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NOTE 1 — BASIS OF PRESENTATION
The condensed consolidated financial statements include the accounts of East West Bancorp, Inc. (referred to herein on an unconsolidated basis as “East West” and on a consolidated basis as the “Company”) and its wholly-owned subsidiaries, East West Bank and subsidiaries (“East West Bank” or the “Bank”) and East West Insurance Services, Inc. Intercompany transactions and accounts have been eliminated in consolidation. East West also has seven wholly-owned subsidiaries that are statutory business trusts (the “Trusts”). In accordance with Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 810, the Trusts are not consolidated into the accounts of East West Bancorp, Inc.
The interim condensed consolidated financial statements, presented in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”), are unaudited and reflect all adjustments that, in the opinion of management, are necessary for a fair statement of financial condition and results of operations for the interim periods. All adjustments are of a normal and recurring nature. Results for the three months and six months ended June 30, 2012 are not necessarily indicative of results that may be expected for any other interim period or for the year as a whole. Certain information and note disclosures normally included in annual financial statements prepared in accordance with GAAP have been condensed or omitted. Events subsequent to the condensed consolidated balance sheet date have been evaluated through the date the financial statements are issued for inclusion in the accompanying financial statements. The unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements and notes included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2011.
Certain prior year balances have been reclassified to conform to current year presentation. |
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NOTE 2 — SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES
Derivative Financial Instruments—As part of its asset and liability management strategy, the Company uses derivative financial instruments to mitigate exposure to interest rate and foreign currency risks. All derivative instruments, including certain derivative instruments embedded in other contracts, are recognized on the condensed consolidated balance sheet at fair value with the change in fair value reported in earnings. When master netting agreements exist, the Company nets counterparty positions with any cash collateral received or delivered.
The Company’s interest rate swaps on certain certificates of deposit qualify for hedge accounting treatment under ASC 815, Derivatives and Hedging. The Company documents its hedge relationships, including identification of the hedging instruments and the hedged items, as well as its risk management objectives and strategies for undertaking the hedge transaction at the time the derivative contract is executed. This includes designating the derivative contract as a “fair value hedge” which is a hedge of a recognized asset or liability. All derivatives designated as fair value hedges are linked to specific hedged items or to groups of specific assets and liabilities on the balance sheet. Both at inception and quarterly thereafter, the Company assesses whether the derivatives used in hedging transactions are highly effective (as defined in the guidance) in offsetting changes in the fair value of the hedged item. Retrospective effectiveness is also assessed as well as the continued expectation that the hedge will remain effective prospectively. Any ineffective portion of the changes of fair value hedges is recognized immediately in interest expense in the condensed consolidated statements of income.
The Company discontinues hedge accounting prospectively when (i) a derivative is no longer highly effective in offsetting changes in the fair value, (ii) a derivative expires or is sold, terminated, or exercised, or (iii) the Company determines that designation of a derivative as a hedge is no longer appropriate. If a fair value hedge derivative instrument is terminated or the hedge designation removed, the previous adjustments to the carrying amount of the hedged liability would be subsequently accounted for in the same manner as other components of the carrying amount of that liability. For interest-bearing liabilities, such adjustments would be amortized into earnings over the remaining life of the respective liability.
The Company adopted ASU 2011-04, Fair Value Measurement (Topic 820): Amendments to Achieve Common Fair Value Measurement and Disclosure Requirements in U.S. GAAP and IFRSs and has made the accounting policy election to use the exception in ASC 820 with respect to measuring counterparty credit risk for derivative instruments. That exception permits the Company to measure the fair value of a group of financial assets and liabilities on the basis of the price that would be received to sell an asset position or to transfer a liability position for a particular risk exposure, based on specified criteria, which have been met by the Company.
Comprehensive Income—The term “comprehensive income” describes the total of all components of comprehensive income, including net income and other comprehensive income. “Other comprehensive income” refers to revenues, expenses, and gains and losses that are included in comprehensive income but are excluded from net income because they have been recorded directly in equity under the provisions of other Financial Accounting Standards Board statements. In accordance with the adoption of ASU 2011-05, Comprehensive Income (Topic 220): Presentation of Comprehensive Income, the Company presents comprehensive income in the condensed consolidated statements of comprehensive income, which was formerly presented in the condensed consolidated statements of changes in stockholders’ equity.
Recent Accounting Standards
In April 2011, the FASB issued ASU 2011-02, Receivables (Topic 310) A Creditor’s Determination of Whether a Restructuring Is a Troubled Debt Restructuring. ASU 2011-02 clarifies the guidance on the two conditions that must exist in evaluating whether a restructuring constitutes a troubled debt restructuring: that the restructuring constitutes a concession and that the debtor is experiencing financial difficulties. In addition, ASU 2011-02 clarifies that a creditor is precluded from using the effective interest rate test in the debtor’s guidance on restructuring of payables (paragraph 470-60-55-10) when evaluating whether a restructuring constitutes a troubled debt restructuring. The amendments in ASU 2011-02 were effective for the first interim or annual period beginning on or after June 15, 2011, and should be applied retrospectively to the beginning of the annual period of adoption. Additionally, ASU 2011-02 finalizes the effective date for the disclosures required by paragraphs 310-10-50-33 through 50-34, which were deferred by ASU 2011-01, for interim and annual periods beginning on or after June 15, 2011. The adoption of this guidance did not have a material effect on the Company’s condensed consolidated financial statements.
In April 2011, the FASB issued ASU 2011-03, Transfers and Servicing (Topic 860): Reconsideration of Effective Control for Repurchase Agreements. ASU 2011-03 removes the transferor’s ability criterion from the consideration of effective control for repos and other agreements that both entitle and obligate the transferor to repurchase or redeem financial assets before their maturity. The amendments in ASU 2011-03 remove from the assessment of effective control (1) the criterion requiring the transferor to have the ability to repurchase or redeem the financial assets on substantially the agreed terms, even in the event of default by the transferee, and (2) the collateral maintenance implementation guidance related to that criterion. The FASB indicates that eliminating the transferor’s ability criterion and related implementation guidance from an entity’s assessment of effective control should improve the accounting for repos and other similar transactions. The amendments in ASU 2011-03 were effective for the first interim or annual period beginning on or after December 15, 2011 and are to be applied prospectively to transactions or modifications of existing transactions that occur on or after the effective date. The adoption of this guidance did not have a material effect on the Company’s condensed consolidated financial statements.
In May 2011, the FASB issued ASU 2011-04, Fair Value Measurement (Topic 820): Amendments to Achieve Common Fair Value Measurement and Disclosure Requirements in U.S. GAAP and IFRSs. ASU 2011-04 addresses convergence between GAAP and International Financial Reporting Standards (“IFRS”) requirements for measurement of and disclosures about fair value. The amendments are not expected to have a significant impact on companies applying GAAP. Key provisions of the amendment include: a prohibition on grouping financial instruments for purposes of determining fair value, except when an entity manages market and credit risks on the basis of the entity’s net exposure to the group; an extension of the prohibition against the use of a blockage factor to all fair value measurements (that prohibition currently applies only to financial instruments with quoted prices in active markets); and a requirement that for recurring Level 3 fair value measurements, entities disclose quantitative information about unobservable inputs, a description of the valuation process used and qualitative details about the sensitivity of the measurements. In addition, for items not carried at fair value but for which fair value is disclosed, entities will be required to disclose the level within the fair value hierarchy that applies to the fair value measurement disclosed. The amendments in ASU 2011-04 were effective during interim and annual periods beginning after December 15, 2011. The adoption of this guidance did not have a material effect on the Company’s condensed consolidated financial statements.
In June 2011, the FASB issued ASU 2011-05, Comprehensive Income (Topic 220): Presentation of Comprehensive Income. ASU 2011-05 requires companies to present the components of net income and other comprehensive income either as one continuous statement or as two consecutive statements. It eliminates the option to present components of other comprehensive income as part of the statement of changes in stockholders’ equity. The standard does not change the items which must be reported in other comprehensive income, how such items are measured, or when they must be reclassified to net income. The FASB amended ASU 2011-05 in December 2011, with the issuance of ASU 2011-12, Comprehensive Income (Topic 220): Deferral of the Effective Date for Amendments to the Presentation of Reclassifications of Items Out of Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income in Accounting Standards Update No. 2011-05. ASU 2011-12 defers only changes in ASU 2011-05 that relate to the presentation of reclassification adjustments. Both standards were effective for interim and annual periods beginning after December 15, 2011. The adoption of these standards only affected the presentation of the Company’s condensed consolidated financial statements and did not have an impact on the financial amounts presented in the statements.
In September 2011, the FASB issued ASU 2011-08, Intangibles—Goodwill and Other (Topic 350): Testing Goodwill for Impairment. ASU 2011-08 gives companies the option to qualitatively determine whether they can bypass the two-step goodwill impairment test under ASC 350-20, Intangibles—Goodwill and Other: Goodwill. Under ASU 2011-08, if a company chooses to perform a qualitative assessment and determines that it is more likely than not (a more than 50 percent likelihood) that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying amount, it would then perform Step 1 of the annual goodwill impairment test in ASC 350-20 and, if necessary, proceed to Step 2. Otherwise, no further evaluation would be necessary. The amended guidance is effective for interim and annual periods beginning after December 15, 2011. The Company has elected to continue to assess the two-step goodwill impairment, quantitatively. As such, this guidance did not have an impact on the Company’s condensed consolidated financial statements.
In December 2011, the FASB issued ASU 2011-11, Balance Sheet (Topic 210): Disclosures about Offsetting Assets and Liabilities. ASU 2011-11 addresses the differences in offsetting requirements between GAAP and IFRS by enhancing disclosures about financial instruments and derivative instruments that are either offset in accordance with GAAP or are subject to an enforceable master netting arrangement or similar agreement. Entities are required to disclose both gross information and net information about both instruments and transactions eligible for offset in the statement of financial position and instruments and transactions subject to an agreement similar to a master netting arrangement. The guidance is effective for interim and annual reporting periods beginning on or after January 1, 2013, and must be applied retrospectively to all comparative periods presented. Early adoption is permitted. The Company does not expect the adoption of this guidance to have a material effect on its condensed consolidated financial statements. |
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NOTE 3 — FAIR VALUE
Fair value is defined as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. In determining fair value, the Company uses various methods including market and income approaches. Based on these approaches, the Company utilizes certain assumptions that market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability. These inputs can be readily observable, market corroborated, or generally unobservable inputs. The Company utilizes valuation techniques that maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs. Based on the observability of the inputs used in the valuation techniques, the Company is required to provide the following information according to the fair value hierarchy noted below. The hierarchy is based on the quality and reliability of the information used to determine fair values. The hierarchy gives the highest priority to quoted prices available in active markets and the lowest priority to data lacking transparency. Financial assets and liabilities carried at fair value will be classified and disclosed in one of the following three categories:
· Level 1 – Quoted prices for identical instruments that are highly liquid, observable and actively traded in over-the-counter markets. Level 1 financial instruments typically include U.S. Treasury securities.
· Level 2 – Quoted prices for similar instruments in active markets; quoted prices for identical or similar instruments in markets that are not active; and model-derived valuations whose inputs are observable and can be corroborated by market data. Level 2 financial instruments typically include U.S. Government debt and agency mortgage-backed securities, municipal securities, corporate debt securities, single issuer trust preferred securities, equity swap agreements, foreign exchange options, interest rate swaps, impaired loans and other real estate owned (“OREO”).
· Level 3 – Unobservable inputs that are supported by little or no market activity and that are significant to the fair value of the assets or liabilities. Level 3 assets and liabilities include financial instruments whose value is determined using pricing models, discounted cash flow methodologies, or similar techniques, as well as instruments for which the determination of fair value requires significant management judgment or estimation. This category typically includes pooled trust preferred securities and derivatives payable.
The Company records investment securities available-for-sale, equity swap agreements, derivative liabilities, foreign exchange options, interest rate swaps and short-term foreign exchange contracts at fair value on a recurring basis. Certain other assets such as mortgage servicing assets, impaired loans, other real estate owned, loans held for sale, goodwill, premiums on acquired deposits and other investments are recorded at fair value on a nonrecurring basis. Nonrecurring fair value measurements typically involve assets that are periodically evaluated for impairment and for which any impairment is recorded in the period in which the remeasurement is performed.
In determining the appropriate hierarchy levels, the Company performs a detailed analysis of assets and liabilities that are subject to fair value disclosure. The following tables present both financial and nonfinancial assets and liabilities that are measured at fair value on a recurring and nonrecurring basis. These assets and liabilities are reported on the condensed consolidated balance sheets at their fair values as of June 30, 2012 and December 31, 2011. Financial assets and liabilities are classified in their entirety based on the lowest level of input that is significant to their fair value measurement. There were no transfers in and out of Levels 1 and 3 or Levels 2 and 3 during the first six months of 2012 and 2011.
(1) Covered OREO results from the WFIB and UCB FDIC-assisted acquisitions for which the Company entered into shared-loss agreements with the FDIC whereby the FDIC will reimburse the Company for 80% of eligible losses. As such, the Company’s liability for losses is 20% of the $1.2 million in losses, or $248 thousand, and 20% of the $9.1 million in losses, or $1.8 million, for the three months ended June 30, 2012 and 2011, respectively.
(1) Covered OREO results from the WFIB and UCB FDIC-assisted acquisitions for which the Company entered into shared-loss agreements with the FDIC whereby the FDIC will reimburse the Company for 80% of eligible losses. As such, the Company’s liability for losses is 20% of the $7.7 million in losses, or $1.5 million, and 20% of the $15.4 million in losses, or $3.1 million, for the six months ended June 30, 2012 and 2011, respectively.
At each reporting period, all assets and liabilities for which the fair value measurement is based on significant unobservable inputs are classified as Level 3. The following tables provide a reconciliation of the beginning and ending balances for major asset and liability categories measured at fair value on a recurring basis using significant unobservable inputs (Level 3) for the three and six months ended June 30, 2012 and 2011:
(1) Total gains or losses represent the total realized and unrealized gains and losses recorded for Level 3 assets and liabilities. Realized gains or losses are reported in the condensed consolidated statements of income.
(2) Unrealized gains or losses on investment securities are reported in accumulated other comprehensive loss, net of tax, in the condensed consolidated statements of changes in stockholders’ equity.
(3) Purchases, issuances, sales, and settlements represent Level 3 assets and liabilities that were either purchased, issued, sold, or settled during the period. The amounts are recorded at their end of period fair values.
(4) Transfers in and/or out represent existing assets and liabilities that were either previously categorized as a higher level and the inputs to the model became unobservable or assets and liabilities that were previously classified as Level 3 and the lowest significant input became observable during the period. These assets and liabilities are recorded at their end of period fair values.
(1) Total gains or losses represent the total realized and unrealized gains and losses recorded for Level 3 assets and liabilities. Realized gains or losses are reported in the condensed consolidated statements of income.
(2) Unrealized gains or losses on investment securities are reported in accumulated other comprehensive loss, net of tax, in the condensed consolidated statements of changes in stockholders’ equity.
(3) Purchases, issuances, sales, and settlements represent Level 3 assets and liabilities that were either purchased, issued, sold, or settled during the period. The amounts are recorded at their end of period fair values.
(4) Transfers in and/or out represent existing assets and liabilities that were either previously categorized as a higher level and the inputs to the model became unobservable or assets and liabilities that were previously classified as Level 3 and the lowest significant input became observable during the period. These assets and liabilities are recorded at their end of period fair values.
Valuation Methodologies
Investment Securities Available-for-Sale—The fair values of available-for-sale investment securities are generally determined by prices obtained from independent external pricing service providers who have experience in valuing these securities or by comparison to the average of at least two quoted market prices obtained from independent external brokers. In obtaining such valuation information from third parties, the Company has reviewed the methodologies used to develop the resulting fair values.
The Company’s Level 3 available-for-sale securities include four pooled trust preferred securities. The fair values of these investment securities represent less than 1% of the total available-for-sale investment securities. The fair values of the pooled trust preferred securities have traditionally been based on the average of at least two quoted market prices obtained from independent external brokers since broker quotes in an active market are given the highest priority. As a result of the continued illiquidity in the pooled trust preferred securities market, it is the Company’s view that current broker prices (which are typically non-binding) on certain pooled trust preferred securities are based on forced liquidation or distressed sale values in very inactive markets that are not representative of the fair value of these securities. As such, the Company considered what weight, if any, to place on transactions that are not orderly when estimating fair value.
For the pooled trust preferred securities, the fair value was derived based on discounted cash flow analyses (the income method) prepared by management. In order to determine the appropriate discount rate used in calculating fair values derived from the income method for the pooled trust preferred securities, the Company has made assumptions using an exit price approach related to the implied rate of return which have been adjusted for general changes in market rates, estimated changes in credit risk and liquidity risk premium, specific nonperformance, and default experience in the collateral underlying the securities. Significant increases (decreases) in any of those inputs in isolation would result in a significantly lower (higher) fair value measurement. Generally, a change in the assumption used for the probability of default is accompanied by a directionally similar change in the assumption used for credit risk and liquidity risk. The actual level 3 unobservable assumption rates used as of June 30, 2012 include: a constant prepayment rate of 0% for year 1-5 and 1% thereafter, a constant default rate of 1.2% for year 1-5 and 0.75% thereafter, and a recovery assumption of 0% for existing deferrals/defaults and 15% for future deferrals with a recovery lag of 60 months. The losses recorded in the period are recognized in noninterest income.
Derivative Liabilities—The Company’s derivative liabilities include derivatives payable that falls within Level 3 and all other derivative liabilities which fall within Level 2. The derivatives payable are recorded in conjunction with certain certificates of deposit (“host instrument”). These CD’s pay interest based on changes in either the Hang Seng China Enterprises Index (“HSCEI”) or based on changes in the Chinese currency Renminbi (“RMB”), as designated, and are included in interest-bearing deposits on the condensed consolidated balance sheets. The fair value of these embedded derivatives is based on the income approach. The payable is divided by the portion under FDIC insurance coverage and the non-insured portion. For the FDIC insured portion the Company applied a risk premium comparable to an agency security risk premium. For the non-insured portion, the Company considered its own credit risk in determining the valuation by applying a risk premium based on our institutional credit rating, which resulted in a nominal adjustment to the valuation of the derivative liabilities for the six months ended June 30, 2012. Significant increases (decreases) in any of those inputs in isolation would result in a significantly lower (higher) fair value measurement. The valuation of the derivatives payable falls within Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy since the significant inputs used in deriving the fair value of these derivative contracts are not directly observable. The actual level 3 unobservable input used as of June 30, 2012 was a credit risk adjustment with a range of 0.95% - 2.81%. The Level 2 derivative liabilities are mostly comprised of the off-setting interest rate swaps with other counterparties. Refer to “Interest Rate Swaps” within this footnote for complete discussion.
Equity Swap Agreements—The Company has entered into equity swap agreements to hedge against market fluctuations in a promotional equity index certificate of deposit product offered to bank customers. This deposit product, which has a term of 5 years, pays interest based on the performance of the HSCEI. The fair value of these equity swap agreements is based on the income approach. The fair value is based on the change in the value of the HSCEI and the volatility of the call option over the life of the individual swap agreement. The option value is derived based on the volatility, the interest rate and the time remaining to maturity of the call option. The Company’s consideration of its counterparty’s credit risk resulted in a nominal adjustment to the valuation of the equity swap agreements for the six months ended June 30, 2012. The valuation of equity swap agreements falls within Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy due to the observable nature of the inputs used in deriving the fair value of these derivative contracts. The fair value of the derivative contracts is provided by a third party.
Foreign Exchange Options—The Company has entered into foreign exchange option contracts with major investment firms. The settlement amount is determined based upon the performance of the Chinese currency RMB relative to the U.S. Dollar (“USD”) over the 5-year term of the contract. The performance amount is computed based on the average quarterly value of the RMB per the USD as compared to the initial value. The fair value of the derivative contract is provided by third parties and is determined based on the change in the RMB and the volatility of the option over the life of the agreement. The option value is derived based on the volatility of the option, interest rate, currency rate and time remaining to maturity. The Company’s consideration of the counterparty’s credit risk resulted in an adjustment of $0.1 million to the valuation of the foreign exchange options for the six months ended June 30, 2012. The valuation of the option contract falls within Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy due to the observable nature of the inputs used in deriving the fair value of this derivative contract.
Interest Rate Swaps—The Company has entered into a pay-fixed, receive-variable swap contracts with institutional counterparties to hedge against interest rate swap products offered to bank customers. This product allows borrowers to lock in attractive intermediate and long-term interest rates by entering into a pay-fixed, receive-variable swap contract with the Company, resulting in the customer obtaining a synthetic fixed rate loan. The Company has also entered into pay-variable, receive-fixed swap contracts with institutional counterparties to hedge against certificates of deposit issued. This product allows the Company to lock in attractive floating rate funding. The fair value of the interest rate swap contracts is based on a discounted cash flow approach. The Company’s consideration of the counterparty’s credit resulted in a $0.8 million adjustment to the valuation of the interest rate swaps for the six months ended June 30, 2012. The valuation of the interest rate swap falls within Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy due to the observable nature of the inputs used in deriving the fair value of this derivative contract.
Short-term Foreign Exchange Contracts—The Company entered into short-term foreign exchange contracts to purchase/sell foreign currencies at set rates in the future. These contracts economically hedge against foreign exchange rate fluctuations. The Company enters into contracts with institutional counterparties to hedge against foreign exchange products offered to bank customers. These products allow customers to hedge the foreign exchange risk of their deposits and loans denominated in foreign currencies. The Company does not assume any foreign exchange rate risk as the contract with the customer and the contract with the institutional party mirror each other. The fair value is determined at each reporting period based on the change in the foreign exchange rate. Given the short term nature of the contracts, the counterparties’ credit risks are considered nominal and resulted in no adjustments to the valuation of the short-term foreign exchange contracts for the six months ended June 30, 2012. The valuation of the contract falls within Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy due to the observable nature of the inputs used in deriving the fair value of this derivative contract.
Impaired Loans—The Company’s impaired loans are generally measured using the fair value of the underlying collateral, which is determined based on the most recent valuation information received. The fair values may be adjusted as needed based on factors such as the Company’s historical knowledge and changes in market conditions from the time of valuation. Impaired loans fall within Level 2 or Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy as appropriate. Level 2 values are measured at fair value based on the most recent valuation information received on the underlying collateral. Level 3 values, additionally include adjustments by the Company for historical knowledge and for changes in market conditions.
Other Real Estate Owned—The Company’s OREO represents properties acquired through foreclosure or through full or partial satisfaction of loans and are recorded at estimated fair value less cost to sell at the time of foreclosure and at the lower of cost or estimated fair value less cost to sell subsequent to acquisition. The fair values of OREO properties are based on third party appraisals, broker price opinions or accepted written offers. These valuations are reviewed and approved by the Company’s appraisal department, credit review department, or OREO department. OREO properties are classified as Level 2 assets in the fair value hierarchy. The non-covered OREO balance of $43.2 million and the covered OREO balance of $35.6 million are included in the condensed consolidated balance sheets as of June 30, 2012.
Loans Held for Sale—The Company’s loans held for sale are carried at the lower of cost or market value. These loans are currently comprised of mostly student loans. For those loans, the fair value of loans held for sale is derived from current market prices and comparative current sales. For the remainder of the loans held for sale, which fall within Level 2, the fair value is derived from third party sale analysis, existing sale agreements, or appraisal reports on the loans’ underlying collateral. As such, the Company records any fair value adjustments on a nonrecurring basis.
Fair Value of Financial Instruments
The carrying amounts and fair values of the Company’s financial instruments as of June 30, 2012 and December 31, 2011 were as follows:
The following table shows the level in the fair value hierarchy for the estimated fair values of only financial instruments that are not already on the condensed consolidated balance sheets at fair value at June 30, 2012 and December 31, 2011.
The methods and assumptions used to estimate the fair value of each class of financial instruments for which it is practicable to estimate that value are explained below:
Cash and Cash Equivalents—The carrying amounts approximate fair values due to the short-term nature of these instruments. Due to the short term nature, the estimated fair value is considered to be within Level 1 of the fair value hierarchy.
Short-Term Investments—The fair values of short-term investments generally approximate their book values due to their short maturities. Due to the observable nature of the inputs used in deriving the estimated fair value of these instruments, the estimate is considered to be within Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy.
Federal Funds Sold—The carrying amounts approximate fair values due to the short-term nature of these instruments, as such due to the observable nature of the inputs used in deriving the estimated fair value these instruments are considered to be within Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy.
Securities Purchased Under Resale Agreements—Securities purchased under resale agreements with original maturities of 90 days or less are included in cash and cash equivalents. The fair value of securities purchased under resale agreements with original maturities of more than 90 days is estimated by discounting the cash flows based on expected maturities or repricing dates utilizing estimated market discount rates. Due to the observable nature of the inputs used in deriving the estimated fair value of these instruments, the estimate is considered to be within Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy.
Investment Securities Available-for-Sale—The fair values of the investment securities available-for-sale are generally determined by reference to the average of at least two quoted market prices obtained from independent external brokers or independent external pricing service providers who have experience in valuing these securities. In obtaining such valuation information from third parties, the Company has reviewed the methodologies used to develop the resulting fair values. For pooled trust preferred securities, fair values are based on discounted cash flow analyses. Due to the unobservable inputs used within the discounted cash flow analysis, the estimate for pooled trust preferred securities is considered to be within Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy. The remainder of the portfolio is classified within Level 1 and Level 2, as discussed earlier in this footnote.
Loans Held for Sale—The fair value of loans held for sale is derived from current market prices and comparative current sales or from third party sale analysis, existing sale agreements, or appraisal reports on the loans’ underlying collateral, as applicable. Due to the observable nature of the inputs used in deriving the estimated fair value of these instruments, the estimate is considered to be within Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy.
Loans Receivable, net (includes covered and non-covered loans)—The fair value of loans is determined based on a discounted cash flow approach considered for an entry price value. The discount rate is derived from the associated yield curve plus spreads, and reflects the offering rates in the market for loans with similar financial characteristics. No adjustments have been made for changes in credit within the loan portfolio. It is management’s opinion that the allowance for loan losses pertaining to performing and nonperforming loans results in a fair valuation of credit for such loans. Due to the unobservable nature of the inputs used in deriving the estimated fair value of these instruments, the estimate is considered to be within Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy.
Investment in Federal Home Loan Bank Stock and Federal Reserve Bank Stock—The carrying amount approximates fair value, as the stock may be sold back to the Federal Home Loan Bank and the Federal Reserve Bank at carrying value. The valuation of these instruments is the carrying amount as these investments can only be sold and purchased from the Federal Home Loan Bank and Federal Reserve Bank respectively. The valuation of these investments is considered to be within Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy, as the restrictions and value of the investments are the same for all financial institutions which are required to hold these investments.
Accrued Interest Receivable—The carrying amounts approximate fair values due to the short-term nature of these instruments, as such due to the observable nature of the inputs used in deriving the estimated fair value these instruments are considered to be within Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy.
Equity Swap Agreements—The fair value of the derivative contracts is provided by a third party and is determined based on the change in value of the HSCEI and the volatility of the call option over the life of the individual swap agreement. The option value is derived based on the volatility of the option, interest rate, and time remaining to maturity. We also considered the counterparty’s credit risk in determining the fair value. Due to the observable nature of the inputs used in deriving the estimated fair value of these instruments, the estimate is considered to be within Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy.
Foreign Exchange Options—The fair value of the derivative contracts is provided by third parties and is determined based on the change in the RMB and the volatility of the option over the life of the agreement. The option value is derived based on the volatility of the option, interest rate, and time remaining to maturity. We also considered the counterparty’s credit risk in determining the fair value. Due to the observable nature of the inputs used in deriving the estimated fair value of these instruments, the estimate is considered to be within Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy.
Interest Rate Swaps—The fair value of the interest rate swap contracts is provided by a third party and is determined based on a discounted cash flow approach. The Company also considered the counterparty’s credit risk in determining the fair value. Due to the observable nature of the inputs used in deriving the estimated fair value of these instruments, the estimate is considered to be within Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy.
Short-term Foreign Exchange Contracts—The fair value of short-term foreign exchange contracts is determined based on the change in foreign exchange rate. We also considered the counterparty’s credit risk in determining the fair value. Due to the observable nature of the inputs used in deriving the estimated fair value of these instruments, the estimate is considered to be within Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy.
Customer Deposit Accounts—The carrying amounts approximate fair value for demand and interest checking deposits, savings deposits, and certain money market accounts as the amounts are payable on demand at the reporting date. Due to the observable nature of the inputs used in deriving the estimated fair value these instruments are considered to be within Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy. For time deposits, the cash flows are based on the contractual runoff and are discounted by the Bank’s current offering rates, plus spread. Due to the unobservable nature of the inputs used in deriving the estimated fair value of these instruments, the estimate is considered to be within Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy.
Federal Home Loan Bank Advances—The fair value of Federal Home Loan Bank (“FHLB”) advances is estimated based on the discounted value of contractual cash flows, using rates currently offered by the FHLB of San Francisco for fixed-rate credit advances with similar remaining maturities at each reporting date. Due to the observable nature of the inputs used in deriving the estimated fair value of these instruments, the estimate is considered to be within Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy.
Securities Sold Under Repurchase Agreements—For securities sold under repurchase agreements with original maturities of 90 days or less, the carrying amounts approximate fair values due to the short-term nature of these instruments. At June 30, 2012 and December 31, 2011, most of the securities sold under repurchase agreements are long-term in nature and the fair values of securities sold under repurchase agreements are calculated by discounting future cash flows based on expected maturities or repricing dates, utilizing estimated market discount rates, and taking into consideration the call features of each instrument. Due to the observable nature of the inputs used in deriving the estimated fair value of these instruments, the estimate is considered to be within Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy.
Accrued Interest Payable—The carrying amounts approximate fair values due to the short-term nature of these instruments, as such due to the observable nature of the inputs used in deriving the estimated fair value these instruments are considered to be within Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy.
Long-Term Debt—The fair values of long-term debt are estimated by discounting the cash flows through maturity based on current market rates the Bank would pay for new issuances. Due to the observable nature of the inputs used in deriving the estimated fair value of these instruments, the estimate is considered to be within Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy.
Derivatives Liabilities—The Company’s derivative liabilities include “derivatives payable” and all other derivative liabilities. The Company’s derivatives payable are recorded in conjunction with certain certificates of deposit (“host instrument”). These CD’s pay interest based on changes in either the HSCEI or based on changes in the RMB, as designated. The fair value of derivatives payable is estimated using the income approach. The payable is divided by the portion under FDIC insurance coverage and the non-insured portion. For the FDIC insured portion the Company applied the agency discount rate. For the non-insured portion, the Company considered its own credit risk in determining the valuation by applying a discount rate for our institutional credit rating, which resulted in a nominal adjustment to the valuation of the derivative liabilities for the six months ended June 30, 2012. The fair value of the interest rate swap contracts is provided by a third party and is determined based on a discounted cash flow approach. The Company also considered the counterparty’s credit risk in determining the fair value. Due to the observable nature of the inputs used in deriving the estimated fair value of the interest rate swaps within derivative liabilities, the estimate is considered to be within Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy. Due to the unobservable nature of the inputs used in deriving the estimated fair value of derivatives payable within derivative liabilities, this estimate is considered to be within Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy.
The fair value estimates presented herein are based on pertinent information available to management as of each reporting date. Although we are not aware of any factors that would significantly affect the estimated fair value amounts, such amounts have not been comprehensively revalued for purposes of these financial statements since that date, and therefore, current estimates of fair value may differ significantly from the amounts presented herein. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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NOTE 4 — STOCK-BASED COMPENSATION
During the three and six months ended June 30, 2012, total compensation expense recognized in the condensed consolidated statements of income related to both stock options and restricted stock awards reduced income before taxes by $4.1 million and $7.8 million, respectively, and net income by $2.4 million and $4.5 million, respectively.
During the three and six months ended June 30, 2011, total compensation expense recognized in the condensed consolidated statements of income related to both stock options and restricted stock awards reduced income before taxes by $3.3 million and $5.6 million, respectively, and net income by $1.9 million and $3.2 million, respectively.
The Company received $2.2 million and $2.9 million as of June 30, 2012 and June 30, 2011, respectively, in cash proceeds from stock option exercises. The net tax benefit recognized in equity for stock compensation plans was $157 thousand and $474 thousand for June 30, 2012 and June 30, 2011, respectively.
As of June 30, 2012, there are 4,366,140 shares available to be issued, subject to the Company’s current 1998 Stock Incentive Plan, as amended.
Stock Options
The Company issues fixed stock options to certain employees, officers, and directors. Stock options are issued at the current market price on the date of grant with a three-year or four-year vesting period and contractual terms of 7 or 10 years. The Company issues new shares upon the exercise of stock options.
A summary of activity for the Company’s stock options as of and for the six months ended June 30, 2012 is presented below:
A summary of changes in unvested stock options and related information for the six months ended June 30, 2012 is presented below:
The fair value of each option grant is estimated on the date of grant using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model with the following assumptions:
(1) The expected term (estimated period of time outstanding) of stock options granted was estimated using the historical exercise behavior of employees.
(2) The expected volatility was based on historical volatility for a period equal to the stock option’s expected term.
(3) The expected dividend yield is based on the Company’s prevailing dividend rate at the time of grant.
(4) The risk-free rate is based on the U.S. Treasury strips in effect at the time of grant equal to the stock option’s expected term.
(5) The Company did not issue any stock options during the three and six months ended June 30, 2012 and the three months ended June 30, 2011.
During the three and six months ended June 30, 2012 and 2011, information related to stock options is presented as follows:
(1) The Company did not issue any stock options during the three and six months ended June 30, 2012 and the three months ended June 30, 2011.
As of June 30, 2012, total unrecognized compensation cost related to stock options amounted to $55 thousand. The cost is expected to be recognized over a weighted average period of 1.1 years.
Restricted Stock Awards
In addition to stock options, the Company also grants restricted stock awards to directors, officers and employees. The restricted stock awards fully vest after one to five years of continued employment from the date of grant; some of the awards are also subject to achievement of certain established financial goals. The Company becomes entitled to an income tax deduction in an amount equal to the taxable income reported by the holders of the restricted stock when the restrictions are released and the shares are issued. Restricted stock awards are forfeited if officers and employees terminate prior to the lapsing of restrictions or if established financial goals are not achieved. The Company records forfeitures of issued restricted stock as treasury share repurchases.
A summary of the activity for the Company’s time-based and performance-based restricted stock awards as of June 30, 2012, including changes during the six months then ended, is presented below:
Restricted stock awards are valued at the closing price of the Company’s stock on the date of award. The weighted average fair values of time-based restricted stock awards granted during the period ended June 30, 2012 and 2011 were $21.67 and $21.02, respectively. The weighted average fair value of performance-based restricted stock awards granted during the period ended June 30, 2012 and 2011 were $22.05 and $23.11, respectively. The total fair value of time-based restricted stock awards vested for the three months ended June 30, 2012 and 2011 was $232 thousand and $846 thousand, respectively. The total fair value of time-based restricted stock awards vested for the six months ended June 30, 2012 and 2011 was $2.0 million and $2.5 million, respectively. The total fair value of performance-based restricted stock awards vested during the three and six months ended June 30, 2012 was a nominal amount, and $1.9 million, respectively. There were no performance-based restricted stock awards vested during the period ended June 30, 2011.
As of June 30, 2012, total unrecognized compensation cost related to time-based and performance-based restricted stock awards amounted to $11.1 million and $13.7 million, respectively. This cost is expected to be recognized over a weighted average period of 1.9 years and 2.3 years, respectively. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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NOTE 5 — INVESTMENT SECURITIES
An analysis of the investment securities available-for-sale portfolio is presented as follows:
(1) For the six months ended June 30, 2012, the Company recorded $99 thousand, on a pre-tax basis, of the credit portion of OTTI through earnings and $5.1 million of the non-credit portion of OTTI for pooled trust preferred securities in other comprehensive income. The Company recorded $633 thousand, on a pre-tax basis, of the credit portion of OTTI through earnings and $5.1 million of the non-credit portion of OTTI for pooled trust preferred securities and other mortgage-backed securities in other comprehensive income for the year ended December 31, 2011.
The fair values of investment securities are generally determined by reference to the average of at least two quoted market prices obtained from independent external brokers or prices obtained from independent external pricing service providers who have experience in valuing these securities. The Company performs a monthly analysis on the broker quotes received from third parties to ensure that the prices represent a reasonable estimate of fair value. The procedures include, but are not limited to, initial and ongoing review of third party pricing methodologies, review of pricing trends, and monitoring of trading volumes. The Company assesses whether the prices received from independent brokers represent a reasonable estimate of fair value through the use of internal and external cash flow models developed that are based on spreads and, when available, market indices. As a result of this analysis, if the Company determines there is a more appropriate fair value based upon available market data, the price received from third parties is adjusted accordingly.
Prices from third party pricing services are often unavailable for securities that are rarely traded or are traded only in privately negotiated transactions. As a result, certain securities are priced via independent broker quotations that utilize inputs that may be difficult to corroborate with observable market based data. Additionally, the majority of these independent broker quotations are non-binding.
As a result of the global financial crisis and illiquidity in the U.S. markets, the market for the pooled trust preferred securities has been inactive since mid-2007. It is the Company’s view that current broker prices (which are typically non-binding) on these securities are based on forced liquidation or distressed sale values in very inactive markets that are not representative of the fair value of these securities. As such, the Company considered what weight, if any, to place on transactions that are not orderly when estimating fair value. For the pooled trust preferred securities the Company determined their fair values using the methodologies set forth in Note 3 to the Company’s condensed consolidated financial statements presented elsewhere in this report.
The following table shows the Company’s rollforward of the amount related to OTTI credit losses for the periods shown:
During the three months ended June 30, 2012, the Company recorded $26.3 million of gross gains and $26.2 million of gross losses resulting in a net income statement impact of $71 thousand of gain on sale of investment securities. During the three months ended June 30, 2011, the Company recorded $1.7 million of gross gains and $563 thousand of gross losses resulting in a net income statement impact of $1.1 million of gain on sale of investment securities. Total net proceeds for these sales were $837.0 million and $215.0 million for the three months ended June 30, 2012 and 2011, respectively. During the six months ended June 30, 2012, the Company recorded $28.0 million of gross gains and $27.4 million of gross losses resulting in a net income statement impact of $554 thousand of gain on sale investment securities. During the six months ended June 30, 2011, the Company recorded $11.9 million of gross gains and $8.3 million of gross losses resulting in a net income statement impact of $3.6 million of gain on sale investment securities. Total net proceeds for these sales were $1.10 billion and $527.8 million for the six months ended June 30, 2012 and 2011, respectively. During the second quarter 2012, the Company reassessed the available for sales securities portfolio and elected to sell certain securities to reduce the exposure to specific industries within the corporate debt portfolio. This sale resulted in the greater gross loss for the period as compared to the prior periods.
The following tables show the Company’s investment portfolio’s gross unrealized losses and related fair values, aggregated by investment category and length of time that individual securities have been in a continuous unrealized loss position, as of June 30, 2012 and December 31, 2011:
Unrealized Losses
The majority of the unrealized losses related to securities that have been in a continuous loss position for less than twelve months is related to investment grade corporate debt securities. As of June 30, 2012, the Company had $426.1 million in investment grade corporate debt securities available-for-sale, representing 23% of the total investment securities available-for-sale portfolio.
As of June 30, 2012, there were 20 individual securities that have been in a continuous unrealized loss position for twelve months or more. These securities are comprised of 5 positions in trust preferred securities with a total fair value of $10.4 million and 15 investment grade corporate debt securities with a fair value of $318.1 million. The unrealized losses on these securities are primarily attributed to the overall impact of the debt crisis in Europe, which has indirectly impacted both European and U.S. financial institutions in the corporate debt securities market. As of June 30, 2012, there were also 34 securities, not including the 20 securities above, which have been in a continuous unrealized loss position for less than twelve months. The securities in an unrealized loss position for less than twelve months include 18 residential agency mortgage-backed securities, 6 investment grade corporate debt securities, 6 government agency securities, 3 U.S. Treasury securities, and 1 municipal security. The issuers of these securities have not, to our knowledge, established any cause to believe the Company will not be able to collect all amounts due on these securities. These securities have fluctuated in value since their purchase dates as market interest rates have fluctuated. The Company does not intend to sell these securities and it is not more likely than not that the company will be required to sell these securities before recovery of their current amortized cost basis. As such, the Company does not deem these securities, other than those previously stated, to be other-than-temporarily impaired as of June 30, 2012.
Corporate Debt Securities
Corporate debt securities were reduced by $663.6 million during the three months ended June 30, 2012, primarily due to sales. During the second quarter 2012, the Company reassessed the portfolio and elected to sell these securities to reduce the exposure to specific industries within the corporate debt portfolio. For the remainder of the corporate debt portfolio held as of June 30, 2012 the Company has the intent and ability to hold these securities and it is not more likely than not that the Company will be required to sell the securities before it recovers the cost basis of its investment.
The unrealized losses related to securities that have been in a continuous loss position of twelve months or longer are related to 5 positions in trust preferred debt securities and 15 investment grade corporate debt securities. As of June 30, 2012, these 5 positions in trust preferred securities had an estimated fair value of $10.4 million, representing less than 1% of the total investment securities available-for-sale portfolio. As of June 30, 2012, these non-investment grade trust preferred debt securities had gross unrealized losses amounting to $9.8 million, or 49% of the total amortized cost basis of these securities, comprised of $4.7 million in unrealized losses on securities that are not other-than-temporarily impaired and $5.1 million in noncredit-related impairment losses on securities that are other-than-temporarily impaired as of June 30, 2012 pursuant to the provisions of ASC 320-10-65. We recorded an impairment loss of $99 thousand on our portfolio of pooled trust preferred securities during the first six months of 2012 for additional increases to the amount related to the credit loss for which an other-than-temporary impairment was previously recognized.
The scheduled maturities of investment securities at June 30, 2012 are presented as follows:
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NOTE 6 — DERIVATIVE FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS
The following table summarizes the fair value and balance sheet classification of derivative instruments as of June 30, 2012 and December 31, 2011. The notional amount of the contract is not recorded on the condensed consolidated balance sheets, but is used as the basis for determining the amount of interest payments to be exchanged between the counterparties. If the counterparty fails to perform, the Company’s counterparty credit risk is equal to the amount reported as a derivative asset. The valuation methodology of derivative instruments is disclosed in Note 3 to the Company’s condensed consolidated financial statements presented elsewhere in this report.
(1) Derivative assets, which are a component of other assets, include the estimated settlement of the derivative asset position. Derivative liabilities, which are a component of other liabilities and deposits, include the estimated settlement of the derivative liability position.
Derivatives Designated as Hedging Instruments
Interest Rate Swaps on Certificates of Deposit—The Company is exposed to changes in the fair value of certain of its fixed-rate certificates of deposit due to changes in the benchmark interest rate, LIBOR. During 2011, the Company entered into four $50.0 million receive-fixed, pay-variable interest rate swaps with major brokerage firms as fair value hedges of four $50.0 million fixed-rate certificates of deposit with the same maturity dates. In the second quarter of 2012, two of these fair value hedge interest rate swaps, with total notional amount of $100.0 million, were called by the counterparties. As a result, the Company exercised the right to call the underlying certificates of deposit. Interest rate swaps designated as fair value hedges involve the receipt of fixed-rate amounts from a counterparty in exchange for the Company making variable-rate payments over the life of the agreements without the exchange of the underlying notional amount. As of June 30, 2012 and December 31, 2011 the total notional amount of the interest rate swaps on the certificates of deposit was $100.0 million and $200.0 million, respectively. The fair value of the interest rate swaps amounted to a $702 thousand asset, as of June 30, 2012. The fair value of the interest rate swaps amounted to a $998 thousand asset and $639 thousand liability, respectively, as of December 31, 2011. During the three and six months ended June 30, 2012, the Company recognized a net reduction of $1.1 million and $1.9 million, respectively, in expense related to hedge ineffectiveness. The Company also recognized a net reduction to interest expense of $1.1 million and $2.6 million, respectively, for the three and six months ended June 30, 2012 related to net settlements on the derivatives.
Derivatives Not Designated as Hedging Instruments
Equity Swap Agreements—In December 2007, the Company entered into two equity swap agreements with a major investment brokerage firm to economically hedge against market fluctuations in a promotional equity index certificate of deposit product offered to bank customers which has a term of 5 years and pays interest based on the performance of the HSCEI. Under ASC 815, a certificate of deposit that pays interest based on changes in an equity index is a hybrid instrument with an embedded derivative (i.e. equity call option) that must be accounted for separately from the host contract (i.e. the certificate of deposit). In accordance with ASC 815, both the embedded equity call options on the certificates of deposit and the freestanding equity swap agreements are marked-to-market each reporting period with resulting changes in fair value recorded in the condensed consolidated statements of income. As of both June 30, 2012 and December 31, 2011, the notional amounts of the equity swap agreements totaled $22.7 million.
The fair values of the equity swap agreements and embedded derivative liability for these derivative contracts amounted to $204 thousand asset and $204 thousand liability, respectively, as of June 30, 2012, compared to $202 thousand asset and $204 thousand liability, respectively, as of December 31, 2011.
Foreign Exchange Options—During 2010, the Company entered into foreign exchange option contracts with major brokerage firms to economically hedge against currency exchange rate fluctuations in a certificate of deposit product available to bank customers. This product, which has a term of 5 years, pays interest based on the performance of the Chinese currency Renminbi (“RMB”) relative to the U.S. Dollar. Under ASC 815, a certificate of deposit that pays interest based on changes in currency exchange rates is a hybrid instrument with an embedded derivative that must be accounted for separately from the host contract (i.e. the certificate of deposit). In accordance with ASC 815, both the embedded derivative instruments and the freestanding foreign exchange option contracts are marked-to-market each reporting period with resulting changes in fair value reported in the condensed consolidated statements of income.
As of June 30, 2012 and December 31, 2011, the notional amount of the foreign exchange options totaled $85.6 million and $85.6 million, respectively. The fair values of the foreign exchange options and embedded derivative liability for these contracts amounted to a $4.3 million asset and a $2.6 million liability, respectively, as of June 30, 2012. The fair values of the foreign exchange options and embedded derivative liability for these contracts amounted to a $3.9 million asset and $2.4 million liability, respectively, as of December 31, 2011.
Interest Rate Swaps—Since the fourth quarter of 2010, the Company has entered into pay-fixed, receive-variable swap contracts with institutional counterparties to economically hedge against interest rate swap products offered to bank customers. This product allows borrowers to lock in attractive intermediate and long-term interest rates by entering into a pay-fixed, receive-variable swap contract with the Company, resulting in the customer obtaining a synthetic fixed rate loan. The Company does not assume any interest rate risk since the swap agreements mirror each other. As of June 30, 2012 and December 31, 2011 the notional amount of the interest rate swaps with the institutional counterparties totaled $741.0 million and $485.2 million, respectively. The interest rate swap agreements are marked-to-market each reporting period with resulting changes in fair value reported in the condensed consolidated statements of income.
The fair values of the interest rate swap contracts with the institutional counterparty and the bank customers amounted to a $27.9 million asset and $28.6 million liability, respectively, as of June 30, 2012. The fair values of the interest rate swap contracts with the institutional counterparty and the bank customers amounted to a $19.5 million asset and $19.9 million liability, respectively, as of December 31, 2011.
Short-term Foreign Exchange Contracts—The Company also enters into short-term forward foreign exchange contracts on a regular basis to economically hedge against foreign exchange rate fluctuations. As of June 30, 2012 and December 31, 2011 the notional amount of the foreign exchange contracts totaled $92.1 million and $210.3 million, respectively. The fair values of the foreign exchange contracts amounted to an $877 thousand asset and a $290 thousand liability, respectively, as of June 30, 2012. The fair values of the foreign exchange contracts amounted to a $1.4 million asset and $967 thousand liability, respectively, as of December 31, 2011.
The table below presents the effect of the change in fair value for the Company’s derivative financial instruments on the condensed consolidated statements of income for the three and six months ended June 30, 2012 and 2011:
Credit Risk-Related Contingent Features—The Company has agreements with some of its derivative counterparties that contain a provision where if the Company defaults on any of its indebtedness, including default where repayment of the indebtedness has not been accelerated by the lender, then the Company could also be declared in default on its derivative obligations.
The Company also has agreements with some of its derivative counterparties that contain a provision where if the Company fails to maintain its status as a well/adequately capitalized institution, then the counterparty could terminate the derivative positions and the Company would be required to settle its obligations under the agreements. Similarly, the Company could be required to settle its obligations under certain of its agreements if the Company was issued a notice of prompt corrective action.
As of June 30, 2012, the termination value of derivatives in a net liability position, which includes accrued interest but excludes any adjustment for nonperformance risk, related to these agreements was $28.0 million. If the Company had breached any of these provisions at June 30, 2012, it could have been required to settle its obligations under the agreements at the termination value. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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NOTE 7 — COVERED ASSETS AND FDIC INDEMNIFICATION ASSET
Covered Assets
Covered assets consist of loans receivable and OREO that were acquired in the Washington First International Bank (“WFIB”) Acquisition on June 11, 2010 and in the United Commercial Bank (“UCB”) Acquisition on November 6, 2009 for which the Company entered into shared-loss agreements (the “shared-loss agreements”) with the FDIC. The shared-loss agreements covered over 99% of the loans originated by WFIB and all of the loans originated by UCB, excluding the loans originated by UCB in China under its United Commercial Bank China (Limited) subsidiary. The Company shares in the losses, which began with the first dollar of loss incurred, on covered assets under the shared-loss agreements.
Pursuant to the terms of the shared-loss agreements, the FDIC is obligated to reimburse the Company 80% of eligible losses for both WFIB and UCB with respect to covered assets. For the UCB covered assets, the FDIC will reimburse the Company for 95% of eligible losses in excess of $2.05 billion. The Company has a corresponding obligation to reimburse the FDIC for 80% or 95%, as applicable, of eligible recoveries with respect to covered assets. The commercial loan shared-loss agreement and single-family residential mortgage loan shared-loss agreement are in effect for 5 years and 10 years, respectively, from the acquisition date and the loss recovery provisions are in effect for 8 years and 10 years, respectively, from the acquisition date.
Forty-five days following the 10th anniversary of the respective acquisition date, the Company will be required to pay to the FDIC a calculated amount, based on the specific thresholds of losses not being reached. The calculation of this potential liability as stated in the shared-loss agreements is 50% of the excess, if any of (i) 20% of the Intrinsic Loss Estimate and (ii) the sum of (A) 25% of the asset discount plus (B) 25% of the Cumulative Shared-Loss Payments plus (C) the Cumulative Servicing Amount if net losses on covered loans subject to the stated threshold is not reached. As of June 30, 2012 and December 31, 2011, the Company’s estimate for this liability to the FDIC for WFIB and UCB was $17.7 million and $10.7 million, respectively.
At each date of acquisition, we accounted for the loan portfolio acquired from the respective bank at fair value. This represents the discounted value of the expected cash flows from the portfolio. In estimating the nonaccretable difference, we (a) calculated the contractual amount and timing of undiscounted principal and interest payments (the “undiscounted contractual cash flows”) and (b) estimated the amount and timing of undiscounted expected principal and interest payments (the “undiscounted expected cash flows”). In the determination of contractual cash flows and cash flows expected to be collected, we assume no prepayment on the ASC 310-30 nonaccrual loan pools as we do not anticipate any significant prepayments on credit impaired loans. For the ASC 310-30 accrual loans for single-family, multifamily and commercial real estate, we used a third party vendor to obtain prepayment speeds in order to be consistent with market participant’s information. The third party vendor is recognized in the mortgage-industry for the delivery of prepayment and default models for the secondary market to identify loan level prepayment, delinquency, default, and loss propensities. The prepayment rates for the construction, land, and commercial and consumer pools have historically been low and so we applied the prepayment assumptions of our current portfolio using our internal modeling. The difference between the undiscounted contractual cash flows and the undiscounted expected cash flows is the nonaccretable difference. The nonaccretable difference represents our estimate of the credit losses expected and was considered in determining the fair value of the loans as of the acquisition date. The amount by which the undiscounted expected cash flows exceed the estimated fair value (the “accretable yield”) is accreted into interest income over the life of the loans. The Company has elected to account for all covered loans acquired in the FDIC-assisted acquisitions under ASC 310-30.
The carrying amounts and the composition of the covered loans as of June 30, 2012 and December 31, 2011 are as follows:
Credit Quality Indicators—At each respective acquisition date, the covered loans were grouped into pools of loans with similar characteristics and risk factors per ASC 310-30. The pools were first developed based on loan categories and performance status. As of June 30, 2012, UCB covered loans represent approximately 94% of total covered loans. For the UCB acquisition, the loans were further segregated among the former UCB domestic, Hong Kong, and China portfolios, representing the three general geographic regions. In addition, the Company evaluated the make-up of geographic regions within the construction, land, and multi-family loan portfolios and further segregated these pools into distressed and non-distressed regions based on our historical experience of real estate loans within the non-covered portfolio. As of the date of acquisition 64% of the UCB portfolio was located in California, 10% was located in Hong Kong and 11% was located in New York. This assessment was factored into the day one valuation and discount applied to the loans. As such, geographic concentration risk is considered in the covered loan discount. As of June 30, 2012, credit related to the covered loans has not deteriorated beyond the fair value at acquisition date.
Loans are risk rated based on analysis of the current state of the borrower’s credit quality. The analysis of credit quality includes review of all sources of repayment, the borrower’s current financial and liquidity status, and all other relevant information. The Company utilizes an eight grade risk rating system, where a higher grade represents a higher level of credit risk. The eight grade risk rating system can be generally classified by the following categories: Pass or Watch, Special Mention, Substandard, Doubtful, and Loss. The risk ratings reflect the relative strength of the sources of repayment. Refer to Note 8 for full discussion of risk ratings.
The Company reduced the nonaccretable difference due to the performance of the portfolio and expectation for the inherent losses in the portfolio in the fourth quarter of 2010. By lowering the nonaccretable discount, the overall accretable yield will increase thus increasing the interest income recognized over the remaining life of the loans. This reduction was primarily calculated based on the risk ratings of the loans. If credit deteriorates beyond the respective acquisition date fair value amount of the covered loans under ASC 310-30, such deterioration will be reserved for and a provision for credit losses will be charged to earnings with a partially offsetting noninterest income item reflected in the increase to the FDIC indemnification asset or receivable. As of June 30, 2012, there is no allowance for the covered loans accounted for under ASC 310-30 related to deterioration as the credit has not deteriorated beyond fair value at acquisition date.
As of the acquisition date, WFIB’s and UCB’s loan portfolios included unfunded commitments for commercial lines of credit, construction draws and other lending activity. The total commitment outstanding as of the acquisition date is covered under the shared-loss agreements. However, any additional advances on these loans subsequent to acquisition date are not accounted for under ASC 310-30. Included in the table below are $494.4 million of additional advances under the shared-loss agreements which are not accounted for under ASC 310-30. The Bank has considered these additional advances on commitments covered under the shared-loss agreements in the allowance for loan losses calculation. These additional advances are within our loan segments as follows: $324.5 million of commercial and industrial loans, $124.1 million of commercial real estate loans, $34.3 million of consumer loans and $11.5 million of residential loans. As of June 30, 2012, $7.2 million, or 3.2%, of the total allowance is allocated to these additional advances on loans covered under the shared-loss agreements. This $7.2 million in allowance is allocated within our loan segments as follows: $4.3 million for commercial real estate loans, $2.6 million for commercial and industrial loans, $187 thousand for consumer loans and $121 thousand for residential loans.
The tables below present the covered loan portfolio by credit quality indicator as of June 30, 2012 and December 31, 2011.
As of June 30, 2012 and December 31, 2011, $202.5 million and $194.5 million, respectively, of the ASC 310-30 credit impaired loans were considered to be nonaccrual loans in accordance with the contractual terms of the individual loans.
The following table sets forth information regarding covered nonperforming assets as of the dates indicated:
(1) Covered nonaccrual loans meet the criteria for nonaccrual but have a yield accreted through interest income under ASC 310-30. (2) Represents principal balance net of discount.
As of June 30, 2012, we had 61 covered OREO properties with a combined aggregate carrying value of $35.6 million. Approximately 62% and 20% of covered OREO properties as of June 30, 2012 were located in California and Washington, respectively. As of December 31, 2011, we had 82 covered OREO properties with an aggregate carrying value of $63.6 million. During the first six months of 2012, 37 properties with an aggregate carrying value of $20.8 million were added through foreclosure. The carrying value at June 30, 2012 is net of write-downs on covered OREO of $7.8 million. During the first six months of 2012, we sold 58 covered OREO properties for total proceeds of $44.0 million resulting in a total net gain on sale of $3.0 million.
Changes in the accretable yield for the covered loans are as follows for the periods shown:
The excess of cash flows expected to be collected over the initial fair value of acquired loans is referred to as the accretable yield and is accreted into interest income over the estimated life of the acquired loans using the effective yield method. The accretable yield will change due to:
· estimate of the remaining life of acquired loans which may change the amount of future interest income;
· estimate of the amount of contractually required principal and interest payments over the estimated life that will not be collected (the nonaccretable difference); and
· indices for acquired loans with variable rates of interest.
From December 31, 2011 to June 30, 2012, excluding scheduled principal payments, a total of $459.0 million of loans were removed from the covered loans accounted under ASC 310-30 due to loans being paid in full, sold, transferred to covered OREO or charged-off. Interest income was adjusted by $42.4 million related to payoffs and removals offset by charge-offs.
From December 31, 2010 to June 30, 2011, excluding scheduled principal payments, a total of $521.4 million of loans were removed from the covered loans accounted under ASC 310-30 due to loans being paid in full, sold, transferred to covered OREO or charged-off. Interest income was adjusted by $55.4 million related to payoffs and removals offset by charge-offs.
FDIC Indemnification Asset
Due to the fourth quarter 2010 reduction of the nonaccretable difference on the UCB covered loan portfolio, the expected reimbursement from the FDIC under the loss-sharing agreement decreased. As such, the Company is amortizing the difference between the recorded amount of the FDIC indemnification asset and the expected reimbursement from the FDIC over the life of the indemnification asset, in line with the improved accretable yield as discussed above. For the three and six months ended June 30, 2012, the Company recorded $7.8 million and $17.9 million, respectively, of amortization against income, compared to $15.4 million and $33.7 million of amortization for the three and six months ended June 30, 2011. For the three and six months ended June 30, 2012, the Company also recorded a reduction to the FDIC indemnification asset resulting from paydowns, payoffs, loan sales and charge-offs of $36.1 million and $77.0 million, respectively. For the three and six months ended June 30, 2011, the Company recorded reductions of $64.3 million and $120.9 million, respectively.
The table below shows FDIC indemnification asset activity for the periods shown:
(1) Reductions relate to cash flows received from principal amortization, partial prepayments, loan payoffs and loan sales.
(2) This represents the change in the calculated estimate the Company will be required to pay the FDIC at the end of the FDIC loss share agreements, due to lower thresholds of losses.
FDIC Receivable
As of June 30, 2012, the FDIC loss-sharing receivable was $69.6 million as compared to $76.6 million as of December 31, 2011. This receivable represents 80% of reimbursable amounts from the FDIC that have not yet been received. These reimbursable amounts include net charge-offs, loan-related expenses and OREO-related expenses. 100% of the loan-related and OREO expenses are recorded as noninterest expense, 80% of any reimbursable expense is recorded as noninterest income, netting to the 20% of actual expense paid by the Company. The FDIC also shares in 80% of recoveries received. Thus, the FDIC receivable is reduced when we receive payment from the FDIC as well as when recoveries occur. The FDIC loss-sharing receivable is included in other assets on the condensed consolidated balance sheet. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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NOTE 8 — NON-COVERED LOANS AND ALLOWANCE FOR LOAN LOSSES
The following is a summary of loans receivable, excluding covered loans (“non-covered loans”) for the periods indicated:
Accrued interest on covered and non-covered loans receivable amounted to $70.2 million and $68.5 million at June 30, 2012 and December 31, 2011, respectively.
At June 30, 2012 and December 31, 2011, covered and non-covered loans receivable totaling $8.83 billion and $8.65 billion, respectively, were pledged to secure borrowings from the FHLB and the Federal Reserve Bank.
The Bank offers both fixed and adjustable rate (“ARM”) first mortgage loans secured by one-to-four unit residential properties located in its primary lending areas. The Bank originated $369.7 million and $294.7 million in new residential single-family loans during the six months ended June 30, 2012 and 2011, respectively.
The Bank also offers both fixed and ARM residential multifamily loan programs. For the six months ended June 30, 2012 and 2011, the Bank originated $52.7 million and $23.9 million, respectively, in multifamily residential loans. The Bank primarily offers ARM multifamily loan programs that have six-month, three-year, or five-year initial fixed periods. The Bank originates single family residential loans where limited verification or documentation of a borrower’s income is obtained. However, such loans are originated at an original loan to value ratio of below 65%. The Bank considers all of the single-family and multifamily loans originated to be prime loans and the underwriting criteria include minimum FICO scores, maximum loan-to-value ratios and minimum debt coverage ratios, as applicable. The Bank has single-family loans with interest-only features which represent less than 1% and 1% of total single-family loans at June 30, 2012 and December 31, 2011, respectively. Additionally, the Bank owns residential loans that were purchased several years ago that permit different repayment options. For these loans, there is the potential for negative amortization if the borrower so chooses. These residential loans that permit different repayment options represents less than 1%, and 1%, of total residential loans at June 30, 2012 and December 31, 2011, respectively. None of these loans were negatively amortizing as of June 30, 2012 and December 31, 2011.
In addition to residential lending, the Bank’s lending activities also include commercial real estate, commercial and industrial, and consumer lending. Our CRE lending activities include loans to finance income producing properties and also construction and land loans. Our C&I lending activities include commercial business financing for small and middle-market businesses in a wide spectrum of industries. Included in commercial business loans are loans for working capital, accounts receivable lines, inventory lines, small business administration loans, and lease financing. We also offer a variety of international trade finance services and products, including letters of credit, revolving lines of credit, import loans, bankers’ acceptances, working capital lines, domestic purchase financing, and pre-export financing. Consumer loans are primarily comprised of fully guaranteed student loans, home equity lines of credit, and auto loans.
All of the loans that the Bank originates are subject to its underwriting guidelines and loan origination standards. Management believes that the Bank’s underwriting criteria and procedures adequately consider the unique risks which may come from these products. The Bank conducts a variety of quality control procedures and periodic audits to ensure compliance with its origination standards, including criteria for lending and legal requirements.
Credit Risk and Concentrations—The real estate market in California, including the areas of Los Angeles, Riverside, San Bernardino, and Orange counties, where a significant portion of the Company’s loan customers are based, has been negatively impacted over the past few years. As of June 30, 2012, the Company had $3.74 billion in non-covered commercial real estate loans and $2.93 billion in non-covered residential loans, of which approximately 91% are secured by real properties located in California. Potential further deterioration in the real estate market generally and residential building in particular could result in additional loan charge-offs and provisions for loan losses in the future, which could have a material adverse effect on the Company’s financial condition, net income and capital. In addition, although most of the Company’s trade finance loans relate to trade in the greater China region, the majority of these loans are made to companies domiciled in the United States. A substantial portion of this business involves California based customers engaged in import and export activities. We offer export-import financing to various domestic and foreign customers; we also offer export loans which are guaranteed by the Export-Import Bank of the United States.
Purchased Loans—During the first six months of 2012, the Company purchased loans with an unpaid principal balance of $288.2 million and a carrying amount of $274.0 million. 98% of these loans are student loans which are guaranteed by the U.S. Department of Education and pose limited credit risk.
Loans Held for Sale—Loans held for sale totaled $137.8 million and $278.6 million as of June 30, 2012 and December 31, 2011, respectively. Loans held for sale are recorded at the lower of cost or fair market value. Fair market value, if lower than cost, is determined based on valuations obtained from market participants or the value of the underlying collateral. As of June 30, 2012, approximately 93% of these loans were student loans, the majority of which are guaranteed by the U.S. Department of Education. During the first six months of 2012, in total, net loans receivable of $21.3 million were reclassified to loans held for sale. Some of these loans were purchased by the Company with the intent to be held for investment; however, subsequent to their purchase, the Company’s intent for these loans changed and they were consequently reclassified to loans held for sale. Proceeds from sales of loans held for sale were $199.4 million in the first six months of 2012, resulting in net gains on sale of $9.3 million. Proceeds from sales of loans held for sale were $376.6 million in the first half of 2011 with $10.2 million net gains on sale.
Credit Quality Indicators—Loans are risk rated based on analysis of the current state of the borrower’s credit quality. The analysis of credit quality includes review of all sources of repayment, the borrower’s current financial and liquidity status, and all other relevant information. The Company utilizes an eight grade risk rating system, where a higher grade represents a higher level of credit risk. The eight grade risk rating system can be generally classified by the following categories: Pass or Watch, Special Mention, Substandard, Doubtful, and Loss. The risk ratings reflect the relative strength of the sources of repayment.
Pass or Watch loans are generally considered to have sufficient sources of repayment in order to repay the loan in full in accordance with all terms and conditions. These borrowers may have some credit risk that requires monitoring, but full repayment is expected. Special Mention loans are considered to have potential weaknesses that warrant closer attention by management. Special Mention is considered a transitory grade and, generally, the Company does not grade a loan as Special Mention for longer than six months. If any potential weaknesses are resolved, the loan is upgraded to a Pass or Watch grade. If negative trends in the borrower’s financial status or other information is presented that indicates the repayment sources may become inadequate, the loan is downgraded to a Substandard grade. Substandard loans are considered to have well-defined weaknesses that jeopardize the full and timely repayment of the loan. Substandard loans have a distinct possibility of loss if the deficiencies are not corrected. Additionally, when management has assessed a potential for loss but a distinct possibility of loss is not recognizable, the loan is still classified as Substandard. Doubtful loans have insufficient sources of repayment and a high probability of loss. Loss loans are considered to be uncollectible and of such little value that they are no longer considered bankable assets. These internal risk ratings are reviewed routinely and adjusted due to changes in borrower status and likelihood of loan repayment. The tables below present the non-covered loan portfolio by credit quality indicator as of June 30, 2012 and December 31, 2011. There were no Loss grade loans as of June 30, 2012 and December 31, 2011.
Nonaccrual and Past Due Loans—Loans are tracked by the number of days borrower payments are past due. The tables below present an aging analysis of nonaccrual loans, past due non-covered loans and loans held for sale, segregated by class of loans, as of June 30, 2012 and December 31, 2011:
Generally, loans 90 or more days past due are placed on nonaccrual status, at which point interest accrual is discontinued and all unpaid accrued interest is reversed against interest income. Additionally, loans that are not 90 or more days past due but have identified deficiencies, including delinquent TDR loans, are also placed on nonaccrual status. Nonaccrual loans totaled $112.4 million and $145.6 million at June 30, 2012 and December 31, 2011, respectively. Loans not 90 or more days past due totaled $21.2 million and $45.8 million as of June 30, 2012 and December 31, 2011, respectively, and were included in non-covered nonaccrual loans.
The following is a summary of interest income foregone on nonaccrual loans:
Troubled debt restructurings—A troubled debt restructuring (“TDR”) is a modification of the terms of a loan when the lender, for economic or legal reasons related to the borrower’s financial difficulties, grants a concession to the borrower. The concessions may be granted in various forms, including a below-market change in the stated interest rate, reduction in the loan balance or accrued interest, extension of the maturity date with a stated interest rate lower than the current market rate or note splits referred to as A/B notes. In A/B note restructurings, the original note is bifurcated into two notes where the A note represents the portion of the original loan which allows for acceptable loan-to-value and debt coverage on the collateral and is expected to be collected in full and the B note represents the portion of the original loan where there is a shortfall in value and is fully charged-off. The A/B note balance is comprised of the A note balances only. A notes are not disclosed as TDRs in years after the restructuring if the restructuring agreement specifies an interest rate equal to or greater than the rate that the Bank was willing to accept at the time of the restructuring for a new loan with comparable risk and the loan is not impaired based on the terms specified by the restructuring agreement.
TDRs may be designated as performing or nonperforming. A TDR may be designated as performing if the loan has demonstrated sustained performance under the modified terms. The period of sustained performance may include the periods prior to modification if prior performance met or exceeded the modified terms. For nonperforming restructured loans, the loan will remain on nonaccrual status until the borrower demonstrates a sustained period of performance, generally six consecutive months of payments. The Company had $69.8 million and $99.6 million in total performing restructured loans as of June 30, 2012 and December 31, 2011, respectively. Nonperforming restructured loans were $13.4 million and $38.9 million at June 30, 2012 and December 31, 2011, respectively. Included as TDRs were $11.2 million and $22.8 million of performing A/B notes as of June 30, 2012 and December 31, 2011, respectively. All TDRs are included in the balance of impaired loans.
The following table provides information on loans modified as of June 30, 2012 that were modified as TDRs during the six months ended June 30, 2012:
(1) Includes subsequent payments after modification and reflects the balance as of June 30, 2012. (2) The financial impact includes charge-offs and specific reserves recorded at modification date.
Potential TDRs are individually evaluated and the type of restructuring is selected based on the loan type and the circumstances of the borrower’s financial difficulty in order to maximize the bank’s recovery. As of June 30, 2012, modifications of residential TDRs, including single and multi-family loans, primarily included principal and/or interest deferments, rate reductions, extensions and A/B note splits. A/B note splits result in a partial charge-off or loss for the bank at the modification date. For the six months ended June 30, 2012 residential TDRs modified using principal and/or interest deferment and/or rate reductions totaled $4.1 million, as of June 30, 2012. For the six months ended June 30, 2012 residential TDRs modified using extensions and/or A/B note splits totaled $7.6 million, as of June 30, 2012. Commercial real estate TDRs, including income producing, construction and land loans, were primarily modified through A/B note splits, principal reductions and/or non-market interest rate changes with an impact of a partial charge-off or loss for the bank and reduction of interest collected over the life of the loan. Commercial real estate TDRs modified through A/B note splits, principal reductions and/or non-market interest changes totaled $4.1 million as of June 30, 2012. Commercial and industrial TDRs, including commercial business and trade finance loans, were restructured in various ways, including forbearance payments, principal deferment and/or maturity extensions with an impact of both a reduction of interest collected over the life of the loan and/or an extended time period for collection of principal and interest, for a total of $4.3 million as of June 30, 2012. Consumer TDRs, including student loans and other consumer loans, were restructured through principal deferments. Consumer TDRs modified through principal deferment totaled $108 thousand as of June 30, 2012. Performing TDRs at June 30, 2012 were comprised of $21.5 million in residential loans, $43.7 million in commercial real estate loans, $4.5 million in commercial and industrial loans and $108 thousand for consumer loans. Performing TDRs at December 31, 2011 were comprised of $19.1 million in residential loans, $60.2 million in commercial real estate loans and $20.3 million in commercial and industrial loans. Nonperforming TDRs at June 30, 2012 were comprised of $6.7 million in residential loans, $4.8 million in commercial real estate loans and $1.9 million in commercial and industrial loans. Nonperforming TDRs at December 31, 2011 were comprised of $2.7 million in residential loans, $34.6 million in commercial real estate loans and $1.6 million in commercial and industrial loans.
Subsequent to restructuring, a TDR that becomes delinquent, generally beyond 30 days for commercial and industrial, and commercial real estate and consumer loans, and beyond 90 days for residential loans, becomes nonaccrual and is considered to have defaulted. The following table provides information for loans modified as TDRs within the previous 12 months that have subsequently defaulted as of June 30, 2012 for the three and six months ended June 30, 2012.
(1) Included in the six months ended table is $456 thousand of recorded investment which has been charged-off and is not included in the condensed consolidated balance sheet as of June 30, 2012.
All TDRs are included in the impaired loan quarterly valuation allowance process. See the sections below Impaired Loans and Allowance for Loan Losses for the complete discussion. All portfolio segments of TDRs are reviewed for necessary specific reserves in the same manner as impaired loans of the same portfolio segment which have not been identified as TDRs. The modification of the terms of each TDR is considered in the current impairment analysis of the respective TDR. For all portfolio segments of delinquent TDRs and when the restructured loan is less than the recorded investment in the loan, the deficiency is charged-off against the allowance for loan losses. If the loan is a performing TDR the deficiency is included in the specific allowance, as appropriate. As of June 30, 2012, the allowance for loan losses associated with TDRs was $4.5 million for performing TDRs and $688 thousand for nonperforming TDRs. As of December 31, 2011, the allowance for loan losses associated with TDRs was $10.5 million for performing TDRs and $139 thousand for nonperforming TDRs.
Impaired Loans—A loan is considered impaired when, based on current information and events, it is probable that the Company will be unable to collect all scheduled payments of principal or interest due according to the original contractual terms of the loan agreement. Impaired loans include non-covered loans held for investment on nonaccrual status, regardless of the collateral coverage, and loans modified in a TDR.
The Bank’s loans are grouped into heterogeneous and homogeneous (mostly consumer loans) categories. Classified loans (graded Substandard or Doubtful) in the heterogeneous category are selected and evaluated for impairment on an individual basis. The Bank considers loans individually reviewed to be impaired if, based on current information and events, it is probable the Bank will not be able to collect all amounts due according to the original contractual terms of the loan agreement. Impaired loans are measured based on the present value of expected future cash flows discounted at the loan’s effective interest rate or, as an expedient, at the loan’s observable market price or the fair value of the collateral if the loan is collateral dependent, less costs to sell. When the value of an impaired loan is less than the recorded investment in the loan and the loan is classified as nonperforming, the deficiency is charged-off against the allowance for loan losses.
At June 30, 2012 and December 31, 2011, impaired loans totaled $172.6 million and $219.6 million, respectively. Impaired non-covered loans as of June 30, 2012 and December 31, 2011 are set forth in the following tables. The interest income recognized on impaired loans, excluding performing TDRs, is recognized on a cash basis when received.
(1) Excludes interest from performing TDRs.
Allowance for Loan Losses
The allowance consists of specific reserves and a general reserve. The Bank’s loans fall into heterogeneous and homogeneous (mostly consumer loans) categories. Impaired loans are subject to specific reserves. Loans in the homogeneous category, as well as non-impaired loans in the heterogeneous category, are evaluated as part of the general reserve. The general reserve is calculated by utilizing both quantitative and qualitative factors. There are different qualitative risks for the loans in each portfolio segment. As of June 30, 2012, the Residential and CRE segments’ predominant risk characteristic is the collateral and the geographic location of the property collateralizing the loan. The risk is qualitatively assessed based on the change in the real estate market in those geographic areas. The C&I segment’s predominant risk characteristics are global cash flows of the guarantors and businesses we lend to and economic and market conditions. Consumer loans, excluding the student loan portfolio guaranteed by the U.S. Department of Education, are largely comprised of home equity lines of credit, for which the predominant risk characteristic is the real estate collateral securing the loan.
Our methodology to determine the overall appropriateness of the allowance is based on a classification migration model and qualitative considerations. The migration analysis examines pools of loans having similar characteristics and analyzes their loss rates over a historical period. We utilize historical loss factors derived from trends and losses associated with each pool over a specified period of time. Based on this process, we assign loss factors to each loan grade within each pool of loans. Loss rates derived by the migration model are based predominantly on historical loss trends that may not be entirely indicative of the actual or inherent loss potential. As such, we utilize qualitative and environmental factors as adjusting mechanisms to supplement the historical results of the classification migration model. Qualitative considerations include, but are not limited to, prevailing economic or market conditions, relative risk profiles of various loan segments, volume concentrations, growth trends, delinquency and nonaccrual status, problem loan trends, and geographic concentrations. Qualitative and environmental factors are reflected as percentage adjustments and are added to the historical loss rates derived from the classified asset migration model to determine the appropriate allowance amount for each loan pool.
Covered Loans—As of the respective acquisition dates, WFIB’s and UCB’s loan portfolios included unfunded commitments for commercial lines of credit, construction draws and other lending activity. The total commitment outstanding as of the respective acquisition dates is covered under the shared-loss agreements. However, any additional advances on these loans subsequent to acquisition date are not accounted for under ASC 310-30. As additional advances on these commitments have occurred, the Bank has considered these amounts in the allowance for loan losses calculation. As of June 30, 2012 and December 31, 2011, $7.2 million, or 3.2% and $6.6 million, or 3.1%, respectively, of the total allowance is allocated to the allowance for loan losses on covered loans. The covered loans acquired are, and will continue to be, subject to the Bank’s internal and external credit review and monitoring. Credit deterioration, if any, beyond the respective acquisition date fair value amounts of the covered loans under ASC 310-30 will be separately measured and accounted for under ASC 310-30. If required, the establishment of an allowance for covered loans accounted for under ASC 310-30 will result in a charge to earnings with a partially offsetting noninterest income item reflected in the increase to the FDIC indemnification asset or receivable. As of June 30, 2012 and December 31, 2011, there is no allowance for the covered loans accounted for under ASC 310-30 due to deterioration of credit quality.
The Company recorded $33.6 million in loan loss provisions for the six months ended June 30, 2012, as compared to $53.0 million for the six months ended June 30, 2011. It is the Company’s policy to promptly charge-off the amount of impairment on a loan which represents the difference in the outstanding loan balance and the fair value of the collateral or discounted cash flow. Recoveries are recorded when payment is received on loans that were previously charged-off through the allowance for loan losses. For the six months ended June 30, 2012, the Company recorded $22.0 million in net charge-offs in comparison to $65.8 million for the six months ended June 30, 2011. The following tables detail activity in the allowance for loan losses, for both non-covered and covered loans, by portfolio segment for the three and six months ended June 30, 2012, and the year ended December 31, 2011. Allocation of a portion of the allowance to one segment of the loan portfolio does not preclude its availability to absorb losses in other segments.
(1) This allowance is related to drawdowns on commitments that were in existence as of the acquisition dates of WFIB and UCB and, therefore, are covered under the shared-loss agreements with the FDIC. Allowance on these subsequent drawdowns is accounted for as part of the allowance for loan losses. (2) The Company has elected to account for all covered loans acquired in the FDIC-assisted acquisitions under ASC 310-30.
The Company’s recorded investment in total loans receivable as of June 30, 2012 and December 31, 2011 related to each balance in the allowance for loan losses by portfolio segment and disaggregated on the basis of the Company’s impairment methodology is as follows:
(1) The Company has elected to account for all covered loans acquired in the FDIC-assisted acquisitions under ASC 310-30. The total principal balance is presented and excludes the purchase discount and any additional advances subsequent to acquisition date.
Allowance for Unfunded Loan Commitments, Off-Balance Sheet Credit Exposures and Recourse Provisions—The allowance for unfunded loan commitments, off-balance sheet credit exposures, and recourse provisions is maintained at a level believed by management to be sufficient to absorb estimated probable losses related to these unfunded credit facilities. The determination of the adequacy of the allowance is based on periodic evaluations of the unfunded credit facilities including an assessment of the probability of commitment usage, credit risk factors for loans outstanding to these same customers, and the terms and expiration dates of the unfunded credit facilities. As of June 30, 2012 and December 31, 2011, the allowance for unfunded loan commitments, off-balance sheet credit exposures, and recourse provisions amounted to $12.5 million and $11.0 million, respectively. Net adjustments to the allowance for unfunded loan commitments, off-balance sheet credit exposures, and recourse provisions are included in the provision for loan losses.
Loans serviced for others amounted to $1.85 billion and $2.10 billion at June 30, 2012 and December 31, 2011, respectively. These represent loans that have either been sold or securitized for which the Bank continues to provide servicing or has limited recourse. The majority of these loans are residential and CRE at June 30, 2012 and December 31, 2011. Of the total allowance for unfunded loan commitments, off-balance sheet credit exposures, and recourse provisions, $5.6 million and $4.4 million pertain to these loans as of June 30, 2012 and December 31, 2011, respectively. These loans are maintained off-balance sheet and are not included in the loans receivable balance. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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NOTE 9 — AFFORDABLE HOUSING PARTNERSHIPS AND OTHER INVESTMENTS
The Company invests in certain limited partnerships that are formed to develop and operate apartment complexes designed as high-quality affordable housing for lower income tenants throughout the United States. The Company’s ownership amount in each limited partnership varies. Each of the partnerships must meet the regulatory requirements for affordable housing for a minimum 15-year compliance period to fully utilize the tax credits. The Company is not the primary beneficiary and, therefore, not required to consolidate these entities. Depending on the ownership percentage and the influence the Company has on the limited partnership, the Company uses either the equity method or cost method of accounting. The limited partnerships are being amortized over the lives of the related tax credit. If the partnerships cease to qualify during the compliance period, the credits may be denied for any period in which the projects are not in compliance and a portion of the credits previously taken may be subject to recapture with interest. The balance of the investments in these entities was $181.9 million and $144.4 million at June 30, 2012 and December 31, 2011, respectively, and is included in investment in affordable housing partnerships in the condensed consolidated balance sheets.
The Company also invests in certain limited partnerships that qualify for Community Reinvestment Act (CRA) credits or that qualify for other types of tax credits. The Community Reinvestment Act encourages banks to meet the credit needs of their communities for housing and other purposes, particularly in neighborhoods with low or moderate incomes. The balance of CRA and other investments was $50.8 million and $49.7 million at June 30, 2012 and December 31, 2011, respectively, and is included in other assets in the condensed consolidated balance sheets.
The Company has unfunded commitments related to the affordable housing and other investments that are payable on demand. Total unfunded commitments for these investments were $99.1 million and $86.0 million at June 30, 2012 and December 31, 2011, respectively, and are recorded in accrued expenses and other liabilities in the condensed consolidated balance sheets. |
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NOTE 10 — PREMISES AND EQUIPMENT
At June 30, 2012, total premises and equipment was $179.8 million with accumulated depreciation and amortization of $64.2 million and a net value of $115.6 million. At December 31, 2011, total premises and equipment was $178.6 million with accumulated depreciation and amortization of $59.7 million and a net value of $118.9 million.
Capitalized assets are depreciated or amortized on a straight-line basis in accordance with the estimated useful life for each fixed asset class. The estimated useful life for furniture and fixtures is seven years, office equipment is five years, and twenty-five years for buildings and improvements. Leasehold improvements are amortized over the shorter of the term of the lease or useful life. |
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NOTE 11 — GOODWILL AND OTHER INTANGIBLE ASSETS
Goodwill
The carrying amount of goodwill remained at $337.4 million as of June 30, 2012 and December 31, 2011. Goodwill is tested for impairment on an annual basis as of December 31, or more frequently as events occur, or as current circumstances and conditions warrant. The Company records impairment write-downs as charges to noninterest expense and adjustments to the carrying value of goodwill. Subsequent reversals of goodwill impairment are prohibited.
As of June 30, 2012, the Company’s market capitalization based on total outstanding common and preferred shares was $3.47 billion and its total stockholders’ equity was $2.29 billion. The Company performed its annual impairment test as of December 31, 2011 to determine whether and to what extent, if any, recorded goodwill was impaired. The analysis compared the fair value of each of the reporting units, including goodwill, to the respective carrying amounts. If the carrying amount of the reporting unit, including goodwill, exceeds the fair value of that reporting unit, then further testing for goodwill impairment is performed.
Premiums on Acquired Deposits
The Company also has premiums on acquired deposits, which represent the intangible value of depositor relationships resulting from deposit liabilities assumed in various acquisitions. These intangibles are tested for impairment on an annual basis, or more frequently as events occur, or as current circumstances and conditions warrant. As of June 30, 2012 and December 31, 2011, the gross carrying amount of premiums on acquired deposits totaled $115.3 million and $117.6 million, respectively, and the related accumulated amortization totaled $53.8 million and $50.4 million, respectively. The decrease in the gross carrying value is due to the full amortization and removal of a specific premium acquired on deposits.
The Company amortizes premiums on acquired deposits based on the projected useful lives of the related deposits. Amortization expense of premiums on acquired deposits was $2.8 million and $3.1 million for the three months ended June 30, 2012 and 2011, respectively. Amortization expense of premiums on acquired deposits was $5.7 million and $6.3 million for the six months ended June 30, 2012 and 2011, respectively.
The following table provides the estimated future amortization expense of premiums on acquired deposits for the succeeding five years and thereafter:
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NOTE 12 — COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES
Credit Extensions—In the normal course of business, the Company has various outstanding commitments to extend credit that are not reflected in the accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements. As of June 30, 2012 and December 31, 2011, undisbursed loan commitments amounted to $2.32 billion and $2.19 billion, respectively. Commercial and standby letters of credit amounted to $1.97 billion and $1.64 billion as of June 30, 2012 and December 31, 2011, respectively.
Guarantees—From time to time, the Company sells or securitizes loans with recourse in the ordinary course of business. For loans that have been sold or securitized with recourse, the recourse component is considered a guarantee. When the Company sells or securitizes a loan with recourse, it commits to stand ready to perform if the loan defaults and to make payments to remedy the default. As of June 30, 2012, total loans sold or securitized with recourse amounted to $527.0 million and were comprised of $51.8 million in single-family loans with full recourse and $475.2 million in multifamily loans with limited recourse. In comparison, total loans sold or securitized with recourse amounted to $589.9 million at December 31, 2011 comprised of $54.5 million in single-family loans with full recourse and $535.4 million in multifamily loans with limited recourse. The recourse provision on multifamily loans varies by loan sale and is limited to 4% of the top loss on the underlying loans. The Company’s recourse reserve related to loan sales and securitizations totaled $5.6 million as of June 30, 2012 and $4.4 million as of December 31, 2011, and is included in accrued expenses and other liabilities in the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheets. Despite the challenging conditions in the real estate market, the Company continues to experience minimal losses from the single-family and multifamily loan portfolios.
The Company also sells or securitizes loans without recourse that may have to be subsequently repurchased if a defect that occurred during the loan origination process results in a violation of a representation or warranty made in connection with the securitization or sale of the loan. When a loan sold or securitized to an investor without recourse fails to perform according to its contractual terms, the investor will typically review the loan file to determine whether defects in the origination process occurred and if such defects give rise to a violation of a representation or warranty made to the investor in connection with the sale or securitization. If such a defect is identified, the Company may be required to either repurchase the loan or indemnify the investor for losses sustained. If there are no such defects, the Company has no commitment to repurchase the loan. As of June 30, 2012 and December 31, 2011, the amount of loans sold without recourse totaled $1.06 billion and $1.23 billion, respectively. Total loans securitized without recourse amounted to $260.7 million and $273.7 million, respectively, at June 30, 2012 and December 31, 2011. The loans sold or securitized without recourse represent the unpaid principal balance of the Company’s loans serviced for others portfolio.
Litigation—Neither the Company nor the Bank is involved in any material legal proceedings at June 30, 2012. The Bank, from time to time, is a party to litigation that arises in the ordinary course of business, such as claims to enforce liens, claims involving the origination and servicing of loans, and other issues related to the business of the Bank. After taking into consideration information furnished by counsel to the Company and the Bank, management believes that the resolution of such issues will not have a material adverse impact on the financial position, results of operations, or liquidity of the Company or the Bank.
Other Commitments—The Company has commitments to invest in affordable housing funds, and other investments qualifying for community reinvestment tax credits. These commitments are payable on demand. As of June 30, 2012 and December 31, 2011 these commitments were $99.1 million and $86.0 million, respectively. These commitments are recorded in accrued expenses and other liabilities in the condensed consolidated balance sheet. |
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NOTE 13 — STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY
Series A Preferred Stock Offering—In April 2008, the Company issued 200,000 shares of 8% Non-Cumulative Perpetual Convertible Preferred Stock, Series A (“Series A”), with a liquidation preference of $1,000 per share. The Company received $194.1 million of additional Tier 1 qualifying capital, after deducting stock issuance costs. The holders of the Series A preferred stock have the right at any time to convert each share of Series A preferred shares into 64.9942 shares of the Company’s common stock, plus cash in lieu of fractional shares. This represents an initial conversion price of approximately $15.39 per share of common stock or a 22.5% conversion premium based on the closing price of the Company’s common stock on April 23, 2008 of $12.56 per share. On or after May 1, 2013, the Company will have the right, under certain circumstances, to cause the Series A preferred shares to be converted into shares of the Company’s common stock. Dividends on the Series A preferred shares, if declared, will accrue and be payable quarterly in arrears at a rate per annum equal to 8% on the liquidation preference of $1,000 per share. The proceeds from this offering were used to augment the Company’s liquidity and capital positions and reduce its borrowings. As of June 30, 2012, 85,710 shares were outstanding.
Warrants—During 2008, in conjunction with the Series B preferred stock offering, the Company issued to the U.S. Treasury warrants with an initial price of $15.15 per share of common stock for which the warrants may be exercised, with an allocated fair value of $25.2 million. The warrants could be exercised at any time on or before December 5, 2018. On January 26, 2011 the Company repurchased the 1,517,555 warrants outstanding for $14.5 million.
Stock Repurchase Program—On January 19, 2012, the Company’s Board of Directors authorized a stock repurchase program to buy back up to $200.0 million of the Company’s common stock. During the first half of 2012, the Company repurchased 6,784,227 shares at a weighted average price of $22.08 per share. The Company did not repurchase any shares during the six months ended June 30, 2011.
Quarterly Dividends—In April 2012, the Company declared the payment of second quarter dividends of $20.00 per share on the Company’s Series A preferred stock, payable on or about May 1, 2012 to shareholders of record as of April 15, 2012. Total cash dividends paid in conjunction with the Company’s Series A preferred stock amounted to $1.7 million and $3.4 million during the three and six months ended June 30, 2012.
In April 2012, the Company’s Board of Directors also declared quarterly common stock cash dividends of $0.10 per share payable on or about May 24, 2012 to shareholders on record on May 10, 2012. Cash dividends totaling $14.5 million and $29.3 million were paid to the Company’s common shareholders during the three and six months ended June 30, 2012.
Earnings Per Share (“EPS”)—The number of shares outstanding at June 30, 2012 was 142,645,812. The Company applies the two-class method of computing basic EPS. Under the two-class method, EPS is determined for each class of common stock and participating security according to dividends declared and participation rights in undistributed earnings. The Company’s restricted stocks, which receive dividends as declared, qualify as participating securities. Restricted stock units issued by the Company are not considered participating securities, as they do not have dividend distribution rights during the vesting period. Diluted EPS is calculated on the basis of the weighted average number of shares outstanding during the period plus potential dilutive shares.
The following table sets forth earnings per share calculations for the three and six months ended June 30, 2012 and 2011:
The following outstanding stock options, and restricted stock awards for the three and six months ended June 30, 2012 and 2011, respectively, were excluded from the computation of diluted EPS because including them would have had an antidilutive effect.
(1) On April 1, 2012, the Company revised its calculation of earnings per share to account for participating securities under the two-class method. This revision to the earnings per share calculation does not have an impact to previous periods as the amounts are immaterial.
Accumulated Other Comprehensive (Loss) Income—As of June 30, 2012, total accumulated other comprehensive loss was ($15.9) million which includes the following components: net unrealized loss on securities available for sale of ($16.8) million and foreign exchange translation adjustment of $912 thousand. As of June 30, 2011, total accumulated other comprehensive income was $4.4 million which includes the following components: net unrealized gain on securities available for sale of $3.6 million and foreign exchange translation adjustment of $848 thousand.
Activity in accumulated other comprehensive (loss) income, net of tax, for the six months ended June 30, 2012 and 2011, was as follows:
The following table sets forth the tax effects allocated to each component of other comprehensive income for the three and six months ended June 30, 2012 and 2011:
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NOTE 14 — FEDERAL HOME LOAN BANK ADVANCES
Total outstanding Federal Home Loan Bank (“FHLB”) advances amounted to $362.9 million and $455.3 million at June 30, 2012 and December 31, 2011. During the six months ended June 30, 2012, the Company modified $300.0 million of fixed rate FHLB advances into adjustable rate advances, reducing the effective interest rate on these borrowings from 2.27% to 1.36%. As a result of the modification the Company incurred a $37.7 million modification cost which has been deferred and is being treated as a discount on the corresponding debt. |
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NOTE 15 — BUSINESS SEGMENTS
The Company utilizes an internal reporting system to measure the performance of various operating segments within the Bank and the Company overall. We have identified three operating segments for purposes of management reporting: 1) Retail Banking; 2) Commercial Banking; and 3) Other. These three business divisions meet the criteria of an operating segment: the segment engages in business activities from which it earns revenues and incurs expenses, and whose operating results are regularly reviewed by the Company’s chief operating decision-maker to make decisions about resources to be allocated to the segment and assess its performance and for which discrete financial information is available.
The Retail Banking segment focuses primarily on retail operations through the Bank’s branch network. The Commercial Banking segment, which includes commercial real estate, primarily generates commercial loans through the efforts of the commercial lending offices located in the Bank’s northern and southern California production offices. Furthermore, the Company’s Commercial Banking segment also offers a wide variety of international finance and trade services and products. The remaining centralized functions, including treasury activities and eliminations of intersegment amounts, have been aggregated and included in the Other segment, which provides broad administrative support to the two core segments.
The Company’s funds transfer pricing assumptions are intended to promote core deposit growth and to reflect the current risk profiles of various loan categories within the credit portfolio. Transfer pricing assumptions and methodologies are reviewed at least annually to ensure that the Company’s process is reflective of current market conditions. The transfer pricing process is formulated with the goal of incenting loan and deposit growth that is consistent with the Company’s overall growth objectives as well as to provide a reasonable and consistent basis for the measurement of the Company’s business segments and product net interest margins. The accounting policies of the segments are the same as those described in the summary of significant accounting policies. Operating segment results are based on the Company’s internal management reporting process, which reflects assignments and allocations of capital, certain operating and administrative costs, and the provision for loan losses. Net interest income is based on the Company’s internal funds transfer pricing system, which assigns a cost of funds or a credit for funds to assets or liabilities based on their type, maturity or repricing characteristics. Noninterest income and noninterest expense, including depreciation and amortization, directly attributable to a segment are assigned to that business. Indirect costs, including overhead expense, are allocated to the segments based on several factors, including, but not limited to, full-time equivalent employees, loan volume, and deposit volume. The provision for credit losses is allocated based on actual charge-offs for the period as well as average loan balances for each segment during the period. The Company evaluates overall performance based on profit or loss from operations before income taxes excluding nonrecurring gains and losses.
Changes in our management structure or reporting methodologies may result in changes in the measurement of operating segment results. Results for prior periods are generally restated for comparability for changes in management structure or reporting methodologies unless it is not deemed practicable to do so.
The following tables present the operating results and other key financial measures for the individual operating segments for the three and six months ended June 30, 2012 and 2011:
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NOTE 16 — SUBSEQUENT EVENTS
Dividend Payout
In July 2012, the Company’s Board of Directors approved the payment of third quarter dividends of $20.00 per share on the Company’s Series A preferred stock. The dividend is payable on or about August 1, 2012 to shareholders of record as of July 15, 2012. Additionally, the Board declared a quarterly dividend of $0.10 per share on the Company’s common stock payable on or about August 24, 2012 to shareholders of record as of August 10, 2012.
Stock Repurchase
Subsequent to June 30, 2012, the Company repurchased approximately $28.8 million worth of common stock, pursuant to the Stock Repurchase Plan approved in January 2012. |
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Derivative Financial Instruments—As part of its asset and liability management strategy, the Company uses derivative financial instruments to mitigate exposure to interest rate and foreign currency risks. All derivative instruments, including certain derivative instruments embedded in other contracts, are recognized on the condensed consolidated balance sheet at fair value with the change in fair value reported in earnings. When master netting agreements exist, the Company nets counterparty positions with any cash collateral received or delivered.
The Company’s interest rate swaps on certain certificates of deposit qualify for hedge accounting treatment under ASC 815, Derivatives and Hedging. The Company documents its hedge relationships, including identification of the hedging instruments and the hedged items, as well as its risk management objectives and strategies for undertaking the hedge transaction at the time the derivative contract is executed. This includes designating the derivative contract as a “fair value hedge” which is a hedge of a recognized asset or liability. All derivatives designated as fair value hedges are linked to specific hedged items or to groups of specific assets and liabilities on the balance sheet. Both at inception and quarterly thereafter, the Company assesses whether the derivatives used in hedging transactions are highly effective (as defined in the guidance) in offsetting changes in the fair value of the hedged item. Retrospective effectiveness is also assessed as well as the continued expectation that the hedge will remain effective prospectively. Any ineffective portion of the changes of fair value hedges is recognized immediately in interest expense in the condensed consolidated statements of income.
The Company discontinues hedge accounting prospectively when (i) a derivative is no longer highly effective in offsetting changes in the fair value, (ii) a derivative expires or is sold, terminated, or exercised, or (iii) the Company determines that designation of a derivative as a hedge is no longer appropriate. If a fair value hedge derivative instrument is terminated or the hedge designation removed, the previous adjustments to the carrying amount of the hedged liability would be subsequently accounted for in the same manner as other components of the carrying amount of that liability. For interest-bearing liabilities, such adjustments would be amortized into earnings over the remaining life of the respective liability.
The Company adopted ASU 2011-04, Fair Value Measurement (Topic 820): Amendments to Achieve Common Fair Value Measurement and Disclosure Requirements in U.S. GAAP and IFRSs and has made the accounting policy election to use the exception in ASC 820 with respect to measuring counterparty credit risk for derivative instruments. That exception permits the Company to measure the fair value of a group of financial assets and liabilities on the basis of the price that would be received to sell an asset position or to transfer a liability position for a particular risk exposure, based on specified criteria, which have been met by the Company. |
| Comprehensive Income—The term “comprehensive income” describes the total of all components of comprehensive income, including net income and other comprehensive income. “Other comprehensive income” refers to revenues, expenses, and gains and losses that are included in comprehensive income but are excluded from net income because they have been recorded directly in equity under the provisions of other Financial Accounting Standards Board statements. In accordance with the adoption of ASU 2011-05, Comprehensive Income (Topic 220): Presentation of Comprehensive Income, the Company presents comprehensive income in the condensed consolidated statements of comprehensive income, which was formerly presented in the condensed consolidated statements of changes in stockholders’ equity. |
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(1) Covered OREO results from the WFIB and UCB FDIC-assisted acquisitions for which the Company entered into shared-loss agreements with the FDIC whereby the FDIC will reimburse the Company for 80% of eligible losses. As such, the Company’s liability for losses is 20% of the $1.2 million in losses, or $248 thousand, and 20% of the $9.1 million in losses, or $1.8 million, for the three months ended June 30, 2012 and 2011, respectively.
(1) Covered OREO results from the WFIB and UCB FDIC-assisted acquisitions for which the Company entered into shared-loss agreements with the FDIC whereby the FDIC will reimburse the Company for 80% of eligible losses. As such, the Company’s liability for losses is 20% of the $7.7 million in losses, or $1.5 million, and 20% of the $15.4 million in losses, or $3.1 million, for the six months ended June 30, 2012 and 2011, respectively. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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(1) Total gains or losses represent the total realized and unrealized gains and losses recorded for Level 3 assets and liabilities. Realized gains or losses are reported in the condensed consolidated statements of income.
(2) Unrealized gains or losses on investment securities are reported in accumulated other comprehensive loss, net of tax, in the condensed consolidated statements of changes in stockholders’ equity.
(3) Purchases, issuances, sales, and settlements represent Level 3 assets and liabilities that were either purchased, issued, sold, or settled during the period. The amounts are recorded at their end of period fair values.
(4) Transfers in and/or out represent existing assets and liabilities that were either previously categorized as a higher level and the inputs to the model became unobservable or assets and liabilities that were previously classified as Level 3 and the lowest significant input became observable during the period. These assets and liabilities are recorded at their end of period fair values.
(1) Total gains or losses represent the total realized and unrealized gains and losses recorded for Level 3 assets and liabilities. Realized gains or losses are reported in the condensed consolidated statements of income.
(2) Unrealized gains or losses on investment securities are reported in accumulated other comprehensive loss, net of tax, in the condensed consolidated statements of changes in stockholders’ equity.
(3) Purchases, issuances, sales, and settlements represent Level 3 assets and liabilities that were either purchased, issued, sold, or settled during the period. The amounts are recorded at their end of period fair values.
(4) Transfers in and/or out represent existing assets and liabilities that were either previously categorized as a higher level and the inputs to the model became unobservable or assets and liabilities that were previously classified as Level 3 and the lowest significant input became observable during the period. These assets and liabilities are recorded at their end of period fair values. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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(1) The expected term (estimated period of time outstanding) of stock options granted was estimated using the historical exercise behavior of employees.
(2) The expected volatility was based on historical volatility for a period equal to the stock option’s expected term.
(3) The expected dividend yield is based on the Company’s prevailing dividend rate at the time of grant.
(4) The risk-free rate is based on the U.S. Treasury strips in effect at the time of grant equal to the stock option’s expected term.
(5) The Company did not issue any stock options during the three and six months ended June 30, 2012 and the three months ended June 30, 2011. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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(1) The Company did not issue any stock options during the three and six months ended June 30, 2012 and the three months ended June 30, 2011. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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(1) For the six months ended June 30, 2012, the Company recorded $99 thousand, on a pre-tax basis, of the credit portion of OTTI through earnings and $5.1 million of the non-credit portion of OTTI for pooled trust preferred securities in other comprehensive income. The Company recorded $633 thousand, on a pre-tax basis, of the credit portion of OTTI through earnings and $5.1 million of the non-credit portion of OTTI for pooled trust preferred securities and other mortgage-backed securities in other comprehensive income for the year ended December 31, 2011. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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(1) Derivative assets, which are a component of other assets, include the estimated settlement of the derivative asset position. Derivative liabilities, which are a component of other liabilities and deposits, include the estimated settlement of the derivative liability position. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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(1) Covered nonaccrual loans meet the criteria for nonaccrual but have a yield accreted through interest income under ASC 310-30. (2) Represents principal balance net of discount. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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(1) Reductions relate to cash flows received from principal amortization, partial prepayments, loan payoffs and loan sales.
(2) This represents the change in the calculated estimate the Company will be required to pay the FDIC at the end of the FDIC loss share agreements, due to lower thresholds of losses. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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(1) Included in the six months ended table is $456 thousand of recorded investment which has been charged-off and is not included in the condensed consolidated balance sheet as of June 30, 2012. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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(1) Excludes interest from performing TDRs. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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(1) This allowance is related to drawdowns on commitments that were in existence as of the acquisition dates of WFIB and UCB and, therefore, are covered under the shared-loss agreements with the FDIC. Allowance on these subsequent drawdowns is accounted for as part of the allowance for loan losses. (2) The Company has elected to account for all covered loans acquired in the FDIC-assisted acquisitions under ASC 310-30. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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(1) The Company has elected to account for all covered loans acquired in the FDIC-assisted acquisitions under ASC 310-30. The total principal balance is presented and excludes the purchase discount and any additional advances subsequent to acquisition date. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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(1) On April 1, 2012, the Company revised its calculation of earnings per share to account for participating securities under the two-class method. This revision to the earnings per share calculation does not have an impact to previous periods as the amounts are immaterial. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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