UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
______________
 
FORM 10-Q
 
QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF
THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
 
For the quarterly period ended March 31, 2019

HIGHWOODS PROPERTIES, INC.
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

					
 	Maryland	001-13100	56-1871668	 	
 	(State or other jurisdiction
of incorporation or organization)	(Commission
File Number)	(I.R.S. Employer
Identification Number)	 	
 
HIGHWOODS REALTY LIMITED PARTNERSHIP
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

					
 	North Carolina	000-21731	56-1869557	 	
 	(State or other jurisdiction
of incorporation or organization)	(Commission
File Number)	(I.R.S. Employer
Identification Number)	 	
 
3100 Smoketree Court, Suite 600
Raleigh, NC 27604
(Address of principal executive offices) (Zip Code)
919-872-4924
(Registrants’ telephone number, including area code)
______________
 
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.
Highwoods Properties, Inc.   Yes   x     No ¨      Highwoods Realty Limited Partnership   Yes   x     No ¨
 
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files).
Highwoods Properties, Inc.   Yes   x     No ¨      Highwoods Realty Limited Partnership   Yes   x     No ¨
 
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of 'large accelerated filer,' 'accelerated filer,' 'smaller reporting company,' and 'emerging growth company' in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.
Highwoods Properties, Inc.
Large accelerated filer x    Accelerated filer ¨    Non-accelerated filer ¨    Smaller reporting company ¨    Emerging growth company ¨
Highwoods Realty Limited Partnership
Large accelerated filer ¨    Accelerated filer ¨    Non-accelerated filer x    Smaller reporting company ¨    Emerging growth company ¨
 
If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act.
Highwoods Properties, Inc.    ¨          Highwoods Realty Limited Partnership     ¨
 
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).
Highwoods Properties, Inc.   Yes   ¨     No x      Highwoods Realty Limited Partnership   Yes   ¨     No x
 
The Company had 103,692,619 shares of Common Stock outstanding as of April 16, 2019 .

	

EXPLANATORY NOTE

We refer to Highwoods Properties, Inc. as the “Company,” Highwoods Realty Limited Partnership as the “Operating Partnership,” the Company’s common stock as “Common Stock” or “Common Shares,” the Company’s preferred stock as “Preferred Stock” or “Preferred Shares,” the Operating Partnership’s common partnership interests as “Common Units” and the Operating Partnership’s preferred partnership interests as “Preferred Units.” References to “we” and “our” mean the Company and the Operating Partnership, collectively, unless the context indicates otherwise.

The Company conducts its activities through the Operating Partnership and is its sole general partner. The partnership agreement provides that the Operating Partnership will assume and pay when due, or reimburse the Company for payment of, all costs and expenses relating to the ownership and operations of, or for the benefit of, the Operating Partnership. The partnership agreement further provides that all expenses of the Company are deemed to be incurred for the benefit of the Operating Partnership.

Certain information contained herein is presented as of April 16, 2019 , the latest practicable date for financial information prior to the filing of this Quarterly Report.

This report combines the Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q for the period ended March 31, 2019 of the Company and the Operating Partnership. We believe combining the quarterly reports into this single report results in the following benefits:

•	combined reports better reflect how management and investors view the business as a single operating unit;	

•	combined reports enhance investors' understanding of the Company and the Operating Partnership by enabling them to view the business as a whole and in the same manner as management;	

•	combined reports are more efficient for the Company and the Operating Partnership and result in savings in time, effort and expense; and	

•	combined reports are more efficient for investors by reducing duplicative disclosure and providing a single document for their review.	

To help investors understand the significant differences between the Company and the Operating Partnership, this report presents the following separate sections for each of the Company and the Operating Partnership:

•	Consolidated Financial Statements;	

•	Note 11 to Consolidated Financial Statements - Earnings Per Share and Per Unit;	

•	Item 4 - Controls and Procedures; and	

•	Item 6 - Certifications of CEO and CFO Pursuant to Sections 302 and 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act.	

HIGHWOODS PROPERTIES, INC.
HIGHWOODS REALTY LIMITED PARTNERSHIP

QUARTERLY REPORT FOR THE PERIOD ENDED MARCH 31, 2019

TABLE OF CONTENTS

	
		
 	Page	
 	 	
PART I - FINANCIAL INFORMATION	 	
ITEM 1. CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (unaudited)	3	
HIGHWOODS PROPERTIES, INC.:	 	
Consolidated Balance Sheets at March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018	3	
Consolidated Statements of Income for the Three Months Ended March 31, 2019 and 2018	4	
Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income for the Three Months Ended
March 31, 2019 and 2018	5	
Consolidated Statements of Equity for the Three Months Ended March 31, 2019 and 2018	6	
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the Three Months Ended March 31, 2019 and 2018	7	
HIGHWOODS REALTY LIMITED PARTNERSHIP:	 	
Consolidated Balance Sheets at March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018	9	
Consolidated Statements of Income for the Three Months Ended March 31, 2019 and 2018	10	
Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income for the Three Months Ended
March 31, 2019 and 2018	11	
Consolidated Statements of Capital for the Three Months Ended March 31, 2019 and 2018	12	
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the Three Months Ended March 31, 2019 and 2018	13	
CONDENSED NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS	15	
ITEM 2. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND
RESULTS OF OPERATIONS	30	
Disclosure Regarding Forward-Looking Statements	30	
Executive Summary	31	
Results of Operations	34	
Liquidity and Capital Resources	35	
Critical Accounting Estimates	38	
Non-GAAP Information	38	
ITEM 3. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK	41	
ITEM 4. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES	42	
 	 	
PART II - OTHER INFORMATION	 	
ITEM 2. UNREGISTERED SALES OF EQUITY SECURITIES AND USE OF PROCEEDS	43	
ITEM 6. EXHIBITS	43	

2

Table of Contents

PART I - FINANCIAL INFORMATION

ITEM 1. CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

HIGHWOODS PROPERTIES, INC.
Consolidated Balance Sheets
(Unaudited and in thousands, except share and per share data)

								
 	March 31,
2019	 	December 31,
2018	
Assets:	 	 	 	
Real estate assets, at cost:	 	 	 	
Land	$	491,613		 	$	491,441		
Buildings and tenant improvements	4,728,637		 	4,676,862		
Development in-process	162,076		 	165,537		
Land held for development	94,312		 	128,248		
 	5,476,638		 	5,462,088		
Less-accumulated depreciation	(1,324,447	)	 	(1,296,562	)	
Net real estate assets	4,152,191		 	4,165,526		
Real estate and other assets, net, held for sale	24,893		 	—		
Cash and cash equivalents	4,827		 	3,769		
Restricted cash	7,640		 	6,374		
Accounts receivable	30,646		 	25,952		
Mortgages and notes receivable, net of allowance of $36 and $44, respectively	1,623		 	5,599		
Accrued straight-line rents receivable	219,870		 	220,088		
Investments in and advances to unconsolidated affiliates	23,296		 	23,585		
Deferred leasing costs, net of accumulated amortization of $149,863 and $149,275, respectively	194,848		 	195,273		
Prepaid expenses and other assets, net of accumulated depreciation of $18,751 and $18,074, respectively	66,282		 	28,843		
Total Assets	$	4,726,116		 	$	4,675,009		
Liabilities, Noncontrolling Interests in the Operating Partnership and Equity:	 	 	 	
Mortgages and notes payable, net	$	2,160,594		 	$	2,085,831		
Accounts payable, accrued expenses and other liabilities	237,278		 	218,922		
Total Liabilities	2,397,872		 	2,304,753		
Commitments and contingencies		 		
Noncontrolling interests in the Operating Partnership	127,976		 	105,960		
Equity:	 	 	 	
Preferred Stock, $.01 par value, 50,000,000 authorized shares;	 	 	 	
8.625% Series A Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Shares (liquidation preference $1,000 per share), 28,859 and 28,877 shares issued and outstanding, respectively	28,859		 	28,877		
Common Stock, $.01 par value, 200,000,000 authorized shares;	 	 	 	
103,690,619 and 103,557,065 shares issued and outstanding, respectively	1,037		 	1,036		
Additional paid-in capital	2,956,517		 	2,976,197		
Distributions in excess of net income available for common stockholders	(811,223	)	 	(769,303	)	
Accumulated other comprehensive income	7,494		 	9,913		
Total Stockholders’ Equity	2,182,684		 	2,246,720		
Noncontrolling interests in consolidated affiliates	17,584		 	17,576		
Total Equity	2,200,268		 	2,264,296		
Total Liabilities, Noncontrolling Interests in the Operating Partnership and Equity	$	4,726,116		 	$	4,675,009		
 
See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.

3

Table of Contents

HIGHWOODS PROPERTIES, INC.
Consolidated Statements of Income
(Unaudited and in thousands, except per share amounts)

								
 	Three Months Ended
March 31,	
 	2019	 	2018	
Rental and other revenues	$	172,363		 	$	180,438		
Operating expenses:	 	 	 	
Rental property and other expenses	60,551		 	59,432		
Depreciation and amortization	69,204		 	57,568		
General and administrative	12,381		 	11,778		
Total operating expenses	142,136		 	128,778		
Interest expense	18,739		 	18,391		
Other income/(loss)	(3,766	)	 	455		
Equity in earnings of unconsolidated affiliates	664		 	522		
Net income	8,386		 	34,246		
Net (income) attributable to noncontrolling interests in the Operating Partnership	(193	)	 	(888	)	
Net (income) attributable to noncontrolling interests in consolidated affiliates	(316	)	 	(286	)	
Dividends on Preferred Stock	(622	)	 	(623	)	
Net income available for common stockholders	$	7,255			$	32,449		
Earnings per Common Share – basic:	 	 	 	
Net income available for common stockholders	$	0.07		 	$	0.31		
Weighted average Common Shares outstanding – basic	103,600		 	103,324		
Earnings per Common Share – diluted:	 	 	 	
Net income available for common stockholders	$	0.07		 	$	0.31		
Weighted average Common Shares outstanding – diluted	106,357		 	106,165		
 
See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.

4

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HIGHWOODS PROPERTIES, INC.
Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income
(Unaudited and in thousands)

								
 	Three Months Ended
March 31,	
 	2019	 	2018	
Comprehensive income:	 	 	 	
Net income	$	8,386		 	$	34,246		
Other comprehensive income/(loss):	 	 	 	
Unrealized gains/(losses) on cash flow hedges	(1,904	)	 	7,877		
Amortization of cash flow hedges	(515	)	 	(106	)	
Total other comprehensive income/(loss)	(2,419	)	 	7,771		
Total comprehensive income	5,967		 	42,017		
Less-comprehensive (income) attributable to noncontrolling interests	(509	)	 	(1,174	)	
Comprehensive income attributable to common stockholders	$	5,458		 	$	40,843		
 
See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.

5

Table of Contents

HIGHWOODS PROPERTIES, INC.
Consolidated Statements of Equity
(Unaudited and in thousands, except share amounts)

	
																															
 	Number of Common Shares	 	Common Stock	 	Series A Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Shares	 	Additional Paid-In Capital	 	Accumulated Other Compre-hensive Income	 	Non-controlling Interests in Consolidated Affiliates	 	Distributions in Excess of Net Income Available for Common Stockholders	 	Total	
Balance at December 31, 2018	103,557,065		 	$	1,036		 	$	28,877		 	$	2,976,197		 	$	9,913		 	$	17,576		 	$	(769,303	)	 	$	2,264,296		
Issuances of Common Stock, net of issuance costs and tax withholdings	(33,377	)	 	—		 	—		 	(1,128	)	 	—		 	—		 	—		 	(1,128	)	
Conversions of Common Units to Common Stock	3,000		 	—		 	—		 	131		 	—		 	—		 	—		 	131		
Dividends on Common Stock ($0.475 per share)			 	—		 	—		 	—		 	—		 	—		 	(49,175	)	 	(49,175	)	
Dividends on Preferred Stock ($21.5625 per share)			 	—		 	—		 	—		 	—		 	—		 	(622	)	 	(622	)	
Adjustment of noncontrolling interests in the Operating Partnership to fair value			 	—		 	—		 	(23,254	)	 	—		 	—		 	—		 	(23,254	)	
Distributions to noncontrolling interests in consolidated affiliates			 	—		 	—		 	—		 	—		 	(308	)	 	—		 	(308	)	
Issuances of restricted stock	164,190		 	—		 	—		 	—		 	—		 	—		 	—		 	—		
Redemptions/repurchases of Preferred Stock	 	 	—		 	(18	)	 	—		 	—		 	—		 	—		 	(18	)	
Share-based compensation expense, net of forfeitures	(259	)	 	1		 	—		 	4,571		 	—		 	—		 	—		 	4,572		
Net (income) attributable to noncontrolling interests in the Operating Partnership			 	—		 	—		 	—		 	—		 	—		 	(193	)	 	(193	)	
Net (income) attributable to noncontrolling interests in consolidated affiliates			 	—		 	—		 	—		 	—		 	316		 	(316	)	 	—		
Comprehensive income:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Net income			 	—		 	—		 	—		 	—		 	—		 	8,386		 	8,386		
Other comprehensive loss			 	—		 	—		 	—		 	(2,419	)	 	—		 	—		 	(2,419	)	
Total comprehensive income	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	5,967		
Balance at March 31, 2019	103,690,619		 	$	1,037		 	$	28,859		 	$	2,956,517		 	$	7,494		 	$	17,584		 	$	(811,223	)	 	$	2,200,268		

	
																															
 	Number of Common Shares	 	Common Stock	 	Series A Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Shares	 	Additional Paid-In Capital	 	Accumulated Other Compre-hensive Income	 	Non-controlling Interests in Consolidated Affiliates	 	Distributions in Excess of Net Income Available for Common Stockholders	 	Total	
Balance at December 31, 2017	103,266,875		 	$	1,033		 	$	28,892		 	$	2,929,399		 	$	7,838		 	$	17,416		 	$	(747,344	)	 	$	2,237,234		
Issuances of Common Stock, net of issuance costs and tax withholdings	(36,757	)	 	—		 	—		 	(1,029	)	 	—		 	—		 	—		 	(1,029	)	
Conversions of Common Units to Common Stock	19,196		 	—		 	—		 	902		 	—		 	—		 	—		 	902		
Dividends on Common Stock ($0.4625 per share)		 	—		 	—		 	—		 	—		 	—		 	(47,747	)	 	(47,747	)	
Dividends on Preferred Stock ($21.5625 per share)		 	—		 	—		 	—		 	—		 	—		 	(623	)	 	(623	)	
Adjustment of noncontrolling interests in the Operating Partnership to fair value		 	—		 	—		 	19,582		 	—		 	—		 	—		 	19,582		
Distributions to noncontrolling interests in consolidated affiliates		 	—		 	—		 	—		 	—		 	(238	)	 	—		 	(238	)	
Issuances of restricted stock	172,440		 	—		 	—		 	—		 	—		 	—		 	—		 	—		
Redemptions/repurchases of Preferred Stock		 	—		 	(5	)	 	—		 	—		 	—		 	—		 	(5	)	
Share-based compensation expense, net of forfeitures	—		 	1		 	—		 	4,294		 	—		 	—		 	—		 	4,295		
Net (income) attributable to noncontrolling interests in the Operating Partnership		 	—		 	—		 	—		 	—		 	—		 	(888	)	 	(888	)	
Net (income) attributable to noncontrolling interests in consolidated affiliates		 	—		 	—		 	—		 	—		 	286		 	(286	)	 	—		
Comprehensive income:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Net income		 	—		 	—		 	—		 	—		 	—		 	34,246		 	34,246		
Other comprehensive income		 	—		 	—		 	—		 	7,771		 	—		 	—		 	7,771		
Total comprehensive income	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	42,017		
Balance at March 31, 2018	103,421,754		 	$	1,034		 	$	28,887		 	$	2,953,148		 	$	15,609		 	$	17,464		 	$	(762,642	)	 	$	2,253,500		
 
See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.

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Table of Contents

HIGHWOODS PROPERTIES, INC.
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows
(Unaudited and in thousands)

								
 	Three Months Ended
March 31,	
 	2019	 	2018	
Operating activities:	 	 	 	
Net income	$	8,386		 	$	34,246		
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:	 	 	 	
Depreciation and amortization	69,204		 	57,568		
Amortization of lease incentives and acquisition-related intangible assets and liabilities	1,689		 	(509	)	
Share-based compensation expense	4,572		 	4,295		
Credit losses on operating lease receivables	7,315		 	227		
Write-off of mortgages and notes receivable	4,087		 	—		
Accrued interest on mortgages and notes receivable	(85	)	 	(112	)	
Amortization of debt issuance costs	736		 	686		
Amortization of cash flow hedges	(515	)	 	(106	)	
Amortization of mortgages and notes payable fair value adjustments	385		 	317		
Losses on debt extinguishment	375		 	—		
Equity in earnings of unconsolidated affiliates	(664	)	 	(522	)	
Distributions of earnings from unconsolidated affiliates	609		 	881		
Settlement of cash flow hedges	(5,144	)	 	7,216		
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:	 	 	 	
Accounts receivable	(2,583	)	 	3,288		
Prepaid expenses and other assets	(6,953	)	 	(7,692	)	
Accrued straight-line rents receivable	(6,903	)	 	(6,619	)	
Accounts payable, accrued expenses and other liabilities	(11,798	)	 	(14,636	)	
Net cash provided by operating activities	62,713		 	78,528		
Investing activities:	 	 	 	
Investments in acquired real estate and related intangible assets, net of cash acquired	—		 	(50,649	)	
Investments in development in-process	(28,555	)	 	(42,438	)	
Investments in tenant improvements and deferred leasing costs	(38,544	)	 	(33,071	)	
Investments in building improvements	(12,517	)	 	(19,293	)	
Distributions of capital from unconsolidated affiliates	29		 	105		
Repayments of mortgages and notes receivable	74		 	379		
Changes in other investing activities	(1,989	)	 	(586	)	
Net cash used in investing activities	(81,502	)	 	(145,553	)	
Financing activities:	 	 	 	
Dividends on Common Stock	(49,175	)	 	(47,747	)	
Redemptions/repurchases of Preferred Stock	(18	)	 	(5	)	
Dividends on Preferred Stock	(622	)	 	(623	)	
Distributions to noncontrolling interests in the Operating Partnership	(1,300	)	 	(1,300	)	
Distributions to noncontrolling interests in consolidated affiliates	(308	)	 	(238	)	
Proceeds from the issuance of Common Stock	652		 	561		
Costs paid for the issuance of Common Stock	—		 	(46	)	
Repurchase of shares related to tax withholdings	(1,780	)	 	(1,544	)	
Borrowings on revolving credit facility	98,300		 	32,000		
Repayments of revolving credit facility	(145,300	)	 	(277,000	)	
Borrowings on mortgages and notes payable	349,010		 	345,863		
Repayments of mortgages and notes payable	(225,462	)	 	(444	)	
Changes in debt issuance costs and other financing activities	(2,884	)	 	(2,903	)	
Net cash provided by financing activities	21,113		 	46,574		
Net increase/(decrease) in cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash	$	2,324		 	$	(20,451	)	
 
See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.

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HIGHWOODS PROPERTIES, INC.
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows – Continued
(Unaudited and in thousands)

	
								
 	Three Months Ended
March 31,	
 	2019	 	2018	
Net increase/(decrease) in cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash	$	2,324		 	$	(20,451	)	
Cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash at beginning of the period	10,143		 	88,333		
Cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash at end of the period	$	12,467		 	$	67,882		

Reconciliation of cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash:

	
								
 	Three Months Ended
March 31,	
 	2019	 	2018	
Cash and cash equivalents at end of the period	$	4,827		 	$	31,034		
Restricted cash at end of the period	7,640		 	36,848		
Cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash at end of the period	$	12,467		 	$	67,882		

Supplemental disclosure of cash flow information:

	
								
 	Three Months Ended
March 31,	
 	2019	 	2018	
Cash paid for interest, net of amounts capitalized	$	23,924		 	$	15,986		

Supplemental disclosure of non-cash investing and financing activities:

	
								
 	Three Months Ended
March 31,	
 	2019	 	2018	
Unrealized gains/(losses) on cash flow hedges	$	(1,904	)	 	$	7,877		
Conversions of Common Units to Common Stock	131		 	902		
Changes in accrued capital expenditures	(119	)	 	(7,333	)	
Write-off of fully depreciated real estate assets	23,880		 	10,511		
Write-off of fully amortized leasing costs	12,671		 	7,112		
Write-off of fully amortized debt issuance costs	828		 	—		
Adjustment of noncontrolling interests in the Operating Partnership to fair value	23,254		 	(19,582	)	
Initial recognition of lease liabilities related to right of use assets	35,349		 	—		
 
See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.

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Table of Contents

HIGHWOODS REALTY LIMITED PARTNERSHIP
Consolidated Balance Sheets
(Unaudited and in thousands, except unit and per unit data)

								
 	March 31,
2019	 	December 31,
2018	
Assets:	 	 	 	
Real estate assets, at cost:	 	 	 	
Land	$	491,613		 	$	491,441		
Buildings and tenant improvements	4,728,637		 	4,676,862		
Development in-process	162,076		 	165,537		
Land held for development	94,312		 	128,248		
 	5,476,638		 	5,462,088		
Less-accumulated depreciation	(1,324,447	)	 	(1,296,562	)	
Net real estate assets	4,152,191		 	4,165,526		
Real estate and other assets, net, held for sale	24,893		 	—		
Cash and cash equivalents	4,827		 	3,769		
Restricted cash	7,640		 	6,374		
Accounts receivable	30,646		 	25,952		
Mortgages and notes receivable, net of allowance of $36 and $44, respectively	1,623		 	5,599		
Accrued straight-line rents receivable	219,870		 	220,088		
Investments in and advances to unconsolidated affiliates	23,296		 	23,585		
Deferred leasing costs, net of accumulated amortization of $149,863 and $149,275, respectively	194,848		 	195,273		
Prepaid expenses and other assets, net of accumulated depreciation of $18,751 and $18,074, respectively	66,282		 	28,843		
Total Assets	$	4,726,116		 	$	4,675,009		
Liabilities, Redeemable Operating Partnership Units and Capital:	 	 	 	
Mortgages and notes payable, net	$	2,160,594		 	$	2,085,831		
Accounts payable, accrued expenses and other liabilities	237,278		 	218,922		
Total Liabilities	2,397,872		 	2,304,753		
Commitments and contingencies		 		
Redeemable Operating Partnership Units:	 	 	 	
Common Units, 2,735,703 and 2,738,703 outstanding, respectively	127,976		 	105,960		
Series A Preferred Units (liquidation preference $1,000 per unit), 28,859 and 28,877 units issued and outstanding, respectively	28,859		 	28,877		
Total Redeemable Operating Partnership Units	156,835		 	134,837		
Capital:	 	 	 	
Common Units:	 	 	 	
General partner Common Units, 1,060,175 and 1,058,870 outstanding, respectively	21,463		 	22,078		
Limited partner Common Units, 102,221,635 and 102,089,386 outstanding, respectively	2,124,868		 	2,185,852		
Accumulated other comprehensive income	7,494		 	9,913		
Noncontrolling interests in consolidated affiliates	17,584		 	17,576		
Total Capital	2,171,409		 	2,235,419		
Total Liabilities, Redeemable Operating Partnership Units and Capital	$	4,726,116		 	$	4,675,009		
 
See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.

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HIGHWOODS REALTY LIMITED PARTNERSHIP
Consolidated Statements of Income
(Unaudited and in thousands, except per unit amounts)

								
 	Three Months Ended
March 31,	
 	2019	 	2018	
Rental and other revenues	$	172,363		 	$	180,438		
Operating expenses:	 	 	 	
Rental property and other expenses	60,551		 	59,432		
Depreciation and amortization	69,204		 	57,568		
General and administrative	12,381		 	11,778		
Total operating expenses	142,136		 	128,778		
Interest expense	18,739		 	18,391		
Other income/(loss)	(3,766	)	 	455		
Equity in earnings of unconsolidated affiliates	664		 	522		
Net income	8,386		 	34,246		
Net (income) attributable to noncontrolling interests in consolidated affiliates	(316	)	 	(286	)	
Distributions on Preferred Units	(622	)	 	(623	)	
Net income available for common unitholders	$	7,448		 	$	33,337		
Earnings per Common Unit – basic:	 	 	 	
Net income available for common unitholders	$	0.07		 	$	0.32		
Weighted average Common Units outstanding – basic	105,928		 	105,730		
Earnings per Common Unit – diluted:	 	 	 	
Net income available for common unitholders	$	0.07		 	$	0.32		
Weighted average Common Units outstanding – diluted	105,948		 	105,756		
 
See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.

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HIGHWOODS REALTY LIMITED PARTNERSHIP
Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income
(Unaudited and in thousands)

								
 	Three Months Ended
March 31,	
 	2019	 	2018	
Comprehensive income:	 	 	 	
Net income	$	8,386		 	$	34,246		
Other comprehensive income/(loss):	 	 	 	
Unrealized gains/(losses) on cash flow hedges	(1,904	)	 	7,877		
Amortization of cash flow hedges	(515	)	 	(106	)	
Total other comprehensive income/(loss)	(2,419	)	 	7,771		
Total comprehensive income	5,967		 	42,017		
Less-comprehensive (income) attributable to noncontrolling interests	(316	)	 	(286	)	
Comprehensive income attributable to common unitholders	$	5,651		 	$	41,731		
 
See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.

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HIGHWOODS REALTY LIMITED PARTNERSHIP
Consolidated Statements of Capital
(Unaudited and in thousands)

	
																				
 	Common Units	 	Accumulated
Other
Comprehensive Income	 	Noncontrolling
Interests in
Consolidated
Affiliates	 	Total	
 	General
Partners’
Capital	 	Limited
Partners’
Capital	 						
Balance at December 31, 2018	$	22,078		 	$	2,185,852		 	$	9,913		 	$	17,576		 	$	2,235,419		
Issuances of Common Units, net of issuance costs and tax withholdings	(11	)	 	(1,117	)	 	—		 	—		 	(1,128	)	
Distributions on Common Units ($0.475 per unit)	(503	)	 	(49,778	)	 	—		 	—		 	(50,281	)	
Distributions on Preferred Units ($21.5625 per unit)	(6	)	 	(616	)	 	—		 	—		 	(622	)	
Share-based compensation expense, net of forfeitures	46		 	4,526		 	—		 	—		 	4,572		
Distributions to noncontrolling interests in consolidated affiliates	—		 	—		 	—		 	(308	)	 	(308	)	
Adjustment of Redeemable Common Units to fair value and contributions/distributions from/to the General Partner	(222	)	 	(21,988	)	 	—		 	—		 	(22,210	)	
Net (income) attributable to noncontrolling interests in consolidated affiliates	(3	)	 	(313	)	 	—		 	316		 	—		
Comprehensive income:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Net income	84		 	8,302		 	—		 	—		 	8,386		
Other comprehensive loss	—		 	—		 	(2,419	)	 	—		 	(2,419	)	
Total comprehensive income	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	5,967		
Balance at March 31, 2019	$	21,463		 	$	2,124,868		 	$	7,494		 	$	17,584		 	$	2,171,409		

	
																				
 	Common Units	 	Accumulated
Other
Comprehensive Income	 	Noncontrolling
Interests in
Consolidated
Affiliates	 	Total	
 	General
Partners’
Capital	 	Limited
Partners’
Capital	 						
Balance at December 31, 2017	$	21,830		 	$	2,161,258		 	$	7,838		 	$	17,416		 	$	2,208,342		
Issuances of Common Units, net of issuance costs and tax withholdings	(10	)	 	(1,019	)	 	—		 	—		 	(1,029	)	
Distributions on Common Units ($0.4625 per unit)	(488	)	 	(48,370	)	 	—		 	—		 	(48,858	)	
Distributions on Preferred Units ($21.5625 per unit)	(6	)	 	(617	)	 	—		 	—		 	(623	)	
Share-based compensation expense, net of forfeitures	43		 	4,252		 	—		 	—		 	4,295		
Distributions to noncontrolling interests in consolidated affiliates	—		 	—		 	—		 	(238	)	 	(238	)	
Adjustment of Redeemable Common Units to fair value and contributions/distributions from/to the General Partner	207		 	20,500		 	—		 	—		 	20,707		
Net (income) attributable to noncontrolling interests in consolidated affiliates	(3	)	 	(283	)	 	—		 	286		 	—		
Comprehensive income:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Net income	342		 	33,904		 	—		 	—		 	34,246		
Other comprehensive income	—		 	—		 	7,771		 	—		 	7,771		
Total comprehensive income	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	42,017		
Balance at March 31, 2018	$	21,915		 	$	2,169,625		 	$	15,609		 	$	17,464		 	$	2,224,613		
 
See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.

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HIGHWOODS REALTY LIMITED PARTNERSHIP
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows
(Unaudited and in thousands)

								
 	Three Months Ended
March 31,	
 	2019	 	2018	
Operating activities:	 	 	 	
Net income	$	8,386		 	$	34,246		
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:	 	 	 	
Depreciation and amortization	69,204		 	57,568		
Amortization of lease incentives and acquisition-related intangible assets and liabilities	1,689		 	(509	)	
Share-based compensation expense	4,572		 	4,295		
Credit losses on operating lease receivables	7,315		 	227		
Write-off of mortgages and notes receivable	4,087		 	—		
Accrued interest on mortgages and notes receivable	(85	)	 	(112	)	
Amortization of debt issuance costs	736		 	686		
Amortization of cash flow hedges	(515	)	 	(106	)	
Amortization of mortgages and notes payable fair value adjustments	385		 	317		
Losses on debt extinguishment	375		 	—		
Equity in earnings of unconsolidated affiliates	(664	)	 	(522	)	
Distributions of earnings from unconsolidated affiliates	609		 	881		
Settlement of cash flow hedges	(5,144	)	 	7,216		
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:	 	 	 	
Accounts receivable	(2,583	)	 	3,288		
Prepaid expenses and other assets	(6,953	)	 	(7,692	)	
Accrued straight-line rents receivable	(6,903	)	 	(6,619	)	
Accounts payable, accrued expenses and other liabilities	(11,798	)	 	(14,636	)	
Net cash provided by operating activities	62,713		 	78,528		
Investing activities:	 	 	 	
Investments in acquired real estate and related intangible assets, net of cash acquired	—		 	(50,649	)	
Investments in development in-process	(28,555	)	 	(42,438	)	
Investments in tenant improvements and deferred leasing costs	(38,544	)	 	(33,071	)	
Investments in building improvements	(12,517	)	 	(19,293	)	
Distributions of capital from unconsolidated affiliates	29		 	105		
Repayments of mortgages and notes receivable	74		 	379		
Changes in other investing activities	(1,989	)	 	(586	)	
Net cash used in investing activities	(81,502	)	 	(145,553	)	
Financing activities:	 	 	 	
Distributions on Common Units	(50,281	)	 	(48,858	)	
Redemptions/repurchases of Preferred Units	(18	)	 	(5	)	
Distributions on Preferred Units	(622	)	 	(623	)	
Distributions to noncontrolling interests in consolidated affiliates	(308	)	 	(238	)	
Proceeds from the issuance of Common Units	652		 	561		
Costs paid for the issuance of Common Units	—		 	(46	)	
Repurchase of units related to tax withholdings	(1,780	)	 	(1,544	)	
Borrowings on revolving credit facility	98,300		 	32,000		
Repayments of revolving credit facility	(145,300	)	 	(277,000	)	
Borrowings on mortgages and notes payable	349,010		 	345,863		
Repayments of mortgages and notes payable	(225,462	)	 	(444	)	
Changes in debt issuance costs and other financing activities	(3,078	)	 	(3,092	)	
Net cash provided by financing activities	21,113		 	46,574		
Net increase/(decrease) in cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash	$	2,324		 	$	(20,451	)	
 
See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.

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HIGHWOODS REALTY LIMITED PARTNERSHIP
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows - Continued
(Unaudited and in thousands)

	
								
 	Three Months Ended
March 31,	
 	2019	 	2018	
Net increase/(decrease) in cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash	$	2,324		 	$	(20,451	)	
Cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash at beginning of the period	10,143		 	88,333		
Cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash at end of the period	$	12,467		 	$	67,882		

Reconciliation of cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash:

	
								
 	Three Months Ended
March 31,	
 	2019	 	2018	
Cash and cash equivalents at end of the period	$	4,827		 	$	31,034		
Restricted cash at end of the period	7,640		 	36,848		
Cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash at end of the period	$	12,467		 	$	67,882		

Supplemental disclosure of cash flow information:

	
								
 	Three Months Ended
March 31,	
 	2019	 	2018	
Cash paid for interest, net of amounts capitalized	$	23,924		 	$	15,986		

Supplemental disclosure of non-cash investing and financing activities:

	
								
 	Three Months Ended
March 31,	
 	2019	 	2018	
Unrealized gains/(losses) on cash flow hedges	$	(1,904	)	 	$	7,877		
Changes in accrued capital expenditures	(119	)	 	(7,333	)	
Write-off of fully depreciated real estate assets	23,880		 	10,511		
Write-off of fully amortized leasing costs	12,671		 	7,112		
Write-off of fully amortized debt issuance costs	828		 	—		
Adjustment of Redeemable Common Units to fair value	22,016		 	(20,896	)	
Initial recognition of lease liabilities related to right of use assets	35,349		 	—		
 
See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.

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HIGHWOODS PROPERTIES, INC.
HIGHWOODS REALTY LIMITED PARTNERSHIP
CONDENSED NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
March 31, 2019
(tabular dollar amounts in thousands, except per share and per unit data)
(Unaudited)

1.    Description of Business and Significant Accounting Policies

Description of Business
 
Highwoods Properties, Inc. (the “Company”) is a fully integrated real estate investment trust (“REIT”) that provides leasing, management, development, construction and other customer-related services for its properties and for third parties. The Company conducts its activities through Highwoods Realty Limited Partnership (the “Operating Partnership”). At March 31, 2019 , we owned or had an interest in 30.7 million rentable square feet of in-service properties, 1.6 million rentable square feet of office properties under development and approximately 350 acres of development land.
 
The Company is the sole general partner of the Operating Partnership. At March 31, 2019 , the Company owned all of the Preferred Units and 103.3 million , or 97.4% , of the Common Units in the Operating Partnership. Limited partners owned the remaining 2.7 million Common Units. During the three months ended March 31, 2019 , the Company redeemed 3,000 Common Units for a like number of shares of Common Stock.
 
Basis of Presentation
 
Our Consolidated Financial Statements are prepared in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”).
 
The Company's Consolidated Financial Statements include the Operating Partnership, wholly owned subsidiaries and those entities in which the Company has the controlling interest. The Operating Partnership's Consolidated Financial Statements include wholly owned subsidiaries and those entities in which the Operating Partnership has the controlling interest. All intercompany transactions and accounts have been eliminated.
 
The unaudited interim consolidated financial statements and accompanying unaudited consolidated financial information, in the opinion of management, contain all adjustments (including normal recurring accruals) necessary for a fair presentation of our financial position, results of operations and cash flows. We have condensed or omitted certain notes and other information from the interim Consolidated Financial Statements presented in this Quarterly Report as permitted by SEC rules and regulations. These Consolidated Financial Statements should be read in conjunction with our 2018 Annual Report on Form 10-K.
 
Certain amounts within the Consolidated Statements of Income for the three months ended March 31, 2018 were removed and/or combined to conform to the current year presentation.
 
Use of Estimates
 
The preparation of consolidated financial statements in accordance with GAAP requires us to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in our Consolidated Financial Statements and accompanying notes. Actual results could differ from those estimates.
 
Real Estate and Related Assets
 
Real estate and related assets are recorded at cost and stated at cost less accumulated depreciation. Renovations, replacements and other expenditures that improve or extend the life of assets are capitalized and depreciated over their estimated useful lives. Expenditures for ordinary maintenance and repairs are charged to expense as incurred. Depreciation is computed using the straight-line method over the estimated useful life of 40 years for buildings and depreciable land infrastructure costs, 15 years for building improvements and five to seven years for furniture, fixtures and equipment. Tenant improvements are amortized using the straight-line method over initial fixed terms of the respective leases, which generally are from three to 10 years. Depreciation expense for real estate assets was $58.3 million and $47.5 million for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018 , respectively.
 
Leases
 
See Note 2 for policies and related disclosures with respect to our leases as both a lessee and lessor.

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Insurance
 
We are primarily self-insured for health care claims for participating employees. We have stop-loss coverage to limit our exposure to significant claims on a per claim and annual aggregate basis. We determine our liabilities for claims, including incurred but not reported losses, based on all relevant information, including actuarial estimates of claim liabilities. At March 31, 2019 , a reserve of $0.6 million was recorded to cover estimated reported and unreported claims.
 
Other Events
 
During the first quarter of 2019, Laser Spine Institute, which leased a 176,000 square foot building with structured parking in Tampa’s Westshore submarket, suddenly ceased operations. As a result of this sudden closure, we incurred $5.6 million of credit losses on operating lease receivables and $2.3 million of write-offs of lease incentives (in rental and other revenues), $4.1 million of write-offs of notes receivable (in other income/(loss)) and $11.6 million of write-offs of tenant improvements and deferred leasing costs (in depreciation and amortization).
 
Recently Issued Accounting Standards
 
The Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued an accounting standards update (“ASU”) that eliminates the requirement to separately measure and report hedge ineffectiveness and generally requires the entire change in the fair value of a hedging instrument to be presented in the same income statement line as the hedged item when the hedged item affects earnings. We adopted the ASU as of January 1, 2019 with no material effect on our Consolidated Financial Statements.
 
The FASB issued an ASU that changes certain disclosure requirements for fair value measurements. The ASU is required to be adopted in 2020 and applied prospectively. We do not expect such adoption to have a material effect on our Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

2.	Leases	
 
On January 1, 2019, we adopted Accounting Standards Codification Topic 842 “Leases” (“ASC 842”), which supersedes Accounting Standards Codification Topic 840 “Leases” (“ASC 840”). Information in this Note 2 with respect to our leases and lease related costs as both lessee and lessor and lease related receivables as lessor is presented under ASC 842 as of and for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and under ASC 840 as of and for the year ended December 31, 2018 .
 
We adopted ASC 842 using the modified retrospective approach whereby the cumulative effect of adoption was recognized on the adoption date and prior periods were not restated. There was no net cumulative effect adjustment to retained earnings as of January 1, 2019 as a result of this adoption. ASC 842 sets out the principles for the recognition, measurement, presentation and disclosure of leases for both lessees and lessors. We operate as both a lessor and a lessee. As a lessor, we are required under ASC 842 to account for leases using an approach that is substantially equivalent to ASC 840's guidance for operating leases and other leases such as sales-type leases and direct financing leases. In addition, ASC 842 requires lessors to capitalize and amortize only incremental direct leasing costs. As a lessee, we are required under the new standard to apply a dual approach, classifying leases, such as ground leases, as either finance or operating leases based on the principle of whether or not the lease is effectively a financed purchase. This classification determines whether lease expense is recognized based on an effective interest method or on a straight-line basis over the term of the lease. ASC 842 also requires lessees to record a right of use asset and a lease liability for all leases with a term of greater than a year regardless of their classification. We have also elected the practical expedient not to recognize right of use assets and lease liabilities for leases with a term of a year or less.
 
On adoption of the standard, we elected the package of practical expedients provided for in ASC 842, including:

•	No reassessment of whether any expired or existing contracts were or contained leases;	

•	No reassessment of the lease classification for any expired or existing leases; and	

•	No reassessment of initial direct costs for any existing leases.	
 
The package of practical expedients was made as a single election and was consistently applied to all existing leases as of January 1, 2019. We also elected the practical expedient provided to lessors in a subsequent amendment to ASC 842 that removed the requirement to separate lease and nonlease components, provided certain conditions were met.
 
Information as Lessor Under ASC 842
 
To generate positive cash flow, as a lessor, we lease our office properties to lessees in exchange for fixed monthly payments that cover rent, property taxes, insurance and certain cost recoveries, primarily common area maintenance (“CAM”). Office

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properties owned by us that are under lease are located in Atlanta, Greensboro, Memphis, Nashville, Orlando, Pittsburgh, Raleigh, Richmond and Tampa and are leased to a wide variety of lessees across many industries. Our leases were determined to be operating leases and generally range from three to 10 years. Payments from customers for CAM are considered nonlease components that are separated from lease components and are generally accounted for in accordance with the revenue recognition standard. However, we qualified for and elected the practical expedient related to combining the components because the lease component is classified as an operating lease and the timing and pattern of transfer of CAM income, which is not the predominant component, is the same as the lease component. As such, consideration for CAM is accounted for as part of the overall consideration in the lease. Payments from customers for property taxes and insurance are considered noncomponents of the lease and therefore no consideration is allocated to them because they do not transfer a good or service to the customer. Fixed contractual payments from our leases are recognized on a straight-line basis over the terms of the respective leases. This means that, with respect to a particular lease, actual amounts billed in accordance with the lease during any given period may be higher or lower than the amount of rental revenue recognized for the period. Straight-line rental revenue is commenced when the customer assumes control of the leased premises. Accrued straight-line rents receivable represents the amount by which straight-line rental revenue exceeds rents currently billed in accordance with lease agreements.
 
Some of our leases are subject to annual changes in the Consumer Price Index (“CPI”). Although increases in the CPI are not estimated as part of our measurement of straight-line rental revenue, to the extent that actual CPI is greater or less than the CPI at lease commencement, the amount of straight-line rent recognized in a given year is affected accordingly.
 
Some of our leases have termination options and/or extension options. Termination options allow the customer to terminate the lease prior to the end of the lease term under certain circumstances. Termination options generally become effective half way or further into the original lease term and require advance notification from the customer and payment of a termination fee that reimburses us for a portion of the remaining rent under the original lease term and the undepreciated lease inception costs such as commissions, tenant improvements and lease incentives. Termination fee income is recognized at the later of when the customer has vacated the space or the lease has expired and a fully executed lease termination agreement has been delivered, the amount of the fee is determinable and collectability of the fee is reasonably assured. Our extension options generally require a re-negotiation with the customer at market rates.
 
Initial direct costs, primarily commissions, related to the leasing of our office properties are included in deferred leasing costs and are stated at amortized cost. Such expenditures are part of the investment necessary to execute leases and, therefore, are classified as investment activities in the statement of cash flows. All leasing commissions paid to third parties and our in-house personnel for new leases or lease renewals are capitalized. Capitalized leasing costs are amortized on a straight-line basis over the initial fixed terms of the respective leases. All other costs to negotiate or arrange a lease are expensed as incurred.
 
Lease incentive costs, which are payments made to or on behalf of a customer as an incentive to sign a lease, are capitalized in deferred leasing costs and amortized on a straight-line basis over the respective lease terms as a reduction of rental revenues.
 
Lease related receivables, which include accounts receivable and accrued straight-line rents receivable, are reduced for credit losses. Such amounts are recognized as a reduction to rental and other revenues. We regularly evaluate the collectability of our lease related receivables. Our evaluation of collectability primarily consists of reviewing past due account balances and considering such factors as the credit quality of our customer, historical trends of the customer and changes in customer payment terms. Additionally, with respect to customers in bankruptcy, we estimate the probable recovery through bankruptcy claims and reduce the related receivable balance for amounts deemed uncollectible. If our assumptions regarding the collectability of lease related receivables prove incorrect, we could experience credit losses in excess of what was recognized in rental and other revenues.
 
We recognized $169.4 million of rental and other revenues related to operating lease payments of which $15.5 million was for variable lease payments for the three months ended March 31, 2019 . The following table sets forth the undiscounted cash flows for future minimum base rents to be received from customers for leases in effect at March 31, 2019 for the properties that we wholly own:

	
					
April 1 through December 31, 2019	 	$	466,042		
2020	 	586,386		
2021	 	530,336		
2022	 	494,060		
2023	 	433,593		
2024	 	372,614		
Thereafter	 	1,679,410		
 	 	$	4,562,441		

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Information as Lessor Under ASC 840
 
Minimum contractual rents from leases are recognized on a straight-line basis over the terms of the respective leases. This means that, with respect to a particular lease, actual amounts billed in accordance with the lease during any given period may be higher or lower than the amount of rental revenue recognized for the period. Straight-line rental revenue is commenced when the customer assumes control of the leased premises. Accrued straight-line rents receivable represents the amount by which straight-line rental revenue exceeds rents currently billed in accordance with lease agreements. Contingent rental revenue, such as percentage rent, is accrued when the contingency is removed. Termination fee income is recognized at the later of when the customer has vacated the space or the lease has expired and a fully executed lease termination agreement has been delivered, the amount of the fee is determinable and collectability of the fee is reasonably assured.
 
Cost recovery income is determined on a calendar year and a lease-by-lease basis. The most common types of cost recovery income in our leases are CAM and real estate taxes, for which a customer typically pays its pro-rata share of operating and administrative expenses and real estate taxes in excess of the costs incurred during a contractually specified base year. The computation of cost recovery income is complex and involves numerous judgments, including the interpretation of lease provisions. Leases are not uniform in dealing with such cost recovery income and there are many variations in the computation. Many customers make monthly fixed payments of CAM, real estate taxes and other cost reimbursement items. We accrue income related to these payments each month. We make quarterly accrual adjustments, positive or negative, to cost recovery income to adjust the recorded amounts to our best estimate of the final annual amounts to be billed and collected. After the end of the calendar year, we compute each customer's final cost recovery income and, after considering amounts paid by the customer during the year, issue a bill or credit for the appropriate amount to the customer. The differences between the amounts billed less previously received payments and the accrual adjustment are recorded as increases or decreases to cost recovery income when the final bills are prepared, which occurs during the first half of the subsequent year.
  
Accounts receivable, accrued straight-line rents receivable and mortgages and notes receivable are reduced by an allowance for amounts that may become uncollectible in the future. We regularly evaluate the adequacy of our allowance for doubtful accounts. The evaluation primarily consists of reviewing past due account balances and considering such factors as the credit quality of our customer, historical trends of the customer and changes in customer payment terms. Additionally, with respect to customers in bankruptcy, we estimate the probable recovery through bankruptcy claims and adjust the allowance for amounts deemed uncollectible. If our assumptions regarding the collectability of receivables prove incorrect, we could experience losses in excess of our allowance for doubtful accounts. The allowance and its related receivable are written-off when we have concluded there is a low probability of collection and we have discontinued collection efforts.
 
Lease incentive costs, which are payments made to or on behalf of a customer as an incentive to sign a lease, are capitalized in deferred leasing costs and amortized on a straight-line basis over the respective lease terms as a reduction of rental revenues.
 
Our real estate assets are leased to customers under operating leases. The minimum rental amounts under the leases are generally subject to scheduled fixed increases. Generally, the leases also provide that we receive cost recovery income from customers for increases in certain costs above the costs incurred during a contractually specified base year.  
 
The following table sets forth our scheduled future minimum base rents to be received from customers for leases in effect at December 31, 2018 for the properties that we wholly own:

	
					
2019	 	$	618,014		
2020	 	581,399		
2021	 	524,381		
2022	 	488,157		
2023	 	428,461		
Thereafter	 	2,068,891		
 	 	$	4,709,303		
 
Information as Lessee Under ASC 842
 
We have 20 properties subject to operating ground leases in Atlanta, Nashville, Orlando, Raleigh and Tampa with a weighted average remaining term of 52 years. Rental payments on these leases are adjusted periodically based on either the CPI or on a pre-determined schedule. The monthly payments on a pre-determined schedule are recognized on a straight-line basis over the terms of the respective leases. Changes in the CPI are not estimated as part of our measurement of straight-line rental expense. Upon initial adoption of ASC 842, we recognized a lease liability of $35.3 million (in accounts payable, accrued expenses and other liabilities) and a related right of use asset of $29.7 million (in prepaid expenses and other assets) on our Consolidated Balance

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Sheets equal to the present value of the minimum lease payments required under each ground lease. The difference between the recorded lease liability and right of use asset represents the accrued straight-line rent liability previously recognized under ASC 840. We used a discount rate of approximately 4.5% , which was derived from our assessment of the credit quality of the Company and adjusted to reflect secured borrowing, estimated yield curves and long-term spread adjustments over appropriate tenors. Some of our ground leases contain extension options; however, these did not impact our calculation of the right of use asset and liability as they extend beyond the useful life of the properties subject to the operating ground leases. We recognized $0.6 million of ground lease expense, of which $0.5 million was paid in cash, during the three months ended March 31, 2019 .
 
The following table sets forth the undiscounted cash flows of our scheduled obligations for future minimum payments on operating ground leases at March 31, 2019 and a reconciliation of those cash flows to the operating lease liability at March 31, 2019 :

	
					
April 1 through December 31, 2019	 	$	1,539		
2020	 	2,086		
2021	 	2,127		
2022	 	2,169		
2023	 	2,167		
2024	 	2,123		
Thereafter	 	83,697		
 	 	95,908		
Discount	 	(60,668	)	
Lease liability	 	$	35,240		
 
Information as Lessee Under ASC 840
 
Certain of our properties are subject to operating ground leases. Rental payments on these leases are adjusted periodically based on either the CPI or on a pre-determined schedule. Total rental property expense recorded for operating ground leases was $2.5 million , $2.5 million and $2.9 million for the years ended December 31, 2018 , 2017 and 2016 , respectively.
 
The following table sets forth our scheduled obligations for future minimum payments on operating ground leases at December 31, 2018 :

	
					
2019	 	$	2,184		
2020	 	2,223		
2021	 	2,263		
2022	 	2,305		
2023	 	2,308		
Thereafter	 	86,577		
 	 	$	97,860		

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3.    Intangible Assets and Below Market Lease Liabilities
 
The following table sets forth total intangible assets and acquisition-related below market lease liabilities, net of accumulated amortization:

	
								
 	March 31,
2019	 	December 31,
2018	
Assets:	 	 	 	
Deferred leasing costs (including lease incentives and above market lease and in-place lease acquisition-related intangible assets)	$	344,711		 	$	344,548		
Less accumulated amortization	(149,863	)	 	(149,275	)	
 	$	194,848		 	$	195,273		
Liabilities (in accounts payable, accrued expenses and other liabilities):	 	 	 	
Acquisition-related below market lease liabilities	$	56,865		 	$	57,955		
Less accumulated amortization	(32,870	)	 	(32,307	)	
 	$	23,995		 	$	25,648		
 
The following table sets forth amortization of intangible assets and below market lease liabilities:

	
								
 	Three Months Ended
March 31,	
 	2019	 	2018	
Amortization of deferred leasing costs and acquisition-related intangible assets (in depreciation and amortization)	$	10,315		 	$	9,495		
Amortization of lease incentives (in rental and other revenues)	$	2,848		 	$	429		
Amortization of acquisition-related intangible assets (in rental and other revenues)	$	357		 	$	448		
Amortization of acquisition-related intangible assets (in rental property and other expenses)	$	137		 	$	137		
Amortization of acquisition-related below market lease liabilities (in rental and other revenues)	$	(1,653	)	 	$	(1,523	)	

The following table sets forth scheduled future amortization of intangible assets and below market lease liabilities:

	
																					
 	 	Amortization of Deferred Leasing Costs and Acquisition-Related Intangible Assets (in Depreciation and Amortization)	 	Amortization of Lease Incentives (in Rental and Other Revenues)	 	Amortization of Acquisition-Related Intangible Assets (in Rental and Other Revenues)	 	Amortization of Acquisition-Related Intangible Assets (in Rental Property and Other Expenses)	 	Amortization of Acquisition-Related Below Market Lease Liabilities (in Rental and Other Revenues)	
April 1 through December 31, 2019	 	$	28,419		 	$	1,222		 	$	903		 	$	416		 	$	(4,649	)	
2020	 	32,940		 	1,300		 	957		 	514		 	(5,005	)	
2021	 	28,377		 	1,060		 	631		 	—		 	(4,204	)	
2022	 	24,053		 	836		 	462		 	—		 	(3,133	)	
2023	 	20,650		 	763		 	308		 	—		 	(2,753	)	
Thereafter	 	46,416		 	3,521		 	1,100		 	—		 	(4,251	)	
 	 	$	180,855		 	$	8,702		 	$	4,361		 	$	930		 	$	(23,995	)	
Weighted average remaining amortization periods as of March 31, 2019 (in years)	 	7.1		 	9.2		 	6.5		 	1.7		 	5.5		

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4.    Mortgages and Notes Payable
 
The following table sets forth our mortgages and notes payable:

	
								
 	March 31,
2019	 	December 31,
2018	
Secured indebtedness	$	96,717		 	$	97,179		
Unsecured indebtedness	2,075,211		 	1,997,816		
Less-unamortized debt issuance costs	(11,334	)	 	(9,164	)	
Total mortgages and notes payable, net	$	2,160,594		 	$	2,085,831		
 
At March 31, 2019 , our secured mortgage loan was collateralized by real estate assets with an undepreciated book value of $ 146.4 million .
 
Our $ 600.0 million unsecured revolving credit facility is scheduled to mature in January 2022 and includes an accordion feature that allows for an additional $400.0 million of borrowing capacity subject to additional lender commitments. Assuming no defaults have occurred, we have an option to extend the maturity for two additional six -month periods. The interest rate at our current credit ratings is LIBOR plus 100 basis points and the annual facility fee is 20 basis points. There was $135.0 million and $97.0 million outstanding under our revolving credit facility at March 31, 2019 and April 16, 2019 , respectively. At March 31, 2019 and April 16, 2019 , we had $ 0.2 million and $0.1 million , respectively, of outstanding letters of credit, which reduces the availability on our revolving credit facility. As a result, the unused capacity of our revolving credit facility at March 31, 2019 and April 16, 2019 was $ 464.8 million and $502.9 million , respectively.
 
During the first quarter of 2019, we prepaid without penalty our $225.0 million , seven -year unsecured bank term loan, which was scheduled to mature in June 2020 . The interest rate on the term loan was LIBOR plus 110 basis points . We recorded $0.4 million of loss on debt extinguishment related to this prepayment.

During the first quarter of 2019, the Operating Partnership issued $350.0 million aggregate principal amount of 4.20% notes due April 2029 , less original issuance discount of $1.0 million . These notes were priced to yield 4.234% . Underwriting fees and other expenses were incurred that aggregated $3.1 million ; these costs were deferred and will be amortized over the term of the notes.
 
We are currently in compliance with financial covenants with respect to our consolidated debt.
 
We have considered our short-term liquidity needs and the adequacy of our estimated cash flows from operating activities and other available financing sources to meet these needs. We intend to meet these short-term liquidity requirements through a combination of the following:

•	available cash and cash equivalents;	

•	cash flows from operating activities;	

•	issuance of debt securities by the Operating Partnership;	

•	issuance of secured debt;	

•	bank term loans;	

•	borrowings under our revolving credit facility;	

•	issuance of equity securities by the Company or the Operating Partnership; and	

•	the disposition of non-core assets.	

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5.	Derivative Financial Instruments	
 
During 2018, we entered into an aggregate of $225.0 million notional amount of forward-starting swaps that effectively locked the underlying 10 -year treasury rate at a weighted average of 2.86% with respect to a planned issuance of debt securities by the Operating Partnership. Upon issuance of the $350.0 million aggregate principal amount of 4.20% notes due April 2029 during the first quarter of 2019, we terminated the forward-starting swaps and paid cash upon settlement. The unrealized loss of $5.1 million in accumulated other comprehensive income will be reclassified to interest expense as interest payments are made on the debt.

The counterparties under our swaps are major financial institutions. The swap agreements contain a provision whereby if we default on certain of our indebtedness and which default results in repayment of such indebtedness being, or becoming capable of being, accelerated by the lender, then we could also be declared in default on our swaps.

Our interest rate swaps have been designated as and are being accounted for as cash flow hedges with changes in fair value recorded in other comprehensive income/(loss) each reporting period. We have no collateral requirements related to our interest rate swaps.
 
Amounts reported in accumulated other comprehensive income related to derivatives will be reclassified to interest expense as interest payments are made on our debt. During the period from April 1, 2019 through March 31, 2020 , we estimate that $1.3 million will be reclassified as a net decrease to interest expense.

The following table sets forth the gross fair value of our derivatives:

	
								
 	March 31,
2019	 	December 31,
2018	
Derivatives:	 	 	 	
Derivatives designated as cash flow hedges in prepaid expenses and other assets:	 	 	 	
Interest rate swaps	$	659		 	$	1,146		
Derivatives designated as cash flow hedges in accounts payable, accrued expenses and other liabilities:	 	 	 	
Interest rate swaps	$	—		 	$	3,581		
 
The following table sets forth the effect of our cash flow hedges on accumulated other comprehensive income and interest expense:

	
								
 	Three Months Ended
March 31,	
 	2019	 	2018	
Derivatives Designated as Cash Flow Hedges:	 	 	 	
Amount of unrealized gains/(losses) recognized in accumulated other comprehensive income on derivatives:	 	 	 	
Interest rate swaps	$	(1,904	)	 	$	7,877		
Amount of gains reclassified out of accumulated other comprehensive income into interest expense:	 	 	 	
Interest rate swaps	$	(515	)	 	$	(106	)	

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6.	Noncontrolling Interests	

Noncontrolling Interests in Consolidated Affiliates
 
At March 31, 2019 , our noncontrolling interests in consolidated affiliates relate to our joint venture partner's 50.0% interest in office properties in Richmond. Our joint venture partner is an unrelated third party.

Noncontrolling Interests in the Operating Partnership

The following table sets forth the Company's noncontrolling interests in the Operating Partnership:

	
								
 	Three Months Ended
March 31,	
 	2019	 	2018	
Beginning noncontrolling interests in the Operating Partnership	$	105,960		 	$	144,009		
Adjustment of noncontrolling interests in the Operating Partnership to fair value	23,254		 	(19,582	)	
Conversions of Common Units to Common Stock	(131	)	 	(902	)	
Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests in the Operating Partnership	193		 	888		
Distributions to noncontrolling interests in the Operating Partnership	(1,300	)	 	(1,300	)	
Total noncontrolling interests in the Operating Partnership	$	127,976		 	$	123,113		

The following table sets forth net income available for common stockholders and transfers from the Company's noncontrolling interests in the Operating Partnership:

	
								
 	Three Months Ended
March 31,	
 	2019	 	2018	
Net income available for common stockholders	$	7,255		 	$	32,449		
Increase in additional paid in capital from conversions of Common Units to Common Stock	131		 	902		
Change from net income available for common stockholders and transfers from noncontrolling interests	$	7,386		 	$	33,351		

7.	Disclosure About Fair Value of Financial Instruments	

The following summarizes the levels of inputs that we use to measure fair value.
 
Level 1.   Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.

Our Level 1 asset is our investment in marketable securities that we use to pay benefits under our non-qualified deferred compensation plan. Our Level 1 liability is our non-qualified deferred compensation obligation. The Company's Level 1 noncontrolling interests in the Operating Partnership relate to the ownership of Common Units by various individuals and entities other than the Company.

Level 2. Observable inputs other than Level 1 prices, such as quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities, quoted prices in markets that are not active or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data for substantially the full term of the related assets or liabilities.

Our Level 2 assets include the fair value of our mortgages and notes receivable and certain interest rate swaps. Our Level 2 liabilities include the fair value of our mortgages and notes payable and remaining interest rate swaps.

The fair value of mortgages and notes receivable and mortgages and notes payable is estimated by the income approach utilizing contractual cash flows and market-based interest rates to approximate the price that would be paid in an orderly transaction between market participants. The fair value of interest rate swaps is determined using the market standard methodology of netting the discounted future fixed cash receipts and the discounted expected variable cash payments. The variable cash payments of interest rate swaps are based on the expectation of future interest rates (forward curves) derived from observed market interest

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rate curves. In addition, credit valuation adjustments are considered in the fair values to account for potential nonperformance risk, but were concluded to not be significant inputs to the calculation for the periods presented.

Level 3. Unobservable inputs that are supported by little or no market activity and that are significant to the fair value of the assets or liabilities.
 
Our Level 3 assets include any real estate assets recorded at fair value on a non-recurring basis as a result of our quarterly impairment analysis, which are valued using the terms of definitive sales contracts or the sales comparison approach.

The following table sets forth our assets and liabilities and the Company's noncontrolling interests in the Operating Partnership that are measured or disclosed at fair value within the fair value hierarchy.

	
																	
 	 	 	 	Level 1	 	Level 2	 	Level 3	
 	 	Total	 	Quoted Prices
in Active
Markets for Identical Assets or Liabilities	 	Significant Observable Inputs	 	Significant Unobservable Inputs	
Fair Value at March 31, 2019:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Assets:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Mortgages and notes receivable, at fair value (1)	 	$	1,623		 	$	—		 	$	1,623		 	$	—		
Interest rate swaps (in prepaid expenses and other assets)	 	659		 	—		 	659		 	—		
Marketable securities of non-qualified deferred compensation plan (in prepaid expenses and other assets)	 	2,074		 	2,074		 	—		 	—		
Total Assets	 	$	4,356		 	$	2,074		 	$	2,282		 	$	—		
Noncontrolling Interests in the Operating Partnership	 	$	127,976		 	$	127,976		 	$	—		 	$	—		
Liabilities:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Mortgages and notes payable, net, at fair value (1)	 	$	2,170,931		 	$	—		 	$	2,170,931		 	$	—		
Non-qualified deferred compensation obligation (in accounts payable, accrued expenses and other liabilities)	 	2,074		 	2,074		 	—		 	—		
Total Liabilities	 	$	2,173,005		 	$	2,074		 	$	2,170,931		 	$	—		

																	
Fair Value at December 31, 2018:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Assets:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Mortgages and notes receivable, at fair value (1)	 	$	5,599		 	$	—		 	$	5,599		 	$	—		
Interest rate swaps (in prepaid expenses and other assets)	 	1,146		 	—		 	1,146		 	—		
Marketable securities of non-qualified deferred compensation plan (in prepaid expenses and other assets)	 	1,849		 	1,849		 	—		 	—		
Impaired real estate assets	 	10,252		 	—		 	—		 	10,252		
Total Assets	 	$	18,846		 	$	1,849		 	$	6,745		 	$	10,252		
Noncontrolling Interests in the Operating Partnership	 	$	105,960		 	$	105,960		 	$	—		 	$	—		
Liabilities:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Mortgages and notes payable, net, at fair value (1)	 	$	2,056,248		 	$	—		 	$	2,056,248		 	$	—		
Interest rate swaps (in accounts payable, accrued expenses and other liabilities)	 	3,581		 	—		 	3,581		 	—		
Non-qualified deferred compensation obligation (in accounts payable, accrued expenses and other liabilities)	 	1,849		 	1,849		 	—		 	—		
Total Liabilities	 	$	2,061,678		 	$	1,849		 	$	2,059,829		 	$	—		
__________
(1)    Amounts recorded at historical cost on our Consolidated Balance Sheets at March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018 .

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8.	Share-Based Payments	
 
During the three months ended March 31, 2019 , the Company granted 90,218 shares of time-based restricted stock and 73,972 shares of total return-based restricted stock with weighted average grant date fair values per share of $ 46.31 and $ 41.13 , respectively. We recorded share-based compensation expense of $ 4.6 million and $ 4.3 million during the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018 , respectively. At March 31, 2019 , there was $7.4 million of total unrecognized share-based compensation costs, which will be recognized over a weighted average remaining contractual term of 2.5 years.

9.	Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income	
 
The following table sets forth the components of accumulated other comprehensive income:

	
								
 	Three Months Ended
March 31,	
 	2019	 	2018	
Cash flow hedges:	 	 	 	
Beginning balance	$	9,913		 	$	7,838		
Unrealized gains/(losses) on cash flow hedges	(1,904	)	 	7,877		
Amortization of cash flow hedges (1)	(515	)	 	(106	)	
Total accumulated other comprehensive income	$	7,494		 	$	15,609		
__________
(1)    Amounts reclassified out of accumulated other comprehensive income into interest expense.

10.	Real Estate and Other Assets Held For Sale	
 
The following table sets forth the assets held for sale at March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018 , which are considered non-core:

	
								
 	March 31,
2019	 	December 31,
2018	
Assets:	 	 	 	
Land	$	5,148		 	$	—		
Buildings and tenant improvements	22,007		 	—		
Land held for development	1,886		 	—		
Less-accumulated depreciation	(6,539	)	 	—		
Net real estate assets	22,502		 	—		
Accrued straight-line rents receivable	1,604		 	—		
Deferred leasing costs, net	656		 	—		
Prepaid expenses and other assets	131		 	—		
Real estate and other assets, net, held for sale	$	24,893		 	$	—		

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11.	Earnings Per Share and Per Unit	

The following table sets forth the computation of basic and diluted earnings per share of the Company:

	
								
 	Three Months Ended
March 31,	
 	2019	 	2018	
Earnings per Common Share - basic:	 	 	 	
Numerator:	 	 	 	
Net income	$	8,386		 	$	34,246		
Net (income) attributable to noncontrolling interests in the Operating Partnership	(193	)	 	(888	)	
Net (income) attributable to noncontrolling interests in consolidated affiliates	(316	)	 	(286	)	
Dividends on Preferred Stock	(622	)	 	(623	)	
Net income available for common stockholders	$	7,255		 	$	32,449		
Denominator:	 	 	 	
Denominator for basic earnings per Common Share – weighted average shares	103,600		 	103,324		
Net income available for common stockholders	$	0.07		 	$	0.31		
Earnings per Common Share - diluted:	 	 	 	
Numerator:	 	 	 	
Net income	$	8,386		 	$	34,246		
Net (income) attributable to noncontrolling interests in consolidated affiliates	(316	)	 	(286	)	
Dividends on Preferred Stock	(622	)	 	(623	)	
Net income available for common stockholders before net (income) attributable to noncontrolling interests in the Operating Partnership	$	7,448		 	$	33,337		
Denominator:	 	 	 	
Denominator for basic earnings per Common Share – weighted average shares	103,600		 	103,324		
Add:	 	 	 	
Stock options using the treasury method	20		 	26		
Noncontrolling interests Common Units	2,737		 	2,815		
Denominator for diluted earnings per Common Share – adjusted weighted average shares and assumed conversions (1)	106,357		 	106,165		
Net income available for common stockholders	$	0.07		 	$	0.31		
__________
		
(1)	Includes all unvested restricted stock where dividends on such restricted stock are non-forfeitable.	

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The following table sets forth the computation of basic and diluted earnings per unit of the Operating Partnership:

	
								
 	Three Months Ended
March 31,	
 	2019	 	2018	
Earnings per Common Unit - basic:	 	 	 	
Numerator:	 	 	 	
Net income	$	8,386		 	$	34,246		
Net (income) attributable to noncontrolling interests in consolidated affiliates	(316	)	 	(286	)	
Distributions on Preferred Units	(622	)	 	(623	)	
Net income available for common unitholders	$	7,448		 	$	33,337		
Denominator:	 	 	 	
Denominator for basic earnings per Common Unit – weighted average units	105,928		 	105,730		
Net income available for common unitholders	$	0.07		 	$	0.32		
Earnings per Common Unit - diluted:	 	 	 	
Numerator:	 	 	 	
Net income	$	8,386		 	$	34,246		
Net (income) attributable to noncontrolling interests in consolidated affiliates	(316	)	 	(286	)	
Distributions on Preferred Units	(622	)	 	(623	)	
Net income available for common unitholders	$	7,448		 	$	33,337		
Denominator:	 	 	 	
Denominator for basic earnings per Common Unit – weighted average units	105,928		 	105,730		
Add:	 	 	 	
Stock options using the treasury method	20		 	26		
Denominator for diluted earnings per Common Unit – adjusted weighted average units and assumed conversions (1)	105,948		 	105,756		
Net income available for common unitholders	$	0.07		 	$	0.32		
__________
		
(1)	Includes all unvested restricted stock where distributions on such restricted stock are non-forfeitable.	

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12.	Segment Information	
 
The following tables summarize the rental and other revenues and net operating income, the primary industry property-level performance metric used by our chief operating decision maker and which is defined as rental and other revenues less rental property and other expenses, for each of our reportable segments.

	
								
 	Three Months Ended
March 31,	
 	2019	 	2018	
Rental and Other Revenues:	 	 	 	
Office:	 	 	 	
Atlanta	$	36,303		 	$	35,483		
Greensboro	5,481		 	6,026		
Memphis	9,757		 	10,208		
Nashville	31,399		 	30,723		
Orlando	13,932		 	13,300		
Pittsburgh	15,315		 	15,282		
Raleigh	29,097		 	29,804		
Richmond	12,286		 	11,049		
Tampa	15,571		 	25,425		
Total Office Segment	169,141		 	177,300		
Other	3,222		 	3,138		
Total Rental and Other Revenues	$	172,363		 	$	180,438		

								
Net Operating Income:	 	 	 	
Office:	 	 	 	
Atlanta	$	23,423		 	$	22,670		
Greensboro	3,507		 	4,011		
Memphis	6,022		 	6,645		
Nashville	22,318		 	21,983		
Orlando	8,556		 	8,263		
Pittsburgh	9,134		 	8,971		
Raleigh	20,859		 	21,872		
Richmond	8,552		 	7,581		
Tampa	7,085		 	16,760		
Total Office Segment	109,456		 	118,756		
Other	2,356		 	2,250		
Total Net Operating Income	111,812		 	121,006		
Reconciliation to net income:	 	 	 	
Depreciation and amortization	(69,204	)	 	(57,568	)	
General and administrative expenses	(12,381	)	 	(11,778	)	
Interest expense	(18,739	)	 	(18,391	)	
Other income/(loss)	(3,766	)	 	455		
Equity in earnings of unconsolidated affiliates	664		 	522		
Net income	$	8,386		 	$	34,246		

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13.	Subsequent Events	

On April 12, 2019, we sold two buildings and land for an aggregate sale price of $32.5 million and expect to record aggregate gains on disposition of property of $6.7 million .

On April 18, 2019, the Company declared a cash dividend of $0.475 per share of Common Stock, which is payable on June 4, 2019 to stockholders of record as of May 13, 2019.

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ITEM 2. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

The Company is a fully integrated office real estate investment trust ("REIT") that owns, develops, acquires, leases and manages properties primarily in the best business districts (BBDs) of Atlanta, Greensboro, Memphis, Nashville, Orlando, Pittsburgh, Raleigh, Richmond and Tampa. The Company conducts its activities through the Operating Partnership. The Operating Partnership is managed by the Company, its sole general partner. Additional information about us can be found on our website at www.highwoods.com. Information on our website is not part of this Quarterly Report.

You should read the following discussion and analysis in conjunction with the accompanying Consolidated Financial Statements and related notes contained elsewhere in this Quarterly Report.

Disclosure Regarding Forward-Looking Statements

Some of the information in this Quarterly Report may contain forward-looking statements. Such statements include, in particular, statements about our plans, strategies and prospects under this section. You can identify forward-looking statements by our use of forward-looking terminology such as “may,” “will,” “expect,” “anticipate,” “estimate,” “continue” or other similar words. Although we believe that our plans, intentions and expectations reflected in or suggested by such forward-looking statements are reasonable, we cannot assure you that our plans, intentions or expectations will be achieved. When considering such forward-looking statements, you should keep in mind the following important factors that could cause our actual results to differ materially from those contained in any forward-looking statement:

•	the financial condition of our customers could deteriorate;	

•	we may not be able to lease or re-lease second generation space, defined as previously occupied space that becomes available for lease, quickly or on as favorable terms as old leases;	

•	we may not be able to lease newly constructed buildings as quickly or on as favorable terms as originally anticipated;	

•	we may not be able to complete development, acquisition, reinvestment, disposition or joint venture projects as quickly or on as favorable terms as anticipated;	

•	development activity in our existing markets could result in an excessive supply relative to customer demand;	

•	our markets may suffer declines in economic and/or office employment growth;	

•	unanticipated increases in interest rates could increase our debt service costs;	

•	unanticipated increases in operating expenses could negatively impact our operating results;	

•	we may not be able to meet our liquidity requirements or obtain capital on favorable terms to fund our working capital needs and growth initiatives or repay or refinance outstanding debt upon maturity; and	

•	the Company could lose key executive officers.	

This list of risks and uncertainties, however, is not intended to be exhaustive. You should also review the other cautionary statements we make in “Business – Risk Factors” set forth in our 2018 Annual Report on Form 10-K. Given these uncertainties, you should not place undue reliance on forward-looking statements. We undertake no obligation to publicly release the results of any revisions to these forward-looking statements to reflect any future events or circumstances or to reflect the occurrence of unanticipated events.

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Executive Summary
 
Our Strategic Plan focuses on:

•	owning high-quality, differentiated office buildings in the BBDs of our core markets;	

•	improving the operating results of our properties through concentrated leasing, asset management, cost control and customer service efforts;	

•	developing and acquiring office buildings in BBDs that improve the overall quality of our portfolio and generate attractive returns over the long term for our stockholders;	

•	disposing of properties no longer considered to be core assets primarily due to location, age, quality and/or overall strategic fit; and	

•	maintaining a balance sheet with ample liquidity to meet our funding needs and growth prospects.	
 
Revenues

Our operating results depend heavily on successfully leasing and operating the office space in our portfolio. Economic growth and office employment levels in our core markets are important factors, among others, in predicting our future operating results.
 
The key components affecting our rental and other revenues are average occupancy, rental rates, cost recovery income, new developments placed in service, acquisitions and dispositions. Average occupancy generally increases during times of improving economic growth, as our ability to lease space outpaces vacancies that occur upon the expirations of existing leases. Average occupancy generally declines during times of slower or negative economic growth, when new vacancies tend to outpace our ability to lease space. Asset acquisitions, dispositions and new developments placed in service directly impact our rental revenues and could impact our average occupancy, depending upon the occupancy rate of the properties that are acquired, sold or placed in service. A further indicator of the predictability of future revenues is the expected lease expirations of our portfolio. As a result, in addition to seeking to increase our average occupancy by leasing current vacant space, we also concentrate our leasing efforts on renewing existing leases prior to expiration. For more information regarding our lease expirations, see "Properties - Lease Expirations" in our 2018 Annual Report on Form 10-K. Occupancy in our office portfolio decreased from 91.6% at December 31, 2018 to 91.0% at March 31, 2019 . We expect average occupancy for our office portfolio to be approximately 91% for the remainder of 2019.

Whether or not our rental revenue tracks average occupancy proportionally depends upon whether GAAP rents under signed new and renewal leases are higher or lower than the GAAP rents under expiring leases. Annualized rental revenues from second generation leases expiring during any particular year are typically less than 15% of our total annual rental revenues. The following table sets forth information regarding second generation office leases signed during the first quarter of 2019 (we define second generation office leases as leases with new customers and renewals of existing customers in office space that has been previously occupied under our ownership and leases with respect to vacant space in acquired buildings):

	
												
 	New	 	Renewal	 	All Office	
Leased space (in rentable square feet)	157,146		 	566,319		 	723,465		
Average term (in years - rentable square foot weighted)	6.0		 	4.9		 	5.1		
Base rents (per rentable square foot) (1)	$	31.06		 	$	30.38		 	$	30.53		
Rent concessions (per rentable square foot) (1)	(0.79	)	 	(0.44	)	 	(0.52	)	
GAAP rents (per rentable square foot) (1)	$	30.27		 	$	29.94		 	$	30.01		
Tenant improvements (per rentable square foot) (1)	$	4.45		 	$	2.35		 	$	2.81		
Leasing commissions (per rentable square foot) (1)	$	1.35		 	$	0.78		 	$	0.90		
__________
		
(1)	Weighted average per rentable square foot on an annual basis over the lease term.	

Annual combined GAAP rents for new and renewal leases signed in the first quarter were $30.01 per rentable square foot, or 17.5% , higher compared to previous leases in the same office spaces.

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We strive to maintain a diverse, stable and creditworthy customer base. We have an internal guideline whereby customers that account for more than 3% of our revenues are periodically reviewed with the Company's Board of Directors. As of March 31, 2019 , no customer accounted for more than 3% of our cash revenues other than the Federal Government, which accounted for less than 5% of our cash revenues on an annualized basis. Upon completion of the MetLife III development project in Raleigh, it is expected that MetLife will account for approximately 3.4% of our revenues based on annualized cash revenues for March 2019 .

Expenses
 
Our expenses primarily consist of rental property expenses, depreciation and amortization, general and administrative expenses and interest expense. From time to time, expenses also include impairments of real estate assets. Rental property expenses are expenses associated with our ownership and operation of rental properties and include expenses that vary somewhat proportionately to occupancy levels, such as janitorial services and utilities, and expenses that do not vary based on occupancy, such as property taxes and insurance. Depreciation and amortization is a non-cash expense associated with the ownership of real property and generally remains relatively consistent each year, unless we buy, place in service or sell assets, since our properties and related building and tenant improvement assets are depreciated on a straight-line basis over fixed lives. General and administrative expenses consist primarily of management and employee salaries and benefits, corporate overhead and short and long-term incentive compensation.

Net Operating Income

Whether or not we record increasing same property net operating income (“NOI”) depends upon our ability to garner higher rental revenues, whether from higher average occupancy, higher GAAP rents per rentable square foot or higher cost recovery income, that exceed any corresponding growth in operating expenses. Same property NOI was $8.3 million , or 7.2% , lower in the first quarter of 2019 as compared to 2018 due to a decrease in same property revenues of $7.5 million and an increase of $0.8 million in same property expenses. Same property revenues were lower primarily due to $8.0 million in credit losses on operating lease receivables and write-offs of lease incentives associated with the sudden closure of Laser Spine Institute on March 1, 2019. See "Results of Operations - Three Months Ended March 31, 2019 and 2018 - Laser Spine Institute." We expect same property NOI to be higher in the remainder of 2019 as compared to 2018 as higher rental revenues, mostly from higher average GAAP rents per rentable square foot and higher parking income, are expected to more than offset lower expected average occupancy and an anticipated increase in same property operating expenses.

In addition to the effect of same property NOI, whether or not NOI increases depends upon whether the NOI from our acquired properties and development properties placed in service exceeds the NOI from property dispositions. NOI was $9.2 million , or 7.6% , lower in the first quarter of 2019 as compared to 2018 primarily due to the Laser Spine Institute credit losses and write-offs noted above, NOI lost from property dispositions and lower restoration fees, partly offset by the impact of development properties placed in service. We expect NOI to be higher in the remainder of 2019 as compared to 2018 due to the impact of our net investment activity in such periods.

Cash Flows

In calculating net cash related to operating activities, depreciation and amortization, which are non-cash expenses, are added back to net income. We have historically generated a positive amount of cash from operating activities. From period to period, cash flow from operations depends primarily upon changes in our net income, as discussed more fully below under “Results of Operations,” changes in receivables and payables and net additions or decreases in our overall portfolio.

Net cash related to investing activities generally relates to capitalized costs incurred for leasing and major building improvements and our acquisition, development, disposition and joint venture activity. During periods of significant net acquisition and/or development activity, our cash used in such investing activities will generally exceed cash provided by investing activities, which typically consists of cash received upon the sale of properties and distributions from our joint ventures.

Net cash related to financing activities generally relates to distributions, incurrence and repayment of debt, and issuances, repurchases or redemptions of Common Stock, Common Units and Preferred Stock. We use a significant amount of our cash to fund distributions. Whether or not we have increases in the outstanding balances of debt during a period depends generally upon the net effect of our acquisition, disposition, development and joint venture activity. We generally use our revolving credit facility for daily working capital purposes, which means that during any given period, in order to minimize interest expense, we may record significant repayments and borrowings under our revolving credit facility.

For a discussion regarding dividends and distributions, see "Liquidity and Capital Resources - Dividends and Distributions."

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Liquidity and Capital Resources
 
We intend to maintain a conservative and flexible balance sheet with access to multiple sources of debt and equity capital and sufficient availability under our revolving credit facility that allows us to capitalize on favorable development and acquisition opportunities as they arise.

Rental and other revenues are our principal source of funds to meet our short-term liquidity requirements. Other sources of funds for short-term liquidity needs include available working capital and borrowings under our revolving credit facility, which had $502.9 million of availability at April 16, 2019 . Our short-term liquidity requirements primarily consist of operating expenses, interest and principal amortization on our debt, distributions and capital expenditures, including building improvement costs, tenant improvement costs and lease commissions. Building improvements are capital costs to maintain or enhance existing buildings not typically related to a specific customer. Tenant improvements are the costs required to customize space for the specific needs of customers. We anticipate that our available cash and cash equivalents and cash provided by operating activities and planned financing activities, including borrowings under our revolving credit facility, will be adequate to meet our short-term liquidity requirements. We use our revolving credit facility for working capital purposes and for the short-term funding of our development and acquisition activity and, in certain instances, the repayment of other debt. Continued ability to borrow under the revolving credit facility allows us to quickly capitalize on strategic opportunities at short-term interest rates.
 
Our long-term liquidity uses generally consist of the retirement or refinancing of debt upon maturity, funding of building improvements, new building developments and land infrastructure projects and funding acquisitions of buildings and development land. Our expected future capital expenditures for started and/or committed new development projects were approximately $293 million at March 31, 2019 . Additionally, we may, from time to time, retire outstanding equity and/or debt securities through redemptions, open market repurchases, privately negotiated acquisitions or otherwise.
 
We expect to meet our long-term liquidity needs through a combination of:

•	cash flow from operating activities;	

•	bank term loans and borrowings under our revolving credit facility;	

•	the issuance of unsecured debt;	

•	the issuance of secured debt;	

•	the issuance of equity securities by the Company or the Operating Partnership; and	

•	the disposition of non-core assets.	

At March 31, 2019 , our leverage ratio, as measured by the ratio of our mortgages and notes payable and outstanding preferred stock to the undepreciated book value of our assets, was 36.1% and there were 106.5 million diluted shares of Common Stock outstanding.

Investment Activity

As noted above, a key tenet of our strategic plan is to continuously upgrade the quality of our office portfolio through acquisitions, dispositions and development. We generally seek to acquire and develop office buildings that improve the average quality of our overall portfolio and deliver consistent and sustainable value for our stockholders over the long-term. Whether or not an asset acquisition or new development results in higher per share net income or funds from operations ("FFO") in any given period depends upon a number of factors, including whether the NOI for any such period exceeds the actual cost of capital used to finance the acquisition or development. Additionally, given the length of construction cycles, development projects are not placed in service until, in some cases, several years after commencement. Sales of non-core assets could result in lower per share net income or FFO in any given period in the event the resulting use of proceeds does not exceed the capitalization rate on the sold properties.

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Results of Operations

Three Months Ended March 31, 2019 and 2018
 
Laser Spine Institute
 
We previously provided information on Laser Spine Institute’s lease, which occupied a 176,000 square-foot, six-story building with structured parking in Tampa’s Westshore submarket, a BBD. The building, developed by us, had been used by Laser Spine Institute for both its company headquarters and an ambulatory surgery center. After the market closed on March 1, 2019, Laser Spine Institute announced it would immediately discontinue its operations. This unexpected announcement affected all of its locations nationwide. As a result of this sudden closure, we incurred $5.6 million of credit losses on operating lease receivables and write-offs of $2.3 million of lease incentives, $4.1 million of notes receivable and $11.6 million of tenant improvements and deferred leasing costs.
 
Rental and Other Revenues
 
Rental and other revenues were $8.1 million , or 4.5% , lower in the first quarter of 2019 as compared to 2018 primarily due to lower same property revenues, property dispositions and lower restoration fees, which decreased rental and other revenues by $7.5 million, $2.5 million and $1.9 million, respectively. Same property rental and other revenues were lower primarily due to $8.0 million in credit losses on operating lease receivables and write-offs of lease incentives associated with the sudden closure of Laser Spine Institute. These decreases were partly offset by higher revenue of $4.0 million from development properties placed in service. We expect rental and other revenues to be higher for the remainder of 2019 as compared to 2018 due to development properties placed in service and higher same property revenues, partly offset by lost revenue from property dispositions and lower restoration fees.
 
Operating Expenses
 
Rental property and other expenses were $1.1 million , or 1.9% , higher in the first quarter of 2019 as compared to 2018 primarily due to development properties placed in service and higher same property operating expenses, which increased operating expenses by $0.9 million and $0.8 million, respectively. Same property operating expenses were higher primarily due to higher property taxes and repairs and maintenance, partly offset by lower utilities. These increases were partly offset by a $0.7 million decrease in operating expenses from property dispositions. We expect rental property and other expenses to be higher for the remainder of 2019 as compared to 2018 due to development properties placed in service and higher same property operating expenses, partly offset by lower operating expenses from property dispositions.

Depreciation and amortization was $11.6 million , or 20.2% , higher in the first quarter of 2019 as compared to 2018 primarily due to accelerated depreciation and amortization of tenant improvements and deferred leasing costs associated with the sudden closure of Laser Spine Institute. We expect depreciation and amortization to be higher for the remainder of 2019 as compared to 2018 due to development properties placed in service, partly offset by fully amortized acquisition-related intangible assets and property dispositions.

General and administrative expenses were $0.6 million , or 5.1% , higher in the first quarter of 2019 as compared to 2018 primarily due to certain previously capitalized lease related costs that are now expensed upon adoption of the new lease accounting standard in 2019, partly offset by lower incentive compensation. We expect general and administrative expenses to be similar for the remainder of 2019 as compared to 2018 as higher company-wide base salaries and expensed lease related costs are expected to be offset by lower incentive compensation and expensed pre-development costs. First quarter general and administrative expenses are typically higher than in subsequent quarters due to higher long-term equity incentive compensation recognized for certain employees who meet the age and service eligibility requirements under our retirement plan. Long-term equity incentive compensation awards are typically issued during the first quarter of each year.

Interest Expense
 
Interest expense was $0.3 million , or 1.9% , higher in the first quarter of 2019 as compared to 2018 primarily due to higher average debt balances and higher average interest rates, partly offset by higher capitalized interest. We expect interest expense to be higher for the remainder of 2019 as compared to 2018 due to higher average debt balances, higher average interest rates and lower capitalized interest.

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Other Income/(Loss)
 
Other income/(loss) was $4.2 million lower in the first quarter of 2019 as compared to 2018 primarily due to $4.1 million in write-offs of notes receivable associated with the sudden closure of Laser Spine Institute. We expect other income/(loss) to be lower for the remainder of 2019 as compared to 2018 due to lower interest income as a result of the notes receivable write-off.

Equity in Earnings of Unconsolidated Affiliates

Equity in earnings of unconsolidated affiliates was $0.1 million , or 27.2% , higher in the first quarter of 2019 as compared to 2018 primarily due to higher average occupancy. We expect equity in earnings of unconsolidated affiliates to be higher for the remainder of 2019 as compared to 2018 for the same reason.
 
Earnings Per Common Share - Diluted
 
Diluted earnings per common share was $0.24 lower in the first quarter of 2019 as compared to 2018 due to a decrease in net income for the reasons discussed above.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

Statements of Cash Flows
 
We report and analyze our cash flows based on operating activities, investing activities and financing activities. The following table sets forth the changes in the Company’s cash flows ($ in thousands):

	
												
 	Three Months Ended
March 31,	 	 	
 	2019	 	2018	 	Change	
Net Cash Provided By Operating Activities	$	62,713		 	$	78,528		 	$	(15,815	)	
Net Cash Used In Investing Activities	(81,502	)	 	(145,553	)	 	64,051		
Net Cash Provided By Financing Activities	21,113		 	46,574		 	(25,461	)	
Total Cash Flows	$	2,324		 	$	(20,451	)	 	$	22,775		
 
The decrease in net cash provided by operating activities in the first quarter of 2019 as compared to 2018 was primarily due to lower net cash from the settlement of cash flow hedges and property dispositions, partly offset by higher net cash from the operations of development properties placed in service. We expect net cash related to operating activities for the remainder of 2019 to be higher as compared to 2018 primarily due to the impact of development properties placed in service and same properties, partly offset by property dispositions.

The decrease in net cash used in investing activities in the first quarter of 2019 as compared to 2018 was primarily due to land acquisition activity and higher investments in development in-process in 2018. We expect uses of cash for investing activities for the remainder of 2019 to be primarily driven by whether or not we acquire or commence development of additional office buildings in the BBDs of our markets. Additionally, as of March 31, 2019 , we have approximately $293 million left to fund of our previously-announced development activity in 2019 and future years. We expect these uses of cash for investing activities will be partly offset by proceeds from property dispositions for the remainder of 2019.

The decrease in net cash provided by financing activities in the first quarter of 2019 as compared to 2018 was primarily due to lower net debt borrowings in 2019. Assuming the net effect of our acquisition, disposition and development activity in 2019 results in an increase to our assets, we would expect outstanding debt and/or Common Stock balances to increase.

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Capitalization

The following table sets forth the Company’s capitalization (in thousands, except per share amounts):

	
								
 	March 31,
2019	 	December 31,
2018	
Mortgages and notes payable, net, at recorded book value	$	2,160,594		 	$	2,085,831		
Preferred Stock, at liquidation value	$	28,859		 	$	28,877		
Common Stock outstanding	103,691		 	103,557		
Common Units outstanding (not owned by the Company)	2,736		 	2,739		
Per share stock price at period end	$	46.78		 	$	38.69		
Market value of Common Stock and Common Units	$	4,978,655		 	$	4,112,592		
Total capitalization	$	7,168,108		 	$	6,227,300		
 
At March 31, 2019 , our mortgages and notes payable and outstanding preferred stock represented 30.5% of our total capitalization and 36.1% of the undepreciated book value of our assets. See also "Executive Summary - Liquidity and Capital Resources."
 
Our mortgages and notes payable as of March 31, 2019 consisted of $96.7 million of secured indebtedness with a weighted average interest rate of 4.0% and $2,075.2 million of unsecured indebtedness with a weighted average interest rate of 3.79% . The secured indebtedness was collateralized by real estate assets with an undepreciated book value of $146.4 million . As of March 31, 2019 , $485.0 million of our debt does not bear interest at fixed rates or is not protected by interest rate hedge contracts.

Investment Activity

In the normal course of business, we regularly evaluate potential acquisitions. As a result, from time to time, we may have one or more potential acquisitions under consideration that are in varying stages of evaluation, negotiation or due diligence, including potential acquisitions that are subject to non-binding letters of intent or enforceable contracts. Consummation of any transaction is subject to a number of contingencies, including the satisfaction of customary closing conditions. No assurances can be provided that we will acquire any properties in the future. See "Item 1A. Risk Factors - Recent and future acquisitions and development properties may fail to perform in accordance with our expectations and may require renovation and development costs exceeding our estimates" in our 2018 Annual Report on Form 10-K.

On April 12, 2019 , we sold two buildings and land for an aggregate sale price of $32.5 million and expect to record aggregate gains on disposition of property of $6.7 million .

As of March 31, 2019 , we were developing 0.9 million rentable square feet of office properties. The following table summarizes these announced and in-process office developments:

	
																					
Property	 	Market	 	Rentable Square Feet	 	Anticipated Total Investment (1)	 	Investment As Of March 31, 2019 (1) (2)	 	Pre Leased %	 	Estimated Completion	 	Estimated Stabilization	
 	 	 	 	 	 	($ in thousands)	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Mars Petcare - Ovation	 	Nashville	 	223,700		 	$	96,200		 	$	90,217		 	100.0	%	 	3Q19	 	3Q19	
GlenLake Seven (3) (4)	 	Raleigh	 	125,700		 	40,970		 	3,135		 	28.2		 	3Q20	 	4Q21	
Asurion	 	Nashville	 	552,800		 	285,000		 	52,664		 	98.3		 	4Q21	 	1Q22	
 	 	 	 	902,200		 	$	422,170		 	$	146,016		 	89.0	%	 	 	 	 	
__________
		
(1)	Includes deferred lease commissions which are classified in deferred leasing costs on our Consolidated Balance Sheets.	
		
(2)	Excludes land undergoing infrastructure work which is classified in development in-process on our Consolidated Balance Sheets.	
		
(3)	Recorded on our Consolidated Balance Sheets in land held for development, not development in-process.	
		
(4)	Our corporate and Raleigh division personnel will occupy approximately 35,500 square feet.	

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Financing Activity
 
We have entered into separate equity distribution agreements with each of Wells Fargo Securities, LLC, Robert W. Baird & Co. Incorporated, BB&T Capital Markets, a division of BB&T Securities, LLC, Merrill Lynch, Pierce, Fenner & Smith Incorporated, BTIG, LLC, Capital One Securities, Inc., Fifth Third Securities, Inc., Jefferies LLC and J.P. Morgan Securities LLC. Under the terms of the equity distribution agreements, the Company may offer and sell up to $300.0 million in aggregate gross sales price of shares of Common Stock from time to time through such firms, acting as agents of the Company or as principals. Sales of the shares, if any, may be made by means of ordinary brokers’ transactions on the New York Stock Exchange ("NYSE") or otherwise at market prices prevailing at the time of sale, at prices related to prevailing market prices or at negotiated prices or as otherwise agreed with any of such firms.

Our $ 600.0 million unsecured revolving credit facility is scheduled to mature in January 2022 and includes an accordion feature that allows for an additional $400.0 million of borrowing capacity subject to additional lender commitments. Assuming no defaults have occurred, we have an option to extend the maturity for two additional six -month periods. The interest rate at our current credit ratings is LIBOR plus 100 basis points and the annual facility fee is 20 basis points. The interest rate and facility fee are based on the higher of the publicly announced ratings from Moody's Investors Service or Standard & Poor's Ratings Services. There was $135.0 million and $97.0 million outstanding under our revolving credit facility at March 31, 2019 and April 16, 2019 , respectively. At March 31, 2019 and April 16, 2019 , we had $0.2 million and $0.1 million , respectively, of outstanding letters of credit, which reduces the availability on our revolving credit facility. As a result, the unused capacity of our revolving credit facility at March 31, 2019 and April 16, 2019 was $ 464.8 million and $502.9 million , respectively.

During the first quarter of 2019, we prepaid without penalty our $225.0 million , seven -year unsecured bank term loan, which was scheduled to mature in June 2020 . The interest rate on the term loan was LIBOR plus 110 basis points . We recorded $0.4 million of loss on debt extinguishment related to this prepayment.
 
During the first quarter of 2019, the Operating Partnership issued $350.0 million aggregate principal amount of 4.20% notes due April 2029 , less original issuance discount of $1.0 million . These notes were priced to yield 4.234% . During 2018, we obtained an aggregate of $225.0 million notional amount of forward-starting swaps. Upon issuance of the notes, we terminated the forward-starting swaps and paid cash upon settlement. The unrealized loss of $5.1 million in accumulated other comprehensive income will be reclassified to interest expense as interest payments are made on the debt. Underwriting fees and other expenses were incurred that aggregated $3.1 million ; these costs were deferred and will be amortized over the term of the notes. The net effect of the amortization of these items resulted in an effective fixed interest rate of 4.52% .

We are currently in compliance with financial covenants and other requirements with respect to our consolidated debt. Although we expect to remain in compliance with these covenants and ratios for at least the next year, depending upon our future operating performance, property and financing transactions and general economic conditions, we cannot assure you that we will continue to be in compliance.
 
Our revolving credit facility and bank term loans require us to comply with customary operating covenants and various financial requirements. Upon an event of default on the revolving credit facility, the lenders having at least 51.0% of the total commitments under the revolving credit facility can accelerate all borrowings then outstanding, and we could be prohibited from borrowing any further amounts under our revolving credit facility, which would adversely affect our ability to fund our operations. In addition, certain of our unsecured debt agreements contain cross-default provisions giving the unsecured lenders the right to declare a default if we are in default under more than $30.0 million with respect to other loans in some circumstances.

The indenture that governs the Operating Partnership's outstanding notes requires us to comply with customary operating covenants and various financial ratios. The trustee or the holders of at least 25.0% in principal amount of any series of notes can accelerate the principal amount of such series upon written notice of a default that remains uncured after 60 days.
 
We may not be able to repay, refinance or extend any or all of our debt at maturity or upon any acceleration. If any refinancing is done at higher interest rates, the increased interest expense could adversely affect our cash flow and ability to pay distributions. Any such refinancing could also impose tighter financial ratios and other covenants that restrict our ability to take actions that could otherwise be in our best interest, such as funding new development activity, making opportunistic acquisitions, repurchasing our securities or paying distributions.

Dividends and Distributions

To maintain its qualification as a REIT, the Company must pay dividends to stockholders that are at least 90.0% of its annual REIT taxable income, excluding net capital gains. The partnership agreement requires the Operating Partnership to distribute at

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least enough cash for the Company to be able to pay such dividends. The Company's REIT taxable income, as determined by the federal tax laws, does not equal its net income under accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”). In addition, although capital gains are not required to be distributed to maintain REIT status, capital gains, if any, are subject to federal and state income tax unless such gains are distributed to stockholders.
 
Cash dividends and distributions reduce the amount of cash that would otherwise be available for other business purposes, including funding debt maturities, reducing debt or future growth initiatives. The amount of future distributions that will be made is at the discretion of the Company's Board of Directors. For a discussion of the factors that will affect such cash flows and, accordingly, influence the decisions of the Company’s Board of Directors regarding dividends and distributions, see "Item 7. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations - Liquidity and Capital Resources - Dividends and Distributions" in our 2018 Annual Report on Form 10-K.

During the first quarter of 2019 , the Company declared and paid a cash dividend of $0.475 per share of Common Stock.

On April 18, 2019, the Company declared a cash dividend of $0.475 per share of Common Stock, which is payable on June 4, 2019 to stockholders of record as of May 13, 2019.

Current and Future Cash Needs
 
We anticipate that our available cash and cash equivalents, cash flows from operating activities and other available financing sources, including the issuance of debt securities by the Operating Partnership, the issuance of secured debt, bank term loans, borrowings under our revolving credit facility, the issuance of equity securities by the Company or the Operating Partnership and the disposition of non-core assets, will be adequate to meet our short-term liquidity requirements.

We had $4.8 million of cash and cash equivalents as of March 31, 2019 . The unused capacity of our revolving credit facility at March 31, 2019 and April 16, 2019 was $464.8 million and $502.9 million , respectively, excluding an accordion feature that allows for an additional $400.0 million of borrowing capacity subject to additional lender commitments.

We have a currently effective automatic shelf registration statement on Form S-3 with the SEC pursuant to which, at any time and from time to time, in one or more offerings on an as-needed basis, the Company may sell an indefinite amount of common stock, preferred stock and depositary shares and the Operating Partnership may sell an indefinite amount of debt securities, subject to our ability to effect offerings on satisfactory terms based on prevailing market conditions.

The Company from time to time enters into equity distribution agreements with a variety of firms pursuant to which the Company may offer and sell shares of common stock from time to time through such firms, acting as agents of the Company or as principals. Sales of the shares, if any, may be made by means of ordinary brokers’ transactions on the NYSE or otherwise at market prices prevailing at the time of sale, at prices related to prevailing market prices or at negotiated prices or as otherwise agreed with any of such firms (which may include block trades).

During the remainder of 2019, we also expect to sell an additional $68 million to $118 million of properties no longer considered to be core assets due to location, age, quality and/or overall strategic fit. We can make no assurance, however, that we will sell any non-core assets or, if we do, what the timing or terms of any such sale will be.

Critical Accounting Estimates
 
There were no changes made by management to the critical accounting policies in the three months ended March 31, 2019 other than the new lease standard adoption effective January 1, 2019, which changed our policy with respect to estimating credit losses on operating lease receivables. For a description of this policy, see Note 2 to our Consolidated Financial Statements. For a description of all other critical accounting estimates, see “Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations - Critical Accounting Estimates” in our 2018 Annual Report on Form 10-K.

Non-GAAP Information
 
The Company believes that FFO, FFO available for common stockholders and FFO available for common stockholders per share are beneficial to management and investors and are important indicators of the performance of any equity REIT. Because these FFO calculations exclude such factors as depreciation, amortization and impairments of real estate assets and gains or losses from sales of operating real estate assets, which can vary among owners of identical assets in similar conditions based on historical cost accounting and useful life estimates, they facilitate comparisons of operating performance between periods and between other REITs. Management believes that historical cost accounting for real estate assets in accordance with GAAP implicitly assumes

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that the value of real estate assets diminishes predictably over time. Since real estate values have historically risen or fallen with market conditions, management believes the use of FFO, FFO available for common stockholders and FFO available for common stockholders per share, together with the required GAAP presentations, provides a more complete understanding of the Company's performance relative to its competitors and a more informed and appropriate basis on which to make decisions involving operating, financing and investing activities.
 
FFO, FFO available for common stockholders and FFO available for common stockholders per share are non-GAAP financial measures and therefore do not represent net income or net income per share as defined by GAAP. Net income and net income per share as defined by GAAP are the most relevant measures in determining the Company's operating performance because these FFO measures include adjustments that investors may deem subjective, such as adding back expenses such as depreciation, amortization and impairments. Furthermore, FFO available for common stockholders per share does not depict the amount that accrues directly to the stockholders' benefit. Accordingly, FFO, FFO available for common stockholders and FFO available for common stockholders per share should never be considered as alternatives to net income, net income available for common stockholders, or net income available for common stockholders per share as indicators of the Company's operating performance.
 
The Company's presentation of FFO is consistent with FFO as defined by the National Association of Real Estate Investment Trusts, which is calculated as follows:

•	Net income/(loss) computed in accordance with GAAP;	

•	Less net income attributable to noncontrolling interests in consolidated affiliates;	

•	Plus depreciation and amortization of depreciable operating properties;	

•	Less gains, or plus losses, from sales of depreciable operating properties, plus impairments on depreciable operating properties and excluding items that are classified as extraordinary items under GAAP;	

•	Plus or minus our share of adjustments, including depreciation and amortization of depreciable operating properties, for unconsolidated joint venture investments (to reflect funds from operations on the same basis); and	

•	Plus or minus adjustments for depreciation and amortization and gains/(losses) on sales of depreciable operating properties, plus impairments on depreciable operating properties, and noncontrolling interests in consolidated affiliates related to discontinued operations.	
 
In calculating FFO, the Company includes net income attributable to noncontrolling interests in the Operating Partnership, which the Company believes is consistent with standard industry practice for REITs that operate through an UPREIT structure. The Company believes that it is important to present FFO on an as-converted basis since all of the Common Units not owned by the Company are redeemable on a one-for-one basis for shares of its Common Stock.
 
The following table sets forth the Company's FFO, FFO available for common stockholders and FFO available for common stockholders per share ($ in thousands, except per share amounts):

	
								
 	Three Months Ended
March 31,	
 	2019	 	2018	
Funds from operations:	 	 	 	
Net income	$	8,386		 	$	34,246		
Net (income) attributable to noncontrolling interests in consolidated affiliates	(316	)	 	(286	)	
Depreciation and amortization of real estate assets	68,482		 	56,835		
Unconsolidated affiliates:	 	 	 	
Depreciation and amortization of real estate assets	580		 	511		
Funds from operations	77,132		 	91,306		
Dividends on Preferred Stock	(622	)	 	(623	)	
Funds from operations available for common stockholders	$	76,510		 	$	90,683		
Funds from operations available for common stockholders per share	$	0.72		 	$	0.85		
Weighted average shares outstanding (1)	106,357		 	106,165		
__________
		
(1)	Includes assumed conversion of all potentially dilutive Common Stock equivalents.	

39

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In addition, the Company believes NOI and same property NOI are useful supplemental measures of the Company’s property operating performance because such metrics provide a performance measure of the revenues and expenses directly involved in owning real estate assets and a perspective not immediately apparent from net income or FFO. The Company defines NOI as rental and other revenues less rental property and other expenses. The Company defines cash NOI as NOI less lease termination fees, straight-line rent, amortization of lease incentives and amortization of acquired above and below market leases. Other REITs may use different methodologies to calculate NOI, same property NOI and cash NOI.

As of March 31, 2019 , our same property portfolio consisted of 213 in-service properties encompassing 28.9 million rentable square feet that were wholly owned during the entirety of the periods presented (from January 1, 2018 to March 31, 2019 ). As of December 31, 2018 , our same property portfolio consisted of 210 in-service properties encompassing 28.1 million rentable square feet that were wholly owned during the entirety of the periods presented (from January 1, 2017 to December 31, 2018 ). The change in our same property portfolio was due to the addition of three newly developed properties encompassing 0.8 million rentable square feet placed in service during 2017 .

Rental and other revenues related to properties not in our same property portfolio were $8.1 million and $8.7 million for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018 , respectively. Rental property and other expenses related to properties not in our same property portfolio were $2.6 million and $2.2 million for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018 , respectively.

The following table sets forth the Company’s NOI and same property NOI:

	
								
 	Three Months Ended
March 31,	
 	2019	 	2018	
Net income	$	8,386		 	$	34,246		
Equity in earnings of unconsolidated affiliates	(664	)	 	(522	)	
Other (income)/loss	3,766		 	(455	)	
Interest expense	18,739		 	18,391		
General and administrative expenses	12,381		 	11,778		
Depreciation and amortization	69,204		 	57,568		
Net operating income	111,812		 	121,006		
Non same property and other net operating income	(5,514	)	 	(6,406	)	
Same property net operating income	$	106,298		 	$	114,600		
 	 	 	 	
Same property net operating income	$	106,298		 	$	114,600		
Lease termination fees, straight-line rent and other non-cash adjustments	1,967		 	(6,404	)	
Same property cash net operating income	$	108,265		 	$	108,196		

40

Table of Contents

ITEM 3. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK

The effects of potential changes in interest rates are discussed below. Our market risk discussion includes “forward-looking statements” and represents an estimate of possible changes in fair value or future earnings that would occur assuming hypothetical future movements in interest rates. Actual future results may differ materially from those presented. See “Item 2. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations - Liquidity and Capital Resources” and the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for a description of our accounting policies and other information related to these financial instruments.
 
We borrow funds at a combination of fixed and variable rates. Borrowings under our revolving credit facility and bank term loans bear interest at variable rates. Our long-term debt, which consists of secured and unsecured long-term financings, typically bears interest at fixed rates. Our interest rate risk management objectives are to limit generally the impact of interest rate changes on earnings and cash flows and lower our overall borrowing costs. To achieve these objectives, from time to time we enter into interest rate hedge contracts such as collars, swaps, caps and treasury lock agreements in order to mitigate our interest rate risk with respect to existing and prospective debt instruments. We generally do not hold or issue these derivative contracts for trading or speculative purposes.
 
At March 31, 2019 , we had $1,636.9 million principal amount of fixed rate debt outstanding, a $348.9 million increase as compared to December 31, 2018 , excluding debt with a variable rate that is effectively fixed by related interest rate hedge contracts. The estimated aggregate fair market value of this debt was $1,647.2 million . If interest rates had been 100 basis points higher, the aggregate fair market value of our fixed rate debt would have been $94.8 million lower. If interest rates had been 100 basis points lower, the aggregate fair market value of our fixed rate debt would have been $102.8 million higher.
 
At March 31, 2019 , we had $485.0 million of variable rate debt outstanding, a $47.0 million decrease as compared to December 31, 2018 , not protected by interest rate hedge contracts. If the weighted average interest rate on this variable rate debt had been 100 basis points higher, the annual interest expense would increase $4.9 million . If the weighted average interest rate on this variable rate debt had been 100 basis points lower, the annual interest expense would decrease $4.9 million .
 
At March 31, 2019 , we had $50.0 million of variable rate debt outstanding with $50.0 million of related floating-to-fixed interest rate swaps. These swaps effectively fix the underlying one -month LIBOR rate at a weighted average rate of 1.693% . If the underlying LIBOR interest rates increase or decrease by 100 basis points, the aggregate fair market value of the swaps at March 31, 2019 would increase or decrease by $1.3 million .
 
We are exposed to certain losses in the event of nonperformance by the counterparties, which are major financial institutions, under the swaps. We regularly evaluate the financial condition of our counterparties using publicly available information. Based on this review, we currently expect the counterparties to perform fully under the swaps. However, if a counterparty defaults on its obligations under a swap, we could be required to pay the full rates on the applicable debt, even if such rates were in excess of the rate in the contract.

41

Table of Contents

ITEM 4. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES

SEC rules require us to maintain disclosure controls and procedures that are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed in our annual and periodic reports filed with the SEC is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC's rules and forms, and that such information is accumulated and communicated to our management to allow for timely decisions regarding required disclosure. The Company's CEO and CFO have concluded that the disclosure controls and procedures of the Company and the Operating Partnership were each effective at the end of the period covered by this Quarterly Report.

SEC rules also require us to establish and maintain internal control over financial reporting designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. There were no changes in internal control over financial reporting during the three months ended March 31, 2019 that materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, the Company's internal control over financial reporting. There were also no changes in internal control over financial reporting during the three months ended March 31, 2019 that materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, the Operating Partnership's internal control over financial reporting.

42

Table of Contents

PART II - OTHER INFORMATION

ITEM 2. UNREGISTERED SALES OF EQUITY SECURITIES AND USE OF PROCEEDS

During the first quarter of 2019 , the Company issued an aggregate of 3,000 shares of Common Stock to holders of Common Units in the Operating Partnership upon the redemption of a like number of Common Units in private offerings exempt from the registration requirements pursuant to Section 4(2) of the Securities Act. Each of the holders of Common Units was an accredited investor under Rule 501 of the Securities Act. The resale of such shares was registered by the Company under the Securities Act.

The following table sets forth information related to shares of Common Stock surrendered by employees to satisfy tax withholding obligations in connection with the vesting of restricted stock during the first quarter of 2019 :

	
								
 	 	Total Number of Shares Purchased	 	Weighted Average Price Paid per Share	
January 1 to January 31	 	—		 	$	—		
February 1 to February 28	 	—		 	—		
March 1 to March 31	 	38,266		 	46.31		
Total	 	38,266		 	$	46.31		

ITEM 6. EXHIBITS

	
		
Exhibit
Number	Description	
4.1	Form of 4.20% Notes due April 15, 2029 (filed as part of the Company's Current Report on Form 8-K dated March 7, 2019)	
4.2	Officers' Certificate Establishing the Terms of the 4.20% Notes, dated March 7, 2019 (filed as part of the Company's Current Report on Form 8-K dated March 7, 2019)	
31.1	Certification of CEO Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act for the Company	
31.2	Certification of CFO Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act for the Company	
31.3	Certification of CEO Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act for the Operating Partnership	
31.4	Certification of CFO Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act for the Operating Partnership	
32.1	Certification of CEO Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act for the Company	
32.2	Certification of CFO Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act for the Company	
32.3	Certification of CEO Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act for the Operating Partnership	
32.4	Certification of CFO Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act for the Operating Partnership	
101.INS	XBRL Instance Document	
101.SCH	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document	
101.CAL	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document	
101.DEF	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document	
101.LAB	XBRL Extension Labels Linkbase	
101.PRE	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document	

43

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SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, each of the registrants has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

	
		
Highwoods Properties, Inc.
 	
By: 	
/s/ Mark F. Mulhern	
 	Mark F. Mulhern	
 	Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer	

	
		
Highwoods Realty Limited Partnership
 	
By:	Highwoods Properties, Inc., its sole general partner	
By: 	
/s/ Mark F. Mulhern	
 	Mark F. Mulhern	
 	Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer	

Date: April 23, 2019

44

Exhibit 31.1

CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO SECTION 302
OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT

I, Edward J. Fritsch, certify that:

1.	I have reviewed this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q of Highwoods Properties, Inc.;	

2.	Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;	

3.	Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the Registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;	

4.	The Registrant’s other certifying officers and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the Registrant and have:	

(a)	designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the Registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;	

(b)	designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;	

(c)	evaluated the effectiveness of the Registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and	

(d)	disclosed in this report any change in the Registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the Registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the Registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the Registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and	

5.	The Registrant’s other certifying officers and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the Registrant’s auditors and the Audit Committee of the Registrant’s Board of Directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):	

(a)	all significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the Registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and	

(b)	any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the Registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.	

Date: April 23, 2019

	
	
/s/ Edward J. Fritsch	
Edward J. Fritsch
Chief Executive Officer	

Exhibit 31.2

CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO SECTION 302
OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT

I, Mark F. Mulhern, certify that:

1.	I have reviewed this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q of Highwoods Properties, Inc.;	

2.	Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;	

3.	Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the Registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;	

4.	The Registrant’s other certifying officers and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the Registrant and have:	

(a)	designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the Registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;	

(b)	designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;	

(c)	evaluated the effectiveness of the Registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and	

(d)	disclosed in this report any change in the Registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the Registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the Registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the Registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and	

5.	The Registrant’s other certifying officers and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the Registrant’s auditors and the Audit Committee of the Registrant’s Board of Directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):	

(a)	all significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the Registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and	

(b)	any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the Registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.	

Date: April 23, 2019

	
	
/s/ Mark F. Mulhern	
Mark F. Mulhern
Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer	

Exhibit 31.3

CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO SECTION 302
OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT

I, Edward J. Fritsch, certify that:

1.	I have reviewed this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q of Highwoods Realty Limited Partnership;	

2.	Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;	

3.	Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the Registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;	

4.	The Registrant’s other certifying officers and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the Registrant and have:	

(a)	designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the Registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;	

(b)	designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;	

(c)	evaluated the effectiveness of the Registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and	

(d)	disclosed in this report any change in the Registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the Registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the Registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the Registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and	

5.	The Registrant’s other certifying officers and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the Registrant’s auditors and the Audit Committee of the Registrant’s Board of Directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):	

(a)	all significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the Registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and	

(b)	any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the Registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.	

Date: April 23, 2019

	
	
/s/ Edward J. Fritsch	
Edward J. Fritsch
Chief Executive Officer of the General Partner	

Exhibit 31.4

CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO SECTION 302
OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT

I, Mark F. Mulhern, certify that:

1.	I have reviewed this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q of Highwoods Realty Limited Partnership;	

2.	Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;	

3.	Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the Registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;	

4.	The Registrant’s other certifying officers and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the Registrant and have:	

(a)	designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the Registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;	

(b)	designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;	

(c)	evaluated the effectiveness of the Registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and	

(d)	disclosed in this report any change in the Registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the Registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the Registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the Registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and	

5.	The Registrant’s other certifying officers and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the Registrant’s auditors and the Audit Committee of the Registrant’s Board of Directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):	

(a)	all significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the Registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and	

(b)	any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the Registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.	

Date: April 23, 2019

	
	
/s/ Mark F. Mulhern	
Mark F. Mulhern
Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer of the General Partner	

Exhibit 32.1

CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO SECTION 906
OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT

In connection with the Quarterly Report of Highwoods Properties, Inc. (the “Company”) on Form 10-Q for the period ended March 31, 2019 as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof (the “Report”), I, Edward J. Fritsch, Chief Executive Officer of the Company, certify, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. § 1350, as adopted pursuant to § 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that:

1)	The Report fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended; and	
		
2)	The information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company.	

	
	
/s/ Edward J. Fritsch	
Edward J. Fritsch
Chief Executive Officer	
April 23, 2019	

Exhibit 32.2

CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO SECTION 906
OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT

In connection with the Quarterly Report of Highwoods Properties, Inc. (the “Company”) on Form 10-Q for the period ended March 31, 2019 as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof (the “Report”), I, Mark F. Mulhern, Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer of the Company, certify, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. § 1350, as adopted pursuant to § 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that:

1)	The Report fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended; and	
		
2)	The information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company.	

	
	
/s/ Mark F. Mulhern	
Mark F. Mulhern
Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer	
April 23, 2019	

Exhibit 32.3

CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO SECTION 906
OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT

In connection with the Quarterly Report of Highwoods Realty Limited Partnership (the “Operating Partnership”) on Form 10-Q for the period ended March 31, 2019 as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof (the “Report”), I, Edward J. Fritsch, Chief Executive Officer of Highwoods Properties, Inc., general partner of the Operating Partnership, certify, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. § 1350, as adopted pursuant to § 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that:

1)	The Report fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended; and	
		
2)	The information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Operating Partnership.	

	
	
/s/ Edward J. Fritsch	
Edward J. Fritsch
Chief Executive Officer of the General Partner	
April 23, 2019	

Exhibit 32.4

CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO SECTION 906
OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT

In connection with the Quarterly Report of Highwoods Realty Limited Partnership (the “Operating Partnership”) on Form 10-Q for the period ended March 31, 2019 as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof (the “Report”), I, Mark F. Mulhern, Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer of Highwoods Properties, Inc., general partner of the Operating Partnership, certify, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. § 1350, as adopted pursuant to § 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that:

1)	The Report fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended; and	
		
2)	The information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Operating Partnership.	

	
	
/s/ Mark F. Mulhern	
Mark F. Mulhern
Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer of the General Partner	
April 23, 2019