UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
						
Form	10-Q	
(Mark one)
						
☑	QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934	
For the quarterly period ended September 30, 2020
Or
						
☐	TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934	
For the transition period from to
Commission file number 1-14037
____________________
Moody’s Corporation
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
												
Delaware		13-3998945	
(State of Incorporation)		(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)	
7 World Trade Center at 250 Greenwich Street, New York, New York 10007
(Address of Principal Executive Offices)
(Zip Code)

Registrant’s telephone number, including area code:
(212) 553-0300
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of each class		Trading Symbol(s)		Name of each exchange on which registered	
Common Stock, par value $0.01 per share		MCO		New York Stock Exchange	
1.75% Senior Notes Due 2027		MCO 27		New York Stock Exchange	
0.950% Senior Notes Due 2030		MCO 30		New York Stock Exchange	
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Sections 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☑ No ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T during the preceding 12 months, or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files. Yes ☑ No ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check one):

Large Accelerated Filer	☑		Accelerated filer	☐	
Non-accelerated filer	☐		Smaller reporting company	☐	
Emerging growth company	☐				
If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐ No ☑
Indicate the number of shares outstanding of each of the issuer’s classes of common stock, as of the latest practicable date:

Shares Outstanding at September 30, 2020	
187.8 million	

Table of Contents

	MOODY’S CORPORATION
INDEX TO FORM 10-Q		
		Page(s)	
	Glossary of Terms and Abbreviations	3-7	
	PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION		
Item 1.	Financial Statements		
	Consolidated Statements of Operations (Unaudited) for the Three and Nine Months Ended September 30, 2020 and 2019	8	
	Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Unaudited) for the Three and Nine Months Ended September 30, 2020 and 2019	9	
	Consolidated Balance Sheets (Unaudited) at September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019	10	
	Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows (Unaudited) for the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2020 and 2019	11	
	Consolidated Statements of Shareholders’ Equity (Unaudited) for the Three and Nine Months Ended September 30, 2020 and 2019	12-15	
	Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)	16-49	
Item 2.	Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations		
	The Company	50	
	Corporate Social Responsibility and Sustainability	50-51	
	Critical Accounting Estimates	51-54	
	Reportable Segments	54	
	Results of Operations	55-83	
	Liquidity and Capital Resources	83-90	
	Recently Issued Accounting Standards	91	
	Contingencies	91	
	Regulation	91-92	
	Forward-Looking Statements	93	
Item 3.	Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk	94	
Item 4.	Controls and Procedures	94	
	PART II. OTHER INFORMATION		
Item 1.	Legal Proceedings	95	
Item 1A.	Risk Factors	95	
Item 2.	Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds	95	
Item 5.	Other Information	95	
Item 6.	Exhibits	96	
			
SIGNATURES		
	Exhibits Filed Herewith		
	
31.1	Chief Executive Officer Certification Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002		
31.2	Chief Financial Officer Certification Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002		
32.1	Chief Executive Officer Certification Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002		
32.2	Chief Financial Officer Certification Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002		
101.INS	Inline XBRL Instance Document (the instance document does not appear in the Interactive Data File because its XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document)		
101.SCH	Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document		
101.CAL	Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document		
101.DEF	Inline XBRL Definitions Linkbase Document		
101.LAB	Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Labels Linkbase Document		
101.PRE	Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document		
104	Cover Page Interactive Data File (formatted as inline XBRL and contained in Exhibit 101)		

Table of Contents
GLOSSARY OF TERMS AND ABBREVIATIONS
The following terms, abbreviations and acronyms are used to identify frequently used terms in this report:
						
TERM	DEFINITION	
ABS Suite	Business acquired by the Company in October 2019 which includes a software platform used by issuers and trustees for administration of asset-backed and mortgage-backed securities programs	
Acquisition-Related Amortization	Amortization of definite-lived intangible assets acquired by the Company from all business combination transactions	
Acquire Media (AM)	Business acquired by the Company in October 2020; an aggregator and distributor of curated real-time news, multimedia, data, and alerts.	
Acquisition-Related Expenses	Consists of expenses incurred to complete and integrate the acquisition of Bureau van Dijk for which the integration will be a multi-year effort	
Adjusted Diluted EPS	Diluted EPS excluding the impact of certain items as detailed in the section entitled “Non-GAAP Financial Measures”	
Adjusted Net Income	Net Income excluding the impact of certain items as detailed in the section entitled “Non-GAAP Financial Measures”	
Adjusted Operating Income	Operating income excluding the impact of certain items as detailed in the section entitled “Non-GAAP Financial Measures”	
Adjusted Operating Margin	Adjusted Operating Income divided by revenue	
Americas	Represents countries within North and South America, excluding the U.S.	
AOCL	Accumulated other comprehensive loss; a separate component of shareholders’ equity	
ASC	The FASB Accounting Standards Codification; the sole source of authoritative GAAP as of July 1, 2009 except for rules and interpretive releases of the SEC, which are also sources of authoritative GAAP for SEC registrants	
Asia-Pacific	Represents Australia and countries in Asia including but not limited to: China, India, Indonesia, Japan, Korea, Malaysia, Singapore, Sri Lanka and Thailand	
ASR	Accelerated Share Repurchase	
ASU	The FASB Accounting Standards Update to the ASC. It also provides background information for accounting guidance and the bases for conclusions on the changes in the ASC. ASUs are not considered authoritative until codified into the ASC	
Board	The board of directors of the Company	
BPS	Basis points	
Bureau van Dijk	Bureau van Dijk Electronic Publishing, B.V., a global provider of business intelligence and company information; acquired by the Company on August 10, 2017 via the acquisition of Yellow Maple I B.V., an indirect parent of Bureau van Dijk	
	
CFG	Corporate finance group; an LOB of MIS	
CLO	Collateralized loan obligation	
CMBS	Commercial mortgage-backed securities; an asset class within SFG	
COLI	Corporate-Owned Life Insurance	
Common Stock	The Company’s common stock	
Company	Moody’s Corporation and its subsidiaries; MCO; Moody’s	
Content	A reporting unit within the MA segment that offers subscription-based research, data and analytical products, including credit ratings produced by MIS, credit research, quantitative credit scores and other analytical tools, economic research and forecasts, business intelligence and company information products, and commercial real estate data and analytical tools	
COVID-19	An outbreak of a novel strain of coronavirus resulting in an international public health crisis and a global pandemic	
CP	Commercial Paper	
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Table of Contents
						
TERM	DEFINITION	
CP Program	A program entered into on August 3, 2016 allowing the Company to privately place CP up to a maximum of $1 billion for which the maturity may not exceed 397 days from the date of issue and which is backstopped by the 2018 Facility	
CRAs	Credit rating agencies	
DBPP	Defined benefit pension plans	
Dodd-Frank Act	Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act	
EMEA	Represents countries within Europe, the Middle East and Africa	
EPS	Earnings per share	
ERS	The Enterprise Risk Solutions LOB within MA, which offers risk management software solutions as well as related risk management advisory engagements services	
ESG	Environmental, Social, and Governance	
ESMA	European Securities and Markets Authority	
ETR	Effective tax rate	
EU	European Union	
EUR	Euros	
EURIBOR	The Euro Interbank Offered Rate	
Excess Tax Benefits	The difference between the tax benefit realized at exercise of an option or delivery of a restricted share and the tax benefit recorded at the time the option or restricted share is expensed under GAAP	
Exchange Act	The Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended	
External Revenue	Revenue excluding any intersegment amounts	
FASB	Financial Accounting Standards Board	
FIG	Financial institutions group; an LOB of MIS	
Four Twenty Seven	A provider of data, intelligence, and analysis related to physical climate risks; acquired by the Company in July 2019	
Free Cash Flow	Net cash provided by operating activities less cash paid for capital additions	
FX	Foreign exchange	
GAAP	U.S. Generally Accepted Accounting Principles	
GBP	British pounds	
ICRA	ICRA Limited; a provider of credit ratings and research in India. ICRA is a public company with its shares listed on the Bombay Stock Exchange and the National Stock Exchange of India. The Company previously held 28.5% equity ownership and in June 2014, increased that ownership stake to over 50% through the acquisition of additional shares	
IRS	Internal Revenue Service	
IT	Information technology	
	
KIS Pricing	Korea Investors Service Pricing, Inc; a Korean provider of fixed income securities pricing and consolidated subsidiary of the Company	
KIS Research	Korea Investors Service Research; a Korean provider of financial research and consolidated subsidiary of the Company	
Korea	Republic of South Korea	
LIBOR	London Interbank Offered Rate	
LOB	Line of business	
MA	Moody’s Analytics - a reportable segment of MCO which provides a wide range of products and services that support financial analysis and risk management activities of institutional participants in global financial markets; consists of two LOBs - RD&A and ERS	
Make Whole Amount	The prepayment penalty amount relating to the 2017 Senior Notes due 2021 and 2018 Senior Notes due 2021 which is a premium based on the excess, if any, of the discounted value of the remaining scheduled payments over the prepaid principal	
4

Table of Contents
						
TERM	DEFINITION	
MAKS	Moody’s Analytics Knowledge Services; formerly known as Copal Amba; provided offshore research and analytic services to the global financial and corporate sectors; business was divested in the fourth quarter of 2019 and was formerly part of the PS LOB and a reporting unit within the MA reportable segment	
MALS	Moody’s Analytics Learning Solutions; a reporting unit within the MA segment that includes on-line and classroom-based training services as well as credentialing and certification services	
MCO	Moody’s Corporation and its subsidiaries; the Company; Moody’s	
MD&A	Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	
MIS	Moody’s Investors Service - a reportable segment of MCO; consists of five LOBs - SFG, CFG, FIG, PPIF and MIS Other	
MIS Other	Consists of non-ratings revenue from ICRA, KIS Pricing, KIS Research and revenue from providing ESG research, data and assessments. These businesses are components of MIS; MIS Other is an LOB of MIS	
Moody’s	Moody’s Corporation and its subsidiaries; MCO; the Company	
Net Income	Net income attributable to Moody’s Corporation, which excludes net income from consolidated noncontrolling interests belonging to the minority interest holder	
New Credit Losses Accounting Standard	Updates to the ASC pursuant to ASU No. 2016-13, “Financial Instruments—Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments”. This new accounting guidance requires the use of an “expected credit loss” impairment model for most financial assets reported at amortized cost, which will require entities to estimate expected credit losses over the lifetime of the instrument.	
New Internal Use Software Accounting Standard	Updates to the ASC pursuant to ASU No. 2018-15, “Intangibles—Goodwill and Other—Internal-Use Software (Subtopic 350-40): Customer’s Accounting for Implementation Costs Incurred in a Cloud Computing Arrangement that is a Service Contract”. This new accounting guidance requires implementation costs incurred by customers in cloud computing arrangements (i.e., hosting arrangements) to be capitalized under the same premises of authoritative guidance for internal-use software.	
NM	Percentage change is not meaningful	
Non-GAAP	A financial measure not in accordance with GAAP; these measures, when read in conjunction with the Company’s reported results, can provide useful supplemental information for investors analyzing period-to-period comparisons of the Company’s performance, facilitate comparisons to competitors’ operating results and to provide greater transparency to investors of supplemental information used by management in its financial and operational decision making	
NRSRO	Nationally Recognized Statistical Rating Organization, which is a credit rating agency registered with the SEC.	
OCI	Other comprehensive income (loss); includes gains and losses on cash flow and net investment hedges, unrealized gains and losses on available for sale securities (in periods prior to January 1, 2018), certain gains and losses relating to pension and other retirement benefit obligations and foreign currency translation adjustments	
Operating segment	Term defined in the ASC relating to segment reporting; the ASC defines an operating segment as a component of a business entity that has each of the three following characteristics: i) the component engages in business activities from which it may recognize revenue and incur expenses; ii) the operating results of the component are regularly reviewed by the entity’s chief operating decision maker; and iii) discrete financial information about the component is available	
Other Retirement Plan	The U.S. retirement healthcare and U.S. retirement life insurance plans	
PPIF	Public, project and infrastructure finance; an LOB of MIS	
Profit Participation Plan	Defined contribution profit participation plan that covers substantially all U.S. employees of the Company	
5

Table of Contents
						
TERM	DEFINITION	
PS	Professional Services, a former LOB within MA which consisted of MAKS and MALS that provided offshore analytical and research services as well as learning solutions and certification programs. Subsequent to the divestiture of MAKS in 2019, revenue from the MALS reporting unit, which previous to 2020 was reported in the PS LOB, is now reported as part of the RD&A LOB. Prior periods have not been reclassified as the amounts were not material.	
RBA International (RBA)	A provider of online retail bank training and certifications; the Company acquired RBA in March 2020	
RD&A	An LOB within MA that offers subscription-based research, data and analytical products, including credit ratings produced by MIS, credit research, quantitative credit scores and other analytical tools, economic research and forecasts, business intelligence and company information products, and commercial real estate data and analytical tools	
Redeemable Noncontrolling Interest	Represents minority shareholders' interest in entities which are controlled but not wholly-owned by Moody's and for which Moody's obligation to redeem the minority shareholders' interest is represented by a put/call relationship	
Reform Act	Credit Rating Agency Reform Act of 2006	
Regulatory DataCorp Inc. (RDC)	A global leader in risk and compliance intelligence; the Company acquired RDC in February 2020	
Reis, Inc. (Reis)	A provider of U.S. commercial real estate data; acquired by the Company in October 2018	
Relationship Revenue	For MIS, represents recurring monitoring fees of a rated debt obligation and/or entities that issue such obligations, as well as revenue from programs such as commercial paper, medium-term notes and shelf registrations. For MIS Other, represents subscription-based revenue. For MA, represents subscription-based revenue and software maintenance revenue	
Reporting unit	The level at which Moody’s evaluates its goodwill for impairment under U.S. GAAP; defined as an operating segment or one level below an operating segment	
Retirement Plans	Moody’s funded and unfunded pension plans, the healthcare plans and life insurance plans	
Revenue Accounting Standard	Updates to the ASC pursuant to ASU No. 2014-09, “Revenue from Contracts with Customers (ASC Topic 606)”. This new accounting guidance significantly changes the accounting framework under U.S. GAAP relating to revenue recognition and to the accounting for the deferral of incremental costs of obtaining or fulfilling a contract with a customer	
RiskFirst	A company providing risk analytic solutions for the asset management and pension fund communities; acquired by the Company in July 2019	
RMBS	Residential mortgage-backed securities; an asset class within SFG	
ROU Asset	Assets recorded pursuant to the New Lease Accounting Standard which represent the Company’s right to use an underlying asset for the term of a lease	
SEC	U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission	
	
SFG	Structured finance group; an LOB of MIS	
SG&A	Selling, general and administrative expenses	
Tax Act	The “Tax Cuts and Jobs Act” enacted into U.S. law on December 22, 2017 which significantly amends the tax code in the U.S.	
	
Transaction Revenue	For MIS, represents the initial rating of a new debt issuance as well as other one-time fees. For MIS Other, represents revenue from professional services as well as data services, research and analytical engagements. For MA, represents perpetual software license fees and revenue from software implementation services, risk management advisory projects, training and certification services, and research and analytical engagements	
U.K.	United Kingdom	
U.S.	United States	
USD	U.S. dollar	
UTPs	Uncertain tax positions	
6

Table of Contents
						
TERM	DEFINITION	
Vigeo Eiris	A provider of in ESG research, data and assessments; acquired by the Company on April 12, 2019	
2018 Restructuring Program	Restructuring program approved by the chief executive officer of Moody’s on October 26, 2018. This program included relocation of certain functions from high-cost to lower-cost jurisdictions, a reduction of staff, including from acquisitions and pursuant to a review of the business criticality of certain positions, and the rationalization and exit of certain real estate leases due to consolidation of various business activities.	
2020 Restructuring Program	Restructuring program approved by the chief executive officer of Moody’s on July 29, 2020, primarily in response to the COVID-19 pandemic which revolves around the rationalization and exit of certain real estate leases.	
2012 Senior Notes	Principal amount of $500 million, 4.50% senior unsecured notes due in September 2022	
2013 Senior Notes	Principal amount of the $500 million, 4.875% senior unsecured notes due in February 2024	
2014 Senior Notes (30-Year)	Principal amount of $600 million, 5.25% senior unsecured notes due in July 2044	
2015 Senior Notes	Principal amount of €500 million, 1.75% senior unsecured notes due in March 2027	
2017 Senior Notes Due 2023	Principal amount of $500 million, 2.625% senior unsecured notes due January 15, 2023	
2017 Senior Notes Due 2028	Principal amount of $500 million, 3.250% senior unsecured notes due January 15, 2028	
2017 Senior Notes Due 2021	Principal amount of $500 million, 2.75% senior unsecured notes originally due in December 2021, but early repaid by the Company in 2020.	
2018 Facility	Five-year unsecured revolving credit facility, with capacity to borrow up to $1 billion; backstops CP issued under the CP Program	
2018 Senior Notes	Principal amount of $300 million, 3.25% senior unsecured notes originally due in June 2021, but early repaid by the Company in 2020.	
2018 Senior Notes (10-year)	Principal amount of $400 million, 4.25% senior unsecured notes due February 1, 2029	
2018 Senior Notes (30-year)	Principal amount of $400 million, 4.875% senior unsecured notes due December 17, 2048	
2019 Senior Notes	Principal amount of €750 million, 0.950% senior unsecured notes due February 25, 2030	
2020 Senior Notes Due 2025	Principal amount of $700 million, 3.75% senior unsecured notes due March 24, 2025	
2020 Senior Notes Due 2050	Principal amount of $300 million, 3.25% senior unsecured notes due May 20, 2050	
2020 Senior Notes Due 2060	Principal amount of $500 million, 2.55% senior unsecured notes due August 18, 2060	

7

Table of Contents
PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Item 1. Financial Statements

MOODY’S CORPORATION
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS (UNAUDITED)
(Amounts in millions, except per share data)

	Three Months Ended
September 30,		Nine Months Ended
September 30,	
	2020		2019		2020		2019	
Revenue	$	1,356 			$	1,240 			$	4,081 			$	3,596 		
Expenses								
Operating	364 			350 			1,066 			1,032 		
Selling, general and administrative	271 			292 			879 			848 		
Restructuring	23 			(1)			20 			58 		
Depreciation and amortization	56 			48 			163 			150 		
Acquisition-Related Expenses	— 			— 			— 			3 		
Loss pursuant to the divestiture of MAKS	— 			2 			9 			11 		
Total expenses	714 			691 			2,137 			2,102 		
Operating income	642 			549 			1,944 			1,494 		
Non-operating (expense) income, net								
Interest expense, net	(53)			(46)			(153)			(149)		
Other non-operating income, net	10 			10 			38 			12 		
Total non-operating expense, net	(43)			(36)			(115)			(137)		
Income before provisions for income taxes	599 			513 			1,829 			1,357 		
Provision for income taxes	132 			130 			366 			290 		
Net income	467 			383 			1,463 			1,067 		
Less: Net (loss) income attributable to noncontrolling interests	— 			3 			(1)			5 		
Net income attributable to Moody's	$	467 			$	380 			$	1,464 			$	1,062 		
Earnings per share attributable to Moody's common shareholders								
Basic	$	2.49 			$	2.01 			$	7.80 			$	5.60 		
Diluted	$	2.47 			$	1.99 			$	7.73 			$	5.54 		
Weighted average number of shares outstanding								
Basic	187.8 			189.0 			187.6 			189.6 		
Diluted	189.3 			191.1 			189.3 			191.8 		
The accompanying notes are an integral part of the condensed consolidated financial statements.
8

Table of Contents
MOODY’S CORPORATION
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (UNAUDITED)
(Amounts in millions)

	Three Months Ended
September 30, 2020		Three Months Ended
September 30, 2019	
	Pre-tax
amounts		Tax
amounts		After-tax
amounts		Pre-tax
amounts		Tax
amounts		After-tax
amounts	
Net Income					$	467 							$	383 		
Other Comprehensive Income (loss):												
Foreign Currency Adjustments:												
Foreign currency translation adjustments, net	$	204 			$	(17)			187 			$	(194)			$	— 			(194)		
Net (losses) gains on net investment hedges	(191)			48 			(143)			136 			(34)			102 		
Net investment hedges - reclassification of gains included in net income	— 			— 			— 			(1)			— 			(1)		

	
Pension and Other Retirement Benefits:												
Amortization of actuarial losses and prior service costs included in net income	2 			— 			2 			1 			— 			1 		
Net actuarial (losses) gains and prior service costs	(9)			2 			(7)			— 			— 			— 		
Total other comprehensive income (loss)	$	6 			$	33 			$	39 			$	(58)			$	(34)			$	(92)		
Comprehensive income					506 							291 		
Less: comprehensive income attributable to noncontrolling interests					1 							3 		
Comprehensive Income Attributable to Moody's					$	505 							$	288 		

																																				
	Nine Months Ended
September 30, 2020		Nine Months Ended
September 30, 2019	
				
	Pre-tax
amounts		Tax
amounts		After-tax
amounts		Pre-tax
amounts		Tax
amounts		After-tax
amounts	
Net Income					$	1,463 							$	1,067 		
Other Comprehensive Income (loss):												
Foreign Currency Adjustments:												
Foreign currency translation adjustments, net	$	107 			$	(11)			96 			$	(179)			$	— 			(179)		
Net (losses) gains on net investment hedges	(169)			42 			(127)			130 			(33)			97 		
	
Net investment hedges - reclassification of gains included in net income	— 			— 			— 			(1)			— 			(1)		
Cash Flow Hedges:												
Net losses on cash flow hedges	(68)			18 			(50)			— 			— 			— 		
Reclassification of losses included in net income	1 			— 			1 			— 			— 			— 		
Pension and Other Retirement Benefits:												
Amortization of actuarial losses and prior service costs included in net income	5 			(1)			4 			3 			(1)			2 		
Net actuarial gains (losses) and prior service costs	(1)			— 			(1)			(2)			1 			(1)		
Total other comprehensive (loss) income	$	(125)			$	48 			(77)			$	(49)			$	(33)			(82)		
Comprehensive income					1,386 							985 		
Less: comprehensive (loss) income attributable to noncontrolling interests					(12)							15 		
Comprehensive Income Attributable to Moody's					$	1,398 							$	970 		
The accompanying notes are an integral part of the condensed consolidated financial statements.

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Table of Contents
MOODY’S CORPORATION
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS (UNAUDITED)
(Amounts in millions, except per share data)
												
	September 30, 2020		December 31, 2019	
ASSETS				
Current assets:				
Cash and cash equivalents	$	2,492 			$	1,832 		
Short-term investments	96 			98 		
Accounts receivable, net of allowance for credit losses of $41 in 2020 and $20 in 2019	1,360 			1,419 		
Other current assets	333 			330 		
	
Total current assets	4,281 			3,679 		
Property and equipment, net of accumulated depreciation of $907 in 2020 and $839 in 2019	282 			292 		
Operating lease right-of-use assets	410 			456 		
Goodwill	4,282 			3,722 		
Intangible assets, net	1,717 			1,498 		
Deferred tax assets, net	232 			229 		
Other assets	468 			389 		
Total assets	$	11,672 			$	10,265 		
LIABILITIES, REDEEMABLE NONCONTROLLING INTERESTS AND SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY	
Current liabilities:				
Accounts payable and accrued liabilities	$	712 			$	773 		
Current portion of operating lease liabilities	91 			89 		

Deferred revenue	918 			1,050 		
	
Total current liabilities	1,721 			1,912 		
Non-current portion of deferred revenue	102 			112 		
Long-term debt	6,363 			5,581 		
Deferred tax liabilities, net	385 			357 		
Uncertain tax positions	471 			477 		
Operating lease liabilities	439 			485 		
Other liabilities	498 			504 		
Total liabilities	9,979 			9,428 		
Contingencies (Note 19)				
Redeemable noncontrolling interest	5 			6 		
Shareholders' equity:	
Preferred stock, par value $0.01 per share; 10,000,000 shares authorized; no shares issued and outstanding	— 			— 		
Series Common Stock, par value $0.01 per share; 10,000,000 shares authorized; no shares issued and outstanding	— 			— 		
Common stock, par value $0.01 per share; 1,000,000,000 shares authorized; 342,902,272 shares issued at September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively.	3 			3 		
Capital surplus	699 			642 		
Retained earnings	10,804 			9,656 		
Treasury stock, at cost; 155,064,080 and 155,215,143 shares of common stock at September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019	(9,505)			(9,250)		
Accumulated other comprehensive loss	(504)			(439)		
Total Moody's shareholders' equity	1,497 			612 		
Noncontrolling interests	191 			219 		
Total shareholders' equity	1,688 			831 		
Total liabilities, noncontrolling interests and shareholders' equity	$	11,672 			$	10,265 		
The accompanying notes are an integral part of the condensed consolidated financial statements.
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MOODY’S CORPORATION
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS (UNAUDITED)
(Amounts in millions)
												
	Nine Months Ended September 30,	
	2020		2019	
Cash flows from operating activities		
Net income	$	1,463 			$	1,067 		
Reconciliation of net income to net cash provided by operating activities:				
Depreciation and amortization	163 			150 		
Stock-based compensation	110 			103 		
Deferred income taxes	(1)			(22)		
ROU Asset impairment & other non-cash restructuring/impairment charges	23 			38 		
Loss pursuant to the divestiture of MAKS	9 			11 		
Settlement of treasury rate lock	(68)			— 		
Prepayment penalty relating to early redemption of debt	24 			— 		
Changes in assets and liabilities:				
Accounts receivable	73 			36 		
Other current assets	(8)			(8)		
	
Other assets	(89)			(32)		

Accounts payable and accrued liabilities	(28)			(100)		
Deferred revenue	(171)			(96)		
Unrecognized tax benefits and other non-current tax liabilities	(9)			(17)		
Other liabilities	(3)			66 		
Net cash provided by operating activities	1,488 			1,196 		
Cash flows from investing activities	
Capital additions	(83)			(61)		
Purchases of investments	(130)			(111)		
Sales and maturities of investments	57 			139 		
	
Cash paid for acquisitions, net of cash acquired	(699)			(121)		
Receipts from settlements of net investment hedges	2 			4 		
Net cash used in investing activities	(853)			(150)		
Cash flows from financing activities				
Issuance of notes	1,491 			— 		
Repayment of notes	(800)			(450)		
Issuance of commercial paper	789 			1,307 		
Repayment of commercial paper	(792)			(1,310)		
Proceeds from stock-based compensation plans	41 			37 		
Repurchase of shares related to stock-based compensation	(101)			(76)		
Treasury shares	(253)			(728)		
Dividends	(315)			(284)		
Debt issuance costs, extinguishment costs and related fees	(39)			— 		
Dividends to noncontrolling interest	(1)			(1)		
Payment to acquire noncontrolling interests	(17)			(12)		
	
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities	3 			(1,517)		
Reclassification of cash to assets held for sale	— 			(11)		
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents	22 			(25)		
Increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents	660 			(507)		
Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of period	1,832 			1,685 		
Cash and cash equivalents, end of period	$	2,492 			$	1,178 		
The accompanying notes are an integral part of the condensed consolidated financial statements.
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MOODY’S CORPORATION
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY (UNAUDITED)
(Amounts in millions, except per share data)
																																																												
Shareholders of Moody's Corporation				
	Common Stock		Capital Surplus		Retained Earnings		Treasury Stock		Accumulated
Other
Comprehensive
Loss		Total Moody's
Shareholders'
Equity		Non- Controlling
Interests		Total
Shareholders'
Equity	
	Shares		Amount						Shares		Amount									
Balance at June 30, 2019	342.9 			$	3 			$	575 			$	9,108 			(153.7)			$	(8,887)			$	(446)			$	353 			$	222 			$	575 		
Net income							380 									380 			3 			383 		
Dividends ($0.50 per share)							(97)									(97)			— 			(97)		
Stock-based compensation					33 											33 					33 		
Shares issued for stock-based compensation plans at average cost, net					— 					0.2 			7 					7 					7 		
	
Treasury shares repurchased					— 					(0.7)			(113)					(113)					(113)		
Currency translation adjustment, net of
net investment hedge activity (net of tax of $34 million)													(92)			(92)			— 			(92)		
	
Amortization of prior service costs and actuarial losses													1 			1 					1 		
Balance at September 30, 2019	342.9 			$	3 			$	608 			$	9,391 			(154.2)			$	(8,993)			$	(537)			$	472 			$	225 			$	697 		
																				
The accompanying notes are an integral part of the condensed consolidated financial statements.
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MOODY'S CORPORATION
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY (UNAUDITED)
(Amounts in millions, except per share data)
																																																												
Shareholders of Moody's Corporation				
	Common Stock		Capital
Surplus		Retained
Earnings		Treasury Stock		Accumulated
Other
Comprehensive
Loss		Total Moody's
Shareholders'
Equity		Non- Controlling
Interests		Total
Shareholders'
Equity	
	Shares		Amount						Shares		Amount									
Balance at December 31, 2018	342.9 			$	3 			$	601 			$	8,594 			(151.6)			$	(8,313)			$	(426)			$	459 			$	197 			$	656 		
Net income							1,062 									1,062 			5 			1,067 		
Dividends ($1.50 per share)							(285)									(285)			(1)			(286)		
Adoption of ASU 2018-02, relating to the Tax Act							20 							(20)			— 					— 		
Stock-based compensation					103 											103 					103 		
Shares issued for stock-based compensation plans at average cost, net					(71)					1.5 			32 					(39)					(39)		
Purchase of noncontrolling interest					(9)											(9)			(3)			(12)		
Non-controlling interest resulting from majority acquisition of Vigeo Eiris															— 			17 			17 		
Treasury shares repurchased					(16)					(4.1)			(712)					(728)					(728)		
	
Currency translation adjustment, net of
net investment hedge activity (net of tax
of $33 million)													(92)			(92)			10 			(82)		
Net actuarial gains and prior service cost													(1)			(1)					(1)		
Amortization of prior service costs and actuarial losses (net of tax of $1 million)													2 			2 					2 		
Balance at September 30, 2019	342.9 			$	3 			$	608 			$	9,391 			(154.2)			$	(8,993)			$	(537)			$	472 			$	225 			$	697 		
The accompanying notes are an integral part of the condensed consolidated financial statements.

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MOODY'S CORPORATION
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY (UNAUDITED)
(Amounts in millions, except per share data)
																																																												
Shareholders of Moody's Corporation				
	Common Stock		Capital
Surplus		Retained
Earnings		Treasury Stock		Accumulated
Other
Comprehensive
Loss		Total Moody's
Shareholders'
Equity		 Non- Controlling
Interests		Total
Shareholders'
Equity	
	Shares		Amount						Shares		Amount									
Balance at June 30, 2020	342.9 			$	3 			$	651 			$	10,442 			(155.2)			$	(9,513)			$	(542)			$	1,041 			$	191 			$	1,232 		
Net income							467 									467 			— 			467 		
Dividends ($0.56 per share)							(105)									(105)			(1)			(106)		
Stock-based compensation					38 											38 					38 		
Shares issued for stock-based compensation plans at average cost, net					10 					0.1 			8 					18 					18 		

	
Currency translation adjustment, net of net investment hedge activity (net of tax of $31 million)													43 			43 			1 			44 		
Net actuarial gains and prior service cost (net of tax of $2 million)													(7)			(7)					(7)		
Amortization of prior service costs and actuarial losses													2 			2 					2 		
	
Balance at September 30, 2020	342.9 			$	3 			$	699 			$	10,804 			(155.1)			$	(9,505)			$	(504)			$	1,497 			$	191 			$	1,688 		
The accompanying notes are an integral part of the condensed consolidated financial statements.

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MOODY'S CORPORATION
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY UNAUDITED)
(Amounts in millions, except per share data)
																																																												
Shareholders of Moody's Corporation				
	Common Stock		Capital
Surplus		Retained
Earnings		Treasury Stock		Accumulated
Other
Comprehensive
Loss		Total Moody's
Shareholders'
Equity		Non- Controlling
Interests		Total
Shareholders'
Equity	
	Shares		Amount						Shares		Amount									
Balance at December 31, 2019	342.9 			$	3 			$	642 			$	9,656 			(155.2)			$	(9,250)			$	(439)			$	612 			$	219 			$	831 		
Net income							1,464 									1,464 			— 			1,464 		
Dividends ($1.68 per share)							(314)									(314)			(1)			(315)		
Adoption of New Credit Losses Accounting Standard							(2)									(2)					(2)		
	
Stock-based compensation					110 											110 					110 		
Shares issued for stock-based compensation plans at average cost, net					(51)					1.2 			(2)					(53)					(53)		
Purchase of noncontrolling interest					(2)											(2)			(15)			(17)		
	
Treasury shares repurchased									(1.1)			(253)					(253)					(253)		
Currency translation adjustment, net of net investment hedge activity (net of tax of $31 million)													(19)			(19)			(12)			(31)		
Net actuarial losses and prior service cost													(1)			(1)					(1)		
Amortization of prior service costs and actuarial losses (net of tax of $1 million)													4 			4 					4 		
Net realized and unrealized gain on cash flow hedges (net of tax of $18 million)													(49)			(49)					(49)		
Balance at September 30, 2020	342.9 			$	3 			$	699 			$	10,804 			(155.1)			$	(9,505)			$	(504)			$	1,497 			$	191 			$	1,688 		
The accompanying notes are an integral part of the condensed consolidated financial statements.
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MOODY’S CORPORATION
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED)
(tabular dollar and share amounts in millions, except per share data)

NOTE 1. DESCRIPTION OF BUSINESS AND BASIS OF PRESENTATION
Moody’s is a provider of (i) credit ratings and assessment services; (ii) credit, capital markets and economic research, data and analytical tools; (iii) software solutions that support financial risk management activities; (iv) quantitatively derived credit scores; (v) learning solutions and certification services; and (vi) company information and business intelligence products. Moody’s reports in two reportable segments: MIS and MA.
MIS, the credit rating agency, publishes credit ratings and provides assessment services on a wide range of debt obligations and the entities that issue such obligations in markets worldwide. Revenue is primarily derived from the originators and issuers of such transactions who use MIS ratings in the distribution of their debt issues to investors. Additionally, MIS earns revenue from certain non-ratings-related operations which consist primarily of financial instrument pricing services in the Asia-Pacific region, revenue from ICRA’s non-ratings operations and revenue from providing ESG research, data and assessments. The revenue from these operations is included in the MIS Other LOB and is not material to the results of the MIS segment.
MA provides financial intelligence and analytical tools to assist businesses in making decisions. MA’s portfolio of solutions consists of specialized research, data, software, and professional services, which are assembled to support the financial analysis and risk management activities of institutional customers worldwide.
These interim financial statements have been prepared in accordance with the instructions to Form 10-Q and should be read in conjunction with the Company’s consolidated financial statements and related notes in the Company’s 2019 annual report on Form 10-K filed with the SEC on February 24, 2020. The results of interim periods are not necessarily indicative of results for the full year or any subsequent period. In the opinion of management, all adjustments (including normal recurring accruals) considered necessary for a fair presentation of financial position, results of operations and cash flows at the dates and for the periods presented have been included. The year-end consolidated balance sheet data was derived from audited financial statements, but does not include all disclosures required by accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.
Certain reclassifications have been made to prior period amounts to conform to the current presentation.
Adoption of New Accounting Standards
On January 1, 2020, the Company adopted ASU No. 2016-13, “Financial Instruments—Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments.” The Company has implemented policies and procedures in compliance with the “expected credit loss” impairment model, which included (1) refinement of the grouping of receivables with similar risk characteristics; and (2) processes to identify information that can be used to develop reasonable and supportable forecasts of factors that could affect the collectability of the reported amount of the receivable. As the Company's accounts receivable are short-term in nature, the adoption of this ASU did not have a material impact to the Company's allowance for bad debts or its policies and procedures for determining the allowance. Refer to Note 2 for further information on how the Company determines its reserves for expected credit losses. The Company recorded a $2 million cumulative-effect adjustment to retained earnings to increase its allowance for credit losses upon adoption.
On January 1, 2020, the Company adopted ASU No. 2018-15, “Intangibles—Goodwill and Other—Internal-Use Software (Subtopic 350-40): Customer’s Accounting for Implementation Costs Incurred in a Cloud Computing Arrangement that is a Service Contract.” This ASU requires implementation costs incurred by customers in cloud computing arrangements (i.e., hosting arrangements) to be capitalized under the same provisions of authoritative guidance for internal-use software, and amortized over the non-cancellable term of the cloud computing arrangements plus any option renewal periods that are reasonably certain to be exercised by the customer or for which the exercise is controlled by the service provider. The Company will be required to present the amortization of capitalized implementation costs in the same line item in the statement of operations as the fees associated with the hosting service (i.e. operating and SG&A expense) and classify the related payments in the statement of cash flows in the same manner as payments made for fees associated with the hosting service (i.e. cash flows from operating activities). This ASU also requires capitalization of implementation costs in the balance sheet to be consistent with the location of prepayment of fees for the hosting element (i.e. within other current assets or other assets). The Company adopted this ASU prospectively to all implementation costs incurred after the date of adoption and it did not have a material impact on the Company's current financial statements. The future impact to the Company's financial statements will relate to the aforementioned classification of these capitalized costs and related amortization.
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In March 2020, FASB issued ASU No. 2020-04, "Facilitation of the Effects of Reference Rate Reform on Financial Reporting". The ASU provides temporary optional expedients and exceptions to the U.S. GAAP guidance on contract modifications and hedge accounting to ease the financial reporting burdens related to the expected market transition from the London Interbank Offered Rate (LIBOR) and other interbank offered rates to alternative reference rates. This guidance was effective beginning on March 12, 2020, and the Company may elect to apply the amendments prospectively through December 31, 2022 as the transition from LIBOR is completed.
COVID-19
The Company is closely monitoring the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on all aspects of its business. While the Company has selectively reopened certain of its offices, Moody’s continues to require remote work for most employees globally. The Company continues to monitor regional developments relating to the COVID-19 pandemic to inform decisions on office re-openings.
The Company experienced disruption in certain sectors of its business beginning late in the first quarter of 2020 resulting from market volatility associated with the COVID-19 crisis. However, at the date of the filing of this quarterly report on Form 10-Q, the Company is unable to predict either the potential near-term or longer-term impact that the COVID-19 crisis may have on its financial position and operating results due to numerous uncertainties regarding the duration and severity of the crisis. As a result, it is reasonably possible that the Company could experience material impacts including, but not limited to: reductions in revenue and cash flows; additional credit losses related to accounts receivables; asset impairment charges; and changes in the funded status of defined benefit pension plans. While it is reasonably possible that the COVID-19 crisis will have a material impact on the results of operations and cash flows of the Company in the near term, Moody's believes that it has adequate liquidity to maintain its operations with minimal disruption and to maintain compliance with its debt covenants.
In the nine months ended September 30, 2020, in order to maximize liquidity and to increase available cash on hand through this period of uncertainty, the Company increased its long-term borrowings by $700 million and began borrowing under its CP Program as more fully discussed in Note 17. At September 30, 2020, the Company had repaid all CP outstanding. In addition, the Company reduced discretionary spending, including temporarily suspending its share repurchase program beginning late in the first quarter of 2020 and spanning through the third quarter. The Company anticipates resuming its share repurchase program in the fourth quarter of 2020.
The Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security Act (“CARES Act”) was enacted on March 27, 2020 in the United States. The Company is utilizing certain provisions in the CARES Act and other IRS guidance which permit the deferral of certain income and payroll tax remittances.

NOTE 2. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES
On January 1, 2020, the Company adopted the New Credit Losses Accounting Standard as more fully discussed in Note 1. Accordingly, the Company revised its accounts receivable allowances accounting policy to reflect the provisions of the new standard, which is discussed below along with the capitalized software accounting policy, which was also updated to reflect the New Internal Use Software Accounting Standard. All other significant accounting policies described in the Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2019 remain unchanged.
Accounts Receivable Allowances
On January 1, 2020, the Company adopted ASU No. 2016-13, “Financial Instruments—Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments” as more fully described in Note 1. As the Company's accounts receivable are short-term in nature, the adoption of this ASU did not have a material impact to the Company's allowance for bad debts or its policies and procedures for determining the allowance.
In order to determine an estimate of expected credit losses, receivables are segmented based on similar risk characteristics including historical credit loss patterns and industry or class of customers to calculate reserve rates. The Company uses an aging method for developing its allowance for credit losses by which receivable balances are stratified based on aging category. A reserve rate is calculated for each aging category which is generally based on historical information. The reserve rate is adjusted, when necessary, for current conditions (e.g., macroeconomic or industry related) and reasonable and supportable forecasts about the future. The Company also considers customer specific information (e.g., bankruptcy or financial difficulty) when estimating its expected credit losses, as well as the economic environment of the customers, both from an industry and geographic perspective, in evaluating the need for allowances. Expected credit losses are reflected as additions to the accounts receivable allowance. Actual uncollectible account write-offs are recorded against the allowance.
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As of September 30, 2020, Moody's assessment included consideration of the current COVID-19 pandemic and its estimated impact on the Company's accounts receivable allowances. This assessment involved the utilization of significant judgment regarding the expected severity and duration of the market disruption caused by the COVID-19 pandemic, as well as judgment regarding which industries, classes of customers and geographies would be most significantly impacted.
During the nine months ended September 30, 2020, the Company recorded a net provision for expected credit losses of $31 million. The increase in the provision for expected credit losses for the current period was primarily attributable to the aforementioned estimated effects of COVID-19.
Computer Software Developed or Obtained for Internal Use
The Company capitalizes costs related to software developed or obtained for internal use. These assets, included in property and equipment in the consolidated balance sheets, relate to the Company’s financial systems, website and other systems. Such costs generally consist of direct costs for third-party perpetual license fees, professional services provided by third parties and employee compensation, in each case incurred either during the application development stage or in connection with upgrades and enhancements that increase functionality. Such costs are depreciated over their estimated useful lives on a straight-line basis. Costs incurred during the preliminary project stage of development as well as maintenance costs are expensed as incurred.
The Company also capitalizes implementation costs incurred in cloud computing arrangements (i.e., hosting arrangements) and depreciates the costs over the non-cancellable term of the cloud computing arrangements plus any option renewal periods that are reasonably certain to be exercised or for which the exercise is controlled by the service provider. Following the January 1, 2020 adoption of ASU No. 2018-15, “Intangibles—Goodwill and Other—Internal-Use Software (Subtopic 350-40): Customer’s Accounting for Implementation Costs Incurred in a Cloud Computing Arrangement that is a Service Contract" (as further discussed in Note 1), the Company classifies the amortization of capitalized implementation costs in the same line item in the statement of operations as the fees associated with the hosting service (i.e., operating and SG&A expense) and classifies the related payments in the statement of cash flows in the same manner as payments made for fees associated with the hosting service (i.e. cash flows from operating activities). In addition, the capitalization of implementation costs is reflected in the balance sheet consistent with the location of prepayment of fees for the hosting element (i.e., within other current assets or other assets). The implementation costs incurred prior to adoption of this ASU have been included within property and equipment, net in the balance sheet with the amortization of such balance included within depreciation and amortization in the statement of operations.
Use of Estimates
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements, and the reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the period. Actual results could differ from those estimates.
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NOTE 3. REVENUES
Revenue by Category
The following table presents the Company’s revenues disaggregated by LOB:
																								
	Three Months Ended
September 30,		Nine Months Ended
September 30,	
	2020		2019		2020		2019	
MIS:								
Corporate finance (CFG)								
Investment-grade	$	141 			$	106 			$	576 			$	299 		
High-yield	101 			56 			275 			182 		
Bank loans	73 			90 			205 			246 		
Other accounts (1)	146 			140 			430 			408 		
Total CFG	461 			392 			1,486 			1,135 		
Structured finance (SFG)								
Asset-backed securities	25 			25 			70 			74 		
RMBS	24 			21 			74 			69 		
CMBS	15 			18 			45 			56 		
Structured credit	24 			40 			74 			116 		
Other accounts	— 			1 			2 			3 		
Total SFG	88 			105 			265 			318 		
Financial institutions (FIG)	
Banking	95 			80 			269 			244 		
Insurance	31 			31 			105 			88 		
Managed investments	6 			6 			20 			20 		
Other accounts	2 			3 			7 			9 		
Total FIG	134 			120 			401 			361 		
Public, project and infrastructure finance (PPIF)	
Public finance / sovereign	71 			58 			192 			157 		
Project and infrastructure	62 			62 			183 			164 		
Total PPIF	133 			120 			375 			321 		
Total ratings revenue	816 			737 			2,527 			2,135 		
MIS Other	9 			9 			30 			20 		
Total external revenue	825 			746 			2,557 			2,155 		
Intersegment royalty	38 			35 			110 			100 		
Total MIS	863 			781 			2,667 			2,255 		
MA:								
Research, data and analytics (RD&A)	386 			317 			1,110 			940 		
Enterprise risk solutions (ERS)	145 			134 			414 			373 		
Professional services (PS) (2)	— 			43 			— 			128 		
Total external revenue	531 			494 			1,524 			1,441 		
Intersegment revenue	1 			2 			5 			7 		
Total MA	532 			496 			1,529 			1,448 		
Eliminations	(39)			(37)			(115)			(107)		
Total MCO	$	1,356 			$	1,240 			$	4,081 			$	3,596 		
(1) Other includes: recurring monitoring fees of a rated debt obligation and/or entities that issue such obligations as well as fees from programs such as commercial paper, medium term notes, and ICRA corporate finance revenue.
(2) Subsequent to the divestiture of MAKS in 2019, revenue from the MALS reporting unit, which previous to 2020 was reported in the PS LOB, is now reported as part of the RD&A LOB. Prior periods have not been reclassified as the amounts were not material.

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The following table presents the Company’s revenues disaggregated by LOB and geographic area:
																																				
	Three Months Ended September 30, 2020		Three Months Ended September 30, 2019	
	U.S.		Non-U.S		Total		U.S.		Non-U.S		Total	
MIS:	
Corporate finance (CFG)	$	311 			$	150 			$	461 			$	259 			$	133 			$	392 		
Structured finance (SFG)	54 			34 			88 			68 			37 			105 		
Financial institutions (FIG)	59 			75 			134 			54 			66 			120 		
Public, project and infrastructure finance (PPIF)	82 			51 			133 			73 			47 			120 		
Total ratings revenue	506 			310 			816 			454 			283 			737 		
MIS Other	— 			9 			9 			— 			9 			9 		
Total MIS	506 			319 			825 			454 			292 			746 		
MA:	
Research, data and analytics (RD&A)	167 			219 			386 			139 			178 			317 		
Enterprise risk solutions (ERS)	56 			89 			145 			49 			85 			134 		
Professional services (PS) (1)	— 			— 			— 			18 			25 			43 		
Total MA	223 			308 			531 			206 			288 			494 		
Total MCO	$	729 			$	627 			$	1,356 			$	660 			$	580 			$	1,240 		

																																				
	Nine Months Ended September 30, 2020		Nine Months Ended September 30, 2019	
	U.S.		Non-U.S		Total		U.S.		Non-U.S		Total	
MIS:	
Corporate finance (CFG)	$	1,038 			$	448 			$	1,486 			$	744 			$	391 			$	1,135 		
Structured finance (SFG)	160 			105 			265 			202 			116 			318 		
Financial institutions (FIG)	189 			212 			401 			152 			209 			361 		
Public, project and infrastructure finance (PPIF)	237 			138 			375 			202 			119 			321 		
Total ratings revenue	1,624 			903 			2,527 			1,300 			835 			2,135 		
MIS Other	1 			29 			30 			1 			19 			20 		
Total MIS	1,625 			932 			2,557 			1,301 			854 			2,155 		
MA:	
Research, data and analytics (RD&A)	492 			618 			1,110 			412 			528 			940 		
Enterprise risk solutions (ERS)	163 			251 			414 			143 			230 			373 		
Professional services (PS) (1)	— 			— 			— 			54 			74 			128 		
Total MA	655 			869 			1,524 			609 			832 			1,441 		
Total MCO	$	2,280 			$	1,801 			$	4,081 			$	1,910 			$	1,686 			$	3,596 		
(1) Subsequent to the divestiture of MAKS in 2019, the RD&A LOB now includes revenue from MALS beginning in the first quarter of 2020. MALS revenue was previously reported as part of the PS LOB and prior year revenue by LOB has not been reclassified as the amounts were not material.
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The following table presents the Company’s reportable segment revenues disaggregated by segment and geographic region:
																								
	Three Months Ended
September 30,		Nine Months Ended
September 30,	
	2020		2019		2020		2019	
MIS:		
U.S.	$	506 			$	454 			$	1,625 			$	1,301 		
Non-U.S.:								
EMEA	188 			175 			542 			502 		
Asia-Pacific	99 			78 			270 			241 		
Americas	32 			39 			120 			111 		
Total Non-U.S.	319 			292 			932 			854 		
Total MIS	825 			746 			2,557 			2,155 		
MA:								
U.S.	223 			206 			655 			609 		
Non-U.S.:								
EMEA	213 			187 			595 			555 		
Asia-Pacific	57 			64 			166 			174 		
Americas	38 			37 			108 			103 		
Total Non-U.S.	308 			288 			869 			832 		
Total MA	531 			494 			1,524 			1,441 		
Total MCO	$	1,356 			$	1,240 			$	4,081 			$	3,596 		
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The following tables summarize the split between transaction and relationship revenue. In the MIS segment, excluding MIS Other, transaction revenue represents the initial rating of a new debt issuance as well as other one-time fees while relationship revenue represents the recurring monitoring fees of a rated debt obligation and/or entities that issue such obligations, as well as revenue from programs such as commercial paper, medium-term notes and shelf registrations. In MIS Other, transaction revenue represents revenue from professional services and outsourcing engagements and relationship revenue represents subscription-based revenues. In the MA segment, relationship revenue represents subscription-based revenues and software maintenance revenue. Transaction revenue in MA represents perpetual software license fees and revenue from software implementation services, risk management advisory projects, training and certification services, and outsourced research and analytical engagements.
																																				
	Three Months Ended September 30,	
	2020		2019	
	Transaction		Relationship		Total		Transaction		Relationship		Total	
Corporate Finance	$	347 			$	114 			$	461 			$	282 			$	110 			$	392 		
	75 	%		25 	%		100 	%		72 	%		28 	%		100 	%	
Structured Finance	$	41 			$	47 			$	88 			$	58 			$	47 			$	105 		
	47 	%		53 	%		100 	%		55 	%		45 	%		100 	%	
Financial Institutions	$	67 			$	67 			$	134 			$	56 			$	64 			$	120 		
	50 	%		50 	%		100 	%		47 	%		53 	%		100 	%	
Public, Project and Infrastructure Finance	$	92 			$	41 			$	133 			$	82 			$	38 			$	120 		
	69 	%		31 	%		100 	%		68 	%		32 	%		100 	%	
MIS Other	$	1 			$	8 			$	9 			$	— 			$	9 			$	9 		
	11 	%		89 	%		100 	%		— 	%		100 	%		100 	%	
Total MIS	$	548 			$	277 			$	825 			$	478 			$	268 			$	746 		
	66 	%		34 	%		100 	%		64 	%		36 	%		100 	%	
Research, data and analytics	$	19 			$	367 			$	386 			$	3 			$	314 			$	317 		
	5 	%		95 	%		100 	%		1 	%		99 	%		100 	%	
Enterprise risk solutions	$	32 			$	113 			$	145 			$	32 			$	102 			$	134 		
	22 	%		78 	%		100 	%		24 	%		76 	%		100 	%	
Professional services(2)	$	— 			$	— 			$	— 			$	43 			$	— 			$	43 		
	— 	%		— 	%		— 	%		100 	%		— 	%		100 	%	
Total MA	$	51 			$	480 			$	531 			$	78 			$	416 			$	494 		
	10 	%		90 	%		100 	%		16 	%		84 	%		100 	%	
Total Moody's Corporation	$	599 			$	757 			$	1,356 			$	556 			$	684 			$	1,240 		
	44 	%		56 	%		100 	%		45 	%		55 	%		100 	%	

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	Nine Months Ended September 30,	
	2020		2019	
	Transaction		Relationship		Total		Transaction		Relationship		Total	
Corporate Finance	$	1,142 			$	344 			$	1,486 			$	808 			$	327 			$	1,135 		
	77 	%		23 	%		100 	%		71 	%		29 	%		100 	%	
Structured Finance	$	126 			$	139 			$	265 			$	184 			$	134 			$	318 		
	48 	%		52 	%		100 	%		58 	%		42 	%		100 	%	
Financial Institutions	$	203 			$	198 			$	401 			$	165 			$	196 			$	361 		
	51 	%		49 	%		100 	%		46 	%		54 	%		100 	%	
Public, Project and Infrastructure Finance	$	257 			$	118 			$	375 			$	208 			$	113 			$	321 		
	69 	%		31 	%		100 	%		65 	%		35 	%		100 	%	
MIS Other	$	3 			$	27 			$	30 			$	1 			$	19 			$	20 		
	10 	%		90 	%		100 	%		5 	%		95 	%		100 	%	
Total MIS	$	1,731 			$	826 			$	2,557 			$	1,366 			$	789 			$	2,155 		
	68 	%		32 	%		100 	%		63 	%		37 	%		100 	%	
Research, data and analytics	$	53 			$	1,057 			$	1,110 			$	12 			$	928 			$	940 		
	5 	%		95 	%		100 	%		1 	%		99 	%		100 	%	
Enterprise risk solutions	$	90 			$	324 			$	414 			$	79 			$	294 			$	373 		
	22 	%		78 	%		100 	%		21 	%		79 	%		100 	%	
Professional services(2)	$	— 			$	— 			$	— 			$	128 			$	— 			$	128 		
	— 	%		— 	%		— 	%		100 	%		— 	%		100 	%	
Total MA	$	143 		(1)	$	1,381 			$	1,524 			$	219 		(1)	$	1,222 			$	1,441 		
	9 	%		91 	%		100 	%		15 	%		85 	%		100 	%	
Total Moody's Corporation	$	1,874 			$	2,207 			$	4,081 			$	1,585 			$	2,011 			$	3,596 		
	46 	%		54 	%		100 	%		44 	%		56 	%		100 	%	
(1) Revenue from software implementation services and risk management advisory projects, while classified by management as transactional revenue, is recognized over time under the Revenue Accounting Standard (please also refer to the following table).
(2) Subsequent to the divestiture of MAKS in 2019, the RD&A LOB now includes revenue from MALS beginning in the first quarter of 2020. MALS revenue was previously reported as part of the PS LOB and prior year revenue by LOB has not been reclassified as the amounts were not material.

	

	

	

	

	

	

	

The following table presents the timing of revenue recognition:
																																				
	Three Months Ended September 30, 2020		Nine Months Ended September 30, 2020	
	MIS		MA		Total		MIS		MA		Total	
Revenue recognized at a point in time	$	548 			$	30 			$	578 			$	1,731 			$	89 			$	1,820 		
Revenue recognized over time	277 			501 			778 			826 			1,435 			2,261 		
Total	$	825 			$	531 			$	1,356 			$	2,557 			$	1,524 			$	4,081 		

	Three Months Ended September 30, 2019		Nine Months Ended September 30, 2019	
	MIS		MA		Total		MIS		MA		Total	
Revenue recognized at a point in time	$	478 			$	31 			$	509 			$	1,366 			$	83 			$	1,449 		
Revenue recognized over time	268 			463 			731 			789 			1,358 			2,147 		
Total	$	746 			$	494 			$	1,240 			$	2,155 			$	1,441 			$	3,596 		
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Unbilled receivables, deferred revenue and remaining performance obligations
Unbilled receivables
At September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, accounts receivable, net included $404 million and $346 million, respectively, of unbilled receivables, net related to the MIS segment. Certain MIS arrangements contain contractual terms whereby the customers are billed in arrears for annual monitoring services, requiring revenue to be accrued as an unbilled receivable as such services are provided.
In addition, for certain MA arrangements, the timing of when the Company has the unconditional right to consideration and recognizes revenue occurs prior to invoicing the customer. Consequently, at September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, accounts receivable, net included $89 million and $53 million, respectively, of unbilled receivables, net related to the MA segment.
Deferred revenue
The Company recognizes deferred revenue when a contract requires a customer to pay consideration to the Company in advance of when revenue related to that contract is recognized. This deferred revenue is relieved when the Company satisfies the related performance obligation and revenue is recognized.
Significant changes in the deferred revenue balances during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020 are as follows:

	Three Months Ended September 30, 2020	
	MIS		MA		Total	
Balance at June 30, 2020	$	365 			$	740 			$	1,105 		
Changes in deferred revenue						
Revenue recognized that was included in the deferred revenue balance at the beginning of the period	(118)			(347)			(465)		
Increases due to amounts billable excluding amounts recognized as revenue during the period	83 			273 			356 		
Effect of exchange rate changes	5 			19 			24 		
Total changes in deferred revenue	(30)			(55)			(85)		
Balance at September 30, 2020	$	335 			$	685 			$	1,020 		

																		
	Nine Months Ended September 30, 2020	
	MIS		MA		Total	
Balance at January 1, 2020	$	322 			$	840 			$	1,162 		
Changes in deferred revenue						
Revenue recognized that was included in the deferred revenue balance at the beginning of the period	(207)			(781)			(988)		
Increases due to amounts billable excluding amounts recognized as revenue during the period	219 			607 			826 		
Increases due to RDC acquisition during the period	— 			20 			20 		
Effect of exchange rate changes	1 			(1)			— 		
Total changes in deferred revenue	13 			(155)			(142)		
Balance at September 30, 2020	$	335 			$	685 			$	1,020 		
Deferred revenue - current	$	237 			$	681 			$	918 		
Deferred revenue - noncurrent	$	98 			$	4 			$	102 		

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	Three Months Ended September 30, 2019	
	MIS		MA		Total	
Balance at June 30, 2019	$	376 			$	695 			$	1,071 		
Changes in deferred revenue						
Revenue recognized that was included in the deferred revenue balance at the beginning of the period	(111)			(344)			(455)		
Increases due to amounts billable excluding amounts recognized as revenue during the period	82 			290 			372 		
	
Effect of exchange rate changes	(3)			(14)			(17)		
Total changes in deferred revenue	(32)			(68)			(100)		
Balance at September 30, 2019	$	344 			$	627 			$	971 		

																		
	Nine Months Ended September 30, 2019	
	MIS		MA		Total	
Balance at January 1, 2019	$	326 			$	750 			$	1,076 		
Changes in deferred revenue						
Revenue recognized that was included in the deferred revenue balance at the beginning of the period	(191)			(687)			(878)		
Increases due to amounts billable excluding amounts recognized as revenue during the period	212 			576 			788 		
Amount included in liabilities reclassified as held for sale	— 			(3)			(3)		
Effect of exchange rate changes	(3)			(9)			(12)		
Total changes in deferred revenue	18 			(123)			(105)		
Balance at September 30, 2019	$	344 			$	627 			$	971 		
Deferred revenue - current	$	234 			$	622 			856 		
Deferred revenue - noncurrent	$	110 			$	5 			115 		

For the MIS segment, the changes in the deferred revenue balance during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019 were primarily related to the significant portion of contract renewals that occur during the first quarter of each year and are generally recognized over a one-year period.
For the MA segment, the decrease in deferred revenue for the three months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019 was primarily due to the recognition of annual subscription and maintenance billings from December and January of each year. For the nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, the decrease in the deferred revenue balance is attributable to recognition of revenues related to the aforementioned December billings being partially offset by the impact of the high concentration of January billings.
Remaining performance obligations
Remaining performance obligations in the MIS segment largely reflect deferred revenue related to monitoring fees for certain structured finance products, primarily CMBS, where the issuers can elect to pay the monitoring fees for the life of the security in advance. As of September 30, 2020, the aggregate amount of the transaction price allocated to remaining performance obligations was approximately $136 million. The Company expects to recognize into revenue approximately 20% of this balance within one year, approximately 50% of this balance between one to five years and the remaining amount thereafter. With respect to the remaining performance obligations for the MIS segment, the Company has applied a practical expedient set forth in ASC Topic 606 permitting the omission from the amounts stated above relating to unsatisfied performance obligations for contracts with an original expected length of one year or less.

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Remaining performance obligations in the MA segment include both amounts recorded as deferred revenue on the balance sheet as of September 30, 2020 as well as amounts not yet invoiced to customers as of September 30, 2020, largely reflecting future revenue related to signed multi-year arrangements for hosted and installed subscription-based products. As of September 30, 2020, the aggregate amount of the transaction price allocated to remaining performance obligations was approximately $1.8 billion. The Company expects to recognize into revenue approximately 60% of this balance within one year, approximately 25% of this balance between one to two years and the remaining amount thereafter.

NOTE 4. STOCK-BASED COMPENSATION
Presented below is a summary of the stock-based compensation cost and associated tax benefit included in the accompanying consolidated statements of operations:
																								
	Three Months Ended
September 30,		Nine Months Ended
September 30,	
	2020		2019		2020		2019	
Stock-based compensation cost	$	38 			$	33 			$	110 			$	103 		
Tax benefit	$	8 			$	7 			$	22 			$	22 		
During the first nine months of 2020, the Company granted 0.1 million employee stock options, which had a weighted average grant date fair value of $60.66 per share based on the Black-Scholes option-pricing model. The Company also granted 0.5 million shares of restricted stock in the first nine months of 2020, which had a weighted average grant date fair value of $278.92 per share. Both the employee stock options and restricted stock generally vest ratably over four years. Additionally, the Company granted 0.1 million shares of performance-based awards whereby the number of shares that ultimately vest are based on the achievement of certain non-market-based performance metrics of the Company over three years. The weighted average grant date fair value of these awards was $273.81 per share.
The following weighted average assumptions were used in determining the fair value for options granted in 2020:
						
Expected dividend yield	0.80 %	
Expected stock volatility	22.52 %	
Risk-free interest rate	1.43 %	
Expected holding period	5.7 years	
Unrecognized stock-based compensation expense at September 30, 2020 was $8 million and $192 million for stock options and unvested restricted stock, respectively, which is expected to be recognized over a weighted average period of 2.4 years and 2.5 years, respectively. Additionally, there was $34 million of unrecognized stock-based compensation expense relating to the aforementioned non-market-based performance-based awards, which is expected to be recognized over a weighted average period of 2.0 years.
The following tables summarize information relating to stock option exercises and restricted stock vesting:

	Nine Months Ended
September 30,	
	2020		2019	
Exercise of stock options:				
Proceeds from stock option exercises	$	32 			$	29 		
Aggregate intrinsic value	$	102 			$	99 		
Tax benefit realized upon exercise	$	24 			$	24 		
Number of shares exercised	0.5 			0.7 		
Vesting of restricted stock:				
Fair value of shares vested	$	195 			$	153 		
Tax benefit realized upon vesting	$	45 			$	36 		
Number of shares vested	0.8 			0.8 		
Vesting of performance-based restricted stock:				
Fair value of shares vested	$	70 			$	48 		
Tax benefit realized upon vesting	$	17 			$	12 		
Number of shares vested	0.3 			0.3 		

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NOTE 5. INCOME TAXES
Moody’s ETR was 22.0% and 25.3% for the three months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively, and 20.0% and 21.4% for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively. The decrease in the ETR for the three month period ended September 30, 2020 was primarily due to a tax benefit recognized from a corporate reorganization outside of the U.S. in the third quarter of 2020 and a detriment from a non-U.S. tax rate change in the third quarter of 2019 which did not recur to the same extent in 2020. The Company’s year to date tax expense differs from the tax computed by applying its estimated annual effective tax rate to the year to date pre-tax earnings due to Excess Tax Benefits from stock compensation of $52 million and net reductions to tax positions of $43 million.
The Company classifies interest related to UTPs in interest expense, net in its consolidated statements of operations. Penalties, if incurred, would be recognized in other non-operating (expense) income, net. The Company had an increase in its UTPs of $17 million ($16 million, net of federal tax) during the third quarter of 2020 and a net decrease in UTPs during the first nine months of 2020 of $6 million ($7 million, net of federal tax).
Moody’s Corporation and subsidiaries are subject to U.S. federal income tax as well as income tax in various state, local and foreign jurisdictions. The Company’s U.S. federal income tax return for 2019 remains open to examination and 2017 and 2018 are currently under examination. The Company’s New York State tax returns for 2011 through 2016 are currently under examination and the Company’s New York City tax return for 2014 through 2017 are currently under examination. The Company’s U.K. tax return for 2012 is currently under examination and its returns for 2013 through 2018 remain open to examination.
For ongoing audits, it is possible the balance of UTPs could decrease in the next twelve months as a result of the settlement of these audits, which might involve the payment of additional taxes, the adjustment of certain deferred taxes and/or the recognition of tax benefits. It is also possible that new issues might be raised by tax authorities which could necessitate increases to the balance of UTPs. As the Company is unable to predict the timing or outcome of these audits, it is therefore unable to estimate the amount of changes to the balance of UTPs at this time. However, the Company believes that it has adequately provided for its financial exposure relating to all open tax years by tax jurisdiction in accordance with the applicable provisions of Topic 740 of the ASC regarding UTPs.
The following table shows the amount the Company paid for income taxes:

	Nine Months Ended September 30,	
	2020		2019	
Income taxes paid	$	374 			$	303 		

NOTE 6. WEIGHTED AVERAGE SHARES OUTSTANDING
Below is a reconciliation of basic to diluted shares outstanding:
																								
	Three Months Ended
September 30,		Nine Months Ended September 30,	
				
	2020		2019		2020		2019	
Basic	187.8 			189.0 			187.6 			189.6 		
Dilutive effect of shares issuable under stock-based compensation plans	1.5 			2.1 			1.7 			2.2 		
Diluted	189.3 			191.1 			189.3 			191.8 		
Anti-dilutive options to purchase common shares and restricted stock as well as contingently issuable restricted stock which are excluded from the table above	0.3 			0.2 			0.3 			0.3 		
The calculation of diluted EPS requires certain assumptions regarding the use of both cash proceeds and assumed proceeds that would be received upon the exercise of stock options and vesting of restricted stock outstanding as of September 30, 2020 and 2019.
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NOTE 7. ACCELERATED SHARE REPURCHASE PROGRAM
On February 20, 2019, the Company entered into an ASR agreement with a financial institution counterparty to repurchase $500 million of its outstanding common stock. The Company paid $500 million to the counterparty and received an initial delivery of 2.2 million shares of its common stock. Final settlement of the ASR agreement was completed on April 26, 2019 and the Company received delivery of an additional 0.6 million shares of the Company’s common stock.
In total, the Company repurchased 2.8 million shares of the Company’s common stock during the term of the ASR Agreement, based on the volume-weighted average price (net of discount) of $180.33 per share over the duration of the program. The initial share repurchase and final share settlement were recorded as a reduction to shareholders’ equity.

NOTE 8. CASH EQUIVALENTS AND INVESTMENTS
The table below provides additional information on the Company’s cash equivalents and investments:

	As of September 30, 2020	
							Balance sheet location	
	Cost		Gains/(Losses)		Fair Value		Cash and cash equivalents		Short-term
investments		Other
assets	
Certificates of deposit and money market deposit accounts (1)	$	1,387 			$	— 			$	1,387 			$	1,284 			$	96 			$	7 		
Mutual funds	$	47 			$	3 			$	50 			$	— 			$	— 			$	50 		

																																				
	As of December 31, 2019	
							Balance sheet location	
	
Cost		Gains/(Losses)		
Fair Value		Cash and cash
equivalents		Short-term
investments		Other
assets	
	
Certificates of deposit and money market deposit accounts (1)	$	971 			$	— 			$	971 			$	866 			$	95 			$	10 		
Mutual funds	$	3 			$	— 			$	3 			$	— 			$	3 			$	— 		
(1) Consists of time deposits and money market deposit accounts. The remaining contractual maturities for the certificates of deposits classified as short-term investments were one month to 12 months at both September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019. The remaining contractual maturities for the certificates of deposits classified in other assets are 13 months to 22 months at September 30, 2020 and 13 months to 18 months at December 31, 2019. Time deposits with a maturity of less than 90 days at time of purchase are classified as cash and cash equivalents.
In addition, the Company invested in Corporate-Owned Life Insurance (COLI) in the first quarter of 2020. As of September 30, 2020, the contract value of the COLI was $14 million.

NOTE 9. ACQUISITIONS AND OTHER STRATEGIC INITIATIVES
The business combinations described below are accounted for using the acquisition method of accounting whereby assets acquired and liabilities assumed were recognized at fair value on the date of the transaction. Any excess of the purchase price over the fair value of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed was recorded to goodwill. Goodwill typically results through expected synergies from combining operations of an acquiree and an acquirer, anticipated new customer acquisition and products, as well as from intangible assets that do not qualify for separate recognition.
RDC
On February 13, 2020, the Company acquired 100% of RDC, a provider of anti-money laundering and know-your-customer data and due diligence services.
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The table below details the total consideration relating to the acquisition:

Cash paid at closing		$	700 		
Additional consideration paid to sellers in 2020 (1)		2 		
Total consideration		$	702 		
(1) Represents additional consideration paid to the sellers following finalization of customary post-closing completion adjustments.
Shown below is the preliminary purchase price allocation, which summarizes the fair value of the assets and liabilities assumed, at the date of acquisition:

(Amounts in millions)				
Current assets			$	24 		
Intangible assets:				
Customer relationships (25 year weighted average life)	$	174 				
Database (10 year weighted average life)	86 				
Product technology (4 year weighted average life)	17 				
Trade name (3 year weighted average life)	3 				
Total intangible assets (19 year weighted average life)			280 		
Goodwill			494 		
Other assets			2 		
Liabilities:				
Accounts payable and accrued liabilities	$	(5)				
Deferred revenue	(20)				
Deferred tax liabilities	(71)				
Other liabilities	(2)				
Total liabilities			(98)		
Net assets acquired			$	702 		
The Company has performed a preliminary valuation analysis of the fair market value of assets and liabilities of the RDC business. The final purchase price allocation will be determined when the Company has completed and fully reviewed the detailed valuations. The final allocation could differ materially from the preliminary allocation. The final allocation may include changes in allocations to acquired intangible assets as well as goodwill and other changes to assets and liabilities including reserves for UTPs and deferred tax liabilities. The estimated useful lives of acquired intangibles assets are also preliminary.
Current assets in the table above include acquired cash of $6 million. Additionally, current assets include accounts receivable of approximately $14 million.
Goodwill
The goodwill recognized as a result of this acquisition includes, among other things, the value of combining the complementary product portfolios of the Company and RDC, which is expected to extend the Company’s reach to new and evolving market segments as well as cost savings synergies, expected new customer acquisitions and products.
Goodwill, which has been assigned to the MA segment, is not deductible for tax purposes.
RDC is a component of the Bureau van Dijk reporting unit for purposes of the Company’s annual goodwill impairment assessment.
Transaction costs
Transaction costs directly related to the RDC acquisition were not material.
Other Acquisitions and Strategic Initiatives
During the second quarter of 2020, the Company increased its stake in Vigeo Eiris, a provider of ESG research, data and assessments, from 69.2% to 99.8%. The purchase price for the additional stake was not material. Vigeo Eiris revenue is reported in the MIS Other LOB.
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NOTE 10. DERIVATIVE INSTRUMENTS AND HEDGING ACTIVITIES
The Company is exposed to global market risks, including risks from changes in FX rates and changes in interest rates. Accordingly, the Company uses derivatives in certain instances to manage the aforementioned financial exposures that occur in the normal course of business. The Company does not hold or issue derivatives for speculative purposes.
Derivatives and non-derivative instruments designated as accounting hedges:
Fair Value Hedges
Interest Rate Swaps
The Company has entered into interest rate swaps to convert the fixed interest rate on certain of its long-term debt to a floating interest rate based on the 3-month LIBOR and 6-month LIBOR. The purpose of these hedges is to mitigate the risk associated with changes in the fair value of the long-term debt, thus the Company has designated these swaps as fair value hedges. The fair value of the swaps is adjusted quarterly with a corresponding adjustment to the carrying value of the debt. The changes in the fair value of the swaps and the underlying hedged item generally offset and the net cash settlements on the swaps are recorded each period within interest expense, net in the Company’s consolidated statement of operations.
The following table summarizes the Company’s interest rate swaps designated as fair value hedges:

				Notional Amount			
Hedged Item		Nature of Swap		As of September 30,
2020		As of December 31,
2019		Floating Interest Rate	
2012 Senior Notes due 2022		Pay Floating/Receive Fixed		$	330 			$	330 			3-month USD LIBOR	
2017 Senior Notes due 2021(1)		Pay Floating/Receive Fixed		$	— 			$	500 			3-month USD LIBOR	
2017 Senior Notes due 2023		Pay Floating/Receive Fixed		$	250 			$	250 			3-month USD LIBOR	
2017 Senior Notes due 2028		Pay Floating/Receive Fixed		$	500 			$	— 			3-month USD LIBOR	
2020 Senior Notes due 2025 (2)		Pay Floating/Receive Fixed		$	300 			$	— 			6-month USD LIBOR	
Total				$	1,380 			$	1,080 				
(1) These interest rates swaps were terminated in conjunction with the repayment of the 2017 Senior Notes due 2021 in the third quarter of 2020.
(2) These interest rate swaps were executed in the third quarter of 2020.
Refer to Note 17 for information on the cumulative amount of fair value hedging adjustments included in the carrying amount of the above hedged items.
The following table summarizes the impact to the statement of operations of the Company’s interest rate swaps designated as fair value hedges:
																																	
Total amounts of financial statement line item presented in the statements of operations in which the effects of fair value hedges are recorded		Amount of income/(loss) recognized in the consolidated statements of operations	
		Three Months Ended September 30,		Nine Months Ended
September 30,	
		2020		2019		2020		2019	
Interest expense, net		$	(53)			$	(46)			$	(153)			$	(149)		

Descriptions		Location on Consolidated Statements of Operations									
Net interest settlements and accruals on interest rate swaps		
Interest expense, net		$	6 			$	1 			$	14 			$	1 		
Fair value changes on interest rate swaps		Interest expense, net		$	(7)			$	2 			$	53 			$	33 		
Fair value changes on hedged debt		Interest expense, net		$	7 			$	(2)			$	(53)			$	(33)		

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Net investment hedges
The Company has designated €500 million of the 2015 Senior Notes Due 2027 and €750 million of the 2019 Senior Notes due 2030 as net investment hedges to mitigate FX exposure related to a portion of the Company’s euro net investment in certain foreign subsidiaries against changes in euro/USD exchange rates. These hedges are designated as accounting hedges under the applicable sections of ASC Topic 815 and will end upon the repayment of the notes in 2027 and 2030, respectively, unless terminated early at the discretion of the Company.
The Company enters into cross-currency swaps to mitigate FX exposure related to a portion of the Company’s euro net investment in certain foreign subsidiaries against changes in euro/USD exchange rates. The following table provides information on the cross-currency swaps designated as net investment hedges under ASC Topic 815:

September 30, 2020	
		Pay		Receive	
Nature of Swap		Notional Amount		Weighted Average Interest Rate		Notional Amount		Weighted Average Interest Rate	
Pay Fixed/Receive Fixed		€	1,079 			1.43%		$	1,220 			3.96%	
Pay Floating/Receive Floating		959 			Based on 3-month EURIBOR		1,080 			Based on 3-month USD LIBOR	
Total		€	2,038 					$	2,300 				

																											
December 31, 2019	
		Pay		Receive	
Nature of Swap		Notional Amount		Weighted Average Interest Rate		Notional Amount		Weighted Average Interest Rate	
Pay Fixed/Receive Fixed		€	1,079 			1.43%		$	1,220 			3.96%	
Pay Floating/Receive Floating		931 			Based on 3-month EURIBOR		1,080 			Based on 3-month USD LIBOR	
Total		€	2,010 					$	2,300 				
As of September 30, 2020, these hedges will expire and be settled in 2021, 2022, 2023, 2024, and 2026 for €265 million, €438 million, €442 million, €443 million, and €450 million of the total notional amount, respectively, unless terminated early at the discretion of the Company.
During the third quarter of 2020, the Company early-terminated €422.5 million notional value of cross-currency swaps (set to expire in 2021), resulting in immaterial cash proceeds.
The Company also enters into forward contracts to mitigate FX exposure related to a portion of the Company’s euro net investment in certain foreign subsidiaries against changes in euro/USD exchange rates. The following table summarizes the notional amounts of the Company's outstanding forward contract that was designated as a net investment hedge:

		September 30, 2020		December 31, 2019	
Notional amount of net investment hedges		Sell		Buy		Sell		Buy	
Contract to sell EUR for USD		€	247 			$	292 			— 			— 		
This forward contract will expire in November 2020.
Cash Flow Hedge
Interest Rate Forward Contracts
In January 2020, the Company entered into $300 million notional amount treasury rate locks with an average locked-in U.S. 30-year Treasury rate of 2.0103%, which were designated as cash flow hedges and used to manage the Company’s interest rate risk during the period prior to an anticipated issuance of 30-year debt. The treasury lock interest rate forward contracts matured on April 30, 2020, resulting in a cumulative loss of $68 million, which was recognized in AOCL. The loss on the Treasury rate lock will be reclassified from AOCL to earnings in the same period that the hedged transaction (i.e. interest payments on the 3.25% 2020 Senior Notes, due 2050) impacts earnings.

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The following tables provide information on the gains/(losses) on the Company’s net investment and cash flow hedges:
																																							
Derivative and Non-Derivative Instruments in Net Investment Hedging Relationships		Amount of Gain/(Loss) Recognized in AOCL on Derivative, net of Tax		Amount of Gain/(Loss) Reclassified from AOCL into Income, net of Tax		Gain/(Loss) Recognized in Income on Derivative (Amount Excluded from Effectiveness Testing)	
		Three Months Ended
September 30,		Three Months Ended
September 30,		Three Months Ended
September 30,	
		2020		2019		2020		2019		2020		2019	
FX forward contracts		$	1 			$	5 			$	— 			$	1 			$	— 			$	— 		
Cross currency swaps		(98)			79 			— 			— 			10 			15 		
Long-term debt		(46)			18 			— 			— 			— 			— 		
Total net investment hedges		$	(143)			$	102 			$	— 			$	1 			$	10 			$	15 		
Derivatives in Cash Flow Hedging Relationships													
	
Interest rate contracts		(1)			— 			(1)			— 			— 			— 		
Total cash flow hedges		$	(1)			$	— 			$	(1)			$	— 			$	— 			$	— 		
Total		$	(144)			$	102 			$	(1)			$	1 			$	10 			$	15 		

																																							
Derivative and Non-Derivative Instruments in Net Investment Hedging Relationships		Amount of Gain/(Loss) Recognized in AOCL on Derivative, net of Tax		Amount of Gain/(Loss) Reclassified from AOCL into Income, net of Tax		Gain/(Loss) Recognized in Income on Derivative (Amount Excluded from Effectiveness Testing)	
		Nine Months Ended
September 30,		Nine Months Ended
September 30,		Nine Months Ended
September 30,	
		2020		2019		2020		2019		2020		2019	
FX forward contracts		$	1 			$	5 			$	— 			$	1 			$	— 			$	— 		
Cross currency swaps		(81)			75 			— 			— 			40 			37 		
Long-term debt		(47)			17 			— 			— 			— 			— 		
Total net investment hedges		$	(127)			$	97 			$	— 			$	1 			$	40 			$	37 		
Derivatives in Cash Flow Hedging Relationships													
	
Interest rate contracts		(51)			— 			(2)			— 			— 			— 		
Total cash flow hedges		$	(51)			$	— 			$	(2)			$	— 			$	— 			$	— 		
Total		$	(178)			$	97 			$	(2)			$	1 			$	40 			$	37 		

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The cumulative amount of net investment hedge and cash flow hedge gains (losses) remaining in AOCL is as follows:

	Cumulative Gains/(Losses), net of tax	
	September 30, 2020		December 31, 2019	
Net investment hedges				
Cross currency swaps	$	(40)			$	41 		
FX forwards	27 			26 		
Long-term debt	(60)			(13)		
Total net investment hedges	$	(73)			$	54 		
Cash flow hedges				
Interest rate contracts	$	(51)			$	(2)		
Cross currency swaps	2 			2 		
Total cash flow hedges	(49)			— 		
Total net (loss) gain in AOCL	$	(122)			$	54 		
Derivatives not designated as accounting hedges:
Foreign exchange forwards
The Company also enters into foreign exchange forward contracts to mitigate the change in fair value on certain assets and liabilities denominated in currencies other than a subsidiary’s functional currency. These forward contracts are not designated as accounting hedges under the applicable sections of Topic 815 of the ASC. Accordingly, changes in the fair value of these contracts are recognized immediately in other non-operating income, net in the Company’s consolidated statements of operations along with the FX gain or loss recognized on the assets and liabilities denominated in a currency other than the subsidiary’s functional currency. These contracts have expiration dates at various times through November 2020.
The following table summarizes the notional amounts of the Company’s outstanding foreign exchange forwards:
																								
	September 30, 2020		December 31, 2019	
Notional amount of currency pair:	Sell		Buy		Sell		Buy	
Contracts to sell USD for GBP	$	320 			£	254 			$	235 			£	178 		
Contracts to sell USD for Japanese Yen	$	10 			¥	1,000 			$	29 			¥	3,200 		
Contracts to sell USD for Canadian dollars	$	105 			C$	140 			$	83 			C$	110 		
Contracts to sell USD for Singapore dollars	$	58 			S$	79 			$	41 			S$	56 		
Contracts to sell USD for Euros	$	530 			€	452 			$	421 			€	378 		
Contracts to sell Euros for GBP	€	53 			£	48 			€	25 			£	21 		
Contracts to sell USD for Russian Ruble	$	9 			₽	670 			$	— 			₽	— 		
Contracts to sell USD for Indian Rupee	$	18 			₹	1,350 			$	— 			₹	— 		
NOTE: € = Euro, £ = British pound, $ = U.S. dollar, ¥ = Japanese Yen, C$ = Canadian dollar, S$= Singapore dollars, ₽= Russian Ruble, ₹= Indian Rupee
The following table summarizes the impact to the consolidated statements of operations relating to the net losses on the Company’s derivatives which are not designated as hedging instruments:
																																	
Derivatives not designated as accounting hedges		Location on Statement of Operations		Three Months Ended
September 30,		Nine Months Ended
September 30,	
				2020		2019		2020		2019	
Foreign exchange forwards		Other non-operating income, net		$	36 			$	(26)			$	1 			$	(35)		
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The table below shows the classification between assets and liabilities on the Company’s consolidated balance sheets for the fair value of the derivative instrument as well as the carrying value of its non-derivative debt instruments designated and qualifying as net investment hedges:
																					
		Derivative and Non-Derivative Instruments	
		Balance Sheet Location		September 30, 2020		December 31, 2019	
Assets:							
Derivatives designated as accounting hedges:							
Cross-currency swaps designated as net investment hedges		Other assets		$	9 			$	56 		
Interest rate swaps designated as fair value hedges		Other assets		63 			27 		
FX forwards designated as net investment hedges		Other current assets		2 			— 		
Total derivatives designated as accounting hedges				74 			83 		
							
Derivatives not designated as accounting hedges:							
FX forwards on certain assets and liabilities		Other current assets		5 			9 		
Total assets				$	79 			$	92 		
Liabilities:							
Derivatives designated as accounting hedges:							
Cross-currency swaps designated as net investment hedges		Other liabilities		$	63 			$	— 		
Interest rate swaps designated as fair value hedges		Other liabilities		1 			— 		
Total derivatives designated as accounting hedges				64 			— 		
Non-derivatives designated as accounting hedges:							
Long-term debt designated as net investment hedge		Long-term debt		1,465 			1,403 		
Derivatives not designated as accounting hedges:							
FX forwards on certain assets and liabilities		Accounts payable and accrued liabilities		5 			— 		
Total liabilities				$	1,534 			$	1,403 		

NOTE 11. GOODWILL AND OTHER ACQUIRED INTANGIBLE ASSETS
The following table summarizes the activity in goodwill for the periods indicated:

	Nine Months Ended September 30, 2020	
	MIS		MA		Consolidated	
	Gross goodwill		Accumulated impairment
charge		Net
goodwill		Gross goodwill		Accumulated
impairment
charge		Net
goodwill		Gross goodwill		Accumulated
impairment
charge		Net
goodwill	
Balance at beginning
of year	$	315 			$	— 			$	315 			$	3,419 			$	(12)			$	3,407 			$	3,734 			$	(12)			$	3,722 		
Additions/
adjustments (1)	(2)			— 			(2)			497 			— 			497 			495 			— 			495 		
Foreign currency translation adjustments	(11)			— 			(11)			76 			— 			76 			65 			— 			65 		
	
Ending balance	$	302 			$	— 			$	302 			$	3,992 			$	(12)			$	3,980 			$	4,294 			$	(12)			$	4,282 		

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	Year Ended December 31, 2019	
	MIS		MA		Consolidated	
	Gross goodwill		Accumulated impairment
charge		Net
goodwill		Gross goodwill		Accumulated
impairment
charge		Net
goodwill		Gross goodwill		Accumulated
impairment
charge		Net
goodwill	
Balance at beginning
of year	$	258 			$	— 			$	258 			$	3,535 			$	(12)			$	3,523 			$	3,793 			$	(12)			$	3,781 		
Additions/
adjustments (2)	53 			— 			53 			61 			— 			61 			114 			— 			114 		
Foreign currency translation
adjustments	4 			— 			4 			(14)			— 			(14)			(10)			— 			(10)		
Divestiture of MAKS	— 			— 			— 			(163)			— 			(163)			(163)			— 			(163)		
Ending balance	$	315 			$	— 			$	315 			$	3,419 			$	(12)			$	3,407 			$	3,734 			$	(12)			$	3,722 		
(1) The 2020 additions/adjustments for the MA segment in the table above primarily relate to the acquisitions of RDC and RBA.
(2) The 2019 additions/adjustments for the MIS segment in the table above relate to the acquisitions of Vigeo Eiris and Four Twenty Seven. The 2019 additions/adjustments for the MA segment in the table above relate to the acquisition of RiskFirst and ABS Suite.
Acquired intangible assets and related amortization consisted of:

	September 30,
2020		December 31,
2019	
Customer relationships	$	1,524 			$	1,325 		
Accumulated amortization	(287)			(235)		
Net customer relationships	1,237 			1,090 		
Trade secrets	30 			30 		
Accumulated amortization	(29)			(29)		
Net trade secrets	1 			1 		
Software/product technology	378 			372 		
Accumulated amortization	(152)			(131)		
Net software/product technology	226 			241 		
Trade names	152 			150 		
Accumulated amortization	(35)			(30)		
Net trade names	117 			120 		
Other (1)	182 			80 		
Accumulated amortization	(46)			(34)		
Net other	136 			46 		
Total acquired intangible assets, net	$	1,717 			$	1,498 		
(1) Other intangible assets primarily consist of databases, covenants not to compete, and acquired ratings methodologies and models.
Amortization expense relating to acquired intangible assets is as follows:

	Three Months Ended
September 30,		Nine Months Ended
September 30,	
	2020		2019		2020		2019	
Amortization expense	$	31 			$	24 			$	90 			$	77 		
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Estimated future amortization expense for acquired intangible assets subject to amortization is as follows:

Year Ending December 31,			
2020 (After September 30,)		$	31 		
2021		121 		
2022		120 		
2023		116 		
2024		108 		
Thereafter		1,221 		
Total estimated future amortization		$	1,717 		
Matters concerning the ICRA reporting unit
On August 29, 2019, the board of directors of ICRA terminated the employment of ICRA's CEO and on September 28, 2019, the shareholders of ICRA voted to remove the former CEO from his position on ICRA's board of directors. ICRA appointed a new Managing Director & Group CEO effective August 10, 2020. ICRA has reported that the Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI) issued an adjudication order dated December 26, 2019 imposing a penalty of INR 25 lakh (approximately $35,000) on ICRA in connection with credit ratings assigned to one of ICRA’s customers and the customer’s subsidiaries. ICRA has further reported that: (i) it is appealing that order; and (ii) it had received a related "show cause" notice from SEBI asking ICRA to demonstrate why the penalty imposed should not be increased. In an order dated September 22, 2020, SEBI increased the penalty imposed on ICRA from INR 25 lakh to INR 1 crore (approximately $140,000). In addition, ICRA has disclosed that it has completed its internal examinations into anonymous allegations that were forwarded to ICRA by SEBI and certain additional allegations made during the course of that examination while an examination into a separate anonymous complaint is ongoing. ICRA reported that its Board of Directors is in the process of taking appropriate actions based on the findings of the completed examinations. As of the date of this quarterly report on Form 10-Q, the Company is unable to estimate the financial impact, if any, that may result from a potential unfavorable conclusion of these matters or any other ICRA inquiry. An unfavorable resolution of such matters may negatively impact ICRA’s future operating results, which could result in an impairment of goodwill and amortizable intangible assets in future quarters.

NOTE 12. RESTRUCTURING
On July 29, 2020, the chief executive officer of Moody’s approved a restructuring program (the “2020 Restructuring Program”) primarily in response to the COVID-19 pandemic which revolves around the rationalization and exit of certain real estate leases. The exit from certain leased office space began in the third quarter of 2020 and is anticipated to be substantially completed during the first half of 2021. The 2020 Restructuring Program is estimated to result in total pre-tax charges of $25 to $35 million, which primarily reflect non-cash charges related to the impairment of operating lease right-of-use assets and leasehold improvements. Approximately $25 to $30 million of this amount is expected to be recorded in the second half of 2020. The 2020 Restructuring Program is expected to result in an estimated annualized savings of approximately $5 to $6 million a year.
On October 26, 2018, the chief executive officer of Moody’s approved a restructuring program (the “2018 Restructuring Program”) that the Company estimates will result in annualized savings of approximately $60 million per year. The 2018 Restructuring Program, the scope of which was expanded in the second quarter of 2019, is estimated to result in total pre-tax charges of $105 to $110 million. The 2018 Restructuring Program included relocation of certain functions from high-cost to lower-cost jurisdictions, a reduction of staff, including from acquisitions and pursuant to a review of the business criticality of certain positions, and the rationalization and exit of certain real estate leases due to consolidation of various business activities. The exit from certain leased office space began in the fourth quarter of 2018 and resulted in approximately $50 million of the charges to either terminate or sublease the affected real estate leases. The 2018 Restructuring Program also included approximately $60 million of personnel-related restructuring charges, an amount that includes severance and related costs primarily determined under the Company’s existing severance plans. Cash outlays associated with the employee termination cost component of the 2018 Restructuring Program are anticipated to be approximately $60 million, which will be paid through 2021. The remaining restructuring liability relating to the 2018 Restructuring Program was not material as of September 30, 2020.
Total expenses included in the accompanying consolidated statements of operations relating to the 2018 Restructuring Program and 2020 Restructuring Program are as follows:
																								
	Three Months Ended
September 30,		Nine Months Ended
September 30,	
	2020		2019		2020		2019	
2018 Restructuring Program	$	— 			$	(1)			$	(3)			$	58 		
2020 Restructuring Program (1)	23 			— 			23 			— 		
Total Restructuring	$	23 			$	(1)			$	20 			$	58 		
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(1) Consists of a non-cash charge relating to the impairment of leasehold improvements and ROU Assets. The fair value of the impaired ROU Assets was determined by utilizing the present value of the estimated future cash flows attributable to the assets. The fair value of these ROU assets immediately subsequent to the impairment was $10 million, and is categorized as Level 3 within the ASC Topic 820 fair value hierarchy.

NOTE 13. FAIR VALUE    
The table below presents information about items that are carried at fair value at September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019:

	Fair value Measurement as of September 30, 2020	
Description	Balance		Level 1		Level 2	
Assets:						
Derivatives (1)	$	79 			$	— 			$	79 		
Mutual funds	50 			50 			— 		
Total	$	129 			$	50 			$	79 		
Liabilities:						
Derivatives (1)	$	69 			$	— 			$	69 		
Total	$	69 			$	— 			$	69 		

																		
	Fair value Measurement as of December 31, 2019	
Description	Balance		Level 1		Level 2	
Assets:						
Derivatives (1)	$	92 			$	— 			$	92 		
	
Mutual funds	3 			3 			— 		
Total	$	95 			$	3 			$	92 		

	
(1)Represents FX forwards on certain assets and liabilities as well as interest rate swaps, cross-currency swaps and forward contracts as more fully described in Note 10 to the condensed consolidated financial statements.
The following are descriptions of the methodologies utilized by the Company to estimate the fair value of its derivative contracts, mutual funds and money market mutual funds:
Derivatives:
In determining the fair value of the derivative contracts in the table above, the Company utilizes industry standard valuation models. Where applicable, these models project future cash flows and discount the future amounts to a present value using spot rates, forward points, currency volatilities, interest rates as well as the risk of non-performance of the Company and the counterparties with whom it has derivative contracts. The Company established strict counterparty credit guidelines and only enters into transactions with financial institutions that adhere to these guidelines. Accordingly, the risk of counterparty default is deemed to be minimal.
Mutual funds and money market mutual funds:
The mutual funds in the table above are deemed to be equity securities with readily determinable fair values with changes in the fair value recognized through net income under ASC Topic 321. The fair value of these instruments is determined using Level 1 inputs as defined in the ASC Topic 820.
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NOTE 14. OTHER BALANCE SHEET AND STATEMENT OF OPERATIONS INFORMATION
The following tables contain additional detail related to certain balance sheet captions:

	September 30, 2020		December 31, 2019	
Other current assets:				
Prepaid taxes	$	121 			$	79 		
Prepaid expenses	77 			71 		
Capitalized costs to obtain and fulfill sales contracts	80 			91 		
Other	55 			89 		
Total other current assets	$	333 			$	330 		
Other assets:				
Investments in non-consolidated affiliates	$	123 			$	117 		
Deposits for real-estate leases	16 			13 		
Indemnification assets related to acquisitions	16 			16 		
Mutual funds and fixed deposits	54 			10 		
Company owned life insurance (at contract value)	14 			— 		
Costs to obtain sales contracts	118 			119 		
Cross currency and interest rate swaps	72 			83 		
Other	55 			31 		
Total other assets	$	468 			$	389 		
Accounts payable and accrued liabilities:				
Salaries and benefits	$	131 			$	152 		
Incentive compensation	160 			208 		
Customer credits, advanced payments and advanced billings	44 			28 		
	
Dividends	7 			7 		
Professional service fees	51 			43 		
Interest accrued on debt	43 			63 		
Accounts payable	26 			38 		
Income taxes	97 			73 		
Pension and other retirement employee benefits	7 			7 		
Accrued royalties	13 			25 		
Foreign exchange forwards on certain assets and liabilities	5 			— 		
Restructuring liability	4 			21 		
	
Other	124 			108 		
Total accounts payable and accrued liabilities	$	712 			$	773 		

	

	

	

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	September 30, 2020		December 31, 2019	

	

	

	

	

	

	

	

	

	

	

	

Other liabilities:				
Pension and other retirement employee benefits	$	214 			$	299 		
	
Interest accrued on UTPs	107 			82 		
MAKS indemnification provisions	33 			43 		
Income tax liability - non-current portion	51 			51 		
Cross currency and interest rate swaps	64 			— 		
Restructuring liability	2 			3 		
Other	27 			26 		
Total other liabilities	$	498 			$	504 		

Loss pursuant to the Divestiture of MAKS:
The $2 million and $11 million loss during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019 and $9 million loss during the nine months ended September 30, 2020 relates to the strategic divestiture of MAKS.
Other Non-Operating Income (Expense):
The following table summarizes the components of other non-operating income (expense):

	Three Months Ended September 30,		Nine Months Ended September 30,	
	2020		2019		2020		2019	
FX gain (loss)	$	2 			$	1 			$	7 			$	(15)		
Net periodic pension costs - other components	3 			4 			10 			13 		
Income from investments in non-consolidated affiliates	4 			4 			4 			11 		
Other	1 			1 			17 			3 		
Total	$	10 			$	10 			$	38 			$	12 		

NOTE 15. COMPREHENSIVE INCOME AND ACCUMULATED OTHER COMPREHENSIVE LOSS
The following table provides details about the reclassifications out of AOCL:

Losses on cash flow hedges	Three Months Ended
September 30, 2020		Nine Months Ended
September 30, 2020		Location in the consolidated statement of operations	
	
Interest rate contract	$	— 			$	(1)			Other non-operating expense, net	
	
Income tax effect of items above	— 			— 			Provision for income taxes	
Total net losses on cash flow hedges	— 			(1)				

	

Pension and other retirement benefits						
Amortization of actuarial losses and prior service costs included in net income	(1)			(3)			Operating expense	
Amortization of actuarial losses and prior service costs included in net income	(1)			(2)			SG&A expense	
Total before income taxes	(2)			(5)				
Income tax effect of item above	— 			1 			Provision for income taxes	
Total pension and other retirement benefits	(2)			(4)				
Total net losses included in Net Income attributable to reclassifications out of AOCL	$	(2)			$	(5)				
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					Location in the consolidated statement of operations	
Gains (losses) on cash flow hedges	Three Months Ended
September 30, 2019		Nine Months Ended
September 30, 2019			
Cross-currency swap	$	— 			$	— 			Other non-operating income, net	
Interest rate contract	— 			— 			Interest expense, net	
Total before income taxes	— 			— 				
Income tax effect of items above	— 			— 			Provision for income taxes	
Total net gains (losses) on cash flow hedges	— 			— 				
Gains on net investment hedges						
FX forwards	1 			1 			Other non-operating income, net	
Income tax effect of item above	— 			— 			Provision for income taxes	
Total net gains on net investment hedges	1		1			
Pension and other retirement benefits						
Amortization of actuarial losses and prior service costs included in net income	(1)			(2)			Operating expense	
Amortization of actuarial losses and prior service costs included in net income	— 			(1)			SG&A expense	
Total before income taxes	(1)			(3)				
Income tax effect of item above	— 			1 			Provision for income taxes	
Total pension and other retirement benefits	(1)			(2)				
Total net losses included in Net Income attributable to reclassifications out of AOCL	$	— 			$	(1)				

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The following tables show changes in AOCL by component (net of tax):

	Three Months Ended	
	September 30, 2020		September 30, 2019	
Gains/(Losses)	Pension and Other Retirement Benefits	Cash Flow Hedges	Foreign Currency Translation Adjustments	Net Investment Hedges	Total		Pension and Other Retirement Benefits	Cash Flow Hedges	Foreign Currency Translation Adjustments	Net Investment Hedges	Total	
Balance June 30,	$	(84)		$	(49)		$	(479)		$	70 		$	(542)			$	(70)		$	— 		$	(401)		$	25 		$	(446)		
Other comprehensive income/(loss) before reclassifications	(7)		— 		186 		(143)		36 			— 		— 		(193)		102 		(91)		
Amounts reclassified from AOCL	2 		— 		— 		— 		2 			1 		— 		— 		(1)		— 		
Other comprehensive income/(loss)	(5)		— 		186 		(143)		38 			1 		— 		(193)		101 		(91)		
Balance September 30,	$	(89)		$	(49)		$	(293)		$	(73)		$	(504)			$	(69)		$	— 		$	(594)		$	126 		$	(537)		

	Nine Months Ended	
	September 30, 2020	September 30, 2019	
Gains/(Losses)	Pension and Other Retirement Benefits	Cash Flow Hedges	Foreign Currency Translation Adjustments	Net Investment Hedges	Total		Pension and Other Retirement Benefits	Cash Flow Hedges	Foreign Currency Translation Adjustments	Net Investment Hedges	Total	
Balance December 31,	$	(92)		$	— 		$	(401)		$	54 		$	(439)			$	(53)		$	— 		$	(406)		$	33 		$	(426)		
Other comprehensive income/(loss) before reclassifications	(1)		(50)		108 		(127)		(70)			(1)		— 		(188)		97 		(92)		
Amounts reclassified from AOCL	4 		1 		— 		— 		5 			2 		— 		— 		(1)		1 		
Adoption of ASU 2018-02	— 		— 		— 		— 		— 			(17)		— 		— 		(3)		(20)		
Other comprehensive income/(loss)	3 		(49)		108 		(127)		(65)			(16)		— 		(188)		93 		(111)		
Balance September 30,	$	(89)		$	(49)		$	(293)		$	(73)		$	(504)			$	(69)		$	— 		$	(594)		$	126 		$	(537)		

NOTE 16. PENSION AND OTHER RETIREMENT BENEFITS
Moody’s maintains funded and unfunded noncontributory DBPPs. The U.S. plans provide defined benefits using a cash balance formula based on years of service and career average salary for its employees or final average pay for selected executives. The Company also provides certain healthcare and life insurance benefits for retired U.S. employees. The retirement healthcare plans are contributory; the life insurance plans are noncontributory. Moody’s funded and unfunded U.S. pension plans, the U.S. retirement healthcare plans and the U.S. retirement life insurance plans are collectively referred to herein as the “Retirement Plans”. The U.S. retirement healthcare plans and the U.S. retirement life insurance plans are collectively referred to herein as the “Other Retirement Plans”. The non-U.S. defined benefit pension plans are immaterial.
Effective January 1, 2008, the Company no longer offers DBPPs to U.S. employees hired or rehired on or after January 1, 2008. New U.S. employees will instead receive a retirement contribution of similar benefit value under the Company’s Profit Participation Plan. Current participants of the Company’s DBPPs continue to accrue benefits based on existing plan formulas.
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The components of net periodic benefit expense related to the Retirement Plans are as follows:

	
	Three Months Ended September 30,	
	Pension Plans		Other Retirement Plans	
	2020		2019		2020		2019	
Components of net periodic expense								
Service cost	$	5 			$	4 			$	— 			$	1 		
Interest cost	4 			5 			1 			— 		
Expected return on plan assets	(5)			(5)			— 			— 		
Amortization of net actuarial loss from earlier periods	2 			1 			— 			— 		
	
Net periodic expense	$	6 			$	5 			$	1 			$	1 		

	Nine Months Ended September 30,	
	Pension Plans		Other Retirement Plans	
	2020		2019		2020		2019	
Components of net periodic expense								
Service cost	$	13 			$	12 			$	2 			$	2 		
Interest cost	13 			15 			1 			1 		
Expected return on plan assets	(15)			(15)			— 			— 		
Amortization of net actuarial loss from earlier periods	5 			3 			— 			— 		
	
Net periodic expense	$	16 			$	15 			$	3 			$	3 		
The Company contributed $99 million to its funded pension plan, $8 million related to its unfunded U.S. DBPPs and $1 million to its U.S. other retirement plans during the nine months ended September 30, 2020. Additionally, the Company anticipates making payments of $1 million to its unfunded U.S. DBPPs, during the remainder of 2020.
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NOTE 17. INDEBTEDNESS
The Company’s debt is recorded at its carrying amount, which represents the issuance amount plus or minus any issuance premium or discount, except for the 2012 Senior Notes, the 2017 Senior Notes due 2023, the 2017 Senior Notes due 2028 and the 2020 Senior Notes due 2025 which are recorded at the carrying amount adjusted for the fair value of an interest rate swap used to hedge the fair value of the note.
The following table summarizes total indebtedness:

September 30, 2020	
Notes Payable:	Principal Amount		Fair Value of Interest Rate Swaps (1)		Unamortized (Discount) Premium		Unamortized Debt Issuance Costs		Carrying Value	
4.50% 2012 Senior Notes, due 2022	$	500 			$	16 			$	(1)			$	(1)			$	514 		
4.875% 2013 Senior Notes, due 2024	500 			— 			(1)			(1)			498 		
5.25% 2014 Senior Notes (30-Year), due 2044	600 			— 			4 			(5)			599 		
1.75% 2015 Senior Notes, due 2027	586 			— 			— 			(2)			584 		
2.625% 2017 Senior Notes, due 2023	500 			13 			(1)			(2)			510 		
3.25% 2017 Senior Notes, due 2028	500 			34 			(4)			(3)			527 		
4.25% 2018 Senior Notes, due 2029	400 			— 			(2)			(3)			395 		
4.875% 2018 Senior Notes, due 2048	400 			— 			(7)			(4)			389 		
0.950% 2019 Senior Notes, due 2030	879 			— 			(3)			(6)			870 		
3.75% 2020 Senior Notes, due 2025	700 			(1)			(1)			(5)			693 		
3.25% 2020 Senior Notes, due 2050	300 			— 			(4)			(3)			293 		
2.55% 2020 Senior Notes, due 2060	500 			— 			(4)			(5)			491 		
	
Total long-term debt	$	6,365 			$	62 			$	(24)			$	(40)			$	6,363 		

																														
December 31, 2019	
Notes Payable:	Principal Amount		Fair Value of Interest Rate Swaps (1)		Unamortized (Discount) Premium		Unamortized Debt Issuance Costs		Carrying Value	
	
4.50% 2012 Senior Notes, due 2022	$	500 			$	9 			$	(1)			$	(1)			$	507 		
4.875% 2013 Senior Notes, due 2024	500 			— 			(1)			(2)			497 		
5.25% 2014 Senior Notes (30-Year), due 2044	600 			— 			4 			(5)			599 		
1.75% 2015 Senior Notes, due 2027	561 			— 			— 			(3)			558 		
2.75% 2017 Senior Notes, due 2021	500 			11 			(1)			(2)			508 		
2.625% 2017 Senior Notes, due 2023	500 			7 			(1)			(2)			504 		
3.25% 2017 Senior Notes, due 2028	500 			— 			(4)			(3)			493 		
3.25% 2018 Senior Notes, due 2021	300 			— 			— 			(1)			299 		
4.25% 2018 Senior Notes, due 2029	400 			— 			(3)			(3)			394 		
4.875% 2018 Senior Notes, due 2048	400 			— 			(7)			(4)			389 		
0.950% 2019 Senior Notes, due 2030	842 			— 			(3)			(6)			833 		
Total long-term debt	$	5,603 			$	27 			$	(17)			$	(32)			$	5,581 		

(1) The fair value of interest rate swaps in the table above represents the cumulative amount of fair value hedging adjustments included in the carrying amount of the hedged debt.
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Notes Payable
In the first nine months of 2020, the Company issued the 2020 Senior Notes (5-year), the 2020 Senior Notes (30-year) and the 2020 Senior Notes (40-year). The key terms of these debt issuances are set forth in the table above.
The Company may prepay certain amounts of its senior notes, in whole or in part, but may incur a Make-Whole Amount penalty.
In the second quarter of 2020, the Company fully repaid $300 million of the 2018 Senior Notes due 2021 along with a Make-Whole Amount of approximately $8 million. In the third quarter of 2020, the Company fully repaid $500 million of the 2017 Senior Notes due 2021 along with a Make-Whole Amount of approximately $16 million. Additionally, in the third quarter of 2020, the Company recognized into interest expense, net, $17 million of carrying value adjustments relating to the early termination of interest rate swaps designated as fair value hedges that were associated with the 2017 Senior Notes due 2021.
At September 30, 2020, the Company was in compliance with all covenants contained within all of the debt agreements. All the debt agreements contain cross default provisions which state that default under one of the aforementioned debt instruments could in turn permit lenders under other debt instruments to declare borrowings outstanding under those instruments to be immediately due and payable. As of September 30, 2020, there were no such cross defaults.
The repayment schedule for the Company’s borrowings is as follows:

Year Ending December 31,	2012 Senior Notes due 2022		2013 Senior Notes due 2024		2014 Senior Notes (30-Year) due 2044		2015 Senior Notes due 2027		2017 Senior Notes due 2023		2017 Senior Notes due 2028		2018 Senior Notes due 2029		2018 Senior Notes due 2048		2019 Senior Notes due 2030		2020 Senior Notes due 2025		2020 Senior Notes due 2050		2020 Senior Notes due 2060		Total	
2020 (After September 30,)	$	— 			$	— 			$	— 			$	— 			$	— 			$	— 			$	— 			$	— 			$	— 			$	— 			$	— 			$	— 			$	— 		
2021	— 			— 			— 			— 			— 			— 			— 			— 			— 			— 			— 			— 			— 		
2022	500 			— 			— 			— 			— 			— 			— 			— 			— 			— 			— 			— 			500 		
2023	— 			— 			— 			— 			500 			— 			— 			— 			— 			— 			— 			— 			500 		
2024	— 			500 			— 			— 			— 			— 			— 			— 			— 			— 			— 			— 			500 		
Thereafter	— 			— 			600 			586 			— 			500 			400 			400 			879 			700 			300 			500 			4,865 		
Total	$	500 			$	500 			$	600 			$	586 			$	500 			$	500 			$	400 			$	400 			$	879 			$	700 			$	300 			$	500 			$	6,365 		
Interest expense, net
The following table summarizes the components of interest as presented in the consolidated statements of operations:

	Three Months Ended
September 30,		Nine Months Ended
September 30,	
	2020		2019		2020		2019	
Income	$	2 			$	3 			$	9 			$	12 		
Expense on borrowings	(42)			(37)			(121)			(125)		
UTPs and other tax related liabilities	(9)			(7)			(27)			(20)		
Net periodic pension costs - interest component	(4)			(6)			(14)			(17)		
Capitalized	— 			1 			— 			1 		
Total	$	(53)			$	(46)			$	(153)			$	(149)		
The following table shows the cash paid for interest:

	Nine Months Ended
September 30,	
	2020		2019	
Interest paid	$	119 			$	149 		
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The fair value and carrying value of the Company’s debt as of September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019 are as follows:

	September 30, 2020		December 31, 2019	
	Carrying Amount		Estimated Fair Value		Carrying Amount		Estimated Fair Value	
4.50% 2012 Senior Notes, due 2022	$	514 			$	535 			$	507 			$	531 		
4.875% 2013 Senior Notes, due 2024	498 			565 			497 			551 		
5.25% 2014 Senior Notes (30-Year), due 2044	599 			822 			599 			757 		
1.75% 2015 Senior Notes, due 2027	584 			643 			558 			604 		
2.75% 2017 Senior Notes, due 2021	— 			— 			508 			507 		
2.625% 2017 Senior Notes, due 2023	510 			523 			504 			507 		
3.25% 2017 Senior Notes, due 2028	527 			566 			493 			523 		
3.25% 2018 Senior Notes, due 2021	— 			— 			299 			306 		
4.25% 2018 Senior Notes, due 2029	395 			479 			394 			453 		
4.875% 2018 Senior Notes, due 2048	389 			540 			389 			492 		
0.950% 2019 Senior Notes, due 2030	870 			923 			833 			847 		
3.75% 2020 Senior Notes, due 2025	693 			789 			— 			— 		
3.25% 2020 Senior Notes, due 2050	293 			320 			— 			— 		
2.55% 2020 Senior Notes, due 2060	491 			458 			— 			— 		
Total	$	6,363 			$	7,163 			$	5,581 			$	6,078 		
The fair value of the Company’s long-term debt is estimated based on quoted market prices for similar instruments. Accordingly, the inputs used to estimate the fair value of the Company’s long-term debt are classified as Level 2 inputs within the fair value hierarchy.

NOTE 18. LEASES
The Company has operating leases, substantially all of which relate to the lease of office space. The Company’s leases which are classified as finance leases are not material to the consolidated financial statements. Certain of the Company’s leases include options to renew, with renewal terms that can extend the lease term from one year to 20 years at the Company’s discretion.
The following table presents the components of the Company’s lease cost:

	Three Months Ended September 30,		Nine Months Ended September 30,	
	2020		2019		2020		2019	
								
Operating lease cost	$	24 			$	24 			$	72 			$	73 		
Sublease income	(1)			— 			(3)			— 		
Variable lease cost	4 			5 			14 			13 		
Total lease cost	$	27 			$	29 			$	83 			$	86 		
								
During the third quarter of 2020, the Company recorded $11 million of ROU Asset impairment charges related to the rationalization and exit of certain real estate leases pursuant to the 2020 Restructuring Program. The impairment charges were recorded within the Restructuring caption on the consolidated statement of operations. Refer to Note 12 for further details on the Company's 2020 Restructuring Program.

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The following tables present other information related to the Company’s operating leases:

	Three Months Ended September 30,		Nine Months Ended September 30,	
	2020		2019		2020		2019	
Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of operating lease liabilities	$	27 			$	27 			$	80 			$	80 		
Right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for new operating lease liabilities	$	7 			$	12 			$	26 			$	28 		

												
	September 30, 2020		September 30, 2019	
Weighted-average remaining lease term	6.3 years		6.9 years	
Weighted-average discount rate applied to operating leases	3.6 	%		3.6 	%	
The following table presents a maturity analysis of the future minimum lease payments included within the Company’s operating lease liabilities at September 30, 2020:

Year Ending December 31,		Operating Leases	
2020 (After September 30)		$	27 		
2021		107 		
2022		96 		
2023		90 		
2024		81 		
After 2024		191 		
Total lease payments (undiscounted)		592 		
Less: Interest		62 		
Present value of lease liabilities:		$	530 		
Lease liabilities - current		$	91 		
Lease liabilities - noncurrent		$	439 		

NOTE 19. CONTINGENCIES
Given the nature of the Company's activities, Moody’s and its subsidiaries are subject to legal and tax proceedings, governmental, regulatory and legislative investigations, subpoenas and other inquiries, and claims and litigation by governmental and private parties that are based on ratings assigned by MIS or that are otherwise incidental to the Company’s business. Moody’s and MIS also are subject to periodic reviews, inspections, examinations and investigations by regulators in the U.S. and other jurisdictions, any of which may result in claims, legal proceedings, assessments, fines, penalties or restrictions on business activities. Moody’s also is subject to ongoing tax audits as addressed in Note 5 to the consolidated financial statements.
Management periodically assesses the Company’s liabilities and contingencies in connection with these matters based upon the latest information available. For claims, litigation and proceedings and governmental investigations and inquiries not related to income taxes, the Company records liabilities in the consolidated financial statements when it is both probable that a liability has been incurred and the amount of loss can be reasonably estimated and periodically adjusts these as appropriate. When the reasonable estimate of the loss is within a range of amounts, the minimum amount of the range is accrued unless some higher amount within the range is a better estimate than another amount within the range. In instances when a loss is reasonably possible but uncertainties exist related to the probable outcome and/or the amount or range of loss, management does not record a liability but discloses the contingency if material. As additional information becomes available, the Company adjusts its assessments and estimates of such matters accordingly. Moody’s also discloses material pending legal proceedings pursuant to SEC rules and other pending matters as it may determine to be appropriate.
In view of the inherent difficulty of assessing the potential outcome of legal proceedings, governmental, regulatory and legislative investigations and inquiries, claims and litigation and similar matters and contingencies, particularly when the claimants seek large or indeterminate damages or assert novel legal theories or the matters involve a large number of parties, the
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Company often cannot predict what the eventual outcome of the pending matters will be or the timing of any resolution of such matters. The Company also may be unable to predict the impact (if any) that any such matters may have on how its business is conducted, on its competitive position or on its financial position, results of operations or cash flows. As the process to resolve any pending matters progresses, management will continue to review the latest information available and assess its ability to predict the outcome of such matters and the effects, if any, on its operations and financial condition and to accrue for and disclose such matters as and when required. However, because such matters are inherently unpredictable and unfavorable developments or resolutions can occur, the ultimate outcome of such matters, including the amount of any loss, may differ from those estimates.

NOTE 20. SEGMENT INFORMATION
The Company is organized into two operating segments: MIS and MA and accordingly, the Company reports in two reportable segments: MIS and MA.
The MIS segment consists of five LOBs. The CFG, SFG, FIG and PPIF LOBs generate revenue principally from fees for the assignment and ongoing monitoring of credit ratings on debt obligations and the entities that issue such obligations in markets worldwide. The MIS Other LOB primarily consists of financial instruments pricing services in the Asia-Pacific region, ICRA non-ratings revenue and revenue from providing ESG research, data and assessments.
The MA segment develops a wide range of products and services that support the risk management activities of institutional participants in global financial markets. Beginning in the first quarter of 2020, the MA segment now consists of two LOBs - RD&A and ERS. Subsequent to the divestiture of MAKS in the fourth quarter of 2019, the MALS business, which was historically part of the PS LOB through December 31, 2019, was reclassified to the RD&A LOB. Prior year revenue by LOB has not been reclassified as the amounts relating to the MALS business were not material.
Revenue for MIS and expenses for MA include an intersegment royalty charged to MA for the rights to use and distribute content, data and products developed by MIS. The royalty rate charged by MIS approximates the fair value of the aforementioned content, data and products and is generally based on comparable market transactions. Also, revenue for MA and expenses for MIS include an intersegment fee charged to MIS from MA for certain MA products and services utilized in MIS’s ratings process. These fees charged by MA are generally equal to the costs incurred by MA to produce these products and services.
Overhead expenses include costs such as rent and occupancy, information technology and support staff such as finance, human resources and legal. Such costs and corporate expenses that exclusively benefit one segment are fully charged to that segment.
For overhead costs and corporate expenses that benefit both segments, costs are allocated to each segment based on the segment’s share of full-year 2018 actual revenue which comprises a “Baseline Pool” that will remain fixed over time. In subsequent periods, incremental overhead costs (or reductions thereof) will be allocated to each segment based on the prevailing shares of total revenue represented by each segment.
“Eliminations” in the following table represent intersegment revenue/expense. Moody’s does not report the Company’s assets by reportable segment, as this metric is not used by the chief operating decision maker to allocate resources to the segments. Consequently, it is not practical to show assets by reportable segment.
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Financial Information by Segment
The table below shows revenue, operating income and Adjusted Operating Income by reportable segment. Adjusted Operating Income is a financial metric utilized by the Company’s chief operating decision maker to assess the profitability of each reportable segment. Refer to Note 3 for further details on the components of the Company’s revenue.

	
	Three Months Ended September 30,	
	2020		2019	
	MIS		MA		Eliminations		Consolidated		MIS		MA		Eliminations		Consolidated	
Revenue	$	863 			$	532 			$	(39)			$	1,356 			$	781 			$	496 			$	(37)			$	1,240 		
Total Expense	339 			414 			(39)			714 			340 			388 			(37)			691 		
Operating income	524 			118 			— 			642 			441 			108 			— 			549 		
Add:																
Restructuring	13 			10 			— 			23 			— 			(1)			— 			(1)		
Depreciation and
amortization	17 			39 			— 			56 			18 			30 			— 			48 		
	
Loss pursuant to the divestiture of MAKS	— 			— 			— 			— 			— 			2 			— 			2 		
Captive insurance company settlement	— 			— 			— 			— 			10 			6 			— 			16 		
Adjusted Operating Income	$	554 			$	167 			$	— 			$	721 			$	469 			$	145 			$	— 			$	614 		

	Nine Months Ended September 30,	
	2020		2019	
	MIS		MA		Eliminations		Consolidated		MIS		MA		Eliminations		Consolidated	
Revenue	$	2,667 			$	1,529 			$	(115)			$	4,081 			$	2,255 			$	1,448 			$	(107)			$	3,596 		
Total Expenses	1,051 			1,201 			(115)			2,137 			1,028 			1,181 			(107)			2,102 		
Operating income	1,616 			328 			— 			1,944 			1,227 			267 			— 			1,494 		
Add:																
Restructuring	12 			8 			— 			20 			29 			29 			— 			58 		
Depreciation and
amortization	52 			111 			— 			163 			53 			97 			— 			150 		
Acquisition-Related
Expenses	— 			— 			— 			— 			— 			3 			— 			3 		
Loss pursuant to the divestiture of MAKS	— 			9 			— 			9 			— 			11 			— 			11 		
Captive insurance company settlement	— 			— 			— 			— 			10 			6 			— 			16 		
Adjusted Operating Income	$	1,680 			$	456 			$	— 			$	2,136 			$	1,319 			$	413 			$	— 			$	1,732 		

The cumulative restructuring charges related to the 2018 Restructuring Program, as more fully discussed in Note 12, for the MIS and MA reportable segments are $62 million and $44 million, respectively.
The cumulative restructuring charges related to the 2020 Restructuring Program, as more fully discussed in Note 12, for the MIS and MA reportable segments are $13 million and $10 million, respectively.
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Consolidated Revenue Information by Geographic Area
																								
	Three Months Ended September 30,		Nine Months Ended September 30,	
	2020		2019		2020		2019	
United States	$	729 			$	660 			$	2,280 			$	1,910 		
Non-U.S.:								
EMEA	401 			362 			1,137 			1,057 		
Asia-Pacific	156 			142 			436 			415 		
Americas	70 			76 			228 			214 		
Total Non-U.S.	627 			580 			1,801 			1,686 		
Total	$	1,356 			$	1,240 			$	4,081 			$	3,596 		

NOTE 21. RECENTLY ISSUED ACCOUNTING STANDARDS
In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU No. 2018-14, “Compensation—Retirement Benefits—Defined Benefit Plans—General (Subtopic 715- 20): Disclosure Framework—Changes to the Disclosure Requirements for Defined Benefit Plans”. This ASU eliminates requirements for certain disclosures and requires additional disclosures under defined benefit pension plans and other postretirement plans. The ASU is effective for all entities for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2020 on a retrospective basis to all periods presented, with early adoption permitted. The Company will comply with the new disclosure requirements set forth in this ASU upon adoption.
In April 2019, the FASB issued ASU No. 2019-04, “Codification Improvements to Topic 326, Financial Instruments—Credit Losses, Topic 815, Derivatives and Hedging, and Topic 825 Financial Instruments”. This ASU clarifies and improves guidance related to the recently issued standards updates on credit losses, hedging, and recognition and measurement of financial instruments. This ASU is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2020, with early adoption permitted. The Company does not anticipate that the adoption of this ASU will have a significant impact on its consolidated financial statements.
In December 2019, the FASB issued ASU No. 2019-12, "Income Taxes (Topic 740): Simplifying the Accounting for Income Taxes". This ASU simplifies the accounting for income taxes by eliminating certain exceptions to the general principles in Topic 740, Income Taxes, and clarifies certain aspects of the existing guidance to promote consistency among reporting entities. Most amendments within this ASU are required to be applied on a prospective basis, while certain amendments must be applied on a retrospective or modified retrospective basis. This ASU is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2020, with early adoption permitted. The Company does not anticipate that the adoption of this ASU will have a significant impact on its consolidated financial statements.

NOTE 22. SUBSEQUENT EVENTS
On October 21, 2020, the Company completed the acquisition of Acquire Media (AM), an aggregator and distributor of curated real-time news, multimedia, data, and alerts. The purchase price for this acquisition was not material and the near-term impact to the Company's financial statements is not expected to be material.
On October 27, 2020, the Board approved the declaration of a quarterly dividend of $0.56 per share of Moody’s common stock, payable on December 14, 2020 to shareholders of record at the close of business on November 23, 2020.

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Item 2.        MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
This discussion and analysis of financial condition and results of operations should be read in conjunction with the Moody’s Corporation condensed consolidated financial statements and notes thereto included elsewhere in this quarterly report on Form 10-Q.
This Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations contains Forward-Looking Statements. See “Forward-Looking Statements” commencing on page 91 for a discussion of uncertainties, risks and other factors associated with these statements.

THE COMPANY
Moody’s is a provider of (i) credit ratings and assessment services; (ii) credit, capital markets and economic research, data and analytical tools; (iii) software solutions that support financial risk management activities; (iv) quantitatively derived credit scores; (v) learning solutions and certification services; and (vi) company information and business intelligence products. Moody’s reports in two reportable segments: MIS and MA.
MIS, the credit rating agency, publishes credit ratings and provides assessment services on a wide range of debt obligations and the entities that issue such obligations in markets worldwide. Revenue is primarily derived from the originators and issuers of such transactions who use MIS ratings in the distribution of their debt issues to investors. Additionally, MIS earns revenue from certain non-ratings-related operations, which consist primarily of financial instrument pricing services in the Asia-Pacific region, revenue from ICRA’s non-ratings operations and revenue from providing ESG research, data and assessments. The revenue from these operations is included in the MIS Other LOB and is not material to the results of the MIS segment.
MA provides financial intelligence and analytical tools to assist businesses in making decisions. MA’s portfolio of solutions consists of specialized research, data, software, and professional services, which are assembled to support the financial analysis and risk management activities of institutional customers worldwide.

Corporate Social Responsibility
Moody’s believes that knowledge fuels opportunity. The core of Moody’s business is to provide credit ratings, research, tools and analysis that help to equip participants in the global financial markets to understand risks and make important investment decisions with critical insight. Moody’s global corporate social responsibility (CSR) efforts are rooted in that same approach. Moody’s is committed to working to empower people with the knowledge, resources and confidence they need to create a better future – for themselves, their communities and the environment.
The CSR Council, chaired by President and CEO Raymond W. McDaniel, Jr. and comprised of members of the management team, evaluates the Company’s CSR progress and generates recommendations on its CSR strategy. The CSR Working Group, comprised of senior executives, is then charged with implementing the Company’s CSR strategy. In addition, the Company’s Board of Directors oversees sustainability matters, with assistance from the Governance & Nominating Committee, as part of its oversight of management and the Company’s overall strategy. For more information on Moody’s approach to CSR, see moodys.com/csr. The content of this website is not incorporated by reference herein.
Sustainability
Moody’s advances sustainability by considering Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) factors throughout its operations and two business segments. It uses its expertise and assets to make a positive difference through technology tools, research and analytical services that help other organizations and the investor community better understand the links between sustainability considerations and the global markets. Moody’s efforts to promote sustainability-related thought leadership, assessments and data to market participants include following the policies of recognized sustainability and corporate social responsibility parties that develop standards or frameworks and/or evaluate and assess performance, including Global Reporting Initiative (GRI) and Sustainability Accounting Standards Board (SASB). Moody’s sustainability-related achievements have included the following: (i) reporting using recommendations from SASB; (ii) becoming a signatory to the Principles for Responsible Investment; (iii) joining the United Nations Global Compact; and (iv) issuing annual reports on how the Company has implemented the recommendations of the Task Force on Climate-related Financial Disclosures (TCFD).
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COVID-19
The Company is closely monitoring the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on all aspects of its business. While the Company has selectively reopened certain of its offices, Moody’s continues to require remote work for most employees globally and has operated effectively to date. The Company continues to monitor regional developments relating to the COVID-19 pandemic to inform decisions on the reopening of its offices.
The Company experienced disruption in certain sectors of its business beginning late in the first quarter of 2020 resulting from market volatility associated with the COVID-19 crisis. However, at the date of the filing of this quarterly report on Form 10-Q, the Company is unable to predict either the potential near-term or longer-term impact that the COVID-19 crisis may have on its financial position and operating results due to numerous uncertainties regarding the duration and severity of the crisis. As a result, it is reasonably possible that the Company could experience material impacts including, but not limited to: reductions in revenue and cash flows; additional credit losses related to accounts receivables; asset impairment charges; and changes in the funded status of defined benefit pension plans. While it is reasonably possible that the COVID-19 crisis will have a material impact on the results of operations and cash flows of the Company in the near term, Moody's believes that it has adequate liquidity to maintain its operations with minimal disruption and to maintain compliance with its debt covenants.
In the first nine months of 2020, in order to maximize liquidity and to increase available cash on hand through this period of uncertainty, the Company added $700 million in additional long-term borrowings as more fully discussed in the section entitled "Liquidity and Capital Resources" below and in Note 17 to the condensed consolidated financial statements. In addition, the Company has reduced discretionary spending, including temporarily suspending its share repurchase program beginning late in the first quarter of 2020 and spanning through the third quarter. The Company anticipates resuming its share repurchase program in the fourth quarter of 2020.
The Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security Act (“CARES Act”) was enacted on March 27, 2020 in the United States. The Company is utilizing certain provisions in the CARES Act and other IRS guidance which permit the deferral of certain income and payroll tax remittances.

Critical Accounting Estimates
Moody’s discussion and analysis of its financial condition and results of operations are based on the Company’s consolidated financial statements, which have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States. The preparation of these financial statements requires Moody’s to make estimates and judgments that affect reported amounts of assets and liabilities and related disclosures of contingent assets and liabilities at the dates of the financial statements and revenue and expenses during the reporting periods. These estimates are based on historical experience and on other assumptions that are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances. On an ongoing basis, Moody’s evaluates its estimates, including those related to revenue recognition, accounts receivable allowances, contingencies, restructuring, goodwill and acquired intangible assets, pension and other retirement benefits, stock-based compensation, and income taxes. Actual results may differ from these estimates under different assumptions or conditions. Item 7, MD&A, in the Company’s annual report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2019, includes descriptions of some of the judgments that Moody’s makes in applying its accounting estimates in these areas. Since the date of the annual report on Form 10-K, there have been no material changes to the Company’s critical accounting estimates other than certain updates relating to i) the critical accounting estimate disclosures relating to goodwill to update the Company's goodwill impairment assessments in 2020 and ii) to update the critical accounting estimate disclosures for the Company's accounts receivable allowances to align with the adoption of ASU 2016-13, "Financial Instruments - Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments".
Goodwill
As of July 31st of each year, Moody’s evaluates its goodwill for impairment at the reporting unit level, defined as an operating segment (i.e., MIS and MA), or one level below an operating segment (i.e., a component of an operating segment).
The Company has seven primary reporting units: two within the Company’s ratings business (one for the ICRA business and one that encompasses all of Moody’s other ratings operations) and five reporting units within MA: Content, ERS, MALS, Bureau van Dijk and Reis. The Content reporting unit offers subscription-based research, data and analytical products, including credit ratings produced by MIS, credit research, quantitative credit scores and other analytical tools, economic research and forecasts, business intelligence and company information products. The ERS reporting unit provides products and services that support the credit risk management and regulatory compliance activities of financial institutions and also provides advanced actuarial software for the life insurance industry. These products and services are primarily sold on a subscription basis or delivered via software that is licensed on a perpetual basis. The MALS reporting unit consists of the portion of the MA business that offers both credit training as well as other professional development training. The Bureau van Dijk reporting unit primarily
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consists of the Bureau van Dijk business and the newly acquired RDC business, and provides business intelligence, company information products and risk and compliance intelligence. The Reis reporting unit, which consists of the Reis business, provides commercial real estate market information and analytical tools.
The Company evaluates the recoverability of goodwill using a two-step impairment test approach at the reporting unit level. In the first step, the Company assesses various qualitative factors to determine whether the fair value of a reporting unit may be less than its carrying amount. If a determination is made based on the qualitative factors that an impairment does not exist, the Company is not required to perform further testing. If the aforementioned qualitative assessment results in the Company concluding that it is more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit may be less than its carrying amount, the fair value of the reporting unit will be quantitatively determined and compared to its carrying value including goodwill. If the fair value of the reporting unit exceeds the carrying value of the net assets assigned to that unit, goodwill is not impaired. If the fair value of the reporting unit is less than the carrying value, the Company will record a goodwill impairment charge for the amount by which the carrying value exceeds the reporting unit’s fair value. The Company evaluates its reporting units on an annual basis, or more frequently if there are changes in the reporting structure of the Company due to acquisitions, realignments or if there are indicators of potential impairment. For the reporting units where the Company is consistently able to conclude that no impairment exists using only a qualitative approach, the Company’s accounting policy is to perform the second step of the aforementioned goodwill impairment assessment at least once every three years.
Interim goodwill impairment assessments performed in advance of the Company's annual assessment
During the first half of 2020, the observable market capitalization of ICRA declined to a level that resulted in a significant decline in headroom (the amount by which the fair value of a reporting unit exceeds its carrying value) from amounts reported in the Company's Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2019. ICRA is a publicly traded company in India, and accordingly the Company is able to derive its fair value based on its observable average market capitalization (plus a control premium) over a relatively short duration of time. While the estimate of the fair value of the ICRA reporting unit resulted in no impairment of goodwill in the first half of 2020, further declines in ICRA's average market capitalization could result in impairment in future quarters.
As discussed in further detail in Note 11 to the Company's condensed consolidated financial statements, ICRA has reported that it has completed its internal examinations into anonymous allegations that were forwarded to ICRA by SEBI and certain additional allegations made during the course of that examination while an examination into a separate anonymous complaint is ongoing. ICRA reported that its Board of Directors is in the process of taking appropriate actions based on the findings of the completed examinations. As of the date of this quarterly report on Form 10-Q, the Company is unable to estimate
the financial impact, if any, that may result from a potential unfavorable conclusion of these matters or any other ICRA inquiry. An unfavorable resolution of such matters may negatively impact ICRA’s future operating results, which could result in an impairment of goodwill and amortizable intangible assets in future.

At June 30, 2020, the Company performed an interim quantitative goodwill impairment assessment on the Reis reporting unit (acquired in October 2018), which resulted in no impairment of goodwill. The Company performed this quantitative assessment in response to a decline in projected cash flows relative to Reis' acquisition case projections and included the estimated impact of the COVID-19 crisis on the business. While the fair value at June 30, 2020 of the Reis reporting unit exceeded its carrying value, further declines in its financial projections could result in impairment in future quarters.
Annual goodwill impairment assessment performed at July 31, 2020
At July 31, 2020, the Company performed a qualitative assessment for each of the reporting units. The qualitative analyses resulted in the Company determining that it was not more likely than not that the fair value of any reporting unit was less than its carrying amount.
Determining the fair value of a reporting unit or an indefinite-lived acquired intangible asset involves the use of significant estimates and assumptions, which are more fully described below. In addition, the Company also makes certain judgments and assumptions in allocating shared assets and liabilities to determine the carrying values for each of its reporting units.
Other assets and liabilities, including applicable corporate assets, are allocated to the extent they are related to the operation of respective reporting units.
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Sensitivity Analysis and Key Assumptions for Deriving the Fair Value of a Reporting Unit
The following table identifies the amount of goodwill allocated to each reporting unit as of September 30, 2020 and the amount by which the net assets of each reporting unit would exceed the fair value under Step 2 of the goodwill impairment test as prescribed in ASC Topic 350, assuming hypothetical reductions in their fair values as of the date of the last quantitative goodwill impairment assessment for each reporting unit (June 30, 2020 for ICRA and Reis; July 31, 2019 for all remaining reporting units).

			Sensitivity Analysis	
			Deficit Caused by a Hypothetical Reduction to Fair Value	
	Goodwill		10%		20%		30%		40%	
MIS	$	95 			$	— 			$	— 			$	— 			$	— 		
Content	371 			— 			— 			— 			— 		
ERS	745 			— 			— 			— 			— 		
MALS	123 			— 			— 			(12)			(37)		
ICRA	207 			— 			(2)			(44)			(85)		
Bureau van Dijk	2,594 			— 			— 			— 			(266)		
Reis	147 			— 			(22)			(48)			(74)		
Totals	$	4,282 			$	— 			$	(24)			$	(104)			$	(462)		

Methodologies and significant estimates utilized in determining the fair value of reporting units:
The following is a discussion regarding the Company’s methodology for determining the fair value of its reporting units as of the date of each reporting unit’s last quantitative assessment (June 30, 2020 for Reis and ICRA; and July 31, 2019 for the remaining reporting units). As ICRA is a publicly traded company in India, the Company estimates its fair value using its observable market capitalization.
The fair value of each reporting unit, excluding ICRA, was estimated using a discounted cash flow methodology and comparable public company and precedent transaction multiples. The discounted cash flow analysis requires significant estimates, including projections of future operating results and cash flows of each reporting unit that are based on internal budgets and strategic plans, expected long-term growth rates, terminal values, weighted average cost of capital and the effects of external factors and market conditions. Changes in these estimates and assumptions could materially affect the estimated fair value of each reporting unit that could result in an impairment charge to reduce the carrying value of goodwill, which could be material to the Company’s financial position and results of operations. Moody’s allocates newly acquired goodwill to reporting units based on the reporting unit expected to benefit from the acquisition.
The sensitivity analysis on the future cash flows and WACC assumptions described below are as of each reporting unit’s last quantitative goodwill impairment assessment. The following discusses the key assumptions utilized in the discounted cash flow valuation methodology that require significant management judgment:
–Future cash flow assumptions - The projections for future cash flows utilized in the models are derived from historical experience and assumptions regarding future growth and profitability of each reporting unit. These projections are consistent with the Company’s operating budget and strategic plan. Beyond the forecasted period, a terminal value was determined using a perpetuity growth rate based on inflation and real GDP growth rates. A sensitivity analysis of the revenue growth rates was performed on all reporting units. For each reporting unit analyzed, a 10% reduction in the revenue growth rates used would not have resulted in its carrying value exceeding its estimated fair value.
–WACC - The WACC is the rate used to discount each reporting unit’s estimated future cash flows. The WACC is calculated based on the proportionate weighting of the cost of debt and equity. The cost of equity is based on a risk-free interest rate and an equity risk factor, which is derived from public companies similar to the reporting unit and which captures the perceived risks and uncertainties associated with the reporting unit’s cash flows. The cost of debt component is calculated as the weighted average cost associated with all of the Company’s outstanding borrowings as of the date of the impairment test and was immaterial to the computation of the WACC. The cost of debt and equity is weighted based on the debt to market capitalization ratio of publicly traded companies with similarities to the reporting unit being tested. The WACC applied in each reporting unit's last quantitative test ranged from 8.5% to 9.0%. Differences in the WACC used between reporting units is primarily due to distinct risks and uncertainties regarding the cash flows of the different reporting units. A sensitivity analysis of the WACC was performed on all reporting units. For each reporting unit
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analyzed, an increase in the WACC of one percentage point would not result in the carrying value of the reporting unit exceeding its fair value.
Accounts Receivable Allowances
On January 1, 2020, the Company adopted ASU No. 2016-13, “Financial Instruments—Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments” as more fully described in Note 1 to the condensed consolidated financial statements. As the Company's accounts receivable are short-term in nature, the adoption of this ASU did not have a material impact to the Company's allowance for bad debts or its policies and procedures for determining the allowance.
In order to determine an estimate of expected credit losses, receivables are segmented based on similar risk characteristics including historical credit loss patterns and industry or class of customers to calculate reserve rates. The Company uses an aging method for developing its allowance for credit losses by which receivable balances are grouped based on aging category. A reserve rate is calculated for each aging category which is generally based on historical information. The reserve rate is adjusted, when necessary, for current conditions (e.g., macroeconomic or industry related) and reasonable and supportable forecasts about the future. The Company also considers customer specific information (e.g., bankruptcy or financial difficulty) when estimating its expected credit losses, as well as the economic environment of the customers, both from an industry and geographic perspective, in evaluating the need for allowances. Expected credit losses are reflected as additions to the accounts receivable allowance. Actual uncollectible account write-offs are recorded against the allowance.
In 2020, Moody's assessment included consideration of the current COVID-19 pandemic and its estimated impact on the Company's accounts receivable allowances. This assessment involved the utilization of significant judgment regarding the severity and duration of the market disruption caused by the pandemic, as well as judgment regarding which industries, classes of customers and geographies would be most significantly impacted.

Reportable Segments
The Company is organized into two reportable segments at September 30, 2020: MIS and MA, which are more fully described in the section entitled “The Company” above and in Note 20 to the condensed consolidated financial statements.
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RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
Potential Impact of COVID-19 on the Company's future operating results
–The Company is closely monitoring the impact of COVID-19 on all aspects of its business (refer to the section above entitled "COVID-19" for further detail). The operating results discussed below may not be indicative of future quarterly results of the Company due to uncertainties relating to the duration and severity of the pandemic and its potential impact on Moody's. The Company remains committed to disciplined cost management through this period of uncertainty.
–As of the date of the filing of this quarterly report on Form 10-Q, the Company believes the most significant near-term impacts to Moody's business may be:
–MIS: within the MIS segment, the most notable near-term impacts are likely to be:
–the potential for continued volatility in issuance. The Company observed significant market disruption and a widening of credit spreads late in the first quarter of 2020, followed by strong corporate bond issuance activity in the second and third quarters of 2020. Future market volatility and widening of credit spreads could have a material impact on MIS's near-term operating results;
–corporate debt issuance (both investment-grade and speculative-grade) may moderate compared to issuance levels observed in the first nine months of 2020. While issuance has been strong in the first nine months of 2020, a portion of this activity has resulted from corporate issuers bolstering their balance sheets in light of uncertainties regarding the COVID-19 pandemic;
–potential full-year 2020 declines in leveraged loan issuance could result in a decrease in availability of collateral for securitization activity, which could then result in further declines in CLO activity.
–MA: within the MA segment, the most notable near-term impacts are likely to be:
–reductions in discretionary spending by MA’s customer base and social distancing measures could result in fewer new sales opportunities being identified and an extension of sales cycles on existing opportunities, particularly related to software sales;
–postponement of certain compliance deadlines (e.g., CECL for financial institutions and IFRS 17 for insurers) may delay sales for MA solutions that address these requirements;
–higher attrition rates and/or lower yields on renewable contracts.
Impact of acquisitions/divestitures on comparative results
–Moody’s completed the following acquisitions, which impact the Company's year-over-year comparative results:
–Vigeo Eiris on April 12, 2019;
–Four Twenty Seven on July 22, 2019;
–RiskFirst on July 25, 2019;
–ABS Suite on October 1, 2019;
–Regulatory DataCorp on February 13, 2020.
–On November 8, 2019, the Company sold its MAKS business to Equistone Partners Europe Limited, a European private equity firm. The operating results of MAKS are reported within the MA segment (and PS LOB) through the November 8, 2019 closing of the transaction. Beginning in 2020, revenue from the Moody's Analytics Learning Solutions ("MALS") unit, which previous to 2020 was reported in the PS LOB, is now reported as part of the RD&A LOB. Prior periods have not been reclassified as the amounts were not material.
–Refer to the section entitled "Non-GAAP Financial Measures" of this MD&A for the definitions of how the Company determines certain organic growth measures used in this MD&A that exclude the impact of acquisition/divestiture activity.
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Three months ended September 30, 2020 compared with three months ended September 30, 2019
Executive Summary
–The following table provides an executive summary of key operating results for the quarter ended September 30, 2020. Following this executive summary is a more detailed discussion of the Company’s operating results as well as a discussion of the operating results of the Company’s reportable segments.

	Three Months Ended September 30,		
Financial measure:	2020	2019	% Change	Insight and Key Drivers of Change Compared to Prior Year	
Moody's total revenue	$	1,356 		$	1,240 		9 	%	— reflects strong growth in both segments	
MIS External Revenue	$	825 		$	746 		11 	%	— growth driven by higher corporate debt issuance (both investment-grade and speculative-grade) as issuers took advantage of low borrowing costs for refinancing purposes and M&A activity	
MA External Revenue	$	531 		$	494 		7 	%	— growth in know-your-customer (KYC) and compliance solutions, as well as research and data feeds;
— demand for insurance compliance products along with credit assessment and loan origination solutions in ERS; and
— inorganic growth from acquisitions.	
Total operating and SG&A
expenses	$	635 		$	642 		(1)	%	In line with prior year with key offsetting drivers being:
— additional compensation expense resulting from hiring activity and merit increases coupled with higher incentive compensation aligned with financial and operating performance;
— higher costs to support the Company’s initiative to enhance technology infrastructure to enable automation, innovation and efficiency as well as to support business growth; offset by
— lower travel costs and disciplined cost management in light of the COVID-19 crisis;
— lower legal accruals	
Restructuring	$	23 		$	(1)		NM	— charge in 2020 is pursuant to the Company's restructuring program revolving around the rationalization and exit of certain real estate leases in response to the COVID-19 pandemic	
Operating Margin	47.3 	%	44.3 	%	300BPS	— margin expansion reflects strong revenue growth coupled with operating expenses in line with prior year	
Adjusted Operating Margin	53.2 	%	49.5 	%	370BPS		
ETR	22.0 	%	25.3 	%	(330BPS)	— decrease primarily due to a deferred tax benefit in 2020 resulting from a non-U.S. corporate reorganization	
Diluted EPS	$	2.47 		$	1.99 		24 	%	— increase reflects strong operating income/Adjusted Operating Income growth as described above	
Adjusted Diluted EPS	$	2.69 		$	2.15 		25 	%		
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Moody's Corporation
																		
	Three Months Ended September 30,		% Change Favorable
(Unfavorable)	
	2020		2019			
Revenue:						
United States	$	729 			$	660 			10 	%	
Non-U.S.:						
EMEA	401 			362 			11 	%	
Asia-Pacific	156 			142 			10 	%	
Americas	70 			76 			(8 	%)	
Total Non-U.S.	627 			580 			8 	%	
Total	1,356 			1,240 			9 	%	
Expenses:						
Operating	364 			350 			(4 	%)	
SG&A	271 			292 			7 	%	
Restructuring	23 			(1)			NM	
Depreciation and amortization	56 			48 			(17 	%)	
	
Loss pursuant to the divestiture of MAKS	— 			2 			100 	%	
	
Total	714 			691 			(3 	%)	
Operating income	$	642 			$	549 			17 	%	
Adjusted Operating Income (1)	$	721 			$	614 			17 	%	
Interest expense, net	$	(53)			$	(46)			(15 	%)	
Other non-operating income, net	10 			10 			— 	%	
Non-operating (expense) income, net	$	(43)			$	(36)			(19 	%)	
						
Net income attributable to Moody's	$	467 			$	380 			23 	%	
Diluted weighted average shares outstanding	189.3 			191.1 			1 	%	
Diluted EPS attributable to Moody's common shareholders	$	2.47 			$	1.99 			24 	%	
Adjusted Diluted EPS (1)	$	2.69 			$	2.15 			25 	%	
Operating margin	47.3 	%		44.3 	%			
Adjusted Operating Margin(1)	53.2 	%		49.5 	%			
Effective tax rate	22.0 	%		25.3 	%			
(1) Adjusted Operating Income, Adjusted Operating Margin and Adjusted Diluted EPS are non-GAAP financial measures. Refer to the section entitled "Non-GAAP Financial Measures" of this Management Discussion and Analysis for further information regarding these measures.
The table below shows Moody’s global staffing by geographic area:
																		
	September 30,		% Change	
	2020		2019			
United States	4,087 			3,875 			5 	%	
Non-U.S.	7,310 			9,850 			(26 	%)	
Total	11,397 		(1)	13,725 			(17 	%)	
(1)The divestiture of the MAKS business resulted in a reduction of approximately 2,700 employees, most of which were in low-cost jurisdictions. Additionally, Moody’s global staffing increased by approximately 150 employees relating to acquisitions completed subsequent to September 30, 2019.

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GLOBAL REVENUE
2020----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------2019
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

																		
Global revenue ⇑ $116 million	U.S. Revenue ⇑ $69 million	Non-U.S. Revenue ⇑ $47 million	
The increase in global revenue reflected growth in both reportable segments. Refer to the section entitled “Segment Results” of this MD&A for a more fulsome discussion of the Company’s segment revenue.
–The increase in both U.S. and non-U.S. revenue reflects strong growth in both reportable segments
–Foreign currency translation favorably impacted non-U.S. revenue by two percent.

Operating Expense ⇑ $14 million	SG&A Expense ⇓ $21 million	
 -------------------------------------      

Compensation expenses increased $29 million reflecting:		Compensation expenses increased $10 million reflecting:		
— hiring activity and salary increases coupled with net inorganic growth from acquisitions/divestiture activity; and		— hiring activity and salary increases coupled with net inorganic growth from acquisitions/divestiture activity; and		
— higher incentive compensation accruals		— higher incentive compensation accruals.		
						
Non-compensation expenses decreased $15 million reflecting:		Non-compensation expenses decreased $31 million reflecting:		
— lower travel costs and disciplined cost management in light of the COVID-19 crisis.		— lower legal accruals, which includes a $16 million captive insurance company settlement in 2019; and		
			— lower travel costs and disciplined cost management in light of the COVID-19 crisis; partially offset by:		
		— higher costs to support the Company’s initiative to enhance technology infrastructure to enable automation, innovation and efficiency as well as to support business growth.		

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Other Expenses	
The restructuring charge of $23 million primarily relates to the non-cash impairment of certain leased real estate assets (ROU Assets and leasehold improvements) pursuant to the rationalization and exit of certain real estate leases in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. This restructuring program is more fully discussed in Note 12 to the condensed consolidated financial statements.

						
Operating margin 47.3%, up 300 BPS	Adjusted Operating Margin 53.2%, up 370 BPS	

— Operating margin and Adjusted Operating Margin expansion reflects strong revenue growth coupled with operating expenses generally in line with the prior year	

Interest Expense, net ⇑ $7 million	Other non-operating income was in line with prior year	

Increase is primarily due to:		Overall, in line with the prior year	
— a $16 million prepayment penalty on the early redemption of the 2017 Senior Notes due 2021			
— higher interest expense reflecting an additional $700 million of long-term borrowings in 2020 (further discussion in "Liquidity and Capital Resources" below); partially offset by:				
— a $17 million benefit from a fair value hedge settled in connection with the early redemption of the 2017 Senior Notes				

			
ETR ⇓ 330 BPS	
The decrease in the ETR is primarily due to a deferred tax benefit resulting from a non-U.S. corporate reorganization.

Diluted EPS ⇑ $0.48	Adjusted Diluted EPS ⇑ $0.54	

Diluted EPS in the third quarter of 2020 of $2.47 increased $0.48 compared to the same period in 2019 mainly due to higher operating income.		Adjusted Diluted EPS of $2.69 in the third quarter of 2020 increased $0.54 compared to the same period in 2019, mainly due to higher Adjusted Operating Income (refer to the section entitled “Non-GAAP Financial Measures” of this MD&A for items excluded in the derivation of Adjusted Diluted EPS).	

59

Segment Results
Moody’s Investors Service
The table below provides a summary of revenue and operating results, followed by further insight and commentary:
																		
	Three Months Ended September 30,		% Change Favorable
(Unfavorable)	
	2020		2019			
Revenue:						
Corporate finance (CFG)	$	461 			$	392 			18 	%	
Structured finance (SFG)	88 			105 			(16 	%)	
Financial institutions (FIG)	134 			120 			12 	%	
Public, project and infrastructure finance (PPIF)	133 			120 			11 	%	
Total ratings revenue	816 			737 			11 	%	
MIS Other	9 			9 			— 	%	
Total external revenue	825 			746 			11 	%	
Intersegment royalty	38 			35 			9 	%	
Total MIS revenue	863 			781 			10 	%	
Expenses:		
Operating and SG&A (external)	308 			320 			4 	%	
Operating and SG&A (intersegment)	1 			2 			50 	%	
Restructuring	13 			— 			NM	
Depreciation and amortization	17 			18 			6 	%	
Total expense	339 			340 			— 	%	
Operating Income	$	524 			$	441 			19 	%	
Restructuring	13 			— 			NM	
Depreciation and amortization	17 			18 			6 	%	
Captive insurance company settlement	— 			10 			100 	%	
Adjusted Operating Income	$	554 			$	469 			18 	%	
						
Operating margin	60.7 	%		56.5 	%			
Adjusted Operating Margin	64.2 	%		60.1 	%			

60

MOODY'S INVESTORS SERVICE REVENUE
2020----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------2019
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

									
MIS: Global revenue ⇑ $79 million	U.S. Revenue ⇑ $52 million	Non-U.S. Revenue ⇑ $27 million	

–The increase in global MIS revenue reflected growth across all ratings LOBs excluding SFG.
–The growth in U.S. revenue mainly reflected higher CFG revenue being partially offset by declines in SFG.
–The increase in non-U.S. revenue primarily reflected growth in CFG and FIG.
–Foreign currency translation favorably impacted non-U.S. MIS revenue by two percentage points.
–Transaction revenue grew $70 million compared to the same period in the prior year.

CFG REVENUE
2020----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------2019
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

									
CFG: Global revenue ⇑ $69 million	U.S. Revenue ⇑ $52 million	Non-U.S. Revenue ⇑ $17 million	
Global CFG revenue for the three months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019 was comprised as follows:
61

(1) Other includes: recurring monitoring fees of a rated debt obligation and/or entities that issue such obligations as well as fees from programs such as commercial paper, medium term notes, and ICRA corporate finance revenue.

The increase in CFG revenue of 18% reflected growth both in the U.S. (20%) and internationally (13%). Transaction revenue grew $65 million compared to the same period in the prior year. The most notable drivers of the CFG growth consisted of:
–growth in both high-yield and investment-grade bond issuance as credit spreads declined for much of the third quarter of 2020 which resulted in:
–opportunistic refinancing in advance of potential volatility in the fourth quarter surrounding the U.S. presidential election;
–issuance to support M&A activity.
–benefits from favorable changes in product mix and pricing increases;
partially offset by:
–a decline in rated issuance volumes in U.S. bank loans reflecting issuer and investor preference for corporate bonds, which provided more favorable borrowing rates.

SFG REVENUE
2020----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------2019
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

									
SFG: Global revenue ⇓ $17 million	U.S. Revenue ⇓ $14 million	Non-U.S. Revenue ⇓ $3 million	
Global SFG revenue for the three months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019 was comprised as follows:

62

The decrease in SFG revenue of 16% primarily reflected declines in the U.S. (21%). Transaction revenue declined $17 million compared to the third quarter of 2019. The most notable drivers of the decline in SFG revenue were:
–a reduction in CLO securitization activity (both new formation and refinancing activity) in the U.S. reflecting:
–elevated credit spreads and macroeconomic uncertainties relating to the COVID-19 pandemic;
–a decline in available collateral (see discussion on bank loan issuance in CFG section above);
–an increasingly competitive landscape in this asset class.

FIG REVENUE
2020----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------2019
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

									
FIG: Global revenue ⇑ $14 million	U.S. Revenue ⇑ $5 million	Non-U.S. Revenue ⇑ $9 million	
Global FIG revenue for the three months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019 was comprised as follows:

Transaction revenue increased $11 million compared to the third quarter of 2019.
The 12% increase in FIG revenue was mainly due to higher banking revenue both in the U.S. and internationally reflecting a favorable issuance mix.

63

PPIF REVENUE
2020----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------2019
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

									
PPIF: Global revenue ⇑ $13 million	U.S. Revenue ⇑ $9 million	Non-U.S. Revenue ⇑ $4 million	
Global PPIF revenue for the three months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019 was comprised as follows:

Transaction revenue increased $10 million compared to the third quarter of 2020.
The 11% increase in PPIF revenue primarily consisted of growth in U.S. public finance issuance volumes reflecting favorable market conditions, including refinancing by way of taxable transactions.

			
MIS: Operating and SG&A Expense ⇓ $12 million	

64

The decline is primarily due to lower non-compensation costs of $37 million partially offset by growth in compensation costs of $25 million, with the most notable drivers reflecting:

									
Non-compensation costs		Compensation costs	
— lower legal accruals in 2020, which includes a $10 million captive insurance company settlement in 2019		— higher costs reflecting hiring activity and salary increases coupled with higher incentive compensation accruals; partially offset by:	
— lower travel costs and disciplined expense management in light of the COVID-19 crisis; partially offset by		— benefits from the 2018 Restructuring Program.	
			
— higher costs to support the Company’s initiative to enhance technology infrastructure to enable automation, innovation and efficiency as well as to support business growth.			

			
Other Expenses	
The restructuring charge of $13 million in the third quarter of 2020 primarily relates to the non-cash impairment of certain leased real estate assets (ROU Assets and leasehold improvements) pursuant to the rationalization and exit of certain real estate leases in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. This restructuring program is more fully discussed in Note 12 to the condensed consolidated financial statements.

MIS: Operating Margin 60.7% ⇑ 420 BPS	Adjusted Operating Margin 64.2% ⇑ 410 BPS	
MIS operating margin and Adjusted Operating Margin both increased reflecting strong revenue coupled with declines in operating and SG&A expenses.

65

Moody’s Analytics
The table below provides a summary of revenue and operating results, followed by further insight and commentary:
																		
	Three Months Ended September 30,		% Change Favorable
(Unfavorable)	
	2020		2019			
Revenue:						
Research, data and analytics (RD&A)	$	386 			$	317 			22 	%	
Enterprise risk solutions (ERS)	145 			134 			8 	%	
Professional services (PS)	— 			43 			(100 	%)	
Total external revenue	531 			494 			7 	%	
Intersegment revenue	1 			2 			(50 	%)	
Total MA revenue	532 			496 			7 	%	
Expenses:						
Operating and SG&A (external)	327 			322 			(2 	%)	
Operating and SG&A (intersegment)	38 			35 			(9 	%)	
Restructuring	10 			(1)			NM	
Depreciation and amortization	39 			30 			(30 	%)	
	
Loss pursuant to the divestiture of MAKS	— 			2 			100 	%	
Total expense	414 			388 			(7 	%)	
Operating income	$	118 			$	108 			9 	%	
Restructuring	10 			(1)			NM	
Depreciation and amortization	39 			30 			(30 	%)	
	
Loss pursuant to the divestiture of MAKS	— 			2 			100 	%	
Captive insurance company settlement	— 			6 			100 	%	
Adjusted Operating Income	$	167 			$	145 			15 	%	
						
Operating margin	22.2 	%		21.8 	%			
Adjusted Operating Margin	31.4 	%		29.2 	%			

MOODY'S ANALYTICS REVENUE
2020----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------2019
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

66

									
MA: Global revenue ⇑ $37 million	U.S. Revenue ⇑ $17 million	Non-U.S. Revenue ⇑ $20 million	
The 7% increase in global MA revenue reflects strong growth in RD&A and ERS, which includes revenue from the acquisitions of RDC, RiskFirst and ABS Suite. These increases were partially offset by a decline in revenue resulting from the divestiture of the MAKS business in the fourth quarter of 2019.
–Organic revenue growth (1) was 9%.
–Foreign currency translation favorably impacted MA revenue by two percent.
–The increase in U.S. and non U.S. revenue reflected growth in both RD&A and ERS.
–The growth in non-U.S. revenue was partially offset by the negative impact of the divestiture of the MAKS business in the fourth quarter of 2019.
–Foreign currency translation favorably impacted non-U.S. MA revenue by three percent.
–The increase in relationship revenue as a percentage of total revenue from 84% in the third quarter of 2019 to 90% in the same period of 2020 reflects the divestiture of the transaction revenue-based MAKS business in 2019.
(1) Refer to the section entitled "Non-GAAP Financial Measures" of this MD&A for the definition and methodology that the Company utilizes to calculate this metric.
RD&A REVENUE
2020----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------2019
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

									
RD&A: Global revenue ⇑ $69 million	U.S. Revenue ⇑ $28 million	Non-U.S. Revenue ⇑ $41 million	
Global RD&A revenue grew 22% compared to the third quarter of 2019 with the most notable drivers of the change reflecting:
–inorganic revenue growth from the acquisitions of RDC and ABS Suite;
–strong renewals and new sales of credit research and data feeds in the trailing twelve month period; and
–strong demand for solutions that address customer identity requirements, such as know-your-customer, anti-money laundering, anti-bribery and sanctions compliance over the trailing twelve month period.
Foreign currency translation favorably impacted RD&A revenue by two percent.
Organic revenue growth for RD&A was 12%.

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ERS REVENUE
2020----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------2019
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

									
ERS: Global revenue ⇑ $11 million	U.S. Revenue ⇑ $7 million	Non-U.S. Revenue ⇑ $4 million	
Global ERS revenue increased 8% compared to the third quarter of 2019 with the most notable drivers of the growth reflecting:
–continued strong demand for credit assessment and loan origination solutions;
–increased demand for actuarial modeling tools in support of certain international accounting standards relating to insurance contracts; and
–inorganic revenue growth from the acquisition of RiskFirst.
Organic revenue growth for ERS was 7%.

MA: Operating and SG&A Expense ⇑ $5 million	

The increase in operating and SG&A expenses compared to the third quarter of 2019 reflected growth in compensation costs of $15 million partially offset by a decrease in non-compensation costs of $10 million. The most notable drivers of these changes were:

Compensation costs		Non-compensation costs	
— higher costs reflecting hiring activity, salary increases and inorganic expense growth from acquisitions;		— lower travel costs and disciplined expense management in light of the COVID-19 crisis;	
— higher incentive compensation accruals aligned with business performance; partially offset by,		— a $6 million captive insurance company settlement in the prior year; partially offset by,	
— lower expenses resulting from the divestiture of MAKS in the fourth quarter of 2019 and benefits from the 2018 Restructuring Program		— higher costs to support the Company’s initiative to enhance technology infrastructure to enable automation, innovation and efficiency as well as to support business growth	

68

			
Other Expenses	
The restructuring charge of $10 million in the third quarter of 2020 primarily relates to the non-cash impairment of certain leased real estate assets (ROU Assets and leasehold improvements) pursuant to the rationalization and exit of certain real estate leases in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. This restructuring program is more fully discussed in Note 12 to the condensed consolidated financial statements.

MA: Operating Margin 22.2% ⇑ 40 BPS	Adjusted Operating Margin 31.4% ⇑ 220 BPS	
MA operating margin expansion was suppressed by the aforementioned restructuring charge in the third quarter of 2020. The operating margin and Adjusted Operating Margin expansion for MA both reflect revenue growth outpacing expense growth.
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Nine months ended September 30, 2020 compared with nine months ended September 30, 2019
Executive Summary

–The following table provides an executive summary of key operating results for the nine months ended September 30, 2020. Following this executive summary is a more detailed discussion of the Company’s operating results as well as a discussion of the operating results of the Company’s reportable segments.

																		
	Nine Months Ended September 30,			
Financial measure:	2020	2019	% Change	Insight and Key Drivers of Change Compared to Prior Year	
Moody's total revenue	$	4,081 		$	3,596 		13 	%	— reflects strong growth in both segments	
MIS External Revenue	$	2,557 		$	2,155 		19 	%	— higher corporate debt rated issuance volumes (both investment-grade and speculative-grade) as corporate issuers bolstered liquidity positions in response to COVID-19 uncertainties and issued opportunistically for refinancing and M&A needs; partially offset by
— declines in U.S. bank loan revenue and declines across key asset classes in SFG	
MA External Revenue	$	1,524 		$	1,441 		6 	%	— strong renewals and new sales of credit research and data feeds, as well as demand for know-your-customer (KYC) and compliance solutions; and	
									— strong demand for credit assessment and loan origination solutions along with insurance compliance products in ERS;	
									— inorganic growth from acquisitions	
Total operating and SG&A expenses	$	1,945 		$	1,880 		(3 	%)	— higher costs to enhance technology infrastructure to enable automation, innovation and efficiency as well as to support business growth;	
									— additional compensation expense resulting from hiring activity and merit increases;	
									— higher estimates for bad debt reserves resulting from the COVID-19 crisis; partially offset by	
									— lower travel costs and disciplined expense management in light of the COVID-19 crisis coupled with benefits from the 2018 Restructuring Program	
Restructuring	$	20 		$	58 		66 	%	— charges pursuant to the Company's 2020 Restructuring Program and 2018 Restructuring Program, more fully discussed in Note 12 to the condensed consolidated financial statements	
Operating Margin	47.6 	%	41.5 	%	610 BPS	— margin expansion reflects strong revenue growth partially offset by modest increases in operating expenses	
Adjusted Operating Margin	52.3 	%	48.2 	%	410 BPS		
ETR	20.0 	%	21.4 	%	(140BPS)	— decrease primarily due to a deferred tax benefit in 2020 resulting from a non-U.S. corporate reorganization	
Diluted EPS	$	7.73 		$	5.54 		40 	%	— growth reflects higher operating income/Adjusted Operating Income	
Adjusted Diluted EPS	$	8.24 		$	6.29 		31 	%		
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Moody’s Corporation
																		
	Nine Months Ended September 30,		% Change Favorable
(Unfavorable)	
	2020		2019			
Revenue:						
United States	$	2,280 			$	1,910 			19 	%	
Non-U.S.:						
EMEA	1,137 			1,057 			8 	%	
Asia-Pacific	436 			415 			5 	%	
Americas	228 			214 			7 	%	
Total Non-U.S.	1,801 			1,686 			7 	%	
Total	4,081 			3,596 			13 	%	
Expenses:						
Operating	1,066 			1,032 			(3 	%)	
SG&A	879 			848 			(4 	%)	
Restructuring	20 			58 			66 	%	
Depreciation and amortization	163 			150 			(9 	%)	
Acquisition-Related Expenses	— 			3 			100 	%	
Loss pursuant to the divestiture of MAKS	9 			11 			18 	%	
Total	2,137 			2,102 			(2 	%)	
Operating income	1,944 			1,494 			30 	%	
Adjusted Operating Income (1)	2,136 			1,732 			23 	%	
Interest expense, net	(153)			(149)			(3 	%)	
Other non-operating income, net	38 			12 			217 	%	
Non-operating (expense) income, net	(115)			(137)			16 	%	
						
Net income attributable to Moody’s	$	1,464 			$	1,062 			38 	%	
Diluted weighted average shares outstanding	189.3 			191.8 			1 	%	
Diluted EPS attributable to Moody’s common shareholders	$	7.73 			$	5.54 			40 	%	
Adjusted Diluted EPS (1)	$	8.24 			$	6.29 			31 	%	
Operating margin	47.6 	%		41.5 	%			
Adjusted Operating Margin (1)	52.3 	%		48.2 	%			
Effective tax rate	20.0 	%		21.4 	%			
(1)Adjusted Operating Income, Adjusted Operating Margin and Adjusted Diluted EPS attributable to Moody’s common shareholders are non-GAAP financial measures. Refer to the section entitled “Non-GAAP Financial Measures” of this Management Discussion and Analysis for further information regarding these measures.

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GLOBAL REVENUE
2020----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------2019
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

																		
Global revenue ⇑ $485 million	U.S. Revenue ⇑ $370 million	Non-U.S. Revenue ⇑ $115 million	
The increase in global revenue reflected growth in both reportable segments in both the U.S. and internationally. Refer to the section entitled “Segment Results” of this MD&A for a more fulsome discussion of the Company’s segment revenue.

Operating Expense ⇑ $34 million	SG&A Expense ⇑ $31 million	
 -------------------------------------      

Compensation expenses increased $31 million and reflected:	Compensation expenses increased $17 million reflecting:	
— hiring activity and salary increases coupled with higher incentive compensation accruals, partially offset by benefits from the 2018 Restructuring Program.	— hiring activity and salary increases partially offset by benefits from the 2018 Restructuring Program.	
				
Non-compensation expenses increased $3 million reflecting:	Non-compensation expenses increased $14 million reflecting:	
— higher costs to support the Company’s initiative to enhance technology infrastructure to enable automation, innovation and efficiency as well as to support business growth; partially offset by:
— lower travel costs and disciplined expense management in light of the COVID-19 crisis.	— higher estimates for bad debt reserves of approximately $20 million primarily resulting from the anticipated impact of the COVID-19 crisis on the Company's customers; and	
	— higher costs to support the Company’s initiative to enhance technology infrastructure to enable automation, innovation and efficiency as well as to support business growth; partially offset by:	
	— lower travel costs and disciplined expense management in light of the COVID-19 crisis;	
	— a $16 million captive insurance company settlement in 2019.	

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Other Expenses	
The restructuring charge of $20 million in 2020 primarily relates to the non-cash impairment of certain leased real estate assets (ROU Assets and leasehold improvements) pursuant to the rationalization and exit of certain real estate leases in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. The $58 million restructuring charge in 2019 relates to actions pursuant to the Company’s 2018 Restructuring Program. Both of these programs are more fully discussed in Note 12 to the condensed consolidated financial statements.
The loss pursuant to the divestiture of MAKS in both years relates to the Company's strategic divestiture of this business.

	
Operating margin 47.6%, up 610 BPS	Adjusted Operating Margin 52.3%, up 410 BPS	
Operating margin and Adjusted Operating Margin expansion reflects strong revenue growth partially offset by modest growth in expenses.

Interest Expense, net ⇑ $4 million	Other non-operating income ⇑ $26 million	

Primarily reflects:		The increase is primarily due to:	
— a combined $24 million prepayment penalty in the first nine months of 2020 on the early redemption of the 2018 Senior Notes and 2017 Senior Notes; partially offset by		— FX gains of $7 million in the first nine months of 2020 compared to $15 million in FX losses in the same period of the prior year.	
 — a $17 million benefit from a fair value hedge settled in connection with the early redemption of the 2017 Senior Notes				

			
ETR ⇓ 140 BPS	
The decrease in the ETR is primarily due to a deferred tax benefit resulting from a non-U.S. corporate reorganization.

Diluted EPS ⇑ $2.19	Adjusted Diluted EPS ⇑ $1.95	

Diluted EPS in the first nine months of 2020 of $7.73 increased $2.19 compared to the same period in 2019, with both periods including the aforementioned restructuring charges. The growth in EPS is mainly due to the aforementioned growth in operating income.		Adjusted Diluted EPS of $8.24 in 2020 increased $1.95 compared to the first nine months of 2019 (refer to the section entitled “Non-GAAP Financial Measures” of this MD&A for items excluded in the derivation of Adjusted Diluted EPS). The growth in Adjusted Diluted EPS is primarily due to the aforementioned growth in Adjusted Operating Income.	

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Segment Results
Moody’s Investors Service
The table below provides a summary of revenue and operating results, followed by further insight and commentary:

	Nine Months Ended September 30,		% Change Favorable
(Unfavorable)	
	2020		2019			
Revenue:						
Corporate finance (CFG)	$	1,486 			$	1,135 			31 	%	
Structured finance (SFG)	265 			318 			(17 	%)	
Financial institutions (FIG)	401 			361 			11 	%	
Public, project and infrastructure finance (PPIF)	375 			321 			17 	%	
Total ratings revenue	2,527 			2,135 			18 	%	
MIS Other	30 			20 			50 	%	
Total external revenue	2,557 			2,155 			19 	%	
Intersegment royalty	110 			100 			10 	%	
Total	2,667 			2,255 			18 	%	
Expenses:						
Operating and SG&A (external)	982 			939 			(5 	%)	
Operating and SG&A (intersegment)	5 			7 			29 	%	
Restructuring	12 			29 			59 	%	
Depreciation and amortization	52 			53 			2 	%	
Total expense	1,051 			1,028 			(2 	%)	
Operating income	$	1,616 			$	1,227 			32 	%	
Restructuring	12 			29 			59 	%	
Depreciation and amortization	52 			53 			2 	%	
Captive insurance company settlement	— 			10 			100 	%	
Adjusted Operating Income	$	1,680 			$	1,319 			27 	%	
Operating margin	60.6 	%		54.4 	%			
Adjusted Operating Margin	63.0 	%		58.5 	%			

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MOODY'S INVESTORS SERVICE REVENUE
2020----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------2019
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

									
MIS: Global revenue ⇑ $402 million	U.S. Revenue ⇑ $324 million	Non-U.S. Revenue ⇑ $78 million	
–The increase in global MIS revenue (and in both U.S. and non-U.S. revenue) reflected growth across all LOBs excluding SFG.

CFG REVENUE
2020----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------2019
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

									
CFG: Global revenue ⇑ $351 million	U.S. Revenue ⇑ $294 million	Non-U.S. Revenue ⇑ $57 million	
Global CFG revenue for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019 was comprised as follows:

(1) Other includes: recurring monitoring fees of a rated debt obligation and/or entities that issue such obligations as well as fees from programs such as commercial paper, medium term notes, and ICRA corporate finance revenue.

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The increase in CFG revenue of 31% reflected growth both in the U.S. (40%) and internationally (15%) which resulted in a $334 million increase in transaction revenue. The most notable drivers of the CFG revenue growth were:
–strong growth in investment-grade rated issuance volumes reflecting:
–corporate issuers bolstering their liquidity positions in light of uncertainties regarding the duration and severity of the COVID-19 crisis;
–opportunistic issuance for both refinancing and M&A activity in light of current favorable market conditions.
–strong growth in speculative-grade rated issuance volumes despite severe market disruption in this sector in March relating to the COVID-19 crisis. In the second and third quarters of 2020, high-yield market sentiment improved and credit spreads tightened resulting in strong growth in rated issuance volumes; and
–benefits from favorable changes in product mix and pricing increases;
partially offset by:
–a decline in U.S. bank loan revenue primarily reflecting rising defaults on leveraged loans and issuer/investor preference for fixed-rate bonds.

SFG REVENUE
2020----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------2019
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

									
SFG: Global revenue ⇓ $53 million	U.S. Revenue ⇓ $42 million	Non-U.S. Revenue ⇓ $11 million	
Global SFG revenue for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019 was comprised as follows:

The decrease in SFG revenue of 17% reflected declines both in the U.S. (21%) and internationally (10%). Transaction revenue declined $58 million. The most notable factors contributing to the decline in SFG revenue were:
–reduced activity in the CLO asset class resulting from:
–challenges in the leveraged loan market (refer to CFG discussion above);
–widening credit spreads in response to uncertainties relating to the COVID-19 crisis; and
–an increasingly competitive landscape.
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–declines in U.S. CMBS securitization activity as retail and hotel properties have been significantly impacted by the COVID-19 crisis.
FIG REVENUE
2020----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------2019
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

									
FIG: Global revenue ⇑ $40 million	U.S. Revenue ⇑ $37 million	Non-U.S. Revenue ⇑ $3 million	
Global FIG revenue for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019 was comprised as follows:

Transaction revenue grew by $38 million compared to the same period in the prior year.

The 11% increase in FIG revenue was mainly due to:
–growth in U.S. banking and insurance rated issuance volumes as large financial institutions and insurers fortified their balance sheets in light of uncertainties relating to the COVID-19 crisis and favorable market conditions;
–issuance in advance of anticipated volatility around the U.S. presidential election in the fourth quarter of 2020; and
–benefits from favorable changes in product mix and pricing increases.

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PPIF REVENUE
2020----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------2019
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

									
PPIF: Global revenue ⇑ $54 million	U.S. Revenue ⇑ $35 million	Non-U.S. Revenue ⇑ $19 million	
Global PPIF revenue for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019 was comprised as follows:

Transaction revenue increased $49 million compared to the same period in the prior year.
The 17% increase in PPIF revenue resulted primarily from:
–higher U.S. public finance refunding volumes resulting from continued low benchmark interest rates, including refinancing by way of taxable transactions;
–higher infrastructure finance revenue resulting from investment-grade issuers bolstering their balance sheets in light of uncertainties regarding the duration and severity of the COVID-19 crisis; and
–benefits from favorable changes in product mix and pricing increases.

MIS: Operating and SG&A Expense ⇑ $43 million	

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The growth reflects a $36 million and $7 million increase in compensation and non-compensation expenses, respectively. The most notable drivers of these increases are as follows:

Compensation costs		Non-compensation costs	
The increase is primarily due to:		The increase is primarily due to:	
— annual salary increases and hiring; partially offset by:		— approximately $15 million in higher costs to support the Company’s initiative to enhance technology infrastructure to enable automation, innovation and efficiency as well as to support business growth;	
— benefits from the 2018 Restructuring Program		— higher estimates for bad debt reserves of $12 million primarily resulting from the anticipated impact of the COVID-19 crisis on the Company's customers; partially offset by:	
		— lower travel costs of $11 million and disciplined expense management in light of the COVID-19 crisis; and	
		— a $10 million charge in the prior year for a captive insurance company settlement	

			
Other Expenses	
The restructuring charges in both years relate to the Company's 2020 Restructuring Program and 2018 Restructuring Program as more fully discussed in Note 12 to the condensed consolidated financial statements.	

MIS: Operating Margin of 60.6% ⇑ 620 BPS	Adjusted Operating Margin of 63.0% ⇑ 450 BPS	

MIS operating margin and Adjusted Operating Margin both increased reflecting strong revenue growth outpacing expense growth.

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Moody’s Analytics
The table below provides a summary of revenue and operating results, followed by further insight and commentary:
																		
	Nine Months Ended September 30,		% Change Favorable
(Unfavorable)	
	2020		2019			
Revenue:						
Research, data and analytics (RD&A) (1)	$	1,110 			$	940 			18 	%	
Enterprise risk solutions (ERS)	414 			373 			11 	%	
Professional services (PS) (1)	— 			128 			(100 	%)	
Total external revenue	1,524 			1,441 			6 	%	
Intersegment revenue	5 			7 			(29 	%)	
Total MA Revenue	1,529 			1,448 			6 	%	
Expenses:						
Operating and SG&A (external)	963 			941 			(2 	%)	
Operating and SG&A (intersegment)	110 			100 			(10 	%)	
Restructuring	8 			29 			72 	%	
Depreciation and amortization	111 			97 			(14 	%)	
Acquisition-Related Expenses	— 			3 			100 	%	
Loss pursuant to the divestiture of MAKS	9 			11 			18 	%	
Total expense	1,201 			1,181 			(2 	%)	
Operating income	$	328 			$	267 			23 	%	
Restructuring	8 			29 			72 	%	
Depreciation and amortization	111 			97 			(14 	%)	
Acquisition-Related Expenses	— 			3 			100 	%	
Loss pursuant to the divestiture of MAKS	9 			11 			18 		
Captive insurance company settlement	— 			6 			100 		
Adjusted Operating Income	$	456 			$	413 			10 	%	
Operating margin	21.5 	%		18.4 	%			
Adjusted Operating Margin	29.8 	%		28.5 	%			

(1) Subsequent to the divestiture of MAKS in 2019, revenue from the Moody's Analytics Learning Solutions ("MALS") unit, which previous to 2020 was reported in the Professional Services line of business ("LOB"), is now reported as part of the RD&A LOB. Prior periods have not been reclassified as the amounts were not material.

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MOODY'S ANALYTICS REVENUE
2020----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------2019
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

									
MA: Global revenue ⇑ $83 million	U.S. Revenue ⇑ $46 million	Non-U.S. Revenue ⇑ $37 million	
The 6% increase in global MA revenue reflects strong growth in RD&A and ERS partially offset by a decline in revenue resulting from the divestiture of the MAKS business in the fourth quarter of 2019.
–Organic revenue growth was 8%.
–The increase in U.S. revenue reflected growth in both RD&A and ERS.
–The increase in non-U.S. revenue reflected growth in RD&A and ERS, partially offset by a decline in revenue resulting from the divestiture of MAKS in the fourth quarter of 2019.
–The increase in relationship revenue as a percentage of total revenue from 85% in the first nine months of 2019 to 91% in the same period of 2020 reflects the divestiture of the transaction revenue-based MAKS business in 2019.
RD&A REVENUE
2020----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------2019
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

									
RD&A: Global revenue ⇑ $170 million	U.S. Revenue ⇑ $80 million	Non-U.S. Revenue ⇑ $90 million	
Global RD&A revenue grew 18% compared to the first nine months of 2019 with the most notable drivers of the increase reflecting:
–strong renewals and new sales of credit research and data feeds;
–inorganic revenue growth from the acquisitions of RDC and ABS Suite; and
–strong demand for solutions that address customer identity requirements, such as know-your-customer, anti-money laundering, anti-bribery and sanctions compliance.
Organic revenue growth for RD&A was 9%.

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ERS REVENUE
2020----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------2019
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

									
ERS: Global revenue ⇑ $41 million	U.S. Revenue ⇑ $20 million	Non-U.S. Revenue ⇑ $21 million	
Global ERS revenue increased 11% compared to the first nine months of 2019 with the most notable drivers of the growth reflecting:
–continued strong demand for credit assessment and loan origination solutions;
–increased demand for actuarial modeling tools in support of certain international accounting standards relating to insurance contracts; and
–inorganic revenue growth from the acquisition of RiskFirst.
Organic revenue growth for ERS was 8%.

MA: Operating and SG&A Expense ⇑ $22 million	

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The increase in operating and SG&A expenses compared to the first nine months of 2019 is primarily due to growth in both compensation non-compensation costs of $13 million and $9 million, respectively, reflecting:

Compensation costs		Non-compensation costs	
The increase is primarily due to:		The increase is primarily due to:	
— annual salary increases and hiring;		— approximately $44 million in higher costs to support the Company’s initiative to enhance technology infrastructure to enable automation, innovation and efficiency as well as to support business growth;	
— higher incentive compensation accruals aligned with performance; partially offset by:		— higher estimates for bad debt reserves of $8 million primarily resulting from the anticipated impact of the COVID-19 crisis on the Company's customers; partially offset by:	
— benefits from the 2018 Restructuring Program		— lower travel costs of $26 million coupled with disciplined expense management across other expense categories in light of the COVID-19 crisis; and	
		— a $6 million charge in the prior year for a captive insurance company settlement	

Other Expenses	
The restructuring charges in both years relate to the Company's 2020 Restructuring Program and 2018 Restructuring Program as more fully discussed in Note 12 to the condensed consolidated financial statements.
The $9 million and $11 million losses pursuant to the divestiture of MAKS in both 2020 and 2019 relate to the Company's strategic divestiture of this business.

MA: Operating Margin 21.5% ⇑ 310BPS	Adjusted Operating Margin 29.8% ⇑ 130BPS	
The operating margin and Adjusted Operating Margin expansion for MA both reflect RD&A and ERS revenue growth partially offset by modest expense growth. Operating margin expansion also benefitted from a lower restructuring charge in the first nine months of 2020 compared to the same period in the prior year. Both the operating margin and Adjusted Operating Margin were suppressed by higher bad debt reserves in the first nine months of 2020.

Liquidity and Capital Resources
Cash Flow
The Company is currently financing its operations, capital expenditures, acquisitions and share repurchases from operating and financing cash flows.
The following is a summary of the changes in the Company’s cash flows followed by a brief discussion of these changes:

	Nine Months Ended September 30,		$ Change
Favorable (Unfavorable)	
	2020		2019			
Net cash provided by operating activities	$	1,488 			$	1,196 			$	292 		
Net cash used in investing activities	$	(853)			$	(150)			$	(703)		
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities	$	3 			$	(1,517)			$	1,520 		
Free Cash Flow (1)	$	1,405 			$	1,135 			$	270 		
(1) Free Cash Flow is a non-GAAP measure and is defined by the Company as net cash provided by operating activities minus cash paid for capital expenditures. Refer to “Non-GAAP Financial Measures” of this MD&A for further information on this financial measure.

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Net cash provided by operating activities
Net cash flows from operating activities in the nine months ended September 30, 2020 increased $292 million compared to same period in 2019 with the most significant drivers reflecting:
–an increase in net income compared to the same period in the prior year (see section entitled “Results of Operations” for further discussion);
partially offset by:
–a $99 million contribution to the Company's funded pension plan in the first quarter of 2020; and
–a $68 million payment made in conjunction with the settlement of treasury lock interest rate forward contracts as more fully described in Note 10 to the condensed consolidated financial statements.
Net cash used in investing activities
The $703 million increase in cash used in investing activities in the nine months ended September 30, 2020 compared to the same period in 2019 primarily reflects:
–an increase in cash paid for acquisitions of $578 million (refer to Note 9 to the condensed consolidated financial statements for further discussion on the Company's M&A activity);
– $101 million in higher net purchases of investments in the first nine months of 2020 compared to the same period in the prior year.
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities
The $1,520 million increase in cash flows provided by financing activities in the nine months ended September 30, 2020 compared to the same period in the prior year was primarily attributed to:
–the net issuance of $691 million in long-term debt during the first nine months of 2020 compared to repayment of long-term debt of $450 million in the same period of the prior year; and
–lower cash paid for treasury share repurchases of $475 million compared to the first nine months of 2019.
Cash and short-term investments held in non-U.S. jurisdictions
The Company’s aggregate cash and cash equivalents and short-term investments of $2.6 billion at September 30, 2020 consisted of approximately $1.5 billion located outside of the U.S. Approximately 10% of the Company’s aggregate cash and cash equivalents and short-term investments is denominated in euros and British pounds. The Company manages both its U.S. and non-U.S cash flow to maintain sufficient liquidity in all regions to effectively meet its operating needs.
As a result of the Tax Act, all previously net undistributed foreign earnings have now been subject to U.S. tax. The Company continues to evaluate which entities it will indefinitely reinvest earnings outside the U.S. The Company has provided deferred taxes for those entities whose earnings are not considered indefinitely reinvested. Accordingly, the Company has commenced repatriating a portion of its non-U.S. cash in these subsidiaries and will continue to repatriate certain of its offshore cash in a manner that addresses compliance with local statutory requirements, sufficient offshore working capital and any other factors that may be relevant in certain jurisdictions. Notwithstanding the Tax Act, which generally eliminated federal income tax on future cash repatriation to the U.S., cash repatriation may be subject to state and local taxes or withholding or similar taxes.
Other Material Future Cash Requirements
The Company believes that it has the financial resources needed to meet its cash requirements and expects to have positive operating cash flow for the next twelve months. Cash requirements for periods beyond the next twelve months will depend, among other things, on the Company’s profitability and its ability to manage working capital requirements. The Company may also borrow from various sources.
The Company remains committed to using its strong cash flow to create value for shareholders by investing in growing areas of the business, reinvesting in ratings quality initiatives, making selective acquisitions, repurchasing stock and paying
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dividends, all in a manner consistent with maintaining sufficient liquidity after giving effect to any additional indebtedness that may be incurred.
Dividends and share repurchases
On October 27, 2020, the Board of Directors of the Company declared a quarterly dividend of $0.56 per share of Moody’s common stock, payable December 14, 2020 to shareholders of record at the close of business on November 23, 2020. The continued payment of dividends at this rate, or at all, is subject to the discretion of the Board.
In October 2018, the Board authorized a $1.0 billion share repurchase program, which at September 30, 2020 had a remaining authority of approximately $81 million. Additionally, in December 2019, the Board authorized an additional $1.0 billion share repurchase program, which may commence following the completion of the existing program.
Beginning late in the first quarter of 2020 and through the third quarter of 2020, the Company suspended its share repurchase activity to preserve liquidity in light of uncertainties regarding the severity and duration of the COVID-19 crisis. The Company anticipates resuming its share repurchase program in the fourth quarter of 2020.
The Company has future cash requirements, including operating leases and debt service and payments as noted in the tables that follow as well as future payments related to the transition tax under the Tax Act.
Indebtedness
During the first nine months of 2020, in response to uncertainties relating to the severity and duration of the COVID-19 crisis, the Company increased its long-term debt position by $700 million via public offerings to bolster liquidity. The key terms of these transactions are presented in Note 17 to the condensed consolidated financial statements.
At September 30, 2020, Moody’s had $6.4 billion of outstanding debt and approximately $1 billion of additional capacity available under the Company’s CP program, which is backstopped by the 2018 Facility. At September 30, 2020, the Company was in compliance with all covenants contained within all of the debt agreements. All of the Company’s long-term debt agreements contain cross default provisions which state that default under one of the aforementioned debt instruments could in turn permit lenders under other debt instruments to declare borrowings outstanding under those instruments to be immediately due and payable. At September 30, 2020, there were no such cross defaults.
The repayment schedule for the Company’s borrowings outstanding at September 30, 2020 is as follows:

For additional information on the Company's outstanding debt, refer to Note 17 to the condensed consolidated financial statements.
Management may consider pursuing additional long-term financing when it is appropriate in light of cash requirements for operations, share repurchases and other strategic opportunities, which would result in higher financing costs.
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Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements
At September 30, 2020, Moody’s did not have any relationships with unconsolidated entities or financial partnerships, such as entities often referred to as special purpose or variable interest entities where Moody’s is the primary beneficiary, which would have been established for the purpose of facilitating off-balance sheet arrangements or other contractually narrow or limited purposes. As such, Moody’s is not exposed to any financing, liquidity market or credit risk that could arise if it had engaged in such relationships.

Contractual Obligations
The following table presents payments due under the Company’s contractual obligations as of September 30, 2020:
Payments Due by Period

	Payments Due by Period	
(in millions)	Total		Less Than 1 Year		1 - 3 Years		3 - 5 Years		Over 5 Years	
Indebtedness (1)	$	9,127 			$	197 			$	1,382 			$	1,497 			$	6,051 		
Operating lease obligations	592 			27 			203 			171 			191 		
Purchase obligations	208 			91 			106 			11 			— 		
Pension obligations (2)	151 			2 			45 			28 			76 		
Total (3)	$	10,078 			$	317 			$	1,736 			$	1,707 			$	6,318 		
(1)Reflects principal payments, related interest and applicable fees due on all indebtedness outstanding as described in Note 17 to the condensed consolidated financial statements.
(2)Reflects projected benefit payments relating to the Company’s U.S. unfunded DBPPs and Retirement and Other Plans described in Note 16 to the condensed consolidated financial statements.
(3)The table above does not include the Company's long-term tax liabilities of $471 million relating to UTPs, since the expected cash outflow of such amounts by period cannot be reasonably estimated. Additionally, the table above does not include approximately $33 million relating to indemnification liability resulting from the divestiture of MAKS and approximately $51 million relating to the remaining unpaid deemed repatriation liability resulting from the Tax Act enacted into law in the U.S. in December 2017.

Non-GAAP Financial Measures:
In addition to its reported results, Moody’s has included in this MD&A certain adjusted results that the SEC defines as “non-GAAP financial measures.” Management believes that such adjusted financial measures, when read in conjunction with the Company’s reported results, can provide useful supplemental information for investors analyzing period-to-period comparisons of the Company’s performance, facilitate comparisons to competitors’ operating results and can provide greater transparency to investors of supplemental information used by management in its financial and operational decision-making. These adjusted measures, as defined by the Company, are not necessarily comparable to similarly defined measures of other companies. Furthermore, these adjusted measures should not be viewed in isolation or used as a substitute for other GAAP measures in assessing the operating performance or cash flows of the Company. Below are brief descriptions of the Company’s adjusted financial measures accompanied by a reconciliation of the adjusted measure to its most directly comparable GAAP measure:
Adjusted Operating Income and Adjusted Operating Margin:
The Company presents Adjusted Operating Income and Adjusted Operating Margin because management deems these metrics to be useful measures to provide additional perspective on the operating performance of Moody’s. Adjusted Operating Income excludes the impact of: i) restructuring; ii) depreciation and amortization; iii) Acquisition-Related Expenses; iv) loss pursuant to the divestiture of MAKS; and v) a captive insurance company settlement. Restructuring charges are excluded as the frequency and magnitude of these charges may vary widely across periods and companies. Depreciation and amortization are excluded because companies utilize productive assets of different ages and use different methods of acquiring and depreciating productive assets. Acquisition-Related Expenses consist of expenses incurred to complete and integrate the acquisition of Bureau van Dijk. These expenses were excluded in the prior years due to the material nature of the cumulative costs incurred over the multi-year integration effort. Acquisition-related expenses from other acquisitions were not material. The loss pursuant to the divestiture of MAKS is excluded as the frequency and magnitude of divestiture activity may vary widely from period to period and across companies. The captive insurance company settlement relates to the resolution of a matter that is not expected to recur in the future at this magnitude.
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Management believes that the exclusion of the aforementioned items, as detailed in the reconciliation below, allows for an additional perspective on the Company’s operating results from period to period and across companies. The Company defines Adjusted Operating Margin as Adjusted Operating Income divided by revenue.

	Three Months Ended September 30,		Nine Months Ended September 30,	
	2020		2019		2020		2019	
Operating income	$	642 			$	549 			$	1,944 			$	1,494 		
Adjustments:								
Restructuring	23 			(1)			20 			58 		
Depreciation and amortization	56 			48 			163 			150 		
Acquisition-Related Expenses	— 			— 			— 			3 		
Loss pursuant to the divestiture of MAKS	— 			2 			9 			11 		
Captive insurance company settlement	— 			16 			— 			16 		
Adjusted Operating Income	$	721 			$	614 			$	2,136 			$	1,732 		
Operating margin	47.3 	%		44.3 	%		47.6 	%		41.5 	%	
Adjusted Operating Margin	53.2 	%		49.5 	%		52.3 	%		48.2 	%	
Adjusted Net Income and Adjusted Diluted EPS attributable to Moody's common shareholders:
The Company presents Adjusted Net Income and Adjusted Diluted EPS because management deems these metrics to be useful measures to provide additional perspective on the operating performance of Moody’s. Adjusted Net Income and Adjusted Diluted EPS exclude the impact of: i) Acquisition-Related Expenses; ii) amortization of acquired intangible assets; iii) restructuring charges/adjustments; iv) loss and a tax charge pursuant to the divestiture of MAKS; and v) a captive insurance company settlement.
Acquisition-Related Expenses consist of expenses incurred to complete and integrate the acquisition of Bureau van Dijk. These expenses were excluded in prior years due to the material nature of the cumulative costs incurred over the multi-year integration effort. Acquisition-related expenses from other acquisitions were not material. The Company excludes the impact of amortization of acquired intangible assets as companies utilize intangible assets with different ages and have different methods of acquiring and amortizing intangible assets. These intangible assets were recorded as part of acquisition accounting and contribute to revenue generation. The amortization of intangible assets related to acquisitions will recur in future periods until such intangible assets have been fully amortized. Furthermore, the timing and magnitude of business combination transactions are not predictable and the purchase price allocated to amortizable intangible assets and the related amortization period are unique to each acquisition and can vary significantly from period to period and across companies. Restructuring charges are excluded as the frequency and magnitude of these charges may vary widely across periods and companies. The loss and tax charge pursuant to the divestiture of MAKS are excluded as the frequency and magnitude of divestiture activity may vary widely from period to period and across companies. The captive insurance company settlement relates to the resolution of a matter that is not expected to recur in the future at this magnitude.
The Company excludes the aforementioned items to provide additional perspective when comparing net income and diluted EPS from period to period and across companies as the frequency and magnitude of similar transactions may vary widely across periods.
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Below is a reconciliation of this measure to its most directly comparable U.S. GAAP amount:

	Three Months Ended September 30,		Nine Months Ended September 30,	
Amounts in millions	2020		2019		2020		2019	
Net income attributable to Moody's common shareholders		$	467 				$	380 				$	1,464 				$	1,062 		
Pre-Tax Acquisition-Related Expenses	$	— 				$	— 				$	— 				$	3 			
Tax on Acquisition-Related Expenses	— 				— 				— 				— 			
Net Acquisition-Related Expenses		— 				— 				— 				3 		
Pre-Tax Acquisition-Related Intangible Amortization Expenses	$	31 				$	24 				$	90 				$	77 			
Tax on Acquisition-Related Intangible Amortization Expenses	(7)				(6)				(20)				(18)			
Net Acquisition-Related Intangible Amortization Expenses		24 				18 				70 				59 		
	
Pre-Tax Restructuring	$	23 				$	(1)				$	20 				$	58 			
Tax on Restructuring	(5)				— 				(4)				(14)			
Net Restructuring		18 				(1)				16 				44 		
Pre-Tax captive insurance company settlement	$	— 				$	16 				$	— 				$	16 			
Tax on captive insurance company settlement	— 				(4)				— 				(4)			
Net captive insurance company settlement		— 				12 				— 				12 		
Tax charge pursuant to the divestiture of MAKS		— 				— 				— 				15 		
	
Loss pursuant to the divestiture of MAKS		— 				2 				9 				11 		
Adjusted Net Income		$	509 				$	411 				$	1,559 				$	1,206 		
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	Three Months Ended September 30,		Nine Months Ended September 30,	
	2020		2019		2020		2019	
Diluted earnings per share attributable to Moody's common shareholders		$	2.47 				$	1.99 				$	7.73 				$	5.54 		
Pre-Tax Acquisition-Related Expenses	$	— 				$	— 				$	— 				$	0.02 			
Tax on Acquisition-Related Expenses	— 				— 				— 				(0.01)			
Net Acquisition-Related Expenses		— 				— 				— 				0.01 		
Pre-Tax Acquisition-Related Intangible Amortization Expenses	$	0.16 				$	0.13 				$	0.47 				$	0.40 			
Tax on Acquisition-Related Intangible Amortization Expenses	(0.04)				(0.04)				(0.09)				(0.09)			
Net Acquisition-Related Intangible Amortization Expenses		0.12 				0.09 				0.38 				0.31 		
	
Pre-Tax Restructuring	$	0.12 				$	(0.01)				$	0.10 				$	0.30 			
Tax on Restructuring	(0.02)				0.01 				(0.02)				(0.07)			
Net Restructuring		0.10 				— 				0.08 				0.23 		
Pre-Tax captive insurance company settlement	$	— 				$	0.08 				$	— 				$	0.08 			
Tax on captive insurance company settlement	— 				(0.02)				— 				(0.02)			
Net captive insurance company settlement		— 				0.06 				— 				0.06 		
Tax charge pursuant to the divestiture of MAKS		— 				— 				— 				0.08 		
	
Loss pursuant to the divestiture of MAKS		— 				0.01 				0.05 				0.06 		
Adjusted Diluted EPS		$	2.69 				$	2.15 				$	8.24 				$	6.29 		
Note: the tax impacts in the table above were calculated using tax rates in effect in the jurisdiction for which the item relates.
Free Cash Flow:
The Company defines Free Cash Flow as net cash provided by operating activities minus payments for capital additions. Management believes that Free Cash Flow is a useful metric in assessing the Company’s cash flows to service debt, pay dividends and to fund acquisitions and share repurchases. Management deems capital expenditures essential to the Company’s product and service innovations and maintenance of Moody’s operational capabilities. Accordingly, capital expenditures are deemed to be a recurring use of Moody’s cash flow. Below is a reconciliation of the Company’s net cash flows from operating activities to Free Cash Flow:

	Nine Months Ended September 30,	
	2020		2019	
Net cash flows provided by operating activities	$	1,488 			$	1,196 		
Capital additions	(83)			(61)		
Free Cash Flow	$	1,405 			$	1,135 		
Net cash flows used in investing activities	$	(853)			$	(150)		
Net cash flows provided by (used in) financing activities	$	3 			$	(1,517)		
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Organic Revenue:
The Company presents the organic revenue and growth because management deems this metric to be a useful measure which provides additional perspective in assessing the revenue growth excluding the inorganic revenue impacts from certain acquisitions and divestiture activity. The following table details the periods excluded from each acquisition/divestiture to determine organic revenue.

				Period excluded to determine organic revenue growth	

Acquisition		Acquisition Date		Three Months Ended September 30		Nine Months Ended September 30	
RiskFirst		July 25, 2019		July 1, 2020 - July 24, 2020		January 1, 2020 - July 24, 2020	
ABS Suite		October 1, 2019		July 1, 2020 - September 30, 2020		January 1, 2020 - September 30, 2020	
Regulatory DataCorp		February 13, 2020		July 1, 2020 - September 30, 2020		February 13, 2020 - September 30, 2020	
											
Divestiture		Divestiture Date									
MAKS		November 7, 2019		July 1, 2019 - September 30, 2019		January 1, 2019 - September 30, 2019	
											
Additionally, subsequent to the divestiture of MAKS in 2019, revenue from the Moody's Analytics Learning Solutions ("MALS") unit, which previous to 2020 was reported in the Professional Services LOB, is now reported as part of the RD&A LOB. Prior periods have not been reclassified as the amounts were not material. For purposes of determining organic RD&A revenue growth, MALS revenue has been excluded from 2020 RD&A revenue. Below is a reconciliation of MA's reported revenue and growth rates to its organic revenue and organic growth rates:

	Three Months Ended September 30,		Nine Months Ended September 30,	
Amounts in millions	2020		2019		Change		Growth		2020		2019		Change		Growth	
MA revenue	$	531 			$	494 			$	37 			7%		$	1,524 			$	1,441 			$	83 			6%	
RiskFirst	(2)			— 			(2)					(12)			— 			(12)				
ABS Suite	(3)			— 			(3)					(6)			— 			(6)				
Regulatory DataCorp	(16)			— 			(16)					(37)			— 			(37)				
MAKS	— 			(28)			28 					— 			(83)			83 				
Organic MA revenue	$	510 			$	466 			$	44 			9%		$	1,469 			$	1,358 			$	111 			8%	
																
	Three Months Ended September 30,		Nine Months Ended September 30,	
Amounts in millions	2020		2019		Change		Growth		2020		2019		Change		Growth	
RD&A revenue	$	386 			$	317 			$	69 			22%		$	1,110 			$	940 			$	170 			18%	
ABS Suite	(3)			— 			(3)					(6)			— 			(6)				
Regulatory DataCorp	(16)			— 			(16)					(37)			— 			(37)				
MALS	(13)			— 			(13)					(40)			— 			(40)				
Organic RD&A revenue	$	354 			$	317 			$	37 			12%		$	1,027 			$	940 			$	87 			9%	
																
	Three Months Ended September 30,		Nine Months Ended September 30,	
Amounts in millions	2020		2019		Change		Growth		2020		2019		Change		Growth	
ERS revenue	$	145 			$	134 			$	11 			8%		$	414 			$	373 			$	41 			11%	
RiskFirst	(2)			— 			(2)					(12)			— 			(12)				
Organic ERS revenue	$	143 			$	134 			$	9 			7%		$	402 			$	373 			$	29 			8%	

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Recently Issued Accounting Standards
Refer to Note 21 to the condensed consolidated financial statements located in Part I on this Form 10-Q for a discussion on the impact to the Company relating to recently issued accounting pronouncements.

Contingencies
Legal proceedings in which the Company is involved also may impact Moody’s liquidity or operating results. No assurance can be provided as to the outcome of such proceedings. In addition, litigation inherently involves significant costs. For information regarding legal proceedings, see Item 1 - "Financial Statements", Note 19 "Contingencies” in this Form 10-Q.

Regulation
MIS and many of the securities that it rates are subject to extensive regulation in both the U.S. and in other countries (including by state and local authorities). Existing and proposed laws and regulations can impact the Company’s operations and the markets for securities that it rates. Additional laws and regulations have been proposed or are being considered. Each of the existing, adopted, proposed and potential laws and regulations can increase the costs and legal risk associated with the Company’s operations, including the issuance of credit ratings, and may negatively impact the Company’s profitability and ability to compete, or result in changes in the demand for credit ratings, in the manner in which credit ratings are utilized and in the manner in which the Company operates.
The regulatory landscape continues to evolve. In the U.S., CRAs are subject to extensive regulation primarily pursuant to the Reform Act and the Dodd-Frank Act. The Reform Act added Section 15E to the Exchange Act and provided the SEC with the authority to establish a registration and oversight program for credit rating agencies registered as NRSROs. Among other things, the Reform Act requires the SEC to submit an annual report to Congress providing an overview of SEC activities with respect to NRSROs, and detailing the SEC’s views on the state of competition, transparency and conflicts of interests among NRSROs. The Dodd-Frank Act enhanced the SEC’s oversight of the regulation of NRSROs, and includes a requirement that the SEC publish an annual report summarizing the results of its annual examinations of NRSROs. To date, through a series of rulemakings, the SEC has implemented several Exchange Act provisions related to NRSROs. These include, for example, provisions addressing disclosure of data and assumptions underlying credit ratings, conflicts of interest with respect to sales and marketing practices, disclosure of performance statistics, application and disclosure of credit rating methodologies, analyst training and testing and consistent application of rating symbols and definitions. The Company has made and continues to make substantial IT and other investments, and has implemented the relevant compliance obligations.
In the EU, the CRA industry is registered and supervised through a pan-EU regulatory framework. The European Securities and Markets Authority (ESMA) has direct supervisory responsibility for the registered CRA industry throughout the EU. MIS’ EU CRA subsidiaries are registered and are subject to formal regulation and periodic inspection. Applicable rules include procedural requirements with respect to use of credit ratings, independence and avoidance of conflicts of interest, conflicts of interest concerning investments in CRAs, methodologies, models and key rating assumptions, CRA rotation and use of multiple CRAs, outsourcing, disclosures, credit ratings of sovereign issuers, liability for intentional or grossly negligent failure to abide by applicable regulations, reporting requirements to ESMA regarding fees, and additional procedural and substantive requirements on the pricing of services. From time to time, ESMA publishes interpretive guidance, or thematic reports regarding various aspects of the regulation and, annually, sets out its work program for the forthcoming year. ESMA’s 2021 work program includes, amongst others, monitoring, identifying and assessing new risks such as those emanating from COVID-19 and Environmental, Social and Governance (ESG) products, assessing the drivers behind changes to credit rating methodologies, engaging with CRAs on IT and information security controls and ensuring that credit ratings are accessible and usable by investors.
In 2016, the European Commission published a report concluding that no new EU legislation was necessary at that time, but that it would continue to monitor the credit rating industry and analyze approaches that may strengthen existing regulation. In April 2020, the Commission published a consultation on a Sustainable Finance strategy for the EU. The new strategy is expected to be published in the first quarter of 2021 and could include proposals on the integration of Environmental, Social, and Governance criteria in the credit rating process. The Commission is also expected to publish a report in 2021 on CRAs and the integration of sustainability factors into their credit ratings and on Sustainability Research and Ratings.
Separately, on June 23, 2016, the U.K. voted to exit the E.U. and on January 31, 2020 formally left the E.U. There is now a transition period of 11 months until December 31, 2020 when most EU law will remain applicable in the U.K.. The longer-term impact of the decision to leave the E.U. on the overall regulatory framework for the U.K. will depend, in part, on the relationship that the U.K. negotiates with the E.U. During the transition period, the E.U. CRA regulatory framework will remain in place in the U.K. and firms must continue to abide by their existing obligations with ESMA as the regulator of EU-registered CRAs. It is
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expected that from the start of 2021, relevant legislation for CRAs under the supervision of the Financial Conduct Authority will come into force in the U.K.
In light of the regulations that have gone into effect in both the E.U. and the U.S. (as well as many other countries), periodically and as a matter of course pursuant to their enabling legislation, regulatory authorities have and will continue to publish reports that describe their oversight activities over the industry. In addition, other legislation and/or interpretation of existing regulation relating to the Company’s operations, including credit rating, ancillary and research services is being considered by local, national and multinational bodies and this type of activity is likely to continue in the future. Finally, in certain countries, governments may provide financial or other support to locally-based CRAs. For example, governments may from time to time establish official CRAs or credit ratings criteria or procedures for evaluating local issuers. If enacted, any such legislation and regulation could change the competitive landscape in which MIS operates. The legal status of CRAs has been addressed by courts in various decisions and is likely to be considered and addressed in legal proceedings from time to time in the future. Management of the Company cannot predict whether these or any other proposals will be enacted, the outcome of any pending or possible future legal proceedings, or regulatory or legislative actions, or the ultimate impact of any such matters on the competitive position, financial position or results of operations of the Company.
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Forward-Looking Statements
Certain statements contained in this quarterly report on Form 10-Q are forward-looking statements and are based on future expectations, plans and prospects for the business and operations of the Company that involve a number of risks and uncertainties. Such statements involve estimates, projections, goals, forecasts, assumptions and uncertainties that could cause actual results or outcomes to differ materially from those contemplated, expressed, projected, anticipated or implied in the forward-looking statements. Those statements appear at various places throughout this quarterly report on Form 10-Q, including in the sections entitled “Contingencies” under Item 2, “MD&A”, commencing on page 50 of this quarterly report on Form 10-Q, under “Legal Proceedings” in Part II, Item 1, of this Form 10-Q, and elsewhere in the context of statements containing the words “believe”, “expect”, “anticipate”, “intend”, “plan”, “will”, “predict”, “potential”, “continue”, “strategy”, “aspire”, “target”, “forecast”, “project”, “estimate”, “should”, “could”, “may” and similar expressions or words and variations thereof relating to the Company’s views on future events, trends and contingencies or otherwise convey the prospective nature of events or outcomes generally indicative of forward-looking statements. Stockholders and investors are cautioned not to place undue reliance on these forward-looking statements. The forward-looking statements and other information are made as of the date of this quarterly report on Form 10-Q, and the Company undertakes no obligation (nor does it intend) to publicly supplement, update or revise such statements on a going-forward basis, whether as a result of subsequent developments, changed expectations or otherwise, except as required by applicable law or regulation. In connection with the “safe harbor” provisions of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995, the Company is identifying examples of factors, risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results to differ, perhaps materially, from those indicated by these forward-looking statements.
Those factors, risks and uncertainties include, but are not limited to, the impact of COVID-19 on volatility in the U.S. and world financial markets, on general economic conditions and GDP growth in the U.S. and worldwide, and on the Company’s own operations and personnel. Many other factors could cause actual results to differ from Moody’s outlook, including credit market disruptions or economic slowdowns, which could affect the volume of debt and other securities issued in domestic and/or global capital markets; other matters that could affect the volume of debt and other securities issued in domestic and/or global capital markets, including regulation, credit quality concerns, changes in interest rates and other volatility in the financial markets such as that due to Brexit and uncertainty as companies transition away from LIBOR; the level of merger and acquisition activity in the U.S. and abroad; the uncertain effectiveness and possible collateral consequences of U.S. and foreign government actions affecting credit markets, international trade and economic policy, including those related to tariffs and trade barriers; concerns in the marketplace affecting our credibility or otherwise affecting market perceptions of the integrity or utility of independent credit agency ratings; the introduction of competing products or technologies by other companies; pricing pressure from competitors and/or customers; the level of success of new product development and global expansion; the impact of regulation as an NRSRO, the potential for new U.S., state and local legislation and regulations, including provisions in the Dodd-Frank Act and regulations resulting from that Act; the potential for increased competition and regulation in the EU and other foreign jurisdictions; exposure to litigation related to Moody's Investors Service's rating opinions, as well as any other litigation, government and regulatory proceedings, investigations and inquiries to which the Company may be subject from time to time; provisions in the Dodd-Frank Act legislation modifying the pleading standards, and EU regulations modifying the liability standards, applicable to credit rating agencies in a manner adverse to credit rating agencies; provisions of EU regulations imposing additional procedural and substantive requirements on the pricing of services and the expansion of supervisory remit to include non-EU ratings used for regulatory purposes; the possible loss of key employees; failures or malfunctions of our operations and infrastructure; any vulnerabilities to cyber threats or other cybersecurity concerns; the outcome of any review by controlling tax authorities of the Company’s global tax planning initiatives; exposure to potential criminal sanctions or civil remedies if the Company fails to comply with foreign and U.S. laws and regulations that are applicable in the jurisdictions in which the Company operates, including data protection and privacy laws, sanctions laws, anti-corruption laws, and local laws prohibiting corrupt payments to government officials; the impact of mergers, acquisitions or other business combinations and the ability of the Company to successfully integrate such acquired businesses; currency and foreign exchange volatility; the level of future cash flows; the levels of capital investments; and a decline in the demand for credit risk management tools by financial institutions. These factors, risks and uncertainties as well as other risks and uncertainties that could cause Moody’s actual results to differ materially from those contemplated, expressed, projected, anticipated or implied in the forward-looking statements are currently, or in the future could be, amplified by the COVID-19 outbreak, and are described in greater detail under “Risk Factors” in Part I, Item 1A of the Company’s annual report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2019, its quarterly report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2020, and in other filings made by the Company from time to time with the SEC or in materials incorporated herein or therein. Stockholders and investors are cautioned that the occurrence of any of these factors, risks and uncertainties may cause the Company’s actual results to differ materially from those contemplated, expressed, projected, anticipated or implied in the forward-looking statements, which could have a material and adverse effect on the Company’s business, results of operations and financial condition. New factors may emerge from time to time, and it is not possible for the Company to predict new factors, nor can the Company assess the potential effect of any new factors on it.
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Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk
The following discussion outlines changes in Moody’s derivative instrument portfolio subsequent to the filing of the Company’s Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2019:
Interest rate swaps designated as fair value hedges:
In the first quarter of 2020, the Company entered into interest rate swaps with a notional amount of $500 million to convert the fixed rate of interest on the 3.25% 2017 Senior Notes due 2028 to a floating interest rate based on the 3-month USD LIBOR. The hedges will be settled in 2026. A hypothetical change of 100 BPS in the USD LIBOR-based swap rate would result in an approximate $28 million change to the fair value of the swap, which would be offset by the change in fair value of the hedged item.
In the third quarter of 2020, the Company entered into interest rate swaps with a notional amount of $300 million to convert the fixed rate of interest on the 3.75% 2020 Senior Notes due 2025 to a floating interest rate based on the 6-month USD LIBOR. The hedges will mature in 2025. A hypothetical change of 100 BPS in the USD LIBOR-based swap rate would result in an approximate $13 million change to the fair value of the swap, which would be offset by the change in fair value of the hedged item.
Cross-currency swaps designated as net investment hedges:
In the first quarter of 2020, the Company entered into cross-currency swaps to exchange an aggregate amount of €450 million with corresponding interest based on the floating 3-month EURIBOR for an aggregate amount of $500 million with corresponding interest based on the floating 3-month USD LIBOR. These swaps were designated as net investment hedges under ASC Topic 815. The purpose of these cross-currency swaps is to mitigate FX exposure related to a portion of the Company’s euro net investments in certain foreign subsidiaries against changes in euro/USD exchange rates. If the euro were to strengthen 10% relative to the U.S. dollar, there would be an approximate $53 million unfavorable impact to the fair value of the cross-currency swaps recognized in OCI, which would be offset by favorable currency translation gains on the Company’s euro net investment in foreign subsidiaries.
Foreign exchange forwards designated as net investment hedges:
In the third quarter of 2020, the Company entered into a foreign exchange forward contract to exchange €247 million for $292 million. The purpose of this foreign exchange forward is to mitigate FX exposure related to a portion of the Company's euro net investment in certain foreign subsidiaries against changes in euro/USD exchange rates. If the euro were to strengthen 10% relative to the U.S. dollar, there would be an approximate $29 million unfavorable impact to the fair value of the forward contract recognized in OCI, which would be offset by favorable currency translation gains on the Company's euro net investment in foreign subsidiaries.
Refer to Note 10 to the condensed consolidated financial statements in this Form 10-Q and Item 7A. “Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk”, contained in the Company’s annual report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2019 for further discussion on the Company’s derivative financial instruments.

Item 4. Controls and Procedures
Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures: The Company carried out an evaluation, as required by Rule 13a-15(b) under the Exchange Act, under the supervision and with the participation of the Company’s management, including the Company’s Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, of the effectiveness of the design and operation of the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures, as defined in Rule 13a-15(e) of the Exchange Act, as of the end of the period covered by this report (the “Evaluation Date”). Based on such evaluation, such officers have concluded that, as of the Evaluation Date, the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures were effective to provide reasonable assurance that information required to be disclosed by the Company in reports that it files or submits under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the communication to the Company’s management, including the Company’s Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.
The Company’s management, including the Company’s Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, has determined that there were no changes in the Company’s internal control over financial reporting that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, these internal controls over financial reporting during the three-month period ended September 30, 2020. Although a significant portion of the Company’s workforce began working remotely in mid-March 2020 due to the COVID-19 pandemic, Moody’s has not experienced any material impact to its internal controls over financial reporting.
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PART II. OTHER INFORMATION

Item 1. Legal Proceedings
For information regarding legal proceedings, see Item 1 – “Financial Statements – Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited),” Note 19 “Contingencies” in this Form 10-Q.

Item 1A. Risk Factors
There have been no material changes from the significant risk factors and uncertainties previously disclosed under the heading "Risk Factors" in the Company's annual report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2019, as updated in the Company's quarterly report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2020, that if they were to occur, could materially adversely affect the Company’s business, financial condition, operating results and/or cash flow. For a discussion of the Company’s risk factors, refer to Item 1A. “Risk Factors”, contained in the Company’s annual report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2019 and its quarterly report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2020.

Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds

MOODY'S PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES
For the three months ended September 30, 2020
																											
Period		Total Number of Shares Purchased (1)		
Average Price Paid per Share		Total Number of Shares Purchased as Part of Publicly Announced Program		Approximate Dollar Value of Shares That May Yet be Purchased Under the Program(2)	
July 1- 31		789 			$	— 			$	— 			$	1,081 	 million	
August 1- 31		493 			$	— 			$	— 			$	1,081 	 million	
September 1- 30		174 			$	— 			$	— 			$	1,081 	 million	
Total		1,456 			$	— 			$	— 				
(1)Includes surrender to the Company of 789, 493 and 174 shares of common stock in July, August and September, respectively, to satisfy tax withholding obligations in connection with the vesting of restricted stock issued to employees.
(2)As of the last day of each of the months. On October 22, 2018, the Board authorized a $1 billion share repurchase program, which at September 30, 2020 had approximately $81 million of remaining authority. On December 16, 2019, the Board approved an additional $1 billion for the share repurchase program, which may commence following the completion of the existing program. There is no established expiration date for the remaining authorization.
During the third quarter of 2020, Moody’s issued a net 0.1 million shares under employee stock-based compensation plans.

Item 5. Other Information
Not applicable

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Item 6.    Exhibits

Exhibit No		Description	
3		ARTICLES OF INCORPORATION AND BY-LAWS	
			
.1		Restated Certificate of Incorporation of the Registrant, effective April 22, 2020 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.3 to the Report on Form 8-K of the Registrant, file number 1-14037, filed April 27, 2020)	
			
.2		Amended and Restated By-laws of Moody’s Corporation, effective April 22, 2020 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.2 to the Report on Form 8-K of the Registrant, file number 1-14037, filed April 27, 2020)	

	

	

31		CERTIFICATIONS PURSUANT TO SECTION 302 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002	
			
.1*		Chief Executive Officer Certification Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.	
			
.2*		Chief Financial Officer Certification Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.	
			
32		CERTIFICATIONS PURSUANT TO SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002	
			
.1*		Certification Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as Adopted Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. The Company has furnished this certification and does not intend for it to be considered filed under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 or incorporated by reference into future filings under the Securities Act of 1933 or the Securities Exchange Act of 1934.	
			
.2*		Certification Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as Adopted Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. The Company has furnished this certification and does not intend for it to be considered filed under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 or incorporated by reference into future filings under the Securities Act of 1933 or the Securities Exchange Act of 1934.	
			
101.INS*		Inline XBRL Instance Document (the instance document does not appear in the Interactive Data File because its XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document)	
101.SCH*		Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document	
101.CAL*		Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document	
101.DEF*		Inline XBRL Definitions Linkbase Document	
101.LAB*		Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Labels Linkbase Document	
101.PRE*		Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document	
104*		Cover Page Interactive Data File (formatted as inline XBRL and contained in Exhibit 101)	
			
* Filed herewith	

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SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.

		MOODY’S CORPORATION	

	By:	/ S / MARK KAYE	
		Mark Kaye	
		Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer	
		(principal financial officer)	
			
	By:	/ S / CAROLINE SULLIVAN	
		Caroline Sullivan	
		Senior Vice President and Corporate Controller	
		(principal accounting officer)	
			
Date: October 30, 2020			

97

Exhibit 31.1
CHIEF EXECUTIVE OFFICER CERTIFICATION
PURSUANT TO SECTION 302 OF THE
SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002
I, Raymond W. McDaniel, Jr., certify that:
1.I have reviewed this quarterly report on Form 10-Q of Moody’s Corporation;
2. Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the periods covered by this report;
3. Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;
4. The registrant’s other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15(d)-15(f)) for the registrant and have:
a) Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;
b) Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;
c) Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and
d) Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and
5. The registrant’s other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):
a) All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and
b) Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.

/ S / RAYMOND W. MCDANIEL, JR.		
Raymond W. McDaniel, Jr.		
President and Chief Executive Officer		
October 30, 2020

 Exhibit 31.2
CHIEF FINANCIAL OFFICER CERTIFICATION
PURSUANT TO SECTION 302 OF THE
SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002
I, Mark Kaye, certify that:
1. I have reviewed this quarterly report on Form 10-Q of Moody’s Corporation;
2. Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the periods covered by this report;
3. Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;
4. The registrant’s other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15(d)-15(f)) for the registrant and have:
a) Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;
b) Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;
c) Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and
d) Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and
5. The registrant’s other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):
a) All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and
b) Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.

/ S / MARK KAYE	
Mark Kaye	
Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer	
October 30, 2020

Exhibit 32.1
CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO
18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350,
AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO
SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002
In connection with the Quarterly Report of Moody’s Corporation (the “Company”) on Form 10-Q for the period ended September 30, 2020 as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof (the “Report”), I, Raymond W. McDaniel, Jr., certify, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. § 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that to the best of my knowledge:
(1) the Report fully complies with the requirements of section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and
(2) the information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company.

/ S /  RAYMOND W. MCDANIEL, JR.		
Raymond W. McDaniel, Jr.		
President and Chief Executive Officer		
October 30, 2020

Exhibit 32.2
CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO
18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350,
AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO
SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002
In connection with the Quarterly Report of Moody’s Corporation (the “Company”) on Form 10-Q for the period ended September 30, 2020 as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof (the “Report”), I, Mark Kaye, certify, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. § 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that to the best of my knowledge:
(1) the Report fully complies with the requirements of section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and
(2) the information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company.

/ S / MARK KAYE		
Mark Kaye		
Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer		
October 30, 2020