UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
FORM 20-F
☐ REGISTRATION STATEMENT PURSUANT TO SECTION 12(b) OR (g) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
OR
☒ ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the fiscal year ended August 31, 2021
OR
☐ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the transition period from __________________ to ____________________
OR
☐ SHELL COMPANY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
Date of event requiring this shell company report _________
Commission file number: 001-33562
PLATINUM GROUP METALS LTD.
(Exact name of Registrant as specified in its charter)
British Columbia
(Jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)
Suite 838 - 1100 Melville Street
Vancouver , British Columbia
Canada V6E 4A6
(Address of principal executive offices)
 
Frank R. Hallam
Telephone: (604) 899-5450
Facsimile: (604) 484-4710
Platinum Group Metals Ltd.
Suite 838 - 1100 Melville Street
Vancouver, British Columbia
Canada V6E 4A6
(Name, Telephone, E-Mail and/or Facsimile number and Address of Company Contact Person)

Securities registered or to be registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of each class	Trading Symbol	Name of each exchange on which registered	
 	 	 	
Common Shares, no par value	PLG	NYSE American	
Securities registered or to be registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act: None
Securities for which there is a reporting obligation pursuant to Section 15(d) of the Act: None
Indicate the number of outstanding shares of each of the issuer's classes of capital or common stock as of the close of the period covered by the annual report: 75,189,717 common shares
Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act.
Yes ☐   No ☒
If this report is an annual or transition report, indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934.
Yes ☐   No ☒
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.
Yes ☒   No ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files).
Yes ☒   No ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or an emerging growth company. See the definition of "large accelerated filer," "accelerated filer," and "emerging growth company" in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer ☐	Accelerated filer ☒	Non-accelerated filer ☐	Emerging growth company ☐	
If an emerging growth company that prepares its financial statements in accordance with U.S. GAAP, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards† provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐
† The term "new or revised financial accounting standard" refers to any update issued by the Financial Accounting Standards Board to its Accounting Standards Codification after April 5, 2012.
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has filed a report on and attestation to its management's assessment of the effectiveness of its internal control over financial reporting under Section 404(b) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (15 U.S.C. 7262(b)) by the registered public accounting firm that prepared or issued its audit report.                     ☒

Indicate by check mark which basis of accounting the registrant has used to prepare the financial statements included in this filing:

U.S. GAAP ☐	International Financial Reporting Standards as issued by the International Accounting Standards Board ☒	Other ☐	
If "Other" has been checked in response to previous question, indicate by check mark which financial statement item the registrant has elected to follow.
Item 17 ☐   Item 18 ☐
If this is an annual report, indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).
Yes ☐   No ☒
iii

TABLE OF CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION	5	
 	 	
GLOSSARY OF TECHNICAL TERMS	13	
 	 	
PART I	16	
 	 	
ITEM 1. IDENTITY OF DIRECTORS, SENIOR MANAGEMENT AND ADVISERS	16	
 	 	
ITEM 2. OFFER STATISTICS AND EXPECTED TIMETABLE	16	
 	 	
ITEM 3. KEY INFORMATION	16	
 	 	
ITEM 4. INFORMATION ON THE COMPANY	44	
 	 	
ITEM 4A. UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS	108	
 	 	
ITEM 5. OPERATING AND FINANCIAL REVIEW AND PROSPECTS	108	
 	 	
ITEM 6. DIRECTORS, SENIOR MANAGEMENT AND EMPLOYEES	123	
 	 	
ITEM 7. MAJOR SHAREHOLDERS AND RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS	145	
 	 	
ITEM 8. FINANCIAL INFORMATION	146	
 	 	
ITEM 9.   THE OFFER AND LISTING	149	
 	 	
ITEM 10. ADDITIONAL INFORMATION	151	
 	 	
ITEM 11. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK	168	
 	 	
ITEM 12. DESCRIPTION OF SECURITIES OTHER THAN EQUITY SECURITIES	168	
 	 	
PART II	169	
 	 	
ITEM 13. DEFAULTS, DIVIDEND ARREARAGES AND DELINQUENCIES	169	
 	 	
ITEM 14. MATERIAL MODIFICATIONS TO THE RIGHTS OF SECURITY HOLDERS AND USE OF PROCEEDS	169	
 	 	
ITEM 15. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES	169	
 	 	
ITEM 16A. AUDIT COMMITTEE FINANCIAL EXPERT	170	
 	 	
ITEM 16B. CODE OF ETHICS	170	
 	 	
ITEM 16C. PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTANT FEES AND SERVICES	170	
 	 	
ITEM 16D.  EXEMPTIONS FROM THE LISTING STANDARDS FOR AUDIT COMMITTEES	171	
 	 	
ITEM 16E. PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES BY THE ISSUER AND AFFILIATED PURCHASERS	171	
 	 	
ITEM 16F. CHANGE IN REGISTRANT'S CERTIFYING ACCOUNTANT	171	
 	 	
ITEM 16G. CORPORATE GOVERNANCE	171	
 	 	
ITEM 16H. MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURE	172	
 	 	
ITEM 16I. DISCLOSURE REGARDING FOREIGN JURISDICTIONS THAT PREVENT INSPECTIONS	172	
 	 	
PART III	173	
 	 	
ITEM 17. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS	173	
 	 	
ITEM 18. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS	173	
 	 	
ITEM 19. EXHIBITS	174	
 	 	
SIGNATURES	175	
 	 	
EXHIBIT INDEX	176	
 
4

INTRODUCTION
The information contained in this annual report on Form 20-F for the year ended August 31, 2021 (the "Annual Report") of Platinum Group Metals Ltd. (the "Company" or "Platinum Group") is current as of November 24, 2021, except where a different date is specified.
Financial information is presented in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards ("IFRS"), as issued by International Accounting Standards Board ("IASB"), applicable to the preparation of financial statements and in accordance with accounting policies based on IFRS standards and International Financial Reporting Interpretations Committee  interpretations. 
For further information please refer to Note 2 to the accompanying consolidated financial statements.
Currency and Foreign Exchange Rates
All monetary amounts set forth in this Annual Report are expressed in United States dollars ("U.S. Dollars" or "USD" or "$" or "US$"), except where otherwise indicated.  The Company's functional currency is the Canadian dollar ("Canadian Dollar" or "CDN" or "C$" or "CAD") and is reported in a USD presentation currency.  The Company's South African subsidiaries use the South African Rand ("Rand" or "R" or "ZAR") as a functional currency.
The following table sets forth the rate of exchange for the USD expressed in CAD in effect at the end of the periods indicated, the average of exchange rates in effect on the last day of each month during such periods, and the high and low exchange rates during such periods based on the posted Bank of Canada exchange rates.

U.S. Dollars as expressed in Canadian Dollars	Year Ended August 31,	
	2021	2020	2019	
Rate at end of period	$1.2617	$1.3042	$1.3295	
Average rate for period	$1.2688	$1.3458	$1.3255	
High for period	$1.3396	$1.4496	$1.3642	
Low for period	$1.2040	$1.2970	$1.2803	
The daily average exchange rate on November 19, 2021 as reported by the Bank of Canada for the conversion of USD into CDN was $1.00 equals C$1.2639.
The following table sets forth the rate of exchange for the USD expressed in Rand in effect at the end of the periods indicated, the average of exchange rates in effect on the last day of each month during such periods, and the high and low exchange rates during such periods based on the posted rates by The Federal Reserve of New York.
5

South African Rand as expressed in U.S. Dollars	Year Ended August 31,	
	2021	2020	2019	
Rate at end of period	R14.5075	R16.8916	R15.1925	
Average rate for period	R15.0013	R16.0676	R14.3372	
High for period	R17.1875	R19.26367	R15.4725	
Low for period	R13.4500	R14.0020	R13.285	
The daily average exchange rate on November 19, 2021 as reported by the Federal Reserve of New York for the conversion of USD into Rand was $1.00 equals Rand 1570.75.
Share Consolidations
On January 28, 2016, the Company's common shares ("Common Shares" or "shares of Common Stock") were consolidated on the basis of one new share for ten old shares (1:10) (the "2016 Share Consolidation"). 
On December 13, 2018, the Common Shares were further consolidated on the basis of one new share for ten old shares (1:10) (the "2018 Share Consolidation", and together with the 2016 Share Consolidation, the "Consolidations").  The purpose of the Consolidations was to increase the Common Share price to be in compliance with the NYSE American's (defined below) low selling price requirement.
The conversion rate of the Company's convertible senior subordinated $20 million aggregate principal amount of 6 7/8% convertible notes, issued June 30, 2017 and maturing on July 1, 2022 (the "Notes"), and the exercise prices of any outstanding options and warrants, and the number of Common Shares for which such securities are exercisable, were appropriately adjusted to give effect to the Consolidations, as applicable, in accordance with the terms of their governing instruments.
Unless otherwise indicated, all information included in this Annual Report, including, without limitation, all share and per share amounts, trading and per share prices, note conversion rates and option and warrant exercise prices, is presented after giving effect to the Consolidations.
Units of Conversion
The following table sets forth certain standard conversions from the International System of Units (metric units) to the Standard Imperial Units:

Conversion Table
 	
Metric	 	Imperial	
1.0 millimetre (mm)	=	0.039 inches (in)	
1.0 metre (m)	=	3.28 feet (ft)	
1.0 kilometre (km)	=	0.621 miles (mi)	
1.0 hectare (ha)	=	2.471 acres (ac)	
1.0 gram (g)	=	0.032 troy ounces (oz)	
1.0 metric tonne (t)	=	1.102 short tons (ton)	
1.0 g/t	=	0.029 oz/ton	
6

Forward-Looking Statements
This Annual Report and the documents incorporated by reference herein contain "forward-looking statements" within the meaning of the United States Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995 and "forward-looking information" within the meaning of applicable Canadian securities legislation (collectively, "Forward-Looking Statements"). All statements, other than statements of historical fact, that address activities, events or developments that the Company believes, expects or anticipates will, may, could or might occur in the future are Forward-Looking Statements. The words "expect", "anticipate", "estimate", "may", "could", "might", "will", "would", "should", "intend", "believe", "target", "budget", "plan", "strategy", "goals", "objectives", "projection" or the negative of any of these words and similar expressions are intended to identify Forward-Looking Statements, although these words may not be present in all Forward-Looking Statements. Forward-Looking Statements included or incorporated by reference in this Annual Report include, without limitation, statements with respect to:
• the timely completion of additional required financings and potential terms thereof;
• the repayment, and compliance with the terms of, indebtedness;
• the completion of appropriate contractual smelting and/or refining arrangements with Impala Platinum Holdings Ltd. ("Implats") or another third party smelter/refiner;
• the projections set forth or incorporated into, or derived from, the Waterberg DFS (as defined below), including, without limitation, estimates of mineral resources and mineral reserves, and projections relating to future prices of metals, commodities and supplies, currency rates, capital and operating expenses, production rate, grade, recovery and return, and other technical, operational and financial forecasts;
• the approval of a water use licence and environmental permits for, and other developments related to, a deposit area discovered by the Company on the Waterberg property (the "Waterberg Project") located on the Northern Limb of the Bushveld Complex in South Africa (the "Bushveld Complex"), approximately 85 km north of the town of Mokopane;
• the Company's expectations with respect to the outcome of the Appeals (defined below) filed against the regulator's decision to grant the mining right for the Waterberg Project (the "Waterberg Mining Right") and the outcome of a review application to set aside a decision by the Minister of the Department of Forestry, Fisheries and the Environment ("DFFE") to refuse condonation for the late filing of the group's appeal against the grant of an Environmental Authorization for the Waterberg Project;
• the negotiation and execution of long term access agreements, on reasonable terms, with communities recognized as titled landowners of three farms where surface and underground mine infrastructure is planned, and rezoning for mining use;
• the development of performance indicators to measure and monitor key environmental, social sustainability and governance activities at the Waterberg Project;
• compliance with the terms and conditions of our credit agreement with Sprott Private Resource Lending II (Collector), LP ("Sprott"); 
• the impacts of COVID-19 on our operations;
• the adequacy of capital, financing needs and the availability of and potential for obtaining further capital;
• revenue, cash flow and cost estimates and assumptions;
• future events or future performance;
• development of next generation battery technology by the Company's new battery technology joint venture (described below);
7

• governmental and securities exchange laws, rules, regulations, orders, consents, decrees, provisions, charters, frameworks, schemes and regimes, including interpretations of and compliance with the same;
• developments in South African politics and laws relating to the mining industry;
• anticipated exploration, development, construction, production, permitting and other activities on the Company's properties;
• project economics;
• future metal prices and currency exchange rates;
• the identification of several large-scale water basins that could provide mine process and potable water for the Waterberg Project and local communities;
• the Company's expectations with respect to the outcomes of litigation;
• mineral reserves and mineral resource estimates; and
• potential changes in the ownership structures of the Company's projects.
Forward-Looking Statements reflect the current expectations of beliefs of the Company based on information currently available to the Company. Forward looking statements in respect of capital costs, operating costs, production rate, grade per tonne and concentrator and smelter recovery are based upon the estimates in the technical report referred to in this Annual Report and in the documents incorporated by reference herein and ongoing cost estimation work, and the forward looking statements in respect of metal prices and exchange rates are based upon the three year trailing average prices and the assumptions contained in such technical report and ongoing estimates.
Forward-Looking Statements are subject to a number of risks and uncertainties that may cause the actual events or results to differ materially from those discussed in the Forward-Looking Statements, and even if events or results discussed in the Forward-Looking Statements are realized or substantially realized, there can be no assurance that they will have the expected consequences to, or effects on, the Company. Factors that could cause actual results or events to differ materially from current expectations include, among other things:
• the inability of the Company to generate sufficient additional cash flow to make payments on its indebtedness under the 2019 Sprott Facility (defined below) and the Notes, and to comply with the terms of such indebtedness, and the restrictions imposed by such indebtedness;
• the Company's additional financing requirements;
• the Company's $20.0 million initial principal secured credit facility, as amended, (the "2019 Sprott Facility") (which has an outstanding principal balance of $3.6 million as of the date of this Annual Report)  with Sprott and the other lenders party thereto (the "Sprott Lenders") is, and any new indebtedness may be, secured and the Company has pledged its shares of Platinum Group Metals (RSA) Proprietary Limited, the Company's wholly owned subsidiary located in South Africa ("PTM RSA"), and PTM RSA has pledged its shares of Waterberg JV Resources Proprietary Limited ("Waterberg JV Co.") and Mnombo Wethu Consultants (Pty) Ltd. ("Mnombo"); to the Sprott Lenders under the 2019 Sprott Facility, which potentially could result in the loss of our interest in PTM RSA and the Waterberg Project, in the event of a default under the 2019 Sprott Facility or any new secured indebtedness;
• the Company's history of losses and expectations that will continue to incur losses;
• the Company's negative cash flow;
• the Company's ability to continue as a going concern;
• uncertainty of estimated production, development plans and cost estimates for the Waterberg Project;
• the Company's ability to bring properties into a state of commercial production;
8

• the potential impact of COVID-19 on the Company;
• discrepancies between actual and estimated mineral reserves and mineral resources, between actual and estimated development and operating costs, between actual and estimated metallurgical recoveries and between estimated and actual production;
• fluctuations in the relative values of the U.S. Dollar, the Rand and the Canadian Dollar;
• volatility in metals prices;
• the possibility that the Company may become subject to the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (the "Investment Company Act");
• Implats or another third party may not enter into contractual smelting and/or refining arrangements with Waterberg JV Co. on favorable terms, or at all;
• the ability of the Company to acquire the necessary surface access rights on commercially acceptable terms or at all;
• the failure of the Company or the other shareholders of Waterberg JV Co. to fund their pro rata share of funding obligations for the Waterberg Project;
• any disputes or disagreements with the other shareholders of Waterberg JV Co. or Mnombo;
• the Company is subject to assessment by various taxation authorities, who may interpret tax legislation in a manner different from the Company, which may negatively affect the final amount or the timing of the payment or refund of taxes;
• the Company's ability to attract and retain key management employees;
• contractor performance and delivery of services, changes in contractors or their scope of work or any disputes with contractors;
• conflicts of interest among the Company's officers and directors;
• any designation of the Company as a "passive foreign investment company" and potential adverse U.S. federal income tax consequences for U.S. shareholders;
• litigation or other legal or administrative proceedings brought against the Company, including the current litigation brought by Africa Wide Mineral Prospecting and Exploration (Pty) Limited ("Africa Wide"), the former 17.1% shareholder of Maseve Investments 11 Proprietary Limited ("Maseve"), the Appeals (defined below) brought by persons from certain host communities against the grant of the Waterberg Mining Right, a review application brought by a host community against the decision of the Minister of the Department of Forestry, Fisheries and the Environment ("DFFE") not to condone the late filing of an appeal against the Environmental Authorization granted to Waterberg JV Co and an application for an urgent injunction to halt early works by Waterberg JV Co. (the "Environmental Authorization") pending the outcomes of the various appeals and reviews;
• actual or alleged breaches of governance processes or instances of fraud, bribery or corruption;
• exploration, development and mining risks and the inherently dangerous nature of the mining industry, including environmental hazards, industrial accidents, unusual or unexpected formations, safety stoppages (whether voluntary or regulatory), pressures, mine collapses, cave ins or flooding and the risk of inadequate insurance or inability to obtain insurance to cover these risks and other risks and uncertainties;
• property, zoning and mineral title risks including defective title to mineral claims or property;
• changes in national and local government legislation, taxation, controls, regulations and political or economic developments in Canada, South Africa or other countries in which the Company does or may carry out business in the future;
9

• equipment shortages and the ability of the Company to acquire the necessary infrastructure for its mineral properties;
• environmental regulations and the ability to obtain and maintain necessary permits, including environmental and water use licences;
• extreme competition in the mineral exploration industry;
• delays in obtaining, or a failure to obtain, permits necessary for current or future operations or failures to comply with the terms of such permits;
• any adverse decision in respect of the Company's mineral rights and projects in South Africa under the Mineral and Petroleum Resources Development Act of 2002 (the "MPRDA");
• risks of doing business in South Africa, including but not limited to, labour, economic and political instability and potential changes to and failures to comply with legislation;
• the failure to maintain or increase equity participation by historically disadvantaged South Africans in the Company's prospecting and mining operations and to otherwise comply with the Broad-Based Socio-Economic Empowerment Charter for the South African Mining Industry, 2018 (the "Mining Charter 2018");
• certain potential adverse Canadian tax consequences for foreign-controlled Canadian companies that acquire the Common Shares;
• socio economic instability in South Africa or regionally, including risks of resource nationalism;
• labour disruptions and increased labour costs;
• changes in South African state royalties;
• interruptions, shortages or cuts in the supply of electricity or water;
• characteristics of and changes in the tax systems in South Africa;
• a change in community relations;
• South African foreign exchange controls impacting repatriation of profits;
• land restitution claims or land expropriation;
• restriction on dividend payments;
• the risk that the Common Shares may be delisted;
• volatility in the price of the Common Shares;
• the exercise of stock options or warrants resulting in dilution to the holders of Common Shares;
• future sales, conversion of senior subordinated notes or issuances of equity securities decreasing the value of the Common Shares, diluting investors' voting power, and reducing our earnings per share;
• enforcing judgements based on the civil liability provisions of United States federal securities laws;
• global financial conditions; and
• other risks disclosed under the heading "Risk Factors" in this Annual Report, as well as in the documents incorporated by reference herein and therein.
These factors should be considered carefully, and investors should not place undue reliance on the Company's Forward-Looking Statements.  In addition, although the Company has attempted to identify important factors that could cause actual actions or results to differ materially from those described in Forward-Looking Statements, there may be other factors that cause actions or results not to be as anticipated, estimated or intended.
10

Any Forward-Looking Statement speaks only as of the date on which it is made and, except as may be required by applicable securities laws, the Company disclaims any intent or obligation to update any Forward-Looking Statement, whether as a result of new information, future events or results or otherwise.
The mineral resource and mineral reserve figures referred to in this Annual Report and the documents incorporated herein by reference are estimates and no assurances can be given that the indicated levels of platinum ("Pt"), palladium ("Pd"), rhodium ("Rh") and gold ("Au") will be produced.  Such estimates are expressions of judgment based on knowledge, mining experience, analysis of drilling results and industry practices.  Valid estimates made at a given time may significantly change when new information becomes available.  By their nature, mineral resource and mineral reserve estimates are imprecise and depend, to a certain extent, upon statistical inferences which may ultimately prove unreliable.  Any inaccuracy or future reduction in such estimates could have a material adverse impact on the Company.
Cautionary Note to U.S. Investors
Estimates of mineralization and other technical information included or incorporated by reference herein have been prepared in accordance with Canada's National Instrument 43-101 - Standards of Disclosure for Mineral Projects ("NI 43-101").  The definitions of proven and probable reserves used in NI 43-101 differ from the definitions in SEC Industry Guide 7 of the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (the "SEC").  Under SEC Industry Guide 7 standards, a "final", "definitive" or "bankable" feasibility study is required to report reserves, the three-year historical average price is used in any reserve or cash flow analysis to designate reserves and the primary environmental analysis or report must be filed with the appropriate governmental authority.  As a result, the reserves reported by the Company in accordance with NI 43-101 may not qualify as "reserves" under the current SEC standards.  In addition, the terms "mineral resource", "measured mineral resource", "indicated mineral resource" and "inferred mineral resource" are defined in and required to be disclosed by NI 43-101; however, these terms are not defined terms under SEC Industry Guide 7 and have not normally been permitted to be used in reports and registration statements filed with the SEC.  Mineral resources that are not mineral reserves do not have demonstrated economic viability.  Investors are cautioned not to assume that any part or all of the mineral deposits in these categories will ever be converted into reserves.  "Inferred mineral resources" have a great amount of uncertainty as to their existence, and great uncertainty as to their economic and legal feasibility.  It cannot be assumed that all or any part of an inferred mineral resource will ever be upgraded to a higher category.  Under Canadian securities laws, estimates of inferred mineral resources may not form the basis of feasibility or prefeasibility studies, except in rare cases. See "Reserve and Mineral Resource Disclosure".  Additionally, disclosure of "contained ounces" in a resource is permitted disclosure under Canadian securities laws; however, SEC Industry Guide 7 normally only permits issuers to report mineralization that does not constitute "reserves" by SEC Industry Guide 7 standards as in place tonnage and grade without reference to unit measurements.  Accordingly, information contained in this Annual Report and the documents incorporated by reference herein containing descriptions of the Company's mineral deposits may not be comparable to similar information made public by U.S. companies subject to the reporting and disclosure requirements of SEC Industry Guide 7.  The Company has not disclosed or determined any mineral reserves under the current SEC Industry Guide 7 standards in respect of any of its properties.
On October 31, 2018, the SEC adopted a final rule ("New Final Rule") that replaces Industry Guide 7 with subpart 1300 of Regulation S-K and new disclosure requirements that are more closely aligned with current industry and global regulatory practices and standards, including NI 43-101.  The Company is not currently required to, nor does it, comply with the New Final Rule.
Reserve and Mineral Resource Disclosure
Due to the uncertainty that may be attached to inferred mineral resource estimates, it cannot be assumed that all or any part of an inferred mineral resource estimate will be upgraded to an indicated or measured mineral resource estimate as a result of continued exploration.  Confidence in an inferred mineral resource estimate is insufficient to allow meaningful application of the technical and economic parameters to enable an evaluation of economic viability sufficient for public disclosure, except in certain limited circumstances set out NI 43-101. Inferred mineral resource estimates are excluded from estimates forming the basis of a feasibility study.
11

NI 43-101 requires mining companies to disclose reserves and resources using the subcategories of proven reserves, probable reserves, measured resources, indicated resources and inferred resources. Mineral resources that are not mineral reserves do not have demonstrated economic viability.
A "mineral reserve" is the economically mineable part of a measured and/or indicated mineral resource demonstrated by at least a preliminary feasibility study. This study must include adequate information on mining, processing, metallurgical, infrastructure, economic, marketing, legal, environmental, social, governmental and other relevant factors that demonstrate, at the time of reporting, that economic extraction could reasonably be justified. A mineral reserve includes diluting materials and allowances for losses which may occur when the material is mined or extracted. A "proven mineral reserve" is the economically mineable part of a measured mineral resource for which quantity, grade or quality, densities, shape and physical characteristics are estimated with confidence sufficient to allow the appropriate application of technical and economic parameters to support detailed mine planning and final evaluation of the economic viability of the deposit. A "probable mineral reserve" is the economically mineable part of an indicated, and in some circumstances, a measured mineral resource for which quantity, grade or quality, densities, shape and physical characteristics are estimated with sufficient confidence to allow the appropriate application of technical and economic parameters in sufficient detail to support mine planning and evaluation of the economic viability of the deposit.
A "mineral resource" is a concentration or occurrence of solid material in or on the Earth's crust in such form, grade or quality and quantity that there are reasonable prospects for eventual economic extraction. The location, quantity, grade or quality, continuity and other geological characteristics of a mineral resource are known, estimated or interpreted from specific geological evidence and knowledge, including sampling. A "measured mineral resource" is that part of a mineral resource for which quantity, grade or quality, densities, shape, and physical characteristics are estimated with confidence sufficient to allow the appropriate application of technical and economic parameters to support detailed mine planning and final evaluation of the economic viability of the deposit. Geological evidence is derived from detailed and reliable exploration, sampling and testing and is sufficient to confirm geological and grade or quality continuity between points of observation. An "indicated mineral resource" is that part of a mineral resource for which quantity, grade or quality, densities, shape and physical characteristics are estimated with sufficient confidence to allow the application of technical and economic parameters in sufficient detail to support mine planning and evaluation of the economic viability of the deposit. Geological evidence is derived from adequately detailed and reliable exploration, sampling and testing and is sufficient to assume geological and grade continuity between points of observation. Mineral resources that are not mineral reserves do not have demonstrated economic viability.  An "inferred mineral resource" is that part of a mineral resource for which quantity and grade or quality are estimated on the basis of limited geological evidence and sampling. Geological evidence is sufficient to imply but not verify geological and grade or quality continuity.  An inferred mineral resource is based on limited information and sampling gathered through appropriate sampling techniques from locations such as outcrops, trenches, pits, workings and drill holes.
A "feasibility study" is a comprehensive technical and economic study of the selected development option for a mineral project that includes appropriately detailed assessments of applicable mining, processing, metallurgical, infrastructure, economic, marketing, legal, environmental, social, governmental and other relevant operational factors and detailed financial analysis that are necessary to demonstrate, at the time of reporting, that extraction is reasonably justified (economically mineable). The results of the study may serve as the basis for a final decision by a proponent or financial institution to proceed with, or finance, the development of the project. A "preliminary feasibility study" or "pre-feasibility study" is a comprehensive study of a range of options for the technical and economic viability of a mineral project that has advanced to a stage where a preferred mining method, in the case of underground mining, or the pit configuration, in the case of an open pit, is established and an effective method of mineral processing is determined. It includes a financial analysis based on reasonable assumptions on the applicable mining, processing, metallurgical, infrastructure, economic, marketing, legal, environmental, social, governmental and other relevant operational factors and the evaluation of any other relevant factors which are sufficient for a qualified person, acting reasonably, to determine if all or part of the mineral resource may be converted to a mineral reserve at the time of reporting. "Cutoff grade" means (a) in respect of mineral resources, the lowest grade below which the mineralized rock currently cannot reasonably be expected to be economically extracted, and (b) in respect of mineral reserves, the lowest grade below which the mineralized rock currently cannot be economically extracted as demonstrated by either a preliminary feasibility study or a feasibility study. Cutoff grades vary between deposits depending upon the amenability of ore to mineral extraction and upon costs of production and metal prices.
12

GLOSSARY OF TECHNICAL TERMS
"3E" means platinum, palladium and gold.
"4E" or "PGE" means platinum, palladium, rhodium and gold.
"anomalous" refers to a sample or location that either (i) the concentration of an element(s) or (ii) geophysical measurement is significantly different from the average background values in the area.
"anorthosite" is a rock comprised of largely feldspar minerals and minor mafic iron-magnesium minerals.
"assay" is an analysis to determine the quantity of one or more elemental components.
"Au" refers to gold.
"cm" is an abbreviation for centimetres.
"Cu" refers to copper.
"deposit" is a mineralized body, which has been physically delineated by sufficient drilling, trenching, and/or underground work, and found to contain a sufficient average grade of metal or metals to warrant further exploration and/or development expenditures.  Such a deposit does not qualify as a commercially mineable ore body or as containing ore reserves, until final legal, technical, and economic factors have been resolved.
"diamond drill" is a type of rotary drill in which the cutting is done by abrasion rather than percussion.  The cutting bit is set with diamonds and is attached to the end of the long hollow rods through which water is pumped to the cutting face.  The drill cuts a core of rock that is covered in long cylindrical sections, an inch or more in diameter. 
"exploration stage" refers to the stage where a company is engaged in the search for minerals deposits (reserves) which are not in either the development or production stage.
"fault" is a fracture or break in a rock across which there has been displacement.
"felsites" refers to an igneous rock that contains a group of light colored silicate minerals, including feldspar, feldspathoid, quartz, and muscovite
"fracture" is a break in a rock, usually along flat surfaces. 
"gabbro" is an intrusive rock comprised of a mixture of mafic minerals and feldspars.
13

"grade" is the concentration of an ore metal in a rock sample, given either as weight percent for base metals (i.e., Cu, Zn, Ni, Pb) or in grams per tonne (g/t) or ounces per short ton (oz/t) for precious or platinum group metals.
"g/t" refers to grams per tonne.
"ha" is an abbreviation for hectare.
"harzburgite" is a variety of peridotite consisting mostly of the two minerals, olivine and low calcium (Ca) pyroxene (enstatite).  It commonly contains a few percent chromium rich spinel as an accessory mineral.
"hectare" is an area totaling 10,000 square metres or 100 metres by 100 metres.
"intrusive" is a rock mass formed below earth's surface from molten magma, which was intruded into a pre-existing rock mass and cooled to solid.
"km" is an abbreviation for kilometre.
"kriging" is the numerical modeling by applying statistics to resource calculations (or other earth sciences problems).  The method recognizes that samples are not independent and that spatial continuity between samples exists.
"m" is an abbreviation for metres.
"mafic" is a rock type consisting of predominantly iron and magnesium silicate minerals with little quartz or feldspar minerals.
"magmatic" means pertaining to magma, a naturally occurring silicate melt, which may contain suspended silicate crystals, dissolved gases, or both; magmatic processes are at work under the earth's crust.
"mineralization" refers to minerals of value occurring in rocks.
"ML/day" refers to megalitre/day.
"Mt" is an abbreviation for million tonnes.
"MVA" refers to megavolt ampere.
"Ni" is an abbreviation for nickel.
"olivine" is a mineral silicate of iron and magnesium, principally (Mg, Fe)2SiO4, found in igneous and metamorphic rocks and used as a structural material in refractories and in cements.
"outcrop" refers to an exposure of rock at the earth's surface.
"Pd" refers to palladium.
"pegmatoid" is an igneous rock that has the coarse grained texture of a pegmatite but that lacks graphic intergrowths or typically granitic composition.
"PGM" refers to platinum group metals in accordance with the periodic table of elements, including platinum, palladium, rhodium and gold.
14

"plagioclase" is a form of feldspar consisting of aluminosilicates of sodium and/or calcium, common in igneous rocks and typically white.
"Pt" refers to platinum.
"pyroxenite" refers to a relatively uncommon dark-coloured rock consisting chiefly of pyroxene; pyroxene is a type of rock containing sodium, calcium, magnesium, iron, titanium and aluminum combined with oxygen.
"quartz" is a common rock-forming mineral (SiO2)
"Rh" refers to rhodium, a platinum metal. Rhodium shares some of the notable properties of platinum, including its resistance to corrosion, its hardness and ductility. Wherever there is platinum in the earth, there is rhodium as well. In fact, most rhodium is extracted from a sludge that remains after platinum is removed from the ore. A high percentage of rhodium is also found in certain nickel deposits in Canada.
"stope" is an underground excavation from which ore has been extracted.
"tailings" is the material that remains after all metals considered economic have been removed from ore during milling.
"tonne" refers to a metric tonne having a weight of 1,000 kilograms or 2,205 pounds.
"troctolite" is a gabbro made up mainly of olivine and calcic plagioclase, often having a spotted appearance likened to a trout's back.
"UG2" refers to Upper Group 2 Chromitite Layer or Reef.
"ultramafic" refers to types of rock containing relatively high proportions of the heavier elements such as magnesium, iron, calcium and sodium; these rocks are usually dark in color and have relatively high specific gravities.
15

PART I
ITEM 1. IDENTITY OF DIRECTORS, SENIOR MANAGEMENT AND ADVISERS
Not applicable.
ITEM 2. OFFER STATISTICS AND EXPECTED TIMETABLE
Not applicable.
ITEM 3. KEY INFORMATION
A. [Reserved]
B. Capitalization and Indebtedness
Not applicable.
C. Reasons for the Offer and Use of Proceeds
Not applicable.
D. Risk Factors
The Company's securities should be considered a highly speculative investment due to the nature of the Company's business and present stage of exploration and development of its mineral properties. Resource exploration and development is a speculative business, characterized by a number of significant risks including, among other things, unprofitable efforts resulting not only from the failure to discover mineral deposits but also from finding mineral deposits, which, though present, are insufficient in quantity or quality to return a profit from production. Investors should carefully consider all of the information disclosed in the Company's Canadian and U.S. regulatory filings prior to making an investment in the Company. Without limiting the foregoing, the following risk factors should be given special consideration when evaluating an investment in the Company's securities. Additional risks not currently known to the Company, or that the Company currently deems immaterial, may also impair the Company's operations.
16

Risks Relating to the Company
The Company may be unable to generate sufficient cash to service and pay its debt or otherwise comply with the terms of its debt, the terms of the agreements governing the Company's debt may restrict its current or future operations and the indebtedness may adversely affect the Company's financial condition and results of operations.
The Company's ability to make scheduled payments on its indebtedness, including the payment of the remaining principal and interest on the Company's Notes due July 1, 2022 and the 2019 Sprott Facility due August 14, 2022, will depend on its ability to raise additional funding by way of debt or equity offerings. It will also depend on the Company's financial condition and operating performance, which are subject to prevailing economic and competitive conditions and to certain financial, business, legislative, regulatory and other factors beyond its control. If the Company's additional funding, cash flows and capital resources are insufficient to service and pay its debt obligations, or if any necessary extensions or waivers the Company's lenders are not available, the Company could face substantial liquidity problems. This could also force the Company to reduce or delay investments and capital expenditures or to dispose of material assets or operations, seek additional debt or equity capital or restructure or refinance its indebtedness. The Company may not be able to effect any such alternative measures on commercially reasonable terms or at all. Additionally, even if successful, those alternatives may not allow the Company to meet its scheduled debt service obligations.
In addition, a breach of the covenants under the Company's debt instruments could result in an event of default under the applicable indebtedness, or other events of default could occur. Such default could result in secured creditors' realization of collateral. It may also allow the creditors to accelerate the related debt, result in the imposition of default interest, and result in the acceleration of any other debt to which a cross acceleration or cross default provision applies. In particular, a cross default provision applies to certain of the Company's indebtedness, including the Notes. In the event a lender accelerates the repayment of the Company's borrowings, the Company may not have sufficient assets to repay its indebtedness. In the event a lender accelerates the repayment of the Company's borrowings, the Company may not have sufficient assets to repay its indebtedness.
17

The Company's debt instruments include a number of covenants that impose operating and financial restrictions on it and may limit its ability to engage in acts that may be in its long-term best interest. In particular, the 2019 Sprott Facility requires the Company to take all steps and actions as may be required to maintain the listing and posting for trading of the Common Shares on at least one of the Toronto Stock Exchange (the "TSX") or the NYSE American LLC (the "NYSE American"). The 2019 Sprott Facility also restricts the Company's ability to:
·	modify material contracts;
·	dispose of assets;
·	use the proceeds from permitted dispositions and financings;
·	incur additional indebtedness;
·	make additional investments in Mnombo in excess of $15.0 million;
·	enter into certain strategic transactions, including transactions with affiliates other than PTM RSA;
·	prepay any other indebtedness;
·	grant security interests or encumbrances; and
·	use proceeds from future debt or equity financings.
The Indenture (defined below) governing the Notes also includes restrictive covenants, including, without limitation, covenants restricting the incurrence of indebtedness and the use of proceeds from asset sales. As a result of these and other restrictions, the Company:
·	may be limited in how it conducts its business,
·	may be unable to raise additional debt or equity financing,
·	may be unable to compete effectively or to take advantage of new business opportunities, and
·	may become in breach of its obligations to the other shareholders of Waterberg JV Co., Mnombo and others,
each of which may affect the Company's ability to grow in accordance with its strategy or may otherwise adversely affect its business and financial condition.
Further, the Company's maintenance of substantial levels of debt could adversely affect its financial condition and results of operations and could adversely affect its flexibility to take advantage of corporate opportunities. Substantial levels of indebtedness could have important consequences to the Company, including:
·	limiting the Company's ability to obtain additional financing to fund future working capital, capital expenditures, acquisitions or other general corporate requirements, or requiring it to make non-strategic divestitures;
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·	requiring a substantial portion of the Company's cash flows to be dedicated to debt service payments instead of other purposes, thereby reducing the amount of cash flows available for working capital, capital expenditures, acquisitions and other general corporate purposes;
·	increasing the Company's vulnerability to general adverse economic and industry conditions;
·	exposing the Company to the risk of increased interest rates for any borrowings at variable rates of interest;
·	limiting the Company's flexibility in planning for and reacting to changes in the mining industry;
·	placing the Company at a disadvantage compared to other, less leveraged competitors; and
·	increasing the Company's cost of borrowing.
The Company will require additional financing, which may not be available on acceptable terms, if at all.
The Company does not have any source of operating revenues. The Company will be required to source additional financing by way of private or public offerings of equity or debt or the sale of project or property interests in order to have sufficient working capital for continued exploration and development on the Waterberg Project, as well as for general working capital purposes and compliance with, and repayment of, its existing indebtedness. The Company can give no assurance that financing will be available to it or, if it is available, that it will be offered on acceptable terms. Any failure to timely complete any required financing may result in a default under the 2019 Sprott Facility and the Notes. Unforeseen increases or acceleration of expenses and other obligations could require additional capital as of an earlier date. If additional financing is raised by the issuance of Company equity securities, control of the Company may change, security holders will suffer additional dilution and the price of the Common Shares may decrease. If additional financing is raised through the issuance of indebtedness, the Company will require additional financing in order to repay such indebtedness. Failure to obtain such additional financing could result in the delay or indefinite postponement of further development of its properties or even a loss of property interests.
If the Company fails to obtain required financing on acceptable terms or on a timely basis, this could cause it to delay development of the Waterberg Project, result in the Company being forced to sell additional assets on an untimely or unfavorable basis or result in a default under its outstanding indebtedness. Any such delay or sale could have a material adverse effect on the Company's financial condition, results of operations and liquidity. Any default under the Company's outstanding indebtedness could result in the loss of its entire interest in PTM RSA, and therefore its interests in the Waterberg Project.
The Company has granted security interests in favour of the Sprott Lenders over all of its personal property, subject to certain exceptions, and the Company has pledged its shares of PTM RSA, and PTM RSA has pledged its shares of Waterberg JV Co. and Mnombo to the Sprott Lenders under the 2019 Sprott Facility and the Modification Agreement which may have a material adverse effect on the Company.
To secure the Company's obligations under the 2019 Sprott Facility, it has entered into a general security agreement and the Modification Agreement under which the Company has granted security interests in favour of the Sprott Lenders over all of its present and after acquired personal property, subject to certain exceptions. The Company has also entered into share pledge agreements pursuant to which it has granted a security interest in favour of the Sprott Lenders over all of the issued shares in the capital of PTM RSA. PTM RSA has also guaranteed the Company's obligations to the Sprott Lenders and pledged the shares the Company holds in Waterberg JV Co. and Mnombo in favour of the Sprott Lenders. These security interests and guarantee may impact the Company's ability to obtain project financing for the Waterberg Project or its ability to secure other types of financing. The 2019 Sprott Facility has various covenants and provisions, including payment covenants and financial tests that must be satisfied and complied with during the term of the 2019 Sprott Facility. There is no assurance that such covenants will be satisfied. Any default under the 2019 Sprott Facility, including any covenants thereunder, could result in the loss of the Company's entire interest in PTM RSA, and therefore the Company's interests in the Waterberg Project.
19

The Company has a history of losses and it anticipates continuing to incur losses.
The Company has a history of losses.  The Company anticipates continued losses until it can successfully place one or more of its properties into commercial production on a profitable basis.  It could be years before the Company receives any profits from any production of metals, if ever.  If the Company is unable to generate significant revenues with respect to its properties, the Company will not be able to earn profits or continue operations.
The Company has a history of negative operating cash flow and may continue to experience negative operating cash flow.
The Company has had negative operating cash flow in recent financial years and, as at August 31, 2021, we held  cash and cash equivalents of $6.3 million and had a working capital deficit of $23.6 million. Our historical average monthly burn rate for general and administrative costs over the twelve month period ended August 31, 2021 was approximately $0.4 million. We currently have limited financial resources and no sources of operating revenues and as a result will be required to fund our working capital deficit, operating expenses and other expenses through financing. The Company's ability to achieve and sustain positive operating cash flow will depend on a number of factors, including the Company's ability to advance the Waterberg Project into production. To the extent that the Company has negative cash flow in future periods, the Company may need to deploy a portion of its cash reserves to fund such negative cash flow. The 2019 Sprott Facility requires that the Company maintain consolidated cash and cash equivalents of at least $1.0 million and working capital (as defined in the Sprott Facility) in excess of $500,000. There can be no assurance that additional debt or equity financing or other types of financing will be available if needed or that these financings will be on terms at least as favorable to the Company as those obtained previously. The Company may be required to raise additional funds through the issuance of additional equity or debt securities to satisfy the minimum cash balance requirements under the 2019 Sprott Facility. Additionally, the Company is required to make interest payments on the Notes twice per year. The Company's ability to make these interest payments in Common Shares is limited by the terms of the Indenture (defined below), and the Company may be required to make a portion or all of these interest payments in cash. The 2019 Sprott Facility provides that 50% of the proceeds of such financings are required to be paid to the Sprott Lenders in partial repayment of the 2019 Sprott Facility. The 2019 Sprott Facility and the Notes mature in 2022. There can be no assurance that additional debt or equity financing or other types of financing will be available as needed or that these financings will be on terms at least as favorable to us as those obtained previously.
The Company may not be able to continue as a going concern.
The Company has limited financial resources. The Company's ability to continue as a going concern is dependent upon, among other things, the Company establishing commercial quantities of mineral reserves and successfully establishing profitable production of such minerals or, alternatively, disposing of its interests on a profitable basis. Any unexpected costs, problems or delays could severely impact the Company's ability to continue exploration and development activities. Should the Company be unable to continue as a going concern, realization of assets and settlement of liabilities in other than the normal course of business may be at amounts materially different than the Company's estimates. The amounts attributed to the Company's exploration properties in its financial statements represent acquisition and exploration costs and should not be taken to represent realizable value. The Company has suffered recurring losses from operations and significant amounts of debt payable without any current source of operating income. Also, as at August 31, 2021, the Company had a net capital deficiency of $23.6 million that raised substantial doubt about its ability to continue as a going concern.
20

The Company's properties may not be brought into a state of commercial production.
Development of mineral properties involves a high degree of risk and few properties that are explored are ultimately developed into producing mines. The commercial viability of a mineral deposit is dependent upon a number of factors which are beyond the Company's control, including the attributes of the deposit, commodity prices, government policies and regulation and environmental protection. Fluctuations in the market prices of minerals may render reserves and deposits containing relatively lower grades of mineralization uneconomic. The development of the Company's properties will require obtaining land use consents, permits and the construction and operation of mines, processing plants and related infrastructure. The Company is subject to all of the risks associated with establishing new mining operations, including:
·	the timing and cost, which can be considerable, of the construction of mining and processing facilities and related infrastructure;
·	the availability and cost of skilled labour and mining equipment;
·	the availability and cost of appropriate smelting and/or refining arrangements;
·	the need to obtain and maintain necessary environmental and other governmental approvals and permits, and the timing of those approvals and permits;
·	in the event that the required permits are not obtained in a timely manner, mine construction and ramp-up will be delayed and the risks of government environmental authorities issuing directives or commencing enforcement proceedings to cease operations or administrative, civil and criminal sanctions being imposed on the Company, its directors and employees;
·	delays in obtaining, or a failure to obtain, access to surface rights required for current or future operations;
·	the availability of funds to finance construction and development activities;
·	potential opposition from non-governmental organizations, environmental groups or local community groups which may delay or prevent development activities; and
·	potential increases in construction and operating costs due to changes in the cost of fuel, power, materials and supplies and foreign exchange rates.
The costs, timing and complexities of mine construction and development are increased by the remote location of the Waterberg Project, with additional challenges related thereto, including water and power supply and other support infrastructure. For example, water resources are scarce at the Waterberg Project. If the Company should decide to mine at the Waterberg Project, it will have to exploit local sources of water recently delineated by test drilling and develop the infrastructure required to transport water to the project area.  Similarly, the Company will need to secure a suitable location by purchase or long-term lease of surface or access rights at the Waterberg Project to establish the surface rights necessary to mine and process.
It is common in new mining operations to experience unexpected costs, problems and delays during development, construction and mine ramp-up. This is particularly so given the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic. Accordingly, there are no assurances that the Company's properties, will be brought into a state of commercial production.
Estimates of mineral reserves and mineral resources are based on interpretation and assumptions and are inherently imprecise.
The mineral resource and mineral reserve estimates contained in this Annual Report and the other documents incorporated by reference herein have been determined and valued based on assumed future prices, cut off grades and operating costs. However, until mineral deposits are actually mined and processed, mineral reserves and mineral resources must be considered as estimates only. Any such estimates are expressions of judgment based on knowledge, mining experience, analysis of drilling results and industry practices.  Estimates of operating costs are based on assumptions including those relating to inflation and currency exchange, which may prove incorrect. Estimates of mineralization can be imprecise and depend upon geological interpretation and statistical inferences drawn from drilling and sampling analysis, which may prove to be unreliable. In addition, the grade and/or quantity of precious metals ultimately recovered may differ from that indicated by drilling results. There can be no assurance that precious metals recovered in small scale tests will be duplicated in large scale tests under onsite conditions or in production scale. Amendments to the mine plans and production profiles may be required as the amount of resources changes or upon receipt of further information during the implementation phase of the project. Extended declines in market prices for platinum, palladium, rhodium and gold may render portions of the Company's mineralization uneconomic and result in reduced reported mineralization. Any material reductions in estimates of mineralization, or of the Company's ability to develop its properties and extract and sell such minerals, could have a material adverse effect on the Company's results of operations or financial condition.
21

Actual capital costs, operating costs, production and economic returns may differ significantly from those the Company has anticipated and there are no assurances that any future development activities will result in profitable mining operations.
The capital costs to take the Company's projects into commercial production may be significantly higher than anticipated. None of the Company's mineral properties has an operating history upon which the Company can base estimates of future operating costs. Decisions about the development of the Company's mineral properties will ultimately be based upon feasibility studies. Feasibility studies derive estimates of cash operating costs based upon, among other things:
·	anticipated tonnage, grades and metallurgical characteristics of the ore to be mined and processed;
·	anticipated recovery rates of metals from the ore;
·	cash operating costs of comparable facilities and equipment; and
·	anticipated climatic conditions.
Capital costs, operating costs, production and economic returns and other estimates contained in studies or estimates prepared by or for the Company may differ significantly from those anticipated by the Company's current studies and estimates, and there can be no assurance that the Company's actual capital and operating costs will not be higher than currently anticipated. As a result of higher capital and operating costs, production and economic returns may differ significantly from those the Company has anticipated.
The impact of the current COVID-19 pandemic may significantly impact the Company.
In December 2019, a novel strain of coronavirus known as SARS-CoV-2 which is responsible for the disease known as COVID-19 surfaced in Wuhan, China and has spread around the world, with resulting business and social disruption. COVID-19 was declared a worldwide pandemic by the World Health Organization on March 11, 2020. The speed and extent of the spread of COVID-19, and the duration and intensity of resulting business disruption and related financial and social impact, are uncertain. Further, the extent and manner to which COVID-19, and measures taken by governments, the Company or others to attempt to reduce the spread of COVID-19, may affect the Company and cannot be predicted with certainty. 
COVID-19 and the related measures taken by government have had and may continue to have an adverse impact on many aspects of the Company’s business including, employee health, workforce productivity and availability, travel restrictions, contractor availability, supply availability, the Company’s ability to maintain its controls and procedures regarding financial and disclosure matters and the availability of insurance and the costs thereof, some of which, individually or when aggregated with other impacts, may be material to the Company. 
22

With effect from March 26, 2020, the Government of South Africa ordered a hard national lockdown until April 21, 2020, where all residents of South Africa could only leave their residence under strictly controlled circumstances (e.g. to buy food, seek medical assistance) in order to address the COVID-19 pandemic.   The hard lockdown was thereafter extended to April 30, 2020. Currently, South Africa is under a phased risk-alert lockdown process, with Level 5 being the hard, drastic lockdown that was imposed during April 2020 and Level 1 being a return to normalcy, but retaining the use of masks, sanitizers, and social distancing. Level 1 was re-implemented on September 21, 2020. The relaxation of the hard lockdown resulted in the number of infections increasing and accelerating in South Africa. In response the Government moved South Africa from Level 1 to an adjusted Level 3 lockdown on December 29, 2020, with further Level 3 adjustments made on January 11, 2020.   On March 1, 2021, South Africa moved to an adjusted Level 1 as a result of significant reductions in new infections.   On May 31, 2021, the country was moved from adjusted level 1 to an adjusted alert level 2, due to a third wave of infections.   On June 15, 2021, the country was moved to alert level 3.   On June 28, 2021, the country was moved to adjusted level 4, with the Delta variant fast becoming the dominant strain in the country.   The Company cannot provide any assurances that governments in Canada or South Africa will not implement measures that result in suspension or reduction of development operations at Waterberg or other projects the Company is involved in. 
In addition, the actual or threatened spread of COVID-19 globally, and responses of governments and others to such actual or threatened spread, could also have a material adverse effect on the global economy, could continue to negatively affect financial markets, including the price of palladium and platinum and the trading price of the Company’s shares, could adversely affect the Company’s ability to raise capital, and could cause continued interest rate volatility and movements that could make obtaining financing or refinancing debt obligations more challenging or more expensive. Furthermore, with regard to the Company, the COVID-19 pandemic and the measures implemented for the prevention, mitigation and management thereof may result in delays in the grant of a water use licence or other authorisations and permits required for the Waterberg Project by reason of regulatory officials not being available, the restriction on the movement of persons to conduct inspections and site visits and the inability to meet with community consultative forums.
The current COVID-19 global health pandemic is significantly impacting the global economy and commodity and financial markets. The ongoing global COVID-19 pandemic has caused and continues to cause significant loss of life and has resulted in curtailment of economic activities across the world as local administrations and governments seek to limit spread of the disease, including through lockdown policies, restriction on business activities and business shutdowns. The full extent and impact of the COVID-19 pandemic is unknown and to date has included extreme volatility in financial markets, fluctuations in economic activity, extreme volatility in commodity prices (including gold, silver, palladium and oil and gas) and has raised the prospect of a global recession. As well, as efforts are undertaken to slow the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic, the operation and development of mining projects may be impacted. If a significant portion of our workforce becomes unable to work or travel to the Company's operations due to illness or state, federal or provincial government restrictions (including travel restrictions and "shelter-in-place" and similar orders restricting certain activities that may be issued or extended by authorities), the Company may be forced to reduce or suspend exploration activities and/or development projects which may impact liquidity and financial results.  In response to COVID-19, most of our employees have been asked at times to work from home.  We do employ cybersecurity measures; however, these security control mechanisms may not always be successful.
Because of the highly uncertain and dynamic nature of events relating to the COVID-19 pandemic, it is not currently possible to estimate the impact of the pandemic on the Company's business. However, these effects could have a material impact on the Company's operations, and the Company will continue to monitor the COVID-19 pandemic situation closely.
Pandemics and public health crises, such as COVID-19, may affect the geographies where our operations are located and those where PGMs are marketed and consumed, thereby having an adverse impact on our business, including the following:
·	Travel restrictions in connection with COVID-19 may negatively impact our employees' ability to travel as required to complete their duties to the Company;
·	Political and economic factors may be negatively affected by the COVID-19 pandemic, which may in term negatively impact the Company's business; and
·	Global market conditions caused by the COVID-19 pandemic may affect the rate of consumer spending, which could adversely affect the market price and outlook for PGMs, resulting in a negative affect to our overall financial performance.
To date, our operations have not been negatively affected in a material way by the COVID-19 pandemic.  However, there is no assurance that this will remain true in the future and the Company's business and financial position may be negatively affected by a range of external factors related to the COVID-19 pandemic that are not within our control.
The COVID-19 pandemic continues to evolve as countries are facing new waves of outbreaks. The ultimate extent to which the pandemic impacts our business, liquidity, results of operations and financial condition will depend on future developments, which are highly uncertain and cannot be predicted at this time, including the delivery and effectiveness of vaccines, future mutations of the COVID-19 virus and any resulting impact on the effectiveness of vaccines, the duration and extent of the pandemic and waves of infection, travel restrictions and social distancing, the duration and extent of business closures and business disruptions and the effectiveness of actions taken to contain, treat and prevent the disease. If we are not able to respond to and manage the impact of such events effectively, our business or the price of our equity shares may be adversely impacted.
To the extent the COVID-19 pandemic adversely affects the Company's business and financial results as discussed above, it may also have the effect of heightening many of the other risks described in this "Risk Factors" section.
The Company is subject to the risk of fluctuations in the relative values of the U.S. Dollar, the Rand and the Canadian Dollar.
The Company may be adversely affected by foreign currency fluctuations. Effective September 1, 2015, the Company adopted U.S. Dollars as the currency for the presentation of its financial statements. Historically, the Company has primarily generated funds through equity investments into the Company denominated in Canadian Dollars or U.S. Dollars. In the normal course of business, the Company enters into transactions for the purchase of supplies and services primarily denominated in Rand or Canadian Dollars. The Company also has assets, cash and liabilities denominated in Rand, Canadian Dollars and U.S. Dollars. Several of the Company's options to acquire properties or surface rights in South Africa may result in payments by the Company denominated in Rand or in U.S. Dollars. Exploration, development and administrative costs to be funded by the Company in South Africa will also be denominated in Rand. Settlement of sales of minerals from the Company's projects, once commercial production commences, will be in Rand, and will be converted to U.S. Dollars. Fluctuations in the exchange rates between the U.S. Dollar and the Rand or Canadian Dollar may have a material adverse effect on the Company's financial results.
23

In addition, South Africa has in the past experienced double-digit rates of inflation. If South Africa experiences substantial inflation in the future, the Company's costs in Rand terms will increase significantly, subject to movements in applicable exchange rates. Inflationary pressures may also curtail the Company's ability to access global financial markets in the longer term and its ability to fund planned capital expenditures, and could materially adversely affect the Company's business, financial condition and results of operations. Downgrades, and potential further downgrades, to South Africa's sovereign currency ratings by international ratings agencies would likely adversely affect the value of the Rand relative to the Canadian Dollar or U.S. Dollar. The South African government's response to inflation or other significant macro-economic pressures may include the introduction of policies or other measures that could increase the Company's costs, reduce operating margins and materially adversely affect its business, financial condition and results of operations.
Metal prices are subject to change, and low prices or a substantial or extended decline or volatility in such prices could materially and adversely affect the value of the Company's mineral properties and potential future results of operations and cash flows.
Metal prices have historically been subject to significant price fluctuations. No assurance may be given that metal prices will remain stable. Significant price fluctuations over short periods of time may be generated by numerous factors beyond the control of the Company, including:
·	domestic and international economic and political trends;
·	expectations of inflation;
·	currency exchange fluctuations;
·	interest rates;
·	global or regional consumption patterns;
·	speculative activities; and
·	increases or decreases in production due to improved mining and production methods.
Low metal prices or significant or continued reductions or volatility in metal prices may have an adverse effect on the Company's business, including the amount of the Company's mineral reserves, the economic attractiveness of the Company's projects, the Company's ability to obtain financing and develop projects, the amount of the Company's revenues or profit or loss and the value of the Company's assets. An impairment in the value of the Company's assets would require such assets to be written down to their estimated net recoverable amount. 
The Company may become subject to the requirements of the Investment Company Act, which would limit or alter the Company's business operations and may require the Company to spend significant resources, or dissolve, to comply with such act.
The Investment Company Act generally defines an "investment company" to include, subject to certain exceptions, an issuer that is engaged or proposes to engage in the business of investing, reinvesting, owning, holding or trading in securities, and owns or proposes to acquire investment securities having a value exceeding 40 percent of the issuer's unconsolidated assets, excluding cash items and securities issued by the U.S. federal government. The Company believes that it is not an investment company and is not subject to the Investment Company Act. However, future transactions that affect the Company's assets, operations and sources of income and loss may raise the risk that the Company could be deemed an investment company.
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The Company has obtained no formal determination from the SEC as to its status under the Investment Company Act, but the Company may in the future determine that it is necessary or desirable to seek an exemptive order from the SEC that it is not deemed to be an investment company. There can be no assurance that the SEC would agree with the Company that it is not an investment company, and the SEC may make a contrary determination with respect to the Company's status as an investment company. If an SEC exemptive order were unavailable, the Company may be required to liquidate or dispose of certain assets, including its interests in Waterberg JV Co., or otherwise alter its business plans or activities.
If the Company is deemed to be an investment company, the Company would be required to register as an investment company under the Investment Company Act, pursuant to which the Company would incur significant registration and compliance costs, which is unlikely to be feasible for the Company. In addition, a non-U.S. company such as the Company is not permitted to register under the Investment Company Act absent an order from the SEC, which may not be available. If the Company were deemed to be an investment company and it failed to register under the Investment Company Act, it would be subject to significant legal restrictions, including being prohibited from engaging in the following activities, except where incidental to the Company's dissolution: offering or selling any security or any interest in a security; purchasing, redeeming, retiring or otherwise acquiring any security or any interest in a security; controlling an investment company that engages in any of these activities; engaging in any business in interstate commerce; or controlling any company that is engaged in any business in interstate commerce. In addition, certain of the Company's contracts might not be enforceable and civil and criminal actions could be brought against the Company and related persons. As a result of this risk, the Company may be required to significantly limit or alter its business plans or activities.
The failure of the Company or its joint venture partners to fund their pro-rata share of funds under the respective joint ventures may have a material adverse effect on the Company's business and results of operations.
Funding of Waterberg Project costs is required to be provided by Waterberg JV Co. shareholders on a pro rata basis. The ability of the Company, and the ability and willingness of its joint venture partners, to satisfy required funding obligations is uncertain.
The Company's only material mineral property is the Waterberg Project, which is comprised of two adjacent project areas formerly known as the Waterberg Joint Venture Project, which was created in 2009 as a joint venture between the Company, the Japan Oil, Gas and Metals National Corporation ("JOGMEC") and Mnombo (the "Waterberg Joint Venture Project"), and the Waterberg Extension Project, which was created in 2009 as a joint venture between the Company and Mnombo (the "Waterberg Extension Project"). The Company agreed in the Mnombo shareholders' agreement to fund Mnombo's pro rata share of costs for the original Waterberg Joint Venture Project area through the completion of a definitive feasibility study ("DFS") for the Waterberg Project.  The Company announced the positive results of the DFS on September 24, 2019 and filed a related NI 43-101 technical report on October 7, 2019. The shareholders of Waterberg JV Co. formally approved the DFS on December 5, 2019.  Mnombo is responsible to fund its proportionate share of costs for the Waterberg Extension Project area.  The ability of Mnombo to repay the Company for advances and accrued interest as at August 31, 2021 of approximately R 100.4 million (approximately $6.9 million as at August 31, 2021) or to fund future investment in the Waterberg Project is uncertain. If the Company fails to fund Mnombo's future capital obligations for the Waterberg Project, Mnombo may be required to obtain funding from alternative sources, which may not be available on favorable terms, or at all. If Mnombo is unable to fund its share of such work, this may delay project expenditures and may result in dilution of Mnombo's interest in the Waterberg Project and require the sale of the diluted interests to another qualified broad-based black economic empowerment ("BEE") entity.
Because the development of the Company's projects depends on the ability to finance further operations, any inability of the Company or of one or more of the other shareholders of Waterberg JV Co. or Mnombo to fund their respective funding obligations and cash calls in the future could require the other parties, including the Company, to increase their respective funding of the project. In this event, such parties may be unwilling or unable to do on a timely and commercially reasonable basis, or at all. At the Maseve Mine, the Company was adversely affected by the failure of Africa Wide to satisfy its pro rata share of funding. The occurrence of the foregoing, the failure of any shareholder, including the Company, to increase their funding as required to cover any shortfall, as well as any dilution of its interests in the Company's ventures as a result of its own failure to satisfy a cash call, may have a material adverse effect on the Company's business and results of operations.
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Any disputes or disagreements with the other shareholders of Waterberg JV Co. or Mnombo could materially and adversely affect the Company's business.
The Company participates in corporatized joint ventures and may enter into other joint ventures and similar arrangements in the future.  PTM RSA is a party to the Waterberg Project shareholders' agreement with joint venture partners Implats, JOGMEC, Mnombo and Hanwa Co. Ltd. ("Hanwa"). PTM RSA is also a 49.9% shareholder of Mnombo and the relationship among the shareholders of Mnombo is governed by the Mnombo shareholders' agreement. Any dispute or disagreement with another shareholder or joint venture partner, any change in the identity, management or strategic direction of another shareholder or joint venture partner, or any disagreement among the Mnombo shareholders, including with respect to Mnombo's role in the Waterberg Project, could materially adversely affect the Company's business and results of operations. If a dispute arises between the Company and another shareholder or joint venture partner or the other Mnombo shareholders that cannot be resolved amicably, the Company may be unable to move its projects forward and may be involved in lengthy and costly proceedings to resolve the dispute. This could materially and adversely affect the Company's business and results of operations.
If the Company is unable to attract and retain key members of management, the Company's business might be harmed. 
The Company's development to date has depended, and in the future, will continue to depend, on the efforts of its senior management including Frank Hallam, a director and Interim President and Chief Executive Officer of the Company; Greg Blair, Interim Chief Financial Officer and Kris Begic, Vice President Corporate Development of the Company. The Company's future success may also depend on its ability to attract and retain new qualified executives. The Company currently does not, and does not intend to, have key person insurance for its existing senior management. Departures by members of senior management could have a negative impact on the Company's business, as the Company may not be able to find suitable personnel to replace departing management on a timely basis or at all. The loss of any member of the senior management team or the inability to attract new qualified executives could impair the Company's ability to execute its business plan and could therefore have a material adverse effect on the Company's business, results of operations and financial condition.
If the Company is unable to procure the services of skilled and experienced personnel, the Company's business might be harmed.
There is currently a shortage of skilled and experienced personnel in the mining industry in South Africa. The competition for skilled and experienced employees is exacerbated by the fact that mining companies operating in South Africa are legally obliged to recruit and retain historically disadvantaged persons ("HDPs"), as defined by the MPRDA and women with the relevant skills and experience at levels that meet the transformation objectives set out in the MPRDA and Mining Charter 2018.  If the Company is unable to attract and retain sufficiently trained, skilled or experienced personnel, its business may suffer, and it may experience significantly higher staff or contractor costs, which could have a material adverse effect on its business, results of operations and financial condition.
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Conflicts of interest may arise among the Company's officers and directors as a result of their involvement with other mineral resource companies.
Certain of the Company's officers and directors are, and others may become, associated with other natural resource companies that acquire interests in mineral properties. Frank Hallam, a director and Interim President and Chief Executive Officer of the Company (1), is also Chief Financial Officer and Corporate Secretary of West Vault Mining Inc. ("WVM"), a public company with mineral exploration properties in Nevada. John A. Copelyn, a director of the Company, is also Chief Executive Officer of Hosken Consolidated Investments Limited ("HCI"), a significant shareholder of the Company and the holder of a diverse group of investments including hotel and leisure, interactive gaming, media and broadcasting, transport, mining, clothing and properties. Diana Walters, non-executive Chairman and a director of the Company, was formerly an executive officer of Liberty Metals & Mining, LLC ("LMM") and is also a director of Atmos Energy Corporation and Trilogy Metals Inc.  Stuart Harshaw, a director of the Company, is also director, president and CEO of Nickel Creek Platinum Corp. and a director of Constantine Metal Resources Ltd. and International Tower Hill Mines Ltd.
Such associations may give rise to conflicts of interest from time to time. As a result of these potential conflicts of interests, the Company may miss the opportunity to participate in certain transactions, which may have a material adverse effect on the Company's financial position. The Company's directors are required by law to act honestly and in good faith with a view to the best interests of the Company and to disclose any interest that they may have in any project or opportunity of the Company.  If a subject involving a conflict of interest arises at a meeting of the board of directors of the Company (the "Board"), any director in a conflict must disclose his interest and abstain from voting on such matter.
The Company is currently subject to litigation and may become subject to additional litigation and other legal proceedings, that may adversely affect the Company's financial condition and results of operations.
All companies may become subject to legal claims, with and without merit. The Company's operations are subject to the risk of legal claims by employees, unions, contractors, lenders, suppliers, joint venture partners, shareholders, governmental agencies or others through private actions, class actions, administrative proceedings, regulatory actions or other litigation. On September 20, 2018 the Company reported the receipt of a summons issued by Africa Wide, formerly the holder of a 17.1% interest in Maseve, whereby Africa Wide had instituted legal proceedings in South Africa against the Company's wholly owned subsidiary, PTM RSA, Royal Bafokeng Platinum Limited ("RBPlat") and Maseve Sale Transaction (defined below). Africa Wide is seeking to set aside or be paid increased value for, the Maseve Sale Transaction. While the Company believes that the Africa Wide action is factually and legally defective, no assurance can be provided that the Company will prevail in this action. If Africa Wide were successful, it could have a material adverse effect on the Company.
On and following March 5, 2021, the Company received three notices of appeal, filed by individual appellants from local communities, against the January 28, 2021 decision of the DMRE granting the Waterberg Mining Right.  One group filed an application for an order in the High Court of South Africa to review and set aside the decision by the Minister of the DFFE (the "Environmental Minister") to refuse condonation for the late filing of the group's appeal against the grant of an Environmental Authorization for the Waterberg Mine in November 2020.  Waterberg JV Resources (Pty) (Ltd.) ("Waterberg JV Co.") is opposing the review application as well as the Appeals and believes these are all without merit.
On July 30, 2021, Waterberg JV Co. received an urgent interdict application from a group located near planned surface infrastructure.  Waterberg JV Co. promptly filed an answering affidavit denying urgency and arguing that the application is without merit.  The Applicants have not responded and were obliged to remove their application from the urgent court roll. The application may proceed as a normal High Court application.  Host community Ketting has applied to join as an interested party to the application and another host community submitted a confirmatory affidavit, both communities being in support of the Waterberg Mine.  The Ketting Community joinder application was filed on November 16, 2021 but a time frame for the hearing of the interdict application is uncertain or may never occur.
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(1) Frank Hallam was appointed Interim President and Chief Executive Officer of the Company on July 29, 2021, following the resignation of R. Michael Jones as a director and officer of the Company.
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The Company believes that all requirements specified under the National Environmental Management Act, the Mineral and Petroleum Resources Development Act and other applicable legislation have been complied with and that the DFFE correctly approved and the DMRE correctly issued the Environmental Authorization.  The Company also believes that the leadership and majority of residents in the host communities support the Waterberg Project.
The outcome of litigation and other legal proceedings that the Company may be involved in the future, particularly regulatory actions, is difficult to assess or quantify. Plaintiffs may seek recovery of very large or indeterminate amounts, or equitable remedies such as setting aside the Maseve Sale Transaction, and the magnitude of the potential loss relating to such lawsuits may remain unknown for substantial periods of time.  Appellants may seek the reversal of granted permits, resulting in significant delays and uncertainties.  Defense and settlement costs can be substantial, even with respect to claims that have no merit. Due to the inherent uncertainty of the litigation process, the litigation process could take away from the time and effort of the Company's management and could force the Company to pay substantial legal fees. There can be no assurance that the resolution of any particular legal proceeding, including the Africa Wide action, will not have an adverse effect on the Company's financial position and results of operations. 
An actual or alleged breach or breaches in governance processes or fraud, bribery and corruption may lead to public and private censure, regulatory penalties, loss of licenses or permits and may damage the Company's reputation.
The Company is subject to anti-corruption laws and regulations, including the Canadian Corruption of Foreign Public Officials Act and certain restrictions applicable to U.S. reporting companies imposed by the U.S. Foreign Corrupt Practices Act of 1977, as amended, and similar anti-corruption and anti-bribery laws in South Africa, which generally prohibit companies from bribing or making other prohibited payments to foreign public officials in order to obtain or retain an advantage in the course of business. The Company's Code of Business Conduct and Ethics (the "Code of Conduct"), among other governance and compliance processes, may not prevent instances of fraudulent behavior and dishonesty nor guarantee compliance with legal and regulatory requirements. The Company is particularly exposed to the potential for corruption and bribery owing to the financial scale of the mining business in South Africa.  In March 2014, the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (the "OECD") released its Phase 3 Report on Implementing the OECD Anti-Bribery Convention in South Africa, criticizing South Africa for failing to enforce the anti-bribery convention to which it has been a signatory since 2007. The absence of enforcement of corporate liability for foreign bribery coincides with recent growth in corporate activity in South Africa's economic environment. Allegations of bribery, improper personal influence or officials holding simultaneous business interests have been linked in recent years to the highest levels of the South African government.  To the extent that the Company suffers from any actual or alleged breach or breaches of relevant laws, including South African anti-bribery and corruption legislation, it may lead to regulatory and civil fines, litigation, public and private censure and loss of operating licenses or permits and may damage the Company's reputation. The occurrence of any of these events could have an adverse effect on the Company's business, financial condition and results of operations.
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Risks Related to the Mining Industry
Mining is inherently dangerous and is subject to conditions or events beyond the Company's control, which could have a material adverse effect on the Company's business. 
Hazards such as fire, explosion, floods, structural collapses, industrial accidents, unusual or unexpected geological conditions, ground control problems, power outages, inclement weather, cave-ins and mechanical equipment failure are inherent risks in the Company's mining operations. These and other hazards may cause injuries or death to employees, contractors or other persons at the Company's mineral properties, severe damage to and destruction of the Company's property, plant and equipment and mineral properties, and contamination of, or damage to, the environment, and may result in the suspension of the Company's exploration and development activities and any future production activities. Safety measures implemented by the Company may not be successful in preventing or mitigating future accidents and the Company may not be able to obtain insurance to cover these risks at economically feasible premiums or at all. Insurance against certain environmental risks is not generally available to the Company or to other companies within the mining industry.
In addition, from time to time the Company may be subject to governmental investigations and claims and litigation filed on behalf of persons who are harmed while at its properties or otherwise in connection with the Company's operations. To the extent that the Company is subject to personal injury or other claims or lawsuits in the future, it may not be possible to predict the ultimate outcome of these claims and lawsuits due to the nature of personal injury litigation. Similarly, if the Company is subject to governmental investigations or proceedings, the Company may incur significant penalties and fines, and enforcement actions against it could result in the cessation of certain of the Company's mining operations. If claims, lawsuits, governmental investigations or proceedings, including Section 54 stoppage notices issued under the Mine Health and Safety Act, No. 29 of 1996 (the "MHSA"), are resolved against the Company, the Company's financial performance, financial position and results of operations could be materially adversely affected.
The Company's prospecting and mining rights are subject to title risks.
The Company's prospecting and mining rights may be subject to prior unregistered agreements, transfers, claims and title may be affected by undetected defects. Although Waterberg JV Co. had the exclusive right to apply for and be granted the mining right in regard to the Waterberg Project by reason of its prior holding of the prospecting rights over the project area, a successful challenge to the precise area and location of these claims could result in the Company being unable to operate on its properties as permitted or being unable to enforce its rights with respect to its properties. This could result in the Company not being compensated for its prior expenditures relating to the property. Title insurance is generally not available for mineral properties and the Company's ability to ensure that it has obtained secure claims to individual mineral properties or mining concessions may be severely constrained. These or other defects could adversely affect the Company's title to its properties or delay or increase the cost of the development of such prospecting and mining rights.
The Company is subject to significant governmental regulation.
The Company's operations and exploration and development activities in South Africa and Canada are subject to extensive federal, state, provincial, territorial and local laws and regulation governing various matters, including:
·	environmental protection and land use;
·	management and use of hazardous and toxic substances and explosives;
·	management of tailings and other waste generated by the Company's operations;
·	management of natural resources;
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·	exploration, development of mines, production and post-closure reclamation;
·	exports and, in South Africa, potential local beneficiation quotas;
·	price controls;
·	taxation;
·	regulations concerning business dealings with local communities;
·	labour standards, BEE laws and regulations and occupational health and safety, including mine safety; and
·	historic and cultural preservation.
Failure to comply with applicable laws and regulations may result in civil or criminal fines or administrative penalties or enforcement actions, including orders issued by regulatory or judicial authorities enjoining or curtailing operations, requiring corrective measures, installation of additional equipment, remedial actions or recovery of costs if the authorities attend to remediation of any environmental pollution or degradation, any of which could result in the Company incurring significant expenditures. Environmental non-profit organizations have become particularly vigilant in South Africa and focus on the mining sector. Several such organizations have recently instituted actions against mining companies. The Company may also be required to compensate private parties suffering loss or damage by reason of a breach of such laws, regulations or permitting requirements. It is also possible that future laws and regulations, or a more stringent enforcement of current laws and regulations by governmental authorities, could cause additional expense, capital expenditures, restrictions on or suspensions of the Company's operations and delays in the development of the Company's properties.
The Company may face equipment shortages, access restrictions and lack of infrastructure.
Natural resource exploration, development and mining activities are dependent on the availability of mining, drilling and related equipment in the particular areas where such activities are conducted. A limited supply of such equipment or access restrictions may affect the availability of such equipment to the Company and may delay exploration, development or extraction activities.  Certain equipment may not be immediately available or may require long lead time orders. A delay in obtaining necessary equipment for mineral exploration, including drill rigs, could have a material adverse effect on the Company's operations and financial results.
Mining, processing, development and exploration activities also depend, to one degree or another, on the availability of adequate infrastructure. Reliable roads, bridges, power sources, fuel and water supply and the availability of skilled labour and other infrastructure are important determinants that affect capital and operating costs. At the Waterberg Project, additional infrastructure will be required prior to commencement of mining. The establishment and maintenance of infrastructure, and services are subject to a number of risks, including risks related to the availability of equipment and materials, inflation, cost overruns and delays, political or community opposition and reliance upon third parties, many of which are outside the Company's control. The lack of availability on acceptable terms or the delay in the availability of any one or more of these items could prevent or delay development or ongoing operation of the Company's projects.
Exploration of mineral properties is less intrusive, and generally requires fewer surface and access rights, than properties developed for mining. The Company has not secured any surface rights at the Waterberg Project other than those access rights legislated by the MPRDA. If a decision is made to develop the Waterberg Project, the Company will need to secure such rights. No assurances can be provided that the Company will be able to secure required surface rights on favorable terms, or at all. Any failure by the Company to secure surface rights could prevent or delay development of the Company's projects.
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The Company's operations are subject to environmental laws and regulations that may increase the Company's costs of doing business and restrict its operations.
Environmental legislation on a global basis is evolving in a manner that will ensure stricter standards and enforcement, increased fines and penalties for non-compliance, more stringent environmental assessment of proposed development and a higher level of responsibility and potential liability for companies and their officers, directors, employees and, potentially, shareholders. Compliance with environmental laws and regulations may require significant capital outlays on behalf of the Company and may cause material changes or delays in the Company's intended activities. There can be no assurance that future changes to environmental legislation in Canada or South Africa will not adversely affect the Company's operations. Environmental hazards may exist on the Company's properties which are unknown at present and which have been caused by previous or existing owners or operators for which the Company could be held liable. Furthermore, future compliance with environmental reclamation, closure and other requirements may involve significant costs and other liabilities. In particular, the Company's operations and exploration activities are subject to Canadian and South African national and provincial laws and regulations governing protection of the environment.  Such laws are continually changing and, in general, are becoming more onerous. See Item 4.B. - South African Regulatory Framework.
Amendments to current laws, regulations and permits governing operations and activities of mining companies, or more stringent implementation thereof, could have a material adverse impact on the Company and cause increases in capital expenditures or production costs or a reduction in levels of production at producing properties or require abandonment or delays in development of new mining properties. Environmental hazards may exist on the Company's properties that are unknown at the present time, and that may have been caused by previous owners or operators or that may have occurred naturally. These hazards, as well as any pollution caused by the Company's mining activities, may give rise to significant financial obligations in the future and such obligations could have a material adverse effect on the Company's financial performance.
The mineral exploration industry is extremely competitive.
The resource industry is intensely competitive in all of its phases. Much of the Company's competition is from larger, established mining companies with greater liquidity, greater access to credit and other financial resources, and that may have newer or more efficient equipment, lower cost structures, more effective risk management policies and procedures and/or greater ability than the Company to withstand losses. The Company's competitors may be able to respond more quickly to new laws or regulations or emerging technologies or devote greater resources to the expansion of their operations, than the Company can. In addition, current and potential competitors may make strategic acquisitions or establish cooperative relationships among themselves or with third parties. Competition could adversely affect the Company's ability to acquire suitable new producing properties or prospects for exploration in the future. Competition could also affect the Company's ability to raise financing to fund the exploration and development of its properties or to hire qualified personnel. The Company may not be able to compete successfully against current and future competitors, and any failure to do so could have a material adverse effect on the Company's business, financial condition or results of operations.
The Company requires various permits in order to conduct its current and anticipated future operations, and delays or a failure to obtain such permits, or a failure to comply with the terms of any such permits that the Company has obtained, could have a material adverse impact on the Company.
The Company's current and anticipated future operations, including further exploration, development activities and commencement of commercial production on the Company's properties, require permits from various national, provincial, territorial and local governmental authorities in the countries in which the Company's properties are located. Compliance with the applicable environmental legislation, permits and land use consents is required on an ongoing basis, and the requirements under such legislation, permits and consents are evolving rapidly and imposing additional requirements. The Waterberg Project prospecting rights and the Waterberg Mining Right issued by the Department of Mineral Resources and Energy ("DMRE") are also subject to land use consents and compliance with applicable legislation on an ongoing basis.
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In addition, the duration and success of efforts to obtain, amend and renew permits are contingent upon many variables not within the Company's control. Shortage of qualified and experienced personnel in the various levels of government could result in delays or inefficiencies. Backlog within the permitting agencies, particularly given the COVID-19 pandemic, could also affect the permitting timeline of the Company's various projects. Other factors that could affect the permitting timeline include the number of other large-scale projects currently in a more advanced stage of development, which could slow down the review process, and significant public response regarding a specific project. As well, it can be difficult to assess what specific permitting requirements will ultimately apply to all the Company's projects.
Information Systems and Cyber Security
The Company's operations depend on information technology ("IT") systems. These IT systems could be subject to network disruptions caused by a variety of sources, including computer viruses, security breaches and cyber- attacks, as well as disruptions resulting from incidents such as cable cuts, damage to physical plants, natural disasters, terrorism, fire, power loss, vandalism and theft. The Company's operations also depend on the timely maintenance, upgrade and replacement of networks, equipment, IT systems and software, as well as pre-emptive expenses to mitigate the risks of failures. Any of these and other events could result in information system failures, delays and/or increase in capital expenses. The failure of information systems or a component of information systems could, depending on the nature of any such failure, adversely impact the Company's reputation and results of operations. 
Although to date the Company has not experienced any material losses relating to cyber attacks or other information security breaches, there can be no assurance that the Company will not incur such losses in the future. The Company's risk and exposure to these matters cannot be fully mitigated because of, among other things, the evolving nature of these threats. As a result, cyber security and the continued development and enhancement of controls, processes and practices designed to protect systems, computers, software, data and networks from attack, damage or unauthorized access remain a priority. As cyber threats continue to evolve, the Company may be required to expend additional resources to continue to modify or enhance protective measures or to investigate and remediate any security vulnerabilities.
Risks of Doing Business in South Africa
Any adverse decision in respect of the Company's mineral rights and projects in South Africa under the MPRDA could materially affect the Company's projects in South Africa.
With the enactment of the MPRDA, the South African state became the sole regulator of all prospecting and mining operations in South Africa. All prospecting and mining licenses and claims granted in terms of any prior legislation became known as the "old order rights". All prospecting and mining rights granted in terms of the MPRDA are "new order rights". The treatment of new applications and pending applications is uncertain and any adverse decision by the relevant regulatory authorities under the MPRDA may adversely affect title to the Company's mineral rights in South Africa, which could stop, materially delay or restrict the Company from proceeding with its exploration and development activities or any future mining operations.
A wide range of factors and principles must be taken into account by the Minister of Mineral Resources and Energy (the "Minister") when considering applications for new order rights. These factors include the applicant's access to financial resources and appropriate technical ability to conduct the proposed prospecting or mining operations, the environmental impact of the operation, whether the applicant holds an environmental authorization, water-use licence and waste management licence and, in the case of prospecting rights, considerations relating to fair competition.  Other factors include considerations relevant to promoting employment and the social and economic welfare of all South Africans and showing compliance with the provisions regarding the empowerment of HDPs in the mining industry. All the Company's current prospecting rights and the Waterberg Mining Right are new order rights.
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The assessment of some of the provisions of the MPRDA or the Mining Charter 2018 may be subjective and is dependent upon the views of the DMRE as to whether the Company is in compliance. The Waterberg Social and Labour Plan (defined below), for instance, will contain both quantitative and qualitative goals, targets and commitments relating to the Company's obligations to its employees and community residents, the achievement of some of which are not exclusively within the Company's control.
The Minister has the discretion to cancel or suspend mining rights under Section 47(1) of the MPRDA as a consequence of the Company's non-compliance with the MPRDA, environmental legislation, the terms of its prospecting rights or the terms of the Waterberg Mining Right.
The Section 47 process involves multiple, successive stages which include granting the Company a reasonable opportunity to show why its rights should not be cancelled or suspended. Pursuant to the terms of the provisions of Section 6(2)(e)(iii) of the Promotion of Administrative Justice Act, No. 3 of 2000 (the "PAJA") read with Section 6 of the MPRDA, the Minister can direct the Company to take remedial measures. If such remedial measures are not taken, the Minister must again give the Company a reasonable opportunity to make representations as to why such remedial measures were not taken. The Minister must then properly consider the Company's further representations (which considerations must also comply with PAJA) and only then is the Minister entitled to cancel or suspend a mining right. Any such cancellation or suspension will be subject to judicial review if it is not in compliance with the MPRDA or PAJA, or it is not lawful, reasonable and procedurally fair under Section 33(1) of the South African Constitution (the "Constitution").
Failure by the Company to meet its obligations in relation to the MPRDA, its prospecting rights or its mining right, could lead to the suspension or cancellation of such rights and the suspension of the Company's other rights, which would have a material adverse effect on the Company's business, financial condition and results of operations.
The failure to maintain or increase equity participation by HDPs in the Company's prospecting and mining operations could adversely affect the Company's ability to maintain its prospecting and mining rights.
The Company is subject to a number of South African statutes aimed at promoting the accelerated integration of HDPs, including the MPRDA, the Broad-Based Black Economic Empowerment Act, 2003 (the "BEE Act"), and Mining Charter 2018. To ensure that socioeconomic strategies are implemented, the MPRDA provides for the Mining Codes which specify empowerment targets consistent with the objectives of Mining Charter 2018 (the "Mining Codes"). The Mining Charter 2018 Scorecard requires the mining industry's commitment of applicants in respect of ownership, management, employment equity, human resource development, procurement, mine community development and housing and living conditions. For ownership by BEE groups in mining enterprises, the previous mining charter ("Mining Charter 2010") set a 26% target by December 31, 2014.
The South African government awards procurement contracts, quotas, licenses, permits and prospecting and mining rights based on numerous factors, including the degree of HDP ownership. The MPRDA and Mining Charter 2018 contain provisions relating to the economic empowerment of HDPs. One of the requirements which must be met before the DMRE will issue a mining right is that an applicant must facilitate equity participation by HDPs in the prospecting and mining operations which result from the granting of the relevant rights.
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The Company has sought to satisfy the foregoing requirements by partnering, at the operating company level, with companies demonstrating 26% HDP ownership. The Company has partnered with Mnombo in respect to the Waterberg Mining Right and for the prospecting rights.
The Company is satisfied that Mnombo is majority-owned by HDPs. The contractual arrangements between Mnombo, the Company and the HDPs require the HDPs to maintain a minimum level of HDP ownership in Mnombo of more than 50%.  However, if at any time Mnombo becomes a company that is not majority owned by HDPs, the ownership structure relating to the Waterberg Mining Right and the prospecting rights and applications over the Waterberg Project may be deemed not to satisfy HDP requirements.
On September 27, 2018, the Minister announced the implementation, with immediate effect, of Mining Charter 2018.
Mining Charter 2018 sets out new and revised targets to be achieved by mining companies, the most pertinent of these being the revised BEE ownership shareholding requirements for mining rights holders. The Mining Charter 2018 no longer applies to prospecting rights. Mining Charter 2018 provides revised ownership structures for mining rights holders. The application of the revised ownership structures depends on whether the holder of the mining right was granted the mining right after September 27, 2018, had an application for a mining right accepted before September 27, 2018 or had an existing mining right that was granted prior to September 27, 2018. Holders of existing mining right who achieved a minimum of 26% BEE shareholding, or who achieved a 26% BEE shareholding but whose BEE shareholders exited prior to September 27, 2018 will be recognised as BEE ownership compliant for the duration of the mining right and any period of renewal thereof.  New mining rights holders will be required to have a minimum 30% black person shareholding (which includes African, Coloured and Indian persons who are citizens of the Republic of South Africa or who became citizens of the Republic of South Africa by naturalisation before April 27, 1994, or a juristic person managed and controlled by such persons) (a 4% increase from the previously required 26% under the Mining Charter 2010), which shall include economic interest plus a corresponding percentage of voting rights, per right or in the mining company which holds the right. Applicants for mining rights whose applications have been filed and accepted before September 27, 2018 (as is the position with Waterberg JV Co.) will have a period of five years from the effective date of the right within which to increase their BEE shareholding to 30%. Whether such 30% will be required to reflect the Stipulated Distribution to employees, communities and black entrepreneurs (as defined below) is not clear. The Company holds an opinion from senior counsel advising that such distribution is not required, but such opinion is not a guarantee.
The BEE ownership element of 30% BEE shareholding is ring fenced and requires 100% compliance at all times, other than as set out in Mining Charter 2018. The 30% BEE shareholding for new mining rights must be distributed as to:
(i) a minimum of 5% non-transferable carried interest to qualifying employees from the effective date of a mining right. The definition of qualifying employees excludes employees who already own shares in the Company as a condition of their employment, except where such is a "Mining Charter" requirement;
(ii) a minimum of 5% non-transferable carried interest from the effective date of a mining right, or a minimum 5% equity equivalent benefit; and
(iii) a minimum of 20% shareholding to a BEE entrepreneur, of which 5% must preferably be for women (collectively, the "Stipulated Distribution").
The carried interest of 5% to each of the community and the employees must be issued to them at no cost and free of encumbrance. The costs to the right holder of such issue can be recovered from the development of the mineral asset.
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A holder can claim an ownership offset credit for beneficiation on the basis of a DMRE approved "beneficiation equity equivalent plan". However, the baselines for beneficiation are still required to be determined by the Minister.
The Waterberg Project shareholders' agreement confirms the principles of BEE compliance and contemplates the potential transfer of equity and the issuance of additional equity to one or more broad based black empowerment partners at fair value in certain circumstances, including a change in law or imposition of a requirement upon Waterberg JV Co. In certain circumstances, Mnombo may be diluted with equity transferred or issued to different black empowerment shareholders.
An additional tax is also being raised for Human Resource Development. A right holder will be required to pay 5% of the "leviable amount", being the levy payable under the South African Skills Development Act, No. 97 of 1998, (excluding the mandatory statutory skills levy) towards essential skills development activities such as science, technology, engineering, mathematics skills as well as artisans, internships, apprentices, bursaries, literacy and numeracy skills for employees and non-employees (community members), graduate training programs, research and development of solutions in exploration, mining, processing, technology efficiency (energy and water use in mining), beneficiation as well as environmental conservation and rehabilitation.
In regard to employment equity, the Mining Charter 2018 sets minimum levels for the participation of black persons on all levels of company management.
Compliance with a mining right holder's mine community development obligations, principally in terms of its approved social and labour plan ("SLP"), is a ring-fenced element of Mining Charter 2018 which requires 100% annual compliance for the duration of the mining right.
Subject to conditions contained in the prospecting rights and the Waterberg Mining Right, the Company may be required to obtain approval from the DMRE prior to undergoing any change in its empowerment status under Mining Charter 2018.  In addition, if the Company or its BEE partners are found to be in non-compliance with the requirements of Mining Charter 2018 and other BEE legislation, including failure to retain the requisite level of HDP ownership, the Company may face possible suspension or cancellation of its rights under a process governed by Section 47 of the MPRDA.
In addition, Mining Charter 2018 requires that its provisions be implemented in accordance with Implementation Guidelines, published on December 19, 2018. This creates greater uncertainty in measuring the Company's progress towards, and compliance with, its commitments under Mining Charter 2018 and other BEE legislation. 
On March 27, 2019, the Minerals Council South Africa announced that it had launched review proceedings against the Minister to set aside certain provisions of Mining Charter 2018. Essentially the review concerned a requirement in the Mining Charter 2018 that mining firms re-empower themselves in order to renew mining licenses or transfer mining rights, contrary to the so-called 'once empowered, always empowered' principle. Judgment in favour of the Minerals Council South Africa was handed down on September 21, 2021. The court confirmed the 'once empowered, always empowered' principle, confirmed that the Mining Charter 2018 was a policy document and not subordinate legislation and held that a breach of the Mining Charter 2018, of itself, could not result in cancellation of a mining right. The Minister has indicated that he intends to appeal this judgment.
The Company is obliged to report on its compliance with Mining Charter 2018 against Mining Charter 2018 Scorecard, including its percentage of HDP shareholding, to the DMRE on an annual basis.
When the Company is required to increase the percentage of HDP ownership in any of its operating companies or projects, the Company's interests may be diluted.  In addition, it is possible that any such transactions or plans may need to be executed at a discount to the proper economic value of the Company's operating assets or it may also prove necessary for the Company to provide vendor financing or other support in respect of some or all of the consideration, which may be on non-commercial terms.
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Currently, the South African Department of Trade, Industry and Competition is responsible for leading government action on the implementation of BEE initiatives under the auspices of the BEE Act and the Generic BEE Codes (defined below), while certain industries have their own transformation charters administered by the relevant government department (in this case, the DMRE). The BEE Act (defined below) came into operation on October 24, 2014.  Among other matters, the BEE Amendment Act, through section 3(2), amends the BEE Act to make the BEE Act the overriding legislation in South Africa with regard to BEE requirements and will require all governmental bodies to apply the Generic BEE Codes or other relevant code of good practice when procuring goods and services or issuing licenses or other authorizations under any other laws, and penalize fronting or misrepresentation of BEE information. The Trumping Provision (defined below) came into effect on October 24, 2015. On October 30, 2015, the South African Minister of Trade, Industry and Competition exempted the DMRE from applying the Trumping Provision for a period of twelve months on the basis that the alignment of Mining Charter 2018 with the BEE Act and the Generic BEE Codes was an ongoing process. The Mining Charter 2018 purports to be aligned with the Generic BEE Codes. The Trumping Provision expired on October 31, 2016 and no new application for exemption was made. Generally speaking, the amended Generic BEE Codes will make BEE-compliance by mining companies more onerous to achieve. The DMRE and industry bodies are aware of the implications of the Trumping Provision. Notwithstanding that there has been no further extension of the exemption in respect of the Trumping Provision, to date, the DMRE continues to apply the provisions of Mining Charter 2010 and Mining Charter 2018, as applicable, and not the Generic BEE Codes. See Item 4.B. - South African Regulatory Framework - Black Economic Empowerment in the South African Mining Industry, and -Mining Charter.
The Generic BEE Codes and Mining Charter 2018 require Mnombo to be 51% held and controlled by HDPs to qualify it as a "black-controlled company" or a "BEE Entrepreneur" and hence a qualified BEE entity. Mnombo is presently 50.1% owned and controlled by HDPs. 
If the Company is unable to achieve or maintain its empowered status under Mining Charter 2018 or comply with any other BEE legislation or policies, it may not be able to maintain its existing prospecting and mining rights and/or acquire any new rights; and therefore, would be obliged to suspend or dispose of some or all of its operations in South Africa, which would likely have a material adverse effect on the Company's business, financial condition and results of operations.
Socio-economic instability in South Africa or regionally, including the risk of resource nationalism, may have an adverse effect on the Company's operations and profits.
The Company has ownership interests in a significant project in South Africa. As a result, it is subject to political and economic risks relating to South Africa, which could affect an investment in the Company. Downgrades, and potential further downgrades, to South Africa's sovereign currency ratings by international ratings agencies would likely adversely affect the value of the Rand relative to the Canadian Dollar or U.S. Dollar. South Africa was transformed into a democracy in 1994. The government policies aimed at redressing the disadvantages suffered by the majority of citizens under previous governments may impact the Company's South African business. In addition to political issues, South Africa faces many challenges in overcoming substantial differences in levels of economic development among its people. Large parts of the South African population do not have access to adequate education, health care, housing and other services, including water and electricity. The Company also faces a number of risks from deliberate, malicious or criminal acts relating to these inequalities, including theft, fraud, bribery and corruption.
The Company is also subject to the risk of resource nationalism, which encompasses a range of measures, such as expropriation or taxation, whereby governments increase their economic interest in natural resources, with or without compensation. Although wholesale nationalization was rejected by the ruling party, the African National Congress (the "ANC"), leading into the 2014 national elections, a resolution adopted by the ANC on nationalization calls for state intervention in the economy, including "state ownership". A wide range of stakeholders have proposed ways in which the State could extract greater economic value from the South African mining industry. A call for resource nationalization has also been made by the Economic Freedom Fighters, a political party under the leadership of Julius Malema.
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The Company cannot predict the future political, social and economic direction of South Africa or the manner in which the government will attempt to address the country's inequalities. Actions taken by the South African government, or by its people without the sanction of law, could have a material adverse effect on the Company's business. Furthermore, there has been regional, political and economic instability in countries north of South Africa, which may affect South Africa. Such factors may have a negative impact on the Company's ability to own, operate and manage its South African mining projects.
Labour disruptions and increased labour costs could have an adverse effect on the Company's results of operations and financial condition. 
Although the Company's employees are not unionized at this time, trade unions could have a significant impact on the Company's labour relations, as well as on social and political reforms. There is a risk that strikes or other types of conflict with unions or employees may occur at any of the Company's operations, particularly where the labour force is unionized. Labour disruptions may be used to advocate labour, political or social goals in the future. For example, labour disruptions may occur in sympathy with strikes or labour unrest in other sectors of the economy. South African employment law sets out minimum terms and conditions of employment for employees, which form the benchmark for all employment contracts. Disruptions in the Company's business due to strikes or further developments in South African labour laws may increase the Company's costs or alter its relationship with its employees and trade unions, which may have an adverse effect on the Company's financial condition and operations. South Africa has recently experienced widespread illegal strikes and violence.
Changes in South African State royalties where many of the Company's mineral reserves are located could have an adverse effect on the Company's results of operations and its financial condition.
The Mineral and Petroleum Resources Royalty Act, No. 28 of 2008 (the "Royalty Act") effectively came into operation on May 1, 2009. The Royalty Act establishes a variable royalty rate regime, in which the prevailing royalty rate for the year of assessment is assessed against the gross sales of the extractor during the year. The royalty rate is calculated based on the profitability of the mine (EBIT) and varies depending on whether the mineral is transferred in refined or unrefined form. For mineral resources transferred in unrefined form, the minimum royalty rate is 0.5% of gross sales and the maximum royalty rate is 7% of gross sales. For mineral resources transferred in refined form, the maximum royalty rate is 5% of gross sales. The royalty will be a tax-deductible expense. The royalty becomes payable when the mineral resource is "transferred," which refers to the disposal of a mineral resource, the export of a mineral resource or the consumption, theft, destruction or loss of a mineral resource. The Royalty Act allows the holder of a mining right to enter into an agreement with the tax authorities to fix the percentage royalty that will be payable in respect of all mining operations carried out in respect of that resource for as long as the extractor holds the right. The holder of a mining right may withdraw from such agreement at any time.
The DFS covering the Waterberg Project made certain assumptions related to the expected royalty rates under the Royalty Act. If and when the Company begins earning revenue from its South African mining projects, and if the royalties under the Royalty Act differ from those assumed in the feasibility studies, this new royalty could have a material and adverse impact on the economic viability of the Company's projects in South Africa, as well as on the Company's prospects, financial condition and results of operations.
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Interruptions, shortages or cuts in the supply of electricity or water could lead to disruptions in production and a reduction in the Company's operating capacity.
The Company procures all of the electricity necessary for its operations from ESKOM Holdings Limited, South Africa's state-owned electricity utility ("ESKOM"), and no significant alternative sources of supply are available to it. ESKOM has suffered from prolonged underinvestment in new generating capacity which, combined with increased demand, led to a period of electricity shortages. ESKOM has generally established sufficient capacity to meet South Africa's current requirements but remains severely under-capitalized and wide-spread power cuts or load-shedding are implemented when the electricity grid is under stress. Since 2008, ESKOM has invested heavily in new base load power generation capacity. Its principal new projects, a power station known as Medupi, and a power station known as Kusile, have been subject to delays. The last Medupi unit has been commissioned and in July 2021, ESKOM announced Medupi had achieved commercial operation status, while Kusile is anticipated to be completed in the 2024 - 2025 fiscal year. ESKOM is heavily dependent on coal to fuel its electricity plants. Accordingly, if coal mining companies experience labour unrest or disruptions to production (which have occurred historically in South Africa, including a coal strike by approximately 30,000 National Union of Mineworkers members which lasted for approximately one week in October 2015), or if heavy rains, particularly during the summer months in South Africa, adversely impact coal production or coal supplies, ESKOM may have difficulty supplying sufficient electricity supply to the Company.
The Company is dependent on the availability of water in its areas of operations. Shifting rainfall patterns and increasing demands on the existing water supply have caused water shortages in the Company's areas of operations.
If electricity or water supplies are insufficient or unreliable, the Company may be unable to operate as anticipated, which may disrupt production and reduce revenues.
Characteristics of and changes in the tax systems in South Africa could materially adversely affect the Company's business, financial condition and results of operations.
The Company's subsidiaries pay different types of governmental taxes in South Africa, including corporation tax, payroll taxes, VAT, state royalties, various forms of duties, dividend withholding tax and interest withholding tax. The tax regime in South Africa is subject to change. After having published a number of papers on the introduction of a carbon tax, the South African government released the Second Draft Carbon Tax Bill 2017 (the "Carbon Bill") published in December 2017, together with an Explanatory Memorandum in respect of the Carbon Bill (the "Explanatory Memorandum").
On May 26, 2019, the Carbon Bill was signed into law as the Carbon Tax Act, No. 15 of 2019 (the "Carbon Tax Act"), resulting in a carbon tax being implemented on June 1, 2019. See Item 4.B. - Business Overview - Carbon Tax/Climate Change Policies.
It is also possible that the Company could become subject to taxation in South Africa that is not currently anticipated, which could have a material adverse effect on its business, financial condition and results of operations.
Community relations may affect the Company's business.
Maintaining community support through a positive relationship with the communities in which the Company operates is critical to continuing successful exploration and development. As a business in the mining industry, the Company may come under pressure in the jurisdictions in which it explores or develops, to demonstrate that other stakeholders' benefit and will continue to benefit from the Company's commercial activities. The Company faces opposition with respect to its current and future development and exploration projects which could materially adversely affect its business, results of operations, financial condition and Common Share price, with communities seeking greater benefit from local mining operations.
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Under the Mining Charter 2018 there is a greater focus on mine community development. A right holder must meaningfully contribute towards mine community development in keeping with the principles of the social license to operate. A right holder must develop its SLP, in consultation with relevant municipalities, mine communities, traditional authorities and affected stakeholders, and identify developmental priorities of mine communities. The identified developmental priorities must be contained in the SLP.  See Item 4.B. - South African Regulatory Framework - Mining Charter.
South African foreign exchange controls may limit repatriation of profits.
Since commencing business in South Africa, the Company has loaned or invested approximately CDN$847 million (net of repayments) as at August 31, 2021 into PTM RSA in South Africa. The Company obtained approval from the South African Reserve Bank ("SARB") in advance for its investments into South Africa. Although the Company is not aware of any law or regulation that would prevent the repatriation of funds it has loaned or invested into South Africa back to the Company in Canada, no assurance can be given that the Company will be able to repatriate funds back to Canada in a timely manner or without incurring tax payments or other costs when doing so, due to legal restrictions or tax requirements at local subsidiary levels or at the parent company level, which costs could be material.
South Africa's exchange control regulations restrict the export of capital from South Africa. Although the Company is not itself subject to South African exchange control regulations, these regulations do restrict the ability of the Company's South African subsidiaries to raise and deploy capital outside the country, to borrow money in currencies other than the Rand and to hold foreign currency. Exchange control regulations could make it difficult for the Company's South African subsidiaries to: (a) export capital from South Africa; (b) hold foreign currency or incur indebtedness denominated in foreign currencies without approval of the relevant South African exchange control authorities; (c) acquire an interest in a foreign venture without approval of the relevant South African exchange control authorities and compliance with certain investment criteria; and (d) repatriate to South Africa profits of foreign operations. While the South African government has relaxed exchange controls in recent years, and continues to do so, it is difficult to predict whether or how it will further relax or abolish exchange control measures in the foreseeable future. There can be no assurance that restrictions on repatriation of earnings from South Africa will not be imposed on the Company in the future.
The Company's land in South Africa could be subject to land restitution claims or land expropriation which could impose significant costs and burdens.
To the extent that the Company's operating subsidiaries acquire or lease privately held land, such land could be subject to land restitution claims under the Restitution of Land Rights Act, No. 22 of 1994, as amended (the "Land Claims Act") and the Restitution of Land Rights Amendment Act 15 of 2014 (the "Restitution Amendment Act"), which took effect on July 1, 2014. Under the Land Claims Act and the Restitution Amendment Act, any person who was dispossessed of rights in land in South Africa after June 19, 1913 as a result of past racially discriminatory laws or practices without payment of just and equitable compensation, and who (subject to the promulgation of further legislation) lodges a claim on or before June 30, 2019, is granted certain remedies.  A successful claimant may be granted either return of the dispossessed land (referred to as "restoration") or equitable redress (which includes the granting of an appropriate right in alternative state-owned land, payment of compensation or "alternative relief"). If restoration is claimed, the Land Claims Act requires the feasibility of such restoration to be considered.  Restoration of land may only be given in circumstances where a claimant can use the land productively with the feasibility of restoration dependent on the value of the property.
The South African Minister of Agriculture, Land Reform and Rural Development ("Land Reform Minister") may not acquire ownership of land for restitution purposes without a court order unless an agreement has been reached between the affected parties. The Land Claims Act also entitles the Land Reform Minister to acquire ownership of land by way of expropriation either for claimants who are entitled to restitution of land, or, in respect of land over which no claim has been lodged but the acquisition of which is directly related to or affected by such claim, will promote restitution of land to claimants or alternative relief. Expropriation would be subject to provisions of legislation and the Constitution - which provide, in general, for just and equitable compensation.
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However, the ANC has declared its intention to proceed with an orderly process of land expropriation, potentially without compensation being paid to landowners. The form of this process remains unclear.
There is no guarantee, however, that any privately held land rights could not become subject to acquisition by the state without the Company's agreement, or that the Company would be adequately compensated for the loss of any land rights. Any such claims could have a negative impact on the Company's South African projects and therefore an adverse effect on its business, operating results and financial condition.
Risks Relating to the Common Shares
The Company has never paid dividends and does not expect to do so in the foreseeable future.
The Company has not paid any dividends since incorporation, and it has no plans to pay dividends in the foreseeable future. The Company's directors will determine if and when dividends should be declared and paid in the future based on the Company's financial position at the relevant time. In addition, the Company's ability to declare and pay dividends may be affected by the South African government's exchange controls. See Item 4.B. - South African Regulatory Framework - Exchange Control.
The Common Share price has been volatile in recent years.
In recent years, the securities markets in the United States and Canada have experienced a high level of price and volume volatility, and the market price of securities of many companies, particularly those considered exploration or development-stage mining companies, have experienced wide fluctuations in price which have not necessarily been related to the operating performance, underlying asset values or prospects of such companies. There can be no assurance that continual fluctuations in price will not occur.
The factors influencing such volatility include macroeconomic developments (including developments with COVID-19) in North America and globally, and market perceptions of the attractiveness of particular industries. The price of the Common Shares is also likely to be significantly affected by short term changes in precious metal prices or other mineral prices, currency exchange fluctuations and the Company's financial condition or results of operations as reflected in its earnings reports. Other factors unrelated to the performance of the Company that may have an effect on the price of the Common Shares and other securities include the following:
·	the extent of analyst coverage available to investors concerning the business of the Company may be limited if investment banks with research capabilities do not follow the Company's securities;
·	lessening in trading volume and general market interest in the Company's securities may affect an investor's ability to trade significant numbers of securities of the Company;
·	changes to South African laws and regulations might have a negative effect on the development prospects, timelines or relationships for the Company's material properties;
·	the size of the Company's public float may limit the ability of some institutions to invest in the Company's securities; and
·	a substantial decline in the price of the securities of the Company that persists for a significant period of time could cause the Company's securities to be delisted from an exchange, further reducing market liquidity.
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Securities class action litigation often has been brought against companies following periods of volatility in the market price of their securities. The Company may in the future be the target of similar litigation.  Securities litigation could result in substantial costs and damages and divert management's attention and resources.
The Company may be unable to maintain compliance with NYSE American and TSX continued listing standards and our Common Shares may be delisted from the NYSE American and TSX equities markets, which would likely cause the liquidity and market price of the Common Shares to decline.
The Common Shares are currently listed on the NYSE American and the TSX. The Company is subject to the continued listing criteria of the NYSE American and the TSX and such exchanges will consider suspending dealings in, or delisting, securities of an issuer that does not meet its continued listing standards. In order to maintain the listings, the Company must maintain certain objective standards, such as share prices, shareholders' equity, market capitalization and, share distribution targets.  In addition to objective standards, the NYSE American may delist the securities of any issuer, among other reasons, if the issuer sells or disposes of principal operating assets, ceases to be an operating company or has discontinued a substantial portion of its operations or business for any reason or the NYSE American otherwise determines that the securities are unsuitable for continued trading. The Company may not be able to satisfy these standards and remain listed on the NYSE American and the TSX.
Delisting of the Common Shares may result in a breach or default under certain of our agreements. Without limiting the foregoing, a TSX or NYSE American delisting would result in a default (unless any required waivers could be obtained) under certain or all of our outstanding indebtedness, which would have a material adverse impact on us. A delisting of the Company's Common Shares could also adversely affect the Company's reputation, ability to raise funds through the sale of equity or securities convertible into equity and the terms of any such fundraising, the liquidity and market price of the Common Shares and the ability of broker-dealers to purchase the Common Shares.
The exercise of outstanding stock options or settlement of outstanding restricted share units will result in dilution to the holders of Common Shares.
The issuance of Common Shares upon the exercise of the Company's outstanding stock options and settlement of the Company's outstanding restricted share units ("RSUs") will result in dilution to the interests of shareholders and may reduce the trading price of the Common Shares. Additional stock options, RSUs and other warrants and rights to purchase Common Shares may be issued in the future. Exercises or settlement of these securities, or even the potential of their exercise or settlement, may have an adverse effect on the trading price of the Common Shares. The holders of any issued and outstanding stock options or warrants are likely to exercise them at times when the market price of the Common Shares exceeds the exercise price of the securities, and RSUs do not have a cash exercise price. Accordingly, the issuance of Common Shares upon exercise of such securities will likely result in dilution of the equity represented by the then outstanding Common Shares held by other shareholders. The holders of any issued and outstanding stock options or warrants can be expected to exercise or convert them at a time when the Company would, in all likelihood, be able to obtain any needed capital on terms which are more favorable to the Company than the exercise terms provided by any such stock options and warrants.
Future sales, conversion of senior subordinated notes or issuances of equity securities could decrease the value of the Common Shares, dilute investors' voting power and reduce the Company's earnings per share.
The Company may sell equity securities in offerings (including through the sale of debt securities convertible into equity securities) and may issue additional equity securities to finance operations, exploration, development, acquisitions, debt repayment or other projects. For example, the Company completed private placements of Common Shares in June 2020, October 2020 and December 2020, completed a US at-the-market offering of Common Shares in November 2020 and has conducted a US at-the-market offering since February 2021.
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In addition, the Notes issued on June 30, 2017, bear interest at a rate of 6 7/8% per annum, payable semi-annually on January 1 and July 1 of each year, beginning on January 1, 2018, in cash or at the election of the Company, in Common Shares or a combination of cash and Common Shares, and will mature on July 1, 2022, unless earlier repurchased, redeemed or converted. Subject to certain exceptions, the Notes are convertible at any time at the option of the holder, and may be settled, at the Company's election, in cash, Common Shares, or a combination of cash and Common Shares, subject to certain restrictions on issuing Common Shares.
The Company cannot predict the number of common shares that will be issued in respect of such interest payments, the timing or amount of conversions of Notes, exercises of stock options, or the size or terms of future issuances of equity securities or securities convertible into equity securities or the effect, if any, that future issuances and sales of the securities will have on the market price of the Common Shares. In addition, the conversion price of the Notes is subject to adjustment in certain circumstances. Any transaction involving the issuance of previously authorized but unissued Common Shares, or securities convertible into Common Shares, would result in dilution, possibly substantial, to shareholders. Exercises of presently outstanding stock options may also result in dilution to shareholders.
The Board has the authority to authorize certain offers and sales of the securities without the vote of, or prior notice to, shareholders. Based on the need for additional capital to fund expected expenditures and growth, it is likely that the Company will issue the securities to provide such capital. Such additional issuances may involve the issuance of a significant number of Common Shares at prices less than the current market price.
Sales of substantial amounts of securities, or the availability of the securities for sale, could adversely affect the prevailing market prices for the securities and dilute investors' earnings per share. A decline in the market prices of the securities could impair the Company's ability to raise additional capital through the sale of additional securities should the Company desire to do so.
Judgments based upon the civil liability provisions of the United States federal securities laws may be difficult to enforce.
The ability of investors to enforce judgments of United States courts based upon the civil liability provisions of the United States federal securities laws against the Company, its directors and officers, and the experts named herein may be limited due to the fact that the Company is incorporated outside of the United States, a majority of such directors, officers, and experts reside outside of the United States and a substantial portion of the assets of the Company and said persons are located outside the United States. There is uncertainty as to whether foreign courts would: (a) enforce judgments of United States courts obtained against the Company, its directors and officers or the experts named herein predicated upon the civil liability provisions of the United States federal securities laws; or (b) entertain original actions brought in Canadian courts against the Company or such persons predicated upon the federal securities laws of the United States, as such laws may conflict with Canadian laws.
There may be adverse Canadian tax consequences for a foreign controlled Canadian company that acquires the securities of the Company.
Certain adverse tax considerations may be applicable to a shareholder that is a corporation resident in Canada and is, or becomes, controlled by a non-resident corporation for the purposes of the "foreign affiliate dumping" rules in the Income Tax Act (Canada) (the "Tax Act"). Such shareholders should consult their tax advisors with respect to the consequences of acquiring the securities.
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The Company may be a "passive foreign investment company" for its current and future tax years, which may have adverse U.S. federal income tax consequences for U.S. investors.
Potential investors in the securities who are U.S. taxpayers should be aware that the Company may be classified as a "passive foreign investment company" or "PFIC" for its current tax year ending August 31, 2022 and may be a PFIC in future tax years.  If the Company is a PFIC for any tax year during a U.S. taxpayer's holding period of the securities, then such U.S. taxpayer generally will be required to treat any gain realized upon a disposition of the securities or any so-called "excess distribution" received on the securities, as ordinary income, and to pay an interest charge on a portion of such gain or excess distribution. In certain circumstances, the sum of the tax and the interest charge may exceed the total amount of proceeds realized on the disposition, or the amount of excess distribution received, by the U.S. taxpayer. Subject to certain limitations, these tax consequences may be mitigated if a U.S. taxpayer makes a timely and effective "qualified electing fund" or "QEF" election (a "QEF Election") under Section 1295 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the "Code") or a mark-to-market election (a "Mark-to-Market Election") under Section 1296 of the Code. Subject to certain limitations, such elections may be made with respect to shares of Common Stock. A U.S. taxpayer who makes a timely and effective QEF Election generally must report on a current basis its share of the Company's net capital gain and ordinary earnings for any year in which the Company is a PFIC, whether or not the Company distributes any amounts to its shareholders. However, U.S. taxpayers should be aware that there can be no assurance that the Company will satisfy the record keeping requirements that apply to a qualified electing fund, or that the Company will supply U.S. taxpayers with information that such U.S. taxpayers require to report under the QEF Election rules, in the event that the Company is a PFIC and a U.S. taxpayer wishes to make a QEF Election. Thus, U.S. taxpayers may not be able to make a QEF Election with respect to their shares of Common Stock. A U.S. taxpayer who makes the Mark-to-Market Election generally must include as ordinary income each year the excess of the fair market value of the shares of Common Stock over the taxpayer's basis therein. This paragraph is qualified in its entirety by the discussion below under the heading "Certain United States Federal Income Tax Considerations - Passive Foreign Investment Company Rules." Each potential investor who is a U.S. taxpayer should consult its own tax advisor regarding the tax consequences of the PFIC rules and the acquisition, ownership, and disposition of the shares of Common Stock.
The Company's growth, future profitability and ability to obtain financing may be impacted by global financial conditions.
Global financial conditions continue to be characterized by extreme volatility. In recent years, global markets have been adversely impacted by the credit crisis that began in 2008, the European debt crisis, COVID-19 and significant fluctuations in fuel and energy costs and metals prices. Many industries, including the mining industry, have been impacted by these market conditions. Global financial conditions remain subject to sudden and rapid destabilizations in response to economic shocks. A slowdown in the financial markets or other economic conditions, including but not limited to consumer spending, employment rates, business conditions, inflation, fuel and energy costs, consumer debt levels, lack of available credit, the state of the financial markets, interest rates and tax rates, may adversely affect the Company's growth and profitability. Future economic shocks may be precipitated by a number of causes, including debt crises, a continued rise in the price of oil and other commodities, the volatility of metal prices, geopolitical instability, terrorism, the devaluation and volatility of global stock markets, health crises and natural disasters. Any sudden or rapid destabilization of global economic conditions could impact the Company's ability to obtain equity or debt financing in the future on terms favourable to the Company or at all. In such an event, the Company's operations and financial condition could be adversely impacted.
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ITEM 4. INFORMATION ON THE COMPANY
A. History and Development of Platinum Group
The Company is a corporation organized under the laws of British Columbia, Canada. The Company was formed on February 18, 2002 under the Company Act (British Columbia) pursuant to an order of the Supreme Court of British Columbia (the "Court") approving an amalgamation between Platinum Group Metals Ltd. and New Millennium Metals Corporation. On January 25, 2005, the Company was transitioned under the Business Corporations Act (British Columbia) (the "BCBCA").
The Company's head office is located at Suite 838 - 1100 Melville Street, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada, V6E 4A6 and its telephone number is (604) 899-5450. The Company's registered office is located at Gowling WLG (Canada) LLP, Suite 2300 - 550 Burrard Street, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada, V6C 2B5.
Information regarding the Company's organizational structure is provided under Item 4.C. - Organizational Structure.
Since its formation, the Company has been engaged in the acquisition, exploration and development of platinum and palladium properties.  PTM currently holds interests in platinum properties in the Northern Limb of the Bushveld Complex. The Company's business is currently conducted primarily in South Africa.
At present, the Company's sole material mineral property is the Waterberg Project. Results of a DFS targeting a large, thick PGM resource with the objective to model a large-scale, fully-mechanized mine was announced by the Company on September 24, 2019. A substantial portion of the Waterberg Project's prospecting area remains unexplored.
In 2019, the Company founded Lion Battery Technologies Inc. ("Lion Battery") in partnership with Anglo American Platinum Limited ("Amplats") to support the use of palladium and platinum in lithium battery applications.
In addition to the information provided below regarding the Company's principal capital expenditures and divestitures during the last three financial years, see Item 5.B. - Liquidity and Capital Resources - Equity Financings for information on use of proceeds from equity financings. No public takeover offers by third parties in respect of the Company's shares or by the Company in respect of other companies' shares have occurred during the last and current financial year.  The SEC maintains an internet site containing reports, proxy and information regarding issuers that file electronically with the SEC at www.sec.gov.  The Company's internet address is www.platinumgroupmetals.net.
Recent Developments
The following is a summary of the Company's noteworthy developments since September 1, 2020:

September 2020	At-The-Market Offering Sales Agreement	
 	 	
 	On September 4, 2020, the Company entered into an Equity Distribution Agreement (the "Sales Agreement") with BMO Capital Markets Corp. ("BMO"). Under the Sales Agreement, Platinum Group could sell its Common Shares from time to time for up to $12.0 million in aggregate sales proceeds in "at-the-market" transactions (the "2020 ATM"). No offers or sales of common shares were made in Canada, on or through the facilities of the TSX or other trading markets in Canada, or to anyone known by BMO to be a resident of Canada.	
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 	 Lion Battery Granted U.S. Patent	
 	 	
 	On September 14, 2020, the Company reported that the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office issued Patent No. 10,734,636 B2 entitled "Battery Cathodes for Improved Stability" to Florida International University ("FIU"). Under a sponsored research agreement ("SRA"), Lion Battery has exclusive rights to all technology being developed by FIU including the patents granted. The patent includes the use of platinum group metals and carbon nanotubes and other innovations in a lithium battery.	
 	 	
October 2020	Non-Brokered Private Placement	
 	 	
 	On October 15, 2020, the Company reported the closing of a non-brokered private placement of Common Shares with Major Shareholder HCI, through its subsidiary Deepkloof Limited ("Deepkloof"), at a price of $2.18 each (the "October 2020 Private Placement"). An aggregate of 1,146,790 Common Shares were subscribed for and issued resulting in gross proceeds to the Company of $2.5 million.  The October 2020 Private Placement allowed HCI to maintain its interest in the Company at over 31%.	
 	 	
November 2020	At-The-Market Offering Completed	
 	 	
 	On November 30, 2020, the Company announced the completion of the 2020 ATM with the sale of 5,440,186 Common Shares at an average price of $2.21 for gross proceeds of US $12.0 million.  The final sales settled on December 2, 2020.  No offers or sales of Common Shares were made in Canada, to anyone known to be a resident of Canada or on or through the facilities of the Toronto Stock Exchange or other trading markets in Canada. 	
 	 	
December 2020	Non-Brokered Private Placement	
 	 	
 	On December 8, 2020, the Company closed a non-brokered private placement of 1,121,076 Common Shares at a price of $2.23 per share (the "December 2020 Private Placement") with HCI through its subsidiary Deepkloof, resulting in gross proceeds to the Company of $2.5 million and allowing HCI to maintain approximately a 31% interest in the Company as they held prior to the 2020 ATM completed by the Company on November 30, 2020, as described above.	
 	 	
 	Lion Battery Granted Second U.S. Patent	
 	 	
 	On December 8, 2020, the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office issued Patent No. 10,682,103 B2 entitled "Battery Cathodes for Improved Stability" to FIU. Under the SRA, the patent is licensed to Lion Battery and covers a preparation method using PGM catalysts in carbon materials for use as cathodes in lithium batteries, including lithium-ion, lithium-air, and lithium-sulfur batteries.  The new patent broadens protection for US patent 10,734,636 B2. 	
 	 	
January 2021	Waterberg Mining Right Granted	
 	 	
 	On January 28, 2021, the DMRE granted Waterberg JV Co. the Waterberg Mining Right.	
 	 	
February 2021	At-The-Market Offering Sales Agreement	
 	 	
 	On February 5, 2021, the Company entered into an Equity Distribution Agreement with BMO to sell its Common Shares from time to time for up to $50.0 million in aggregate sales proceeds in "at-the-market" transactions (the "2021 ATM").  For the period ended August 31, 2021, the Company sold 2,502,790 Common Shares at an average price of $4.3754 pursuant to the 2021 ATM for net proceeds of $10.68 million after fees and expenses of $0.27 million.  Subsequent to August 31, 2021, as of November 24, 2021, the Company issued an additional 4,433,448 Common Shares at an average price of $2.63 pursuant to the 2021 ATM for net proceeds of $11.4 million after fees and expenses of $0.29 million.  No offers or sales of common shares were made in Canada, to anyone known to be a resident of Canada or on or through the facilities of the TSX or other trading markets in Canada.	
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March 2021	Waterberg Mining Right Notices	
 	 	
 	On March 5, 2021, the Company received notice of an appeal to the decision by the DMRE granting the Waterberg Mining Right (the "March 2021 Notice").  The notice was filed by a small group of four individual appellants from a local community.  Later in April 2021, the Company received notice of two similar appeals (together with the March 2021 Notice, the "Appeals"). 	
 	 	
April 2021	Waterberg Mining Right Notarially Executed	
 	 	
 	On April 13, 2021, representatives of the DMRE and Waterberg JV Co. completed a notarial execution of the Waterberg Mining Right. 	
 	 	
May 2021	Waterberg Mining Right Notices (cont'd)	
 	 	
 	In May 2021, the Company also received notice of an application for an order in the High Court to review and set aside the decision by the Environmental Minister  to dismiss an application for condonation for the late filing of an appeal against the Environmental Authorization granted for the Waterberg Mine on November 10, 2020 (the "Review"), and in August 2021, received notice that the Mining and Environmental Justice Community Network of South Africa, claiming to be a community networking body, together with a group of residents from certain communities located near planned surface infrastructure associated with the Waterberg Mine (the "Applicants"), intend to apply for an order (the "Application for Motion") in the High Court restraining Waterberg JV Co. from carrying on mining related activities on portions of the farms Goedetrouw and Ketting pending the finalization of the Appeals and the Review and the grant of various regulatory authorizations.  The Company believes that all requirements specified under the MPRDA have been complied with and that the DMRE correctly granted the Waterberg Mining Right. Counsel acting for Waterberg JV Co. has filed formal rebuttals to the Appeals, is opposing the Review, and has filed answering papers to the Application for Motion. The Ketting Community has applied to join the Application for Motion as a party, and another host community submitted a confirmatory affidavit, both in support of Waterberg JV Co. The Ketting Community joinder application was filed on November 16, 2021 but a time frame for the hearing of the interdict application is uncertain or may never occur. The Company continues to work in a climate of mutual respect with recognized municipal and local community leadership.	
 	 	
June 2021	Lion Battery Granted Third Patent	
 	 	
 	On June 15, 2021, the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office issued Patent No. 11,038,160 B2 entitled "Battery Cathodes for Improved Stability" to FIU. The patent covers a preparation method using PGM catalysts in carbon materials for use as cathodes with increased emphasis on lithium sulphur batteries and broadens protection for US patent 10,734,636 B2 covering the composition of carbon cathodes containing PGMs.	
 	 	
July 2021	Waterberg Mining Right Registered	
 	 	
 	On July 6, 2021, Waterberg JV Co. completed the registration of the Waterberg Mining Right at the Mineral and Petroleum Titles Registration Office.	
 	 	
 	Lion Battery Agreements Amended	
 	 	
 	On July 6, 2021 the Company and Anglo agreed to increase the planned funding to Lion by a further $2.73 million, to a total of up to $6.73 million, in order to allow the acceleration of certain research and commercialization activities. On the same date, Lion Battery agreed to increase the planned amount of research funding to FIU by a further amount of $1.0 million, for a total of up to $4.0 million. If the Company should fail to contribute its share of a required subscription to Lion Battery, it would be in breach of its agreement with Lion Battery and its interest in Lion Battery may be subject to dilution.	
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B. Business Overview
General
The Company is a platinum and palladium focused exploration, development and operating company conducting work primarily on mineral properties it has staked or acquired by way of option agreements or applications in the Republic of South Africa and in Canada.
The Company's sole material mineral property is the Waterberg Project, which was the subject of the DFS completed in 2019 as described in this Annual Report. The Company continues to evaluate exploration opportunities both on currently owned properties and on new prospects.
The Company currently conducts no product sales, does not currently distribute any product and does not have any source of operating revenues at this time. The Company will be required to source additional financing by way of private or public offerings of equity or debt or the sale of project or property interests in order to have sufficient working capital for continued exploration and development on the Waterberg Project, as well as for general working capital purposes and compliance with, and repayment of, its existing indebtedness.
Principal Product
The Company's principal product from the Waterberg Project, in accordance with the Waterberg DFS, is planned to be a PGM bearing concentrate. The concentrate will contain certain amounts of eight elements comprised of platinum, palladium, rhodium, gold, ruthenium, iridium, copper and nickel. Pursuant to a transaction with Implats (as further described below, the "Implats Transaction"), Implats has acquired a right of first refusal to enter into an offtake agreement, on commercial arms-length terms, for the smelting and refining of mineral products from the Waterberg Project. 
Implats Transaction
On November 6, 2017, the Company, along with Waterberg JV Co., JOGMEC and Mnombo completed the first phase of the Implats Transaction whereby Implats purchased an aggregate 15.0% equity interest in Waterberg JV Co. for $30 million. The Company received consideration of $17.2 million from Implats for the sale of an 8.6% interest in the Waterberg Project and JOGMEC received $12.8 million for the sale of a 6.4% interest in the Waterberg Project.
Pursuant to the Implats Transaction, Implats acquired a right to increase its stake in Waterberg JV Co. to 50.01% by purchasing an additional 12.195% equity interest from JOGMEC for $34.8 million and earning into the remaining interest by making a firm commitment to an expenditure of $130.0 million in development work (the "Purchase and Development Option"). Implats also acquired a right of first refusal to smelt and refine Waterberg concentrate. The positive results of the DFS were announced on September 24, 2019 and the Waterberg Project Definitive Feasibility Study and Mineral Resource Update Technical Report dated September 4, 2019 (the "DFS") was delivered to the Waterberg JV Co. shareholders on October 4, 2019 for review and approval. After approval by Waterberg JV Co. or Implats of the DFS, Implats had an option within 90 business days to elect to exercise the Purchase and Development Option. 
Pursuant to the Implats Transaction, Implats also acquired a right of first refusal ("ROFR") to enter into an offtake agreement, on commercial arms-length terms, for the smelting and refining of mineral products from the Waterberg Project. Hanwa will retain a right to receive platinum, palladium, rhodium, gold, ruthenium, iridium, copper and nickel in refined mineral products at the volume produced from the Waterberg Project.
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On March 31, 2020, the Implats' Purchase and Development Option was amended and restated by formal agreement (the "Amended Call Option Agreement"), to extend the termination date from April 17, 2020 to ninety calendar days following receipt of an executed mining right for the Waterberg Project.
In consideration for the amendment, Implats agreed to fund the 2020 Work Program.  The 2020 Work Program, budgeted to cost up to Rand 55 million, was aimed at increasing confidence in specific areas of the Waterberg DFS while awaiting the grant of a mining right and Environmental Authorization. 
On June 15, 2020, Implats delivered an election notice stating their election not to exercise the Purchase and Development Option.  Implats stated that notwithstanding the positive progress achieved on the 2020 Work Program to date, and the strategic alignment between the Waterberg asset and Implats stated portfolio objectives, the unprecedented events brought about by the COVID-19 pandemic necessitated Implats to re-evaluate the impact of the increased economic uncertainty on Implats' strategy and risk appetite in the short, medium and long term.  Implats reiterated their support of both the Waterberg Project and the joint venture partners and plans to remain an active 15% participant, including funding of their share of costs, subject to future considerations.
On August 11, 2020, further to the election notice delivered by Implats and pursuant to the Amended Call Option Agreement, Waterberg JV Co. delivered to Implats the Subscription Failure Notice to formalize the termination of the Purchase and Development Option. Waterberg JV Co. also recorded the termination of the offtake negotiation period with Implats as a result of the parties not reaching a concentrate offtake agreement within the 30-day prescribed period. The Company continues to discuss and negotiate for offtake terms with Implats; however, the Company is also carrying on discussions with other potential concentrate offtake parties, subject to the ROFR.
Specialized Skill and Knowledge
Various aspects of the Company's business require specialized skills and knowledge, including the areas of geology, engineering, operations, drilling, metallurgy, permitting, logistical planning and implementation of exploration programs as well as legal compliance, finance and accounting. The Company faces competition for qualified personnel with these specialized skills and knowledge, which may increase its costs of operations or result in delays. The Company has found that it has been able to locate and retain employees or engage consulting experts with the required skills as described above when needed.
Employees and Contractors
The Company's current complement of managers, staff and consultants in Canada consists of 5 individuals. In July 2021 the Company's CEO resigned.  As a component to a separation agreement, the former CEO is to be available as a consultant to the Company until December 31, 2021. The Waterberg Project is currently operated by the Company utilizing its own staff and personnel.  Contract drilling, geotechnical, engineering, security and support services are utilized as required.  Operations at the Waterberg Project are funded by Waterberg JV Co. and its shareholders.  The Company's current complement of full time managers, staff, consultants and casual workers in South Africa consists of 9 individuals, inclusive of 2 individuals active at the Waterberg Project conducting exploration and engineering activities related to the execution of DFS recommendations before a possible production decision by Waterberg JV Co.
Foreign Operations
The Company conducts its business in South Africa, which hosts a large and well-developed mining industry. This, among other factors, means the infrastructure in many areas is well-established, with well-maintained roads and highways as well as electricity distribution networks, water supply and telephone and communication systems. Electrical generating capacity has been strained by demand in recent years in South Africa, but additional capacity is currently under construction.  Additional water infrastructure will also be required.  See "Risk Factors".
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There is also access to materials and skilled labour in South Africa due to the existence of many platinum, chrome, gold and coal mines. Smelter complexes and refining facilities are also located in South Africa. South Africa has an established government, police force and judiciary as well as financial, health care and social institutions, although such institutions underwent significant change following the fall of apartheid and free elections in 1994 and are continuing to be developed. The system of mineral tenure was overhauled by new legislation in 2002, which came into force in 2004.  Since 1994, South Africa has been considered an emerging democracy. See "Risk Factors".
Labour in South Africa
The gold and platinum mining industries in South Africa witnessed significant labour unrest in recent years and demands for higher wages by certain labour groups. Both legal and illegal or "unprotected" strikes have occurred at several mines since the beginning of August 2012. In June 2014, the Association of Mineworkers and Construction Union accepted a negotiated wage settlement to end a five-month long strike affecting a significant proportion of the platinum industry. To date, the Company has seen no adverse labour action on its operations in South Africa.  See "Risk Factors".
Environmental Compliance
The Company's current and future exploration and development activities, as well as future mining and processing operations, if warranted, are subject to various state, provincial and local laws and regulations in the countries in which the Company conducts its activities. These laws and regulations govern the protection of the environment, prospecting, development, production, taxes, labour standards, occupational health, mine safety, hazardous substances and other matters. Company management expects to be able to comply with those laws and does not believe that compliance will have a material adverse effect on the Company's competitive position. The Company intends to obtain and maintain all licences and permits required by all applicable regulatory agencies in connection with its mining operations and exploration activities. The Company intends to maintain standards of compliance consistent with contemporary industry practice.
Competitive Conditions
The global PGM mining industry has benefited from long-term rising demand from the global automotive and fabrication sectors. In 2020 South Africa's PGM mining sector represented approximately 66% of global platinum mine supply and 29% of global palladium mine supply. From mid-2012 until early 2019 global economic uncertainty, increased supply from recycling and slower growth created a weak market for PGMs. Lower market prices for PGMs combined with labour unrest caused stoppages and closures of some higher cost platinum mines and shafts in South Africa. The market for PGMs, palladium and rhodium in particular, has improved since 2019, resulting in a higher overall metal basket price. In 2021, the impact of a global shortage of semi-conductor chips resulted in reduced global automotive production. The concurrent reduction in demand for PGMs resulted in prices for each of the PGMs to fall from their zeniths, which occurred in approximately February to April of 2021. Almost all of the South African platinum and palladium supply comes from the geographic constraints of the Western, Northern and Eastern Limbs of the Bushveld Complex, resulting in a high degree of competition for mineral rights and projects. South Africa's PGM mining sector remains beholden to economic developments in the global automotive industry, which in 2020 accounted for approximately 37% of the total global demand for platinum and 80% of the total global demand for palladium. A prolonged downturn in global automobile and light truck sales, resulting in depressed platinum prices, often results in declining production as unprofitable mines are shut down. Alternatively, strong automobile and light truck sales combined with strong fabrication demand for platinum, most often results in a more robust industry, creating competition for resources, including funding, labour, technical experts, power, water, materials and equipment. From late 2015 to early 2021, the price of palladium more than quadrupled due to rising gasoline automotive sector demand, while platinum prices are at about the same price now as they were in 2015, having rebounded somewhat from very low price levels experienced in late 2018. The South African industry is dominated by three or four producers, who also control smelting and refining facilities. As a result, there is general competition for access to these facilities on a contract basis. If the Company moves towards production on the Waterberg Project, it will become exposed to many of the risks of competition described herein. See "Risk Factors".
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Mineral Property Interests
Under IFRS, the Company defers all acquisition, exploration and development costs related to mineral properties. The recoverability of these amounts is dependent upon the existence of economically recoverable mineral reserves, the ability of the Company to obtain the necessary financing to complete the development of the property, and any future profitable production; or alternatively upon the Company's ability to dispose of its interests on an advantageous basis.
The Company's key development project and exploration targets are located in the Bushveld Complex. The Bushveld Complex is comprised of a series of distinct layers or reefs, three of which contain the majority of the economic concentrations of PGMs, and the subset of 4E PGMs consisting of platinum, palladium, rhodium and gold, (or the subset of 3E PGMs consisting of platinum, palladium and gold) within the Bushveld Complex: (i) the Merensky Reef ("Merensky" or "MR"), which is mined primarily around the Western Limb of the Bushveld Complex, (ii) the Upper Group 2 Layer or Reef ("UG2"), which is mined primarily around the Eastern Limb of the Bushveld Complex and (iii) the Platreef ("Platreef"), found within the Northern Limb. These reefs exhibit extensive geological continuity and predictability and have an established history of economic PGM production. The Merensky, UG2 and Platreef have been producing PGMs since the 1920s, 1970s and 1990s, respectively.

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For a further discussion of the Company's material and non-material mineral properties, see Item 4.D. - Property, Plant and Equipment.
South African Regulatory Framework
The Company is subject to South African government regulations that affect all aspects of the Company's operations. Accordingly, the sections below set out the primary laws and regulatory concepts to which the Company is subject.
Black Economic Empowerment in the South African Mining Industry
The transition from an apartheid regime to a democratic regime brought with it a commitment by the South African state, as enshrined in the Constitution, to take legislative and other measures to redress the results of past racial discrimination against black South Africans, or as the MPRDA defines them, "HDPs". Under the MPRDA, the concept includes any association, the majority of whose members are HDPs as well as juristic persons if HDPs own and control the majority of the shares and control the majority of the shareholders' votes. 
This concept and process to take legislative and other measures to redress the results of past racial discrimination against black South Africans is known in South Africa as BEE. The mining industry was one of many industries identified by the South African government as requiring reform to bring about equitable benefit from South Africa's mineral industry to all South Africans and to promote local and rural development and social upliftment of communities affected by mining.
The regulatory regime governing the South African mining industry has therefore fundamentally changed over the past decade. Legislation governing mining and BEE within the mining sector includes, among other laws, regulations and policies, the MPRDA, the Mining Codes and the Standards pursuant to the MPRDA, Mining Charter 2018, Mining Charter 2018 Scorecard and the Mining Titles Registration Act No. 16 of 1967 (as amended). The aforementioned legislation and policies, however, are industry specific and the generic BEE regulatory framework in South Africa is regulated in terms of the BEE Act, which sets outs the South African government's policy in respect of the promotion of BEE. The BEE Act also permits the Minster of Trade, Industry and Competition to publish generic BEE Codes of Good Practice ("Generic BEE Codes"), being codes of good practice that address, among other things, the indicators to measure BEE and the weightings to be attached to such indicators, as well as sector specific codes of good practice (refer to discussion below on sector codes).
The Generic BEE Codes were originally published in 2007 and set out seven indicators or elements in terms of which BEE compliance is measured. Each element has a scorecard in terms of which various sub-elements are set out, together with a target for compliance with each sub-element and a corresponding number of weighting points. An entity's BEE compliance is measured in terms of each of these scorecards and the aggregate score will then determine that entity's BEE compliance level. Independent BEE verification agencies are authorized to verify an entity's compliance and provide it with a verification certificate which will set out its score and confirm its BEE compliance level. The seven elements of BEE compliance set out in the original Generic BEE Codes are ownership (which measures the extent to which black people own the measured entity), management control (which measures the extent to which black people form part of the board of directors and top management of the entity), employment equity (which measures the extent to which black people are employed with the various management levels of the entity), skills development (which measures the extent to which the entity has undertaken skills training for the benefit of its black employees), preferential procurement (which measures the extent to which the entity procures goods and services from BEE compliant and black-owned companies), enterprise development (which measures the extent to which the entity has contributed towards the development of black-owned or BEE compliant companies), and socio-economic development (which measures the extent to which the entity has contributed towards the socio-economic development of black people).
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The original Generic BEE Codes were substantially amended on October 11, 2013 and such amendments became effective from May 1, 2015. Generally speaking, the amended Generic BEE Codes seek to make BEE compliance more onerous to achieve. The total number of points required to achieve certain levels of BEE compliance have been increased. The elements of management control and employment equity have been consolidated into a single element referred to only as management control, and the elements of preferential procurement and enterprise development have been consolidated into a single element referred to as enterprise and supplier development. The elements of ownership, skills development and enterprise and supplier development are classified as priority elements to which minimum thresholds of compliance attach and subjects an entity to a penalty of a reduction in its BEE compliance status by one level if the entity fails to achieve any of such minimum thresholds. The Generic BEE Codes were amended again on May 31, 2019 to make certain changes to clarify how small and medium enterprises should be assessed for BEE compliance and to amend the targets and points for certain elements. 
In addition, the BEE Act was amended by The BEE Amendment Act, which came into operation on October 24, 2014 (the "BEE Amendment Act").  The provisions of section 3(2) set out in the BEE Amendment Act states that "in the event of any conflict between this Act and any other law in force immediately prior to the date of commencement of the BEE Act, 2013, this BEE Act prevails if the conflict specifically relates to a matter dealt with in this Act" (the "Trumping Provision"). The BEE Act provides that section 3(2) will come into effect one year after the date on which the President proclaims the BEE Act into law and therefore became operative on October 24, 2015. However, on October 30, 2015 the Minister of Trade, Industry and Competition exempted the DMRE from applying the Trumping Provision until October 31, 2016 on the basis that the alignment of the then Mining Charter 2010 with the BEE Act and the BEE Codes was still ongoing. There has not been a further extension of this exemption.
Section 10(1)(a) set out in the BEE Act provides that "every organ of state and public entity must apply any relevant code of good practice issued in terms of this Act in determining qualification criteria for the issuing of licences, concessions or other authorizations in respect of economic activity in terms of any law". This will require all governmental bodies to apply the Generic BEE Codes or other relevant codes of good practice when procuring goods or services or issuing licenses or other authorizations under any other laws, and to penalize fronting or misrepresentation of BEE information.
The provisions of section 3(2) and 10(1)(a) indicate that the DMRE would be obliged to apply the provisions of the BEE Act and of any BEE code of good practice gazetted in terms of the BEE Act when issuing rights, permissions or permits in terms of the MPRDA in the future.
A code of good practice refers to the Generic BEE Codes or any sector-specific code of good practice which has been developed and gazetted in terms of the provisions of the BEE Act after consultation with the relevant industry stakeholders and the Department of Trade, Industry and Competition. It does not include Mining Charter 2018 because it was not developed and gazetted in terms of the BEE Act. The implications of the above provisions of the BEE Act are that unless a mining sector code is developed and gazetted, or unless a further exemption is granted by the Minister of Trade, Industry and Competition, the DMRE would not be entitled to apply Mining Charter 2018 when issuing rights, permissions or permits (after commencement of the above mentioned sections of the BEE Amendment Act) and would be required to apply the Generic BEE Codes. While the target for ownership under the Generic BEE Codes is the same as in Mining Charter 2010 i.e. 26% (as opposed to the current Mining Charter 2018's 30%), the remaining elements of the Generic BEE Codes in terms of which BEE compliance is measured are materially different from those set out in Mining Charter 2018.  In addition, the extent of BEE compliance is determined under the Generic BEE Codes with reference to an entity's overall score and corresponding BEE compliance level, and Mining Charter 2018's scorecard does not contain the same methodology. Thus, if the Generic BEE Codes were to apply to the mining industry, it would place the industry at a disadvantage and create uncertainty. 
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Section 10(2)(a) set out in the BEE Act provides that "the Minister may, after consultation with the relevant organ of state or public entity, exempt the organ of state or public entity from a requirement contained in subsection (1) or allow a deviation therefrom if particular objectively verifiable facts or circumstances applicable to the organ of state or public entity necessitate a deviation". Such an exemption or deviation is required to be published in the government gazette. It seems possible, but it is not certain whether the DMRE could apply for such an exemption in respect of the mining industry.
The DMRE and industry bodies are aware of the implications of the Trumping Provision. Notwithstanding that there has been no further extension of the exemption in respect of the Trumping Provision, to date, the DMRE continues to apply the provisions of Mining Charter 2018 and not the Generic BEE Codes. 
It is important to bear in mind that none of Mining Charter 2018, Mining Charter 2018 Scorecard or the Mining Codes are drafted as legislative documents. They are instruments of policy and as such are frequently ambiguous, loosely worded and difficult to interpret with precision.
The MPRDA seeks to facilitate participation by HDPs in mining ventures.  Complying with the HDP regime is a prerequisite for being granted and maintaining prospecting and mining rights. Every application for a mining right under the MPRDA must demonstrate that the granting of such right will:
·	substantially and meaningfully expand opportunities for HDPs, including women, to enter the mineral and petroleum industry in order to benefit from the exploitation of the nation's mineral and petroleum resources; and
·	promote employment and advance the social and economic welfare of all South Africans.
The Mining Charter
The original mining charter was developed to give substance and guidance to the empowerment provisions under MPRDA, which came into effect on May 1, 2004. The original mining charter set out a number of targets which were to be achieved by mining companies by 2009 and 2014. Among other targets, mining companies had to achieve a 15% HDP ownership by 2009 and a 26% HDP ownership by 2014. Ownership relates to ownership of mining assets, whether through the holding of equity, partnership, joint venture or direct holding.
Notwithstanding the uncertainties in BEE legislation applicable to mining companies with regard to the measurement of HDP ownership, it is accepted practice (as confirmed in section 2.1.2 of the Mining Codes) that the so-called flow-through and modified flow-through principles are applicable to the calculation of indirectly held HDP interests (i.e. where there is partial HDP ownership in a corporate structure above the level of the company holding the prospecting or mining right). In terms of the flow-through principle, the level of indirect ownership, proportionally reduced to reflect partial HDP shareholding in intermediate companies, would be calculated to determine the proportional indirect HDP shareholding in the company holding the right. Under the modified flow-through principle, a company with more than 51% HDP ownership (defined as a Historically Disadvantaged Persons Owned and Controlled Company in Mining Charter 2018) may, at any one level in a corporate structure, attribute 100% HDP ownership to that company for the purposes of applying the flow-through principle.
On September 13, 2010, the Mining Charter 2010 came into effect setting targets (some of which remained the same as those in the original mining charter) to be achieved by mining companies by December 31, 2014 (the implementation of which needed to be reported to the DMRE by mining companies in 2015), which targets included:
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·	Ownership: this entails 26% meaningful economic participation by HDPs and 26% full shareholder rights for HDPs. Mining Charter 2010 refers to BEE entities as opposed to HDP companies but retains the 26% ownership target.
·	Housing and living conditions: occupancy rate of employee accommodations of one person per room and all conversion of employee hostels must be fully achieved.
·	Employment equity: 40% HDP participation at Board level, at executive committee level, in middle management, in junior management and 40% HDP participation within core skills.
·	Human resource development: 5% human resource development expenditure focused on HDPs as a percentage of total annual payroll.
·	Mine community development: implementation of approved community projects.
·	Sustainable development and growth:
§	implementation of approved EMP (defined below) measured annually against the approved plans;
§	implementation of action plans on health and safety measured annually against the approved plans; and
§	utilization of South African based research facilities for the analysis of all South African sourced mineral samples.
·	Beneficiation: contribute a percentage of additional production volume towards local beneficiation of mineral commodities in accordance with the beneficiation strategy introduced pursuant to the terms of section 26 of the MPRDA.  No such strategy has yet been finalized.
·	Reporting: submission of annual reports to the DMRE in respect of compliance with Mining Charter 2010.
Mining Charter 2010 included targets, measures and weightings by which mining right holders were assessed against the obligations according to the Mining Charter 2010 Scorecard.
The Waterberg Mining Right was adjudicated upon and granted in accordance with the ownership requirements of Mining Charter 2010, given that it was lodged and accepted prior to the coming into force of the current Mining Charter 2018.
On September 27, 2018, the Minister announced the implementation of Mining Charter 2018 which sets out new and revised targets to be achieved by mining companies, the most pertinent of these being the revised BEE ownership shareholding requirements for mining rights holders. Mining Charter 2018 provides for the publication of 'Implementation Guidelines' by November 27, 2018. This creates greater uncertainty in measuring a mining right holder's progress towards, and compliance with, its commitments under Mining Charter 2018.
On March 27, 2019, the Minerals Council South Africa announced that it had launched review proceedings against the Minister to set aside certain provisions of Mining Charter 2018. Essentially the review concerned a requirement in the Mining Charter 2018 that mining firms re-empower themselves in order to renew mining licenses or transfer mining rights, contrary to the so-called 'once empowered, always empowered' principle. Judgment in favour of the Minerals Council South Africa was handed down on September 21, 2021 but the Minister has indicated that he intends to appeal the judgment. The court confirmed the 'once empowered, always empowered' principle, confirmed that the Mining Charter 2018 was a policy document and not subordinate legislation and held that a breach of the Mining Charter 2018, of itself, could not result in cancellation of a mining right.
Under Mining Charter 2018, new mining rights holders will be required to have a minimum 30% BEE shareholding (a 4% increase from the required 26% under the Mining Charter 2010) which shall include economic interest plus a corresponding percentage of voting rights, per right or in the mining company which holds the right. Waterberg JV Co. has a period of 5 years from April 13, 2021 within which to increase its BEE shareholding to 30%, given that its application was accepted prior to September 27, 2018. Mining Charter 2018 remains unclear as to whether such shareholding will be required to be distributed amongst employees, communities and black entrepreneurs as detailed below, and if so, in what percentages. Waterberg has obtained an opinion from senior counsel advising that such distribution is not required. Holders of existing mining rights who achieved a minimum of 26% BEE shareholding, or who achieved a 26% BEE shareholding but whose BEE shareholders exited prior to September 27, 2018 will be recognized as BEE ownership compliant for the duration of the mining right and for any period of renewal thereof.
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A new mining right granted after the coming into effect of Mining Charter 2018 (other than where the application for the right was accepted by the DMRE before September 27, 2018) must have a minimum of 30% BEE shareholding, applicable for the duration of the mining right, which must be distributed as to (i) a minimum of 5% non-transferable carried interest to qualifying employees; (ii) a minimum of 5% non-transferrable carried interest to host communities, or a minimum 5% equity equivalent benefit; and (iii) a minimum of 20% effective ownership in the form of shares to a BEE entrepreneur, a minimum of 5% which must preferably be for women.
The carried interest of 5% to each of the community and the employees must be issued to them at no cost and free of encumbrance. The costs to the right holder of such issue can be recovered from the development of the mineral asset.
The equity equivalent benefit relating to communities refers to a 5% equivalent of the issued share capital, at no cost to a trust or similar vehicle set up for the benefit of host communities. The intention behind introducing this alternative is so that communities accessing the benefit of ownership will not be delayed. The host community would receive an economic benefit as if it was the holder of a 5% equity interest.
Mining right holders may claim an equity equivalent ownership offset for beneficiation in accordance with a DMRE approved beneficiation equity equivalent plan.
The Mining Charter 2018 also sets deadlines by which the BEE shareholding must vest for new rights, namely a minimum of 50% must vest within two thirds of the duration of a mining right; and the prescribed minimum 30% target shall apply for the duration of a mining right.
A mining right holder will be required to invest in Human Resource Development by paying 5% of the "leviable amount", being the levy payable under the South African Skills Development Act, No. 97 of 1998, (excluding the mandatory statutory skills levy) towards essential skills development activities such as science, technology, engineering, mathematics skills as well as artisans, internships, apprentices, bursaries, literacy and numeracy skills for employees and non-employees (community members), graduate training programs, research and development of solutions in exploration, mining, processing, technology efficiency (energy and water use in mining), beneficiation as well as environmental conservation and rehabilitation.
Mining right holders must promote economic development through developing and/or nurturing small, medium and micro enterprises and suppliers of mining goods and services. Within 6 months of implementation of the Mining Charter 2018, right holders must submit a 5-year plan indicating incremental implementation of inclusive procurement targets.
A minimum of 70% of a holder's total research and development budget must be spent on South African based research and development entities, either in the public or private sector and only South African based companies or facilities can be utilized for the analysis of all mineral samples across the mining value chain.
Mining Charter 2018 also provides for minimum employment equity thresholds at various levels of management. These include:
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·	Board - a minimum of 50% are HDP's, 20% of which must be women.
·	Executive Management - a minimum of 50% are HDP's at the executive director level as a percentage of all executive directors proportionally represented, 20% of which must be women.
·	Senior Management - a minimum of 60% are HDP's proportionally represented, 25% of which must be women.
·	Middle Management - a minimum of 60% are HDP's, proportionally represented, 25% of which must be women.
·	Junior Management - a minimum of 70% are HDP's proportionally represented, 30% of which must be women.
·	Employees with disabilities - a minimum of 1.5% employees with disabilities as a percentage of all employees, reflective of national or provincial demographics.
Mining right holders must also develop and implement a career progression plan (aligned with its SLP) consistent with the demographics of South Africa, which plan must provide for (i) career development matrices of each discipline (inclusive of minimum entry requirements and timeframes); (ii) develop individual development plans for employees; (iii) identify a talent pool to be fast tracked in line with needs; and (iv) provide a comprehensive plan with targets, timeframes and how the plan would be implemented.
Mining right holders must meaningfully contribute towards Mine Community Development with a bias in favour of mine communities both in terms of impact as well as in keeping with the principles of the social license to operate. This element, together with the ownership element are ring-fenced and require 100% compliance at all times. In consultation with relevant municipalities, mine communities, traditional authorities and affected stakeholders, mining right holders must identify developmental priorities of mine communities and make provision for such priorities in prescribed and approved SLPs, to be be published in English and one or two other languages commonly used within the mine community. Mining right holders who operate in the same area may collaborate on certain identified projects to maximize the socio-economic development impact in line with SLPs.
Holders must implement 100% of their SLP commitments in any given financial year of the mining right holder. Any amendments and/or variations to commitments set out in SLPs (including budgets) shall require approval in terms of section 102 of the MPRDA, and right holders will be required to consult with mine communities.
Housing and living conditions for mine workers as stipulated in the Housing and Living Conditions Standards, developed in terms of section 100(1)(a) of the MPRDA, including decent and affordable housing, provision for home ownership, provision for social, physical and economic integration of human settlements, secure tenure for the employees in housing institutions, proper health care services, affordable, equitable and sustainable health system and balanced nutrition. Under Mining Charter 2018, holders must submit housing and living conditions plans to be approved by the DMRE after consultation with organized labor and the Department of Human Settlement. To provide clear targets and timelines for purposes of implementing the aforesaid housing and living condition principles the DMRE released the reviewed Housing and Living Conditions Standard for the Minerals Industry on December 11, 2019.,
Mining Charter 2018 provides, for the first time, a regime for junior miners who meet the qualifying criteria and grants such companies exemption from certain elements/targets. The regime for junior mining companies is limited to mining right holders who, either through holding a single or multiple mining rights, have a combined annual turnover of less than Rand 150 million.
Mining right holders who have a turn-over of less that Rand 10 million per annum are exempt from the following elements/targets set out in the Mining Charter 2018: Employment Equity Targets (if they have less than 10 employees); Inclusive Procurement Targets; as well as Enterprise and Supplier Development Targets, and are required to only comply with the following elements/targets Ownership element (but undefined as to composition of BEE shareholding); Employment Equity Targets (if they have more than 10 employees); Human Resource Development Targets; and Mine Community Development Targets.
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Mining right holders who have a turn-over of between Rand 10 million and Rand 50 million per annum are required to comply with the following elements/target: Ownership element (but undefined as to composition of BEE shareholding); Human Resource Development Targets; Employment Equity Targets (at group level); and Mine Community Development Targets.
New Order Mining and Prospecting Rights Under the MPRDA
All of the Company's prospecting rights as well as the Waterberg Mining Right are so-called new order rights (i.e. rights granted under the MPRDA) as opposed to old order rights, being rights granted under pre-MPRDA legislation.  Under the MPRDA, mining companies operating in South Africa were required to apply for conversion of old order rights into new order prospecting and mining rights issued by the South African state in terms of the MPRDA. New order rights in respect of mining are granted for a maximum period of 30 years, with renewals of up to 30 years at a time. Prospecting rights are valid for a period of five years, with one renewal of up to three years. Furthermore, the MPRDA provides for a retention period after prospecting of up to three years with one renewal of up to two years, subject to certain conditions. The holder of a prospecting right granted under the MPRDA has the exclusive right to apply for and, subject to compliance with the requirements of the MPRDA, to be granted a mining right in respect of the prospecting area in question.
The new order rights are transferable only with the approval of the Minister and are subject to various terms and conditions, including commencement of operations within specified periods, maintenance of continuing and active operations and compliance with work programs, social and labour plans, EMPs and empowerment requirements.
New order rights can be suspended or cancelled by the Minister if a holder has breached its obligations under the terms of the rights and has failed to remedy such breach after written notice of the breach from the Minister and after being given an opportunity to respond. In addition, mining rights could potentially be cancelled for non-compliance with the Mining Charter 2018.
Resource Nationalism
The concept of resource nationalism encompasses a range of measures, such as expropriation or taxation, whereby governments increase their economic interest in corporate entities exploiting natural resources, with or without compensation. The current South African government has publicly stated that it does not intend to nationalize the mining industry.
At its 53rd national conference in December 2012, the ANC rejected wholesale nationalization. It was resolved that state intervention in the economy would focus on beneficiation. Strategic minerals, which include platinum group metals, coal and iron ore, will be identified and special public policy measures may be put in place. Further state interventions could include "state ownership" through the state mining company, and mineral resource rents through the imposition of new taxes or a super-profits tax.
Environment
South Africa has a comprehensive and constantly evolving environmental regulatory framework, particularly relating to mining. The Constitution entrenches the right to an environment that is not harmful to human health or well-being and imposes a duty to protect the environment for the benefit of present and future generations through reasonable legislative and other measures. The Constitution and National Environmental Management Act ("NEMA") grant legal standing to a wide range of people and interest groups to bring legal proceedings to enforce their environmental rights, such that claims can be made against private and public entities and the South African government.
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Environmental impacts of mineral resource operations (including prospecting and mining of mineral resources and exploration and production of petroleum) are, at present, primarily regulated by four pieces of legislation, namely, the MPRDA, NEMA, National Environmental Management: Waste Act ("NEMWA") and National Water Act ("NWA").
South African environmental law is largely permit-based and requires businesses whose operations may have an environmental impact to obtain licenses and authorizations principally from the DMRE, Department of Water and Sanitation ("DWS") and the DFFE, which often contain stringent conditions relating to construction and operational requirements, as well as monitoring and reporting obligations. 
Environmental legislation also stipulates general compliance requirements. It incorporates a "polluter pays" principle and also imposes a duty on a group of specified parties wider than the actual polluter to take reasonable measures to assess, prevent and address pollution (even that which was authorized by law). This duty is retrospective in its application. A failure to take such measures may result in governmental authorities taking measures against, and recovering costs from, a wider range of parties than the one on whom the duty primarily rests. This latter group includes a successor in title to a property and based on international jurisprudence, is wide enough to include a lender or a shareholder of a company who caused the pollution, although the potential liability of shareholders and lenders has not yet been considered by South African courts.
NEMA provides for the appointment of Environmental Management Inspectors and Environmental Mineral Resource Inspectors at the DFFE and DMRE respectively. These inspectors have wide-ranging powers and can undertake both announced and unannounced inspections and investigations. Criminal prosecutions have been initiated and directives and compliance notices issued following a number of these inspections.
Under NEMA, it is a criminal offence for any person unlawfully and intentionally or negligently to commit any act or omission which causes, has caused or is likely to cause significant environmental pollution or degradation or unlawfully and intentionally or negligently commit any act or omission which detrimentally affects or is likely to affect the environment in a significant manner. A maximum criminal fine of up to Rand 10 million and/or a prison term of up to ten years may be imposed for such an offence. The NWA establishes a similar criminal offence in relation to water pollution and various offences in terms of other environmental legislation, such as the NEWA, will constitute criminal offences under NEMA.
Directives or compliance notices can also be issued under NEMA, the MPRDA or the NWA for the temporary or permanent shut down of facilities at a mining operation or the entire mining operation, due to environmental transgressions. NEMA also provides that directors and certain company officers can also be held liable in their personal capacity for the costs of rehabilitating environmental pollution or degradation.
The environmental regulation of mining has undergone a transition. NEMA is now the primary environmental legislation regulating mining and not the MPRDA. Due to this transition, the majority of the MPRDA's environmental regulation provisions were deleted ("Pre-MPRDA Amendment Act Environmental Provisions") and the National Environmental Management Laws Amendment Act, No. 25 of 2014 ("NEMLAA") introduced specific provisions regulating mining into NEMA. The Minister has however retained the bulk of his environmental regulation competencies under the NEMLAA's amendments, to be undertaken in accordance with NEMA. This transition has created some gaps as some provisions were repealed but all of the necessary amendments have yet to commence under the MPRDA and certain regulations under NEMA are outstanding.
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Under the Pre-MPRDA Amendment Act Environmental Provisions, before 8 December 2014, environmental management plans and environmental management programs ("EMPs") were required to be approved by the relevant delegated authority at the DMRE before a prospecting right or mining right respectively became effective.
In addition to requiring that an EMP be approved under the MPRDA, an environmental authorisation or an integrated environmental authorization ("EA") was required for certain activities that are incidental to mining, listed in a series of Environmental Impact Assessment ("EIA") Regulations published under the NEMA. This includes vegetation clearance; construction of roads, facilities in proximity to a watercourse and facilities that may cause pollution; and storage of dangerous goods, where the activities exceeded specified thresholds ("Listed Activities"). An EA was not required for mining or prospecting activities.
This position changed on 8 December 2014 when the 2014 EIA Regulations commenced under NEMA, replacing the 2010 EIA Regulations. Mining and prospecting activities that commenced after this date required an EA, as did associated infrastructure and earthworks directly related to the prospecting and extraction of a mineral resource.
There are presently no provisions in force in the MPRDA or NEMA deeming EMPs approved under the MPRDA to be EAs issued under the NEMA, which creates gaps in relation to the obligations of mineral right holders with an approved EMP.  Certain 2013 amendments to the MPRDA (following the implementation of the Mineral and Petroleum Resources Development Act No. 49 of 2008) introduced a deeming provision however it has not yet commenced. This provision provides that an EMP approved under the MPRDA before and at the time of the NEMA coming into force will be deemed to have been approved and an EA issued in terms of NEMA. A similar provision was proposed in previous iterations of the National Environmental Laws Amendment Bill B14D-2017 ("NEMA Bill"), which was first introduced to the National Assembly in May 2017. Whilst this is still an object of the NEMA Bill, the relevant provision has not been included in the latest iteration. There are also no transitional provisions deeming approvals to EMP applications that were submitted before NEMLAA and approved after NEMLAA to be deemed to be EAs.  This has created the situation where strictly speaking applicants for mineral rights are now required to submit an application for an EA, despite an application for EMP approval being previously submitted.  In practice however, the DMRE views EMPs submitted under the MPRDA to be EAs. Aligned with this approach by the DMRE, the 2014 EIA Regulations were recently amended to include a transitional arrangement regulating the auditing requirements in respect of EMPs for mineral rights approved prior to 8 December 2014 and still in effect.
NEMA requires an EA before Listed Activities commence and it is a criminal offence to commence such Listed Activity without the required EA. A person who has commenced a Listed Activity without an EA may apply for rectification of this state of affairs but would be required to pay a maximum administrative fine of Rand 5 million and may also face criminal penalties. Recent amendments to the 2014 EIA Regulations now also require that landowner consent be obtained in applying for an EA for mining related activities, which aligns with recent case law on the matter. Prior to the amendment, an applicant for a mineral right and associated activities was only required to consult with landowners as part of the thorough public participation process prescribed under the 2014 EIA Regulations.
Under the NWA, water cannot be owned, but is instead held in trust for the people of South Africa under the State's custodianship. A water use licence or integrated water use licence ("WUL") is required to undertake certain water uses specified in the NWA. This includes water storage; abstraction; disposal of wastewater into the environment; dewatering a mine; and impacting on watercourse's flow. Generally, large scale water users, such as mines, are required to either apply for WULs or, in certain cases, only to register water uses if small water volumes are abstracted or stored or the impacts to watercourses are low. In certain instances, an entity may continue with a water use that was conducted lawfully prior to 1998 under the predecessor to the NWA, the Water Act, No. 54 of 1956, without the requirement for a WUL. Conducting a water use without the required WUL is unlawful.
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Regulations published under the NWA regulate water use in relation to mining activities, providing for limitations on the location of mining infrastructure and requirements for separation of dirty and clean water systems. If a water use or water management is unlawful, the DWS may issue administrative directives to enforce the NWA's provisions or stop the unlawful water use. Criminal proceedings can also be instituted. Penalties for offences are a maximum fine and/or imprisonment of Rand 200,000 and five years, respectively. Upon a second conviction, the maximum fine and/or imprisonment are Rand 400,000 and ten years, respectively. Progress has been made by the DWS in addressing the backlog of pending WUL applications, firstly with the publication of regulations prescribing a 300-day application process and more recently with the revision of the online WUL portal E-WULAAS that reduces the DWS' decision-making period to 90 days. Official amendments capturing this truncated time period have not, however, been gazetted as yet. Feedback from the DWS to the mining industry has also indicated that, owing to capacity constraints, this timeline is unlikely to be adhered to.
The National Environmental Management Air Quality Act No. 39 of 2004 ("AQA") regulates air quality and pollution in South Africa and prohibits the undertaking of activities listed under AQA, including certain mining related and processing activities, without an atmospheric emission license ("AEL"). Minimum emission standards have been set for each Listed Activity. Facilities that were operational before these regulations came into force were afforded a "grace period" within which to comply with the more stringent air emission standards contained in the regulations until 2015. If a facility did not comply with the 2015 air emission standards, upgrading of the facilities was necessary. Such facilities will need to comply with even more stringent air emission standards from 2020. Additional upgrades may therefore also be required before 2020 to comply with the 2020 air emission standards, for which significant capital expenditures ("CAPEX") may be required. Alternatively, an application for a once-off postponement of the time period for compliance with air emission standards may be possible but the grant of any postponement cannot be guaranteed. The Greenhouse Gas Emission Reporting Regulations published on April 2017 and amended in September 2020 require certain industries, including mining and prospecting activities, to register as emitters with the DFFE and to report annually on their greenhouse gas ("GHG") emissions.
In relation to climate change considerations and compliance, there has been no movement on the promulgation of the Climate Bill (defined below), which was introduced to Parliament in June 2018.  The DFFE did, however, publish South Africa's draft updated Nationally Determined Contributions ("Draft Updated NDC") in March 2021 in terms of the Paris Agreement, of which it is a signatory. The Draft Updated NDC sets out South Africa's GHG emission targets, finance support requirements and long-term decarbonisation plans, and makes provision for the implementation of National Climate Change Adaptation Strategy interventions for certain priority sectors, including the mining sector. Further, in June 2021, DFFE published the draft National Guideline for Consideration of Climate Change Implications ("Draft Guideline") for comment. The Draft Guideline is intended to formulate a consistent approach for all sectors in respect of climate change impact assessments ("CCIAs") undertaken for purposes of an EA, AEL and waste management licence ("WMLs") application,  providing for minimum requirements and generic principles for involving climate change specialists in the EIA process; defining the roles of the environmental assessment practitioner, specialists and other stakeholders; and outlining the extent and content of CCIAs.
NEMWA regulates the storage, treatment, recycling and disposal of waste, among other things, including waste generated by the mining sector.  Its provisions are also relevant generally to the Company's operations.  WMLs are required for certain waste management activities, dependent on certain thresholds in relation to the waste. Although WMLs are generally not required for waste storage, such activities must comply with certain norms and standards. Residue stockpiles and deposits relating to prospecting, mining, exploration or production activities regulated under the MPRDA were previously exempt from NEMWA. This was changed by amendments under the NEMLAA and WMLs were required from the Minister for residue stockpiles and deposits since September 2, 2014, if they constitute "waste" and if they fall above the thresholds for which a WML is required, unless an entity "lawfully conducted" these activities prior to September 2, 2014. The NEMA Bill has proposed amendments to NEMWA such that the regulation of residue stockpiles and deposits are removed from NEMWA and will be regulated by NEMA. Having previously lapsed, the NEMA Bill was revived by the National Council of Provinces in October 2019 and as at the end of August 2021, was still under consideration by the provinces and Select Committee on Land, Environment, Mineral Resources and Energy.  It is not certain when it can be expected to be passed by the National Council of Provinces. If so passed, it will thereafter be signed into law by the President and WMLs will not be required for residue stockpiles and deposits.  In terms of the 2014 EIA Regulations, an EA would however be required.
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Both the MPRDA and NEMA have provisions regulating rehabilitation and closure, which are not entirely consistent. The MPRDA provides that a mineral right holder remains liable for any environmental liability, pollution, ecological degradation, the pumping and treatment of extraneous water, compliance to the conditions of the EA and the management and sustainable closure of a mine, until the Minister has issued a closure certificate ("Rehabilitation and Closure Liability"). NEMA provides that a mineral right holder remains responsible for Rehabilitation and Closure Liability notwithstanding the issue of a closure certificate.
Under the MPRDA and NEMA, when the Minister issues a closure certificate, he may retain any portion of such financial provision for latent and residual safety, health or environmental impact which may become known in the future.
The Pre-MPRDA Amendment Act Environmental Provisions required that financial provision for environment rehabilitation and closure costs must be provided by an applicant for a mineral right prior to the approval of an EMP. NEMA now requires that this financial provision must be made prior to the issuing of an EA under NEMA.
New Financial Provision Regulations in regard to rehabilitation were published under NEMA on November 20, 2015, ("2015 FP Regulations") which have been highly contentious due to gaps and contradictions with the Income Tax Act No. 58 of 1962; MPRDA and NEMA. They will require a substantial increase in financial provision required for rehabilitation, as they are far more onerous and now require financial provision to be provided for annual rehabilitation and, more significantly, the remediation of latent or residual environmental impacts which may become known in the future including the pumping and treatment of polluted or extraneous water ("Future Rehabilitation"). The Minerals Council South Africa (formerly the Chamber of Mines) has stated that the 2015 FP Regulations could have a crippling effect on the mining industry. Owing to the significant criticism against the 2015 FP Regulations and previous iterations. Until the new regulations are promulgated, three sets of draft regulations have been published since November 2017, proposing to overhaul the financial provisioning regime. The latest draft was published for comment in August 2021 ("2021 Draft FP Regulations"), which appear to have considered the criticism levelled against the 2015 FP Regulations and previous iterations. Until the new regulations are promulgated, the 2015 FP Regulations remain applicable.  To accommodate industry while the regulatory framework is being streamlined, various compliance extensions have been published in respect of the 2015 FP Regulations. In April 2021, the latest, and fourth, extension for compliance with the 2015 FP Regulations for existing mineral rights holders was published and pushed the deadline to June 19, 2022. It is hoped that the 2021 Draft FP Regulations are finalised and promulgated prior to this date.
Applicants for new mining rights submitted after 20 November 2015 are however still required to provide financial provision in terms of the 2015 FP Regulations. Trust funds may only be used for Future Rehabilitation and not annual or final rehabilitation (being the decommissioning and closure of the prospecting, exploration, mining or production operations at the end of the life of operations). The financial vehicle used for Future Rehabilitation must, on issuance of a closure certificate, be ceded to the Minister or if a trust fund is used, the trustees must authorise payment to the Minister. The aforesaid is contradictory to the Minister's discretion in the MPRDA and NEMA to retain a portion of the financial provision.
A mining or prospecting right can be suspended or cancelled under the MPRDA, or a mining right application may be refused, if there is non-compliance with environmental legislation.
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Mine Safety
Mine safety in South Africa is governed by the MHSA, which is enforced by the Inspectorate of Mine Health and Safety, a part of the DMRE. The reporting provisions of the MHSA are aligned with the International Labour Organization's Code of Practice on Recording and Notification of Occupational Accidents and Diseases. Under the MHSA, the Company is obligated, among other things, to ensure, as far as reasonably practicable, that the Company's mines are designed, constructed and equipped to provide conditions for safe operation and a healthy working environment and are commissioned, operated, maintained and decommissioned in such a way that employees can perform their work without endangering their health and safety or that of any other person. The Company is also obliged to ensure, as far as reasonably practicable, that persons who are not employees, but who may be directly affected by the Company's mining activities are not exposed to any hazards relating to their health and safety. The MHSA also authorises mine inspectors to issue safety compliance notices to mines under section 55 of the MHSA and, should the inspectors feel that the action is warranted, to temporarily close part or all of the operations under powers conferred by section 54 of the MHSA, pending compliance with the compliance notice.
An employer who has been instructed to temporarily close a mine or any part thereof in a section 54 notice has the remedy of approaching the court that handles labour law cases (the "Labour Court") for urgent relief to suspend the operation of the section 54 notice until a review application to set aside that notice is determined by the Labour Court.
The Mine Health and Safety Amendment Act, No. 74 of 2008, which came into effect on May 30, 2009, criminalizes violations of the MHSA, increases the maximum fines to Rand 1 million per occurrence and creates the possibility that mining rights could be revoked for continued safety violations. A number of guidelines on the implementation of mandatory codes of practice under sections 9(2) and 9(3) of the MHSA have been issued by the Chief Inspector of Mines and govern the provision of personal protective equipment for women in the mining industry in South Africa; trackless mobile machines; cyanide management; underground rail bound equipment; conveyor belt installation for transport of mineral, material or personnel; and risk-based fatigue management.
Royalty Payments
The Royalty Act imposes a royalty on the first transfer of refined or unrefined minerals, payable to the state, calculated on the actual or deemed gross sales amount at the statutorily determined saleable condition (i.e. whether the mineral is in a refined or unrefined condition as determined in accordance with Schedule 1 and 2, respectively, of the Royalty Act).
The royalty rate in respect of refined minerals is calculated by dividing earnings before interest and taxes, or "EBIT" (as defined for purposes of the Royalty Act), by the product of 12.5 times gross revenue, calculated as a percentage, plus an additional 0.5%. EBIT refers to the taxable mining income of the holder of the right (with certain exceptions such as no deduction for interest payable and foreign exchange losses) before assessed losses but after capital expenditure. There is also an arm's length adjustment, where applicable. A maximum royalty rate of 5% of revenue applies to refined minerals.
The royalty rate in respect of unrefined minerals is calculated by dividing EBIT by the product of nine times gross revenue, calculated as a percentage, plus an additional 0.5%. A maximum royalty rate of 7% applies to unrefined minerals.
In terms of the Tax Administration Laws Amendment Act, 24 of 2020, the Tax Administration Act, 28 of 2011 was amended to provide for the payment of interest on royalties payable under the Royalty Act and for the interest rate with regard to refunds due under the Royalty Act.
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Mining Taxation Review
In the 2013 budget speech, the Minister of Finance announced that the mineral and petroleum royalty regime has broadened the South African tax base and allowed for increased revenue during periods of high commodity prices, while providing relief to marginal mines when commodity prices and profitability are low. The broader review of the South African tax system will consider whether this approach is sufficiently robust and assess what the most appropriate mining tax regime is to ensure that South Africa remains a competitive investment destination.
To give effect to announcements made by the Minister of Finance in his 2013 budget speech, the Davis Tax Committee ("DTC") was established to assess South Africa's tax policy framework and its role in supporting the objectives of inclusive growth, employment, development and fiscal sustainability. The Terms of Reference of the DTC includes a review of the current mining tax regime. The DTC submitted its First Interim Report on Mining on July 1, 2015 and made various recommendations, including that:
·	the mining corporate income tax regime be aligned with the tax system applicable to other taxpaying sectors generally, leaving the royalty system to respond to the non-renewable nature of mineral resources; and
·	the upfront capital expenditure write-off regime be discontinued and replaced with an accelerated capital expenditure depreciation regime in parity with the write-off periods provided for in respect of manufacturing assets.
These recommendations are still under consideration by the South African government.
The DTC released its second and final report on hard-rock mining in December 2016.
Amongst the various proposals, the DTC recommended that the upfront CAPEX write-off regime should be discontinued and replaced with an accelerated CAPEX depreciation regime. The accelerated CAPEX depreciation regime will provide for write-off periods in line with that of manufacturing, namely on a 40/20/20/20. The removal of the upfront CAPEX tax allowance regime paves the way for the removal of ring fences aimed at preventing the set-off of future CAPEX expenditure against the tax base of other mining operations and against non-mining income. 
The second and final report also indicated that comprehensive review of carbon taxes has been undertaken by a separate stream within the DTC and therefore the report contains no comments on carbon taxes.
The Minister of Finance might adopt these recommendations which in turn might impact the net present value and internal rate of return of the project. 
During the 2020 legislative cycle, it was initially proposed in the draft Taxation Laws Amendment Bill, 2020, that amendments be made to the provisions dealing with the special capital expenditure allowances for mines. However, following the public consultation process, these amendments were not included in the Taxation Laws Amendment Bill, 2020. These amendments were also not introduced in the current 2021 legislative cycle but may be proposed again in future years.
Exchange Control
South African law provides for exchange control which, among other things, regulates the flow of capital from the Common Monetary Area of South Africa, Namibia, Lesotho and eSwatini (formerly Swaziland) ("CMA"). The Currency and Exchanges Act, No. 9 of 1933 empowers the President of South Africa to make regulations in regard to any matter directly or indirectly relating to currency, banking or exchanges. The Minister of Finance is responsible for all matters regarding exchange control policy, and certain of these powers and functions have been delegated to the SARB, more specifically the Financial Surveillance Department.
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The Exchange Control Regulations 1961 (the "Exchange Control Regulations"), which are administered by the Financial Surveillance Department are applied throughout the CMA and regulate transactions involving South African exchange control residents, including companies. The basic purpose of the Exchange Control Regulations is to mitigate the negative effects caused by a decline of foreign capital reserves in South Africa, and to prevent South Africa's balance of payments from being adversely affected, which may result in the devaluation of the Rand against other currencies. It is the stated objective of the authorities to achieve equality of treatment between residents and non-residents for exchange control purposes as it relates to inflows and outflows of capital.  While the South African government has relaxed exchange controls in recent years and in 2020 it was announced that the Exchange Control Regulations would be repealed and replaced by a capital flow management framework. In 2021, the Minister of Finance announced that the capital flow management framework would be substantially completed in 2021, although no indication has been given as to when it will come into effect.  One of the main features of the new framework, is that it will abolish the current negative-based list system that applies under the Exchange Control Regulations, which states that, for example, transactions involving the export of capital are prohibited, unless permitted in terms of an exception. The Company expects current exchange controls to remain in place until such time as the capital flow management framework is introduced and the Minister of Finance may provide an indication as to when exactly it will come into effect.
The Company is subject to various forms of such controls. The Company is generally not permitted to export capital from South Africa, hold foreign currency, incur indebtedness denominated in foreign currencies or acquire an interest in a foreign venture without the approval of the relevant South African exchange control authorities.
However, there are no exchange control restrictions between the members of the CMA as they form a single exchange control territory. Lesotho, Namibia and Eswatini have their own exchange control authorities as well as their own acts or regulations and rulings but in terms of the Common Monetary Area Agreement, their application must be at least as strict as that of South Africa. Accordingly, the Company will not require the approval of the Financial Surveillance Department for investments and transfers of funds from South Africa to other CMA countries.
Carbon Tax/Climate Change Policies
In terms of the Paris Agreement under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, South Africa's GHG emissions are said to peak during the period 2020 until 2025, then plateau from the period 2025 until 2035, where after GHG emissions are said to decline from 2036. However, it is estimated that the phasing in of appropriate carbon taxation can reduce South Africa's GHG emissions by between 35 per cent and 44 per cent below business as usual.
It is against this background that the Carbon Tax Act was finally assented to by the President on May 22, 2019 and commenced with effect from June 1, 2019. As per the Carbon Tax Act's Preamble, "the South African government is of the view that imposing a tax on GHG emissions and concomitant measures such as providing tax incentives for rewarding efficient use of energy will provide appropriate price signals to help nudge the economy towards a more sustainable growth path."
The introduction of carbon tax will take place in a phased manner, which allows for developmental challenges faced by South Africa, encourages investment in more energy efficient technology and ensures that South Africa's competitiveness is not being compromised.
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In the 2019 carbon tax year (which ran from 1 June to 31 December) , the Carbon Tax Act levied the tax at a rate of Rand 120 per ton of carbon dioxide equivalent ("CO2-eq") emissions on identified activities that exceed prescribed GHG emission thresholds. The tax rate has been increased annually at the rate of the November consumer price index ("CPI") as determined by Statistics South Africa that falls within the previous tax period compared with the November CPI that falls within the tax period, plus 2%. This adjustment will apply annually until December 31, 2022. As a result, the carbon tax rate for the 2020 carbon tax year was R127 per tonnes CO2-eq and for the 2021 carbon tax year, the rate is R134 per tonnes CO2-eq.  From December 31, 2022 onwards, the tax rate must be increased in line with CPI equal to the change in the November CPI as determined by Statistics South Africa that falls within the previous tax period compared with the November CPI that falls within the tax period prior to the previous tax year . This provision in the Carbon Tax Act may be amended, depending on changes made to South Africa's commitments under the Paris Agreement. Phasing-in of the tax has however provisionally allowed for a reduced tax rate.
The first phase of the carbon tax will run until the end of 2022. Due to the various industry specific tax-free emissions allowances ranging from 60 per cent to 95 per cent provided for under the Carbon Tax Act, an initial effective carbon tax rate as low as Rand 6 to Rand 48 per ton of CO2-eq emitted applied in the carbon 2019 tax year. These allowances include a/an:
• basic tax-free allowance for fuel combustion emissions of between 60% and 75%;
• additional tax-free allowance for industrial process emissions up to 10%;
• additional tax-free allowance in respect of fugitive emissions of 10%;
• trade exposure allowance of up to a maximum of 10%;
• performance allowance not exceeding 5% of the total GHG emissions of the taxpayer during the relevant tax period;
• carbon budget allowance of 5% for companies who have a carbon budget, which means a limit on total GHG emissions from a specific company, within a specific period of time. It is understood that this allowance is only available to entities who voluntarily participate in phase 1 of the carbon budget and obtain the written consent of the DFFE; and
• carbon offset allowance of either 5% or 10%.
A taxpayer, other than a taxpayer in respect of which the maximum total allowance is expressly stipulated in Schedule 2 of the Carbon Tax Act to constitute 100%, is only entitled to receive the sum of the allowances mentioned above in respect of a tax period to the extent that the sum of the allowances does not exceed 95% of its total GHG emissions.
Final regulations required for the implementation of the carbon offset and trade exposure allowances and performance allowances under the Carbon Tax Act have been published. The Carbon Offset Regulations were amended in 2021 to incorporate, amongst other things, changes clarifying the use of carbon credits from approved Clean Development Mechanism projects issued under national registries to be eligible for listing  as eligible South African carbon offsets.
Furthermore, and as previously committed to by the South African National Treasury, phase 1 of the tax is also electricity neutral in providing credits for the renewable energy premium built into electricity tariffs and electricity generation levy. The impacts of the tax on the energy sector will therefore only feed through to the consumer upon the commencement of phase 2 in January 2023. However, in the 2021 draft Taxation Laws Amendment Bill ("Draft TLAB"), it was proposed that the renewable energy premium also be available to liable carbon taxpayers who conduct electricity generation activities and purchase additional renewable energy directly under the REIPPPP (Renewable Energy Independent Power Producers Procurement Programme) or from independent power producers. The proposal is that for private purchases or under the REIPPPP, this would apply where a power purchase agreement is in place. If the proposed amendment is adopted in current form, it is proposed that it apply from January 1, 2021, that is, for the 2021 carbon tax year.
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It must further be noted that the Explanatory Memorandum published with the last version of the Carbon Tax Bill in November 2018 provides for a review of the impact of the carbon tax at the end of phase 1 (December 31, 2022). The review will understandably allow for "adjustments to the design of the carbon tax including the rates and level of tax-free thresholds that will take into account the economic circumstances and progress made to reduce GHG emissions, in line with NDC (Nationally Determined Contribution) commitments".
The South African national treasury noted in the Explanatory Memorandum that the impact of the first phase has been designed to be revenue neutral, and revenues will be recycled by way of reducing the current electricity generation levy, credit rebate for the renewable energy premium, as well as a tax incentive for energy efficiency savings.
Despite its recent introduction, amendments have already been made to the Carbon Tax Act through the Taxation Laws Amendment Act, 34 of 2019, which was promulgated on January 15, 2020. In addition to the various technical and clarification amendments, one of the key amendments included clarification regarding the CPI that will inform annual adjustments to the rate of the carbon tax. As noted above, the November CPI of the current and prior tax period are now compared to determine the increase in the carbon tax rate.
Further amendments were implemented in the 2020 legislative cycle as per the Taxation Laws Amendment Act, No. 23 of 2020 ("TLAB 2020"). Some of the amendments include aligning the carbon fuel levy adjustment with the Carbon Tax Act and allowing a carbon tax "Pass Through" for the regulated liquid fuels sector.
In the current legislative cycle, numerous amendments have been proposed, including those to the renewable energy premium referred to above, the scope and definition of carbon sequestration, clarifications regarding the carbon budget allowance and aligning the Carbon Tax Act Schedule 2 emissions activities with the GHG Reporting Regulations of the DFFE. Subsequent to the publication of the TLAB 2020, the public was given an opportunity to make submissions on the TLAB 2020 and public hearings were held by National Treasury and SARS in September 2021. As was the case in 2020, National Treasury and SARS published their draft Response Document during October 2021, which will deal with some of the submissions made by various stakeholders. The next step in the legislative process is to await the revised Draft TLAB, which will likely be tabled with the Medium-Term Budget Policy Statement ("MTBPS"). The MTBPS is currently scheduled for November 4, 2021.
In accordance with the economic stimulus package announced by South African President Cyril Ramaphosa in April 2020, the filing requirement and the first carbon tax payment which was due by 31 July 2020 was delayed to October 31, 2020. In 2021, taxpayers were required to file and pay their carbon taxes for the 2020 tax year by July 31, 2021.
Climate Change Bill
Little progress appears to have been made in respect of the proposed Climate Change Bill (the "Climate Bill") since it was first published for comment in June 2018. The Climate Bill, amongst other things, seeks to regulate the proposed carbon budget and allows for the determination of sectoral emission targets.
In his State of the Nation Address in February 2020, President Cyril Ramaphosa confirmed that the Climate Bill will be finalised as part of the "move to a low carbon growth trajectory", with no indication in terms of timing. This was, however, prior to declaration of a national state of disaster in March 2020 due to the COVID-19 pandemic.
With easing of local lockdown COVID-19 regulations, climate change regulatory developments are gaining momentum, with the Cabinet of the Government of South Africa approving the establishment of the Presidential Climate Change Coordinating Commission ("PCCC"), as well as South Africa's first Low Emission Development Strategy 2050 ("LEDS") during September 2020.
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The PCCC flows from South Africa's Nationally Determined Contribution under the Paris Agreement and will be formally established through the Climate Bill, the latter which the LEDS confirms will "form the legislative foundation for (South Africa's) climate change adaptation and mitigation response". Despite these developments that are integral to the overall climate change response, there is still little indication of when the Climate Bill can be expected to be formally promulgated, with the LEDS simply providing that it is "forthcoming".
The Climate Bill will obligate the Environmental Minister to determine GHG emission thresholds that will inform an entity's carbon budget allocation. According to the LEDS, post-2020, the carbon budget will be aligned with the carbon tax, which "may include the option of imposing a higher tax rate as a penalty for emissions exceeding the carbon budget". The Environmental Minister has further indicated that, once the Climate Bill is signed into law, carbon budget and mitigation plan regulations will follow.
South African Companies Act
The Company's South African subsidiaries are subject to the South African Companies Act, No. 71 of 2008 ("Companies Act") which came into force on May 1, 2011. The aim of the Companies Act is to modernize company law in South Africa so that it is comparable with leading jurisdictions around the world.
The Companies Act has introduced numerous new legal concepts into South African company law, and there are therefore some areas of uncertainty in the application and implementation of the Companies Act in these early stages of its existence. Various compliance obligations have been brought about for companies and their boards, including a requirement to ensure that a company's constitutional documents are aligned with the Companies Act, and that any shareholders' agreements that are in place are aligned with the company's memorandum of incorporation and the Companies Act. There was essentially a two-year "grace period" for such alignment process to take place, in that, subject to certain exceptions, for two years after the commencement date of the Companies Act (May 1, 2011), a pre-existing company's shareholders' agreement and/or constitutional documents would have prevailed in the case of any inconsistency with the Companies Act. The position currently, after the lapse of the grace period, is that a company's memorandum of incorporation prevails over the shareholders' agreement and the Companies Act in turn prevails over both. Although not peremptory, the Company has registered new memoranda of incorporation for the Company's South African subsidiaries.
The Companies Act also requires that certain categories of companies have in place certain committees, namely audit committees (for all public and state-owned companies) and social and ethics committees (for all listed public companies and state-owned companies as well as other companies that reach a certain "public interest score" in terms of the Companies Regulations, 2011). The "public interest score" takes into account the number of shareholders and employees of the company, as well as the amount of the company's debt and annual turnover.
Failure to comply with the Companies Act can lead to compliance notices being issued by the Companies Intellectual Property Commission ("CIPC"), administrative fines and civil liability for damages caused by non-compliance. The Company's South African subsidiaries may also be liable under the Companies Act to "any" other person for any loss or damage suffered by that person as a result of the Company's subsidiary's non-compliance with the Companies Act.
The Companies Act extends shareholders' rights and recourse against companies and directors. Also, directors, prescribed officers and committee members will now face more extensive and stricter grounds for personal liability for their actions in carrying out their functions within the company than was the case under the previous regime. The Companies Act introduces class action suits against companies, directors and company officers by persons whose rights are affected by the company. Companies will thus face a greater risk of litigation and the costs thereof. Minority shareholders' rights in the context of mergers and other fundamental transactions have also been increased substantially, such as the introduction of appraisal rights and the ability to set aside and review special resolutions approving such transactions. This could result in the hindrance of such transactions.
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The Companies Act has also introduced fairly extensive regulation of financial assistance given among related and interrelated companies, in that there must be shareholder approval, compliance with solvency and liquidity tests, and fairness and reasonableness in relation to such financial assistance. This for instance affects intra group loan and security arrangements, as well transactions with third parties where guarantees or other security within a group of companies is given. This affects financial assistance given by South African companies and would accordingly affect financial assistance given by South African companies to non-South African related entities.
The Companies Act prohibits companies from creating any further par value shares. If a company wishes to increase its share capital, it will have to convert all of its pre-existing par value shares into shares of no par value. The revenue authorities have issued a ruling with respect to the tax treatment of such conversions to the effect that such conversions shall not be viewed as "disposals". This may become relevant in respect of the Company's South African subsidiaries should their share capital be required to be increased at any stage for whatever reason.
An important innovation of the Companies Act is that of business rescue, which is modelled to some extent on the United States "Chapter 11" bankruptcy procedures. Business rescue is a largely non-judicial, commercial process that aims to rescue a financially distressed company and maximize the likelihood of the company's continued existence on a solvent basis.
Companies in South Africa can be deregistered if they fail to timeously lodge their annual returns. This means that the company ceases to exist as a separate juristic person, and that all of its rights and assets devolve to the state by operation of law. A company's registration can be reinstated by application either to the CIPC or the High Court. On a company being reinstated to the register of companies, the rights and assets of such company automatically re-vest, with retrospective effect, in the company. The Company ensures that at all times the requisite filings and returns of its South African subsidiaries with CIPC are up-to-date and thereby ensures that such subsidiaries are not deregistered.
Land Use
The Spatial Planning and Land Use Management Act 16 of 2013 ("SPLUMA") prescribes principles for the regulation of land use in South Africa on a national, provincial and municipal level. However, land use planning is mainly regulated on a municipal level since municipalities are constitutionally empowered to regulate the effective administration of land use planning within their respective jurisdictions. Municipal land use planning is regulated through municipal planning by-laws, spatial development frameworks and land use or zoning schemes.  Land-use or zoning schemes reflect all permissible land use rights in respect of land situated within the municipality's area of jurisdiction. Deviations from the land-use or zoning scheme are only permissible upon application for the necessary departure, land use consent or re-zoning application, as regulated by the applicable scheme and the relevant municipal planning by-law read with SPLUMA.
While previously it was in dispute whether municipal planning had the power to regulate mining activities, April 2012 Constitutional Court judgments in the cases of Maccsand (Proprietary) Limited v City of Cape Town and Others and Minister for Mineral Resources v Swartland Municipality and others confirmed that town planning approvals and consents are required for mining activities. A High Court decision has indicated that such consents will likewise be required for prospecting activities. The effect of these judgments is that all mining and prospecting operations need to be conducted on land which is appropriately zoned for mining or prospecting. Mining companies run the risk of being interdicted from continuing with their operations pending a re-zoning if the land on which they are operating is not appropriately zoned. The practical implications of complying with these judgments are numerous. These include that there may be different land uses on one property, particularly where only prospecting is taking place. These implications will need to be considered further by the Company's operations. This is further complicated by the fact that there are several provincial land use planning laws for different provinces.
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In addition to statutory controls, certain private law rights, such as the real rights created by way of registered restrictive conditions of title or servitudes, may also impact on land use planning in general.  Land use or zoning schemes are subject to the real rights created by restrictive conditions of title. The implication is that if a land-use or zoning schemes permit a land use which is prohibited by a restrictive condition of title, such condition will first have to be removed in terms of the relevant legislation (municipal planning by-laws read with SPLUMA). Servitudes may also impact on land use planning, for instance servitudes registered in respect of infrastructure.  Contravention of these real rights may result in a demolition order being granted in respect of unlawful development.
Another aspect which requires consideration is who should apply for such re-zoning. Although landowners would typically be the applicant, the Company's operations are not always conducted on land which the Company owns. Accordingly, the Company may have to obtain a power of attorney from the landowner to procure amendments to land use or zoning schemes in municipalities in which the Company intends to prospect or mine and has obtained rezoning permission where required.
Dealing in Precious Metals
All operations which acquire, refine, beneficiate, possess or dispose of gold, any metals of the platinum group, or any ores of such metals, are required to obtain authorisations to do so under the Precious Metals Act No. 37 of 2005 (the "Precious Metals Act"). These authorisations include metal beneficiation licences, refining licences and precious metals export approvals. Applications for such authorisations must be made to the South African Diamond and Precious Metals Regulator. Refining licences can be issued for up to 30 years, whilst precious metals beneficiation licences can be issued for periods of up to ten years. The issue of certain licences under the Precious Metals Act requires that the applicant be compliant with the BEE provisions of the Mining Charter 2018.
Land Claims
Under the Land Claims Act, as amended, any person who was dispossessed of rights in land in South Africa after June 19, 1913 as a result of past racially discriminatory laws or practices without payment of just and equitable compensation is granted certain remedies and is entitled to redress. In terms of the Land Claims Act, persons entitled to institute a land claim were required to lodge their claims by December 31, 1998.
The Land Claims Act also entitles the South African Land Reform Minister to acquire ownership of land or rights in land by way of expropriation and to transfer the expropriated land or rights in land to successful claimants. Notably, the Land Reform Minister may elect not to expropriate land and may provide alternative relief to the claimant, as directed by section 25(7) of the Constitution. Expropriation would be subject to provisions of the Expropriation Act 63 of 1975 and section 25(2) of the Constitution, which provide, in general, for just and equitable compensation.
The Land Reform Minister may not, however, restore land to a claimant without a court order or an agreement being reached between the affected parties for the purposes of achieving restitution.
The Restitution Amendment Act came into effect on July 1, 2014. The Restitution Amendment Act introduced significant amendments to the Land Claims Act, most notably allowing for land claims by persons previously disposed of land under apartheid laws to again be submitted, despite the previous cut-of date having expired approximately 15 years ago. The new period for lodging claims will be until June 30, 2019, which may arguably create a possible resurgence of new restitution claims. However, in Land Access Movement of South Africa and Others v Chairperson of the National Council of Provinces and Others, the Constitutional Court found that the Restitution Amendment Act was invalid as parliament failed to satisfy its obligation to facilitate public involvement in accordance with section 72(1)(a) of the Constitution. As a result, the Constitutional Court interdicted the Commission of Restitution of Land Rights from processing claims lodged from July 1, 2014 until all claims submitted prior to December 31, 1998 in terms of section 6(1)(a) of the Land Claims Act have been finalised. Parliament has since this judgment circulated a bill, which will repeal the Restitution Amendment Act, once promulgated.  In terms of this bill, the new period for the lodging of claims will still be until June 30, 2019. 
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In order to substantiate a claim for restitution, a person is required to demonstrate that:
·	he/she is a person, or it is a deceased estate dispossessed of a right in land after June 19, 1913, as a result of past racially discriminatory laws or practices;
·	he/she is the direct descendant of a person referred to above who has died without lodging a claim and has no ascendant who: (i) is a direct descendant of a person referred to above and (ii) has lodged a claim for the restitution of a right in land; or
·	it is a community or part of a community dispossessed of a right in land after June 19, 1913, as a result of past racially discriminatory laws or practices.
Under the Land Claims Act a successful claimant may be granted either return of the dispossessed land (referred to as "restoration") or equitable redress (which includes the granting of an appropriate right in alternative state-owned land; or payment of compensation). If restoration is claimed, the Land Claims Act requires, inter alia, the feasibility of such restoration to be considered. Under recent case law, restoration of land may only be given in circumstances where a claimant can use the land productively, with the feasibility of restoration being dependent on the costs.
The procedure for lodging a land claim is that a claim must be lodged with the Regional Land Claims Commissioner for the province where the land in question is situated (the "Land Claims Commissioner"). The land claim will then be investigated by the Land Claims Commissioner, after which the claim will be published in the Government Gazette and in the media circulating nationally and in the relevant province. The Land Claims Act provides that, if at any stage during the course of the investigation of a land claim, it becomes evident that:
·	there are two or more competing claims in respect of the same land (whether by communities or otherwise); or
·	the land that is subject to the claim is not state-owned land, and the owner or holder of rights in such land is opposed to the claim; or
·	there is any other issue which might usefully be resolved through mediation and negotiation,
·	the Chief Land Claims Commissioner may direct the parties concerned to attempt to settle their dispute through mediation or negotiation.  It further provides that if, upon completion of an investigation of a land claim, it is agreed that it is not possible to settle the claim by mediation or negotiation, the claim may be referred to the Land Claims Court for final determination.
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Beneficiation
The beneficiation of mineral resources in South Africa is regulated by three main pieces of legislation, namely the MPRDA, through section 26 thereof, the Precious Metals Act and the Diamonds Act, No. 58 of 1986 (as amended).
In addition to the legislative framework aimed at promoting local beneficiation of minerals, the DMRE has developed and adopted a beneficiation strategy which identifies value chains for the purpose of beneficiation of certain minerals in South Africa (which is also in line with the developmental goals set out in the National Development Plan adopted by the South African government). The Mining Charter 2018 (as discussed above) also includes an incentive for mining companies to offset the value of the level of beneficiation achieved by the company against a portion of its BEE Entrepreneur ownership requirement, not exceeding 5%, in an effort to promote local beneficiation.
The legislation at the center of the initiation or promotion of beneficiation of mineral resources is the MPRDA.  Section 26 of the MPRDA regulates the Land Reform Minister's power to initiate and promote beneficiation of minerals in South Africa. The term 'beneficiation' was not defined by the MPRDA. As the section currently reads, the Minister may prescribe levels of beneficiation of a particular mineral should he establish, on advice from the Minerals and Mining Board and consulting with the Minister of Trade, Industry and Competition, that a particular mineral can be beneficiated economically in South Africa. Further, a person who intends to beneficiate any minerals mined in South Africa, outside of the country may only do so with the written consent of and in consultation with the Land Reform Minister.
Labour Relations Act
The Constitution gives every person the right to fair labour practices.  The Labour Relations Act, No. 66 of 1995 ("LRA") is the principal legislation that gives effect to the framework in which employees, employers and industrial relations at an individual and collective level are regulated.  As a premise the LRA regulates the manner in which employees, employers, trade unions and employer's organizations interact and engage with one another in the workplace. This includes processes related to collective bargaining, wage determination, determination of terms and conditions of employment, the formulation of industrial policy and employee participation in the decision-making processes.
The LRA framework holistically is geared at the protection of employee and employer rights through various structures. Principally the LRA allows for the creation of trade unions and employer's organizations. The extent of entitlement of the trade union is subject to the size of its membership base. Depending on the number of employees who are members of the trade union, the trade union will be allowed access to the workplace, representation at the workplace, to have meetings at the workplace and to access to information concerned with the employment of the employees. To be entitled to enter into collective agreements with the employer, the trade union must have as its members the majority of the employees at the workplace. The LRA endorses a co-operative approach whereby two or more trade unions can aggregate their membership for the purposes of achieving majority status in a collective bargaining unit or forum.
Collective agreements entered into between the trade union and the employer will bind all employees employed by the employer, regardless of their trade union affiliations, for the whole period of the agreement. The LRA does not provide for a statutory duty to bargain collectively or otherwise, and therefore such conduct is purely a voluntary decision.
At a greater level the LRA allows for the creation of bargaining and statutory councils. Such councils can be established both for more than one registered trade union or employer's organization. Such councils will be established per sector or area. Councils in this regard will, amongst others, be entitled to conclude collective agreements and to engage in the resolution of disputes.
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If a dispute between the employer and employee arises the LRA clearly delineates the lawful context in which this may occur. As a premise the LRA strictly stipulates and regulates the requirements for a lawful strike, lockout or picketing. In this regard the LRA expressly identifies who is allowed to engage in industrial action of this nature, which processes must be followed and for which purposes employees and employers may engage in such industrial action. Should the industrial action require the parties to engage in a process of consultation and negotiation, the LRA also prescribes the procedures to be followed.
If the conduct of the parties, for whatever reason, result in the dismissal of employees the LRA establishes the Commission for Conciliation, Mediation and Arbitration ("CCMA") as a principal forum for the resolution of disputes resulting from the dismissal. The LRA defines unlawful dismissals as being either automatically or not automatically unfair. The type of dismissal will depend on the nature thereof and the prevailing circumstances at the time of dismissal, an example being dismissals arising from operational requirements.
A process of mediation and conciliation is peremptory in this regard. Should the dispute remain unresolved, parties will be required to enter into a process of arbitration, and the award made by the Commissioner would be final.
Employment Equity Act
The Employment Equity Act, No. 55 of 1998 ("EEA") places an obligation on employers to promote equal opportunity in the workplace by, amongst other things, eliminating any forms of unfair discrimination in the workplace. 
Section 6 of the EEA prohibits any employment practice or policy which discriminates, directly or indirectly, against any employee on any 'arbitrary ground' or one or more of the grounds specifically listed in the section -
'race, gender, sex, pregnancy, marital status, family responsibility, ethnic or social origin, colour, sexual orientation, age, disability, religion, HIV status, conscience, belief, political opinion, culture, language and birth'.
Where discrimination is alleged on one of the specified grounds, it is presumed to be unfair; if the discrimination is based on some other arbitrary ground, the complainant must establish unfairness. 
Pursuant to recent amendments, the EEA now provides that a difference in the terms and conditions of employment between employees of the same employer, which are performing the same or substantially the same work or work of equal value, amounts to unfair discrimination. It is important to note that the relevant provision refers to 'a difference in the terms and conditions' of employment and is not only limited to a difference in remuneration. Nevertheless, to prove such discrimination, the employee will need to demonstrate that the reason for the difference in treatment is based on one of the listed grounds or any other arbitrary ground.
Any party may refer a dispute for unfair discrimination to the CCMA which, in turn, must attempt to resolve the dispute through conciliation. Should the conciliation be unsuccessful, either party may refer the dispute to the Labour Court for adjudication.
Alternatively, an employee may refer the dispute directly to the CCMA for arbitration if that specific employee earns below the earnings threshold as prescribed by the Minister of Employment and Labour. The current earnings threshold is Rand 205,433.30 per annum. Irrespective of the foregoing, the employee may also directly approach the CCMA to resolve the dispute through arbitration where the employee's claim for unfair discrimination is based on alleged sexual harassment. Then again, the parties can also agree to refer the matter to the CCMA for arbitration.
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Environmental, Social and Governance ("ESG")
Corporate Social Responsibility
Being a responsible corporate citizen means protecting the natural environment associated with its business activities, providing a safe workplace for its employees and contractors, and investing in infrastructure, economic development, and health and education in the communities where the Company operates so that it can enhance the lives of those who work and live there beyond the life of such operations. The Company takes a long-term view of its corporate responsibility, which is reflected in the policies that guide its business decisions, and in its corporate culture that fosters safe and ethical behaviour across all levels of Platinum Group. The Company's goal is to ensure that its engagement with its stakeholders, including its workforce, industry partners, and the communities where it operates, is continued, mutually beneficial and transparent. By building such relationships and conducting ourselves in this manner, the Company can address specific concerns of its stakeholders and work cooperatively and effectively towards achieving this goal.
Approach
The Company and Waterberg JV Co. are committed to conducting business in a responsible and sustainable manner. Our core ESG values are:
·	to maximize the positive effect of our projects and operations for all stakeholders;
·	caring for the environment in which we operate;
·	contributing to both the short-term and long-term development of our host communities;
·	ensuring safe and secure workplaces for our employees;
·	contributing to the welfare of our employees and local communities; and
·	promoting good corporate governance, through openness, transparency, and accountability.
We are working to develop a set of performance indicators to measure and monitor key environmental, social sustainability and governance activities at the Waterberg Project. We wish to achieve a high level of understanding and commitment from those who carry out our day-to-day activities.  Our social performance indicators aim to cover social risk management, grievance management and community investment.  Our environmental performance indicators aim to cover environmental impact mitigation, audits, water, energy, GHG emissions and environmental remediation and rehabilitation.  Health and safety performance indicators are also to be recorded and monitored.
ESG Reporting and Assessment
We have partnered with Digbee Ltd. ("Digbee") to utilize an industry approved set of frameworks to assess and disclose our ESG metrics.  Platinum Group completed its inaugural ESG disclosure submission with Digbee in October, 2021.  Digbee, a United Kingdom based company, is a new mining-focused expert network and ESG disclosure platform with a goal to provide improved disclosure and better access to capital markets for mining companies involved with strong ESG practices.  Digbee has been endorsed by leading financial firms who support the Digbee ESG initiative such as Blackrock Inc., BMO, and Dundee Corporation. 
The Digbee ESG platform amalgamates over thirty initiatives and reporting standards to generate an appropriate ESG score for development stage mining companies.  The Digbee reporting framework encompasses widely recognized ESG standards including, the Equator Principles, the Global Reporting Initiative Standards, the sustainability accounting standards of the Sustainability Accounting Standards Board, and the recommendations for more effective climate-related disclosures established by the Task Force on Climate Related Disclosure.  Digbee provides a reporting framework to assist financial institutions in their own assessment of environmental and social risks in projects.
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The Company's ESG submission was based on both corporate level and project level disclosure. As part of the Waterberg Mining Right application process the Company developed a wide ranging set of studies and plans in relation to potential ESG impacts. These studies and specialists were leveraged to form the basis of the Digbee ESG disclosure and subsequent outcomes.
Based on the information provided, Platinum Group achieved an overarching score from Digbee of BB with a range of CC to AA as of September 2021.
 
High Level Positive Outcomes from Digbee Assessment
·	The commodities expected to be produced from this asset are recognized as being critical to the global energy transition.
·	The original layout for the mining operation has been altered to reduce its potential impact on local communities, a sign that Platinum Group is listening and reacting to stakeholder engagement.
·	Robust Impact Assessments have been completed providing good baselines for ongoing ESG monitoring.
High Level Potential Risks and Opportunities from Digbee Assessment
·	The asset is located in an arid environment with the need to manage all water sources, pathways and receptors very carefully.
·	While immediate local communities are generally supportive of the project, interaction between communities and mining companies in the larger region have led to civil dissatisfaction in the past.
·	Information submitted pertaining to the Tailings Storage Facility indicates that further studies are required to optimize the management of all related risks.
ESG Objectives
We are continuing to work on enhancements to our community engagement processes for all our mining and environmental matters.  We consider all stakeholders and confirm our commitment to the health and safety of our employees and surrounding communities.  Health and safety also remain a top priority.  Our ESG objectives include:
·	reducing planned water consumption;
·	achieving full compliance with regulations and reporting of GHG emissions;
·	achieving minimum impact on vegetation and supporting and enabling local biodiversity;
·	reducing planned industrial waste;
·	resolving individual community member grievances;
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·	continuing and improving stakeholder communication and engagement programs; and
·	achieving zero significant environmental incidents;
Environmental
We have commissioned independent environmental site inspections and environmental management program compliance assessments at the Waterberg Project for all our prospecting rights areas.  Annual environmental reports are filed with regulators.  To date, there have been no significant environmental incidents at our Waterberg operation since exploration began on the property in 2011.  As a requirement to the grant of the Waterberg Mining Right an EIA and EMP were filed with governmental regulators after a comprehensive consultation process with communities, regulators, environmental institutions, and other stakeholders over the last ten years.  Several independent, third-party specialist consultants completed component studies as a part of the application process. The EIA and EMP were subsequently approved by the relevant regulators. 
During 2020 an environmental rehabilitation bond was established for the future costs of mine closure and environmental restoration.  As the operations at the Waterberg Project increase, so too will the quantum of this bond.
During 2020 a study examining the use of battery electric equipment for the Waterberg Project was completed and a study examining possible water use reduction and dry stacking solutions for tailings was completed.
Furthermore, the mineral resources targeted at the Waterberg Project are mineable platinum group metals, being mainly palladium, platinum, and rhodium.  These metals are important elements in terms of reducing harmful emissions from internal combustion engines.  Platinum is a critical element in fuel cells and the "hydrogen economy" in general, highlighting the mine's potential to contribute to a cleaner future.
Social
In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, we provided and delivered approximately US$5,000 in hygiene supplies, medical supplies, and personal protection equipment to local communities near the Waterberg Project.  We ensured safe operation of exploration and office facilities during the government mandated and recommended activity suspensions.  To date, work at the Waterberg Project has been related to exploration and engineering activities.  Overall safety performance has been very good and strict safety protocols are followed.
We maintain an open communication policy with communities near the Waterberg Project.  We responded to concerns raised by individuals regarding water resources, roadways, heritage sites and planned infrastructure locations by thoroughly investigating each reported concern or claim.  Meetings were held with community leaders and site inspections occurred with local community members accompanied by independent consultants, NGOs, government agencies and regulators.  Although no material issues or events of regulatory non-compliance by the Company have been identified after these investigations, the Company remains committed to operating in a responsible manner and continues to work with local community leadership to ensure any identified issues are resolved in an appropriate and professional manner and in compliance with governing regulations.  Based on community meetings and direct feedback, and in part due to the Company's efforts to engage and support local communities, we believe local community residents support the development of the Waterberg Project and understand the expected economic benefits.  Nonetheless, a number of parties within the local community filed the Appeals in 2021 objecting to the grant of the Waterberg Mining Right.  Waterberg JV Co. has responded to each appeal and will follow the appropriate regulatory process in each instance. 
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Social and Labour Plans
The Waterberg Social and Labour Plan (the "Waterberg SLP") was developed pursuant to DMRE guidelines for social and labour plans and has been submitted in accordance with regulation 46 of the MPRDA together with the Waterberg Mining Right application which was granted on January 28, 2021 and registered on July 6, 2021. The objective of a social and labour plan is to align the Company's social and labour principles with the related requirements established under Mining Charter 2018. These requirements include promoting employment and avoiding retrenchments, advancement of the social and economic welfare of all South Africans, contributing toward the transformation of the mining industry and contributing towards the socio-economic development of the communities proximal to the Waterberg Project. Contractors will be required to comply with the Waterberg SLP and policies, including commitment to employment equity and BEE, proof of competence in terms of regulations, commitment to undertake training programs, compliance with all policies relating to recruitment, training, health and safety, etc. In terms of human resources training, the Waterberg Social and Labour Plan will establish objectives for adult-based education training, learnerships and development of the skills required by mining industry, portable skills training for transition into industries other than mining, education bursaries and internships. The Waterberg SLP will also establish local economic development objectives for projects such as community centre refurbishment, high school refurbishment, water and reticulation projects, housing development, establishment of recreational parks and various other localized programs for small scale industry, agriculture, entrepreneurship and health and education.
To support the DMRE approved Waterberg SLP for affected communities near the Waterberg Project, we have budgeted expenditures amounting to R 335.6 million ($23.11 million at August 31, 2021) over a five-year period.  Expenditures are subject to the grant of all required permits and the commencement of development activities on site.  At the end of each five-year period a new SLP will be established, considering actual expenditures to date and changes to adjust for community feedback, needs and preferences.  The current Waterberg SLP includes the following provisions:
·	Human Resource Development
Waterberg JV Co. is aware of the importance of human resources to accomplish its business objectives.  Skills development is the foundation for attaining competent and productive employees who can contribute to meeting the mine's business objectives and also contribute to the upliftment of their communities through their own personal economic success. The skills development plan for the Waterberg Project budgets R 4.98 million ($0.34 million at August 31, 2021) for the achievement of future career development opportunities within the mining industry and beyond the needs of the mine's operational requirements.  The skills development plan seeks to achieve portable skills through accredited qualification by certified training providers and programs.  Emphasis is to be applied to employment equity and to participation by historically disadvantaged South Africans and women.  Learnership, internship, bursary and youth training programs are planned.  Targets have been established for procurement and employment levels for women and for people from the local community.
·	Local Economic Development
The Local Economic Development ("LED") program will seek to enable local communities to become economically stronger by improving infrastructure, business skills, entrepreneurship, job creation and income.  An amount of R 320.6 million ($22.07 million at August 31. 2021) has been budgeted for LED projects seeking to amplify opportunities as well as alleviate poverty within the surrounding communities of the mine. Programs are to include infrastructure and educational support to local schools, mine and community bulk water supply and reticulation, extension and equipping of existing clinic/health facilities, and road construction.
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--864· Management of Downscaling
A budget of R 10.0 million ($0.69 million at August 31, 2021) has been established for training and skills development.  We conducted a social audit and needs and skills assessment of the communities near the Waterberg Project to learn about these communities and to help direct our efforts towards the matters of importance to them.  This work will guide our long-term training programs intended to increase skilled employment opportunities for local community members.  Investment in human resource development and facilitation of training during the lifetime of the Waterberg Project intends to sustain skills that will support employment for workers beyond the life of the mine. The mine intends to comply with the Basic Conditions of Employment Act and the Department of Labour's Social Plan Guidelines with the goal of establishing skills that will be of value to employees at a future time of downscaling and retrenchment. 
Governance
The Company has a Governance and Nomination Committee to ensure good corporate governance in the Company's stewardship. The committee's responsibilities include, but are not limited to:
·	reviewing and making recommendations relating to respecting good corporate governance and the Board's stewardship role in the management of the Company;
·	the regular evaluation of the effectiveness of the board, its members, its committees and their charters;
·	the evaluation of the performance of individual directors, the Board as a whole, and committees of the board;
·	the performance evaluation of the chairperson of the Board and the chairperson of each Board committee;
·	the performance evaluation of the CEO and CFO, including performance against corporate objectives;
·	CEO and CFO succession planning;
·	overseeing compliance with the Company's Code of Conduct, monitoring compliance with the code, investigating any alleged breach or violation of the code, authorizing any waiver granted in connection with the code; and
·	overseeing compliance with any rules, regulations or guidelines promulgated by regulatory authorities relating to corporate governance.
On April 30, 2021, the Company established an Environmental, Health and Technical Advisory Committee to oversee capital projects and material transactions undertaken by the Company, its subsidiaries or its affiliates from an environmental, technical, financial and scheduling perspective and to be responsible for developing and monitoring standards for ensuring a safe and healthy work environment and to promote sustainable development.
The Company is subject to anti-corruption laws and regulations, including the Canadian Corruption of Foreign Public Officials Act and certain restrictions applicable to U.S. reporting companies imposed by the U.S. Foreign Corrupt Practices Act of 1977, as amended, and similar anti-corruption and anti-bribery laws in South Africa, that prohibit companies from bribing or making other prohibited payments to public officials in order to obtain or retain an advantage in the course of business.
The Company has previously adopted a Code of Conduct, a Claw Back Policy, and a Whistle Blower Policy, amongst other customary codes and committees. During 2021 we established an Environmental, Health, Safety and Technical Committee comprised of cross-disciplinary directors.
We also adhere to the corporate governance policies of the TSX and the NYSE American.
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C. Organizational Structure
The Company's material subsidiaries as at August 31, 2021 were comprised of one wholly-owned company, a 49.9% holding in a second company, a direct and indirect 50.02% holding in a third company all of which are incorporated under the company laws of the Republic of South Africa and a 53.7% holding in a fourth company incorporated in British Columbia. The following chart represents the Company's corporate organization as at the date of filing of this Annual Report:

Notes:
1. Remaining 46.3% interest owned by Anglo Platinum Marketing Ltd., a subsidiary of Amplats.
2. Remaining interest owned as to 12.195% by JOGMEC, 9.755% by Hanwa and 15.0% by Implats.
3. Remaining 50.1% interest owned by Mlibo Gladly Mgudlwa and Luyanda Mgudlwa. Qualified BEE company.
As at the date of filing of this Annual Report, the Company's only material mineral property is the Waterberg Project, which is comprised of two adjacent project areas formerly known as the Waterberg Joint Venture Project and the Waterberg Extension Project. The Waterberg Project is held by Waterberg JV Co., in which the Company is the largest owner, with a 50.02% beneficial interest, of which 37.05% is held directly by PTM RSA and 12.974% is held indirectly through PTM RSA's 49.9% interest in Mnombo, a BEE company which holds 26.0% of Waterberg JV Co. The remaining interests in Waterberg JV Co. are held as to 12.195% by a nominee of JOGMEC, 9.755% by Hanwa and 15.0% by Implats. PTM RSA is the operator of Waterberg JV Co.  Waterberg JV Co. and its shares are governed by a shareholders' agreement (the "Waterberg Shareholders Agreement") and its memorandum of incorporation. To cause the board of directors of Waterberg JV Co. to take action, PTM RSA must generally obtain the approval of the board representatives of at least one other shareholder, which may be Mnombo, in which the Company has a 49.9% interest. In addition, certain matters must be approved by a majority, 80% or 90% vote of the Waterberg JV Co. shareholders, depending on the matter, or, in certain cases, by specific shareholders. The Waterberg Shareholders Agreement confirms the principles of BEE compliance and contemplates the potential transfer of equity and the issuance of additional equity to one or more broad based black empowerment partners, at fair value in certain circumstances, including a change in law or imposition of a requirement upon Waterberg JV Co. In certain circumstances, Mnombo may be diluted with equity transferred or issued to different black empowerment shareholders.
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D. Property, Plants and Equipment
Material Mineral Property Interests
Waterberg Project
The Waterberg Project is located 85 km north of the town of Mokopane (formerly Potgietersrus) in the province of Limpopo, South Africa, approximately 330 km NNE from Johannesburg.  Elevation ranges from approximately 880 to 1365 metres above sea level. 
The property currently covers an aggregate total of 79,188 hectares and is approximately centred on UTM coordinate (Latitude 23°21′53" S, Longitude 28°48′ 23" E).  Of the total project area 20,532 hectares are covered by the Waterberg Mining Right.  A further 58,655 hectares are covered by active and applied for prospecting rights.  Waterberg JV Co. is currently in process to apply for closure on inactive prospecting rights located north of the known mineralized area.
On September 21, 2017, the Company completed the planned corporatization of the Waterberg Project by the transfer of all Waterberg Project prospecting rights held by PTM RSA on behalf of the joint venture participants into Waterberg JV Co.
Effective September 21, 2017, Waterberg JV Co. owned 100% of the prospecting rights comprising the entire Waterberg Project area and Waterberg JV Co. was owned 45.65% by PTM RSA, 28.35% by JOGMEC and 26% by Mnombo, giving the Company total direct and indirect ownership of 58.62% at that time.
On October 16, 2017, Implats entered into definitive agreements with the Company, JOGMEC, Mnombo and Waterberg JV Co., whereby Implats purchased shares of Waterberg JV Co. representing a 15.0% interest in the Waterberg Project from PTM RSA (8.6%) and JOGMEC (6.4%) for $30.0 million, giving the Company total direct and indirect ownership of 50.02%.
The Waterberg Project is located on a newly-discovered extension of the Northern Limb of the Bushveld Complex.  Amplat's Mogalakwena mine is a Platreef asset also located on the Northern Limb. A substantial portion of the Waterberg Project prospecting area remains unexplored.
The Waterberg Project is derived from a group of exploration projects that came from a regional target initiative by the Company conceived in 2007 and 2008. The Waterberg prospect targeted a previously unproven extension to the Northern Limb of the Bushveld Complex that was overlain by a sequence of sedimentary rocks. The Company selected this target from a list of new ideas provided by a team of South African geoscientists. Detailed geophysical and other work indicated potential for a package of Bushveld Complex rocks under the sedimentary Waterberg formation cover rocks. Previous mineral exploration activities in the area were limited due to the extensive sedimentary cover. Exploration by the Company therefore progressed through preliminary exploration activities to delineate initial drill targets to primarily drilling focused work now that a deposit has been discovered.
The Waterberg Project is managed and explored according to a joint Technical Committee (defined below) and is currently planned for development according to the objective of achieving a "best outcome" scenario for shareholders and stakeholders.
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Technical Report -Waterberg DFS
Technical information in this Annual Report regarding the Waterberg Project is derived from the Waterberg DFS. In addition to the Waterberg DFS, a SAMREC 2016 compliant technical report has prepared and signed-off by the Independent Qualified Persons. The Independent Qualified Persons for the Waterberg DFS and the companion SAMREC technical report are Charles J Muller, B. Sc. (Hons) Geology, Pri. Sci. Nat. of CJM Consulting (Pty) Ltd.; Gordon Ian Cunningham, B. Eng. (Chemical), Pr. Eng., FSAIMM of Turnberry Projects (Pty) Ltd.; and Michael Murphy, P. Eng. of Stantec Consulting Ltd.
The Waterberg DFS supersedes the Company's prior technical report, the October 2018 Waterberg Report, as well as the earlier 2016 pre-feasibility study, with respect to the Waterberg Project. Prior technical reports and studies relating to the Waterberg Project should no longer be relied upon.
The Waterberg DFS has been evaluated and prepared in accordance with NI 43-101 to comply with the requirements for a definitive feasibility study. The Waterberg DFS complies with disclosure and reporting requirements set forth in the TSX Manual, NI 43-101, Companion Policy 43-101CP to NI 43-101, and Form 43-101F1 of NI 43-101. The Waterberg DFS includes measured, indicated and inferred mineral resources. Only measured and indicated resources have been incorporated into the DFS mine plan and financial model. The reader is cautioned that all estimates of mineral resources have been prepared in accordance with NI 43-101 and the Company has not disclosed or determined any mineral reserves under SEC Industry Guide 7 standards.
The following summary is qualified in its entirety with reference to the full text of the Waterberg DFS, which is incorporated by reference herein. The use of "US$" in the Waterberg DFS denotes USD.
Readers are asked to note that the Waterberg DFS assumed a long-term exchange rate for the Rand to the U.S. Dollar of 15 to 1.  The Waterberg DFS also assumed a project schedule with a start date of January 2020.  A construction decision has not yet occurred and although some pre-production work is underway on the project, a formal start has not yet occurred as of the date of this Annual Report.
1. Waterberg Project Summary
(Excerpted from the Waterberg DFS)
1.1 Introduction
This report was compiled for Waterberg Joint Venture (JV) Resources (Pty) Ltd. (Waterberg JV Resources), a company owned by Platinum Group Metals Ltd. (PTM), Impala Platinum (Implats), Japan Oil, Gas and Metals National Corporation (JOGMEC), Hanwa Co. Ltd. (Hanwa) and Mnombo Wethu Consultants (Pty) Ltd. (Mnombo).  PTM is listed on the Toronto stock exchange under the symbol "PTM" and on the New York Stock Exchange under the symbol "PLG.A."
The purpose of this report is to provide an update to the Mineral Resource estimate, update to the Mineral Reserve, and publish the results of a definitive feasibility study (DFS) for the Waterberg Project.  The Waterberg Project is the development of a platinum group metals (PGM) mine and Concentrator Plant in the Province of Limpopo, South Africa.
This report was prepared in accordance with disclosure and reporting requirements set forth in National Instrument 43-101 Standards of Disclosure for Mineral Projects (NI 43-101), Companion Policy 43-101CP to NI 43-101, and Form 43-101F1 of NI 43-101.
The estimated Mineral Resources for the Waterberg Project at a 2.5 grams per tonne (g/t) platinum (Pt), palladium (Pd), rhodium (Rh), and gold (Au) (4E) cutoff grade include a combined 242.4 million tonnes at an average grade of 3.38 g/t 4E, 0.10% copper (Cu) and 0.18% nickel (Ni) in the measured and indicated (M&I) categories, and an additional 66.7 million tonnes at an average grade of 3.27 g/t 4E, 0.11% Cu, and 0.15% Ni in the inferred category.
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The estimated Mineral Reserve for the Waterberg Project at a 2.5 g/t 4E cutoff grade includes a combined 187.5 million tonnes at an average grade of 3.24 g/t 4E, 0.09% Cu, and 0.18% Ni in the proven and probable categories.  The estimated Mineral Reserves contains a total of 19.5 million ounces of Pd, Pt, Rh, and Au.
The key outcome of the DFS is the development of one of the largest and lowest cash cost underground PGM mines globally.  The shallow, decline-accessed mine will be fully mechanized and produce approximately 4.8 million tonnes of ore and 420,000 combined ounces of Pd, Pt, Rh, and Au in concentrate per year at steady state.  The mine will produce for approximately 45 years.  Additional outcomes include:
• Estimated project capital of approximately Rand 13.1 billion (US$874 million) plus Rand 3.5 billion in capitalized operating costs to achieve 70% of steady-state production.
• Peak funding of Rand 9.26 billion (US$617 million).
• Payback period of approximately 11.4 years at 3-year average prices and 8.4 years at spot prices.
• After tax net present value (NPV) of Rand 5.62 billion (US$333 million) at an 8% discount rate (three-year average price US$931 per oz Pt, US$1 055 per oz Pd, US$1 930 per oz Rh, US$1 318 per oz Au, US$2.87 per pound Cu and US$5.56 per pound Ni, US$/Rand 15.95).
• After tax NPV of Rand 14.7 billion (US$982 million) at an 8% discount rate (spot prices September 4, 2019 - US$980 per oz Pt, US$1 546 per oz Pd, US$5 036 per oz Rh, US$1 548 per oz Au, US$2.56 per pound Cu and US$8.10 per pound Ni, US$/ZAR 15.00).
• After tax internal rate of return (IRR) of 13.3% (three year trailing average price).
• After tax IRR of 20.7% (Spot Prices September 4, 2019).
1.2 Property Description and Location
1.2.1 Property and Title
The Waterberg Project is located 85 kilometres (km) north of the town of Mokopane in the province of Limpopo, South Africa, approximately 330 km NNE from Johannesburg.  The total project area, active prospecting rights (PRs), and mining right application area covers a total area of 99 244 hectare (ha).  Elevation ranges from approximately 880 to 1 365 metres (m) above sea level.
1.2.2 Holdings Structure
Platinum Group Metals (RSA) (Pty) Ltd (PTM RSA) is the operator of the Waterberg Project, with JV partners being Japanese Oil, Gas and Metals National Corporation (JOGMEC), Hanwa Co. (Hanwa), Impala Platinum Holdings Ltd (Implats) and Mnombo Wethu Consultants (Pty) Ltd. (Mnombo).  Figure 0-1 shows the holdings of the Waterberg Project.
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Figure 0-1:  Waterberg Project Holdings

1.3 Geological Setting and Mineralisation
The Bushveld and Molopo Complexes in the Kaapvaal Craton are two of the most well-known mafic / ultramafic layered intrusions in the world.  The Bushveld Complex was intruded about 2 060 million years ago into rocks of the Transvaal Supergroup, largely along an unconformity between the Magaliesberg quartzite of the Pretoria Group and the overlying Rooiberg felsites.  It is estimated to exceed 66 000 square kilometres (km2) in extent, of which about 55% is covered by younger formations.  The Bushveld Complex hosts several layers rich in PGM, chromium (Cr) and vanadium (V), and constitutes the world's largest known Mineral Resources of these metals.
Waterberg is situated off the northern end of the previously known Northern Limb of the Bushveld Complex, where the mafic rocks have a different sequence to those of the Eastern and Western Limbs of the Bushveld Complex.
PGM mineralisation within the Bushveld package underlying Waterberg is hosted in two main layers: T Zone and F Zone.
The T Zone occurs within the Main Zone just beneath the contact of the overlaying Upper Zone.  Although the T Zone consists of numerous mineralised layers, three potential economical layers were identified, TZ, T1, and T0 - Layers.  They are composed mainly of anorthosite, pegmatoidal gabbros, pyroxenite, troctolite, harzburgite, gabbronorite, and norite.
The F Zone is hosted in a cyclic unit of olivine rich lithologies towards the base of the Main Zone towards the bottom of the Bushveld Complex.  This zone consists of alternating units of harzburgite, troctolite, and pyroxenites.  The F Zone was divided into the FH (harzburgite) and FP (pyroxenite) layers.  The FH layer has significantly higher volumes of olivine in contrast with the lower lying FP layer, which is predominately pyroxenite.
1.4 Deposit Types
The mineralised layers of the Waterberg Project meet some the criteria for Platreef-type deposits, where the mineralisation is hosted by sulphides that are magmatic in origin.  The mineralised layers can be relatively thick, often greater than 10 m. 
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The other criteria relating to the Platreef have yet to be demonstrated.  Consequently, this mineralisation is deemed to be similar, i.e. Platreef-like, but its stratigraphic position, geochemical and lithological profiles suggest a type of mineralisation not previously recognised in the Bushveld Complex.
1.5 Exploration Data / Information
The Waterberg Project is an advanced project that has undergone preliminary economic evaluations, a prefeasibility study (PFS) and resulted in this DFS.  Drilling to date has given the confidence to classify Mineral Resources as inferred, indicated, and measured. 
1.6 Drilling
The data from which the structure of the mineralised horizons were modelled and grade values estimated were derived from a total of 362 293 m of diamond drilling.  This report updates the Mineral Resource Estimate using this dataset.  The drill hole dataset consists of 441 drill holes and 583 deflections at the date of drill data cutoff (01 December 2018).
The management of the drilling programs, logging, and sampling were undertaken from multiple facilities: one at the town of Marken in Limpopo Province, South Africa, and the other on the farm Goedetrouw 366LR within the PR area, or at an exploration camp on the adjacent farm Harriet's Wish.
1.7 Sample Preparation, Analyses, and Security
The sampling methodology concurs with Waterberg JV Resources' protocol based on industry best practice.  The quality of the sampling is monitored and supervised by a qualified geologist.  The sampling is done in a manner that includes the entire potentially economic unit with enough shoulder sampling to ensure the entire economic zones are assayed.
Waterberg JV Resources instituted a complete quality assurance / quality control (QA/QC) programme, including the insertion of blanks and certified reference materials as well as referee analyses.  The programme is being followed and is to industry standard.  The data is as a result, considered reliable in the opinion of the qualified person (QP).
1.8 Data Verification
Printed logs for 90% of the holes were checked with the drilled core.  The depths of mineralisation, sample numbers and widths, and lithologies were confirmed.  The full process from core logging to data capturing into the database were reviewed at the two exploration sites.  Collar positions of a few random selected drill holes were checked in the field and found to be correct.  The average specific gravity (SG) values were generated for each individual lithological type and missing SG values were inserted according to the lithological unit.  Assay certificates were checked on a test basis.  The data was reviewed for statistical anomalies. 
The individuals in Waterberg JV Resources' senior management and certain directors of the company, who completed the tests and designed the processes, are non-independent mining or geological experts.  The QP's opinion is that the data is adequate for use in Mineral Resource Estimation.
1.9 Mineral Processing and Metallurgical Testing
Metallurgical testing of the F Zone and T Zone on selected drill core samples was completed at accredited metallurgical laboratories in South Africa with all analyses being performed with appropriate QA/QC oversight.  The economic minerals will be recovered by flotation techniques into a flotation concentrate suitable as feed stock to a smelter and followed by further downstream processing at a precious metals refinery, typical of the PGM industry.
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The PFS programme selected the most appropriate metallurgical process for the optimized recovery of the 4E elements and the associate base metals and this was confirmed during the DFS variability and production blend evaluations.
The ore is hard and is not amenable to semi-autogenous milling; therefore, a three-stage crushing followed by two-stage ball milling circuit was selected for comminution.
The testwork programme was used to develop a grade-recovery relationship targeting 80 g/t 4E in the flotation concentrate as feed to a smelter.  The concentrate is expected to contain 2.5% Cu and 2.7% Ni in addition to the contained 4E elements (Pt, Pd, Rh, and Au).  The grade recovery relationship was developed for each of the six economic metals with 4Es at 81%, Cu at 82%, and Ni at 48% for the first 13 years of production with the corresponding life of mine recoveries being 79%, 83%, and 48%, respectively.
1.10 Mineral Resource Estimates
This report documents the Mineral Resource Estimate - effective date: 04 September 2019.  Infill drilling over portions of the Waterberg Project area and new estimation methodology made it possible to estimate a new Mineral Resource Estimate and upgrade portions of the Mineral Resource to the measured category.  All the JV partners were involved in the development of the latest Mineral Resource Model, appropriate cutoff grades, economic parameters, and Mineral Resource Model criteria.  It was determined in relation to basic working costs and in consideration of the overall resource envelope for the deposit, that at a 2.0 grams per tonne (g/t) cutoff grade, the deposit has a reasonable prospect of economic extraction.  The Mineral Resource Statement is summarised in Table 0-1.  For purposes of the DFS, sensitivity analysis and comparison to the 2016 PFS, which utilised a 2.5 g/t Pt, Pd, Rh, Au for the (4E) cutoff grade, a Mineral Resource Estimate at a 2.5 g/t cutoff grade is the preferred scenario as shown in Table 0-2.
Table 0-1:  Summary of Mineral Resource Estimate Effective 04 September 2019 on a 100% Project Basis at 2.0 g/t Cutoff

Total T Zone at 2.0 g/t (4E) Cutoff	
Mineral
Resource
Category	Cutoff	Tonnage	Grade	Metal	
	4E		Pt	Pd	Rh	Au	4E	Cu	Ni	4E	
	g/t	t	g/t	g/t	g/t	g/t	g/t	%	%	kg	Million
ounces
(Moz)	
Measured	2.0	4 892 193	1.12	2.01	0.04	0.85	4.02	0.16	0.08	19 667	0.632	
Indicated	2.0	21 479 925	1.23	2.09	0.03	0.78	4.13	0.19	0.09	88 712	2.852	
M+I	2.0	26 372 118	1.21	2.08	0.03	0.79	4.11	0.18	0.09	108 379	3.484	
Inferred	2.0	25 029 695	1.17	1.84	0.03	0.60	3.64	0.14	0.07	91 108	2.929	
Mineral
Resource
Category	Prill Split	
	Pt	Pd	Rh	Au	
	%	%	%	%	
Measured	27.9	50.0	1.0	21.1	
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Indicated	29.8	50.6	0.7	18.9	
M+I	29.5	50.6	0.7	19.2	
Inferred	32.1	50.5	0.8	16.6	
F Zone at 2.0 g/t (4E) Cutoff	
Mineral
Resource
Category	Cutoff	Tonnage	Grade	Metal	
	4E		Pt	Pd	Rh	Au	4E	Cu	Ni	4E	
	g/t	t	g/t	g/t	g/t	g/t	g/t	%	%	kg	Moz	
Measured	2.0	75 332 513	0.82	2.00	0.05	0.14	3.01	0.08	0.19	226 833	7.293	
Indicated	2.0	273 272 480	0.80	1.85	0.04	0.14	2.83	0.07	0.18	772 103	24.824	
M+I	2.0	348 604 993	0.80	1.88	0.04	0.14	2.87	0.08	0.18	998 936	32.117	
Inferred	2.0	121 535 227	0.70	1.62	0.04	0.13	2.50	0.07	0.16	303 722	9.765	
Mineral
Resource
Category	Prill Split	
	Pt	Pd	Rh	Au	
	%	%	%	%	
Measured	27.2	66.4	1.7	4.7	
Indicated	28.3	65.4	1.4	4.9	
M+I	28.0	65.7	1.4	4.9	
Inferred	28.1	65.1	1.6	5.2	
Waterberg Aggregate Total 2.0 g/t Cutoff	
Mineral
Resource
Category	Cutoff	Tonnage	Grade	Metal	
	4E		Pt	Pd	Rh	Au	4E	Cu	Ni	4E	
	g/t	t	g/t	g/t	g/t	g/t	g/t	%	%	kg	Moz	
Measured	2.0	80 224 706	0.84	2.00	0.05	0.18	3.07	0.08	0.18	246 500	7.925	
Indicated	2.0	294 752 405	0.83	1.87	0.04	0.19	2.92	0.08	0.17	860 815	27.676	
M+I	2.0	374 977 111	0.83	1.90	0.04	0.19	2.96	0.08	0.18	1 107 315	35.601	
Inferred	2.0	146 564 922	0.78	1.66	0.04	0.21	2.69	0.08	0.15	394 830	12.694	
Mineral
Resource
Category	Prill Split	
	Pt	Pd	Rh	Au	
	%	%	%	%	
Measured	27.3	65.1	1.6	6.0	
Indicated	28.4	63.9	1.3	6.4	
M+I	28.1	64.3	1.3	6.3	
Inferred	29.0	61.7	1.5	7.8	
Notes:
·	4E = Platinum Group Elements (PGE) (Pt + Pd + Rh) and Au. 
·	The cutoffs for Mineral Resources were established by a QP after a review of potential operating costs and other factors. 
·	The Mineral Resources stated above are shown on a 100% basis, that is, for the Waterberg Project entity. 
·	Conversion factor used - kg to oz = 32.15076. 
·	Numbers may not add due to rounding. 
·	A 5% and 7% geological loss were applied to the measured / indicated and inferred Mineral Resource categories, respectively.
85

Table 0-2:  Summary of Mineral Resource Estimate effective 04 September 2019 on a 100% Project Basis at 2.5 g/t (4E) Cutoff

T Zone at 2.5 g/t (4E) Cutoff	
Mineral
Resource
Category	Cutoff	Tonnage	Grade	Metal	
	4E		Pt	Pd	Rh	Au	4E	Cu	Ni	4E	
	g/t	t	g/t	g/t	g/t	g/t	g/t	%	%	kg	Moz	
Measured	2.5	4 443 483	1.17	2.12	0.05	0.87	4.20	0.15	0.08	18 663	0.600	
Indicated	2.5	17 026 142	1.37	2.34	0.03	0.88	4.61	0.20	0.09	78 491	2.524	
M+I	2.5	21 469 625	1.34	2.29	0.03	0.88	4.53	0.19	0.09	97 154	3.124	
Inferred	2.5	21 829 698	1.15	1.92	0.03	0.76	3.86	0.20	0.10	84 263	2.709	
Mineral
Resource
Category	Prill Split	
	Pt	Pd	Rh	Au	
	%	%	%	%	
Measured	27.8	50.4	1.2	20.6	
Indicated	29.7	50.7	0.6	19.0	
M+I	29.5	50.4	0.7	19.4	
Inferred	29.8	49.7	0.8	19.7	
F Zone at 2.5 g/t (4E) Cutoff	
Mineral
Resource
Category	Cutoff	Tonnage	Grade	Metal	
	4E		Pt	Pd	Rh	Au	4E	Cu	Ni	4E	
	g/t	t	g/t	g/t	g/t	g/t	g/t	%	%	kg	Moz	
Measured	2.5	54 072 600	0.95	2.20	0.05	0.16	3.36	0.09	0.20	181 704	5.842	
Indicated	2.5	166 895 635	0.95	2.09	0.05	0.15	3.24	0.09	0.19	540 691	17.384	
M+I	2.5	220 968 235	0.95	2.12	0.05	0.15	3.27	0.09	0.19	722 395	23.226	
Inferred	2.5	44 836 851	0.87	1.92	0.05	0.14	2.98	0.06	0.17	133 705	4.299	
Mineral
Resource
Category	Prill Split	
	Pt	Pd	Rh	Au	
	%	%	%	%	
Measured	28.3	65.4	1.5	4.8	
Indicated	29.3	64.4	1.6	4.7	
M+I	29.1	64.8	1.5	4.6	
Inferred	29.2	64.4	1.7	4.7	
86

Waterberg Aggregate Total 2.5 g/t Cutoff	
Mineral
Resource
Category	Cutoff	Tonnage	Grade	Metal	
	4E		Pt	Pd	Rh	Au	4E	Cu	Ni	4E	
	g/t	t	g/t	g/t	g/t	g/t	g/t	%	%	kg	Moz	
Measured	2.5	58 516 083	0.97	2.19	0.05	0.21	3.42	0.09	0.19	200 367	6.442	
Indicated	2.5	183 921 777	0.99	2.11	0.05	0.22	3.37	0.10	0.18	619 182	19.908	
M+I	2.5	242 437 860	0.98	2.13	0.05	0.22	3.38	0.10	0.18	819 549	26.350	
Inferred	2.5	66 666 549	0.96	1.92	0.04	0.34	3.27	0.11	0.15	217 968	7.008	
Notes:
·	4E = PGE (Pt + Pd + Rh) and Au. 
·	The cutoffs for Mineral Resources were established by a QP after a review of potential operating costs and other factors. 
·	The Mineral Resources stated above are shown on a 100% basis, that is, for the Waterberg Project entity. 
·	Conversion factor used - kg to oz = 32.15076. 
·	Numbers may not add due to rounding. 
·	A 5% and 7% geological loss were applied to the measured/indicated and inferred Mineral Resource categories, respectively.
Following are the parameters for the Mineral Resources.
• Mineral Resources are classified in accordance with the South African Code for the Reporting of Exploration Results, Mineral Resources and Mineral Reserves (SAMREC) 2016 standards.  Certain differences exist with the "Canadian Institute of Mining (CIM) Standards on Mineral Resources and Mineral Reserves;" however, in this case the company and QP believe the differences are not material and the standards may be considered the same.  Inferred Mineral Resources have a high degree of uncertainty. 
• Mineral Resources are provided on a 100% project basis.  Inferred and indicated categories are separate.  The estimates have an effective date of 04 September 2019. 
• A cutoff grade of 2.0 g/t and 2.5 g/t 4E is applied to the selected Base Case Mineral Resources.
• Cutoff grade for the T Zone and the F Zone considered costs, smelter discounts, concentrator recoveries from the previous and ongoing engineering work completed on the property by the company, and its independent engineers.  Spot and three-year trailing average prices and exchange rates are considered for the cutoff considerations.  The upper and lower bound metal prices used in the determination of cutoff grade for resources estimated are as follows: US$983/oz-US$953/oz Pt, US$993/oz-US$750/oz Pd, US$1 325/oz-US$1 231/oz Au, US$1 923US/oz-US$972/oz Rh, US$6.08/lb-US$4.77/lb Ni, US$3.08/lb-US$2.54/lb Cu, and US$/ZAR15-US$/ZAR12.  These metal prices are based on the estimated 3-year trailing average prices and the spot prices at the time of commencement of the Mineral Resource Estimate modelling.  The lower cutoff was tested against the higher metal price in the range and the higher cutoff was tested against the lower price in the range.
The objective of the cutoff grade estimation was to establish a minimum grade for working break even.  Following the PFS, the following factors were used for the calculation of cutoff at 2.0 g/t 4E at higher potential prices and 2.5 g/t 4E at more conservative lower prices listed above.
• Working cost mining of US$25.00, R379 per tonne, life-of-mine (LOM) average total operating costs (OpEx) US$38 574 Rand average LOM.
• 80 g/t concentrate, 82% recoveries of the PGMs, 88% of the Cu and 49% of the Ni.
• 85% payability of the PGMs from a third-party smelter, 73% for Cu and 68% for Ni.
These costs recoveries and pay abilities were updated in the DFS for the consideration of Mineral Reserves.
• Charles Muller of CJM Consulting (South Africa) Pty Limited (CJM) completed the Mineral Resource Estimate.
87

• Mineral Resources were estimated using ordinary kriging (OK) and simple kriging (SK) methods in Datamine Studio3 from 441 mother holes and 583 deflections in mineralisation.  A process of geological modelling and creation of grade shells using indicating kriging (IK) was completed in the estimation process.
• The estimation of Mineral Resources considered environmental, permitting, legal, title, taxation, socioeconomic, marketing, and political factors.  The Mineral Resources may be materially affected by metals prices, exchange rates, labour costs, electricity supply issues, or many other factors detailed in the company's annual information form.
• Estimated grades and quantities for byproducts are included in recoverable metals and estimates in the DFS.  Cu and Ni are the value byproducts recoverable by flotation and for M&I Mineral Resources are estimated at 0.18% Cu and 0.09% Ni in the T Zone and 0.08% Cu and 0.18% Ni in the F Zone. 
The data that formed the basis of the estimate are the drill holes drilled by Waterberg JV Resources, which consist of geological logs, the drill hole collars, the downhole surveys, and the assay data, all of which were validated by the QP.  The area where each layer was present was delineated after examination of the intersections in the various drill holes.
1.11 Mineral Reserve Estimates
The effective date for the Mineral Reserve estimate contained in this report is 04 September 2019.
The Waterberg Project Mineral Reserve Estimate was based on the M&I Mineral Resource material contained in the T Zone and Super F Zone (F Zone) resource block models.  The F Zone is comprised of the five sub-zones listed below.
• Super F-South Zone (F-South)
• Super F-Central Zone (F-Central)
• Super F-North Zone (F-North)
• Super F-Boundary North Zone (F-Boundary North)
• Super F-Boundary South Zone (F-Boundary South)
A 2.5 g/t 4E stope cutoff grade was used for mine planning for both the T Zone and F Zone. 
The mine design is based on using the sublevel longhole stoping mining method with paste backfill.  Sublevel intervals and stope dimensions were established from evaluating mineral resource geometry and continuity, geomechanical study design parameters, and optimizing production rate and resource extraction.  Individual stope mining shapes were created using mineable shape optimizer (MSO) software.  Stope sill development designs were prepared for all stopes and the Mineral Resources contained in development has been separated from the stopes.  The in situ Mineral Resource contained in the stope shapes and development designs were extracted from the resource models and include all planned dilution.  Modifying factors applied to the in situ Mineral Resource include geological losses, external overbreak dilution, and mining losses. 
The reference point for the estimated Mineral Reserves is delivery of run-of-mine (ROM) ore to the processing plant.
The estimated proven, probable, and total Waterberg Project Mineral Reserves at 2.5 g/t 4E cutoff effective as of 04 September 2019 are summarized in 
Table 0-3, Table 0-4, and Table 0-5.
88

Table 0-3:  Proven Mineral Reserve Estimate at 2.5 g/t 4E Cutoff effective 04 September 2019

Zone	Tonnes	Pt	Pd	Rh	Au	4E	Cu	Ni	4E Metal	
 	 	(g/t)	(g/t)	(g/t)	(g/t)	(g/t)	(%)	(%)	(kg)	(Moz)	
T Zone	3 963 694	1.02	1.84	0.04	0.73	3.63	0.13	0.07	14 404	0.463	
F-Central	17 411 606	0.94	2.18	0.05	0.14	3.31	0.07	0.18	57 738	1.856	
F-South	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0.000	
F-North	16 637 670	0.85	2.03	0.05	0.16	3.09	0.10	0.20	51 378	1.652	
F-Boundary North	4 975 853	0.97	2.00	0.05	0.16	3.18	0.10	0.22	15 847	0.509	
F-Boundary South	5 294 116	1.04	2.32	0.05	0.18	3.59	0.08	0.19	19 020	0.611	
F Zone Total	44 319 244	0.92	2.12	0.05	0.16	3.25	0.09	0.20	143 982	4.629	
Waterberg Total	48 282 938	0.93	2.10	0.05	0.20	3.28	0.09	0.19	158 387	5.092	
Table 0-4:  Probable Mineral Reserve Estimate at 2.5 g/t 4E Cutoff effective 04 September 2019

Zone	Tonnes	Pt	Pd	Rh	Au	4E	Cu	Ni	4E Metal	
 	 	(g/t)	(g/t)	(g/t)	(g/t)	(g/t)	(%)	(%)	(kg)	(Moz)	
T Zone	12 936 870	1.23	2.10	0.02	0.82	4.17	0.19	0.09	53 987	1.736	
F-Central	52 719 731	0.86	1.97	0.05	0.14	3.02	0.07	0.18	158 611	5.099	
F-South	15 653 961	1.06	2.03	0.05	0.15	3.29	0.04	0.13	51 411	1.653	
F-North	36 984 230	0.90	2.12	0.05	0.16	3.23	0.09	0.20	119 450	3.840	
F-Boundary North	13 312 581	0.98	1.91	0.05	0.17	3.11	0.10	0.23	41 369	1.330	
F-Boundary South	7 616 744	0.92	1.89	0.04	0.13	2.98	0.06	0.18	22 737	0.731	
F Zone Total	126 287 248	0.91	2.01	0.05	0.15	3.12	0.08	0.18	393 578	12.654	
Waterberg Total	139 224 118	0.94	2.02	0.05	0.21	3.22	0.09	0.18	447 564	14.390	
Table 0-5:  Total Estimated Proven and Probable Mineral Reserve at 2.5 g/t Cutoff effective as of 04 September 2019

Zone	Tonnes	Pt	Pd	Rh	Au	4E	Cu	Ni	4E Metal	
 	 	(g/t)	(g/t)	(g/t)	(g/t)	(g/t)	(%)	(%)	(kg)	(Moz)	
T Zone	16 900 564	1.18	2.04	0.03	0.80	4.05	0.18	0.09	68 391	2.199	
F-Central	70 131 337	0.88	2.02	0.05	0.14	3.09	0.07	0.18	216 349	6.956	
F-South	15 653 961	1.06	2.03	0.05	0.15	3.29	0.04	0.13	51 411	1.653	
F-North	53 621 900	0.88	2.09	0.05	0.16	3.18	0.10	0.20	170 828	5.492	
F-Boundary North	18 288 434	0.98	1.93	0.05	0.17	3.13	0.10	0.23	57 216	1.840	
F-Boundary South	12 910 859	0.97	2.06	0.05	0.15	3.23	0.07	0.19	41 756	1.342	
F Zone Total	170 606 492	0.91	2.04	0.05	0.15	3.15	0.08	0.19	537 560	17.283	
Waterberg Total	187 507 056	0.94	2.04	0.05	0.21	3.24	0.09	0.18	605 951	19.482	
89

Notes:
·	A stope cutoff grade of 2.5 g/t 4E was used for mine planning for the mineral reserves estimate
·	Tonnage and grade estimates include planned dilution, geological losses, external overbreak dilution, and mining losses
·	Metal prices assumed for cutoff grade estimates were: Pt = $US 960/oz, Pd = $US 993/oz, Rh = $US 1 923/oz, Au = $US 1 325/oz, Cu = $US 6 795/tonne, Ni = $US 13 395/tonne and ZAR:$US 12.04
·	4E = PGE (Pt + Pd + Rh) and Au.
·	Numbers may not add due to rounding.
1.12 Mining Methods
The Waterberg Project will be a 400 000 tonnes per month (tpm) [400 kilo tonnes per month (ktpm)] mechanized underground mining operation accessed via declines.  The mine design is based on using the Sublevel Longhole Stoping mining method (Longhole) and backfilling the mined voids with paste backfill.
The Waterberg Project was divided into the following three mining complexes.
• The South Complex that includes T Zone and F-South
• The Central Complex that includes F-Central
• The North Complex that includes F-North, F-Boundary North, and F-Boundary South
A plan view with the production areas projected to surface is shown in Figure 0-2 and a longitudinal view of the zones, looking approximately northwest (looking from the footwall), is shown in Figure 0-3.
Figure 0-2:  Surface Plan View Showing Mineral Resource Extents

Source:  Background - Google Maps
90

Figure 0-3:  Longitudinal View of Waterberg Complexes (Looking Northwest)

There will be a box cut and portal at each complex, each with twin declines (service decline and conveyor decline) developed to access and service the complex for the LOM.
1.12.1 Geomechanical
Geomechanics core logging and laboratory test data from the PFS and additional data collected as part of this DFS were combined in a database and used to develop a geomechanical model and for use in rock mass classifications systems to develop rock mechanics parameters for the mine design.  The analysis utilised several common empirical models and was validated with numerical modelling in several instances.
Support requirements for development headings were developed and are in line with both empirical calculation methods and common support types.  Generally, primary ground support will consist of patterned rock bolts and screen, with application of shotcrete in areas deeper in the mine.
A numerical modelling exercise was undertaken to evaluate the evolution of rock mass damage and paste backfill performance as mining progresses.  The principal findings of the modelling exercise are listed below.
• No requirement exists for substantial designed regional ore pillars.
• No major rock mass damage (stopes and rock pillars) was developed above around 300 m below surface.  Moderate to major rock mass damage developed in stope abutments and secondary stope cores towards end of the sequence, especially below 1 000 m.
• Paste backfill dilution in wider parts of the ore body is expected, principally affecting secondary transverse stopes.  In general, paste backfill dilution is anticipated to increase with depth and towards completion of the mining level and has been reflected in the dilution estimates
Backfill stability was assessed primarily using empirical-analytical methods with developed backfill strength requirements validated by benchmarking and limited three-dimensional (3D) finite element modelling.
1.12.2 Mine Development
All decline and lateral excavations will be developed using drill and blast methods and mechanized diesel-powered mobile equipment.  A summary of the development totals by complex is included in Table 0-6 and the development profile is shown in Figure 0-4.
91

Table 0-6:  Development Quantities by Complex

Item	Central
Complex
(m)	South
Complex
(m)	North
Complex
(m)	Waterberg
Total
(m)	
Decline	22 316	37 197	33 398	92 911	
Lateral Sublevel and Infrastructure	160 963	112 766	225 750	499 479	
Total	183 279	149 963	259 148	    592 390	
Figure 0-4:  Lateral Development Profile

1.12.3 Production
Mining blocks will be established at 100 m vertical intervals and will consist of two sublevels spaced at 40 m (40 m stope height) and one sublevel spaced at 20 m (20 m uppers stope that will be mined beneath the backfilled stopes in the block above).  Individual stopes will be 20 m along strike and a combination of transverse and longitudinal approaches will be used to accommodate the varying ore body thickness.  Within each mining block, stopes have been sequenced and there will be multiple stopes in the active stope cycle.  To achieve the production profile, there will be multiple mining blocks in production simultaneously.
The production plan focuses on optimizing the ramp-up period and maximizing productivity.  Each complex was scheduled independently as a stand-alone operation.  The breakdown of tonnes and grade recovered by mining approach and zone is summarised in Table 0-7.
Initial production will come from the simultaneous operation of the Central and South Complexes, with the North Complex phased in once production in the Central and South Complexes begins to ramp down.  There will be approximately five years of ramp up from the start of the decline development in 2021 to achieve sustainable 70% of steady-state production in January 2026.  Steady-state production of 400 ktpm will be achieved in Q1 2027 with 300 ktpm from the Central Complex and 100 ktpm from the South Complex.  Later in the mine life, the North Complex will ramp up to maintain 400 ktpm production.  The ramp-up and steady-state production tonnage profiles are shown in Figure 0-5 and Figure 0-6.
92

Table 0-7:  Life-of-Mine Production Summary

 	T Zone	F-Central	F-South	F-North	F-Boundary 
North	F-Boundary
South	
Ore Tonnes - Stope Total	15 610 201	65 326 918	14 482 019	50 274 701	16 888 572	11 922 776	
  Ore Tonnes - Transverse	1 689 200	46 538 873	2 302 529	38 755 421	7 318 698	508 303	
  Ore Tonnes - Longitudinal	13 921 001	18 788 045	12 179 491	11 519 279	9 569 874	11 414 473	
Ore Tonnes - Development	1 290 363	4 804 419	1 171 942	3 347 199	1 399 862	988 084	
Ore Tonnes - Total	16 900 564	70 131 337	15 653 961	53 621 900	18 288 434	12 910 859	
Grade 4E (g/t)	4.05	3.09	3.29	3.18	3.13	3.23	
  Grade Pt (g/t)	1.18	0.88	1.06	0.88	0.98	0.97	
  Grade Pd (g/t)	2.04	2.02	2.03	2.09	1.93	2.06	
  Grade Rh (g/t)	0.03	0.05	0.05	0.05	0.05	0.05	
  Grade Au (g/t)	0.80	0.14	0.15	0.16	0.17	0.15	
Grade Cu (%)	0.18	0.07	0.04	0.10	0.10	0.07	
Grade Ni (%)	0.09	0.18	0.13	0.20	0.23	0.19	
Notes:
·	4E = PGE (Pt + Pd + Rh) and Au.
·	Totals may not add due to rounding.
Figure 0-5:  Production Tonnage by Month during Ramp-up

93

Figure 0-6:  Annual Production Tonnage Profile

1.12.4 Ventilation and Mine Air Refrigeration
The underground mobile equipment will be diesel powered.  The required ventilation flow will be 1 124 cubic metres per second (m3/s), 688 m3/s, and 1 229 m3/s for the Central, South, and North Complexes, respectively.
Ventilation to each complex will be provided by surface fresh air and return air ventilation raises and the portals / declines.  The ventilation systems will be a "pull" system with large surface fans located at the exhaust raises.  Ventilation in the conveyor declines will have fresh air pulled from the portals and exhausted without being used to ventilate other mine workings.
The underground heat loads will be countered by a combination of refrigerated air and uncooled air.  The cooling requirement will be 20 megawatts refrigeration (MWR), 10 MWR, and 20 MWR for the Central, South, and North Complexes, respectively.  Mine air cooling will not be required until mining depths reach 700 m below surface in 2030.
1.13 Recovery Methods
The process design for the Waterberg Concentrator Plant was developed based on the extensive metallurgical test work results and previous studies.  The testwork programme developed during the PFS and the DFS identified that the mill-float-mill-float (MF2) configuration following three stage crushing is the most appropriate recovery technique for the PGE and the base metals for the F Zone and the T Zone ores.  The plant design makes provision for the controlled blending of the two ore types in the crushing circuit.  The blending of the ores does not require a conceptual change to the MF2 flowsheet, but the controlled blending is considered advantageous in providing a consistent feed composition to the process.  Further optimisation of the reagent addition during operation to achieve the optimal concentrate grade and recovery can be completed.
The flotation concentrator will produce a concentrate containing 80 g/t 4E with a mass pull of approximately 3.1%.  The concentrator was designed to process 4.8 Mtpa (400 ktpm) of ROM and will produce 155 kilo tonnes per annum (ktpa) of concentrate to be shipped by road to a smelter.  The concentrate will contain 12% moisture while the tailings will be directed to either the backfill plant for placing as cemented fill underground or to the surface tailings storage facility (TSF).
The plant production rate is aligned with mine production and plant production will commence in January 2024 with ramp-up continuing until steady state is reached December 2026 as indicated in Figure 0-7.
94

Figure 0-7:  Annual Mill Feed Profile Summary

The concentrate production and contained 4E elements approaching 425 000 ounces per annum is indicated in Figure 0-8 along with anticipated the base metal content in tonnes per annum (tpa).
Figure 0-8:  Annual Metal Production Summary

95

1.14 Project Infrastructure
The Waterberg Project is located in a rural area with limited existing infrastructure apart from gravel roads, drill hole water, and 22 kilovolts (kV) rural power distribution with limited capacity.  Upgrading is planned for all existing infrastructure, including the upgrading of 34km of the gravel roads to the N11 national road. 
In addition to three mining complexes and one processing facility, the Waterberg Project infrastructure required for a successful operation will include the construction of a new 132 kV electrical supply from the ESKOM Burotho 400/132 kV main transmission station 74 km south of the site.  The development and equipping of a local well field spread over 20 km to provide water.
At the site, a lined TSF, ore stockpile and waste rock storage facilities, backfill preparation and distribution system, and the necessary surface infrastructure to support mining and processing operations will be constructed. 
The project will require 90 mega volt amps (MVA) of electrical power and 6.2 ML/day of industrial water.
1.15 Market Studies and Contracts
One of the JV partners of the Waterberg Project is Implats; therefore, no formal marketing study was commissioned for the DFS.
Metal price movements for the economic metals associated with the project (Pt, Pd, Rh, Au, Ni, and Cu) were reviewed for the preceding three years and show that there was a significant change in the market for the major contributors to income generation.  The metal prices for the period to 04 September 2019 normalised to 01 July 2019 are detailed in Table 0-8.
Table 0-8:  Pricing for all Economic Metals

Period	Pd	Pt	Au	Ni	Cu	Rh	
	US$/oz	US$/oz	US$/oz	US$/tonne	US$/tonne	US$/oz	
Three-year Trailing	$ 1 055	$ 931	$ 1 318	$ 12 248	$ 6 333	$ 1 930	
Two-year Trailing	$ 1 174	$ 891	$ 1 322	$ 13 034	$ 6 530	$ 2 427	
One-year Trailing	$ 1 338	$ 841	$ 1 318	$ 12 666	$ 6 146	$ 2 942	
04 September 2019 Spot	$ 1 546	$ 980	$ 1 548	$ 17 855	$ 5 646	$ 5 036	
Source - 'Johnson Matthey Metal Prices' BMO
96

Considering these metal prices and the production profile for the Waterberg Project, contributors to income are summarized in Table 0-9.  The first 13 years of the production profile is treating about 25% from the T Zone with a different prill spilt to the F Zone ore.
Table 0-9:  Economic PGEs and Base Metals for first 13 Years and Life of Mine

Metal	Approximate Percent of Revenue
(3-year trailing price to September2019)	 	Approximate Percent of Revenue
(04 September 2019 Spot Price)
 	
	First 13 years	LOM	First 13 years	LOM	
Pd	54.3%	55.8%	59.4%	60.6%	
Pt	23.2%	22.1%	18.2%	17.2%	
Au	8.3%	6.1%	7.3%	5.3%	
Ni	8.7%	10.5%	9.5%	11.3%	
Cu	4.1%	4.0%	2.7%	2.6%	
Rh	1.5%	1.5%	2.9%	3.0%	
No off-take agreement was negotiated for the concentrate but Implats has right of first refusal to develop the Waterberg Project and further treat the concentrate produced.  It is anticipated that the payability for the contained metal in concentrate will be 85% for all 4E elements, 73% for Cu, and 68% for Ni.  These net-smelter-return factors are fully inclusive of all smelting and refining costs, apart from delivery to the smelter.
It is anticipated that the metal pipeline between delivery of concentrate and payment will be 12 weeks.  The Project finances are based on prefunding of the concentrate with an 85% value payment received in Month 1 and the 15% balance paid after the 3 months, incurring an interest charge (as defined in Section 21).
The concentrate from Waterberg Project will be very low in chromitite, which will make this material attractive for blending with other concentrates; however, the contained iron (Fe) and sulphur (S) with high base metals may require further optimization of the smelting and base metal refining protocols.  No penalties are expected to be placed upon the concentrate. 
1.16 Environmental Studies, Permitting, and Social or Community Impact
In consultation with the community, the mine footprint was planned to exclude areas significant to the community, including prime grazing areas.
Table 0-10 shows key environmental and social licenses and permit applications are required for the Waterberg Project.
Table 0-10:  Status of Environmental Licenses and Permits Required for the Waterberg Project

License / Permit Application	Authority	Reference Number	Status	
Mining Right (with Social and Labour Plan (SLP)	Department of Mineral Resources and Energy (DMRE)	LP 30/5/1/2/2 /2/10161MR	Granted	
Environmental Authorisation (EA) [includes Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) and Environmental Management Programme (EMPr) and Closure Plan]	DMRE	LP 30/5/1/2/2 /2/10161EM	Granted	
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Waste Management Licence	DMRE	LP 30/5/1/2/2 /2/10161MR	Submitted	
Water Use Licence	DHSWA	CT11919	Approval to file application recorded October 7, 2019	
Heritage Resources Consent for Development	South African Heritage Resource Agency (SAHRA)	LP 30/5/1/2/2 /2/10161MR - 12878	Submitted	
From an environmental and social perspective, the greatest impacts from mining are anticipated in the eastern (plant footprint) and south-east-central areas of the proposed mining right area.  This area is where surface infrastructure is planned as this is the shallowest access for underground mining and is topographically relatively flat.  The findings of the Environmental Assessment Practitioner and specialists' assessments have shown that the Waterberg Project may result in both negative and positive impacts to the environment; however, adequate mitigation measures are included into the EMPr to reduce the significance of the identified negative impacts.
The SLP forms part of the mining right in South Africa.  It is a commitment to sustainable social development and was submitted, as required, with the mining right application.  Local landowners, land users, local authorities and communities were consulted and updated from the prospecting stage and are well aware of the project plans.  Land use agreements are currently being concluded with the Goedetrouw Community, the Ketting Community, and individual property owners on the farms traversed by the proposed water pipeline and powerlines.
Specific training needs were identified and a detailed training programme is being developed with an internationally recognised organisation to provide the structure and services required for the initial and ongoing needs of the Waterberg Project.
1.17 Capital and Operating Costs
Capital costs to 70% of steady-state production are estimated predominantly in ZAR, with all cost estimates expressed in ZAR real July 2019 terms.  Modelled costs are converted to US$ at a long-term real exchange rate of 15.00 (ZAR/US$).  The real escalation of costs (in ZAR terms) is estimated to be offset, over time, by the future devaluation of the ZAR against the US$.  Estimated capital expenditure is R13 105 M for the Waterberg Project plus R3 453 M for capitalized operating costs to achieve the 70% of steady-state production as detailed in Table 0-11.
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Table 0-11:  Waterberg Project Capital Cost

Cost Area	ZAR Total
(ZAR M)	USD Total
(US$ M)	
Underground Mining	R6 097	$406	
Concentrator	R2 580	$172	
Shared Services and Infrastructure	R682	$45	
Regional Infrastructure	R1 229	$82	
Site Support Services	R234	$16	
Project Delivery Management	R654	$44	
Other Capitalised Costs	R331	$22	
Contingency	R1 298	$87	
Total Project Capital (excluding Capitalised OpEx)	R13 105	$874	
Capitalised Operating Costs	R3 453	$230	
Total Project Capital (including Capitalised OpEx)	R16 559	$1 104	
The SIB expenditure covers all expenditure of a capital nature following the achievement of 70% of the steady-state production.  This includes all ongoing underground waste development, construction of the North Complex, and the required infrastructure plus mobile equipment replacement and other items of a capital nature associated with the concentrator and general mine infrastructure.  The total stay-in-business (SIB) contingency is R21.6 billion spread over the more than 40 years of mine life.
The overall life of mine capital expenditure profile for the Project is shown in Figure 0-9.
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Figure 0-9:  Capital Expenditure Profile for Life of Mine

The LOM operating costs following achievement of 70% of steady-state production and excluding SIB expenditure is summarised in
Table 0-12.
Table 0-12:  Waterberg Project Operating Cost

Cost Area	LOM Average
(ZAR/t milled)	LOM Average
(US$/t milled)	
Mining	R345	$23.01	
Milling and Processing	R132	$8.79	
Engineering and Infrastructure	R116	$7.76	
General and Administration	R19	$1.25	
Total On-site Operating Costs	R612	$40.80	
The cash cost per 4E ounce is estimated at US$640 (spot prices) and US$554 (three-year trailing prices), respectively.  The cash cost includes the smelter discount as a cost, as well as byproduct credits from Cu and Ni sales; therefore, the indicated cash costs are dependent on the prevailing metal price assumptions as detailed in Table 0-13.
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Table 0-13:  Waterberg Project Cash and All-In-Cost

Metric	Spot Prices
(US$ / 4E oz)	Three-year
Trailing Prices
(US$ / 4E oz)	
On-site Operating Costs	$487	$456	
Smelting, Refining, and Transport Costs	$302	$227	
Royalties and Production Taxes	$88	$54	
Less Byproduct Base Metal Credits	$(236)	$(184)	
Total Cash Cost	$640	$554	
Sustaining Capital	$94	$88	
Total All-in Sustaining Cost	$734	$642	
Project Capital	$34	$32	
Total All-in Cost	$767	$674	
1.18 Economic Analysis
Key features of the Waterberg Project are listed below.
• The Waterberg Project capital expenditure (CapEx) (exclusive of sustaining capital) is estimated at R16 559 M (US$1 104 M).  The Waterberg Project CapEx includes capitalised operating costs of R3 453 M up to 70% of steady-state production. 
• The LOM average OpEx unit cost (exclusive of capitalised OpEx) is estimated at R612 / t milled.
• The Waterberg Project produces a positive business case in both the spot and three-year trailing average metal price scenarios.  At spot prices, the Waterberg Project yields a post-tax NPV8.0% of R14 736 M (US$982 M), at an IRR of 20.7%, an undiscounted payback period of 8.4 years, and a peak funding requirement of R9 255 M (US$617 M).  At three-year trailing average metal prices, the project yields a post-tax NPV8.0% of R5 616 M (US$333 M), at an IRR of 13.3%, an undiscounted payback period of 11.2 years, and a peak funding requirement of R10 261 M (US$667 M).
• At the two pricing scenarios (spot and three-year trailing average) the project generates LOM average cash costs of US$640 / 4E oz and US$554 / 4E oz, respectively, which places Waterberg firmly within the lowest quartile of regional PGE producers.
1.19 Adjacent Properties
Numerous mineral deposits have been outlined along the Northern Limb of the Bushveld Complex.  The main projects in the area include Mogalakwena Mine, Aurora Project, Akanani Project, Boikgantsho Project, Hacra Project, and Platreef Project.
1.20 Project Implementation
The project schedule assumes a start date of January 2020 with the commencement of the detailed engineering and aims to achieve the following key milestones:
• Start of Project - January 2020
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• Start of Construction of Central / South Mining Complex - June 2020
• Start of Decline Development - January 2021
• Completion of the 132 kV Bulk Electrical Supply - April 2022
• Start of Ore Processing in Concentrator- January 2024
• Achievement of 70% of Steady-state Capacity - September 2025
• Completion of Capital Period - December 2025
The project schedule is summarised graphically in Figure 0-10. 
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Figure 0-10:  High-level Implementation Schedule

Year	2020	2021	2022	2023	2024	2025	
Quarter	Q1	Q2	Q3	Q4	Q1	Q2	Q3	Q4	Q1	Q2	Q3	Q4	Q1	Q2	Q3	Q4	Q1	Q2	Q3	Q4	Q1	Q2	Q3	Q4	
Central / South Mining Complex	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Engineering & Procurement	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Construction	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Underground Mine Development	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Engineering & Procurement	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Box Cut Construction	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Decline Development	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Ore to Surface	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
70% Steady-state Production	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Bulk Electrical Supply	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Engineering & Procurement	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Construction	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Concentrator Plant	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Engineering & Procurement	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Construction	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Production Ramp up	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Backfill Plant & TSF	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Engineering & Procurement	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Construction	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
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1.21 Interpretations and Conclusions
The database used for the Mineral Resource estimate consisted of 441 drill holes and 583 deflections.  The Mineral Resource estimate was completed using geostatistics best practices and the M&I Mineral Resources are at an appropriate level of confidence to be considered in the DFS for mine planning.
The geometry and continuity of the mineral resource and the rock mass quality of the mineralized zones and surrounding rock mass make the Waterberg zones amenable to extraction using the Sublevel Longhole Stoping mining method using paste backfill.  The mine design includes all development and infrastructure required to access the Central, South, and North Complexes and mine the estimated Mineral Reserves.  A full 3D mine model was created for each complex and a LOM development and production schedule was prepared to determine the estimated tonnes, average grade, and metals profile mined and delivered to surface.  Individual stope and development mining shapes were created and include planned dilution and modifying factors to account for geological losses, external overbreak dilution, and mining losses.  The estimated Mineral Reserves are supported by a mine plan and economic analysis and demonstrate positive economics.
The development methods and mining methods are safe and highly mechanized and use common equipment and processes that are proven and used successfully in the global mining industry.  The successful execution of these methods to achieve planned underground mine development and production at the Waterberg Project will require the operation to establish a culture focused on worker health and safety, investment and emphasis on worker skills training geared toward the equipment and technology used, and structured mine planning.
The metallurgical process selected is proven technology and is appropriate for the ore to be treated and will produce a concentrate containing about 80 g/t 4E at a recovery approaching 80%.
The economics show that the Waterberg Project is financially robust with peak funding at R9 255 M and a payback of 8.4 years for spot prices and R10 261 M with a payback of 11.2 years for three-year trailing prices.  The cash cost estimate shows that the Waterberg Project will be in the lower quartile of PGM mining operations in the southern African region.
1.22 Recommendations
The key recommendations related to the Mineral Resource are summarized below.
• It is recommended that dedicated Mineral Resource definition drilling from both surface and underground be completed during the access period to upgrade some of the indicated Mineral Resources to measured Mineral Resources.
• Currently, only the larger geological structures have been modelled.  It is recommended that a detailed structural analysis is conducted and modelled.
The key recommendations related to the mine design and Mineral Reserves are summarised below.
• There is Mineral Resource below the stope cutoff that is not included in the mine plan but is adjacent to planned development and stoping areas.  A lower cutoff grade could potentially bring this material into the mine plan with incremental additional development and add to the Mineral Reserves.  It is recommended to evaluate the potential for reducing the stope cutoff grade.
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• There is Mineral Resource that is above cutoff that could not be included in a longhole stope shape due to local geometry.  This material could be amenable to mining using Cut and Fill or Board and Pillar methods.  It is recommended to determine the stoping cutoff for this material and evaluate the potential to include some of this material in the mine plan and add to the Mineral Reserves.
• It is recommended to monitor the progress and application of battery-powered mobile equipment technology and evaluate the opportunities this technology could present to the Waterberg Project.
• It is recommended that further geotechnical and geomechanical work be completed as part of project execution to validate mine design assumptions and support the detailed design for underground and surface infrastructure.
The following metallurgical test work is recommended during project execution.
• Further flotation testwork to confirm the effect of the available groundwater on flotation performance and to determine what adjustments to the raw water circuit would be required (if any)
• Concentrate thickening and filtration testwork.
• Further tailings thickening and filtration testwork for confirmation of backfill plant design criteria.
It is recommended Waterberg JV Resources continue their current permitting strategy to develop positive community support and streamline final project approval as outlined below.
• Maintain regular consultation activities with all appropriate national, provincial, and local regulatory agencies and officials.
• Maintain engagement with local communities. 
Waterberg JV Resources has a programme of work in place to comply with the necessary environmental, social, and community requirements.  Following is key work that should continue.
• Environmental, Social, and Health Impact Assessment (ESHIA) in accordance with the Mineral and Petroleum Resources Development Act (MPRDA), the National Environmental Management Act (NEMA).
• Public Participation Process in accordance with the NEMA.
• Specialist investigations in support of the ESHIA.
• Integrated Water Use License (WUL) Application in compliance with the National Water Act.
• Integrated Waste Management License (WML) in compliance with the National Environmental Management Waste Act.
If the permits are received for construction and operation the project is recommended to move into the detailed design and planning for project implementation.
It is recommended that the concentrate off-take discussions be initiated with the JV partner (and others) to confirm the net smelter return payabilities for the economic metals in the concentrate to be sold by Waterberg, as this will have a material impact on the overall finances.
105

Based on the positive economics from the technical inputs and the financial analysis, it is recommended that the Waterberg Project be considered by the members of the Waterberg JV for an investment decision.
* * * * * *
Additional Information
During the twelve-month period ended August 31, 2021, the Waterberg Project incurred and capitalized a total of $3.7 million (year ended August 31, 2020 - $3.0 million) of exploration, engineering and development costs for the Waterberg Project, of which $0.2 million was 100% paid for by Implats with the remaining $3.5 million being covered on a pro-rata basis by the Company, Mnombo, JOGMEC and Implats. 
At August 31, 2021, the Company had capitalized $44.0 million in accumulated net costs to the Waterberg Project. Total expenditures on the property since inception, and before cost reimbursements by other Waterberg Project Partners, are approximately $77.5 million. 
The DFS was completed in September 2019 under the direction of the Technical Committee appointed by Waterberg JV Co. comprised of members representing the Company and all other Waterberg Project Partners - Implats, JOGMEC, Hanwa and Mnombo (the "Technical Committee"). 
Prior to completion of the DFS, an earlier mineral resource estimate was completed by an Independent Geological Qualified Person for the Waterberg Project in the October 2018 Waterberg Report. Subsequent to the completion of the October 2018 Waterberg Report, the joint venture, at the direction of its Technical Committee, completed a further 4,127 metres of infill drilling in 4 new drill holes targeting the T Zone. An additional 5 deflections from the mother holes were also drilled. A total of approximately 523 new assay samples were completed along with 101 QA/QC reference samples and quality control blanks. New assay data and geological information from this additional drilling was used to generate an updated mineral resource estimate (effective September 4, 2019), which was then utilized as an input to the DFS as reported in the Waterberg DFS.
The true width of the shallow dipping (30° to 35°) mineralized zones at the Waterberg Project are approximately 82% to 87% of the reported interval from the vertical intercepts drilled. For the efficient application of bulk mining methods and for mine planning, vertical intercepts of 3 metres or more are desirable. Increased grade thickness zones associated with minor footwall troughs or bays along the 13 km long layered complex have recently been identified. 
As a result of its shallow depth, good grade and a fully mechanized mining approach, the Waterberg Project has the opportunity to be a safe mine within the lowest quartile of the Southern Africa PGE industry cost curve. 
Waterberg JV Co. applied for the Waterberg Mining Right in August 2018 and an EA in July of 2019. Detailed consultation with communities, local municipalities, the Limpopo Provincial government and South African national authorities was completed. The EA was granted on August 12, 2020, subject to a public notice period and finalization of issues raised by affected parties, which process was completed with the issue of the final EA on November 10, 2020. The Waterberg Mining Right was granted by the DMRE on January 28, 2021 and its notarial execution was completed on April 13, 2021.
106

Detailed infrastructure planning has commenced for the Waterberg Project. Detailed hydrological work and test drilling for water has also been completed to study the planned utilization of known sources for significant volumes of ground water. A co-operation agreement between Waterberg JV Co. and the local Capricorn District Municipality for the cooperative development of water resources has resulted in the identification of water supplies and the preliminary design of distribution infrastructure. Hydrological work has identified several large-scale aquifers and test drilling had indicated these are able to provide mine process and potable water for the Waterberg Project and local communities.  Test drilling of these water basins was completed in 2019 and 2020 and additional drilling is planned as a pre-implementation objective. An earlier work and drilling program conducted by the Capricorn District Municipality identified both potable and high mineral unpotable water resources in the district. Several boreholes proximal to the Waterberg Project identified large volumes of high mineral unpotable water not suitable for human consumption. Hydrological and mill process specialists investigated the use of this water as mine process water. In general, ground water resources identified proximal to the Waterberg Project have potential for usage for both mining and local communities. 
The establishment of servitudes for power line routes and detailed planning and permitting for an ESKOM electrical service to the project is well advanced. Power line environmental and servitude work is being completed by TDxPower in coordination with ESKOM. TDxPower has progressed electrical power connection planning for approximately a 74 km, 137MVA, 132kV overhead line to the project. 
DFS engineering work on the Waterberg Project included resource modelling, metallurgical work, optimization of the metallurgical flow sheet using South African and Japanese expertise, bulk services design and mechanized mine planning. Optimization of the mine plan in 2019 included the use of paste backfill in order to allow for a higher mining extraction ratio as mining can be completed next to backfilled stopes without leaving internal pillars. DRA Projects SA (Proprietary) Limited and Turnberry Projects (Pty) Ltd. were appointed for DFS work on metallurgy, plant design, infrastructure and cost estimation. Stantec Consulting Ltd. was appointed for DFS work on underground mining engineering and design and reserve estimation. Charles Muller of CJM Consulting (Pty) Ltd. was appointed as Independent Geological and Geostatistical Qualified Person.
Subsequent to the completion of the DFS, the 2020 Work Program funded by Implats until September 15, 2020 completed the following optimization and risk mitigation studies:
·	Dry stacking of tailings to reduce water use and reduce tailings impoundment footprint.
·	Confirmation of portal positions and detailed designs.
·	Review of initial mining method, stope and sub level designs.
·	Detailed benchmarking to comparable operations around the world and specifically in Africa.
·	Detailed simulation of underground mining and surface systems.
·	Possible use of battery electric underground vehicles and resulting reduced ventilation and cooling requirements, reduced electrical power requirements, and opex/capex implications.
·	Possible use of Mobile Tunnel Boring.
·	Review of water demand and supply and test drilling to confirm water resources.
Total cost of the 2020 Work Program funded by Implats amounted to approximately Rand 24.7 million.
107

Geo-technical drilling of boxcuts/portals and along planned decline pathways, budgeted at approximately R 15 million, was not completed as a part of the 2020 Work Program as such work first required the grant of a mining right. Subsequent to the grant of the Waterberg Mining Right in early 2021, the above described program of geotechnical drilling was completed on the Waterberg Project during the months of July to October of 2021. The geotechnical drilling campaign consisted of 46 boreholes drilled along the planned centerline of two sets of twin declines and box-cut positions at an estimated cost of R 15.80 million.  Approximately 11 holes were drilled vertically, and the remaining holes were inclined out of the plane to intersect all possible discontinuities.  A total of 5,966 metres of drill core were recovered and a total of 2,696 metres of core were geotechnically logged from within the zone of interest.  All boreholes except those in the planned box-cut areas were backfilled with cement upon completion. Downhole geophysical surveys were conducted consisting of optical and/or acoustic televiewer and gamma probes as well as caliper probes. Three packer tests were conducted in boreholes where groundwater strikes were encountered. Core samples of all the major geotechnical units encountered were collected and subjected to laboratory testing.  The results of the drilling campaign confirm that the box-cut positions are in sandstone, and the central and southern declines transition from sandstone into a dolerite sill and back into sandstone before cutting into the igneous rocks of the Bushveld Complex.  In general, results are as expected, and the rock mass is competent.  Also as expected, some support will be required for both tunnel sets.  No problem areas, where special mining methods or non-standard support would be required, have been identified. Groundwater inflow is also not considered a risk. The standard practice of probe drilling ahead of decline tunnel development will be important to monitor rock quality and identify correct support standards ahead of development.  Geotechnical qualified persons monitoring the drill programme have stated that in general, the rock mass encountered along both decline routes can support the planned excavations with no major problem areas expected.  Additional work is also now underway related to environmental baseline studies and the surveying of infrastructure locations, roadways, power and water servitudes, etc. Final documentation for the application for a water use license is ready for filing with the Department of Water and Sanitation, subject to the Kgatlu community's landowners consent.
 
The Company is also assessing the possibility of constructing a dedicated furnace for the processing of Waterberg Project concentrate to produce an upgraded product for sale in the market without the need for treatment by a third party offtaker.  An internal pre-feasibility study for such a Waterberg matte furnace was completed for the Company by industry experts in late 2021.  The pre-feasibility study assesses the construction and operation of a 20 MW smelting furnace with two off air-blown converters capable of producing a matte suitable as feed to a standard base metal refinery in South Africa or elsewhere.  The Company is in process to complete further studies examining the optimal location for such a furnace as well as downstream marketing considerations, permitting and power and water requirements.  The Company is also researching the economic feasibility of acquiring an existing furnace in South Africa that may be refurbished and modified to process Waterberg Project concentrate.
 
Engineering refinement of steady state power requirements has resulted in a reduced demand of approximately 90MvA at steady state.  Bulk power design and costing work for steady state requirements has commenced.  ESKOM is engaged with project engineers to determine electrical power sources and availability.  A temporary power line for the construction period from the nearby grid at Bochum is being designed and costed.  Community engagement regarding power line routes and completion of an EIA for the power line routes is in process.

Non-Material Mineral Property Interests
The non-material mineral property interests of the Company include prospecting rights located in South Africa. These non-material property interests are not, individually or collectively, material to the Company.
ITEM 4A. UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS
None.
ITEM 5. OPERATING AND FINANCIAL REVIEW AND PROSPECTS
The following discussion of the Company's financial condition, changes in financial conditions and results of operations for each of the three years ended August 31, 2021 should be read in conjunction with our consolidated financial statements and related notes included therein included in this Annual Report at Item 18. The Company's consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with IFRS as issued by the IASB.
The following discussion contains Forward-Looking Statements that involve inherent risks and uncertainties. Actual results may differ materially from those contained in such Forward-Looking Statements. See cautionary statements in "Forward-Looking Statements" at the beginning of this document.
Unless otherwise stated, all financial variations in this item are given on a reported basis.
A. Operating Results
Financial Overview
Year Ended August 31, 2021, Compared to Year Ended August 31, 2020
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For the year ended August 31, 2021, the Company incurred a net loss of $13.1 million (August 31, 2020 - net loss of $7.1 million).  The loss in the previous comparable year was lower due to a $3.1 million realized gain on the expiry of warrants in the previous comparable year.  In the current year, share based compensation was $3.2 million (August 31, 2020 $1.6 million) with the increase due to an increased fair value of the options granted during the current year resulting from a higher share price at the grant date.  General and administrative expenses were $5.1 million (August 31, 2020 - $3.7 million) with the increase due mostly to a $0.83 million severance payment to the Company's former CEO pursuant to a formal separation agreement.  Interest expense of $5.1 million (August 31, 2020 - $5.5 million) was lower due to the reduction in debt during the current year.  The currency translation adjustment recognized in the period is a gain of $4.9 million (August 31, 2020 - $4.5 million loss) due to the Rand increasing in value relative to the U.S. Dollar during the current year.
Year Ended August 31, 2020, Compared to Year Ended August 31, 2019
For the year ended August 31, 2020, the Company had a net loss of $7.1 million (year ended August 31, 2019 - net loss of $16.8 million).  The loss in the current period is lower predominantly due to three items, i) a reduction in general and administrative costs from $4.7 million in 2019 to $3.7 million in 2020 due to reduced overall activity in the Company, ii) a reduction in interest expense from $8.4 million in 2019 to $5.5 million in the current year due to decreased debt outstanding, iii) the recognition of a gain of $3.2 million in the current year predominantly due to the gain recognized on expired warrants while in 2019 a loss of $2.7 million was recognized due to an increase in the value of the embedded derivatives in the Notes.  Other items include a foreign exchange gain of $0.7 million recognized in the current year (year ended August 31, 2019 - $1.0 million loss) due to an increase in the value of the Canadian Dollar relative to the US Dollar in the previous comparable period.  The currency translation adjustment recognized in the year is a $4.5 million loss (year ended August 31, 2019 - $0.1 million gain) due largely to the Rand decreasing in value relative to the U.S. Dollar. 
Year Ended August 31, 2019, Compared to Year Ended August 31, 2018
For the year ended August 31, 2019, the Company had a net loss of $16.8 million (year ended August 31, 2018 - net loss of $41.0 million).  This lower loss in the current period is predominantly due to the Maseve Mine closure in the fourth quarter of fiscal 2017, resulting in care and maintenance costs of $14.4 million being recognized during fiscal 2018.  Other items include interest expense of $8.3 million in fiscal 2019 (August 31, 2018 - $18.4 million) with the decrease due to less debt outstanding in 2019.  A foreign exchange loss of $1.0 million was recognized in fiscal 2019 (year ended August 31, 2018 - $4.1 million loss), due to a larger decrease in the value of the Canadian Dollar relative to the U.S. Dollar in the previous comparable period.  During the year ended August 31, 2019, a loss of $2.7 million was recognized on the valuation of embedded derivatives whereas a gain of $3.7 million was recognized in fiscal 2018, due largely to the increase in market value of the Company's shares, which impacted the valuation of conversion options and warrants.  The currency translation adjustment recognized in fiscal 2019 was a gain of $0.1 million (year ended August 31, 2018 - $6.4 million gain) due largely to the Rand decreasing in value relative to the U.S. Dollar.  The Company consolidated its Common Shares on the basis of one new share for ten old shares (1:10), effective December 13, 2018.  See "Introduction - Share Consolidation" for further information.
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Annual Financial Information
(In thousands of dollars, except for per share data)

 	Year ended
Aug 31, 2021	Year ended
Aug 31, 2020	Year ended
Aug 31, 2019	
Interest income	$97(1)	$158(1)	$364(1)	
Net loss	$13,063	$7,128	$16,776	
Basic loss per share	$0.18(2)	$0.11(2)	$0.52(2)	
Diluted loss per share	$0.18(2)	$0.11(2)	$0.52(2)	
Total assets	$51,199	$37,415	$43,633	
Long term debt	Nil	$19,337	$21,560	
Short term debt	$9,088	Nil	Nil	
Convertible Debt	$18,716	$17,212	$18,785	
Dividends	Nil	Nil	Nil	
Notes:
(1) The Company's only significant source of income during the years ending August 31, 2019 to 2021 was [interest income from cash on deposit in interest bearing accounts held by the Company]. 
(2) Basic loss per share is calculated using the weighted average number of Common Shares outstanding. The Company uses the treasury stock method for the calculation of diluted earnings per share. Diluted per share amounts reflect the potential dilution that could occur if securities or other contracts to issue Common Shares were exercised or converted to Common Shares. In periods when a loss is incurred, the effect of potential issuances of shares under issued and outstanding options and share purchase warrants would be anti-dilutive, and accordingly basic and diluted loss per share are the same. On December 13, 2018, the Company consolidated its Common Shares on the basis of one new share for ten old shares (1:10).  All information regarding the issued and outstanding Common Shares, options and weighted average number and per share information has been retrospectively restated to reflect the 2018 Share Consolidation.
Foreign currency fluctuations have not materially impacted the Company's results of operations in recent years.  Inflation in South Africa has been experienced in labour costs over recent years, with average inflation being at approximately 4.5% in 2018, 4.12% in 2019 and 3.22% in 2020. Due to the economic effects of the COVID-19 pandemic, average wages in South Africa declined marginally in 2020. The Company can provide no assurance that foreign currency fluctuations and inflation will not materially impact the Company in the future. See "Risk Factors". The Company has not entered into any agreements or purchased any instruments to hedge possible currency risks at this time. Under IFRS, the Company defers all acquisition, exploration and development costs related to mineral properties. The recoverability of these amounts is dependent upon the existence of economically recoverable mineral reserves, the ability of the Company to obtain the necessary financing to complete the development of the property, and any future profitable production, or alternatively upon the Company's ability to dispose of its interests on an advantageous basis. The Company evaluates the carrying value of its property interests on a regular basis. Management is required to make significant judgements to identify potential impairment indicators. Any properties management deems to be impaired are written down to their estimated net recoverable amount. 
South African Properties
The Company conducts its South African exploration and development work through its wholly owned direct subsidiary PTM RSA. The Company's material mineral property is the Waterberg Project.  After a planned corporatization of the Waterberg joint venture completed on September 21, 2017, the Waterberg Project is held by Waterberg JV Co. After giving effect to the Initial Purchase, the Company holds a 50.02% beneficial interest in Waterberg JV Co., of which 37.05% is held directly by PTM RSA and 12.974% is held indirectly through PTM RSA's 49.9% interest in Mnombo, which holds 26.0% of Waterberg JV Co. The remaining interests in Waterberg JV Co. are held by a nominee of JOGMEC (12.195%), Hanwa (9.755%) and by Implats (15.0%). PTM RSA is the manager of Waterberg JV Co.
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South African Legislation and Mining Charter
The MPRDA, the Mining Charter 2018 and related regulations in South Africa require that Waterberg JV Co.'s BEE shareholders own a 26% equity interest in Waterberg JV Co. to qualify for the grant of the mining right. Within 5 years of the effective date of the mining right, this BEE shareholding must be increased to 30%. The DMRE obtained an exemption from applying the Generic BEE Codes under the BEE Act until October 31, 2016 and applied for a further extension until December 31, 2016. While this exemption was extended to December 31, 2016, no further exemption was obtained thereafter, and, as a matter of law, the Generic BEE Codes now apply to the issuance and maintenance of licenses and other authorizations. As a matter of practice, the DMRE has continued to apply the provisions of Mining Charter 2018 rather than the Generic BEE Codes. See Item 4.B. - South African Regulatory Framework - Black Economic Empowerment in the South African Mining Industry, and -Mining Charter.
Material Mineral Property Interests - Waterberg Project
Waterberg Project - Activities subsequent to the year ended August 31, 2021
As of the date of this Annual Report, the Company, as operator of the Waterberg Project, continues to conduct pre-production site and engineering work, as well as work towards the completion and grant of all permits required for project commencement.
Subsequent to August 31, 2021, the geotechnical drilling program described below was completed.  Work now underway includes environmental baseline studies, locating of suitable aggregate material for road building and concrete purposes, and the surveying of infrastructure locations, roadways, power and water servitudes, etc.  Waterberg JV Co. received approval to apply for an integrated water use license from the DWS on October 7, 2019.  The application process requires the completion of several technical filings, which are expected to be submitted in November 2022.  After submission of all filings the approval process is normally about ten months in duration.
Waterberg Project - Activities in the year ended August 31, 2021
Planned geo-technical drilling of boxcuts/portals and along planned decline pathways budgeted at approximately R 15.0 million and proposed geological infill drilling budgeted at approximately R 12.0 million, was not completed as a part of the 2020 Work Program, as such work first required the grant of a mining right.  Subsequent to the January 28, 2021, grant of the Waterberg Mining Right, the planned geo-technical drilling was completed during the months of July to October of 2021 at a cost of approximately R 15.8 million. The geotechnical drilling campaign consisted of 46 boreholes drilled along the planned centerline of two sets of twin declines and box-cut positions.
Waterberg Project - Activities in the year ended August 31, 2020
Subsequent to the completion of the DFS, the 2020 Work Program was commenced in March 2020.  Optimization and risk mitigation studies, included the following:
·	Dry stacking of tailings to reduce water use and reduce tailings impoundment footprint;
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·	Confirmation of portal positions and detailed designs;
·	Review of initial mining method, stope and sub level designs;
·	Detailed benchmarking to comparable operations around the world and specifically in Africa;
·	Detailed simulation of underground mining and surface systems;
·	Possible use of battery electric underground vehicles and resulting reduced ventilation and cooling requirements, reduced electrical power requirements, and opex/capex implications;
·	Possible use of Mobile Tunnel Boring; and
·	Review of water demand and supply and test drilling to confirm water resources.
On October 4, 2019, the Company announced positive results in the Waterberg DFS, including an updated mineral resource assessment on the Waterberg Project from additional drilling, effective September 4, 2019.  The Waterberg DFS was filed with the applicable regulatory authorities on October 7, 2019.  The DFS was formally approved by the shareholders of Waterberg JV Co. on December 5, 2019.  The Waterberg DFS estimated 6.44 million 4E ounces in the higher confidence measured category (versus 6.26 million 4E ounces in the October 2018 Waterberg Report). Mineral resources estimated in the combined measured and indicated categories, at a 2.5 g/t 4E cut-off grade, increased slightly to 26.35 million 4E ounces in 242.4 million tonnes at 3.38 g/t 4E (versus 26.34 million 4E ounces in 242.5 million tonnes at 3.38 g/t in the October 2018 Waterberg report). Inferred mineral resources at a 2.5 g/t 4E cut-off grade totaled 7.0 million 4E ounces (the same as in the October 2018 Waterberg Report). The updated measured and indicated 2019 mineral resource totaling 26.35 million 4E ounces is comprised of 63.0% palladium, 29.1% platinum, 6.4% gold and 1.5% rhodium. The T zone measured and indicated resources increased in grade from 4.51 g/t 4E in the September 2018 Waterberg Report to 4.53 g/t 4E in the Waterberg DFS. For more details about the Waterberg DFS see Item 4.D. - Property, Plant and Equipment - Technical Report - Waterberg.
The measured and indicated mineral resources in the Waterberg DFS were used for detailed mine planning in the DFS. The DFS was managed by Platinum Group and the Technical Committee including members from all joint venture partners.
The 2020 Work Program was completed in mid-September 2020.  Internal reports and studies were delivered by the consulting engineers in October 2020.  Geo-technical drilling of boxcuts/portals and along planned decline pathways, budgeted at approximately R 27 million, was not completed before Implats' funding obligation expired on September 15, 2020 as such work first required surface rights access pursuant to the grant of a mining right.  Test drilling and assessment of identified local water sources was conducted in 2020 and completed in early September.  Total cost of the 2020 Work Program funded by Implats to September 15, 2020 amounted to approximately Rand 24.7 million.
Waterberg Project - Activities in the year ended August 31, 2019
During the year ended August 31, 2019, approximately $8.4 million was spent at the Waterberg Project for DFS engineering and exploration activities.  At year end, $36.8 million in accumulated net costs had been capitalized to the Waterberg Project. Total expenditures on the property since inception, before the deduction of partner contributions, are approximately $70.4 million. From inception to date, the Company has funded both the Company's and Mnombo's share of expenditures on the Waterberg Project. At August 31, 2019, Mnombo owed the Company approximately $4.5 million for funding provided.
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At August 31, 2019, the Company carried total net deferred acquisition and exploration and other costs related to the Waterberg Projects of $36.8 million (August 31, 2018 - $29.4 million).
On October 25, 2018, the Company reported an updated independent 4E resource estimate for the Waterberg Project. 
On October 10, 2018, the Company announced that a recently filed mining right application for the Waterberg Project had been accepted by the DMR for consideration. The mining right application consisted of a mining work program, social and labour plan and associated environmental applications. The process of consultation under the MPRDA and applicable environmental assessment regulations for the mining right application has been completed. Public consultation occurred in a positive climate of mutual respect and comments received from stakeholders are being addressed.
Detailed DFS engineering work which commenced during fiscal 2017 was continued and advanced during fiscal 2018 and fiscal 2019.
Waterberg Projects - History of Acquisition
The Waterberg Joint Venture Project was originally comprised of a contiguous granted prospecting right area of approximately 255 km2 located on the Northern Limb of the Bushveld Complex, approximately 70 km north of the town of Mokopane. The Waterberg Extension Project, adjacent to the north, included contiguous granted and applied-for prospecting rights with a combined area of approximately 864 km2.
On September 28, 2009, PTM RSA, JOGMEC and Mnombo entered into a joint venture agreement, as later amended on May 20, 2013 (the "JOGMEC Agreement"), whereby JOGMEC could earn up to a 37% participating interest in the Waterberg Joint Venture Project for an optional work commitment of $3.2 million over four years, while at the same time Mnombo could earn a 26% participating interest in exchange for matching JOGMEC's expenditures on a 26/74 basis ($1.12 million).
On November 7, 2011, the Company entered into an agreement with Mnombo whereby the Company acquired 49.9% of the issued and outstanding shares of Mnombo in exchange for cash payments totaling Rand 1.2 million and an agreement that the Company would pay for Mnombo's 26% share of costs on the Waterberg Joint Venture Project until the completion of a DFS.
On May 26, 2015, the Company announced a second amendment to the JOGMEC Agreement (the "2nd Amendment") whereby the Waterberg Joint Venture Project and the Waterberg Extension Project were to be consolidated and contributed into an operating company, Waterberg JV Co. At August 31, 2017, the Company held 45.65% of the Waterberg Project while JOGMEC held 28.35% and Mnombo held 26%. Under the 2nd Amendment, JOGMEC committed to fund $20 million in expenditures over a three-year period ending March 31, 2018, all of which had been funded by JOGMEC as of August 31, 2017. The Company remained the Waterberg Project operator under the 2nd Amendment. 
On November 6, 2017, the Company (along with JOGMEC and Mnombo) closed the Initial Purchase with Implats and Implats acquired the Purchase and Development Option. Further details on this transaction can be found above.
On March 8, 2018, JOGMEC announced that it had signed a memorandum of understanding for the transfer of 9.755% of its 21.95% interest in Waterberg JV Co. to Hanwa, which was the result of Hanwa winning JOGMEC's public tender held on February 23, 2018. JOGMEC and Hanwa have implemented the transfer of interest to Hanwa, including Hanwa securing the right to a supply of certain metals produced at the Waterberg Project. JOGMEC has commenced a process to dispose of its remaining shareholding in Waterberg JV Co.
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In July 2021, JOGMEC advised the Waterberg JV Co. partners that they would begin a process seeking tenders, first from Japanese companies, for the purchase of JOGMEC's 12.195% interest in the Waterberg Project. The division of JOGMEC that holds the shares in Waterberg JV Co. is limited by its mandate to only investing in exploration companies. With Waterberg JV Co. advancing to the development stage, JOGMEC must seek potential purchasers for its shares in Waterberg JV Co.  As of the date of this Form 20-F, JOGMEC has not advised the Waterberg JV Co. partners of any pending transaction. Should JOGMEC propose a sale of any or all of its interests in Waterberg JV Co. to a non-Japanese company, PTM and Mnombo would have pro rata rights of first refusal to acquire a portion of the shares proposed for sale at the proposed sale price.
As of the date of filing of this Annual Report, Waterberg JV Co. owns 100% of the Waterberg Mining Right and prospecting rights comprising the entire Waterberg Project area. Waterberg JV Co. is owned 37.05% by PTM RSA, 12.195% by JOGMEC, 9.755% by Hanwa, 26% by Mnombo and 15% by Implats, giving the Company total direct and indirect ownership of 50.02% of the Waterberg Project.
Non-Material Mineral Property Interests
The non-material mineral property interests of the Company include minor property interests in Canada and in South Africa. These property interests are not, individually or collectively, material to the Company. All non-material properties have been written off.
Maseve - Sale in Fiscal 2018 to RBPlat
On September 6, 2017, the Company entered into a term sheet to sell all rights and interests in Maseve to RBPlat in an overall transaction valued at approximately $74.0 million, payable as $62.0 million in cash and $12.0 million in RBPlat ordinary shares, as valued on September 6, 2017 (the "Maseve Sale Transaction").
Definitive legal agreements for the Maseve Sale Transaction were executed on November 23, 2017. The Maseve Sale Transaction was a singular transaction planned to close in two stages. Conditions precedent to the first stage sale of the concentrator plant and certain surface assets of the Maseve Mine (the "Plant Sale Transaction") were fulfilled on February 14, 2018 and a deposit in escrow paid by RBPlat of Rand 41.37 million (approximately $3.5 million at that time) was released to the Company on March 14, 2018. An amount of Rand 1.29 million ($107,755) from the release of the escrow deposit was paid to reduce the 2015 Sprott Facility (defined below) and the balance was used to settle certain outstanding contractor claims in South Africa.
On April 5, 2018, RBPlat tendered the Rand equivalent of $54.5 million as final payment for the Plant Sale Transaction. Proceeds from the Plant Sale Transaction were utilized to fully repay $46.98 million in secured debt due to Sprott pursuant to a $40 million principal loan facility drawn by the Company in November 2015 (the "2015 Sprott Facility"). The repayment to Sprott consisted of the outstanding principal amount of $40.0 million, a bridge loan of $5.0 million and all accrued interest and fees of approximately $1.98 million. Remaining proceeds from the Plant Sale Transaction were utilized to partially repay the Company's former $40 million principal secured loan facility (the "LMM Facility") with LMM. Later, on April 10, 2018 the Company received a foreign exchange rate variance amount of Rand 3.26 million from RBPlat, which was exchanged for $270,000 and also remitted to partially repay the LMM Facility.
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On April 26, 2018, stage two of the Maseve Sale Transaction closed when RBPlat released 4.87 million RBPlat common shares from escrow to PTM RSA and Africa Wide, worth approximately $9.0 million at that time, for the purchase of 100% of the issued and outstanding common shares of Maseve. A final required cash payment was made to PTM RSA on May 29, 2018, funded by the release of Maseve's Rand 58 million environmental bond, valued at $4.6 million when released. The Company's 4.52 million RBPlat shares were sold on December 14, 2018 and net proceeds of $8.0 million were paid to LMM against the LMM Facility on January 11, 2019.
B. Liquidity and Capital Resources
The Company's working capital is currently a direct result of the excess of funds raised from the sale of equity shares over expenditures for operating costs, engineering costs, exploration costs as well as administrative expenses.  The working capital balance at the end of the following periods were: August 31, 2021: $-23.6 million; August 31, 2020: $-2.4 million; and August 31, 2019: $-0.5 million.  Included in the calculation of the working capital balance at August 31, 2021 is the 2019 Sprott Facility and the Notes, both of which mature in the fourth fiscal quarter of 2022.
Cash and cash equivalents at August 31, 2021 totaled $6.3 million; compared to August 31, 2020, $1.3 million and August 31, 2019, $5.6 million. The cash and cash equivalents are attributable primarily to the issue of debt or share capital. Aside from cash and cash equivalents, the Company had no material unused sources of liquid assets at August 31, 2020, 2019 or 2018.
As described elsewhere in this Annual Report, various legal, contractual or economic restrictions may affect the ability of the Company's subsidiaries to transfer funds to the Company as needed to satisfy the Company's obligations.
For information on the Company's borrowings and related maturity dates as of August 31, 2021, see "Item 18 - Financial Statements", Note 6 and Note 7.
Except in the case of JOGMEC's $20 million funding commitment, which was fully paid and applied to project costs by March of 2018, funding of Waterberg Project costs is generally required to be provided by Waterberg JV Co. shareholders on a pro rata basis. See "Item 4.B. - Principal Product - Implats Transaction".  For anticipated Waterberg Project capital expenditures, see "Item 4.D. - Material Mineral Property Interests - Waterberg Project Summary (Excerpted from the Waterberg DFS)". 
Subsequent to the completion and approval of the DFS, the 2020 Work Program for the Waterberg Project was funded by Implats from February 1, 2020 until September 15, 2020 and completed optimization and risk mitigation studies at a cost of Rand 24.7 million.  "See Item 4. D. - Property, Plants and Equipment - Additional Information".
A base case budget, commencing September 16, 2021, for pre-production work on the Waterberg Project in fiscal 2021 was approved by the board of directors of Waterberg JV Co. in August 2020 at Rand 45.1 million, to be increased by an additional budget of R 31.7 million subject to the grant of a Mining Right, all to be funded by Waterberg JV Co. shareholders on a pro rata basis. By August 31, 2021, an amount of approximately R 43.4 million was spent against the total budget of R 75.8 million.
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In July 2021, the Board of Waterberg JV Co. approved an extension of the fiscal 2021 budget to December 31, 2021 at Rand 43.9 million to enable certain pre-production work to be completed which could not commence in time for completion in fiscal 2021. The Company plans to fund its share of pre-production Waterberg costs from the proceeds of recent equity financings as described below at "Item 5. - B. Liquidity and Capital Resources - Equity Financings".
The Company, on behalf of Waterberg JV Co., is currently in discussion with several potential project financiers for possible debt, stream or concentrate pre-pay construction financing.  Discussions are also underway with potential concentrate offtakers.  Equity contributions on a pro rata basis by Waterberg JV Co. shareholders are expected to be components of future project construction financing. 
Going Concern
The Company currently has limited financial resources and has no sources of operating income at present. The Company had a working capital deficit of $23.6 million at August 31, 2021, including $19.99 million of indebtedness for the Notes, which mature on July 1, 2022, and for $9.4 million pursuant to the 2019 Sprott Facility, which matures on August 14, 2022.  As of the date of this Form 20-F a principal amount of $3.6 million remains outstanding pursuant to the 2019 Sprott Facility.  The Company also has optional commitments for its ongoing share of approved budgets to fund the Waterberg Project (as described above at Item 5. B. "Liquidity and Capital Resources") and to fund ongoing research and development by FIU on behalf of Lion Battery (as described below at Item 5 C. "Research and Development, Patents and Licences, etc.").  A failure by the Company to fund its share of such ongoing commitments may result in the dilution of its interests in either the Waterberg Project or Lion Battery.  For further details of the Company's commitments at August 31, 2021 see note 11 to the Company's audited consolidated financial statements listed in Item 18 hereof and filed as part of this Annual Report.  The Company's ability to continue operations in the normal course of business will depend upon its ability to secure additional funding by methods that could include debt refinancing, equity financing, sale of assets and strategic partnerships.  Management believes the Company will be able to secure further funding as required. Nonetheless, there exist material uncertainties resulting in substantial doubt as to the ability of the Company to continue to meet its obligations as they come due and hence, the ultimate appropriateness of the use of accounting principles applicable to a going concern.
Equity Financings
On January 31, 2017, the Company announced the closing of an offering for 1,969,375 Common Shares at a price of $14.60 per share resulting in gross proceeds of $29 million. Net proceeds to the Company after fees, commissions and costs were approximately $26 million.
On April 26, 2017, the Company announced the closing of an offering for 1,539,000 Common Shares at a price of $13.00 per share, for aggregate gross proceeds of $20 million. Net proceeds to the Company after fees, commissions and costs were approximately $18.4 million.
On May 15, 2018, the Company announced the closing of a private placement with HCI for 1,509,100 units at a price of $1.50 per unit for aggregate gross proceeds of $2.26 million. Each unit consisted of one Common Share and one Common Share purchase warrant, with each Common Share purchase warrant allowing HCI to purchase one further Common Share at a price of $1.70 per share for a period of 18 months until November 15, 2019.
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On May 15, 2018, the Company also announced the closing of a public offering of 11,745,386 units at a price of $1.50 per unit for aggregate gross proceeds of approximately $17.62 million. Each unit consisted of one Common Share and one Common Share purchase warrant entitling the holder to purchase one Common Share at a price of $1.70 for a term of 18 months until November 15, 2019.
On February 4, 2019, the Company announced the closing of a previously announced non-brokered private placement of Common Shares at price of $1.33 each. An aggregate of 3,124,059 Common Shares were issued for gross proceeds to the Company of $4.155 million.
On June 28, 2019, the Company announced the closing of a previously announced non-brokered private placement with HCI of 1,111,111 Common Shares at a price of $1.17 per share for gross proceeds of $1.3 million.
On August 21, 2019, the Company announced the closing of a previously announced bought deal financing with BMO in the United States under which the Company sold 8,326,957 Common Shares at a price of $1.25 per Common Share for gross proceeds of approximately $10.4 million. The Company also closed a private placement with LMM for 7,575,758 Common Shares at a price of $1.32 per Common Share for gross proceeds of $10.0 million and a private placement with Deepkloof for 6,940,000 Common Shares at a price of $1.32 per Common Share for gross proceeds of approximately $9.2 million. The Company used a portion of the $29.6 million in gross proceeds from share sales described above together with a $20.0 million advance under its new 2019 Sprott Facility to fully repay $43.0 million in outstanding principal and accrued interest due under the LMM Facility.
On December 19, 2019, the Company announced the closing of a non-brokered private placement of Common Shares at a price of $1.24 per Common Share.  An aggregate of 3,225,807 Common Shares were issued for gross proceeds to the Company of $4.0 million. 
On June 17, 2020, the Company reported closing of a non-brokered private placement of Common Shares at a price of $1.40 per Common Share.  An aggregate of 1,221,500 Common Shares were issued for gross proceeds to the Company of $1.71 million.
On September 4, 2020, the Company entered into the Sales Agreement with BMO whereby the Company could sell its Common Shares from time to time for up to $12.0 million in aggregate sales proceeds through the Company's 2020 ATM.  At the conclusion of the trading day on November 30, 2020, the Company had sold 5,440,186 common shares at an average price of $2.2055 for gross proceeds of $12.0 million, thereby completing the 2020 ATM.  Net proceeds after commissions and fees amounted to $11.7 million.
On October 15, 2020, the Company announced the closing of a non-brokered private placement with HCI of 1,146,790 Common Shares at a price of $2.18 per Common Share for gross proceeds of $2.5 million.
On December 8, 2020, the Company announced the closing of a non-brokered private placement with HCI of 1,121,076 Common Shares at a price of $2.23 per Common Share for gross proceeds of $2.5 million.
On February 5, 2021, the Company entered into an Equity Distribution Agreement with BMO to sell its Common Shares from time to time for up to $50.0 million in aggregate sales proceeds through the Company's 2021 ATM.  As of November 24, 2021, the Company has issued a total of 6,936,238 Common Shares at an average price of $3.26 pursuant to the 2021 ATM for net proceeds of $22.06 million after fees and expenses of $0.57 million.
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Convertible Senior Subordinated Notes
On June 30, 2017, the Company issued and sold the Notes to certain institutional investors. The Notes bear interest at a rate of 6 7/8% per annum, payable semi-annually on January 1 and July 1 of each year, beginning on January 1, 2018, in cash or at the election of the Company, in Common Shares or a combination of cash and Common Shares, and will mature on July 1, 2022, unless earlier repurchased, redeemed or converted.
Subject to certain exceptions, the Notes are convertible at any time at the option of the holder, and may be settled, at the Company's election, in cash, Common Shares, or a combination of cash and Common Shares. The initial conversion rate of the Notes was 1,001.1112 Common Shares per $1,000 principal amount of Notes, which is equivalent to an initial conversion price of approximately $0.9989 per Common Share, representing a conversion premium of approximately 15% above the NYSE American closing sale price for the Common Shares of $0.8686 per share on June 27, 2017. The conversion rate is subject to adjustment upon the occurrence of certain events. After giving effect to the 2018 Share Consolidation, the conversion rate is 100.1111 per $1,000 which is equivalent to a conversion price of approximately $9.989 per Common Share. If the Company pays interest in Common Shares, such shares will be issued at a price equal to 92.5% of the simple average of the daily volume-weighted average price of the Common Shares for the 10 consecutive trading days ending on the second trading day immediately preceding the payment date, on the NYSE American exchange or, if the Common Shares are not then listed on the NYSE American exchange, on the principal U.S. national or other securities exchange or market on which the Common Shares are then listed or admitted for trading. Due to a limitation on conversion contained in the indenture governing the Notes, dated June 30, 2017 between the Company and The Bank of New York Mellon (the "Indenture"), no more than 361,312 Common Shares may be issued in settlement of interest payments pursuant to the convertible notes due after July 2, 2021.
On July 26, 2017, one holder converted $10,000 of Notes into 1,319 Common Shares, leaving a principal balance of $19.99 million in Notes outstanding. On January 2, 2018, the Company issued 244,063 Common Shares in settlement of $0.69 million of bi-annual interest payable on Notes.  On July 3, 2018, the Company issued 757,924 Common Shares in settlement of $0.72 million of bi-annual interest payable on Notes. On January 2, 2019, the Company issued 545,721 Common Shares in settlement of $0.69 million of bi-annual interest payable on Notes. On July 1, 2019, the Company paid $0.69 of bi-annual interest payable on Notes in cash. On January 1, 2020, the Company issued 517,468 Common Shares in settlement of $0.69 million of bi-annual interest payable on Notes. On July 1, 2020, the Company issued 526,471 Common Shares in settlement of $0.69 million of bi-annual interest payable on Notes. The Company paid $0.69 million in cash for bi-annual interest payable on the Notes on both December 29, 2020 and June 28, 2021.  Approximately 40% of all Notes interest described above was paid to Major Shareholder, Franklin Advisers, Inc.
Notwithstanding the foregoing, no holder will be entitled to receive Common Shares upon conversion of Notes to the extent that such receipt would cause the converting holder or persons acting as a "group" to become, directly or indirectly, a "beneficial owner", as defined in the Indenture, of more than 19.9% of the Common Shares outstanding at such time or, in the case of a certain note holder, if it or its affiliates would become a "beneficial owner" of more than 4.9% of the Common Shares outstanding at such time.  In addition, the Company will not issue an aggregate number of Common Shares pursuant to the Notes that exceeds 19.9% of the total number of Common Shares outstanding on June 30, 2017.
Prior to July 1, 2018, the Company could not redeem the Notes, except upon the occurrence of certain changes to the laws governing Canadian withholding taxes. On or after July 1, 2018 and before July 1, 2019 the Company shall have the right to redeem all or part of the Notes at a price, payable in cash, of 110.3125% of the principal amount of the Notes to be redeemed, plus accrued and unpaid interest, if any, to, but excluding, the redemption date; on or after July 1, 2019 and before July 1, 2020 the Company shall have the right to redeem all or part of the outstanding Notes at a price, payable in cash, of 105.15625% of the principal amount of the Notes to be redeemed, plus accrued and unpaid interest, if any, to but excluding, the redemption date; and on or after July 1, 2020, until the maturity date, the Company shall have the right to redeem all or part of the outstanding Notes at a price, payable in cash, of 100% of the principal amount of the Notes to be redeemed, plus accrued and unpaid interest, if any, to, but excluding, the redemption date.
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Upon the occurrence of a fundamental change as defined in the Indenture, the Company must offer to purchase the outstanding Notes at a price, payable in cash, equal to 100% of the principal amount of the Notes, plus accrued and unpaid interest, if any.
The Company agreed in the Indenture to cause a prospectus and a registration statement to be filed with Canadian securities regulatory authorities and with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission, as applicable, and become usable and effective within six months after June 30, 2017, and to remain usable and effective for certain periods. The Indenture provided that if the Company did not do so, it would pay additional interest on the Notes at a rate of 0.25% per annum for the first 90 days and at a rate of 0.50% per annum thereafter, until the Notes became freely tradable by holders other than affiliates and certain other events have occurred. An additional interest charge of 0.25% for the period January 1, 2018 to March 31, 2018, plus a further 0.25% for the period April 1, 2018 to July 1, 2018, was added to the coupon rate of the Notes at the Company's election to not file a prospectus and a registration statement for the Notes with Canadian securities regulatory authorities and with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission. After July 1, 2018 at which time the Notes became freely tradable by holders other than affiliates, the Notes once again bear interest at the coupon rate of 6 7/8% per annum.
The Notes will be unsecured senior subordinated obligations and will be subordinated in right of payment to the prior payment in full of all of the Company's existing and future senior indebtedness pursuant to the Indenture. The Company may issue additional Notes in accordance with the terms and conditions set forth in the Indenture. The Indenture contains certain additional covenants, including covenants restricting asset dispositions, issuances of capital stock by subsidiaries, incurrence of indebtedness, business combinations and share exchanges.
2019 Sprott Facility
The 2019 Sprott Facility is a credit agreement with Sprott and the Sprott Lenders pursuant to which the Sprott Lenders provided a $20.0 million principal amount senior secured credit facility advance to the Company. The original maturity date of the 2019 Sprott Facility was August 14, 2021. The Company had the option to extend the maturity date by one year in exchange for a payment in Common Shares or cash of three percent of the outstanding principal amount of the 2019 Sprott Facility two business days prior to the original maturity date.  The Company elected to extend the maturity date by one year to August 14, 2022 on $10 million and paid a $0.3 million cash to Sprott as the required fee.  The amounts outstanding under the 2019 Sprott Facility will continue to bear interest at a rate of 11.00% per annum, compounded monthly.  At August 31, 2021 $9.4 million was outstanding on the Sprott Facility. At the time of writing this Form 20-F a principal amount of $3.6 million remains outstanding on the Sprott Facility.
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Monthly interest payments totaling $1.59 million were paid to Sprott in the year ended August 31, 2021, with a further $0.17 million in interest paid subsequent to year end.   The Sprott Facility requires a cash sweep of 50% of the Company’s net proceeds from equity offerings or new debt securities be applied to repayment of the Sprott Facility.  However, from the aggregate net proceeds of the 2020 ATM, the October 2020 Private Placement and the December 2020 Private Placement, Sprott allowed the Company to pay Sprott a reduced amount of $4.8 million, with the balance of what would otherwise be due to Sprott of $3.39 million being retained by the Company for working capital and to settle $2.89 million of deferred bank advisory fees. Looking forward, 50% of the net proceeds from the 2021 ATM are to be repaid to Sprott.
Under the 2019 Sprott Facility and the Modification Agreement, the Sprott Lenders will have a first priority lien on (i) the issued shares of PTM RSA, Mnombo and Waterberg JV Co. held, directly or indirectly, by the Company (and such other claims and rights described in the applicable pledge agreement); and (ii) all of the Company's present and after-acquired personal property. The 2019 Sprott Facility is also guaranteed by PTM RSA.
Bank Advisory Fees
BMO Nesbitt Burns Inc. ("BMO") and Macquarie Capital Markets Canada Ltd. ("Macquarie") have provided strategic advisory services to the Company.  Effective October 22, 2018 the formal agreement between the Company and Macquarie was terminated by mutual consent.  Pursuant to the transaction related to the sale of Maseve and the Implats Initial Purchase, BMO and Macquarie earned aggregate advisory fees of approximately $3.8 million.  In October 2017, the Company paid BMO and Macquarie an aggregate of $1.0 million after the closing of the Implats Initial Purchase and also agreed to pay the remaining balance of approximately $2.89 million as soon as practicable following the final repayment of all secured debt.  On November 30, 2020 the balance of deferred 2017 bank advisory fees due to BMO and Macquarie was paid in full.
Accounts Receivable and Payable
Accounts receivable at August 31, 2021 totaled $0.3 million (August 31, 2020 totaled $0.2 million) being comprised mainly of South African value added taxes refundable receivable in the current period.  2021 ATM offering proceeds receivable totaled $0.2 million (August 31, 2020 totaled nil).  Accounts payable and accrued liabilities at August 31, 2021 totaled $2.5 million (August 31, 2020 totaled $1.4 million) with the majority of payables due on expenditures for the Waterberg Project.
C. Research and Development, Patents and Licences, etc.
We do not directly engage in research and development activities. A subsidiary of the Company is investing in research and development.
On July 12, 2019, the Company, together with an affiliate of Amplats, launched a new venture through a jointly owned company, Lion Battery, to accelerate the development of next generation battery technology using platinum and palladium.  The Company received 400,000 common shares of Lion Battery, valued at a price of $0.01 per share, as the original founder.  Both the Company and Amplats are to equally invest up to an aggregate of $4.0 million into Lion Battery, of which approximately $1.0 million would be for general and administrative expenses and the commercialization of the technology developed, subject to certain conditions.  All funding into Lion Battery by the Company or Amplats is to be in exchange for preferred shares of Lion Battery at a price of $0.50 per share over an approximate three to four year period. 
On July 12, 2019, the Company and Amplats each invested $550,000 as a first tranche of funding into Lion Battery in exchange for 1,100,000 Lion preferred shares each.  In June 2020, the Company and Amplats each invested $350,000 as a second tranche of funding in exchange for 700,000 Lion Battery preferred shares each.  In January 2021, Amplats and the Company each invested $350,000 as a third tranche of funding in exchange for 700,000 Lion Battery preferred shares each.  At August 31, 2021 the Company owned a 53.70% interest in Lion Battery. 
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On July 12, 2019, Lion Battery entered into the SRA  with Florida International University ("FIU") to fund a $3.0 million research program over approximately a three-year period utilizing platinum and palladium to unlock the potential of Lithium Air and Lithium Sulphur battery chemistries to increase their discharge capacities and cyclability.  Under the Sponsored Research Agreement, Lion Battery will have exclusive rights to all intellectual property developed and will lead all commercialization efforts.  The first tranche of funding by Lion to FIU, totaling $1.0 million plus a one-time fee of $50,000, was paid by Lion Battery in mid July 2019, with a second tranche of $666,667 funded in June 2020.  A third tranche of funding by Lion Battery to FIU of $666,667 was completed in February 2021.  Lion Battery has provided aggregate research funding in the amount of $2.38 million to FIU as of August 31, 2021. 
On August 4, 2020, the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office issued Patent No. 10,734,636 B2 entitled "Battery Cathodes for Improved Stability" to FIU. The patent includes the use of platinum group metals and carbon nanotubes and other innovations in a lithium battery.  A second patent related to this work was issued in December 2020 and a third was issued on June 15, 2021.  Further patents are currently applied for.  Under the Sponsored Research Agreement, Lion Battery has exclusive rights to all intellectual property being developed by FIU including patents granted.  Lion Battery is also reviewing several additional and complementary opportunities focused on developing next-generation battery technology using platinum and palladium.
On July 6, 2021 the Company and Anglo amended the original Lion Battery investment agreements to allow for up to $2.73 million of additional funding to Lion, bringing the total possible funding up to $6.73 million, in order to accelerate research and development efforts at FIU.  If the Company should fail to contribute its share of a required subscription to Lion, it would be in breach of its agreement with Lion Battery and its interest in Lion Battery may be subject to dilution.
D. Trend Information
The Company's key business objective is to advance the Waterberg Project to the completion of financing and a construction decision.
The Waterberg DFS was formally delivered to all of the Waterberg Project owners on October 4, 2019, as required under the Waterberg Shareholders Agreement. The shareholders of Waterberg JV Co. formally approved the Waterberg DFS on December 5, 2019.
An EA was granted for the Waterberg Project on August 12, 2020, subject to a public notice period and finalization of issues raised by affected parties, which process was completed with the issue of the final EA on November 10, 2020.
The Waterberg Mining Right was granted by the DMRE on January 28, 2021 and its notarial execution was completed on April 13, 2021. 
On July 6, 2021, Waterberg JV Co. completed the registration of the Waterberg Mining Right at the Mineral and Petroleum Titles Registration Office.
The Company has submitted formal rebuttals to the Appeals and court actions filed by a number of local groups of individuals in opposition to the grant of the Waterberg Mining Right.  The Company believes that all requirements specified under the MPRDA have been complied with and that DMRE had properly granted the Waterberg Mining Right.  The Waterberg Mining Right remains active. 
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Market interest in palladium and in PGMs in general has been strong in recent years and the market price for PGMs was generally increasing until early 2021.  A global shortage in semiconductor chips in 2021 resulted in a material reduction in the global production of automobiles, resulting in a concurrent fall in demand for the use of PGMs in automotive catalytic converters.  At the time of writing this Form 20-F metals prices have decreased from recent highs as follows:

PGM	Recent High
Price	Date	Current Price	Date	Variance	
Platinum	$1,311	Feb 13, 2021	$1,087	Nov 15, 2021	$224	
Palladium	$2,981	May 3, 2021	$2,092	Nov 15, 2021	$889	
Rhodium	$29,800	Mar 23, 2021	$13,500	Nov 15, 2021	$16,300	
Gold	$2,067	Aug 7, 2020	$1,862	Nov 15, 2021	$205	
After a recovery in semiconductor chip production, we expect a medium-term recovery in the market for PGMs based on projections for strong car sales in China, where the largest amount of palladium and rhodium are used, the potential for the emergence of a hydrogen-based economy and the concurrent use of PGMs, as well as the potential for the use of PGMs in new lithium battery technologies.  As the world seeks to decarbonize and look for solutions to climate change, the unique properties of PGMs as powerful catalysts are being applied to various technologies as possible solutions for more efficient energy generation. 
Looking farther ahead, the penetration of battery electric power trains into the production and sales of automobiles, resulting in a decline in the demand for PGMs in internal combustion engine automobile catalytic converters, is expected to negatively impact markets for PGMs.  The future use of PGMs in hydrogen fuel cells and other clean energy technologies may offset some or all of the negative impact caused by the penetration of battery electric power trains into the production and sales of automobiles.
Although to date the Company has not experienced a material negative impact to its business as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, because of the highly uncertain and dynamic nature of events relating to the COVID-19 pandemic, it is not currently possible to estimate the future impact of the pandemic on the Company's business. However, these effects could have a material impact on the Company's operations, and the Company will continue to monitor the COVID-19 pandemic situation closely.
The Company is aware of the global effort to fight climate change and the possible impact of future legislation and regulation designed to reduce carbon emissions and the impact of climate change.  Waterberg JV Co. has conducted preliminary studies to assess the possible use of battery electric powered underground mining equipment at the Waterberg Mine as a means to mitigate and reduce the mine's production and release of GHG emissions.  Joint venture partner Implats recently advised the Company of their intention to complete a study and assessment of the carbon emissions that would be produced by the Waterberg Mine.
Factors which may have a material effect on the Company's net sales or revenues, income from continuing operations, profitability, liquidity or capital resources, or that would cause reported financial information not necessarily to be indicative of future operating results or financial condition are set forth in Item 3.D.- Risk Factors".
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E. Critical Accounting Estimates
Not applicable
ITEM 6. DIRECTORS, SENIOR MANAGEMENT AND EMPLOYEES
A. Directors and Senior Management
The following table sets forth the Company's current directors and executive officers, with each position and office held by them. 
The term of office for each director of the Company expires at the annual general meeting of shareholders where they can be nominated for re-election.

Name and Place of
Residence	Position	Age	Date First Elected
or Appointed	
FRANK HALLAM
British Columbia, Canada	Director
Interim President and Chief Executive Officer	61	February 18, 2002
July 29, 2021	
DIANA WALTERS (1)(2)(3)(4)(5)
Houston, Texas, USA	Director	58	July 16, 2013	
TIMOTHY MARLOW (2)(3)(4)(5)
British Columbia, Canada	Director	77	June 15, 2011	
JOHN A. COPELYN
Cape Town, South Africa	Director	71	May 15, 2018	
STUART HARSHAW (2)(3)(4)(5)
Ontario, Canada	Director	54	April 15, 2019	
GREGORY BLAIR
North Vancouver, BC	Interim Chief Financial Officer	44	July 29, 2021	
Notes:
(1) Chairperson of the Board
(2) Member of the Audit Committee of the Company (the "Audit Committee")
(3) Member of the Compensation Committee of the Company (the "Compensation Committee")
(4) Member of the Governance and Nomination Committee of the Company (the "Governance and Nomination Committee")
(5) Member of the Environmental, Health, Safety and Technical Advisory Committee of the Company (the "EHST Committee")
Frank Hallam
Mr. Hallam, 61, was the original founder of New Millennium Metals Corp, a predecessor company to Platinum Group Metals Ltd and the Company's Chief Financial Officer and Corporate Secretary from February 11, 2003 to July 29, 2021. Mr. Hallam has extensive operating and financial experience at the senior management level with several TSX and NYSE listed resource companies and has over twenty-seven years of experience working in East and South Africa. In his role as CFO and director with Tan Range Exploration he set up and administered exploration offices in Tanzania, Ethiopia and Eritrea, among others. Mr. Hallam has been involved in raising over $1 billion for exploration, mining development and production and has been involved in negotiating and managing property deals with Anglo Platinum Ltd., Barrick Gold Corporation, Johannesburg Consolidated Investments and Newmont Mining Corporation. Mr. Hallam was a co-founder and director of West Timmins Mining that was purchased by producing company Lake Shore Gold Corp. in 2009, where he served as a director until April 2016. Mr. Hallam was a co-founder and former director until 2014 of MAG Silver Corp. Mr. Hallam also serves as CFO and Corporate Secretary of WVM. Mr. Hallam previously served as an auditor in the mining practice of Coopers and Lybrand. He is a chartered accountant and has a degree in business administration from Simon Fraser University.
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Diana Walters
Ms. Walters, 58, has over thirty years of experience in the Natural Resources sector, as an equity investor,  investment banker and in operating roles. She is the former President of LMM and was a Managing Partner of Eland Capital, LLC, a Natural Resources advisory firm. Ms. Walters has extensive investment experience with both debt and equity through leadership roles at Credit Suisse, HSBC and other firms. Ms. Walters graduated with honors from the University of Texas at Austin with a BA in Plan II Liberal Arts and an MA in Energy and Mineral Resources. Ms. Walters also currently serves on the board of  Atmos Energy Corporation and Trilogy Metals Inc.
Timothy Marlow
Mr. Marlow, 77, has over thirty-six years of mining engineering and mine operating experience in North America, South America, Africa and Asia. His mining and project experience spans the world with specific African experience in Ghana and Zambia. Mr. Marlow is President of Marlow & Associates since 1995 and was President of Philippine Gold Consulting LLC from 1995 - 2014. Mr. Marlow is a graduate of the Camborne School of Mines and is registered as a CEng, Registered Charter Engineer in the UK. He is a member of the Institute of Mining and Metallurgy UK and a Qualified Person as defined by NI-43-101 for mining.
John A. Copelyn
Mr. Copelyn, 71, has been CEO of HCI since joining in 1997. Prior to this, he was a member of the South African parliament and general secretary of the Southern African Clothing and Textile Workers' Union. Mr. Copelyn is also Chairman of E Media Holdings Ltd., a JSE listed company that comprises some of the leading media companies in South Africa, Tsogo Sun Holdings Ltd., which owns and operates hotels and casinos and is listed on the JSE, Deneb Investments Ltd., an investment holding company with interests in textile manufacturing and property investments and Niveus Investments Ltd., an investment holding company.
Stuart Harshaw
Mr. Harshaw, 54, is a seasoned professional with a successful career in the global mining industry with Vale SA and Inco Ltd, where, among other things, he was Vice President of Ontario Operations in charge of operating six underground mines, a portfolio of processing and refining facilities in Canada and Asia, as well as marketing and sales of a broad range of concentrates and finished metals worldwide.
Stuart Harshaw is director, president and CEO of Nickel Creek Platinum Corp. and a member of the board of directors of Constantine Metal Resources Ltd. and International Tower Hill Mines Ltd. Mr. Harshaw is also a voting member of the Board of Governors of Laurentian University in Sudbury, Canada. Mr. Harshaw earned a BSc. in Metallurgical Engineering from Queen's University and an MBA from Laurentian University.
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Gregory Blair
Mr. Blair, 44, was appointed Interim Chief Financial Officer on July 29, 2021 and has been with Platinum Group since 2010 in various roles, most recently as Financial Controller, while also holding the same position at WVM. Prior to working at Platinum Group, Mr. Blair worked at a public accounting firm on public company (mainly mining) audits. Mr. Blair is a Chartered Professional Accountant (Chartered Accountant) and holds a degree in Economics from Simon Fraser University while also having completed the Canadian Securities Course.
There are no family relationships between any of the persons named above. Furthermore, there are no arrangements or understandings with Major Shareholders, customers, suppliers or others, pursuant to which any of the persons named above were selected as a director or member of senior management.
Except as disclosed below, no director or executive officer of the Company (or any of their personal holding companies) is, or during the ten years preceding the date of filing of this Annual Report has been, a director, chief executive officer or chief financial officer of any company, including the Company, that was subject to a cease trade order, an order similar to a cease trade order, or an order that denied the relevant company access to any exemption under securities legislation that was in effect for a period of more than 30 consecutive days:
(a) that was issued while the director or executive officer was acting in the capacity as director, chief executive officer or chief financial order; or
(b) that was issued after the director or executive officer ceased to be a director, chief executive officer or chief financial officer and which resulted from an event that occurred while that person was acting in the capacity as director, chief executive officer or chief financial officer;
Mr. Hallam was a director of Nextraction Energy Corp. ("Nextraction") until May 14, 2020.  Nextraction was previously subject to Cease Trade Orders ("CTOs") issued by the Alberta Securities Commission ("ASC") and the British Columbia Securities Commission ("BCSC") in May 2015 for failure to file annual audited financial statements, annual management's discussion and analysis, and certification of annual filings for the year ended December 2014. The CTOs were revoked by both the ASC and the BCSC in February 2019 following the filing of all required financial and continuous disclosure documents by Nextraction.
Ms. Walters was previously a director of Alta Mesa Resources, Inc. ("AMR"), an independent energy company focused on the development and acquisition of unconventional oil and natural gas reserves in the Anadarko Basin in Oklahoma.  On September 11, 2019, AMR announced that AMR and certain of its subsidiaries filed voluntary petitions for reorganization under Chapter 11 of the U.S. Bankruptcy Code in the U.S. Bankruptcy Court for the Southern District of Texas in order to allow AMR to reorganize its capital structure.  On June 10, 2020 Ms. Walters advised the Company that her duties as a board member of AMR had ended, and that AMR had completed its bankruptcy reorganization process. 
Except for Ms. Walters as described above, no director or executive officer of the Company, or a shareholder holding a sufficient number of securities of the Company to affect materially the control of the Company, (or any of their personal holding companies):
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(a) is, as at the date of filing of this Annual Report or during the ten years preceding the date of filing of this Annual Report, has been a director or executive officer, of any company, including the Company, that while the director or executive officer was acting in that capacity or within a year of that person ceasing to act in that capacity, became bankrupt, made a proposal under any legislation relating to bankruptcy or insolvency or was subject to or instituted any proceedings, arrangement, or compromise with creditors, or had a receiver, receiver manager, or trustee appointed to hold its assets; or
(b) has, within the ten years before the date of this Annual Report, become bankrupt, made a proposal under any legislation relating to bankruptcy or insolvency, or become subject to or instituted any proceedings, arrangement or compromise with creditors, or had a receiver, receiver manager or trustee appointed to hold the assets of that director or executive officer.
No director or executive officer of the Company, or a shareholder holding a sufficient number of securities of the Company to affect materially the control of the Company, (or any of their personal holding companies) has been subject to:
(a) any penalties or sanctions imposed by a court relating to securities legislation or by a securities regulatory authority or has entered into a settlement agreement with a securities regulatory authority; or
(b) any other penalties or sanctions imposed by a court or regulatory body which would likely be considered important to a reasonable investor in making an investment decision.
Promoters
No individuals acted as promoters of the Company within the two most recently completed financial years or during the current financial year.
B. Compensation
The following table sets forth all compensation paid or accrued by the Company to its directors and members of its administrative, supervisory or management bodies for the year ended August 31, 2021.

 	 	Annual	 	Long Term	 	
 	 	Compensation	Other Annual	Compensation(1)	All Other	
Name and	 	Salary	Bonus	Compensation	Options	RSUs	DSUs	Compensation	
Principal Position	Year	($)	($)	($)	(#)	(#)	(#)	($)	
Frank Hallam (2)
Director and Interim President and CEO; and former CFO and Corp. Sec. 	2021	413,265	27,979	Nil	450,000	54,000	N/A	Nil	
R. Michael Jones (3)
Former Director, President and CEO	2021	389,370	31,526	Nil	500,000	60,000	N/A	828,000 (9)	
Diana Walters (4) 
Chairperson and Director	2021	N/A	N/A	65,593	Nil	N/A	Nil	Nil	
Timothy Marlow (4)
Director	2021	N/A	N/A	59,801	Nil	N/A	Nil	Nil	
John Copelyn (5)
Director	2021	N/A	N/A	49,834	Nil	N/A	Nil	Nil	
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 	 	Annual	 	Long Term	 	
 	 	Compensation	Other Annual	Compensation(1)	All Other	
Name and	 	Salary	Bonus	Compensation	Options	RSUs	DSUs	Compensation	
Principal Position	Year	($)	($)	($)	(#)	(#)	(#)	($)	
Stuart Harshaw (4)
Director	2021	N/A	N/A	59,617	Nil	N/A	Nil	Nil	
Enoch Godongwana (6)(7)
Former Director	2021	N/A	N/A	6,352	Nil	N/A	Nil	Nil	
Gregory Blair (8)
Interim CFO	2021	108,055	9,458	Nil	52,500	14,000	N/A	Nil	
Notes:
(1) For additional details, see Item 6.E. Share Ownership.
(2) Ceased to be CFO and Corporate Secretary of the Company on July 29, 2021
(3) Ceased to be a director, President and CEO of the Company on July 29, 2021
(4) Fees paid as to 50% in cash and 50% in deferred share units ("DSUs") granted under the DSU Plan (defined below).
(5) Fees paid as to 100% in DSUs.
(6) Fees paid as to 80% in cash and 20% in DSUs.
(7) Served as a director of the Company from June 21, 2021 to August 6, 2021.
(8) Appointed Interim CFO on July 29, 2021.
(9) Severance payment made to the Former CEO of the Company pursuant to a formal separation agreement.
During the year ended August 31, 2021 no amounts were set aside for the foregoing persons to provide pension, retirement or similar benefits.
Deferred Share Unit Plan
The Deferred Share Unit Plan (the "DSU Plan") permits directors who are not salaried officers or employees of the Company or a related corporation (referred to as "Eligible Directors") to convert into DSUs the fees that would otherwise be payable by the Company to them relating to future services for their participation on the Board and on committees of the Board, including all annual retainers and amounts that would be payable for serving as the Chair of the Board and/or as a chair of a committee of the Board (excluding any reimbursement of expenses) (the "Board Fees"). Only Eligible Directors are permitted to participate in the DSU Plan.  The DSU Plan is administered by the Board, or such other persons as may be designated by the Board from time to time, through the recommendation of the Compensation Committee (the "DSUP Administrators").
With respect to the conversion of Board Fees into DSUs, each Eligible Director may, under the DSU Plan, elect to convert a minimum of 20% up to a maximum of 100%, in 10% increments, of his or her future Board Fees for the relevant period into DSUs in lieu of being paid such fees in cash.  On the date on which the relevant Board Fees are payable, the number of DSUs to be credited to a participating Eligible Director (a "DSU Participant") will be determined by dividing an amount equal to the designated percentage of the Board Fees that the DSU Participant has elected to have credited in DSUs on that fee payment date, by the market value of a Common Share on that fee payment date. Eligible Directors are entitled to make an election under the DSU Plan in respect of the period from January 1 through December 31 no later than December 31 of the prior year. Newly elected Eligible Directors will have 30 days from the date of his/her appointment to make an election in respect of the remainder of such calendar year. All such elections will be irrevocable in respect of such period.
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If a DSU Participant becomes a salaried officer or an employee of the Company or a related corporation, such DSU Participant shall thereupon be suspended from further participation in the DSU Plan in the manner set out in the DSU Plan.
The DSUP Administrators may also, in their sole discretion from time to time, award DSUs to one or more Eligible Directors for the purposes of providing additional equity related remuneration to such Eligible Directors in respect of future services as an Eligible Director. With respect to the award of such DSUs, the DSUP Administrators will determine when DSUs will be awarded, the number of DSUs to be awarded, the vesting criteria for each award of DSUs, if any, and all other terms and conditions of each award. Unless the DSUP Administrators determine otherwise, such DSUs will be subject to a vesting schedule whereby they will become vested in equal instalments over three years with one-third vesting on the first anniversary of the award and one-third vesting on each of the subsequent anniversaries of the award. The DSUP Administrators may consider alternatives for vesting criteria related to the Company's performance and have the flexibility under the DSU Plan to apply such vesting criteria to particular awards of DSUs. The DSU Plan also provides that: (a) where the Termination of Board Service (as defined below) of a DSU Participant (or termination of service as a salaried officer or employee, if applicable) occurs as a result of the DSU Participant's death, all unvested DSUs of that DSU Participant will vest effective on the date of death; and (b) if there is a change of control (as such term is defined in the DSU Plan), all unvested DSUs will vest immediately prior to such change of control.
If cash dividends are paid by the Company on the Common Shares, a DSU Participant will also be credited with dividend equivalents in the form of additional DSUs based on the number of vested DSUs the DSU Participant holds on the record date for the payment of such dividend.
Canadian DSU Participants are not entitled to redeem any DSUs (regardless of their vested status) until after the DSU Participant ceases to be a member of the Board by way of retirement, non-re-election as a director, resignation, incapacity or death (each, a "Termination of Board Service"), or termination of service as a salaried officer or employee, if applicable.
Except with respect to U.S. Eligible Directors (defined below) a DSU Participant (or the DSU Participant's legal representative, as the case may be) will be permitted to redeem his or her vested DSUs no earlier than following Termination of Board Service (and termination of service as a salaried officer or employee, if applicable) by giving written notice to the Company to redeem on one or more dates specified by the DSU Participant (or the DSU Participant's legal representative, as the case may be), which dates shall not, in any event, be earlier than the tenth day following the release of the Company's quarterly or annual financial results immediately following such termination, or later than December 1 of the first calendar year commencing after the time of such termination. The DSUs of an Eligible Director who is a citizen or resident of the United States, as defined in the Code, and any other Eligible Director who is subject to tax under the Code with respect to DSUs granted pursuant to the DSU Plan (each, a "U.S. Eligible Director") will be redeemed during the calendar year following the year in which the U.S. Eligible Director experiences a "separation from service" (as defined in the Code) on a date selected by the Company. Upon redemption of DSUs, the Company will pay to the DSU Participant (or the DSU Participant's legal representative, as the case may be) a lump sum cash payment equal to the number of DSUs to be redeemed multiplied by the market value of a Common Share on the redemption date, net of any applicable deductions and withholdings. The DSU Plan does not entitle any DSU Participant to acquire Common Shares in connection with the redemption of vested DSUs under the DSU Plan.
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The DSU Plan also contains provisions that apply to DSU Participants who are subject to tax in both the United States and Canada. For such DSU Participants, in limited circumstances specified in the DSU Plan where there is a conflict in the requirements of U.S. tax laws and Canadian tax laws, the relevant DSUs will be forfeited.
C. Board Practices
Following the resignations of R. Michael Jones and Enoch Godongwana as directors of the Company on July 29, 2021 and August 6, 2021, respectively, the Board determined the number of directors at five (5) and currently consists of five (5) directors. Each current director was elected at the Company's annual meeting of shareholders held on February 18, 2021.  Each director elected or appointed holds office until the next annual meeting of the Company or until his or her successor is elected or appointed, unless his or her office is earlier vacated in accordance with the Articles of the Company (the "Articles") or the provisions of the BCBCA.  See "Directors and Senior Management" for the dates on which its current directors were first elected or appointed.
On January 13, 2015, the Board adopted a majority voting policy (the "Policy"), as amended on February 18, 2015. The Policy requires that any nominee for director who receives a greater number of votes "withheld" than votes "for" his or her election will be required to tender an offer to resign (a "Resignation Offer"). The Policy applies only to uncontested elections, which are elections of directors where the number of nominees for election as director is equal to the number of directors to be elected at such meeting. Following a tender of a Resignation Offer, the Governance and Nomination Committee will consider the Resignation Offer and will recommend to the Board whether or not to accept or reject the Resignation Offer or to propose alternative actions. The Governance and Nomination Committee will be expected to recommend accepting the Resignation Offer, except in situations where extraordinary circumstances would warrant the applicable director to continue to serve on the Board. Within 90 days following the applicable annual general meeting, the Board will make a determination of the action to take with respect to the Resignation Offer and will promptly disclose by news release its decision to accept or reject the director's Resignation Offer or to propose alternative actions as referenced in the Policy. If the Board has decided to reject the Resignation Offer or to pursue any alternative action other than accepting the Resignation Offer, then the Board will disclose in the news release its reasons for doing so. The applicable director will not participate in either the Governance and Nomination Committee or Board deliberations on his or her Resignation Offer.
We have not entered into contracts providing for benefits to the directors upon termination of office, other than as described below.
Agreements with Executive Officers
The following sets forth the plans or arrangements in respect of remuneration for the Company's Interim President and Chief Executive Officer and Interim Chief Financial Officer in respect of compensation to such officer in the event of termination of employment (as a result of resignation, change of control or change of responsibilities).
Frank R. Hallam, our Interim President and Chief Executive Officer(2) ( "Hallam"), has an annual base salary of CAD$475,000, and is entitled to an annual bonus at the discretion of the Compensation Committee and the Board.  Pursuant to the terms of Hallam's employment agreement, dated July 5, 2012, which was originally entered into in contemplation of his position as Chief Financial Officer, Hallam may resign by giving 90 days' written notice and thereafter be entitled to his annual salary earned to the date of cessation, together with any outstanding earned but untaken vacation pay, reimbursement of any final expenses and all bonuses earned in respect of any period before the date of cessation (collectively, the "Final Wages").
________________________________
(2) Frank R. Hallam was appointed as Interim CEO and President of the Company on July 29, 2021 following his resignation as CFO and Corporate Secretary of the Company.
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If Hallam is terminated without cause or resigns for good cause (as defined below), the Company will pay Hallam:
(a) the Final Wages; and
(b) an additional amount equal to 24 months of Hallam's annual salary (the "Severance Period"), and
Hallam's current benefits will continue until the earlier of the end of the Severance Period and receipt of similar benefits through other employment.
In the case of either a termination or resignation for good cause following a Change of Control (as defined below), the Company will pay severance as follows (the "COC Severance"):
(a) the Final Wages;
(b) an additional amount equivalent to 24 months' annual salary (the "COC Severance Period");
(c) an additional lump sum equal to the sum of the amounts paid as bonuses to Hallam in respect of the completed three bonus years preceding the date of termination divided by 36 (the "Average Monthly Bonus") multiplied by the number of completed months in the current bonus year through to the termination date; and
(d) an additional lump sum equal to the Average Monthly Bonus multiplied by the number of months in the COC Severance Period, and
Hallam's current benefits will continue until the earlier of the end of the COC Severance Period and Hallam's receipt of similar benefits through other employment.
In addition, Hallam shall have a special right to resign on one month's written notice, delivered within 60 days following a Change of Control, in which case Hallam will be entitled to receive the COC Severance.
Upon a Change of Control, any non-vested options held by Hallam will be deemed vested on a Change of Control. Where the Change of Control is a transaction in which the shares of the Company are to be purchased or otherwise exchanged or acquired, such vesting shall take place so as to permit Hallam, at his election to participate in the transaction in respect of any such non-vested option shares, provided that if, for any reason such Change of Control transaction does not complete, the options shall revert to their original terms, including as to vesting and all options the vesting of which is accelerated pursuant to the foregoing shall remain open for exercise until the earlier of their expiry date or one year from the Change of Control.
"Change of Control" means:
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(a) the acquisition, beneficially, directly or indirectly, by any person or group of persons acting jointly or in concert, within the meaning of Multilateral Instrument 62-104 - Takeover Bids and Issuer Bids (or any successor instrument thereto), of Common Shares which, when added to all other Common Shares at the time held beneficially, directly or indirectly by such person or persons acting jointly or in concert, totals for the first time more than 50% of the outstanding Common Shares; or
(b) the removal, by extraordinary resolution of the shareholders of the Company, of more than 51% of the then incumbent directors of the Company, or the election of a majority of directors to the Company's Board who were not nominees of the Company's incumbent Board at the time immediately preceding such election; or
(c) the consummation of a sale of all or substantially all of the assets of the Company, or the consummation of a reorganization, merger or other transaction which has substantially the same effect; or
(d) a merger, consolidation, plan of arrangement or reorganization of the Company that results in the beneficial, direct or indirect transfer of more than 50% of the total voting power of the resulting entity's outstanding securities to a person, or group of persons acting jointly and in concert, who are different from the person that have, beneficially, directly or indirectly, more than 50% of the total voting power prior to such transaction.
"good cause" means the occurrence of one of the following events without Hallam's written consent:
(a) upon the material breach of any material term of the employment agreement by the Company if such breach or default has not been remedied to the reasonable satisfaction of Hallam within 30 days after written notice of the breach of default has been delivered by Hallam to the Company; or
(b) a material reduction in Hallam's responsibilities, title or reporting, except as a result of Hallam's disability; or
(c) any reduction by the Company in Hallam's then current annual salary; or
(d) relocation of Hallam's principal office location by more than 25 kilometres.
Gregory Blair ("Blair") has an annual base salary of CAD$153,600 and is entitled to an annual bonus at the discretion of the Compensation Committee and the Board.  Pursuant to the terms of Blair's employment agreement, dated December 3, 2010, which was originally entered into in contemplation of his position as a Senior Accountant, Policy and Regulation, the Company may terminate the agreement immediately, at any time, for cause, which includes any criminal act or breach of any British Columbia Securities Commission or TSX regulation or policy that governs Blair's employment activities. The Company or Blair may terminate the agreement at any time without cause with 30 days' written notice.  Further, in the event of a change of control of the Company, as defined under securities legislation in British Columbia, Blair is entitled to the benefit of all granted options plus six months' salary.
Our former President and Chief Executive Officer, R. Michael Jones ("Jones"), was party to an employment agreement with the Company, dated August 1, 2012, which included provisions relating to compensation in the event of termination of employment similar to those included in Hallam's agreement.  Jones resigned as a director, President and Chief Executive Officer on July 29, 2021.  In connection with his resignation, Jones and the Company entered into a separation agreement and release dated July 29, 2021.  Pursuant to the separation agreement, the Company agreed to pay Jones a lump sum amount of CAD$1,050,000, less applicable withholding for income tax, which was the equivalent of 24 months of Jones' annual salary, to provide 24 months of continued benefits coverage, subject to certain conditions, and to exercises of vested stock options for up to six months.  Jones agreed to provide certain consulting services to the Company to assist with transitional matters only at the request and direction of the Company on an as needed basis until December 31, 2021 in consideration of his stock options being exercisable for up to six months.  No additional cash consideration is payable by the Company in exchange for Jones' consulting services.
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Audit Committee
Audit Committee Charter
The following is the full text of the Audit Committee's charter (the "Charter"):
1. General
The Board of Directors of the Corporation (the "Board") has established an Audit Committee (the "Committee") to assist the Board in fulfilling its oversight responsibilities. The Committee will review and oversee the financial reporting and accounting process of Platinum Group Metals Ltd. (the "Corporation"), the system of internal control and management of financial risks, the external audit process, and the Corporation's process for monitoring compliance with laws and regulations and its own code of business conduct. In performing its duties, the Committee will maintain effective working relationships with the Board, management, and the external auditors and monitor the independence of those auditors. To perform his or her role effectively, each Committee member will obtain an understanding of the responsibilities of Committee membership as well as the Corporation's business, operations and risks.
The Corporation's independent auditor is ultimately accountable to the Board and to the Committee. The Board and Committee, as representatives of the Corporation's shareholders, have the ultimate authority and responsibility to evaluate the independent auditor, to nominate annually the independent auditor to be proposed for shareholder approval, to determine appropriate compensation for the independent auditor, and where appropriate, to replace the outside auditor. In the course of fulfilling its specific responsibilities hereunder, the Committee must maintain free and open communication between the Corporation's independent auditors, Board and Corporation management. The responsibilities of a member of the Committee are in addition to such member's duties as a member of the Board.
2. Members
The Board will in each year appoint a minimum of three (3) directors as members of the Committee. All members of the Committee shall be non-management directors and shall be independent within the meaning of all applicable U.S. and Canadian securities laws and the rules of the Toronto Stock Exchange and the NYSE American LLC (collectively, the "Applicable Regulations"), unless otherwise exempt under the Applicable Regulations.
None of the members of the Committee may have participated in the preparation of the financial statements of the Corporation or any current subsidiary of the Corporation at any time during the past three years.
All members of the Committee shall be able to read and understand fundamental financial statements and must be able to read and understand fundamental financial standards and satisfy all applicable financial literacy requirements of the Applicable Regulations. Additionally, at least one member of the Committee shall: (a) be financially sophisticated, in that he or she shall have past employment experience in finance or accounting, requisite professional certification in accounting, or any other comparable experience or background which results in the individual's financial sophistication, which may include being or having been a chief executive officer, chief financial officer, or other senior officer with financial oversight responsibilities; and (b) be an "audit committee financial expert" within the meaning of U.S. federal securities laws.
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3. Duties
The Committee will have the following duties:
• Gain an understanding of whether internal control recommendations made by external auditors have been implemented by management.
• Gain an understanding of the current areas of greatest financial risk and whether management is managing these effectively.
• Review significant accounting and reporting issues, including recent professional and regulatory pronouncements, and understand their impact on the financial statements.
• Review any legal matters which could significantly impact the financial statements as reported on by the Corporation's counsel and engage outside independent counsel and other advisors whenever as deemed necessary by the Committee to carry out its duties.
• Review the Corporation's annual and quarterly financial statements, including Management's Discussion and Analysis with respect thereto, and all annual and interim earnings press releases, prior to public dissemination, including any certification, report, opinion or review rendered by the external auditors and determine whether they are complete and consistent with the information known to Committee members; determine that the auditors are satisfied that the financial statements have been prepared in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards as issued by the International Accounting Standards Board ("IFRS").
• Pay particular attention to complex and/or unusual transactions such as those involving derivative instruments and consider the adequacy of disclosure thereof.
• Focus on judgmental areas, for example those involving valuation of assets and liabilities and other commitments and contingencies.
• Review audit issues related to the Corporation's material associated and affiliated companies that may have a significant impact on the Corporation's equity investment.
• Meet with management and the external auditors to review the annual financial statements and the results of the audit.
• Evaluate the fairness of the interim financial statements and related disclosures including the associated Management's Discussion and Analysis, and obtain explanations from management on whether:
§	actual financial results for the interim period varied significantly from budgeted or projected results;
§	generally accepted accounting principles have been consistently applied;
§	there are any actual or proposed changes in accounting or financial reporting practices; or
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§	there are any significant or unusual events or transactions which require disclosure and, if so, consider the adequacy of that disclosure.
• Review the external auditors' proposed audit scope and approach and ensure no unjustifiable restriction or limitations have been placed on the scope.
• Recommend to the Board an external auditor to be nominated for appointment by the Corporation's shareholders. Subject to the appointment of the Corporation's external auditor by the Corporation's shareholders, the Committee will be directly responsible for the appointment, compensation, retention and oversight of the work of external auditor engaged for the purpose of preparing or issuing an auditor's report or performing other audit, review or attest services for the Corporation, including the resolution of disagreements between management and the external auditor regarding financial reporting. The Corporation's external auditor shall report directly to the Committee.
• Review with the Corporation's management, on a regular basis, the performance of the external auditors, the terms of the external auditor's engagement, accountability and experience.
• Pre-approve all non-audit services and tax services to be provided to the Corporation or its subsidiary entities by the external auditor, or other registered accounting firm.
• Consider at least annually the independence of the external auditors, including reviewing the range of services provided in the context of all consulting services obtained by the Corporation, including:
§	insuring receipt from the independent auditor of a formal written statement delineating all relationships between the independent auditor and the Company, consistent with the Independence Standards Board Standard No. 1 and related Canadian regulatory body standards;
§	considering and discussing with the independent auditor any relationships or services, including non-audit services, that may impact the objectivity and independence of the independent auditor; and
§	as necessary, taking, or recommending that the Board take, appropriate action to oversee the independence of the independent auditor.
• Ensure that adequate procedures are in place for the review of the Corporation's public disclosure of financial information extracted or derived from the Corporation's financial statements, other than the public disclosure contained in the Corporation's financial statements, Management's Discussion and Analysis and annual and interim earnings press releases; and must periodically assess the adequacy of those procedures.
• Review any significant disagreement among management and the external auditors in connection with the preparation of the financial statements.
• Review and approve the Corporation's hiring policies regarding partners, employees and former partners and employees of the present and former external auditors of the Corporation.
• Establish a procedure for:
§	the confidential, anonymous submission by employees of the Corporation of concerns regarding questionable accounting or auditing matters; and
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§	the receipt, retention and treatment of complaints received by the Corporation regarding accounting, internal accounting controls, or auditing matters.
• Meet separately with the external auditors to discuss any matters that the committee or auditors believe should be discussed privately in the absence of management.
• Endeavour to cause the receipt and discussion on a timely basis of any significant findings and recommendations made by the external auditors.
• Ensure that the Board is aware of matters which may significantly impact the financial condition or affairs of the business.
• Review and oversee all related party transactions within the meaning of the Applicable Regulations.
• Perform other functions as requested by the Board.
• If necessary, institute special investigations and, if appropriate, hire special counsel or experts to assist, and set the compensation to be paid to such special counsel or other experts.
• Review and re-assess annually the adequacy of this Charter and recommend updates to this Charter; receive approval of changes from the Board.
• With regard to the Corporation's internal control procedures, the Committee is responsible to:
§	review the appropriateness and effectiveness of the Corporation's policies and business practices which impact on the financial integrity of the Corporation, including those related to internal auditing, insurance, accounting, information services and systems and financial controls, management reporting and risk management; and
§	review compliance under the Corporation's business conduct and ethics policies and to periodically review these policies and recommend to the Board changes which the Committee may deem appropriate; and
§	review any unresolved issues between management and the external auditors that could affect the financial reporting or internal controls of the Corporation; and
§	periodically review the Corporation's financial and auditing procedures and the extent to which recommendations made by the internal audit staff or by the external auditors have been implemented.
4. Chair
The Committee will in each year appoint the Chair of the Committee from among the members of the Committee. In the Chair's absence, or if the position is vacant, the Committee may select another member as Chair. The Chair will not have a casting vote.
5. Meetings
The Committee will meet at least once every calendar quarter. Special meetings shall be convened as required. Notices calling meetings shall be sent to all members of the Committee, all Board members and the external auditor. The external auditor of the Corporation must be given reasonable notice of, and has the right to appear before and to be heard at, each meeting of the Committee. At the request of the external auditor, the Committee must convene a meeting of the Committee to consider any matter that the external auditor believes should be brought to the attention of the Board or shareholders of the Corporation.
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The Committee may invite such other persons (e.g., without limitation, the President or Chief Financial Officer) to its meetings, as it deems appropriate.
6. Quorum
A majority of members of the Committee, present in person, by teleconferencing, or by videoconferencing, or by any combination of the foregoing, will constitute a quorum.
7. Removal and Vacancy
A member may resign from the Committee and may also be removed and replaced at any time by the Board and will automatically cease to be a member as soon as the member ceases to be a director of the Corporation. The Board will fill vacancies in the Committee by appointment from among the directors in accordance with Section 2 of this Charter. Subject to quorum requirements, if a vacancy exists on the Committee, the remaining members will exercise all of the Committee's powers.
8. Authority
The Committee may:
·	engage independent counsel and other advisors as it determines necessary to carry out its duties.
·	set and pay the compensation for any advisors employed by the Committee; and
·	communicate directly with the internal and external auditors.
The Committee may also, within the scope of its responsibilities, seek any information it requires from any employee and from external parties, to obtain outside legal or professional advice, and to ensure the attendance of Corporation officers at meetings as appropriate.
9. Secretary and Minutes
The Chair of the Committee will appoint a member of the Committee or other person to act as Secretary of the Committee for purposes of a meeting of the Committee. The minutes of the Committee meetings shall be in writing and duly entered into the books of the Corporation and will be circulated to all members of the Board.
10. Funding
The Corporation shall provide for appropriate funding, as determined by the Committee, for payment of
(a) compensation to any registered public accounting firm engaged for the purposes of preparing or issuing an audit report or performing other audit, review or attest services for the Corporation;
(b) compensation to any advisers employed by the Committee; and
(c) ordinary administrative expenses of the Committee that are necessary or appropriate in carry out its duties.
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Composition
The Audit Committee has been comprised of Stuart Harshaw (Chair), Diana Walters and Timothy Marlow since February 20, 2020.  All three members of the Audit Committee are independent and financially literate, meaning they are able to read and understand the Company's financial statements and to understand the breadth and level of complexity of the issues that can reasonably be expected to be raised by the Company's financial statements.
Relevant Education and Experience
In addition to each member's general business experience, the education and experience of each member of the Audit Committee that is relevant to the performance of his or her responsibilities as a member of the Audit Committee are set forth below:

Member	Experience/Education	
Stuart Harshaw, BSc.
 	A seasoned professional with a successful career in the global mining industry with Vale SA and Inco Ltd, where, among other things, he was Vice President of Ontario Operations in charge of operating six underground mines, a portfolio of processing and refining facilities in Canada and Asia, as well as marketing and sales of a broad range of concentrates and finished metals worldwide. Mr. Harshaw is President, CEO and a director of Nickel Creek Platinum Corp. and a member of the board of directors of Constantine Metal Resources Ltd. and International Tower Hill Mines Ltd. and of the Board of Governors of Laurentian University of Sudbury, Canada. Mr. Harshaw earned a BSc. in Metallurgical Engineering from Queen's University and an MBA from Laurentian University. The Board has determined that Mr. Harshaw is independent within the meaning of the NYSE American Company Guide.	
Diana Walters,
BA, MA.	Ms. Walters has over 30 years in the financial services sector and has served on the audit committee of other publicly traded companies.  Ms. Walters graduated with honours from the University of Texas at Austin with a BA in Plan II Liberal arts and an MA in Energy and Mineral Resources. Ms. Walters has worked on the natural resources sector as an equity investor, investment banker and in operating roles and has previously served as audit committee Chair of AMR.  In addition, she gained extensive investment experience with both debt and equity through leadership roles at Credit Suisse, HSBC and other firms.  The Board has determined that Ms. Walters is an audit committee financial expert within the meaning of the regulations promulgated by the SEC and is independent within the meaning of the NYSE American Company Guide.	
Timothy Marlow, C.Eng., MIMMM.	Mr. Marlow is a registered Charter Engineer in the UK with over 36 years of experience in mining engineering and mine operations in the Americas, Africa and Asia.  Mr. Marlow has held roles ranging from project engineer, services and maintenance superintendent, and general manager to Vice President of Operational Excellence for a multi mine group.  His mining and project experience span the world including specific African experience in Ghana and Zambia.  Mr. Marlow is a graduate of the Camborne School of Mines and is registered as a C.Eng, Registered Charter Engineer in the UK. He is a member of the Institute of Mining and Metallurgy UK and a Qualified Person as defined by NI-43-101 for mining.  The Board has determined that Mr. Marlow is independent within the meaning of the NYSE American Company Guide.	
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Responsibilities
See the Charter described above for disclosure on the Audit Committee's responsibilities.
Reliance on Certain Exemptions
At no time, since the commencement of the Company's most recently completed financial year has the Company relied on any of the exemptions set out in Section 2.4 (De Minimis Non-audit Services), Section 3.2 (Initial Public Offerings), Section 3.4 (Events Outside Control of Member), Section 3.5 (Death, Disability or Resignation of Audit Committee Member), Subsection 3.3(2) (Controlled Companies), 3.6 (Temporary Exemption for Limited and Exceptional Circumstances) or Section 3.8 (Acquisition of Financial Literacy) of National Instrument 52 110 - Audit Committees ("NI 52-110"), or an exemption from NI 52-110, in whole or in part, granted under Part 8 of NI 52-110.
Audit Committee Oversight
At no time since the commencement of the Company's most recently completed financial year was a recommendation of the Audit Committee to nominate or compensate an external auditor not adopted by the Board.
Pre-Approval Policies and Procedures
The Audit Committee is authorized to review the performance of the Company's independent auditors and pre-approves all audit and non-audit services to be provided to the Company by its independent auditor. Prior to granting any pre-approval, the Audit Committee must be satisfied that the performance of the services in question is not prohibited by applicable securities laws and will not compromise the independence of the independent auditor. All non-audit services performed by the Company's auditor for the fiscal years ended August 31, 2021 and August 31, 2020 have been pre-approved by the Audit Committee.
External Auditor Service Fees (By Category)
Disclosure on the aggregate fees billed by the Company's current independent auditor, PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP, during the fiscal year ended August 31, 2021 and August 31, 2020 are described under "Item 16.C. Principal Accountant Fees and Services".
Whistleblower Policy
The Audit Committee has established a Whistleblower Policy which outlines procedures for the confidential, anonymous submission by directors, officers, employees, consultants and, as appropriate, certain third parties of the Company (the "Covered Persons"), regarding the Company's compliance with all applicable government laws, rules and regulations, corporate reporting and disclosure, accounting practices, accounting controls, auditing practices and other matter relating to fraud against shareholders (the "Accounting Concerns"), without fear of retaliation of any kind.  If a Covered Person has any concerns about any of the Accounting Concerns which they consider to be questionable, incorrect, misleading or fraudulent, the Covered Person is urged to come forward with any such information, complaints or concerns, without regard to the position of the person or persons responsible for the subject matter of the relevant complaint or concern.
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The Covered Person may report their concern in writing, by telephone or e-mail and forward it to the Chairman of the Committee or to outside counsels of the Company.  All submissions will be treated on a confidential and anonymous basis, except when the Accounting Concerns refer to violation of any applicable law, rule or regulation that relates to the corporate reporting and disclosure, and to violation of the Code of Conduct, when the person making the submission must be identified for purposes of performing the investigation.  Further, the Company will not discharge, discipline, demote, suspend, threaten or in any manner discriminate against any person who submits in good faith an Accounting Concern.  Promptly following the receipt of any complaints submitted to it, the Committee will investigate each complaint and take appropriate corrective actions.  A copy of the Whistleblower Policy is posted on the Company's website at www.platinumgroupmetals.net.
Compensation Committee
Composition
The Compensation Committee has been comprised of Diana Walters (Chair), Stuart Harshaw and Timothy Marlow since February 20, 2020. All three members of the Compensation Committee are independent.
Responsibilities
The responsibilities of the Compensation Committee include but are not limited to:
• Review, approve and report to the Board annually on management's succession plans for all executive officers, other than the CEO, including specific development plans and career planning for potential successors.
• Review and recommend to the Board for approval the general compensation philosophy and guidelines for all directors and executive officers, including the CEO.  This includes incentive plan design and other remuneration.
• Review and make recommendations to the Board with respect to all options granted and RSUs awarded under the Share Compensation Plan (defined below) and all DSUs awarded under the DSU Plan (collectively the "Plans"), including the terms and conditions of those awards.
• Review and recommend to the Board the compensation, including salary, incentives, benefits and other perquisites, of all directors and executive officers, except for the CEO.
• Report on executive compensation as required in public disclosure documents.
• Review and approve corporate goals and objectives relevant to CEO compensation, evaluate the CEO's performance in light of those corporate goals and objectives, consider the Governance and Nomination Committee's report respecting the CEO's performance and recommend to the Board the CEO's compensation level based on this evaluation, including salary, incentives, benefits and other perquisites.
• Establish compensation and recruitment policies and practices for the Company's executive officers, including establishing levels of salary, incentives, benefits and other perquisites provided to executives of the Company and its subsidiaries; provided, however, that the compensation of individual executive officers shall be subject to the Board's approval.
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• Administration of the Plans and recommending to the Board awards under the plans.
• The Committee shall review all executive compensation disclosure before the Company publicly discloses this information.
• The Committee will annually review and re-assess the adequacy of the Compensation Committee charter and recommend updates to the Compensation Committee charter and will receive approval of all changes from the Board.
Governance and Nomination Committee
Composition
The Governance and Nomination Committee has been comprised of Timothy Marlow (Chair), Diana Walters and Stuart Harshaw since February 2020. All three members of the Governance and Nomination Committee are independent. 
Responsibilities
The responsibilities of the Governance and Nomination Committee include but are not limited to:
• review and make recommendations to the Board respecting corporate governance in general and regarding the Board's stewardship role in the management of the Company;
• review, approve and report to the Board on:
◾ the establishment of appropriate processes for the regular evaluation of the effectiveness of the Board and its members and its committees and their charters;
◾ in conjunction with the Chair of the Board, the performance of individual directors, the Board as a whole, and committees of the Board;
◾ the performance evaluation of the Chair of the Board and the Chair of each Board committee; and
◾ regularly, the performance evaluation of the CEO, including performance against corporate objectives. 
• CEO succession planning;
• oversee compliance with the Code of Conduct, monitor compliance with the Code of Conduct, investigate any alleged breach or violation of the Code of Conduct, authorize any waiver granted in connection with the Code of Conduct; and
• oversee compliance with any rules, regulations or guidelines promulgated by regulatory authorities relating to corporate governance.
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Environmental, Health, Safety and Technical Advisory Committee
Composition
The EHST Committee was established on April 30, 2021 and has been comprised of Stuart Harshaw (Chair), Diana Walters and Timothy Harlow since August 9, 2021. All three members of the EHST Committee are independent. 
Responsibilities
The EHST Committee is responsible for providing environmental and safety oversight, advisory support, guidance and assistance to management in respect of construction, commissioning and operation of the Company's mines, and assisting the Board in providing project oversight.  In carrying out its responsibility, the EHST Committee will review, monitor and report and make recommendations to the Board on:
·	the timing, scope and execution of any preliminary or definitive feasibility study that the Committee or the Board has determined to be material to the Company;
·	the Company entering any new material contracts (i.e., > US$5.0 Million), including, but not limited in relation to, engineering, procurement and construction, project financing and concentrate offtake;
·	the progress of any material construction undertaken, including material construction costs and the status of material contract related to construction and any dispute or litigation which may arise;
·	the steps being taken towards preparing for new operations, including the commissioning plan and the implementation of that plan, as well as the fulfillment of ongoing human resource needs;
·	the mine production plan, as proposed and revised from time to time, and the implementation of such plan;
·	mine operations and production;
·	any risks associated with any of the foregoing and originating appropriate risk management strategies for consideration by the Board;
·	overseeing the development of work practices that provide safe, healthy working conditions for all personnel including contract employees, protecting public safety, and compliance with all occupational health and safety laws and regulations;
·	work with management to develop systems for gathering of safety statistics and reporting safety results for the purpose of monitoring and managing safety performance;
·	the assessment of environmental risks and the Company's risk management programs;
·	evaluation of the Company's environmental performance from a best practices point of view including performance by the Company's contractors;
·	review of any material variances and non-compliance issues; and
·	any other matter deemed important by the EHST Committee.
D. Employees
As of August 31, 2021 the Company's complement of managers, staff and consultants in Canada consisted of approximately 5 individuals. The Company's complement of managers, staff, consultants, security and casual workers in South Africa currently consisted of approximately 9 individuals, inclusive of 2 individuals active at the Waterberg Project conducting exploration and engineering activities. The Waterberg Project is operated by the Company utilizing its own staff and personnel. Contract drilling, geotechnical, engineering and support services are utilized as required.
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E. Share Ownership
With respect to the persons listed in ITEM 6, B. Compensation, above, who are current directors, officers or employees of the Company, the following table discloses the number and percent of the Common Shares outstanding held by those persons, as of the date of this Annual Report. The Common Shares possess identical voting rights. [NTD. Info as of Aug 6, 2021 - update accordingly]

Name and Title	No. of Shares (1) (2)	Percent of Shares
Outstanding of the Class(3)	
Frank R. Hallam
Director and Interim President and CEO	23,488	*	
Diana Walters
Chairperson and Director	Nil	*	
Timothy Marlow
Director	300	*	
John A. Copelyn
Director	Nil(4)	N/A	
Stuart Harshaw
Director	Nil	*	
Gregory Blair
Interim CFO	4,846	*	
Notes:
* Less than one percent
(1) Includes beneficial, direct and indirect shareholdings for all directors other than John A. Copelyn. Please refer to Note 4 below for Mr. Copelyn's beneficial, direct and indirect shareholdings).
(2) Does not include stock options and other rights to purchase or acquire shares.
(3) There are 79,725,574 shares of Common Stock issued and outstanding as of November 24, 2021.
(4) Does not include shares owned by HCI, of which Mr. Copelyn is the Chief Executive Officer.  For a description of such shares, see "Item. 7.A - Major Shareholders".
The following table discloses the options and RSUs outstanding held by the aforementioned persons as of the date of filing of this Annual Report:

 	 	Options (1)	RSUs (2)	
 Name and Title	Date of
Grant/Award
or Issuance	# of Shares of
Common
Stock Subject
to Issuance	Exercise
Price in
CAD Per
Share	Expiry Date	# of Shares of
Common
Stock Subject
to Issuance	Maturity (3)
Date	
Frank R. Hallam
Director and Interim President and CEO	Apr 9, 2019	275,000	$2.61	Apr 9, 2024	30,255	Dec 15, 2022	
	Dec 2, 2019	300,000	$1.81	Dec 2, 2024	36,000	Dec 15, 2022	
 	Dec 16, 2020	450,000	$6.58	Dec 16, 2024	54,000	Dec 15, 2023	
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 	 	Options (1)	RSUs (2)	
 
Name and Title	Date of
Grant/Award
or Issuance	# of Shares of
Common
Stock Subject
to Issuance	Exercise
Price in
CAD Per
Share	 Expiry Date	# of Shares of
Common
Stock Subject
to Issuance	Maturity (3)
Date	
Diana Walters
Director (Chairperson)	Apr 9, 2019	16,800	$2.61	Apr 9, 2024	-	-	
	Dec 2, 2019	12,000	$1.81	Dec 2, 2024	-	-	
Timothy Marlow
Director	Apr 9, 2019	11,200	$2.61	Apr 9, 2024	-	-	
	Dec 2, 2019	8,000	$1.81	Dec 2, 2024	-	-	
John A. Copelyn
Director	Apr 9, 2019	16,800	$2.61	Apr 9, 2024	-	-	
	Dec 2, 2019	12,000	$1.81	Dec 2, 2024	-	-	
Stuart Harshaw
Director	Apr 9, 2019	11,200	$2.61	Apr 9, 2024	-	-	
	Dec 2, 2019	8,000	$1.81	Dec 2, 2024	-	-	
Gregory Blair
Interim CFO	Apr 9, 2019	25,000	$2.61	Apr 9, 2024	4,668	Dec 15, 2022	
	Dec 2, 2019	35,000	$1.81	Dec 2, 2024	9,334	Dec 15, 2022	
 	Dec 16, 2020	52,500	$6.58	Dec 16, 2024	14,000	Dec 15, 2023	
Notes:
(1) Vesting as to 33 1/3% on the first date after each of the 12, 24 and 36-month of the Date of Grant
(2) Vesting as to 33 1/3% on each of the 12, 24 and 36-month anniversary of the Date of Award.
(3) All vesting and issuance or payments, as applicable, in respect of an RSU shall be completed no later than December 15 of the 3rd calendar year commencing after the Date of Award for such RSU.
Share Compensation Plan
The Share Compensation Plan (as amended) (the "Share Compensation Plan") was initially adopted by the Company and approved by the shareholders on February 23, 2017 (the "Adoption Date"). As of the Adoption Date, the Share Compensation Plan govern all awards of RSUs and grants of options to purchase Common Shares (the "Options"). 
The Share Compensation Plan is a 10% "rolling" plan whereby the number of Common Shares which may be issuable pursuant to RSUs awarded and Options granted under the Share Compensation Plan, together with those Common Shares issuable pursuant to any other security-based compensation arrangements of the Company or its subsidiaries, is a maximum of 10% of the issued and outstanding Common Shares at the time of the award or grant.
The Share Compensation Plan provides participants (each, an "SCP Participant"), who may include participants who are citizens or residents of the United States, with the opportunity, through RSUs and Options, to acquire an ownership interest in the Company. The RSUs will rise and fall in value based on the value of the Common Shares. Unlike the Options, the RSUs will not require the payment of any monetary consideration to the Company. Instead, each RSU represents a right to receive one Common Share following the attainment of vesting criteria determined at the time of the award. The Options, on the other hand, are rights to acquire Common Shares upon payment of monetary consideration (i.e., the exercise price), subject also to vesting criteria determined at the time of the grant.
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Purpose of the Share Compensation Plan
The stated purpose of the Share Compensation Plan is to advance the interests of the Company, its subsidiaries and its shareholders by: (a) ensuring that the interests of SCP Participants are aligned with the success of the Company and its subsidiaries; (b) encouraging stock ownership by such persons; and (c) providing compensation opportunities to attract, retain and motivate such persons.
The following people will be eligible to participate in the Share Compensation Plan: any officer or employee of the Company or any officer or employee of any subsidiary of the Company and, solely for purposes of the grant of Options, any non-employee director of the Company or any non-employee director of any subsidiary of the Company, and any consultant (defined under the Share Compensation Plan as a consultant that (x) is an individual that provides bona fide services to the Company pursuant to a written contract for services with the Company and such services are not in connection with the offer or sale of securities in a capital-raising transaction and do not directly or indirectly promote or maintain a market for the Company's securities, or (y) otherwise satisfies the requirements to participate in an "employee benefit plan" as defined in Rule 405 under the U.S. Securities Act of 1933, as amended, registered by the Company on Form S-8). Non-employee directors of the Company will not be eligible to participate in the Share Compensation Plan in respect of RSUs. Under the Share Compensation Plan, non-employee directors of the Company will continue to be eligible to participate in respect of Options, however, only on a limited basis. See "Restrictions on the Award of RSUs and Grant of Options" below. Under the current Share Compensation Plan, directors of the Company have been technically eligible to participate on a discretionary basis without any limits on participation.
Administration of the Share Compensation Plan
The Share Compensation Plan is administered by the Board or such other persons as may be designated by the Board (the "SCP Administrators") based on the recommendation of the Compensation Committee. The SCP Administrators determine the eligibility of persons to participate in the Share Compensation Plan, when RSUs and Options will be awarded or granted, the number of RSUs and Options to be awarded or granted, the vesting criteria for each award of RSUs and grant of Options and all other terms and conditions of each award and grant, in each case in accordance with applicable securities laws and stock exchange requirements.
Number of Common Shares Available for Issuance under the Share Compensation Plan
The number of Common Shares available for issuance upon the vesting of RSUs awarded and Options granted under the Share Compensation Plan will be limited to 10% of the issued and outstanding Common Shares at the time of any grant.
As of November 24, 2021, the Company has 79,725,574 Common Shares issued and outstanding. Accordingly, the aggregate number of Common Shares that may be issued pursuant to the Share Compensation Plan is 7,972,557 less 4,377,513 Common Shares issuable pursuant to RSUs and options outstanding under the Share Compensation Plan.
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ITEM 7. MAJOR SHAREHOLDERS AND RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS
A. Major Shareholders
The Company is not directly or indirectly owned or controlled by another corporation(s), by any foreign government or by any other natural or legal person(s), severally or jointly.
There are no arrangements known to the Company the operation of which may at a subsequent date result in a change in control of the Company.
The following table discloses the holders of the Common Shares who are known or believed by the Company to be the beneficial owners of 5% or more of the Common Shares (the "Major Shareholders"). The percentages in the table below are based on 79,725,574 Common Shares outstanding as November 24, 2021, except as noted.

Identity of Person or Group	Amount and Nature of
Beneficial Ownership	Percent of
Class	
Hosken Consolidated Investments Limited (1)	21,297,526	26.7%	
Franklin Resources, Inc./Franklin Advisers, Inc. (2)	9,584,486	12.0%	
Notes:
(1) Based on information HCI provided to the Company as of November 22, 2021, HCI through its wholly owned subsidiary Deepkloof had sole voting and dispositive power with respect to • Common Shares.
(2) Based on information Franklin Resources, Inc./Franklin Advisors, Inc. provided to the Company as of October 27, 2021, Franklin Resources, Inc./Franklin Advisers, Inc. had sole voting and dispositive power with respect to 9,223,174 Common Shares.  Franklin Resources, Inc./Franklin Advisors, Inc. also holds an $8.0 million principal amount of convertible notes which are convertible into up to 361,312 underlying shares and which are reported in the table above.
Except as disclosed in the table above, the Company is not aware of any other person or group who owns more than 5% of the issued and outstanding Common Shares as of November 24, 2021.
In their capacity as shareholders of the Company, the Company's Major Shareholders have the same voting rights as other holders of the Common Shares.
We are aware of the following significant changes in the percentage ownership held by the foregoing Major Shareholders over the past three years:
·	HCI first became a shareholder of the Company in 2018.
·	LMM ceased to be a more than 5% shareholder of the Company in 2021.
Based on information available to the Company, as of November 4, 2021, approximately 43.69% of the Company's outstanding Common Shares were beneficially owned in the United States, by approximately 18,607 holders with U.S. addresses.
B. Related Party Transactions
For purposes of this section, a Related Party means (a) enterprises that directly or indirectly through one or more intermediaries, control or are controlled by, or are under common control with, the company; (b) associates; (c) individuals owning, directly or indirectly, an interest in the voting power of the company that gives them significant influence over the company, and close members of any such individual's family; (d) key management personnel, that is, those persons having authority and responsibility for planning, directing and controlling the activities of the company, including directors and senior management of companies and close members of such individuals' families; and (e) enterprises in which a substantial interest in the voting power is owned, directly or indirectly, by any person described in (c) or (d) or over which such a person is able to exercise significant influence.  Shareholders beneficially owning a 10% interest in the voting power of the Company are presumed to have a significant influence on the Company for purposes of this disclosure.
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Neither the Company nor any of its subsidiaries has made any loan or guarantee in favor of any Related Party, nor has any Related Party been indebted to the Company or its subsidiaries, since September 1, 2020.
Neither the Company nor any of its subsidiaries is a party to any transactions since September 1, 2020 or any presently proposed transactions involving a Related Party, which transactions are material to the Company or the Related Party or are unusual in their nature or conditions, except as follows or as described elsewhere in this Annual Report: 
(1) Franklin Advisers, Inc., a Major Shareholder, subscribed on behalf of certain funds for $8 million of the principal amount of convertible notes issued by the Company on June 30, 2017. Based on information provided to the Company as of October 27, 2021 by Franklin Advisers, Inc., the Company believes that Franklin Advisers, Inc. continues to hold such notes. Transactions relating to the convertible notes are more fully described elsewhere in this Annual Report. 
(2) HCI, a Major Shareholder, indirectly acquired through its subsidiary, Deepkloof, 1,146,790 Common Shares in the October 2020 Private Placement and 1,121,076 Common shares in the December 2020 Private Placement, as more fully described elsewhere in this Annual Report.
(3) Compensatory matters relating to the Company's directors and executive officers are described in Item 6 of this Annual Report.
C. Interests of Experts and Counsel
Not applicable.
ITEM 8. FINANCIAL INFORMATION
A. Consolidated Statements and Other Financial Information
See the audited consolidated financial statements listed in Item 18 hereof and filed as part of this Annual Report. These financial statements include the consolidated balance sheets as at August 31, 2021 and 2020 and the statements of operations and cash flows for the three years ended August 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019.
These consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with IFRS as issued by the IASB. The consolidated financial statements have been prepared under the historical cost convention.
Legal Proceedings
On August 28, 2018, the Company received a summons issued by Africa Wide in the High Court of South Africa whereby Africa Wide, formerly the holder of a 17.1% interest in Maseve, instituted legal proceedings in South Africa against the Company's wholly owned subsidiary PTM RSA, RBPlat and Maseve ("Defendants") in relation to the Maseve Sale Transaction.    Africa Wide sought to set aside the Maseve Sale Transaction, alternatively, sought that Africa Wide be paid the "true value" of its 17.1% shareholding in Maseve, to be determined at the time prior to the implementation of stage one of the Maseve Sale Transaction.  Africa Wide averred that (i) pursuant to the term sheet pertaining to the Maseve Sale Transaction the Defendants disposed of Maseve's main asset (allegedly the plant) without Africa Wide's consent as required under the Maseve shareholders agreement; (ii) such disposal significantly devalued its shares in Maseve which (iii) resulted in the disposal of Africa Wide's shares in Maseve through a drag-along provision in Maseve's constitutional documents and (iv) that Africa Wide did not have an election to refuse to dispose of its shareholding. 
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On November 21, 2018, in the High Court of South Africa, RBPlat, as second defendant, filed exceptions to Africa Wide's "particulars of claim on the grounds that they were vague and embarrassing and/or lacked averments necessary to sustain a cause of action". The Company, as first defendant, was not required to file any motion or heads of arguments related to the Africa Wide particulars of claim until such time as the exceptions filed by RBPlat were heard and ruled upon by the High Court. 
Both Africa Wide and RBPlat filed heads of arguments relating to RBPlat's exceptions with the High Court on or around March 11, 2019. Subsequently, on March 27, 2019, the High Court in Johannesburg held a hearing at which RBPlat's exceptions were argued before two judges. Following the hearing, the judges ordered that RBPlat's exceptions be upheld.  Africa Wide was also ordered to pay costs. 
On April 17, 2019, Africa Wide filed amended particulars of claim with the High Court of South Africa, wherein Africa Wide seeks to set aside the Maseve Sale Transaction. Africa Wide claims (i) that pursuant to the definitive legal agreements pertaining to the Maseve Sale Transaction the Defendants disposed of Maseve's main asset (allegedly the plant and certain surface assets) without Africa Wide's consent as required under the Maseve shareholders agreement; (ii) had it not been for such disposal, Africa Wide would not have disposed of its shares in Maseve; and (iii) that Africa Wide was forced to dispose of its shares in Maseve. In the alternative, Africa Wide seeks merely to set aside the sale of the plant and certain surface assets. Senior counsel for RBPlat and PTM RSA have both reviewed the amended particulars of claim as filed by Africa Wide. 
On May 9, 2019, the Company filed notice in the High Court calling upon Africa Wide to produce those agreements and documents upon which it has based its claim.  Africa Wide has declined to produce those documents.
Statements of defence have separately been filed by the Company and by RBPlat and Maseve. In each instance the statements of defence include a special plea of nonjoinder. The Defendants contend that other entities, having a direct and substantial interest in the relief which Africa Wide seeks, ought to have been joined by Africa Wide as defendants in these proceedings. Following a case management meeting held before the two judges, and upon a hearing having been scheduled in regard to the special pleas of nonjoinder, Africa Wide made the decision to proceed with a joinder application (and the need for a special hearing in regard to the pleas of nonjoinder was averted). Africa Wide has now filed further amended particulars of claim in an attempt to correct the non-joinder issue and the Company has filed an amended statement of defence pursuant thereto.
On November 12, 2020, Africa Wide delivered yet a further amendment to its particulars of claim.  Africa Wide, in terms of these further amended particulars of claim, seeks to set aside the Maseve Sale Transaction, and an order directing that RBPlat return to Maseve all assets received by it pursuant to the sale transaction, and that the shares transferred pursuant thereto, be returned to it. In consequence of this development a case management meeting followed before the judge allocated to deal with this matter, and the judge directed that the matter proceed in accordance with the practice directive pertaining to commercial court matters.
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The matter proceeded to trial in the High Court over the period October 4 to 8, 2021.  Final heads of argument are scheduled to be filed in the High Court by Africa Wide by October 29, 2021 and by the defendants by November 9, 2021.  Final arguments before the High Court have been scheduled for March 1 and 2, 2022.  A ruling by the court would then be expected in the following weeks after final arguments are heard.
While both the Company and RBPlat believe and have been so advised by their respective legal counsel, that the Africa Wide action is factually and legally defective, no assurance can be provided that the Company will prevail in this action.
Tax Audit South Africa
During the 2014, 2015 and 2016 fiscal years, PTM RSA claimed unrealized foreign exchange differences as income tax deductions in its South African corporate tax returns in the amount of Rand 1.4 billion. The exchange losses emanate from a Canadian Dollar denominated shareholder loan advanced to PTM RSA and weakening of the Rand. Under applicable South African tax legislation, exchange losses can be claimed in the event that the shareholder loan is classified as a current liability as determined by IFRS. 
For the years in question, the intercompany debt was classified as current in PTM RSA's audited financial statements. During 2018, the South African Revenue Service, or SARS, conducted an income tax audit of the 2014 to 2016 years of assessment and issued PTM RSA with a letter of audit findings on November 5, 2018. SARS proposed that the exchange losses be disallowed on the basis that SARS was not in agreement with the reclassification of the shareholder loan as a current liability. SARS also invited the Company to provide further information and arguments if we disagreed with the audit findings.
The Company and its advisors responded to SARS during 2019 and refuted the issues raised.
On June 30, 2020, the Company received a letter from SARS reporting the finalization of the above income tax audit with no reassessment or adjustment to the Company's tax returns for the three years audited.
Dividend Policy
We have not declared any dividends since incorporation and do not anticipate doing so in the foreseeable future. The following restrictions could prevent the Company from paying dividends or distributions:
·	The exchange controls of the Government of South Africa. See Item 4.B. - South African Regulatory Framework;
·	In 2012, the Government of South Africa replaced the longstanding secondary tax on corporations with a dividend tax levied on shareholders. Before the new dividend tax became law, secondary tax on corporations had been levied at a rate of 10% on all dividends declared by companies resident in South Africa. The current rate of dividends tax is 20%. Under an existing tax treaty between Canada and South Africa, the effective rate under the new dividend tax in South Africa on dividends paid from PTM RSA to the Company will be 5% of the gross amount of dividends, provided the Company continues to hold at least 10% of the capital of PTM RSA. Dividend taxes are to be withheld by corporations in South Africa on behalf of shareholders and remitted to the South African Revenue Service; and
148

·	The 2019 Sprott Facility specifies that the Company may not declare and pay dividends during the term of the 2019 Sprott Facility, except with the prior written consent of the Sprott Lenders.
The Company has no current dividend or distribution policy and has no present intention to change its dividend or distribution policy, as it anticipates that all available funds will be invested to finance the growth of its business. The Company's directors will determine if and when dividends should be declared and paid in the future based on the Company's financial position at the relevant time.
B. Significant Changes
There have been no significant changes since August 31, 2021, except as otherwise discussed herein.
ITEM 9. THE OFFER AND LISTING
A. Offer and Listing Details
There is no offer associated with this Annual Report.
Trading History
The following table sets forth the high and low market prices for the Common Shares on the TSX and on the NYSE American for each full quarterly period within the two most recent fiscal years ended August 31st and any subsequent period:

PERIOD	TSX
HIGH CDN$	TSX
LOW CDN$	NYSE AMERICAN
HIGH USD$	NYSE AMERICAN
LOW USD$	
2021	 	 	 	 	
Fourth Quarter	5.05	3.20	4.52	2.47	
Third Quarter	6.61	4.15	5.34	3.27	
Second Quarter	8.00	2.94	6.27	2.26	
First Quarter	3.42	2.26	2.65	1.70	
2020	 	 	 	 	
Fourth Quarter	3.45	1.87	2.60	1.37	
Third Quarter	2.60	1.33	1.97	0.94	
Second Quarter	3.60	1.76	2.75	1.32	
First Quarter	2.50	1.73	1.89	1.31	
The following table sets forth the high and low market prices of the Common Shares for the five most recent fiscal years ended August 31:
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YEARS ENDING
AUG. 31	TSX
HIGH CDN$	TSX
LOW CDN$	NYSE AMERICAN
HIGH USD$	NYSE AMERICAN
LOW USD$	
2021	8.00	3.20	6.27	2.47	
2020	3.60	1.33	2.75	0.94	
2019	2.89	1.40	2.17	1.05	
2018	8.60	1.20	6.96	0.90	
2017	38.70	6.50	30.00	5.17	
The following table sets forth the high and low market prices for the most recent six months:

MONTH	TSX
HIGH CDN$	TSX
LOW CDN$	NYSE AMERICAN
HIGH USD$	NYSE AMERICAN
LOW USD$	
October 2021	3.13	2.44	2.53	1.93	
September 2021	3.66	2.29	2.92	1.79	
August 2021	3.98	3.20	3.20	2.47	
July 2021	4.64	3.56	3.72	2.78	
June 2021	5.40	4.22	4.52	3.41	
May 2021	6.48	4.89	5.33	4.04	
The closing price of the Common Shares on November 19, 2021 was C$3.300 on the TSX and $2.6200 on the NYSE American.
There have been no trading suspensions in the prior three years.
B. Plan of Distribution
Not applicable.
C. Markets
The Common Shares are listed on the TSX under the symbol "PTM" and on the NYSE American under the symbol "PLG".
D. Selling Shareholders
Not applicable.
E. Dilution
Not applicable.
F. Expenses of the Issue
Not applicable.
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ITEM 10. ADDITIONAL INFORMATION
A. Share Capital
Not applicable.
B. Memorandum and Articles of Association
Incorporation
The Company was formed by way of an amalgamation of Platinum Group Metals Ltd. and New Millennium Metals Corporation on February 18, 2002 under the Company Act (British Columbia) pursuant to an order of the Court. The Company was transitioned to the BCBCA on January 25, 2005. The Company's British Columbia incorporation number is BC0642278.
Objects and Purposes
Neither the Notice of Articles nor the Articles contain a limitation on objects and purposes.
Directors
Part 17 of the Articles deals with the directors' involvement in transactions in which they have an interest. Article 17.2 provides that a director who holds a disclosable interest in a contract or transaction into which the Company has entered or proposes to enter is not entitled to vote on any directors' resolution to approve that contract or transaction, unless all the directors have a disclosable interest in that contract or transaction, in which case any or all of those directors may vote on such resolution.
Pursuant to the BCBCA, a director does not have a disclosable interest in a contract or transaction merely because the contract or transaction relates to the remuneration of the director in that person's capacity as a director of the Company.
Part 8 of the Articles deals with borrowing powers. The Company, if authorized by the directors, may: (i) borrow money in the manner and amount, on the security, from the sources and on the terms and conditions that they consider appropriate; (ii) issue bonds, debentures and other debt obligations either outright or as security for any liability or obligation of the Company or any other person and at such discounts or premiums and on such other terms as they consider appropriate; (iii) guarantee the repayment of money by any other person or the performance of any obligation of any other person; and (iv) mortgage, charge (whether by way of specific or floating charge), grant a security interest in, or give other security on, the whole or any part of the present and future assets and undertaking of the Company.
Qualifications of Directors
The Articles do not specify a retirement age for directors.
Directors are not required to own any Common Shares of the Company.
Section 124 of the BCBCA provides that an individual is not qualified to become or act as a director of a company if that individual is:
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1. under the age of 18 years;
2. found by a court, in Canada or elsewhere, to be incapable of managing the individual's own affairs;
3. an undischarged bankrupt; or
4. convicted in or out of the Province of British Columbia of an offence in connection with the promotion, formation or management of a corporation or unincorporated business, or of an offence involving fraud, unless:
a. the court orders otherwise;
b. 5 years have elapsed since the last to occur of:
i. the expiration of the period set for suspension of the passing of sentence without a sentence having been passed;
ii. the imposition of a fine;
iii. the conclusion of the term of any imprisonment; and
iv. the conclusion of the term of any probation imposed; or
c. a pardon was granted or issued, or a record suspension ordered, under the Criminal Records Act (Canada) and the pardon or record suspension, as the case may be, has not been revoked or ceased to have effect.
A director who ceases to be qualified to act as a director of the Company must promptly resign.
Section 120 of the BCBCA provides that every company must have at least one director, and a public company must have at least three directors.
Rights, Preference and Restrictions
All of the shares in the authorized share structure of the Company are of the same class, being the Common Shares and, once issued, rank equally as to dividends, voting powers, and participation in assets and in all other respects, on liquidation, dissolution or winding up of the Company, whether voluntary or involuntary, or any other distribution of its assets among its shareholders for the purpose of winding up its affairs after the Company have paid out its liabilities. The issued Common Shares are not subject to call or assessment rights or any pre-emptive or conversion rights. The shareholders of the Company are entitled to one vote for each Common Share on all matters to be voted on by the shareholders of the Company. There are no provisions for redemption, purchase for cancellation, surrender or sinking funds, and there are no provisions discriminating against any existing or prospective holder of Common Shares as a result of such shareholder owning a substantial number of Common Shares.
The rights of shareholders of the Company may be altered only with the approval of the holders of 2/3 or more of the Common Shares voted at a meeting of the Company's shareholders called and held in accordance with the Articles and applicable law.
Shareholder Meetings
The BCBCA provides that: (i) a general meeting of shareholders must be held in the Province of British Columbia, unless otherwise provided in the Company's Articles or unless the general meeting is fully electronic meeting (Article 10.4 of the Articles provides that a meeting of shareholders of the Company may be held in or outside of the Province of British Columbia as determined by a resolution of the directors); (ii) the Company must hold an annual general meeting of shareholders not later than 15 months after the last preceding annual general meeting and once in every calendar year; (iii) for the purpose of determining shareholders entitled to receive notice of or vote at a meeting of shareholders, the directors may set a date as the record date for that determination, provided that such date shall not precede by more than 2 months (or, in the case of a general meeting requisitioned by shareholders under the BCBCA, by more than 4 months) or be less than 21 days before the date on which the meeting is to be held; (iv) a quorum for the transaction of business at a meeting of shareholders of the Company is the quorum established by the Articles (Article 11.3 of the Articles provide that the quorum for the transaction of business at a meeting of shareholders is two persons who are, or who represent by proxy, shareholders who, in the aggregate, hold at least 5% of the issued shares entitled to be voted at the meeting); (v) the holders of not less than 5% of the issued shares entitled to vote at a meeting may requisition the directors to call a meeting of shareholders for the purpose of transacting any business that may be transacted at a general meeting; and (vi) the Court may, on its own motion or on the application of the Company, upon the application of a director or the application of a shareholder entitled to vote at the meeting: (a) order that a meeting of shareholders be called, held and conducted in a manner that the Court considers appropriate; and (b) give directions it considers necessary as to the call, holding and conduct of the meeting.
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Limitations on Ownership of Securities
Except as provided in the Investment Canada Act, there are no limitations specific to the rights of non-Canadians to hold or vote the Common Shares under the laws of Canada or the Province of British Columbia or in the Company's constating documents.  See "Exchange Controls" below in this Annual Report for a discussion of the principal features of the Investment Canada Act for non-Canadian residents proposing to acquire the Common Shares.
Change in Control
There are no provisions in the Articles or Company's constating documents that would have the effect of delaying, deferring or preventing a change in the control of the Company, or that would operate with respect to any proposed merger, acquisition or corporate restructuring involving its company or any of its subsidiaries.
Ownership Threshold
There are no provisions in the Articles requiring share ownership to be disclosed. Securities legislation in Canada requires that shareholder ownership (as well as ownership of an interest in, or right or obligation associated with, a related financial instrument of a security of the Company) must be disclosed once a person beneficially owns or has control or direction over, directly or indirectly, securities of a reporting issuer carrying more than 10%  of the voting rights attached to all the reporting issuer's outstanding voting securities. This threshold is higher than the 5% threshold under U.S. securities legislation at which stockholders must report their share ownership.
Changes to Capital
There are no conditions imposed by the Articles governing changes in the rights of holders of Common Shares where such conditions are more significant than is required by the laws of the Province of British Columbia.
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Description of Capital Structure
The Company's authorized share structure consists of an unlimited number of Common Shares without par value, of which 79,725,574 Common Shares, 536,992 RSUs and 3,840,521 Options were issued and outstanding as of November 22, 2021.  All of the issued Common Shares are fully paid. The Company does not own any of its Common Shares.
Common Shares
All of the shares in the authorized share structure of the Company are of the same class, being the Common Shares and, once issued, rank equally as to dividends, voting powers, and participation in assets and in all other respects, on liquidation, dissolution or winding up of the Company, whether voluntary or involuntary, or any other distribution of its assets among its shareholders for the purpose of winding up its affairs after the Company have paid out its liabilities. The issued Common Shares are not subject to call or assessment rights or any pre-emptive or conversion rights. The shareholders of the Company are entitled to one vote for each Common Share on all matters to be voted on by the shareholders of the Company. There are no provisions for redemption, purchase for cancellation, surrender or sinking funds, and there are no provisions discriminating against any existing or prospective holder of Common Shares as a result of such shareholder owning a substantial number of Common Shares.
The rights of shareholders of the Company may be altered only with the approval of the holders of 2/3 or more of the Common Shares voted at a meeting of the Company's shareholders called and held in accordance with the Articles and applicable law.
Restricted Share Units
The total number of RSUs that may be awarded under the Share Compensation Plan shall not exceed 2.5% of the issued and outstanding Common Shares from time to time. RSUs vest as to 33 1/3% on each of the 12, 24 and 36 month anniversary of the award date. All vesting and issuances or payments, as applicable, in respect of a RSU shall be completed no later than December 15 of the 3rd calendar year commencing after the award date for such RSU.
The following table sets out the number of Common Shares issuable pursuant to outstanding RSUs as of the date hereof, along with the award date and expiry date of the RSUs.

No. of RSUs	Award Date	Expiry Date	
117,010	April 9, 2019	December 15, 2022	
171,195	December 2, 2019	December 15, 2022	
226,787	December 16, 2020	December 15, 2023	
22,000	August 9, 2021	December 15, 2024	
Options
The total number of Common Shares that may be issuable on exercise of Options under the Share Compensation Plan shall not exceed 7.5% of the number of issued and outstanding Common Shares from time to time. The following table sets out the number of Common Shares issuable pursuant to outstanding Options as of the date hereof, along with the exercise price and expiry of the Options.
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No. of Options	Exercise Price per Option	Expiry Date	
 1,048,502	$2.61	April 9, 2024	
1,153,519	$1.81	December 2, 2024	
1,497,500	$6.58	December 16, 2025	
99,000	$3.90	August 9, 2026	
42,000	$3.40	September 10, 2026	
C. Material Contracts
Neither the Company nor its subsidiaries has been a party within the two years immediately preceding the publication of this Annual Report to a contract that is material to the Company, except for (i) contracts entered into in the ordinary course of business, and (ii) contracts discussed elsewhere in this Annual Report.
D. Exchange Controls
Canada has no system of exchange controls. There are no Canadian governmental laws, decrees, or regulations relating to restrictions on the repatriation of capital or earnings of the Company to non-resident investors. There are no laws in Canada or exchange control restrictions affecting the remittance of dividends, profits, interest, royalties and other payments by the Company to non-resident holders of the Common Shares, except as discussed below under "Item 10.E. Taxation."
There are no limitations under the laws of Canada or in the organizing documents of the Company on the right of foreigners to hold or vote securities of the Company, except that the Investment Canada Act may require that a "non-Canadian" not acquire "control" of the Company without prior review and approval by the Minister of Innovation, Science and Economic Development. The acquisition of one-third or more of the voting shares of the Company would give rise a rebuttable presumption of the acquisition of control, and the acquisition of more than fifty percent of the voting shares of the Company would be deemed to be an acquisition of control. In addition, the Investment Canada Act provides the Canadian government with broad discretionary powers in relation to national security to review and potentially prohibit, condition or require the divestiture of, any investment in the Company by a non-Canadian, including non-control level investments. "Non-Canadian" generally means an individual who is neither a Canadian citizen nor a permanent resident of Canada within the meaning of the Immigration and Refugee Protection Act (Canada) who has been ordinarily resident in Canada for not more than one year after the time at which he or she first became eligible to apply for Canadian citizenship, or a corporation, partnership, trust or joint venture that is ultimately controlled by non-Canadians.
E. Taxation
Canadian Federal Income Tax Consequences
The following is, as of the date hereof, a general summary of the principal Canadian federal income tax considerations under the Tax Act and the regulations thereunder (the "Regulations") generally applicable to a beneficial holder of Common Shares who, at all relevant times, for the purposes of the Tax Act, (i) deals at arm's length with the Company, (ii) is not affiliated with the Company, (iii) holds such Common Shares as capital property, (iv) is neither resident nor deemed to be resident in Canada, (v) does not use or hold, and will not be deemed to use or hold, Common Shares in or in the course of carrying on a business in Canada, and (vi)  is a resident of the United States for purposes of the Canada-United States Income Tax Convention (1980) (the "Canada-U.S. Tax Convention"), and is a "qualifying person" within the meaning of the Canada-U.S. Tax Convention (each, a "US Resident Holder"). In some circumstances, persons deriving amounts through fiscally transparent entities (including limited liability companies) may be entitled to benefits under the Canada-U.S. Tax Convention. US Resident Holders are urged to consult their own tax advisors to determine their entitlement to benefits under the Canada-U.S. Tax Convention based on their particular circumstances.
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Common Shares will generally be considered to be capital property to a US Resident Holder unless the US Resident Holder holds or uses the Common Shares or is deemed to hold or use the Common Shares in the course of carrying on a business of trading or dealing in securities or has acquired them or deemed to have acquired them in a transaction or transactions considered to be an adventure or concern in the nature of trade.
This summary does not apply to a US Resident Holder (i) that is a "financial institution" for purposes of the mark to market rules contained in the Tax Act; (ii) an interest in which is or would constitute a "tax shelter investment" as defined in the Tax Act; (iii) that is a "specified financial institution" as defined in the Tax Act; (iv) that is a corporation that does not deal at arm's length for purposes of the Tax Act with a corporation resident in Canada and that is or becomes as part of a transaction or event or series of transactions or events that includes the acquisition of the Common Shares, controlled by a non-resident corporation for the purposes of the foreign affiliate dumping rules in Section 212.3 of the Tax Act; (v) that reports its "Canadian tax results" in a currency other than Canadian currency, all as defined in the Tax Act; (vi) that is exempt from tax under the Tax Act; or (vii) that has entered into, or will enter into, a "synthetic disposition arrangement" or a "derivative forward agreement" with respect to the Common Shares, as those terms are defined in the Tax Act.  Such US Resident Holders should consult their own tax advisors with respect to their holding of Common Shares.
Special considerations, which are not discussed in this summary, may apply to a US Resident Holder that is an insurer that carries on an insurance business in Canada and elsewhere or an authorized foreign bank (as defined in the Tax Act). Such US Resident Holders should consult their own advisors.
This summary does not address the deductibility of interest by a US Resident Holder who has borrowed money or otherwise incurred debt in connection with the acquisition of Common Shares.
This summary is based upon the current provisions of the Tax Act and the Regulations in force as of the date hereof, specific proposals to amend the Tax Act and the Regulations (the "Tax Proposals") which have been announced by or on behalf the Minister of Finance (Canada) prior to the date hereof, the current provisions of the Canada-U.S. Tax Convention, and counsel's understanding of the current published administrative policies and assessing practices of the Canada Revenue Agency (the "CRA"). This summary assumes that the Tax Proposals will be enacted in the form proposed and does not take into account or anticipate any other changes in law, whether by way of judicial, legislative or governmental decision or action, nor does it take into account provincial, territorial or foreign income tax legislation or considerations, which may differ from the Canadian federal income tax considerations discussed herein. No assurances can be given that the Tax Proposals will be enacted as proposed or at all, or that legislative, judicial or administrative changes will not modify or change the statements expressed herein.
This summary is not exhaustive of all possible Canadian federal income tax considerations applicable to the holding of Common Shares. This summary is of a general nature only and is not intended to be, nor should it be construed to be, legal or income tax advice to any particular US Resident Holder. US Resident Holders should consult their own income tax advisors with respect to the tax consequences applicable to them based on their own particular circumstances.
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Amounts Determined in Canadian Dollars
Generally, for purposes of the Tax Act, all amounts relating to the Common Shares must be expressed in Canadian Dollars, including cost, adjusted cost base, proceeds of disposition, and dividends, and amounts denominated in U.S. dollars must be converted to Canadian Dollars using single daily exchange rate published by the Bank of Canada on the particular date the particular amount arose, or such other rate of exchange as may be accepted by the CRA. US Resident Holders may therefore realize additional income or gain by virtue of changes in foreign exchange rates and are advised to consult with their own tax advisors in this regard. Currency tax issues are not discussed further in this summary.
Dividends of Common Shares
Subject to an applicable international tax treaty or convention, dividends paid or credited, or deemed to be paid or credited, to a non-resident of Canada on the Common Shares will be subject to Canadian withholding tax under the Tax Act at the rate of 25% of the gross amount of the dividend. Such rate is generally reduced under the Canada-U.S. Tax Convention to 15% if the beneficial owner of such dividend is a US Resident Holder. The rate of withholding tax is further reduced to 5% if the beneficial owner of such dividend is a US Resident Holder that is a company that owns, directly or indirectly, at least 10% of the voting stock of the Company. In addition, under the Canada-U.S. Tax Convention, dividends may be exempt from such Canadian withholding tax if paid to certain US Resident Holders that are qualifying religious, scientific, literary, educational, or charitable tax exempt organizations or qualifying trusts, companies, organizations, or arrangements operated exclusively to administer or provide pension, retirement, or employee benefits or benefits for the self-employed under one or more funds or plans established to provide pension or retirement benefits or other employee benefits that are exempt from tax in the United States and that have complied with specific administrative procedures.
Disposition of Common Shares
A US Resident Holder will not be subject to tax under the Tax Act in respect of any capital gain realized by such US Resident Holder on a disposition of Common Shares unless the Common Shares constitute "taxable Canadian property" (as defined in the Tax Act) of the US Resident Holder at the time of the disposition and are not "treaty-protected property" (as defined in the Tax Act) of the US Resident Holder at the time of the disposition.
Generally, as long as the Common Shares are listed on a designated stock exchange (which currently includes the TSX and the NYSE American) at the time of its disposition, the Common Shares will not constitute taxable Canadian property of a US Resident Holder, unless at any time during the 60 month period immediately preceding the disposition the following two conditions are met concurrently: (a) the US Resident Holder, persons with which the US Resident Holder does not deal at arm's length, partnerships whose members include, either directly or indirectly through one or more partnerships, the US Resident Holder or persons which do not deal at arm's length with the US Resident Holder, or any combination of them, owned 25% or more of the issued shares of any class or series of shares of the authorized share structure of the Company, and (b) more than 50% of the fair market value of the Common Shares was derived directly or indirectly, from one or any combination of real or immovable property situated in Canada, "Canadian resource properties", "timber resource properties" (each as defined in the Tax Act), and options in respect of or interests in, or for civil law rights in, any such property (whether or not such property exists). The Tax Act may also deem Common Shares to be taxable Canadian property to a US Resident Holder in certain circumstances.
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Even if the Common Shares are considered to be taxable Canadian property to a US Resident Holder, the US Resident Holder will not be subject to tax under the Tax Act in respect of any capital gain realized by such US Resident Holder on a disposition of Common Shares if the Common Shares are "treaty-protected property" of the US Resident Holder at the time of the disposition. The Common Shares of such US Resident Holder will generally constitute "treaty-protected property" for purposes of the Tax Act unless the value of the Common Shares is derived principally from real property situated in Canada.  For this purpose, "real property" has the meaning that term has under the laws of Canada and includes any option or similar right in respect thereof and usufruct of real property, rights to explore for or to exploit mineral deposits, sources and other natural resources and rights to amounts computed by reference to the amount or value of production from such resources.
Taxation of Capital Gains and Losses
If the Common Shares are taxable Canadian property of a US Resident Holder and are not treaty-protected property of that US Resident Holder at the time of the disposition, that US Resident Holder will realize a capital gain (or incur a capital loss) equal to the amount by which the proceeds of disposition in respect of the Common Shares exceed (or are exceeded by) the aggregate of the adjusted cost base to the Resident Holder of such Common Shares immediately before the disposition and any reasonable expenses incurred for the purpose of making the disposition.
Generally, one half of any capital gain (a "taxable capital gain") realized by a US Resident Holder must be included in the US Resident Holder's income for the taxation year in which the disposition occurs. Subject to and in accordance with the provisions of the Tax Act, one half of any capital loss incurred by a Resident Holder (an "allowable capital loss") must generally be deducted from taxable capital gains realized by the Resident Holder in the taxation year in which the disposition occurs. Allowable capital losses in excess of taxable capital gains for the taxation year of disposition generally may be carried back and deducted in the three preceding taxation years or carried forward and deducted in any subsequent year against taxable capital gains realized in such years, in the circumstances and to the extent provided in the Tax Act.
US Resident Holders whose Common Shares are taxable Canadian property should consult their own advisors.
United States Federal Income Tax Considerations
The following is a general summary of certain material U.S. federal income tax considerations applicable to a U.S. Holder (as defined herein) arising from and relating to the ownership and disposition of shares of Common Stock. This summary is for general information purposes only and does not purport to be a complete analysis or listing of all potential U.S. federal income tax considerations that may apply to a U.S. Holder arising from or relating to the ownership and disposition of shares of Common Stock. In addition, this summary does not take into account the individual facts and circumstances of any particular U.S. Holder that may affect the U.S. federal income tax consequences to such U.S. Holder, including specific tax consequences to a U.S. Holder under an applicable tax treaty. Accordingly, this summary is not intended to be, and should not be construed as, legal or U.S. federal income tax advice with respect to any U.S. Holder. This summary does not address the U.S. federal alternative minimum, U.S. federal net investment income, U.S. federal estate and gift, U.S. state and local, and non-U.S. tax consequences to U.S. Holders of the ownership and disposition of shares of Common Stock. In addition, except as specifically set forth below, this summary does not discuss applicable income tax reporting requirements. Each prospective U.S. Holder should consult its own tax advisors regarding the U.S. federal, U.S. federal alternative minimum, U.S. federal net investment income, U.S. federal estate and gift, U.S. state and local, and non-U.S. tax consequences relating to the ownership and disposition of shares of Common Stock.
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No legal opinion from U.S. legal counsel or ruling from the Internal Revenue Service (the "IRS") has been requested, or will be obtained, regarding the U.S. federal income tax consequences of the ownership and disposition of shares of Common Stock. This summary is not binding on the IRS, and the IRS is not precluded from taking a position that is different from, or contrary to, the positions taken in this summary. In addition, because the authorities on which this summary is based are subject to various interpretations, the IRS and the U.S. courts could disagree with one or more of the conclusions described in this summary.
Scope of this Summary
Authorities
This summary is based on the Code, Treasury Regulations (whether final, temporary, or proposed), published rulings of the IRS, published administrative positions of the IRS, the Canada-U.S. Tax Convention, and U.S. court decisions that are available as of the date of this document. Any of the authorities on which this summary is based could be changed in a material and adverse manner at any time, and any such change could be applied on a retroactive or prospective basis, which could affect the U.S. federal income tax considerations described in this summary. Except as provided herein, this summary does not discuss the potential effects of any proposed legislation.
U.S. Holders
For purposes of this summary, the term "U.S. Holder" means a beneficial owner of shares of Common Stock that is for U.S. federal income tax purposes:
• a citizen or individual resident of the United States;
• a corporation (or other entity taxable as a corporation for U.S. federal income tax purposes) organized under the laws of the United States, any state thereof or the District of Columbia;
• an estate whose income is subject to U.S. federal income taxation regardless of its source; or
• a trust that (1) is subject to the primary supervision of a court within the U.S. and the control of one or more U.S. persons for all substantial decisions or (2) has a valid election in effect under applicable Treasury Regulations to be treated as a U.S. person.
U.S. Holders Subject to Special U.S. Federal Income Tax Rules Not Addressed
This summary does not address the U.S. federal income tax considerations applicable to U.S. Holders that are subject to special provisions under the Code, including, but not limited to U.S. Holders that: (a) are tax-exempt organizations, qualified retirement plans, individual retirement accounts, or other tax-deferred accounts; (b) are financial institutions, underwriters, insurance companies, real estate investment trusts, or regulated investment companies; (c) are broker-dealers, dealers, or traders in securities or currencies that elect to apply a mark-to-market accounting method; (d) have a "functional currency" other than the U.S. dollar; (e) own shares of Common Stock as part of a straddle, hedging transaction, conversion transaction, constructive sale, or other integrated transaction; (f) acquired shares of Common Stock in connection with the exercise of employee stock options or otherwise as compensation for services; (g) hold shares of Common Stock other than as a capital asset within the meaning of Section 1221 of the Code (generally, property held for investment purposes); (h) are subject to the alternative minimum tax; (i) are subject to special tax accounting rules; (j) are partnerships, S corporations and other pass-through entities or arrangements; (k) are U.S. expatriates or former long-term residents of the United States; (l) are subject to taxing jurisdictions other than, or in addition to, the United States; or (m) own or have owned or will own (directly, indirectly, or by attribution) 10% or more of the total combined voting power or value of the outstanding shares of the Company. U.S. Holders that are subject to special provisions under the Code, including, but not limited to, U.S. Holders described immediately above, should consult their own tax advisors regarding the U.S. federal, U.S. federal alternative minimum, U.S. federal net investment income, U.S. federal estate and gift, U.S. state and local, and non-U.S. tax consequences relating to the ownership and disposition of shares of Common Stock.
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In particular, it is noted that the Company may be or may become a "controlled foreign corporation" for U.S. federal income tax purposes, and therefore, if a U.S. Holder is a U.S. shareholder owning 10% or more of the Company's stock (by vote or value) directly, indirectly and/or under the applicable attribution rules, the U.S. federal income tax consequences to such U.S. Holder of owning shares of Common Stock may be significantly different than those described below in several respects. If a U.S. Holder owns 10% or more of the Company's stock (by vote or value) directly, indirectly and/or under the applicable attribution rules, such holder should consult its own tax advisors regarding the U.S. federal income tax rules applicable to an investment in a controlled foreign corporation.
If an entity or arrangement that is classified as a partnership (or other "pass-through" entity) for U.S. federal income tax purposes holds shares of Common Stock, the U.S. federal income tax consequences to such entity and the partners (or other owners) of such entity generally will depend on the activities of the entity and the status of such partners (or owners). This summary does not address the tax consequences to any such entity or owner. Partners (or other owners) of entities or arrangements that are classified as partnerships or as "pass-through" entities for U.S. federal income tax purposes should consult their own tax advisors regarding the U.S. federal income tax consequences arising from and relating to the ownership and disposition of shares of Common Stock.
Passive Foreign Investment Company Rules
PFIC Status of the Company
If the Company were to constitute a "passive foreign investment company" under the meaning of Section 1297 of the Code (a "PFIC", as defined below) for any year during a U.S. Holder's holding period, then certain potentially adverse rules may affect the U.S. federal income tax consequences to a U.S. Holder as a result of the acquisition, ownership and disposition of shares of Common Stock.  Based on current business plans and financial expectations, the Company believes that it may be a PFIC for its current tax year ending August 31, 2022 and may be a PFIC in future tax years.  No opinion of legal counsel or ruling from the IRS concerning the status of the Company as a PFIC has been obtained or is currently planned to be requested.  The determination of whether any corporation was, or will be, a PFIC for a tax year depends, in part, on the application of complex U.S. federal income tax rules, which are subject to differing interpretations.  In addition, whether any corporation will be a PFIC for any tax year depends on the assets and income of such corporation over the course of each such tax year and, as a result, cannot be predicted with certainty as of the date of this document.  Accordingly, there can be no assurance that the IRS will not challenge any determination made by the Company (or any subsidiary of the Company) concerning its PFIC status.  Each U.S. Holder should consult its own tax advisors regarding the PFIC status of the Company and each subsidiary of the Company.
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In any year in which the Company is classified as a PFIC, a U.S. Holder will be required to file an annual report with the IRS containing such information as Treasury Regulations and/or other IRS guidance may require.  In addition to penalties, a failure to satisfy such reporting requirements may result in an extension of the time period during which the IRS can assess a tax.  U.S. Holders should consult their own tax advisors regarding the requirements of filing such information returns under these rules, including the requirement to file an IRS Form 8621 annually.
The Company generally will be a PFIC if, for a tax year, (a) 75% or more of the gross income of the Company is passive income (the "PFIC income test") or (b) 50% or more of the value of the Company's assets either produce passive income or are held for the production of passive income, based on the quarterly average of the fair market value of such assets (the "PFIC asset test"). "Gross income" generally includes all sales revenues less the cost of goods sold, plus income from investments and from incidental or outside operations or sources, and "passive income" generally includes, for example, dividends, interest, certain rents and royalties, certain gains from the sale of stock and securities, and certain gains from commodities transactions. Active business gains arising from the sale of commodities generally are excluded from passive income if substantially all of a foreign corporation's commodities are stock in trade or inventory, depreciable property used in a trade or business, or supplies regularly used or consumed in the ordinary course of its trade or business, and certain other requirements are satisfied.
For purposes of the PFIC income test and PFIC asset test described above, if the Company owns, directly or indirectly, 25% or more of the total value of the outstanding shares of another corporation, the Company will be treated as if it (a) held a proportionate share of the assets of such other corporation and (b) received directly a proportionate share of the income of such other corporation. In addition, for purposes of the PFIC income test and PFIC asset test described above, and assuming certain other requirements are met, "passive income" does not include certain interest, dividends, rents, or royalties that are received or accrued by the Company from certain "related persons" (as defined in Section 954(d)(3) of the Code) also organized in Canada, to the extent such items are properly allocable to the income of such related person that is not passive income.
Under certain attribution rules, if the Company is a PFIC, U.S. Holders will generally be deemed to own their proportionate share of the Company's direct or indirect equity interest in any company that is also a PFIC (a ''Subsidiary PFIC''), and will generally be subject to U.S. federal income tax on their proportionate share of (a) any "excess distributions," as described below, on the stock of a Subsidiary PFIC and (b) a disposition or deemed disposition of the stock of a Subsidiary PFIC by the Company or another Subsidiary PFIC, both as if such U.S. Holders directly held the shares of such Subsidiary PFIC. In addition, U.S. Holders may be subject to U.S. federal income tax on any indirect gain realized on the stock of a Subsidiary PFIC on the sale or disposition of shares of Common Stock. Accordingly, U.S. Holders should be aware that they could be subject to tax under the PFIC rules even if no distributions are received and no redemptions or other dispositions of shares of Common Stock are made.
Default PFIC Rules Under Section 1291 of the Code
If the Company is a PFIC for any tax year during which a U.S. Holder owns shares of Common Stock, the U.S. federal income tax consequences to such U.S. Holder of the acquisition, ownership, and disposition of shares of Common Stock will depend on whether and when such U.S. Holder makes a QEF Election to treat the Company and each Subsidiary PFIC, if any, as a "qualified electing fund" or "QEF" under Section 1295 of the Code or makes a Mark-to-Market Election under Section 1296 of the Code.  A U.S. Holder that does not make either a QEF Election or a Mark-to-Market Election will be referred to in this summary as a "Non-Electing U.S. Holder."
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A Non-Electing U.S. Holder will be subject to the rules of Section 1291 of the Code (described below) with respect to: (a) any gain recognized on the sale or other taxable disposition of shares of Common Stock; and (b) any "excess distribution" received on the shares of Common Stock. A distribution generally will be an "excess distribution" to the extent that such distribution (together with all other distributions received in the current tax year) exceeds 125% of the average distributions received during the three preceding tax years (or during a U.S. Holder's holding period for the shares of Common Stock, if shorter).
Under Section 1291 of the Code, any gain recognized on the sale or other taxable disposition of shares of Common Stock (including an indirect disposition of the stock of any Subsidiary PFIC), and any "excess distribution" received on shares of Common Stock or with respect to the stock of a Subsidiary PFIC, must be ratably allocated to each day in a Non-Electing U.S. Holder's holding period for the respective shares of Common Stock. The amount of any such gain or excess distribution allocated to the tax year of disposition or distribution of the excess distribution and to years before the entity became a PFIC, if any, would be taxed as ordinary income (and not eligible for certain preferred rates). The amounts allocated to any other tax year would be subject to U.S. federal income tax at the highest tax rate applicable to ordinary income in each such year, and an interest charge would be imposed on the tax liability for each such year, calculated as if such tax liability had been due in each such year. A Non-Electing U.S. Holder that is not a corporation must treat any such interest paid as "personal interest," which is not deductible.
If the Company is a PFIC for any tax year during which a Non-Electing U.S. Holder holds shares of Common Stock, the Company will continue to be treated as a PFIC with respect to such Non-Electing U.S. Holder, regardless of whether the Company ceases to be a PFIC in one or more subsequent tax years. A Non-Electing U.S. Holder may terminate this deemed PFIC status by electing to recognize gain (which will be taxed under the rules of Section 1291 of the Code discussed above), but not loss, as if such shares of Common Stock were sold on the last day of the last tax year for which the Company was a PFIC.
QEF Election
A U.S. Holder that makes a timely and effective QEF Election for the first tax year in which the holding period of its shares of Common Stock begins generally will not be subject to the rules of Section 1291 of the Code discussed above with respect to its shares of Common Stock. A U.S. Holder that makes a timely and effective QEF Election will be subject to U.S. federal income tax on such U.S. Holder's pro rata share of (a) the net capital gain of the Company, which will be taxed as long-term capital gain to such U.S. Holder, and (b) the ordinary earnings of the Company, which will be taxed as ordinary income to such U.S. Holder.  Generally, "net capital gain" is the excess of (a) net long-term capital gain over (b) net short-term capital loss, and "ordinary earnings" are the excess of (a) "earnings and profits" over (b) net capital gain.  A U.S. Holder that makes a QEF Election will be subject to U.S. federal income tax on such amounts for each tax year in which the Company is a PFIC, regardless of whether such amounts are actually distributed to such U.S. Holder by the Company.  However, for any tax year in which the Company is a PFIC and has no net income or gain, U.S. Holders that have made a QEF Election would not have any income inclusions as a result of the QEF Election. If a U.S. Holder that made a QEF Election has an income inclusion, such a U.S. Holder may, subject to certain limitations, elect to defer payment of current U.S. federal income tax on such amounts, subject to an interest charge. If such U.S. Holder is not a corporation, any such interest paid will be treated as "personal interest," which is not deductible.
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A U.S. Holder that makes a timely and effective QEF Election with respect to the Company generally (a) may receive a tax-free distribution from the Company to the extent that such distribution represents "earnings and profits" of the Company that were previously included in income by the U.S. Holder because of such QEF Election and (b) will adjust such U.S. Holder's tax basis in the shares of Common Stock to reflect the amount included in income or allowed as a tax-free distribution because of such QEF Election.  In addition, a U.S. Holder that makes a QEF Election generally will recognize capital gain or loss on the sale or other taxable disposition of shares of Common Stock.
The procedure for making a QEF Election, and the U.S. federal income tax consequences of making a QEF Election, will depend on whether such QEF Election is timely. A QEF Election will be treated as "timely" if such QEF Election is made for the first year in the U.S. Holder's holding period for the shares of Common Stock in which the Company was a PFIC. A U.S. Holder may make a timely QEF Election by filing the appropriate QEF Election documents at the time such U.S. Holder files a U.S. federal income tax return for such year. If a U.S. Holder does not make a timely and effective QEF Election for the first year in the U.S. Holder's holding period for the shares of Common Stock, the U.S. Holder may still be able to make a timely and effective QEF Election in a subsequent year if such U.S. Holder meets certain requirements and makes a "purging" election to recognize gain (which will be taxed under the rules of Section 1291 of the Code discussed above) as if such shares of Common Stock were sold for their fair market value on the day the QEF Election is effective. If a U.S. Holder makes a QEF Election but does not make a "purging" election to recognize gain as discussed in the preceding sentence, then such U.S. Holder shall be subject to the QEF Election rules and shall continue to be subject to tax under the rules of Section 1291 discussed above with respect to its shares of Common Stock. If a U.S. Holder owns PFIC stock indirectly through another PFIC, separate QEF Elections must be made for the PFIC in which the U.S. Holder is a direct shareholder and the Subsidiary PFIC for the QEF rules to apply to both PFICs.
A QEF Election will apply to the tax year for which such QEF Election is timely made and to all subsequent tax years, unless such QEF Election is invalidated or terminated or the IRS consents to revocation of such QEF Election. If a U.S. Holder makes a QEF Election and, in a subsequent tax year, the Company ceases to be a PFIC, the QEF Election will remain in effect (although it will not be applicable) during those tax years in which the Company is not a PFIC. Accordingly, if the Company becomes a PFIC in another subsequent tax year, the QEF Election will be effective and the U.S. Holder will be subject to the QEF rules described above during any subsequent tax year in which the Company qualifies as a PFIC.
U.S. Holders should be aware that there can be no assurances that the Company will satisfy the record keeping requirements that apply to a QEF, or that the Company will supply U.S. Holders with information that such U.S. Holders are required to report under the QEF rules, in the event that the Company is a PFIC. Thus, U.S. Holders may not be able to make a QEF Election with respect to their shares of Common Stock.  Each U.S. Holder should consult its own tax advisors regarding the availability of, and procedure for making, a QEF Election.
A U.S. Holder makes a QEF Election by attaching a completed IRS Form 8621, including a PFIC Annual Information Statement, to a timely filed United States federal income tax return. However, if the Company does not provide the required information with regard to the Company or any of its Subsidiary PFICs, U.S. Holders will not be able to make a QEF Election for such entity and will continue to be subject to the rules of Section 1291 of the Code discussed above that apply to Non-Electing U.S. Holders with respect to the taxation of gains and excess distributions. 
163

Mark-to-Market Election
A U.S. Holder may make a Mark-to-Market Election only if the shares of Common Stock are marketable stock. The shares of Common Stock generally will be "marketable stock" if the shares of Common Stock are regularly traded on (a) a national securities exchange that is registered with the Securities and Exchange Commission, (b) the national market system established pursuant to section 11A of the Securities and Exchange Act of 1934, or (c) a foreign securities exchange that is regulated or supervised by a governmental authority of the country in which the market is located, provided that (i) such foreign exchange has trading volume, listing, financial disclosure, and surveillance requirements, and meets other requirements and the laws of the country in which such foreign exchange is located, together with the rules of such foreign exchange, ensure that such requirements are actually enforced and (ii) the rules of such foreign exchange effectively promote active trading of listed stocks. If such stock is traded on such a qualified exchange or other market, such stock generally will be "regularly traded" for any calendar year during which such stock is traded, other than in de minimis quantities, on at least 15 days during each calendar quarter. Each U.S. Holder should consult its own tax advisor in this regard. 
A U.S. Holder that makes a Mark-to-Market Election with respect to its shares of Common Stock generally will not be subject to the rules of Section 1291 of the Code discussed above with respect to such shares of Common Stock. However, if a U.S. Holder does not make a Mark-to-Market Election beginning in the first tax year of such U.S. Holder's holding period for the shares of Common Stock for which the Company is a PFIC and such U.S. Holder has not made a timely QEF Election, the rules of Section 1291 of the Code discussed above will apply to certain dispositions of, and distributions on, the shares of Common Stock.
A U.S. Holder that makes a Mark-to-Market Election will include in ordinary income, for each tax year in which the Company is a PFIC, an amount equal to the excess, if any, of (a) the fair market value of the shares of Common Stock, as of the close of such tax year over (b) such U.S. Holder's adjusted tax basis in such shares of Common Stock. A U.S. Holder that makes a Mark-to-Market Election will be allowed a deduction in an amount equal to the excess, if any, of (a) such U.S. Holder's adjusted tax basis in the shares of Common Stock, over (b) the fair market value of such shares of Common Stock (but only to the extent of the net amount of previously included income as a result of the Mark-to-Market Election for prior tax years).
A U.S. Holder that makes a Mark-to-Market Election generally also will adjust such U.S. Holder's tax basis in the shares of Common Stock to reflect the amount included in gross income or allowed as a deduction because of such Mark-to-Market Election.  In addition, upon a sale or other taxable disposition of shares of Common Stock, a U.S. Holder that makes a Mark-to-Market Election will recognize ordinary income or ordinary loss (not to exceed the excess, if any, of (a) the amount included in ordinary income because of such Mark-to-Market Election for prior tax years over (b) the amount allowed as a deduction because of such Mark-to-Market Election for prior tax years). Losses that exceed this limitation are subject to the rules generally applicable to losses provided in the Code and Treasury Regulations.
A U.S. Holder makes a Mark-to-Market Election by attaching a completed IRS Form 8621 to a timely filed United States federal income tax return. A Mark-to-Market Election applies to the tax year in which such Mark-to-Market Election is made and to each subsequent tax year, unless the shares of Common Stock cease to be "marketable stock" or the IRS consents to revocation of such election. Each U.S. Holder should consult its own tax advisors regarding the availability of, and procedure for making, a Mark-to-Market Election.
164

Although a U.S. Holder may be eligible to make a Mark-to-Market Election with respect to the shares of Common Stock, no such election may be made with respect to the stock of any Subsidiary PFIC that a U.S. Holder is treated as owning, because such stock is not marketable. Hence, the Mark-to-Market Election will not be effective to avoid the application of the default rules of Section 1291 of the Code described above with respect to deemed dispositions of Subsidiary PFIC stock or excess distributions from a Subsidiary PFIC to its shareholder.
Other PFIC Rules
Under Section 1291(f) of the Code, the IRS has issued proposed Treasury Regulations that, subject to certain exceptions, would cause a U.S. Holder that had not made a timely QEF Election to recognize gain (but not loss) upon certain transfers of shares of Common Stock that would otherwise be tax-deferred (e.g., gifts and exchanges pursuant to corporate reorganizations). However, the specific U.S. federal income tax consequences to a U.S. Holder may vary based on the manner in which shares of Common Stock are transferred.
Certain additional adverse rules may apply with respect to a U.S. Holder if the Company is a PFIC, regardless of whether such U.S. Holder makes a QEF Election.  For example, under Section 1298(b)(6) of the Code, a U.S. Holder that uses shares of Common Stock as security for a loan will, except as may be provided in Treasury Regulations, be treated as having made a taxable disposition of such shares of Common Stock.
Special rules also apply to the amount of foreign tax credit that a U.S. Holder may claim on a distribution from a PFIC. Subject to such special rules, foreign taxes paid with respect to any distribution in respect of stock in a PFIC are generally eligible for the foreign tax credit. The rules relating to distributions by a PFIC and their eligibility for the foreign tax credit are complicated, and a U.S. Holder should consult with its own tax advisors regarding the availability of the foreign tax credit with respect to distributions by a PFIC.
The PFIC rules are complex, and each U.S. Holder should consult its own tax advisors regarding the PFIC rules and how the PFIC rules may affect the U.S. federal income tax consequences of the acquisition, ownership, and disposition of shares of Common Stock.
Ownership and Disposition of Shares of Common Stock to the Extent that the Passive Foreign Investment Company Rules Do Not Apply
The following discussion is subject, in its entirety, to the rules described above under the heading "Passive Foreign Investment Company Rules".
Distributions on Shares of Common Stock
A U.S. Holder that receives a distribution, including a constructive distribution, with respect to an share of Common Stock will be required to include the amount of such distribution in gross income as a dividend (without reduction for any Canadian income tax withheld from such distribution) to the extent of the current or accumulated "earnings and profits" of the Company, as computed for U.S. federal income tax purposes.  To the extent that a distribution exceeds the current and accumulated "earnings and profits" of the Company, such distribution will be treated first as a tax-free return of capital to the extent of a U.S. Holder's tax basis in the shares of Common Stock and thereafter as gain from the sale or exchange of such shares of Common Stock. (See "Sale or Other Taxable Disposition of Shares of Common Stock" below). However, the Company does not intend to maintain the calculations of its earnings and profits in accordance with U.S. federal income tax principles, and each U.S. Holder therefore should assume that any distribution by the Company with respect to the shares of Common Stock will constitute ordinary dividend income. Dividends received on shares of Common Stock will not be eligible for the "dividends received deduction". Subject to applicable limitations and provided the Company is eligible for the benefits of the Canada-U.S. Tax Convention or the shares of Common Stock are readily tradable on a United States securities market, dividends paid by the Company to non-corporate U.S. Holders, including individuals, generally will be eligible for the preferential tax rates applicable to long-term capital gains for dividends, provided certain holding period and other conditions are satisfied, including that the Company not be classified as a PFIC in the tax year of distribution or in the preceding tax year. If the Company is a PFIC, a dividend generally will be taxed to a U.S. Holder at ordinary income tax rates. The dividend rules are complex, and each U.S. Holder should consult its own tax advisors regarding the application of such rules.
165

Sale or Other Taxable Disposition of Shares of Common Stock
Upon the sale or other taxable disposition of shares of Common Stock, a U.S. Holder generally will recognize capital gain or loss in an amount equal to the difference between the U.S. dollar value of cash received plus the fair market value of any property received and such U.S. Holder's tax basis in such shares of Common Stock sold or otherwise disposed of. A U.S. Holder's tax basis in shares of Common Stock generally will be such U.S. Holder's U.S. dollar cost for such shares of Common Stock. Gain or loss recognized on such sale or other disposition generally will be long-term capital gain or loss if, at the time of the sale or other disposition, the shares of Common Stock have been held for more than one year.
Preferential tax rates currently apply to long-term capital gain of a U.S. Holder that is an individual, estate, or trust. There are no preferential tax rates for long-term capital gain of a U.S. Holder that is a corporation.  Deductions for capital losses are subject to significant limitations under the Code.
Additional Considerations
Receipt of Foreign Currency
The amount of any distribution paid to a U.S. Holder in foreign currency, or on the sale, exchange or other taxable disposition of shares of Common Stock, generally will be equal to the U.S. dollar value of such foreign currency based on the exchange rate applicable on the date of receipt (regardless of whether such foreign currency is converted into U.S. dollars at that time). A U.S. Holder will have a tax basis in the foreign currency equal to its U.S. dollar value on the date of receipt. Any U.S. Holder who converts or otherwise disposes of the foreign currency after the date of receipt may have a foreign currency exchange gain or loss that would be treated as ordinary income or loss, and generally will be U.S. source income or loss for foreign tax credit purposes. Different rules apply to U.S. Holders who use the accrual method of tax accounting. Each U.S. Holder should consult its own U.S. tax advisors regarding the U.S. federal income tax consequences of receiving, owning, and disposing of foreign currency.
Foreign Tax Credit
Subject to the PFIC rules discussed above, a U.S. Holder that pays (whether directly or through withholding) Canadian income tax with respect to dividends paid on the shares of Common Stock generally will be entitled, at the election of such U.S. Holder, to receive either a deduction or a credit for such Canadian income tax. Generally, a credit will reduce a U.S. Holder's U.S. federal income tax liability on a dollar-for-dollar basis, whereas a deduction will reduce a U.S. Holder's income subject to U.S. federal income tax. This election is made on a year-by-year basis and applies to all foreign taxes paid (whether directly or through withholding) by a U.S. Holder during a year. The foreign tax credit rules are complex, and involve the application of rules that depend on a U.S. Holder's particular circumstances. Accordingly, each U.S. Holder should consult its own U.S. tax advisors regarding the foreign tax credit rules.
166

Backup Withholding and Information Reporting
Under U.S. federal income tax law and Treasury Regulations, certain categories of U.S. Holders must file information returns with respect to their investment in, or involvement in, a foreign corporation. For example, U.S. return disclosure obligations (and related penalties) are imposed on individuals who are U.S. Holders that hold certain specified foreign financial assets in excess of certain threshold amounts.  The definition of specified foreign financial assets includes not only financial accounts maintained in foreign financial institutions, but also, unless held in accounts maintained by a financial institution, any stock or security issued by a non-U.S. person, any financial instrument or contract held for investment that has an issuer or counterparty other than a U.S. person and any interest in a non-U.S. entity. U.S. Holders may be subject to these reporting requirements unless their shares of Common Stock are held in an account at certain financial institutions.  Penalties for failure to file certain of these information returns are substantial. U.S. Holders should consult their own tax advisors regarding the requirements of filing information returns, including the requirement to file an IRS Form 8938.
Payments made within the U.S. or by a U.S. payor or U.S. middleman, of dividends on, and proceeds arising from the sale or other taxable disposition of, shares of Common Stock will generally be subject to information reporting and backup withholding tax at the rate of 24% if a U.S. Holder (a) fails to furnish such U.S. Holder's correct U.S. taxpayer identification number (generally on IRS Form W-9), (b) furnishes an incorrect U.S. taxpayer identification number, (c) is notified by the IRS that such U.S. Holder has previously failed to properly report items subject to backup withholding tax, or (d) fails to certify, under penalty of perjury, that such U.S. Holder has furnished its correct U.S. taxpayer identification number and that the IRS has not notified such U.S. Holder that it is subject to backup withholding tax.  However, certain exempt persons generally are excluded from these information reporting and backup withholding rules.  Backup withholding is not an additional tax. Any amounts withheld under the U.S. backup withholding tax rules will be allowed as a credit against a U.S. Holder's U.S. federal income tax liability, if any, or will be refunded, if such U.S. Holder furnishes required information to the IRS in a timely manner.
The discussion of reporting requirements set forth above is not intended to constitute an exhaustive description of all reporting requirements that may apply to a U.S. Holder. A failure to satisfy certain reporting requirements may result in an extension of the time period during which the IRS can assess a tax, and under certain circumstances, such an extension may apply to assessments of amounts unrelated to any unsatisfied reporting requirement. Each U.S. Holder should consult its own tax advisor regarding the information reporting and backup withholding rules.
F. Dividends and Paying Agents
Not applicable.
167

G. Statement by Experts
Not applicable.
H. Documents on Display
Additional information relating to the Company may be found on SEDAR, the system for electronic document analysis and retrieval, at www.sedar.com and on EDGAR, the SEC's electronic data gathering, analysis and retrieval database, at www.sec.gov.
Additional information, including directors' and officers' remuneration and indebtedness, principal holders of the Company's securities and securities authorized for issuance under equity compensation plans, if applicable, is contained in the Company's information circular for its most recent annual meeting of shareholders.
Additional financial information is provided in the Company's Financial Statements and Management's Discussion and Analysis for the year ended August 31, 2021.
Copies of the above may be obtained, on the Company's website www.platinumgroupmetals.net; on the SEDAR website at www.sedar.com; on the SEC's EDGAR website at www.sec.gov; or by calling the Company's Corporate Secretary at 604-899-5450.
I. Subsidiary Information
Not applicable.
ITEM 11. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK
Currency Risk
While the Company's financial statements are presented in U.S. dollars, the Company's functional currency is the Canadian Dollar, the functional currency of the Company's South African subsidiaries is the Rand, and a significant portion of the Company's and its subsidiaries' expenses are incurred in Canadian Dollars and South African Rand. Therefore, the Company is subject to currency risk with respect to changes in exchange rates among the U.S. Dollar, Canadian Dollar and South African Rand. The Company has not entered into any agreements or purchased any instruments to hedge its currency risks. A hypothetical 10% strengthening/weakening in the U.S. Dollar versus the Canadian Dollar and Rand would have given rise to a decrease/increase in comprehensive loss for the year ended August 31, 2021 of approximately $3.6 million (2020 - $3.5 million).  For further information, see note 16 to the Company's audited consolidated financial statements listed in Item 18 hereof and filed as part of this Annual Report.
ITEM 12. DESCRIPTION OF SECURITIES OTHER THAN EQUITY SECURITIES
Not applicable.
168

PART II
ITEM 13. DEFAULTS, DIVIDEND ARREARAGES AND DELINQUENCIES
Not applicable. 
ITEM 14. MATERIAL MODIFICATIONS TO THE RIGHTS OF SECURITY HOLDERS AND USE OF PROCEEDS
Certain restrictions on the payment of dividends are described under Item 8.A.
ITEM 15. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES
The Company maintains a set of disclosure controls and procedures designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed in filings made pursuant to both SEC and Canadian Securities Administrators requirements are recorded, processed, summarized and reported in the manner specified by the relevant securities laws applicable to the Company. Disclosure controls and procedures include, without limitation, controls and procedures designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by an issuer in the reports that it files or submits under the applicable securities legislation is accumulated and communicated to the issuer's management, including its principal executive and principal financial officers, or persons performing similar functions, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure. The Interim Chief Executive Officer and the Interim Chief Financial Officer have evaluated the Company's disclosure controls and procedures as at August 31, 2021 through inquiry, review and testing, as well as by drawing upon their own relevant experience. The Interim Chief Executive Officer and the Interim Chief Financial Officer have concluded that the Company's disclosure controls and procedures were effective as at August 31, 2021.
The Company's management, including the Chief Executive Officer and the Chief Financial Officer, is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting, and evaluating the effectiveness of the Company's internal control over financial reporting as at each fiscal year end. Management has used the framework in Internal Control - Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission to evaluate the effectiveness of the Company's internal control over financial reporting as at August 31, 2021.  Based on this evaluation, management has concluded that the Company's internal controls over financial reporting was effective as at August 31, 2021.
Attestation Report of Registered Public Accounting Firm
The attestation report required under this Item 15 is set forth below in Item 18. - Financial Statements under the caption "Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm."
Changes in Internal Controls over Financial Reporting
Management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal controls over financial reporting. Any system of internal control over financial reporting, no matter how well designed, has inherent limitations. Therefore, even those systems determined to be effective can provide only reasonable assurance with respect to financial statement preparation and presentation. There has been no change in the Company's internal control over financial reporting during the year ended August 31, 2021 that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.
169

ITEM 16A. AUDIT COMMITTEE FINANCIAL EXPERT
The Board has determined that Diana Walters is a financial expert on the Audit Committee. Ms. Walters has worked on the natural resources sector as an equity investor, investment banker and in operating roles and has previously served as the audit committee chair of AMR. In addition, she gained extensive investment experience with both debt and equity through leadership roles at Credit Suisse, HSBC and other firms. Ms. Walters is independent within the meaning of NYSE American listing standards.
ITEM 16B. CODE OF ETHICS
The Company has adopted the Code of Conduct that applies to all of its directors, officers and employees, including the Interim Chief Executive Officer and Interim Chief Financial Officer.  The Code of Conduct includes provisions covering conflicts of interest, ethical conduct, compliance with applicable government laws, rules and regulations, disclosure in reports and documents filed with, or submitted to, the SEC, reporting of violations of the Code of Conduct and accountability for adherence to the Code of Conduct.  A copy of the Code of Conduct may be found on the Company's website, at www.platinumgroupmetals.net.
The Company has not granted any waiver, including any implicit waiver, from a provision of the Code during the Company's most recently completed fiscal year ending August 31, 2021.
ITEM 16C. PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTANT FEES AND SERVICES
External Auditor Service Fees (By Category)
The aggregate fees billed by the Company's current independent auditor, PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP, during the fiscal years ended August 31, 2021 and 2020 are set forth below in $: 

 	Year ended August 31,
2021
($)	Year ended August 31,
2020
($)	
Audit Fees	284,492	255,400	
Audit-Related Fees(1)	68,000	76,480	
Tax Fees(2)	Nil	Nil	
All Other Fees(3)	Nil	Nil	
Total	352,492	331,880	
Notes:
(1) The aggregate fees billed for assurance and related services that are reasonably related to the performance of the audit or review of the Company's financial statements, which are not included under the heading "Audit Fees".
(2) The aggregate fees billed for professional services rendered for tax compliance, tax advice and tax planning, including restructuring advice.
(3) The aggregate fees billed for products and services other than as set out under the headings "Audit Fees", "Audit Related Fees" and "Tax Fees".
170

Pre-Approval Policies
The Audit Committee's pre-approval policies are described under Item 6.C. Board Practices.
ITEM 16D. EXEMPTIONS FROM THE LISTING STANDARDS FOR AUDIT COMMITTEES
Not applicable.
ITEM 16E. PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES BY THE ISSUER AND AFFILIATED PURCHASERS
There were no purchases of equity securities by us or by any affiliated purchaser during the period covered by this Annual Report.
ITEM 16F. CHANGE IN REGISTRANT'S CERTIFYING ACCOUNTANT
None.
ITEM 16G. CORPORATE GOVERNANCE
The Common Shares are listed for trading on the NYSE American. Section 110 of the NYSE American Company Guide permits the NYSE American to consider the laws, customs and practices of foreign issuers in relaxing certain NYSE American listing criteria, and to grant exemptions from NYSE American listing criteria based on these considerations. A company seeking relief under these provisions is required to provide written certification from independent local counsel that the non-complying practice is not prohibited by home country law. A description of the significant ways in which the Company's governance practices differ from those followed by domestic companies pursuant to NYSE American standards is as follows:
Shareholder Meeting Quorum Requirement: The NYSE American minimum quorum requirement for a shareholder meeting is one-third of the outstanding shares of common stock. In addition, a company listed on NYSE American is required to state its quorum requirement in its bylaws. The Company's quorum requirement is set forth in its articles. The Company's articles provide that a quorum for the transaction of business at any shareholders' meetings is two persons who are, or who represent by proxy, shareholders who, in the aggregate, hold at least 5% of the issued shares entitled to be voted thereat. However, if there is only one shareholder entitled to vote at a meeting of shareholders, the quorum is one person who is, or who represents by proxy, that shareholder. If within one-half hour from the time set for the holding of a shareholders' meeting, a quorum is not present, a meeting convened by requisition of the shareholders shall be dissolved. In any other case a meeting shall stand adjourned to the same day in the next week at the same time and place; and, if a quorum is not present within one-half hour from the time appointed for the adjourned meeting, the persons present and being, or representing by proxy, one or more shareholders entitled to attend and vote at such meeting shall constitute a quorum.
Proxy Delivery Requirement: NYSE American requires the solicitation of proxies and delivery of proxy statements for all shareholder meetings and requires that these proxies be solicited pursuant to a proxy statement that conforms to the proxy rules of the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission. The Company is a foreign private issuer as defined in Rule 3b-4 under the U.S. Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and the equity securities of the Company are accordingly exempt from the proxy rules set forth in Sections 14(a), 14(b), 14(c) and 14(f) of such Act. The Company solicits proxies in accordance with applicable rules and regulations in Canada.
171

Shareholder Approval Requirements: NYSE American requires a listed company to obtain the approval of its shareholders for certain types of securities issuances, including private placements that may result in the issuance of Common Shares (or securities convertible into Common Shares) equal to 20% or more of presently outstanding shares for less than the greater of book or market value of the shares. In general, there is no such requirement under British Columbia law or under the policies of the TSX unless the transaction: materially affects control of the listed issuer; provides consideration to insiders in aggregate of 10% or greater of the market capitalization of the listed issuer, during any six-month period, and has not been negotiated at arm's length; or the transaction is a private placement for an aggregate number of listed securities issuable greater than 25% of the number of securities of the listed issuer which are outstanding, on a non-diluted basis, prior to the date of closing of the transaction where the price per security is less than the market price (as such term is defined under TSX policies) but within the discounts allowable under TSX policies. The Company will seek a waiver from NYSE American's shareholder approval requirements in circumstances where the securities issuance does not trigger such a requirement under British Columbia law or under the policies of the TSX.
The foregoing is consistent with the laws, customs and practices in Canada.
ITEM 16H. MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURE
The Company was not the operator and did not have a subsidiary that was an operator of a coal or other mine, as defined in Section 3 of the Federal Mine Safety and Health Act of 1977, in the United States during the year ended August 31, 2021.
ITEM 16I. DISCLOSURE REGARDING FOREIGN JURISDICTIONS THAT PREVENT INSPECTIONS
Not applicable.
172

PART III
ITEM 17. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
Not applicable
ITEM 18. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
Following are the Company's Consolidated Financial Statements for the year ended August 31, 2021.
173

 

 
 
Platinum Group Metals Ltd.
 
Consolidated Financial Statements
(all amounts in thousands of United States Dollars unless otherwise noted)
For the year ended August 31, 2021
 
Filed: November 24, 2021

 

 

Management’s Responsibility for Consolidated Financial Statements
The accompanying Consolidated Financial Statements of Platinum Group Metals Ltd (the “Company”) are the responsibility of management. The Consolidated Financial Statements have been prepared by management in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards (“IFRS”) as issued by the International Accounting Standards Board (“IASB”) and include certain estimates that reflect management’s best judgments.
The Company’s Board of Directors has approved the information contained in the Consolidated Financial Statements. The Board of Directors fulfills its responsibilities regarding the Consolidated Financial Statements mainly through its Audit Committee, which has a written mandate that complies with current requirements of Canadian securities legislation, United States securities legislation, and the United States Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. The Audit Committee meets at least on a quarterly basis.
Management’s Annual Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting
Management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting. Internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of the Consolidated Financial Statements for external reporting purposes in accordance with IFRS as issued by the IASB.
Internal control over financial reporting, no matter how well designed, has inherent limitations. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.
Management has assessed the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting as at August 31, 2021. In making its assessment, management has used the criteria established in Internal Control - Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (“COSO”) to evaluate the Company’s internal control over financial reporting. Based on this assessment, management has concluded that the Company’s internal control over financial reporting was effective as at that date.
The effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting as at August 31, 2021 has been audited by Price Waterhouse Coopers LLP, the Company’s independent registered public accounting firm, as stated in their report, which appears herein.

/s/ Greg Blair     
 Greg Blair
Chief Financial Officer  	/s/ Frank Hallam
 Frank Hallam,
President, Chief Executive Officer	

 
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
To the Shareholders and Board of Directors of Platinum Group Metals Ltd.
Opinions on the Financial Statements and Internal Control over Financial Reporting
We have audited the accompanying consolidated statements of financial position of Platinum Group Metals Ltd. and its subsidiaries (together, the Company) as of August 31, 2021 and 2020, and the related consolidated statements of loss and comprehensive loss, changes in equity and cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended August 31, 2021, including the related notes (collectively referred to as the consolidated financial statements). We also have audited the Company's internal control over financial reporting as of August 31, 2021, based on criteria established in Internal Control - Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO).
In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements referred to above present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company as of August 31, 2021 and 2020, and its financial performance and its cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended August 31, 2021 in conformity with International Financial Reporting Standards as issued by the International Accounting Standards Board. Also in our opinion, the Company maintained, in all material respects, effective internal control over financial reporting as of August 31, 2021, based on criteria established in Internal Control - Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the COSO.
Substantial Doubt About the Company's Ability to Continue as a Going Concern
The accompanying consolidated financial statements have been prepared assuming that the Company will continue as a going concern. As discussed in Note 1 to the consolidated financial statements, the Company has suffered recurring losses from operations and has a negative working capital and cash outflows from operating activities that raise substantial doubt about its ability to continue as a going concern. Management's plans in regard to these matters are also described in Note 1. The consolidated financial statements do not include any adjustments that might result from the outcome of this uncertainty.
Change in Accounting Principle
As discussed in Note 2(s) to the consolidated financial statements, the Company changed the manner in which it accounts for financial liabilities in 2018.
Basis for Opinions
The Company's management is responsible for these consolidated financial statements, for maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting, and for its assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting, included in the accompanying Management's Annual Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting. Our responsibility is to express opinions on the Company's consolidated financial statements and on the Company's internal control over financial reporting based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB) and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.
PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP
PricewaterhouseCoopers Place, 250 Howe Street, Suite 1400, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V6C 3S7 T: +1 604 806 7000, F: +1 604 806 7806
 
"PwC" refers to PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP, an Ontario limited liability partnership.

We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audits to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the consolidated financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud, and whether effective internal control over financial reporting was maintained in all material respects.
Our audits of the consolidated financial statements included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the consolidated financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the consolidated financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the consolidated financial statements. Our audit of internal control over financial reporting included obtaining an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, assessing the risk that a material weakness exists, and testing and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal control based on the assessed risk. Our audits also included performing such other procedures as we considered necessary in the circumstances. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinions.
Definition and Limitations of Internal Control over Financial Reporting
A company's internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. A company's internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (i) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company; (ii) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the company; and (iii) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the company's assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.
Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.
Critical Audit Matters
The critical audit matter communicated below is a matter arising from the current period audit of the consolidated financial statements that was communicated or required to be communicated to the audit committee and that (i) relates to accounts or disclosures that are material to the consolidated financial statements and (ii) involved our especially challenging, subjective, or complex judgments. The communication of critical audit matters does not alter in any way our opinion on the consolidated financial statements, taken as a whole, and we are not, by communicating the critical audit matter below, providing a separate opinion on the critical audit matter or on the accounts or disclosures to which it relates.

Determination of commercial viability and technical feasibility and impairment assessment of the Waterberg Project (the Project).
As described in Notes 2, 3 and 4 to the consolidated financial statements, the Project had a carrying value of $39.6 million as of February 28, 2021 which was reclassified from exploration and evaluation assets to mineral properties. Management concluded that the technical feasibility and commercial viability of the Project had been demonstrated during the second quarter of 2021 as the mining right was granted for the Project. The determination of technical feasibility and commercial viability of the Project required significant judgment by management and took into account factors such as the results of the definitive feasibility study and the status of the granting of the mining right. Prior to the reclassification, exploration and evaluation assets are assessed for impairment whereby the carrying value of the Project was compared to its recoverable amount and management determined that no impairment charge was required. The recoverable amount was determined as the fair value less cost of disposal (FVLCD) using a discounted cash flow model. Determining the FVLCD required management to make estimates and assumptions with respect to quantities of ore reserves and mineral resources, recovery rates, forecast prices of commodities, exchange rates, future production and sales volumes, future production costs, capital and reclamation costs and the discount rate. Quantities of ore reserves and mineral resources, recovery rates, future production and sales volumes as well as future production costs, capital and reclamation costs are based on information compiled by appropriate qualified persons (management's specialists).
The principal considerations for our determination that performing procedures relating to the determination of commercial viability and technical feasibility and impairment assessment of the Project is a critical audit matter are (i) the significant judgment required by management in the determination of commercial viability and technical feasibility taking into account factors such as the results of the definitive feasibility study and the status of the granting of the mining right; (ii) the significant judgment required by management, including the use of management's specialists, while determining the recoverable amount of the Project, including the use of significant assumptions such as quantities of ore reserves and mineral resources, recovery rates, forecast prices of commodities, exchange rates, future production and sales volumes, future production costs, capital and reclamation costs and the discount rate; (iii) the high degree of auditor judgment, subjectivity, and effort in performing procedures relating to the determination of commercial viability and technical feasibility of the Project and related impairment; and (iv) the audit effort involved the use of professionals with specialized skill and knowledge.

Addressing the matter involved performing procedures and evaluating audit evidence in connection with forming our overall opinion on the consolidated financial statements. These procedures included testing the effectiveness of controls relating to management's assessment for determining the commercial viability and technical feasibility and impairment assessment of the Project, including controls over the determination of the recoverable amount of the Project. These procedures also included, among others, (i) evaluating the factors used by management to determine commercial viability and technical feasibility including the results of the definitive feasibility study and the status of the granting of the mining right; (ii) testing management's process for determining the recoverable amount of the Project; (iii) evaluating the appropriateness of the discounted cash flow model; (iv) testing the completeness and accuracy of underlying data used in the model; and (v) evaluating the significant assumptions used by management, related to quantities of ore reserves and mineral resources, recovery rates, forecast prices of commodities, exchange rates, future production and sales volumes, future production costs, capital and reclamation costs and the discount rate. Evaluating management's assumptions with respect to forecast prices of commodities and exchange rates involved evaluating whether these assumptions were reasonable considering the consistency with external market and industry data. The work of management's specialists was used in performing the procedures to evaluate the reasonableness of quantities of ore reserves and mineral resources, recovery rates, future production and sales volumes and future production costs and capital and reclamation costs. As a basis for using this work, management's specialists' qualifications were understood and the Company's relationship with management's specialists was assessed. The procedures performed also included evaluation of the methods and assumptions used by management's specialists, tests of the data used by the management's specialists, and an evaluation of management's specialists' findings. Professionals with specialized skill and knowledge were used to assist in evaluating appropriateness of the discounted cash flow model and the reasonableness of the discount rate.
/s/PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP
Chartered Professional Accountants
Vancouver, Canada
November 24, 2021
We have served as the Company's auditor since 2007.

PLATINUM GROUP METALS LTD.
Consolidated Statements of Financial Position
(in thousands of United States Dollars)	

 	 	August 31,
2021	 	 	August 31,
2020	 	
ASSETS	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Current	 	 	 	 	 	 	
 	Cash	$	6,059	 	$	1,308	 	
 	ATM Offering proceeds receivable (Note 8)	 	213	 	 	-	 	
 	Amounts receivable	 	263	 	 	218	 	
 	Prepaid expenses	 	71	 	 	385	 	
Total current assets	 	6,606	 	 	1,911	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Performance bonds and other assets	 	170	 	 	108	 	
Mineral Properties and Exploration Assets (Note 4)	 	43,953	 	 	34,939	 	
Property, plant and equipment	 	470	 	 	457	 	
Total assets	$	51,199	 	$	37,415	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
LIABILITIES	 	 	 	 	 	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Current	 	 	 	 	 	 	
 	Accounts payable and other liabilities	$	2,463	 	$	1,412	 	
 	Loan payable (Note 6)	 	9,088	 	 	-	 	
 	Convertible notes (Note 7)	 	18,716	 	 	-	 	
 	Bank advisory fees payable (Note 11)	 	-	 	 	2,890	 	
Total current liabilities	 	30,267	 	 	4,302	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Loan payable (Note 6)	 	-	 	 	19,337	 	
Convertible notes (Note 7)	 	-	 	 	17,212	 	
Asset Retirement Obligation	 	106	 	 	-	 	
Share based liabilities	 	1,223	 	 	509	 	
Lease liability	 	130	 	 	198	 	
Total liabilities	$	31,726	 	$	41,558	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Share capital (Note 8)	$	890,783	 	$	861,890	 	
Contributed surplus	 	30,102	 	 	28,278	 	
Accumulated other comprehensive loss	 	(159,226	)	 	(164,124	)	
Deficit	 	(759,771	)	 	(746,313	)	
Total shareholders' equity (deficit) attributable to shareholders of Platinum Group Metals Ltd.	 	1,888	 	 	(20,269	)	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Non-controlling interest	 	17,585	 	 	16,126	 	
Total shareholders' equity (deficit)	 	19,473	 	 	(4,143	)	
Total liabilities and shareholders' equity	$	51,199	 	$	37,415	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Going Concern (Note 1)
Contingencies and Commitments (Note 11)
 
Approved by the Board of Directors and authorized for issue on November 24, 2021
 
/s/ Stuart Harshaw	 	/s/ Diana Walters	
Stuart Harshaw, Director	 	Diana Walters, Director	
 
The accompanying notes are an integral part of the consolidated financial statements.
2

PLATINUM GROUP METALS LTD.
Consolidated Statements of Loss and Comprehensive (Income) Loss
(in thousands of United States Dollars except share and per share data)	

 	 	 	Year Ended	 	
 	 	 	August 31,
2021	 	 	August 31,
2020	 	 	August 31,
2019	 	

Expenses	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
 	General and administrative (Note 14)	$	5,121	 	$	3,726	 	$	4,677	 	
 	Interest	 	5,066	 	 	5,493	 	 	8,355	 	
 	Foreign exchange (gain) loss	 	(698	)	 	(740	)	 	1,006	 	
 	Share of joint venture expenditures - Lion Battery (Note 5)	 	343	 	 	369	 	 	595	 	
 	Stock compensation expense (Note 8)	 	3,184	 	 	1,569	 	 	787	 	
 	Closure, care and maintenance costs (recovery)	 	-	 	 	-	 	 	(509	)	
 	 	$	13,016	 	$	10,417	 	$	14,911	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Other Income	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Loss (Gain) on fair value derivatives & other instruments (Note 7)	$	(52	)	$	(3,203	)	$	2,732	 	
Loss on the partial settlement of the Sprott Facility	 	189	 	 	-	 	 	-	 	
Gain on Sprott extension	 	(48	)	 	-	 	 	-	 	
Gain on fair value of marketable securities	 	-	 	 	-	 	 	(609	)	
Net finance income	 	(97	)	 	(158	)	 	(364	)	
Loss for the year before income taxes	$	13,008	 	$	7,056	 	$	16,670	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Deferred income tax expense	 	55	 	 	72	 	 	106	 	
Loss for the year	 	13,063	 	 	7,128	 	 	16,776	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Items that may be subsequently reclassified to net loss:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
 	Currency translation adjustment	 	(4,898	)	 	4,487	 	 	(105	)	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Comprehensive loss for the period    	$	8,165	 	$	11,615	 	$	16,671	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Net Loss attributable to:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
 	Shareholders of Platinum Group Metals Ltd.	$	13,063	 	$	7,128	 	$	16,776	 	
 	Non-controlling interests	 	-	 	 	-	 	 	-	 	
 	$	13,063	 	$	7,128	 	$	16,776	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Comprehensive (income) loss attributable to:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
 	Shareholders of Platinum Group Metals Ltd.	$	8,165	 	$	11,615	 	$	16,671	 	
 	Non-controlling interests	 	-	 	 	-	 	 	-	 	
 	$	8,165	 	$	11,615	 	$	16,671	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Basic and diluted loss per common share	$	0.18	 	$	0.11	 	$	0.52	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Weighted average number of common shares outstanding:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
 	Basic and diluted	 	71,912,296	 	 	61,537,004	 	 	32,534,646	 	
 
The accompanying notes are an integral part of the consolidated financial statements.	3	

PLATINUM GROUP METALS LTD.
Consolidated Statements of Changes in Equity
(in thousands of United States Dollars, except # of Common Shares)

 	 	# of Common
Shares	 	 	Share
Capital	 	 	Contributed
Surplus	 	 	Accumulated
Other
Comprehensive
Income (loss)	 	 	Deficit	 	 	Attributable to
Shareholders
of the Parent
Company	 	 	Non-
Controlling
Interest	 	 	Total	 	
Balance August 31, 2018	 	29,103,411	 	$	818,454	 	$	25,950	 	$	(159,742	)	$	(715,344	)	$	(30,682	)	$	11,152	 	$	(19,530	)	
    IFRS 9 transition adoption on September 1, 2018	 	-	 	 	-	 	 	-	 	 	-	 	 	(5,781	)	 	(5,781	)	 	-	 	 	(5,781	)	
Balance September 1, 2018	 	29,103,411	 	$	818,454	 	$	25,950	 	$	(159,742	)	$	(721,125	)	$	(36,463	)	$	11,152	 	$	(25,311	)	
    Stock based compensation	 	-	 	 	-	 	 	827	 	 	-	 	 	-	 	 	827	 	 	-	 	 	827	 	
    Shares issued for interest on Convertible Notes	 	545,721	 	 	687	 	 	-	 	 	-	 	 	-	 	 	687	 	 	-	 	 	687	 	
    Share issuance - financing	 	27,077,885	 	 	35,024	 	 	-	 	 	-	 	 	-	 	 	35,024	 	 	-	 	 	35,024	 	
    Share issuance costs	 	-	 	 	(1,876	)	 	-	 	 	-	 	 	-	 	 	(1,876	)	 	-	 	 	(1,876	)	
    Warrants exercised	 	1,048,770	 	 	1,981	 	 	-	 	 	-	 	 	-	 	 	1,981	 	 	-	 	 	1,981	 	
    Shares issued for loan facility	 	800,000	 	 	1,000	 	 	-	 	 	-	 	 	-	 	 	1,000	 	 	-	 	 	1,000	 	
    Contributions of Waterberg JV Co.	 	-	 	 	-	 	 	-	 	 	-	 	 	(1,117	)	 	(1,117	)	 	4,299	 	 	3,182	 	
    Foreign currency translation adjustment	 	-	 	 	-	 	 	-	 	 	105	 	 	-	 	 	105	 	 	-	 	 	105	 	
    Net loss for the year	 	-	 	 	-	 	 	-	 	 	-	 	 	(16,776	)	 	(16,776	)	 	-	 	 	(16,776	)	
Balance August 31, 2019	 	58,575,787	 	$	855,270	 	$	26,777	 	$	(159,637	)	$	(739,018	)	$	(16,608	)	$	15,451	 	$	(1,157	)	
    Stock based compensation	 	-	 	 	 	 	 	1,501	 	 	-	 	 	-	 	 	1,501	 	 	-	 	 	1,501	 	
    Shares issued for interest on Convertible Notes	 	1,043,939	 	 	1,374	 	 	-	 	 	-	 	 	-	 	 	1,374	 	 	-	 	 	1,374	 	
    Share issuance - financing	 	4,447,307	 	 	5,705	 	 	-	 	 	-	 	 	-	 	 	5,705	 	 	-	 	 	5,705	 	
    Share issuance costs	 	-	 	 	(514	)	 	-	 	 	-	 	 	-	 	 	(514	)	 	-	 	 	(514	)	
    Warrants exercised	 	28,040	 	 	55	 	 	-	 	 	-	 	 	-	 	 	55	 	 	-	 	 	55	 	
    Contributions of Waterberg JV Co.	 	-	 	 	-	 	 	-	 	 	-	 	 	(167	)	 	(167	)	 	675	 	 	508	 	
    Foreign currency translation adjustment	 	-	 	 	-	 	 	-	 	 	(4,487	)	 	-	 	 	(4,487	)	 	-	 	 	(4,487	)	
    Net loss for the period	 	-	 	 	-	 	 	-	 	 	-	 	 	(7,128	)	 	(7,128	)	 	-	 	 	(7,128	)	
Balance August 31, 2020	 	64,095,073	 	 	861,890	 	 	28,278	 	 	(164,124	)	 	(746,313	)	 	(20,269	)	 	16,126	 	 	(4,143	)	
    Stock based compensation	 	-	 	 	-	 	 	2,921	 	 	-	 	 	-	 	 	2,921	 	 	-	 	 	2,921	 	
    Restricted Share Units redeemed	 	121,668	 	 	189	 	 	(281	)	 	-	 	 	-	 	 	(92	)	 	-	 	 	(92	)	
    Share options exercised	 	843,543	 	 	2,301	 	 	(816	)	 	-	 	 	-	 	 	1,485	 	 	-	 	 	1,485	 	
    Share issuance - financing	 	10,210,842	 	 	27,949	 	 	-	 	 	-	 	 	-	 	 	27,949	 	 	-	 	 	27,949	 	
    Share issuance costs	 	-	 	 	(1,546	)	 	-	 	 	-	 	 	-	 	 	(1,546	)	 	-	 	 	(1,546	)	
    Contributions of Waterberg JV Co.	 	-	 	 	-	 	 	-	 	 	-	 	 	(395	)	 	(395	)	 	1,459	 	 	1,064	 	
    Foreign currency translation adjustment	 	-	 	 	-	 	 	-	 	 	4,898	 	 	-	 	 	4,898	 	 	-	 	 	4,898	 	
    Net loss for the period	 	-	 	 	-	 	 	-	 	 	-	 	 	(13,063	)	 	(13,063	)	 	-	 	 	(13,063	)	
Balance August 31, 2021	 	75,271,126	 	 	890,783	 	 	30,102	 	 	(159,226	)	 	(759,771	)	 	1,888	 	 	17,585	 	 	19,473	 	
 
The accompanying notes are an integral part of the consolidated financial statements.	4	

PLATINUM GROUP METALS LTD.
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows
(in thousands of United States Dollars)
 	
 	 	 	For the year ended	 	
 	 	 	August 31,
2021	 	 	August 31,
2020	 	 	August 31,
2019	 	

OPERATING ACTIVITIES	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
 	Loss for the year	$	(13,063	)	$	(7,128	)	$	(16,776	)	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
 	Add items not affecting cash / adjustments:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
 	Depreciation	 	122	 	 	177	 	 	235	 	
 	Interest expense	 	5,066	 	 	5,493	 	 	8,355	 	
 	Unrealized foreign exchange (loss)	 	(1058	)	 	128	 	 	13	 	
 	Loss (Gain) on fair value of derivatives and other instruments	 	(52	)	 	(3,203	)	 	2,732	 	
 	Gain on marketable securities	 	-	 	 	-	 	 	(609	)	
 	Loss on partial settlement of Sprott Facility	 	(189	)	 	-	 	 	-	 	
 	Gain on extension of Sprott Facility	 	348	 	 	-	 	 	-	 	
 	Deferred tax expense	 	55	 	 	72	 	 	106	 	
 	Stock compensation expense	 	3,184	 	 	1,569	 	 	787	 	
 	Share of joint venture expenditures	 	343	 	 	369	 	 	595	 	
 	Directors' fees paid in deferred share units	 	152	 	 	142	 	 	112	 	
 	Net change in non-cash working capital (Note 12)	 	(2,962	)	 	(739	)	 	(502	)	
 	$	(8,054	)	$	(3,120	)	$	(4,952	)	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
FINANCING ACTIVITIES	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
 	Share issuance - warrant exercise	$	-	 	$	48	 	$	1,783	 	
 	Proceeds from issuance of equity	 	27,949	 	 	5,705	 	 	25,024	 	
 	Equity issuance costs	 	(1,546	)	 	(514	)	 	(1,876	)	
 	Cash received from option exercises	 	1,485	 	 	-	 	 	-	 	
 	Sprott Facility principal repayments	 	(10,600	)	 	-	 	 	-	 	
 	Sprott Facility interest paid	 	(1,589	)	 	(2,237	)	 	(73	)	
 	Convertible note interest paid	 	(1,374	)	 	-	 	 	(687	)	
 	Cash proceeds from debt	 	-	 	 	-	 	 	20,000	 	
 	Costs associated with debt	 	(318	)	 	(40	)	 	(228	)	
 	Lease payments made	 	(91	)	 	(66	)	 	-	 	
 	Repayment of Liberty debt and production payment termination	 	-	 	 	-	 	 	(41,023	)	
 	Share unit cash settlement	 	(151	)	 	-	 	 	-	 	
 	Cash received from Waterberg partners	 	1,829	 	 	1,697	 	 	3,522	 	
 	$	15,594	 	$	4,593	 	$	6,442	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
INVESTING ACTIVITIES	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
 	Performance bonds	$	(43	)	$	(67	)	$	19	 	
 	Investment in Lion Battery	 	(350	)	 	(350	)	 	(554	)	
 	Cash received from the sale of marketable securities	 	-	 	 	-	 	 	7,951	 	
 	Expenditures from restricted cash (Waterberg)	 	-	 	 	-	 	 	126	 	
 	Expenditures incurred on Waterberg Project	 	(2,415	)	 	(4,953	)	 	(6,990	)	
 	$	(2,808	)	$	(5,370	)	$	552	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Net increase (decrease) in cash	 	4,732	 	 	(3,897	)	 	2,042	 	
Effect of foreign exchange on cash	 	19	 	 	(345	)	 	491	 	
Cash, beginning of year	 	1,308	 	 	5,550	 	 	3,017	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Cash end of year	$	6,059	 	$	1,308	 	$	5,550	 	

The accompanying notes are an integral part of the consolidated financial statements.	5	

PLATINUM GROUP METALS LTD.
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows
(in thousands of United States Dollars)	
1.          NATURE OF OPERATIONS AND GOING CONCERN
Platinum Group Metals Ltd. (the "Company") is a British Columbia, Canada, company formed by amalgamation on February 18, 2002. The Company's shares are publicly listed on the Toronto Stock Exchange in Canada and the NYSE American LLC ("NYSE American") in the United States. The Company's address is Suite 838-1100 Melville Street, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6E-4A6.
The Company is a development stage company conducting work on mineral properties it has staked or acquired by way of option agreements in the Republic of South Africa.
These financial statements consolidate the accounts of the Company and its subsidiaries.  Lion Battery Technologies Inc. ("Lion") is accounted for using the equity method as the Company jointly controls Lion despite owning the majority of Lion's shares. The Company's subsidiaries, associates and joint ventures as at August 31, 2021 are as follows:

  	 	Place of
incorporation	Proportion of ownership
interest and voting power held	
Name of subsidiary	Principal activity	and
operation	August 31,
2021	August 31,
2020	
 	 	 	 	 	
Platinum Group Metals (RSA) (Pty) Ltd.	Development	South Africa	100.0%	100.0%	
Mnombo Wethu Consultants (Pty) Limited(1)	Development	South Africa	49.9%	49.9%	
Waterberg JV Resources (Pty) Ltd.(1),(2)	Development	South Africa	37.05%	37.05%	
Lion Battery Technologies Inc.	Research	Canada	53.70%	55.00%	
 	
Notes:
(1) The Company controls and consolidates Mnombo Wethu Consultants (Pty) Limited ("Mnombo") and Waterberg JV Resources (Pty) Ltd. ("Waterberg JV Co.") for accounting purposes.
(2) Effective ownership of Waterberg JV Co. is 63.05% when Mnombo's ownership portion is combined with Platinum Group Metals (RSA) (Pty) Ltd. ("PTM RSA") ownership portion.	
 
These consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards applicable to a going concern which contemplates that the Company will be able to realize its assets and settle its liabilities in the normal course as they come due for at least twelve months from the date of filing these consolidated financial statements. During the year ended August 31, 2021, the Company incurred a loss of $13.1 million, used cash of $8.1 million in operating activities and at year end had cash of $6.1 million and a working capital deficiency of $23.6 million.  Included in current liabilities was $9.4 million pursuant to the Sprott Facility (as defined below) as well as convertible notes ($19.99 million) that mature on July 1, 2022. During the year the Company exercised its option to extend the maturity date on $10 million of the Sprott Facility to August 14, 2022 with earlier payments permitted. As of the date of filing these consolidated financial statements the Sprott Facility principal balance has been paid down to an amount of $3.6 million. The Company currently has limited financial resources and has no sources of operating income.
In March 2020, the World Health Organization declared the outbreak of COVID-19 Coronavirus a global pandemic. The pandemic has continued in waves until the present time. Related negative public health developments have adversely affected workforces, economies and financial markets globally, resulting in a period of economic uncertainty. Supply chain disruptions caused by the pandemic have negatively affected global automotive production, resulting in a downturn for the prices of platinum, palladium and rhodium. Although the Company has not directly experienced a material adverse effect as a result of the pandemic to date, it is not possible for the Company to predict the duration or magnitude of the possible adverse results of the pandemic and its effects on the Company's business or ability to raise funds.
The Company's ability to continue operations in the normal course of business will therefore depend upon its ability to secure additional funding by methods that could include debt refinancing, equity financing, the sale of assets and strategic partnerships. Management believes the Company will be able to secure further funding as required although there can be no assurance that these efforts will be successful. These factors give rise to material uncertainties resulting in substantial doubt as to the ability of the Company to continue to meet its obligations as they come due and hence, the ultimate appropriateness of the use of accounting principles applicable to a going concern.

 	6	

PLATINUM GROUP METALS LTD.
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements
(in thousands of United States Dollars unless otherwise stated except share and per share data)	
These consolidated financial statements do not include adjustments or disclosures that may result should the Company not be able to continue as a going concern. If the going concern assumption were not appropriate for these consolidated financial statements, then adjustments would be required to the carrying value of assets and liabilities, the expenses, the reported comprehensive loss and balance sheet classifications used that would be necessary if the Company were unable to realize its assets and settle its liabilities as a going concern in the normal course of operations. These adjustments could be material.
2. BASIS OF PRESENTATION AND SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES
These consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards ("IFRS") as issued by the International Accounting Standards Board.  The consolidated financial statements have been prepared under the historical cost convention except for certain financial assets and liabilities measured at fair value.
Significant Accounting Policies
The principal accounting policies applied in the preparation of these consolidated financial statements are set out below.  The Company has consistently applied the accounting policies used in the preparation of its IFRS financial statements throughout all years presented, as if these policies had always been in effect except for the adoption of IFRS 16 Leases, ("IFRS 16") effective for the 2020 fiscal year.
a.   Consolidation
The consolidated financial statements include those of the Company, its subsidiaries, joint ventures and structured entities that it controls, using uniform accounting policies. Control exists when the Company has (i) power over the investee, (ii) exposure, or rights, to variable returns from its involvement with the investee, and (iii) the ability to use its power to affect its returns.
Non-controlling interests in the net assets of consolidated subsidiaries are identified separately from the Company's equity.
Subsidiaries are all entities over which the Company has control. Subsidiaries are fully consolidated from the date on which control is transferred to the Group. They are de-consolidated from the date that control ceases.
Inter-company transactions, balances and unrealized gains on transactions between Group companies are eliminated on consolidation. Unrealized losses are also eliminated unless the transaction provides evidence of an impairment of the asset transferred.
b.    Translation of foreign currencies
Functional currency
Items included in the financial statements of the Company and each of the Company's subsidiaries and equity accounted investees are measured using the currency of the primary economic environment in which the entity operates (the functional currency) as follows:

Platinum Group Metals Ltd.	Canadian Dollars	
Lion Battery Technologies Inc.	United States Dollars	
Platinum Group Metals (RSA) (Pty) Ltd.	South African Rand	
Mnombo Wethu Consultants (Pty) Limited	South African Rand	
Waterberg JV Resources (Pty) Ltd	South African Rand	
Presentation Currency
The Company's presentation currency is the United States Dollar ("USD")
Foreign Exchange Rates Used

 	7	

PLATINUM GROUP METALS LTD.
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements
(in thousands of United States Dollars unless otherwise stated except share and per share data)	
The following exchange rates were used when preparing these consolidated financial statements:

Rand/USD		
Year-end rate:	R14.5241(2020 R16.8916)	
Year average rate:	R15.0043 (2020 R16.0676)	
 
CAD/USD		
Year-end rate:	C$1.2617 (2020 C$1.3042)	
Year average rate:	C$1.2688 (2020 C$1.3458)	
Transactions and balances
Foreign currency transactions are translated into the relevant entity's functional currency using the exchange rates prevailing at the date of the transaction. Foreign currency gains and losses resulting from the settlement of such transactions and from the translation at period-end exchange rates of monetary assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies are recognized in the income statement.
Subsidiaries
The results and financial position of subsidiaries that have a functional currency different from the presentation currency are translated into the presentation currency as follows:
·	Assets and liabilities are translated at the closing rate at the reporting date;
·	Income and expenses are translated at average exchange rates for the period; and
·	All resulting exchange differences are recognized in other comprehensive income as cumulative translation adjustments.
c.   Joint Arrangements
The Company treats its investment in Lion Battery Technologies Inc. as a joint venture.  A joint venture is a joint arrangement whereby the parties that have joint control have rights to the net assets.  Joint ventures are accounted for using the equity method of accounting. 
d.   Change in ownership interests
The Company treats transactions with non-controlling interests that do not result in a loss of control as transactions with equity owners.  A change in ownership interest results in an adjustment between the carrying amounts of the controlling and non-controlling interests to reflect their relative interest in the subsidiary.  Any difference between the amount of the adjustment to non-controlling interests and any consideration received is recognized in a separate line in retained earnings.
e.   Mineral Properties and Exploration Assets
Exploration activity involves the search for mineral resources, the determination of technical feasibility and the assessment of commercial viability of an identified resource. 
Exploration and evaluation activity includes:
- acquiring the rights to explore;
- researching and analyzing historical exploration data;
- gathering exploration data through topographical, geochemical and geophysical studies;
- exploratory drilling, trenching and sampling;
- determining and examining the volume and grade of the resource;
- surveying transportation and infrastructure requirements; and
- compiling pre-feasibility and feasibility studies.
Exploration and evaluation expenditures on identifiable properties are capitalized. Exploration and evaluation assets are shown separately until technical feasibility and commercial viability is achieved at which point the relevant asset is transferred to development assets under property, plant and equipment. Capitalized costs are all considered to be tangible assets as they form part of the underlying mineral property.

 	8	

PLATINUM GROUP METALS LTD.
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements
(in thousands of United States Dollars unless otherwise stated except share and per share data)	
Capitalized exploration and evaluation assets are reviewed for impairment when facts or circumstances suggest an asset's carrying amount may exceed its recoverable amount and when the exploration and evaluation assets are transferred to development assets. If impairment is considered to exist, the related asset is written down to the greater of its value in use and its fair value less costs to sell.
h.          Property, plant and equipment
Property, plant and equipment are stated at cost less accumulated depreciation and accumulated impairment losses. The cost of an item of property, plant and equipment includes the purchase price or construction cost, any costs directly attributable to bringing the asset to the location and condition necessary for its intended use, an initial estimate of the costs of dismantling and removing the item and restoring the site on which it is located, and for qualifying assets, the associated borrowing costs.
Where an item of property, plant and equipment is comprised of major components with different useful lives, the components are accounted for as separate items of property, plant and equipment.
Once a mining project has been established as technically feasible and commercially viable, expenditure other than on land, buildings, plant and equipment is capitalised as part of "development assets" together with any related amount transferred from "exploration and evaluation assets". Capitalization of costs incurred ceases when the property is capable of operating at levels intended by management.
Subsequent costs are included in the asset's carrying amount only when it is probable that future economic benefits associated with the item will flow to the Company and the cost of the item can be reliably measured. All repairs and maintenance are expensed to profit or loss during the financial period in which they are incurred.
An item of property, plant and equipment is derecognized upon disposal or when no future economic benefits are expected to arise from the continued use of the asset. Any gain or loss arising on the disposal, retirement or scrapping of an item of property, plant and equipment is determined as the difference between the sales proceeds and the carrying amount of the asset and is recognized in profit or loss.
Property plant and equipment are recorded at cost and are depreciated on a straight-line basis over the following periods:

Vehicles	3-5 years	
Computer Equipment and software	3-5 years	
Furniture and Fixtures	5-10 years	
i.          Impairment
Tangible assets are reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount may not be recoverable.
The Company conducts internal reviews of asset values which are used to assess for any indications of impairment. External factors such as changes in expected future prices, costs and other market factors including market capitalization are also monitored to assess for indications of impairment.
If any such indication exists an estimate of the recoverable amount is undertaken, being the higher of an asset's fair value less costs to sell and its value in use. If the asset's carrying amount exceeds its recoverable amount, then an impairment loss is recognized.
Fair value is determined as the amount that would be obtained from the sale of the asset in an arm's length transaction between knowledgeable and willing parties. Fair value of mineral assets is generally determined as the present value of the estimated future cash flows expected to arise from the use of the asset, including any expansion prospects.

 	9	

PLATINUM GROUP METALS LTD.
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements
(in thousands of United States Dollars unless otherwise stated except share and per share data)	
Value in use is determined as the present value of the estimated future cash flows expected to arise from the continued use of the asset in its present form and from its ultimate disposal.
Tangible assets that have been impaired are tested for possible reversal of the impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the impairment may have reversed. When a reversal of a previous impairment is recorded, the reversal amount is adjusted for depreciation that would have been recorded had the impairment not taken place.
j.          Asset retirement obligations
Provisions for asset retirement obligations are made in respect of the estimated future costs of closure and restoration and for environmental rehabilitation costs (which include the dismantling and demolition of infrastructure, removal of residual materials and remediation of disturbed areas) in the accounting period when the related disturbance occurs.  The provision is discontinued using a risk-free pre-tax rate, and the unwinding of the discount is included in finance costs.  At the time of establishing the provision, a corresponding asset is capitalized and is depreciated over the future life of the asset to which it relates.  The provision is adjusted on an annual basis for changes in cost estimates, discount rates and inflation.
k.Trade payables
Trade payables are obligations to pay for goods or services that have been acquired in the ordinary course of business from suppliers.  Accounts payable are classified as current liabilities if payment is due within one year or less.  If not, they are presented as non-current liabilities.
l.Convertible Notes
At inception the debt component of the convertible notes is deemed to be the residual value of the net proceeds after the fair value of the embedded derivatives are separated.  The debt component is then measured at amortized cost using the effective interest method.  The embedded derivatives are revalued at each reporting period with the change in fair value being recorded in profit or loss in each reporting period. 
m.Share Capital
Common shares are classified as equity.  Incremental costs directly attributable to the issue of common shares and share options are recognized as a deduction from equity, net of any tax effect.
n. Share-based payment transactions
Stock options
Stock options are settled in equity.  The fair values for stock-based awards have been estimated using the Black-Scholes model and recorded as compensation cost over the period of vesting.  The compensation cost related to stock options granted is expensed or capitalized to mineral properties, as applicable.  Cash received on exercise of stock options is credited to share capital and the related amount previously recognized in contributed surplus is reclassified to share capital.
Restricted share units
Restricted share units ("RSU") represent an entitlement to one common share of the Corporation, upon vesting. RSUs provide the option of being settled in cash upon election by the Board of Directors. The fair value of RSUs granted is recognized as an expense over the vesting period and is measured at the time of grant. 

 	10	

PLATINUM GROUP METALS LTD.
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements
(in thousands of United States Dollars unless otherwise stated except share and per share data)	
Deferred share units
Deferred share units ("DSU's") are measured at fair value on grant date based on the market price of the Company's shares on the grant date.  DSU's are settled in cash based on the market price of the Company's shares on the entitlement date (which is when the respective director ceases to be a director of the Company).  The expense for DSU's is recognized over the vesting period and the DSU's are classified as a liability.  DSU liabilities are adjusted at each financial position reporting date for changes in fair value. Fully vested DSU's are revalued based on the market price of the Company's shares on the final day of the respective reporting period with changes in fair value being recognized in share-based compensation expenses.
o. Income taxes
Income tax expense represents the sum of the tax currently payable and deferred tax.
Current tax
Current tax expense is based on taxable profit for the year. Taxable profit differs from 'profit before tax' as reported in the consolidated statement of loss and other comprehensive loss because of items of income or expense that are taxable or deductible in other years and items that are never taxable or deductible. The Company's current tax is calculated using tax rates that have been enacted or substantively enacted by the end of the reporting period.
Deferred tax
Deferred tax is recognised on temporary differences between the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities in the consolidated financial statements and the corresponding tax bases used in the computation of taxable profit. Deferred tax liabilities are generally recognised for all taxable temporary differences.  Deferred tax assets are generally recognised for all deductible temporary differences to the extent that it is probable that taxable profits will be available against which those deductible temporary differences can be utilised. Such deferred tax assets and liabilities are not recognised if the temporary difference arises from the initial recognition (other than in a business combination) of assets and liabilities in a transaction that affects neither the taxable profit nor the accounting profit.
The carrying amount of deferred tax assets is reviewed at the end of each reporting period and reduced to the extent that it is no longer probable that sufficient taxable profits will be available to allow all or part of the asset to be recovered.
Deferred tax liabilities and assets are measured at the tax rates that are expected to apply in the period in which the liability is settled or the asset realised, based on tax rates (and tax laws) that have been enacted or substantively enacted by the end of the reporting period.
The measurement of deferred tax liabilities and assets reflects the tax consequences that would follow from the manner in which the Group expects, at the end of the reporting period, to recover or settle the carrying amount of its assets and liabilities. 
p. Loss per common share
Basic loss per common share is calculated using the weighted average number of common shares outstanding.  The Company uses the treasury stock method for the calculation of diluted earnings per share.  Diluted per share amounts reflect the potential dilution that could occur if securities or other contracts to issue common shares were exercised or converted to common shares. In periods when a loss is incurred, the effect of the potential issuances of shares is anti-dilutive, and accordingly basic and diluted loss per share are the same.
q. Financial instruments (prior to September 1, 2018)
In fiscal 2018, the carrying value of marketable securities was based on the quoted market prices of the shares as at August 31, 2018 and was therefore considered to be Level 1 as the Company anticipated disposing of these shares within the following fiscal year.
(i) Financial assets and liabilities
Loans and receivables – Loans and receivables comprised of cash and cash equivalents, amounts receivable and performance bonds. Loans and receivables are non-derivative financial assets with fixed or determinable payments that are not quoted in an active market. They were classified as current assets or non-current assets based on their maturity date. Loans and receivables were initially recognized at fair value and subsequently carried at amortized cost less any impairment.
Financial liabilities were classified as either financial liabilities or at fair value through profit or loss.
Financial liabilities - Other financial liabilities were initially measured at fair value, net of transaction costs and were subsequently measured at amortized cost using the effective interest method, with interest expense recognized on an effective yield basis.  The Company had classified accounts payable, accrued liabilities and the debt portion of the convertible notes as other financial liabilities. 
Fair value through profit or loss - The Company had classified the convertible note derivative as fair value through profit or loss and adjusted the fair value each quarter.
(ii) Impairment of financial assets
The Company assessed at each reporting date whether there is objective evidence that a financial asset or a group of financial assets was impaired. Impairment losses on financial assets carried at amortized cost were reversed in subsequent periods if the amount of the loss decreased and the decrease could be related objectively to an event occurring after the impairment was recognized.
r.          Financial instruments (since September 1, 2018)
Classification
The Company classifies its financial instruments in the following categories: at fair value through profit and loss, at fair value through other comprehensive income (loss), or at amortized cost. The Company determines the classification of financial assets at initial recognition. The classification of debt instruments is driven by the Company's business model for managing the financial assets and the debt's contractual cash flow characteristics. Equity instruments that are held for trading are classified as FVTPL. For other equity instruments, on the day of acquisition the Company can make an irrevocable election (on an instrument-by-instrument basis) to designate them as at FVTOCI. Financial liabilities are measured at amortized cost, unless they are required to be measured at FVTPL (such as instruments held for trading or derivatives) or if the Company has opted to measure them at FVTPL.

 	11	

PLATINUM GROUP METALS LTD.
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements
(in thousands of United States Dollars unless otherwise stated except share and per share data)	
Measurement
Financial assets and liabilities at amortized cost are initially recognized at fair value plus or minus transaction costs, respectively, and subsequently carried at amortized cost less any impairment.  Financial assets and liabilities carried at FVTPL are initially recorded at fair value and transaction costs are expensed in the consolidated statements of comprehensive loss. Realized and unrealized gains and losses arising from changes in the fair value of the financial assets and liabilities held at FVTPL are included in the consolidated statements of comprehensive loss in the period in which they arise.
Derecognition of Financial assets
The Company derecognizes financial assets only when the contractual rights to cash flows from the financial assets expire, or when it transfers the financial assets and substantially all of the associated risks and rewards of ownership to another entity. Gains and losses on derecognition are generally recognized in the consolidated statements of comprehensive loss.
s. Accounting Standards Adopted
Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements
The IASB has made amendments to IAS 1, Presentation of Financial Statements ("IAS 1") which use a consistent definition of materiality throughout IFRS and the Conceptual Framework for Financial Reporting, clarify when information is material and incorporate some of the guidance in IAS 1 about immaterial information.  In particular, the amendments clarify that information is material if omitting, misstating or obscuring it could reasonably be expected to influence decisions that the primary users of general purpose financial statements make on the basis of those financial statements, which provide financial information about a specific reporting entity .  Materiality depends on the nature or magnitude of information, or both. An entity assesses whether information, either individually or in combination with other information, is material in the context of its financial statements taken as a whole.  The Company adopted IAS 1 on September 1, 2020, which did not have a significant impact on the consolidated financial statement disclosures.
Accounting standards issued but not yet effective
Accounting standards or amendments to existing accounting standards that have been issued but have future effective dates are either not applicable or are not expected to have a significant impact on the Company's financial statements.
3.           SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING JUDGEMENTS AND ESTIMATES
The preparation of the financial statements in conformity with IFRS requires the use of judgments and estimates that affect the amount reported and disclosed in the consolidated financial statements and related notes. These judgments and estimates are based on management's best knowledge of the relevant facts and circumstances, having regard to previous experience, but actual results may differ materially from the amounts included in the financial statements. Information about such judgments and estimation is contained in the accounting policies and notes to the financial statements, and the key areas are summarized below.
Areas of judgment and key sources of estimation uncertainty that have the most significant effect on the amounts recognized in these consolidated financial statements are:
•      Determination of ore reserves and mineral resource estimates

 	12	

PLATINUM GROUP METALS LTD.
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements
(in thousands of United States Dollars unless otherwise stated except share and per share data)	
•      Determination of Commercial Viability and Technical Feasibility of the Waterberg Project
•      Assumption of control of Mnombo for accounting purposes
Each of these judgments and estimates is considered in their respective notes or in more detail below.
Determination of ore reserve and mineral resource estimates
The Company estimates its ore reserves and mineral resources based on information compiled by Qualified Persons as defined by National Instrument 43-101 – Standards of Disclosure for Mineral Projects  (“NI 43-101”).  The Company relied upon these estimates when assessing impairment upon the transfer of assets from capitalized exploration costs to development costs.  There are numerous uncertainties inherent in estimating ore reserves, and assumptions that are valid at the time of estimation and they may change significantly when new information becomes available. Changes in the forecast prices of commodities, exchange rates, production costs or recovery rates may change the economic status of reserves and may, ultimately, result in reserves being restated.
Determination of Commercial Viability and Technical Feasibility of the Waterberg Project
The application of the Company's accounting policy for mineral property development costs required judgment to determine when technical feasibility and commercial viability of the Waterberg Project was demonstrable. The Company considered the positive NI 43-101 compliant Feasibility Study published December 5, 2019 combined with the granting of a mining right on February 3, 2021 that commercial viability and technical feasibility of the Waterberg Project had been confirmed. At this point, the capitalized acquisition costs were assessed for impairment, and reclassified to mineral property development costs within property, plant and equipment.
Prior to reclassification, the carrying value of the Waterberg project was assessed for impairment, wherein the carrying value of the project was compared with the recoverable amount. The recoverable amount was determined as the fair value less cost of disposal (FVLCD) using a discounted cash flow model. Determining the FVLCD required management to make estimates and assumptions with respect to quantities of ore reserves and mineral resources, recovery rates, forecast prices of commodities, exchange rates, future production and sales volumes, future production costs, capital and reclamation costs and the discount rate. Quantities of ore reserves and mineral resources, recovery rates, future production and sales volumes as well as expected future production costs, capital and reclamation costs are based on information compiled by Qualified Persons as defined by NI 43-101.
Assumption of control of Mnombo and Waterberg JV Co. for accounting purposes
The Company has judged that it controls Mnombo for accounting purposes as it owns 49.9% of the outstanding shares of Mnombo and has contributed all material capital to Mnombo since acquiring its 49.9% share. Currently there are no other sources of funding known to be available to Mnombo. If in the future Mnombo is not deemed to be controlled by the Company, the assets and liabilities of Mnombo would be derecognized at their carrying amounts. Amounts recognized in other comprehensive income would be transferred directly to retained earnings. If a retained interest remained after the loss of control it would be recognized at its fair value on the date of loss of control. Although the Company controls Mnombo for accounting purposes, it does not have omnipotent knowledge of Mnombo's other shareholders activities. Mnombo's 50.1% shareholders are historically disadvantaged South Africans. The Company also determined that it controls Waterberg JV Co. given its control over Mnombo as well as its power over the investee.
4. MINERAL PROPERTY and EXPLORATION AND EVALUATION ASSETS
Since mid-2017, the Company's only active mineral property has been the Waterberg Project located on the North Limb of the Bushveld Igneous Complex. During the current year the Waterberg Project was granted its mining right (the "Waterberg Mining Right") and as a result the Company reclassified the Waterberg Project from being an Exploration and Evaluation Asset to a Development Asset.
Total capitalized costs for the Waterberg Project are as follows:

Balance, August 31, 2019	$	36,792	 	
Additions	 	2,988	 	
Recoveries from 100% Implats funded implementation budget	 	(1,285	)	
Foreign exchange movement	 	(3,556	)	
Balance, August 31, 2020	$	34,939	 	
Additions	 	3,745	 	
Recoveries from 100% Implats funded implementation budget	 	(229	)	
Foreign exchange movement	 	5,498	 	
Balance August 31, 2021	$	43,953	 	
 
 	13	

PLATINUM GROUP METALS LTD.
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements
(in thousands of United States Dollars unless otherwise stated except share and per share data)	
Prior to reclassification on February 28, 2021, the Company performed an impairment test whereby the recoverable amount of Waterberg was compared to the carrying value of the $39,642 and determined that no impairment charge was required.
Key assumptions used to assess impairment included the use of 3 year average palladium, platinum and gold prices as well as an 12% discount rate.
Waterberg Project
At August 31, 2021, the Waterberg Project consisted of granted prospecting rights, applied for prospecting rights and the Waterberg Mining Right with a combined active project area of 79,188 hectares, located on the Northern Limb of the Bushveld Complex, approximately 85 km north of the town of Mokopane. Of the total project area, 20,532 hectares are covered by the Waterberg Mining Right. A further 58,655 hectares are covered by active prospecting rights. Waterberg JV Co. is currently in process of applying for closure on one inactive prospecting right located north of the known mineralized area, measuring 20,242 hectares.
On March 5, 2021 and subsequently the Company received three notices of appeal to the January 28, 2021 decision of the South African Department of Mineral Resources and Energy ("DMR") granting the Waterberg Mining Right filed by appellants from local communities. One group filed an application for an order in the High Court of South Africa to review and set aside the decision by the Minister of the Department of Forestry, Fisheries, and the Environment to refuse condonation for the late filing of an appeal against the grant of an environmental authorization for the mine in November 2020. On July 30, 2021, Waterberg JV Co. received a restraint application from a group located near planned surface infrastructure. Another host community has applied to join as a party to the application in support of the Waterberg Mine. Waterberg JV Resources (Pty) Limited ("Waterberg JV Co.") is opposing the court applications as well as all appeals received. A time frame for the hearing of court applications or the settlement of appeals is uncertain. The Waterberg Mining Right currently remains active, was notarially executed by the DMR on April 13, 2021 and was registered at the Mineral and Petroleum Titles Registration Office on July 6, 2021.
The Waterberg Project comprises the former Waterberg joint venture property and the Waterberg extension property. On August 21, 2017, PTM RSA completed the cession of legal title for all Waterberg Project prospecting rights into Waterberg JV Co. after earlier receiving Section 11 approval of the 2nd Amendment (defined below). On September 21, 2017, Waterberg JV Co. also issued shares to all existing Waterberg partners pro rata to their joint venture interests, resulting in the Company holding a 45.65% direct interest in Waterberg JV Co., Japan Oil, Gas and Metals National Corporation ("JOGMEC") holding a 28.35% interest and Mnombo, as the Company's Black Economic Empowerment ("BEE") partner, holding 26%. JOGMEC has since sold 44.4% of its interest (9.76% of the Waterberg Project) to Hanwa Co., Ltd ("Hanwa").
Implats Transaction
On November 6, 2017, the Company closed a transaction (the "Implats Transaction"), originally announced on October 16, 2017, whereby Impala Platinum Holdings Ltd. ("Implats") purchased an aggregate 15.0% equity interest in Waterberg JV Co for $30 million. The Company sold an 8.6% interest for $17.2 million and JOGMEC sold a 6.4% interest for $12.8 million. As part of the transaction, Implats also acquired an option to increase its holdings in Waterberg JV Co. to 50.01% (the "Purchase and Development Option") in exchange for certain payments and project funding, and a right of first refusal to enter into an offtake agreement, on commercial arm's-length terms, for the smelting and refining of mineral products from the Waterberg Project ("Offtake ROFR") if Waterberg JV Co. proposes to enter into an offtake agreement with a third party. JOGMEC or its nominee retain a right to direct the marketing of Waterberg concentrate and to receive, at market prices, platinum, palladium, rhodium, gold, ruthenium, iridium, copper and nickel in refined mineral products at the volumes produced from the Waterberg Project.
On June 15, 2020, Implats delivered a formal notice of their election not to exercise their Purchase and Development Option due to increased economic uncertainty and reduced risk appetite in the short, medium and long-term as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic. Implats currently retains a 15.0% participating Waterberg Project interest and the Offtake ROFR. The Company retains a controlling 50.02% direct and indirect interest in the Waterberg Project.

 	14	

PLATINUM GROUP METALS LTD.
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements
(in thousands of United States Dollars unless otherwise stated except share and per share data)	
Acquisition and Development of the Waterberg Project
In October 2009, PTM RSA, JOGMEC and Mnombo entered into a joint venture agreement with regard to the Waterberg Project (the "JOGMEC Agreement"). Under the terms of the JOGMEC Agreement, in April 2012, JOGMEC completed a $3.2 million work requirement to earn a 37% interest in the former Waterberg JV property, leaving the Company with a 37% interest and Mnombo with a 26% interest. Following JOGMEC's earn-in, the Company funded Mnombo's 26% share of costs, totalling $1.12 million, until the earn-in phase of the joint venture ended in May 2012.
On November 7, 2011, the Company entered an agreement with Mnombo to acquire 49.9% of the issued and outstanding shares of Mnombo in exchange for a cash payment of R1.2 million and the Company's agreement to pay for Mnombo's 26% share of costs on the Waterberg JV property until the completion of a feasibility study. Mnombo's share of expenditures prior to this agreement, and Mnombo's share of expenditures post DFS, are still owed to the Company ($6.9 million at August 31, 2021). The portion of Mnombo not owned by the Company is accounted for as a non-controlling interest, calculated at $7.4 million at August 31, 2021 ($7.1 million - August 31, 2020).
On May 26, 2015, the Company announced a second amendment (the "2nd Amendment") to the existing JOGMEC Agreement. Under the terms of the 2nd Amendment, the Waterberg JV and Waterberg Extension properties were combined and contributed into the newly created operating company Waterberg JV Co. On August 3, 2017, the Company received Section 11 transfer approval from the DMR and title to all the Waterberg prospecting rights were ceded into Waterberg JV Co. on September 21, 2017.
Under the 2nd Amendment, JOGMEC committed to fund $20 million in expenditures over a three-year period ending March 31, 2018. This requirement was completed by $8 million in funding from JOGMEC to March 31, 2016, followed by two $6 million tranches funded by JOGMEC in each of the following two 12-month periods ending March 31, 2018.
To August 31, 2021, an aggregate total of $77.5 million has been funded by all parties on exploration and engineering on the Waterberg Project. Up until the Waterberg property was transferred to Waterberg JV Co., all costs incurred by other parties were treated as cost recoveries by the Company.
5.           LION BATTERY TECHNOLOGIES INC.
Lion was incorporated on June 17, 2019 with the objective to research new lithium battery technology utilizing platinum and palladium.  The Company received 400,000 common shares of Lion, valued at a price of $0.01 per share, as the original founder of Lion. On July 12, 2019, the Company and Anglo American Platinum Limited ("Amplats") entered into investment, shareholder and research agreements to facilitate Lion's objectives.  The Company and Amplats agreed to equally invest up to an aggregate of $4.0 million into Lion, of which approximately $1.0 million would be intended for the commercialization of the technology developed as well as general and administrative expenses, subject to certain conditions.  On July 6, 2021 the Company and Amplats agreed to increase the planned funding to Lion by a further $2.726 million, to a total of up to $6.726 million, in order to allow the acceleration of certain research and commercialization activities.  All agreed funding into Lion by the Company and Amplats is to be exchanged for preferred shares of Lion at a price of $0.50 per share over an approximate three to five year period. 
On July 12, 2019, the Company and Amplats each invested $550 as a first tranche of funding into Lion in exchange for 1,100,000 Lion preferred shares each at a price of $0.50 per share.  In June 2020, the Company and Amplats each invested $350 as a second tranche of funding in exchange for 700,000 preferred shares each at a price of $0.50 per share.  In February 2021, the Company and Amplats each invested $350 as a third tranche of funding in exchange for 700,000 preferred shares each at a price of $0.50 per share.  At August 31, 2021, the Company owned approximately a 54% interest in Lion.

 	15	

PLATINUM GROUP METALS LTD.
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements
(in thousands of United States Dollars unless otherwise stated except share and per share data)	
On July 12, 2019, Lion entered into a Sponsored Research Agreement ("SRA") with Florida International University ("FIU") to fund a $3.0 million research program over approximately three years.  On July 6, 2021 Lion agreed to increase the planned amount of research funding to FIU by a further amount of $1.0 million, for a total of up to $4.0 million.  The first tranche to FIU under the SRA, totaling $1.0 million plus a one-time fee of $50, was funded by Lion in mid July 2019.  Research work commenced at FIU during September 2019.  During calendar 2020 FIU completed the first research milestone  pursuant to the SRA, which triggered a second tranche of funding to FIU in the amount of $667.  Based on research advancement a third tranche in the amount of $667 was paid by Lion to FIU in February 2021.  Lion has provided aggregate research funding in the amount of $2.38 million to FIU as of August 31, 2021.  At August 31, 2021 the Company had $144 in unused losses from Lion available.
On August 4, 2020, the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office issued Patent No. 10,734,636 B2 entitled "Battery Cathodes for Improved Stability" to FIU. The patent includes the use of platinum group metals and carbon nanotubes and other innovations in a lithium battery.  A second patent related to this was issued in December 2020 and a third was issued in June 2021.  Further patents are currently applied for.  Under the SRA, Lion has exclusive rights to all intellectual property being developed by FIU including patents granted.  Lion is also reviewing several additional and complementary opportunities focused on developing next-generation battery technology using platinum and palladium.
The Company accounts for Lion using equity accounting as Lion is jointly controlled with Amplats.  Lion pays a fee of $3 per month to the Company for general and administrative services. 
6.           SPROTT LOAN
On August 15, 2019, the Company announced it had entered into a senior secured credit facility with Sprott Private Resource Lending II (Collector), LP ("Sprott") and other lenders party thereto (the "Sprott Lenders") pursuant to which the Sprott Lenders advanced the Company $20.0 million in principal (the "Sprott Facility"). The loan was immediately drawn and was originally scheduled to mature on August 14, 2021. Principal amounts of the Sprott Facility outstanding are charged interest at a rate of 11% per annum, compounded monthly. The Company elected to exercise an option to extend the maturity date of $10.0 million in principal by one year in exchange for a payment in cash of $300, being equal to three percent of the outstanding principal amount not being repaid on the original maturity date. During fiscal 2021 the Company made principal repayments of $10.6 million to Sprott, reducing the principal balance due at August 31, 2021 to $9.4 million. Subsequent to year end, the Company has made further principal repayments of $4.9 million, bringing the principal balance due down to $3.6 million as of the date of publication for these consolidated financial statements. Scheduled interest payments are made monthly with interest of $1,590 having been paid to Sprott during the year ended August 31, 2021 (August 31, 2020 - $2,237).
The Company is required to maintain certain minimum working capital and cash balances under the Sprott Facility and is in compliance with these covenants at year end.
All fees directly attributable to the Sprott Facility are recorded against the loan balance and amortized using the effective interest method over the life of the loan, with the exception of $300 fee paid to Sprott to extend $10.0 million of the loan for one year which was offset by the accounting gain recognized of $348. In connection with the original principal advance the Company issued Sprott 800,000 common shares worth $1,000. Effective interest of $2,120 was recognized during the year ended August 31, 2021 (August 31, 2020 - $2,809).
7. CONVERTIBLE NOTES
On June 30, 2017, the Company closed a private placement of $20 million aggregate principal amount of convertible senior subordinated notes due in 2022, of which $19.99 million remained outstanding at August 31, 2021 (the "Convertible Notes"). The Convertible Notes bear interest at a rate of 6 7/8% per annum, payable semi-annually on January 1 and July 1 of each year in cash or at the election of the Company, in common shares of the Company or a combination of cash and common shares, and will mature on July 1, 2022, unless earlier repurchased, redeemed or converted.
Upon maturity the Convertible Notes are to be settled by the Company in cash. The Convertible Notes are convertible at any time prior to maturity at the option of the holder, and conversion may be settled, at the Company's election, in cash, common shares, or a combination of cash and common shares. The conversion rate of the Convertible Notes is 100.1111 common shares per $1.0 thousand principal amount of Convertible Notes, which is equivalent to an initial conversion price of approximately $9.989 per common share, representing a conversion premium of approximately 15% above the NYSE American closing sale price for the Company's common shares on June 27, 2017.

 	16	

PLATINUM GROUP METALS LTD.
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements
(in thousands of United States Dollars unless otherwise stated except share and per share data)	
The Convertible Notes contain multiple embedded derivatives (the "Convertible Note Derivatives") relating to the conversion and redemption options. The Convertible Note Derivatives were valued upon initial recognition at fair value using partial differential equation methods at $5.381 million (see below). At inception, the debt portion of the Convertible Notes were reduced by the estimated fair value of the Convertible Note Derivatives of $5.381 million and transaction costs relating to the Convertible Notes of $1.049 million resulting in an opening balance of $13.570 million. The Convertible Notes are measured at amortized cost and will be accreted to maturity over the term using the effective interest method.
On January 2, 2018, the Company issued 244,063 common shares in settlement of $0.691 million of bi-annual interest payable on the outstanding Convertible Notes. 
On July 3, 2018, the Company issued 757,924 common shares in settlement of $0.724 million of bi-annual interest payable on the outstanding Convertible Notes. 
On January 2, 2019, the Company issued 545,721 common shares in settlement of $0.687 million of bi-annual interest payable on the outstanding Convertible Notes.
On July 1, 2019, the Company paid $0.687 million in cash for bi-annual interest payable on the outstanding Convertible Notes.
On January 2, 2020, the Company issued 517,468 common shares in settlement of $0.687 million of bi-annual interest payable on the outstanding Convertible Notes.
On July 2, 2020, the Company issued 526,471 common shares in settlement of $0.687 million of bi-annual interest payable on the outstanding Convertible Notes.
On January 2, 2021, the Company paid $0.687 million in cash for bi-annual interest payable on the outstanding Convertible Notes.
On July 2, 2021, the Company paid $0.687 million in cash for bi-annual interest payable on the outstanding Convertible Notes.
Due to a limitation on conversion contained in the indenture governing the Convertible Notes, dated June 30, 2017 between the Company and The Bank of New York Mellon, no more than 2,954,278 common shares, being 19.9% of the number of common shares outstanding on June 30, 2017, may be issued in settlement of interest payments or conversions related to the Convertible Notes.  Currently, a total of 361,312 common shares remain available for settlement of future interest payments or conversions.
The components of the Convertible Notes are as follows:

Convertible Note balance August 31, 2019	$	16,075	 	
Interest payments	 	(1,374	)	
Accretion and interest incurred during the year	 	2,668	 	
Gain on embedded derivatives during the year ended August 31, 2020	 	(157	)	
Convertible Note balance August 31, 2020	$	17,212	 	
Interest payment	 	(1,374	)	
Accretion and interest incurred during the year	 	2,930	 	
Gain on embedded derivatives during the year ended August 31, 2021	 	(52	)	
Convertible Note balance August 31, 2021	$	18,716	 	
Embedded Derivatives

 	17	

PLATINUM GROUP METALS LTD.
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements
(in thousands of United States Dollars unless otherwise stated except share and per share data)	
The Convertible Note Derivatives were valued upon initial recognition at a fair value of $5.381 million using partial differential equation methods and are subsequently re-measured at fair value at each period-end through the consolidated statement of net loss and comprehensive loss. A gain of $52 was recognized on the fair value of the Convertible Note Derivatives at August 31, 2021, (August 31, 2020 - $157 gain).
8.  SHARE CAPITAL
(a) Authorized
Unlimited common shares without par value.
(b) Issued and outstanding
At August 31, 2021, the Company had 75,271,126 common shares outstanding including 81,409 shares sold for the net proceeds of $218 on or before August 31, 2021 and issued September 1 and 2, 2021 pursuant to an at-the-market offering ("ATM Offering") governed by the terms of an equity distribution agreement with BMO Capital Markets.
Fiscal 2021
On February 5, 2021, the Company entered into a second at-the-market offering (the "2021 ATM"). At August 31, 2021, the Company had sold an aggregate of 2,502,790 shares pursuant to the 2021 ATM at an average price of $4.38 per share for gross proceeds of $10,951. Total fees and expenses of $701 have been incurred as of August 31, 2021 in relation to the 2021 ATM. Subsequent to the end of the fiscal year, to November 22, 2021 the Company sold a further 4,433,448 shares pursuant to the 2021 ATM at an average price of US$2.63 for net proceeds of $11.4 million.
On December 8, 2020, the Company closed a non-brokered private placement with Deepkloof Limited ("Deepkloof"), a subsidiary of existing major shareholder Hosken Consolidated Investments Limited ("HCI") for 1,121,076 common shares at a price of $2.23 each for gross proceeds of $2,500 maintaining, HCI's ownership in the Company at approximately 31% at that time.
On November 30, 2020, the Company completed the sale of common shares pursuant to an at-the-market offering (the "2020 ATM"). Final sales were settled, and the 2020 ATM completed, on December 2, 2020. An aggregate of 5,440,186 common shares were sold at an average price of $2.21 per share for gross proceeds of $12.0 million. Total fees and expenses of $592 were incurred.
On October 15, 2020, the Company closed a non-brokered private placement for 1,146,790 common shares at a price of $2.18 per share for gross proceeds of $2.5 million. All shares were subscribed for by Deepkloof, maintaining HCI's ownership in the Company at approximately 31% at that time.
Fiscal 2020
On July 2, 2020, the Company issued 526,471 common shares in settlement of $687 of bi-annual interest payable on $19.99 million of outstanding Convertible Notes.
On June 17, 2020, the Company closed a non-brokered private placement for 1,221,500 common shares at a price of $1.40 each for gross proceeds of $1.7 million, of which 500,000 common shares were subscribed for by HCI, bringing HCI's ownership in the Company to approximately 32%. A 6% finders fee in the amount of $38 was paid on a portion of this private placement.
On January 2, 2020, the Company issued 517,468 shares in settlement of $0.687 million of bi-annual interest payable on $19.99 million outstanding on the Convertible Notes.
On December 19, 2019, the Company closed a non-brokered private placement for 3,225,807 common shares at a price of $1.24 each for gross proceeds of $4.0 million, of which 1,612,931 common shares were subscribed for by Deepkloof on behalf of HCI. A 6% finders fee in the amount of $54 was paid on a portion of this private placement.

 	18	

PLATINUM GROUP METALS LTD.
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements
(in thousands of United States Dollars unless otherwise stated except share and per share data)	
Prior to their expiry on November 15, 2019, the Company issued 28,040 shares upon the exercise of 28,040 warrants.
(c) Incentive stock options
The Company has entered into Incentive Stock Option Agreements under the terms of its share compensation plan with directors, officers, consultants and employees. Under the terms of the stock option agreements, the exercise price of each option is set, at a minimum, at the fair value of the common shares at the date of grant.  Stock options of the Company are subject to vesting provisions.  All exercise prices are denominated in Canadian Dollars.
The following tables summarize the Company's outstanding stock options:

 	Number of Share
Options	Average Exercise
Price in CAD	
Options outstanding at August 31, 2019	1,554,000	$  2.61	
      Granted	1,628,500	$  1.81	
Options outstanding at August 31, 2020	3,182,500	$  2.20	
      Granted	  1,596,500	$  6.41	
      Forfeited	(126,936)	$  2.27	
      Exercised	(843,543)	$  2.21	
Options outstanding at August 31, 2021	3,808,521	$  3.96	
 
Number Outstanding
at August 31, 2021	Number Exercisable
at August 31, 2021	Exercise Price in
CAD	Average Remaining
Contractual Life (Years)	
1,497,500	-	$	6.58	4.30	
99,000	-	$	3.90	4.94	
1,058,502	94,769	$	2.61	2.61	
1,153,519	122,519	$	1.81	3.26	
3,808,521	217,288	 	 	3.40	
 	 	 	 	 	
During the year ended August 31, 2021, the Company granted 1,596,500 stock options.  The stock options granted during the year vest in three tranches on the first, second and third anniversary of their grant.
During the year ended August 31, 2020, the Company granted 1,628,500 stock options.  The stock options granted during the year vest in three tranches on the first, second and third anniversary of their grant. 
During the year ended August 31, 2021, the Company recorded $2,230 of stock compensation expense (August 31, 2020 - $1,157), of which $1,987 was expensed (August 31, 2020 - $1,032) and $243 was capitalized to mineral properties (August 31, 2020 - $125).
The Company used the Black-Scholes model to determine the grant date fair value of stock options granted.  The following assumptions were used in valuing stock options granted during the years ending August 31, 2021 and August 31, 2020:

Year ended	August 31, 2021	August 31, 2020	
Risk-free interest rate	0.41%	1.56%	
Expected life of options	3.9 years	3.9 years	
Annualized volatility1	88%	82%	
Forfeiture rate	2.0%	2.1%	
Dividend rate	0.0%	0.0%	
1The Company uses its historical volatility as the basis for the expected volatility assumption in the Black Scholes option pricing model.	
 	19	

PLATINUM GROUP METALS LTD.
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements
(in thousands of United States Dollars unless otherwise stated except share and per share data)	
(d) Deferred Share Units
The Company has established a deferred share unit ("DSU") plan for non-executive directors.  Each DSU has the same value as one of the Company's common shares.  DSU's must be retained until each non-executive director leaves the board of directors, after which time the DSU's are to be paid.  During the year ended August 31, 2021, a total of 23,166 DSUs were redeemed by a former director at a price of $3.23 per DSU, calculated using the 5-day volume weighted average trading price immediately prior to the payout.
The DSU liability recognized at August 31, 2021 was $1,223.  During the year ended August 31, 2021 an expense of $742 was recorded in relation to outstanding DSUs (August 31, 2020 - $387), with $591 recorded as share-based compensation (August 31, 2020 - $245) and $151 recorded as director fees (August 31, 2020 - $142).  During the year ended August 31, 2021 fully vested DSUs were revalued and a $9 recovery was recorded to reflect the increased value of the fully vested DSUs due to the Company's share price appreciation.  At August 31, 2021, a total of 503,951 DSUs were issued and outstanding, of which 304,991 DSUs had vested. 
(e) Restricted Share Units
The Company has established a restricted share unit ("RSU") plan for officers and certain employees of the Company.  Each RSU represents the right to receive one Company common share following the attainment of vesting criteria determined at the time of the award.  RSUs vest over a three-year period.
The recognised RSU liability at August 31, 2021 was $770.  During the year ended August 31, 2021, a stock compensation expense of $675 was recorded (May 31, 2020 - $266) of which $598 expensed (May 31, 2020 - $226) and $77 was capitalized (May 31, 2020 - $40).  During the period, 121,668 RSUs were settled and 24,188 were cancelled.  At August 31, 2021, 547,992 RSUs were issued and outstanding, with 53,438 of these being vested.
9. NON-CONTROLLING INTEREST
The table below shows details of non-wholly owned subsidiaries of the Group that have material non-controlling interests:

Company	Proportion of
ownership and
voting rights held
by non-controlling
interests	Loss allocated to
non-controlling
interests	Accumulated
non-controlling
interests	
 	2021	2020	2021	2020	2021	2020	
Mnombo Wethu Consultants (Pty) Limited	50.1%	50.1%	-	-	7,445	7,064	
Waterberg JV Co1	63.05%	63.05%	-	-	10,140	9,062	
 	 	 	 	Total	$17,585	$16,126	
1Includes the 26% owned by Mnombo
10. RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS
All amounts receivable and amounts payable owing to or from related parties are non-interest bearing with no specific terms of repayment. Transactions with related parties are in the normal course of business and are recorded at consideration established and agreed to by the parties. Transactions with related parties are as follows:
(a) During the year ended August 31, 2021, $858 (August 31, 2020 - $313) was paid or accrued to independent directors for directors' fees and services.
(b) During the year ended August 31, 2021, the Company paid or accrued payments of $57 (August 31, 2020 - $54) from West Vault Mining Inc., for accounting and administrative services. During the year the Company's former President, CEO and Board Member Michael Jones resigned from all positions at both the Company and West Vault Mining leaving the Company and West Vault Mining with one officer in common at year end.

 	20	

PLATINUM GROUP METALS LTD.
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements
(in thousands of United States Dollars unless otherwise stated except share and per share data)	
(c) In May 2018, Deepkloof made a strategic investment in the Company by way of participation in a public offering and a private placement. Through the terms of the May 2018 private placement, HCI acquired a right to nominate one person to the board of directors of the Company and a right to participate in future equity financings of the Company to maintain its pro-rata interest. HCI has exercised its right to nominate one person to the board of directors. A summary of HCI's share acquisitions form the Company follows:

Common Shares Acquired from the Company by HCI	
Date	Placee	Shares	Price USD	Acquisition Method	
May 2018	Deepkloof	2,490,900	$1.50	Prospectus Offering	
May 2018	Deepkloof	1,509,099	$1.50	Private Placement	
February 2019	Deepkloof	2,141,942	$1.33	Private Placement	
April 2019	Deepkloof	177,000	$1.70	Exercise of Warrants	
June 2019	Deepkloof	80,000	$1.70	Exercise of Warrants	
June 2019	Deepkloof	1,111,111	$1.17	Private Placement	
August 2019	Deepkloof	6,940,000	$1.32	Private Placement	
August 2019	Deepkloof	2,856,000	$1.25	Prospectus Offering	
December 2019	Deepkloof	1,612,931	$1.24	Private Placement	
June 2020	Deepkloof	500,000	$1.40	Private Placement	
October 2020	Deepkloof	1,146,790	$2.18	Private Placement	
December 2020	Deepkloof	1,121,076	$2.23	Private Placement	
 	 	21,686,849	 	 	
During 2018 and 2019, HCI also acquired 663,005 shares of the Company in the public market. During the year ended August 31, 2021 HCI reported the sale of 1,052,328 common shares of the Company. At August 31, 2021, HCI's ownership of the Company was reported at 21,297,526 common shares, representing a 28.33% interest in the Company.
Key Management Compensation
The remuneration the CEO, CFO and other key management personnel and the directors during the years ended August 31, 2021 to 2019 is as follows:

Year ended	 	August 31,
2021	 	 	August 31,
2020	 	 	August 31,
2019	 	
Salaries	$	1,236	 	$	916	 	$	927	 	
Severance1	 	828	 	 	-	 	 	-	 	
Directors fees	 	241	 	 	261	 	 	171	 	
Share-based payments - management	 	2,556	 	 	907	 	 	393	 	
Share-based payments - directors	 	617	 	 	52	 	 	155	 	
Total	$	5,478	 	$	2,136	 	$	1,646	 	
1During the year, the Company's former President and CEO resigned from the Company.
11. CONTINGENCIES AND COMMITMENTS
The Company's remaining minimum payments under its office and equipment lease agreements in Canada and South Africa total approximately $282 to February 2024.
From period end the Company's aggregate commitments are as follows:

 	21	

PLATINUM GROUP METALS LTD.
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements
(in thousands of United States Dollars unless otherwise stated except share and per share data)	
 
Payments Due by Year	 	
 	 	< 1 Year	 	 	1 - 3 Years	 	 	4 - 5 Years	 	 	> 5 Years	 	 	Total	 	
Lease Obligations	$	120	 	$	162	 	$	-	 	$	-	 	$	282	 	
Environmental Bonds	 	41	 	 	83	 	 	83	 	 	-	 	 	207	 	
Discovery Drilling	 	266	 	 	-	 	 	-	 	 	-	 	 	266	 	
Convertible Notes (Note 7)(1)	 	21,364	 	 	-	 	 	-	 	 	-	 	 	21,364	 	
Sprott Facility (Note 6)(1)	 	10,578	 	 	-	 	 	-	 	 	-	 	 	10,578	 	
Totals	$	32,369	 	$	245	 	$	83	 	$	-	 	$	32,697	 	
Notes:
(1) Includes unamortized deferred finance fees.

Africa Wide Legal Action
In April 2018, the Company completed a transaction whereby Maseve Investments 11 (Pty) Ltd. ("Maseve") was acquired (the "Maseve Sale Transaction") by Royal Bafokeng Platinum Ltd. ("RBPlats"). Maseve owned and operated the Maseve Mine. In September 2018, the Company reported receipt of a summons issued by Africa Wide Mineral Prospecting and Exploration Proprietary Limited ("Africa Wide") whereby Africa Wide instituted legal proceedings in South Africa against PTM RSA, RBPlats and Maseve in relation to the Maseve Sale Transaction. Africa Wide held 17.1% of the shares in Maseve prior to completion of the Maseve Sale Transaction. Africa Wide is seeking, at this late date, to set aside the closed Maseve Sale Transaction. RBPlats consulted with senior counsel, both during the negotiation of the Maseve Sale Transaction and in regard to the current Africa Wide legal proceedings. The Company has received legal advice to the effect that the Africa Wide action is factually and legally defective. Various statements and documents were filed during calendar 2021 and a trial to hear evidence occurred in the High Court of South Africa October 4 to October 8, 2021. Final Heads of Argument were filed on November 9, 2021 and final arguments are to be heard by the Court in January 2022.
Bank Advisory Fees Payable
Certain deferred bank advisory fees related to the Maseve Sale Transaction and the Implats Transaction became payable as soon as practicable after the Company repaid a $40 million secured loan facility due to Liberty Metals & Mining Holdings, LLC, which was repaid on August 21, 2019. During the year, the Company paid the deferred bank advisory fees in full.
12. SUPPLEMENTARY CASH FLOW INFORMATION
Net change in non-cash working capital:

Period ended	 	August
31, 2021	 	 	August
31, 2020	 	 	August
31, 2019	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Amounts receivable, prepaid expenses and other assets	$	30	 	$	234	 	$	195	 	
Payment of bank advisory fees	 	(2,890	)	 	-	 	 	-	 	
Accounts payable and other liabilities	 	(102	)	 	(973	)	 	(697	)	
 	$	(2,962	)	$	(739	)	$	(502	)	
13. SEGMENTED REPORTING
Segmented information is provided on the basis of geographical segments as the Company manages its business through two geographical regions - Canada and South Africa. The Chief Operating Decision Makers ("CODM") reviews information from the below segments separately so the below segments are separated.

 	22	

PLATINUM GROUP METALS LTD.
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements
(in thousands of United States Dollars unless otherwise stated except share and per share data)	
The Company evaluates performance of its operating and reportable segments as noted in the following table:

At August 31, 2021	 	Assets	 	 	Liabilities	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Canada	$	7,038	 	$	29,625	 	
South Africa	 	44,161	 	 	2,101	 	
 	$	51,199	 	$	31,726	 	
At August 31, 2020	 	Assets	 	 	Liabilities	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Canada	$	2,101	 	$	40,922	 	
South Africa	 	35,314	 	 	636	 	
 	$	37,415	 	$	41,558	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Comprehensive Loss (Income)
for the period ended	 	August 31,
2021	 	 	August 31,
2020	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Canada	$	15,202	 	$	10,681	 	
South Africa	 	(7,037	)	 	934	 	
 	$	8,165	 	$	11,615	 	
14. GENERAL AND ADMINISTRATIVE EXPENSES

GENERAL AND ADMINISTRATIVE EXPENSES	 	Year Ending
August 31,
2021	 	 	Year Ending
August 31,
2020	 	
Salaries and benefits	$	1,794	 	$	1,644	 	
Severance1	 	828	 	 	-	 	
Legal	 	505	 	 	245	 	
Technical consulting fees	 	405	 	 	194	 	
Accounting	 	331	 	 	284	 	
Insurance	 	311	 	 	241	 	
Regulatory Fees	 	252	 	 	214	 	
Shareholder relations	 	235	 	 	284	 	
Depreciation	 	122	 	 	177	 	
Travel	 	96	 	 	174	 	
Other	 	242	 	 	269	 	
Total	$	5,121	 	$	3,726	 	
1During the year, the Company's former President and CEO resigned from the Company.		
15.        CAPITAL RISK MANAGEMENT
The Company's objectives in managing its liquidity and capital are to safeguard the Company's ability to continue as a going concern and provide financial capacity to meet its strategic objectives. The capital structure of the Company consists of share capital, contributed surplus, accumulated other comprehensive loss and accumulated deficit.
The Company manages the capital structure and makes adjustments to it in light of changes in economic conditions and the risk characteristics of the underlying assets. To maintain or adjust the capital structure, the Company may issue new shares, issue new debt, acquire or dispose of assets.

 	23	

PLATINUM GROUP METALS LTD.
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements
(in thousands of United States Dollars unless otherwise stated except share and per share data)	
In order to facilitate the management of its capital requirements, the Company regularly updates the Board of Directors with regard to budgets, forecasts, results of capital deployment and general industry conditions. The Company does not currently declare or pay out dividends.
As at August 31, 2021, the Company is subject to externally imposed capital requirements under the Sprott Facility. Please see Note 6 for further details.
16. FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS AND RISK MANAGEMENT
The Company examines the various financial risks to which it is exposed and assesses the impact and likelihood of occurrence. These risks may include credit risk, liquidity risk, currency risk, interest rate risk and other price risks.
(a) Credit risk
Credit risk arises from the risk that the financial asset counterparty, may default or not meet its obligations timeously. The Company minimizes credit risk by monitoring the reliability of counterparties to settle assets. The maximum exposure to the credit risk is represented by the carrying amount of all the financial assets. There is no material concentration of credit risk in cash and cash equivalents, trade and other receivables and loans.
(i) Cash
In order to manage credit and liquidity risk the Company holds cash only with Canadian chartered and South African banks.
(ii) Performance Bonds
In order to explore and develop its properties in South Africa, the Company was required to post performance bonds as financial guarantees against future reclamation work. These funds are held with Standard Bank of South Africa Limited with the DMR as beneficiary in accordance with the Mineral and Petroleum Resources Development Act (the "MPRDA") and the Company's environmental management programme.
(b) Liquidity risk
The Company has in place a planning and budgeting process to help determine the funds required to support the Company's normal operating requirements and its exploration and development plans. The Company regularly updates the Board of Directors with regard to budgets, forecasts, results of capital deployment and general industry conditions.
The Company may be required to source additional financing by way of private or public offerings of equity or debt or the sale of project or property interests in order to have sufficient cash to make debt repayments and working capital for continued exploration on the Waterberg Projects, as well as for general working capital purposes.
Any failure by the Company to obtain additional required financing on acceptable terms could cause the Company to delay development of its material projects or could result in the Company being forced to sell some of its assets on an untimely or unfavourable basis. Any such delay or sale could have a material and adverse effect on the Company's financial condition, results of operations and liquidity. Also refer to Note 1 for discussion of going concern risk.
(c) Currency risk
The Company's functional currency is the Canadian dollar, while the consolidated presentation currency is the United States Dollar. The functional currency of all South African subsidiaries is the Rand, while the functional currency of Lion Battery Technology Inc. is the US Dollar. The Company's operations are in both Canada and South Africa; therefore, the Company's results are impacted by fluctuations in the value of foreign currencies in relation to the Rand and Canadian and United States dollars. The Company's significant foreign currency exposures on financial instruments comprise cash, loans payable, warrants, convertible notes, accounts payable and accrued liabilities. The Company has not entered into any agreements or purchased any instruments to hedge possible currency risks at this time.

 	24	

PLATINUM GROUP METALS LTD.
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements
(in thousands of United States Dollars unless otherwise stated except share and per share data)	
The Company is exposed to foreign exchange risk through the following financial instruments denominated in a currency other than Canadian dollars:

Year ended	 	August 31,
2021	 	 	August 31,
2020	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Cash (Rand)	$	192	 	$	100	 	
Cash (USD)	 	5,729	 	 	1,189	 	
Accounts receivable (Rand)	 	439	 	 	140	 	
Accounts payable (Rand)	 	1,686	 	 	636	 	
Loan Payable (USD)	 	9,089	 	 	19,337	 	
Convertible Note (USD)	 	18,716	 	 	17,212	 	
The Company's comprehensive loss is affected by changes in the exchange rate between its operating currencies and the United States dollar. At August 31, 2021, based on this exposure a 10% strengthening/weakening in the United States dollar versus Rand foreign exchange rate and Canadian dollar would give rise to a decrease/increase in comprehensive loss for the year presented of approximately $3.6 million, (August 31, 2020 - $3.5 million).
(d) Interest rate risk
The Company's interest income earned on cash and on short term investments is exposed to interest rate risk. At August 31, 2021, based on this exposure a 1% change in the average interest rate would give rise to an increase/decrease in the net loss for the year of approximately $61.
At August 31, 2021, the carrying amounts of cash, amounts receivable, performance bonds and accounts payable and accrued liabilities are considered to be reasonable approximations of their fair values due to the short-term nature of these instruments.
17. INCOME TAXES
 
The income taxes shown in the consolidated earnings differ from the amounts obtained by applying statutory rates to the earnings before provision for income taxes due to the following:

 	 	2021	 	 	2020	 	 	2019	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Loss before income taxes	$	13,008	 	$	7,056	 	$	16,670	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Income tax recovery at statutory rates	 	(3,512	)	 	(1,905	)	 	(4,503	)	
Difference of foreign tax rates	 	19	 	 	(8	)	 	(2	)	
Non-deductible expenses and non-taxable portion of capital gains	 	1,061	 	 	(216	)	 	1,316	 	
Changes in unrecognized deferred tax assets and other	 	2,487	 	 	2,201	 	 	3,295	 	
Income tax expense (recovery)	 	55	 	 	72	 	 	106	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Income tax expense consists of:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Current income taxes	$	-	 	$	-	 	$	-	 	
Deferred income taxes	 	55	 	 	72	 	 	106	 	
 	$	55	 	$	72	 	$	106	 	
 
 	25	

PLATINUM GROUP METALS LTD.
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements
(in thousands of United States Dollars unless otherwise stated except share and per share data)	

The gross movement on the net deferred income tax account is as follows:
 
 	 	2021	 	 	2020	 	 	2019	 	
Deferred tax liability at the beginning of the year	$	-	 	$	-	 	$	-	 	
Tax (expense) relating to the loss from continuing operations	 	(55	)	 	(72	)	 	(106	)	
Tax recovery relating to components of other comprehensive loss	 	55	 	 	72	 	 	106	 	
Tax recovery recorded in deficit	 	-	 	 	-	 	 	-	 	
Deferred tax liability at the end of the year	$	-	 	$	-	 	$	-	 	
 
The significant components of the Company's net deferred income tax liabilities are as follows:
 
 	 	2021	 	 	2020	 	 	2019	 	
Convertible notes	$	(389	)	$	(661	)	$	(1,024	)	
Loans payable	 	(180	)	 	(247	)	 	(339	)	
Mineral properties	 	(2,597	)	 	(2,221	)	 	(2,354	)	
Loss carry-forwards	 	3,166	 	 	3,129	 	 	3,717	 	
 	$	-	 	$	-	 	$	-	 	
 
Unrecognized deductible temporary differences, unused tax losses and unused tax credits are attributed to the following:
 
 	 	2021	 	 	2020	 	 	2019	 	
Tax Losses:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Operating loss carry-forwards - Canada	$	158,619	 	$	137,037	 	$	125,851	 	
Operating loss carry-forwards - South Africa	 	35,958	 	 	100,415	 	 	28,925	 	
Net capital loss carry-forwards	 	-	 	 	-	 	 	204	 	
 	$	194,577	 	$	237,452	 	$	154,980	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Temporary Differences:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Mineral properties	$	7,931	 	$	7,672	 	$	7,526	 	
Financing Costs	 	3,611	 	 	7,539	 	 	13,357	 	
Property, plant and equipment	 	728	 	 	697	 	 	807	 	
Other	 	800	 	 	603	 	 	381	 	
 	$	13,070	 	$	16,511	 	$	22,071	 	

Investment Tax Credits:	$	329	 	$	318	 	$	312	 	
The Company's Canadian operating loss carry-forwards expire between 2026 and 2040. The Company's South African operating loss carry-forwards do not expire. The Company's Canadian unused investment tax credit carry-forwards expire between 2029 and 2035. The Company's Canadian net capital loss carry-forwards do not expire.
26

ITEM 19. EXHIBITS
See "EXHIBIT INDEX", below.
174

SIGNATURES
The registrant hereby certifies that it meets all of the requirements for filing on Form 20-F and that it has duly caused and authorized the undersigned to sign this Annual Report on its behalf.

 	PLATINUM GROUP METALS LTD.
(Registrant)	
 	 	 	
Date:  November 24, 2021 	By:	/s/ Frank R. Hallam	
 	 	Frank R. Hallam	
 	 	Interim President and Chief Executive Officer	
 
175

EXHIBIT INDEX

Exhibit Number	 	Description	
 	 	 	
1.1 	 	Articles of the Company, as amended and consolidated on February 27, 2014 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 1.1 to the Form 20-F filed by the Company on December 29, 2017)	
2.1 	 	Description of Common Share Rights (included under Item 10.B of this Form 20-F)	
4.1 	 	Share Compensation Plan, as amended (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 99.1 to the Form 6-K filed by the Company on March 6, 2020)	
4.2 	 	Sprott Credit Agreement dated August 15, 2019 incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.2 to the Form 20-F filed by the Company on November 26, 2019	
4.3 	 	Convertible Notes Indenture dated June 30, 2017 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 99.1 to the Form 6-K as filed by the Company on July 5, 2017)	
4.4 	 	Supplement No. 1 to Convertible Notes Indenture dated January 31, 2018 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.12 to the Form 20-F filed by the Company on November 30, 2018)	
4.5 	 	Equity Distribution Agreement dated February 5, 2021 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 99.1 to the Form 6-K as filed by the Company on February 5, 2021)	
4.6 	 	Credit Agreement Modification Agreement dated September 8, 2020 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.6 to the Form 20-F filed by the Company on November 25, 2020)	
4.7 	 	HCI Amended and Restated Subscription Agreement dated May 10, 2018 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 99.1 to the Form 6-K filed by the Company on May 14, 2018)	
8.1 	 	List of Subsidiaries (included under Item 4.C. of this Form 20-F)	
12.1 	 	Certification of Interim Chief Executive Officer	
12.2 	 	Certification of Interim Chief Financial Officer	
13.1 	 	Certification of Interim Chief Executive Officer	
13.2 	 	Certification of Interim Chief Financial Officer	
15.1 	 	Independent Technical Report, Waterberg Project Definitive Feasibility Study and Mineral Resource Update, Bushveld Complex, South Africa" dated effective September 4, 2019 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 99.1 to the Form 6-K filed by the Company on October 8, 2019)	
15.2 	 	Consent of PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP	
15.3 	 	Consent of Charles J. Muller	
15.4 	 	Consent of Gordon I. Cunningham	
15.5 	 	Consent of Michael Murphy	
101.INS 	 	XBRL Instance Document–the instance document does not appear in the Interactive Data File as its XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document	
101.SCH 	 	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema	
101.CAL 	 	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase	
101.DEF 	 	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase	
101.LAB 	 	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase	
101.PRE 	 	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase	
104 	 	Cover Page for Company's Annual Report on Form 20-F for the year ended August 31, 2021, formatted in Inline XBRL	
 
176

Rule 13a-14(a) Certification
I, Frank Hallam, certify that:
1. I have reviewed this annual report on Form 20-F of Platinum Group Metals Ltd.;
2. Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;
3. Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the company as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;
4. The company's other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the company and have:
(a) Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the company, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;
(b) Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;
(c) Evaluated the effectiveness of the company's disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and
(d) Disclosed in this report any change in the company's internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the period covered by the annual report that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the company's internal control over financial reporting; and
5. The company's other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the company's auditors and the audit committee of the company's board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):
(a) All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the company's ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and
(b) Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the company's internal control over financial reporting.
Date: November 24, 2021

 	/s/ Frank Hallam	
 	Frank Hallam	
 	Director, Interim President and Interim Chief Executive Officer	

Rule 13a-14(a) Certification
I, Gregory Blair, certify that:
1. I have reviewed this annual report on Form 20-F of Platinum Group Metals Ltd.;
2. Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;
3. Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the company as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;
4. The company's other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the company and have:
(a) Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the company, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;
(b) Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;
(c) Evaluated the effectiveness of the company's disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and
(d) Disclosed in this report any change in the company's internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the period covered by the annual report that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the company's internal control over financial reporting; and
5. The company's other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the company's auditors and the audit committee of the company's board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):
(a) All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the company's ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and
(b) Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the company's internal control over financial reporting.
Date: November 24, 2021

 	/s/ Gregory Blair	
 	Gregory Blair	
 	Interim Chief Financial Officer	

CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO
18 U.S.C. §1350,
AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO
SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002
In connection with the Annual Report of Platinum Group Metals Ltd. (the "Company") on Form 20-F for the period ended August 31, 2021, as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof (the "Report"), I, Frank Hallam, Interim President, Interim Chief Executive Officer and Director of the Company, certify, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. §1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that:

 	1.	The Report fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and	
 	2.	The information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company.	

 	/s/ Frank Hallam	
 	Frank Hallam	
 	Director, Interim President and Interim Chief Executive Officer	
 	November 24, 2021	

CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO
18 U.S.C. §1350,
AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO
SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002
In connection with the Annual Report of Platinum Group Metals Ltd. (the "Company") on Form 20-F for the period ended August 31, 2021, as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof (the "Report"), I, Gregory Blair, Interim Chief Financial Officer of the Company, certify, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. §1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that:

 	1.	The Report fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and	
 	2.	The information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company.	

 	/s/ Gregory Blair	
 	Gregory Blair	
 	Interim Chief Financial Officer	
 	November 24, 2021	

Consent of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
We hereby consent to the incorporation by reference in the registration statement on Form F-3 (No. 333-231964) of Platinum Group Metals Ltd. of our report dated November 24, 2021 relating to the financial statements and the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting, which appears in this Form 20-F.
/s/PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP
Chartered Professional Accountants
 Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
November 24, 2021

CONSENT OF EXPERT
The undersigned hereby consents to the inclusion in the Annual Report on Form 20-F ("Annual Report") of Platinum Group Metals Ltd. (the "Company") for the year ended August 31, 2021 of references to, and the information derived from, the report titled "Independent Technical Report, Waterberg Project Definitive Feasibility Study and Mineral Resource Update, Bushveld Complex, South Africa" dated effective September 4, 2019, and to the references, as applicable, to the undersigned's name included in or incorporated by reference with respect to the disclosure of technical and scientific information contained in the Annual Report (the "Technical Information"). The undersigned further consents to the incorporation by reference in the Company's Registration Statement on Form F-3 (No. 333-231964), as amended and supplemented, filed with the United States Securities and Exchange Commission, of the references to the undersigned's name and the Technical Information in the Annual Report.
Dated: November 24, 2021

/s/ Gordon Cunningham	
Gordon Cunningham	

CONSENT OF EXPERT
The undersigned hereby consents to the inclusion in the Annual Report on Form 20-F ("Annual Report") of Platinum Group Metals Ltd. (the "Company") for the year ended August 31, 2021 of references to, and the information derived from, the report titled "Independent Technical Report, Waterberg Project Definitive Feasibility Study and Mineral Resource Update, Bushveld Complex, South Africa" dated effective September 4, 2019, and to the references, as applicable, to the undersigned's name included in or incorporated by reference with respect to the disclosure of technical and scientific information contained in the Annual Report (the "Technical Information"). The undersigned further consents to the incorporation by reference in the Company's Registration Statement on Form F-3 (No. 333-231964), as amended and supplemented, filed with the United States Securities and Exchange Commission, of the references to the undersigned's name and the Technical Information in the Annual Report.
Dated: November 24, 2021

/s/ Charles Muller	
Charles J. Muller	

CONSENT OF EXPERT
The undersigned hereby consents to the inclusion in the Annual Report on Form 20-F ("Annual Report") of Platinum Group Metals Ltd. (the "Company") for the year ended August 31, 2021 of references to, and the information derived from, the report titled "Independent Technical Report, Waterberg Project Definitive Feasibility Study and Mineral Resource Update, Bushveld Complex, South Africa" dated effective September 4, 2019, and to the references, as applicable, to the undersigned's name included in or incorporated by reference with respect to the disclosure of technical and scientific information contained in the Annual Report (the "Technical Information"). The undersigned further consents to the incorporation by reference in the Company's Registration Statement on Form F-3 (No. 333-231964), as amended and supplemented, filed with the United States Securities and Exchange Commission, of the references to the undersigned's name and the Technical Information in the Annual Report.
Dated: November 24, 2021

/s/ Michael Murphy	
Michael Murphy