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1. Organization and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
Description of Business
Netflix, Inc. (the “Company”) was incorporated on August 29, 1997 and began operations on April 14, 1998. The Company is a subscription service streaming movies and TV episodes over the Internet and sending DVDs by mail to more than 12 million subscribers. The Company’s subscribers can instantly watch unlimited movies and TV episodes streamed to their TVs and computers and can receive DVDs delivered quickly to their homes. The Company offers a variety of subscription plans, with no due dates, no late fees, no shipping fees and no pay-per-view fees. Aided by proprietary recommendation and merchandising technology, subscribers can select from a growing library of titles that can be watched instantly and a vast array of titles on DVD.
Subscribers can:
| • |
Watch streaming content without commercial interruption on their computers and TVs. The viewing experience is enabled by Netflix controlled software that can run on a variety of consumer electronics devices (“Netflix Ready Devices”). These Netflix Ready Devices currently include Blu-ray disc players, Internet-connected TVs, digital video players and game consoles. |
| • |
Receive DVDs by U.S. mail and return them to the Company at their convenience using the Company’s prepaid mailers. After a DVD has been returned, the Company mails the next available DVD in a subscriber’s queue. |
The Company is organized in a single operating segment. All revenues are currently generated in the United States, and there are no long-lived assets outside the United States. Substantially all revenues are derived from monthly subscription fees.
Basis of Presentation
The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and its wholly-owned subsidiary. Intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated.
Reclassification
Certain prior period amounts have been reclassified to conform to current presentation. These reclassifications did not significantly impact any prior amounts of reported total assets or total liabilities, and did not impact stockholders’ equity, results of operations or cash flows.
Subsequent Events
The Company has evaluated subsequent events through February 19, 2010, the date which these financial statements were available to be issued.
Use of Estimates
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements, and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting periods. Significant items subject to such estimates and assumptions include the estimate of useful lives and residual value of its content library; the valuation of stock-based compensation; and the recognition and measurement of income tax assets and liabilities. The Company bases its estimates on historical experience and on various other assumptions that the Company believes to be reasonable under the circumstances. Actual results may differ from these estimates.
Cash Equivalents and Short-term Investments
The Company considers investments in instruments purchased with an original maturity of 90 days or less to be cash equivalents. The Company classifies short-term investments, which consist of marketable securities with original maturities in excess of 90 days as available-for-sale. Short-term investments are reported at fair value with unrealized gains and losses included in accumulated other comprehensive income within stockholders’ equity in the consolidated balance sheet. The amortization of premiums and discounts on the investments, realized gains and losses, and declines in value judged to be other-than-temporary on available-for-sale securities are included in interest and other income in the consolidated statements of operations. The Company uses the specific identification method to determine cost in calculating realized gains and losses upon the sale of short-term investments.
Short-term investments are reviewed periodically to identify possible other-than-temporary impairment. When evaluating the investments, the Company reviews factors such as the length of time and extent to which fair value has been below cost basis, the financial condition of the issuer, the Company’s intent to sell, or whether it would be more likely than not that the Company would be required to sell the investments before the recovery of their amortized cost basis.
Content Library
The Company obtains content through direct purchases, revenue sharing agreements and license agreements with studios, distributors and other suppliers. DVD content is obtained through direct purchases or revenue sharing agreements. Streaming content is generally licensed for a fixed fee for the term of the license agreement but may also be obtained through a revenue sharing agreement.
The Company acquires DVD content for the purpose of rental to its subscribers and earns subscription rental revenues, and, as such, the Company considers its DVD library to be a productive asset. Accordingly, the Company classifies its DVD library as a non-current asset on its consolidated balance sheets. Additionally, cash outflows for the acquisition of the DVD library, net of changes in related accounts payable, are classified as cash flows from investing activities in the Company’s consolidated statements of cash flows. This is inclusive of any upfront non-refundable payments required under revenue sharing agreements.
The Company amortizes its direct purchase DVDs, less estimated salvage value, on a “sum-of-the-months” accelerated basis over their estimated useful lives. The useful life of the new release DVDs and back catalog DVDs is estimated to be one year and three years, respectively. In estimating the useful life of its DVDs, the Company takes into account library utilization as well as an estimate for lost or damaged DVDs. The Company provides a salvage value for those direct purchase DVDs that the Company estimates it will sell at the end of their useful lives. For those DVDs that the Company does not expect to sell, no salvage value is provided.
Additionally, the terms of certain DVD purchase agreements with studios and distributors provide for volume purchase discounts or rebates based on achieving specified performance levels. Volume purchase discounts are recorded as a reduction of DVD library when earned. The Company accrues for rebates as earned based on historical title performance and estimates of demand for the titles over the remainder of the title term. Actual rebates may vary which could result in an increase or reduction in the estimated amounts previously accrued.
The Company obtains content distribution rights in order to stream movies and TV episodes without commercial interruption to subscribers’ computers and TVs via Netflix Ready Devices. The Company accounts for streaming content in accordance with the Financial Accounting Standards Board’s (“FASB”) Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) topic 920 Entertainment—Broadcasters. Cash outflows associated with streaming content are classified as cash flows from operating activities on the consolidated statements of cash flow.
The Company classifies streaming content obtained through a license agreement as either a current or non-current asset in the consolidated balance sheets based on the estimated time of usage after certain criteria have been met, including availability of the streaming content for its first showing. Streaming content is amortized on a straight-line basis generally over the terms of the license agreements or the title’s window of availability.
The Company also obtains DVD and streaming content through revenue sharing agreements with studios and distributors. The Company generally obtains titles for low initial cost in exchange for a commitment to share a percentage of its subscription revenues or to pay a fee, based on utilization, for a defined period of time, or the Title Term, which typically ranges from six to twelve months for each title. The initial cost may be in the form of an upfront non-refundable payment. This payment is capitalized in the content library in accordance with the Company’s DVD and streaming content policies as applicable. The initial cost may also be in the form of a prepayment of future revenue sharing obligations which is classified as prepaid revenue sharing expense. The terms of some revenue sharing agreements with studios obligate the Company to make minimum revenue sharing payments for certain titles. The Company amortizes minimum revenue sharing prepayments (or accretes an amount payable to studios if the payment is due in arrears) as revenue sharing obligations are incurred. A provision for estimated shortfall, if any, on minimum revenue sharing payments is made in the period in which the shortfall becomes probable and can be reasonably estimated. Under the revenue sharing agreements for its DVD library, at the end of the Title Term, the Company generally has the option of returning the DVD title to the studio, destroying the title or purchasing the title.
Property and Equipment
Property and equipment are carried at cost less accumulated depreciation. Depreciation is calculated using the straight-line method over the shorter of the estimated useful lives of the respective assets, generally up to 30 years, or the lease term for leasehold improvements, if applicable. Leased buildings are capitalized and included in property and equipment when the Company was involved in the construction funding and did not meet the “sale-leaseback” criteria as required by ASC topic 840.40 Leases—Sale-Leaseback Transactions.
Impairment of Long-Lived Assets
Long-lived assets such as content library, property and equipment and intangible assets subject to depreciation and amortization are reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset group may not be recoverable. Recoverability of asset groups to be held and used is measured by a comparison of the carrying amount of an asset group to estimated undiscounted future cash flows expected to be generated by the asset group. If the carrying amount of an asset group exceeds its estimated future cash flows, an impairment charge is recognized by the amount by which the carrying amount of an asset group exceeds fair value of the asset group. The Company evaluated its long-lived assets, and impairment charges were not material for any of the years presented.
Capitalized Software Costs
Costs incurred during the application development stage for software programs to be used solely to meet the Company’s internal needs are capitalized. Costs incurred in connection with the development of software used by the Company’s subscribers, such as that included in consumer electronics partner devices, are capitalized during the period between technological feasibility and general availability of the software. Capitalized software costs are included in property and equipment, net and are amortized over the estimated useful life of the software, generally up to three years. The net book value of capitalized software costs is not significant as of December 31, 2009 and 2008.
Revenue Recognition
Subscription revenues are recognized ratably over each subscriber’s monthly subscription period. Refunds to subscribers are recorded as a reduction of revenues. Revenues are presented net of the taxes that are collected from customers and remitted to governmental authorities. Deferred revenue consists of subscriptions revenues billed to subscribers that have not been recognized and gift subscriptions that have not been redeemed.
Marketing
Marketing expenses consist primarily of advertising expenses and payments made to affiliates including the Company’s consumer electronics partners. Advertising expenses include marketing program expenditures and other promotional activities, including allocated costs of revenues relating to free trial periods. Also included in marketing expenses are payroll related expenses. Advertising costs are expensed as incurred except for advertising production costs, which are expensed the first time the advertising is run. Advertising expense totaled approximately $205.9 million, $181.4 million and $207.9 million in 2009, 2008, and 2007, respectively.
The Company and its vendors participate in a variety of cooperative advertising programs and other promotional programs in which the vendors provide the Company with cash consideration in exchange for marketing and advertising of the vendor’s products. If the consideration received represents reimbursement of specific incremental and identifiable costs incurred to promote the vendor’s product, it is recorded as an offset to the associated marketing expense incurred. Any reimbursement greater than the specific incremental and identifiable costs incurred is recognized as a reduction of cost of revenues when recognized in the Company’s consolidated statements of operations.
Income Taxes
The Company accounts for income taxes using the asset and liability method. Deferred income taxes are recognized by applying enacted statutory tax rates applicable to future years to differences between the financial statement carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax bases and operating loss and tax credit carryforwards. The effect on deferred tax assets and liabilities of a change in tax rates is recognized in income in the period that includes the enactment date. The measurement of deferred tax assets is reduced, if necessary, by a valuation allowance for any tax benefits for which future realization is uncertain. There was no valuation allowance as of December 31, 2009 or 2008.
The Company recognizes the tax benefit from an uncertain tax position only if it is more likely than not the tax position will be sustained on examination by the taxing authorities, based on the technical merits of the position. The tax benefits recognized in the financial statements from such positions are then measured based on the largest benefit that has a greater than 50% likelihood of being realized upon settlement. The Company recognizes interest and penalties related to uncertain tax positions in income tax expense. See Note 8 to the consolidated financial statements for further information regarding income taxes.
Stock Repurchases
To facilitate a stock repurchase program, shares are repurchased by the Company in the open market and are accounted for when the transaction is settled. Shares held for future issuance are classified as treasury stock. Shares formally or constructively retired are deducted from common stock for par value and from additional paid in capital for the excess over par value. If additional paid in capital has been exhausted, the excess over par value is deducted from retained earnings. Direct costs incurred to acquire the shares are included in the total cost of the shares.
Comprehensive Income
Other comprehensive income consists of unrealized gains and losses on available-for-sale securities, net of tax. Total comprehensive income and the components of accumulated other comprehensive income are presented in the accompanying consolidated statements of stockholders’ equity.
Net Income Per Share
Basic net income per share is computed using the weighted-average number of outstanding shares of common stock during the period. Diluted net income per share is computed using the weighted-average number of outstanding shares of common stock and, when dilutive, potential common shares outstanding during the period. Potential common shares consist primarily of incremental shares issuable upon the assumed exercise of stock options, warrants to purchase common stock and shares currently purchasable pursuant to the Company’s employee stock purchase plan using the treasury stock method. The computation of net income per share is as follows:
| Year ended December 31, | |||||||||
| 2009 | 2008 | 2007 | |||||||
| (in thousands, except per share data) | |||||||||
|
Basic earnings per share: |
|||||||||
|
Net income |
$ | 115,860 | $ | 83,026 | $ | 66,608 | |||
|
Shares used in computation: |
|||||||||
|
Weighted-average common shares outstanding |
56,560 | 60,961 | 67,076 | ||||||
|
Basic earnings per share |
$ | 2.05 | $ | 1.36 | $ | 0.99 | |||
|
Diluted earnings per share: |
|||||||||
|
Net income |
$ | 115,860 | $ | 83,026 | $ | 66,608 | |||
|
Shares used in computation: |
|||||||||
|
Weighted-average common shares outstanding |
56,560 | 60,961 | 67,076 | ||||||
|
Employee stock options and employee stock purchase plan shares |
1,856 | 1,875 | 1,826 | ||||||
|
Weighted-average number of shares |
58,416 | 62,836 | 68,902 | ||||||
|
Diluted earnings per share |
$ | 1.98 | $ | 1.32 | $ | 0.97 | |||
Employee stock options with exercise prices greater than the average market price of the common stock were excluded from the diluted calculation as their inclusion would have been anti-dilutive. The following table summarizes the potential common shares excluded from the diluted calculation:
| Year ended December 31 | ||||||
| 2009 | 2008 | 2007 | ||||
| (in thousands) | ||||||
|
Employee stock options |
64 | 726 | 1,973 | |||
The weighted average exercise price of excluded outstanding stock options was $45.78, $32.42 and $27.83 for the years ended December 31, 2009, 2008 and 2007, respectively.
Stock-Based Compensation
The Company grants stock options to its employees on a monthly basis. The Company has elected to grant all options as fully vested non-qualified stock options. As a result of immediate vesting, stock-based compensation expense is fully recognized on the grant date, and no estimate is required for post-vesting option forfeitures.
|
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2. Short-term Investments
The Company’s investment policy is consistent with the definition of available-for-sale securities. The Company does not buy and hold securities principally for the purpose of selling them in the near future. The Company’s policy is focused on the preservation of capital, liquidity and return. From time to time, the Company may sell certain securities but the objectives are generally not to generate profits on short-term differences in price. Short-term investments are therefore classified as available-for-sale securities and are reported at fair value as follows:
| December 31, 2009 | |||||||||||||
| Amortized Cost |
Gross Unrealized Gains |
Gross Unrealized Losses |
Estimated Fair Value |
||||||||||
| (in thousands) | |||||||||||||
|
Corporate debt securities |
$ | 82,362 | $ | 915 | $ | (106 | ) | $ | 83,171 | ||||
|
Government and agency securities |
96,998 | 72 | (416 | ) | 96,654 | ||||||||
|
Asset and mortgage backed securities |
6,262 | 143 | (212 | ) | 6,193 | ||||||||
| $ | 185,622 | $ | 1,130 | $ | (734 | ) | $ | 186,018 | |||||
| December 31, 2008 | |||||||||||||
| Amortized Cost |
Gross Unrealized Gains |
Gross Unrealized Losses |
Estimated Fair Value |
||||||||||
| (in thousands) | |||||||||||||
|
Corporate debt securities |
$ | 45,482 | $ | 440 | $ | (727 | ) | $ | 45,195 | ||||
|
Government and agency securities |
92,378 | 1,812 | (244 | ) | 93,946 | ||||||||
|
Asset and mortgage backed securities |
19,446 | 15 | (1,212 | ) | 18,249 | ||||||||
| $ | 157,306 | $ | 2,267 | $ | (2,183 | ) | $ | 157,390 | |||||
The following tables show the gross unrealized losses and fair value of the Company’s investments with unrealized losses that are not deemed to be other-than-temporarily impaired, aggregated by investment category and length of time that individual securities have been in a continuous unrealized loss position:
| As of December 31, 2009 | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Less
Than 12 Months |
12
Months or Greater |
Total | |||||||||||||||||||
| Fair Value |
Unrealized Losses |
Fair Value |
Unrealized Losses |
Fair Value |
Unrealized Losses |
||||||||||||||||
| (in thousands) | |||||||||||||||||||||
|
Corporate debt securities |
$ | 25,982 | $ | (106 | ) | $ | — | $ | — | $ | 25,982 | $ | (106 | ) | |||||||
|
Government and agency securities |
85,391 | (414 | ) | 3,279 | (2 | ) | 88,670 | (416 | ) | ||||||||||||
|
Asset and mortgage backed securities |
280 | (1 | ) | 768 | (211 | ) | 1,048 | (212 | ) | ||||||||||||
| $ | 111,653 | $ | (521 | ) | $ | 4,047 | $ | (213 | ) | $ | 115,700 | $ | (734 | ) | |||||||
| As of December 31, 2008 | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Less
Than 12 Months |
12
Months or Greater |
Total | |||||||||||||||||||
| Fair Value |
Unrealized Losses |
Fair Value |
Unrealized Losses |
Fair Value |
Unrealized Losses |
||||||||||||||||
| (in thousands) | |||||||||||||||||||||
|
Corporate debt securities |
$ | 22,806 | $ | (692 | ) | $ | 1,316 | $ | (35 | ) | $ | 24,122 | $ | (727 | ) | ||||||
|
Government and agency securities |
12,128 | (244 | ) | — | — | 12,128 | (244 | ) | |||||||||||||
|
Asset and mortgage backed securities |
15,511 | (1,212 | ) | — | — | 15,511 | (1,212 | ) | |||||||||||||
| $ | 50,445 | $ | (2,148 | ) | $ | 1,316 | $ | (35 | ) | $ | 51,761 | $ | (2,183 | ) | |||||||
Because the Company does not intend to sell the investments and it is not more likely than not that the Company will be required to sell the investments before recovery of their amortized cost basis, the Company does not consider those investments with an unrealized loss to be other-than-temporarily impaired at December 31, 2009. There were no material other-than-temporary impairments or credit losses related to available-for-sale securities in 2009, 2008 or 2007.
The gross realized gains on the sales of available-for-sale securities for the three years ended December 31, 2009, 2008 and 2007 were $1.9 million, $4.9 million and $0.8 million, respectively. The gross realized losses on the sales of available-for-sale securities for the three years ended December 31, 2009, 2008 and 2007 were $0.4 million, $1.8 million and $0.1 million, respectively. Realized gains and losses and interest income are included in interest and other income (expense).
The estimated fair value of short-term investments by contractual maturity as of December 31, 2009 is as follows:
| (in thousands) | |||
|
Due within one year |
$ | 44,455 | |
|
Due after one year and through 5 years |
137,763 | ||
|
Due after 5 years and through 10 years |
— | ||
|
Due after 10 years |
3,800 | ||
|
Total short-term investments |
$ | 186,018 | |
The Company measures certain financial assets at fair value on a recurring basis, including cash equivalents and available-for-sale securities. Fair value is a market-based measurement that should be determined based on the assumptions that market participants would use in pricing an asset or liability.
| Fair Value Measurements at December 31, 2009 | ||||||||||||
| Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets |
Significant Other Observable Inputs |
Significant Unobservable Inputs |
||||||||||
| Total | (Level 1) | (Level 2) | (Level 3) | |||||||||
| (in thousands) | ||||||||||||
|
Current Assets: |
||||||||||||
|
Money market funds (1) |
$ | 690 | $ | 690 | $ | — | $ | — | ||||
|
Fixed income available-for-sale securities (2) |
186,018 | — | 186,018 | — | ||||||||
|
Total current assets |
186,708 | 690 | 186,018 | — | ||||||||
|
Non-current Assets: |
||||||||||||
|
Money market funds (3) |
2,829 | 2,829 | — | — | ||||||||
|
Total non-current assets |
2,829 | 2,829 | — | — | ||||||||
|
Total assets |
$ | 189,537 | $ | 3,519 | $ | 186,018 | $ | — | ||||
| Fair Value Measurements at December 31, 2008 | ||||||||||||
| Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets |
Significant Other Observable Inputs |
Significant Unobservable Inputs |
||||||||||
| Total | (Level 1) | (Level 2) | (Level 3) | |||||||||
| (in thousands) | ||||||||||||
|
Current Assets: |
||||||||||||
|
Money market funds (1) |
$ | 60,930 | $ | 60,930 | $ | — | $ | — | ||||
|
Cash equivalents (1) |
16,600 | — | 16,600 | — | ||||||||
|
Fixed income available-for-sale securities (2) |
157,390 | — | 157,390 | — | ||||||||
|
Total current assets |
234,920 | 60,930 | 173,990 | — | ||||||||
|
Non-current Assets: |
||||||||||||
|
Money market funds (3) |
1,929 | 1,929 | — | — | ||||||||
|
Total non-current assets |
1,929 | 1,929 | — | — | ||||||||
|
Total assets |
$ | 236,849 | $ | 62,859 | $ | 173,990 | $ | — | ||||
| (1) | Included in cash and cash equivalents in the Company’s consolidated balance sheets. |
| (2) | Included in short-term investments in the Company’s consolidated balance sheets. |
| (3) | Included in other non-current assets in the Company’s consolidated balance sheets. |
The hierarchy level assigned to each security in the Company’s available-for-sale portfolio and cash equivalents is based on its assessment of the transparency and reliability of the inputs used in the valuation of such instrument at the measurement date. The Company did not have any material financial liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of December 31, 2009. See Note 4 for further information regarding the fair value of the 8.50% senior notes.
|
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3. Balance Sheet Components
Content Library, Net
Content library and accumulated amortization consisted of the following:
| As of December 31, | ||||||||
| 2009 | 2008 | |||||||
| (in thousands) | ||||||||
|
Content library, gross |
$ | 742,802 | $ | 637,336 | ||||
|
Less: accumulated amortization |
(596,663 | ) | (520,098 | ) | ||||
| 146,139 | 117,238 | |||||||
|
Less: Current content library, net |
37,329 | 18,691 | ||||||
|
Content library, net |
$ | 108,810 | $ | 98,547 | ||||
Property and Equipment, Net
Property and equipment and accumulated depreciation consisted of the following:
| As of December 31, | ||||||||||||
| 2009 | 2008 | |||||||||||
| (in thousands) | ||||||||||||
|
Computer equipment |
3 years | $ | 62,132 | $ | 44,598 | |||||||
|
Operations and other equipment |
5 years | 65,059 | 59,061 | |||||||||
|
Software, including internal-use software |
1-3 years | 35,401 | 30,060 | |||||||||
|
Furniture and fixtures |
3 years | 12,421 | 12,304 | |||||||||
|
Building |
30 years | 40,681 | 40,681 | |||||||||
|
Leasehold improvements |
Over life of lease | 35,156 | 33,124 | |||||||||
|
Capital work-in-progress |
15,097 | 3,958 | ||||||||||
|
Property and equipment, gross |
265,947 | 223,786 | ||||||||||
|
Less: Accumulated depreciation |
(134,294 | ) | (98,838 | ) | ||||||||
|
Property and equipment, net |
$ | 131,653 | $ | 124,948 | ||||||||
Capital work-in-progress as of December 31, 2009 consists primarily of approximately $13.1 million of operations equipment and $1.9 million of software not yet in service, and approximately $0.1 million of leasehold improvements.
Other Assets
Other assets consisted of the following:
| As of December 31, | ||||||
| 2009 | 2008 | |||||
| (in thousands) | ||||||
|
Patents, net |
$ | 1,639 | $ | 1,844 | ||
|
Investment in business |
— | 5,700 | ||||
|
Restricted cash |
2,829 | 1,929 | ||||
|
Debt issuance costs, net |
5,966 | — | ||||
|
Other |
1,866 | 1,122 | ||||
|
Other assets |
$ | 12,300 | $ | 10,595 | ||
Restricted cash of $2.8 million and $1.9 million, as of December 31, 2009 and 2008, respectively, related to workers’ compensation insurance deposits.
Accrued Expenses
Accrued expenses consisted of the following:
| As of December 31, | ||||||
| 2009 | 2008 | |||||
| (in thousands) | ||||||
|
Accrued state sales and use tax |
$ | 11,625 | $ | 9,127 | ||
|
Accrued payroll and employee benefits |
6,427 | 5,956 | ||||
|
Accrued settlement costs |
— | 2,409 | ||||
|
Accrued interest on debt |
2,597 | — | ||||
|
Accrued content acquisition costs |
5,810 | 6,237 | ||||
|
Other |
6,928 | 7,665 | ||||
|
Total accrued expenses |
$ | 33,387 | $ | 31,394 | ||
|
|||
4. Long-term Debt
Senior Notes
In November 2009, the Company issued $200.0 million aggregate principal amount of 8.50% senior notes due November 15, 2017 (the “8.50% Notes”). The net proceeds to the Company from the 8.50% Notes were approximately $193.9 million. Debt issuance costs of $6.1 million are recorded in other assets on the consolidated balance sheet and are amortized over the term of the notes as interest expense. The notes were issued at par and are senior unsecured obligations of the Company. Interest is payable semi-annually at a rate of 8.50% per annum on May 15 and November 15 of each year, commencing on May 15, 2010. The 8.50% Notes are repayable in whole or in part upon the occurrence of a change of control, at the option of the holders, at a purchase price in cash equal to 101% of the principal plus accrued interest. Prior to November 15, 2012, in the event of a qualified equity offering, the Company may redeem up to 35% of the 8.50% Notes at a redemption price of 108.50% of the principal plus accrued interest. Additionally, the Company may redeem the 8.50% Notes prior to November 15, 2013 in whole or in part at a redemption price of 100% of the principal plus accrued interest, plus a “make-whole” premium. On or after November 15, 2013, the Company may redeem the 8.50% Notes in whole or in part at specified prices ranging from 104.25% to 100% of the principal plus accrued interest.
The 8.50% Notes include, among other terms and conditions, limitations on the Company’s ability to create, incur, assume or be liable for indebtedness (other than specified types of permitted indebtedness); dispose of assets outside the ordinary course (subject to specified exceptions); acquire, merge or consolidate with or into another person or entity (other than specified types of permitted acquisitions); create, incur or allow any lien on any of its property or assign any right to receive income (except for specified permitted liens); make investments (other than specified types of investments); or pay dividends or make distributions (each subject to specified exceptions). At December 31, 2009, the Company was in compliance with these covenants.
Based on quoted market prices, the fair value of the 8.50% Notes was approximately $207.5 million as of December 31, 2009.
Credit Agreement
In September 2009, the Company entered into a credit agreement which provided for a $100 million three-year revolving line of credit. Loans under the credit agreement bore interest, at the Company’s option, at either a base rate determined in accordance with the credit Agreement, plus a spread of 1.75% to 2.25%, or an adjusted LIBOR rate plus a spread of 2.75% to 3.25%. In October 2009, the Company borrowed $20 million under the credit agreement. The proceeds, net of issuance costs, to the Company were approximately $19.0 million. In connection with the issuance of the 8.50% Notes, the Company repaid all outstanding amounts under and terminated the credit agreement. Issuance costs related to the line of credit are included in interest expense.
|
|||
5. Commitments and Contingencies
The Company leases facilities under non-cancelable operating leases with various expiration dates through 2016. The facilities generally require the Company to pay property taxes, insurance and maintenance costs. Further, several lease agreements contain rent escalation clauses or rent holidays. For purposes of recognizing minimum rental expenses on a straight-line basis over the terms of the leases, the Company uses the date of initial possession to begin amortization, which is generally when the Company enters the space and begins to make improvements in preparation of intended use. For scheduled rent escalation clauses during the lease terms or for rental payments commencing at a date other than the date of initial occupancy, the Company records minimum rental expenses on a straight-line basis over the terms of the leases in the consolidated statements of operations. The Company has the option to extend or renew most of its leases which may increase the future minimum lease commitments.
Because the terms of the Company’s original facilities lease agreements required the Company’s involvement in the construction funding of the buildings at its Los Gatos, California headquarters site, the Company is the “deemed owner” (for accounting purposes only) of these buildings. Accordingly, the Company recorded an asset of $40.7 million, representing the total costs of the buildings and improvements, including the costs paid by the lessor (the legal owner of the buildings), with corresponding liabilities. Upon completion of construction of each building, the Company did not meet the sale-leaseback criteria for de-recognition of the building assets and liabilities. Therefore the leases are accounted for as financing obligations.
Future minimum payments under lease financing obligations and non-cancelable operating leases as of December 31, 2009 are as follows:
|
Year Ending December 31, |
Future Minimum Payments |
||
| (in thousands) | |||
|
2010 |
$ | 17,214 | |
|
2011 |
13,950 | ||
|
2012 |
11,506 | ||
|
2013 |
5,064 | ||
|
2014 |
3,144 | ||
|
Thereafter |
1,868 | ||
|
Total minimum payments |
$ | 52,746 | |
Future minimum payments under lease financing obligations as of December 31, 2009 total $12.4 million. The lease financing obligation balance at the end of the lease term will be approximately $32.6 million which reflects the net book value of the buildings to be relinquished to the lessor.
Rent expense associated with the operating leases was $14.5 million, $13.7 million and $10.6 million for the years ended December 31, 2009, 2008 and 2007, respectively.
The Company also has $114.8 million of commitments at December 31, 2009 related to streaming content license agreements that have been executed but for which the streaming content does not meet asset recognition criteria.
Litigation
From time to time, in the normal course of its operations, the Company is a party to litigation matters and claims, including claims relating to employee relations and business practices. Litigation can be expensive and disruptive to normal business operations. Moreover, the results of complex legal proceedings are difficult to predict and the Company cannot reasonably estimate the likelihood or potential dollar amount of any adverse results. The Company expenses legal fees as incurred. Listed below are material legal proceedings to which the Company is a party. An unfavorable outcome of any of these matters could have a material adverse effect on the Company’s financial position, liquidity or results of operations.
On December 17, 2009, plaintiffs Jane Doe, Nelly Valdez-Marquez, Anthony Sinopoli, and Paul Navarro filed a purported class action lawsuit against the Company in the United District Court, District of Northern California, Case No. C09-05903 on behalf of (1) a nationwide class consisting of “all Netflix subscribers that rented a Netflix movie and also rated a movie on the Netflix website during the period of October 1998 through December 2005, residing in the United States,” (2) a subclass of California residents and (3) an injunctive class consisting of “all Netflix subscribers since 2006, residing in the United States.” Plaintiffs allege that Netflix breached the privacy rights of its subscribers by, among other things, releasing certain data in connection with the “Netflix Prize” contest. Plaintiffs have brought this action pursuant to the Video Privacy Protection Act, 18 U.S.C. § 2710; California Consumers Legal Remedies Act, Civil Code § 1750 (“CLRA”); California Customer Records Act, Civil Code § 1798.80; California’s Unfair Competition Law, Bus. & Prof’l Code §§ 17200, 17500 (“UCL”); and common law actions for Unjust Enrichment and Public Disclosure of Private Facts. Plaintiffs are seeking declaratory relief; statutory, actual and punitive damages; disgorgement of profits; and injunctive relief.
On September 25, 2009, Alcatel-Lucent USA Inc. filed a complaint for patent infringement against the Company in the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Texas, captioned Alcatel-Lucent USA Inc. v. Amazon.com Inc., et. al, Civil Action No. 6:09-cv-422. The complaint alleges that the Company infringed U.S. Patents Nos. 5,649,131 entitled “Communications Protocol” issued on July 15, 1997, 5,623,656 entitled “Script Based Data Communication System and Method Utilizing State Memory” issued on April 22, 1997 and 5,404,507 entitled “Apparatus and Method for Finding Records in a Database by Formulating a Query Using Equivalent Terms Which Correspond to Terms in the Input Query” issued April 4, 1995. The complaint seeks unspecified compensatory and enhanced damages, interest, costs and fees, and seeks to permanently enjoin the Company from infringing the patents in the future.
On April 1, 2009, Jay Nunez, individually and on behalf of others similarly situated in California, filed a purported class action lawsuit against the Company in California Superior Court, County of Orange. The complaint asserts claims of unlawful, unfair and deceptive business practices and violation of the California Consumer Legal Remedies Act relating to certain of the Company’s marketing statements. The complaint seeks restitution, injunction and other relief. On July 14, 2009, the Company filed a demurrer to the first amended complaint. On August 21, 2009, the Court granted the Company’s demurrer and granted leave to amend. Plaintiff filed a second amended complaint on September 11, 2009. On November 30, 2009, plaintiff filed a voluntary request for dismissal. As set forth in the declaration of plaintiff’s counsel in support of dismissal, neither plaintiff nor his counsel has received or will receive any compensation or other consideration from Netflix or any other entity as a result of the voluntary dismissal of this action. On December 18, 2009, the Court dismissed the action.
In January through April of 2009, a number of purported anti-trust class action suits were filed against the Company. Wal-Mart Stores, Inc. and Walmart.com USA LLC (collectively, Wal-Mart) were also named as defendants in these suits. Most of the suits were filed in the United States District Court for the Northern District of California and other federal district courts around the country. A number of suits were filed in the Superior Court of the State of California, Santa Clara County. The plaintiffs, who are current or former Netflix customers, generally allege that Netflix and Wal-Mart entered into an agreement to divide the markets for sales and online rentals of DVDs in the United States, which resulted in higher Netflix subscription prices. The complaints, which assert violation of federal and/or state antitrust laws, seek injunctive relief, costs (including attorneys’ fees) and damages in an unspecified amount. On April 10, 2009, the Judicial Panel on Multidistrict Litigation ordered all cases pending in federal court transferred to the Northern District of California to be consolidated or coordinated for pre-trial purposes. These cases have been assigned the multidistrict litigation number MDL-2029. The cases pending in the Superior Court of the State of California, Santa Clara County have been consolidated. In addition, in May of 2009, three additional lawsuits were filed—two in the Northern District of California and one in the Superior Court of the State of California, San Mateo County—alleging identical conduct and seeking identical relief. In these three cases, the plaintiffs are current or former subscribers to the online DVD rental service offered by Blockbuster Inc. The two cases filed in federal court on behalf of Blockbuster subscribers have been related to MDL-2029. On December 1, 2009, the federal Court entered an order granting defendants’ motion to dismiss the two federal cases filed on behalf of Blockbuster subscribers. Plaintiffs have until March 1, 2010 to file an amended complaint. The lawsuit filed in Superior Court of the State of California, San Mateo County has been coordinated with the cases pending in Santa Clara County.
On December 26, 2008, Quito Enterprises, LLC filed a complaint for patent infringement against the Company in the United States District Court for the Southern District of Florida, captioned Quito Enterprises, LLC v. Netflix, Inc., et. al, Civil Action No. 1:08-cv-23543-AJ. The complaint alleges that the Company infringed U.S. Patent No. 5,890,152 entitled “Personal Feedback Browser for Obtaining Media Files” issued on March 30, 1999. The complaint seeks unspecified damages, interest, and seeks to permanently enjoin the Company from infringing the patent in the future. On September 30, 2009, the Company filed a motion for summary judgment of invalidity. The Court has not set a hearing date for the motion.
On October 24, 2008, Media Queue, LLC filed a complaint for patent infringement against the Company in the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Oklahoma, captioned Media Queue, LLC v. Netflix, Inc., et. al , Civil Action No. CIV 08-402-KEW. The complaint alleges that the Company infringed U.S. Patent No. 7,389,243 entitled “Notification System and Method for Media Queue” issued on June 17, 2008. The complaint seeks unspecified compensatory and enhanced damages, interest and fees, and seeks to permanently enjoin the Company from infringing the patent in the future. On February 24, 2009, the case was transferred to the Northern District of California. On August 14, 2009, the Company filed a motion for summary judgment of non-infringement. A hearing on the motion was held on November 17, 2009. On December 1, 2009, the Court granted the Company’s motion for summary judgment of non-infringement. On February 10, 2009, plaintiff appealed the summary judgement ruling.
On December 28, 2007, Parallel Networks, LLC filed a complaint for patent infringement against the Company in the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Texas, captioned Parallel Networks, LLC v. Netflix, Inc., et. al , Civil Action No 2:07-cv-562-LED. The complaint alleges that the Company infringed U.S. Patent Nos. 5,894,554 and 6,415,335 B1 entitled “System For Managing Dynamic Web Page Generation Requests by Intercepting Request at Web Server and Routing to Page Server Thereby Releasing Web Server to Process Other Requests” and “System and Method for Managing Dynamic Web Page Generation Requests”, issued on April 13, 1999 and July 2, 2002, respectively. The complaint seeks unspecified compensatory and enhanced damages, interest and fees, and seeks to permanently enjoin the Company from infringing the patent in the future.
|
|||
6. Guarantees—Intellectual Property Indemnification Obligations
In the ordinary course of business, the Company has entered into contractual arrangements under which it has agreed to provide indemnification of varying scope and terms to business partners and other parties with respect to certain matters, including, but not limited to, losses arising out of the Company’s breach of such agreements and out of intellectual property infringement claims made by third parties.
The Company’s obligations under these agreements may be limited in terms of time or amount, and in some instances, the Company may have recourse against third parties for certain payments. In addition, the Company has entered into indemnification agreements with its directors and certain of its officers that will require it, among other things, to indemnify them against certain liabilities that may arise by reason of their status or service as directors or officers. The terms of such obligations vary.
It is not possible to make a reasonable estimate of the maximum potential amount of future payments under these or similar agreements due to the conditional nature of the Company’s obligations and the unique facts and circumstances involved in each particular agreement. No amount has been accrued in the accompanying financial statements with respect to these indemnification guarantees.
|
|||
7. Stockholders’ Equity
On August 6, 2009, the Company announced that its Board of Directors authorized a stock repurchase plan that enables the Company to repurchase up to $300 million of its common stock through the end of 2010. The timing and actual number of shares repurchased will depend on various factors including price, corporate and regulatory requirements, alternative investment opportunities and other market conditions. Under this program, the Company repurchased 3,197,459 shares of common stock at an average price of approximately $47 per share for an aggregate amount of $149 million. Of this amount, 1,480,000 shares repurchased were initially held as treasury stock and accordingly repurchases were accounted for at cost under the treasury method. These shares were subsequently retired. The remaining 1,717,459 shares repurchased have also been retired. Subsequent to December 31, 2009, the Company repurchased 1,010,000 shares of common stock at an average price of approximately $62 for an aggregate amount of $62.4 million. The timing and actual number of shares repurchased will depend on various factors including price, corporate and regulatory requirements, alternative investment opportunities and other market conditions.
On January 26, 2009, the Company announced that its Board of Directors authorized a stock repurchase program for 2009. Under this program, the Company repurchased 4,173,855 shares of common stock at an average price of approximately $42 per share for an aggregate amount of approximately $175 million. Shares repurchased under this program were initially held as treasury stock and accordingly repurchases were accounted for at cost under the treasury method. These shares were subsequently retired. This program terminated on August 6, 2009.
On March 5, 2008, the Company’s Board of Directors authorized a stock repurchase program allowing the Company to repurchase up to $150 million of its common stock through the end of 2008. Under this program, the Company repurchased 3,491,084 shares of common stock at an average price of approximately $29 per share for an aggregate amount of $100 million. Shares repurchased under this program were initially held as treasury stock and accordingly repurchases were accounted for under the treasury method. These shares have been subsequently retired.
On January 31, 2008, the Company’s Board of Directors authorized a stock repurchase program allowing the Company to repurchase up to $100 million of its common stock through the end of 2008. Under this program, the Company repurchased 3,847,062 shares of common stock at an average price of approximately $26 per share for an aggregate amount of $100 million. Shares repurchased under this program have been retired.
On April 17, 2007, the Company’s Board of Directors authorized a stock repurchase program allowing the Company to repurchase up to $100.0 million of its common stock through the end of 2007. During the year ended December 31, 2007, the Company repurchased 4,733,788 shares of common stock at an average price of approximately $21 per share for an aggregate amount of $100 million. Shares repurchased under this program have been retired.
In the fourth quarter of 2009, the Company determined that all shares held in treasury stock would be retired. Accordingly, these constructively retired shares were deducted from common stock for par value and from additional paid in capital for the excess over par value, until additional paid in capital was exhausted and then from retained earnings.
There were no unsettled share repurchases as of December 31, 2009.
Preferred Stock
The Company has authorized 10,000,000 shares of undesignated preferred stock with par value of $0.001 per share. None of the preferred shares were issued and outstanding at December 31, 2009 and 2008.
Voting Rights
The holders of each share of common stock shall be entitled to one vote per share on all matters to be voted upon by the Company’s stockholders.
Employee Stock Purchase Plan
In February 2002, the Company adopted the 2002 Employee Stock Purchase Plan (“ESPP”), which reserved a total of 1,166,666 shares of common stock for issuance. The 2002 Employee Stock Purchase Plan also provides for annual increases in the number of shares available for issuance on the first day of each year, beginning with 2003, equal to the lesser of:
| • |
2% of the outstanding shares of the common stock on the first day of the applicable year; |
| • |
666,666 shares; and |
| • |
such other amount as the Company’s Board of Directors may determine. |
Under the Company’s ESPP, employees may purchase common stock of the Company through accumulated payroll deductions. The purchase price of the common stock acquired by the employees participating in the ESPP is 85% of the closing price on either the first day of the offering period or the last day of the purchase period, whichever is lower. Through May 1, 2006, offering periods were twenty-four months, and the purchase periods were six months. Therefore, each offering period included four six-month purchase periods, and the purchase price for each six-month period was determined by comparing the closing prices on the first day of the offering period and the last day of the applicable purchase period. In this manner, the look-back for determining the purchase price was up to twenty-four months. However, effective May 1, 2006, the ESPP was amended so that offering and purchase periods take place concurrently in consecutive six month increments. Under the amended ESPP, therefore, the look-back for determining the purchase price is six months. Employees may invest up to 15% of their gross compensation through payroll deductions. In no event shall an employee be permitted to purchase more than 8,334 shares of common stock during any six-month purchase period. During the years ended December 31, 2009, 2008 and 2007, employees purchased approximately 224,799, 231,068 and 205,416 shares at average prices of $25.65, $21.00 and $18.43 per share, respectively. Cash received from purchases under the ESPP for the years ended December 31, 2009, 2008 and 2007 was $5.8 million, $4.9 million and $3.8 million, respectively. As of December 31, 2009, 2,841,730 shares were available for future issuance under the 2002 Employee Stock Purchase Plan.
Stock Option Plans
In December 1997, the Company adopted the 1997 Stock Plan, which was amended and restated in October 2001. The 1997 Stock Plan provides for the issuance of stock purchase rights, incentive stock options or non-statutory stock options. In November 2007, the 1997 Stock Plan expired and, as a result, there were no shares reserved for future issuance upon the exercise of outstanding options under the 1997 Stock Plan as of December 31, 2009.
In February 2002, the Company adopted the 2002 Stock Plan, which was amended and restated in May 2006. The 2002 Stock Plan provides for the grant of incentive stock options to employees and for the grant of non-statutory stock options and stock purchase rights to employees, directors and consultants. As of December 31, 2009, 2,591,267 shares were reserved for future grant under the 2002 Stock Plan.
A summary of the activities related to the Company’s options is as follows:
| Shares Available for Grant |
Options Outstanding | Weighted-Average Remaining Contractual Term (in Years) |
Aggregate Intrinsic Value (in Thousands) |
|||||||||
| Number of Shares |
Weighted-Average Exercise Price |
|||||||||||
|
Balances as of December 31, 2006 |
5,605,184 | 5,453,453 | 14.23 | |||||||||
|
Granted |
(1,103,522 | ) | 1,103,522 | 21.72 | ||||||||
|
Exercised |
— | (828,824 | ) | 7.03 | ||||||||
|
Canceled |
108,513 | (108,513 | ) | 29.46 | ||||||||
|
Expired |
(615,309 | ) | — | — | ||||||||
|
Balances as of December 31, 2007 |
3,994,866 | 5,619,638 | 16.47 | |||||||||
|
Granted |
(856,733 | ) | 856,733 | 27.98 | ||||||||
|
Exercised |
— | (1,056,641 | ) | 13.27 | ||||||||
|
Canceled |
54,714 | (54,714 | ) | 28.88 | ||||||||
|
Expired |
(332 | ) | — | — | ||||||||
|
Balances as of December 31, 2008 |
3,192,515 | 5,365,016 | 18.81 | |||||||||
|
Granted |
(601,665 | ) | 601,665 | 41.65 | ||||||||
|
Exercised |
— | (1,724,110 | ) | 17.11 | ||||||||
|
Canceled |
1,133 | (1,133 | ) | 12.69 | ||||||||
|
Expired |
(716 | ) | — | — | ||||||||
|
Balances as of December 31, 2009 |
2,591,267 | 4,241,438 | 22.74 | 6.16 | 137,308 | |||||||
|
Vested and exercisable at December 31, 2009 |
4,241,438 | 22.74 | 6.16 | 137,308 | ||||||||
The aggregate intrinsic value in the table above represents the total pretax intrinsic value (the difference between the Company’s closing stock price on the last trading day of 2009 and the exercise price, multiplied by the number of in-the-money options) that would have been received by the option holders had all option holders exercised their options on December 31, 2009. This amount changes based on the fair market value of the Company’s common stock. Total intrinsic value of options exercised for the years ended December 31, 2009, 2008 and 2007 was $44.7 million, $18.9 million and $13.7 million, respectively.
Cash received from option exercises for the years ended December 31, 2009, 2008 and 2007 was $29.5 million, $14.0 million and $5.8 million, respectively.
The following table summarizes information on outstanding and exercisable options as of December 31, 2009:
|
Options Outstanding and Exercisable |
|||||||
|
Exercise Price |
Number of Options |
Weighted-Average Remaining Contractual Life (Years) |
Weighted-Average Exercise Price |
||||
|
$1.50 |
581,057 | 1.86 | $ | 1.50 | |||
|
$ 3.00 – $11.92 |
427,176 | 4.90 | 10.79 | ||||
|
$12.38 – $19.48 |
463,604 | 5.69 | 16.61 | ||||
|
$20.02 – $22.81 |
461,016 | 6.97 | 21.56 | ||||
|
$22.83 – $26.29 |
462,788 | 7.19 | 24.67 | ||||
|
$26.35 – $27.24 |
423,664 | 6.62 | 26.85 | ||||
|
$27.25 – $30.84 |
505,602 | 7.07 | 29.19 | ||||
|
$30.89 – $36.51 |
457,751 | 6.59 | 33.65 | ||||
|
$36.95 – $53.80 |
421,536 | 9.49 | 43.23 | ||||
|
$58.23 |
37,244 | 9.92 | 58.23 | ||||
| 4,241,438 | |||||||
Stock-Based Compensation
Vested stock options granted before June 30, 2004 can be exercised up to three months following termination of employment. Vested stock options granted after June 30, 2004 and before January 1, 2007 can be exercised up to one year following termination of employment. For newly granted options, beginning in January 2007, employee stock options will remain exercisable for the full ten year contractual term regardless of employment status. In conjunction with this change, the Company changed its method of calculating the fair value of new stock-based compensation awards granted under its stock option plans from a Black-Scholes model to a lattice-binomial model. The Company believes that the lattice-binomial model is more capable of incorporating the features of the Company’s employee stock options than closed-form models such as the Black-Scholes model. The lattice-binomial model has been applied prospectively to options granted in 2007. The following table summarizes the assumptions used to value option grants using a lattice-binomial model:
| Year Ended December 31, | |||||||||
| 2009 | 2008 | 2007 | |||||||
|
Dividend yield |
0 | % | 0 | % | 0 | % | |||
|
Expected volatility |
46% – 56 | % | 50% – 60 | % | 43% – 52 | % | |||
|
Risk-free interest rate |
2.60% – 3.62 | % | 3.68% – 4.00 | % | 4.40% – 4.92 | % | |||
|
Suboptimal exercise factor |
1.73 – 2.01 | 1.76 – 2.04 | 1.77 – 2.09 | ||||||
The fair value of shares issued under the ESPP is estimated using the Black-Scholes option pricing model. The following table summarizes the assumptions used to value shares issued under the ESPP:
| Year Ended December 31, | ||||||
| 2009 | 2008 | 2007 | ||||
|
Dividend yield |
0% | 0% | 0% | |||
|
Expected volatility |
42% – 55% | 55% – 60% | 38% – 47% | |||
|
Risk-free interest rate |
0.16% – 0.35% | 1.23% – 1.58% | 4.16% – 5.07% | |||
|
Expected life (in years) |
0.5 | 0.5 | 0.5 | |||
The Company estimates expected volatility based on a blend of historical volatility of the Company’s common stock and implied volatility of tradable forward call options to purchase shares of its common stock. The Company believes that implied volatility of publicly traded options in its common stock is expected to be more reflective of market conditions and, therefore, can reasonably be expected to be a better indicator of expected volatility than historical volatility of its common stock.
The Company bifurcates its option grants into two employee groupings (executive and non-executive) based on exercise behavior and considers several factors in determining the estimate of expected term for each group, including the historical option exercise behavior, the terms and vesting periods of the options granted. In the year ended December 31, 2009, the Company used a suboptimal exercise factor ranging from 1.87 to 2.01 for executives and 1.73 to 1.76 for non-executives, which resulted in a calculated expected term of the option grants of 4 years for executives and 3 years for non-executives. In the year ended December 31, 2008, the Company used a suboptimal exercise factor ranging from 1.90 to 2.04 for executives and 1.76 to 1.77 for non-executives, which resulted in a calculated expected term of the option grants of 4 years for executives and 3 years for non-executives. In the year ended December 31, 2007, the Company used a suboptimal exercise factor ranging from 2.06 to 2.09 for executives and 1.77 to 1.78 for non-executives, which resulted in a calculated expected term of the option grants of 5 years for executives and 4 years for non-executives.
In valuing shares issued under the Company’s employee stock options, the Company bases the risk-free interest rate on U.S. Treasury zero-coupon issues with terms similar to the contractual term of the options. In valuing shares issued under the Company’s ESPP, the Company bases the risk-free interest rate on U.S. Treasury zero-coupon issues with terms similar to the expected term of the shares. The Company does not anticipate paying any cash dividends in the foreseeable future and therefore uses an expected dividend yield of zero in the option valuation model. The Company does not use a post-vesting termination rate as options are fully vested upon grant date. The weighted-average fair value of employee stock options granted during 2009, 2008 and 2007 was $17.79, $12.25 and $9.68 per share, respectively. The weighted-average fair value of shares granted under the employee stock purchase plan during 2009, 2008 and 2007 was $14.44, $8.28 and $6.70 per share, respectively.
The following table summarizes stock-based compensation expense, net of tax, related to stock option plans and employee stock purchases which was allocated as follows:
| Year Ended December 31, | ||||||||||||
| 2009 | 2008 | 2007 | ||||||||||
| (in thousands) | ||||||||||||
|
Fulfillment expenses |
$ | $380 | $ | 466 | $ | 427 | ||||||
|
Technology and development |
4,453 | 3,890 | 3,695 | |||||||||
|
Marketing |
1,786 | 1,886 | 2,160 | |||||||||
|
General and administrative |
5,999 | 6,022 | 5,694 | |||||||||
|
Stock-based compensation expense before income taxes |
12,618 | 12,264 | 11,976 | |||||||||
|
Income tax benefit |
(5,017 | ) | (4,585 | ) | (4,760 | ) | ||||||
|
Total stock-based compensation after income taxes |
$ | 7,601 | $ | 7,679 | $ | 7,216 | ||||||
|
|||
8. Income Taxes
The components of provision for income taxes for all periods presented were as follows:
| Year Ended December 31, | ||||||||||||
| 2009 | 2008 | 2007 | ||||||||||
| (in thousands) | ||||||||||||
|
Current tax provision: |
||||||||||||
|
Federal |
$ | 55,104 | $ | 41,883 | $ | 38,002 | ||||||
|
State |
14,900 | 12,063 | 7,208 | |||||||||
|
Total current |
70,004 | 53,946 | 45,210 | |||||||||
|
Deferred tax provision: |
||||||||||||
|
Federal |
6,568 | (3,680 | ) | (645 | ) | |||||||
|
State |
(240 | ) | (1,792 | ) | (248 | ) | ||||||
|
Total deferred |
6,328 | (5,472 | ) | (893 | ) | |||||||
|
Provision for income taxes |
$ | 76,332 | $ | 48,474 | $ | 44,317 | ||||||
A reconciliation of the provision for income taxes, with the amount computed by applying the statutory federal income tax rate to income before provision for income taxes for the three years ended December 31, 2009 is as follows:
| Year Ended December 31, | ||||||||||||
| 2009 | 2008 | 2007 | ||||||||||
| (in thousands) | ||||||||||||
|
Expected tax expense at U.S. federal statutory rate of 35% |
$ | 67,267 | $ | 46,060 | $ | 39,025 | ||||||
|
State income taxes, net of Federal income tax effect |
10,350 | 5,155 | 5,818 | |||||||||
|
Valuation allowance |
— | — | (80 | ) | ||||||||
|
R&D tax credit |
(1,600 | ) | (3,321 | ) | — | |||||||
|
Stock-based compensation |
(89 | ) | 108 | (248 | ) | |||||||
|
Other |
404 | 472 | (198 | ) | ||||||||
|
Provision for income taxes |
$ | 76,332 | $ | 48,474 | $ | 44,317 | ||||||
The tax effects of temporary differences and tax carryforwards that give rise to significant portions of the deferred tax assets are presented below (in thousands):
| Year Ended December 31, | |||||||
| 2009 | 2008 | ||||||
|
Deferred tax assets: |
|||||||
|
Accruals and reserves |
$ | 1,144 | $ | 1,378 | |||
|
Depreciation |
(3,259 | ) | 2,947 | ||||
|
Stock-based compensation |
16,824 | 17,440 | |||||
|
R&D credits |
3,178 | 2,636 | |||||
|
Other |
1,166 | 1,103 | |||||
|
Deferred tax assets |
$ | 19,053 | $ | 25,504 | |||
In evaluating its ability to realize the deferred tax assets, the Company considered all available positive and negative evidence, including its past operating results and the forecast of future market growth, forecasted earnings, future taxable income, and prudent and feasible tax planning strategies. As of December 31, 2009 and 2008, it was considered more likely than not that substantially all deferred tax assets would be realized, and no valuation allowance was recorded.
The Company classifies gross interest and penalties and unrecognized tax benefits that are not expected to result in payment or receipt of cash within one year as non-current liabilities in the consolidated balance sheet. As of December 31, 2009, the total amount of gross unrecognized tax benefits was $13.2 million, of which $10.7 million, if recognized, would favorably impact the Company’s effective tax rate. As of December 31, 2008, the Company had $10.9 million gross unrecognized benefits, of which $8.7 million, if recognized, would favorably impact the Company’s effective tax rate. The Company’s unrecognized tax benefits are classified as other non-current liabilities in the Consolidated Balance Sheet. The aggregate changes in the Company’s total gross amount of unrecognized tax benefits are summarized as follows (in thousands):
|
Balance as of December 31, 2007 |
$ | — | |
|
Increases related to tax positions taken during the current period |
10,859 | ||
|
Balance as of December 31, 2008 |
$ | 10,859 | |
|
Increases related to tax positions taken during the current period |
2,385 | ||
|
Balance as of December 31, 2009 |
$ | 13,244 | |
The Company includes interest and penalties related to unrecognized tax benefits within the provision for income taxes. As of the date of adoption, the Company had no accrued gross interest and penalties relating to unrecognized tax benefits. As of December 31, 2009, the total amount of gross interest and penalties accrued was $0.9 million, which is classified as other non-current liabilities in the consolidated balance sheet.
The Company files income tax returns in the U.S. federal jurisdiction and all of the states where income tax is imposed. The Company is subject to US federal income tax examinations by the IRS for years after 2000 and state income tax examination by state taxing authorities for years after 1999. The Company does not believe it is reasonably possible that its unrecognized tax benefits would significantly change over the next twelve months.
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9. Employee Benefit Plan
The Company maintains a 401(k) savings plan covering substantially all of its employees. Eligible employees may contribute up to 60% of their annual salary through payroll deductions, but not more than the statutory limits set by the Internal Revenue Service. The Company matches employee contributions at the discretion of the Board of Directors. During 2009, 2008 and 2007, the Company’s matching contributions totaled $2.3 million, $2.0 million and $1.5 million, respectively.
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10. Related Party Transaction
In April 2007, Netflix entered into a license agreement with a company in which an employee had a significant ownership interest at that time. Pursuant to this agreement, Netflix recorded a charge of $2.5 million in technology and development expense. In January 2008, in conjunction with various arrangements Netflix paid a total of $6.0 million to this same company, of which $5.7 million was accounted for as an investment under the cost method. In conjunction with these arrangements, the employee with the significant ownership interest in the same company terminated his employment with Netflix. In the fourth quarter of 2009, Netflix sold its investment in this company to an unrelated party and realized a pre-tax gain of $1.8 million.
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11. Selected Quarterly Financial Data (Unaudited)
| December 31 | September 30 | June 30 | March 31 | |||||||||
|
2009 |
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|
Total revenues |
$ | 444,542 | 423,120 | 408,509 | 394,098 | |||||||
|
Gross profit |
169,056 | 147,846 | 139,266 | 134,830 | ||||||||
|
Net income |
30,913 | 30,141 | 32,443 | 22,363 | ||||||||
|
Net income per share: |
||||||||||||
|
Basic |
0.58 | 0.54 | 0.56 | 0.38 | ||||||||
|
Diluted |
0.56 | 0.52 | 0.54 | 0.37 | ||||||||
|
2008 |
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|
Total revenues |
$ | 359,595 | $ | 341,269 | $ | 337,614 | $ | 326,183 | ||||
|
Gross profit |
126,749 | 116,773 | 107,527 | 103,378 | ||||||||
|
Net income |
22,732 | 20,371 | 26,579 | 13,344 | ||||||||
|
Net income per share: |
||||||||||||
|
Basic |
0.39 | 0.34 | 0.43 | 0.21 | ||||||||
|
Diluted |
0.38 | 0.33 | 0.42 | 0.21 | ||||||||
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