Document and Entity Information - USD ($) $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
Document and Entity Information - USD ($) $ in Millions	Dec. 31, 2020	Mar. 09, 2021	Jun. 30, 2020
Cover [Abstract]
Document Type	10-K
Amendment Flag	false
Document Period End Date	Dec. 31, 2020
Document Fiscal Year Focus	2020
Document Fiscal Period Focus	FY
Trading Symbol	ASPN
Entity Registrant Name	ASPEN AEROGELS, INC.
Entity Central Index Key	0001145986
Current Fiscal Year End Date	--12-31
Entity Well-known Seasoned Issuer	No
Entity Current Reporting Status	Yes
Entity Voluntary Filers	No
Entity Filer Category	Accelerated Filer
Entity File Number	001-36481
Entity Tax Identification Number	04-3559972
Entity Address, Address Line One	30 Forbes Road
Entity Address, Address Line Two	Building B
Entity Address, City or Town	Northborough
Entity Address, State or Province	MA
Entity Address, Postal Zip Code	01532
City Area Code	508
Local Phone Number	691-1111
Entity Emerging Growth Company	false
Entity Small Business	true
Entity Shell Company	false
ICFR Auditor Attestation Flag	true
Entity Interactive Data Current	Yes
Title of 12(b) Security	Common Stock, par value $0.00001 per share
Security Exchange Name	NYSE
Entity Incorporation, State or Country Code	DE
Document Annual Report	true
Document Transition Report	false
Entity Common Stock, Shares Outstanding		28,301,338
Entity Public Float			$ 169.5
Documents Incorporated by Reference	DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE Portions of the registrant’s definitive Proxy Statement for its Annual Meeting of Stockholders to be held on June 1, 2021 are incorporated by reference into Part III of this Annual Report on Form 10-K to the extent stated herein.

Consolidated Balance Sheets - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$ 16,496	$ 3,633
Accounts receivable, net of allowances of $442 and $144	15,698	32,254
Inventories	13,099	8,768
Prepaid expenses and other current assets	1,830	1,114
Total current assets	47,123	45,769
Property, plant and equipment, net	46,739	53,617
Operating lease right-of-use assets	3,478	4,032
Other long-term assets	84	84
Total assets	97,424	103,502
Current liabilities:
Accounts payable	5,351	12,596
Accrued expenses	3,884	8,057
Current portion of long-term debt	1,609
Revolving line of credit		3,123
Deferred revenue	2,037	5,620
Operating lease liabilities	1,046	1,038
Total current liabilities	13,927	30,434
Prepayment liability	9,555	9,786
Long-term debt	2,059
Operating lease liabilities long-term	3,597	4,292
Other long-term liabilities	434
Total liabilities	29,572	44,512
Commitments and contingencies (Note 11)
Stockholders' equity:
Preferred stock, $0.00001 par value; 5,000,000 shares authorized, no shares issued or outstanding at December 31, 2020 and 2019
Common stock, $0.00001 par value; 125,000,000 shares authorized, 27,821,685 and 24,302,504 shares issued and outstanding at December 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively		0
Additional paid-in capital	575,811	545,140
Accumulated deficit	(507,959)	(486,150)
Total stockholders' equity	67,852	58,990
Total liabilities and stockholders' equity	$ 97,424	$ 103,502

Consolidated Balance Sheets (Parenthetical) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019
Statement Of Financial Position [Abstract]
Allowance for accounts receivables	$ 442	$ 144
Preferred stock, par value	$ 0.00001	$ 0.00001
Preferred stock, shares authorized	5,000,000	5,000,000
Preferred stock, shares issued	0	0
Preferred stock, shares outstanding	0	0
Common stock, par value	$ 0.00001	$ 0.00001
Common stock, shares authorized	125,000,000	125,000,000
Common stock, shares issued	27,821,685	24,302,504
Common stock, shares outstanding	27,821,685	24,302,504

Consolidated Statements of Operations - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018
Revenue:
Total revenue	$ 100,273	$ 139,375	$ 104,361
Cost of revenue:
Gross profit	14,594	26,284	12,669
Operating expenses:
Research and development	8,729	8,407	6,319
Sales and marketing	11,753	15,557	13,794
General and administrative	15,681	16,479	19,116
Impairment of construction in progress			7,356
Total operating expenses	36,163	40,443	46,585
Loss from operations	(21,569)	(14,159)	(33,916)
Interest expense, net	(240)	(406)	(524)
Total interest expense, net	(240)	(406)	(524)
Net loss	$ (21,809)	$ (14,565)	$ (34,440)
Net loss per share:
Basic and diluted	$ (0.83)	$ (0.60)	$ (1.45)
Weighted-average common shares outstanding:
Basic and diluted	26,377,652	24,099,438	23,738,852
Product [Member]
Revenue:
Total revenue	$ 99,834	$ 136,934	$ 102,123
Cost of revenue:
Cost of revenue	85,545	111,759	90,660
Research Services [Member]
Revenue:
Total revenue	439	2,441	2,238
Cost of revenue:
Cost of revenue	$ 134	$ 1,332	$ 1,032

Consolidated Statements of Stockholders' Equity - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Total	Underwritten Public Offering [Member]	At The Market Offering [Member]	Common Stock 0.00001 Par Value [Member]	Common Stock 0.00001 Par Value [Member] Underwritten Public Offering [Member]	Common Stock 0.00001 Par Value [Member] At The Market Offering [Member]	Additional Paid-in Capital [Member]	Additional Paid-in Capital [Member] Underwritten Public Offering [Member]	Additional Paid-in Capital [Member] At The Market Offering [Member]	Accumulated Deficit [Member]
Beginning balance at Dec. 31, 2017	$ 100,943						$ 538,088			$ (437,145)
Beginning balance, shares at Dec. 31, 2017				23,643,189
Net loss	(34,440)									(34,440)
Stock compensation expense	4,302						4,302
Issuance of restricted stock, shares				58,062
Vesting of restricted stock units	(551)						(551)
Vesting of restricted stock units, shares				272,266
Ending balance at Dec. 31, 2018	70,254						541,839			(471,585)
Ending balance, shares at Dec. 31, 2018				23,973,517
Net loss	(14,565)									(14,565)
Stock compensation expense	3,771						3,771
Issuance of restricted stock, shares				50,328
Vesting of restricted stock units	(470)						(470)
Vesting of restricted stock units, shares				278,659
Ending balance at Dec. 31, 2019	58,990						545,140			(486,150)
Ending balance, shares at Dec. 31, 2019				24,302,504
Net loss	(21,809)									(21,809)
Stock compensation expense	5,004						5,004
Issuance of restricted stock, shares				45,066
Vesting of restricted stock units	(1,219)						(1,219)
Vesting of restricted stock units, shares				344,158
Proceeds from employee stock option exercises	$ 2,661						2,661
Proceeds from employee stock option exercises, shares	460,600			460,600
Proceeds from offering, net		$ 14,751	$ 9,474					$ 14,751	$ 9,474
Proceeds from offering, net, shares					1,955,000	714,357
Ending balance at Dec. 31, 2020	$ 67,852						$ 575,811			$ (507,959)
Ending balance, shares at Dec. 31, 2020				27,821,685

Consolidated Statements of Stockholders' Equity (Parenthetical) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2020 USD ($)
Underwritten Public Offering [Member]
Underwriting discounts and commissions	$ 1,093
Issuance costs	285
At The Market Offering [Member]
Issuance costs	199
commissions and fees	$ 299

Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows - USD ($)	12 Months Ended
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows - USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018
Cash flows from operating activities:
Net loss	$ (21,809,000)	$ (14,565,000)	$ (34,440,000)
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash used in operating activities:
Depreciation	10,198,000	10,213,000	10,787,000
Impairment of construction in process			7,356,000
Amortization of debt issuance costs	9,000
Provision for bad debt	325,000	0	2,922,000
Stock compensation expense	5,004,000	3,771,000	4,302,000
Reduction in the carrying amount of operating lease right-of-use assets	971,000	947,000
Lease incentives			(121,000)
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
Accounts receivable	16,231,000	(6,689,000)	(1,723,000)
Inventories	(4,331,000)	(1,450,000)	1,597,000
Prepaid expenses and other assets	(716,000)	(84,000)	261,000
Accounts payable	(7,149,000)	141,000	1,557,000
Accrued expenses	(4,173,000)	4,344,000	(2,056,000)
Deferred revenue	(3,814,000)	3,392,000	810,000
Operating lease liabilities	(1,104,000)	(1,018,000)
Other liabilities	434,000	(56,000)	94,000
Net cash used in operating activities	(9,924,000)	(1,054,000)	(8,654,000)
Cash flows from investing activities:
Capital expenditures	(3,416,000)	(2,112,000)	(3,593,000)
Net cash used in investing activities	(3,416,000)	(2,112,000)	(3,593,000)
Cash flows from financing activities:
Proceeds from issuance of long-term debt	3,686,000
Issuance costs from long-term debt	(27,000)
Prepayment proceeds under customer supply agreement		5,000,000	5,000,000
Proceeds from employee stock option exercises	2,661,000
Payments made for employee restricted stock tax withholdings	(1,219,000)	(470,000)	(551,000)
Proceeds from (repayments of) borrowings under line of credit, net	(3,123,000)	(1,058,000)	431,000
Net cash provided by financing activities	26,203,000	3,472,000	4,880,000
Net increase (decrease) in cash	12,863,000	306,000	(7,367,000)
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period	3,633,000	3,327,000	10,694,000
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period	16,496,000	3,633,000	3,327,000
Supplemental disclosures of cash flow information:
Interest paid	216,000	440,000	338,000
Income taxes paid	0	0	0
Supplemental disclosures of non-cash activities:
Initial recognition of operating lease liabilities related to right-of-use assets		5,995,000
Right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for new operating lease liabilities	417,000	353,000
Changes in accrued capital expenditures	(96,000)	$ 63,000	182,000
Capitalized interest			$ 44,000
Underwritten Public Offering [Member]
Cash flows from financing activities:
Proceeds from offering, net	15,036,000
Issuance costs	(285,000)
At The Market Offering [Member]
Cash flows from financing activities:
Proceeds from offering, net	9,673,000
Issuance costs	$ (199,000)

Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows (Parenthetical) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2020 USD ($)
Underwritten Public Offering [Member]
Underwriting discounts and commissions, net	$ 1,093
At The Market Offering [Member]
Commissions and fees net	$ 299

Description of Business

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2020

Organization Consolidation And Presentation Of Financial Statements [Abstract]

Description of Business

(1) Description of Business

Nature of Business

Aspen Aerogels, Inc. (the Company) is an aerogel technology company that designs, develops and manufactures innovative, high-performance aerogel insulation used primarily in the energy infrastructure and building materials markets. In addition, the Company is developing high value applications for its aerogel technology in the electric vehicle market. The Company also conducts research related to aerogel technology supported by funding from several agencies of the U.S. government and other institutions in the form of research contracts. The Company has decided to cease efforts to secure additional funded research contracts and to wind down existing contract research activities.

The Company maintains its corporate offices in Northborough, Massachusetts. The Company has three wholly owned subsidiaries: Aspen Aerogels Rhode Island, LLC, Aspen Aerogels Germany, GmbH and Aspen Aerogels Georgia, LLC.

On June 18, 2014, the Company completed the initial public offering (IPO) of its common stock.

Liquidity

During the year ended December 31, 2020, the Company incurred a net loss of $21.8 million and used $9.9 million of cash in operations. On February 18, 2020, the Company received net proceeds of $14.8 million upon the completion of an underwritten public offering of the Company’s common stock. On May 4, 2020, Aspen Aerogels Rhode Island, LLC received loan proceeds of $3.7 million upon the execution of a promissory note pursuant to the Paycheck Protection Program (PPP) established by the Coronavirus Aid, Relief and Economic Security Act (CARES Act) and administered by the U.S. Small Business Administration (SBA) (see note 8). During November and December 2020, the Company received net proceeds of $9.5 million through an at-the-market offering of the Company’s stock. The Company had cash and cash equivalents of $16.5 million, total debt of $3.7 million and no outstanding borrowings under its revolving line of credit as of December 31, 2020 (see note 7). After giving effect to the $1.4 million of outstanding letters of credit, the amount available to the Company at December 31, 2020 under the revolving line of credit was $5.4 million. The existing revolving line of credit matures on April 28, 2022.

The Company is increasing investment in the research and development of next-generation aerogel products and manufacturing process technologies. The Company is continuing to develop aerogel products and technologies for the electric vehicle market. The commercial potential for the Company’s technology in the electric vehicle market is significant and could require the Company to hire additional personnel, incur additional operating expenses, and incur capital expenditures to expand aerogel manufacturing capacity, build an automated fabrication operation, and construct a battery materials facility, among other items.

The Company expects its existing cash balance and the amount anticipated to be available under the existing revolving line of credit will be sufficient to support current operating requirements and research and development activities. However, the Company plans to supplement its cash balance and available credit with debt financings, customer prepayments, technology licensing fees or equity financings to provide the capital necessary to fund the evolving commercial opportunity in the electric vehicle market and other strategic business opportunities.

Summary of Basis of Presentation and Significant Accounting Policies

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2020

Accounting Policies [Abstract]

Summary of Basis of Presentation and Significant Accounting Policies

(2) Summary of Basis of Presentation and Significant Accounting Policies

Principles of Consolidation

The accompanying consolidated financial statements, which have been prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (U.S. GAAP), include the accounts of the Company and its wholly owned subsidiaries. All intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.

Use of Estimates

The preparation of the consolidated financial statements requires the Company to make a number of estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities at the date of the consolidated financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Significant items subject to such estimates and assumptions include allowances for doubtful accounts, sales returns and allowances, product warranty costs, inventory valuation, the carrying amount of property and equipment, stock-based compensation and deferred income taxes. The Company evaluates its estimates and assumptions on an on-going basis using historical experience and other factors, including current economic conditions, which are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances. Management adjusts such estimates and assumptions when facts and circumstances warrant. Illiquid credit markets, volatile equity markets and declines in business investment can increase the uncertainty inherent in such estimates and assumptions. As future events and their effects cannot be determined with precision, actual results could differ significantly from these estimates. Changes in these estimates resulting from continuing changes in the economic environment will be reflected in the financial statements in future periods.

Cash and Cash Equivalents

Cash equivalents include short-term, highly liquid instruments, which consist of money market accounts. All cash and cash equivalents are maintained with major financial institutions in North America. Deposits with these financial institutions may exceed the amount of insurance provided on such deposits; however, these deposits typically may be redeemed upon demand and, therefore, bear minimal risk.

Concentration of Credit Risk

Financial instruments, which potentially expose the Company to concentrations of credit risk, consist principally of accounts receivable. The Company’s customers are primarily insulation distributors, insulation contractors, insulation fabricators and select end-users located throughout the world. The Company performs ongoing credit evaluations of its customers’ financial condition and generally requires no collateral to secure accounts receivable. The Company maintains an allowance for doubtful accounts based on its assessment of the collectability of accounts receivable. The Company reviews the allowance for doubtful accounts quarterly. During the year ended December 31, 2020, the Company recorded a charge for estimated customer uncollectible accounts receivable of $0.3 million. During the year ended December 31, 2019, the Company did not record any charges for uncollectible accounts receivable. During the year ended December 31, 2018, the Company recorded a charge for uncollectible accounts receivable of $2.9 million related to four customers of which one customer accounted for $2.8 million. During the year ended December 31, 2019, the Company received collections of $0.3 million from this customer. The Company subsequently determined that collection of the remaining unpaid accounts receivable from this customer of $2.6 million was unlikely due to the customer’s filing of judicial reorganization under Brazilian laws. Therefore, the Company recorded a write-off of the accounts receivable and the corresponding allowance for doubtful accounts. During 2020, the Company established an estimated reserve for uncollectible accounts receivable for $0.3 million. Allowance for doubtful accounts was $0.3 million and zero at December 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively. The Company does not have any off-balance-sheet credit exposure related to its customers.

For the year ended December 31, 2020, two customers represented 21% and 15% of total revenue, respectively. For the year ended December 31, 2019, two customers represented 20% and 13% of total revenue, respectively. For the year ended December 31, 2018, one customer represented 20% of total revenue

At December 31, 2020, the Company had one customer which accounted for 26% of accounts receivable. At December 31, 2019, the Company had two customers that accounted for 19% and 16% of accounts receivable, respectively.

Inventories

Inventory consists of finished products and raw materials. Inventories are carried at lower of cost, determined using the first-in, first-out (FIFO) method, and net realizable value. Cost includes materials, labor and manufacturing overhead. Manufacturing overhead is allocated to the costs of conversion based on normal capacity of the Company’s production facility. Abnormal freight, handling costs and material waste is expensed in the period it occurs.

The Company periodically reviews its inventories and makes provisions as necessary for estimated excess, obsolete or damaged goods to ensure values approximate the lower of cost and net realizable value. The amount of any such provision is equal to the difference between the cost of inventory and the estimated net realizable value based upon assumptions about future demand, selling prices and market conditions.

Property, Plant and Equipment, Net

Property, plant and equipment are stated at cost. Expenditures for maintenance and repairs are charged to expense as incurred. Expenditures for major betterments are capitalized as additions to property, plant and equipment.

Depreciation on plant and equipment is calculated on the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the assets. Assets related to leasehold improvements are amortized on a straight-line basis over the shorter of the lease term or estimated useful life of the asset.

Assets utilized in the Company’s operations that are taken out of service with no future use are charged to cost of revenue or operating expenses, depending on the department in which the asset was utilized. Impairments of construction in progress are charged to operating expenses upon the determination of no future use.

Other Assets

Other assets primarily include long-term deposits.

Impairment of Long-Lived Assets

Long-lived assets are reviewed for impairment when events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset or asset group may not be recoverable. Recognition and measurement of a potential impairment is performed on assets grouped with other assets and liabilities at the lowest level where identifiable cash flows are largely independent of the cash flows of other assets and liabilities. Recoverability of assets to be held and used is measured by a comparison of the carrying amount of an asset or asset group to future undiscounted net cash flows expected to be generated by the asset or asset group. If the carrying amount of an asset or asset group exceeds its estimated undiscounted future cash flows, an impairment charge is recognized for the amount by which the carrying amount of the asset or asset group exceeds the fair value of the asset or asset group. Fair value is determined through various valuation techniques including discounted cash flow models, quoted market values and third-party independent appraisals, as considered necessary.

During 2016, the Company completed the design and engineering for a second manufacturing facility to be located in Statesboro, Georgia. At that time, the Company elected to delay construction of the facility due to its assessment of future demand. In December 2018, the Company determined that due to its cumulative manufacturing process advancements since 2016 and expected additional improvements in the near future, it would not use the existing design and engineering to construct a second facility in any location. Accordingly, the Company determined that the design and engineering costs were not recoverable and recorded an impairment charge of $7.4 million on construction in progress assets during 2018.

Leases

On January 1, 2019, the Company adopted Accounting Standards Update (ASU) 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842). See note 10 for further details.

Revenue Recognition

The Company recognizes revenue in accordance with Accounting Standards Codification 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (ASC 606). See note 3 for further details.

Warranty

The Company provides warranties for its products and records the estimated cost within cost of revenue in the period that the related revenue is recorded. The Company’s standard warranty period extends to one year from the date of shipment. This standard warranty provides that the Company’s products will be free from defects in material and workmanship, and will, under normal use, conform to the specifications for the product.

The Company’s products may be utilized in systems that involve new technical demands and new configurations. Accordingly, the Company regularly reviews and assesses whether warranty reserves should be recorded in the period the related revenue is recorded. For an initial shipment of product for use in a system with new technical demands or new configurations and where the

Company is unsure of meeting the customer’s specifications, the Company will defer the recognition of product revenue and related costs until written customer acceptance is obtained.

The Company did not record any warranty expense during the years ended December 31, 2020, 2019 and 2018.

Shipping and Handling Costs

Shipping and handling costs are classified as a component of cost of revenue. Customer payments of shipping and handling costs are recorded as product revenue.

Stock-based Compensation

The Company grants share-based awards to its employees and non-employee directors. All share-based awards granted, including grants of stock options, restricted stock and restricted stock units (RSUs), are recognized in the statement of operations based on their fair value as of the date of grant. Expense is recognized on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period for all awards with service conditions. For performance-based awards, the grant date fair value is recognized as expense when the condition is probable of being achieved, and then on a graded basis over the requisite service period. The Company uses the Black-Scholes option-pricing model to determine the fair value of service-based option awards. The Black-Scholes model requires the use of a number of complex and subjective assumptions including fair value of the underlying security, the expected volatility of the underlying security, a risk-free interest rate and the expected term of the option.

The fair value of restricted stock and RSUs is determined using the closing price of the Company’s common stock on the date of grant. All shares of restricted stock are not transferable until vested. Restricted stock is typically issued to non-employee directors and typically vests over a one-year period from the date of issuance. RSUs are issued to employees and typically vest over a three-year period from the date of issuance. The fair value of restricted stock and RSUs upon which vesting is solely service-based is expensed ratably over the vesting period. If the service condition for shares of restricted stock is not met for any reason, the shares of unvested restricted stock will be forfeited and returned to the Company.

For stock options that contain a market condition, the Company uses the Monte-Carlo simulation option-pricing model to determine the fair value of the awards. In addition to the input assumptions used in the Black-Scholes model, the Monte-Carlo simulation option-pricing model factors the probability that the specific market condition may or may not be satisfied into the valuation. Stock-based compensation expense for awards with a market condition is recognized on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period for each such award.

Pursuant to the “evergreen” provisions of the 2014 Employee, Director and Consultant Equity Incentive Plan, the number of shares of common stock authorized for issuance under the plan automatically increased by 486,050 shares to 7,974,980 shares effective January 1, 2020.

Research and Development

Costs incurred in the Company’s research and development activities include compensation and related costs, services provided by third-party contractors, materials and supplies and are classified as research and development expenses as incurred. Research and development costs directly associated with research services revenue are classified as research services in cost of revenue.

Earnings per Share

The Company calculates net loss per common share based on the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding during each period. Potential common stock equivalents are determined using the treasury stock method. The weighted-average number of common shares included in the computation of diluted net income (loss) gives effect to all potentially dilutive common equivalent shares, including outstanding stock options and RSUs. Common equivalent shares are excluded from the computation of diluted net loss per share if their effect is antidilutive.

Income Taxes

Income taxes are accounted for under the asset and liability method. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the future tax consequences attributable to differences between the financial statement carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax bases and operating loss and tax credit carryforwards. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using

enacted tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in the years in which those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled. The effect on deferred tax assets and liabilities of a change in tax rates is recognized in income in the period that includes the enactment date.

The Company recognizes the effect of income tax positions only if those positions are more likely than not of being sustained. The Company accounts for uncertain tax positions using a recognition threshold and measurement attribute for the financial statement recognition and measurement of a tax position taken or expected to be taken in a tax return. Differences between tax positions taken in a tax return and amounts recognized in the financial statements are recorded as adjustments to income taxes payable or receivable, or adjustments to deferred taxes, or both. Changes in recognition or measurement are reflected in the period in which the change in judgment occurs. The Company recognizes penalties and interest related to uncertain tax positions, if any, as a component of income tax expense.

Segments

Operating segments are identified as components of an enterprise about which separate, discrete financial information is available for evaluation by the chief operating decision maker in making decisions on how to allocate resources and assess performance. The Company’s chief operating decision maker is the Chief Executive Officer. The Company’s chief operating decision maker reviews consolidated operating results to make decisions about allocating resources and assessing performance for the entire Company. The Company presently views its operations and manages its business as one operating segment.

Information about the Company’s total revenues, based on shipment destination or services location, is presented in the following table:

	Year Ended December 31,
	2020		2019		2018
	(In thousands)
Revenue:
U.S.	$	44,842	$	58,328	$	41,733
International		55,431		81,047		62,628
Total revenue	$	100,273	$	139,375	$	104,361

Recently Issued Accounting Standards

From time to time, new accounting pronouncements are issued by the Financial Accounting Standards Board or other standard setting bodies. Recently issued standards typically do not require adoption until a future effective date. Prior to their effective date, the Company evaluates the pronouncements to determine the potential effects of adoption to its consolidated financial statements.

Standards Implemented Since December 31, 2019

The Company has not implemented any accounting standards that had a material impact on its consolidated financial statements during the year ended December 31, 2020.

Standards to be Implemented After December 31, 2020

The Company believes that the impact of recently issued accounting standards that are not yet effective will not have a material impact on its consolidated financial statements.

Revenue from Contracts with Customers

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2020

Revenue From Contract With Customer [Abstract]

Revenue from Contracts with Customers

(3) Revenue from Contracts with Customers

Revenue Recognition

Revenue is recognized when a customer obtains control of promised goods or services in an amount that reflects the consideration which the entity expects to receive in exchange for those goods or services. To determine revenue recognition for arrangements within the scope of ASC 606, the Company performs the following five steps: (i) identification of the contract with a customer; (ii) identification of the performance obligations in the contract; (iii) determination of the transaction price; (iv) allocation of the transaction price to the separate performance obligations in the contract; and (v) recognition of the revenue associated with

performance obligations as they are satisfied. The Company applies the five-step model to contracts when it is probable that the Company will collect the consideration it is entitled to in exchange for the goods or services it transfers to the customer. At contract inception, once the contract is determined to be within the scope of ASC 606, the Company assesses the goods or services promised within each contract and determines those that are performance obligations, and assesses whether each promised good or service is distinct. If the contract contains a single performance obligation, the entire transaction price is allocated to the single performance obligation. Contracts that contain multiple performance obligations require an allocation of the transaction price based on the estimated relative standalone-selling prices of the promised products or services underlying each performance obligation. The Company determines standalone-selling prices based on the price at which the performance obligation is sold separately. If the standalone-selling price is not observable through past transactions, the Company estimates the standalone-selling price taking into account available information such as market conditions and internally approved pricing guidelines related to the performance obligations. The Company then recognizes as revenue the amount of the transaction price that is allocated to the respective performance obligation when (or as) the performance obligation is satisfied.

When determining the transaction price of a contract, an adjustment is made if payment from a customer occurs either significantly before or significantly after performance, resulting in a significant financing component. Applying the practical expedient in paragraph ASC 606-10-32-18, the Company does not assess whether a significant financing component exists if the period between when the Company performs its obligations under the contract and when the customer pays is one year or less. The Company did not have any contracts outstanding at both December 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018 and did not enter into any contracts during each of the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019 that contained a significant financing component.

The Company records deferred revenue for product sales when (i) the Company has delivered products but other revenue recognition criteria have not been satisfied or (ii) payments have been received in advance of the completion of required performance obligations.

Shipping and Handling Costs

Shipping and handling costs associated with outbound freight after control over a product has transferred to a customer are accounted for as fulfillment costs and are included in the cost of product revenue. The associated amount of revenue recognized includes the consideration to which the Company expects to be entitled to receive in exchange for incurring these shipping and handling costs.

Product Revenue

The Company generally enters into contracts containing one type of performance obligation. The Company recognizes product revenue when the performance obligation is satisfied, which is generally upon delivery according to contractual shipping terms within customer purchase orders.

The Company also enters into rebate agreements with certain customers. These agreements may be considered an additional performance obligation of the Company or variable consideration within a contract. Rebates are recorded as a reduction of revenue in the period the related product revenue is recognized. A corresponding liability is recorded as a component of deferred revenue on the consolidated balance sheets. These arrangements are primarily based on the customer attaining contractually specified sales volumes.

The Company estimates the amount of its product sales that may be returned by its customers and records this estimate as a reduction of revenue in the period the related product revenue is recognized. The Company currently estimates product return liabilities using historical rates of return, current quarter credit sales, and specific items of exposure on a contract-by-contract basis. Sales return reserves were approximately $0.1 million at both Decembers 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019.

Subsea Projects

The Company manufactures and sells subsea products that are designed for pipe-in-pipe applications in offshore oil production and are typically customized to meet customer specifications. Subsea products typically have no alternative use and contain an enforceable right to payment. Customer invoicing terms for subsea products are typically based on certain milestones within the production and delivery schedule. Under the provisions of ASC 606, the Company recognizes revenue at a point in time when transfer of control of the products is passed to the customer, or over time utilizing the input method. The timing of revenue recognition is assessed on a contract-by-contract basis. During the years ended December 31, 2020, 2019, and 2018 the Company recognized revenue of $9.7 million, $17.0 million, and $8.1 million respectively, in connection with subsea projects.

Research Services

The Company performs research services under contracts with various government agencies and other institutions. These contracts generally have one type of performance obligation associated with the provision of research services including certain licenses to any resulting intellectual property. The Company records revenue using the percentage-of-completion method in two ways: (1) for firm-fixed-price contracts, the Company accrues that portion of the total contract price that is allocable on the basis of the Company’s estimates of costs incurred to date to total contract costs; and (2) for cost-plus-fixed-fee contracts, the Company records revenue that is equal to total payroll cost incurred times a stated factor plus reimbursable expenses, to a stated upper limit. The primary cost under the Company’s research service contracts is the labor expended in completing the research. Typically, the only deliverable, other than the labor hours expended, is reporting research results to the customer or delivery of research grade aerogel products. Because the input measure of labor hours expended is also reflective of the output measure, it is a reliable means to measure the extent of progress toward completion. Revisions in cost estimates and fees during the course of the contract are reflected in the accounting period in which the facts that require the revisions become known. Contract costs and rates used to allocate overhead to contracts are subject to audit by the respective contracting government agency. Adjustments to revenue as a result of audit are recorded within the period they become known. To date, adjustments to revenue as a result of contracting agency audits have been insignificant.

Disaggregation of Revenue

In the following tables, revenue is disaggregated by primary geographical region and source of revenue:

	December 31, 2020
	U.S.		International		Total
	(In thousands)
Geographical region
Asia	$	—	$	38,403	$	38,403
Canada		—		986		986
Europe		—		13,881		13,881
Latin America		—		2,161		2,161
U.S.		44,842		—		44,842
Total revenue	$	44,842	$	55,431	$	100,273

Source of revenue
Product revenue	$	42,416	$	47,678	$	90,094
Subsea projects		1,987		7,753		9,740
Research services		439		—		439
Total revenue	$	44,842	$	55,431	$	100,273

	December 31, 2019
	U.S.		International		Total
	(In thousands)
Geographical region
Asia	$	—	$	44,485	$	44,485
Canada		—		9,064		9,064
Europe		—		24,081		24,081
Latin America		—		3,417		3,417
U.S.		58,328		—		58,328
Total revenue	$	58,328	$	81,047	$	139,375

Source of revenue
Product revenue	$	52,050	$	67,856	$	119,906
Subsea projects		3,837		13,191		17,028
Research services		2,441		—		2,441
Total revenue	$	58,328	$	81,047	$	139,375

	December 31, 2018
	U.S.		International		Total
	(In thousands)
Geographical region
Asia	$	—	$	34,597	$	34,597
Canada		—		4,749		4,749
Europe		—		19,905		19,905
Latin America		—		3,377		3,377
U.S.		41,733		—		41,733
Total revenue	$	41,733	$	62,628	$	104,361

Source of revenue
Product revenue	$	39,490	$	54,487	$	93,977
Subsea projects		5		8,141		8,146
Research services		2,238		—		2,238
Total revenue	$	41,733	$	62,628	$	104,361

Contract Balances

The following table presents changes in the Company’s contract assets and contract liabilities during the year ended December 31, 2020:

	Balance at December 31, 2019		Additions		Deductions			Balance at December 31, 2020
	(In thousands)
Contract assets
Subsea projects	$	2,811	$	9,424	$	(10,865	)	$	1,370
Research services		172		207		(312	)		67
Total contract assets	$	2,983	$	9,631	$	(11,177	)	$	1,437
Contract liabilities
Deferred revenue
Product revenue	$	4,991	$	1,162	$	(4,294	)	$	1,859
Subsea projects		491		4,835		(5,148	)		178
Research services		138		94		(232	)		—
Prepayment liability		9,786		—		(231	)		9,555
Total contract liabilities	$	15,406	$	6,091	$	(9,905	)	$	11,592

During the year ended December 31, 2020, the Company recognized $4.6 million of revenue that was included in deferred revenue at December 31, 2019.

A contract asset is recorded when the Company satisfies a performance obligation by transferring a promised good or service and has earned the right to consideration from its customer. These assets may represent a conditional or unconditional right to consideration and are included within accounts receivable on the consolidated balance sheets.

A contract liability is recorded when consideration is received, or such consideration is unconditionally due, from a customer prior to transferring goods or services under the terms of the contract. Contract liabilities are recognized as revenue after control of the products or services is transferred to the customer and all revenue recognition criteria have been met.

- Definition

The entire disclosure of revenue from contract with customer to transfer good or service and to transfer nonfinancial asset. Includes, but is not limited to, disaggregation of revenue, credit loss recognized from contract with customer, judgment and change in judgment related to contract with customer, and asset recognized from cost incurred to obtain or fulfill contract with customer. Excludes insurance and lease contracts.

+ References

Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 606
-URI http://asc.fasb.org/topic&trid=49130388

Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 606
-SubTopic 10
-Section 50
-Paragraph 10
-URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=121604090&loc=SL49130551-203045

Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 606
-SubTopic 10
-Section 50
-Paragraph 13
-Subparagraph (b)(2)
-URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=121604090&loc=SL49130556-203045

Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 606
-SubTopic 10
-Section 50
-Paragraph 12
-Subparagraph (b)
-URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=121604090&loc=SL49130554-203045

Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 606
-SubTopic 10
-Section 50
-Paragraph 9
-URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=121604090&loc=SL49130550-203045

Reference 6: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 606
-SubTopic 10
-Section 50
-Paragraph 12
-Subparagraph (e)
-URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=121604090&loc=SL49130554-203045

Reference 7: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 606
-SubTopic 10
-Section 50
-Paragraph 12
-Subparagraph (a)
-URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=121604090&loc=SL49130554-203045

Reference 8: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 606
-SubTopic 10
-Section 50
-Paragraph 12
-Subparagraph (d)
-URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=121604090&loc=SL49130554-203045

Reference 9: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 606
-SubTopic 10
-Section 50
-Paragraph 15
-URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=121604090&loc=SL49130558-203045

Reference 10: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 606
-SubTopic 10
-Section 50
-Paragraph 12
-Subparagraph (c)
-URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=121604090&loc=SL49130554-203045

+ Details

Inventories

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2020

Inventory Disclosure [Abstract]

Inventories

(4) Inventories

Inventories consist of the following:

	December 31,
	2020		2019
	(In thousands)
Raw material	$	4,068	$	4,334
Finished goods		9,031		4,434
Total	$	13,099	$	8,768

Property, Plant and Equipment, Net

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2020

Property Plant And Equipment [Abstract]

Property, Plant and Equipment, Net

(5) Property, Plant and Equipment, Net

Property, plant and equipment consist of the following:

	December 31,
	2020			2019			Useful life
	(In thousands)
Construction in progress	$	1,906		$	1,309		—
Buildings		24,016			24,016		30 years
Machinery and equipment		124,807			122,485		3 — 10 years
Computer equipment and software		8,850			8,556		3 years
Total		159,579			156,366
Accumulated depreciation and amortization		(112,840	)		(102,749	)
Property, plant and equipment, net	$	46,739		$	53,617

Depreciation expense was $10.2 million, $10.2 million and $10.8 million for the years ended December 31, 2020, 2019 and 2018, respectively.

Construction in progress totaled $1.9 million and $1.3 million at December 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively, associated with the Company’s East Providence, Rhode Island facility.

Accrued Expenses

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2020

Payables And Accruals [Abstract]

Accrued Expenses

(6) Accrued Expenses

Accrued expenses consist of the following:

	December 31,
	2020		2019
	(In thousands)
Employee compensation	$	2,587	$	6,472
Other accrued expenses		1,297		1,585
Total	$	3,884	$	8,057

Revolving Line of Credit

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2020

Debt Disclosure [Abstract]

Revolving Line of Credit

(7) Revolving Line of Credit

The Company is party to an Amended and Restated Loan and Security Agreement with Silicon Valley Bank (Loan Agreement). On March 3, 2020, the Loan Agreement was amended to extend the maturity date of the revolving credit facility to April 28, 2021.The Company further amended the Loan Agreement to revise the minimum Adjusted EBITDA financial convent on September 25, 2020 and to secure a preemptive waiver of the Adjusted EBITDA financial convent on December 24, 2020, among other things. On March 12, 2021, the Loan Agreement was amended and restated to extend the maturity date of the revolving credit facility to April 28, 2022 and to establish certain minimum Adjusted EBITDA levels and minimum Adjusted Quick Ratio covenants, as defined.

Under the revolving credit facility, the Company is permitted to borrow a maximum of $20.0 million, subject to continued covenant compliance and borrowing base requirements. The interest rate applicable to borrowings under the revolving credit facility is based on prime rate, subject to a minimum rate of 4.00% per annum. Prime rate-based rates vary from prime rate plus 0.75% per annum to prime rate plus 2.00% per annum. In addition, the Company is required to pay a monthly unused revolving line facility fee of 0.50% per annum of the average unused portion of the revolving credit facility.

Under the Loan Agreement, the Company is required to comply with both non-financial and financial covenants, including a minimum Adjusted EBITDA covenant, as defined. At December 31, 2020, the Company was in compliance with all such covenants. Obligations under the Loan Agreement are secured by a security interest in all assets of the Company, including those at the East Providence facility, except for certain exclusions. The Company intends to extend or replace the facility prior to its maturity.

During the year ended December 31, 2020, the Company borrowed $19.4 million and repaid $22.6 million under the line of credit. At December 31, 2020 the Company had no amounts drawn from the revolving credit facility. At December 31, 2019 the Company had $3.1 million drawn from the revolving credit facility.

The Company has provided letters of credit to secure obligations under certain commercial contracts and other obligations. The Company had outstanding letters of credit backed by the revolving credit facility of $1.4 million and $0.9 million at December 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively, which reduce the funds otherwise available to the Company under the facility.

At December 31, 2020, the amount available to the Company under the revolving credit facility was $5.4 million after giving effect to the $1.4 million of outstanding letters of credit.

Debt

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2020

Debt Disclosure [Abstract]

Debt

(8) Debt

On May 1, 2020, Aspen Aerogels Rhode Island, LLC (Borrower) executed a promissory note (Note) in favor of Northeast Bank to receive an unsecured loan in the principal amount of $3.7 million (the PPP Loan) pursuant to the Paycheck Protection Program (PPP) established by the CARES Act, as amended by the Paycheck Protection Program Flexibility Act (Flexibility Act), and administered by the SBA. The Borrower conferred with representatives of the SBA prior to finalizing the PPP Loan. The PPP Loan was subsequently sold by Northeast Bank to The Loan Source, Inc. (PPP Investor), a secondary market investor.

The PPP Loan carries an interest rate of 1% per year and matures two years from the date of the Note. The PPP Loan indebtedness may be forgiven in whole or in part upon application by the Borrower to the PPP Investor. The PPP Investor will determine to what extent the PPP Loan is eligible for forgiveness, subject to SBA guidelines and other regulations, based on the use of loan proceeds for payroll costs, payment of interest on covered mortgage obligations, rent and utility costs over either an eight-week or 24-week period, at the Borrower’s option, following the Borrower’s receipt of the loan proceeds. Upon the Borrower’s application for forgiveness, the SBA will review the Borrower’s eligibility, use of proceeds and other certifications in connection with the application for the PPP Loan. Upon such review, the SBA may approve or deny the Borrower’s loan forgiveness application, in whole or in part. As of December 31, 2020, the Borrower had not applied for forgiveness.

If the Borrower has not applied for forgiveness within ten months from the end of the 24-week period following receipt of the loan proceeds, the Borrower will be required make payments of principal and accrued interest in equal monthly installments over the remaining term of the loan. In addition, the Flexibility Act permits the Borrower and the PPP Investor to mutually agree to extend the term of the PPP Loan to five years from the date of the Note. The Borrower may repay the PPP Loan at any time without penalty.

While the Borrower is not required to apply for forgiveness of the PPP Loan, upon application for forgiveness, the Borrower may not receive forgiveness of the PPP Loan in whole or in part. In addition, the amount of potential loan forgiveness may be reduced if the Borrower failed to maintain employee and salary levels during the applicable eight-week or 24-week period following receipt of the loan proceeds. If the Borrower applies for forgiveness, and the PPP Loan is not forgiven in whole or in part, the Borrower will be required to make payments of principal and accrued interest in equal monthly installments over the remaining term of the loan for the post-forgiveness balance outstanding.

The Note contains customary events of default relating to, among other things, payment defaults, breaches of representations and warranties, and defaults under any loan or agreement with another debtor, including the Company’s credit facility with SVB, to the extent the PPP Investor believes such default may materially affect the Borrower’s ability to repay the PPP Loan. The occurrence of an event of default, if not cured, may result in the Borrower’s repayment of the PPP Loan prior to maturity.

The Borrower has used the proceeds of the PPP Loan to support ongoing operations and to sustain staffing levels in its East Providence, Rhode Island manufacturing facility despite the unfavorable impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and volatile energy markets on its business.

Long-term debt consists of the following:

	December 31,			December 31,
	2020			2019
	(In thousands)
Long-term debt, principal	$	3,686		$	—
Current portion of long-term debt		(1,609	)		—
Debt issuance costs, net of accumulated amortization		(18	)		—
Long-term debt	$	2,059		$	—

The schedule of required principal payments remaining on long-term debt outstanding as of December 31, 2020 is as follows:

Year	Principal Payments
	(In thousands)
2021		1,609
2022		2,077
Total principal payments	$	3,686

Interest Expense, Net

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2020

Interest Income Expense Net [Abstract]

Interest Expense, net

(9) Interest Expense, net

For the years ended December 31, 2020, 2019, and 2018, interest expense, net was $0.2 million, $0.4 million, and $0.5 million, respectively, and consisted primarily of fees and interest expense related to the Company’s revolving credit facility with Silicon Valley Bank.

Leases

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2020

Leases [Abstract]

Leases

(10) Leases

The Company leases office and warehouse space in Northborough, Massachusetts and East Providence, Rhode Island under operating leases. Under these agreements, the Company is obligated to pay annual rent, real estate taxes, and certain other operating expenses. The Company also leases equipment under operating leases. The Company’s operating leases expire at various dates through 2026.

On January 1, 2019, the Company adopted ASU 2016-02 which modified the accounting for leases and required that all leases be recorded on the consolidated balance sheets as assets and liabilities. The Company adopted this standard using the modified retrospective transition approach with the effective date as the date of initial application. The Company also elected the package of practical expedients under the new standard, which permitted the Company to not reassess prior conclusions about lease identification, lease classification, and initial direct costs. In addition, the Company elected the short-term lease recognition exemption under which the Company will not recognize ROU assets or lease liabilities for all leases that qualify. The Company also elected the practical expedient to not separate non-lease components from the associated lease components for all of its equipment leases.

The Company determines if an arrangement is a lease at inception. ROU assets represent the Company’s right to use an underlying asset for the lease term and lease liabilities represent the Company’s payment obligations under the lease. Operating lease ROU assets and liabilities are recognized based on the present value of lease payments over the lease term. To measure its lease liabilities, the Company uses its incremental borrowing rate or the rate implicit in the lease, if available. The Company calculates its incremental borrowing rate using a synthetic credit rating analysis based on Moody’s Building Materials Industry Rating Methodology. ROU assets also include any direct costs and prepaid lease payments but exclude any lease incentives received. The Company’s lease term may include options to extend or terminate the lease when it is reasonably certain that the Company will exercise that option. Lease expense for lease payments is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term.

The Company elected the short-term lease recognition exemption for all leases that qualify. For leases that qualify for this exemption, the Company does not recognize ROU assets or lease liabilities. For lease agreements with lease and non-lease components, the Company accounts for each component separately. However, in the case of equipment leases, the Company accounts for lease and non-lease components as a single component.

Upon adoption of ASU 2016-02 on January 1, 2019, the Company recognized operating lease liabilities of approximately $6.0 million with corresponding ROU assets of approximately $4.6 million. Additionally, the Company derecognized deferred rent liabilities of $1.4 million. Maturities of operating lease liabilities at December 31, 2020 are as follows:

Year	Operating Leases
	(In thousands)
2021		1,359
2022		1,249
2023		1,193
2024		684
2025		517
Thereafter		532
Total lease payments		5,534
Less imputed interest		(891	)
Total lease liabilities	$	4,643

The Company incurred operating lease costs of $1.4 million and $1.5 million during the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively. Cash payments related to operating lease liabilities were $1.5 million and $1.4 million during the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively. At December 31, 2020, the weighted average remaining lease term for operating leases was 4.6 years. At December 31, 2020, the weighted average discount rate for operating leases was 7.8%.

As of December 31, 2020, the Company has additional operating equipment leases that will commence during 2021 with total lease payments of $0.2 million and a weighted average lease term of 4.0 years.

Commitments and Contingencies

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2020

Commitments And Contingencies Disclosure [Abstract]

Commitments and Contingencies

(11) Commitments and Contingencies

Thermal Barrier Contract

The Company is party to a contract with a major U.S. automotive original equipment manufacturer (OEM) to supply fabricated, multi-part thermal barriers (Barriers) for use in the battery system of its next-generation electric vehicles (Contract). Pursuant to the Contract, the Company is obligated to supply Barriers at fixed annual prices and at volumes to be specified by the OEM up to a daily maximum quantity through the term of the agreement, which expires on September 1, 2026. While the OEM has agreed to purchase its requirement for Barriers at locations to be designated from time to time from the Company, it has no obligation to purchase any minimum quantity of Barriers under the Contract. In addition, the OEM may terminate the Contract any time and for any or no reason. All other terms of the Contract are generally consistent with the OEM’s standard purchase terms, including customary quality and warranty provisions.

BASF Supply Agreement

The Company is party to a supply agreement, as amended, with BASF Polyurethanes GmbH (BASF) (the Supply Agreement) and a joint development agreement with BASF SE (the JDA). Pursuant to the Supply Agreement, the Company will sell exclusively to BASF certain of the Company’s products at annual volumes to be specified by BASF, subject to certain volume limits. However, BASF has no obligation to purchase products under the Supply Agreement. The Supply Agreement will terminate on December 31, 2027 with respect to the Company’s Spaceloft A2 product and December 31, 2028 with respect to a new product developed under the JDA. Upon the expiration of the Supply Agreement with respect to each product, the Company will be subject to a post-termination supply commitment for an additional two years. The JDA is designed to facilitate collaboration by the parties on the development and commercialization of new products.

In addition, BASF, in its sole discretion, may make prepayments to the Company in the aggregate amount of up to $22.0 million during the term of the Supply Agreement. These prepayment obligations are secured by a security interest in real estate, plant and equipment at the Company’s Rhode Island facility and a license to certain intellectual property. BASF made a prepayment in the amount of $5.0 million to the Company in 2018 (the 2018 Prepayment). As of January 1, 2019, 25.3% of any amounts that the Company invoices for Spaceloft A2 sold to BASF are credited against the outstanding balance of the 2018 prepayment. If any of the 2018 Prepayment remains uncredited as of December 31, 2021, BASF may require that the Company repay the uncredited amount to BASF beginning in 2022.

Pursuant to the first addendum to the Supply Agreement, on January 30, 2019, BASF made an additional prepayment in the amount of $5.0 million to the Company (the 2019 Prepayment). As of January 1, 2020, 50.0% % of any amounts that the Company invoices for the newly developed product sold to BASF are credited against the outstanding balance of the 2019 Prepayment. After December 31, 2022, BASF may require that the Company credit an additional 24.7% of any amounts invoiced by the Company for Spaceloft A2 product sold to BASF against the outstanding balance of the 2019 Prepayment, if any, or may require that the Company repay the uncredited amount of the 2019 Prepayment to BASF in full.

As of December 31, 2020, the Company had received $10.0 million in prepayments from BASF and applied approximately $0.2 million of credits against amounts invoiced. The prepayments are recorded on the balance sheet as a prepayment liability, net of the current portion of $0.3 million and $0.2 million at December 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively, which is included within deferred revenue. The amounts and terms of additional prepayment installments, if any, are subject to negotiation between the Company and BASF.

Letters of Credit

The Company has provided certain customers with letters of credit securing obligations under commercial contracts. The Company had letters of credit outstanding of $1.4 million and $0.9 million at December 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively. These letters of credit are secured by the Company’s revolving credit facility (see note 7).

Operating Leases

During 2016, the Company entered into an agreement to extend its lease of approximately 51,650 square feet of office space in Northborough, Massachusetts. The lease commenced on January 1, 2017 and will expire on December 31, 2026. The annual base rent associated with the lease was $408,000 during 2017 and is increasing by approximately 3% annually for the term of the lease. The lease also requires the payment by the Company of its pro rata share of real estate taxes and certain other expenses. Prior to the expiration of the lease, the Company will have the right to extend the lease for an additional term of three years.

Under the terms of the lease extension, the landlord provided the Company with an allowance of $1.2 million to be utilized for improvements to the leased premises. These amounts were considered a lease incentive and were excluded from the Company’s ROU assets upon its adoption of ASU 2016-02 on January 1, 2019 (see note 10). At December 31, 2020 and 2019, the Company had capitalized $1.2 million in associated leasehold improvement costs.

The Company also leases facilities and equipment under operating leases expiring at various dates through 2026. Under these agreements, the Company is obligated to pay annual rent, real estate taxes, and certain operating expenses. See note 10 for further information on future minimum lease payments under operating leases at December 31, 2020.

The Company incurred rent expense under all operating leases of approximately $1.4 million, $1.5 million and $1.5 million in the years ended December 31, 2020, 2019 and 2018, respectively.

Federal, State and Local Environmental Regulations

The Company is subject to federal, state and local laws and regulations relating to the environment. These laws generally provide for control of pollutants released into the environment and require responsible parties to undertake remediation. Penalties may be imposed for noncompliance.

During the year ended 2020, the Company was in technical discussions with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) in connection with the EPA’s notice of potential violation and opportunity to confer that the Company received regarding the applicability of certain Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) provisions to certain aspects of its manufacturing unit operations. The EPA notice was in connection with the EPA’s RCRA Compliance Evaluation Inspection of the Company’s East Providence, Rhode Island manufacturing facility in May 2019. Subsequent to these initial discussions, the Company received notice from the EPA that there were no violations with respect to its manufacturing unit operations.

Litigation

The Company is, from time to time, a party to litigation that arises in the normal course of its business operations. See Part I, Item 3 (“Legal Proceedings”) of this Annual Report on Form 10-K for a description of certain of the Company’s current legal proceedings. The Company is not presently a party to any litigation for which it believes a loss is probable requiring an amount to be accrued or a possible loss contingency requiring disclosure.

Stockholders' Equity

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2020

Equity [Abstract]

Stockholders' Equity

(12) Stockholders’ Equity

At December 31, 2020 and 2019, the Company was authorized to issue 130,000,000 shares of stock, of which 125,000,000 shares were designated as common stock and 5,000,000 shares were designated as preferred stock.

Employee Benefit Plan

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2020

Postemployment Benefits [Abstract]

Employee Benefit Plan

(13) Employee Benefit Plan

The Company sponsors the Aspen Aerogels, Inc. 401(k) Plan. Under the terms of the plan, the Company’s employees may contribute a percentage of their pretax earnings. During each of the years ended December 31, 2020, 2019 and 2018, the Company provided matching contributions of $0.2 million.

Employee Stock Ownership Plans

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2020

Disclosure Of Compensation Related Costs Sharebased Payments [Abstract]

Employee Stock Ownership Plans

(14) Employee Stock Ownership Plans

Effective June 12, 2014, the Company adopted the 2014 Employee, Director and Consultant Equity Incentive Plan (the 2014 Equity Plan). Under the 2014 Equity Plan, the Company may grant incentive stock options (ISOs), non-qualified stock options (NSOs), restricted stock, restricted stock units (RSUs) and other stock-based awards. Stock options under the plan are to be granted with an exercise price not less than the fair market value of the Company’s common stock at the date of grant. Equity awards granted to employees generally vest over a service period of three to four years. Restricted stock and stock options granted to nonemployee directors generally vest over a one-year service period.

During 2020, the Company granted 165,430 RSUs with a grant date fair value of $1.3 million and NSOs to purchase 659,655 shares of common stock with a grant date fair value of $2.8 million to employees under the 2014 Equity Plan. The RSUs and NSOs granted to employees will vest over a three-year period.

During the year ended December 31, 2020, the Company also granted 45,066 shares of restricted common stock with a grant date fair value of $0.3 million and NSOs to purchase 58,902 shares of common stock with a grant date fair value of $0.2 million to its non-employee directors under the 2014 Equity Plan. The restricted common stock and NSOs granted to non-employee directors will vest upon the earlier of the date that is the one-year anniversary of the grant or the day prior to the Company’s annual meeting of stockholders to be held in 2021.

On December 11, 2015, the Company issued certain equity grants to its chief executive officer which included 78,125 shares of restricted stock, NSOs to purchase 84,745 shares of common stock vesting solely over three years and NSOs to purchase 370,181 shares of common stock vesting subject to certain common stock price target achievements, as defined, over a three to five-year period (the CEO Options). Collectively, these equity grants had an aggregate fair value of $2.0 million at the time of grant. The restricted stock award will vest based on achievement of a Company financial performance target for fiscal year 2020.

On August 2, 2017, the Company modified the performance target for the year ending December 31, 2020 with respect to 78,125 shares of restricted stock held by its chief executive officer. In addition, the Company modified the vesting conditions of NSOs to purchase 131,578 and 122,324 shares of common stock held by its chief executive officer to extend the time period to achieve certain common stock price targets by an additional year to four and five years from the date of grant, respectively.

The Company accounted for the extension of the time periods for the achievement of the common stock price target vesting conditions of the NSOs as modifications in determining the stock-based compensation expense to be recognized over the remaining service period. The total incremental compensation expense resulting from the modification was $0.1 million. The incremental compensation expense associated with these awards will be recognized over the remaining service period of the awards.

On November 7, 2018, the Company modified the vesting conditions of the CEO Options such that in the event of a change in control, all the outstanding NSOs would vest, regardless of whether or not the common stock price target vesting conditions of the NSOs are achieved. The total incremental compensation expense resulting from the modification was approximately $0.1 million which will be recognized over the remaining term of the options.

On December 10, 2020, the Company modified the vesting conditions of NSOs to purchase 116,279 of common stock held by its chief executive officer to extend the time period to achieve the common stock price target. The Company accounted for the extension of the time period for the achievement of the common stock price target vesting condition of the NSOs as a modification and recognized $1.1 million of incremental stock compensation expense during the year ended December 31, 2020.

Stock-based compensation is included in cost of sales or operating expenses, as applicable, and consists of the following:

	Year Ended December 31,
	2020		2019		2018
	(In thousands)
Cost of product revenue	$	598	$	573	$	577
Research and development expenses		652		506		461
Sales and marketing expenses		704		629		815
General and administrative expenses		3,050		2,063		2,449
Total stock-based compensation	$	5,004	$	3,771	$	4,302

At December 31, 2020, 4,298,422 shares of common stock were reserved for issuance upon the exercise or vesting of outstanding stock-based awards granted under the 2014 Equity Plan. In addition, at December 31, 2020, 81,593 shares of common stock were reserved for issuance upon the exercise of outstanding options granted under the Company’s 2001 Equity Incentive Plan, as amended (the 2001 Equity Plan). Any cancellations or forfeitures of the options outstanding under the 2001 Equity Plan will result in the shares reserved for issuance upon exercise or such options becoming available for grant under the 2014 Equity Plan. At December 31, 2020, the Company has either reserved in connection with statutory tax withholdings or issued a total of 2,789,478 shares under the 2014 Equity Plan. At December 31, 2020, there were 805,487 shares available for future grant under the 2014 Equity Plan.

Stock Options Valuation and Amortization Method

The fair value of each stock option is estimated as of the date of grant using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model. Key inputs into this formula included expected term, expected volatility, expected dividend yield and the risk-free rate. Each assumption is set forth and discussed below.

The Company used a Monte Carlo Simulation model to estimate the original grant date fair value of the CEO Options as well as the 2017 and 2018 modifications. The simulation model was based on the Black-Scholes option-pricing model and a number of complex assumptions including (i) whether the vesting condition is satisfied within the time-vesting periods, and (ii) the date the common stock price target is met per the terms of the agreement.

For stock options with a service condition, the fair value is amortized on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period of the options, which is generally a three-year vesting period from the date of grant.

Expected Term

The expected term represents the period that the Company’s stock-based awards are expected to be outstanding. The Company does not have sufficient historical exercise data to provide a reasonable basis upon which to estimate the expected term. Accordingly, the Company uses the simplified method to calculate the expected term for options granted.

Expected Volatility

Due to the Company’s limited historical data, the Company has used an estimated volatility based on the historical volatility of comparable companies with publicly available share prices. In 2020, 2019 and 2018, the expected volatility is primarily based on the weighted average volatility of up to 17 companies with business, financial and market attributes that the Company believes are similar to its own. The Company expects to have sufficient historical share price data for future awards.

Expected Dividend

The Company uses an expected dividend yield of zero. The Company does not intend to pay cash dividends on its common stock in the foreseeable future, nor has it paid dividends on its common stock in the past.

Risk-free Interest Rate

The Company uses a risk-free interest rate based on U.S. Treasury zero-coupon issues with a remaining term equal to the expected life assumed at the date of grant.

Estimated Forfeitures

The Company records the impact of forfeitures of service-based awards under the provisions of ASU 2016-09 at the time an award is forfeited.

Assumptions Utilized

The following information relates to the fair value of the option awards estimated by use of the Black-Scholes option-pricing model:

	Year Ended December 31,
	2020			2019			2018
Weighted average assumptions:
Expected term (in years)		5.96			5.81			5.93
Expected volatility		52.27	%		49.90	%		47.68	%
Risk free rate		1.08	%		2.44	%		2.76	%
Expected dividend yield		0.00	%		0.00	%		0.00	%
Weighted average fair value:
Grant-date fair value of options granted	$	4.15		$	1.90		$	2.29
Grant-date fair value of options vested	$	2.44		$	2.24		$	3.29
Aggregate intrinsic value of options exercised	$	1,987,654		$	—		$	—

During 2020, the Company estimated the fair value of the modified NSOs to purchase 116,279 of common stock held by its chief executive officer by use of the Black-Scholes option-pricing model assuming an expected term of 2.5 years, an expected volatility of 67.23%, a risk-free rate of 0.17% and an expected dividend yield of zero.

Outstanding Options

The following table summarizes information about stock options outstanding:

	Number of Shares			Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value Per Share		Weighted Average Exercise Price Per Share		Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Term (Years)		Aggregate Intrinsic Value
	($ in thousands, except share and per share data)
Options outstanding at December 31, 2019		3,547,434		$	5.36	$	8.13		6.74	$	7,908,311
Granted		718,557		$	4.15	$	8.38
Forfeited		(100,931	)	$	9.40	$	13.32
Expired		(16	)	$	5,033.64	$	10,260.63
Exercised		(460,600	)	$	2.85	$	5.78			$	1,987,654
Options outstanding at December 31, 2020		3,704,444		$	5.33	$	8.28		6.48	$	36,830,172
Exercisable at December 31, 2020		2,473,684		$	6.39	$	9.01		5.41	$	24,226,000
Expected to vest at December 31, 2020		1,230,760		$	3.19	$	6.45		2.00	$	12,604,172

As of December 31, 2020, total unrecognized compensation cost related to non-vested service-based options granted under the 2014 Equity Plan was $2.6 million. The unrecognized compensation cost for the service-based options is expected to be recognized over a weighted average period of 2.00 years.

Restricted Stock Awards and Restricted Stock Units

The Company values restricted stock awards and RSUs based on the closing price of our shares on the date of grant. RSUs have time-based vesting conditions and typically vest over three or four years. Restricted stock awards issued to nonemployee directors generally vest in full one year from the date of grant.

Information related to grants of RSUs during 2020 is as follows:

	Restricted Stock Units			Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value
Balance at December 31, 2019		1,083,000		$	4.01
Granted		165,430			8.00
Vested		(497,844	)		4.10
Forfeited		(75,014	)		4.47
Balance at December 31, 2020		675,572		$	4.88

Restricted stock awards granted during 2020 are considered issued and outstanding common stock and are excluded from the table above. As of December 31, 2020 there were 123,191 shares of restricted stock outstanding.

The total intrinsic value of restricted stock and RSUs that vested in 2020 and 2019 was $4.0 million and $1.5 million, respectively. As of December 31, 2020, 720,638 of the total shares of restricted stock and RSUs outstanding will vest upon the fulfillment of service conditions.

As of December 31, 2020, total unrecognized compensation cost related to restricted stock awards of $0.1 million, and RSUs of $1.8 million is expected to be recognized over a weighted average period of 0.46 years and 1.60 years respectively.

CARES Act Payroll Tax Deferral

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2020

Other Liabilities Disclosure [Abstract]

CARES Act Payroll Tax Deferral

(15) CARES Act Payroll Tax Deferral

The Company elected to defer approximately $0.9 million of its employer payroll tax obligation for the period from March 27, 2020 to December 31, 2020 pursuant to the provisions of the CARES Act. The Company is required to remit 50 percent of the deferred tax balance as of December 31, 2020 on or before December 31, 2021 and the remaining 50 percent on or before December 31, 2022.

Other long-term liabilities consist of the following:

	December 31,
	2020
	(In thousands)
Deferred employer payroll tax obligation	$	870
Current portion of deferred payroll tax obligation		(436	)
Other long-term liabilities	$	434

Net Loss Per Share

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2020

Earnings Per Share [Abstract]

Net Loss Per Share

(16) Net Loss Per Share

The computation of basic and diluted net loss per share consists of the following:

	Year ended December 31,
	2020			2019			2018
	(In thousands, except share and per share data)
Numerator:
Net loss	$	(21,809	)	$	(14,565	)	$	(34,440	)
Denominator:
Weighted average shares outstanding, basic and diluted		26,377,652			24,099,438			23,738,852

Net loss per share, basic and diluted	$	(0.83	)	$	(0.60	)	$	(1.45	)

On February 18, 2020, the Company completed an underwritten public offering of 1,955,000 shares of its common stock at an offering price of $8.25 per share. The Company also completed the sale of 714,357 shares at an average price of $13.96 per share through its at-the-market offering between November 11, 2020 and December 31, 2020.

Potentially dilutive common shares that were excluded from the computation of diluted net loss per share because they were anti-dilutive consist of the following:

	Year ended December 31,
	2020		2019		2018
Common stock options		3,704,444		3,547,434		2,994,452
Restricted common stock units		675,572		1,083,000		875,227
Restricted common stock awards		123,191		128,453		136,187
Total		4,503,207		4,758,887		4,005,866

In the table above, anti-dilutive shares consist of those common stock equivalents that have (i) an exercise price above the average stock price for the period or (ii) related average unrecognized stock compensation expense sufficient to buy back the entire amount of shares. The Company excludes the shares issued in connection with restricted stock awards from the calculation of basic weighted average common shares outstanding until the restrictions lapse.

For each of the years ended December 31, 2020, 2019 and 2018, there was no dilutive impact of the common stock options, RSUs, and restricted stock awards.

Income Taxes

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2020

Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]

Income Taxes

(17) Income Taxes

The Company incurred net operating losses and recorded a full valuation allowance against net deferred assets for all periods presented. Accordingly, the Company has not recorded a provision for federal or state income taxes.

The reconciliation between the U.S. statutory income tax rate and the Company’s effective rate consists of the following:

	Year Ended December 31,
	2020			2019			2018
U.S. federal income tax statutory rate		21	%		21	%		21	%
Permanent differences		2	%		(2	)%		0	%
State tax, net of federal benefit		4	%		0	%		2	%
Changes in valuation allowance for deferred tax assets		(26	)%		(18	)%		(22	)%
Stock-based compensation		(1	)%		(1	)%		—	%
Expiring net operating losses		(1	)%		—	%		0	%
Other		1	%		0	%		(1	)%
Effective tax rate		—			—			—

The tax effects of temporary differences between financial statement and tax accounting that gave rise to significant portions of the Company’s deferred tax assets and deferred tax liabilities at December 31, 2020 and 2019 are presented below:

	December 31,
	2020			2019
	(In thousands)
Deferred tax assets:
Net operating loss carryforwards	$	58,120		$	53,859
Stock-based compensation		5,345			5,261
Operating lease liabilities		1,179			1,356
Tax credit carryforwards		289			289
Reserves and accruals		687			423
Interest expense limitation		297			235
Total gross deferred tax assets		65,917			61,423
Deferred tax liabilities:
Depreciation		(2,948	)		(3,883	)
Operating lease right-of-use assets		(883	)		(1,025	)
Total deferred tax liabilities		(3,831	)		(4,908	)
Total deferred tax assets and liabilities		62,086			56,515
Valuation allowance		(62,086	)		(56,515	)
Net deferred tax asset	$	—		$	—

The CARES Act made several changes to the Internal Revenue Code. The changes include, but are not limited to, increasing the limitation on the amount of deductible interest expense, allowing companies to carryback certain net operating losses and increasing the amount of net operating loss carryforwards that corporations can use to offset taxable income. The tax law changes in the CARES Act did not have a material impact on the Company’s income tax provision.

The net change in the valuation allowance for the year ended December 31, 2020, was an increase of $5.6 million. The Company has recorded a full valuation allowance against its deferred tax assets due to the uncertainty associated with the utilization of the net operating loss carryforwards and other future deductible items. In assessing the realizability of deferred tax assets, the Company considers all available evidence, historical and prospective, with greater weight given to historical evidence, in determining whether it is more likely than not that some portion or all of the deferred tax assets will not be realized. The ultimate realization of the Company’s deferred tax assets generally is dependent upon generation of future taxable income.

At December 31, 2020, the Company had $250.6 million of net operating losses available to offset future federal income, if any, of which $194.6 million expire on various dates through December 31, 2037. Net operating losses of $56.0 million generated during the three years ended December 31, 2020 have an unlimited carryforward.

At December 31, 2020, the Company has $90.1 million of apportioned net operating losses available to offset future state taxable income, if any, and which begin to expire at various dates between 2021 and 2040.

For each of the years ended December 31, 2020, 2019, and 2018, the Company did not have any material unrecognized tax benefits and thus no interest and penalties related to unrecognized tax benefits were recorded. In addition, the Company does not expect that the amount of unrecognized tax benefits will change significantly within the next twelve months.

The Company files a federal income tax return in the United States and income tax returns in various state and foreign jurisdictions. All tax years are open for examination by the taxing authorities for both federal and state purposes.

- Definition

The entire disclosure for income taxes. Disclosures may include net deferred tax liability or asset recognized in an enterprise's statement of financial position, net change during the year in the total valuation allowance, approximate tax effect of each type of temporary difference and carryforward that gives rise to a significant portion of deferred tax liabilities and deferred tax assets, utilization of a tax carryback, and tax uncertainties information.

+ References + Details

Subsequent Events

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2020

Subsequent Events [Abstract]

Subsequent Events

(18) Subsequent Events

The Company has evaluated subsequent events through March 12, 2021, the date of issuance of the consolidated financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2020.

During the period from January 1, 2021 to March 9, 2021, the Company issued 277,489 shares of its common stock at an average price of $20.92 per share through its at-the-market offering and received net proceeds of $5.6 million after deducting commissions of $0.2 million.

On March 12, 2021, the Company’s revolving credit facility with Silicon Valley Bank was amended and restated to extend the maturity date of the revolving credit facility to April 28, 2022. Pursuant to the amendment, the Company is permitted to borrow a maximum of $20.0 million, subject to continued covenant compliance and borrowing base requirements. The interest rate applicable to borrowings under the revolving credit facility is based on the prime rate, subject to a minimum rate of 4.00% per annum. Prime rate-based rates vary from prime rate plus 0.75% per annum to prime rate plus 2.00% per annum. In addition, the Company is required to pay a monthly unused revolving line facility fee of 0.50% per annum of the average unused portion of the revolving credit facility. The credit facility has also been amended to establish certain minimum Adjusted EBITDA and minimum Adjusted Quick Ratio covenants, as defined.

Quarterly Results of Operations

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2020

Quarterly Financial Information Disclosure [Abstract]

Quarterly Results of Operations

QUARTERLY RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

	Three Months Ended
	March 31,			June 30,			Sept 30,			Dec 31,
	(in thousands, except per share data)
	(unaudited)
2020
Total revenue	$	28,419		$	24,641		$	24,195		$	23,018
Gross profit		5,980			2,851			1,900			3,863
Loss from operations		(3,086	)		(5,648	)		(6,704	)		(6,131	)
Net loss		(3,169	)		(5,698	)		(6,753	)		(6,189	)
Net loss per share basic and diluted common share - basic	$	(0.13	)	$	(0.21	)	$	(0.25	)	$	(0.23	)
2019
Total revenue	$	27,912		$	29,533		$	35,425		$	46,505
Gross profit		3,718			3,514			7,742			11,310
Loss from operations		(5,961	)		(5,215	)		(2,153	)		(830	)
Net loss		(6,002	)		(5,318	)		(2,289	)		(956	)
Net loss per share basic and diluted common share - basic	$	(0.25	)	$	(0.22	)	$	(0.09	)	$	(0.04	)

Valuation and Qualifying Accounts

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2020

Valuation And Qualifying Accounts [Abstract]

Valuation and Qualifying Accounts

Schedule II

VALUATION AND QUALIFYING ACCOUNTS

(in thousands)

Description	Balance at Beginning of Year		Charges to Costs and Expenses (a)		Recoveries of Costs and Expenses (b)			Deductions to Allowances for Uncollectible Accounts (c)			Charges to (Deductions from) Other Accounts (d)			Balance at End of Year
Year Ended December 31, 2020:
Allowances for uncollectible accounts and sales returns and allowances	$	144		325		—			—			(27	)	$	442
Year Ended December 31, 2019:
Allowances for uncollectible accounts and sales returns and allowances	$	2,877		—		(228	)		(2,552	)		47		$	144
Year Ended December 31, 2018:
Allowances for uncollectible accounts and sales returns and allowances	$	93		2,961		(39	)		(142	)		4		$	2,877

(a)	Represents allowances for uncollectible accounts established through general and administrative expenses.

(b)	Represents recoveries of allowances for uncollectible accounts established through general and administrative expenses.

(c)	Represents actual write-offs of uncollectible accounts.

(d)	Represents net change in allowances for sales returns, recorded as contra-revenue.

Description of Business (Policies)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2020

Accounting Policies [Abstract]

Nature of Business

Aspen Aerogels, Inc. (the Company) is an aerogel technology company that designs, develops and manufactures innovative, high-performance aerogel insulation used primarily in the energy infrastructure and building materials markets. In addition, the Company is developing high value applications for its aerogel technology in the electric vehicle market. The Company also conducts research related to aerogel technology supported by funding from several agencies of the U.S. government and other institutions in the form of research contracts. The Company has decided to cease efforts to secure additional funded research contracts and to wind down existing contract research activities.

The Company maintains its corporate offices in Northborough, Massachusetts. The Company has three wholly owned subsidiaries: Aspen Aerogels Rhode Island, LLC, Aspen Aerogels Germany, GmbH and Aspen Aerogels Georgia, LLC.

On June 18, 2014, the Company completed the initial public offering (IPO) of its common stock.

Liquidity

During the year ended December 31, 2020, the Company incurred a net loss of $21.8 million and used $9.9 million of cash in operations. On February 18, 2020, the Company received net proceeds of $14.8 million upon the completion of an underwritten public offering of the Company’s common stock. On May 4, 2020, Aspen Aerogels Rhode Island, LLC received loan proceeds of $3.7 million upon the execution of a promissory note pursuant to the Paycheck Protection Program (PPP) established by the Coronavirus Aid, Relief and Economic Security Act (CARES Act) and administered by the U.S. Small Business Administration (SBA) (see note 8). During November and December 2020, the Company received net proceeds of $9.5 million through an at-the-market offering of the Company’s stock. The Company had cash and cash equivalents of $16.5 million, total debt of $3.7 million and no outstanding borrowings under its revolving line of credit as of December 31, 2020 (see note 7). After giving effect to the $1.4 million of outstanding letters of credit, the amount available to the Company at December 31, 2020 under the revolving line of credit was $5.4 million. The existing revolving line of credit matures on April 28, 2022.

The Company is increasing investment in the research and development of next-generation aerogel products and manufacturing process technologies. The Company is continuing to develop aerogel products and technologies for the electric vehicle market. The commercial potential for the Company’s technology in the electric vehicle market is significant and could require the Company to hire additional personnel, incur additional operating expenses, and incur capital expenditures to expand aerogel manufacturing capacity, build an automated fabrication operation, and construct a battery materials facility, among other items.

The Company expects its existing cash balance and the amount anticipated to be available under the existing revolving line of credit will be sufficient to support current operating requirements and research and development activities. However, the Company plans to supplement its cash balance and available credit with debt financings, customer prepayments, technology licensing fees or equity financings to provide the capital necessary to fund the evolving commercial opportunity in the electric vehicle market and other strategic business opportunities.

Principles of Consolidation

The accompanying consolidated financial statements, which have been prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (U.S. GAAP), include the accounts of the Company and its wholly owned subsidiaries. All intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.

Use of Estimates

The preparation of the consolidated financial statements requires the Company to make a number of estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities at the date of the consolidated financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Significant items subject to such estimates and assumptions include allowances for doubtful accounts, sales returns and allowances, product warranty costs, inventory valuation, the carrying amount of property and equipment, stock-based compensation and deferred income taxes. The Company evaluates its estimates and assumptions on an on-going basis using historical experience and other factors, including current economic conditions, which are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances. Management adjusts such estimates and assumptions when facts and circumstances warrant. Illiquid credit markets, volatile equity markets and declines in business investment can increase the uncertainty inherent in such estimates and assumptions. As future events and their effects cannot be determined with precision, actual results could differ significantly from these estimates. Changes in these estimates resulting from continuing changes in the economic environment will be reflected in the financial statements in future periods.

Cash and Cash Equivalents

Cash equivalents include short-term, highly liquid instruments, which consist of money market accounts. All cash and cash equivalents are maintained with major financial institutions in North America. Deposits with these financial institutions may exceed the amount of insurance provided on such deposits; however, these deposits typically may be redeemed upon demand and, therefore, bear minimal risk.

Concentration of Credit Risk

Financial instruments, which potentially expose the Company to concentrations of credit risk, consist principally of accounts receivable. The Company’s customers are primarily insulation distributors, insulation contractors, insulation fabricators and select end-users located throughout the world. The Company performs ongoing credit evaluations of its customers’ financial condition and generally requires no collateral to secure accounts receivable. The Company maintains an allowance for doubtful accounts based on its assessment of the collectability of accounts receivable. The Company reviews the allowance for doubtful accounts quarterly. During the year ended December 31, 2020, the Company recorded a charge for estimated customer uncollectible accounts receivable of $0.3 million. During the year ended December 31, 2019, the Company did not record any charges for uncollectible accounts receivable. During the year ended December 31, 2018, the Company recorded a charge for uncollectible accounts receivable of $2.9 million related to four customers of which one customer accounted for $2.8 million. During the year ended December 31, 2019, the Company received collections of $0.3 million from this customer. The Company subsequently determined that collection of the remaining unpaid accounts receivable from this customer of $2.6 million was unlikely due to the customer’s filing of judicial reorganization under Brazilian laws. Therefore, the Company recorded a write-off of the accounts receivable and the corresponding allowance for doubtful accounts. During 2020, the Company established an estimated reserve for uncollectible accounts receivable for $0.3 million. Allowance for doubtful accounts was $0.3 million and zero at December 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively. The Company does not have any off-balance-sheet credit exposure related to its customers.

For the year ended December 31, 2020, two customers represented 21% and 15% of total revenue, respectively. For the year ended December 31, 2019, two customers represented 20% and 13% of total revenue, respectively. For the year ended December 31, 2018, one customer represented 20% of total revenue

At December 31, 2020, the Company had one customer which accounted for 26% of accounts receivable. At December 31, 2019, the Company had two customers that accounted for 19% and 16% of accounts receivable, respectively.

Inventories

Inventory consists of finished products and raw materials. Inventories are carried at lower of cost, determined using the first-in, first-out (FIFO) method, and net realizable value. Cost includes materials, labor and manufacturing overhead. Manufacturing overhead is allocated to the costs of conversion based on normal capacity of the Company’s production facility. Abnormal freight, handling costs and material waste is expensed in the period it occurs.

The Company periodically reviews its inventories and makes provisions as necessary for estimated excess, obsolete or damaged goods to ensure values approximate the lower of cost and net realizable value. The amount of any such provision is equal to the difference between the cost of inventory and the estimated net realizable value based upon assumptions about future demand, selling prices and market conditions.

Property, Plant and Equipment, Net

Property, plant and equipment are stated at cost. Expenditures for maintenance and repairs are charged to expense as incurred. Expenditures for major betterments are capitalized as additions to property, plant and equipment.

Depreciation on plant and equipment is calculated on the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the assets. Assets related to leasehold improvements are amortized on a straight-line basis over the shorter of the lease term or estimated useful life of the asset.

Assets utilized in the Company’s operations that are taken out of service with no future use are charged to cost of revenue or operating expenses, depending on the department in which the asset was utilized. Impairments of construction in progress are charged to operating expenses upon the determination of no future use.

Other Assets

Other assets primarily include long-term deposits.

Impairment of Long-Lived Assets

Long-lived assets are reviewed for impairment when events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset or asset group may not be recoverable. Recognition and measurement of a potential impairment is performed on assets grouped with other assets and liabilities at the lowest level where identifiable cash flows are largely independent of the cash flows of other assets and liabilities. Recoverability of assets to be held and used is measured by a comparison of the carrying amount of an asset or asset group to future undiscounted net cash flows expected to be generated by the asset or asset group. If the carrying amount of an asset or asset group exceeds its estimated undiscounted future cash flows, an impairment charge is recognized for the amount by which the carrying amount of the asset or asset group exceeds the fair value of the asset or asset group. Fair value is determined through various valuation techniques including discounted cash flow models, quoted market values and third-party independent appraisals, as considered necessary.

During 2016, the Company completed the design and engineering for a second manufacturing facility to be located in Statesboro, Georgia. At that time, the Company elected to delay construction of the facility due to its assessment of future demand. In December 2018, the Company determined that due to its cumulative manufacturing process advancements since 2016 and expected additional improvements in the near future, it would not use the existing design and engineering to construct a second facility in any location. Accordingly, the Company determined that the design and engineering costs were not recoverable and recorded an impairment charge of $7.4 million on construction in progress assets during 2018.

Leases

On January 1, 2019, the Company adopted Accounting Standards Update (ASU) 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842). See note 10 for further details.

Revenue Recognition

The Company recognizes revenue in accordance with Accounting Standards Codification 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (ASC 606). See note 3 for further details.

Warranty

The Company provides warranties for its products and records the estimated cost within cost of revenue in the period that the related revenue is recorded. The Company’s standard warranty period extends to one year from the date of shipment. This standard warranty provides that the Company’s products will be free from defects in material and workmanship, and will, under normal use, conform to the specifications for the product.

The Company’s products may be utilized in systems that involve new technical demands and new configurations. Accordingly, the Company regularly reviews and assesses whether warranty reserves should be recorded in the period the related revenue is recorded. For an initial shipment of product for use in a system with new technical demands or new configurations and where the

Company is unsure of meeting the customer’s specifications, the Company will defer the recognition of product revenue and related costs until written customer acceptance is obtained.

The Company did not record any warranty expense during the years ended December 31, 2020, 2019 and 2018.

Shipping and Handling Costs

Shipping and handling costs are classified as a component of cost of revenue. Customer payments of shipping and handling costs are recorded as product revenue.

Stock-based Compensation

The Company grants share-based awards to its employees and non-employee directors. All share-based awards granted, including grants of stock options, restricted stock and restricted stock units (RSUs), are recognized in the statement of operations based on their fair value as of the date of grant. Expense is recognized on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period for all awards with service conditions. For performance-based awards, the grant date fair value is recognized as expense when the condition is probable of being achieved, and then on a graded basis over the requisite service period. The Company uses the Black-Scholes option-pricing model to determine the fair value of service-based option awards. The Black-Scholes model requires the use of a number of complex and subjective assumptions including fair value of the underlying security, the expected volatility of the underlying security, a risk-free interest rate and the expected term of the option.

The fair value of restricted stock and RSUs is determined using the closing price of the Company’s common stock on the date of grant. All shares of restricted stock are not transferable until vested. Restricted stock is typically issued to non-employee directors and typically vests over a one-year period from the date of issuance. RSUs are issued to employees and typically vest over a three-year period from the date of issuance. The fair value of restricted stock and RSUs upon which vesting is solely service-based is expensed ratably over the vesting period. If the service condition for shares of restricted stock is not met for any reason, the shares of unvested restricted stock will be forfeited and returned to the Company.

For stock options that contain a market condition, the Company uses the Monte-Carlo simulation option-pricing model to determine the fair value of the awards. In addition to the input assumptions used in the Black-Scholes model, the Monte-Carlo simulation option-pricing model factors the probability that the specific market condition may or may not be satisfied into the valuation. Stock-based compensation expense for awards with a market condition is recognized on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period for each such award.

Pursuant to the “evergreen” provisions of the 2014 Employee, Director and Consultant Equity Incentive Plan, the number of shares of common stock authorized for issuance under the plan automatically increased by 486,050 shares to 7,974,980 shares effective January 1, 2020.

Research and Development

Costs incurred in the Company’s research and development activities include compensation and related costs, services provided by third-party contractors, materials and supplies and are classified as research and development expenses as incurred. Research and development costs directly associated with research services revenue are classified as research services in cost of revenue.

Earnings per Share

The Company calculates net loss per common share based on the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding during each period. Potential common stock equivalents are determined using the treasury stock method. The weighted-average number of common shares included in the computation of diluted net income (loss) gives effect to all potentially dilutive common equivalent shares, including outstanding stock options and RSUs. Common equivalent shares are excluded from the computation of diluted net loss per share if their effect is antidilutive.

Income Taxes

Income taxes are accounted for under the asset and liability method. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the future tax consequences attributable to differences between the financial statement carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax bases and operating loss and tax credit carryforwards. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using

enacted tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in the years in which those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled. The effect on deferred tax assets and liabilities of a change in tax rates is recognized in income in the period that includes the enactment date.

The Company recognizes the effect of income tax positions only if those positions are more likely than not of being sustained. The Company accounts for uncertain tax positions using a recognition threshold and measurement attribute for the financial statement recognition and measurement of a tax position taken or expected to be taken in a tax return. Differences between tax positions taken in a tax return and amounts recognized in the financial statements are recorded as adjustments to income taxes payable or receivable, or adjustments to deferred taxes, or both. Changes in recognition or measurement are reflected in the period in which the change in judgment occurs. The Company recognizes penalties and interest related to uncertain tax positions, if any, as a component of income tax expense.

Segments

Operating segments are identified as components of an enterprise about which separate, discrete financial information is available for evaluation by the chief operating decision maker in making decisions on how to allocate resources and assess performance. The Company’s chief operating decision maker is the Chief Executive Officer. The Company’s chief operating decision maker reviews consolidated operating results to make decisions about allocating resources and assessing performance for the entire Company. The Company presently views its operations and manages its business as one operating segment.

Information about the Company’s total revenues, based on shipment destination or services location, is presented in the following table:

	Year Ended December 31,
	2020		2019		2018
	(In thousands)
Revenue:
U.S.	$	44,842	$	58,328	$	41,733
International		55,431		81,047		62,628
Total revenue	$	100,273	$	139,375	$	104,361

Recently Issued Accounting Standards

From time to time, new accounting pronouncements are issued by the Financial Accounting Standards Board or other standard setting bodies. Recently issued standards typically do not require adoption until a future effective date. Prior to their effective date, the Company evaluates the pronouncements to determine the potential effects of adoption to its consolidated financial statements.

Standards Implemented Since December 31, 2019

The Company has not implemented any accounting standards that had a material impact on its consolidated financial statements during the year ended December 31, 2020.

Standards to be Implemented After December 31, 2020

The Company believes that the impact of recently issued accounting standards that are not yet effective will not have a material impact on its consolidated financial statements.

Summary of Basis of Presentation and Significant Accounting Policies (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2020

Accounting Policies [Abstract]

Schedule of Revenues, Based on Shipment Destination or Research Services Location

Information about the Company’s total revenues, based on shipment destination or services location, is presented in the following table:

	Year Ended December 31,
	2020		2019		2018
	(In thousands)
Revenue:
U.S.	$	44,842	$	58,328	$	41,733
International		55,431		81,047		62,628
Total revenue	$	100,273	$	139,375	$	104,361

Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2020

Revenue From Contract With Customer [Abstract]

Summary of Revenue Disaggregated by Geographical Region and Source of Revenue

In the following tables, revenue is disaggregated by primary geographical region and source of revenue:

	December 31, 2020
	U.S.		International		Total
	(In thousands)
Geographical region
Asia	$	—	$	38,403	$	38,403
Canada		—		986		986
Europe		—		13,881		13,881
Latin America		—		2,161		2,161
U.S.		44,842		—		44,842
Total revenue	$	44,842	$	55,431	$	100,273

Source of revenue
Product revenue	$	42,416	$	47,678	$	90,094
Subsea projects		1,987		7,753		9,740
Research services		439		—		439
Total revenue	$	44,842	$	55,431	$	100,273

	December 31, 2019
	U.S.		International		Total
	(In thousands)
Geographical region
Asia	$	—	$	44,485	$	44,485
Canada		—		9,064		9,064
Europe		—		24,081		24,081
Latin America		—		3,417		3,417
U.S.		58,328		—		58,328
Total revenue	$	58,328	$	81,047	$	139,375

Source of revenue
Product revenue	$	52,050	$	67,856	$	119,906
Subsea projects		3,837		13,191		17,028
Research services		2,441		—		2,441
Total revenue	$	58,328	$	81,047	$	139,375

	December 31, 2018
	U.S.		International		Total
	(In thousands)
Geographical region
Asia	$	—	$	34,597	$	34,597
Canada		—		4,749		4,749
Europe		—		19,905		19,905
Latin America		—		3,377		3,377
U.S.		41,733		—		41,733
Total revenue	$	41,733	$	62,628	$	104,361

Source of revenue
Product revenue	$	39,490	$	54,487	$	93,977
Subsea projects		5		8,141		8,146
Research services		2,238		—		2,238
Total revenue	$	41,733	$	62,628	$	104,361

Summary of Changes in Contract Assets and Contract Liabilities

The following table presents changes in the Company’s contract assets and contract liabilities during the year ended December 31, 2020:

	Balance at December 31, 2019		Additions		Deductions			Balance at December 31, 2020
	(In thousands)
Contract assets
Subsea projects	$	2,811	$	9,424	$	(10,865	)	$	1,370
Research services		172		207		(312	)		67
Total contract assets	$	2,983	$	9,631	$	(11,177	)	$	1,437
Contract liabilities
Deferred revenue
Product revenue	$	4,991	$	1,162	$	(4,294	)	$	1,859
Subsea projects		491		4,835		(5,148	)		178
Research services		138		94		(232	)		—
Prepayment liability		9,786		—		(231	)		9,555
Total contract liabilities	$	15,406	$	6,091	$	(9,905	)	$	11,592

Inventories (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2020

Inventory Disclosure [Abstract]

Schedule of Inventories

Inventories consist of the following:

	December 31,
	2020		2019
	(In thousands)
Raw material	$	4,068	$	4,334
Finished goods		9,031		4,434
Total	$	13,099	$	8,768

Property, Plant and Equipment, Net (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2020

Property Plant And Equipment [Abstract]

Summary of Property, Plant and Equipment

Property, plant and equipment consist of the following:

	December 31,
	2020			2019			Useful life
	(In thousands)
Construction in progress	$	1,906		$	1,309		—
Buildings		24,016			24,016		30 years
Machinery and equipment		124,807			122,485		3 — 10 years
Computer equipment and software		8,850			8,556		3 years
Total		159,579			156,366
Accumulated depreciation and amortization		(112,840	)		(102,749	)
Property, plant and equipment, net	$	46,739		$	53,617

Accrued Expenses (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2020

Payables And Accruals [Abstract]

Schedule of Accrued Expenses

Accrued expenses consist of the following:

	December 31,
	2020		2019
	(In thousands)
Employee compensation	$	2,587	$	6,472
Other accrued expenses		1,297		1,585
Total	$	3,884	$	8,057

Debt (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2020

Debt Disclosure [Abstract]

Schedule of Long-term Debt

Long-term debt consists of the following:

	December 31,			December 31,
	2020			2019
	(In thousands)
Long-term debt, principal	$	3,686		$	—
Current portion of long-term debt		(1,609	)		—
Debt issuance costs, net of accumulated amortization		(18	)		—
Long-term debt	$	2,059		$	—

Schedule of Required Principal Payments Remaining on Long-term Debt Outstanding

The schedule of required principal payments remaining on long-term debt outstanding as of December 31, 2020 is as follows:

Year	Principal Payments
	(In thousands)
2021		1,609
2022		2,077
Total principal payments	$	3,686

- Definition

Tabular disclosure of long-debt instruments or arrangements, including identification, terms, features, collateral requirements and other information necessary to a fair presentation. These are debt arrangements that originally required repayment more than twelve months after issuance or greater than the normal operating cycle of the entity, if longer.

+ References

Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 210
-SubTopic 10
-Section S99
-Paragraph 1
-Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02.22)
-URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=120391452&loc=d3e13212-122682

Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 835
-SubTopic 30
-Section 45
-Paragraph 1A
-URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=119993939&loc=d3e28541-108399

Reference 3: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 505
-SubTopic 10
-Section 50
-Paragraph 6
-URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=109259400&loc=d3e21506-112644

Reference 4: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 235
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-Section S99
-Paragraph 1
-Subparagraph (SX 210.4-08.(e),(f))
-URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=120395691&loc=d3e23780-122690

Reference 5: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 835
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-Section 45
-Paragraph 2
-URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=119993939&loc=d3e28551-108399

Reference 6: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef
-Publisher FASB
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-Topic 505
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-URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=109259400&loc=d3e21521-112644

Reference 7: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 505
-SubTopic 10
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-Paragraph 8
-URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=109259400&loc=d3e21538-112644

Reference 8: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 942
-SubTopic 470
-Section 50
-Paragraph 3
-URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=75038535&loc=d3e64711-112823

Reference 9: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 835
-SubTopic 30
-Section 55
-Paragraph 8
-URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=114775985&loc=d3e28878-108400

Reference 10: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 505
-SubTopic 10
-Section 50
-Paragraph 3
-URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=109259400&loc=d3e21475-112644

+ Details

Leases (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2020

Leases [Abstract]

Summary of Maturities of Operating Lease Liabilities

Maturities of operating lease liabilities at December 31, 2020 are as follows:

Year	Operating Leases
	(In thousands)
2021		1,359
2022		1,249
2023		1,193
2024		684
2025		517
Thereafter		532
Total lease payments		5,534
Less imputed interest		(891	)
Total lease liabilities	$	4,643

Employee Stock Ownership Plans (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2020

Disclosure Of Compensation Related Costs Sharebased Payments [Abstract]

Summary of Stock Based Compensation Included in Cost of Sales or Operating Expenses

Stock-based compensation is included in cost of sales or operating expenses, as applicable, and consists of the following:

	Year Ended December 31,
	2020		2019		2018
	(In thousands)
Cost of product revenue	$	598	$	573	$	577
Research and development expenses		652		506		461
Sales and marketing expenses		704		629		815
General and administrative expenses		3,050		2,063		2,449
Total stock-based compensation	$	5,004	$	3,771	$	4,302

Summary of Fair Value of Option Awards Estimated by Use of Black-Scholes Option Pricing Model

The following information relates to the fair value of the option awards estimated by use of the Black-Scholes option-pricing model:

	Year Ended December 31,
	2020			2019			2018
Weighted average assumptions:
Expected term (in years)		5.96			5.81			5.93
Expected volatility		52.27	%		49.90	%		47.68	%
Risk free rate		1.08	%		2.44	%		2.76	%
Expected dividend yield		0.00	%		0.00	%		0.00	%
Weighted average fair value:
Grant-date fair value of options granted	$	4.15		$	1.90		$	2.29
Grant-date fair value of options vested	$	2.44		$	2.24		$	3.29
Aggregate intrinsic value of options exercised	$	1,987,654		$	—		$	—

Summary of Stock Option Outstanding

The following table summarizes information about stock options outstanding:

	Number of Shares			Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value Per Share		Weighted Average Exercise Price Per Share		Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Term (Years)		Aggregate Intrinsic Value
	($ in thousands, except share and per share data)
Options outstanding at December 31, 2019		3,547,434		$	5.36	$	8.13		6.74	$	7,908,311
Granted		718,557		$	4.15	$	8.38
Forfeited		(100,931	)	$	9.40	$	13.32
Expired		(16	)	$	5,033.64	$	10,260.63
Exercised		(460,600	)	$	2.85	$	5.78			$	1,987,654
Options outstanding at December 31, 2020		3,704,444		$	5.33	$	8.28		6.48	$	36,830,172
Exercisable at December 31, 2020		2,473,684		$	6.39	$	9.01		5.41	$	24,226,000
Expected to vest at December 31, 2020		1,230,760		$	3.19	$	6.45		2.00	$	12,604,172

Summary of Grants of RSUs

Information related to grants of RSUs during 2020 is as follows:

	Restricted Stock Units			Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value
Balance at December 31, 2019		1,083,000		$	4.01
Granted		165,430			8.00
Vested		(497,844	)		4.10
Forfeited		(75,014	)		4.47
Balance at December 31, 2020		675,572		$	4.88

CARES Act Payroll Tax Deferral (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2020

Other Liabilities Disclosure [Abstract]

Summary of Other Long-term Liabilities

Other long-term liabilities consist of the following:

	December 31,
	2020
	(In thousands)
Deferred employer payroll tax obligation	$	870
Current portion of deferred payroll tax obligation		(436	)
Other long-term liabilities	$	434

Net Loss Per Share (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2020

Earnings Per Share [Abstract]

Computation of Basic and Diluted Net Loss Per Share

The computation of basic and diluted net loss per share consists of the following:

	Year ended December 31,
	2020			2019			2018
	(In thousands, except share and per share data)
Numerator:
Net loss	$	(21,809	)	$	(14,565	)	$	(34,440	)
Denominator:
Weighted average shares outstanding, basic and diluted		26,377,652			24,099,438			23,738,852

Net loss per share, basic and diluted	$	(0.83	)	$	(0.60	)	$	(1.45	)

Summary of Potentially Dilutive Common Shares Excluded from Computation of Diluted Net Loss Per Share

Potentially dilutive common shares that were excluded from the computation of diluted net loss per share because they were anti-dilutive consist of the following:

	Year ended December 31,
	2020		2019		2018
Common stock options		3,704,444		3,547,434		2,994,452
Restricted common stock units		675,572		1,083,000		875,227
Restricted common stock awards		123,191		128,453		136,187
Total		4,503,207		4,758,887		4,005,866

Income Taxes (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2020

Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]

Schedule of Reconciliation Between U.S. Statutory Income Tax Rate and Company's Effective Rate

The reconciliation between the U.S. statutory income tax rate and the Company’s effective rate consists of the following:

	Year Ended December 31,
	2020			2019			2018
U.S. federal income tax statutory rate		21	%		21	%		21	%
Permanent differences		2	%		(2	)%		0	%
State tax, net of federal benefit		4	%		0	%		2	%
Changes in valuation allowance for deferred tax assets		(26	)%		(18	)%		(22	)%
Stock-based compensation		(1	)%		(1	)%		—	%
Expiring net operating losses		(1	)%		—	%		0	%
Other		1	%		0	%		(1	)%
Effective tax rate		—			—			—

Schedule of Deferred Tax Assets and Deferred Tax Liabilities

The tax effects of temporary differences between financial statement and tax accounting that gave rise to significant portions of the Company’s deferred tax assets and deferred tax liabilities at December 31, 2020 and 2019 are presented below:

	December 31,
	2020			2019
	(In thousands)
Deferred tax assets:
Net operating loss carryforwards	$	58,120		$	53,859
Stock-based compensation		5,345			5,261
Operating lease liabilities		1,179			1,356
Tax credit carryforwards		289			289
Reserves and accruals		687			423
Interest expense limitation		297			235
Total gross deferred tax assets		65,917			61,423
Deferred tax liabilities:
Depreciation		(2,948	)		(3,883	)
Operating lease right-of-use assets		(883	)		(1,025	)
Total deferred tax liabilities		(3,831	)		(4,908	)
Total deferred tax assets and liabilities		62,086			56,515
Valuation allowance		(62,086	)		(56,515	)
Net deferred tax asset	$	—		$	—

Quarterly Results of Operations (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2020

Quarterly Financial Information Disclosure [Abstract]

Summary of Quarterly Financial Information

QUARTERLY RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

	Three Months Ended
	March 31,			June 30,			Sept 30,			Dec 31,
	(in thousands, except per share data)
	(unaudited)
2020
Total revenue	$	28,419		$	24,641		$	24,195		$	23,018
Gross profit		5,980			2,851			1,900			3,863
Loss from operations		(3,086	)		(5,648	)		(6,704	)		(6,131	)
Net loss		(3,169	)		(5,698	)		(6,753	)		(6,189	)
Net loss per share basic and diluted common share - basic	$	(0.13	)	$	(0.21	)	$	(0.25	)	$	(0.23	)
2019
Total revenue	$	27,912		$	29,533		$	35,425		$	46,505
Gross profit		3,718			3,514			7,742			11,310
Loss from operations		(5,961	)		(5,215	)		(2,153	)		(830	)
Net loss		(6,002	)		(5,318	)		(2,289	)		(956	)
Net loss per share basic and diluted common share - basic	$	(0.25	)	$	(0.22	)	$	(0.09	)	$	(0.04	)

Description of Business - Additional Information (Detail)			1 Months Ended		3 Months Ended								12 Months Ended
	May 04, 2020 USD ($)	Feb. 18, 2020 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2020 USD ($)	Nov. 30, 2020 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2020 USD ($)	Sep. 30, 2020 USD ($)	Jun. 30, 2020 USD ($)	Mar. 31, 2020 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2019 USD ($)	Sep. 30, 2019 USD ($)	Jun. 30, 2019 USD ($)	Mar. 31, 2019 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2020 USD ($) Subsidiary	Dec. 31, 2019 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2018 USD ($)
Basis Of Presentation [Line Items]
Number of Subsidiaries \| Subsidiary													3
Net loss incurred					$ 6,189,000	$ 6,753,000	$ 5,698,000	$ 3,169,000	$ 956,000	$ 2,289,000	$ 5,318,000	$ 6,002,000	$ 21,809,000	$ 14,565,000	$ 34,440,000
Cash used in operations													9,924,000	1,054,000	$ 8,654,000
Cash and cash equivalents			$ 16,496,000		16,496,000				3,633,000				16,496,000	3,633,000
Outstanding borrowings under revolving line of credit									$ 3,123,000					$ 3,123,000
Total debt			3,700,000		3,700,000								3,700,000
Underwritten Public Offering [Member]
Basis Of Presentation [Line Items]
Proceeds from offering, net		$ 14,800,000											15,036,000
At The Market Offering [Member]
Basis Of Presentation [Line Items]
Proceeds from offering, net			9,500,000	$ 9,500,000									9,673,000
Aspen Aerogels Rhode Island, LLC [Member] \| Paycheck Protection Program Loan [Member]
Basis Of Presentation [Line Items]
Loan proceeds received upon execution of a promissory note	$ 3,700,000
Revolving Credit Facility [Member]
Basis Of Presentation [Line Items]
Outstanding borrowings under revolving line of credit			0		0								0
Amount available under revolving line of credit			5,400,000		5,400,000								$ 5,400,000
Existing maturity date													Apr. 28, 2022
Letters of credit outstanding			$ 1,400,000		$ 1,400,000								$ 1,400,000

Summary of Basis of Presentation and Significant Accounting Policies - Additional Information (Detail)		12 Months Ended
	Jan. 01, 2020 shares	Dec. 31, 2020 USD ($) Customer Segment	Dec. 31, 2019 USD ($) Customer	Dec. 31, 2018 USD ($) Customer
Summary Of Significant Accounting Policies [Line Items]
Charge for uncollectible accounts receivable		$ 325,000	$ 0	$ 2,922,000
Allowance for doubtful accounts		300,000	0
Write-off of accounts receivable			2,600,000
Collections received from customer			300,000
Reserve for uncollectible accounts receivable		$ 300,000
Impairment charge				7,356,000
Standard product warranty period		1 year
Warranty expense		$ 0	$ 0	0
Number of segment \| Segment		1
2014 Equity Plan [Member] \| Restricted Common Stock [Member]
Summary Of Significant Accounting Policies [Line Items]
Stock-based award vesting period		3 years
2014 Equity Plan [Member] \| Restricted Stock Units [Member]
Summary Of Significant Accounting Policies [Line Items]
Stock-based award vesting period		3 years
2014 Equity Plan [Member] \| Non-Employee Directors [Member] \| Restricted Common Stock [Member]
Summary Of Significant Accounting Policies [Line Items]
Stock-based award vesting period		1 year
2014 Employee Director and Consultant Equity Incentive Plan [Member]
Summary Of Significant Accounting Policies [Line Items]
Authorized for issuance, number of shares increased by \| shares	486,050
Increased number of shares authorized for grant \| shares	7,974,980
Construction in Progress [Member] \| Statesboro, Georgia [Member]
Summary Of Significant Accounting Policies [Line Items]
Impairment charge				$ 7,400,000
Total Revenue [Member]
Summary Of Significant Accounting Policies [Line Items]
Number of customers \| Customer		2	2	1
Accounts Receivable [Member]
Summary Of Significant Accounting Policies [Line Items]
Number of customers \| Customer		1	2
Customer Concentration Risk [Member]
Summary Of Significant Accounting Policies [Line Items]
Number of customers with charge for uncollectible accounts receivable \| Customer				4
Customer One [Member] \| Customer Concentration Risk [Member]
Summary Of Significant Accounting Policies [Line Items]
Charge for uncollectible accounts receivable				$ 2,800,000
Customer One [Member] \| Customer Concentration Risk [Member] \| Total Revenue [Member]
Summary Of Significant Accounting Policies [Line Items]
Concentration risk, percentage		21.00%	20.00%	20.00%
Customer One [Member] \| Customer Concentration Risk [Member] \| Accounts Receivable [Member]
Summary Of Significant Accounting Policies [Line Items]
Concentration risk, percentage		26.00%	19.00%
Customer Two [Member] \| Customer Concentration Risk [Member] \| Total Revenue [Member]
Summary Of Significant Accounting Policies [Line Items]
Concentration risk, percentage		15.00%	13.00%
Customer Two [Member] \| Customer Concentration Risk [Member] \| Accounts Receivable [Member]
Summary Of Significant Accounting Policies [Line Items]
Concentration risk, percentage			16.00%

Summary of Basis of Presentation and Significant Accounting Policies - Schedule of Revenues, Based on Shipment Destination or Research Services Location (Detail) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended								12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2020	Sep. 30, 2020	Jun. 30, 2020	Mar. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019	Sep. 30, 2019	Jun. 30, 2019	Mar. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Total revenue	$ 23,018	$ 24,195	$ 24,641	$ 28,419	$ 46,505	$ 35,425	$ 29,533	$ 27,912	$ 100,273	$ 139,375	$ 104,361
U.S. [Member]
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Total revenue									44,842	58,328	41,733
International [Member]
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Total revenue									$ 55,431	$ 81,047	$ 62,628

- Definition

Amount, excluding tax collected from customer, of revenue from satisfaction of performance obligation by transferring promised good or service to customer. Tax collected from customer is tax assessed by governmental authority that is both imposed on and concurrent with specific revenue-producing transaction, including, but not limited to, sales, use, value added and excise.

+ References

Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 280
-SubTopic 10
-Section 50
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Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
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-Name Accounting Standards Codification
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Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
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-Name Accounting Standards Codification
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Reference 7: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
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-Name Accounting Standards Codification
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-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 924
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-Paragraph 1
-Subparagraph (SAB Topic 11.L)
-URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=6472922&loc=d3e499488-122856

+ Details

Revenue from Contracts with Customers - Additional Information (Details) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended								12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2020 USD ($)	Sep. 30, 2020 USD ($)	Jun. 30, 2020 USD ($)	Mar. 31, 2020 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2019 USD ($)	Sep. 30, 2019 USD ($)	Jun. 30, 2019 USD ($)	Mar. 31, 2019 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2020 USD ($) Agreement	Dec. 31, 2019 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2018 USD ($)
Revenue Recognition [Line Items]
Revenue	$ 23,018	$ 24,195	$ 24,641	$ 28,419	$ 46,505	$ 35,425	$ 29,533	$ 27,912	$ 100,273	$ 139,375	$ 104,361
Deferred revenue, revenue recognized									4,600
Maximum [Member]
Revenue Recognition [Line Items]
Sales return reserves	$ 100				$ 100				$ 100	100
Product Revenue [Member]
Revenue Recognition [Line Items]
Number of performance obligations \| Agreement									1
Revenue									$ 90,094	119,906	93,977
Subsea Projects [Member]
Revenue Recognition [Line Items]
Revenue									$ 9,740	17,028	8,146
Research Services [Member]
Revenue Recognition [Line Items]
Number of performance obligations \| Agreement									1
Revenue									$ 439	$ 2,441	$ 2,238

- Definition

Amount, excluding tax collected from customer, of revenue from satisfaction of performance obligation by transferring promised good or service to customer. Tax collected from customer is tax assessed by governmental authority that is both imposed on and concurrent with specific revenue-producing transaction, including, but not limited to, sales, use, value added and excise.

+ References

Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 280
-SubTopic 10
-Section 50
-Paragraph 30
-Subparagraph (a)
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-Name Accounting Standards Codification
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-URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=121604090&loc=SL49130545-203045

Reference 11: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 924
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-Section S99
-Paragraph 1
-Subparagraph (SAB Topic 11.L)
-URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=6472922&loc=d3e499488-122856

+ Details

Revenue from Contracts with Customers - Summary of Revenue Disaggregated by Geographical Region and Source of Revenue (Detail) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended								12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2020	Sep. 30, 2020	Jun. 30, 2020	Mar. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019	Sep. 30, 2019	Jun. 30, 2019	Mar. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018
Disaggregation Of Revenue [Line Items]
Total revenue	$ 23,018	$ 24,195	$ 24,641	$ 28,419	$ 46,505	$ 35,425	$ 29,533	$ 27,912	$ 100,273	$ 139,375	$ 104,361
Product Revenue [Member]
Disaggregation Of Revenue [Line Items]
Total revenue									90,094	119,906	93,977
Research Services [Member]
Disaggregation Of Revenue [Line Items]
Total revenue									439	2,441	2,238
Subsea Projects [Member]
Disaggregation Of Revenue [Line Items]
Total revenue									9,740	17,028	8,146
Asia [Member]
Disaggregation Of Revenue [Line Items]
Total revenue									38,403	44,485	34,597
Canada [Member]
Disaggregation Of Revenue [Line Items]
Total revenue									986	9,064	4,749
Europe [Member]
Disaggregation Of Revenue [Line Items]
Total revenue									13,881	24,081	19,905
U.S. [Member]
Disaggregation Of Revenue [Line Items]
Total revenue									44,842	58,328	41,733
U.S. [Member] \| Product Revenue [Member]
Disaggregation Of Revenue [Line Items]
Total revenue									42,416	52,050	39,490
U.S. [Member] \| Research Services [Member]
Disaggregation Of Revenue [Line Items]
Total revenue									439	2,441	2,238
U.S. [Member] \| Subsea Projects [Member]
Disaggregation Of Revenue [Line Items]
Total revenue									1,987	3,837	5
International [Member]
Disaggregation Of Revenue [Line Items]
Total revenue									55,431	81,047	62,628
International [Member] \| Product Revenue [Member]
Disaggregation Of Revenue [Line Items]
Total revenue									47,678	67,856	54,487
International [Member] \| Subsea Projects [Member]
Disaggregation Of Revenue [Line Items]
Total revenue									7,753	13,191	8,141
Latin America [Member]
Disaggregation Of Revenue [Line Items]
Total revenue									$ 2,161	$ 3,417	$ 3,377

Revenue from Contracts with Customers - Summary of Changes in Contract Assets and Contract Liabilities (Detail) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2020 USD ($)
Contract assets
Beginning Balance	$ 2,983
Additions	9,631
Deductions	(11,177)
Ending Balance	1,437
Contract liabilities
Beginning Balance	15,406
Additions	6,091
Deductions	(9,905)
Ending Balance	11,592
Subsea Projects [Member]
Contract assets
Beginning Balance	2,811
Additions	9,424
Deductions	(10,865)
Ending Balance	1,370
Contract liabilities
Beginning Balance	491
Additions	4,835
Deductions	(5,148)
Ending Balance	178
Research Services [Member]
Contract assets
Beginning Balance	172
Additions	207
Deductions	(312)
Ending Balance	67
Contract liabilities
Beginning Balance	138
Additions	94
Deductions	(232)
Product Revenue [Member]
Contract liabilities
Beginning Balance	4,991
Additions	1,162
Deductions	(4,294)
Ending Balance	1,859
Prepayment Liability [Member]
Contract liabilities
Beginning Balance	9,786
Deductions	(231)
Ending Balance	$ 9,555

Inventories - Schedule of Inventories (Detail) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019
Inventory Disclosure [Abstract]
Raw material	$ 4,068	$ 4,334
Finished goods	9,031	4,434
Total	$ 13,099	$ 8,768

Property, Plant and Equipment, Net - Summary of Property, Plant and Equipment (Detail) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019
Property Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Property, plant and equipment, gross	$ 159,579	$ 156,366
Accumulated depreciation and amortization	(112,840)	(102,749)
Property, plant and equipment, net	46,739	53,617
Construction in Progress [Member]
Property Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Property, plant and equipment, gross	1,906	1,309
Buildings [Member]
Property Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Property, plant and equipment, gross	$ 24,016	24,016
Property, plant and equipment, Useful life	30 years
Machinery and Equipment [Member]
Property Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Property, plant and equipment, gross	$ 124,807	122,485
Machinery and Equipment [Member] \| Minimum [Member]
Property Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Property, plant and equipment, Useful life	3 years
Machinery and Equipment [Member] \| Maximum [Member]
Property Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Property, plant and equipment, Useful life	10 years
Computer Equipment and Software [Member]
Property Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Property, plant and equipment, gross	$ 8,850	$ 8,556
Property, plant and equipment, Useful life	3 years

Property, Plant and Equipment, Net - Additional Information (Detail) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018
Property Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Depreciation	$ 10,198	$ 10,213	$ 10,787
Property, plant and equipment, gross	159,579	156,366
Construction in Progress [Member]
Property Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Property, plant and equipment, gross	1,906	1,309
Rhode Island [Member] \| Construction in Progress [Member]
Property Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Property, plant and equipment, gross	$ 1,900	$ 1,300

Accrued Expenses - Schedule of Accrued Expenses (Detail) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019
Accrued Liabilities Current [Abstract]
Employee compensation	$ 2,587	$ 6,472
Other accrued expenses	1,297	1,585
Total	$ 3,884	$ 8,057

Revolving Line of Credit - Additional Information (Detail) - USD ($)			12 Months Ended
	Mar. 12, 2021	Mar. 03, 2020	Dec. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019
Line of Credit Facility [Line Items]
Line of credit facility amount withdrawn				$ 3,123,000
Revolving Credit Facility [Member]
Line of Credit Facility [Line Items]
Extended maturity date			Apr. 28, 2022
Line of credit facility amount withdrawn			$ 0
Letters of credit outstanding			1,400,000
Available borrowing capacity			$ 5,400,000
Silicon Valley Bank Credit Facility [Member] \| Revolving Credit Facility [Member]
Line of Credit Facility [Line Items]
Interest rate description			The interest rate applicable to borrowings under the revolving credit facility is based on the prime rate, subject to a minimum rate of 4.00% per annum. Prime rate-based rates vary from prime rate plus 0.75% per annum to prime rate plus 2.00% per annum.
Silicon Valley Bank Credit Facility [Member] \| Loan Agreement [Member]
Line of Credit Facility [Line Items]
Maximum increased borrowing amount		$ 20,000,000.0
Interest rate description			The interest rate applicable to borrowings under the revolving credit facility is based on prime rate, subject to a minimum rate of 4.00% per annum. Prime rate-based rates vary from prime rate plus 0.75% per annum to prime rate plus 2.00% per annum.
Percentage of unused portion of facility, monthly fee		0.50%
Silicon Valley Bank Credit Facility [Member] \| Loan Agreement [Member] \| Minimum [Member]
Line of Credit Facility [Line Items]
Revolving credit facility, interest rate		4.00%
Silicon Valley Bank Credit Facility [Member] \| Loan Agreement [Member] \| Prime Rate [Member] \| Minimum [Member]
Line of Credit Facility [Line Items]
Additional interest rate per annum		0.75%
Silicon Valley Bank Credit Facility [Member] \| Loan Agreement [Member] \| Prime Rate [Member] \| Maximum [Member]
Line of Credit Facility [Line Items]
Additional interest rate per annum		2.00%
Silicon Valley Bank Credit Facility [Member] \| Loan Agreement [Member] \| Revolving Credit Facility [Member]
Line of Credit Facility [Line Items]
Extended maturity date		Apr. 28, 2021
Line of credit facility amount withdrawn			$ 0	3,100,000
Repaid under line of credit			22,600,000
Borrowed under line of credit			19,400,000
Letters of credit outstanding			1,400,000	$ 900,000
Available borrowing capacity			$ 5,400,000
Silicon Valley Bank Credit Facility [Member] \| Subsequent Event [Member] \| Revolving Credit Facility [Member]
Line of Credit Facility [Line Items]
Extended maturity date	Apr. 28, 2022
Maximum increased borrowing amount	$ 20,000,000.0
Percentage of unused portion of facility, monthly fee	0.50%
Silicon Valley Bank Credit Facility [Member] \| Subsequent Event [Member] \| Revolving Credit Facility [Member] \| Prime Rate [Member] \| Minimum [Member]
Line of Credit Facility [Line Items]
Additional interest rate per annum	0.75%
Silicon Valley Bank Credit Facility [Member] \| Subsequent Event [Member] \| Revolving Credit Facility [Member] \| Prime Rate [Member] \| Maximum [Member]
Line of Credit Facility [Line Items]
Additional interest rate per annum	2.00%
Silicon Valley Bank Credit Facility [Member] \| Subsequent Event [Member] \| Loan Agreement [Member] \| Revolving Credit Facility [Member]
Line of Credit Facility [Line Items]
Extended maturity date	Apr. 28, 2022

Debt - Additional Information (Detail) - Aspen Aerogels Rhode Island, LLC [Member] - Paycheck Protection Program Loan [Member] - USD ($) $ in Millions		12 Months Ended
	May 01, 2020	Dec. 31, 2020
Debt Disclosure [Line Items]
Debt instrument, principal amount	$ 3.7
Debt instrument, interest rate	1.00%
Debt instrument, maturity term	2 years
Debt instrument, maturity description		The PPP Loan carries an interest rate of 1% per year and matures two years from the date of the Note. The PPP Loan indebtedness may be forgiven in whole or in part upon application by the Borrower to the PPP Investor. The PPP Investor will determine to what extent the PPP Loan is eligible for forgiveness, subject to SBA guidelines and other regulations, based on the use of loan proceeds for payroll costs, payment of interest on covered mortgage obligations, rent and utility costs over either an eight-week or 24-week period, at the Borrower’s option, following the Borrower’s receipt of the loan proceeds. Upon the Borrower’s application for forgiveness, the SBA will review the Borrower’s eligibility, use of proceeds and other certifications in connection with the application for the PPP Loan. Upon such review, the SBA may approve or deny the Borrower’s loan forgiveness application, in whole or in part. As of December 31, 2020, the Borrower had not applied for forgiveness. If the Borrower has not applied for forgiveness within ten months from the end of the 24-week period following receipt of the loan proceeds, the Borrower will be required make payments of principal and accrued interest in equal monthly installments over the remaining term of the loan. In addition, the Flexibility Act permits the Borrower and the PPP Investor to mutually agree to extend the term of the PPP Loan to five years from the date of the Note. The Borrower may repay the PPP Loan at any time without penalty.

Debt - Schedule of Long-term Debt (Detail) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2020 USD ($)
Debt Disclosure [Abstract]
Long-term debt, principal	$ 3,686
Current portion of long-term debt	(1,609)
Debt issuance costs, net of accumulated amortization	(18)
Long-term debt	$ 2,059

Debt - Schedule of Required Principal Payments Remaining on Long-term Debt Outstanding (Detail) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2020 USD ($)
Debt Disclosure [Abstract]
Principal Payments, 2021	$ 1,609
Principal Payments, 2022	2,077
Total principal payments	$ 3,686

Interest Expense, Net - Additional Information (Detail) - USD ($) $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018
Interest Income Expense Net [Abstract]
Interest expense, net	$ (0.2)	$ (0.4)	$ (0.5)

Leases - Additional Information (Detail) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018	Jan. 01, 2019
Leases [Abstract]
Operating lease expiry year	2026
Operating lease liabilities	$ 4,643			$ 6,000
ROU assets	3,478	$ 4,032		4,600
Deferred rent credit de-recognized				$ 1,400
Operating lease cost	1,400	1,500	$ 1,500
Cash payments related to operating lease liabilities	$ 1,500	$ 1,400
Operating lease, weighted average remaining lease term	4 years 7 months 6 days
Operating lease, weighted average discount rate, percent	7.80%
Operating lease liability payments not yet commenced	$ 200
Operating lease, weighted average lease not yet commenced, term	4 years

Leases - Summary of Maturities of Operating Lease Liabilities (Detail) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2020	Jan. 01, 2019
Leases [Abstract]
2021	$ 1,359
2022	1,249
2023	1,193
2024	684
2025	517
Thereafter	532
Total lease payments	5,534
Less imputed interest	(891)
Operating lease liabilities	$ 4,643	$ 6,000

Commitments and Contingencies - Additional Information (Detail)				12 Months Ended
	Jan. 01, 2020	Jan. 30, 2019 USD ($)	Jan. 01, 2019	Dec. 31, 2020 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2019 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2018 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2017 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2016 USD ($) ft²
Commitments And Contingencies [Line Items]
Prepayment proceeds under customer supply agreement, net					$ 5,000,000	$ 5,000,000
Leasehold improvement costs capitalized				$ 1,200,000	1,200,000
Rent expense incurred under operating leases				1,400,000	1,500,000	1,500,000
Revolving Credit Facility [Member]
Commitments And Contingencies [Line Items]
Letters of credit outstanding				1,400,000
Silicon Valley Bank Credit Facility [Member] \| Revolving Credit Facility [Member]
Commitments And Contingencies [Line Items]
Letters of credit outstanding				$ 1,400,000	900,000
Landlord [Member] \| Lease Agreement [Member]
Commitments And Contingencies [Line Items]
Number of square feet for lease \| ft²								51,650
Lease end date								Dec. 31, 2026
Lease commence date								Jan. 01, 2017
Lease annual base rent							$ 408,000
Lease increased percentage							3.00%
Lease extended term								3 years
Amount receivables as an aid to construction of improvements of the leased premise								$ 1,200,000
Supply and Joint Development Agreement Amended [Member] \| BASF [Member]
Commitments And Contingencies [Line Items]
Supply agreement termination date				Dec. 31, 2027
Prepayment liability		$ 5,000,000.0				$ 5,000,000.0
Credit limit percentage on prepayment balance	50.00%		25.30%
Prepayment proceeds under customer supply agreement, net				$ 10,000,000.0
Credits against amounts invoiced				200,000
Prepayment liability, net of current portion				300,000	$ 200,000
Supply and Joint Development Agreement Amended [Member] \| BASF [Member] \| After December 31, 2022 [Member]
Commitments And Contingencies [Line Items]
Credit limit percentage on prepayment balance		24.70%
Supply and Joint Development Agreement Amended [Member] \| BASF [Member] \| Maximum [Member]
Commitments And Contingencies [Line Items]
Non-interest bearing prepayments, aggregate amount				$ 22,000,000.0

Stockholders' Equity - Additional Information (Detail) - shares	Dec. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019
Equity [Abstract]
Total number of shares authorized	130,000,000	130,000,000
Common stock, shares authorized	125,000,000	125,000,000
Preferred stock, shares authorized	5,000,000	5,000,000

Employee Benefit Plan - Additional Information (Detail) - USD ($) $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018
Sharebased Compensation Arrangement By Sharebased Payment Award Options Outstanding Weighted Average Exercise Price And Additional Disclosures [Abstract]
Matching contribution during the period	$ 0.2	$ 0.2	$ 0.2

Employee Stock Ownership Plans - Additional Information (Detail) - USD ($) $ in Thousands					12 Months Ended
	Dec. 10, 2020	Nov. 07, 2018	Aug. 02, 2017	Dec. 11, 2015	Dec. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2015
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Stock-based awards granted to purchase common stock					718,557
Aggregate value of restricted stock issuance				$ 2,000
Stock compensation expense					$ 5,004	$ 3,771	$ 4,302
Number of comparable companies for expected volatility					the Company has used an estimated volatility based on the historical volatility of comparable companies with publicly available share prices. In 2020, 2019 and 2018, the expected volatility is primarily based on the weighted average volatility of up to 17 companies with business, financial and market attributes that the Company believes are similar to its own. The Company expects to have sufficient historical share price data for future awards.
Expected dividend yield					0.00%	0.00%	0.00%
Expected term (in years)					5 years 11 months 15 days	5 years 9 months 21 days	5 years 11 months 4 days
Expected volatility					52.27%	49.90%	47.68%
Risk free rate					1.08%	2.44%	2.76%
Chief Executive Officer [Member]
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Number of restricted stock awards modified during the period			78,125
2014 Equity Plan [Member]
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Shares reserved for issuance					4,298,422
Increased number of shares available for future grant					805,487
Number of shares either issued or reserved in connection with statutory tax withholdings					2,789,478
2001 Equity Incentive Plan [Member]
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Shares reserved for issuance					81,593
Restricted Stock Units [Member]
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Unrecognized compensation cost related to non-vested options grants					$ 1,800
Unrecognized compensation cost period for recognition					1 year 7 months 6 days
Shares outstanding					675,572	1,083,000
Restricted Stock Units [Member] \| Non-Employee Directors [Member]
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Stock-based award vesting period					1 year
Restricted Stock Units [Member] \| Chief Executive Officer [Member]
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Issue of stock-based awards				78,125
Restricted Stock Units [Member] \| 2014 Equity Plan [Member]
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Stock-based award vesting period					3 years
Restricted Stock Units [Member] \| 2014 Equity Plan [Member] \| Non-Employee Directors [Member]
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Stock-based award vesting period					1 year
Stock-based awards granted to purchase common stock					45,066
Stock-based awards granted to purchase common stock, grant date fair value					$ 300
Restricted Common Stock [Member]
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Shares outstanding					123,191
Restricted Common Stock [Member] \| 2014 Equity Plan [Member]
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Stock-based award vesting period					3 years
Stock-based awards granted to purchase common stock					165,430
Stock-based awards granted to purchase common stock, grant date fair value					$ 1,300
Restricted Common Stock [Member] \| 2014 Equity Plan [Member] \| Non-Employee Directors [Member]
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Stock-based award vesting period					1 year
Non-Qualified Stock Options [Member]
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Stock-based awards granted to purchase common stock				84,745
Total incremental compensation expense		$ 100	$ 100
Stock compensation expense					$ 1,100
Expected dividend yield					0.00%
Expected term (in years)					2 years 6 months
Expected volatility					67.23%
Risk free rate					0.17%
Non-Qualified Stock Options [Member] \| Common Stock Price Target Achievements Conditions [Member]
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Stock-based awards granted to purchase common stock				370,181
Non-Qualified Stock Options [Member] \| Common Stock Price Target Achievements Conditions, Vesting Four Year Period [Member]
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Stock-based award vesting period			4 years
Number of options with modified vesting term			131,578
Non-Qualified Stock Options [Member] \| Common Stock Price Target Achievements Conditions, Vesting Five Year Period [Member]
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Stock-based award vesting period			5 years
Number of options with modified vesting term			122,324
Non-Qualified Stock Options [Member] \| Chief Executive Officer [Member]
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Stock-based awards granted to purchase common stock					116,279
Number of options with modified vesting term	116,279
Non-Qualified Stock Options [Member] \| 2014 Equity Plan [Member]
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Stock-based award vesting period					3 years
Stock-based awards granted to purchase common stock					659,655
Stock-based awards granted to purchase common stock, grant date fair value					$ 2,800
Non-Qualified Stock Options [Member] \| 2014 Equity Plan [Member] \| Non-Employee Directors [Member]
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Stock-based award vesting period					1 year
Stock-based awards granted to purchase common stock					58,902
Stock-based awards granted to purchase common stock, grant date fair value					$ 200
Service Based Awards [Member] \| 2014 Equity Plan [Member]
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Stock-based award vesting period					3 years
Unrecognized compensation cost related to non-vested options grants					$ 2,600
Unrecognized compensation cost period for recognition					2 years
Restricted Stock and Restricted Stock Units RSU [Member]
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Shares outstanding					720,638
Total intrinsic value								$ 4,000	$ 1,500
Restricted Stock Awards [Member]
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Unrecognized compensation cost related to non-vested options grants					$ 100
Unrecognized compensation cost period for recognition					5 months 15 days
Minimum [Member]
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Stock-based award vesting period				3 years
Minimum [Member] \| Restricted Stock Units [Member]
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Stock-based award vesting period					3 years
Minimum [Member] \| Restricted Stock Units [Member] \| 2014 Equity Plan [Member]
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Stock-based award vesting period					3 years
Minimum [Member] \| Non-Qualified Stock Options [Member]
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Stock-based award vesting period				3 years
Maximum [Member] \| Restricted Stock Units [Member]
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Stock-based award vesting period					4 years
Maximum [Member] \| Restricted Stock Units [Member] \| 2014 Equity Plan [Member]
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Stock-based award vesting period					4 years
Maximum [Member] \| Non-Qualified Stock Options [Member]
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Stock-based award vesting period				5 years

Employee Stock Ownership Plans - Summary of Stock Based Compensation Included in Cost of Sales or Operating Expenses (Detail) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Compensation Cost [Line Items]
Total stock-based compensation	$ 5,004	$ 3,771	$ 4,302
Cost of Product Revenue [Member]
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Compensation Cost [Line Items]
Total stock-based compensation	598	573	577
Research and Development Expenses [Member]
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Compensation Cost [Line Items]
Total stock-based compensation	652	506	461
Sales and Marketing Expenses [Member]
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Compensation Cost [Line Items]
Total stock-based compensation	704	629	815
General and Administrative Expenses [Member]
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Compensation Cost [Line Items]
Total stock-based compensation	$ 3,050	$ 2,063	$ 2,449

Employee Stock Ownership Plans - Summary of Fair Value of Option Awards Estimated by Use of Black-Scholes Option Pricing Model (Detail) - USD ($) $ / shares in Units, $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018
Weighted average assumptions:
Expected term (in years)	5 years 11 months 15 days	5 years 9 months 21 days	5 years 11 months 4 days
Expected volatility	52.27%	49.90%	47.68%
Risk free rate	1.08%	2.44%	2.76%
Expected dividend yield	0.00%	0.00%	0.00%
Weighted average fair value:
Grant-date fair value of options granted	$ 4.15	$ 1.90	$ 2.29
Grant-date fair value of options vested	$ 2.44	$ 2.24	$ 3.29
Aggregate intrinsic value of options exercised	$ 1,987,654

Employee Stock Ownership Plans - Summary of Stock Option Outstanding (Detail) - USD ($) $ / shares in Units, $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018
Disclosure Of Compensation Related Costs Sharebased Payments [Abstract]
Number of Shares, Beginning Balance	3,547,434
Number of Shares, Granted	718,557
Number of Shares, Forfeited	(100,931)
Number of Shares, Expired	(16)
Number of Shares, Exercised	(460,600)
Number of Shares, Ending Balance	3,704,444	3,547,434
Number of Shares, Exercisable at December 31, 2018	2,473,684
Number of Shares, Expected to vest at December 31, 2018	1,230,760
Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value Per Share, Beginning Balance	$ 5.36
Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value Per Share, Granted	4.15	$ 1.90	$ 2.29
Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value Per Share, Forfeited	9.40
Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value Per Share, Expired	5,033.64
Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value Per Share, Exercised	2.85
Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value Per Share, Ending Balance	5.33	5.36
Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value Per Share, Exercisable at December 31, 2018	6.39
Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value Per Share, Expected to vest at December 31, 2018	3.19
Weighted Average Exercise Price Per Share, Beginning Balance	8.13
Weighted Average Exercise Price Per Share, Granted	8.38
Weighted Average Exercise Price Per Share, Forfeited	13.32
Weighted Average Exercise Price Per Share, Expired	10,260.63
Weighted Average Exercise Price Per Share, Exercised	5.78
Weighted Average Exercise Price Per Share, Ending Balance	8.28	$ 8.13
Weighted Average Exercise Price Per Share, Exercisable at December 31, 2018	9.01
Weighted Average Exercise Price Per Share, Expected to vest at December 31, 2018	$ 6.45
Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Term, Outstanding	6 years 5 months 23 days	6 years 8 months 26 days
Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Term, Exercisable at December 31, 2018	5 years 4 months 28 days
Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Term, Expected to vest at December 31, 2018	2 years
Aggregate Intrinsic Value, Beginning Balance	$ 7,908,311
Aggregate Intrinsic Value, Exercised	1,987,654
Aggregate Intrinsic Value, Ending Balance	36,830,172	$ 7,908,311
Aggregate Intrinsic Value, Exercisable at December 31, 2017	24,226,000
Aggregate Intrinsic Value, Expected to vest at December 31, 2018	$ 12,604,172

Employee Stock Ownership Plans - Summary of Grants of RSUs (Detail) - Restricted Stock Units [Member]	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2020 $ / shares shares
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Restricted Stock Units, Beginning Balance \| shares	1,083,000
Restricted Stock Units, Granted \| shares	165,430
Restricted Stock Units, Vested \| shares	(497,844)
Restricted Stock Units, Forfeited \| shares	(75,014)
Restricted Stock Units, Ending Balance \| shares	675,572
Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value, Beginning Balance \| $ / shares	$ 4.01
Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value, Granted \| $ / shares	8.00
Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value, Vested \| $ / shares	4.10
Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value, Forfeited \| $ / shares	4.47
Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value, Ending Balance \| $ / shares	$ 4.88

CARES Act Payroll Tax Deferral - Additional Information (Details) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2020 USD ($)
Other Liabilities Disclosure [Abstract]
Deferred employer payroll tax obligation	$ 870
Employer payroll tax obligation period	March 27, 2020 to December 31, 2020
Percentage of deferred tax balance	50.00%
Remittance date of deferred tax balance	Dec. 31, 2021
Remaining percentage of deferred tax balance	50.00%
Remittance date of deferred tax balance, remaining percentage	Dec. 31, 2022

CARES Act Payroll Tax Deferral - Summary of Other Long-term Liabilities (Details) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2020 USD ($)
Other Liabilities Disclosure [Abstract]
Deferred employer payroll tax obligation	$ 870
Current portion of deferred payroll tax obligation	(436)
Other long-term liabilities	$ 434

Net Loss Per Share - Computation of Basic and Diluted Net Loss Per Share (Detail) - USD ($) $ / shares in Units, $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended								12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2020	Sep. 30, 2020	Jun. 30, 2020	Mar. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019	Sep. 30, 2019	Jun. 30, 2019	Mar. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018
Numerator:
Net loss	$ (6,189)	$ (6,753)	$ (5,698)	$ (3,169)	$ (956)	$ (2,289)	$ (5,318)	$ (6,002)	$ (21,809)	$ (14,565)	$ (34,440)
Denominator:
Weighted average shares outstanding, basic and diluted									26,377,652	24,099,438	23,738,852
Net loss per share, basic and diluted	$ (0.23)	$ (0.25)	$ (0.21)	$ (0.13)	$ (0.04)	$ (0.09)	$ (0.22)	$ (0.25)	$ (0.83)	$ (0.60)	$ (1.45)

- Definition

The portion of profit or loss for the period, net of income taxes, which is attributable to the parent.

+ References

Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
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Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef
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Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
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Reference 4: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef
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Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
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Reference 6: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
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Reference 7: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
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Reference 8: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
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Reference 9: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
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-Name Accounting Standards Codification
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Reference 10: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
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-Name Accounting Standards Codification
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Reference 11: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef
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-Name Accounting Standards Codification
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Reference 12: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef
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-Subparagraph (SX 210.5-03(20))
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Reference 13: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef
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-Name Accounting Standards Codification
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Reference 14: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
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Reference 17: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
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+ Details

Net Loss Per Share - Additional Information (Detail) - $ / shares		2 Months Ended
	Feb. 18, 2020	Dec. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019
Earnings Per Share [Abstract]
Underwritten public offering shares of common stock	1,955,000
Underwritten public offering price of common stock	$ 8.25	$ 0.00001	$ 0.00001
Sale of shares through market offering		714,357
Average price per share of shares during market offering		$ 13.96

Net Loss Per Share - Summary of Potentially Dilutive Common Shares Excluded from Computation of Diluted Net Loss Per Share (Detail) - shares	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018
Antidilutive Securities Excluded from Computation of Earnings Per Share [Line Items]
Anti-dilutive Securities	4,503,207	4,758,887	4,005,866
Common Stock Options [Member]
Antidilutive Securities Excluded from Computation of Earnings Per Share [Line Items]
Anti-dilutive Securities	3,704,444	3,547,434	2,994,452
Restricted Common Stock Units [Member]
Antidilutive Securities Excluded from Computation of Earnings Per Share [Line Items]
Anti-dilutive Securities	675,572	1,083,000	875,227
Restricted Common Stock Awards [Member]
Antidilutive Securities Excluded from Computation of Earnings Per Share [Line Items]
Anti-dilutive Securities	123,191	128,453	136,187

Income Taxes - Schedule of Reconciliation Between U.S. Statutory Income Tax Rate and Company's Effective Rate (Detail)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]
U.S. federal income tax statutory rate	21.00%	21.00%	21.00%
Permanent differences	2.00%	(2.00%)	0.00%
State tax, net of federal benefit	4.00%	0.00%	2.00%
Changes in valuation allowance for deferred tax assets	(26.00%)	(18.00%)	(22.00%)
Stock-based compensation	(1.00%)	(1.00%)
Expiring net operating losses	(1.00%)		0.00%
Other	1.00%	0.00%	(1.00%)
Effective tax rate	0.00%	0.00%	0.00%

Income Taxes - Schedule of Deferred Tax Assets and Deferred Tax Liabilities (Detail) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019
Deferred tax assets:
Net operating loss carryforwards	$ 58,120	$ 53,859
Stock-based compensation	5,345	5,261
Operating lease liabilities	1,179	1,356
Tax credit carryforwards	289	289
Reserves and accruals	687	423
Interest expense limitation	297	235
Total gross deferred tax assets	65,917	61,423
Deferred tax liabilities:
Depreciation	(2,948)	(3,883)
Operating lease right-of-use assets	(883)	(1,025)
Total deferred tax liabilities	(3,831)	(4,908)
Total deferred tax assets and liabilities	62,086	56,515
Valuation allowance	(62,086)	(56,515)
Net deferred tax asset	$ 0	$ 0

Income Taxes - Additional Information (Detail) - USD ($)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018
Income Taxes [Line Items]
Net change in valuation allowance	$ 5,600,000
Net operating losses available to offset future state taxable income expiration description	between 2021 and 2040
Unrecognized tax benefits	$ 0	$ 0	$ 0
Interest and penalties related to unrecognized tax benefits	0	0	0
Expected amount of unrecognized tax benefits	0	$ 0	$ 0
Federal [Member]
Income Taxes [Line Items]
Net operating loss carryforwards	250,600,000
Expiration of federal net operating loss carryforwards	$ 194,600,000
Net operating loss carryforwards expiration date	Dec. 31, 2037
Federal [Member] \| Unlimited Carryforward [Member]
Income Taxes [Line Items]
Net operating loss carryforwards	$ 56,000,000.0
State and Local Jurisdiction [Member]
Income Taxes [Line Items]
Net operating loss carryforwards	$ 90,100,000

Subsequent Events - Additional Information (Details) - USD ($)			1 Months Ended		2 Months Ended	12 Months Ended
	Mar. 12, 2021	Feb. 18, 2020	Dec. 31, 2020	Nov. 30, 2020	Mar. 09, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019
Subsequent Event [Line Items]
Common stock shares issued		1,955,000
Common stock shares issued price per share		$ 8.25	$ 0.00001			$ 0.00001	$ 0.00001
Revolving Credit Facility [Member]
Subsequent Event [Line Items]
Extended maturity date						Apr. 28, 2022
Silicon Valley Bank Credit Facility [Member] \| Revolving Credit Facility [Member]
Subsequent Event [Line Items]
Interest rate description						The interest rate applicable to borrowings under the revolving credit facility is based on the prime rate, subject to a minimum rate of 4.00% per annum. Prime rate-based rates vary from prime rate plus 0.75% per annum to prime rate plus 2.00% per annum.
Credit facility, covenant terms						The credit facility has also been amended to establish certain minimum Adjusted EBITDA and minimum Adjusted Quick Ratio covenants, as defined.
At The Market Offering [Member]
Subsequent Event [Line Items]
Proceeds from issuance of common stock			$ 9,500,000	$ 9,500,000		$ 9,673,000
Common stock issuance costs						$ 199,000
Subsequent Event [Member] \| Silicon Valley Bank Credit Facility [Member] \| Revolving Credit Facility [Member]
Subsequent Event [Line Items]
Extended maturity date	Apr. 28, 2022
Maximum increased borrowing amount	$ 20,000,000.0
Percentage of unused portion of facility, monthly fee	0.50%
Subsequent Event [Member] \| Silicon Valley Bank Credit Facility [Member] \| Revolving Credit Facility [Member] \| Prime Rate [Member] \| Minimum [Member]
Subsequent Event [Line Items]
Debt instrument, interest rate during period	4.00%
Additional interest rate per annum	0.75%
Subsequent Event [Member] \| Silicon Valley Bank Credit Facility [Member] \| Revolving Credit Facility [Member] \| Prime Rate [Member] \| Maximum [Member]
Subsequent Event [Line Items]
Additional interest rate per annum	2.00%
Subsequent Event [Member] \| At The Market Offering [Member]
Subsequent Event [Line Items]
Common stock shares issued					277,489
Common stock shares issued price per share					$ 20.92
Proceeds from issuance of common stock					$ 5,600,000
Common stock issuance costs					$ 200,000

Quarterly Results of Operations - Summary of Quarterly Financial Information (Detail) - USD ($) $ / shares in Units, $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended								12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2020	Sep. 30, 2020	Jun. 30, 2020	Mar. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019	Sep. 30, 2019	Jun. 30, 2019	Mar. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018
Quarterly Financial Information Disclosure [Abstract]
Total revenue	$ 23,018	$ 24,195	$ 24,641	$ 28,419	$ 46,505	$ 35,425	$ 29,533	$ 27,912	$ 100,273	$ 139,375	$ 104,361
Gross profit	3,863	1,900	2,851	5,980	11,310	7,742	3,514	3,718	14,594	26,284	12,669
Loss from operations	(6,131)	(6,704)	(5,648)	(3,086)	(830)	(2,153)	(5,215)	(5,961)	(21,569)	(14,159)	(33,916)
Net loss	$ (6,189)	$ (6,753)	$ (5,698)	$ (3,169)	$ (956)	$ (2,289)	$ (5,318)	$ (6,002)	$ (21,809)	$ (14,565)	$ (34,440)
Net loss per share, basic and diluted	$ (0.23)	$ (0.25)	$ (0.21)	$ (0.13)	$ (0.04)	$ (0.09)	$ (0.22)	$ (0.25)	$ (0.83)	$ (0.60)	$ (1.45)

- Definition

Aggregate revenue less cost of goods and services sold or operating expenses directly attributable to the revenue generation activity.

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The portion of profit or loss for the period, net of income taxes, which is attributable to the parent.

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Schedule II - Valuation and Qualifying Accounts (Detail) - Allowances for Uncollectible Accounts and Sales Returns and Allowances [Member] - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018
Valuation and Qualifying Accounts Disclosure [Line Items]
Balance at Beginning of Year	$ 144	$ 2,877	$ 93
Charges to Costs and Expenses	325	0	2,961
Recoveries of Costs and Expenses	0	(228)	(39)
Deductions to Allowances for Uncollectible Accounts	0	(2,552)	(142)
Charges to (Deductions from) Other Accounts	(27)	47	4
Balance at End of Year	$ 442	$ 144	$ 2,877