PLUG POWER INC, 10-Q filed on 8/8/2024
Quarterly Report
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Document and Entity Information - shares
6 Months Ended
Jun. 30, 2024
Aug. 03, 2024
Document and Entity Information:    
Document Type 10-Q  
Document Quarterly Report true  
Document Period End Date Jun. 30, 2024  
Document Transition Report false  
Securities Act File Number 1-34392  
Entity Registrant Name PLUG POWER INC  
Entity Incorporation, State or Country Code DE  
Entity Tax Identification Number 22-3672377  
Entity Address, Address Line One 125 VISTA BOULEVARD  
Entity Address, City or Town SLINGERLANDS  
Entity Address, State or Province NY  
Entity Address, Postal Zip Code 12159  
City Area Code 518  
Local Phone Number 782-7700  
Title of 12(b) Security Common Stock, par value $.01 per share  
Trading Symbol PLUG  
Security Exchange Name NASDAQ  
Entity Current Reporting Status Yes  
Entity Interactive Data Current Yes  
Entity Filer Category Large Accelerated Filer  
Entity Small Business false  
Entity Emerging Growth Company false  
Entity Shell Company false  
Entity Common Stock, Shares Outstanding   879,636,025
Entity Central Index Key 0001093691  
Current Fiscal Year End Date --12-31  
Document Fiscal Year Focus 2024  
Document Fiscal Period Focus Q2  
Amendment Flag false  
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Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets - USD ($)
$ in Thousands
Jun. 30, 2024
Dec. 31, 2023
Current assets:    
Cash and cash equivalents $ 62,359 $ 135,033
Restricted cash 222,847 216,552
Accounts receivable, net of allowance of $7,485 at June 30, 2024 and $8,798 at December 31, 2023 189,863 243,811
Inventory, net 939,534 961,253
Contract assets 132,900 126,248
Prepaid expenses and other current assets 124,919 104,068
Total current assets 1,672,422 1,786,965
Restricted cash 733,700 817,559
Property, plant, and equipment, net 1,509,693 1,436,177
Right of use assets related to finance leases, net 54,735 57,281
Right of use assets related to operating leases, net 376,106 399,969
Equipment related to power purchase agreements and fuel delivered to customers, net 117,335 111,261
Contract assets 29,531 29,741
Intangible assets, net 178,338 188,886
Investments in non-consolidated entities and non-marketable equity securities 96,814 63,783
Other assets 11,179 11,116
Total assets 4,779,853 4,902,738
Current liabilities:    
Accounts payable 253,715 257,828
Accrued expenses 112,612 200,544
Deferred revenue and other contract liabilities 174,828 204,139
Operating lease liabilities 66,405 63,691
Finance lease liabilities 10,159 9,441
Finance obligations 85,642 84,031
Current portion of long-term debt 3,030 2,716
Contingent consideration, loss accrual for service contracts, and other current liabilities 103,223 142,410
Total current liabilities 809,614 964,800
Deferred revenue and other contract liabilities 71,018 84,163
Operating lease liabilities 264,251 292,002
Finance lease liabilities 30,573 36,133
Finance obligations 245,011 284,363
Convertible senior notes, net 208,576 195,264
Long-term debt 2,400 1,209
Contingent consideration, loss accrual for service contracts, and other liabilities 159,830 146,679
Total liabilities 1,791,273 2,004,613
Stockholders' equity:    
Common stock, $.01 par value per share; 1,500,000,000 shares authorized; Issued (including shares in treasury): 806,993,410 at June 30, 2024 and 625,305,025 at December 31, 2023 8,070 6,254
Additional paid-in capital 8,137,182 7,494,685
Accumulated other comprehensive loss (1,949) (6,802)
Accumulated deficit (5,047,853) (4,489,744)
Less common stock in treasury: 19,360,457 at June 30, 2024 and 19,169,366 at December 31, 2023 (106,870) (106,268)
Total stockholders' equity 2,988,580 2,898,125
Total liabilities and stockholders' equity $ 4,779,853 $ 4,902,738
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Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets (Parenthetical) - USD ($)
$ in Thousands
Jun. 30, 2024
Dec. 31, 2023
Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets    
Allowance for doubtful accounts receivable $ 7,485 $ 8,798
Common stock, par value (in dollars per share) $ 0.01 $ 0.01
Common stock, shares authorized 1,500,000,000 1,500,000,000
Common stock, shares issued 806,993,410 625,305,025
Common stock in treasury, shares 19,360,457 19,169,366
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Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations - USD ($)
$ in Thousands
3 Months Ended 6 Months Ended
Jun. 30, 2024
Jun. 30, 2023
Jun. 30, 2024
Jun. 30, 2023
Net revenue:        
Net revenue $ 143,350 $ 260,182 $ 263,614 $ 470,468
Cost of revenue:        
Provision for loss contracts related to service 16,484 7,331 32,229 14,220
Total cost of revenue 274,605 338,325 553,944 618,007
Gross loss (131,255) (78,143) (290,330) (147,539)
Operating expenses:        
Research and development 18,940 29,251 44,220 55,786
Selling, general and administrative 85,144 101,154 163,103 205,170
Restructuring 1,629   7,640  
Impairment 3,937 9,986 4,221 11,069
Change in fair value of contingent consideration 3,768 15,308 (5,432) 24,077
Total operating expenses 113,418 155,699 213,752 296,102
Operating loss (244,673) (233,842) (504,082) (443,641)
Interest income 7,795 16,391 17,072 34,023
Interest expense (9,511) (11,265) (20,836) (21,915)
Other expense, net (9,080) (5,082) (16,076) (9,853)
Realized gain on investments, net   264   263
Change in fair value of equity securities   3,842   8,917
Loss on equity method investments (7,240) (7,623) (20,353) (12,940)
Loss on extinguishment of convertible senior notes     (14,047)  
Loss before income taxes (262,709) (237,315) (558,322) (445,146)
Income tax benefit 376 917 213 2,187
Net loss $ (262,333) $ (236,398) $ (558,109) $ (442,959)
Net loss per share:        
Net loss per share, basic (in dollars per share) $ (0.36) $ (0.40) $ (0.81) $ (0.75)
Net loss per share, diluted (in dollars per share) $ (0.36) $ (0.40) $ (0.81) $ (0.75)
Weighted average number of common stock outstanding, basic (in shares) 736,848,684 598,053,390 688,900,904 593,653,720
Weighted average number of common stock outstanding, diluted (in shares) 736,848,684 598,053,390 688,900,904 593,653,720
Sales of equipment, related infrastructure and other        
Net revenue:        
Net revenue $ 76,788 $ 216,286 $ 145,083 $ 398,380
Cost of revenue:        
Cost of revenue 129,911 187,408 265,036 345,728
Services performed on fuel cell systems and related infrastructure        
Net revenue:        
Net revenue 13,034 8,701 26,057 17,798
Cost of revenue:        
Cost of revenue 13,730 23,449 26,687 35,670
Power purchase agreements        
Net revenue:        
Net revenue 19,674 16,130 37,978 24,067
Cost of revenue:        
Cost of revenue 54,312 53,976 109,540 100,792
Fuel delivered to customers and related equipment        
Net revenue:        
Net revenue 29,887 17,878 48,173 28,020
Cost of revenue:        
Cost of revenue 58,317 64,450 116,890 118,951
Other        
Net revenue:        
Net revenue 3,967 1,187 6,323 2,203
Cost of revenue:        
Cost of revenue $ 1,851 $ 1,711 $ 3,562 $ 2,646
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Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Loss - USD ($)
$ in Thousands
3 Months Ended 6 Months Ended
Jun. 30, 2024
Jun. 30, 2023
Jun. 30, 2024
Jun. 30, 2023
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Loss        
Net loss $ (262,333) $ (236,398) $ (558,109) $ (442,959)
Foreign currency translation gain 7,129 3,073 4,853 4,732
Change in net unrealized gain on available-for-sale securities   2,197   7,508
Comprehensive loss, net of tax $ (255,204) $ (231,128) $ (553,256) $ (430,719)
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Condensed Consolidated Statements of Stockholders' Equity - USD ($)
$ in Thousands
Common Stock
Additional Paid-in-Capital
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Gain/(Loss)
Treasury Stock
Accumulated Deficit
Total
Balance at Dec. 31, 2022 $ 6,084 $ 7,297,306 $ (26,004) $ (96,261) $ (3,120,911) $ 4,060,214
Balance (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2022 608,421,785     18,076,127    
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity            
Net loss         (206,561) (206,561)
Other comprehensive income (loss)     6,970     6,970
Stock-based compensation $ 2 43,300       43,302
Stock-based compensation (in shares) 228,954          
Stock option exercises and issuance of common stock upon grant/vesting of restricted stock and restricted stock unit awards $ 6 668       674
Stock option exercises and issuance of common stock upon grant/vesting of restricted stock and restricted stock unit awards (in shares) 620,250          
Treasury stock acquired from employees upon exercise of stock options and vesting of restricted stock and restricted stock unit awards       $ (2,590)   (2,590)
Treasury stock acquired from employees upon exercise of stock options and vesting of restricted stock and restricted stock unit awards (in shares)       169,787    
Exercise of warrants $ 28 (28)        
Exercise of warrants (in shares) 2,680,637          
Provision for common stock warrants   19,641       19,641
Balance at Mar. 31, 2023 $ 6,120 7,360,887 (19,034) $ (98,851) (3,327,472) 3,921,650
Balance (in shares) at Mar. 31, 2023 611,951,626     18,245,914    
Balance at Dec. 31, 2022 $ 6,084 7,297,306 (26,004) $ (96,261) (3,120,911) 4,060,214
Balance (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2022 608,421,785     18,076,127    
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity            
Net loss           (442,959)
Earnouts from acquisitions paid in stock           8,000
Balance at Jun. 30, 2023 $ 6,201 7,409,733 (13,764) $ (99,215) (3,563,870) 3,739,085
Balance (in shares) at Jun. 30, 2023 620,087,507     18,285,263    
Balance at Mar. 31, 2023 $ 6,120 7,360,887 (19,034) $ (98,851) (3,327,472) 3,921,650
Balance (in shares) at Mar. 31, 2023 611,951,626     18,245,914    
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity            
Net loss         (236,398) (236,398)
Other comprehensive income (loss)     5,270     5,270
Stock-based compensation $ 3 39,915       39,918
Stock-based compensation (in shares) 338,328          
Stock option exercises and issuance of common stock upon grant/vesting of restricted stock and restricted stock unit awards $ 3 55       58
Stock option exercises and issuance of common stock upon grant/vesting of restricted stock and restricted stock unit awards (in shares) 246,717          
Treasury stock acquired from employees upon exercise of stock options and vesting of restricted stock and restricted stock unit awards       $ (364)   (364)
Treasury stock acquired from employees upon exercise of stock options and vesting of restricted stock and restricted stock unit awards (in shares)       39,349    
Exercise of warrants $ 66 (66)        
Exercise of warrants (in shares) 6,623,794          
Earnouts from acquisitions paid in stock $ 9 7,991       8,000
Earnouts from acquisitions paid in stock (in shares) 927,042          
Provision for common stock warrants   951       951
Balance at Jun. 30, 2023 $ 6,201 7,409,733 (13,764) $ (99,215) (3,563,870) 3,739,085
Balance (in shares) at Jun. 30, 2023 620,087,507     18,285,263    
Balance at Dec. 31, 2023 $ 6,254 7,494,685 (6,802) $ (106,268) (4,489,744) $ 2,898,125
Balance (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2023 625,305,025     19,169,366   625,305,025
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity            
Net loss         (295,776) $ (295,776)
Other comprehensive income (loss)     (2,231)     (2,231)
Stock-based compensation $ 9 13,695       13,704
Stock-based compensation (in shares) 923,027          
Public offerings, common stock, net of issuance costs $ 796 304,550       305,346
Public offerings, common stock, net of issuance costs (in shares) 79,553,175          
Stock option exercises and issuance of common stock upon grant/vesting of restricted stock and restricted stock unit awards $ (2) 43       41
Stock option exercises and issuance of common stock upon grant/vesting of restricted stock and restricted stock unit awards (in shares) (176,678)          
Treasury stock acquired from employees upon exercise of stock options and vesting of restricted stock and restricted stock unit awards       $ (278)   (278)
Treasury stock acquired from employees upon exercise of stock options and vesting of restricted stock and restricted stock unit awards (in shares)       72,849    
Provision for common stock warrants   10,236       10,236
Balance at Mar. 31, 2024 $ 7,057 7,823,209 (9,033) $ (106,546) (4,785,520) 2,929,167
Balance (in shares) at Mar. 31, 2024 705,604,549     19,242,215    
Balance at Dec. 31, 2023 $ 6,254 7,494,685 (6,802) $ (106,268) (4,489,744) $ 2,898,125
Balance (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2023 625,305,025     19,169,366   625,305,025
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity            
Net loss           $ (558,109)
Earnouts from acquisitions paid in stock           18,241
Balance at Jun. 30, 2024 $ 8,070 8,137,182 (1,949) $ (106,870) (5,047,853) $ 2,988,580
Balance (in shares) at Jun. 30, 2024 806,993,410     19,360,457   806,993,410
Balance at Mar. 31, 2024 $ 7,057 7,823,209 (9,033) $ (106,546) (4,785,520) $ 2,929,167
Balance (in shares) at Mar. 31, 2024 705,604,549     19,242,215    
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity            
Net loss         (262,333) (262,333)
Other comprehensive income (loss)     7,084     7,084
Stock-based compensation $ 13 26,296       26,309
Stock-based compensation (in shares) 1,252,258          
Public offerings, common stock, net of issuance costs $ 968 265,806       266,774
Public offerings, common stock, net of issuance costs (in shares) 96,812,695          
Stock option exercises and issuance of common stock upon grant/vesting of restricted stock and restricted stock unit awards $ 6 20       26
Stock option exercises and issuance of common stock upon grant/vesting of restricted stock and restricted stock unit awards (in shares) 698,280          
Treasury stock acquired from employees upon exercise of stock options and vesting of restricted stock and restricted stock unit awards       $ (324)   (324)
Treasury stock acquired from employees upon exercise of stock options and vesting of restricted stock and restricted stock unit awards (in shares)       118,242    
Earnouts from acquisitions paid in stock $ 26 18,215       18,241
Earnouts from acquisitions paid in stock (in shares) 2,625,628          
Provision for common stock warrants   3,636       3,636
Balance at Jun. 30, 2024 $ 8,070 $ 8,137,182 $ (1,949) $ (106,870) $ (5,047,853) $ 2,988,580
Balance (in shares) at Jun. 30, 2024 806,993,410     19,360,457   806,993,410
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Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows - USD ($)
$ in Thousands
3 Months Ended 6 Months Ended 12 Months Ended
Jun. 30, 2024
Jun. 30, 2023
Jun. 30, 2024
Jun. 30, 2023
Dec. 31, 2023
Operating activities          
Net loss     $ (558,109) $ (442,959)  
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash used in operating activities:          
Depreciation of long-lived assets     34,603 21,266  
Amortization of intangible assets     9,434 9,755  
Lower of cost or net realizable value inventory adjustment and provision for excess and obsolete inventory     53,359 11,760  
Stock-based compensation     40,013 83,220  
Loss on extinguishment of convertible senior notes     14,047    
(Recoveries)/provision for losses on accounts receivable     (1,313) 896  
Amortization of (premium)/discount of debt issuance costs on convertible senior notes and long-term debt     (718) 1,195  
Provision for common stock warrants     10,327 14,302  
Deferred income tax (benefit)/expense     (213) 1,512  
Impairment $ 3,937 $ 9,986 4,221 11,069  
Loss on service contracts     7,292 856  
Fair value adjustment to contingent consideration     (5,432) 24,077  
Net realized loss on investments   (264)   (263)  
Accretion of premium on available-for-sale securities       (5,949)  
Lease origination costs     (2,467) (5,567)  
Change in fair value for equity securities       (8,917)  
Loss on equity method investments 7,240 7,623 20,353 12,940  
Changes in operating assets and liabilities that provide/(use) cash:          
Accounts receivable     55,261 (88,091)  
Inventory     (11,925) (269,707)  
Contract assets     (2,897) (23,807)  
Prepaid expenses and other assets     (20,864) 9,178  
Accounts payable, accrued expenses, and other liabilities     (15,818) (720)  
Payments of contingent consideration     (9,164) (2,895)  
Deferred revenue and other contract liabilities     (42,456) 21,838  
Net cash used in operating activities     (422,466) (625,011)  
Investing activities          
Purchases of property, plant and equipment     (193,923) (319,322)  
Purchases of equipment related to power purchase agreements and equipment related to fuel delivered to customers     (11,022) (19,309)  
Proceeds from maturities of available-for-sale securities       908,749  
Proceeds from sales of equity securities       76,263  
Cash paid for non-consolidated entities and non-marketable equity securities     (63,713) (40,894)  
Net cash (used in)/provided by investing activities     (268,658) 605,487  
Financing activities          
Payments of contingent consideration     (1,836) (10,105)  
Proceeds from public offering, net of transaction costs     572,120    
Payments of tax withholding on behalf of employees for net stock settlement of stock-based compensation     (602) (2,954)  
Proceeds from exercise of stock options     67 732  
Principal payments on long-term debt     (685) (5,407)  
Proceeds from finance obligations       77,589  
Principal repayments of finance obligations and finance leases     (42,313) (34,211)  
Net cash provided by financing activities     526,751 25,644  
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash     14,135 (2,139)  
Decrease in cash and cash equivalents     (72,674) (111,212)  
(Decrease)/increase in restricted cash     (77,564) 115,193  
Cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash beginning of period     1,169,144 1,549,344 $ 1,549,344
Cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash end of period 1,018,906 1,553,325 1,018,906 1,553,325 $ 1,169,144
Supplemental disclosure of cash flow information          
Cash paid for interest, net of capitalized interest of $5.2 million at June 30, 2024 and $4.0 million at June 30, 2023     22,595 20,101  
Summary of non-cash activity          
Recognition of right of use asset - finance leases     163 4,818  
Recognition of right of use asset - operating leases     5,404 56,328  
Net transfers between inventory and long-lived assets     19,349 705  
Earnouts from acquisitions paid in common stock and warrants $ 18,241 $ 8,000 18,241 8,000  
Purchases of long lived asset from financing agreement     2,000    
Accrued purchase of fixed assets, cash to be paid in subsequent period     $ 84,339 $ 109,490  
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Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows (Parenthetical) - USD ($)
$ in Millions
6 Months Ended
Jun. 30, 2024
Jun. 30, 2023
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows    
Net capitalized interest $ 5.2 $ 4.0
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Nature of Operations
6 Months Ended
Jun. 30, 2024
Nature of Operations  
Nature of Operations

1. Nature of Operations

Plug Power Inc. (the “Company”, “Plug”, “we” or “our”) is facilitating the paradigm shift to an increasingly electrified world by innovating cutting-edge hydrogen and fuel cell solutions. While we continue to develop commercially viable hydrogen and fuel cell product solutions, we have expanded our offerings to support a variety of commercial operations that can be powered with clean hydrogen. We provide electrolyzers that allow customers — such as refineries, producers of chemicals, steel, fertilizer and commercial refueling stations — to generate hydrogen on-site. We are focusing our efforts on (a) industrial mobility applications, including electric forklifts and electric industrial vehicles, at multi shift high volume manufacturing and high throughput distribution sites where we believe our products and services provide a unique combination of productivity, flexibility, and environmental benefits; (b) production of hydrogen; and (c) stationary power systems that will support critical operations, such as data centers, microgrids, and generation facilities, in either a backup power or continuous power role, and replace batteries, diesel generators or the grid for telecommunication logistics, transportation, and utility customers. Plug expects to support these products and customers with an ecosystem of vertically integrated products that produce, transport, store and handle, dispense, and use hydrogen for mobility and power applications.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

The Company’s working capital was $862.8 million as of June 30, 2024, which included unrestricted cash and cash equivalents of $62.4 million and restricted cash of $956.5 million. On January 17, 2024, the Company entered into the At Market Issuance Sales Agreement (the “Original ATM Agreement”) with B. Riley Securities, Inc. (“B. Riley”), pursuant to which the Company may, from time to time, offer and sell through or to B. Riley, as sales agent or principal, shares of the Company’s common stock, having an aggregate offering price of up to $1.0 billion. As of February 23, 2024, the Company had $697.9 million remaining authorized for issuance under the Original ATM Agreement. On February 23, 2024, the Company and B. Riley entered into Amendment No. 1 to the Original ATM Agreement (the “Amendment” and, together with the Original ATM Agreement, the “ATM Agreement”) to increase the aggregate offering price of shares of the Company’s common stock available for future issuance under the Original ATM Agreement to $1.0 billion. Under the ATM Agreement, for a period of 18 months, the Company has the right at its sole discretion to direct B. Riley to act on a principal basis and purchase directly from the Company up to $11.0 million of shares of its common stock on any trading day (the “Maximum Commitment Advance Purchase Amount”) and up to $55.0 million of shares in any calendar week (the “Maximum Commitment Advance Purchase Amount Cap”). On and after June 1, 2024, so long as the Company’s market capitalization is no less than $1.0 billion, the Maximum Commitment Advance Purchase Amount will remain $11.0 million and the Maximum Commitment Advance Purchase Amount Cap will remain $55.0 million. If the Company’s market capitalization is less than $1.0 billion on and after June 1, 2024, the Maximum Commitment Advance Purchase Amount will be decreased to $10.0 million and the Maximum Commitment Advance Purchase Amount Cap will be decreased to $30.0 million. Since January 17, 2024, the Company has sold 189,411,442 shares of common stock for gross proceeds of $611.5 million. As of the date of filing of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, the Company has a remaining $690.6 million available under the ATM Agreement.

On July 22, 2024, the Company sold 78,740,157 shares of its common stock at a public offering price of $2.54 per share for net proceeds of $191.0 million after deduction of the underwriting discount and related offering expenses in an underwritten public offering with Morgan Stanley & Co. LLC. The Company granted the underwriter a 30-day option to purchase up to an additional 11,811,023 shares of common stock at the public offering price, less the underwriting discount.

The Company believes that its working capital and cash position, together with its right to direct B. Riley to purchase shares directly from the Company under the ATM Agreement and its public offering of common stock completed in July 2024, will be sufficient to fund its on-going operations for a period of at least 12 months subsequent to the issuance of the accompanying unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements.

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Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
6 Months Ended
Jun. 30, 2024
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies  
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Principles of Consolidation

The unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements include the financial statements of the Company and its wholly-owned subsidiaries. Intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation. In addition, we include our share of the results of our joint ventures with Renault SAS (“Renault”) named HyVia SAS, a French société par actions simplifiée (“HyVia”), AccionaPlug S.L. (“AccionaPlug”), and SK Plug Hyverse Co., Ltd. (“SK Plug Hyverse”), and our investment in Clean H2 Infra Fund, using the equity method based on our economic ownership interest and our ability to exercise significant influence over the operating and financial decisions of HyVia, AccionaPlug, SK Plug Hyverse and Clean H2 Infra Fund.

Interim Financial Statements

The accompanying unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared pursuant to the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”). In the opinion of management, all adjustments, which consist solely of normal recurring adjustments, necessary to present fairly, in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”), the financial position, results of operations and cash flows for all periods presented, have been made. The results of operations for the interim periods presented are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for the full year.

Certain information and footnote disclosures normally included in annual consolidated financial statements prepared in accordance with GAAP have been condensed or omitted. These unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the Company’s audited consolidated financial statements and notes thereto included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2023 (the “2023 Form 10-K”).

The information presented in the accompanying unaudited interim condensed consolidated balance sheets as of December 31, 2023 has been derived from the Company’s 2023 audited consolidated financial statements.

The unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements contained herein should be read in conjunction with our 2023 Form 10-K.

Clean Hydrogen Production Tax Credit

Beginning in the second quarter of 2024, the Company has determined it qualifies for the clean hydrogen production tax credit (“PTC”) under Section 45V as part of the Inflation Reduction Act of 2022 (“IRA”) resulting from operation of the Company’s hydrogen production plant located in Georgia. As a result, the Company recorded approximately $1.3 million to the other assets financial statement line item of the unaudited interim condensed consolidated balance sheet and a reduction to the fuel delivered to customers and related equipment cost of revenue financial statement line item of the unaudited interim condensed consolidated statement of operations.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

Recently Adopted Accounting Guidance

There have been no significant changes in our reported financial position or results of operations and cash flows resulting from the adoption of new accounting pronouncements.

Recent Accounting Guidance Not Yet Effective

Other than the standards mentioned in our 2023 Form 10-K, all issued but not yet effective accounting and reporting standards as of June 30, 2024 are either not applicable to the Company or are not expected to have a material impact on the Company.

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Extended Maintenance Contracts
6 Months Ended
Jun. 30, 2024
Extended Maintenance Contracts  
Extended Maintenance Contracts

3. Extended Maintenance Contracts

On a quarterly basis, we evaluate any potential losses related to our extended maintenance contracts for sales of equipment, related infrastructure and other that have been sold. The following table shows the roll forward of balances in the accrual for loss contracts, including changes due to the provision for loss accrual, releases to service cost of sales, increase to loss accrual related to customer warrants, and foreign currency translation adjustment (in thousands):

Six months ended

Year ended

June 30, 2024

  

December 31, 2023

Beginning balance

$

137,853

$

81,066

Provision for loss accrual

32,135

85,375

Releases to service cost of sales

(24,937)

(29,713)

Increase to loss accrual related to customer warrants

94

971

Foreign currency translation adjustment

(149)

154

Ending balance

$

144,996

$

137,853

The Company increased its loss accrual to $145.0 million for the six months ended June 30, 2024 primarily due to continued cost increases of GenDrive labor, parts and related overhead coupled with new GenDrive contracts entered into requiring provisions to be set up. As a result, the Company increased its estimated projected costs.

v3.24.2.u1
Earnings Per Share
6 Months Ended
Jun. 30, 2024
Earnings Per Share  
Earnings Per Share

4. Earnings Per Share

Basic earnings per common stock are computed by dividing net loss by the weighted average number of common stock outstanding during the reporting period. Since the Company is in a net loss position, all common stock equivalents would be considered anti-dilutive and are therefore not included in the determination of diluted earnings per share. Accordingly, basic and diluted loss per share are the same.

The potentially dilutive securities are summarized as follows:

As of June 30,

    

2024

    

2023

Stock options outstanding (1)

42,380,705

 

33,821,392

Restricted stock and restricted stock units outstanding (2)

6,282,815

 

5,529,831

Common stock warrants (3)

82,022,634

78,561,263

Convertible Senior Notes (4)

44,661,605

 

39,170,766

Number of dilutive potential shares of common stock

175,347,759

 

157,083,252

(1)During the three months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023, the Company granted options for 7,107,625 and 6,782,043 shares of common stock, respectively. During the six months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023, the Company granted options for 7,420,625 and 6,876,593 shares of common stock, respectively.

(2)During the three months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023, the Company granted 1,037,057 and 294,143 shares of restricted stock and restricted stock units, respectively. During the six months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023, the Company granted 1,054,057 and 388,693 shares of restricted stock and restricted stock units, respectively.

(3)In May 2024, the Company issued warrants to purchase the Company’s shares of common stock and the Company filed a prospectus supplement registering for resale up to 3,461,371 shares of the Company’s common stock issuable upon exercise of the warrants that were issued in connection with an earn-out settlement agreement with Giner ELX, Inc. (“Giner”) as described in Note 15, “Fair Value Measurements”. The warrants have not been exercised as of June 30, 2024.

In August 2022, the Company issued a warrant to acquire up to 16,000,000 shares of the Company’s common stock as part of a transaction agreement with Amazon.com, Inc. (“Amazon”), subject to certain vesting events, as described in Note 12, “Warrant Transaction Agreements”. The warrant had not been exercised as of June 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively.

In April 2017, the Company issued a warrant to acquire up to 55,286,696 shares of the Company’s common stock as part of a transaction agreement with Amazon, subject to certain vesting events, as described in Note 12, “Warrant Transaction Agreements”. The warrant had been exercised with respect to 34,917,912 shares of the Company’s common stock as of June 30, 2024 and 2023.

In July 2017, the Company issued a warrant to acquire up to 55,286,696 shares of the Company’s common stock as part of a transaction agreement with Walmart, Inc. (“Walmart”), subject to certain vesting events, as described in Note 12, “Warrant Transaction Agreements”. The warrant had been exercised with respect to 13,094,217 shares of the Company’s common stock as of June 30, 2024 and 2023.

(4)In March 2024, the Company exchanged $138.8 million in aggregate principal amount of the 3.75% Convertible Senior Notes for $140.4 million in aggregate principal amount of the 7.00% Convertible Senior Notes due 2026 (the “7.00% Convertible Senior Notes”) as described in Note 10, “Convertible Senior Notes”. There were no conversions of the 7.00% Convertible Senior Notes during the three and six months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023.

In May 2020, the Company issued $212.5 million in aggregate principal amount of the 3.75% Convertible Senior Notes due 2025 (the “3.75% Convertible Senior Notes”) as described in Note 10, “Convertible Senior Notes”. There were no conversions of the 3.75% Convertible Senior Notes during the three and six months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023.

v3.24.2.u1
Inventory
6 Months Ended
Jun. 30, 2024
Inventory  
Inventory

5. Inventory

Inventory as of June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023 consisted of the following (in thousands):

    

June 30,

    

December 31,

2024

2023

Raw materials and supplies - production locations

$

536,835

$

564,818

Raw materials and supplies - customer locations

29,775

20,751

Work-in-process

 

144,544

 

149,574

Finished goods

 

228,380

 

226,110

Inventory

$

939,534

$

961,253

Inventory is comprised of raw materials, work-in-process, and finished goods. The Company had inventory reserves made up of excess and obsolete items and related lower of cost or net realizable value adjustments of $112.9 million and $85.2 million as of June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively.

v3.24.2.u1
Property, Plant and Equipment
6 Months Ended
Jun. 30, 2024
Property, Plant and Equipment  
Property, Plant and Equipment

6. Property, Plant and Equipment

Property, plant and equipment as of June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023 consisted of the following (in thousands):

June 30,

December 31,

2024

2023

Land

$

5,706

$

6,049

Construction in progress

891,606

1,109,896

Hydrogen production plants

364,703

77,107

Building and leasehold improvements

104,650

95,229

Software, machinery, and equipment

 

252,011

 

229,352

Property, plant and equipment

 

1,618,676

 

1,517,633

Less: accumulated depreciation

 

(108,983)

 

(81,456)

Property, plant and equipment, net

$

1,509,693

$

1,436,177

Construction in progress is primarily comprised of construction of three hydrogen production plants. Completed assets are transferred to their respective asset classes, and depreciation begins when an asset is ready for its intended use. Interest on outstanding debt is capitalized during periods of capital asset construction and amortized over the useful lives of the related assets. During the three months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023, the Company capitalized $3.1 million and $2.0 million of interest, respectively. During the six months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023, the Company capitalized $5.2 million and $4.0 million of interest, respectively.

Depreciation expense related to property, plant and equipment was $13.1 million and $7.3 million for the three months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively. Depreciation expense related to property, plant and equipment was $24.7 million and $12.8 million for the six months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively.

v3.24.2.u1
Intangible Assets
6 Months Ended
Jun. 30, 2024
Intangible Assets  
Intangible Assets

7. Intangible Assets

The gross carrying amount and accumulated amortization of the Company’s acquired identifiable intangible assets as of June 30, 2024 were as follows (in thousands):

Weighted Average

Gross Carrying

Accumulated

Amortization Period

Amount

Amortization

Total

Acquired technology

 

14 years

 

$

102,822

$

(23,818)

$

79,004

Dry stack electrolyzer technology

10 years

29,000

(6,767)

22,233

Customer relationships, trade name and other

13 years

 

102,682

(25,581)

77,101

$

234,504

$

(56,166)

$

178,338

The gross carrying amount and accumulated amortization of the Company’s acquired identifiable intangible assets as of December 31, 2023 were as follows (in thousands):

Weighted Average

Gross Carrying

Accumulated

Amortization Period

Amount

Amortization

Total

Acquired technology

 

14 years

$

103,060

$

(20,204)

$

82,856

Dry stack electrolyzer technology

10 years

29,000

(5,317)

23,683

Customer relationships, trade name and other

 

13 years

 

103,981

(21,634)

 

82,347

$

236,041

$

(47,155)

$

188,886

The change in the gross carrying amount of the acquired technology and customer relationships, trade name and other from December 31, 2023 to June 30, 2024 was due to foreign currency translation.

Amortization expense for acquired identifiable intangible assets for the three months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023 was $4.6 million and $4.8 million, respectively. Amortization expense for acquired identifiable intangible assets for the six months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023 was $9.4 million and $9.8 million, respectively.

The estimated amortization expense for subsequent years is as follows (in thousands):

Remainder of 2024

    

$

9,380

2025

18,036

2026

16,462

2027

16,455

2028

16,046

2029 and thereafter

101,959

Total

$

178,338

v3.24.2.u1
Accrued Expenses
6 Months Ended
Jun. 30, 2024
Accrued Expenses  
Accrued Expenses

8. Accrued Expenses

Accrued expenses as of June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023 consisted of (in thousands):

    

June 30,

    

December 31,

2024

2023

Accrued payroll and compensation related costs

$

18,267

$

32,584

Accrual for capital expenditures

16,684

83,781

Accrued accounts payable

55,203

64,767

Accrued sales and other taxes

19,797

17,207

Accrued interest

991

562

Accrued other

1,670

1,643

Total

$

112,612

$

200,544

v3.24.2.u1
Long-Term Debt
6 Months Ended
Jun. 30, 2024
Long-Term Debt.  
Long-Term Debt

9. Long-Term Debt

During the second quarter of 2024, the Company began repaying principal and interest on a $2.0 million allowance for tenant work related to its manufacturing facility in Slingerlands, NY. In accordance with ASC 842, Leases (“ASC 842”), the allowance is treated as a freestanding financial instrument separate from the facility lease and is accounted for as long-term debt. Plug is required to pay $249 thousand per year during the term which began coinciding with the facility lease commencement date on January 1, 2023. The terms of the allowance state that interest will accrue at 4.5% per annum over a 10 year period. The debt is scheduled to mature in 2032. During the three months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023 the Company repaid $42 thousand and $40 thousand of principal related to this outstanding debt. During the six months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023 the Company repaid $82 thousand and $80 thousand of principal related to this outstanding debt. The outstanding principal and carrying value of the debt was $1.8 million as of June 30, 2024.

In June 2020, the Company acquired debt as part of its acquisition of United Hydrogen Group Inc. During the three months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023, the Company repaid $0.3 million and $5.1 million of principal related to this outstanding debt. During the six months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023, the Company repaid $0.6 million and $5.4 million of principal related to this outstanding debt. The outstanding carrying value of the debt was $3.7 million as of June 30, 2024. The remaining outstanding principal on the debt was $4.9 million and the unamortized debt discount was $1.2 million, bearing varying interest rates ranging from 7.3% to 7.6%. The debt is scheduled to mature in 2026. As of June 30, 2024, the principal balance is due at each of the following dates as follows (in thousands):

December 31, 2024

2,757

December 31, 2025

1,200

December 31, 2026

900

Total outstanding principal

$

4,857

v3.24.2.u1
Convertible Senior Notes
6 Months Ended
Jun. 30, 2024
Convertible Senior Notes  
Convertible Senior Notes

10. Convertible Senior Notes

7.00% Convertible Senior Notes

On March 20, 2024, the Company entered into separate, privately negotiated exchange agreements with certain holders of the Company’s outstanding 3.75% Convertible Senior Notes pursuant to which the Company exchanged $138.8 million in aggregate principal amount of the 3.75% Convertible Senior Notes, and accrued and unpaid interest of $1.6 million on such notes to, but excluding, March 20, 2024, for $140.4 million in aggregate principal amount of the Company’s new 7.00% Convertible Senior Notes due 2026, in each case, pursuant to the exemption from registration provided by Section 4(a)(2) under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”). Following the exchange, approximately $58.5 million in aggregate principal amount of the 3.75% Convertible Senior Notes remained outstanding with terms unchanged.

This transaction was accounted for as an extinguishment of debt. As a result, the Company recorded a loss on extinguishment of debt of $14.0 million in the unaudited interim condensed consolidated statement of operations during the first quarter of 2024. Loss on extinguishment of debt arises from the difference between the net carrying amount of the Company’s debt and the fair value of the assets transferred to extinguish the debt.

The 7.00% Convertible Senior Notes are the Company’s senior, unsecured obligations and are governed by the terms of an Indenture (the “Indenture”), dated as of March 20, 2024, entered into between the Company and Wilmington Trust, National Association, as trustee. The 7.00% Convertible Senior Notes bear cash interest at the rate of 7.00% per annum, payable semi-annually in arrears on June 1 and December 1 of each year, beginning on June 1, 2024, to holders of record at the close of business on the preceding May 15 and November 15, respectively. The 7.00% Convertible Senior Notes mature on June 1, 2026, unless earlier converted or redeemed or repurchased by the Company.

The conversion rate for the 7.00% Convertible Senior Notes is initially 235.4049 shares of the Company’s common stock per $1,000 principal amount of 7.00% Convertible Senior Notes, which is equivalent to an initial conversion price of approximately $4.25 per share of common stock, which represents a premium of approximately 20% over the last reported sale price of Plug’s common stock on the Nasdaq Capital Market on March 12, 2024. The conversion rate and conversion price are subject to customary adjustments upon the occurrence of certain events. Prior to the close of business on the business day immediately preceding December 1, 2025, the 7.00% Convertible Senior Notes will be convertible at the option of the holders of the 7.00% Convertible Senior Notes only upon the satisfaction of specified conditions and during certain periods. On or after December 1, 2025 until the close of business on the second scheduled trading day immediately preceding the maturity date, the 7.00% Convertible Senior Notes will be convertible at the option of the holders of the 7.00% Convertible Senior Notes at any time regardless of these conditions. Conversions of the 7.00% Convertible Senior Notes will be settled in cash, shares of the Company’s common stock, or a combination thereof, at the Company’s election.

Subject to certain exceptions and subject to certain conditions, holders of the 7.00% Convertible Senior Notes may require the Company to repurchase their 7.00% Convertible Senior Notes upon the occurrence of a “Fundamental Change” (as defined in the Indenture) prior to maturity for cash at a repurchase price equal to 100% of the principal amount of the 7.00% Convertible Senior Notes to be repurchased plus accrued and unpaid interest, if any, to, but excluding, the repurchase date.

The 7.00% Convertible Senior Notes will be redeemable, in whole or in part, at the Company’s option at any time on or after June 5, 2025, at a cash redemption price equal to the principal amount of the 7.00% Convertible Senior Notes to be redeemed, plus accrued and unpaid interest, if any, to, but excluding, the redemption date, but only if the last reported sale price per share of the Company’s common stock exceeds 130% of the then-applicable conversion price then in effect for at least 20 trading days (whether or not consecutive), including at least one of the three trading days immediately preceding the date the Company sends the related redemption notice, during any 30 consecutive trading day period ending on, and including, the trading day immediately preceding the date on which the Company sends such redemption notice.

In certain circumstances, conversions of 7.00% Convertible Senior Notes in connection with “Make-Whole Fundamental Changes” (as defined in the Indenture) or conversions of 7.00% Convertible Senior Notes called for redemption may result in an increase to the conversion rate, provided that the conversion rate will not exceed 282.4859 shares of the Company’s common stock per $1,000 principal amount of 7.00% Convertible Senior Notes, subject to adjustment. In such circumstance, a maximum of 39,659,890 shares of common stock, subject to adjustment, may be issued upon conversion of the 7.00% Convertible Senior Notes. There were no conversions of the 7.00% Convertible Senior Notes during the three and six months ended June 30, 2024.

The 7.00% Convertible Senior Notes consisted of the following (in thousands):

June 30,

2024

Principal amounts:

Principal

$

140,396

Unamortized debt premium, net of offering costs (1)

10,126

Net carrying amount

$

150,522

(1)Included in the unaudited interim condensed consolidated balance sheets within convertible senior notes, net and amortized over the remaining life of the notes using the effective interest rate method.

The following table summarizes the total interest expense and effective interest rate related to the 7.00% Convertible Senior Notes for the three and six months ended June 30, 2024 (in thousands, except for the effective interest rate):

Three months ended

Six months ended

    

June 30, 2024

    

June 30, 2024

Interest expense

$

2,450

$

2,746

Amortization of premium

(1,314)

(1,473)

Total

$

1,136

$

1,273

Effective interest rate

3.0%

3.0%

The estimated fair value of the 7.00% Convertible Senior Notes as of June 30, 2024 was approximately $126.3 million. The fair value estimation was primarily based on a quoted price in an active market.

3.75% Convertible Senior Notes

On May 18, 2020, the Company issued $200.0 million in aggregate principal amount of 3.75% Convertible Senior Notes due June 1, 2025 in a private placement to qualified institutional buyers pursuant to Rule 144A under the Securities Act. On May 29, 2020, the Company issued an additional $12.5 million in aggregate principal amount of 3.75% Convertible Senior Notes. On March 12, 2024, the Company exchanged $138.8 million in aggregate principal amount of the 3.75% Convertible Senior Notes for $140.4 million in aggregate principal amount of the Company’s new 7.00% Convertible Senior Notes due 2026. Following the exchange, approximately $58.5 million in aggregate principal amount of the 3.75% Convertible Senior Notes remained outstanding with terms unchanged. There were no conversions of the 3.75% Convertible Senior Notes during the three and six months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023.

The 3.75% Convertible Senior Notes consisted of the following (in thousands):

June 30,

December 31,

2024

2023

Principal amounts:

Principal

$

58,462

$

197,278

Unamortized debt issuance costs (1)

(408)

(2,014)

Net carrying amount

$

58,054

$

195,264

(1)Included in the unaudited interim condensed consolidated balance sheets within convertible senior notes, net and amortized over the remaining life of the notes using the effective interest rate method.

The following table summarizes the total interest expense and effective interest rate related to the 3.75% Convertible Senior Notes for the three and six months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023 (in thousands, except for the effective interest rate):

Three months ended

Six months ended

    

June 30, 2024

    

June 30, 2023

June 30, 2024

    

June 30, 2023

Interest expense

$

548

$

1,849

$

2,238

$

3,698

Amortization of debt issuance costs

108

334

424

665

Total

$

656

$

2,183

$

2,662

$

4,363

Effective interest rate

4.5%

4.5%

4.5%

4.5%

The estimated fair value of the 3.75% Convertible Senior Notes as of June 30, 2024 was approximately $54.5 million. The fair value estimation was primarily based on a quoted price in an active market.

Capped Call

In conjunction with the pricing of the 3.75% Convertible Senior Notes, the Company entered into privately negotiated capped call transactions (the “3.75% Notes Capped Call”) with certain counterparties at a price of $16.2 million. The 3.75% Notes Capped Call covers, subject to anti-dilution adjustments, the aggregate number of shares of the Company’s common stock that underlie the initial 3.75% Convertible Senior Notes and is generally expected to reduce potential dilution to the Company’s common stock upon any conversion of the 3.75% Convertible Senior Notes and/or offset any cash payments the Company is required to make in excess of the principal amount of the converted notes, as the case may be, with such reduction and/or offset subject to a cap based on the cap price. The cap price of the 3.75% Notes Capped Call is initially $6.7560 per share, which represents a premium of approximately 60% over the last then-reported sale price of the Company’s common stock of $4.11 per share on the date of the transaction and is subject to certain adjustments under the terms of the 3.75% Notes Capped Call. The 3.75% Notes Capped Call becomes exercisable if the conversion option is exercised.

The net cost incurred in connection with the 3.75% Notes Capped Call was recorded as a reduction to additional paid-in capital in the unaudited interim condensed consolidated balance sheets. The book value of the 3.75% Notes Capped Call is not remeasured.

5.5% Convertible Senior Notes and Common Stock Forward

In March 2018, the Company issued $100.0 million in aggregate principal amount of the 5.5% Convertible Senior Notes due on March 15, 2023, in a private placement to qualified institutional buyers pursuant to Rule 144A under the Securities Act, which have been fully repaid. In connection with the issuance of the 5.5% Convertible Senior Notes, the Company entered into a forward stock purchase transaction (the “Common Stock Forward”), pursuant to which the Company agreed to purchase 14,397,906 shares of its common stock for settlement on or about March 15, 2023. On May 18, 2020, the Company amended and extended the maturity of the Common Stock Forward to June 1, 2025. The number of shares of common stock that the Company will ultimately repurchase under the Common Stock Forward is subject to

customary anti-dilution adjustments. The Common Stock Forward is subject to early settlement or settlement with alternative consideration in the event of certain corporate transactions.

The net cost incurred in connection with the Common Stock Forward of $27.5 million was recorded as an increase in treasury stock in the unaudited interim condensed consolidated balance sheets. The related shares were accounted for as a repurchase of common stock. The book value of the Common Stock Forward is not remeasured.

There were no shares of common stock that settled in connection with the Common Stock Forward during the three and six months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023.

v3.24.2.u1
Stockholders' Equity
6 Months Ended
Jun. 30, 2024
Stockholders' Equity  
Stockholders' Equity

11. Stockholders’ Equity

At Market Issuance Sales Agreement

On January 17, 2024, the Company entered into an At Market Issuance Sales Agreement with B. Riley, pursuant to which the Company may, from time to time, offer and sell through or to B. Riley, as sales agent or principal, shares of the Company’s common stock, having an aggregate offering price of up to $1.0 billion. As of February 23, 2024, the Company had $697.9 million remaining authorized for issuance under the ATM Agreement. On February 23, 2024, the Company amended the ATM Agreement to increase the amount of shares of the Company’s common stock available for sale under the ATM Agreement to $1.0 billion. During the three months ended June 30, 2024, the Company sold 96,812,695 shares of common stock at a weighted-average sales price of $2.80 per share for gross proceeds of $271.5 million with related issuance costs of $4.8 million. During the six months ended June 30, 2024, the Company sold 176,365,870 shares of common stock at a weighted-average sales price of $3.29 per share for gross proceeds of $580.8 million with related issuance costs of $8.7 million.

Public Offering of Common Stock

On July 22, 2024, the Company sold 78,740,157 shares of its common stock at a public offering price of $2.54 per share for net proceeds of $191.0 million after deduction of the underwriting discount and related offering expenses in an underwritten public offering with Morgan Stanley & Co. LLC. The Company granted the underwriter a 30-day option to purchase up to an additional 11,811,023 shares of common stock at the public offering price, less the underwriting discount.

Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss

Accumulated other comprehensive loss is comprised of unrealized gains and losses on available-for-sale securities and foreign currency translation gains and losses. There were no reclassifications from accumulated other comprehensive loss for the three and six months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively.

 

Net current-period other comprehensive income for the three months ended June 30, 2024 increased due to foreign currency translation gains of $7.1 million. Net current-period other comprehensive income for the three months ended June 30, 2023 increased due to unrealized gains on available-for-sale securities of $2.2 million and foreign currency translation gains of $3.1 million.

Net current-period other comprehensive income for the six months ended June 30, 2024 increased due to foreign currency translation gains of $4.9 million. Net current-period other comprehensive income for the six months ended June 30, 2023 increased due to unrealized gains on available-for-securities of $7.5 million and foreign currency translation gains of $4.7 million.

v3.24.2.u1
Warrant Transaction Agreements
6 Months Ended
Jun. 30, 2024
Warrant Transaction Agreements  
Warrant Transaction Agreements

12. Warrant Transaction Agreements

Amazon Transaction Agreement in 2022

On August 24, 2022, the Company and Amazon entered into a Transaction Agreement (the “2022 Amazon Transaction Agreement”), under which the Company concurrently issued to Amazon.com NV Investment Holdings LLC, a wholly owned subsidiary of Amazon, a warrant (the “2022 Amazon Warrant”) to acquire up to 16,000,000 shares (the “2022 Amazon Warrant Shares”) of the Company’s common stock, subject to certain vesting events described below. The Company and Amazon entered into the 2022 Amazon Transaction Agreement in connection with a concurrent commercial arrangement under which Amazon agreed to purchase hydrogen fuel from the Company through August 24, 2029.

1,000,000 of the 2022 Amazon Warrant Shares vested immediately upon issuance of the 2022 Amazon Warrant. 15,000,000 of the 2022 Amazon Warrant Shares will vest in multiple tranches over the 7-year term of the 2022 Amazon Warrant based on payments made to the Company directly by Amazon or its affiliates, or indirectly through third parties, with 15,000,000 of the 2022 Amazon Warrant Shares fully vesting if Amazon-related payments of $2.1 billion are made in the aggregate. The exercise price for the first 9,000,000 2022 Amazon Warrant Shares is $22.9841 per share and the fair value on the grant date was $20.36. The exercise price for the remaining 7,000,000 2022 Amazon Warrant Shares will be an amount per share equal to 90% of the 30-day volume weighted average share price of the Company’s common stock as of the final vesting event that results in full vesting of the first 9,000,000 2022 Amazon Warrant Shares. The 2022 Amazon Warrant is exercisable through August 24, 2029.

Upon the consummation of certain change of control transactions (as defined in the 2022 Amazon Warrant) prior to the vesting of at least 60% of the aggregate 2022 Amazon Warrant Shares, the 2022 Amazon Warrant will automatically vest and become exercisable with respect to an additional number of 2022 Amazon Warrant Shares such that 60% of the aggregate 2022 Amazon Warrant Shares shall have vested. If a change of control transaction is consummated after the vesting of at least 60% of the aggregate 2022 Amazon Warrant Shares, then no acceleration of vesting will occur with respect to any of the unvested 2022 Amazon Warrant Shares as a result of the transaction. The exercise price and the 2022 Amazon Warrant Shares issuable upon exercise of the 2022 Amazon Warrant are subject to customary antidilution adjustments.

On August 24, 2022, 1,000,000 of the 2022 Amazon Warrant Shares associated with tranche 1 vested. The warrant fair value associated with the vested shares of tranche 1 of $20.4 million was capitalized to contract assets based on the grant date fair value and is subsequently amortized ratably as a reduction to revenue based on the Company’s estimate of revenue over the term of the agreement. As of June 30, 2024 the balance of the contract asset related to tranche 1 was $19.0 million which is recorded in contract assets in the Company’s unaudited interim condensed consolidated balance sheet. During the second quarter of 2023, all 1,000,000 of the 2022 Amazon Warrant Shares associated with tranche 2 vested. The warrant fair value associated with the vested shares of tranche 2 was $20.4 million and was determined on the grant date of August 24, 2022. As of June 30, 2024 the balance of the contract asset related to tranche 2 was $19.0 million. Tranche 3 will vest over the next $1.0 billion of collections from Amazon and its affiliates. The grant date fair value of tranche 3 will also be amortized ratably as a reduction to revenue based on the Company’s estimate of revenue over the term of the agreement. As of June 30, 2024 the balance of the contract asset related to tranche 3 was $1.5 million. Because the exercise price has yet to be determined, the fair value of tranche 4 will be remeasured at each reporting period end and amortized ratably as a reduction to revenue based on the Company’s estimate of revenue over the term of the agreement.

As of June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, 2,500,000 and 2,000,000 of the 2022 Amazon Warrant Shares had vested, respectively, and the 2022 Amazon Warrant had not been exercised. During the three and six months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023, there were no exercises with respect to the 2022 Amazon Warrant. The total amount of provision for common stock warrants recorded as a reduction of revenue for the 2022 Amazon Warrant during the three months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023 was $1.7 million and $1.5 million, respectively. The total amount of provision for common stock warrants recorded as a reduction of revenue for the 2022 Amazon Warrant during the six months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023 was $2.4 million and $2.6 million, respectively.

The assumptions used to calculate the valuations of the 2022 Amazon Warrant as of August 24, 2022 and June 30, 2024 are as follows:

   

Tranches 1-3

   

Tranche 4

August 24, 2022

June 30, 2024

Risk-free interest rate

3.15%

4.24%

Volatility

75.00%

90.00%

Expected average term (years)

7.00

1.15

Exercise price

$22.98

$2.10

Stock price

$20.36

$2.33

Amazon Transaction Agreement in 2017

On April 4, 2017, the Company and Amazon entered into a Transaction Agreement (the “2017 Amazon Transaction Agreement”), pursuant to which the Company agreed to issue to Amazon.com NV Investment Holdings LLC, a warrant (the “2017 Amazon Warrant”) to acquire up to 55,286,696 shares (the “2017 Amazon Warrant Shares”), subject to certain vesting events. The Company and Amazon entered into the 2017 Amazon Transaction Agreement in connection with existing commercial agreements between the Company and Amazon with respect to the deployment of the Company’s GenKey fuel cell technology at Amazon distribution centers. The vesting of the 2017 Amazon Warrant Shares was conditioned upon payments made by Amazon or its affiliates (directly or indirectly through third parties) pursuant to existing commercial agreements. On December 31, 2020, the Company waived the remaining vesting conditions under the 2017 Amazon Warrant, which resulted in the immediate vesting of all of the third tranche of the 2017 Amazon Warrant Shares.

As of June 30, 2024 and 2023, all 55,286,696 of the 2017 Amazon Warrant Shares had vested and the 2017 Amazon Warrant was exercised with respect to 34,917,912 shares of the Company’s common stock. During the three and six months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023, there were no exercises with respect to the 2017 Amazon Warrant. The total amount of provision for common stock warrants recorded as a reduction of revenue for the 2017 Amazon Warrant during the three months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023 was $0.1 million and $0.1 million, respectively. The total amount of provision for common stock warrants recorded as a reduction of revenue for the 2017 Amazon Warrant during the six months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023 was $0.2 million and $0.2 million, respectively.

Walmart Transaction Agreement

On July 20, 2017, the Company and Walmart entered into a Transaction Agreement (the “Walmart Transaction Agreement”), pursuant to which the Company agreed to issue to Walmart a warrant (the “Walmart Warrant”) to acquire up to 55,286,696 shares of the Company’s common stock, subject to certain vesting events (the “Walmart Warrant Shares”). The Company and Walmart entered into the Walmart Transaction Agreement in connection with existing commercial agreements between the Company and Walmart with respect to the deployment of the Company’s GenKey fuel cell technology across various Walmart distribution centers. The existing commercial agreements contemplate, but do not guarantee, future purchase orders for the Company’s fuel cell technology. The vesting of the warrant shares was conditioned upon payments made by Walmart or its affiliates (directly or indirectly through third parties) pursuant to transactions entered into after January 1, 2017 under existing commercial agreements.

The exercise price for the first and second tranches of Walmart Warrant Shares was $2.1231 per share. After Walmart has made payments to the Company totaling $200.0 million, the third tranche of 20,368,784 Walmart Warrant Shares will vest in eight installments of 2,546,098 Walmart Warrant Shares each time Walmart or its affiliates, directly or indirectly through third parties, make an aggregate of $50.0 million in payments for goods and services to the Company, up to payments totaling $400.0 million in the aggregate. The exercise price of the third tranche of the Walmart Warrant Shares is $6.28 per share, which was determined pursuant to the terms of the Walmart Warrant as an amount equal to 90% of the 30-day volume weighted average share price of the Company’s common stock as of October 30, 2023, the final vesting date of the second tranche of the Walmart Warrant Shares. The Walmart Warrant is exercisable through July 20, 2027. The Walmart Warrant provides for net share settlement that, if elected by the holder, will reduce the number of

shares issued upon exercise to reflect net settlement of the exercise price. The Walmart Warrant provides for certain adjustments that may be made to the exercise price and the number of shares of common stock issuable upon exercise due to customary anti-dilution provisions based on future events. The Walmart Warrant is classified as an equity instrument. As of June 30, 2024, the balance of the contract asset related to the Walmart Warrant was $5.4 million.

As of June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, 37,464,010 and 34,917,912 of the Walmart Warrant Shares had vested, respectively, and the Walmart Warrant was exercised with respect to 13,094,217 shares of the Company’s common stock. During the three and six months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023, there were no exercises with respect to the Walmart Warrant. The total amount of provision for common stock warrants recorded as a reduction of revenue for the Walmart Warrant during the three months ended June 30, 2024 was $4.0 million compared to a negative provision for common stock warrants recorded as an addition to revenue of $1.5 million for the three months ended June 30, 2023. The total amount of provision for common stock warrants recorded as a reduction of revenue for the Walmart Warrant during the six months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023 was $7.7 million and $11.5 million, respectively.

v3.24.2.u1
Revenue
6 Months Ended
Jun. 30, 2024
Revenue  
Revenue

13. Revenue

Disaggregation of revenue

The following table provides information about disaggregation of revenue (in thousands):

Major products/services lines

Three months ended

Six months ended

June 30,

June 30,

2024

2023

2024

2023

Sales of fuel cell systems

$

13,148

$

72,181

$

32,149

$

101,033

Sales of hydrogen infrastructure

13,235

58,647

25,531

107,515

Sales of electrolyzers

15,029

6,966

16,381

46,998

Sales of engineered equipment

4,406

8,819

8,622

16,572

Services performed on fuel cell systems and related infrastructure

13,034

8,701

26,057

17,798

Power purchase agreements

19,674

16,130

37,978

24,067

Fuel delivered to customers and related equipment

29,887

17,878

48,173

28,020

Sales of cryogenic equipment and liquefiers

30,970

69,673

62,400

126,262

Other

3,967

1,187

6,323

2,203

Net revenue

$

143,350

$

260,182

$

263,614

$

470,468

Contract balances

The following table provides information about receivables, contract assets and deferred revenue and contract liabilities from contracts with customers (in thousands):

June 30,

December 31,

2024

2023

Accounts receivable

$

189,863

$

243,811

Contract assets

162,431

155,989

Deferred revenue and contract liabilities

245,846

288,302

Contract assets primarily relate to contracts for which revenue is recognized on a straight-line basis; however, billings escalate over the life of a contract. Contract assets also include amounts recognized as revenue in advance of billings to customers, which are dependent upon the satisfaction of another performance obligation. These amounts are included in contract assets on the accompanying unaudited interim condensed consolidated balance sheets.

The deferred revenue and contract liabilities relate to the advance consideration received from customers for services that will be recognized over time (primarily fuel cell and related infrastructure services and electrolyzer systems

and solutions). Deferred revenue and contract liabilities also include advance consideration received from customers prior to delivery of products. These amounts are included within deferred revenue and other contract liabilities on the unaudited interim condensed consolidated balance sheets.

Significant changes in the contract assets and the deferred revenue and contract liabilities balances during the period are as follows (in thousands):

Contract assets

Six months ended

Year ended

June 30, 2024

December 31, 2023

Transferred to receivables from contract assets recognized at the beginning of the period

$

(12,959)

$

(94,860)

Change in contract assets related to warrants

3,766

14,260

Impairment

(2,375)

Revenue recognized and not billed as of the end of the period

15,635

134,677

Net change in contract assets

$

6,442

$

51,702

Deferred revenue and contract liabilities

Six months ended

Year ended

June 30, 2024

December 31, 2023

Increases due to customer billings, net of amounts recognized as revenue during the period

$

21,195

$

151,965

Change in contract liabilities related to warrants

219

440

Revenue recognized that was included in the contract liability balance as of the beginning of the period

(63,870)

(94,001)

Net change in deferred revenue and contract liabilities

$

(42,456)

$

58,404

Estimated future revenue

The following table includes estimated revenue expected to be recognized in the future related to performance obligations that are unsatisfied (or partially unsatisfied) at the end of the reporting period, including provision for common stock warrants (in thousands):

June 30,

Expected recognition

2024

period (years)

Sales of fuel cell systems

$

39,989

1 - 2

Sales of hydrogen installations and other infrastructure

30,317

1

Sales of electrolyzers

320,839

1 - 2

Sales of engineered equipment

11,186

1

Services performed on fuel cell systems and related infrastructure

134,469

5 - 10

Power purchase agreements

401,874

5 - 10

Fuel delivered to customers and related equipment

91,984

5 - 10

Sales of cryogenic equipment and other

71,944

1

Total estimated future revenue

$

1,102,602

v3.24.2.u1
Income Taxes
6 Months Ended
Jun. 30, 2024
Income Taxes  
Income Taxes

14. Income Taxes

The Company recorded $0.4 million of income tax benefit and $0.9 million of income tax benefit for the three months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively. The Company recorded $0.2 million of income tax benefit and $2.2 million of income tax benefit for the six months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively. The income tax benefit for the six months ended June 30, 2024 was due to an incremental change to the valuation allowance recorded in foreign jurisdictions. The Company has not changed its overall conclusion with respect to the need for a valuation allowance

against its domestic net deferred tax assets, which remain fully reserved, and its valuation allowances recorded in foreign jurisdictions.

The domestic net deferred tax asset generated from the Company’s net operating loss has been offset by a full valuation allowance because it is more likely than not that the tax benefits of the net operating loss carryforward will not be realized. The Company recognizes accrued interest and penalties related to unrecognized tax benefits, if any, as a component of income tax expense.

The Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development Inclusive Framework on Base Erosion and Profit Shifting has proposed a global minimum corporate tax rate of 15% on multi-national corporations, commonly referred to as the Pillar Two rules that has been agreed upon in principle by over 140 countries. Numerous foreign countries have enacted legislation to implement the Pillar Two rules, effective beginning January 1, 2024, or are expected to enact similar legislation. As of June 30, 2024, the Company did not meet the consolidated revenue threshold and is not subject to the GloBE Rules under Pillar Two. The Company will continue to monitor the implementation of rules in the jurisdictions in which it operates.

v3.24.2.u1
Fair Value Measurements
6 Months Ended
Jun. 30, 2024
Fair Value Measurements  
Fair Value Measurements

15. Fair Value Measurements

The Company records the fair value of assets and liabilities in accordance with ASC 820, Fair Value Measurement (“ASC 820”). ASC 820 defines fair value as the price received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date and in the principal or most advantageous market for that asset or liability. The fair value should be calculated based on assumptions that market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability, not on assumptions specific to the entity.

In addition to defining fair value, ASC 820 expands the disclosure requirements around fair value and establishes a fair value hierarchy for valuation inputs. The hierarchy prioritizes the inputs into three levels based on the extent to which inputs used in measuring fair value are observable in the market. Each fair value measurement is reported in one of the three levels, which is determined by the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement in its entirety.

These levels are:

Level 1 — quoted prices (unadjusted) in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.
Level 2 — quoted prices for similar assets and liabilities in active markets or inputs that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly or indirectly through market corroboration, for substantially the full term of the financial instrument.
Level 3 — unobservable inputs reflecting management’s own assumptions about the inputs used in pricing the asset or liability at fair value.

There were no transfers between Level 1, Level 2, or Level 3 during the six months ended June 30, 2024. Financial instruments not recorded at fair value on a recurring basis include equity method investments that have not been remeasured or impaired in the current period, such as our investments in HyVia, AccionaPlug, SK Plug Hyverse and Clean H2 Infra Fund.

Assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis are summarized below (in thousands):

As of June 30, 2024

Carrying

Fair

Fair Value Measurements

Amount

Value

Level 1

Level 2

Level 3

Liabilities

Contingent consideration

$

90,620

$

90,620

$

$

$

90,620

As of December 31, 2023

Carrying

Fair

Fair Value Measurements

Amount

Value

Level 1

Level 2

Level 3

Liabilities

Contingent consideration

126,216

126,216

126,216

The liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis that have unobservable inputs and are therefore categorized as level 3 are related to contingent consideration. The fair value as of June 30, 2024 of $90.6 million is comprised of contingent consideration related to the Joule Processing LLC (“Joule”) acquisition in 2022 and the Frames Holding B.V. (“Frames”) acquisition in 2021.

In connection with the Joule acquisition, the Company initially recorded on its unaudited interim condensed consolidated balance sheet a liability of $41.7 million representing the fair value of contingent consideration payable. The fair value of this contingent consideration was $61.4 million and $75.5 million as of June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively. The decrease compared to the year ended December 31, 2023 was primarily due to payments that reduced the fair value of the liability by $10.0 million during the first quarter of 2024. A decrease of $4.1 million was recorded in change in fair value of contingent consideration in the unaudited interim condensed consolidated statement of operations for the six months ended June 30, 2024, partially offset by an increase of $3.4 million for the three months ended June 30, 2024.

In connection with the Frames acquisition, the Company initially recorded on its unaudited interim condensed consolidated balance sheet a liability of $29.1 million representing the fair value of contingent consideration payable. The fair value of this contingent consideration was $29.2 million and $31.8 million as of June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively. The decrease compared to the year ended December 31, 2023 was primarily due to a decrease of $1.6 million recorded in change in fair value of contingent consideration in the unaudited interim condensed consolidated statement of operations for the six months ended June 30, 2024, partially offset by an increase of $0.9 million for the three months ended June 30, 2024. A further decrease of $0.3 million and $1.0 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2024 was due to foreign currency translation gains.

In connection with the United Hydrogen Group Inc. (“UHG”) acquisition, the Company initially recorded on its unaudited interim condensed consolidated balance sheet a liability of $1.1 million representing the fair value of contingent consideration payable. The fair value of this contingent consideration was $0 and $0.9 million as of June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively. The decrease of $0.9 million was due to payments that reduced the fair value of the liability by $1.0 million during the three months ended June 30, 2024. Partially offsetting this decrease was an increase of $0 and $0.1 million recorded in change in fair value of contingent consideration in the unaudited interim condensed consolidated statement of operations during the three and six months ended June 30, 2024, respectively. The $1.0 million payment made during the second quarter of 2024 settled the remaining earn-out obligation.

In connection with the Giner acquisition, the Company initially recorded on its unaudited interim condensed consolidated balance sheet a liability of $16.0 million representing the fair value of contingent consideration payable. The fair value of this contingent consideration was $0 million and $18.0 million as of June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively. The decrease of $18.0 million was due to payments that reduced the fair value of the liability by $18.2 million during the three months ended June 30, 2024. Furthermore, an increase of $0.2 million was recorded in change in fair value of contingent consideration in the unaudited interim condensed consolidated statement of operations for the six months ended June 30, 2024, partially offset by a decrease of $0.5 million for the three months ended June 30, 2024. The $18.2 million payment during the second quarter of 2024 was paid in common stock and warrants and settled the remaining obligation of the earn-out. As part of the $18.2 million settlement of Giner’s earn-out obligation on May 24, 2024, the Company issued warrants to purchase the Company’s shares of common stock and the Company filed a prospectus supplement registering for resale up to 3,461,371 shares of the Company’s common stock issuable upon exercise of the warrants that were issued in connection with such earn-out obligation. The warrants have not been exercised as of June 30, 2024.

In the unaudited interim condensed consolidated balance sheets, contingent consideration is recorded in the contingent consideration, loss accrual for service contracts, and other current liabilities financial statement line item, and was comprised of the following unobservable inputs as of June 30, 2024:

Financial Instrument

    

Fair Value

Valuation Technique

Unobservable Input

Range (weighted average)

Contingent consideration

$

90,620

Scenario based method

Credit spread

13.51%

Discount rate

17.91% - 18.41%

90,620

In the unaudited interim condensed consolidated balance sheets, contingent consideration is recorded in the contingent consideration, loss accrual for service contracts, and other current liabilities financial statement line item, and was comprised of the following unobservable inputs as of December 31, 2023:

Financial Instrument

    

Fair Value

Valuation Technique

Unobservable Input

Range (weighted average)

Contingent consideration

$

126,216

Scenario based method

Credit spread

13.61%

Discount rate

17.71% - 19.06%

126,216

The change in the carrying amount of Level 3 liabilities during the six months ended June 30, 2024 was as follows (in thousands):

    

Six months ended

June 30, 2024

Beginning balance as of December 31, 2023

$

126,216

Cash payments

(10,000)

Change in fair value of contingent consideration

(9,200)

Foreign currency translation adjustment

 

(690)

Ending balance as of March 31, 2024

$

106,326

Cash payments

(1,000)

Payment settled in common stock and warrants

(18,241)

Change in fair value of contingent consideration

3,768

Foreign currency translation adjustment

 

(233)

Ending balance as of June 30, 2024

$

90,620

v3.24.2.u1
Investments
6 Months Ended
Jun. 30, 2024
Investments  
Investments

16. Investments

Equity Method Investments

As of June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, the Company accounted for the following investments in the investee’s common stock under the equity method, which are included in the investments in non-consolidated entities and non-marketable equity securities on the unaudited interim condensed consolidated balance sheets (amounts in thousands):

As of June 30, 2024

As of December 31, 2023

    

Formation

Common Stock

    

Carrying

Common Stock

    

Carrying

Investee

Date

Ownership %

Value

Ownership %

Value

HyVia

Q2 2021

50%

$

10,445

50%

$

(2,068)

AccionaPlug

Q4 2021

50%

3,816

50%

3,198

Clean H2 Infra Fund

Q4 2021

5%

26,510

5%

13,357

SK Plug Hyverse

Q1 2022

49%

53,424

49%

41,609

$

94,195

$

56,096

As of December 31, 2023, the Company’s investment in HyVia was negative due to historical losses. The Company is committed to fund its share of losses of the joint venture and, therefore, continued to record losses as incurred. The negative equity investment as of December 31, 2023 was recorded on the unaudited interim condensed consolidated balance sheet to the contingent consideration, loss accrual for service contracts, and other liabilities financial statement line item.

During the three months ended June 30, 2024, the Company contributed approximately $16.1 million, $0, $16.0 million and $9.7 million to HyVia, AccionaPlug, SK Plug Hyverse and Clean H2 Infra Fund, respectively. During the three months ended June 30, 2023, the Company contributed approximately $0, $0.8 million, $0 and $3.3 million to HyVia, AccionaPlug, SK Plug Hyverse and Clean H2 Infra Fund, respectively.

During the six months ended June 30, 2024, the Company contributed approximately $32.3 million, $1.7 million, $16.0 million and $13.7 million to HyVia, AccionaPlug, SK Plug Hyverse and Clean H2 Infra Fund, respectively. During the six months ended June 30, 2023, the Company contributed approximately $22.3 million, $0.8 million, $17.8 million and $3.3 million to HyVia, AccionaPlug, SK Plug Hyverse and Clean H2 Infra Fund, respectively.

The Company’s capital commitments related to its equity method investments as of June 30, 2024 includes $23.7 million to be made during the remainder of 2024.

v3.24.2.u1
Operating and Finance Lease Liabilities
6 Months Ended
Jun. 30, 2024
Operating and Finance Lease Liabilities  
Operating and Finance Lease Liabilities

17. Operating and Finance Lease Liabilities

As of June 30, 2024, the Company had operating leases, as lessee, primarily associated with sale/leaseback transactions that are partially secured by restricted cash and security deposits (see also Note 19, “Commitments and Contingencies”) as summarized below. These leases expire over the next one to seven years. Minimum rent payments under operating leases are recognized on a straight-line basis over the term of the lease.

Leases contain termination clauses with associated penalties, the amount of which cause the likelihood of cancellation to be remote. At the end of the lease term, the leased assets may be returned to the lessor by the Company, the Company may negotiate with the lessor to purchase the assets at fair market value, or the Company may negotiate with the lessor to renew the lease at market rental rates. No residual value guarantees are contained in the leases. No financial covenants are contained within the lease; however, the lease contains customary operational covenants such as the requirement that the Company properly maintain the leased assets and carry appropriate insurance. The leases include credit support in the form of either cash, collateral or letters of credit. See Note 19, “Commitments and Contingencies”, for a description of cash held as security associated with the leases.

The Company has finance leases associated with its property and equipment in Latham, New York and at fueling customer locations.

Future minimum lease payments under operating and finance leases (with initial or remaining lease terms in excess of one year) as of June 30, 2024 were as follows (in thousands):

   

Finance

   

Total

   

Operating Lease

Lease

Lease

Liability

Liability

Liabilities

Remainder of 2024

$

50,083

$

6,041

$

56,124

2025

95,589

 

15,000

110,589

2026

86,743

 

12,142

98,885

2027

73,066

 

8,260

81,326

2028

50,655

1,931

52,586

2029 and thereafter

149,565

3,300

152,865

Total future minimum payments

505,701

 

46,674

552,375

Less imputed interest

(175,045)

(5,942)

(180,987)

Total

$

330,656

$

40,732

$

371,388

Rental expense for all operating leases was $25.9 million and $23.3 million for the three months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively. Rental expense for all operating leases was $52.2 million and $45.2 million for the six months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively.

As of both June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, security deposits associated with sale/leaseback transactions were $7.4 million, and were included in other assets in the unaudited interim condensed consolidated balance sheets.

Other information related to the operating leases are presented in the following table:

Six months ended

  

Six months ended

June 30, 2024

June 30, 2023

Cash payments - operating cash flows (in thousands)

$

49,932

$

43,304

Weighted average remaining lease term (years)

7.15

6.16

Weighted average discount rate

11.3%

11.2%

Finance lease costs include amortization of the right of use assets (i.e., depreciation expense) and interest on lease liabilities (i.e., interest and other expense, net in the unaudited interim condensed consolidated statement of operations) and were $1.8 million and $1.9 million for the three months ended June 30, 2024, and 2023, respectively, and were $3.7 million and $3.7 million for the six months ended June 30, 2024, and 2023, respectively.

As of June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, the right of use assets associated with finance leases, net was $54.7 million and $57.3 million, respectively. The accumulated depreciation for these right of use assets was $11.2 million and $9.0 million at June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively.

Other information related to the finance leases are presented in the following table:

Six months ended

   

Six months ended

June 30, 2024

June 30, 2023

Cash payments - operating cash flows (in thousands)

$

1,488

$

1,587

Cash payments - financing cash flows (in thousands)

$

4,586

$

4,153

Weighted average remaining lease term (years)

3.47

3.47

Weighted average discount rate

6.8%

6.8%

v3.24.2.u1
Finance Obligation
6 Months Ended
Jun. 30, 2024
Finance Obligation  
Finance Obligation

18. Finance Obligation

The Company has sold future services to be performed associated with certain sale/leaseback transactions and recorded the balance as a finance obligation. The outstanding balance of this obligation as of June 30, 2024 was $314.8 million, $76.7 million and $238.1 million of which was classified as short-term and long-term, respectively, on the unaudited interim condensed consolidated balance sheet. The outstanding balance of this obligation at December 31, 2023 was $350.8 million, $74.0 million and $276.8 million of which was classified as short-term and long-term, respectively, on the unaudited interim condensed consolidated balance sheet. The amount is amortized using the effective interest method. Interest expense recorded related to finance obligations for the three months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023 was $9.4 million and $9.8 million, respectively. Interest expense recorded related to finance obligations for the six months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023 was $19.4 million and $19.0 million, respectively.

In prior periods, the Company entered into sale/leaseback transactions that were accounted for as financing transactions and reported as part of finance obligations. The outstanding balance of finance obligations related to sale/leaseback transactions as of June 30, 2024 was $15.9 million, $8.9 million and $7.0 million of which was classified as short-term and long-term, respectively, on the unaudited interim condensed consolidated balance sheet. The outstanding balance of this obligation at December 31, 2023 was $17.6 million, $10.0 million and $7.6 million of which was classified as short-term and long-term, respectively, on the unaudited interim condensed consolidated balance sheet.

Future minimum payments under finance obligations notes above as of June 30, 2024 were as follows (in thousands):

Total

Sale of Future

Sale/Leaseback

Finance

    

Revenue - Debt

    

Financings

    

Obligations

Remainder of 2024

$

54,902

$

8,715

$

63,617

2025

104,547

2,229

106,776

2026

87,824

2,229

90,053

2027

71,253

2,229

73,482

2028

51,188

2,015

53,203

2029 and thereafter

25,504

1,131

26,635

Total future minimum payments

395,218

18,548

413,766

Less imputed interest

(80,437)

(2,676)

(83,113)

Total

$

314,781

$

15,872

$

330,653

Other information related to the above finance obligations are presented in the following table:

Six months ended

Six months ended

June 30, 2024

June 30, 2023

Cash payments (in thousands)

$

57,319

$

49,256

Weighted average remaining term (years)

4.06

4.78

Weighted average discount rate

11.3%

11.2%

The fair value of the Company’s total finance obligations approximated their carrying value as of June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023.

v3.24.2.u1
Commitments and Contingencies
6 Months Ended
Jun. 30, 2024
Commitments and Contingencies  
Commitments and Contingencies

19. Commitments and Contingencies

Restricted Cash

In connection with certain of the above noted sale/leaseback agreements, cash of $525.6 million and $573.5 million was required to be restricted as security as of June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively, which restricted cash will be released over the lease term. As of June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, the Company also had certain letters of credit backed by security deposits totaling $340.7 million and $370.7 million, respectively, of which $305.6 million and $340.0 million are security for the above noted sale/leaseback agreements, respectively, and $35.1 million and $30.7 million are customs related letters of credit, respectively.

As of June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, the Company had $77.1 million and $76.8 million held in escrow related to the construction of certain hydrogen production plants, respectively.

The Company also had $0.1 million and $1.2 million of consideration held by our paying agent in connection with each of the Joule and CIS acquisitions, respectively, reported as restricted cash as of June 30, 2024, with a corresponding accrued liability on the Company’s unaudited interim condensed consolidated balance sheet. Additionally, the Company had $11.8 million and $11.7 million in restricted cash as collateral resulting from the Frames acquisition as of June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively.

Litigation

Legal matters are defended and handled in the ordinary course of business. The outcome of any such matters, regardless of the merits, is inherently uncertain; therefore, assessing the likelihood of loss and any estimated damages is difficult and subject to considerable judgment. We describe below those legal matters for which a material loss is either (i) possible but not probable, and/or (ii) not reasonably estimable at this time. Liabilities for loss contingencies arising

from claims, assessments, litigation, fines, and penalties and other sources are recorded when it is probable that a liability has been incurred and the amount can be reasonably estimated. Legal costs incurred in connection with loss contingencies are expensed as incurred. The Company has not recorded any accruals related to any legal matters.

Securities Litigation and Related Stockholder Derivative Litigation

2021 Securities Action and Related Derivative Litigation

Two actions are pending in which alleged stockholders of the Company assert claims derivatively, on the Company’s behalf, based on allegations and claims that had been asserted in a putative securities class action, In re Plug Power, Inc. Securities Litigation, No. 1:21-cv-2004 (S.D.N.Y. (the “2021 Securities Action”). In an opinion and order entered in August 2023, the district court dismissed the 2021 Securities Action with prejudice, and the plaintiffs in that action did not appeal.

A consolidated stockholder derivative action relating to the claims and allegations in the 2021 Securities Action is pending in the Court of Chancery for the State of Delaware, styled In re Plug Power Inc. Stockholder Derivative Litigation, Cons. C.A. No. 2022-0569-KSJM (Del. Ch.). By stipulation and order, the consolidated action was stayed until motions to dismiss were finally resolved in the 2021 Securities Action. On March 8, 2024, the alleged stockholder plaintiffs filed a consolidated amended complaint in which claims have been asserted against our officers Andrew J. Marsh, Paul B. Middleton, Gerard L. Conway, Jr., and Keith Schmid, and against our current or former directors George C. McNamee, Gary K. Willis, Maureen O. Helmer, Johannes M. Roth, Gregory L. Kenausis, Lucas Schneider, and Jonathan Silver. The Company is named as nominal defendant. Based on allegations in the first and second amended complaints in the 2021 Securities Action, the plaintiffs assert claims against the individual defendants for alleged breaches of fiduciary duty, disgorgement, and unjust enrichment based on alleged transactions in the Company’s securities while allegedly in possession of material non-public information concerning (i) the Company’s financial accounting prior to the announcement that the Company would need to restate certain financial statements and (ii) the potential amendment and termination of a warrant agreement between the Company and a significant customer. On May 10, 2024, the Company, as nominal defendant, and all of the individual defendants filed a motion to dismiss (a) for failure to make a pre-suit demand or to adequately allege demand futility and (b) by the individual defendants, for failure to state a claim. Oral argument has been scheduled on the motion to be held on September 20, 2024.

On May 13, 2021, alleged stockholder Romario St. Clair filed a complaint in the Supreme Court of the State of New York, County of New York, asserting claims derivatively on behalf of the Company against certain current or former directors and officers of the Company. The action is styled St. Clair v. Plug Power Inc. et al., Index No. 653167/2021 (N.Y. Sup. Ct., N.Y. Cty.). By stipulation and order, the action was stayed until motions to dismiss were finally resolved in the 2021 Securities Action. On March 25, 2024, the alleged stockholder plaintiff filed an amended complaint in which claims have been asserted against Mr. Marsh, Mr. Middleton, Mr. McNamee, Mr. Willis, Ms. Helmer, Mr. Kenausis, Mr. Roth, Mr. Schneider, and Mr. Silver, with the Company named as nominal defendant. As had been alleged in the 2021 Securities Action, the amended complaint alleges that the individual defendants knew or consciously disregarded that the Company was experiencing known but undisclosed material weaknesses in its internal controls over financial reporting and had made certain accounting errors later corrected in the Company’s financial restatement in 2021. The complaint further alleges that Mr. Marsh and Mr. Middleton engaged in transactions in the Company’s securities before these issues were disclosed. The plaintiff asserts claims against the individual defendants, derivatively on behalf of the Company, for breach of fiduciary and unjust enrichment. On July 12, 2024, the parties filed a stipulation of discontinuance of the action without prejudice, which the Court approved in an order entered on the same date.

2023 Securities Action and Related Derivative Litigation

A consolidated action is pending in the United States District Court for the District of Delaware asserting claims under the federal securities laws against the Company and certain of its senior officers on behalf of a putative class of purchasers of the Company’s securities, styled In re Plug Power, Inc. Securities Litigation, No. 1:23-cv-00576-MN (the “2023 Securities Action”). The plaintiffs filed a consolidated complaint on September 28, 2023, in which they assert claims under the federal securities laws against the Company and four of its senior officers, Mr. Marsh, Mr. Middleton, Sanjay

Shrestha, and former officer David Mindnich, on behalf of a putative class of purchasers of Plug Power common stock between January 19, 2022 and March 1, 2023. The complaint alleges that the defendants made “materially false and/or misleading statements” about the Company’s business and operations, including that “the Company was unable to effectively manage its supply chain and product manufacturing, resulting in reduced revenues and margins, increased inventory levels, and several large deals being delayed until at least 2023, among other issues The defendants filed a motion to dismiss the complaint on December 14, 2023, and briefing was completed in March 2024. All proceedings are stayed pending resolution of the motion to dismiss.

Beginning on September 13, 2023, three separate actions were filed in the U.S. District Court for the District of Delaware and in the U.S. District Court for the Southern District of New York asserting claims derivatively and on behalf of the Company against certain former and current Company officers and directors based on the claims asserted in the 2023 Securities Action. Those cases have been consolidated in the District of Delaware under the caption In re Plug Power, Inc. Stockholder Deriv. Litig., No. 1:23-cv-01007-MN (D. Del.). The defendants named in the constituent complaint were Mr. Marsh, Mr. Middleton, Mr. Mindnich, Martin Hull, Ms. Helmer, Mr. Kenausis, Mr. McNamee, Mr. Schneider, Mr. Silver, Mr. Willis, and current or former directors Jean Bua, Kavita Mahtani, and Kyungyeol Song. In an order entered on April 26, 2024, the Court approved the parties’ stipulation to stay all proceedings until motions to dismiss have been resolved in the 2023 Securities Action.

2024 Securities Litigation

On March 22, 2024, Ete Adote filed a complaint in the United States District Court for the Northern District of New York asserting claims under the federal securities laws against the Company, Mr. Marsh, and Mr. Middleton, on behalf of an alleged class of purchasers of Plug common stock between May 9, 2023 and January 16, 2024, styled Adote v. Plug Power, Inc. et al., No. 1:24-cv-00406-MAD-DJS (N.D.N.Y.). The allegations in the 2024 Securities Action are substantially similar to those in the consolidated 2023 Securities Action but cover a different putative class period that extends into 2024. On April 30, 2024, a second complaint asserting substantially similar claims against the same defendants, but on behalf of a putative class of purchasers of Plug Power common stock between March 1, 2023 and January 16, 2024, was filed in the Northern District of New York, styled Lee v. Plug Power, et al., No. 1:24;cv-0598-MAD-DJS (N.D.N.Y.). The Court has approved stipulations in both actions extending the time for all defendants to respond to any pleading until after the Court appoints lead plaintiff(s).

Other Litigation

On May 2, 2023, a lawsuit entitled Jacob Thomas and JTurbo Engineering & Technology, LLC v. Joule Processing, LLC and Plug Power Inc., Case No. 4:23-cv-01615, was filed in the United States District Court for the Southern District of Texas against Joule Processing, LLC and Plug Power Inc. The complaint alleges misappropriation of trade secrets under both the federal Defend Trade Secrets Act of 2016, 18 U.S.C. § 1836, and the Texas Uniform Trade Secrets Act, three breach of contract claims, and four common law claims under Texas law. On December 5, 2023, the Court granted, in part, the partial motion to dismiss filed by Joule Processing, LLC and Plug Power Inc., and the Court dismissed with prejudice one of the breach of contract claims and the four common law claims. The Court also transferred another of the breach of contract claims to the United States District Court for the Northern District of New York, Case No. 1:23-cv-01528. That claim was dismissed without prejudice, and that matter was closed on April 4, 2024. Currently pending before the United States District Court for the Southern District of Texas is Plaintiff[s’] Verified Amended Application for Temporary Restraining Order, Preliminary Injunction and Permanent Injunctive Relief (the “Amended Application for Injunctive Relief”). Joule Processing, LLC and Plug Power Inc. filed their Response in Opposition to the Amended Application for Injunctive Relief on March 27, 2024, and Jacob Thomas and JTurbo Engineering & Technology, LLC filed their Reply in Support of the Amended Application for Injunctive Relief on April 4, 2024.

On July 24, 2023, an action entitled Felton v. Plug Power, Inc., Case No. 1:23-cv-887, was filed in the U.S. District Court for the Northern District of New York asserting claims against the Company pursuant to the New York State Human Rights Law. The complaint asserts that the plaintiff is seeking damages to redress injuries suffered as a result of harassment and discrimination on the basis of his race, together with creating a hostile work environment, and retaliation. Plug disagrees with plaintiff’s representations about his time at Plug and intends to vigorously defend against his

allegations. Plaintiff’s counsel moved to withdraw from the case, which the court approved on March 18, 2024, and therefore plaintiff is now pro se. The current discovery deadline is October 22, 2024.

Concentrations of Credit Risk

Financial instruments that potentially subject the Company to credit risk consist principally of cash, cash equivalents, restricted cash and accounts receivable. Cash and restricted cash are maintained in accounts with financial institutions, which, at times may exceed the Federal depository insurance coverage of $250 thousand. The Company has not experienced losses on these accounts and management believes, based upon the quality of the financial institutions, that the credit risk with regard to these deposits is not significant.

Concentrations of credit risk with respect to receivables exist due to the limited number of select customers with whom the Company has commercial sales arrangements. To mitigate credit risk, the Company performs appropriate evaluation of a prospective customer’s financial condition.

As of June 30, 2024, one customer comprised approximately 15.2% of the Company’s consolidated accounts receivable balance. At December 31, 2023, one customer comprised approximately 21.5% of the Company’s consolidated accounts receivable balance.

For purposes of assigning a customer to a sale/leaseback transaction completed with a financial institution, the Company considers the end user of the assets to be the ultimate customer. For the three months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023, three and two customers accounted for 46.8% and 63.0% of total consolidated revenues, respectively. For the six months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023, two customers accounted for 39.9% and 41.9% of total consolidated revenues, respectively.

Guarantee

On May 30, 2023, our joint venture, HyVia, entered into a government grant agreement with Bpifrance. As part of the agreement, our wholly-owned subsidiary, Plug Power France, was required to issue a guarantee to Bpifrance in the amount of €20 million through the end of January 2027. Plug Power France is liable to the extent of the guarantee for sums due to Bpifrance from HyVia under the agreement based on the difference between the total amount paid by Bpifrance and the final amount certified by HyVia and Bpifrance. As part of the agreement, there are certain milestones that HyVia is required to meet, and the nonperformance of these milestones or termination of this agreement could result in this guarantee being called upon. As of June 30, 2024, no payments related to this guarantee have been made by the Company and Plug Power France did not record a liability for this guarantee as the likelihood of the guarantee being called upon is remote.

Unconditional Purchase Obligations

The Company has entered into certain off–balance sheet commitments that require the future purchase of goods or services (“unconditional purchase obligations”). The Company’s unconditional purchase obligations primarily consist of supplier arrangements, take or pay contracts and service agreements. For certain vendors, the Company’s unconditional obligation to purchase a minimum quantity of raw materials at an agreed upon price is fixed and determinable; while certain other raw material costs will vary due to product forecasting and future economic conditions.

Future payments under non-cancelable unconditional purchase obligations with a remaining term in excess of one year as of June 30, 2024, were as follows (in thousands):

Remainder of 2024

    

$

27,185

2025

8,023

2026

8,023

2027

2,638

2028

2029 and thereafter

Total

45,869

v3.24.2.u1
Employee Benefit Plans
6 Months Ended
Jun. 30, 2024
Employee Benefit Plans  
Employee Benefit Plans

20. Employee Benefit Plans

2011 and 2021 Stock Option and Incentive Plan

The Company has issued stock-based awards to employees and members of its Board of Directors (the “Board”) consisting of stock options and restricted stock and restricted stock unit awards. The Company accounts for all stock-based awards to employees and members of the Board as compensation costs in the consolidated financial statements based on their fair values measured as of the date of grant. These costs are recognized over the requisite service period. Stock-based compensation costs recognized, excluding the Company’s matching contributions of $3.1 million and $3.0 million to the Plug Power Inc. 401(k) Savings & Retirement Plan and quarterly Board compensation, were $22.7 million and $36.9 million for the three months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively. Stock-based compensation costs recognized, excluding the Company’s matching contributions of $6.3 million and $6.0 million to the Plug Power Inc. 401(k) Savings & Retirement Plan and quarterly Board compensation, were $33.1 million and $77.0 million for the six months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively. The methods and assumptions used in the determination of the fair value of stock-based awards are consistent with those described in our 2023 Form 10-K.

The components and classification of stock-based compensation expense, excluding the Company’s matching contributions to the Plug Power Inc. 401(k) Savings & Retirement Plan and quarterly Board compensation, were as follows (in thousands):

Three months ended

Six months ended

June 30, 2024

June 30, 2023

June 30, 2024

June 30, 2023

Cost of sales

$

2,079

$

2,439

$

4,085

$

5,116

Research and development

2,251

1,765

4,593

4,047

Selling, general and administrative

18,416

32,657

24,440

67,886

$

22,746

$

36,861

$

33,118

$

77,049

Option Awards

The Company issues options that are time and performance-based awards. All option awards are determined to be classified as equity awards.

Service Stock Options Awards

The following table reflects the service stock option activity for the six months ended June 30, 2024:

    

    

    

Weighted

    

Weighted

Average

Average

Remaining

Aggregate

Exercise

Contractual

Intrinsic

Shares

Price

Terms

Value

Options outstanding at December 31, 2023

17,336,362

$

11.37

7.86

$

11,391

Options exercisable at December 31, 2023

8,288,944

11.84

6.18

7,250

Options unvested at December 31, 2023

9,047,418

10.94

9.39

4,141

Granted

4,968,125

2.51

Exercised

(32,500)

2.15

Forfeited

(2,018,782)

18.42

Options outstanding at June 30, 2024

20,253,205

$

8.51

7.53

$

464

Options exercisable at June 30, 2024

7,954,524

11.15

5.66

464

Options unvested at June 30, 2024

12,298,681

$

6.80

8.75

$

The weighted average grant date fair value of the service stock options granted during the six months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023 was $1.78 and $6.76, respectively. The total intrinsic fair value of service stock options exercised during the six months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023 was $39 thousand and $1.8 million, respectively. The total fair value of the service stock options that vested during the six months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023 was approximately $8.2 million and $9.8 million, respectively.

Compensation cost associated with service stock options represented approximately $5.4 million and $6.9 million of the total share-based payment expense recorded for the three months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively. Compensation cost associated with service stock options represented approximately $12.3 million and $15.2 million of the total share-based payment expense recorded for the six months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively. As of June 30, 2024, there was approximately $39.7 million of unrecognized compensation cost related to service stock option awards to be recognized over the weighted average remaining period of 1.98 years.

Performance Stock Option Awards

The following table reflects the performance stock option award activity for the six months ended June 30, 2024. Solely for the purposes of this table, the number of performance options is based on participants earning the maximum number of performance options (i.e. 200% of the target number of performance options):

    

    

    

Weighted

    

Weighted

Average

Average

Remaining

Aggregate

Exercise

Contractual

Intrinsic

Shares

Price

Terms

Value

Options outstanding at December 31, 2023

21,925,000

$

21.32

5.27

$

Options exercisable at December 31, 2023

2,782,000

26.9

4.7

Options unvested at December 31, 2023

19,143,000

20.50

5.35

Granted

2,452,500

2.41

6.82

Exercised

Forfeited

(2,250,000)

Options outstanding at June 30, 2024

22,127,500

$

19.33

4.94

$

Options exercisable at June 30, 2024

4,038,667

20.99

4.74

Options unvested at June 30, 2024

18,088,833

$

18.96

4.98

$

The weighted average grant-date fair value of the performance stock options granted during the six months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023 was $0.53 and $4.32, respectively. There were no performance stock options exercised during the

six months ended June 30, 2024 or 2023. The total fair value of the performance stock options that vested was $5.6 million and $0 during the six months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively.

Compensation cost associated with performance stock options represented approximately $7.9 million and $17.9 million of the total share-based payment expense recorded for the three months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively. Compensation cost associated with performance stock options represented approximately $1.8 million and $35.3 million of the total share-based payment expense recorded for the six months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively. Compensation cost for the six months ended June 30, 2024 includes non-cash reversals due to forfeitures of unvested performance stock options of ($15.2) million during the first quarter of 2024. The non-cash compensation expense reversals were offset by compensation costs of $17.0 million during the six months ended June 30, 2024. As of June 30, 2024, there was approximately $14.4 million of unrecognized compensation cost related to performance stock option awards to be recognized over the weighted average remaining period of 1.43 years.

As of June 30, 2024, there were 3,904,333 unvested performance stock options for which the employee requisite service period had not been rendered but were expected to vest. The aggregate intrinsic value of these unvested performance stock options was $0 as of June 30, 2024. The weighted average exercise price of these unvested performance stock options was $14.66 and the weighted average remaining contractual term was 5.29 years as of June 30, 2024.

Restricted Common Stock and Restricted Stock Unit Awards

The following table reflects the restricted common stock and restricted stock unit activity for the six months ended June 30, 2024 (in thousands except share amounts):

    

Weighted

    

Aggregate

Average Grant Date

Intrinsic

Shares

Fair Value

Value

Unvested restricted stock at December 31, 2023

6,732,884

$

15.66

$

30,298

Granted

1,054,057

2.85

Vested

(573,045)

17.84

Forfeited

(931,081)

17.88

Unvested restricted stock at June 30, 2024

6,282,815

$

12.98

$

14,639

The weighted average grant-date fair value of the restricted common stock and restricted stock unit awards granted during the six months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023 was $2.85 and $10.42, respectively. The total fair value of restricted shares of common stock and restricted stock unit awards that vested for the six months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023 was $10.2 million and $16.8 million, respectively.

Compensation cost associated with restricted common stock and restricted stock unit awards represented approximately $9.4 million and $12.0 million for the three months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively. Compensation cost associated with restricted common stock and restricted stock unit awards represented approximately $19.0 million and $26.6 million for the six months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively. As of June 30, 2024, there was $51.5 million of unrecognized compensation cost related to restricted common stock and restricted stock unit awards to be recognized over the weighted average period of 1.65 years.

Included in the total unvested restricted common stock and restricted stock units as of June 30, 2024, there were 375,000 restricted common stock units outstanding with a performance target. The Company recorded expense associated with the restricted common stock units with a performance target of $0.7 million and $0 for the three months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively. The Company recorded expense associated with the restricted common stock units with a performance target of $1.3 million and $0 for the six months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively. As of June 30, 2024 there was $1.8 million of unrecognized compensation cost related to the restricted common stock units outstanding with a performance target to be recognized over the weighted average period of 2.08 years.

401(k) Savings & Retirement Plan

The Company issued 2,085,222 shares of common stock and 547,174 shares of common stock pursuant to the Plug Power Inc. 401(k) Savings & Retirement Plan during the six months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively.

The Company’s expense for this plan was approximately $3.1 million and $3.0 million during the three months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively. The Company’s expense for this plan was approximately $6.3 million and $6.0 million during the six months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively.

Non-Employee Director Compensation

The Company granted 73,632 shares of common stock and 11,466 shares of common stock to non-employee directors as compensation during the three months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively. The Company granted 127,230 shares of common stock and 21,782 shares of common stock to non-employee directors as compensation during the six months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively. All common stock issued is fully vested at the time of issuance and is valued at fair value on the date of issuance. The Company’s share-based compensation expense in connection with non-employee director compensation was approximately $0.2 million and $0.1 million during the three months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively. The Company’s share-based compensation expense in connection with non-employee director compensation was approximately $0.4 million and $0.2 million during the six months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively.

v3.24.2.u1
Segment and Geographic Area Reporting
6 Months Ended
Jun. 30, 2024
Segment and Geographic Area Reporting  
Segment and Geographic Area Reporting

21. Segment and Geographic Area Reporting

Our organization is managed from a sales perspective based on “go-to-market” sales channels, emphasizing shared learning across end-user applications and common supplier/vendor relationships. These sales channels are structured to serve a range of customers for our products and services. As a result of this structure, we concluded that we have one operating and reportable segment — the design, development and sale of hydrogen products and solutions that help customers meet their business goals while decarbonizing their operations. Our chief executive officer was identified as the chief operating decision maker (CODM). All significant operating decisions made by management are largely based upon the analysis of Plug Power Inc. on a total company basis, including assessments related to our incentive compensation plans.

The revenue and long-lived assets based on geographic location are as follows (in thousands):

Revenues

Revenues

Long-Lived Assets

Three months ended

Six months ended

As of

June 30, 2024

June 30, 2023

June 30, 2024

June 30, 2023

June 30, 2024

December 31, 2023

North America

$

113,113

$

235,521

$

218,849

$

397,327

$

1,903,747

$

1,881,315

Europe

21,182

12,143

29,756

52,259

151,268

122,489

Asia

4,112

5,998

9,179

9,280

Other

4,943

6,520

5,830

11,602

2,854

884

Total

$

143,350

$

260,182

$

263,614

$

470,468

$

2,057,869

$

2,004,688

v3.24.2.u1
Related Party Transactions
6 Months Ended
Jun. 30, 2024
Related Party Transactions  
Related Party Transactions

22. Related Party Transactions

HyVia

Our 50/50 joint venture, HyVia, manufactures and sells fuel cell powered electric light commercial vehicles (“FCE-LCVs”) and supplies hydrogen fuel and fueling stations to support the FCE-LCV market, in each case primarily in Europe. For the three months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023, we recognized related party total revenue of $0.7 million and $2.3 million, respectively. For the six months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023, we recognized related party total revenue of $3.8 million and $6.1 million, respectively. As of June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, we had related party outstanding accounts receivable of $0.6 million and $2.3 million, respectively.

SK Plug Hyverse

Our 49/51 joint venture, SK Plug Hyverse, aims to provide hydrogen fuel cell systems, hydrogen fueling stations, electrolyzers and clean hydrogen to the Korean and other selected Asian markets. For the three months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023, we recognized related party total revenue of $1.1 million and $0.8 million, respectively. For the six months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023, we recognized related party total revenue of $4.5 million and $1.0 million, respectively. As of June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, we had related party outstanding accounts receivable of $0.5 million and $1.7 million, respectively.

v3.24.2.u1
Restructuring
6 Months Ended
Jun. 30, 2024
Restructuring  
Restructuring

23. Restructuring

In February 2024, in a strategic move to enhance our financial performance and ensure long-term value creation in a competitive market, we approved a comprehensive initiative that encompasses a broad range of measures, including operational consolidation, strategic workforce adjustments, and various other cost-saving actions (the “Restructuring Plan”). These measures are aimed at increasing efficiency, improving scalability, and maintaining our leadership position in the renewable energy industry. We began executing the Restructuring Plan in February 2024 and expect the Restructuring Plan to be completed in the second half of 2024, subject to local law and consultation requirements.

The determination of when we accrue for involuntary termination benefits under restructuring plans depends on whether the termination benefits are provided under an ongoing benefit arrangement or under a one-time benefit arrangement. We account for involuntary termination benefits that are provided pursuant to one-time benefit arrangements in accordance with ASC 420, Exit or Disposal Cost Obligations (“ASC 420”) whereas involuntary termination benefits that are part of an ongoing written or substantive plan are accounted for in accordance with ASC 712, Nonretirement Postemployment Benefits (“ASC 712”). We accrue a liability for termination benefits under ASC 420 in the period in which the plan is communicated to the employees and the plan is not expected to change significantly. For ongoing benefit arrangements, inclusive of statutory requirements, we accrue a liability for termination benefits under ASC 712 when the existing situation or set of circumstances indicates that an obligation has been incurred, it is probable the benefits will be paid, and the amount can be reasonably estimated. The restructuring charges that have been incurred but not yet paid are recorded in accrued expenses and other current liabilities in our unaudited interim condensed consolidated balance sheets, as they are expected to be paid within the next twelve months.

During the three months ended June 30, 2024, we incurred $1.6 million in restructuring costs recorded as severance expenses of $1.6 million and other restructuring costs of $49 thousand in the restructuring financial statement line item in the unaudited interim condensed consolidated statement of operations. During the six months ended June 30, 2024, we incurred $7.6 million in restructuring costs recorded as severance expenses of $6.8 million and other restructuring costs of $0.8 million in the restructuring financial statement line item in the unaudited interim condensed consolidated statement of operations. We expect to incur another $0.1 million in restructuring costs in subsequent quarters, which are primarily related to severance expenses, and are expected to be incurred during the third quarter of 2024. The actual timing and amount of costs associated with these restructuring actions may differ from our current expectations and estimates and such differences may be material.

Severance expense recorded during the three and six months ended June 30, 2024 in accordance with ASC 420 was a result of the separation of full-time employees associated with the Restructuring Plan. As of June 30, 2024, $1.6 million of accrued severance-related costs were included in accrued expenses in our unaudited interim condensed consolidated balance sheets and are expected to be paid during the third quarter of 2024. Other costs are represented by (1) $0.2 million of legal and professional services costs, and (2) $0.6 million of other one-time employee termination benefits. As of June 30, 2024, $28 thousand of accrued other costs were included in accrued expenses in our unaudited interim condensed consolidated balance sheets and are expected to be paid during the third quarter of 2024.

v3.24.2.u1
Subsequent Events
6 Months Ended
Jun. 30, 2024
Subsequent Events  
Subsequent Events

24. Subsequent Events

Common Stock At Market Issuance Sales Agreement

From June 30, 2024 through the date of filing of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, the Company sold 13,045,572 shares of common stock at a weighted-average sales price of $2.35 per share for gross proceeds of $30.7 million with related issuance costs of $0.5 million.

Public Offering of Common Stock

On July 22, 2024, the Company sold 78,740,157 shares of its common stock at a public offering price of $2.54 per share for net proceeds of $191.0 million after deduction of the underwriting discount and related offering expenses in an underwritten public offering with Morgan Stanley & Co. LLC. The Company granted the underwriter a 30-day option to purchase up to an additional 11,811,023 shares of common stock at the public offering price, less the underwriting discount.

v3.24.2.u1
Pay vs Performance Disclosure - USD ($)
$ in Thousands
3 Months Ended 6 Months Ended
Jun. 30, 2024
Mar. 31, 2024
Jun. 30, 2023
Mar. 31, 2023
Jun. 30, 2024
Jun. 30, 2023
Pay vs Performance Disclosure            
Net Income (Loss) $ (262,333) $ (295,776) $ (236,398) $ (206,561) $ (558,109) $ (442,959)
v3.24.2.u1
Insider Trading Arrangements
3 Months Ended
Jun. 30, 2024
shares
Trading Arrangements, by Individual  
Material Terms of Trading Arrangement
(a)On August 2, 2024, Kyungyeol Song notified the Board of Directors of his decision to resign from the Board of Plug Power Inc. effective immediately. Mr. Song’s resignation was not due to any disagreement with the Company on any matter relating to the Company’s operations, policies or practices.

(c) Director and Officer Trading Arrangements

On May 17, 2024, Martin Hull, an executive officer of our Company, adopted a stock trading plan established pursuant to Rule 10b5-1 of the Exchange Act, which was intended to satisfy the affirmative defense conditions of Rule 10b5-1(c). The trading plan provides for the sale of up to 501,710 shares of the Company’s common stock in the aggregate until the earlier of November 28, 2025 or the date all shares are sold thereunder.

On June 3, 2024, Maureen Helmer, a director of our Company, adopted a stock trading plan established pursuant to Rule 10b5-1 of the Exchange Act, which was intended to satisfy the affirmative defense conditions of Rule 10b5-1(c). The trading plan provides for the sale of up to 27,056 shares of the Company’s common stock in the aggregate until the earlier of December 3, 2025 or the date all shares are sold thereunder.

On June 14, 2024, Keith Schmid, an executive officer of our Company, adopted a stock trading plan established pursuant to Rule 10b5-1 of the Exchange Act, which was intended to satisfy the affirmative defense conditions of Rule 10b5-1(c). The trading plan provides for the sale of up to 648,334 shares of the Company’s common stock in the aggregate until the earlier of September 12, 2025 or the date all shares are sold thereunder.

The trading plans were entered into during an open insider trading window and are intended to satisfy the affirmative defense conditions of Rule 10b5-1(c) under the Exchange Act. There were no other Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangements or non-Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangements adopted, modified or terminated by the Company’s directors or executive officers during the quarter ended June 30, 2024.

Non-Rule 10b5-1 Arrangement Adopted false
Non-Rule 10b5-1 Arrangement Terminated false
Martin Hull  
Trading Arrangements, by Individual  
Name Martin Hull
Title executive officer
Rule 10b5-1 Arrangement Adopted true
Adoption Date May 17, 2024
Aggregate Available 501,710
Maureen Helmer  
Trading Arrangements, by Individual  
Name Maureen Helmer
Title director
Rule 10b5-1 Arrangement Adopted true
Adoption Date June 3, 2024
Aggregate Available 27,056
Keith Schmid  
Trading Arrangements, by Individual  
Name Keith Schmid
Title executive officer
Rule 10b5-1 Arrangement Adopted true
Adoption Date June 14, 2024
Aggregate Available 648,334
v3.24.2.u1
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Policies)
6 Months Ended
Jun. 30, 2024
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies  
Principles of Consolidation

Principles of Consolidation

The unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements include the financial statements of the Company and its wholly-owned subsidiaries. Intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation. In addition, we include our share of the results of our joint ventures with Renault SAS (“Renault”) named HyVia SAS, a French société par actions simplifiée (“HyVia”), AccionaPlug S.L. (“AccionaPlug”), and SK Plug Hyverse Co., Ltd. (“SK Plug Hyverse”), and our investment in Clean H2 Infra Fund, using the equity method based on our economic ownership interest and our ability to exercise significant influence over the operating and financial decisions of HyVia, AccionaPlug, SK Plug Hyverse and Clean H2 Infra Fund.

Interim Financial Statements

Interim Financial Statements

The accompanying unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared pursuant to the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”). In the opinion of management, all adjustments, which consist solely of normal recurring adjustments, necessary to present fairly, in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”), the financial position, results of operations and cash flows for all periods presented, have been made. The results of operations for the interim periods presented are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for the full year.

Certain information and footnote disclosures normally included in annual consolidated financial statements prepared in accordance with GAAP have been condensed or omitted. These unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the Company’s audited consolidated financial statements and notes thereto included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2023 (the “2023 Form 10-K”).

The information presented in the accompanying unaudited interim condensed consolidated balance sheets as of December 31, 2023 has been derived from the Company’s 2023 audited consolidated financial statements.

The unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements contained herein should be read in conjunction with our 2023 Form 10-K.

Clean Hydrogen Production Tax Credit

Clean Hydrogen Production Tax Credit

Beginning in the second quarter of 2024, the Company has determined it qualifies for the clean hydrogen production tax credit (“PTC”) under Section 45V as part of the Inflation Reduction Act of 2022 (“IRA”) resulting from operation of the Company’s hydrogen production plant located in Georgia. As a result, the Company recorded approximately $1.3 million to the other assets financial statement line item of the unaudited interim condensed consolidated balance sheet and a reduction to the fuel delivered to customers and related equipment cost of revenue financial statement line item of the unaudited interim condensed consolidated statement of operations.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

Recently Adopted Accounting Guidance

There have been no significant changes in our reported financial position or results of operations and cash flows resulting from the adoption of new accounting pronouncements.

Recent Accounting Guidance Not Yet Effective

Other than the standards mentioned in our 2023 Form 10-K, all issued but not yet effective accounting and reporting standards as of June 30, 2024 are either not applicable to the Company or are not expected to have a material impact on the Company.

v3.24.2.u1
Extended Maintenance Contracts (Tables)
6 Months Ended
Jun. 30, 2024
Extended Maintenance Contracts  
Schedule of accrual for loss contracts The following table shows the roll forward of balances in the accrual for loss contracts, including changes due to the provision for loss accrual, releases to service cost of sales, increase to loss accrual related to customer warrants, and foreign currency translation adjustment (in thousands):

Six months ended

Year ended

June 30, 2024

  

December 31, 2023

Beginning balance

$

137,853

$

81,066

Provision for loss accrual

32,135

85,375

Releases to service cost of sales

(24,937)

(29,713)

Increase to loss accrual related to customer warrants

94

971

Foreign currency translation adjustment

(149)

154

Ending balance

$

144,996

$

137,853

v3.24.2.u1
Earnings Per Share (Tables)
6 Months Ended
Jun. 30, 2024
Earnings Per Share  
Schedule of potential dilutive common shares

As of June 30,

    

2024

    

2023

Stock options outstanding (1)

42,380,705

 

33,821,392

Restricted stock and restricted stock units outstanding (2)

6,282,815

 

5,529,831

Common stock warrants (3)

82,022,634

78,561,263

Convertible Senior Notes (4)

44,661,605

 

39,170,766

Number of dilutive potential shares of common stock

175,347,759

 

157,083,252

(1)During the three months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023, the Company granted options for 7,107,625 and 6,782,043 shares of common stock, respectively. During the six months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023, the Company granted options for 7,420,625 and 6,876,593 shares of common stock, respectively.

(2)During the three months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023, the Company granted 1,037,057 and 294,143 shares of restricted stock and restricted stock units, respectively. During the six months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023, the Company granted 1,054,057 and 388,693 shares of restricted stock and restricted stock units, respectively.

(3)In May 2024, the Company issued warrants to purchase the Company’s shares of common stock and the Company filed a prospectus supplement registering for resale up to 3,461,371 shares of the Company’s common stock issuable upon exercise of the warrants that were issued in connection with an earn-out settlement agreement with Giner ELX, Inc. (“Giner”) as described in Note 15, “Fair Value Measurements”. The warrants have not been exercised as of June 30, 2024.

In August 2022, the Company issued a warrant to acquire up to 16,000,000 shares of the Company’s common stock as part of a transaction agreement with Amazon.com, Inc. (“Amazon”), subject to certain vesting events, as described in Note 12, “Warrant Transaction Agreements”. The warrant had not been exercised as of June 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively.

In April 2017, the Company issued a warrant to acquire up to 55,286,696 shares of the Company’s common stock as part of a transaction agreement with Amazon, subject to certain vesting events, as described in Note 12, “Warrant Transaction Agreements”. The warrant had been exercised with respect to 34,917,912 shares of the Company’s common stock as of June 30, 2024 and 2023.

In July 2017, the Company issued a warrant to acquire up to 55,286,696 shares of the Company’s common stock as part of a transaction agreement with Walmart, Inc. (“Walmart”), subject to certain vesting events, as described in Note 12, “Warrant Transaction Agreements”. The warrant had been exercised with respect to 13,094,217 shares of the Company’s common stock as of June 30, 2024 and 2023.

(4)In March 2024, the Company exchanged $138.8 million in aggregate principal amount of the 3.75% Convertible Senior Notes for $140.4 million in aggregate principal amount of the 7.00% Convertible Senior Notes due 2026 (the “7.00% Convertible Senior Notes”) as described in Note 10, “Convertible Senior Notes”. There were no conversions of the 7.00% Convertible Senior Notes during the three and six months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023.

In May 2020, the Company issued $212.5 million in aggregate principal amount of the 3.75% Convertible Senior Notes due 2025 (the “3.75% Convertible Senior Notes”) as described in Note 10, “Convertible Senior Notes”. There were no conversions of the 3.75% Convertible Senior Notes during the three and six months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023.

v3.24.2.u1
Inventory (Tables)
6 Months Ended
Jun. 30, 2024
Inventory  
Schedule of inventory

Inventory as of June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023 consisted of the following (in thousands):

    

June 30,

    

December 31,

2024

2023

Raw materials and supplies - production locations

$

536,835

$

564,818

Raw materials and supplies - customer locations

29,775

20,751

Work-in-process

 

144,544

 

149,574

Finished goods

 

228,380

 

226,110

Inventory

$

939,534

$

961,253

v3.24.2.u1
Property, Plant and Equipment (Tables)
6 Months Ended
Jun. 30, 2024
Property, Plant and Equipment  
Schedule of Property plant and equipment

Property, plant and equipment as of June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023 consisted of the following (in thousands):

June 30,

December 31,

2024

2023

Land

$

5,706

$

6,049

Construction in progress

891,606

1,109,896

Hydrogen production plants

364,703

77,107

Building and leasehold improvements

104,650

95,229

Software, machinery, and equipment

 

252,011

 

229,352

Property, plant and equipment

 

1,618,676

 

1,517,633

Less: accumulated depreciation

 

(108,983)

 

(81,456)

Property, plant and equipment, net

$

1,509,693

$

1,436,177

v3.24.2.u1
Intangible Assets (Tables)
6 Months Ended
Jun. 30, 2024
Intangible Assets  
Schedule of Intangible assets

The gross carrying amount and accumulated amortization of the Company’s acquired identifiable intangible assets as of June 30, 2024 were as follows (in thousands):

Weighted Average

Gross Carrying

Accumulated

Amortization Period

Amount

Amortization

Total

Acquired technology

 

14 years

 

$

102,822

$

(23,818)

$

79,004

Dry stack electrolyzer technology

10 years

29,000

(6,767)

22,233

Customer relationships, trade name and other

13 years

 

102,682

(25,581)

77,101

$

234,504

$

(56,166)

$

178,338

The gross carrying amount and accumulated amortization of the Company’s acquired identifiable intangible assets as of December 31, 2023 were as follows (in thousands):

Weighted Average

Gross Carrying

Accumulated

Amortization Period

Amount

Amortization

Total

Acquired technology

 

14 years

$

103,060

$

(20,204)

$

82,856

Dry stack electrolyzer technology

10 years

29,000

(5,317)

23,683

Customer relationships, trade name and other

 

13 years

 

103,981

(21,634)

 

82,347

$

236,041

$

(47,155)

$

188,886

Schedule of future amortization of intangible assets

The estimated amortization expense for subsequent years is as follows (in thousands):

Remainder of 2024

    

$

9,380

2025

18,036

2026

16,462

2027

16,455

2028

16,046

2029 and thereafter

101,959

Total

$

178,338

v3.24.2.u1
Accrued Expenses (Tables)
6 Months Ended
Jun. 30, 2024
Accrued Expenses  
Schedule of Accrued Expenses

Accrued expenses as of June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023 consisted of (in thousands):

    

June 30,

    

December 31,

2024

2023

Accrued payroll and compensation related costs

$

18,267

$

32,584

Accrual for capital expenditures

16,684

83,781

Accrued accounts payable

55,203

64,767

Accrued sales and other taxes

19,797

17,207

Accrued interest

991

562

Accrued other

1,670

1,643

Total

$

112,612

$

200,544

v3.24.2.u1
Long-Term Debt (Tables)
6 Months Ended
Jun. 30, 2024
Long-Term Debt.  
Schedule of long term debt As of June 30, 2024, the principal balance is due at each of the following dates as follows (in thousands):

December 31, 2024

2,757

December 31, 2025

1,200

December 31, 2026

900

Total outstanding principal

$

4,857

v3.24.2.u1
Convertible Senior Notes (Tables)
6 Months Ended
Jun. 30, 2024
Three Point Seven Five Percent Of Convertible Senior Notes [Member]  
Debt Instrument [Line Items]  
Schedule of Convertible Senior Notes

The 3.75% Convertible Senior Notes consisted of the following (in thousands):

June 30,

December 31,

2024

2023

Principal amounts:

Principal

$

58,462

$

197,278

Unamortized debt issuance costs (1)

(408)

(2,014)

Net carrying amount

$

58,054

$

195,264

(1)Included in the unaudited interim condensed consolidated balance sheets within convertible senior notes, net and amortized over the remaining life of the notes using the effective interest rate method.
Schedule of debt

The following table summarizes the total interest expense and effective interest rate related to the 3.75% Convertible Senior Notes for the three and six months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023 (in thousands, except for the effective interest rate):

Three months ended

Six months ended

    

June 30, 2024

    

June 30, 2023

June 30, 2024

    

June 30, 2023

Interest expense

$

548

$

1,849

$

2,238

$

3,698

Amortization of debt issuance costs

108

334

424

665

Total

$

656

$

2,183

$

2,662

$

4,363

Effective interest rate

4.5%

4.5%

4.5%

4.5%

7.0% Convertible Senior Note  
Debt Instrument [Line Items]  
Schedule of Convertible Senior Notes

The 7.00% Convertible Senior Notes consisted of the following (in thousands):

June 30,

2024

Principal amounts:

Principal

$

140,396

Unamortized debt premium, net of offering costs (1)

10,126

Net carrying amount

$

150,522

(1)Included in the unaudited interim condensed consolidated balance sheets within convertible senior notes, net and amortized over the remaining life of the notes using the effective interest rate method.
Schedule of debt

The following table summarizes the total interest expense and effective interest rate related to the 7.00% Convertible Senior Notes for the three and six months ended June 30, 2024 (in thousands, except for the effective interest rate):

Three months ended

Six months ended

    

June 30, 2024

    

June 30, 2024

Interest expense

$

2,450

$

2,746

Amortization of premium

(1,314)

(1,473)

Total

$

1,136

$

1,273

Effective interest rate

3.0%

3.0%

v3.24.2.u1
Warrant Transaction Agreements (Tables)
6 Months Ended
Jun. 30, 2024
2022 Amazon transaction agreement  
Schedule of Fair Value Assumption of Warrants

   

Tranches 1-3

   

Tranche 4

August 24, 2022

June 30, 2024

Risk-free interest rate

3.15%

4.24%

Volatility

75.00%

90.00%

Expected average term (years)

7.00

1.15

Exercise price

$22.98

$2.10

Stock price

$20.36

$2.33

v3.24.2.u1
Revenue (Tables)
6 Months Ended
Jun. 30, 2024
Revenue  
Schedule of disaggregation of revenue

The following table provides information about disaggregation of revenue (in thousands):

Major products/services lines

Three months ended

Six months ended

June 30,

June 30,

2024

2023

2024

2023

Sales of fuel cell systems

$

13,148

$

72,181

$

32,149

$

101,033

Sales of hydrogen infrastructure

13,235

58,647

25,531

107,515

Sales of electrolyzers

15,029

6,966

16,381

46,998

Sales of engineered equipment

4,406

8,819

8,622

16,572

Services performed on fuel cell systems and related infrastructure

13,034

8,701

26,057

17,798

Power purchase agreements

19,674

16,130

37,978

24,067

Fuel delivered to customers and related equipment

29,887

17,878

48,173

28,020

Sales of cryogenic equipment and liquefiers

30,970

69,673

62,400

126,262

Other

3,967

1,187

6,323

2,203

Net revenue

$

143,350

$

260,182

$

263,614

$

470,468

Schedule of receivables, contract assets and contract liabilities from contracts with customers

The following table provides information about receivables, contract assets and deferred revenue and contract liabilities from contracts with customers (in thousands):

June 30,

December 31,

2024

2023

Accounts receivable

$

189,863

$

243,811

Contract assets

162,431

155,989

Deferred revenue and contract liabilities

245,846

288,302

Schedule of changes in contract assets and the contract liabilities

Significant changes in the contract assets and the deferred revenue and contract liabilities balances during the period are as follows (in thousands):

Contract assets

Six months ended

Year ended

June 30, 2024

December 31, 2023

Transferred to receivables from contract assets recognized at the beginning of the period

$

(12,959)

$

(94,860)

Change in contract assets related to warrants

3,766

14,260

Impairment

(2,375)

Revenue recognized and not billed as of the end of the period

15,635

134,677

Net change in contract assets

$

6,442

$

51,702

Deferred revenue and contract liabilities

Six months ended

Year ended

June 30, 2024

December 31, 2023

Increases due to customer billings, net of amounts recognized as revenue during the period

$

21,195

$

151,965

Change in contract liabilities related to warrants

219

440

Revenue recognized that was included in the contract liability balance as of the beginning of the period

(63,870)

(94,001)

Net change in deferred revenue and contract liabilities

$

(42,456)

$

58,404

Schedule of Estimated future revenue

The following table includes estimated revenue expected to be recognized in the future related to performance obligations that are unsatisfied (or partially unsatisfied) at the end of the reporting period, including provision for common stock warrants (in thousands):

June 30,

Expected recognition

2024

period (years)

Sales of fuel cell systems

$

39,989

1 - 2

Sales of hydrogen installations and other infrastructure

30,317

1

Sales of electrolyzers

320,839

1 - 2

Sales of engineered equipment

11,186

1

Services performed on fuel cell systems and related infrastructure

134,469

5 - 10

Power purchase agreements

401,874

5 - 10

Fuel delivered to customers and related equipment

91,984

5 - 10

Sales of cryogenic equipment and other

71,944

1

Total estimated future revenue

$

1,102,602

v3.24.2.u1
Fair Value Measurements (Tables)
6 Months Ended
Jun. 30, 2024
Fair Value Measurements  
Schedule of assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis

Assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis are summarized below (in thousands):

As of June 30, 2024

Carrying

Fair

Fair Value Measurements

Amount

Value

Level 1

Level 2

Level 3

Liabilities

Contingent consideration

$

90,620

$

90,620

$

$

$

90,620

As of December 31, 2023

Carrying

Fair

Fair Value Measurements

Amount

Value

Level 1

Level 2

Level 3

Liabilities

Contingent consideration

126,216

126,216

126,216

Schedule of assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis that have unobservable inputs

Financial Instrument

    

Fair Value

Valuation Technique

Unobservable Input

Range (weighted average)

Contingent consideration

$

90,620

Scenario based method

Credit spread

13.51%

Discount rate

17.91% - 18.41%

90,620

In the unaudited interim condensed consolidated balance sheets, contingent consideration is recorded in the contingent consideration, loss accrual for service contracts, and other current liabilities financial statement line item, and was comprised of the following unobservable inputs as of December 31, 2023:

Financial Instrument

    

Fair Value

Valuation Technique

Unobservable Input

Range (weighted average)

Contingent consideration

$

126,216

Scenario based method

Credit spread

13.61%

Discount rate

17.71% - 19.06%

126,216

Schedule of activity in the level 3 liabilities

    

Six months ended

June 30, 2024

Beginning balance as of December 31, 2023

$

126,216

Cash payments

(10,000)

Change in fair value of contingent consideration

(9,200)

Foreign currency translation adjustment

 

(690)

Ending balance as of March 31, 2024

$

106,326

Cash payments

(1,000)

Payment settled in common stock and warrants

(18,241)

Change in fair value of contingent consideration

3,768

Foreign currency translation adjustment

 

(233)

Ending balance as of June 30, 2024

$

90,620

v3.24.2.u1
Investments (Tables)
6 Months Ended
Jun. 30, 2024
Investments  
Summary of investments under the equity method

As of June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, the Company accounted for the following investments in the investee’s common stock under the equity method, which are included in the investments in non-consolidated entities and non-marketable equity securities on the unaudited interim condensed consolidated balance sheets (amounts in thousands):

As of June 30, 2024

As of December 31, 2023

    

Formation

Common Stock

    

Carrying

Common Stock

    

Carrying

Investee

Date

Ownership %

Value

Ownership %

Value

HyVia

Q2 2021

50%

$

10,445

50%

$

(2,068)

AccionaPlug

Q4 2021

50%

3,816

50%

3,198

Clean H2 Infra Fund

Q4 2021

5%

26,510

5%

13,357

SK Plug Hyverse

Q1 2022

49%

53,424

49%

41,609

$

94,195

$

56,096

v3.24.2.u1
Operating and Finance Lease Liabilities (Tables)
6 Months Ended
Jun. 30, 2024
Operating and Finance Lease Liabilities  
Schedule of future minimum lease payments under operating leases

Future minimum lease payments under operating and finance leases (with initial or remaining lease terms in excess of one year) as of June 30, 2024 were as follows (in thousands):

   

Finance

   

Total

   

Operating Lease

Lease

Lease

Liability

Liability

Liabilities

Remainder of 2024

$

50,083

$

6,041

$

56,124

2025

95,589

 

15,000

110,589

2026

86,743

 

12,142

98,885

2027

73,066

 

8,260

81,326

2028

50,655

1,931

52,586

2029 and thereafter

149,565

3,300

152,865

Total future minimum payments

505,701

 

46,674

552,375

Less imputed interest

(175,045)

(5,942)

(180,987)

Total

$

330,656

$

40,732

$

371,388

Schedule of future minimum lease payments under finance obligations

Future minimum lease payments under operating and finance leases (with initial or remaining lease terms in excess of one year) as of June 30, 2024 were as follows (in thousands):

   

Finance

   

Total

   

Operating Lease

Lease

Lease

Liability

Liability

Liabilities

Remainder of 2024

$

50,083

$

6,041

$

56,124

2025

95,589

 

15,000

110,589

2026

86,743

 

12,142

98,885

2027

73,066

 

8,260

81,326

2028

50,655

1,931

52,586

2029 and thereafter

149,565

3,300

152,865

Total future minimum payments

505,701

 

46,674

552,375

Less imputed interest

(175,045)

(5,942)

(180,987)

Total

$

330,656

$

40,732

$

371,388

Schedule of operating leases other information

Six months ended

  

Six months ended

June 30, 2024

June 30, 2023

Cash payments - operating cash flows (in thousands)

$

49,932

$

43,304

Weighted average remaining lease term (years)

7.15

6.16

Weighted average discount rate

11.3%

11.2%

Schedule of finance leases other information

Six months ended

   

Six months ended

June 30, 2024

June 30, 2023

Cash payments - operating cash flows (in thousands)

$

1,488

$

1,587

Cash payments - financing cash flows (in thousands)

$

4,586

$

4,153

Weighted average remaining lease term (years)

3.47

3.47

Weighted average discount rate

6.8%

6.8%

v3.24.2.u1
Finance Obligation (Tables)
6 Months Ended
Jun. 30, 2024
Finance Obligation  
Schedule of future minimum payments under finance obligations

Future minimum payments under finance obligations notes above as of June 30, 2024 were as follows (in thousands):

Total

Sale of Future

Sale/Leaseback

Finance

    

Revenue - Debt

    

Financings

    

Obligations

Remainder of 2024

$

54,902

$

8,715

$

63,617

2025

104,547

2,229

106,776

2026

87,824

2,229

90,053

2027

71,253

2,229

73,482

2028

51,188

2,015

53,203

2029 and thereafter

25,504

1,131

26,635

Total future minimum payments

395,218

18,548

413,766

Less imputed interest

(80,437)

(2,676)

(83,113)

Total

$

314,781

$

15,872

$

330,653

Schedule of finance obligation other information

Six months ended

Six months ended

June 30, 2024

June 30, 2023

Cash payments (in thousands)

$

57,319

$

49,256

Weighted average remaining term (years)

4.06

4.78

Weighted average discount rate

11.3%

11.2%

v3.24.2.u1
Commitments and Contingencies (Tables)
6 Months Ended
Jun. 30, 2024
Commitments and Contingencies  
Schedule of unconditional purchase obligations

Remainder of 2024

    

$

27,185

2025

8,023

2026

8,023

2027

2,638

2028

2029 and thereafter

Total

45,869

v3.24.2.u1
Employee Benefit Plans (Tables)
6 Months Ended
Jun. 30, 2024
Schedule of components and classification of stock-based compensation expense

The components and classification of stock-based compensation expense, excluding the Company’s matching contributions to the Plug Power Inc. 401(k) Savings & Retirement Plan and quarterly Board compensation, were as follows (in thousands):

Three months ended

Six months ended

June 30, 2024

June 30, 2023

June 30, 2024

June 30, 2023

Cost of sales

$

2,079

$

2,439

$

4,085

$

5,116

Research and development

2,251

1,765

4,593

4,047

Selling, general and administrative

18,416

32,657

24,440

67,886

$

22,746

$

36,861

$

33,118

$

77,049

Nonvested Restricted Stock Shares Activity

The following table reflects the restricted common stock and restricted stock unit activity for the six months ended June 30, 2024 (in thousands except share amounts):

    

Weighted

    

Aggregate

Average Grant Date

Intrinsic

Shares

Fair Value

Value

Unvested restricted stock at December 31, 2023

6,732,884

$

15.66

$

30,298

Granted

1,054,057

2.85

Vested

(573,045)

17.84

Forfeited

(931,081)

17.88

Unvested restricted stock at June 30, 2024

6,282,815

$

12.98

$

14,639

Service Stock Options Awards  
Schedule of Share-based Compensation, Stock Options, Activity

    

    

    

Weighted

    

Weighted

Average

Average

Remaining

Aggregate

Exercise

Contractual

Intrinsic

Shares

Price

Terms

Value

Options outstanding at December 31, 2023

17,336,362

$

11.37

7.86

$

11,391

Options exercisable at December 31, 2023

8,288,944

11.84

6.18

7,250

Options unvested at December 31, 2023

9,047,418

10.94

9.39

4,141

Granted

4,968,125

2.51

Exercised

(32,500)

2.15

Forfeited

(2,018,782)

18.42

Options outstanding at June 30, 2024

20,253,205

$

8.51

7.53

$

464

Options exercisable at June 30, 2024

7,954,524

11.15

5.66

464

Options unvested at June 30, 2024

12,298,681

$

6.80

8.75

$

Performance Stock Option Awards  
Schedule of Share-based Compensation, Stock Options, Activity

    

    

    

Weighted

    

Weighted

Average

Average

Remaining

Aggregate

Exercise

Contractual

Intrinsic

Shares

Price

Terms

Value

Options outstanding at December 31, 2023

21,925,000

$

21.32

5.27

$

Options exercisable at December 31, 2023

2,782,000

26.9

4.7

Options unvested at December 31, 2023

19,143,000

20.50

5.35

Granted

2,452,500

2.41

6.82

Exercised

Forfeited

(2,250,000)

Options outstanding at June 30, 2024

22,127,500

$

19.33

4.94

$

Options exercisable at June 30, 2024

4,038,667

20.99

4.74

Options unvested at June 30, 2024

18,088,833

$

18.96

4.98

$

v3.24.2.u1
Segment and Geographic Area Reporting (Tables)
6 Months Ended
Jun. 30, 2024
Segment and Geographic Area Reporting  
Schedule of revenue and long-lived assets based on geographic location

The revenue and long-lived assets based on geographic location are as follows (in thousands):

Revenues

Revenues

Long-Lived Assets

Three months ended

Six months ended

As of

June 30, 2024

June 30, 2023

June 30, 2024

June 30, 2023

June 30, 2024

December 31, 2023

North America

$

113,113

$

235,521

$

218,849

$

397,327

$

1,903,747

$

1,881,315

Europe

21,182

12,143

29,756

52,259

151,268

122,489

Asia

4,112

5,998

9,179

9,280

Other

4,943

6,520

5,830

11,602

2,854

884

Total

$

143,350

$

260,182

$

263,614

$

470,468

$

2,057,869

$

2,004,688

v3.24.2.u1
Nature of Operations - Liquidity, Capital Resources and Going Concern (Details) - USD ($)
$ / shares in Units, $ in Thousands
1 Months Ended 3 Months Ended 6 Months Ended
Aug. 09, 2024
Jul. 22, 2024
Feb. 23, 2024
Jan. 17, 2024
Aug. 09, 2024
Jun. 30, 2024
Mar. 31, 2024
Jun. 30, 2024
Jul. 18, 2024
Jun. 01, 2024
Dec. 31, 2023
Liquidity and Capital Resources                      
Working Capital               $ 862,800      
Unrestricted cash           $ 62,400   62,400      
Restricted cash           $ 956,500   $ 956,500      
Par value, common stock           $ 0.01   $ 0.01     $ 0.01
Proceeds from public offering, net of transaction costs               $ 572,120      
Aggregate offering price           $ 266,774 $ 305,346        
ATM Agreement                      
Liquidity and Capital Resources                      
Remaining authorized for issuance $ 690,600                    
At Market Issuance Sales Agreement                      
Liquidity and Capital Resources                      
Number of shares of common stock sold       189,411,442   96,812,695   176,365,870      
Proceeds from public offering, net of transaction costs       $ 611,500 $ 30,700 $ 271,500   $ 580,800      
Stock issuance cost           $ 4,800   $ 8,700      
Remaining authorized for issuance     $ 697,900                
Common stock reserved for future issuance     $ 1,000,000                
Period of ATM Agreement     18 months                
Maximum commitment advance purchase amount     $ 11,000                
Maximum commitment advance purchase amount cap     $ 55,000                
At Market Issuance Sales Agreement | If market capitalization is not less than $1.0 billion | R.Bailey                      
Liquidity and Capital Resources                      
Maximum commitment advance purchase amount                   $ 11,000  
Maximum commitment advance purchase amount cap                   55,000  
Market capitalization                   1,000,000  
At Market Issuance Sales Agreement | If market capitalization is less Than $1.0 billion | R.Bailey                      
Liquidity and Capital Resources                      
Maximum commitment advance purchase amount                   10,000  
Maximum commitment advance purchase amount cap                   30,000  
Market capitalization                   $ 1,000,000  
At Market Issuance Sales Agreement | Subsequent Event                      
Liquidity and Capital Resources                      
Number of shares of common stock sold         13,045,572            
Sales price per share $ 2.35       $ 2.35            
Stock issuance cost         $ 500            
Public Offerings | Subsequent Event                      
Liquidity and Capital Resources                      
Number of shares of common stock sold   78,740,157                  
Sales price per share                 $ 2.54    
Options given to purchase additional shares (Days)   30 days                  
Maximum number of additional shares to be issue on option to underwriters   11,811,023                  
Proceeds from public offering, net of transaction costs   $ 191,000                  
Maximum | At Market Issuance Sales Agreement                      
Liquidity and Capital Resources                      
Aggregate offering price       $ 1,000,000              
v3.24.2.u1
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Details)
$ in Millions
Apr. 30, 2024
USD ($)
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies  
Clean Hydrogen Production Tax Credit (PTC) recorded under other assets $ 1.3
v3.24.2.u1
Extended Maintenance Contracts (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Thousands
6 Months Ended 12 Months Ended
Jun. 30, 2024
Dec. 31, 2023
Accrual for loss contracts    
Beginning balance $ 137,853 $ 81,066
Provision for loss accrual 32,135 85,375
Releases to service cost of sales (24,937) (29,713)
Increase to loss accrual related to customer warrants 94 971
Foreign currency translation adjustment (149) 154
Ending balance $ 144,996 $ 137,853
v3.24.2.u1
Earnings Per Share - Dilutive Potential Common Shares (Details) - USD ($)
1 Months Ended 3 Months Ended 6 Months Ended
Mar. 12, 2024
Mar. 31, 2024
Jun. 30, 2024
Jun. 30, 2023
Jun. 30, 2024
Jun. 30, 2023
May 31, 2024
Mar. 21, 2024
Mar. 20, 2024
Dec. 31, 2023
Mar. 31, 2023
Aug. 24, 2022
May 31, 2020
May 29, 2020
May 18, 2020
Jul. 20, 2017
Apr. 04, 2017
Earnings Per Share                                  
Number of dilutive potential shares of common stock         175,347,759 157,083,252                      
Options granted     7,107,625 6,782,043 7,420,625 6,876,593                      
Shares of common stock that can be purchased from warrants issued (in shares)             3,461,371                    
Interest rate (as a percent)     7.00%   7.00%                        
3.75% Convertible Senior Notes                                  
Earnings Per Share                                  
Amount of debt converted $ 138,800,000 $ 138,800,000                              
Interest rate (as a percent) 3.75% 3.75% 3.75%   3.75%     3.75% 3.75%   3.75%   3.75% 3.75% 3.75%    
Principal amount     $ 58,462,000   $ 58,462,000     $ 58,500,000   $ 197,278,000     $ 212,500,000 $ 12,500,000 $ 200,000,000.0    
Conversion of notes through common stock issuance (in shares)     0 0 0 0                      
7.0% Convertible Senior Note                                  
Earnings Per Share                                  
Amount of debt converted     $ 0 $ 0 $ 0 $ 0                      
Interest rate (as a percent) 7.00% 7.00% 7.00%   7.00%       7.00%                
Principal amount $ 140,400,000 $ 140,400,000 $ 140,396,000   $ 140,396,000       $ 140,400,000                
Restricted stock and restricted stock units outstanding                                  
Earnings Per Share                                  
Number of restricted shares granted during period         1,054,057                        
2022 Amazon transaction agreement                                  
Earnings Per Share                                  
Shares of common stock that can be purchased from warrants issued (in shares)                       16,000,000          
Number of warrants exercised to date     0 0 0 0                      
2017 Amazon Transaction Agreement                                  
Earnings Per Share                                  
Shares of common stock that can be purchased from warrants issued (in shares)                                 55,286,696
Number of warrants exercised to date     34,917,912 34,917,912 34,917,912 34,917,912                      
Warrants issued with the Walmart Stores, Inc transaction agreement                                  
Earnings Per Share                                  
Shares of common stock that can be purchased from warrants issued (in shares)                               55,286,696  
Number of warrants exercised to date     13,094,217 13,094,217 13,094,217 13,094,217                      
Warrant issued with Giner Inc earn out settlement agreement                                  
Earnings Per Share                                  
Number of warrants exercised to date     0   0                        
Employee Stock Option                                  
Earnings Per Share                                  
Number of dilutive potential shares of common stock         42,380,705 33,821,392                      
Restricted stock and restricted stock units outstanding                                  
Earnings Per Share                                  
Number of dilutive potential shares of common stock         6,282,815 5,529,831                      
Number of restricted shares granted during period     1,037,057 294,143 1,054,057 388,693                      
Common stock warrants                                  
Earnings Per Share                                  
Number of dilutive potential shares of common stock         82,022,634 78,561,263                      
Convertible Senior Notes                                  
Earnings Per Share                                  
Number of dilutive potential shares of common stock         44,661,605 39,170,766                      
v3.24.2.u1
Inventory (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Thousands
Jun. 30, 2024
Dec. 31, 2023
Inventory    
Raw materials and supplies - production locations $ 536,835 $ 564,818
Raw materials and supplies - customer locations 29,775 20,751
Work-in-process 144,544 149,574
Finished goods 228,380 226,110
Inventory 939,534 961,253
Reserve for excess and obsolete inventory $ 112,900 $ 85,200
v3.24.2.u1
Property, Plant and Equipment (Details)
$ in Thousands
3 Months Ended 6 Months Ended
Jun. 30, 2024
USD ($)
Jun. 30, 2023
USD ($)
Jun. 30, 2024
USD ($)
Plant
Jun. 30, 2023
USD ($)
Dec. 31, 2023
USD ($)
Property, plant and equipment          
Property, plant, and equipment $ 1,618,676   $ 1,618,676   $ 1,517,633
Less: accumulated depreciation (108,983)   (108,983)   (81,456)
Property, plant, and equipment, net 1,509,693   $ 1,509,693   1,436,177
Number of hydrogen production plant | Plant     3    
Capitalized interest 3,100 $ 2,000 $ 5,200 $ 4,000  
Depreciation expense 13,100 $ 7,300 24,700 $ 12,800  
Land          
Property, plant and equipment          
Property, plant, and equipment 5,706   5,706   6,049
Construction in progress          
Property, plant and equipment          
Property, plant, and equipment 891,606   891,606   1,109,896
Hydrogen production plants          
Property, plant and equipment          
Property, plant, and equipment 364,703   364,703   77,107
Building and leasehold improvements          
Property, plant and equipment          
Property, plant, and equipment 104,650   104,650   95,229
Software, machinery and equipment          
Property, plant and equipment          
Property, plant, and equipment $ 252,011   $ 252,011   $ 229,352
v3.24.2.u1
Intangible Assets - Gross Carrying Amount (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Thousands
6 Months Ended 12 Months Ended
Jun. 30, 2024
Dec. 31, 2023
Gross carrying amount and accumulated amortization of acquired identifiable intangible assets    
Gross Carrying Amount $ 234,504 $ 236,041
Accumulated Amortization (56,166) (47,155)
Total $ 178,338 $ 188,886
Acquired Technology    
Gross carrying amount and accumulated amortization of acquired identifiable intangible assets    
Weighted Average Amortization Period 14 years 14 years
Gross Carrying Amount $ 102,822 $ 103,060
Accumulated Amortization (23,818) (20,204)
Total $ 79,004 $ 82,856
Dry stack electrolyzer technology    
Gross carrying amount and accumulated amortization of acquired identifiable intangible assets    
Weighted Average Amortization Period 10 years 10 years
Gross Carrying Amount $ 29,000 $ 29,000
Accumulated Amortization (6,767) (5,317)
Total $ 22,233 $ 23,683
Customer relationships, trade name and other    
Gross carrying amount and accumulated amortization of acquired identifiable intangible assets    
Weighted Average Amortization Period 13 years 13 years
Gross Carrying Amount $ 102,682 $ 103,981
Accumulated Amortization (25,581) (21,634)
Total $ 77,101 $ 82,347
v3.24.2.u1
Intangible Assets - Estimated Amortization Expense (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Thousands
3 Months Ended 6 Months Ended
Jun. 30, 2024
Jun. 30, 2023
Jun. 30, 2024
Jun. 30, 2023
Dec. 31, 2023
Intangible Assets          
Amortization of intangible assets $ 4,600 $ 4,800 $ 9,400 $ 9,800  
Estimated amortization expense          
Remainder of 2024 9,380   9,380    
2025 18,036   18,036    
2026 16,462   16,462    
2027 16,455   16,455    
2028 16,046   16,046    
2029 and thereafter 101,959   101,959    
Total $ 178,338   $ 178,338   $ 188,886
v3.24.2.u1
Accrued Expenses (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Thousands
Jun. 30, 2024
Dec. 31, 2023
Accrued Expenses    
Accrued payroll and compensation related costs $ 18,267 $ 32,584
Accrual for capital expenditures 16,684 83,781
Accrued accounts payable 55,203 64,767
Accrued sales and other taxes 19,797 17,207
Accrued interest 991 562
Accrued other 1,670 1,643
Total $ 112,612 $ 200,544
v3.24.2.u1
Long-Term Debt (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Thousands
3 Months Ended 6 Months Ended
Jun. 30, 2024
Jun. 30, 2023
Jun. 30, 2024
Jun. 30, 2023
Long-Term Debt        
Interest rate (as a percent) 7.00%   7.00%  
Principal payments on long-term debt     $ 685 $ 5,407
Outstanding balance $ 3,700   3,700  
Carrying amount of debt 4,857   4,857  
Unamortized debt discount 1,200   1,200  
Loan payable for allowance for tenant work        
Long-Term Debt        
Secured term loan amount 2,000   $ 2,000  
Periodic payment $ 249      
Interest rate (as a percent) 4.50%   4.50%  
Term of debt 10 years   10 years  
Principal payments on long-term debt $ 42 $ 40 $ 82 80
Outstanding balance $ 1,800   $ 1,800  
Minimum        
Long-Term Debt        
Effective interest rate (as a percent) 7.30%   7.30%  
Maximum        
Long-Term Debt        
Effective interest rate (as a percent) 7.60%   7.60%  
Secured term loan facility | Loan and security agreement        
Long-Term Debt        
Principal payments on long-term debt $ 300 $ 5,100 $ 600 $ 5,400
v3.24.2.u1
Long-Term Debt - Principal Balance Due (Details)
$ in Thousands
Jun. 30, 2024
USD ($)
Principal payments of long term debt  
December 31, 2024 $ 2,757
December 31, 2025 1,200
December 31, 2026 900
Total outstanding principal $ 4,857
v3.24.2.u1
Convertible Senior Notes - Narratives (Details)
1 Months Ended 3 Months Ended 6 Months Ended
Mar. 20, 2024
USD ($)
D
$ / shares
shares
Mar. 12, 2024
USD ($)
Mar. 31, 2024
USD ($)
Jun. 30, 2024
USD ($)
shares
Mar. 31, 2024
USD ($)
Jun. 30, 2023
USD ($)
shares
Jun. 30, 2024
USD ($)
shares
Jun. 30, 2023
USD ($)
shares
Mar. 21, 2024
USD ($)
Dec. 31, 2023
USD ($)
Mar. 31, 2023
May 31, 2020
USD ($)
May 29, 2020
USD ($)
May 20, 2020
USD ($)
May 18, 2020
USD ($)
Convertible Senior Notes                              
Interest rate (as a percent)       7.00%     7.00%                
Net proceeds               $ 77,589,000              
Long-term borrowings       $ 3,700,000     $ 3,700,000                
Carrying amount of the liability component       $ 4,857,000     4,857,000                
Loss on extinguishment of debt             $ (14,047,000)                
Minimum                              
Convertible Senior Notes                              
Effective interest rate (as a percent)       7.30%     7.30%                
Maximum                              
Convertible Senior Notes                              
Effective interest rate (as a percent)       7.60%     7.60%                
7.0% Convertible Senior Note                              
Convertible Senior Notes                              
Amount of debt converted       $ 0   $ 0 $ 0 $ 0              
Principal amount $ 140,400,000 $ 140,400,000 $ 140,400,000 $ 140,396,000 $ 140,400,000   $ 140,396,000                
Interest rate (as a percent) 7.00% 7.00% 7.00% 7.00% 7.00%   7.00%                
Premium (as a percent) 20.00%                            
Maturity principal amount $ 1,000                         $ 1,000  
Conversion rates for the notes (in shares) 235.4049                            
Conversion price, per share | $ / shares $ 4.25                            
Effective interest rate (as a percent)       3.00%     3.00%                
Fair value of convertible senior notes       $ 126,300,000     $ 126,300,000                
7.0% Convertible Senior Note | Minimum                              
Convertible Senior Notes                              
Redemption notice days 1 day                            
7.0% Convertible Senior Note | Maximum                              
Convertible Senior Notes                              
Redemption notice days 3 days                            
7.0% Convertible Senior Note | Holder may require redemption                              
Convertible Senior Notes                              
Debt Instrument, Redemption Price, Percentage 100.00%                            
7.0% Convertible Senior Note | Company may redeem with the consent of the holder                              
Convertible Senior Notes                              
Trading days | D 20                            
Consecutive trading days | D 30                            
Conversion price (as a percent) 130.00%                            
7.0% Convertible Senior Note | Under certain circumstances resulting in increase to conversion rate | Maximum                              
Convertible Senior Notes                              
Conversion of notes through common stock issuance (in shares) | shares 39,659,890                            
Conversion rates for the notes (in shares) 282.4859                            
3.75% Convertible Senior Notes                              
Convertible Senior Notes                              
Amount of debt converted   $ 138,800,000 $ 138,800,000                        
Principal amount       $ 58,462,000     $ 58,462,000   $ 58,500,000 $ 197,278,000   $ 212,500,000 $ 12,500,000   $ 200,000,000.0
Accrued and unpaid interest $ 1,600,000                            
Interest rate (as a percent) 3.75% 3.75% 3.75% 3.75% 3.75%   3.75%   3.75%   3.75% 3.75% 3.75%   3.75%
Conversion of debt $ 138,800,000                            
Conversion of notes through common stock issuance (in shares) | shares       0   0 0 0              
Effective interest rate (as a percent)       4.50%   4.50% 4.50% 4.50%              
Loss on extinguishment of debt         $ (14,000,000.0)                    
Fair value of convertible senior notes       $ 54,500,000     $ 54,500,000                
v3.24.2.u1
Convertible Senior Notes - Components (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Thousands
Jun. 30, 2024
Mar. 31, 2024
Mar. 21, 2024
Mar. 20, 2024
Mar. 12, 2024
Dec. 31, 2023
May 31, 2020
May 29, 2020
May 18, 2020
Convertible Senior Notes                  
Unamortized debt discount $ (1,200)                
Net carrying amount 208,576         $ 195,264      
3.75% Convertible Senior Notes                  
Convertible Senior Notes                  
Principal amount 58,462   $ 58,500     197,278 $ 212,500 $ 12,500 $ 200,000
Unamortized debt issuance costs (408)         (2,014)      
Net carrying amount 58,054         $ 195,264      
7.0% Convertible Senior Note                  
Convertible Senior Notes                  
Principal amount 140,396 $ 140,400   $ 140,400 $ 140,400        
Unamortized debt premium, net of offering costs 10,126                
Net carrying amount $ 150,522                
v3.24.2.u1
Convertible Senior Notes - Expenses and Interest (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Thousands
3 Months Ended 6 Months Ended
Jun. 30, 2024
Jun. 30, 2023
Jun. 30, 2024
Jun. 30, 2023
3.75% Convertible Senior Notes        
Convertible Senior Notes        
Interest expense $ 548 $ 1,849 $ 2,238 $ 3,698
Amortization of debt issuance costs 108 334 424 665
Interest and Debt Expense, Total $ 656 $ 2,183 $ 2,662 $ 4,363
Effective interest rate (as a percent) 4.50% 4.50% 4.50% 4.50%
7.0% Convertible Senior Note        
Convertible Senior Notes        
Interest expense $ 2,450   $ 2,746  
Amortization of premium (1,314)   (1,473)  
Interest and Debt Expense, Total $ 1,136   $ 1,273  
Effective interest rate (as a percent) 3.00%   3.00%  
v3.24.2.u1
Convertible Senior Notes - Capped Call and Common Stock Forward (Details) - USD ($)
$ / shares in Units, $ in Thousands
1 Months Ended 3 Months Ended 6 Months Ended
May 18, 2020
Mar. 31, 2018
Jun. 30, 2024
Jun. 30, 2023
Jun. 30, 2024
Jun. 30, 2023
Mar. 31, 2024
Mar. 21, 2024
Mar. 20, 2024
Mar. 12, 2024
Dec. 31, 2023
Mar. 31, 2023
May 31, 2020
May 29, 2020
Capped Call and Common Stock Forward                            
Interest rate (as a percent)     7.00%   7.00%                  
Common Stock Forward                            
Capped Call and Common Stock Forward                            
Net cost incurred   $ 27,500                        
Number of shares settled     0 0 0 0                
3.75% Convertible Senior Notes                            
Capped Call and Common Stock Forward                            
Principal amount $ 200,000   $ 58,462   $ 58,462     $ 58,500     $ 197,278   $ 212,500 $ 12,500
Interest rate (as a percent) 3.75%   3.75%   3.75%   3.75% 3.75% 3.75% 3.75%   3.75% 3.75% 3.75%
3.75% Convertible Senior Notes | Capped Call                            
Capped Call and Common Stock Forward                            
Capped call options amount $ 16,200                          
Cap price $ 6.7560                          
Premium (as a percent) 60.00%                          
Closing stock price on grant date $ 4.11                          
5.5% Convertible Senior Notes                            
Capped Call and Common Stock Forward                            
Principal amount   $ 100,000                        
Interest rate (as a percent)   5.50% 5.50%   5.50%                  
5.5% Convertible Senior Notes | Common Stock Forward                            
Capped Call and Common Stock Forward                            
Common stock shares issued   14,397,906                        
v3.24.2.u1
Stockholders' Equity - Common Stock and Warrants (Details) - USD ($)
$ / shares in Units, $ in Thousands
1 Months Ended 3 Months Ended 6 Months Ended
Aug. 09, 2024
Jul. 22, 2024
Feb. 23, 2024
Jan. 17, 2024
Aug. 09, 2024
Jun. 30, 2024
Mar. 31, 2024
Jun. 30, 2024
Jul. 18, 2024
Dec. 31, 2023
Stockholders' equity                    
Aggregate offering price           $ 266,774 $ 305,346      
Net proceeds from shares of common stock sold               $ 572,120    
Common stock, par value (in dollars per share)           $ 0.01   $ 0.01   $ 0.01
At Market Issuance Sales Agreement                    
Stockholders' equity                    
Net proceeds from shares of common stock sold       $ 611,500 $ 30,700 $ 271,500   $ 580,800    
Common stock shares issued       189,411,442   96,812,695   176,365,870    
Remaining authorized for issuance     $ 697,900              
Common stock reserved for future issuance     $ 1,000,000              
Stock issuance cost           $ 4,800   $ 8,700    
Per share price of shares of common stock           $ 2.80   $ 3.29    
ATM Agreement                    
Stockholders' equity                    
Remaining authorized for issuance $ 690,600                  
Maximum | At Market Issuance Sales Agreement                    
Stockholders' equity                    
Aggregate offering price       $ 1,000,000            
Subsequent Event | At Market Issuance Sales Agreement                    
Stockholders' equity                    
Common stock shares issued         13,045,572          
Stock issuance cost         $ 500          
Per share price of shares of common stock $ 2.35       $ 2.35          
Subsequent Event | Public Offerings                    
Stockholders' equity                    
Net proceeds from shares of common stock sold   $ 191,000                
Options given to purchase additional shares (Days)   30 days                
Maximum number of additional shares to be issue on option to underwriters   11,811,023                
Common stock shares issued   78,740,157                
Per share price of shares of common stock                 $ 2.54  
Subsequent Event | Public Offerings | Morgan Stanley & Co. LLC                    
Stockholders' equity                    
Net proceeds from shares of common stock sold   $ 191,000                
Options given to purchase additional shares (Days)   30 days                
Maximum number of additional shares to be issue on option to underwriters   11,811,023                
Common stock shares issued   78,740,157                
Per share price of shares of common stock   $ 2.54                
v3.24.2.u1
Stockholders' Equity - Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) (Details) - Foreign Currency Items - USD ($)
$ in Millions
3 Months Ended 6 Months Ended
Jun. 30, 2024
Jun. 30, 2023
Jun. 30, 2024
Jun. 30, 2023
Accumulated other comprehensive income(loss)        
Other comprehensive loss before reclassifications $ 7.1 $ 3.1 $ 4.9 $ 4.7
Net current-period other comprehensive income   $ 2.2   $ 7.5
v3.24.2.u1
Warrant Transaction Agreements - Amazon.com, Inc. Transaction Agreement (Details)
$ in Thousands
3 Months Ended 6 Months Ended
Aug. 24, 2022
USD ($)
$ / shares
D
shares
Jul. 20, 2020
D
Jun. 30, 2024
USD ($)
$ / shares
shares
Jun. 30, 2023
USD ($)
shares
Jun. 30, 2024
USD ($)
$ / shares
shares
Jun. 30, 2023
USD ($)
shares
May 31, 2024
shares
Dec. 31, 2023
shares
Apr. 04, 2017
shares
Class of Warrant or Right [Line Items]                  
Shares of common stock that can be purchased from warrants issued (in shares)             3,461,371    
Selling, general and administrative | $     $ 85,144 $ 101,154 $ 163,103 $ 205,170      
Provision | $         $ 7,292 $ 856      
2017 Amazon Transaction Agreement                  
Class of Warrant or Right [Line Items]                  
Shares of common stock that can be purchased from warrants issued (in shares)                 55,286,696
Number of warrants exercised to date     34,917,912 34,917,912 34,917,912 34,917,912      
Number of warrants exercised (in shares)     0 0 0 0      
Warrant shares vested (in shares)     55,286,696 55,286,696 55,286,696 55,286,696      
Provision for common stock warrants | $       $ 100 $ 200 $ 200      
2017 Amazon Transaction Agreement | Maximum                  
Class of Warrant or Right [Line Items]                  
Shares of common stock that can be purchased from warrants issued (in shares)                 55,286,696
2017 Amazon Transaction Agreement | Tranche three                  
Class of Warrant or Right [Line Items]                  
Threshold trading days | D   30              
2017 Amazon Transaction Agreement | Amazon                  
Class of Warrant or Right [Line Items]                  
Number of warrants exercised (in shares)         34,917,912 34,917,912      
Tranche one of warrants issued with the Amazon.com, Inc transaction agreement | Tranche one                  
Class of Warrant or Right [Line Items]                  
Contract asset | $     $ 19,000   $ 19,000        
Tranche one of warrants issued with the Amazon.com, Inc transaction agreement | Tranche two                  
Class of Warrant or Right [Line Items]                  
Contract asset | $     19,000   19,000        
Warrant Issued With Amazon                  
Class of Warrant or Right [Line Items]                  
Provision for common stock warrants | $     $ 1,700   $ 2,400        
2022 Amazon transaction agreement                  
Class of Warrant or Right [Line Items]                  
Minimum percentage of warrants vested and exercisable automatically 60.00%                
Shares of common stock that can be purchased from warrants issued (in shares) 16,000,000                
Number of warrants exercised to date     0 0 0 0      
Number of warrants exercised (in shares)     0 0 0 0      
Warrant shares vested (in shares)     2,500,000   2,500,000     2,000,000  
Provision for common stock warrants | $       $ 1,500   $ 2,600      
2022 Amazon transaction agreement | Maximum                  
Class of Warrant or Right [Line Items]                  
Shares of common stock that can be purchased from warrants issued (in shares) 16,000,000                
2022 Amazon transaction agreement | Warrants Tranches One Through Three                  
Class of Warrant or Right [Line Items]                  
Warrant shares vested (in shares) 9,000,000                
Exercise price of warrants (in dollars per share) | $ / shares $ 22.9841                
Fair value of warrants per share | $ / shares $ 20.36                
2022 Amazon transaction agreement | Warrants Tranches One Through Three | Risk-free interest rate                  
Class of Warrant or Right [Line Items]                  
Warrants and rights outstanding measurement input 3.15                
2022 Amazon transaction agreement | Warrants Tranches One Through Three | Volatility                  
Class of Warrant or Right [Line Items]                  
Warrants and rights outstanding measurement input 75.00                
2022 Amazon transaction agreement | Warrants Tranches One Through Three | Expected average term (years)                  
Class of Warrant or Right [Line Items]                  
Expected average term (years) 7 years                
2022 Amazon transaction agreement | Warrants Tranches One Through Three | Exercise price                  
Class of Warrant or Right [Line Items]                  
Warrants and rights outstanding measurement input | $ / shares 22.98                
2022 Amazon transaction agreement | Warrants Tranches One Through Three | Stock price                  
Class of Warrant or Right [Line Items]                  
Warrants and rights outstanding measurement input | $ / shares 20.36                
2022 Amazon transaction agreement | Tranche one                  
Class of Warrant or Right [Line Items]                  
Warrant shares vested (in shares) 1,000,000                
Warrant charge capitalized | $ $ 20,400                
2022 Amazon transaction agreement | Tranche two                  
Class of Warrant or Right [Line Items]                  
Warrant shares vested (in shares)       1,000,000   1,000,000      
Warrant charge capitalized | $ 20,400                
2022 Amazon transaction agreement | Tranche three                  
Class of Warrant or Right [Line Items]                  
Cash payments to be received under agreement | $ $ 1,000,000                
Contract asset | $     $ 1,500   $ 1,500        
2022 Amazon transaction agreement | Tranche four                  
Class of Warrant or Right [Line Items]                  
Warrant shares vested (in shares) 7,000,000                
Warrant percentage weighted average share price 90.00%                
Threshold trading days | D 30                
2022 Amazon transaction agreement | Tranche four | Risk-free interest rate                  
Class of Warrant or Right [Line Items]                  
Warrants and rights outstanding measurement input     4.24   4.24        
2022 Amazon transaction agreement | Tranche four | Volatility                  
Class of Warrant or Right [Line Items]                  
Warrants and rights outstanding measurement input     90.00   90.00        
2022 Amazon transaction agreement | Tranche four | Expected average term (years)                  
Class of Warrant or Right [Line Items]                  
Expected average term (years)         1 year 1 month 24 days        
2022 Amazon transaction agreement | Tranche four | Exercise price                  
Class of Warrant or Right [Line Items]                  
Warrants and rights outstanding measurement input | $ / shares     2.10   2.10        
2022 Amazon transaction agreement | Tranche four | Stock price                  
Class of Warrant or Right [Line Items]                  
Warrants and rights outstanding measurement input | $ / shares     2.33   2.33        
2022 Amazon transaction agreement | Share-Based Payment Arrangement, Tranche Two                  
Class of Warrant or Right [Line Items]                  
Vesting period 7 years                
Cash payments to be received under agreement | $ $ 2,100,000                
Warrant shares vested (in shares) 15,000,000                
v3.24.2.u1
Warrant Transaction Agreements - Walmart Stores, Inc. Transaction Agreement (Details)
$ / shares in Units, $ in Thousands
3 Months Ended 6 Months Ended 12 Months Ended
Jul. 20, 2017
USD ($)
installment
$ / shares
shares
Jun. 30, 2024
USD ($)
shares
Mar. 31, 2024
USD ($)
Jun. 30, 2023
USD ($)
shares
Mar. 31, 2023
USD ($)
Jun. 30, 2024
USD ($)
shares
Jun. 30, 2023
USD ($)
shares
Dec. 31, 2023
shares
May 31, 2024
shares
Warrant Transaction Agreements                  
Shares of common stock that can be purchased from warrants issued (in shares) | shares                 3,461,371
Provision compared for common stock warrants   $ 3,636 $ 10,236 $ 951 $ 19,641        
Warrants issued with the Walmart Stores, Inc transaction agreement                  
Warrant Transaction Agreements                  
Shares of common stock that can be purchased from warrants issued (in shares) | shares 55,286,696                
Number of warrants exercised to date | shares   13,094,217   13,094,217   13,094,217 13,094,217    
Warrant shares vested (in shares) | shares   37,464,010       37,464,010   34,917,912  
Contract asset   $ 5,400       $ 5,400      
Provision for common stock warrants   $ 100              
Number of warrants exercised (in shares) | shares   0   0   0 0    
Provision for common stock warrants   $ 4,000   $ 1,500          
Provision compared for common stock warrants           $ 7,700 $ 11,500    
Warrants issued with the Walmart Stores, Inc transaction agreement | Warrants Tranches One And Two [Member]                  
Warrant Transaction Agreements                  
Cash payments to be received under agreement $ 200,000                
Exercise price of warrants (in dollars per share) | $ / shares $ 2.1231                
Warrants issued with the Walmart Stores, Inc transaction agreement | Tranche three                  
Warrant Transaction Agreements                  
Cash payments to be received under agreement $ 400,000                
Warrant shares vested (in shares) | shares 20,368,784                
Warrant percentage weighted average share price 90.00%                
Number of installments | installment 8                
Number of shares per installment | shares 2,546,098                
Cash receipt per installment $ 50,000                
Exercise price of warrants (in dollars per share) | $ / shares $ 6.28                
Tranche one of warrants issued with the Amazon.com, Inc transaction agreement | Tranche one                  
Warrant Transaction Agreements                  
Contract asset   19,000       19,000      
Tranche one of warrants issued with the Amazon.com, Inc transaction agreement | Tranche two                  
Warrant Transaction Agreements                  
Contract asset   $ 19,000       $ 19,000      
Walmart | Warrants issued with the Walmart Stores, Inc transaction agreement                  
Warrant Transaction Agreements                  
Number of warrants exercised (in shares) | shares           13,094,217   13,094,217  
Maximum | Warrants issued with the Walmart Stores, Inc transaction agreement                  
Warrant Transaction Agreements                  
Shares of common stock that can be purchased from warrants issued (in shares) | shares 55,286,696                
v3.24.2.u1
Revenue - Disaggregation of Revenue (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Thousands
3 Months Ended 6 Months Ended
Jun. 30, 2024
Jun. 30, 2023
Jun. 30, 2024
Jun. 30, 2023
Revenue        
Net revenue $ 143,350 $ 260,182 $ 263,614 $ 470,468
Sales of fuel cell systems        
Revenue        
Net revenue 13,148 72,181 32,149 101,033
Sales of hydrogen infrastructure        
Revenue        
Net revenue 13,235 58,647 25,531 107,515
Sales of electrolyzers        
Revenue        
Net revenue 15,029 6,966 16,381 46,998
Sales of engineered equipment        
Revenue        
Net revenue 4,406 8,819 8,622 16,572
Services performed on fuel cell systems and related infrastructure        
Revenue        
Net revenue 13,034 8,701 26,057 17,798
Power purchase agreements        
Revenue        
Net revenue 19,674 16,130 37,978 24,067
Fuel delivered to customers and related equipment        
Revenue        
Net revenue 29,887 17,878 48,173 28,020
Sales of cryogenic equipment and liquefiers        
Revenue        
Net revenue 30,970 69,673 62,400 126,262
Other        
Revenue        
Net revenue $ 3,967 $ 1,187 $ 6,323 $ 2,203
v3.24.2.u1
Revenue - Contract balances (Details) - Sales of fuel cell systems - USD ($)
$ in Thousands
Jun. 30, 2024
Dec. 31, 2023
Disaggregation of revenue    
Accounts receivable $ 189,863 $ 243,811
Contract assets 162,431 155,989
Deferred revenue and contract liabilities $ 245,846 $ 288,302
v3.24.2.u1
Revenue - Changes in contract assets and contract liabilities (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Thousands
6 Months Ended 12 Months Ended
Jun. 30, 2024
Jun. 30, 2023
Dec. 31, 2023
Contract assets      
Net change in contract assets $ 2,897 $ 23,807  
Contract liabilities      
Increases due to customer billings, net of amounts recognized as revenue during the period 21,195   $ 151,965
Change in contract liabilities related to warrants 219   440
Revenue recognized that was included in the contract liability balance as of the beginning of the period (63,870)   (94,001)
Net change in deferred revenue and contract liabilities (42,456)   58,404
Sales of fuel cell systems      
Contract assets      
Transferred to receivables from contract assets recognized at the beginning of the period (12,959)   (94,860)
Change in contract assets related to warrants 3,766   14,260
Impairment     (2,375)
Revenue recognized and not billed as of the end of the period 15,635   134,677
Net change in contract assets $ 6,442   $ 51,702
v3.24.2.u1
Revenue - Estimated future revenue (Details)
$ in Thousands
6 Months Ended
Jun. 30, 2024
USD ($)
Revenue  
Total estimated future revenue $ 1,102,602
Sales of fuel cell systems  
Revenue  
Total estimated future revenue 39,989
Sale of hydrogen installations and other infrastructure  
Revenue  
Total estimated future revenue 30,317
Sales of electrolyzers  
Revenue  
Total estimated future revenue 320,839
Sale of oil and gas equipment  
Revenue  
Total estimated future revenue 11,186
Services performed on fuel cell systems and related infrastructure  
Revenue  
Total estimated future revenue 134,469
Power purchase agreements  
Revenue  
Total estimated future revenue 401,874
Fuel delivered to customers and related equipment  
Revenue  
Total estimated future revenue 91,984
Sales of cryogenic equipment and liquefiers  
Revenue  
Total estimated future revenue $ 71,944
Maximum | Sales of fuel cell systems  
Revenue  
Duration of estimated revenue expected to be recognized in future (in years) 2 years
Maximum | Sales of electrolyzers  
Revenue  
Duration of estimated revenue expected to be recognized in future (in years) 2 years
Maximum | Services performed on fuel cell systems and related infrastructure  
Revenue  
Duration of estimated revenue expected to be recognized in future (in years) 10 years
Maximum | Power purchase agreements  
Revenue  
Duration of estimated revenue expected to be recognized in future (in years) 10 years
Maximum | Fuel delivered to customers and related equipment  
Revenue  
Duration of estimated revenue expected to be recognized in future (in years) 10 years
Minimum | Sales of fuel cell systems  
Revenue  
Duration of estimated revenue expected to be recognized in future (in years) 1 year
Minimum | Sale of hydrogen installations and other infrastructure  
Revenue  
Duration of estimated revenue expected to be recognized in future (in years) 1 year
Minimum | Sales of electrolyzers  
Revenue  
Duration of estimated revenue expected to be recognized in future (in years) 1 year
Minimum | Sale of oil and gas equipment  
Revenue  
Duration of estimated revenue expected to be recognized in future (in years) 1 year
Minimum | Services performed on fuel cell systems and related infrastructure  
Revenue  
Duration of estimated revenue expected to be recognized in future (in years) 5 years
Minimum | Power purchase agreements  
Revenue  
Duration of estimated revenue expected to be recognized in future (in years) 5 years
Minimum | Fuel delivered to customers and related equipment  
Revenue  
Duration of estimated revenue expected to be recognized in future (in years) 5 years
Minimum | Sales of cryogenic equipment and liquefiers  
Revenue  
Duration of estimated revenue expected to be recognized in future (in years) 1 year
v3.24.2.u1
Income Taxes (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Thousands
3 Months Ended 6 Months Ended
Jun. 30, 2024
Jun. 30, 2023
Jun. 30, 2024
Jun. 30, 2023
Income Taxes        
Income tax benefit $ 376 $ 917 $ 213 $ 2,187
v3.24.2.u1
Fair Value Measurements - Narrative (Details)
$ in Millions
6 Months Ended
Jun. 30, 2024
USD ($)
Fair Value Measurements  
Transfers between Level 1, Level 2, and Level 3 $ 0.0
v3.24.2.u1
Fair Value Measurements - Assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Thousands
3 Months Ended 6 Months Ended
May 24, 2024
Jun. 30, 2024
Mar. 31, 2024
Jun. 30, 2023
Jun. 30, 2024
Jun. 30, 2023
Dec. 31, 2023
Jan. 14, 2022
Dec. 31, 2021
Dec. 31, 2020
Fair Value                    
Change in fair value of contingent consideration   $ 3,768   $ 15,308 $ (5,432) $ 24,077        
Payments Of Contingent Consideration         9,164 2,895        
Cash payments   1,000 $ 10,000              
Foreign currency translation adjustment   (233) (690)              
Payments of contingent consideration         1,836 $ 10,105        
Recurring basis | Level 3 | Contingent consideration                    
Fair Value                    
Liabilities, Fair value   90,620     90,620   $ 126,216      
Giner ELX, Inc                    
Fair Value                    
Maximum number of shares authorized to resale 3,461,371                  
United Hydrogen Group Inc | Contingent consideration                    
Fair Value                    
Change in fair value of contingent consideration   0     100          
Joule Processing LLC                    
Fair Value                    
Contingent consideration               $ 41,700    
Carrying value | Recurring basis | Contingent consideration                    
Fair Value                    
Liabilities, Fair value   90,620     90,620   126,216      
Fair Value | Contingent consideration                    
Fair Value                    
Change in fair value of contingent consideration   (500)     200          
Fair Value | Recurring basis | Contingent consideration                    
Fair Value                    
Liabilities, Fair value   90,620     90,620   126,216      
Fair Value | Giner ELX, Inc | Contingent consideration                    
Fair Value                    
Liabilities, Fair value   0     0   18,000      
Contingent consideration                   $ 16,000
Change in fair value of contingent consideration   (18,000)                
Cash payments   (18,200)                
Payments of contingent consideration $ 18,200 18,200                
Fair Value | United Hydrogen Group Inc | Contingent consideration                    
Fair Value                    
Liabilities, Fair value   0     0   900      
Contingent consideration                   $ 1,100
Change in fair value of contingent consideration   1,000                
Cash payments   900                
Payments of contingent consideration   1,000                
Fair Value | Frames Holding B.V. | Contingent consideration                    
Fair Value                    
Liabilities, Fair value   29,200     29,200   31,800      
Contingent consideration                 $ 29,100  
Change in fair value of contingent consideration   900     1,600          
Foreign currency translation adjustment   300     1,000          
Fair Value | Joule Processing LLC | Contingent consideration                    
Fair Value                    
Liabilities, Fair value   61,400     61,400   $ 75,500      
Change in fair value of contingent consideration   3,400     4,100          
Cash payments     $ 10,000              
Fair Value | Joule Processing LLC | Recurring basis | Contingent consideration                    
Fair Value                    
Liabilities, Fair value   $ 90,600     $ 90,600          
v3.24.2.u1
Fair Value Measurements - Assets and liabilities measured at fair value on recurring basis that have unobservable inputs (Details)
$ in Thousands
Jun. 30, 2024
USD ($)
Dec. 31, 2023
USD ($)
Jan. 14, 2022
USD ($)
Dec. 31, 2021
USD ($)
Dec. 31, 2020
USD ($)
Joule Processing LLC          
Fair Value Measurement Inputs and Valuation Techniques [Line Items]          
Contingent consideration     $ 41,700    
Credit spread | Contingent consideration          
Fair Value Measurement Inputs and Valuation Techniques [Line Items]          
Contingent Consideration, measurement input 13.51 0.1361      
Fair Value | Frames Holding B.V. | Contingent consideration          
Fair Value Measurement Inputs and Valuation Techniques [Line Items]          
Contingent consideration       $ 29,100  
Fair Value | Giner ELX, Inc | Contingent consideration          
Fair Value Measurement Inputs and Valuation Techniques [Line Items]          
Contingent consideration         $ 16,000
Fair Value | United Hydrogen Group Inc | Contingent consideration          
Fair Value Measurement Inputs and Valuation Techniques [Line Items]          
Contingent consideration         $ 1,100
Fair Value | Discount rate | Minimum | Contingent consideration          
Fair Value Measurement Inputs and Valuation Techniques [Line Items]          
Contingent Consideration, measurement input 17.91 17.71      
Fair Value | Discount rate | Maximum | Contingent consideration          
Fair Value Measurement Inputs and Valuation Techniques [Line Items]          
Contingent Consideration, measurement input 18.41 19.06      
Fair Value | Scenario based method          
Fair Value Measurement Inputs and Valuation Techniques [Line Items]          
Contingent consideration   $ 126,216      
Fair Value | Recurring basis | Level 3 | Scenario based method          
Fair Value Measurement Inputs and Valuation Techniques [Line Items]          
Contingent consideration $ 90,620        
Fair Value | Recurring basis | Level 3 | Scenario based method | Contingent consideration          
Fair Value Measurement Inputs and Valuation Techniques [Line Items]          
Contingent consideration $ 90,620        
v3.24.2.u1
Fair Value Measurements - Level 3 Instruments Reconciliation (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Thousands
3 Months Ended 6 Months Ended
Jun. 30, 2024
Mar. 31, 2024
Jun. 30, 2023
Jun. 30, 2024
Jun. 30, 2023
Reconciliations of the beginning and ending balances for liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis using significant unobservable inputs (i.e. Level 3)          
Balance at the beginning of the period $ 106,326 $ 126,216   $ 126,216  
Cash payments (1,000) (10,000)      
Payment settled in stock (18,241)   $ (8,000) (18,241) $ (8,000)
Change in fair value of contingent consideration 3,768 (9,200)      
Foreign currency translation adjustment (233) (690)      
Balance at the end of the period $ 90,620 $ 106,326   $ 90,620  
v3.24.2.u1
Investments - Equity Method Investments (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Thousands
3 Months Ended 6 Months Ended
Jun. 30, 2024
Jun. 30, 2023
Jun. 30, 2024
Jun. 30, 2023
Dec. 31, 2023
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]          
Carrying Value $ 94,195   $ 94,195   $ 56,096
Capital commitment to be made in remainder of 2024 $ 23,700   $ 23,700    
HyVia          
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]          
Common Stock Ownership % 50.00%   50.00%   50.00%
Carrying Value $ 10,445   $ 10,445   $ (2,068)
Payments to acquire equity method investments $ 16,100 $ 0 $ 32,300 $ 22,300  
AccionaPlug S.L.          
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]          
Common Stock Ownership % 50.00%   50.00%   50.00%
Carrying Value $ 3,816   $ 3,816   $ 3,198
Payments to acquire equity method investments $ 0 800 $ 1,700 800  
Clean H2 Infra Fund          
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]          
Common Stock Ownership % 5.00%   5.00%   5.00%
Carrying Value $ 26,510   $ 26,510   $ 13,357
Payments to acquire equity method investments $ 9,700 3,300 $ 13,700 3,300  
SK Plug Hyverse          
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]          
Common Stock Ownership % 49.00%   49.00%   49.00%
Carrying Value $ 53,424   $ 53,424   $ 41,609
Payments to acquire equity method investments $ 16,000 $ 0 $ 16,000 $ 17,800  
v3.24.2.u1
Operating and Finance Lease Liabilities - Narrative (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Millions
3 Months Ended 6 Months Ended
Jun. 30, 2024
Jun. 30, 2023
Jun. 30, 2024
Jun. 30, 2023
Mar. 31, 2024
Dec. 31, 2023
Lessee, Lease, Description            
Rental expense for all operating lease $ 25.9 $ 23.3 $ 52.2 $ 45.2    
Prepaid rent and security deposit         $ 7.4 $ 7.4
Finance lease, right-of-use asset, amortization and interest expense 1.8 $ 1.9 3.7 $ 3.7    
Right of use assets, finance lease 54.7   54.7     57.3
Accumulated amortization of right-of-use asset from finance lease $ 11.2   $ 11.2     $ 9.0
Minimum            
Lessee, Lease, Description            
Lease Term - as Lessee 1 year   1 year      
Maximum            
Lessee, Lease, Description            
Lease Term - as Lessee 7 years   7 years      
v3.24.2.u1
Operating and Finance Lease Liabilities - Future minimum lease payments under operating and finance leases (Details)
$ in Thousands
Jun. 30, 2024
USD ($)
Future minimum lease payments under operating lease  
Remainder of 2024 $ 50,083
2025 95,589
2026 86,743
2027 73,066
2028 50,655
2029 and thereafter 149,565
Total future minimum lease payments 505,701
Less imputed interest (175,045)
Total operating lease, liabilities 330,656
Future minimum lease payments under finance leases  
Remainder of 2024 6,041
2025 15,000
2026 12,142
2027 8,260
2028 1,931
2029 and thereafter 3,300
Total future minimum lease payments 46,674
Less imputed interest (5,942)
Total finance lease liabilities 40,732
Future minimum lease payments under operating and finance leases  
Remainder of 2024 56,124
2025 110,589
2026 98,885
2027 81,326
2028 52,586
2029 and thereafter 152,865
Total future minimum payments 552,375
Less imputed interest (180,987)
Total $ 371,388
v3.24.2.u1
Operating and Finance Lease Liabilities - Other information related to the operating leases (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Thousands
6 Months Ended
Jun. 30, 2024
Jun. 30, 2023
Other information of operating leases    
Cash payments - operating cash flows (in thousands) $ 49,932 $ 43,304
Weighted average remaining lease term (in years) 7 years 1 month 24 days 6 years 1 month 28 days
Weighted average discount rate (as a percent) 11.30% 11.20%
v3.24.2.u1
Operating and Finance Lease Liabilities - Other information related to the finance leases (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Thousands
6 Months Ended
Jun. 30, 2024
Jun. 30, 2023
Other information    
Cash payments - operating cash flows (in thousands) $ 1,488 $ 1,587
Cash payments - financing cash flows (in thousands) $ 4,586 $ 4,153
Weighted average remaining lease term (in years) 3 years 5 months 19 days 3 years 5 months 19 days
Weighted average discount rate (as a percent) 6.80% 6.80%
v3.24.2.u1
Finance Obligation - Narrative (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Thousands
3 Months Ended 6 Months Ended
Jun. 30, 2024
Jun. 30, 2023
Jun. 30, 2024
Jun. 30, 2023
Dec. 31, 2023
Finance Obligation          
Finance obligation under sale-leaseback transaction $ 330,653   $ 330,653    
Current portion of finance obligation in sale-leaseback transaction 85,642   85,642   $ 84,031
Noncurrent portion of finance obligation in sale-leaseback transaction 245,011   245,011   284,363
Sale of Future Revenue - Debt          
Finance Obligation          
Finance obligation under sale-leaseback transaction 314,781   314,781   350,800
Current portion of finance obligation in sale-leaseback transaction 76,700   76,700   74,000
Noncurrent portion of finance obligation in sale-leaseback transaction 238,100   238,100   276,800
Interest on lease liabilities, finance lease 9,400 $ 9,800 19,400 $ 19,000  
Sale/Leaseback Financings          
Finance Obligation          
Finance obligation under sale-leaseback transaction 15,872   15,872   17,600
Current portion of finance obligation in sale-leaseback transaction 8,900   8,900   10,000
Noncurrent portion of finance obligation in sale-leaseback transaction $ 7,000   $ 7,000   $ 7,600
v3.24.2.u1
Finance Obligation - Future minimum payments under finance obligations (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Thousands
Jun. 30, 2024
Dec. 31, 2023
Future minimum payments under finance obligations    
Remainder of 2024 $ 63,617  
2025 106,776  
2026 90,053  
2027 73,482  
2028 53,203  
2029 and thereafter 26,635  
Total future minimum payments 413,766  
Less imputed interest (83,113)  
Total 330,653  
Sale of Future Revenue - Debt    
Future minimum payments under finance obligations    
Remainder of 2024 54,902  
2025 104,547  
2026 87,824  
2027 71,253  
2028 51,188  
2029 and thereafter 25,504  
Total future minimum payments 395,218  
Less imputed interest (80,437)  
Total 314,781 $ 350,800
Sale/Leaseback Financings    
Future minimum payments under finance obligations    
Remainder of 2024 8,715  
2025 2,229  
2026 2,229  
2027 2,229  
2028 2,015  
2029 and thereafter 1,131  
Total future minimum payments 18,548  
Less imputed interest (2,676)  
Total $ 15,872 $ 17,600
v3.24.2.u1
Finance Obligation - Other information related to finance obligations (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Thousands
6 Months Ended
Jun. 30, 2024
Jun. 30, 2023
Finance Obligation    
Cash payments (in thousands) $ 57,319 $ 49,256
Weighted average remaining term (in years) 4 years 21 days 4 years 9 months 10 days
Weighted average discount rate (as a percent) 11.30% 11.20%
v3.24.2.u1
Commitments and Contingencies - Concentrations of Credit Risk (Details)
$ in Thousands
3 Months Ended 6 Months Ended 12 Months Ended
Jun. 30, 2024
USD ($)
customer
Jun. 30, 2023
customer
Jun. 30, 2024
USD ($)
customer
Jun. 30, 2023
customer
Dec. 31, 2023
USD ($)
customer
Customer Concentration          
Restricted cash $ 525,600   $ 525,600   $ 573,500
Letter of credit 340,700   340,700   370,700
Letters of credit on sale/leaseback agreements 305,600   305,600   340,000
Customs related letters of credit 35,100   35,100   30,700
Construction escrow 77,100   77,100   76,800
Federal depository insurance coverage 250   250    
Joule Processing LLC          
Customer Concentration          
Consideration held by paying agent.     100    
Alloy Custom Products, LLC and WesMor Cryogenics, LLC          
Customer Concentration          
Consideration held by paying agent.     1,200    
Collateral Related to Acquisitions | Frames Holding B.V.          
Customer Concentration          
Restricted cash $ 11,800   $ 11,800    
Restricted cash as collateral         $ 11,700
Accounts receivable | Customer concentration | One customer          
Customer Concentration          
Number of customers | customer 1   1   1
Concentration risk (as a percent)         21.50%
Accounts receivable | Customer concentration | Three customers          
Customer Concentration          
Concentration risk (as a percent)     15.20%    
Revenues | Customer concentration | Two customers          
Customer Concentration          
Number of customers | customer 2 2 2 2  
Concentration risk (as a percent)   63.00% 39.90% 41.90%  
Revenues | Customer concentration | Three customers          
Customer Concentration          
Number of customers | customer 3   3    
Concentration risk (as a percent) 46.80%        
v3.24.2.u1
Commitments and Contingencies - Purchase Obligations (Details)
$ in Thousands, € in Millions
6 Months Ended
Jun. 30, 2024
EUR (€)
Jun. 30, 2024
USD ($)
May 30, 2023
EUR (€)
Guarantee      
Amount of guarantee | €     € 20
Payments related to guarantee | € € 0    
Recorded Unconditional Purchase Obligation, Fiscal Year Maturity Schedule [Abstract]      
Remainder of 2024   $ 27,185  
2025   8,023  
2026   8,023  
2027   2,638  
Total   $ 45,869  
v3.24.2.u1
Employee Benefit Plans - Narrative (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Thousands
3 Months Ended 6 Months Ended
Jun. 30, 2024
Jun. 30, 2023
Jun. 30, 2024
Jun. 30, 2023
Employee Benefit Plans        
Compensation cost $ 22,746 $ 36,861 $ 33,118 $ 77,049
Service Stock Options Awards        
Employee Benefit Plans        
Compensation cost 5,400 6,900 $ 12,300 15,200
Performance Stock Option Awards        
Employee Benefit Plans        
Options exercisable (as a percent)     200.00%  
Compensation cost 7,900 17,900 $ 1,800 35,300
Stock Incentive Plan 2011 And 2021        
Employee Benefit Plans        
Company's matching contributions 3,100 3,000 6,300 6,000
Compensation cost 22,700 36,900 33,100 77,000
Cost of sales        
Employee Benefit Plans        
Compensation cost 2,079 2,439 4,085 5,116
Research and development        
Employee Benefit Plans        
Compensation cost 2,251 1,765 4,593 4,047
Selling, general and administrative        
Employee Benefit Plans        
Compensation cost $ 18,416 $ 32,657 $ 24,440 $ 67,886
v3.24.2.u1
Employee Benefit Plans - Stock Activity, Weighted Average Exercise Price (Details) - USD ($)
3 Months Ended 6 Months Ended 12 Months Ended
Jun. 30, 2024
Mar. 31, 2024
Jun. 30, 2023
Jun. 30, 2024
Jun. 30, 2023
Dec. 31, 2023
Shares            
Granted (in shares) 7,107,625   6,782,043 7,420,625 6,876,593  
Stock option activity additional disclosures            
Compensation cost $ 22,746,000   $ 36,861,000 $ 33,118,000 $ 77,049,000  
Options granted 7,107,625   6,782,043 7,420,625 6,876,593  
Service Stock Options Awards            
Shares            
Options outstanding, beginning balance (in shares)   17,336,362   17,336,362    
Options exercisable, beginning balance (in shares)   8,288,944   8,288,944    
Options unvested, beginning balance (in shares)   9,047,418   9,047,418    
Granted (in shares)       4,968,125    
Exercised (in shares)       (32,500)    
Forfeited (in shares)       (2,018,782)    
Options outstanding, end balance (in shares) 20,253,205     20,253,205   17,336,362
Options exercisable, ending balance (in shares) 7,954,524     7,954,524   8,288,944
Options unvested, ending balance (in shares) 12,298,681     12,298,681   9,047,418
Weighted Average Exercise Price            
Options outstanding, beginning balance, weighted-average exercise price   $ 11.37   $ 11.37    
Options exercisable, beginning balance, weighted-average exercise price   11.84   11.84    
Options unvested, beginning balance, weighted-average exercise price   $ 10.94   10.94    
Granted, weighted-average exercise price       2.51    
Exercised, weighted-average exercise price       2.15    
Forfeited, weighted-average exercise price       18.42    
Options outstanding, ending balance, weighted-average exercise price $ 8.51     8.51   $ 11.37
Options exercisable, ending balance, weighted-average exercise price 11.15     11.15   11.84
Options unvested, ending balance, weighted-average exercise price $ 6.80     $ 6.80   $ 10.94
Stock option activity additional disclosures            
Options outstanding, weighted-average remaining contractual term       7 years 6 months 10 days   7 years 10 months 9 days
Options exercisable, weighted-average remaining contractual term       5 years 7 months 28 days   6 years 2 months 4 days
Options unvested, weighted-average remaining contractual term       8 years 9 months   9 years 4 months 20 days
Options outstanding, aggregate intrinsic value $ 464,000     $ 464,000   $ 11,391,000
Options exercisable, aggregate intrinsic value 464,000     $ 464,000   7,250,000
Options unvested, aggregate intrinsic value           $ 4,141,000
Weighted-average grant date fair value of options granted (per share)       $ 1.78 $ 6.76  
Fair value of stock options that vested during the period       $ 8,200,000 $ 9,800,000  
Compensation cost 5,400,000   $ 6,900,000 12,300,000 15,200,000  
Unrecognized compensation cost $ 39,700,000     $ 39,700,000    
Period for recognition       1 year 11 months 23 days    
Intrinsic fair value of options exercised       $ 39,000 $ 1,800,000  
Options granted       4,968,125    
Performance Stock Option Awards            
Shares            
Options outstanding, beginning balance (in shares)   21,925,000   21,925,000    
Options exercisable, beginning balance (in shares)   2,782,000   2,782,000    
Options unvested, beginning balance (in shares)   19,143,000   19,143,000    
Granted (in shares)       2,452,500    
Exercised (in shares)       0 0  
Forfeited (in shares)       (2,250,000)    
Options outstanding, end balance (in shares) 22,127,500     22,127,500   21,925,000
Options exercisable, ending balance (in shares) 4,038,667     4,038,667   2,782,000
Options unvested, ending balance (in shares) 18,088,833     18,088,833   19,143,000
Weighted Average Exercise Price            
Options outstanding, beginning balance, weighted-average exercise price   $ 21.32   $ 21.32    
Options exercisable, beginning balance, weighted-average exercise price   26.9   26.9    
Options unvested, beginning balance, weighted-average exercise price   $ 20.50   20.50    
Granted, weighted-average exercise price       2.41    
Options outstanding, ending balance, weighted-average exercise price $ 19.33     19.33   $ 21.32
Options exercisable, ending balance, weighted-average exercise price 20.99     20.99   26.9
Options unvested, ending balance, weighted-average exercise price $ 18.96     $ 18.96   $ 20.50
Stock option activity additional disclosures            
Options outstanding, weighted-average remaining contractual term       4 years 11 months 8 days   5 years 3 months 7 days
Options granted, weighted-average remaining contractual term       6 years 9 months 25 days    
Options exercisable, weighted-average remaining contractual term       4 years 8 months 26 days   4 years 8 months 12 days
Options unvested, weighted-average remaining contractual term       4 years 11 months 23 days   5 years 4 months 6 days
Weighted-average grant date fair value of options granted (per share)       $ 0.53 $ 4.32  
Fair value of stock options that vested during the period       $ 5,600,000 $ 0  
Option expected to vest (in shares) 3,904,333     3,904,333    
Unvested stock options expected to vest period for calculation of weighted- average exercise price       5 years 3 months 14 days    
Unvested stock options, weighted- average exercise price $ 14.66     $ 14.66    
Compensation cost $ 7,900,000   $ 17,900,000 $ 1,800,000 $ 35,300,000  
Unvested performance stock options forfeited   $ 15,200,000        
Non-cash compensation expense reversals compensation cost       17,000,000.0    
Unrecognized compensation cost 14,400,000     14,400,000    
Aggregate intrinsic value of unvested performance stock options $ 0     $ 0    
Period for recognition       1 year 5 months 4 days    
Options granted       2,452,500    
v3.24.2.u1
Employee Benefit Plans - Restricted Common Stock and Restricted Stock Unit Awards (Details) - USD ($)
$ / shares in Units, $ in Thousands
3 Months Ended 6 Months Ended
Jun. 30, 2024
Jun. 30, 2023
Jun. 30, 2024
Jun. 30, 2023
Employee Benefit Plans        
Compensation cost $ 22,746 $ 36,861 $ 33,118 $ 77,049
Restricted stock and restricted stock units outstanding        
Employee Benefit Plans        
Compensation cost 9,400 12,000 19,000 26,600
Unrecognized compensation cost $ 51,500   $ 51,500  
Period for recognition     1 year 7 months 24 days  
Fair value of restricted stock units vested     $ 10,200 $ 16,800
Outstanding balance 6,282,815   6,282,815  
Shares        
Unvested restricted stock and restricted stock units, beginning balance (in shares)     6,732,884  
Granted (in shares)     1,054,057  
Vested (in shares)     (573,045)  
Forfeited (in shares)     (931,081)  
Unvested restricted stock and restricted stock units, end balance (in shares) 6,282,815   6,282,815  
Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value        
Unvested restricted stock, beginning balance, weighted average grant date fair value     $ 15.66  
Granted, weighted average grant date fair value     2.85 $ 10.42
Vested, weighted average grant date fair value     17.84  
Forfeited, weighted average grant date fair value     17.88  
Unvested restricted stock, end balance, weighted average grant date fair value $ 12.98   $ 12.98  
Aggregate Intrinsic Value        
Unvested restricted stock, beginning balance, aggregate intrinsic value     $ 30,298  
Unvested restricted stock, end balance, aggregate intrinsic value $ 14,639   14,639  
Restricted common units with performance target        
Employee Benefit Plans        
Compensation cost 700 $ 0 1,300 $ 0
Unrecognized compensation cost $ 1,800   $ 1,800  
Period for recognition     2 years 29 days  
Outstanding balance 375,000   375,000  
Shares        
Unvested restricted stock and restricted stock units, end balance (in shares) 375,000   375,000  
v3.24.2.u1
Employee Benefit Plans - 401(K) Saving And Retirement Plan (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Thousands
3 Months Ended 6 Months Ended
Jun. 30, 2024
Jun. 30, 2023
Jun. 30, 2024
Jun. 30, 2023
Non-Employee Benefit Plan Compensation        
Compensation cost $ 22,746 $ 36,861 $ 33,118 $ 77,049
Non Employee Director        
Non-Employee Benefit Plan Compensation        
Granted (in shares) 73,632 11,466 127,230 21,782
Compensation cost $ 200 $ 100 $ 400 $ 200
Savings And Retirement Plan 401 K        
401(K) Savings & Retirement Plan        
Common stock, shares issued     2,085,222 547,174
Total expense (including issuance of shares) $ 3,100 $ 3,000 $ 6,300 $ 6,000
v3.24.2.u1
Segment and Geographic Area Reporting - Geographical (Details)
$ in Thousands
3 Months Ended 6 Months Ended
Jun. 30, 2024
USD ($)
Jun. 30, 2023
USD ($)
Jun. 30, 2024
USD ($)
segment
Jun. 30, 2023
USD ($)
Dec. 31, 2023
USD ($)
Segment and Geographic Area Reporting          
Number of operating segments | segment     1    
Number of reportable segments | segment     1    
Revenues $ 143,350 $ 260,182 $ 263,614 $ 470,468  
Long-Lived Assets 2,057,869   2,057,869   $ 2,004,688
North America          
Segment and Geographic Area Reporting          
Revenues 113,113 235,521 218,849 397,327  
Long-Lived Assets 1,903,747   1,903,747   1,881,315
Europe          
Segment and Geographic Area Reporting          
Revenues 21,182 12,143 29,756 52,259  
Long-Lived Assets 151,268   151,268   122,489
Asia          
Segment and Geographic Area Reporting          
Revenues 4,112 5,998 9,179 9,280  
Other          
Segment and Geographic Area Reporting          
Revenues 4,943 $ 6,520 5,830 $ 11,602  
Long-Lived Assets $ 2,854   $ 2,854   $ 884
v3.24.2.u1
Related Party Transactions (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Thousands
3 Months Ended 6 Months Ended
Jun. 30, 2024
Jun. 30, 2023
Jun. 30, 2024
Jun. 30, 2023
Dec. 31, 2023
Related Party Transactions          
Related party total revenue $ 143,350 $ 260,182 $ 263,614 $ 470,468  
HyVia          
Related Party Transactions          
Ownership percentage in joint venture 50.00%   50.00%    
Related party total revenue $ 700 2,300 $ 3,800 6,100  
Outstanding accounts receivable $ 600   $ 600   $ 2,300
SK Plug Hyverse          
Related Party Transactions          
Ownership percentage in joint venture 49.00%   49.00%    
Related party total revenue $ 1,100 $ 800 $ 4,500 $ 1,000  
Outstanding accounts receivable $ 500   $ 500   $ 1,700
v3.24.2.u1
Restructuring (Details)
$ in Thousands
3 Months Ended 6 Months Ended
Jun. 30, 2024
USD ($)
Jun. 30, 2024
USD ($)
Restructuring Cost and Reserve [Line Items]    
Restructuring costs $ 1,629 $ 7,640
Employee Severance    
Restructuring Cost and Reserve [Line Items]    
Restructuring costs 1,600 6,800
Restructuring costs, current 1,600 1,600
One-time Termination Benefits    
Restructuring Cost and Reserve [Line Items]    
Restructuring costs   100
Restructuring costs, current 600 600
Other Restructuring    
Restructuring Cost and Reserve [Line Items]    
Restructuring costs 49 800
Restructuring costs, current 28 28
Other Specified Restructuring    
Restructuring Cost and Reserve [Line Items]    
Restructuring costs, current $ 200 $ 200
v3.24.2.u1
Subsequent Events (Details) - USD ($)
$ / shares in Units, $ in Thousands
1 Months Ended 3 Months Ended 6 Months Ended
Jul. 22, 2024
Jan. 17, 2024
Aug. 09, 2024
Jun. 30, 2024
Jun. 30, 2024
Jul. 18, 2024
Dec. 31, 2023
Subsequent Events              
Gross proceeds         $ 572,120    
Par value, common stock       $ 0.01 $ 0.01   $ 0.01
At Market Issuance Sales Agreement              
Subsequent Events              
Common stock shares issued   189,411,442   96,812,695 176,365,870    
Gross proceeds   $ 611,500 $ 30,700 $ 271,500 $ 580,800    
Stock issuance cost       $ 4,800 $ 8,700    
Subsequent Event | At Market Issuance Sales Agreement              
Subsequent Events              
Common stock shares issued     13,045,572        
Sales price per share     $ 2.35        
Stock issuance cost     $ 500        
Subsequent Event | Public Offerings              
Subsequent Events              
Common stock shares issued 78,740,157            
Sales price per share           $ 2.54  
Gross proceeds $ 191,000            
Options given to purchase additional shares (Days) 30 days            
Maximum number of additional shares to be issue on option to underwriters 11,811,023            
Subsequent Event | Public Offerings | Morgan Stanley & Co. LLC              
Subsequent Events              
Common stock shares issued 78,740,157            
Sales price per share $ 2.54            
Gross proceeds $ 191,000            
Options given to purchase additional shares (Days) 30 days            
Maximum number of additional shares to be issue on option to underwriters 11,811,023