
Loans HFI, net of deferred fees and costs 1,658.0 1,656.0
Current fiscal year, writeoff 0.0  
Year before current fiscal year, writeoff 0.0  
Two years before current fiscal year, writeoff 0.0  
Three years before current fiscal year, writeoff 0.0  
Four years before current fiscal year, writeoff 0.0  
Five years before current fiscal year, writeoff 0.0  
Revolving Loans Amortized Cost Basis, Writeoff 0.0  
Charge-offs 0.0 0.0
CRE - owner occupied | Pass    
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Loss [Line Items]    
Current fiscal year 165.0 338.0
Year before current fiscal year 344.0 359.0
Two years before current fiscal year 322.0 174.0
Three years before current fiscal year 163.0 157.0
Four years before current fiscal year 132.0 211.0
Five or more years before current fiscal year 444.0 339.0
Revolving Loans Amortized Cost Basis 40.0 29.0
Loans HFI, net of deferred fees and costs 1,610.0 1,607.0
CRE - owner occupied | Special mention    
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Loss [Line Items]    
Current fiscal year 0.0 0.0
Year before current fiscal year 0.0 0.0
Two years before current fiscal year 0.0 0.0
Three years before current fiscal year 0.0 0.0
Four years before current fiscal year 0.0 0.0
Five or more years before current fiscal year 1.0 1.0
Revolving Loans Amortized Cost Basis 0.0 0.0
Loans HFI, net of deferred fees and costs 1.0 1.0
CRE - owner occupied | Classified    
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Loss [Line Items]    
Current fiscal year 2.0 0.0
Year before current fiscal year 1.0 14.0
Two years before current fiscal year 4.0 7.0
Three years before current fiscal year 1.0 1.0
Four years before current fiscal year 1.0 5.0
Five or more years before current fiscal year 38.0 10.0
Revolving Loans Amortized Cost Basis 0.0 11.0
Loans HFI, net of deferred fees and costs 47.0 48.0
Hotel franchise finance    
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Loss [Line Items]    
Current fiscal year 651.0 1,780.0
Year before current fiscal year 1,543.0 746.0
Two years before current fiscal year 680.0 80.0
Three years before current fiscal year 95.0 645.0
Four years before current fiscal year 497.0 335.0
Five or more years before current fiscal year 257.0 103.0
Revolving Loans Amortized Cost Basis 132.0 118.0
Loans HFI, net of deferred fees and costs 3,855.0 3,807.0
Current fiscal year, writeoff 0.0  
Year before current fiscal year, writeoff 0.0  
Two years before current fiscal year, writeoff 0.0  
Three years before current fiscal year, writeoff 0.0  
Four years before current fiscal year, writeoff 0.0  
Five years before current fiscal year, writeoff 0.0  
Revolving Loans Amortized Cost Basis, Writeoff 0.0  
Charge-offs 0.0 0.0
Hotel franchise finance | Pass    
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Loss [Line Items]    
Current fiscal year 593.0 1,762.0
Year before current fiscal year 1,535.0 726.0
Two years before current fiscal year 566.0 54.0
Three years before current fiscal year 95.0 528.0
Four years before current fiscal year 419.0 290.0
Five or more years before current fiscal year 165.0 103.0
Revolving Loans Amortized Cost Basis 132.0 118.0
Loans HFI, net of deferred fees and costs 3,505.0 3,581.0
Hotel franchise finance | Special mention    
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Loss [Line Items]    
Current fiscal year 34.0 0.0
Year before current fiscal year 0.0 0.0
Two years before current fiscal year 66.0 26.0
Three years before current fiscal year 0.0 0.0
Four years before current fiscal year 35.0 0.0
Five or more years before current fiscal year 68.0 0.0
Revolving Loans Amortized Cost Basis 0.0 0.0
Loans HFI, net of deferred fees and costs 203.0 26.0
Hotel franchise finance | Classified    
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Loss [Line Items]    
Current fiscal year 24.0 18.0
Year before current fiscal year 8.0 20.0
Two years before current fiscal year 48.0 0.0
Three years before current fiscal year 0.0 117.0
Four years before current fiscal year 43.0 45.0
Five or more years before current fiscal year 24.0 0.0
Revolving Loans Amortized Cost Basis 0.0 0.0
Loans HFI, net of deferred fees and costs 147.0 200.0
Other CRE - non-owner occupied    
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Loss [Line Items]    
Current fiscal year 2,024.0 2,347.0
Year before current fiscal year 1,784.0 1,243.0
Two years before current fiscal year 863.0 870.0
Three years before current fiscal year 501.0 288.0
Four years before current fiscal year 208.0 170.0
Five or more years before current fiscal year 207.0 223.0
Revolving Loans Amortized Cost Basis 387.0 316.0
Loans HFI, net of deferred fees and costs 5,974.0 5,457.0
Current fiscal year, writeoff 0.0  
Year before current fiscal year, writeoff 0.0  
Two years before current fiscal year, writeoff 5.1  
Three years before current fiscal year, writeoff 0.0  
Four years before current fiscal year, writeoff 0.0  
Five years before current fiscal year, writeoff 0.1  
Revolving Loans Amortized Cost Basis, Writeoff 0.0  
Charge-offs 5.2 0.0
Other CRE - non-owner occupied | Pass    
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Loss [Line Items]    
Current fiscal year 1,832.0 2,344.0
Year before current fiscal year 1,784.0 1,201.0
Two years before current fiscal year 754.0 870.0
Three years before current fiscal year 457.0 264.0
Four years before current fiscal year 166.0 160.0
Five or more years before current fiscal year 206.0 218.0
Revolving Loans Amortized Cost Basis 387.0 315.0
Loans HFI, net of deferred fees and costs 5,586.0 5,372.0
Other CRE - non-owner occupied | Special mention    
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Loss [Line Items]    
Current fiscal year 164.0 3.0
Year before current fiscal year 0.0 38.0
Two years before current fiscal year 16.0 0.0
Three years before current fiscal year 43.0 12.0
Four years before current fiscal year 28.0 0.0
Five or more years before current fiscal year 0.0 0.0
Revolving Loans Amortized Cost Basis 0.0 1.0
Loans HFI, net of deferred fees and costs 251.0 54.0
Other CRE - non-owner occupied | Classified    
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Loss [Line Items]    
Current fiscal year 28.0 0.0
Year before current fiscal year 0.0 4.0
Two years before current fiscal year 93.0 0.0
Three years before current fiscal year 1.0 12.0
Four years before current fiscal year 14.0 10.0
Five or more years before current fiscal year 1.0 5.0
Revolving Loans Amortized Cost Basis 0.0 0.0
Loans HFI, net of deferred fees and costs 137.0 31.0
Residential    
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Loss [Line Items]    
Current fiscal year 325.0 4,047.0
Year before current fiscal year 3,603.0 8,483.0
Two years before current fiscal year 8,032.0 878.0
Three years before current fiscal year 824.0 311.0
Four years before current fiscal year 274.0 151.0
Five or more years before current fiscal year 209.0 90.0
Revolving Loans Amortized Cost Basis 20.0 36.0
Loans HFI, net of deferred fees and costs 13,287.0 13,996.0
Current fiscal year, writeoff 0.0  
Year before current fiscal year, writeoff 0.0  
Two years before current fiscal year, writeoff 0.0  
Three years before current fiscal year, writeoff 0.0  
Four years before current fiscal year, writeoff 0.0  
Five years before current fiscal year, writeoff 0.0  
Revolving Loans Amortized Cost Basis, Writeoff 0.0  
Charge-offs 0.0 0.0
Residential | Pass    
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Loss [Line Items]    
Current fiscal year 324.0 4,041.0
Year before current fiscal year 3,577.0 8,474.0
Two years before current fiscal year 7,999.0 878.0
Three years before current fiscal year 820.0 308.0
Four years before current fiscal year 270.0 150.0
Five or more years before current fiscal year 207.0 90.0
Revolving Loans Amortized Cost Basis 20.0 36.0
Loans HFI, net of deferred fees and costs 13,217.0 13,977.0
Residential | Special mention    
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Loss [Line Items]    
Current fiscal year 0.0 0.0
Year before current fiscal year 0.0 0.0
Two years before current fiscal year 0.0 0.0
Three years before current fiscal year 0.0 0.0
Four years before current fiscal year 0.0 0.0
Five or more years before current fiscal year 0.0 0.0
Revolving Loans Amortized Cost Basis 0.0 0.0
Loans HFI, net of deferred fees and costs 0.0 0.0
Residential | Classified    
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Loss [Line Items]    
Current fiscal year 1.0 6.0
Year before current fiscal year 26.0 9.0
Two years before current fiscal year 33.0 0.0
Three years before current fiscal year 4.0 3.0
Four years before current fiscal year 4.0 1.0
Five or more years before current fiscal year 2.0 0.0
Revolving Loans Amortized Cost Basis 0.0 0.0
Loans HFI, net of deferred fees and costs 70.0 19.0
Residential - EBO    
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Loss [Line Items]    
Current fiscal year 2.0 3.0
Year before current fiscal year 8.0 268.0
Two years before current fiscal year 227.0 712.0
Three years before current fiscal year 534.0 454.0
Four years before current fiscal year 231.0 191.0
Five or more years before current fiscal year 221.0 256.0
Revolving Loans Amortized Cost Basis 0.0 0.0
Loans HFI, net of deferred fees and costs 1,223.0 1,884.0
Current fiscal year, writeoff 0.0  
Year before current fiscal year, writeoff 0.0  
Two years before current fiscal year, writeoff 0.0  
Three years before current fiscal year, writeoff 0.0  
Four years before current fiscal year, writeoff 0.0  
Five years before current fiscal year, writeoff 0.0  
Revolving Loans Amortized Cost Basis, Writeoff 0.0  
Charge-offs 0.0 0.0
Residential - EBO | Pass    
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Loss [Line Items]    
Current fiscal year 2.0 3.0
Year before current fiscal year 8.0 268.0
Two years before current fiscal year 227.0 712.0
Three years before current fiscal year 534.0 454.0
Four years before current fiscal year 231.0 191.0
Five or more years before current fiscal year 221.0 256.0
Revolving Loans Amortized Cost Basis 0.0 0.0
Loans HFI, net of deferred fees and costs 1,223.0 1,884.0
Residential - EBO | Special mention    
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Loss [Line Items]    
Current fiscal year 0.0 0.0
Year before current fiscal year 0.0 0.0
Two years before current fiscal year 0.0 0.0
Three years before current fiscal year 0.0 0.0
Four years before current fiscal year 0.0 0.0
Five or more years before current fiscal year 0.0 0.0
Revolving Loans Amortized Cost Basis 0.0 0.0
Loans HFI, net of deferred fees and costs 0.0 0.0
Residential - EBO | Classified    
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Loss [Line Items]    
Current fiscal year 0.0 0.0
Year before current fiscal year 0.0 0.0
Two years before current fiscal year 0.0 0.0
Three years before current fiscal year 0.0 0.0
Four years before current fiscal year 0.0 0.0
Five or more years before current fiscal year 0.0 0.0
Revolving Loans Amortized Cost Basis 0.0 0.0
Loans HFI, net of deferred fees and costs 0.0 0.0
Construction and land development    
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Loss [Line Items]    
Current fiscal year 1,014.0 1,533.0
Year before current fiscal year 2,250.0 815.0
Two years before current fiscal year 385.0 371.0
Three years before current fiscal year 62.0 18.0
Four years before current fiscal year 0.0 0.0
Five or more years before current fiscal year 0.0 0.0
Revolving Loans Amortized Cost Basis 1,151.0 1,258.0
Loans HFI, net of deferred fees and costs 4,862.0 3,995.0
Current fiscal year, writeoff 0.0  
Year before current fiscal year, writeoff 0.0  
Two years before current fiscal year, writeoff 0.0  
Three years before current fiscal year, writeoff 0.0  
Four years before current fiscal year, writeoff 0.0  
Five years before current fiscal year, writeoff 0.0  
Revolving Loans Amortized Cost Basis, Writeoff 0.0  
Charge-offs 0.0  
Construction and land development | Pass    
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Loss [Line Items]    
Current fiscal year 1,013.0 1,533.0
Year before current fiscal year 2,231.0 815.0
Two years before current fiscal year 385.0 273.0
Three years before current fiscal year 10.0 14.0
Four years before current fiscal year 0.0 0.0
Five or more years before current fiscal year 0.0 0.0
Revolving Loans Amortized Cost Basis 1,151.0 1,258.0
Loans HFI, net of deferred fees and costs 4,790.0 3,893.0
Construction and land development | Special mention    
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Loss [Line Items]    
Current fiscal year 0.0 0.0
Year before current fiscal year 0.0 0.0
Two years before current fiscal year 0.0 98.0
Three years before current fiscal year 0.0 0.0
Four years before current fiscal year 0.0 0.0
Five or more years before current fiscal year 0.0 0.0
Revolving Loans Amortized Cost Basis 0.0 0.0
Loans HFI, net of deferred fees and costs 0.0 98.0
Construction and land development | Classified    
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Loss [Line Items]    
Current fiscal year 1.0 0.0
Year before current fiscal year 19.0 0.0
Two years before current fiscal year 0.0 0.0
Three years before current fiscal year 52.0 4.0
Four years before current fiscal year 0.0 0.0
Five or more years before current fiscal year 0.0 0.0
Revolving Loans Amortized Cost Basis 0.0 0.0
Loans HFI, net of deferred fees and costs 72.0 4.0
Other    
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Loss [Line Items]    
Current fiscal year 4.0 23.0
Year before current fiscal year 10.0 10.0
Two years before current fiscal year 3.0 13.0
Three years before current fiscal year 11.0 5.0
Four years before current fiscal year 3.0 2.0
Five or more years before current fiscal year 64.0 62.0
Revolving Loans Amortized Cost Basis 66.0 64.0
Loans HFI, net of deferred fees and costs 161.0 179.0
Current fiscal year, writeoff 0.0  
Year before current fiscal year, writeoff 0.2  
Two years before current fiscal year, writeoff 0.0  
Three years before current fiscal year, writeoff 0.0  
Four years before current fiscal year, writeoff 0.0  
Five years before current fiscal year, writeoff 0.2  
Revolving Loans Amortized Cost Basis, Writeoff 0.0  
Charge-offs 0.4 0.3
Other | Pass    
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Loss [Line Items]    
Current fiscal year 4.0 23.0
Year before current fiscal year 10.0 10.0
Two years before current fiscal year 3.0 13.0
Three years before current fiscal year 11.0 5.0
Four years before current fiscal year 3.0 2.0
Five or more years before current fiscal year 62.0 61.0
Revolving Loans Amortized Cost Basis 66.0 64.0
Loans HFI, net of deferred fees and costs 159.0 178.0
Other | Special mention    
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Loss [Line Items]    
Current fiscal year 0.0 0.0
Year before current fiscal year 0.0 0.0
Two years before current fiscal year 0.0 0.0
Three years before current fiscal year 0.0 0.0
Four years before current fiscal year 0.0 0.0
Five or more years before current fiscal year 1.0 1.0
Revolving Loans Amortized Cost Basis 0.0 0.0
Loans HFI, net of deferred fees and costs 1.0 1.0
Other | Classified    
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Loss [Line Items]    
Current fiscal year 0.0 0.0
Year before current fiscal year 0.0 0.0
Two years before current fiscal year 0.0 0.0
Three years before current fiscal year 0.0 0.0
Four years before current fiscal year 0.0 0.0
Five or more years before current fiscal year 1.0 0.0
Revolving Loans Amortized Cost Basis 0.0 0.0
Loans HFI, net of deferred fees and costs $ 1.0 $ 0.0
v3.24.0.1
Loans, Leases and Allowance for Credit Losses - Amortized Cost Basis of Loans Modified (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Millions
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2023
Dec. 31, 2022
Financing Receivable, Troubled Debt Restructuring [Line Items]    
Amortized cost basis $ 206.0 $ 11.0
% of Total Class of Financing Receivable 0.40%  
Payment Delay and Term Extension    
Financing Receivable, Troubled Debt Restructuring [Line Items]    
Amortized cost basis $ 1.0  
Term Extension    
Financing Receivable, Troubled Debt Restructuring [Line Items]    
Amortized cost basis 188.0  
Payment Delay    
Financing Receivable, Troubled Debt Restructuring [Line Items]    
Amortized cost basis 17.0  
Tech & innovation    
Financing Receivable, Troubled Debt Restructuring [Line Items]    
Amortized cost basis $ 15.0  
% of Total Class of Financing Receivable 0.50%  
Tech & innovation | Payment Delay and Term Extension    
Financing Receivable, Troubled Debt Restructuring [Line Items]    
Amortized cost basis $ 1.0  
Tech & innovation | Term Extension    
Financing Receivable, Troubled Debt Restructuring [Line Items]    
Amortized cost basis 6.0  
Tech & innovation | Payment Delay    
Financing Receivable, Troubled Debt Restructuring [Line Items]    
Amortized cost basis 8.0  
Other commercial and industrial    
Financing Receivable, Troubled Debt Restructuring [Line Items]    
Amortized cost basis $ 31.0  
% of Total Class of Financing Receivable 0.40%  
Other commercial and industrial | Payment Delay and Term Extension    
Financing Receivable, Troubled Debt Restructuring [Line Items]    
Amortized cost basis $ 0.0  
Other commercial and industrial | Term Extension    
Financing Receivable, Troubled Debt Restructuring [Line Items]    
Amortized cost basis 23.0  
Other commercial and industrial | Payment Delay    
Financing Receivable, Troubled Debt Restructuring [Line Items]    
Amortized cost basis 8.0  
CRE - owner occupied    
Financing Receivable, Troubled Debt Restructuring [Line Items]    
Amortized cost basis $ 3.0  
% of Total Class of Financing Receivable 0.20%  
CRE - owner occupied | Payment Delay and Term Extension    
Financing Receivable, Troubled Debt Restructuring [Line Items]    
Amortized cost basis $ 0.0  
CRE - owner occupied | Term Extension    
Financing Receivable, Troubled Debt Restructuring [Line Items]    
Amortized cost basis 3.0  
CRE - owner occupied | Payment Delay    
Financing Receivable, Troubled Debt Restructuring [Line Items]    
Amortized cost basis 0.0  
Hotel franchise finance    
Financing Receivable, Troubled Debt Restructuring [Line Items]    
Amortized cost basis $ 37.0  
% of Total Class of Financing Receivable 1.00%  
Hotel franchise finance | Payment Delay and Term Extension    
Financing Receivable, Troubled Debt Restructuring [Line Items]    
Amortized cost basis $ 0.0  
Hotel franchise finance | Term Extension    
Financing Receivable, Troubled Debt Restructuring [Line Items]    
Amortized cost basis 37.0  
Hotel franchise finance | Payment Delay    
Financing Receivable, Troubled Debt Restructuring [Line Items]    
Amortized cost basis 0.0  
Other CRE - non-owner occupied    
Financing Receivable, Troubled Debt Restructuring [Line Items]    
Amortized cost basis $ 119.0  
% of Total Class of Financing Receivable 2.00%  
Other CRE - non-owner occupied | Payment Delay and Term Extension    
Financing Receivable, Troubled Debt Restructuring [Line Items]    
Amortized cost basis $ 0.0  
Other CRE - non-owner occupied | Term Extension    
Financing Receivable, Troubled Debt Restructuring [Line Items]    
Amortized cost basis 119.0  
Other CRE - non-owner occupied | Payment Delay    
Financing Receivable, Troubled Debt Restructuring [Line Items]    
Amortized cost basis 0.0  
Residential    
Financing Receivable, Troubled Debt Restructuring [Line Items]    
Amortized cost basis $ 1.0  
% of Total Class of Financing Receivable 0.00%  
Residential | Payment Delay and Term Extension    
Financing Receivable, Troubled Debt Restructuring [Line Items]    
Amortized cost basis $ 0.0  
Residential | Term Extension    
Financing Receivable, Troubled Debt Restructuring [Line Items]    
Amortized cost basis 0.0  
Residential | Payment Delay    
Financing Receivable, Troubled Debt Restructuring [Line Items]    
Amortized cost basis 1.0  
Residential - EBO    
Financing Receivable, Troubled Debt Restructuring [Line Items]    
Amortized cost basis $ 225.0  
v3.24.0.1
Loans, Leases and Allowance for Credit Losses - Troubled Debt Restructurings (Details)
$ in Millions
Dec. 31, 2022
USD ($)
SecurityLoan
Financing Receivable, Troubled Debt Restructuring [Line Items]  
Number of Loans | SecurityLoan 7
Recorded Investment | $ $ 14
Other commercial and industrial  
Financing Receivable, Troubled Debt Restructuring [Line Items]  
Number of Loans | SecurityLoan 4
Recorded Investment | $ $ 2
CRE - owner occupied  
Financing Receivable, Troubled Debt Restructuring [Line Items]  
Number of Loans | SecurityLoan 1
Recorded Investment | $ $ 1
Hotel franchise finance  
Financing Receivable, Troubled Debt Restructuring [Line Items]  
Number of Loans | SecurityLoan 1
Recorded Investment | $ $ 10
Other CRE - non-owner occupied  
Financing Receivable, Troubled Debt Restructuring [Line Items]  
Number of Loans | SecurityLoan 1
Recorded Investment | $ $ 1
v3.24.0.1
Loans, Leases and Allowance for Credit Losses - Collateral Dependent Loans (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Millions
Dec. 31, 2023
Dec. 31, 2022
Loans and Leases Receivable Disclosure [Line Items]    
Net loans HFI $ 49,960 $ 51,552
Asset Pledged as Collateral    
Loans and Leases Receivable Disclosure [Line Items]    
Net loans HFI 389 302
Real Estate Collateral | Asset Pledged as Collateral    
Loans and Leases Receivable Disclosure [Line Items]    
Net loans HFI 354 259
Other Collateral | Asset Pledged as Collateral    
Loans and Leases Receivable Disclosure [Line Items]    
Net loans HFI 35 43
Municipal & nonprofit | Asset Pledged as Collateral    
Loans and Leases Receivable Disclosure [Line Items]    
Net loans HFI 6 7
Municipal & nonprofit | Real Estate Collateral | Asset Pledged as Collateral    
Loans and Leases Receivable Disclosure [Line Items]    
Net loans HFI 0 0
Municipal & nonprofit | Other Collateral | Asset Pledged as Collateral    
Loans and Leases Receivable Disclosure [Line Items]    
Net loans HFI 6 7
Tech & innovation | Asset Pledged as Collateral    
Loans and Leases Receivable Disclosure [Line Items]    
Net loans HFI 0 6
Tech & innovation | Real Estate Collateral | Asset Pledged as Collateral    
Loans and Leases Receivable Disclosure [Line Items]    
Net loans HFI 0 0
Tech & innovation | Other Collateral | Asset Pledged as Collateral    
Loans and Leases Receivable Disclosure [Line Items]    
Net loans HFI 0 6
Other commercial and industrial | Asset Pledged as Collateral    
Loans and Leases Receivable Disclosure [Line Items]    
Net loans HFI 29 30
Other commercial and industrial | Real Estate Collateral | Asset Pledged as Collateral    
Loans and Leases Receivable Disclosure [Line Items]    
Net loans HFI 0 0
Other commercial and industrial | Other Collateral | Asset Pledged as Collateral    
Loans and Leases Receivable Disclosure [Line Items]    
Net loans HFI 29 30
CRE - owner occupied | Asset Pledged as Collateral    
Loans and Leases Receivable Disclosure [Line Items]    
Net loans HFI 43 42
CRE - owner occupied | Real Estate Collateral | Asset Pledged as Collateral    
Loans and Leases Receivable Disclosure [Line Items]    
Net loans HFI 43 42
CRE - owner occupied | Other Collateral | Asset Pledged as Collateral    
Loans and Leases Receivable Disclosure [Line Items]    
Net loans HFI 0 0
Hotel franchise finance | Asset Pledged as Collateral    
Loans and Leases Receivable Disclosure [Line Items]    
Net loans HFI 104 186
Hotel franchise finance | Real Estate Collateral | Asset Pledged as Collateral    
Loans and Leases Receivable Disclosure [Line Items]    
Net loans HFI 104 186
Hotel franchise finance | Other Collateral | Asset Pledged as Collateral    
Loans and Leases Receivable Disclosure [Line Items]    
Net loans HFI 0 0
Other CRE - non-owner occupied | Asset Pledged as Collateral    
Loans and Leases Receivable Disclosure [Line Items]    
Net loans HFI 136 27
Other CRE - non-owner occupied | Real Estate Collateral | Asset Pledged as Collateral    
Loans and Leases Receivable Disclosure [Line Items]    
Net loans HFI 136 27
Other CRE - non-owner occupied | Other Collateral | Asset Pledged as Collateral    
Loans and Leases Receivable Disclosure [Line Items]    
Net loans HFI 0 0
Construction and land development | Asset Pledged as Collateral    
Loans and Leases Receivable Disclosure [Line Items]    
Net loans HFI 71 4
Construction and land development | Real Estate Collateral | Asset Pledged as Collateral    
Loans and Leases Receivable Disclosure [Line Items]    
Net loans HFI 71 4
Construction and land development | Other Collateral | Asset Pledged as Collateral    
Loans and Leases Receivable Disclosure [Line Items]    
Net loans HFI $ 0 $ 0
v3.24.0.1
Loans, Leases and Allowance for Credit Losses - Allowances for Credit Losses (Detail) - USD ($)
$ in Millions
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2023
Dec. 31, 2022
Accounts Receivable, Allowance for Credit Loss [Roll Forward]    
Beginning balance $ 309.7 $ 252.5
Provision for (Recovery of) Credit Losses 56.9 58.7
Charge-offs 35.2 9.3
Recoveries (5.3) (7.8)
Ending balance 336.7 309.7
Balance, beginning of period 47.0 37.6
Provision for credit losses (15.4) 9.4
Balance, end of period 31.6 47.0
Warehouse lending    
Accounts Receivable, Allowance for Credit Loss [Roll Forward]    
Beginning balance 8.4 3.0
Provision for (Recovery of) Credit Losses (2.6) 5.4
Charge-offs 0.0 0.0
Recoveries 0.0 0.0
Ending balance 5.8 8.4
Municipal & nonprofit    
Accounts Receivable, Allowance for Credit Loss [Roll Forward]    
Beginning balance 15.9 13.7
Provision for (Recovery of) Credit Losses (1.2) 2.2
Charge-offs 0.0 0.0
Recoveries 0.0 0.0
Ending balance 14.7 15.9
Tech & innovation    
Accounts Receivable, Allowance for Credit Loss [Roll Forward]    
Beginning balance 30.8 25.7
Provision for (Recovery of) Credit Losses 18.2 3.0
Charge-offs 6.9 0.0
Recoveries 0.0 (2.1)
Ending balance 42.1 30.8
Equity fund resources    
Accounts Receivable, Allowance for Credit Loss [Roll Forward]    
Beginning balance 6.4 9.6
Provision for (Recovery of) Credit Losses (5.1) (3.2)
Charge-offs 0.0 0.0
Recoveries 0.0 0.0
Ending balance 1.3 6.4
Other commercial and industrial    
Accounts Receivable, Allowance for Credit Loss [Roll Forward]    
Beginning balance 85.9 103.6
Provision for (Recovery of) Credit Losses 13.2 (14.4)
Charge-offs 22.7 8.5
Recoveries (5.0) (5.2)
Ending balance 81.4 85.9
CRE - owner occupied    
Accounts Receivable, Allowance for Credit Loss [Roll Forward]    
Beginning balance 7.1 10.6
Provision for (Recovery of) Credit Losses (1.1) (3.6)
Charge-offs 0.0 0.0
Recoveries 0.0 (0.1)
Ending balance 6.0 7.1
Hotel franchise finance    
Accounts Receivable, Allowance for Credit Loss [Roll Forward]    
Beginning balance 46.9 41.5
Provision for (Recovery of) Credit Losses (13.5) 5.4
Charge-offs 0.0 0.0
Recoveries 0.0 0.0
Ending balance 33.4 46.9
Other CRE - non-owner occupied    
Accounts Receivable, Allowance for Credit Loss [Roll Forward]    
Beginning balance 47.4 16.9
Provision for (Recovery of) Credit Losses 53.8 30.4
Charge-offs 5.2 0.0
Recoveries 0.0 (0.1)
Ending balance 96.0 47.4
Residential    
Accounts Receivable, Allowance for Credit Loss [Roll Forward]    
Beginning balance 30.4 12.5
Provision for (Recovery of) Credit Losses (7.4) 17.8
Charge-offs 0.0 0.0
Recoveries (0.1) (0.1)
Ending balance 23.1 30.4
Residential - EBO    
Accounts Receivable, Allowance for Credit Loss [Roll Forward]    
Beginning balance 0.0 0.0
Provision for (Recovery of) Credit Losses 0.0 0.0
Charge-offs 0.0 0.0
Recoveries 0.0 0.0
Ending balance 0.0 0.0
Construction and land development    
Accounts Receivable, Allowance for Credit Loss [Roll Forward]    
Beginning balance 27.4 12.5
Provision for (Recovery of) Credit Losses 3.0 15.3
Charge-offs 0.0 0.5
Recoveries 0.0 (0.1)
Ending balance 30.4 27.4
Other    
Accounts Receivable, Allowance for Credit Loss [Roll Forward]    
Beginning balance 3.1 2.9
Provision for (Recovery of) Credit Losses (0.4) 0.4
Charge-offs 0.4 0.3
Recoveries (0.2) (0.1)
Ending balance $ 2.5 $ 3.1
v3.24.0.1
Loans, Leases and Allowance for Credit Losses - Disaggregation of the Company's ACL on Funded Loans and Loan Balances (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Millions
Dec. 31, 2023
Dec. 31, 2022
Dec. 31, 2021
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Loss [Line Items]      
Collectively Evaluated for Credit Loss $ 49,723.0 $ 51,526.0  
Individually Evaluated for Credit Loss 574.0 336.0  
Loans HFI, net of deferred fees and costs 50,297.0 51,862.0  
Collectively Evaluated for Credit Loss 315.1 299.0  
Individually Evaluated for Credit Loss 21.6 10.7  
Total 336.7 309.7 $ 252.5
Warehouse lending      
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Loss [Line Items]      
Collectively Evaluated for Credit Loss 6,618.0 5,561.0  
Individually Evaluated for Credit Loss 0.0 0.0  
Loans HFI, net of deferred fees and costs 6,618.0 5,561.0  
Collectively Evaluated for Credit Loss 5.8 8.4  
Individually Evaluated for Credit Loss 0.0 0.0  
Total 5.8 8.4 3.0
Municipal & nonprofit      
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Loss [Line Items]      
Collectively Evaluated for Credit Loss 1,548.0 1,517.0  
Individually Evaluated for Credit Loss 6.0 7.0  
Loans HFI, net of deferred fees and costs 1,554.0 1,524.0  
Collectively Evaluated for Credit Loss 13.7 13.4  
Individually Evaluated for Credit Loss 1.0 2.5  
Total 14.7 15.9 13.7
Tech & innovation      
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Loss [Line Items]      
Collectively Evaluated for Credit Loss 2,729.0 2,280.0  
Individually Evaluated for Credit Loss 79.0 13.0  
Loans HFI, net of deferred fees and costs 2,808.0 2,293.0  
Collectively Evaluated for Credit Loss 38.3 30.3  
Individually Evaluated for Credit Loss 3.8 0.5  
Total 42.1 30.8 25.7
Equity fund resources      
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Loss [Line Items]      
Collectively Evaluated for Credit Loss 845.0 3,717.0  
Individually Evaluated for Credit Loss 0.0 0.0  
Loans HFI, net of deferred fees and costs 845.0 3,717.0  
Collectively Evaluated for Credit Loss 1.3 6.4  
Individually Evaluated for Credit Loss 0.0 0.0  
Total 1.3 6.4 9.6
Other commercial and industrial      
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Loss [Line Items]      
Collectively Evaluated for Credit Loss 7,362.0 7,754.0  
Individually Evaluated for Credit Loss 90.0 39.0  
Loans HFI, net of deferred fees and costs 7,452.0 7,793.0  
Collectively Evaluated for Credit Loss 64.6 80.4  
Individually Evaluated for Credit Loss 16.8 5.5  
Total 81.4 85.9 103.6
CRE - owner occupied      
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Loss [Line Items]      
Collectively Evaluated for Credit Loss 1,613.0 1,612.0  
Individually Evaluated for Credit Loss 45.0 44.0  
Loans HFI, net of deferred fees and costs 1,658.0 1,656.0  
Collectively Evaluated for Credit Loss 6.0 7.1  
Individually Evaluated for Credit Loss 0.0 0.0  
Total 6.0 7.1 10.6
Hotel franchise finance      
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Loss [Line Items]      
Collectively Evaluated for Credit Loss 3,708.0 3,607.0  
Individually Evaluated for Credit Loss 147.0 200.0  
Loans HFI, net of deferred fees and costs 3,855.0 3,807.0  
Collectively Evaluated for Credit Loss 33.4 44.7  
Individually Evaluated for Credit Loss 0.0 2.2  
Total 33.4 46.9 41.5
Other CRE - non-owner occupied      
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Loss [Line Items]      
Collectively Evaluated for Credit Loss 5,838.0 5,428.0  
Individually Evaluated for Credit Loss 136.0 29.0  
Loans HFI, net of deferred fees and costs 5,974.0 5,457.0  
Collectively Evaluated for Credit Loss 96.0 47.4  
Individually Evaluated for Credit Loss 0.0 0.0  
Total 96.0 47.4 16.9
Residential      
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Loss [Line Items]      
Collectively Evaluated for Credit Loss 13,287.0 13,996.0  
Individually Evaluated for Credit Loss 0.0 0.0  
Loans HFI, net of deferred fees and costs 13,287.0 13,996.0  
Collectively Evaluated for Credit Loss 23.1 30.4  
Individually Evaluated for Credit Loss 0.0 0.0  
Total 23.1 30.4 12.5
Residential - EBO      
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Loss [Line Items]      
Collectively Evaluated for Credit Loss 1,223.0 1,884.0  
Individually Evaluated for Credit Loss 0.0 0.0  
Loans HFI, net of deferred fees and costs 1,223.0 1,884.0  
Collectively Evaluated for Credit Loss 0.0 0.0  
Individually Evaluated for Credit Loss 0.0 0.0  
Total 0.0 0.0 0.0
Construction and land development      
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Loss [Line Items]      
Collectively Evaluated for Credit Loss 4,791.0 3,991.0  
Individually Evaluated for Credit Loss 71.0 4.0  
Loans HFI, net of deferred fees and costs 4,862.0 3,995.0  
Collectively Evaluated for Credit Loss 30.4 27.4  
Individually Evaluated for Credit Loss 0.0 0.0  
Total 30.4 27.4 12.5
Other      
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Loss [Line Items]      
Collectively Evaluated for Credit Loss 161.0 179.0  
Individually Evaluated for Credit Loss 0.0 0.0  
Loans HFI, net of deferred fees and costs 161.0 179.0  
Collectively Evaluated for Credit Loss 2.5 3.1  
Individually Evaluated for Credit Loss 0.0 0.0  
Total $ 2.5 $ 3.1 $ 2.9
v3.24.0.1
Mortgage Servicing Rights - Changes in Fair Value of the Company's MSR Portfolio (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Millions
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2023
Dec. 31, 2022
Servicing Asset at Fair Value, Amount [Roll Forward]    
Balance, beginning of period $ 1,148 $ 698
Mortgage servicing rights capitalized upon sale of mortgage loans 865 720
Carrying value of MSRs sold (800) (350)
Change in fair value 11 192
Mark to market adjustments 4 0
Realization of cash flows (104) 112
Balance, end of period 1,124 1,148
Unpaid principal balance of mortgage loans serviced for others $ 68,647 $ 70,849
Servicing Asset, Fair Value, Change in Fair Value, Other, Statement of Income or Comprehensive Income [Extensible Enumeration] Net loan servicing revenue (expense) Net loan servicing revenue (expense)
v3.24.0.1
Mortgage Servicing Rights - Additional Information (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Millions
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2023
Dec. 31, 2022
Servicing Assets at Fair Value [Line Items]    
Aggregate net sales price of MSR sales   $ 350.0
MSR Sales, UPB of underlying loans $ 60,100.0 24,100.0
MSR loan receivables 41.0 39.0
Loan servicing fees 233.7 194.5
Servicing advances, net (87.0) $ (102.0)
Servicing Contracts    
Servicing Assets at Fair Value [Line Items]    
Aggregate net sales price of MSR sales $ 800.0  
v3.24.0.1
Mortgage Servicing Rights - Effect of Hypothetical Changes in the Fair Value of MSRs (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Millions
Dec. 31, 2023
Dec. 31, 2022
Dec. 31, 2021
Transfers and Servicing [Abstract]      
Loans serviced $ 1,124 $ 1,148 $ 698
Adverse change 67    
Favorable change 62    
Increase (21)    
Decrease 22    
Increase (32)    
Decrease 35    
Increase (14)    
Decrease $ 14    
v3.24.0.1
Premises and Equipment (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Millions
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2023
Dec. 31, 2022
Dec. 31, 2021
Property, Plant and Equipment [Abstract]      
Bank premises $ 96.0 $ 95.0  
Construction in progress 82.0 60.0  
Furniture, fixtures, and equipment 108.0 97.0  
Land and improvements 32.0 32.0  
Leasehold improvements 85.0 66.0  
Software 142.0 83.0  
Total 545.0 433.0  
Accumulated depreciation and amortization (206.0) (157.0)  
Premises and equipment, net 339.0 276.0  
Depreciation $ 49.5 $ 31.8 $ 20.7
v3.24.0.1
Leases - Additional Information (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Millions
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2023
Dec. 31, 2022
Dec. 31, 2021
Lessee, Lease, Description [Line Items]      
Operating lease right of use asset $ 145.0 $ 163.0  
Operating lease liability $ 179.0 $ 185.0  
Discount rate 2.96% 2.81% 2.14%
Weighted average remaining lease term 6 years 7 months 6 days 7 years 4 months 24 days 7 years 6 months
Renewal options 5 years    
Lease cost $ 28.8 $ 25.4 $ 18.8
Lessee, operating lease, other cost $ 4.9 $ 4.0 $ 3.8
Minimum      
Lessee, Lease, Description [Line Items]      
Remaining lease term 1 year    
Maximum      
Lessee, Lease, Description [Line Items]      
Remaining lease term 10 years    
v3.24.0.1
Leases - Schedule of Operating Lease Liabilities by Contractual Maturity (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Millions
Dec. 31, 2023
Dec. 31, 2022
Leases [Abstract]    
2024 $ 31  
2025 33  
2026 29  
2027 26  
2028 25  
Thereafter 55  
Total lease payments 199  
Less: imputed interest 20  
Operating lease liability $ 179 $ 185
v3.24.0.1
Leases - Supplemental Cash Flow Information (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Millions
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2023
Dec. 31, 2022
Dec. 31, 2021
Leases [Abstract]      
Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of operating lease liabilities $ 19.3 $ 15.1 $ 16.3
Right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for new operating lease liabilities $ 6.3 $ 51.6 $ 76.7
v3.24.0.1
Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets - Summary of Goodwill by Reporting Unit (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Millions
Dec. 31, 2023
Dec. 31, 2022
Goodwill [Line Items]    
Goodwill $ 527 $ 527
Commercial banking (1)    
Goodwill [Line Items]    
Goodwill 290 290
Mortgage banking (2)    
Goodwill [Line Items]    
Goodwill 200 200
Legal banking (3)    
Goodwill [Line Items]    
Goodwill $ 37 $ 37
v3.24.0.1
Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets - Additional Information (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Millions
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2023
Dec. 31, 2022
Dec. 31, 2021
Goodwill and Intangible Assets Disclosure [Abstract]      
Goodwill $ 527.0 $ 527.0  
Estimated useful life 23 years 8 months 12 days    
Amortization of intangible assets $ 10.5 $ 10.4 $ 6.1
v3.24.0.1
Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets - Summary of Acquired Intangible Assets (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Millions
Dec. 31, 2023
Dec. 31, 2022
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]    
Gross Carrying Amount $ 178.0 $ 178.0
Accumulated Amortization 36.0 25.0
Net Carrying Amount 142.0 153.0
Core deposits    
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]    
Gross Carrying Amount 14.0 14.0
Accumulated Amortization 12.0 11.0
Net Carrying Amount 2.0 3.0
Correspondent customer relationships    
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]    
Gross Carrying Amount 76.0 76.0
Accumulated Amortization 10.0 7.0
Net Carrying Amount 66.0 69.0
Customer relationships    
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]    
Gross Carrying Amount 18.0 18.0
Accumulated Amortization 6.0 3.0
Net Carrying Amount 12.0 15.0
Developed technology    
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]    
Gross Carrying Amount 4.0 4.0
Accumulated Amortization 2.0 1.0
Net Carrying Amount 2.0 3.0
Operating licenses    
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]    
Gross Carrying Amount 56.0 56.0
Accumulated Amortization 4.0 2.0
Net Carrying Amount 52.0 54.0
Trade names    
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]    
Gross Carrying Amount 10.0 10.0
Accumulated Amortization 2.0 1.0
Net Carrying Amount $ 8.0 $ 9.0
v3.24.0.1
Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets - Summary of Future Estimated Amortization Expenses (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Millions
Dec. 31, 2023
Dec. 31, 2022
Goodwill and Intangible Assets Disclosure [Abstract]    
2024 $ 10.0  
2025 10.0  
2026 9.0  
2027 8.0  
2028 8.0  
Thereafter 97.0  
Net Carrying Amount $ 142.0 $ 153.0
v3.24.0.1
Deposits - Deposits by Type (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Millions
Dec. 31, 2023
Dec. 31, 2022
Other Liabilities Disclosure [Abstract]    
Non-interest-bearing demand $ 14,520 $ 19,691
Interest-bearing transaction accounts 15,916 9,507
Savings and money market accounts 14,791 19,397
Time certificates of deposit ($250,000 or more) (1) 1,478 1,101
Other time deposits 8,628 3,948
Total deposits 55,333 53,644
Retail brokered time deposits $ 5,800 $ 2,700
v3.24.0.1
Deposits - Summary of Contractual Maturities for Time Deposits (Details)
$ in Millions
Dec. 31, 2023
USD ($)
Other Liabilities Disclosure [Abstract]  
2024 $ 9,092
2025 1,007
2026 6
2027 1
Total $ 10,106
v3.24.0.1
Deposits - Additional Information (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Millions
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2023
Dec. 31, 2022
Dec. 31, 2021
Other Liabilities Disclosure [Abstract]      
Wholesale deposits $ 6,600.0 $ 4,800.0  
Reciprocal deposits 13,300.0 2,800.0  
Earnings credits or referral fees 17,800.0 12,900.0  
Deposits costs, deposits with earnings credits $ 422.5 $ 162.8 $ 27.4
v3.24.0.1
Other Borrowings - Company's Borrowings (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Millions
Dec. 31, 2023
Dec. 31, 2022
Debt [Line Items]    
Federal funds purchased $ 175 $ 640
FHLB advances 6,200 4,300
Warehouse borrowings 376 0
Customer repurchase agreements 6 27
Total short-term borrowings 6,784 4,992
AmeriHome senior notes, net of fair value adjustment 0 315
Credit linked notes, net 446 992
Total long-term borrowings 446 1,307
Other borrowings 7,230 6,299
Secured borrowings    
Debt [Line Items]    
Secured borrowings $ 27 $ 25
v3.24.0.1
Other Borrowings - Additional Information (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Millions
3 Months Ended 12 Months Ended
Mar. 31, 2023
Dec. 31, 2023
Dec. 31, 2022
Dec. 31, 2021
Apr. 07, 2021
Debt [Line Items]          
Weighted average rate on FHLB advances   5.67% 4.70%    
Warehouse borrowings   $ 376.0 $ 0.0    
Customer repurchase agreements   6.0 27.0    
(Gain) loss on extinguishment of debt   52.7 0.0 $ (5.9)  
Credit Linked Notes          
Debt [Line Items]          
Debt Issuance Costs   8.0 14.0    
Principal   $ 460.0 1,028.0    
Fed Funds Effective Rate Overnight Index Swap Rate | Minimum          
Debt [Line Items]          
Basis spread   0.10%      
Fed Funds Effective Rate Overnight Index Swap Rate | Maximum          
Debt [Line Items]          
Basis spread   0.20%      
Senior Notes          
Debt [Line Items]          
Principal     $ 300.0    
Interest Rate     6.50%    
Fair value adjustment (premium)         $ 19.3
(Gain) loss on extinguishment of debt   $ 39.3      
Credit Linked Notes          
Debt [Line Items]          
(Gain) loss on extinguishment of debt   13.4      
Customer Repurchase Agreements          
Debt [Line Items]          
Customer repurchase agreements   6.0 $ 27.0    
BTFP advances          
Debt [Line Items]          
Draw on short-term debt $ 1,300.0        
Federal Home Loan Bank Advances          
Debt [Line Items]          
Additional available credit with the entity   $ 6,100.0 6,800.0    
Federal Reserve Bank BTFP Advances          
Debt [Line Items]          
Basis spread   0.10%      
FRB          
Debt [Line Items]          
Additional available credit with the entity   $ 16,700.0 5,200.0    
Warehouse Agreement Borrowings          
Debt [Line Items]          
Additional available credit with the entity   3,000.0 $ 0.0    
Warehouse borrowings   $ 376.0      
Weighted average borrowing rate   6.72%      
Secured Debt          
Debt [Line Items]          
Weighted average borrowing rate   6.10% 6.39%    
Unsecured Credit Facility          
Debt [Line Items]          
Secured borrowing credit line   $ 1,100.0      
v3.24.0.1
Other Borrowings - Outstanding Credit Linked Noted Issuances (Details)
$ in Millions
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2023
USD ($)
class
Dec. 31, 2022
USD ($)
Debt [Line Items]    
Classes of notes | class 6  
Credit Linked Notes    
Debt [Line Items]    
Principal $ 460 $ 1,028
Debt Issuance Costs 8 14
Credit Linked Notes Maturing October 2052    
Debt [Line Items]    
Principal 90  
Debt Issuance Costs 2  
Credit Linked Notes Maturing October 2052 | Credit Linked Notes    
Debt [Line Items]    
Principal   95
Debt Issuance Costs   2
Reference pool balance $ 1,800 $ 1,900
Credit Linked Notes Maturing October 2052 | Secured Overnight Financing Rate (SOFR) Overnight Index Swap Rate | Credit Linked Notes    
Debt [Line Items]    
Basis spread 7.80% 7.80%
Weighted average borrowing rate 7.80%  
Credit Linked Notes Maturing October 2052 | Secured Overnight Financing Rate (SOFR) Overnight Index Swap Rate | Minimum | Credit Linked Notes    
Debt [Line Items]    
Basis spread 2.25%  
Credit Linked Notes Maturing October 2052 | Secured Overnight Financing Rate (SOFR) Overnight Index Swap Rate | Maximum | Credit Linked Notes    
Debt [Line Items]    
Basis spread 11.00%  
Credit Linked Notes Maturing April 2052 | Credit Linked Notes    
Debt [Line Items]    
Principal   $ 189
Debt Issuance Costs   3
Reference pool balance $ 3,600 $ 3,800
Credit Linked Notes Maturing April 2052 | Secured Overnight Financing Rate (SOFR) Overnight Index Swap Rate | Credit Linked Notes    
Debt [Line Items]    
Basis spread 6.00% 6.00%
Weighted average borrowing rate 6.00%  
Credit Linked Notes Maturing April 2052 | Secured Overnight Financing Rate (SOFR) Overnight Index Swap Rate | Minimum | Credit Linked Notes    
Debt [Line Items]    
Basis spread 2.25%  
Credit Linked Notes Maturing April 2052 | Secured Overnight Financing Rate (SOFR) Overnight Index Swap Rate | Maximum | Credit Linked Notes    
Debt [Line Items]    
Basis spread 15.00%  
Credit Linked Notes Maturing July 2059    
Debt [Line Items]    
Principal $ 191 $ 202
Debt Issuance Costs 3 3
Credit Linked Notes Maturing July 2059 | Credit Linked Notes    
Debt [Line Items]    
Reference pool balance $ 3,800 $ 4,000
Credit Linked Notes Maturing July 2059 | Secured Overnight Financing Rate (SOFR) Overnight Index Swap Rate | Credit Linked Notes    
Debt [Line Items]    
Basis spread 4.67% 4.67%
Weighted average borrowing rate 4.67%  
Credit Linked Notes Maturing July 2059 | Secured Overnight Financing Rate (SOFR) Overnight Index Swap Rate | Minimum | Credit Linked Notes    
Debt [Line Items]    
Basis spread 3.15%  
Credit Linked Notes Maturing July 2059 | Secured Overnight Financing Rate (SOFR) Overnight Index Swap Rate | Maximum | Credit Linked Notes    
Debt [Line Items]    
Basis spread 8.50%  
Credit Linked Notes Maturing June 2028 | Credit Linked Notes    
Debt [Line Items]    
Principal   $ 300
Debt Issuance Costs   4
Reference pool balance   $ 1,600
Credit Linked Notes Maturing June 2028 | Secured Overnight Financing Rate (SOFR) Overnight Index Swap Rate | Credit Linked Notes    
Debt [Line Items]    
Basis spread   6.75%
Credit Linked Notes Maturing December 2024    
Debt [Line Items]    
Principal   $ 242
Debt Issuance Costs   2
Credit Linked Notes Maturing December 2024 | Credit Linked Notes    
Debt [Line Items]    
Reference pool balance   $ 689
Credit Linked Notes Maturing December 2024 | London Interbank Offered Rate (LIBOR) Swap Rate | Credit Linked Notes    
Debt [Line Items]    
Basis spread   5.50%
Credit Linked Notes Maturing April 2052    
Debt [Line Items]    
Principal $ 179  
Debt Issuance Costs $ 3  
v3.24.0.1
Qualifying Debt - Subordinated Debt Issuances (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Millions
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2023
Dec. 31, 2022
Subordinated Debt    
Debt Instrument [Line Items]    
Principal $ 825 $ 825
Debt Issuance Costs $ 7 $ 8
Subordinated Debentures Maturing June 2031    
Debt Instrument [Line Items]    
Interest rate 3.00%  
Subordinated Debentures Maturing June 2031 | Secured Overnight Financing Rate (SOFR) Overnight Index Swap Rate    
Debt Instrument [Line Items]    
Basis spread 2.25%  
Subordinated Debentures Maturing June 2031 | Subordinated Debt    
Debt Instrument [Line Items]    
Interest Rate 3.00%  
Principal $ 600  
Debt Issuance Costs $ 6  
Subordinated Debentures Maturing June 2030    
Debt Instrument [Line Items]    
Interest rate 5.25%  
Subordinated Debentures Maturing June 2030 | Secured Overnight Financing Rate (SOFR) Overnight Index Swap Rate    
Debt Instrument [Line Items]    
Basis spread 5.12%  
Subordinated Debentures Maturing June 2030 [Member] | Subordinated Debt    
Debt Instrument [Line Items]    
Interest Rate 5.25%  
Principal $ 225  
Debt Issuance Costs $ 1  
Subordinated Debentures Maturing July 2056 [Member] | Subordinated Debt    
Debt Instrument [Line Items]    
Interest Rate   3.00%
Principal   $ 600
Debt Issuance Costs   $ 7
Subordinated Debentures Maturing July 2025 [Member] | Subordinated Debt    
Debt Instrument [Line Items]    
Interest Rate   5.25%
Principal   $ 225
Debt Issuance Costs   $ 1
v3.24.0.1
Qualifying Debt (Details)
$ in Millions
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2023
USD ($)
Trust
Dec. 31, 2022
USD ($)
Debt Instrument [Line Items]    
Subordinated debt issuances $ 818 $ 817
Number of statutory business trusts | Trust 8  
Junior subordinated debt $ 77 $ 76
Junior Subordinated Debt    
Debt Instrument [Line Items]    
Weighted average interest rate 7.93% 7.11%
Junior Subordinated Debt | Secured Overnight Financing Rate (SOFR) Overnight Index Swap Rate    
Debt Instrument [Line Items]    
Basis spread 0.26%  
Junior Subordinated Debt | Base Rate    
Debt Instrument [Line Items]    
Basis spread 2.34%  
v3.24.0.1
Stockholders' Equity - Additional Information (Detail) - USD ($)
3 Months Ended 12 Months Ended
Sep. 22, 2021
Dec. 31, 2023
Sep. 30, 2023
Jun. 30, 2023
Mar. 31, 2023
Dec. 31, 2022
Sep. 30, 2022
Jun. 30, 2022
Mar. 31, 2022
Dec. 31, 2021
Sep. 30, 2021
Jun. 30, 2021
Mar. 31, 2021
Dec. 31, 2023
Dec. 31, 2022
Dec. 31, 2021
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]                                
Shares authorized (in shares)   14,600,000                       14,600,000    
Maximum shares authorized (in shares)                           300,000    
Shares available for grant (in shares)   4,900,000                       4,900,000    
Unrecognized compensation expense   $ 39,000,000                       $ 39,000,000    
Expected recognition period                           1 year 9 months 18 days    
Stock issuance, net                             $ 157,700,000  
Proceeds from issuance of common stock, net                           $ 100,000 $ 157,700,000 $ 540,300,000
Dividend rate 4.25%                         4.25%    
Preferred stock, par value (dollars per share) $ 0.0001 $ 0.0001       $ 0.0001               $ 0.0001 $ 0.0001  
Preferred stock, liquidation value (dollars per share) $ 25 25       25               $ 25 $ 25  
Dividends                           $ 158,700,000 $ 153,400,000 124,100,000
Quarterly cash dividend (dollars per share)   $ 0.37 $ 0.36 $ 0.36 $ 0.36 $ 0.36 $ 0.36 $ 0.35 $ 0.35 $ 0.35 $ 0.35 $ 0.25 $ 0.25      
Dividends paid to preferred stockholders                           $ 12,800,000 $ 12,800,000 $ 3,500,000
Preferred stock dividends (dollars per share)                           $ 0.27 $ 0.27  
Restricted stock surrendered (shares)                           152,452 200,745 180,607
Treasury shares purchased price (dollars per share)                           $ 72.27 $ 92.21 $ 86.63
Preferred stock, shares outstanding (shares)   12,000,000       12,000,000               12,000,000 12,000,000  
Director                                
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]                                
Maximum compensation authorized                           $ 600,000    
ATM Offering                                
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]                                
Stock issuance, net (shares)                           0 1,900,000 3,100,000
Stock issuance, net                             $ 158,700,000 $ 333,400,000
Selling price (dollars per share)           $ 83.89       106.41         $ 83.89 $ 106.41
Related offering costs                             $ 1,000,000 $ 2,300,000
Remaining number of shares that can be sold (shares)   1,107,769                       1,107,769    
Registered Direct Offering                                
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]                                
Stock issuance, net (shares)                               2,300,000
Selling price (dollars per share)                   $ 91.00           $ 91.00
Proceeds from issuance of common stock, net                               $ 209,200,000
Retained Earnings                                
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]                                
Dividends                           $ 158,700,000 153,400,000 $ 124,100,000
Dividends paid to preferred stockholders                           $ 12,800,000 12,800,000  
Preferred Stock                                
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]                                
Stock issuance, net (shares)                               12,000,000.0
Stock issuance, net                               $ 294,500,000
Preferred stock, shares outstanding (shares) 12,000,000 12,000,000                       12,000,000    
Performance Shares [Member]                                
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]                                
Vesting period                           3 years    
Share-based payment expense                           $ 1,600,000 11,100,000 11,200,000
Restricted Stock                                
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]                                
Share-based payment expense                           32,700,000 28,700,000 22,900,000
Weighted average grant date fair value, granted                           45,500,000 42,800,000 35,400,000
Fair value of restricted stock vested                           $ 22,900,000 $ 35,800,000 $ 34,200,000
Granted (shares)                           600,000 500,000  
Shares vested (in shares)   1,100,000       900,000       900,000       1,100,000 900,000 900,000
Restricted Stock | Executive Officer                                
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]                                
Share-based payment expense                               $ 600,000
Restricted Stock | Share-Based Payment Arrangement, Employee                                
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]                                
Vesting period                           3 years    
Series A Preferred Stock                                
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]                                
Preferred stock, liquidation value (dollars per share) $ 10,000 $ 10,000                       $ 10,000    
Grant year 2019 | Performance Shares [Member]                                
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]                                
Shares vested (in shares)           203,646                 203,646  
Grant year 2020 | Performance Shares [Member]                                
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]                                
Shares vested (in shares)   157,784                       157,784    
Vesting rate                           180.00%    
Grant year 2021 | Performance Shares [Member]                                
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]                                
Shares vested (in shares)   133,220                       133,220    
Vesting rate                           168.00%    
v3.24.0.1
Stockholders' Equity - Summary of Unvested Shares of Restricted Stock and Changes (Detail) - Restricted Stock - $ / shares
shares in Millions
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2023
Dec. 31, 2022
Shares    
Balance, beginning of period (shares) 0.9 0.9
Granted (shares) 0.6 0.5
Vested (shares) (0.3) (0.4)
Forfeited (shares) (0.1) (0.1)
Balance, end of period (shares) 1.1 0.9
Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value    
Balance, beginning of period $ 84.16 $ 63.53
Granted 72.32 97.61
Vested 65.59 52.00
Forfeited 82.46 79.09
Balance, end of period $ 83.19 $ 84.16
v3.24.0.1
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income - Summary of Changes in Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Detail) - USD ($)
$ in Millions
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2023
Dec. 31, 2022
Dec. 31, 2021
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) [Line Items]      
Beginning balance $ 5,356.0 $ 4,962.6 $ 3,413.5
Ending balance 6,078.4 5,356.0 4,962.6
Unrealized holding gains (losses) on AFS securities      
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) [Line Items]      
Beginning balance (663.7) 16.7 92.1
Other comprehensive loss before reclassifications 116.9 (674.9) (69.0)
Amounts reclassified from AOCI 30.2 (5.5) (6.4)
Net current-period other comprehensive (loss) income 147.1 (680.4) (75.4)
Ending balance (516.6) (663.7) 16.7
Unrealized holding losses on SERP      
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) [Line Items]      
Beginning balance (0.3) (0.3) (0.3)
Other comprehensive loss before reclassifications 0.0 0.0 0.0
Amounts reclassified from AOCI 0.0 0.0 0.0
Net current-period other comprehensive (loss) income 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ending balance (0.3) (0.3) (0.3)
Unrealized holding gains (losses) on junior subordinated debt      
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) [Line Items]      
Beginning balance 3.0 (0.7) (0.5)
Other comprehensive loss before reclassifications (0.2) 3.7 (1.2)
Amounts reclassified from AOCI 0.0 0.0 0.0
Net current-period other comprehensive (loss) income (0.2) 3.7 (1.2)
Ending balance 2.8 3.0 (0.7)
Impairment loss on securities      
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) [Line Items]      
Beginning balance 0.0 0.0 0.0
Other comprehensive loss before reclassifications 1.2 0.0 0.0
Amounts reclassified from AOCI 0.0 0.0 0.0
Net current-period other comprehensive (loss) income 1.2 0.0 0.0
Ending balance 1.2 0.0 0.0
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)      
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) [Line Items]      
Beginning balance (661.0) 15.7 92.3
Other comprehensive loss before reclassifications 117.9 (671.2) (70.2)
Amounts reclassified from AOCI 30.2 (5.5) (6.4)
Net current-period other comprehensive (loss) income 148.1 (676.7) 76.6
Ending balance $ (512.9) $ (661.0) $ 15.7
v3.24.0.1
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income - Schedule of Reclassifications Out of Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Detail) - USD ($)
$ in Millions
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2023
Dec. 31, 2022
Dec. 31, 2021
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) [Line Items]      
(Loss) gain on sales of AFS debt securities, net $ 40.8 $ (6.8) $ (8.3)
Total tax expense 211.2 258.8 223.8
Net income 722.4 1,057.3 899.2
Reclassification out of Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income      
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) [Line Items]      
Total tax expense 10.2 (1.9) (2.1)
Net income (30.2) 5.5 6.4
Unrealized holding gains (losses) on AFS securities | Reclassification out of Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income      
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) [Line Items]      
(Loss) gain on sales of AFS debt securities, net $ (40.4) $ 7.4 $ 8.5
v3.24.0.1
Derivatives and Hedging Activities - Additional Information (Detail) - USD ($)
$ in Millions
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2023
Dec. 31, 2022
Derivative [Line Items]    
Cumulative Fair Value Hedging Adjustment $ (6.0) $ 17.0
Collateral posted by this counterparty 216.0 11.0
Designated as Hedging Instrument    
Derivative [Line Items]    
Cumulative Fair Value Hedging Adjustment (9.0)  
Cumulative basis adjustment 19.0  
Interest income related to amortization of cumulative basis adjustment $ 11.8 $ 9.9
v3.24.0.1
Derivatives and Hedging Activities - Schedule of Derivative Assets at Fair Value (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Millions
Dec. 31, 2023
Dec. 31, 2022
Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities Disclosures [Line Items]    
Carrying Value of Hedged Assets/(Liabilities) $ 3,875.0 $ 447.0
Cumulative Fair Value Hedging Adjustment $ (6.0) $ 17.0
Hedged Asset, Statement of Financial Position [Extensible Enumeration] Loans HFI, net of deferred fees and costs  
Prepayable Fixed Rate Loans    
Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities Disclosures [Line Items]    
Carrying value of loans $ 6,700.0  
Designated as Hedging Instrument    
Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities Disclosures [Line Items]    
Cumulative Fair Value Hedging Adjustment (9.0)  
Portfolio layer method derivative instruments 3,500.0  
Cumulative basis adjustment $ 19.0  
v3.24.0.1
Derivatives and Hedging Activities - Derivative Instruments, Gain (Loss) (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Millions
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2023
Dec. 31, 2022
Dec. 31, 2021
Interest income      
Derivative Instruments, Gain (Loss) [Line Items]      
Gain/(Loss) on Swaps $ (22.8) $ 71.7 $ 44.8
Gain/(Loss) on Hedged Item 23.8 (71.6) (45.6)
Interest expense      
Derivative Instruments, Gain (Loss) [Line Items]      
Gain/(Loss) on Swaps 0.0 0.0 (2.7)
Gain/(Loss) on Hedged Item $ 0.0 $ 0.0 $ 2.7
v3.24.0.1
Derivatives and Hedging Activities - Schedule of Fair Value of the Company's Derivative Instruments (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Millions
Dec. 31, 2023
Dec. 31, 2022
Dec. 31, 2021
Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities Disclosures [Line Items]      
Derivative, Notional Amount $ 29,857 $ 19,695 $ 45,173
Derivative Asset, Fair Value, Gross Asset 260 36 38
Derivative Liability, Fair Value, Gross Liability 78 21 96
Derivative Instruments Not Designated as Hedging Instruments, Asset, at Fair Value 267 33 36
Derivative Instruments Not Designated as Hedging Instruments, Liability, at Fair Value 67 40 45
Designated as Hedging Instrument      
Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities Disclosures [Line Items]      
Derivative, Notional Amount 3,895 476 1,383
Derivative Asset, Fair Value, Gross Asset 19 18 14
Derivative Liability, Fair Value, Gross Liability 24 0 55
Not Designated as Hedging Instrument [Member]      
Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities Disclosures [Line Items]      
Derivative, Notional Amount 29,857 19,695 45,173
Derivative Instruments Not Designated as Hedging Instruments, Asset, at Fair Value 65 29 35
Derivative Instruments Not Designated as Hedging Instruments, Liability, at Fair Value 76 39 39
Notional Amount, Margin 0 0 0
Derivative Assets, Margin 202 4 1
Derivative Liabilities, Margin (9) 1 6
Interest rate contracts      
Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities Disclosures [Line Items]      
Derivative Asset, Fair Value, Gross Asset 31 18 14
Derivative Liability, Fair Value, Gross Liability 31 0 54
Interest rate contracts | Designated as Hedging Instrument      
Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities Disclosures [Line Items]      
Derivative, Notional Amount 3,895 476 1,383
Fair Value Hedge Assets 19 18 14
Fair Value Hedge Liabilities 24 0 55
Interest rate contracts | Not Designated as Hedging Instrument [Member]      
Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities Disclosures [Line Items]      
Derivative, Notional Amount 3,628 1,538 4
Derivative Instruments Not Designated as Hedging Instruments, Asset, at Fair Value 19 6 0
Derivative Instruments Not Designated as Hedging Instruments, Liability, at Fair Value 20 6 0
Foreign currency contracts      
Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities Disclosures [Line Items]      
Derivative Liability, Fair Value, Gross Liability 1 0 0
Foreign currency contracts | Not Designated as Hedging Instrument [Member]      
Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities Disclosures [Line Items]      
Derivative, Notional Amount 135 250 180
Derivative Instruments Not Designated as Hedging Instruments, Asset, at Fair Value 1 1 0
Derivative Instruments Not Designated as Hedging Instruments, Liability, at Fair Value 1 9 1
Forward purchase contracts      
Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities Disclosures [Line Items]      
Derivative Asset, Fair Value, Gross Asset 26 1 8
Derivative Liability, Fair Value, Gross Liability 0 12 18
Forward purchase contracts | Not Designated as Hedging Instrument [Member]      
Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities Disclosures [Line Items]      
Derivative, Notional Amount 5,544 2,709 11,714
Derivative Instruments Not Designated as Hedging Instruments, Asset, at Fair Value 26 1 8
Derivative Instruments Not Designated as Hedging Instruments, Liability, at Fair Value 0 13 18
Forward sales contracts      
Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities Disclosures [Line Items]      
Derivative Asset, Fair Value, Gross Asset 1 13 15
Derivative Liability, Fair Value, Gross Liability 55 8 18
Forward sales contracts | Not Designated as Hedging Instrument [Member]      
Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities Disclosures [Line Items]      
Derivative, Notional Amount 7,626 4,985 17,358
Derivative Instruments Not Designated as Hedging Instruments, Asset, at Fair Value 1 16 16
Derivative Instruments Not Designated as Hedging Instruments, Liability, at Fair Value 55 8 18
Futures purchase contracts | Not Designated as Hedging Instrument [Member]      
Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities Disclosures [Line Items]      
Derivative, Notional Amount 124 0 949
Derivative Instruments Not Designated as Hedging Instruments, Asset, at Fair Value 0 0 0
Derivative Instruments Not Designated as Hedging Instruments, Liability, at Fair Value 0 0 0
Futures sales contracts | Not Designated as Hedging Instrument [Member]      
Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities Disclosures [Line Items]      
Derivative, Notional Amount 10,906 8,706 11,935
Derivative Instruments Not Designated as Hedging Instruments, Asset, at Fair Value 0 0 0
Derivative Instruments Not Designated as Hedging Instruments, Liability, at Fair Value 0 0 0
Interest rate lock commitments | Not Designated as Hedging Instrument [Member]      
Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities Disclosures [Line Items]      
Derivative, Notional Amount 1,822 1,459 3,033
Derivative Instruments Not Designated as Hedging Instruments, Asset, at Fair Value 18 5 11
Derivative Instruments Not Designated as Hedging Instruments, Liability, at Fair Value 0 3 2
Risk participation agreements | Not Designated as Hedging Instrument [Member]      
Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities Disclosures [Line Items]      
Derivative, Notional Amount 72 48 0
Derivative Instruments Not Designated as Hedging Instruments, Asset, at Fair Value 0 0 0
Derivative Instruments Not Designated as Hedging Instruments, Liability, at Fair Value $ 0 $ 0 $ 0
v3.24.0.1
Derivatives and Hedging Activities - Fair Value After Master Netting Agreements (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Millions
Dec. 31, 2023
Dec. 31, 2022
Dec. 31, 2021
Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities Disclosures [Line Items]      
Derivative Asset, Fair Value, Gross Asset $ 260.0 $ 36.0 $ 38.0
Derivative asset, subject to master netting arrangement, after offset 193.0 19.0 10.0
Derivative asset, collateral, obligation to return cash, offset 202.0 4.0 1.0
Derivative asset, subject to master netting arrangement, liability offset (67.0) (17.0) (28.0)
Derivative liability, fair value (78.0) (21.0) (96.0)
Derivative liability, subject to master netting arrangement, after offset (11.0) (4.0) (68.0)
Derivative liability, collateral, right to reclaim cash, offset 9.0 (1.0) (6.0)
Derivative liability, subject to master netting arrangement, asset offset 67.0 17.0 28.0
Derivative asset, not subject to master netting arrangement 26.0 15.0 12.0
Derivative liability, not subject to master netting arrangement (13.0) (19.0) (4.0)
Derivative asset, fair value, gross asset including not subject to master netting arrangement 286.0 51.0 50.0
Derivative asset, fair value, offset against collateral, net of not subject to master netting arrangement 219.0 34.0 22.0
Derivative liability, fair value, gross liability including not subject to master netting arrangement (91.0) (40.0) (100.0)
Derivative liability, fair value, offset against collateral, net of not subject to master netting arrangement (24.0) (23.0) (72.0)
Forward purchase contracts      
Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities Disclosures [Line Items]      
Derivative Asset, Fair Value, Gross Asset 26.0 1.0 8.0
Derivative asset, subject to master netting arrangement, after offset 26.0 1.0 8.0
Derivative liability, fair value 0.0 (12.0) (18.0)
Derivative liability, subject to master netting arrangement, after offset 0.0 (12.0) (18.0)
Derivative liability, not subject to master netting arrangement 0.0 (1.0) 0.0
Forward sales contracts      
Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities Disclosures [Line Items]      
Derivative Asset, Fair Value, Gross Asset 1.0 13.0 15.0
Derivative asset, subject to master netting arrangement, after offset 1.0 13.0 15.0
Derivative liability, fair value (55.0) (8.0) (18.0)
Derivative liability, subject to master netting arrangement, after offset (55.0) (8.0) (18.0)
Derivative asset, not subject to master netting arrangement 0.0 3.0 1.0
Interest rate contracts      
Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities Disclosures [Line Items]      
Derivative Asset, Fair Value, Gross Asset 31.0 18.0 14.0
Derivative asset, subject to master netting arrangement, after offset 31.0 18.0 14.0
Derivative liability, fair value (31.0) 0.0 (54.0)
Derivative liability, subject to master netting arrangement, after offset (31.0) 0.0 (54.0)
Derivative asset, not subject to master netting arrangement 7.0 6.0 0.0
Derivative liability, not subject to master netting arrangement (13.0) (6.0) 0.0
Foreign currency contracts      
Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities Disclosures [Line Items]      
Derivative liability, fair value (1.0) 0.0 0.0
Derivative liability, subject to master netting arrangement, after offset (1.0) 0.0 0.0
Derivative asset, not subject to master netting arrangement 1.0 1.0 0.0
Derivative liability, not subject to master netting arrangement 0.0 (9.0) (2.0)
Interest rate lock commitments      
Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities Disclosures [Line Items]      
Derivative asset, not subject to master netting arrangement 18.0 5.0 11.0
Derivative liability, not subject to master netting arrangement $ 0.0 $ (3.0) $ (2.0)
v3.24.0.1
Derivatives and Hedging Activities - Net Gain (Loss) on Derivatives Included in Income (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Millions
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2023
Dec. 31, 2022
Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities Disclosures [Line Items]    
Total change in fair value of derivatives $ 37.0 $ 402.1
Net gain (loss) on loan origination and sale activities:    
Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities Disclosures [Line Items]    
Total change in fair value of derivatives $ 37.0 $ (402.2)
Derivative, Gain (Loss), Statement of Income or Comprehensive Income [Extensible Enumeration] Net gain on loan origination and sale activities Net loan servicing revenue (expense)
Net loan servicing revenue:    
Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities Disclosures [Line Items]    
Total change in fair value of derivatives $ 43.3 $ 153.2
Derivative, Gain (Loss), Statement of Income or Comprehensive Income [Extensible Enumeration] Net loan servicing revenue (expense) Net loan servicing revenue (expense)
Forward contracts | Net gain (loss) on loan origination and sale activities:    
Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities Disclosures [Line Items]    
Total change in fair value of derivatives $ (29.0) $ 425.6
Forward contracts | Net loan servicing revenue:    
Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities Disclosures [Line Items]    
Total change in fair value of derivatives (15.4) (62.4)
Interest rate lock commitments    
Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities Disclosures [Line Items]    
Total change in fair value of derivatives (15.9) (7.4)
Interest rate contracts | Net gain (loss) on loan origination and sale activities:    
Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities Disclosures [Line Items]    
Total change in fair value of derivatives 8.9 (8.4)
Interest rate contracts | Net loan servicing revenue:    
Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities Disclosures [Line Items]    
Total change in fair value of derivatives (32.4) (54.6)
Other contracts    
Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities Disclosures [Line Items]    
Total change in fair value of derivatives (1.0) (7.6)
Futures contracts    
Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities Disclosures [Line Items]    
Total change in fair value of derivatives $ (4.5) $ 36.2
v3.24.0.1
Earnings per Share (Details) - USD ($)
$ / shares in Units, shares in Millions, $ in Millions
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2023
Dec. 31, 2022
Dec. 31, 2021
Antidilutive Securities Excluded from Computation of Earnings Per Share [Line Items]      
Weighted average shares - basic (shares) 108.3 107.2 102.7
Dilutive effect of stock award (shares) 0.2 0.4 0.6
Weighted average shares - diluted (shares) 108.5 107.6 103.3
Net income available to common stockholders $ 709.6 $ 1,044.5 $ 895.7
Earnings per share:      
Basic (dollars per share) $ 6.55 $ 9.74 $ 8.72
Diluted (dollars per share) $ 6.54 $ 9.70 $ 8.67
v3.24.0.1
Income Taxes - Provision for Income Tax (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Millions
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2023
Dec. 31, 2022
Dec. 31, 2021
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]      
Current $ 236.1 $ 327.4 $ 181.8
Deferred (24.9) (68.6) 42.0
Total tax expense $ 211.2 $ 258.8 $ 223.8
v3.24.0.1
Income Taxes - Reconciliation Between Statutory Federal Income Tax and Company's Effective Tax Rate (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Millions
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2023
Dec. 31, 2022
Dec. 31, 2021
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]      
Income tax at statutory rate $ 196.1 $ 276.4 $ 235.8
State income taxes, net of federal benefits 35.0 45.4 35.8
Non-deductible insurance premiums 24.1 5.2 3.5
Tax-exempt income (28.3) (26.0) (25.6)
Investment tax credits (13.2) (32.1) (15.9)
Other, net (2.5) (10.1) (9.8)
Total tax expense $ 211.2 $ 258.8 $ 223.8
Effective tax rate 22.60% 19.70% 19.90%
v3.24.0.1
Income Taxes - Cumulative Tax Effects of Temporary Differences (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Millions
Dec. 31, 2023
Dec. 31, 2022
Deferred tax assets:    
Unrealized loss on AFS securities $ 170 $ 221
Allowance for credit losses 96 93
Lease liability 46 47
Research and experimentation costs 32 1
FDIC special assessment 17 0
Accrued expenses 7 21
Tax credit carryovers 5 24
Passthrough income 6 19
Premises and equipment 0 13
Other 40 44
Total gross deferred tax assets 419 483
Deferred tax asset valuation allowance 0 0
Total deferred tax assets 419 483
Deferred tax liabilities:    
Mortgage servicing rights (11) (56)
Right of use asset (37) (41)
Premises and equipment (19) 0
Unearned premiums (15) (6)
Deferred loan costs (11) (16)
Leasing basis differences (11) (13)
Goodwill (9) (5)
Deferred REIT dividend 0 (11)
Other (19) (24)
Total deferred tax liabilities (132) (172)
Deferred tax assets, net $ 287 $ 311
v3.24.0.1
Income Taxes - Additional Information (Detail) - USD ($)
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2023
Dec. 31, 2022
Dec. 31, 2021
Operating Loss Carryforwards [Line Items]      
Recognized net deferred tax asset $ 287,000,000 $ 311,000,000  
Increase in net DTA (24,000,000)    
Deferred tax valuation allowance 0 0  
Unrecognized tax benefits, net 6,900,000 5,300,000  
Interest and penalties 0 0 $ 0
Interest and penalties accrued 0 0  
Investments in LIHTC and renewable energy 573,000,000 624,000,000  
Investment-related liabilities 322,000,000 398,000,000  
Amortization of tax credit investments 64,300,000 $ 63,200,000 $ 49,500,000
IRS      
Operating Loss Carryforwards [Line Items]      
NOL carryovers 38,000,000    
DTA, NOL carryforwards 4,000,000    
State and Local Jurisdiction      
Operating Loss Carryforwards [Line Items]      
NOL carryovers 79,000,000    
DTA, NOL carryforwards $ 3,000,000    
v3.24.0.1
Income Taxes Gross Activity of Unrecognized Tax Benefits Related to Uncertain Tax Positions (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Millions
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2023
Dec. 31, 2022
Reconciliation of Unrecognized Tax Benefits, Excluding Amounts Pertaining to Examined Tax Returns [Roll Forward]    
Beginning balance $ 6.6 $ 6.4
Tax positions in prior periods 0.4 0.0
Current period tax positions 0.9 0.8
Tax positions in prior periods 0.0 (0.6)
Ending balance $ 7.9 $ 6.6
v3.24.0.1
Commitments and Contingencies - Additional Information (Detail) - USD ($)
$ in Millions
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2023
Dec. 31, 2022
Dec. 31, 2021
Loss Contingencies [Line Items]      
Letters of credit expiration period 1 year    
Loss contingency for unfunded loan commitments and letters of credit $ 31.6 $ 47.0 $ 37.6
Other conditional commitments $ 32.0 $ 117.0  
Percentage of CRE loans occupied by owners 16.00% 16.00%  
Commercial Real Estate Portfolio Segment | Loans Receivable | Credit Concentration Risk      
Loss Contingencies [Line Items]      
Percent of commercial real estate related loans 33.00% 29.00%  
Commercial and industrial | Loans Receivable | Credit Concentration Risk      
Loss Contingencies [Line Items]      
Percent of commercial real estate related loans 38.00% 40.00%  
Unfunded Loan Commitment      
Loss Contingencies [Line Items]      
Loss contingency for unfunded loan commitments and letters of credit $ 32.0 $ 47.0  
v3.24.0.1
Commitments and Contingencies - Summary of Contractual Amounts for Unfunded Commitments and Letters of Credit (Detail) - USD ($)
$ in Millions
Dec. 31, 2023
Dec. 31, 2022
Other Commitments [Line Items]    
Total amount $ 13,931 $ 19,318
Commitments to extend credit    
Other Commitments [Line Items]    
Total amount 13,291 18,674
Unsecured loan commitments 989 1,209
Credit card commitments and financial guarantees    
Other Commitments [Line Items]    
Total amount 418 379
Letters of credit    
Other Commitments [Line Items]    
Total amount 222 265
Unsecured letters of credit $ 4 $ 7
v3.24.0.1
Commitments and Contingencies - Contractual Commitments for Lines and Letters of Credit by Maturity (Detail) - USD ($)
$ in Millions
Dec. 31, 2023
Dec. 31, 2022
Loss Contingencies [Line Items]    
Total Amounts Committed $ 13,931 $ 19,318
Less Than 1 Year 4,444  
1-3 Years 5,643  
3-5 Years 2,245  
After 5 Years 1,599  
Commitments to extend credit    
Loss Contingencies [Line Items]    
Total Amounts Committed 13,291 18,674
Less Than 1 Year 3,860  
1-3 Years 5,637  
3-5 Years 2,195  
After 5 Years 1,599  
Credit card commitments and financial guarantees    
Loss Contingencies [Line Items]    
Total Amounts Committed 418 379
Less Than 1 Year 418  
1-3 Years 0  
3-5 Years 0  
After 5 Years 0  
Letters of credit    
Loss Contingencies [Line Items]    
Total Amounts Committed 222 $ 265
Less Than 1 Year 166  
1-3 Years 6  
3-5 Years 50  
After 5 Years $ 0  
v3.24.0.1
Fair Value Accounting - Additional Information (Detail)
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2023
USD ($)
Dec. 31, 2022
USD ($)
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]    
Impaired loans with an allowance recorded $ (10,000,000) $ 7,000,000
Other borrowings 7,230,000,000 6,299,000,000
Commitments and contingencies
Junior Subordinated Debt    
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]    
Debt Instrument, measurement input 0.0892 0.0813
Percentage of LIBOR 5.33% 4.77%
Basis spread 3.59% 3.36%
Fair Value, Nonrecurring    
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]    
Loans HFI $ 379,000,000 $ 295,000,000
Other assets acquired through foreclosure 8,000,000 11,000,000
Fair Value, Nonrecurring | Estimate of Fair Value Measurement    
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]    
Other borrowings 7,192,000,000 6,261,000,000
Fair Value, Nonrecurring | Estimate of Fair Value Measurement | Letter of Credit    
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]    
Commitments and contingencies 0 0
Fair Value, Nonrecurring | Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)    
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]    
Loans HFI 379,000,000 295,000,000
Other assets acquired through foreclosure 8,000,000 11,000,000
Fair Value, Nonrecurring | Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3) | Estimate of Fair Value Measurement    
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]    
Other borrowings $ 0 $ 0
v3.24.0.1
Fair Value Accounting - Gains and Losses from Fair Value Changes Included in Consolidated Statement of Operations (Detail) - USD ($)
$ in Millions
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2023
Dec. 31, 2022
Dec. 31, 2021
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]      
Unrealized (loss) gain on junior subordinated debt, net of tax effect of $0.1, $(1.2), and $0.3, respectively $ (0.2) $ 3.7 $ (1.2)
Junior Subordinated Debt      
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]      
Unrealized (losses) gains $ (0.3) $ 4.9 $ (1.5)
v3.24.0.1
Fair Value Accounting - Fair Value of Assets and Liabilities (Detail) - USD ($)
$ in Millions
Dec. 31, 2023
Dec. 31, 2022
Dec. 31, 2021
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]      
Total AFS debt securities $ 11,165 $ 7,092  
Investment securities - equity 126 160  
Loans serviced 1,124 1,148 $ 698
Junior subordinated debt 63 $ 63  
Derivative Liability, Statement of Financial Position [Extensible Enumeration]   Other liabilities  
Cumulative Fair Value Hedging Adjustment (6) $ 17  
CLO      
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]      
Total AFS debt securities 1,399 2,706  
Commercial MBS issued by GSEs      
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]      
Total AFS debt securities 530 97  
Corporate debt securities      
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]      
Total AFS debt securities 367 390  
Private label residential MBS      
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]      
Total AFS debt securities 1,117 1,199  
Residential MBS issued by GSEs      
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]      
Total AFS debt securities 1,972 1,740  
Tax-exempt      
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]      
Total AFS debt securities 858 891  
U.S. Treasury securities      
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]      
Total AFS debt securities 4,853    
Other      
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]      
Total AFS debt securities 69 69  
Common Stock, $0.0001 Par Value      
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]      
Investment securities - equity   3  
CRA investments      
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]      
Investment securities - equity 26 49  
Preferred Stock      
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]      
Investment securities - equity 100 108  
Fair Value, Recurring      
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]      
Total AFS debt securities 11,165 7,092  
Investment securities - equity 126 160  
Loans HFS 1,380 1,173  
Loans serviced 1,124 1,148  
Derivative assets 84 47  
Derivative liabilities 100 39  
Fair Value, Recurring | CRA investments      
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]      
Investment securities - equity 26 49  
Fair Value, Recurring | Preferred Stock      
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]      
Investment securities - equity 100 108  
Fair Value, Recurring | CLO      
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]      
Total AFS debt securities 1,399 2,706  
Fair Value, Recurring | Commercial MBS issued by GSEs      
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]      
Total AFS debt securities 530 97  
Fair Value, Recurring | Corporate debt securities      
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]      
Total AFS debt securities 367 390  
Fair Value, Recurring | Private label residential MBS      
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]      
Total AFS debt securities 1,117 1,199  
Fair Value, Recurring | Residential MBS issued by GSEs      
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]      
Total AFS debt securities 1,972 1,740  
Fair Value, Recurring | Tax-exempt      
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]      
Total AFS debt securities 858 891  
Fair Value, Recurring | U.S. Treasury securities      
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]      
Total AFS debt securities 4,853    
Fair Value, Recurring | Other      
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]      
Total AFS debt securities 69 69  
Fair Value, Recurring | Common Stock, $0.0001 Par Value      
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]      
Investment securities - equity   3  
Fair Value, Recurring | Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1)      
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]      
Total AFS debt securities 4,881 24  
Investment securities - equity 126 135  
Loans HFS 0 0  
Loans serviced 0 0  
Derivative assets 0 0  
Junior subordinated debt 0 0  
Derivative liabilities 0 0  
Margin, asset 202 4  
Margin, liability (9) 1  
Fair Value, Recurring | Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1) | CRA investments      
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]      
Investment securities - equity 26 24  
Fair Value, Recurring | Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1) | Preferred Stock      
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]      
Investment securities - equity 100 108  
Fair Value, Recurring | Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1) | CLO      
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]      
Total AFS debt securities 0 0  
Fair Value, Recurring | Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1) | Commercial MBS issued by GSEs      
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]      
Total AFS debt securities 0 0  
Fair Value, Recurring | Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1) | Corporate debt securities      
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]      
Total AFS debt securities 0 0  
Fair Value, Recurring | Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1) | Private label residential MBS      
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]      
Total AFS debt securities 0 0  
Fair Value, Recurring | Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1) | Residential MBS issued by GSEs      
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]      
Total AFS debt securities 0 0  
Fair Value, Recurring | Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1) | Tax-exempt      
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]      
Total AFS debt securities 0 0  
Fair Value, Recurring | Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1) | U.S. Treasury securities      
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]      
Total AFS debt securities 4,853    
Fair Value, Recurring | Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1) | Other      
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]      
Total AFS debt securities 28 24  
Fair Value, Recurring | Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1) | Common Stock, $0.0001 Par Value      
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]      
Investment securities - equity   3  
Fair Value, Recurring | Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)      
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]      
Total AFS debt securities 6,284 7,068  
Investment securities - equity 0 25  
Loans HFS 1,377 1,172  
Loans serviced 0 0  
Derivative assets 66 42  
Junior subordinated debt 0 0  
Derivative liabilities 100 36  
Fair Value, Recurring | Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2) | CRA investments      
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]      
Investment securities - equity 0 25  
Fair Value, Recurring | Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2) | Preferred Stock      
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]      
Investment securities - equity 0 0  
Fair Value, Recurring | Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2) | CLO      
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]      
Total AFS debt securities 1,399 2,706  
Fair Value, Recurring | Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2) | Commercial MBS issued by GSEs      
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]      
Total AFS debt securities 530 97  
Fair Value, Recurring | Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2) | Corporate debt securities      
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]      
Total AFS debt securities 367 390  
Fair Value, Recurring | Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2) | Private label residential MBS      
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]      
Total AFS debt securities 1,117 1,199  
Fair Value, Recurring | Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2) | Residential MBS issued by GSEs      
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]      
Total AFS debt securities 1,972 1,740  
Fair Value, Recurring | Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2) | Tax-exempt      
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]      
Total AFS debt securities 858 891  
Fair Value, Recurring | Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2) | U.S. Treasury securities      
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]      
Total AFS debt securities 0    
Fair Value, Recurring | Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2) | Other      
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]      
Total AFS debt securities 41 45  
Fair Value, Recurring | Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2) | Common Stock, $0.0001 Par Value      
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]      
Investment securities - equity   0  
Fair Value, Recurring | Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)      
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]      
Total AFS debt securities 0 0  
Investment securities - equity 0 0  
Loans HFS 3 1  
Loans serviced 1,124 1,148  
Derivative assets 18 5  
Junior subordinated debt 63 63  
Derivative liabilities 0 3  
Fair Value, Recurring | Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3) | CRA investments      
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]      
Investment securities - equity 0 0  
Fair Value, Recurring | Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3) | Preferred Stock      
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]      
Investment securities - equity 0 0  
Fair Value, Recurring | Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3) | CLO      
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]      
Total AFS debt securities 0 0  
Fair Value, Recurring | Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3) | Commercial MBS issued by GSEs      
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]      
Total AFS debt securities 0 0  
Fair Value, Recurring | Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3) | Corporate debt securities      
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]      
Total AFS debt securities 0 0  
Fair Value, Recurring | Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3) | Private label residential MBS      
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]      
Total AFS debt securities 0 0  
Fair Value, Recurring | Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3) | Residential MBS issued by GSEs      
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]      
Total AFS debt securities 0 0  
Fair Value, Recurring | Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3) | Tax-exempt      
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]      
Total AFS debt securities 0 0  
Fair Value, Recurring | Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3) | U.S. Treasury securities      
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]      
Total AFS debt securities 0    
Fair Value, Recurring | Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3) | Other      
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]      
Total AFS debt securities $ 0 0  
Fair Value, Recurring | Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3) | Common Stock, $0.0001 Par Value      
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]      
Investment securities - equity   $ 0  
v3.24.0.1
Fair Value Accounting - Change in Level 3 Liabilities Measured at Fair Value on Recurring Basis (Detail)
$ in Millions
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2023
USD ($)
Dec. 31, 2022
USD ($)
Dec. 31, 2021
USD ($)
Fair Value, Liabilities Measured on Recurring Basis, Unobservable Input Reconciliation, Calculation [Roll Forward]      
Change in unrealized gain (loss) on junior subordinated debt, net of tax $ (0.2) $ 3.7 $ (1.2)
Qualifying debt 63.0 63.0  
Fair Value, Recurring | Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)      
Fair Value, Liabilities Measured on Recurring Basis, Unobservable Input Reconciliation, Calculation [Roll Forward]      
Qualifying debt 63.0 63.0  
Junior Subordinated Debt      
Fair Value, Liabilities Measured on Recurring Basis, Unobservable Input Reconciliation, Calculation [Roll Forward]      
Change in fair value $ 0.3 $ (4.9) 1.5
Debt Instrument, measurement input 0.0892 0.0813  
Junior Subordinated Debt | Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)      
Fair Value, Liabilities Measured on Recurring Basis, Unobservable Input Reconciliation, Calculation [Roll Forward]      
Qualifying debt $ 63.0 $ 63.0  
Junior Subordinated Debt | Fair Value, Recurring      
Fair Value, Liabilities Measured on Recurring Basis, Unobservable Input Reconciliation, Calculation [Roll Forward]      
Beginning balance 62.5 67.4 (65.9)
Ending balance $ 62.8 $ 62.5 $ 67.4
v3.24.0.1
Fair Value Accounting - Change in Level 3 Assets Unobservable Inputs (Detail) - USD ($)
$ in Millions
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2023
Dec. 31, 2022
Fair Value, Assets Measured on Recurring Basis, Unobservable Input Reconciliation, Calculation [Roll Forward]    
Mark to market adjustments $ 4 $ 0
Servicing Contracts    
Fair Value, Assets Measured on Recurring Basis, Unobservable Input Reconciliation, Calculation [Roll Forward]    
Balance, beginning of period 1,148 698
Purchases and additions 865 720
Sales and payments (800) (350)
Change in fair value 11 192
Mark to market adjustments 4 0
Realization of cash flows (104) (112)
Balance, end of period 1,124 1,148
Changes in unrealized gains (losses) for the period 19 135
Interest rate lock commitments    
Fair Value, Assets Measured on Recurring Basis, Unobservable Input Reconciliation, Calculation [Roll Forward]    
Balance, beginning of period 2 9
Purchases and additions 15,434 19,513
Settlement of IRLCs upon acquisition or origination of loans HFS (15,420) (19,481)
Change in fair value 2 (39)
Balance, end of period 18 2
Changes in unrealized gains (losses) for the period $ (18) $ 2
v3.24.0.1
Fair Value Accounting - Unobservable Inputs (Details)
Dec. 31, 2023
Dec. 31, 2022
Minimum | Option adjusted spread (in basis points)    
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]    
MSRs, measurement input 29 190
Minimum | Conditional Prepayment Rate    
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]    
MSRs, measurement input 0.095 0.085
Minimum | Recapture rate    
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]    
MSRs, measurement input 0.200 0.200
Minimum | Servicing fee rate (in basis points)    
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]    
MSRs, measurement input 25.0 25.0
Minimum | Cost to service    
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]    
MSRs, measurement input 93 87
Minimum | Servicing fee multiple    
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]    
IRLCs, measurement input 3.2 2.9
Minimum | Pull-through rate    
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]    
IRLCs, measurement input 0.68 0.69
Minimum | Third party appraisal | Loans and Finance Receivables [Member] | Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3) | Fair Value, Nonrecurring | Valuation Technique, Collateral Method    
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]    
Loans HFI, measurement input 6.00% 6.00%
Minimum | Third party appraisal | Other Assets [Member] | Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3) | Fair Value, Nonrecurring | Valuation Technique, Collateral Method    
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]    
Other assets acquired through foreclosure, measurement input 4.00% 4.00%
Minimum | Discount rate | Loans and Finance Receivables [Member] | Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3) | Fair Value, Nonrecurring | Valuation Technique, Discounted Cash Flow    
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]    
Loans HFI, measurement input 3.00% 3.00%
Minimum | Scheduled cash collections | Loans and Finance Receivables [Member] | Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3) | Fair Value, Nonrecurring | Valuation Technique, Discounted Cash Flow    
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]    
Loans HFI, measurement input 0.00% 0.00%
Minimum | Proceeds from non-real estate collateral | Loans and Finance Receivables [Member] | Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3) | Fair Value, Nonrecurring | Valuation Technique, Discounted Cash Flow    
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]    
Loans HFI, measurement input 0.00% 0.00%
Maximum | Option adjusted spread (in basis points)    
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]    
MSRs, measurement input 253 621
Maximum | Conditional Prepayment Rate    
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]    
MSRs, measurement input 0.239 0.185
Maximum | Recapture rate    
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]    
MSRs, measurement input 0.200 0.200
Maximum | Servicing fee rate (in basis points)    
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]    
MSRs, measurement input 56.5 56.5
Maximum | Cost to service    
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]    
MSRs, measurement input 100 94
Maximum | Servicing fee multiple    
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]    
IRLCs, measurement input 5.4 5.5
Maximum | Pull-through rate    
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]    
IRLCs, measurement input 1 1
Maximum | Third party appraisal | Loans and Finance Receivables [Member] | Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3) | Fair Value, Nonrecurring | Valuation Technique, Collateral Method    
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]    
Loans HFI, measurement input 10.00% 10.00%
Maximum | Third party appraisal | Other Assets [Member] | Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3) | Fair Value, Nonrecurring | Valuation Technique, Collateral Method    
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]    
Other assets acquired through foreclosure, measurement input 10.00% 10.00%
Maximum | Discount rate | Loans and Finance Receivables [Member] | Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3) | Fair Value, Nonrecurring | Valuation Technique, Discounted Cash Flow    
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]    
Loans HFI, measurement input 8.00% 8.00%
Maximum | Scheduled cash collections | Loans and Finance Receivables [Member] | Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3) | Fair Value, Nonrecurring | Valuation Technique, Discounted Cash Flow    
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]    
Loans HFI, measurement input 20.00% 20.00%
Maximum | Proceeds from non-real estate collateral | Loans and Finance Receivables [Member] | Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3) | Fair Value, Nonrecurring | Valuation Technique, Discounted Cash Flow    
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]    
Loans HFI, measurement input 70.00% 70.00%
Weighted Average | Option adjusted spread (in basis points)    
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]    
MSRs, measurement input 213 378
Weighted Average | Conditional Prepayment Rate    
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]    
MSRs, measurement input 17.4 13.4
Weighted Average | Recapture rate    
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]    
MSRs, measurement input 0.200 20
Weighted Average | Servicing fee rate (in basis points)    
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]    
MSRs, measurement input 35.6 33.2
Weighted Average | Cost to service    
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]    
MSRs, measurement input 95 90
Weighted Average | Servicing fee multiple    
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]    
IRLCs, measurement input 4.3 4.3
Weighted Average | Pull-through rate    
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]    
IRLCs, measurement input 0.89 89
v3.24.0.1
Fair Value Accounting - Aggregate Difference Between Fair Value and UPB for Fair Value Option Loans (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Millions
Dec. 31, 2023
Dec. 31, 2022
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]    
Fair Value, option, loans held as assets, current through 89 days $ 1,379 $ 1,172
UPB, option, loans held as assets, current through 89 days 1,319 1,138
Fair value, option, loans held as assets, current through 89 days, aggregate difference 60 34
Fair Value, 90 days or more delinquent 1 1
UPB, op days or more delinquent 2 1
Aggregated difference, 90 days or more delinquent (1) 0
Loans held-for-sale, fair value 1,380 1,173
Fair value option, aggregate difference 59 34
Fair Value, Recurring    
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]    
Financing receivable, UPB $ 1,321 $ 1,139
v3.24.0.1
Fair Value Accounting - Assets Measured at Fair Value on Nonrecurring Basis (Detail) - Fair Value, Nonrecurring - USD ($)
$ in Millions
Dec. 31, 2023
Dec. 31, 2022
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]    
Loans HFI $ 379 $ 295
Other assets acquired through foreclosure 8 11
Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1)    
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]    
Loans HFI 0 0
Other assets acquired through foreclosure 0 0
Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)    
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]    
Loans HFI 0 0
Other assets acquired through foreclosure 0 0
Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)    
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]    
Loans HFI 379 295
Other assets acquired through foreclosure $ 8 $ 11
v3.24.0.1
Fair Value Accounting - Estimated Fair Value of Financial Instruments (Detail) - USD ($)
$ in Millions
Dec. 31, 2023
Dec. 31, 2022
Financial assets    
HTM $ 1,429 $ 1,289
AFS 11,165 7,092
Investment securities - equity 126 $ 160
Derivative Asset, Statement of Financial Position [Extensible Enumeration]   Other assets
Loans HFS 1,402 $ 1,184
Net loans HFI 49,960 51,552
Mortgage servicing rights 1,124 1,148
Accrued interest receivable 5 4
Financial liabilities    
Total deposits 55,333 53,644
Other borrowings 7,230 6,299
Qualifying debt 63 63
Fair Value, Nonrecurring | Carrying Amount    
Financial assets    
HTM 1,429 1,289
Net loans HFI 49,960 51,552
Financial liabilities    
Total deposits 55,333 53,644
Other borrowings 7,230 6,299
Qualifying debt 895 893
Fair Value, Nonrecurring | Estimate of Fair Value Measurement    
Financial assets    
HTM 1,251 1,112
Net loans HFI 46,877 47,679
Financial liabilities    
Total deposits 55,379 53,698
Other borrowings 7,192 6,261
Qualifying debt 810 810
Fair Value, Nonrecurring | Estimate of Fair Value Measurement | Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1)    
Financial assets    
HTM 0 0
Net loans HFI 0 0
Financial liabilities    
Total deposits 0 0
Other borrowings 0 0
Qualifying debt 0 0
Fair Value, Nonrecurring | Estimate of Fair Value Measurement | Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)    
Financial assets    
HTM 1,251 1,112
Net loans HFI 0 0
Financial liabilities    
Total deposits 55,379 53,698
Other borrowings 7,192 6,261
Qualifying debt 734 735
Fair Value, Nonrecurring | Estimate of Fair Value Measurement | Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)    
Financial assets    
HTM 0 0
Net loans HFI 46,877 47,679
Financial liabilities    
Total deposits 0 0
Other borrowings 0 0
Qualifying debt 76 75
Fair Value, Recurring    
Financial assets    
AFS 11,165 7,092
Investment securities - equity 126 160
Derivative assets 84 47
Financial liabilities    
Derivative liabilities 100 39
Fair Value, Recurring | Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1)    
Financial assets    
AFS 4,881 24
Investment securities - equity 126 135
Derivative assets 0 0
Financial liabilities    
Qualifying debt 0 0
Derivative liabilities 0 0
Fair Value, Recurring | Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)    
Financial assets    
AFS 6,284 7,068
Investment securities - equity 0 25
Derivative assets 66 42
Financial liabilities    
Qualifying debt 0 0
Derivative liabilities 100 36
Fair Value, Recurring | Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)    
Financial assets    
AFS 0 0
Investment securities - equity 0 0
Derivative assets 18 5
Financial liabilities    
Qualifying debt 63 63
Derivative liabilities 0 3
Fair Value, Recurring | Carrying Amount    
Financial assets    
AFS 11,165 7,092
Investment securities - equity 126 160
Derivative assets 84 51
Loans HFS 1,402 1,184
Mortgage servicing rights 1,124 1,148
Accrued interest receivable 370 357
Financial liabilities    
Derivative liabilities 100 40
Accrued interest payable 151 35
Fair Value, Recurring | Estimate of Fair Value Measurement    
Financial assets    
AFS 11,165 7,092
Investment securities - equity 126 160
Derivative assets 84 47
Loans HFS 1,402 1,173
Mortgage servicing rights 1,124 1,148
Accrued interest receivable 370 357
Financial liabilities    
Derivative liabilities 100 39
Accrued interest payable 151 35
Fair Value, Recurring | Estimate of Fair Value Measurement | Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1)    
Financial assets    
AFS 4,881 24
Investment securities - equity 126 135
Derivative assets 0 0
Loans HFS 0 0
Mortgage servicing rights 0 0
Accrued interest receivable 0 0
Financial liabilities    
Derivative liabilities 0 0
Accrued interest payable 0 0
Fair Value, Recurring | Estimate of Fair Value Measurement | Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)    
Financial assets    
AFS 6,284 7,068
Investment securities - equity 0 25
Derivative assets 66 42
Loans HFS 1,379 1,172
Mortgage servicing rights 0 0
Accrued interest receivable 370 357
Financial liabilities    
Derivative liabilities 100 36
Accrued interest payable 151 35
Fair Value, Recurring | Estimate of Fair Value Measurement | Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)    
Financial assets    
AFS 0 0
Investment securities - equity 0 0
Derivative assets 18 5
Loans HFS 23 1
Mortgage servicing rights 1,124 1,148
Accrued interest receivable 0 0
Financial liabilities    
Derivative liabilities 0 3
Accrued interest payable $ 0 $ 0
v3.24.0.1
Regulatory Capital Requirements - Summary of Actual Capital Amount and Ratio (Detail)
Dec. 31, 2023
USD ($)
Dec. 31, 2022
USD ($)
Compliance with Regulatory Capital Requirements under Banking Regulations [Line Items]    
Well-capitalized ratios 0.100 0.100
Minimum capital ratios 0.080 0.080
Well-capitalized ratios 0.080 0.080
Minimum capital ratios 0.060 0.060
Well-capitalized ratios 0.050 0.050
Well-capitalized ratios $ 0.065 $ 0.065
Minimum capital ratios 0.040 0.040
Minimum capital ratios $ 0.045 $ 0.045
WAL    
Compliance with Regulatory Capital Requirements under Banking Regulations [Line Items]    
Total Capital 7,201,000,000 6,586,000,000
Tier 1 Capital 6,035,000,000 5,449,000,000
Risk-Weighted Assets 52,517,000,000 54,461,000,000
Tangible Average Assets $ 70,295,000,000 $ 69,814,000,000
Total Capital Ratio 0.137 0.121
Tier 1 Capital Ratio 0.115 0.100
Tier 1 Leverage Ratio 0.086 0.078
Common Equity Tier 1 0.108 0.093
WAB    
Compliance with Regulatory Capital Requirements under Banking Regulations [Line Items]    
Total Capital $ 6,802,000,000 $ 6,280,000,000
Tier 1 Capital 6,229,000,000 5,737,000,000
Risk-Weighted Assets 52,508,000,000 54,411,000,000
Tangible Average Assets $ 70,347,000,000 $ 69,762,000,000
Total Capital Ratio 0.130 0.115
Tier 1 Capital Ratio 0.119 0.105
Tier 1 Leverage Ratio 0.089 0.082
Common Equity Tier 1 0.119 0.105
v3.24.0.1
Employee Benefit Plans (Details) - USD ($)
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2023
Dec. 31, 2022
Dec. 31, 2021
Defined Contribution Plan Disclosure [Line Items]      
Deferred compensation 5.00%    
Age of plan participants 50 years    
Employer matching contribution percentage 100.00%    
Employer contributions $ 17,700,000 $ 15,900,000 $ 12,000,000
Projected benefit obligation 14,000,000 14,000,000  
Net periodic benefit cost 1,000,000 $ 1,000,000 $ 1,100,000
Qualified 401(k) Employee Benefit Plan, Participants Under 50      
Defined Contribution Plan Disclosure [Line Items]      
Maximum compensation deferral 22,500    
Qualified 401(k) Employee Benefit Plan, Participants Over 50      
Defined Contribution Plan Disclosure [Line Items]      
Maximum compensation deferral $ 30,000    
Minimum      
Defined Contribution Plan Disclosure [Line Items]      
Deferred compensation 1.00%    
Maximum      
Defined Contribution Plan Disclosure [Line Items]      
Deferred compensation 75.00%    
v3.24.0.1
Related Party Transactions (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Millions
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2023
Dec. 31, 2022
Dec. 31, 2021
Loans and Leases Receivable, Related Parties [Roll Forward]      
Balance, beginning $ 172.0 $ 0.0  
New loans 0.0 231.0  
Advances 457.0 2,144.0  
Repayments and other (629.0) (2,203.0)  
Balance, ending 0.0 172.0 $ 0.0
Net loans HFI 49,960.0 51,552.0  
Total deposits 55,333.0 53,644.0  
Deposits 1,142.6 276.4 47.5
Earnings credits or referral fees 17,800.0 12,900.0  
Credit linked notes, net 446.0 992.0  
Loan servicing fees 233.7 194.5  
Loans serviced by related party 0.0 2,100.0 0.0
Other expense 86.9 80.8 54.3
Related Party      
Loans and Leases Receivable, Related Parties [Roll Forward]      
Interest income 1.6 2.5 0.1
Loan purchases 27.0 914.0 0.0
Total deposits 62.0 398.0  
Deposits 1.1 0.2 0.2
Earnings credits 2.6 1.9 0.0
Credit linked notes, net 0.0 1.0  
Loan servicing fees 0.6 1.5 0.0
Other expense 1.0 1.0 $ 1.0
Related Party | Unfunded Loan Commitment      
Loans and Leases Receivable, Related Parties [Roll Forward]      
Net loans HFI $ 2.0 $ 476.0  
v3.24.0.1
Parent Company Financial Information - Parent Company Balance Sheet (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Millions
Dec. 31, 2023
Dec. 31, 2022
Dec. 31, 2021
Dec. 31, 2020
Condensed Financial Statements, Captions [Line Items]        
Investment securities - equity $ 126.0 $ 160.0    
Other assets 1,608.0 1,811.0    
Total assets 70,862.0 67,734.0    
Qualifying debt 895.0 893.0    
Total liabilities 64,784.0 62,378.0    
Total stockholders’ equity 6,078.4 5,356.0 $ 4,962.6 $ 3,413.5
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity 70,862.0 67,734.0    
WAL        
Condensed Financial Statements, Captions [Line Items]        
Cash and cash equivalents 140.3 85.3 $ 79.0 $ 55.5
Investment securities - equity 31.0 34.0    
Investment in subsidiaries 6,513.0 5,862.0    
Other assets 71.0 66.0    
Total assets 6,755.0 6,047.0    
Qualifying debt 671.0 669.0    
Accrued interest and other liabilities 6.0 22.0    
Total liabilities 677.0 691.0    
Total stockholders’ equity 6,078.0 5,356.0    
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity $ 6,755.0 $ 6,047.0    
v3.24.0.1
Parent Company Financial Information - Parent Company Condensed Income Statement (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Millions
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2023
Dec. 31, 2022
Dec. 31, 2021
Condensed Financial Statements, Captions [Line Items]      
Non-interest income (loss) $ (280.7) $ (324.6) $ (404.2)
Interest expense 1,696.4 475.5 109.9
Non-interest expense 1,623.4 1,156.7 851.4
Income tax benefit (211.2) (258.8) (223.8)
Net income 722.4 1,057.3 899.2
Dividends on preferred stock 12.8 12.8 3.5
Net income available to common stockholders 709.6 1,044.5 895.7
WAL      
Condensed Financial Statements, Captions [Line Items]      
Dividends from subsidiaries 330.0 261.8 50.0
Interest income 2.9 3.8 3.2
Non-interest income (loss) 1.5 0.9 (13.4)
Total income 334.4 264.7 66.6
Interest expense 25.4 22.6 19.5
Non-interest expense 29.3 26.5 31.9
Total expense 54.7 49.1 51.4
Income before income taxes and equity in undistributed earnings of subsidiaries 279.7 215.6 15.2
Income tax benefit 10.3 11.0 7.4
Income before equity in undistributed earnings of subsidiaries 290.0 226.6 22.6
Equity in undistributed earnings of subsidiaries 432.4 830.7 876.6
Net income $ 722.4 $ 1,057.3 $ 899.2
v3.24.0.1
Parent Company Financial Information - Parent Company Cash Flows (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Millions
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2023
Dec. 31, 2022
Dec. 31, 2021
Dec. 31, 2020
Condensed Financial Statements, Captions [Line Items]        
Cash dividends paid on common stock and preferred stock $ 171.5 $ 166.2 $ 127.6  
Net income 722.4 1,057.3 899.2  
(Gain) loss on extinguishment of debt 52.7 0.0 (5.9)  
Other operating activities, net (1.1) 2.2 (15.1)  
Net cash provided by operating activities (328.6) 2,245.3 (2,654.0)  
Net cash used in investing activities (2,159.1) (13,130.1) (14,711.9)  
Proceeds from issuance of common stock, net 0.1 157.7 540.3  
Net cash provided by financing activities 3,020.4 11,411.8 15,210.6  
Net increase in cash and cash equivalents 532.7 527.0 (2,155.3)  
WAL        
Condensed Financial Statements, Captions [Line Items]        
Cash dividends paid on common stock and preferred stock 171.5 166.2 127.6  
Proceeds from issuance of preferred stock, net 0.0 0.0 294.5  
Net income 722.4 1,057.3 899.2  
Equity in net undistributed earnings of subsidiaries (432.4) (830.7) (876.6)  
Change in fair value of assets and liabilities measured at fair value (3.4) 8.7 (0.1)  
(Gain) loss on extinguishment of debt 0.0 0.0 5.9  
Other operating activities, net (1.8) (16.8) (1.4)  
Net cash provided by operating activities 284.8 218.5 27.0  
Purchases of securities (153.9) (0.4) (16.0)  
Principal pay downs, calls, maturities, and sales proceeds of securities 155.5 1.8 28.6  
Capital contributions to subsidiaries (50.0) (193.0) (1,139.3)  
Other investing activities, net (10.0) (12.1) 0.0  
Net cash used in investing activities (58.4) (203.7) (1,126.7)  
Net proceeds from issuance of long-term debt 0.0 0.0 591.9  
Redemption of subordinated debt 0.0 0.0 (176.0)  
Proceeds from issuance of common stock, net 0.1 157.7 540.3  
Other financing activities, net 0.0 0.0 0.1  
Net cash provided by financing activities (171.4) (8.5) 1,123.2  
Net increase in cash and cash equivalents 55.0 6.3 23.5  
Cash and cash equivalents $ 140.3 $ 85.3 $ 79.0 $ 55.5
v3.24.0.1
Segments - Operating Segment Information (Detail)
$ in Millions
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2023
USD ($)
Reportable_Business_Segments
Dec. 31, 2022
USD ($)
Dec. 31, 2021
USD ($)
Dec. 31, 2020
USD ($)
Operating Statistics [Line Items]        
Reportable segments | Reportable_Business_Segments 3      
Goodwill assigned 100.00%      
Cash, cash equivalents, and investment securities $ 14,569.0 $ 9,803.0    
Loans HFS 1,402.0 1,184.0    
Loans HFI, net of deferred fees and costs 50,297.0 51,862.0    
Less: allowance for credit losses (336.7) (309.7) $ (252.5)  
Net loans held for investment 49,960.0 51,552.0    
Other assets acquired through foreclosure, net 8.0 11.0    
Goodwill and intangible assets, net 669.0 680.0    
Other assets 4,254.0 4,504.0    
Total assets 70,862.0 67,734.0    
Total deposits 55,333.0 53,644.0    
Borrowings and qualifying debt 8,125.0 7,192.0    
Other liabilities 1,326.0 1,542.0    
Total liabilities 64,784.0 62,378.0    
Total stockholders’ equity 6,078.4 5,356.0 4,962.6 $ 3,413.5
Total liabilities and stockholders' equity 70,862.0 67,734.0    
Excess funds provided (used) 0.0 0.0    
Net interest income 2,338.9 2,216.3 1,548.8  
Provision for credit losses 62.6 68.1 (21.4)  
Net interest income after provision for credit losses 2,276.3 2,148.2 1,570.2  
Non-interest income (loss) 280.7 324.6 404.2  
Non-interest expense (1,623.4) (1,156.7) (851.4)  
Income (loss) before provision for income taxes 933.6 1,316.1 1,123.0  
Income tax expense 211.2 258.8 223.8  
Net income $ 722.4 1,057.3 899.2  
Minimum        
Operating Statistics [Line Items]        
Equity capital allocation 0.00%      
Maximum        
Operating Statistics [Line Items]        
Equity capital allocation 20.00%      
Operating Segments | Commercial        
Operating Statistics [Line Items]        
Cash, cash equivalents, and investment securities $ 13.0 12.0    
Loans HFS 0.0 0.0    
Loans HFI, net of deferred fees and costs 29,136.0 31,414.0    
Less: allowance for credit losses (284.0) (262.0)    
Net loans held for investment 28,852.0 31,152.0    
Other assets acquired through foreclosure, net 8.0 11.0    
Goodwill and intangible assets, net 292.0 293.0    
Other assets 390.0 435.0    
Total assets 29,555.0 31,903.0    
Total deposits 23,897.0 29,494.0    
Borrowings and qualifying debt 7.0 27.0    
Other liabilities 109.0 83.0    
Total liabilities 24,013.0 29,604.0    
Total stockholders’ equity 2,555.0 2,684.0    
Total liabilities and stockholders' equity 26,568.0 32,288.0    
Excess funds provided (used) 2,987.0 (385.0)    
Net interest income 1,387.4 1,546.3 1,181.7  
Provision for credit losses 38.3 47.2 (30.6)  
Net interest income after provision for credit losses 1,349.1 1,499.1 1,212.3  
Non-interest income (loss) (23.3) 59.7 65.1  
Non-interest expense (580.6) (463.5) (415.9)  
Income (loss) before provision for income taxes 745.2 1,095.3 861.5  
Income tax expense 174.8 260.5 206.6  
Net income 570.4 834.8 654.9  
Operating Segments | Consumer Related        
Operating Statistics [Line Items]        
Cash, cash equivalents, and investment securities 125.0 0.0    
Loans HFS 1,402.0 1,184.0    
Loans HFI, net of deferred fees and costs 21,161.0 20,448.0    
Less: allowance for credit losses (53.0) (48.0)    
Net loans held for investment 21,108.0 20,400.0    
Other assets acquired through foreclosure, net 0.0 0.0    
Goodwill and intangible assets, net 377.0 387.0    
Other assets 1,826.0 2,180.0    
Total assets 24,838.0 24,151.0    
Total deposits 24,925.0 18,492.0    
Borrowings and qualifying debt 402.0 340.0    
Other liabilities 338.0 656.0    
Total liabilities 25,665.0 19,488.0    
Total stockholders’ equity 1,790.0 1,691.0    
Total liabilities and stockholders' equity 27,455.0 21,179.0    
Excess funds provided (used) 2,617.0 2,972.0    
Net interest income 898.9 854.1 603.4  
Provision for credit losses 3.3 21.1 11.0  
Net interest income after provision for credit losses 895.6 833.0 592.4  
Non-interest income (loss) 286.9 247.2 317.6  
Non-interest expense (924.5) (630.1) (413.9)  
Income (loss) before provision for income taxes 258.0 450.1 496.1  
Income tax expense 59.2 107.1 120.1  
Net income 198.8 343.0 376.0  
Operating Segments | Corporate & Other        
Operating Statistics [Line Items]        
Cash, cash equivalents, and investment securities 14,431.0 9,791.0    
Loans HFS 0.0 0.0    
Loans HFI, net of deferred fees and costs 0.0 0.0    
Less: allowance for credit losses 0.0 0.0    
Net loans held for investment 0.0 0.0    
Other assets acquired through foreclosure, net 0.0 0.0    
Goodwill and intangible assets, net 0.0 0.0    
Other assets 2,038.0 1,889.0    
Total assets 16,469.0 11,680.0    
Total deposits 6,511.0 5,658.0    
Borrowings and qualifying debt 7,716.0 6,825.0    
Other liabilities 879.0 803.0    
Total liabilities 15,106.0 13,286.0    
Total stockholders’ equity 1,733.0 981.0    
Total liabilities and stockholders' equity 16,839.0 14,267.0    
Excess funds provided (used) (370.0) (2,587.0)    
Net interest income 52.6 (184.1) (236.3)  
Provision for credit losses 21.0 (0.2) (1.8)  
Net interest income after provision for credit losses 31.6 (183.9) (234.5)  
Non-interest income (loss) 17.1 17.7 21.5  
Non-interest expense (118.3) (63.1) (21.6)  
Income (loss) before provision for income taxes (69.6) (229.3) (234.6)  
Income tax expense (22.8) (108.8) (102.9)  
Net income $ (46.8) $ (120.5) $ (131.7)  
v3.24.0.1
Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Millions
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2023
Dec. 31, 2022
Dec. 31, 2021
Revenue from Contract with Customer [Abstract]      
Revenue from contracts with customers $ 98.6 $ 44.1 $ 37.6
v3.24.0.1
Mergers, Acquisitions and Dispositions (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Millions
12 Months Ended
Jan. 25, 2022
Apr. 07, 2021
Dec. 31, 2023
Dec. 31, 2022
Dec. 31, 2021
Business Acquisition [Line Items]          
Acquisition and restructure expenses     $ 0.0 $ 0.4 $ 15.3
Identified intangible assets $ 20.1        
Goodwill     $ 527.0 527.0  
Goodwill expected to be deductible for tax purposes 31.8        
Interest income         1,679.9
Non-interest income         470.5
Net income         909.7
Digital Disbursements          
Business Acquisition [Line Items]          
Consideration transferred 57.0        
Cash paid at closing 50.6        
Contingent consideration 6.4        
Acquisition and restructure expenses       0.4  
Cash and cash equivalents 0.6        
Identified intangible assets 20.1        
Other assets 0.1        
Total assets 20.8        
Other liabilities 0.4        
Total liabilities 0.4        
Net assets acquired 20.4        
Goodwill 36.6        
AmeriHome          
Business Acquisition [Line Items]          
Cash paid at closing   $ 1,200.0      
Acquisition and restructure expenses       $ 0.0 15.3
Acquisition related costs         $ 3.4
Customer relationships          
Business Acquisition [Line Items]          
Identified intangible assets 15.7        
Useful life     7 years    
Developed technology          
Business Acquisition [Line Items]          
Identified intangible assets 4.1        
Useful life     5 years    
Trade names          
Business Acquisition [Line Items]          
Identified intangible assets $ 0.3        
Useful life     10 years