Table of Contents

UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q

 
x	Quarterly Report Pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934	
For the Quarterly Period Ended September 30, 2014
OR
 
¨	Transition Report Pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934	
For the Transition Period from                      to                     
Commission File Number 0-24612

ADTRAN, Inc.
(Exact name of Registrant as specified in its charter)

 
			
Delaware	 	63-0918200	
(State of Incorporation)	 	(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)	
901 Explorer Boulevard, Huntsville, Alabama 35806-2807
(Address of principal executive offices, including zip code)
(256) 963-8000
(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)

Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant: (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding twelve months (or for such shorter period that the Registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.    Yes   x     No   ¨
Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulations S-T (232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for shorter period that the Registrant was required to submit and post such files).    Yes   x     No   ¨
Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer or a smaller reporting company. See definition of “large accelerated filer”, “accelerated filer”, and “smaller reporting company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large Accelerated Filer	 	x	  	Accelerated Filer	 	¨	
				
Non-accelerated Filer	 	¨	  	Smaller Reporting Company	 	¨	
Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).    Yes   ¨     No   x
Indicate the number of shares outstanding of each of the issuer’s classes of Common Stock, as of the latest practicable date:

Class	  	Outstanding at October 20, 2014	
Common Stock, $.01 Par Value	  	54,320,170 shares	

 

Table of Contents
ADTRAN, Inc.
Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q
For the Three and Nine Months Ended September 30, 2014
 Table of Contents

Item
Number	  	PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION	  	Page
Number	 	
1	  	Financial Statements:	  				
	  	Consolidated Balance Sheets as of September 30, 2014 and December 31, 2013 – (Unaudited)	  	 	3	  	
	  	Consolidated Statements of Income for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2014 and 2013 – (Unaudited)	  	 	4	  	
	  	Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2014 and 2013 – (Unaudited)	  	 	5	  	
	  	Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the nine months ended September 30, 2014 and 2013 – (Unaudited)	  	 	6	  	
	  	Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements – (Unaudited)	  	 	7	  	
2	  	Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	  	 	25	  	
3	  	Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk	  	 	35	  	
4	  	Controls and Procedures	  	 	37	  	
			
	  	PART II. OTHER INFORMATION	  				
1A	  	Risk Factors	  	 	37	  	
2	  	Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds	  	 	37	  	
6	  	Exhibits	  	 	38	  	
			
	  	SIGNATURE	  	 	39	  	
			
	  	EXHIBIT INDEX	  	 	40	  	
FORWARD LOOKING STATEMENTS
The Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995 provides a safe harbor for forward-looking statements made by or on behalf of ADTRAN. ADTRAN and its representatives may from time to time make written or oral forward-looking statements, including statements contained in this report, our other filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) and other communications with our stockholders. Generally, the words, “believe,” “expect,” “intend,” “estimate,” “anticipate,” “will,” “may,” “could” and similar expressions identify forward-looking statements. We caution you that any forward-looking statements made by us or on our behalf are subject to uncertainties and other factors that could cause such statements to be wrong. A list of factors that could materially affect our business, financial condition or operating results is included under “Factors that Could Affect Our Future Results” in “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” contained in Item 2 of Part I of this report. They have also been discussed in Item 1A of Part I in our most recent Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2013 filed on February 27, 2014 with the SEC. Though we have attempted to list comprehensively these important factors, we caution investors that other factors may prove to be important in the future in affecting our operating results. New factors emerge from time to time, and it is not possible for us to predict all of these factors, nor can we assess the impact each factor or a combination of factors may have on our business.
You are further cautioned not to place undue reliance on these forward-looking statements because they speak only of our views as of the date that the statements were made. We undertake no obligation to publicly update or revise any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise, except as required by law.
 
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 PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION
 ITEM 1. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
 ADTRAN, INC.
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
(Unaudited)
(In thousands, except per share amounts)

 	  	September 30,	 	 	December 31,	 	
 	  	2014	 	 	2013	 	
ASSETS	  				 				
Current Assets	  				 				
Cash and cash equivalents	  	$	58,415	  	 	$	58,298	  	
Short-term investments	  	 	55,587	  	 	 	105,760	  	
Accounts receivable, less allowance for doubtful accounts of $116 and $130 at September 30, 2014 and December 31, 2013, respectively	  	 	99,341	  	 	 	85,814	  	
Other receivables	  	 	27,262	  	 	 	18,249	  	
Inventory	  	 	86,879	  	 	 	90,111	  	
Prepaid expenses	  	 	5,579	  	 	 	4,325	  	
Deferred tax assets, net	  	 	15,697	  	 	 	17,083	  	
	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Total Current Assets	  	 	348,760	  	 	 	379,640	  	
Property, plant and equipment, net	  	 	75,201	  	 	 	76,739	  	
Deferred tax assets, net	  	 	12,991	  	 	 	9,622	  	
Goodwill	  	 	3,492	  	 	 	3,492	  	
Other assets	  	 	11,748	  	 	 	11,180	  	
Long-term investments	  	 	298,542	  	 	 	309,225	  	
	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Total Assets	  	$	750,734	  	 	$	789,898	  	
	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY	  				 				
Current Liabilities	  				 				
Accounts payable	  	$	49,972	  	 	$	48,282	  	
Unearned revenue	  	 	23,418	  	 	 	22,205	  	
Accrued expenses	  	 	12,356	  	 	 	12,776	  	
Accrued wages and benefits	  	 	17,591	  	 	 	14,040	  	
Income tax payable, net	  	 	13,650	  	 	 	5,002	  	
	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Total Current Liabilities	  	 	116,987	  	 	 	102,305	  	
	  				 				
Non-current unearned revenue	  	 	13,822	  	 	 	14,643	  	
Other non-current liabilities	  	 	23,548	  	 	 	22,144	  	
Bonds payable	  	 	30,000	  	 	 	46,200	  	
	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Total Liabilities	  	 	184,357	  	 	 	185,292	  	
Commitments and contingencies (see Note 14)	  				 				
Stockholders’ Equity	  				 				
Common stock, par value $0.01 per share; 200,000 shares authorized; 79,652 shares issued and 54,320 shares outstanding at September 30, 2014 and 79,652 shares issued and 56,918 shares outstanding at December 31, 2013	  	 	797	  	 	 	797	  	
Additional paid-in capital	  	 	239,878	  	 	 	233,511	  	
Accumulated other comprehensive income	  	 	5,721	  	 	 	10,753	  	
Retained earnings	  	 	903,741	  	 	 	884,451	  	
Less treasury stock at cost: 25,332 and 22,734 shares at September 30, 2014 and December 31, 2013, respectively	  	 	(583,760	) 	 	 	(524,906	) 	
	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Total Stockholders’ Equity	  	 	566,377	  	 	 	604,606	  	
	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Total Liabilities and Stockholders’ Equity	  	$	750,734	  	 	$	789,898	  	
	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
See notes to consolidated financial statements
 
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 ADTRAN, INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF INCOME
(Unaudited)
(In thousands, except per share amounts)

 	  	Three Months Ended	 	 	Nine Months Ended	 	
 	  	September 30,	 	 	September 30,	 	
 	  	2014	 	 	2013	 	 	2014	 	 	2013	 	
Sales	  	$	162,892	  	 	$	177,404	  	 	$	486,025	  	 	$	482,650	  	
Cost of sales	  	 	84,635	  	 	 	94,857	  	 	 	243,181	  	 	 	250,628	  	
	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Gross Profit	  	 	78,257	  	 	 	82,547	  	 	 	242,844	  	 	 	232,022	  	
Selling, general and administrative expenses	  	 	32,438	  	 	 	32,794	  	 	 	100,165	  	 	 	96,082	  	
Research and development expenses	  	 	33,324	  	 	 	32,543	  	 	 	99,547	  	 	 	98,114	  	
	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Operating Income	  	 	12,495	  	 	 	17,210	  	 	 	43,132	  	 	 	37,826	  	
Interest and dividend income	  	 	992	  	 	 	1,579	  	 	 	3,340	  	 	 	5,021	  	
Interest expense	  	 	(150	) 	 	 	(581	) 	 	 	(525	) 	 	 	(1,737	) 	
Net realized investment gain	  	 	2,687	  	 	 	1,751	  	 	 	7,219	  	 	 	6,949	  	
Other income (expense), net	  	 	(963	) 	 	 	22	  	 	 	(1,615	) 	 	 	(1,521	) 	
	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Income before provision for income taxes	  	 	15,061	  	 	 	19,981	  	 	 	51,551	  	 	 	46,538	  	
Provision for income taxes	  	 	(3,735	) 	 	 	(3,776	) 	 	 	(16,223	) 	 	 	(12,584	) 	
	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Net Income	  	$	11,326	  	 	$	16,205	  	 	$	35,328	  	 	$	33,954	  	
	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Weighted average shares outstanding – basic	  	 	54,521	  	 	 	57,947	  	 	 	55,552	  	 	 	59,561	  	
Weighted average shares outstanding – diluted	  	 	54,824	  	 	 	58,617	  	 	 	55,976	  	 	 	59,929	  	
Earnings per common share – basic	  	$	0.21	  	 	$	0.28	  	 	$	0.64	  	 	$	0.57	  	
Earnings per common share – diluted	  	$	0.21	  	 	$	0.28	  	 	$	0.63	  	 	$	0.57	  	
Dividend per share	  	$	0.09	  	 	$	0.09	  	 	$	0.27	  	 	$	0.27	  	
See notes to consolidated financial statements
 
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 ADTRAN, INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME
(Unaudited)
(In thousands)

 	  	Three Months Ended	 	 	Nine Months Ended	 	
 	  	September 30,	 	 	September 30,	 	
 	  	2014	 	 	2013	 	 	2014	 	 	2013	 	
Net Income	  	$	11,326	  	 	$	16,205	  	 	$	35,328	  	 	$	33,954	  	
	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Other Comprehensive Income (Loss), net of tax:	  				 				 				 				
Net unrealized gains (losses) on available-for-sale securities	  	 	(3,148	) 	 	 	2,562	  	 	 	(2,850	) 	 	 	(780	) 	
Foreign currency translation	  	 	(2,568	) 	 	 	(108	) 	 	 	(2,182	) 	 	 	(1,498	) 	
	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Other Comprehensive Income (Loss), net of tax	  	 	(5,716	) 	 	 	2,454	  	 	 	(5,032	) 	 	 	(2,278	) 	
	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Comprehensive Income, net of tax	  	$	5,610	  	 	$	18,659	  	 	$	30,296	  	 	$	31,676	  	
	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
See notes to consolidated financial statements
 
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 ADTRAN, INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(Unaudited)
(In thousands)

 	  	Nine Months Ended	 	
 	  	September 30,	 	
 	  	2014	 	 	2013	 	
Cash flows from operating activities:	  				 				
Net income	  	$	35,328	  	 	$	33,954	  	
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:	  				 				
Depreciation and amortization	  	 	11,127	  	 	 	11,021	  	
Amortization of net premium on available-for-sale investments	  	 	3,363	  	 	 	4,688	  	
Net realized gain on long-term investments	  	 	(7,219	) 	 	 	(6,949	) 	
Net loss on disposal of property, plant and equipment	  	 	109	  	 	 	6	  	
Stock-based compensation expense	  	 	6,296	  	 	 	6,516	  	
Deferred income taxes	  	 	(122	) 	 	 	(1,296	) 	
Tax benefit from stock option exercises	  	 	71	  	 	 	113	  	
Excess tax benefits from stock-based compensation arrangements	  	 	(53	) 	 	 	(106	) 	
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:	  				 				
Accounts receivable, net	  	 	(15,957	) 	 	 	(25,844	) 	
Other receivables	  	 	(10,576	) 	 	 	(3,724	) 	
Inventory	  	 	2,413	  	 	 	8,584	  	
Prepaid expenses and other assets	  	 	(4,095	) 	 	 	(417	) 	
Accounts payable	  	 	3,563	  	 	 	30,073	  	
Accrued expenses and other liabilities	  	 	7,507	  	 	 	(4,339	) 	
Income tax payable, net	  	 	9,265	  	 	 	(678	) 	
	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Net cash provided by operating activities	  	 	41,020	  	 	 	51,602	  	
	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Cash flows from investing activities:	  				 				
Purchases of property, plant and equipment	  	 	(8,162	) 	 	 	(6,123	) 	
Proceeds from disposals of property, plant and equipment	  	 	1	  	 	 	—  	  	
Proceeds from sales and maturities of available-for-sale investments	  	 	187,013	  	 	 	275,581	  	
Purchases of available-for-sale investments	  	 	(127,074	) 	 	 	(216,129	) 	
	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Net cash provided by investing activities	  	 	51,778	  	 	 	53,329	  	
	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Cash flows from financing activities:	  				 				
Proceeds from stock option exercises	  	 	2,311	  	 	 	2,332	  	
Purchases of treasury stock	  	 	(62,144	) 	 	 	(104,147	) 	
Dividend payments	  	 	(15,060	) 	 	 	(16,220	) 	
Payments on long-term debt	  	 	(16,500	) 	 	 	—  	  	
Excess tax benefits from stock-based compensation arrangements	  	 	53	  	 	 	106	  	
	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Net cash used in financing activities	  	 	(91,340	) 	 	 	(117,929	) 	
	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents	  	 	1,458	  	 	 	(12,998	) 	
Effect of exchange rate changes	  	 	(1,341	) 	 	 	(1,148	) 	
Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of period	  	 	58,298	  	 	 	68,457	  	
	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Cash and cash equivalents, end of period	  	$	58,415	  	 	$	54,311	  	
	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Supplemental disclosure of non-cash investing activities:	  				 				
Purchases of property, plant and equipment included in accounts payable	  	$	598	  	 	$	494	  	
See notes to consolidated financial statements
 
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 ADTRAN, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Unaudited)
(In thousands, except per share amounts)
1. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES
Basis of Presentation
The accompanying unaudited consolidated financial statements of ADTRAN ® , Inc. and its subsidiaries (ADTRAN) have been prepared pursuant to the rules and regulations for reporting on Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q. Accordingly, certain information and notes required by generally accepted accounting principles for complete financial statements are not included herein. The December 31, 2013 Consolidated Balance Sheet is derived from audited financial statements, but does not include all disclosures required by accounting principles generally accepted in the United States.
In the opinion of management, all adjustments necessary for a fair presentation of these interim statements have been recorded and are of a normal and recurring nature. The results of operations for an interim period are not necessarily indicative of the results for the full year. The interim statements should be read in conjunction with the financial statements and notes thereto included in ADTRAN’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2013, filed on February 27, 2014 with the SEC.
Changes in Classifications
We corrected immaterial misclassifications between the operating and investing sections of our consolidated statements of cash flows and adjusted our cash flows for the nine months ended September 30, 2013 in these categories by $0.4 million in order to be consistent with the 2014 presentation.
Out of Period Adjustment
During the year ended December 31, 2013, we identified two adjustments in the acquired NSN (formerly Nokia Siemens Networks) Broadband Access business (NSN BBA business) relating to customer payment discounts for one customer, and recoverable VAT taxes on certain vendor freight invoices that should have been recorded in prior periods. These adjustments resulted from a $0.5 million understatement of net income in the first two quarters of 2013. We evaluated the impact of the adjustments on the results of our previously issued financial statements for each of the prior periods affected and concluded that the impact was not material. We also evaluated the impact of the cumulative effect of the adjustments in 2013 and concluded that the impact is not material to our results for the year 2013. Accordingly, during the three months ended September 30, 2013 we recorded an out of period adjustment to correct these issues.
Use of Estimates
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements, and the reported amounts of revenue and expense during the reporting period. Our more significant estimates include the obsolete and excess inventory reserves, warranty reserves, customer rebates, determination of the deferred revenue components of multiple element sales agreements, estimated costs to complete obligations associated with deferred revenues, estimated income tax provision and income tax contingencies, the fair value of stock-based compensation, impairment of goodwill, valuation and estimated lives of intangible assets, estimated working capital adjustments under negotiation related to the NSN BBA business acquisition, estimated pension liability, fair value of investments, and the evaluation of other-than-temporary declines in the value of investments. Actual amounts could differ significantly from these estimates.
 
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Recent Accounting Pronouncements
In May 2014, the Financial Accounting Standards Board issued Accounting Standards Update No. 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (ASU 2014-09), which supersedes the revenue recognition requirements in Topic 605, Revenue Recognition , including most industry-specific revenue recognition guidance throughout the Industry Topics of the Codification. The core principle of ASU 2014-09 is to recognize revenues when promised goods or services are transferred to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration that is expected to be received for those goods or services. ASU 2014-09 is effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2016, including interim periods within that reporting period, and early application is not permitted. ASU 2014-09 allows for either full retrospective or modified retrospective adoption. We are currently evaluating the transition method that will be elected and the impact that the adoption of ASU 2014-09 will have on our financial position, results of operations and cash flows.
2. INCOME TAXES
Our effective tax rate increased from 27.0% in the nine months ended September 30, 2013 to 31.5% in the nine months ended September 30, 2014. The increase in the effective tax rate between the two periods is primarily attributable to the net effect of the exclusion of a benefit for the research tax credit, which expired on December 31, 2013, partially offset by the release of a valuation allowance attributable to a foreign subsidiary in 2014.
3. PENSION BENEFIT PLAN
We maintain a defined benefit pension plan covering employees in certain foreign countries.
The following table summarizes the components of net periodic pension cost for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2014 and 2013:

 	  	Three Months Ended	 	 	Nine Months Ended	 	
 	  	September 30,	 	 	September 30,	 	
(In thousands)	  	2014	 	 	2013	 	 	2014	 	 	2013	 	
Service cost	  	$	299	  	 	$	297	  	 	$	910	  	 	$	891	  	
Interest cost	  	 	209	  	 	 	185	  	 	 	640	  	 	 	554	  	
Expected return on plan assets	  	 	(272	) 	 	 	(250	) 	 	 	(831	) 	 	 	(751	) 	
	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Net periodic pension cost	  	$	236	  	 	$	232	  	 	$	719	  	 	$	694	  	

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4. STOCK-BASED COMPENSATION
The following table summarizes the stock-based compensation expense related to stock options, restricted stock units (RSUs) and restricted stock for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2014 and 2013, which was recognized as follows:

 	  	Three Months Ended	 	 	Nine Months Ended	 	
 	  	September 30,	 	 	September 30,	 	
(In thousands)	  	2014	 	 	2013	 	 	2014	 	 	2013	 	
Stock-based compensation expense included in cost of sales	  	$	124	  	 	$	118	  	 	$	359	  	 	$	334	  	
	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Selling, general and administrative expense	  	 	1,048	  	 	 	1,024	  	 	 	3,089	  	 	 	3,129	  	
Research and development expense	  	 	975	  	 	 	1,034	  	 	 	2,848	  	 	 	3,053	  	
	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Stock-based compensation expense included in operating expenses	  	 	2,023	  	 	 	2,058	  	 	 	5,937	  	 	 	6,182	  	
	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Total stock-based compensation expense	  	 	2,147	  	 	 	2,176	  	 	 	6,296	  	 	 	6,516	  	
Tax benefit for expense associated with non-qualified options	  	 	(298	) 	 	 	(307	) 	 	 	(878	) 	 	 	(924	) 	
	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Total stock-based compensation expense, net of tax	  	$	1,849	  	 	$	1,869	  	 	$	5,418	  	 	$	5,592	  	
	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
The fair value of our stock options is estimated using the Black-Scholes model. The determination of the fair value of stock options on the date of grant using the Black-Scholes model is affected by our stock price as well as assumptions regarding a number of complex and subjective variables that may have a significant impact on the fair value estimate.
There were no options granted during the three months ended September 30, 2014 or the three and nine months ended September 30, 2013. The weighted-average assumptions and value of options granted for the nine months ended September 30, 2014 are summarized as follows:

 	  	Nine Months Ended	 	
 	  	September 30, 2014	 	
Expected volatility	  	 	39.57	% 	
Risk-free interest rate	  	 	1.86	% 	
Expected dividend yield	  	 	1.38	% 	
Expected life (in years)	  	 	6.25	  	
Weighted-average estimated value	  	$	9.28	  	
The fair value of our RSUs is calculated using a Monte Carlo Simulation valuation method. No RSUs were granted, forfeited, or vested during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2014 or 2013.
The fair value of restricted stock is equal to the closing price of our stock on the date of grant. We granted four thousand shares of restricted stock during the nine months ended September 30, 2014 at a fair value of $21.30 per share. No restricted stock was forfeited or vested during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2014 or 2013.
Stock-based compensation expense recognized in our Consolidated Statements of Income for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2014 and 2013 is based on options, RSUs and restricted stock ultimately expected to vest, and has been reduced for estimated forfeitures. Estimated forfeitures for stock options are based upon historical experience and approximate 2.5% annually. We estimated a 0% forfeiture rate for our RSUs and restricted stock due to the limited number of recipients and historical experience for these awards.
 
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As of September 30, 2014, total compensation expense related to non-vested stock options, RSUs and restricted stock not yet recognized was approximately $11.6 million, which is expected to be recognized over an average remaining recognition period of 2.3 years.
The following table is a summary of our stock options outstanding as of December 31, 2013 and September 30, 2014 and the changes that occurred during the nine months ended September 30, 2014:

(In thousands, except per share amounts)	  	Number of
Options	 	 	Weighted Avg.
Exercise Price	 	  	Weighted Avg.
Remaining
Contractual
Life In Years	 	  	Aggregate
Intrinsic
Value	 	
Options outstanding, December 31, 2013	  	 	6,358	  	 	$	24.43	  	  	 	6.60	  	  	$	25,878	  	
Options granted	  	 	2	  	 	$	26.03	  	  				  				
Options cancelled/forfeited	  	 	(203	) 	 	$	25.86	  	  				  				
Options exercised	  	 	(117	) 	 	$	19.66	  	  				  				
	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
Options outstanding, September 30, 2014	  	 	6,040	  	 	$	24.47	  	  	 	5.85	  	  	$	5,699	  	
	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
Options exercisable, September 30, 2014	  	 	3,961	  	 	$	25.14	  	  	 	4.59	  	  	$	3,295	  	
	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
The aggregate intrinsic values in the table above represent the total pre-tax intrinsic value (the difference between the closing price of our stock on the last trading day of the quarter and the exercise price, multiplied by the number of in-the-money options) that would have been received by the option holders had all option holders exercised their options on September 30, 2014. The aggregate intrinsic value will change based on the fair market value of our stock.
The total pre-tax intrinsic value of options exercised during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2014 was $0.1 million and $0.6 million, respectively.
 
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5. INVESTMENTS
At September 30, 2014, we held the following securities and investments, recorded at either fair value or cost.

(In thousands)	  	Amortized
Cost	 	  	Gross Unrealized	 	 	Carrying
Value	 	
	  			  	Gains	 	  	Losses	 	 			
Deferred compensation plan assets	  	$	12,852	  	  	$	2,660	  	  	$	(14	) 	 	$	15,498	  	
Corporate bonds	  	 	102,196	  	  	 	345	  	  	 	(21	) 	 	 	102,520	  	
Municipal fixed-rate bonds	  	 	150,098	  	  	 	691	  	  	 	(16	) 	 	 	150,773	  	
Municipal variable rate demand notes	  	 	18,000	  	  	 	—  	  	  	 	—  	  	 	 	18,000	  	
Marketable equity securities	  	 	26,542	  	  	 	9,996	  	  	 	(757	) 	 	 	35,781	  	
	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Available-for-sale securities held at fair value	  	$	309,688	  	  	$	13,692	  	  	$	(808	) 	 	$	322,572	  	
	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	 				
Restricted investment held at cost	  				  				  				 	 	30,000	  	
Other investments held at cost	  				  				  				 	 	1,557	  	
	  				  				  				 	 	 	 	
Total carrying value of available-for-sale investments	  				  				  				 	$	354,129	  	
	  				  				  				 	 	 	 	
At December 31, 2013, we held the following securities and investments, recorded at either fair value or cost.

(In thousands)	  	Amortized
Cost	 	  	Gross Unrealized	 	 	Carrying
Value	 	
	  			  	Gains	 	  	Losses	 	 			
Deferred compensation plan assets	  	$	12,300	  	  	$	2,847	  	  	$	(24	) 	 	$	15,123	  	
Corporate bonds	  	 	166,370	  	  	 	534	  	  	 	(45	) 	 	 	166,859	  	
Municipal fixed-rate bonds	  	 	135,773	  	  	 	583	  	  	 	(54	) 	 	 	136,302	  	
Municipal variable rate demand notes	  	 	8,310	  	  	 	—  	  	  	 	—  	  	 	 	8,310	  	
Marketable equity securities	  	 	24,654	  	  	 	13,975	  	  	 	(177	) 	 	 	38,452	  	
	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Available-for-sale securities held at fair value	  	$	347,407	  	  	$	17,939	  	  	$	(300	) 	 	$	365,046	  	
	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	 				
Restricted investment held at cost	  				  				  				 	 	48,250	  	
Other investments held at cost	  				  				  				 	 	1,689	  	
	  				  				  				 	 	 	 	
Total carrying value of available-for-sale investments	  				  				  				 	$	414,985	  	

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As of September 30, 2014, our corporate bonds and municipal fixed-rate bonds had the following contractual maturities:

(In thousands)	  	Corporate
bonds	 	  	Municipal
fixed-rate
bonds	 	
Less than one year	  	$	4,643	  	  	$	31,631	  	
One to two years	  	 	64,168	  	  	 	69,253	  	
Two to three years	  	 	33,709	  	  	 	39,809	  	
Three to five years	  	 	—  	  	  	 	10,080	  	
	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
Total	  	$	102,520	  	  	$	150,773	  	
	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
Actual maturities may differ from contractual maturities because some borrowers have the right to call or prepay obligations with or without call or prepayment penalties.
Our investment policy provides limitations for issuer concentration, which limits, at the time of purchase, the concentration in any one issuer to 5% of the market value of our total investment portfolio.
At September 30, 2014, we held a $30.0 million restricted certificate of deposit, which is carried at cost. This investment serves as a collateral deposit against the principal amount outstanding under loans made to ADTRAN pursuant to an Alabama State Industrial Development Authority revenue bond (the Bond). During the first quarter of 2014, we made a principal payment on the Bond of $16.5 million. At September 30, 2014, the estimated fair value of the Bond using a level 2 valuation technique was approximately $29.8 million, based on a debt security with a comparable interest rate and maturity and a Standard and Poor’s credit rating of AAA. For more information on the Bond, see “Debt” under “Liquidity and Capital Resources” in the “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” contained in Item 2 of Part I of this report.
We review our investment portfolio for potential “other-than-temporary” declines in value on an individual investment basis. We assess, on a quarterly basis, significant declines in value which may be considered other-than-temporary and, if necessary, recognize and record the appropriate charge to write-down the carrying value of such investments. In making this assessment, we take into consideration qualitative and quantitative information, including but not limited to the following: the magnitude and duration of historical declines in market prices, credit rating activity, assessments of liquidity, public filings, and statements made by the issuer. We generally begin our identification of potential other-than-temporary impairments by reviewing any security with a fair value that has declined from its original or adjusted cost basis by 25% or more for six or more consecutive months. We then evaluate the individual security based on the previously identified factors to determine the amount of the write-down, if any. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2014 and 2013, other-than-temporary impairment charges were not significant.
Realized gains and losses on sales of securities are computed under the specific identification method. The following table presents gross realized gains and losses related to our investments.

 	  	Three Months Ended	 	 	Nine Months Ended	 	
 	  	September 30,	 	 	September 30,	 	
(In thousands)	  	2014	 	 	2013	 	 	2014	 	 	2013	 	
Gross realized gains	  	$	2,728	  	 	$	1,797	  	 	$	7,363	  	 	$	7,252	  	
Gross realized losses	  	$	(41	) 	 	$	(46	) 	 	$	(144	) 	 	$	(303	) 	
As of September 30, 2014 and 2013, gross unrealized losses related to individual securities in a continuous loss position for 12 months or longer were not significant.
 
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We have categorized our cash equivalents held in money market funds and our investments held at fair value into a three-level fair value hierarchy based on the priority of the inputs to the valuation technique for the cash equivalents and investments as follows: Level 1 - Values based on unadjusted quoted prices for identical assets or liabilities in an active market; Level 2 - Values based on quoted prices in markets that are not active or model inputs that are observable either directly or indirectly; Level 3 - Values based on prices or valuation techniques that require inputs that are both unobservable and significant to the overall fair value measurement. These inputs include information supplied by investees.

 	  	Fair Value Measurements at September 30, 2014 Using	 	
(In thousands)	  	Fair Value	 	  	Quoted Prices
in Active
Market for
Identical
Assets
(Level 1)	 	  	Significant
Other
Observable
Inputs
(Level 2)	 	  	Significant
Unobservable
Inputs
(Level 3)	 	
Cash equivalents	  				  				  				  				
Money market funds	  	$	9,861	  	  	$	9,861	  	  	$	—  	  	  	$	—  	  	
	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
Available-for-sale securities	  				  				  				  				
Deferred compensation plan assets	  	 	15,498	  	  	 	15,498	  	  	 	—  	  	  	 	—  	  	
Available-for-sale debt securities	  				  				  				  				
Corporate bonds	  	 	102,520	  	  	 	—  	  	  	 	102,520	  	  	 	—  	  	
Municipal fixed-rate bonds	  	 	150,773	  	  	 	—  	  	  	 	150,773	  	  	 	—  	  	
Municipal variable rate demand notes	  	 	18,000	  	  	 	—  	  	  	 	18,000	  	  	 	—  	  	
Available-for-sale marketable equity securities	  				  				  				  				
Marketable equity securities – technology industry	  	 	8,879	  	  	 	8,879	  	  	 	—  	  	  	 	—  	  	
Marketable equity securities – other	  	 	26,902	  	  	 	26,902	  	  	 	—  	  	  	 	—  	  	
	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
Available-for-sale securities	  	 	322,572	  	  	 	51,279	  	  	 	271,293	  	  	 	—  	  	
	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
Total	  	$	332,433	  	  	$	61,140	  	  	$	271,293	  	  	$	—  	  	

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 	  	Fair Value Measurements at December 31, 2013 Using	 	
(In thousands)	  	Fair Value	 	  	Quoted Prices
in Active
Market for
Identical
Assets
(Level 1)	 	  	Significant
Other
Observable
Inputs
(Level 2)	 	  	Significant
Unobservable
Inputs
(Level 3)	 	
Cash equivalents	  				  				  				  				
Money market funds	  	$	3,949	  	  	$	3,949	  	  	$	—  	  	  	$	—  	  	
	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
Available-for-sale securities	  				  				  				  				
Deferred compensation plan assets	  	 	15,123	  	  	 	15,123	  	  	 	—  	  	  	 	—  	  	
Available-for-sale debt securities	  				  				  				  				
Corporate bonds	  	 	166,859	  	  	 	—  	  	  	 	166,859	  	  	 	—  	  	
Municipal fixed-rate bonds	  	 	136,302	  	  	 	—  	  	  	 	136,302	  	  	 	—  	  	
Municipal variable rate demand notes	  	 	8,310	  	  	 	—  	  	  	 	8,310	  	  	 	—  	  	
Available-for-sale marketable equity securities	  				  				  				  				
Marketable equity securities – technology industry	  	 	11,398	  	  	 	11,398	  	  	 	—  	  	  	 	—  	  	
Marketable equity securities – other	  	 	27,054	  	  	 	27,054	  	  	 	—  	  	  	 	—  	  	
	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
Available-for-sale securities	  	 	365,046	  	  	 	53,575	  	  	 	311,471	  	  	 	—  	  	
	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
Total	  	$	368,995	  	  	$	57,524	  	  	$	311,471	  	  	$	—  	  	
	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
The fair value of our Level 2 securities is calculated using a weighted average market price for each security. Market prices are obtained from a variety of industry standard data providers, security master files from large financial institutions, and other third-party sources. These multiple market prices are used as inputs into a distribution-curve-based algorithm to determine the daily market value of each security.
Our municipal variable rate demand notes have a structure that implies a standard expected market price. The frequent interest rate resets make it reasonable to expect the price to stay at par. These securities are priced at the expected market price.
6. DERIVATIVE INSTRUMENTS AND HEDGING ACTIVITIES
We have certain customers and suppliers who are invoiced or pay in a non-functional currency. Changes in the monetary exchange rates may adversely affect our results of operations and financial condition. When appropriate, we enter into various derivative transactions to enhance our ability to manage the volatility relating to these typical business exposures. We do not hold or issue derivative instruments for trading or other speculative purposes. Our derivative instruments are recorded in the Consolidated Balance Sheets at their fair values. Our derivative instruments do not qualify for hedge accounting, and accordingly, all changes in the fair value of the instruments are recognized as other income (expense) in the Consolidated Statements of Income. The maximum contractual period for our derivatives is currently less than twelve months. Our derivative instruments are not subject to master netting arrangements and are not offset in the Consolidated Balance Sheets.
As of September 30, 2014, we had forward contracts outstanding with notional amounts totaling €20.1 million ($25.4 million), which mature through 2014.
 
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The fair values of our derivative instruments recorded in the Consolidated Balance Sheet as of September 30, 2014 and December 31, 2013 were as follows:

 	  	Balance Sheet	 	  	September 30,	 	 	December 31,	 	
(In thousands)	  	Location	 	  	2014	 	 	2013	 	
Derivatives Not Designated as Hedging Instruments (Level 2):	  				  				 				
Foreign exchange contracts – asset derivatives	  	 	Other receivables	  	  	$	99	  	 	$	18	  	
Foreign exchange contracts – liability derivatives	  	 	Accounts payable	  	  	$	(22	) 	 	$	(15	) 	
The change in the fair values of our derivative instruments recorded in the Consolidated Statements of Income during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2014 were as follows:

 	  	 	 	Three Months Ended	 	  	Nine Months Ended	 	
 	  	Income Statement	 	September 30,	 	  	September 30,	 	
(In thousands)	  	Location	 	2014	 	 	2013	 	  	2014	 	 	2013	 	
Derivatives Not Designated as Hedging Instruments:	  		 				 				  				 				
Foreign exchange contracts	  	Other income (expense)	 	$	(191	) 	 	$	52	  	  	$	(739	) 	 	$	(34	) 	
7. INVENTORY
At September 30, 2014 and December 31, 2013, inventory consisted of the following:

 	  	September 30,	 	  	December 31,	 	
(In thousands)	  	2014	 	  	2013	 	
Raw materials	  	$	37,856	  	  	$	44,093	  	
Work in process	  	 	3,920	  	  	 	3,484	  	
Finished goods	  	 	45,103	  	  	 	42,534	  	
	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
Total	  	$	86,879	  	  	$	90,111	  	
	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
We establish reserves for estimated excess, obsolete, or unmarketable inventory equal to the difference between the cost of the inventory and the estimated fair value of the inventory based upon assumptions about future demand and market conditions. At September 30, 2014 and December 31, 2013, raw materials reserves totaled $17.1 million and $16.9 million, respectively, and finished goods inventory reserves totaled $6.3 million and $6.1 million, respectively.
8. GOODWILL AND INTANGIBLE ASSETS
We evaluate the carrying value of goodwill, generated from our acquisition of Bluesocket, Inc. and assigned to our Enterprise Networks division, during the fourth quarter of each year. We may perform additional evaluations if events occur or circumstances change that would more likely than not reduce the fair value of the reporting unit below its carrying amount. When evaluating whether goodwill is impaired, we compare the fair value of the reporting unit to which the goodwill is assigned to the reporting unit’s carrying amount, including goodwill. If the carrying amount of the reporting unit exceeds its fair value, then the amount of the impairment loss is measured. There have been no impairment losses recorded since acquisition.
Intangible assets are included in other assets in the accompanying Consolidated Balance Sheets and include intangibles acquired in conjunction with our acquisitions of Objectworld Communications Corporation on September 15, 2009, Bluesocket, Inc. on August 4, 2011, and the NSN BBA business on May 4, 2012.
 
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The following table presents our intangible assets as of September 30, 2014 and December 31, 2013:

(In thousands)	  	September 30, 2014	 	  	December 31, 2013	 	
 	  	Gross
Value	 	  	Accumulated
Amortization	 	 	Net Value	 	  	Gross
Value	 	  	Accumulated
Amortization	 	 	Net Value	 	
Customer relationships	  	$	6,515	  	  	$	(2,013	) 	 	$	4,502	  	  	$	6,996	  	  	$	(1,555	) 	 	$	5,441	  	
Developed technology	  	 	6,127	  	  	 	(3,374	) 	 	 	2,753	  	  	 	6,537	  	  	 	(2,692	) 	 	 	3,845	  	
Intellectual property	  	 	2,340	  	  	 	(1,436	) 	 	 	904	  	  	 	2,340	  	  	 	(1,185	) 	 	 	1,155	  	
Trade names	  	 	270	  	  	 	(190	) 	 	 	80	  	  	 	270	  	  	 	(145	) 	 	 	125	  	
Other	  	 	13	  	  	 	(10	) 	 	 	3	  	  	 	14	  	  	 	(8	) 	 	 	6	  	
	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Total	  	$	15,265	  	  	$	(7,023	) 	 	$	8,242	  	  	$	16,157	  	  	$	(5,585	) 	 	$	10,572	  	
	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Amortization expense, all of which relates to business acquisitions, was $0.6 million for the three months ended September 30, 2014 and 2013, and $1.7 million and $1.8 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2014 and 2013, respectively.
As of September 30, 2014, the estimated future amortization expense of our intangible assets is as follows:

(In thousands)	  	Amount	 	
Remainder of 2014	  	$	548	  	
2015	  	 	2,071	  	
2016	  	 	1,800	  	
2017	  	 	1,235	  	
2018	  	 	748	  	
Thereafter	  	 	1,840	  	
	  	 	 	 	
Total	  	$	8,242	  	
	  	 	 	 	
9. STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY
A summary of the changes in stockholders’ equity for the nine months ended September 30, 2014 is as follows:

(In thousands)	  	Stockholders’
Equity	 	
Balance, December 31, 2013	  	$	 604,606	  	
Net income	  	 	35,328	  	
Dividend payments	  	 	(15,060	) 	
Dividends accrued for unvested restricted stock units	  	 	1	  	
Net unrealized gains (losses) on available-for-sale securities (net of tax)	  	 	(2,850	) 	
Foreign currency translation adjustment	  	 	(2,182	) 	
Proceeds from stock option exercises	  	 	2,311	  	
Purchase of treasury stock	  	 	(62,144	) 	
Income tax benefit from exercise of stock options	  	 	71	  	
Stock-based compensation expense	  	 	6,296	  	
	  	 	 	 	
Balance, September 30, 2014	  	$	566,377	  	

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Stock Repurchase Program
Since 1997, our Board of Directors has approved multiple share repurchase programs that have authorized open market repurchase transactions of up to 40.0 million shares of our common stock. On May 14, 2014, our Board of Directors authorized the repurchase of an additional 5.0 million shares of our common stock (bringing the total shares authorized for repurchase to 45.0 million), which will commence upon completion of the repurchase plan announced May 1, 2013. This new authorization will be implemented through open market or private purchases from time to time as conditions warrant.
During the nine months ended September 30, 2014, we repurchased 2.7 million shares of our common stock at an average price of $22.68 per share. We currently have the authority to purchase an additional 5.7 million shares of our common stock under the current plans approved by the Board of Directors.
Stock Option Exercises
We issued 0.1 million shares of treasury stock during the nine months ended September 30, 2014 to accommodate employee stock option exercises. The stock options had exercise prices ranging from $15.29 to $23.46. We received proceeds totaling $2.3 million from the exercise of these stock options during the nine months ended September 30, 2014.
Dividend Payments
During the nine months ended September 30, 2014, we paid cash dividends as follows (in thousands except per share amounts):

Record Date	  	Payment Date	  	Per Share Amount	  	Total Dividend Paid	
February 6, 2014	  	February 20, 2014	  	$0.09	  	$5,102	
May 1, 2014	  	May 15, 2014	  	$0.09	  	$5,035	
July 31, 2014	  	August 14, 2014	  	$0.09	  	$4,923	
Other Comprehensive Income
Other comprehensive income consists of unrealized gains (losses) on available-for-sale securities, reclassification adjustments for amounts included in net income related to impairments of available-for-sale securities and realized gains (losses) on available-for-sale securities, defined benefit plan adjustments and foreign currency translation adjustments.
The following tables present changes in accumulated other comprehensive income, net of tax, by component for the three months ended September 30, 2014 and 2013:

 	  	Three Months Ended September 30, 2014	 	
(In thousands)	  	Unrealized
Gains
(Losses) on
Available-
for-Sale
Securities	 	 	Defined
Benefit Plan
Adjustments	 	 	Foreign
Currency
Adjustments	 	 	Total	 	
Beginning balance	  	$	 11,035	  	 	$	(891	) 	 	$	1,293	  	 	$	11,437	  	
Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications	  	 	(1,602	) 	 	 	—  	  	 	 	(2,568	) 	 	 	(4,170	) 	
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income	  	 	(1,546	) 	 	 	—  	  	 	 	—  	  	 	 	(1,546	) 	
	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Net current period other comprehensive income(loss)	  	 	(3,148	) 	 	 	—  	  	 	 	(2,568	) 	 	 	(5,716	) 	
	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Ending balance	  	$	7,887	  	 	$	(891	) 	 	$	(1,275	) 	 	$	5,721	  	

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 	  	Three Months Ended September 30, 2013	 	
(In thousands)	  	Unrealized
Gains
(Losses) on
Available-
for-Sale
Securities	 	 	Defined
Benefit Plan
Adjustments	 	 	Foreign
Currency
Adjustments	 	 	Total	 	
Beginning balance	  	$	 6,766	  	 	$	(1,952	) 	 	$	1,722	  	 	$	6,536	  	
Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications	  	 	3,522	  	 	 	—  	  	 	 	(108	) 	 	 	3,414	  	
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income	  	 	(960	) 	 	 	—  	  	 	 	—  	  	 	 	(960	) 	
	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Net current period other comprehensive income(loss)	  	 	2,562	  	 	 	—  	  	 	 	(108	) 	 	 	2,454	  	
	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Ending balance	  	$	9,328	  	 	$	(1,952	) 	 	$	1,614	  	 	$	8,990	  	
	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
The following tables present changes in accumulated other comprehensive income, net of tax, by component for the nine months ended September 30, 2014 and 2013:

 	  	Nine Months Ended September 30, 2014	 	
(In thousands)	  	Unrealized
Gains
(Losses) on
Available-
for-Sale
Securities	 	 	Defined
Benefit Plan
Adjustments	 	 	Foreign
Currency
Adjustments	 	 	Total	 	
Beginning balance	  	$	 10,737	  	 	$	(891	) 	 	$	907	  	 	$	10,753	  	
Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications	  	 	1,316	  	 	 	—  	  	 	 	(2,182	) 	 	 	(866	) 	
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income	  	 	(4,166	) 	 	 	—  	  	 	 	—  	  	 	 	(4,166	) 	
	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Net current period other comprehensive income(loss)	  	 	(2,850	) 	 	 	—  	  	 	 	(2,182	) 	 	 	(5,032	) 	
	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Ending balance	  	$	7,887	  	 	$	(891	) 	 	$	(1,275	) 	 	$	5,721	  	

 	  	Nine Months Ended September 30, 2013	 	
(In thousands)	  	Unrealized
Gains
(Losses) on
Available-
for-Sale
Securities	 	 	Defined
Benefit Plan
Adjustments	 	 	Foreign
Currency
Adjustments	 	 	Total	 	
Beginning balance	  	$	 10,108	  	 	$	(1,952	) 	 	$	3,112	  	 	$	11,268	  	
Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications	  	 	3,174	  	 	 	—  	  	 	 	(1,498	) 	 	 	1,676	  	
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income	  	 	(3,954	) 	 	 	—  	  	 	 	—  	  	 	 	(3,954	) 	
	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Net current period other comprehensive income(loss)	  	 	(780	) 	 	 	—  	  	 	 	(1,498	) 	 	 	(2,278	) 	
	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Ending balance	  	$	9,328	  	 	$	(1,952	) 	 	$	1,614	  	 	$	8,990	  	

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The following tables present the details of reclassifications out of accumulated other comprehensive income for the three months ended September 30, 2014 and 2013:

(In thousands)	  	Three Months Ended September 30, 2014	 	
Details about Accumulated Other
Comprehensive Income Components	  	Amount Reclassified
from Accumulated
Other Comprehensive
Income	 	 	Affected Line Item in the
Statement Where Net
Income Is Presented	 	
Unrealized gains (losses) on available-for-sale securities:	  				 				
Net realized gain on sales of securities	  	$	2,565	  	 	 	Net realized investment gain	  	
Impairment expense	  	 	(30	) 	 	 	Net realized investment gain	  	
	  	 	 	 	 				
Total reclassifications for the period, before tax	  	 	2,535	  	 				
Tax (expense) benefit	  	 	(989	) 	 				
	  	 	 	 	 				
Total reclassifications for the period, net of tax	  	$	1,546	  	 				

									
(In thousands)	  	Three Months Ended September 30, 2013	 	
Details about Accumulated Other
Comprehensive Income Components	  	Amount Reclassified
from Accumulated
Other Comprehensive
Income	 	 	Affected Line Item in the
Statement Where Net
Income Is Presented	 	
Unrealized gains (losses) on available-for-sale securities:	  				 				
Net realized gain on sales of securities	  	$	1,583	  	 	 	Net realized investment gain	  	
Impairment expense	  	 	(9	) 	 	 	Net realized investment gain	  	
	  	 	 	 	 				
Total reclassifications for the period, before tax	  	 	1,574	  	 				
Tax (expense) benefit	  	 	(614	) 	 				
	  	 	 	 	 				
Total reclassifications for the period, net of tax	  	$	960	  	 				
	  	 	 	 	 				
The following tables present the details of reclassifications out of accumulated other comprehensive income for the nine months ended September 30, 2014 and 2013:

(In thousands)	  	Nine Months Ended September 30, 2014	 	
Details about Accumulated Other
Comprehensive Income Components	  	Amount Reclassified
from Accumulated
Other Comprehensive
Income	 	 	Affected Line Item in the
Statement Where Net
Income Is Presented	 	
Unrealized gains (losses) on available-for-sale securities:	  				 				
Net realized gain on sales of securities	  	$	6,895	  	 	 	Net realized investment gain	  	
Impairment expense	  	 	(64	) 	 	 	Net realized investment gain	  	
	  	 	 	 	 				
Total reclassifications for the period, before tax	  	 	6,831	  	 				
Tax (expense) benefit	  	 	(2,665	) 	 				
	  	 	 	 	 				
Total reclassifications for the period, net of tax	  	$	4,166	  	 				

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(In thousands)	  	Nine Months Ended September 30, 2013	 	
Details about Accumulated Other
Comprehensive Income Components	  	Amount Reclassified
from Accumulated
Other Comprehensive
Income	 	 	Affected Line Item in the
Statement Where Net
Income Is Presented	 	
Unrealized gains (losses) on available-for-sale securities:	  				 				
Net realized gain on sales of securities	  	$	6,496	  	 	 	Net realized investment gain	  	
Impairment expense	  	 	(13	) 	 	 	Net realized investment gain	  	
	  	 	 	 	 				
Total reclassifications for the period, before tax	  	 	6,483	  	 				
Tax (expense) benefit	  	 	(2,529	) 	 				
	  	 	 	 	 				
Total reclassifications for the period, net of tax	  	$	3,954	  	 				
	  	 	 	 	 				
The following table presents the tax effects related to the change in each component of other comprehensive income for the three months ended September 30, 2014 and 2013:

 	  	Three Months Ended
September 30, 2014	 	 	Three Months Ended
September 30, 2013	 	
(In thousands)	  	Before-Tax
Amount	 	 	Tax
(Expense)
Benefit	 	  	Net-of-Tax
Amount	 	 	Before-Tax
Amount	 	 	Tax
Benefit	 	 	Net-of-Tax
Amount	 	
Unrealized gains (losses) on available-for-sale securities	  	$	(2,626	) 	 	$	1,024	  	  	$	(1,602	) 	 	$	5,774	  	 	$	(2,252	) 	 	$	3,522	  	
Reclassification adjustment for amounts included in net income	  	 	(2,535	) 	 	 	989	  	  	 	(1,546	) 	 	 	(1,574	) 	 	 	614	  	 	 	(960	) 	
Foreign currency translation adjustment	  	 	(2,568	) 	 	 	—  	  	  	 	(2,568	) 	 	 	(108	) 	 	 	—  	  	 	 	(108	) 	
	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Total Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)	  	$	(7,729	) 	 	$	2,013	  	  	$	(5,716	) 	 	$	4,092	  	 	$	(1,638	) 	 	$	2,454	  	
	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
The following table presents the tax effects related to the change in each component of other comprehensive income for the nine months ended September 30, 2014 and 2013:

 	  	Nine Months Ended
September 30, 2014	 	 	Nine Months Ended
September 30, 2013	 	
(In thousands)	  	Before-Tax
Amount	 	 	Tax
(Expense)
Benefit	 	 	Net-of-Tax
Amount	 	 	Before-Tax
Amount	 	 	Tax
Benefit	 	 	Net-of-Tax
Amount	 	
Unrealized gains (losses) on available-for-sale securities	  	$	2,157	  	 	$	(841	) 	 	$	1,316	  	 	$	5,203	  	 	$	(2,029	) 	 	$	3,174	  	
Reclassification adjustment for amounts included in net income	  	 	(6,831	) 	 	 	2,665	  	 	 	(4,166	) 	 	 	(6,483	) 	 	 	2,529	  	 	 	(3,954	) 	
Foreign currency translation adjustment	  	 	(2,182	) 	 	 	—  	  	 	 	(2,182	) 	 	 	(1,498	) 	 	 	—  	  	 	 	(1,498	) 	
	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Total Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)	  	$	(6,856	) 	 	$	1,824	  	 	$	(5,032	) 	 	$	(2,778	) 	 	$	500	  	 	$	(2,278	) 	

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10. EARNINGS PER SHARE
A summary of the calculation of basic and diluted earnings per share for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2014 and 2013 is as follows:

 	  	Three Months Ended	 	  	Nine Months Ended	 	
 	  	September 30,	 	  	September 30,	 	
(In thousands, except per share amounts)	  	2014	 	  	2013	 	  	2014	 	  	2013	 	
Numerator	  				  				  				  				
Net income	  	$	11,326	  	  	$	16,205	  	  	$	35,328	  	  	$	33,954	  	
	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
Denominator	  				  				  				  				
Weighted average number of shares – basic	  	 	54,521	  	  	 	57,947	  	  	 	55,552	  	  	 	59,561	  	
Effect of dilutive securities	  				  				  				  				
Stock options	  	 	266	  	  	 	613	  	  	 	402	  	  	 	321	  	
Restricted stock and restricted stock units	  	 	37	  	  	 	57	  	  	 	22	  	  	 	47	  	
	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
Weighted average number of shares – diluted	  	 	54,824	  	  	 	58,617	  	  	 	55,976	  	  	 	59,929	  	
	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
Net income per share – basic	  	$	0.21	  	  	$	0.28	  	  	$	0.64	  	  	$	0.57	  	
Net income per share – diluted	  	$	0.21	  	  	$	0.28	  	  	$	0.63	  	  	$	0.57	  	
Anti-dilutive options to purchase common stock outstanding were excluded from the above calculations. Anti-dilutive options totaled 4.5 million and 2.5 million for the three months ended September 30, 2014 and 2013, respectively, and 3.1 million and 3.3 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2014 and 2013, respectively.
11. SEGMENT INFORMATION
We operate in two reportable segments: (1) the Carrier Networks Division and (2) the Enterprise Networks Division. We evaluate the performance of our segments based on gross profit; therefore, selling, general and administrative expenses, research and development expenses, interest and dividend income, interest expense, net realized investment gain/loss, other income/expense and provision for taxes are reported on an entity-wide basis only. There are no inter-segment revenues.
The following tables present information about the reported sales and gross profit of our reportable segments for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2014 and 2013. Asset information by reportable segment is not reported, since we do not produce such information internally.

 	  	Three Months Ended	 	
 	  	September 30, 2014	 	  	September 30, 2013	 	
(In thousands)	  	Sales	 	  	Gross Profit	 	  	Sales	 	  	Gross Profit	 	
Carrier Networks	  	$	132,972	  	  	$	61,687	  	  	$	141,278	  	  	$	63,066	  	
Enterprise Networks	  	 	29,920	  	  	 	16,570	  	  	 	36,126	  	  	 	19,481	  	
	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
Total	  	$	162,892	  	  	$	78,257	  	  	$	177,404	  	  	$	82,547	  	

																	
 	  	Nine Months Ended	 	
 	  	September 30, 2014	 	  	September 30, 2013	 	
(In thousands)	  	Sales	 	  	Gross Profit	 	  	Sales	 	  	Gross Profit	 	
Carrier Networks	  	$	394,589	  	  	$	191,093	  	  	$	374,498	  	  	$	172,570	  	
Enterprise Networks	  	 	91,436	  	  	 	51,751	  	  	 	108,152	  	  	 	59,452	  	
	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
Total	  	$	486,025	  	  	$	242,844	  	  	$	482,650	  	  	$	232,022	  	

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Sales by Product
Our three major product categories are Carrier Systems, Business Networking and Loop Access.
Carrier Systems products are used by communications service providers to provide data, voice and video services to consumers and enterprises. This category includes the following product areas and related services:
 
 	•	 	Broadband Access	
 
 	•	 	Total Access ® 5000 Multi-Service Access Node (MSAN)	
 
 	•	 	hiX family of MSANs	
 
 	•	 	Total Access 1100/1200 Series of Fiber to the Node (FTTN) products	
 
 	•	 	Ultra Broadband Ethernet (UBE)	
 
 	•	 	Digital Subscriber Line Access Multiplexer (DSLAM) products	
 
 	•	 	Optical	
 
 	•	 	Optical Networking Edge (ONE)	
 
 	•	 	NetVanta 8000 Series of Fiber Ethernet Access Devices (EAD)	
 
 	•	 	OPTI-6100 and Total Access 3000 optical Multi-Service Provisioning Platforms (MSPP)	
 
 	•	 	Pluggable Optical Products, including SFP, XFP, and SFP+	
 
 	•	 	TDM systems	
Business Networking products provide access to communication services and facilitate the delivery of cloud connectivity and enterprise communications to distributed enterprises and small and medium-sized businesses. This category includes the following product areas and related services:
 
 	•	 	Internetworking products	
 
 	•	 	Total Access IP Business Gateways	
 
 	•	 	Optical Network Terminals (ONTs)	
 
 	•	 	Bluesocket ® virtual Wireless LAN (vWLAN ® )	
 
 	•	 	NetVanta ®	
 
 	-	Multiservice Routers	
 
 	-	Managed Ethernet Switches	
 
 	-	IP Business Gateways	
 
 	-	Unified Communications (UC) solutions	
 
 	-	Carrier Ethernet Network Terminating Equipment (NTE)	
 
 	•	 	Network Management Solutions	
 
 	•	 	Integrated Access Devices (IADs)	
Loop Access products are used by carrier and enterprise customers for access to copper-based communications networks. This category includes the following product areas and related services:
 
 	•	 	High bit-rate Digital Subscriber Line (HDSL) products	
 
 	•	 	Digital Data Service (DDS)	
 
 	•	 	Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN) products	
 
 	•	 	T1/E1/T3 Channel Service Units/Data Service Units (CSUs/DSUs)	
 
 	•	 	TRACER fixed-wireless products	
 
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The table below presents sales information by product category for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2014 and 2013:

 	  	Three Months Ended	 	  	Nine Months Ended	 	
 	  	September 30,	 	  	September 30,	 	
(In thousands)	  	2014	 	  	2013	 	  	2014	 	  	2013	 	
Carrier Systems	  	$	113,950	  	  	$	120,778	  	  	$	342,327	  	  	$	319,119	  	
Business Networking	  	 	39,746	  	  	 	44,213	  	  	 	119,634	  	  	 	127,668	  	
Loop Access	  	 	9,196	  	  	 	12,413	  	  	 	24,064	  	  	 	35,863	  	
	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
Total	  	$	162,892	  	  	$	177,404	  	  	$	486,025	  	  	$	482,650	  	
	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
In addition, we identify subcategories of product revenues, which we divide into core products and legacy products. Our core products consist of Broadband Access and Optical products (included in Carrier Systems), and Internetworking products (included in Business Networking). Our legacy products include HDSL products (included in Loop Access) and other products not included in the aforementioned core products.
The table below presents subcategory revenues for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2014 and 2013:

 	  	Three Months Ended	 	  	Nine Months Ended	 	
 	  	September 30,	 	  	September 30,	 	
(In thousands)	  	2014	 	  	2013	 	  	2014	 	  	2013	 	
Core Products	  				  				  				  				
Broadband Access (included in Carrier Systems)	  	$	96,084	  	  	$	98,132	  	  	$	285,920	  	  	$	251,994	  	
Optical (included in Carrier Systems)	  	 	13,686	  	  	 	16,640	  	  	 	42,308	  	  	 	41,500	  	
Internetworking (included in Business Networking)	  	 	38,630	  	  	 	43,329	  	  	 	116,562	  	  	 	124,163	  	
	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
Subtotal	  	 	148,400	  	  	 	158,101	  	  	 	444,790	  	  	 	417,657	  	
Legacy Products	  				  				  				  				
HDSL (does not include T1) (included in Loop Access)	  	 	8,400	  	  	 	11,487	  	  	 	22,075	  	  	 	33,183	  	
Other products (excluding HDSL)	  	 	6,092	  	  	 	7,816	  	  	 	19,160	  	  	 	31,810	  	
	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
Subtotal	  	 	14,492	  	  	 	19,303	  	  	 	41,235	  	  	 	64,993	  	
	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
Total	  	$	162,892	  	  	$	177,404	  	  	$	486,025	  	  	$	482,650	  	
	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
12. LIABILITY FOR WARRANTY RETURNS
Our products generally include warranties of 90 days to ten years for product defects. We accrue for warranty returns at the time revenue is recognized based on our estimate of the cost to repair or replace the defective products. We engage in extensive product quality programs and processes, including actively monitoring and evaluating the quality of our component suppliers. Our products continue to become more complex in both size and functionality as many of our product offerings migrate from line card applications to systems products. The increasing complexity of our products will cause warranty incidences, when they arise, to be more costly. Our estimates regarding future warranty obligations may change due to product failure rates, material usage, and other rework costs incurred in correcting a product failure. In addition, from time to time, specific warranty accruals may be recorded if unforeseen problems arise. Should our actual experience relative to these factors be worse than our estimates, we will be required to record additional warranty expense. Alternatively, if we provide for more reserves than we require, we will reverse a portion of such provisions in future periods. The liability for warranty obligations totaled $8.6 million at September 30, 2014 and $9.0 million at December 31, 2013. The decrease from December 31, 2013 to September 30, 2014 includes a $1.5 million decrease related to the settlement of an outstanding warranty claim, which corresponds to a reduction in Other Receivables. These liabilities are included in accrued expenses in the accompanying Consolidated Balance Sheets.
 
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A summary of warranty expense and write-off activity for the nine months ended September 30, 2014 and 2013 is as follows:

 	  	Nine Months Ended	 	
 	  	September 30,	 	
(In thousands)	  	2014	 	 	2013	 	
Balance at beginning of period	  	$	8,977	  	 	$	9,653	  	
Plus: Amounts charged to cost and expenses	  	 	2,770	  	 	 	2,078	  	
Less: Deductions	  	 	(3,099	) 	 	 	(3,120	) 	
	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Balance at end of period	  	$	8,648	  	 	$	8,611	  	
	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Deductions for the nine months ended September 30, 2014 include a $1.5 million reduction that relates to the settlement of an outstanding warranty claim, which corresponds to a reduction in Other Receivables.
13. RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS
We employ the law firm of our director emeritus for legal services. All bills for services rendered by this firm are reviewed and approved by our Chief Financial Officer. We believe that the fees for such services are comparable to those charged by other firms for services rendered to us. The services of our director emeritus ended with his death on September 7, 2014. We incurred fees of $10 thousand and $30 thousand for the three months ended September 30, 2014 and 2013, respectively, and $70 thousand and $90 thousand for the nine months ended September 30, 2014 and 2013, respectively, for these legal services.
14. COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES
In the ordinary course of business, we may be subject to various legal proceedings and claims, including employment disputes, patent claims, disputes over contract agreements and other commercial disputes. In some cases, claimants seek damages or other relief, such as royalty payments related to patents, which, if granted, could require significant expenditures. Although the outcome of any claim or litigation can never be certain, it is our opinion that the outcome of all contingencies of which we are currently aware will not materially affect our business, operations, financial condition or cash flows.
We have committed to invest up to an aggregate of $7.9 million in two private equity funds, and we have contributed $8.4 million as of September 30, 2014, of which $7.7 million has been applied to these commitments.
15. SUBSEQUENT EVENTS
On October 14, 2014, we announced that our Board of Directors declared a quarterly cash dividend of $0.09 per common share to be paid to stockholders of record at the close of business on October 30, 2014. The payment date will be November 13, 2014. The quarterly dividend payment will be approximately $4.9 million. In July 2003, our Board of Directors elected to begin declaring quarterly dividends on our common stock considering the tax treatment of dividends and adequate levels of Company liquidity.
During the fourth quarter and as of November 5, 2014, we have repurchased 0.2 million shares of our common stock through open market purchases at an average cost of $20.47 per share. We currently have the authority to purchase an additional 5.5 million shares of our common stock under the current plan approved by the Board of Directors.
 
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 ITEM 2. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
The following discussion should be read in conjunction with the Consolidated Financial Statements and the related notes that appear elsewhere in this document.
OVERVIEW
ADTRAN, Inc. is a leading global provider of networking and communications equipment. Our solutions enable voice, data, video and Internet communications across a variety of network infrastructures. These solutions are deployed by some of the world’s largest service providers, distributed enterprises and small and medium-sized businesses, public and private enterprises, and millions of individual users worldwide.
Our success depends upon our ability to increase unit volume and market share through the introduction of new products and succeeding generations of products having lower selling prices and increased functionality as compared to both the prior generation of a product and to the products of competitors. An important part of our strategy is to reduce the cost of each succeeding product generation and then lower the product’s selling price based on the cost savings achieved in order to gain market share and/or improve gross margins. As a part of this strategy, we seek in most instances to be a high-quality, low-cost provider of products in our markets. Our success to date is attributable in large measure to our ability to design our products initially with a view to their subsequent redesign, allowing both increased functionality and reduced manufacturing costs in each succeeding product generation. This strategy enables us to sell succeeding generations of products to existing customers, while increasing our market share by selling these enhanced products to new customers.
Our three major product categories are Carrier Systems, Business Networking and Loop Access.
Carrier Systems products are used by communications service providers to provide data, voice and video services to consumers and enterprises. This category includes the following product areas and related services:
 
 	•	 	Broadband Access	
 
 	•	 	Total Access ® 5000 Multi-Service Access Node (MSAN)	
 
 	•	 	hiX family of MSANs	
 
 	•	 	Total Access 1100/1200 Series of Fiber to the Node (FTTN) products	
 
 	•	 	Ultra Broadband Ethernet (UBE)	
 
 	•	 	Digital Subscriber Line Access Multiplexer (DSLAM) products	
 
 	•	 	Optical	
 
 	•	 	Optical Networking Edge (ONE)	
 
 	•	 	NetVanta 8000 Series of Fiber Ethernet Access Devices (EAD)	
 
 	•	 	OPTI-6100 and Total Access 3000 optical Multi-Service Provisioning Platforms (MSPP)	
 
 	•	 	Pluggable Optical Products, including SFP, XFP, and SFP+	
 
 	•	 	TDM systems	
 
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Business Networking products provide access to communication services and facilitate the delivery of cloud connectivity and enterprise communications to distributed enterprises and small and medium-sized businesses. This category includes the following product areas and related services:
 
 	•	 	Internetworking products	
 
 	•	 	Total Access IP Business Gateways	
 
 	•	 	Optical Network Terminals (ONTs)	
 
 	•	 	Bluesocket ® virtual Wireless LAN (vWLAN ® )	
 
 	•	 	NetVanta ®	
 
 	-	Multiservice Routers	
 
 	-	Managed Ethernet Switches	
 
 	-	IP Business Gateways	
 
 	-	Unified Communications (UC) solutions	
 
 	-	Carrier Ethernet Network Terminating Equipment (NTE)	
 
 	•	 	Network Management Solutions	
 
 	•	 	Integrated Access Devices (IADs)	
Loop Access products are used by carrier and enterprise customers for access to copper-based communications networks. This category includes the following product areas and related services:
 
 	•	 	High bit-rate Digital Subscriber Line (HDSL) products	
 
 	•	 	Digital Data Service (DDS)	
 
 	•	 	Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN) products	
 
 	•	 	T1/E1/T3 Channel Service Units/Data Service Units (CSUs/DSUs)	
 
 	•	 	TRACER fixed-wireless products	
In addition, we identify subcategories of product revenues, which we divide into core products and legacy products. Our core products consist of Broadband Access and Optical products (included in Carrier Systems) and Internetworking products (included in Business Networking). Our legacy products include HDSL products (included in Loop Access) and other products not included in the aforementioned core products. Many of our customers are migrating their networks to deliver higher bandwidth services by utilizing newer technologies. We believe that products and services offered in our core product areas position us well for this migration. As a result of this migration, revenues of our legacy products, including HDSL, have decreased significantly. Despite occasional increases, we anticipate revenues of our legacy products, including HDSL, will continue to decline over time.
See Note 11 of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements in this report for further information regarding these product categories.
Sales were $162.9 million and $486.0 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2014 compared to $177.4 million and $482.7 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2013. Product revenues for our three core areas, Broadband Access, Optical and Internetworking, were $148.4 million and $444.8 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2014 compared to $158.1 million and $417.7 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2013. Our gross margin increased to 48.0% and 50.0% for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2014 from 46.5% and 48.1% for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2013. Our operating income margin decreased to 7.7% for the three months ended September 30, 2014 from 9.7% for the three months ended September 30, 2013, and increased to 8.9% for the nine months ended September 30, 2014 from 7.8% for the nine months ended September 30, 2013. Net income was $11.3 million and $35.3 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2014 compared to $16.2 million and $34.0 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2013. Our effective tax rate increased to 24.8% for the three months ended September 30, 2014 from 18.9% for the three months ended September 30, 2013 and increased to 31.5% for the nine months ended September 30, 2014 from 27.0% for the nine months ended September 30, 2013. Earnings per share, assuming dilution, were $0.21 and $0.63 for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2014 compared to $0.28 and $0.57 for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2013.
 
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Our operating results have fluctuated on a quarterly basis in the past, and may vary significantly in future periods due to a number of factors, including customer order activity and backlog. Backlog levels vary because of seasonal trends, the timing of customer projects and other factors that affect customer order lead times. Many of our customers require prompt delivery of products. This requires us to maintain sufficient inventory levels to satisfy anticipated customer demand. If near-term demand for our products declines, or if potential sales in any quarter do not occur as anticipated, our financial results could be adversely affected. Operating expenses are relatively fixed in the short term; therefore, a shortfall in quarterly revenues could significantly impact our financial results in a given quarter.
Our operating results may also fluctuate as a result of a number of other factors, including a decline in general economic and market conditions, increased competition, customer order patterns, changes in product and services mix, timing differences between price decreases and product cost reductions, product warranty returns, expediting costs and announcements of new products by us or our competitors. Additionally, maintaining sufficient inventory levels to assure prompt delivery of our products increases the amount of inventory that may become obsolete and increases the risk that the obsolescence of this inventory may have an adverse effect on our business and operating results. Also, not maintaining sufficient inventory levels to assure prompt delivery of our products may cause us to incur expediting costs to meet customer delivery requirements, which may negatively impact our operating results in a given quarter.
Accordingly, our historical financial performance is not necessarily a meaningful indicator of future results, and, in general, management expects that our financial results may vary from period to period. A list of factors that could materially affect our business, financial condition or operating results is included under “Factors That Could Affect Our Future Results” in “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” contained in Item 2 of Part I of this report. These factors have also been discussed in more detail in Item 1A of Part I in our most recent Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2013, filed on February 27, 2014 with the SEC.
CRITICAL ACCOUNTING POLICIES AND ESTIMATES
Our critical accounting policies and estimates have not changed significantly from those detailed in our most recent Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2013, filed on February 27, 2014 with the SEC.
EFFECT OF RECENT ACCOUNTING PRONOUNCEMENTS
See Note 1 of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements in Item 1 of this Form 10-Q for a full description of recent accounting pronouncements, including the expected dates of adoption and estimated effects on results of operations and financial condition, which is incorporated herein by reference.
RESULTS OF OPERATIONS – THREE AND NINE MONTHS ENDED SEPTEMBER 30, 2014 COMPARED TO THREE AND NINE MONTHS ENDED SEPTEMBER 30, 2013
SALES
ADTRAN’s sales decreased 8.2% from $177.4 million in the three months ended September 30, 2013 to $162.9 million in the three months ended September 30, 2014, and increased 0.7% from $482.7 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2013 to $486.0 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2014. The decrease in sales for the three months ended September 30, 2014 is primarily attributable to a $4.7 million decrease in sales of our Internetworking products, a $3.0 million decrease in sales of our Optical products, a $2.0 million decrease in sales of our Broadband Access products, and a $4.8 million decrease in sales of our HDSL and other legacy products. The increase in sales for the nine months ended September 30, 2014 is primarily attributable to a $33.9 million increase in sales of our Broadband Access products, partially offset by a $23.8 million decrease in sales of our HDSL and other legacy products and a $7.6 million decrease in sales of our Internetworking products.
 
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Carrier Networks sales decreased 5.9% from $141.3 million in the three months ended September 30, 2013 to $133.0 million in the three months ended September 30, 2014, and increased 5.4% from $374.5 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2013 to $394.6 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2014. The decrease in sales for the three months ended September 30, 2014 is primarily attributable to decreases in sales of our Broadband Access products, Optical products, and HDSL and other legacy products, partially offset by an increase in sales of our Internetworking products. The decrease in sales of our Broadband Access products for the three months ended September 30, 2014 is primarily attributable to lower international sales, partially offset by an increase in our domestic carrier business. The decrease in sales of our Optical products for the three months ended September 30, 2014 is primarily attributable to lower international sales, partially offset by higher domestic sales. The decrease in sales of HDSL and other legacy products for the three months ended September 30, 2014 has been expected as customers continue to upgrade their networks to deliver higher bandwidth services by migrating to newer technologies, including to our core products from our Broadband Access, Internetworking and Optical product lines. While we expect that revenues from HDSL and our other legacy products will continue to decline over time, these revenues may continue for years because of the time required for our customers to transition to newer technologies. The increase in sales of our Internetworking products for the three months ended September 30, 2014 is primarily attributable to increases in FTTP ONT sales to carriers.
The increase in sales for the nine months ended September 30, 2014 is primarily attributable to increases in sales of our Broadband Access products, Internetworking products, and Optical products, partially offset by decreases in sales of our HDSL and other legacy products. The increase in sales of our Broadband Access products for the nine months ended September 30, 2014 is primarily attributable to an increase in hiX product sales. The increase in sales of our Internetworking products for the nine months ended September 30, 2014 is primarily attributable to increases in Carrier Ethernet sales and FTTP ONT sales to carriers. The increase in sales of our Optical products for the nine months ended September 30, 2014 is primarily attributable to increased sales of Optical products for broadband access and increased sales of our OPTI-6100 products to a domestic tier 1 carrier for Ethernet services to enterprises and wireless backhaul that occurred during the first quarter. The decrease in sales of HDSL and other legacy products for the nine months ended September 30, 2014 was expected and discussed further above.
Enterprise Networks sales decreased 17.2% from $36.1 million in the three months ended September 30, 2013 to $29.9 million in the three months ended September 30, 2014, and decreased 15.5% from $108.2 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2013 to $91.4 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2014. The decrease in sales for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2014 is primarily attributable to decreases in sales of our Internetworking products and sales of our legacy products. The decrease in sales of our Internetworking products for this division was attributable to softer demand and an inventory reduction, primarily at two distribution partners. The decrease in legacy products was expected and discussed further above. Internetworking product sales attributable to Enterprise Networks were 93.4% and 94.2% of the division’s sales in the three and nine months ended September 30, 2014, compared to 93.7% in the three and nine months ended September 30, 2013. Legacy products primarily comprise the remainder of Enterprise Networks sales. Enterprise Networks sales as a percentage of total sales decreased from 20.4% and 22.4% for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2013 to 18.4% and 18.8% for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2014.
International sales, which are included in the Carrier Networks and Enterprise Networks amounts discussed above, increased 0.1% from $64.2 million in the three months ended September 30, 2013 to $64.3 million in the three months ended September 30, 2014, and increased 47.7% from $133.8 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2013 to $197.7 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2014. International sales, as a percentage of total sales, increased from 36.2% and 27.7% for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2013 to 39.5% and 40.7% for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2014. International sales increased in the three months ended September 30, 2014 compared to the three months ended September 30, 2013 primarily due to an increase in sales in Latin America, partially offset by a decrease in sales in the Asia-Pacific region. International sales increased in the nine months ended September 30, 2014 compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2013 primarily due to an increase in hiX product sales in the EMEA region and an increase in sales in Latin America, partially offset by a decrease in sales in the Asia-Pacific region.
 
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Carrier System product sales decreased $6.8 million in the three months ended September 30, 2014 compared to the three months ended September 30, 2013, and increased $23.2 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2014 compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2013. The decrease for the three months ended September 30, 2014 is primarily attributable to a $3.0 million decrease in Optical product sales, a $2.0 million decrease in Broadband Access product sales, and a $1.8 million decrease in sales of our legacy products. The increase for the nine months ended September 30, 2014 is primarily attributable to a $33.9 million increase in Broadband Access product sales, partially offset by an $11.5 million decrease in sales of our legacy products. The changes for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2014 are primarily attributable to the factors discussed above.
Business Networking product sales decreased $4.5 million and $8.0 million in the three and nine months ended September 30, 2014 compared to the three and nine months ended September 30, 2013. The decrease for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2014 is primarily due to a $4.7 million and a $7.6 million decrease, respectively, in Internetworking product sales. The decreases for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2014 are primarily attributable to the factors discussed above.
Loop Access product sales decreased $3.2 million and $11.8 million in the three and nine months ended September 30, 2014 compared to the three and nine months ended September 30, 2013. The decrease for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2014 is primarily due to a $3.1 million and an $11.1 million decrease, respectively, in HDSL product sales, which is discussed further above.
COST OF SALES
As a percentage of sales, cost of sales decreased from 53.5% in the three months ended September 30, 2013 to 52.0% in the three months ended September 30, 2014 and decreased from 51.9% in the nine months ended September 30, 2013 to 50.0% in the nine months ended September 30, 2014. The decrease for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2014 is primarily attributable to improving gross margins in our international business, partially offset by shifts in domestic customer mix and a higher services mix.
Carrier Networks cost of sales, as a percent of division sales, decreased from 55.4% in the three months ended September 30, 2013 to 53.6% in the three months ended September 30, 2014 and decreased from 53.9% in the nine months ended September 30, 2013 to 51.6% in the nine months ended September 30, 2014. The decrease for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2014 is primarily attributable to improving gross margins in our international business, partially offset by shifts in domestic customer mix and a higher services mix.
Enterprise Networks cost of sales, as a percent of division sales, decreased from 46.1% in the three months ended September 30, 2013 to 44.6% in the three months ended September 30, 2014 and decreased from 45.0% in the nine months ended September 30, 2013 to 43.4% in the nine months ended September 30, 2014. The decrease for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2014 is primarily attributable to shifts in customer mix and manufacturing cost reductions.
An important part of our strategy is to reduce the product cost of each succeeding product generation and then to lower the product’s price based on the cost savings achieved. This may cause variations in our gross profit percentage due to timing differences between the recognition of cost reductions and the lowering of product selling prices.
SELLING, GENERAL AND ADMINISTRATIVE EXPENSES
Selling, general and administrative expenses decreased 1.1% from $32.8 million in the three months ended September 30, 2013 to $32.4 million in the three months ended September 30, 2014 and increased 4.2% from $96.1 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2013 to $100.2 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2014. The decrease in selling, general and administrative expenses for the three months ended September 30, 2014 is primarily attributable to a decrease in compensation expense, partially offset by an increase in travel expenses and marketing expenses. The increase in selling, general and administrative expenses for the nine months ended September 30, 2014 is primarily attributable to increases in legal expenses, travel expenses and marketing expenses, partially offset by a decrease in compensation expense.
 
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Selling, general and administrative expenses as a percentage of sales increased from 18.5% in the three months ended September 30, 2013 to 19.9% in the three months ended September 30, 2014 and increased from 19.9% in the nine months ended September 30, 2013 to 20.6% in the nine months ended September 30, 2014. Selling, general and administrative expenses as a percentage of sales may fluctuate whenever there is a significant fluctuation in revenues for the periods being compared.
RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT EXPENSES
Research and development expenses increased 2.4% from $32.5 million in the three months ended September 30, 2013 to $33.3 million in the three months ended September 30, 2014 and increased 1.5% from $98.1 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2013 to $99.5 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2014. The increase in research and development expenses for the three months ended September 30, 2014 is primarily related to increases in compensation costs and independent contractor expense. The increase in research and development expenses for the nine months ended September 30, 2014 is primarily related to increases in compensation costs and travel expenses, partially offset by a decrease in independent contractor expense.
As a percentage of sales, research and development expenses increased from 18.3% in the three months ended September 30, 2013 to 20.5% in the three months ended September 30, 2014 and increased from 20.3% in the nine months ended September 30, 2013 to 20.5% in the nine months ended September 30, 2014. Research and development expenses as a percentage of sales will fluctuate whenever there are incremental product development activities or a significant fluctuation in revenues for the periods being compared.
We expect to continue to incur research and development expenses in connection with our new and existing products and our expansion into international markets. We continually evaluate new product opportunities and engage in intensive research and product development efforts which provides for new product development, enhancement of existing products and product cost reductions. We may incur significant research and development expenses prior to the receipt of revenues from a major new product group.
INTEREST AND DIVIDEND INCOME
Interest and dividend income decreased 37.2% from $1.6 million in the three months ended September 30, 2013 to $1.0 million in the three months ended September 30, 2014 and decreased 33.5% from $5.0 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2013 to $3.3 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2014. The decrease in interest and dividend income is primarily attributable to an $18.3 million reduction of restricted funds that serves as a collateral deposit against our taxable revenue bond during the first quarter and a reduction in the interest rate of that investment from 4.8% to 1.6% (see “Interest Expense” below for corresponding decrease in the interest rate of our taxable revenue bond). See “Liquidity and Capital Resources” below for additional information on our taxable revenue bond.
INTEREST EXPENSE
Interest expense, which is primarily related to our taxable revenue bond, decreased 74.2% from $0.6 million in the three months ended September 30, 2013 to $0.2 million in the three months ended September 30, 2014 and decreased 69.8% from $1.7 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2013 to $0.5 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2014. The decrease is primarily attributable to a $16.5 million principal payment made on our taxable revenue bond during the first quarter. In connection with this payment, we negotiated a reduction in the interest rate of that bond from 5.0% to 2.0%, and, as noted above, a reduction in the interest rate on the collateral supporting the bond. See “Liquidity and Capital Resources” below for additional information on our revenue bond.
NET REALIZED INVESTMENT GAIN
Net realized investment gain increased 53.5% from $1.8 million in the three months ended September 30, 2013 to $2.7 million in the three months ended September 30, 2014 and increased 3.9% from $6.9 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2013 to $7.2 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2014. The increase in realized investment gains for the three months ended September 30, 2014 is primarily attributable to higher gains from the sale of equity securities compared to the same period in 2013. The increase in realized investment gains for the nine months ended September 30, 2014 is primarily attributable to higher gains from the sale of equity securities during 2014. See “Investing Activities” in “Liquidity and Capital Resources” below for additional information.
 
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OTHER INCOME (EXPENSE), NET
Other income (expense), net, comprised primarily of miscellaneous income, gains and losses on foreign currency transactions, investment account management fees, scrap raw material sales, and gains and losses on the disposal of property, plant and equipment occurring in the normal course of business, changed from $22 thousand of income in the three months ended September 30, 2013 to $1.0 million of expense in the three months ended September 30, 2014. The change in the three months ended September 30, 2014 is primarily attributable to losses on foreign currency transactions during the third quarter of 2014. Other income (expense) changed from $1.5 million of expense in the nine months ended September 30, 2013 to $1.6 million of expense in the nine months ended September 30, 2014. The change in the nine months ended September 30, 2014 is primarily attributable to losses on foreign currency transactions.
INCOME TAXES
Our effective tax rate increased from 27.0% in the nine months ended September 30, 2013 to 31.5% in the nine months ended September 30, 2014. The increase in the effective tax rate between the two periods is primarily attributable to the net effect of the exclusion of a benefit for the research tax credit, which expired on December 31, 2013, partially offset by the release of a valuation allowance attributable to a foreign subsidiary in 2014.
NET INCOME
As a result of the above factors, net income decreased $4.9 million from $16.2 million in the three months ended September 30, 2013 to $11.3 million in the three months ended September 30, 2014 and increased $1.4 million from $34.0 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2013 to $35.3 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2014.
As a percentage of sales, net income decreased from 9.1% in the three months ended September 30, 2013 to 7.0% in the three months ended September 30, 2014 and increased from 7.0% in the nine months ended September 30, 2013 to 7.3% in the nine months ended September 30, 2014.
LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES
Liquidity
We intend to finance our operations with cash flow from operations. We have used, and expect to continue to use, the cash generated from operations for working capital, purchases of treasury stock, shareholder dividends, and other general corporate purposes, including (i) product development activities to enhance our existing products and develop new products and (ii) expansion of sales and marketing activities. We believe our cash and cash equivalents, investments and cash generated from operations to be adequate to meet our operating and capital needs for at least the next 12 months.
At September 30, 2014, cash on hand was $58.4 million and short-term investments were $55.6 million, which resulted in available short-term liquidity of $114.0 million. At December 31, 2013, our cash on hand of $58.3 million and short-term investments of $105.8 million resulted in available short-term liquidity of $164.1 million. The decrease in short-term liquidity from December 31, 2013 to September 30, 2014 primarily reflects funds used for equipment acquisitions, payments on long-term debt, share repurchases and dividends, partially offset by funds provided by our operating activities and stock option exercises by our employees.
Operating Activities
Our working capital, which consists of current assets less current liabilities, decreased 16.4% from $277.3 million as of December 31, 2013 to $231.8 million as of September 30, 2014. The quick ratio, defined as cash, cash equivalents, short-term investments, and net accounts receivable, divided by current liabilities, decreased from 2.44 as of December 31, 2013 to 1.82 as of September 30, 2014. The current ratio, defined as current assets divided by current liabilities, decreased from 3.71 as of December 31, 2013 to 2.98 as of September 30, 2014. The decreases in our working capital, quick ratio and current ratio are primarily attributable to a decrease in short-term investments and an increase in accrued wages and benefits and income tax payable, partially offset by an increase in accounts receivable and other receivables during the nine months ended September 30, 2014. Short-term investments were used to fund share repurchases during 2014.
 
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Net accounts receivable increased 15.8% from $85.8 million at December 31, 2013 to $99.3 million at September 30, 2014. Our allowance for doubtful accounts was $130 thousand at December 31, 2013 and $116 thousand at September 30, 2014. Quarterly accounts receivable days sales outstanding (DSO) increased from 50 days as of December 31, 2013 to 56 days as of September 30, 2014. The change in net accounts receivable and DSO is due to changes in customer mix and the timing of sales and collections during the quarter. Certain international customers can have longer payment terms than U.S. customers. Other receivables increased from $18.2 million at December 31, 2013 to $27.3 million at September 30, 2014. The increase in other receivables is primarily attributable to the timing of filing returns and collections of VAT receivables in our international subsidiaries. Other receivables will also fluctuate due to the timing of shipments and collections for materials supplied to our contract manufacturers during the quarter.
Quarterly inventory turnover increased from 3.6 turns as of December 31, 2013 to 3.8 turns as of September 30, 2014. Inventory decreased 3.6% from December 31, 2013 to September 30, 2014. We expect inventory levels to fluctuate as we attempt to maintain sufficient inventory in response to seasonal cycles of our business ensuring competitive lead times while managing the risk of inventory obsolescence that may occur due to rapidly changing technology and customer demand.
Accounts payable increased 3.5% from $48.3 million at December 31, 2013 to $50.0 million at September 30, 2014. Accounts payable will fluctuate due to variations in the timing of the receipt of supplies, inventory and services and our subsequent payments for these purchases.
Investing Activities
Capital expenditures totaled approximately $8.2 million and $6.1 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2014 and 2013, respectively. These expenditures were primarily used to purchase manufacturing and test equipment and computer software and hardware.
Our combined short-term and long-term investments decreased $60.9 million from $415.0 million at December 31, 2013 to $354.1 million at September 30, 2014. This decrease reflects the impact of our cash needs for equipment acquisitions, payments on long-term debt, share repurchases, dividends, as well as net realized and unrealized losses and amortization of net premiums on our combined investments, partially offset by additional funds available for investment provided by our operating activities and stock option exercises by our employees.
We invest all available cash not required for immediate use in operations primarily in securities that we believe bear minimal risk of loss. At September 30, 2014 these investments included corporate bonds of $102.5 million, municipal fixed-rate bonds of $150.8 million, and municipal variable rate demand notes of $18.0 million. At December 31, 2013, these investments included corporate bonds of $166.9 million, municipal fixed-rate bonds of $136.3 million, and municipal variable rate demand notes of $8.3 million. As of September 30, 2014, our corporate bonds, municipal fixed-rate bonds, and municipal variable rate demand notes were classified as available-for-sale and had a combined duration of 1.0 years with an average credit rating of AA-. Because our bond portfolio has a high quality rating and contractual maturities of a short duration, we are able to obtain prices for these bonds derived from observable market inputs, or for similar securities traded in an active market, on a daily basis.
Our long-term investments decreased 3.5% from $309.2 million at December 31, 2013 to $298.5 million at September 30, 2014. Long-term investments at September 30, 2014 and December 31, 2013 included an investment in a certificate of deposit of $30.0 million and $48.3 million, respectively, which serves as collateral for our revenue bond, as discussed below. We have various equity investments included in long-term investments at a cost of $26.5 million and $24.7 million, and with a fair value of $35.8 million and $38.5 million, at September 30, 2014 and December 31, 2013, respectively.
Long-term investments at September 30, 2014 and December 31, 2013 also included $15.5 million and $15.1 million, respectively, related to our deferred compensation plans, and $1.6 million and $1.7 million, respectively, of other investments carried at cost, consisting of interests in two private equity funds and an investment in a privately held telecommunications equipment manufacturer.
 
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We review our investment portfolio for potential “other-than-temporary” declines in value on an individual investment basis. We assess, on a quarterly basis, significant declines in value which may be considered other-than-temporary and, if necessary, recognize and record the appropriate charge to write-down the carrying value of such investments. In making this assessment, we take into consideration qualitative and quantitative information, including but not limited to the following: the magnitude and duration of historical declines in market prices, credit rating activity, assessments of liquidity, public filings, and statements made by the issuer. We generally begin our identification of potential other-than-temporary impairments by reviewing any security with a fair value that has declined from its original or adjusted cost basis by 25% or more for six or more consecutive months. We then evaluate the individual security based on the previously identified factors to determine the amount of the write-down, if any. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2014 and 2013, other-than-temporary impairment charges were not significant.
Financing Activities
Dividends
In July 2003, our Board of Directors elected to begin declaring quarterly dividends on our common stock considering the tax treatment of dividends and adequate levels of Company liquidity. During the nine months ended September 30, 2014, we paid dividends totaling $15.1 million.
Debt
We have amounts outstanding under loans made pursuant to an Alabama State Industrial Development Authority revenue bond (the Bond) which totaled $30.0 million and $46.5 million at September 30, 2014 and December 31, 2013, respectively. At September 30, 2014, the estimated fair value of the Bond was approximately $29.8 million, based on a debt security with a comparable interest rate and maturity and a Standard & Poor’s credit rating of AAA. Included in long-term investments are restricted funds in the amount of $30.0 million and $48.3 million at September 30, 2014 and December 31, 2013, which is a collateral deposit against the principal amount of the Bond. We have the right to set-off the balance of the Bond with the collateral deposit in order to reduce the balance of the indebtedness. The Bond matures on January 1, 2020, and bears interest at the rate of 2% per annum. In conjunction with this program, we are eligible to receive certain economic incentives from the state of Alabama that reduce the amount of payroll withholdings we are required to remit to the state for those employment positions that qualify under this program. We are required to make payments in the amounts necessary to pay the interest on the amounts currently outstanding. During the first quarter of 2014, we made a principal payment on the Bond of $16.5 million.
Stock Repurchase Program
Since 1997, our Board of Directors has approved multiple share repurchase programs that have authorized open market repurchase transactions of up to 40.0 million shares of our common stock. On May 14, 2014, our Board of Directors authorized the repurchase of an additional 5.0 million shares of our common stock (bringing the total shares authorized for repurchase to 45.0 million), which will commence upon completion of the repurchase plan announced May 1, 2013. This new authorization will be implemented through open market or private purchases from time to time as conditions warrant.
During the nine months ended September 30, 2014, we repurchased 2.7 million shares of our common stock at an average price of $22.68 per share. We currently have the authority to purchase an additional 5.7 million shares of our common stock under the current plans approved by the Board of Directors.
Stock Option Exercises
To accommodate employee stock option exercises, we issued 0.1 million shares of treasury stock for $2.3 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2014. During the nine months ended September 30, 2013, we issued 0.1 million shares of treasury stock for $2.3 million.
 
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Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements and Contractual Obligations
We do not have off-balance sheet financing arrangements and have not engaged in any related party transactions or arrangements with unconsolidated entities or other persons that are reasonably likely to materially affect liquidity or the availability of or requirements for capital resources. During the nine months ended September 30, 2014, the only material change in contractual obligations and commercial commitments from those discussed in our most recent Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2013 filed on February 27, 2014 with the SEC was due to a $16.5 million principal payment on our taxable revenue bond.
We have committed to invest up to an aggregate of $7.9 million in two private equity funds, and we have contributed $8.4 million as of September 30, 2014, of which $7.7 million has been applied to these commitments.
FACTORS THAT COULD AFFECT OUR FUTURE RESULTS
The following are some of the risks that could affect our financial performance or could cause actual results to differ materially from those expressed or implied in our forward-looking statements:
 
 	•	 	Our operating results may fluctuate in future periods, which may adversely affect our stock price.	
 
 	•	 	Our revenue for a particular period can be difficult to predict, and a shortfall in revenue may harm our operating results.	
 
 	•	 	General economic conditions may reduce our revenues and harm our operating results.	
 
 	•	 	Our exposure to the credit risks of our customers and distributors may make it difficult to collect accounts receivable and could adversely affect our operating results and financial condition.	
 
 	•	 	We expect gross margin to vary over time, and our level of product gross margin may not be sustainable.	
 
 	•	 	We must continue to update and improve our products and develop new products in order to compete and to keep pace with improvements in communications technology.	
 
 	•	 	Our products may not continue to comply with evolving regulations governing their sale, which may harm our business.	
 
 	•	 	Our failure or the failure of our contract manufacturers to comply with applicable environmental regulations could adversely impact our results of operations.	
 
 	•	 	If our products do not interoperate with our customers’ networks, installations may be delayed or cancelled, which could harm our business.	
 
 	•	 	The lengthy approval process required by major and other service providers for new products could result in fluctuations in our revenue.	
 
 	•	 	We engage in research and development activities to improve the application of developed technologies, and as a consequence may miss certain market opportunities enjoyed by larger companies with substantially greater research and development efforts who may focus on more leading edge development.	
 
 	•	 	We depend heavily on sales to certain customers; the loss of any of these customers would significantly reduce our revenues and net income.	
 
 	•	 	Our strategy of outsourcing a portion of our manufacturing requirements to subcontractors located in Asia or other international regions may result in us not meeting our cost, quality or performance standards.	
 
 	•	 	Our dependence on a limited number of suppliers may prevent us from delivering our products on a timely basis, which could have a material adverse effect on customer relations and operating results.	
 
 	•	 	We compete in markets that have become increasingly competitive, which may result in reduced gross profit margins and market share.	
 
 	•	 	Our estimates regarding future warranty obligations may change due to product failure rates, shipment volumes, field service obligations and other rework costs incurred in correcting product failures. If our estimates change, the liability for warranty obligations may be increased or decreased, impacting future cost of goods sold.	
 
 	•	 	Managing our inventory is complex and may include write-downs of excess or obsolete inventory.	
 
 	•	 	The continuing growth of our international operations could expose us to additional risks, increase our costs and adversely affect our operating results and financial condition.	
 
 	•	 	We may be adversely affected by fluctuations in currency exchange rates.	
 
 	•	 	Our success depends on our ability to reduce the selling prices of succeeding generations of our products.	
 
 	•	 	Breaches in our information systems could cause significant damage to our business and reputation.	
 
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 	•	 	Our failure to maintain rights to intellectual property used in our business could adversely affect the development, functionality, and commercial value of our products.	
 
 	•	 	Software under license from third parties for use in certain of our products may not continue to be available to us on commercially reasonable terms.	
 
 	•	 	We may incur liabilities or become subject to litigation that would have a material effect on our business.	
 
 	•	 	Consolidation and deterioration in the competitive service provider market could result in a significant decrease in our revenue.	
 
 	•	 	We depend on distributors who maintain inventories of our products. If the distributors reduce their inventories of these products, our sales could be adversely affected.	
 
 	•	 	If we are unable to successfully develop and maintain relationships with system integrators, service providers, and enterprise value added resellers, our sales may be negatively affected.	
 
 	•	 	If we fail to manage our exposure to worldwide financial and securities markets successfully, our operating results and financial statements could be materially impacted.	
 
 	•	 	Changes in our effective tax rate or assessments arising from tax audits may have an adverse impact on our results.	
 
 	•	 	We are required to periodically evaluate the value of our long-lived assets, including the value of intangibles acquired and goodwill resulting from business acquisitions. Any future impairment charges required may adversely affect our operating results.	
 
 	•	 	Our success depends on attracting and retaining key personnel.	
 
 	•	 	Regulatory and potential physical impacts of climate change and other natural events may affect our customers and our production operations, resulting in adverse effects on our operating results.	
 
 	•	 	While we believe our internal control over financial reporting is adequate, a failure to maintain effective internal control over financial reporting as our business expands could result in a loss of investor confidence in our financial reports and have an adverse effect on our stock price.	
 
 	•	 	The price of our common stock has been volatile and may continue to fluctuate significantly.	
The foregoing list of risks is not exclusive. For a more detailed description of the risk factors associated with our business, see Item 1A of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2013, filed on February 27, 2014 with the SEC.
 ITEM 3. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK
We are exposed to financial market risks, including changes in interest rates, foreign currency rates and prices of marketable equity and fixed-income securities. The primary objective of the large majority of our investment activities is to preserve principal while at the same time achieving appropriate yields without significantly increasing risk. To achieve this objective, a majority of our marketable securities are investment grade, municipal fixed-rate bonds, municipal variable rate demand notes and municipal money market instruments denominated in U.S. dollars. Our investment policy provides limitations for issuer concentration, which limits, at the time of purchase, the concentration in any one issuer to 5% of the market value of our total investment portfolio.
We maintain depository investments with certain financial institutions. Although these depository investments may exceed government insured depository limits, we have evaluated the credit worthiness of these financial institutions, and determined the risk of material financial loss due to exposure of such credit risk to be minimal. As of September 30, 2014, $56.6 million of our cash and cash equivalents, primarily certain domestic money market funds and foreign depository accounts, were in excess of government provided insured depository limits.
 
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As of September 30, 2014, approximately $286.2 million of our cash and investments may be directly affected by changes in interest rates. We have performed a hypothetical sensitivity analysis assuming market interest rates increase or decrease by 50 basis points (bps) for an entire year, while all other variables remain constant. At September 30, 2014, we held $119.0 million of cash and investments where a change in interest rates would impact our interest income. A hypothetical 50 bps decline in interest rates as of September 30, 2014 would reduce annualized interest income on our cash and investments by approximately $0.5 million. In addition, we held $253.3 million of fixed-rate municipal bonds and corporate bonds whose fair values may be directly affected by a change in interest rates. A hypothetical 50 bps increase in interest rates as of September 30, 2014 would reduce the fair value of our municipal fixed-rate bonds and corporate bonds by approximately $1.2 million.
As of September 30, 2013, approximately $351.4 million of our cash and investments was subject to being directly affected by changes in interest rates. We have performed a hypothetical sensitivity analysis assuming market interest rates increase or decrease by 50 bps for the entire year, while all other variables remain constant. A hypothetical 50 bps decline in interest rates as of September 30, 2013 would have reduced annualized interest income on our cash, money market instruments and municipal variable rate demand notes by approximately $0.7 million. In addition, a hypothetical 50 bps increase in interest rates as of September 30, 2013 would have reduced the fair value of our municipal fixed-rate bonds and corporate bonds by approximately $1.5 million.
We are directly exposed to changes in foreign currency exchange rates to the extent that such changes affect our revenue derived from international customers, expenses related to our foreign sales offices, and our foreign assets and liabilities. We attempt to manage these risks by primarily denominating contractual and other foreign arrangements in U.S. dollars. Our primary exposure in regard to our foreign assets and liabilities is with our German subsidiary whose functional currency is the Euro and our Australian subsidiary whose functional currency is the Australian dollar. We are indirectly exposed to changes in foreign currency exchange rates to the extent of our use of foreign contract manufacturers and foreign raw material suppliers whom we pay in U.S. dollars. As a result, changes in the local currency rates of these vendors in relation to the U.S. dollar could cause an increase in the price of products that we purchase.
We have certain customers and suppliers who are invoiced or pay in a non-functional currency. Changes in the monetary exchange rates used to invoice such customers versus the functional currency of the entity billing such customers may adversely affect our results of operations and financial condition. To manage the volatility relating to these typical business exposures, we may enter into various derivative transactions, when appropriate. We do not hold or issue derivative instruments for trading or other speculative purposes. The Riyal is the predominant currency of the customers who are billed in their local currency. Taking into account the effects of foreign currency fluctuations of the Riyal versus the Euro, a hypothetical 10% weakening of the Euro as of September 30, 2014 would provide a gain on foreign currency of approximately $0.1 million. Conversely, a hypothetical 10% strengthening of the Euro as of September 30, 2014 would provide a loss on foreign currency of approximately $0.1 million. Any gain or loss would be significantly mitigated by the forward contracts discussed in the following paragraph.
As of September 30, 2014, we had no material contracts, other than accounts receivable, accounts payable, and loans to a subsidiary, denominated in foreign currencies. As of September 30, 2014, we had forward contracts outstanding with notional amounts totaling €20.1 million ($25.4 million), which mature at various times throughout 2014. The fair value of these forward contracts was a net asset of approximately $0.1 million as of September 30, 2014.
For further information about the fair value of our available-for-sale investments and our derivative and hedging activities as of September 30, 2014, see Notes 5 and 6 of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
 
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 ITEM 4. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES
(a) Evaluation of disclosure controls and procedures. Our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer are responsible for establishing and maintaining “disclosure controls and procedures” (as defined in the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) for ADTRAN. Our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, after evaluating the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures as of the end of the period covered by this quarterly report, have concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures are effective.
(b) Changes in internal control over financial reporting. There were no changes in our internal control over financial reporting that occurred during our most recent fiscal quarter that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.
 PART II. OTHER INFORMATION
 ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS
A list of factors that could materially affect our business, financial condition or operating results is included under “Factors That Could Affect Our Future Results” in “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” contained in Item 2 of Part I of this report. There have been no material changes to the risk factors as disclosed in Item 1A of Part I of our most recent Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2013, filed on February 27, 2014 with the SEC.
 ITEM 2. UNREGISTERED SALES OF EQUITY SECURITIES AND USE OF PROCEEDS
The following table sets forth repurchases of our common stock for the months indicated:

Period	  	Total
Number of
Shares
Purchased	 	  	Average
Price
Paid per
Share	 	  	Total Number of
Shares Purchased
as Part of Publicly
Announced Plans
or Programs	 	  	Maximum Number
of Shares that May
Yet Be Purchased
Under the Plans or
Programs	 	
July 1, 2014 – July 31, 2014	  	 	—  	  	  	 	—  	  	  	 	—  	  	  	 	6,126,187	  	
August 1, 2014 – August 31, 2014	  	 	404,470	  	  	$	22.38	  	  	 	404,470	  	  	 	5,721,717	  	
September 1, 2014 – September 30, 2014	  	 	—  	  	  	 	—  	  	  	 	—  	  	  	 	5,721,717	  	
	  	 	 	 	  				  	 	 	 	  				
Total	  	 	404,470	  	  				  	 	404,470	  	  				
	  	 	 	 	  				  	 	 	 	  				
On May 14, 2014, our Board of Directors authorized the repurchase of an additional 5.0 million shares of our common stock. This new authorization will be implemented through open market or private purchases from time to time as conditions warrant.
 
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 ITEM 6. EXHIBITS
Exhibits.

Exhibit No.	  	Description	
		
  31	  	Rule 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a) Certifications	
		
  32	  	Section 1350 Certifications	
		
101.INS*	  	XBRL Instance Document	
		
101.SCH*	  	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document	
		
101.CAL*	  	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document	
		
101.LAB*	  	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Labels Linkbase Document	
		
101.PRE*	  	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document	
		
101.DEF*	  	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document	

*	Pursuant to Regulation S-T, this interactive data file is deemed not filed or part of a registration statement or prospectus for purposes of Sections 11 or 12 of the Securities Act of 1933, is deemed not filed for purposes of Section 18 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, and otherwise is not subject to liability under these sections.	
 
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 SIGNATURE
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.

	 	ADTRAN, Inc.	
	 	(Registrant)	
		
Date: November 5, 2014	 	/s/ James E. Matthews	
	 	James E. Matthews	
	 	Senior Vice President – Finance,	
	 	Chief Financial Officer, Treasurer,	
	 	Secretary and Director	
	 	(Principal Accounting Officer)	
 
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 EXHIBIT INDEX

Exhibit No.	  	Description	
		
  31	  	Rule 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a) Certifications	
		
  32	  	Section 1350 Certifications	
		
101.INS*	  	XBRL Instance Document	
		
101.SCH*	  	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document	
		
101.CAL*	  	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document	
		
101.LAB*	  	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Labels Linkbase Document	
		
101.PRE*	  	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document	
		
101.DEF*	  	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document	

*	Pursuant to Regulation S-T, this interactive data file is deemed not filed or part of a registration statement or prospectus for purposes of Sections 11 or 12 of the Securities Act of 1933, is deemed not filed for purposes of Section 18 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, and otherwise is not subject to liability under these sections.	
 
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Exhibit 31
CERTIFICATIONS
I, Thomas R. Stanton, certify that:
1. I have reviewed this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q of ADTRAN, Inc.;
2. Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;
3. Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;
4. The registrant’s other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:
(a) Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;
(b) Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;
(c) Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and
(d) Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and
5. The registrant’s other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s Board of Directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):
(a) All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and
(b) Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.
Date: November 5, 2014

/s/ Thomas R. Stanton	
Thomas R. Stanton	
Chief Executive Officer and Chairman of the Board	

CERTIFICATIONS
I, James E. Matthews, certify that:
1. I have reviewed this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q of ADTRAN, Inc.;
2. Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;
3. Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;
4. The registrant’s other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:
(a) Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;
(b) Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;
(c) Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and
(d) Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and
5. The registrant’s other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s Board of Directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):
(a) All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and
(b) Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.
Date: November 5, 2014

/s/ James E. Matthews	
James E. Matthews	
Senior Vice President – Finance,	
Chief Financial Officer, Treasurer,	
Secretary and Director	

Exhibit 32
CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO
18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350,
AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO
SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002
In connection with the Quarterly Report of ADTRAN, Inc. (the “Company”) on Form 10-Q for the quarter ending September 30, 2014 as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof (the “Report”), I, Thomas R. Stanton, Chief Executive Officer and Chairman of the Board of the Company, certify, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. §1350, as adopted pursuant to §906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that, to the best of my knowledge:
(1) The Report fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and
(2) The information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company.

/s/ Thomas R. Stanton	
Thomas R. Stanton	
Chief Executive Officer and Chairman of the Board November 5, 2014	

CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO
18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350,
AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO
SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002
In connection with the Quarterly Report of ADTRAN, Inc. (the “Company”) on Form 10-Q for the quarter ending September 30, 2014 as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof (the “Report”), I, James E. Matthews, Senior Vice President – Finance and Chief Financial Officer, Treasurer, Secretary and Director of the Company, certify, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. § 1350, as adopted pursuant to § 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that, to the best of my knowledge:
(1) The Report fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and
(2) The information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company.

/s/ James E. Matthews	
James E. Matthews	
Senior Vice President – Finance,	
Chief Financial Officer, Treasurer,	
Secretary and Director	
November 5, 2014