HIGHWOODS PROPERTIES, INC., 10-Q filed on 10/23/2018
Quarterly Report
v3.10.0.1
Document and Entity Information Document - shares
9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2018
Oct. 16, 2018
Entity Information [Line Items]    
Entity Registrant Name HIGHWOODS PROPERTIES INC.  
Entity Central Index Key 0000921082  
Current Fiscal Year End Date --12-31  
Entity Filer Category Large Accelerated Filer  
Document Type 10-Q  
Document Period End Date Sep. 30, 2018  
Document Fiscal Year Focus 2018  
Document Fiscal Period Focus Q3  
Amendment Flag false  
Entity Emerging Growth Company false  
Entity Small Business false  
Entity Common Stock, Shares Outstanding   103,489,326
Highwoods Realty Limited Partnership [Member]    
Entity Information [Line Items]    
Entity Registrant Name HIGHWOODS REALTY LIMITED PARTNERSHIP  
Entity Central Index Key 0000941713  
Current Fiscal Year End Date --12-31  
Entity Filer Category Non-accelerated Filer  
Document Type 10-Q  
Document Period End Date Sep. 30, 2018  
Document Fiscal Year Focus 2018  
Document Fiscal Period Focus Q3  
Amendment Flag false  
v3.10.0.1
Consolidated Balance Sheets - USD ($)
$ in Thousands
Sep. 30, 2018
Dec. 31, 2017
Real estate assets, at cost:    
Land $ 493,426 $ 485,956
Buildings and tenant improvements 4,671,689 4,590,490
Development in-process 166,849 88,452
Land held for development 125,488 74,765
Total real estate assets 5,457,452 5,239,663
Less-accumulated depreciation (1,280,910) (1,202,424)
Net real estate assets 4,176,542 4,037,239
Real estate and other assets, net, held for sale 0 14,118
Cash and cash equivalents 5,324 3,272
Restricted cash 6,955 85,061
Accounts receivable, net of allowance of $1,269 and $753, respectively 24,187 24,397
Mortgages and notes receivable, net of allowance of $52 and $72, respectively 5,659 6,425
Accrued straight-line rents receivable, net of allowance of $726 and $819, respectively 218,111 200,131
Investments in and advances to unconsolidated affiliates 23,371 23,897
Deferred leasing costs, net of accumulated amortization of $147,588 and $143,512, respectively 193,796 200,679
Prepaid expenses and other assets, net of accumulated depreciation of $20,033 and $19,092, respectively 34,466 28,572
Total Assets 4,688,411 4,623,791
Liabilities, Noncontrolling Interests in the Operating Partnership and Equity/Liabilities, Redeemable Operating Partnership Units and Capital:    
Mortgages and notes payable, net 2,087,421 2,014,333
Accounts payable, accrued expenses and other liabilities 229,912 228,215
Total Liabilities 2,317,333 2,242,548
Commitments and contingencies
Noncontrolling interests in the Operating Partnership 132,447 144,009
Equity/Capital:    
Preferred Stock, $.01 par value, 50,000,000 authorized shares; 8.625% Series A Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Shares (liquidation preference $1,000 per share), 28,887 and 28,892 shares issued and outstanding, respectively 28,887 28,892
Common Stock, $.01 par value, 200,000,000 authorized shares; 103,488,326 and 103,266,875 shares issued and outstanding, respectively 1,035 1,033
Additional paid-in capital 2,948,320 2,929,399
Distributions in excess of net income available for common stockholders (774,484) (747,344)
Accumulated other comprehensive income 17,489 7,838
Total Stockholders’ Equity 2,221,247 2,219,818
Noncontrolling interests in consolidated affiliates 17,384 17,416
Total Equity/Capital 2,238,631 2,237,234
Total Liabilities, Noncontrolling Interests in the Operating Partnership and Equity/Total Liabilities, Redeemable Operating Partnership Units and Capital 4,688,411 4,623,791
Highwoods Realty Limited Partnership [Member]    
Real estate assets, at cost:    
Land 493,426 485,956
Buildings and tenant improvements 4,671,689 4,590,490
Development in-process 166,849 88,452
Land held for development 125,488 74,765
Total real estate assets 5,457,452 5,239,663
Less-accumulated depreciation (1,280,910) (1,202,424)
Net real estate assets 4,176,542 4,037,239
Real estate and other assets, net, held for sale 0 14,118
Cash and cash equivalents 5,324 3,272
Restricted cash 6,955 85,061
Accounts receivable, net of allowance of $1,269 and $753, respectively 24,187 24,397
Mortgages and notes receivable, net of allowance of $52 and $72, respectively 5,659 6,425
Accrued straight-line rents receivable, net of allowance of $726 and $819, respectively 218,111 200,131
Investments in and advances to unconsolidated affiliates 23,371 23,897
Deferred leasing costs, net of accumulated amortization of $147,588 and $143,512, respectively 193,796 200,679
Prepaid expenses and other assets, net of accumulated depreciation of $20,033 and $19,092, respectively 34,466 28,572
Total Assets 4,688,411 4,623,791
Liabilities, Noncontrolling Interests in the Operating Partnership and Equity/Liabilities, Redeemable Operating Partnership Units and Capital:    
Mortgages and notes payable, net 2,087,421 2,014,333
Accounts payable, accrued expenses and other liabilities 229,912 228,215
Total Liabilities 2,317,333 2,242,548
Commitments and contingencies
Redeemable Operating Partnership Units:    
Common Units, 2,802,508 and 2,828,704 outstanding, respectively 132,447 144,009
Series A Preferred Units (liquidation preference $1,000 per unit), 28,887 and 28,892 units issued and outstanding, respectively 28,887 28,892
Total Redeemable Operating Partnership Units 161,334 172,901
Equity/Capital:    
General partner Common Units, 1,058,820 and 1,056,868 outstanding, respectively 21,749 21,830
Limited partner Common Units, 102,020,697 and 101,801,198 outstanding, respectively 2,153,122 2,161,258
Accumulated other comprehensive income 17,489 7,838
Noncontrolling interests in consolidated affiliates 17,384 17,416
Total Equity/Capital 2,209,744 2,208,342
Total Liabilities, Noncontrolling Interests in the Operating Partnership and Equity/Total Liabilities, Redeemable Operating Partnership Units and Capital $ 4,688,411 $ 4,623,791
v3.10.0.1
Consolidated Balance Sheets (Parenthetical) - USD ($)
$ in Thousands
9 Months Ended 12 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2018
Dec. 31, 2017
Assets:    
Accounts receivable allowance $ 1,269 $ 753
Mortgages and notes receivable allowance 52 72
Accrued straight-line rents receivable allowance 726 819
Deferred leasing costs, accumulated amortization 147,588 143,512
Prepaid expenses and other assets, accumulated depreciation $ 20,033 $ 19,092
Equity/Capital:    
Series A Preferred Stock, dividend rate percentage (in hundredths) 8.625% 8.625%
Series A Preferred Stock, par value (in dollars per share) $ 0.01 $ 0.01
Series A Preferred Stock, authorized shares (in shares) 50,000,000 50,000,000
Series A Preferred Stock, liquidation preference (in dollars per share) $ 1,000 $ 1,000
Series A Preferred Stock, shares issued (in shares) 28,887 28,892
Series A Preferred Stock, shares outstanding (in shares) 28,887 28,892
Common Stock, par value (in dollars per share) $ 0.01 $ 0.01
Common Stock, authorized shares (in shares) 200,000,000 200,000,000
Common Stock, shares issued (in shares) 103,488,326 103,266,875
Common Stock, shares outstanding (in shares) 103,488,326 103,266,875
Highwoods Realty Limited Partnership [Member]    
Assets:    
Accounts receivable allowance $ 1,269 $ 753
Mortgages and notes receivable allowance 52 72
Accrued straight-line rents receivable allowance 726 819
Deferred leasing costs, accumulated amortization 147,588 143,512
Prepaid expenses and other assets, accumulated depreciation $ 20,033 $ 19,092
Redeemable Operating Partnership Units: [Abstract]    
Redeemable Common Units outstanding (in shares) 2,802,508 2,828,704
Series A Preferred Units, liquidation preference (in dollars per share) $ 1,000 $ 1,000
Series A Preferred Units, issued (in shares) 28,887 28,892
Series A Preferred Units, outstanding (in shares) 28,887 28,892
Common Units: [Abstract]    
General partners' capital account, units outstanding (in shares) 1,058,820 1,056,868
Limited partners' capital account, units outstanding (in shares) 102,020,697 101,801,198
v3.10.0.1
Consolidated Statements of Income - USD ($)
shares in Thousands, $ in Thousands
3 Months Ended 9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2018
Sep. 30, 2017
Sep. 30, 2018
Sep. 30, 2017
Rental and other revenues $ 179,417 $ 180,185 $ 538,647 $ 526,876
Operating expenses:        
Rental property and other expenses 61,153 61,234 180,248 177,484
Depreciation and amortization 57,661 56,973 171,923 168,934
Impairments of real estate assets 0 1,445 0 1,445
General and administrative 9,551 9,247 30,869 29,787
Total operating expenses 128,365 128,899 383,040 377,650
Interest expense:        
Contractual 16,719 16,395 51,579 48,763
Amortization of debt issuance costs 718 796 2,126 2,445
Total interest expense 17,437 17,191 53,705 51,208
Other income:        
Interest and other income 818 558 1,735 1,806
Gains on debt extinguishment 0 0 0 826
Total other income 818 558 1,735 2,632
Income before disposition of investment properties and activity in unconsolidated affiliates 34,433 34,653 103,637 100,650
Gains on disposition of property 3 19,849 16,975 25,181
Equity in earnings of unconsolidated affiliates 573 5,047 1,641 6,757
Net income 35,009 59,549 122,253 132,588
Net (income) attributable to noncontrolling interests in the Operating Partnership (902) (1,571) (3,171) (3,502)
Net (income) attributable to noncontrolling interests in consolidated affiliates (324) (315) (918) (914)
Dividends on Preferred Stock (623) (623) (1,869) (1,869)
Net income available for common stockholders $ 33,160 $ 57,040 $ 116,295 $ 126,303
Earnings per Common Share – basic:        
Net income available for common stockholders (in dollars per share) $ 0.32 $ 0.55 $ 1.12 $ 1.23
Weighted average Common Shares outstanding - basic (in shares) 103,471 103,237 103,408 102,489
Earnings per Common Share - diluted:        
Net income available for common stockholders (in dollars per share) $ 0.32 $ 0.55 $ 1.12 $ 1.23
Weighted average Common Shares outstanding - diluted (in shares) 106,333 106,145 106,256 105,402
Dividends declared per Common Share (in dollars per share) $ 0.4625 $ 0.440 $ 1.3875 $ 1.320
Highwoods Realty Limited Partnership [Member]        
Rental and other revenues $ 179,417 $ 180,185 $ 538,647 $ 526,876
Operating expenses:        
Rental property and other expenses 61,153 61,234 180,248 177,484
Depreciation and amortization 57,661 56,973 171,923 168,934
Impairments of real estate assets 0 1,445 0 1,445
General and administrative 9,551 9,247 30,869 29,787
Total operating expenses 128,365 128,899 383,040 377,650
Interest expense:        
Contractual 16,719 16,395 51,579 48,763
Amortization of debt issuance costs 718 796 2,126 2,445
Total interest expense 17,437 17,191 53,705 51,208
Other income:        
Interest and other income 818 558 1,735 1,806
Gains on debt extinguishment 0 0 0 826
Total other income 818 558 1,735 2,632
Income before disposition of investment properties and activity in unconsolidated affiliates 34,433 34,653 103,637 100,650
Gains on disposition of property 3 19,849 16,975 25,181
Equity in earnings of unconsolidated affiliates 573 5,047 1,641 6,757
Net income 35,009 59,549 122,253 132,588
Net (income) attributable to noncontrolling interests in consolidated affiliates (324) (315) (918) (914)
Distributions on Preferred Units (623) (623) (1,869) (1,869)
Net income available for common unitholders $ 34,062 $ 58,611 $ 119,466 $ 129,805
Earnings per Common Unit - basic:        
Net income available for common unitholders (in dollars per share) $ 0.32 $ 0.55 $ 1.13 $ 1.24
Weighted average Common Units outstanding - basic (in shares) 105,866 105,660 105,808 104,914
Earnings per Common Unit - diluted:        
Net income available for common unitholders (in dollars per share) $ 0.32 $ 0.55 $ 1.13 $ 1.24
Weighted average Common Units outstanding - diluted (in shares) 105,924 105,736 105,847 104,993
Distributions declared per Common Unit (in dollars per unit) $ 0.4625 $ 0.44 $ 1.3875 $ 1.320
v3.10.0.1
Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income - USD ($)
$ in Thousands
3 Months Ended 9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2018
Sep. 30, 2017
Sep. 30, 2018
Sep. 30, 2017
Comprehensive income:        
Net income $ 35,009 $ 59,549 $ 122,253 $ 132,588
Other comprehensive income/(loss):        
Unrealized gains/(losses) on cash flow hedges 2,187 (347) 10,926 (31)
Amortization of cash flow hedges (654) 211 (1,275) 992
Total other comprehensive income/(loss) 1,533 (136) 9,651 961
Total comprehensive income 36,542 59,413 131,904 133,549
Less-comprehensive (income) attributable to noncontrolling interests (1,226) (1,886) (4,089) (4,416)
Comprehensive income attributable to common stockholders/Comprehensive income attributable to common unitholders 35,316 57,527 127,815 129,133
Highwoods Realty Limited Partnership [Member]        
Comprehensive income:        
Net income 35,009 59,549 122,253 132,588
Other comprehensive income/(loss):        
Unrealized gains/(losses) on cash flow hedges 2,187 (347) 10,926 (31)
Amortization of cash flow hedges (654) 211 (1,275) 992
Total other comprehensive income/(loss) 1,533 (136) 9,651 961
Total comprehensive income 36,542 59,413 131,904 133,549
Less-comprehensive (income) attributable to noncontrolling interests (324) (315) (918) (914)
Comprehensive income attributable to common stockholders/Comprehensive income attributable to common unitholders $ 36,218 $ 59,098 $ 130,986 $ 132,635
v3.10.0.1
Consolidated Statements of Equity/Capital - USD ($)
$ in Thousands
Total
Highwoods Realty Limited Partnership [Member]
Common Stock [Member]
Series A Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Shares [Member]
General Partners' Common Units [Member]
Highwoods Realty Limited Partnership [Member]
Limited Partners' Common Units [Member]
Highwoods Realty Limited Partnership [Member]
Additional Paid-in Capital [Member]
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) [Member]
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) [Member]
Highwoods Realty Limited Partnership [Member]
Noncontrolling Interests in Consolidated Affiliates [Member]
Noncontrolling Interests in Consolidated Affiliates [Member]
Highwoods Realty Limited Partnership [Member]
Distributions in Excess of Net Income Available for Common Stockholders [Member]
Balance (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2016     101,665,554                  
Balance at Dec. 31, 2016 $ 2,154,316 $ 2,125,396 $ 1,017 $ 28,920 $ 21,023 $ 2,081,463 $ 2,850,881 $ 4,949 $ 4,949 $ 17,961 $ 17,961 $ (749,412)
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]                        
Issuances of Common Units, net of issuance costs and tax withholdings   70,307     703 69,604            
Distributions on Common Units   (138,577)     (1,386) (137,191)            
Distributions on Preferred Units   (1,869)     (19) (1,850)            
Issuances of Common Stock, net of issuance costs and tax withholdings - Shares     1,464,638                  
Issuances of Common Stock, net of issuance costs and tax withholdings 70,307   $ 15       70,292          
Conversions of Common Units to Common Stock - Shares     8,000                  
Conversions of Common Units to Common Stock 408           408          
Dividends on Common Stock (135,375)                     (135,375)
Dividends on Preferred Stock (1,869)                     (1,869)
Adjustment of noncontrolling interests in the Operating Partnership to fair value (3,297)           (3,297)          
Distributions to noncontrolling interests in consolidated affiliates (1,231) (1,231)               (1,231) (1,231)  
Issuances of restricted stock - shares     110,748                  
Issuances of restricted stock 0                      
Redemptions/repurchases of Preferred Stock (28)     (28)                
Share-based compensation expense, net of forfeitures 5,764 5,764 $ 0   58 5,706 5,764          
Adjustment of Redeemable Common Units to fair value and contributions/distributions from/to the General Partner   (3,189)     (31) (3,158)            
Net (income) attributable to noncontrolling interests in the Operating Partnership (3,502)                     (3,502)
Net (income) attributable to noncontrolling interests in consolidated affiliates 0 0     (9) (905)       914 914 (914)
Comprehensive income:                        
Net income 132,588 132,588     1,326 131,262           132,588
Other comprehensive income 961 961           961 961      
Total comprehensive income 133,549 133,549                    
Balance (in shares) at Sep. 30, 2017     103,248,940                  
Balance at Sep. 30, 2017 $ 2,219,042 2,190,150 $ 1,032 28,892 21,665 2,144,931 2,924,048 5,910 5,910 17,644 17,644 (758,484)
Balance (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2017 103,266,875   103,266,875                  
Balance at Dec. 31, 2017 $ 2,237,234 2,208,342 $ 1,033 28,892 21,830 2,161,258 2,929,399 7,838 7,838 17,416 17,416 (747,344)
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]                        
Issuances of Common Units, net of issuance costs and tax withholdings   1,476     15 1,461            
Distributions on Common Units   (146,763)     (1,467) (145,296)            
Distributions on Preferred Units   (1,869)     (19) (1,850)            
Issuances of Common Stock, net of issuance costs and tax withholdings - Shares     22,815                  
Issuances of Common Stock, net of issuance costs and tax withholdings 1,476   $ 0       1,476          
Conversions of Common Units to Common Stock - Shares     26,196                  
Conversions of Common Units to Common Stock 1,231           1,231          
Dividends on Common Stock (143,435)                     (143,435)
Dividends on Preferred Stock (1,869)                     (1,869)
Adjustment of noncontrolling interests in the Operating Partnership to fair value 9,607           9,607          
Distributions to noncontrolling interests in consolidated affiliates (950) (950)               (950) (950)  
Issuances of restricted stock - shares     172,440                  
Issuances of restricted stock 0                      
Redemptions/repurchases of Preferred Stock (5)     (5)                
Share-based compensation expense, net of forfeitures 6,609 6,609 $ 2   66 6,543 6,607          
Adjustment of Redeemable Common Units to fair value and contributions/distributions from/to the General Partner   10,995     110 10,885            
Net (income) attributable to noncontrolling interests in the Operating Partnership (3,171)                     (3,171)
Net (income) attributable to noncontrolling interests in consolidated affiliates 0 0     (9) (909)       918 918 (918)
Comprehensive income:                        
Net income 122,253 122,253     1,223 121,030           122,253
Other comprehensive income 9,651 9,651           9,651 9,651      
Total comprehensive income $ 131,904 131,904                    
Balance (in shares) at Sep. 30, 2018 103,488,326   103,488,326                  
Balance at Sep. 30, 2018 $ 2,238,631 $ 2,209,744 $ 1,035 $ 28,887 $ 21,749 $ 2,153,122 $ 2,948,320 $ 17,489 $ 17,489 $ 17,384 $ 17,384 $ (774,484)
v3.10.0.1
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows - USD ($)
$ in Thousands
9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2018
Sep. 30, 2017
Operating activities:    
Net income $ 122,253 $ 132,588
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:    
Depreciation and amortization 171,923 168,934
Amortization of lease incentives and acquisition-related intangible assets and liabilities (1,488) (666)
Share-based compensation expense 6,609 5,764
Allowance for losses on accounts and accrued straight-line rents receivable 791 435
Accrued interest on mortgages and notes receivable (336) (391)
Amortization of debt issuance costs 2,126 2,445
Amortization of cash flow hedges (1,275) 992
Amortization of mortgages and notes payable fair value adjustments 1,071 422
Impairments of real estate assets 0 1,445
Gains on debt extinguishment 0 (826)
Net gains on disposition of property (16,975) (25,181)
Equity in earnings of unconsolidated affiliates (1,641) (6,757)
Distributions of earnings from unconsolidated affiliates 1,943 4,815
Settlement of cash flow hedges 7,216 7,322
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:    
Accounts receivable 4,778 916
Prepaid expenses and other assets (1,487) 2,735
Accrued straight-line rents receivable (17,945) (24,473)
Accounts payable, accrued expenses and other liabilities 15,395 (308)
Net cash provided by operating activities 292,958 270,211
Investing activities:    
Investments in acquired real estate and related intangible assets, net of cash acquired (50,649) 0
Investments in development in-process (130,241) (121,367)
Investments in tenant improvements and deferred leasing costs (89,875) (78,691)
Investments in building improvements (52,151) (41,862)
Net proceeds from disposition of real estate assets 35,441 85,538
Distributions of capital from unconsolidated affiliates 105 11,670
Repayments of mortgages and notes receivable 1,137 2,435
Investments in and advances to unconsolidated affiliates 0 (10,063)
Changes in other investing activities (4,671) (5,605)
Net cash used in investing activities (290,904) (157,945)
Financing activities:    
Dividends on Common Stock (143,435) (135,375)
Special dividend on Common Stock 0 (81,205)
Redemptions/repurchases of Preferred Stock (5) (28)
Dividends on Preferred Stock (1,869) (1,869)
Distributions to noncontrolling interests in the Operating Partnership (3,895) (3,742)
Special distribution to noncontrolling interests in the Operating Partnership 0 (2,271)
Distributions to noncontrolling interests in consolidated affiliates (950) (1,231)
Proceeds from the issuance of Common Stock 3,242 75,517
Costs paid for the issuance of Common Stock (95) (1,244)
Repurchase of shares related to tax withholdings (1,671) (3,966)
Borrowings on revolving credit facility 336,400 492,300
Repayments of revolving credit facility (397,400) (420,300)
Borrowings on mortgages and notes payable 345,863 456,001
Repayments of mortgages and notes payable (211,345) (507,114)
Payments of debt extinguishment costs 0 (57)
Changes in debt issuance costs and other financing activities (2,948) (3,688)
Net cash used in financing activities (78,108) (138,272)
Net decrease in cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash (76,054) (26,006)
Cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash at beginning of the period 88,333 78,631
Cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash at end of the period 12,279 52,625
Reconciliation of cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash:    
Cash and cash equivalents at end of the period 5,324 4,864
Restricted cash at end of the period 6,955 47,761
Supplemental disclosure of cash flow information:    
Cash paid for interest, net of amounts capitalized 56,771 50,025
Supplemental disclosure of non-cash investing and financing activities:    
Unrealized gains on cash flow hedges 10,926 (31)
Conversions of Common Units to Common Stock 1,231 408
Changes in accrued capital expenditures (10,396) (6,327)
Write-off of fully depreciated real estate assets 63,820 41,860
Write-off of fully amortized leasing costs 26,660 28,343
Write-off of fully amortized debt issuance costs 2,733 4,324
Adjustment of noncontrolling interests in the Operating Partnership to fair value (9,607) 3,297
Highwoods Realty Limited Partnership [Member]    
Operating activities:    
Net income 122,253 132,588
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:    
Depreciation and amortization 171,923 168,934
Amortization of lease incentives and acquisition-related intangible assets and liabilities (1,488) (666)
Share-based compensation expense 6,609 5,764
Allowance for losses on accounts and accrued straight-line rents receivable 791 435
Accrued interest on mortgages and notes receivable (336) (391)
Amortization of debt issuance costs 2,126 2,445
Amortization of cash flow hedges (1,275) 992
Amortization of mortgages and notes payable fair value adjustments 1,071 422
Impairments of real estate assets 0 1,445
Gains on debt extinguishment 0 (826)
Net gains on disposition of property (16,975) (25,181)
Equity in earnings of unconsolidated affiliates (1,641) (6,757)
Distributions of earnings from unconsolidated affiliates 1,943 4,815
Settlement of cash flow hedges 7,216 7,322
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:    
Accounts receivable 4,778 916
Prepaid expenses and other assets (1,487) 2,735
Accrued straight-line rents receivable (17,945) (24,473)
Accounts payable, accrued expenses and other liabilities 15,395 (308)
Net cash provided by operating activities 292,958 270,211
Investing activities:    
Investments in acquired real estate and related intangible assets, net of cash acquired (50,649) 0
Investments in development in-process (130,241) (121,367)
Investments in tenant improvements and deferred leasing costs (89,875) (78,691)
Investments in building improvements (52,151) (41,862)
Net proceeds from disposition of real estate assets 35,441 85,538
Distributions of capital from unconsolidated affiliates 105 11,670
Repayments of mortgages and notes receivable 1,137 2,435
Investments in and advances to unconsolidated affiliates 0 (10,063)
Changes in other investing activities (4,671) (5,605)
Net cash used in investing activities (290,904) (157,945)
Financing activities:    
Distributions on Common Units (146,763) (138,577)
Special distribution on Common Units 0 (83,149)
Redemptions/repurchases of Preferred Units (5) (28)
Distributions on Preferred Units (1,869) (1,869)
Distributions to noncontrolling interests in consolidated affiliates (950) (1,231)
Proceeds from the issuance of Common Units 3,242 75,517
Costs paid for the issuance of Common Units (95) (1,244)
Repurchase of units related to tax withholdings (1,671) (3,966)
Borrowings on revolving credit facility 336,400 492,300
Repayments of revolving credit facility (397,400) (420,300)
Borrowings on mortgages and notes payable 345,863 456,001
Repayments of mortgages and notes payable (211,345) (507,114)
Payments of debt extinguishment costs 0 (57)
Changes in debt issuance costs and other financing activities (3,515) (4,555)
Net cash used in financing activities (78,108) (138,272)
Net decrease in cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash (76,054) (26,006)
Cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash at beginning of the period 88,333 78,631
Cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash at end of the period 12,279 52,625
Reconciliation of cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash:    
Cash and cash equivalents at end of the period 5,324 4,864
Restricted cash at end of the period 6,955 47,761
Supplemental disclosure of cash flow information:    
Cash paid for interest, net of amounts capitalized 56,771 50,025
Supplemental disclosure of non-cash investing and financing activities:    
Unrealized gains on cash flow hedges 10,926 (31)
Changes in accrued capital expenditures (10,396) (6,327)
Write-off of fully depreciated real estate assets 63,820 41,860
Write-off of fully amortized leasing costs 26,660 28,343
Write-off of fully amortized debt issuance costs 2,733 4,324
Adjustment of Redeemable Common Units to fair value $ (11,562) $ 2,649
v3.10.0.1
Description of Business and Significant Accounting Policies
9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2018
Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements [Abstract]  
Description of Business and Significant Accounting Policies
Description of Business and Significant Accounting Policies

Description of Business

Highwoods Properties, Inc. (the “Company”) is a fully integrated real estate investment trust (“REIT”) that provides leasing, management, development, construction and other customer-related services for its properties and for third parties. The Company conducts its activities through Highwoods Realty Limited Partnership (the “Operating Partnership”). At September 30, 2018, we owned or had an interest in 30.7 million rentable square feet of in-service properties, 1.8 million rentable square feet of properties under development and approximately 350 acres of development land.
 
The Company is the sole general partner of the Operating Partnership. At September 30, 2018, the Company owned all of the Preferred Units and 103.1 million, or 97.4%, of the Common Units in the Operating Partnership. Limited partners owned the remaining 2.8 million Common Units. During the nine months ended September 30, 2018, the Company redeemed 26,196 Common Units for a like number of shares of Common Stock.

Basis of Presentation
 
Our Consolidated Financial Statements are prepared in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”).

The Company's Consolidated Financial Statements include the Operating Partnership, wholly owned subsidiaries and those entities in which the Company has the controlling interest. The Operating Partnership's Consolidated Financial Statements include wholly owned subsidiaries and those entities in which the Operating Partnership has the controlling interest. All intercompany transactions and accounts have been eliminated.

The unaudited interim consolidated financial statements and accompanying unaudited consolidated financial information, in the opinion of management, contain all adjustments (including normal recurring accruals) necessary for a fair presentation of our financial position, results of operations and cash flows. We have condensed or omitted certain notes and other information from the interim Consolidated Financial Statements presented in this Quarterly Report as permitted by SEC rules and regulations. These Consolidated Financial Statements should be read in conjunction with our 2017 Annual Report on Form 10-K.

Use of Estimates

The preparation of consolidated financial statements in accordance with GAAP requires us to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in our Consolidated Financial Statements and accompanying notes. Actual results could differ from those estimates.

Insurance

Beginning in 2018, we are primarily self-insured for health care claims for participating employees. We have stop-loss coverage to limit our exposure to significant claims on a per claim and annual aggregate basis. We determine our liabilities for claims, including incurred but not reported losses, based on all relevant information, including actuarial estimates of claim liabilities. At September 30, 2018, a reserve of $0.6 million was recorded to cover estimated reported and unreported claims.

1.    Description of Business and Significant Accounting Policies – Continued
Recently Issued Accounting Standards
 
The Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") issued an accounting standards update ("ASU") that superseded the revenue recognition requirements under previous guidance, which we adopted as of January 1, 2018. Several updates have been issued subsequently that are intended to promote a more consistent interpretation and application of the principles outlined in the ASU. The ASU requires the use of a new five-step model to recognize revenue from contracts with customers. The five-step model requires that we identify the contract with the customer, identify the performance obligations in the contract, determine the transaction price, allocate the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract and recognize revenue when we satisfy the performance obligations. We are also required to disclose information regarding the nature, amount, timing and uncertainty of revenue and cash flows arising from contracts with customers. In analyzing our contracts with customers, we determined that the most material potential impact from the adoption of this ASU would be in how revenue is recognized for sales of real estate with continuing involvement. Prior to the adoption of this ASU, profit for such sales transactions was recognized and then reduced by the maximum exposure to loss related to the nature of the continuing involvement at the time of sale. Upon adoption of this ASU, any continuing involvement must be analyzed as a separate performance obligation in the contract and a portion of the sales price allocated to each performance obligation. When the continuing involvement performance obligation is satisfied, the sales price allocated to it will be recognized. We had no sales of real estate with continuing involvement during the nine months ended September 30, 2018 or prior periods; however, we will use such methodology for any future real estate sales with continuing involvement. Our internal controls with respect to accounting for such sales have been updated accordingly. Adoption of this ASU resulted in no other changes with respect to the timing of revenue recognition or internal controls related to contracts other than leases, such as management, development and construction fees and transient parking income, all of which are not material to our Consolidated Financial Statements. As such, there is no cumulative-effect adjustment from the adoption of this ASU reflected in our Consolidated Financial Statements.
 
The FASB issued an ASU that requires entities to show changes in total cash, cash equivalents, restricted cash and restricted cash equivalents in the statement of cash flows. As a result, restricted cash and restricted cash equivalents will be included with cash and cash equivalents when reconciling the beginning of period and end of period balances rather than presented as transfers between cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash and restricted cash equivalents in the statement of cash flows. We adopted the ASU as of January 1, 2018 with retrospective application to our Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows. Accordingly, our Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows present a reconciliation of the changes in cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash. The effect of the adoption resulted in an $18.6 million decrease in net cash used in investing activities for the nine months ended September 30, 2017. Restricted cash represents cash deposits that are legally restricted or held by third parties on our behalf, such as construction-related escrows, property disposition proceeds set aside and designated or intended to fund future tax-deferred exchanges of qualifying real estate investments and escrows and reserves for debt service, real estate taxes and property insurance established pursuant to certain mortgage financing arrangements.
 
The FASB issued an ASU that clarifies and narrows the definition of a business used in determining whether to account for a transaction as an asset acquisition or business combination. The guidance requires evaluation of the fair value of the assets acquired to determine if it is concentrated in a single identifiable asset or a group of similar identifiable assets. If so, the transferred assets would not be a business. The guidance also requires a business to include at least one substantive process and narrows the definition of outputs. We adopted the ASU prospectively as of January 1, 2018. We expect that the majority of our future acquisitions would not meet the definition of a business; therefore, the related acquisition costs would be capitalized as part of the purchase price.
 
The FASB issued an ASU that clarifies when changes to the terms or conditions of a share-based payment award must be accounted for as modifications. The guidance requires modification accounting if the value, vesting conditions or classification of the award changes. We adopted the ASU as of January 1, 2018 with no effect on our Consolidated Financial Statements.


1.    Description of Business and Significant Accounting Policies – Continued
 
The FASB issued an ASU that sets out the principles for the recognition, measurement, presentation and disclosure of leases for both lessees and lessors. The new standard requires lessors to account for leases using an approach that is substantially equivalent to existing guidance for sales-type leases, direct financing leases and operating leases. In addition, the guidance requires lessors to capitalize and amortize only incremental direct leasing costs. The new standard requires lessees to apply a dual approach, classifying leases as either finance or operating leases based on the principle of whether or not the lease is effectively a financed purchase by the lessee. This classification will determine whether lease expense is recognized based on an effective interest method or on a straight-line basis over the term of the lease, respectively. A lessee is also required to record a right of use asset and a lease liability for all leases with a term of greater than a year regardless of their classification. Leases with a term of a year or less will be accounted for in the same manner as operating leases today. The guidance supersedes previously issued guidance under ASC Topic 840 “Leases.”

An entity may elect a package of practical expedients, which allows for the following:
 
An entity need not reassess whether any expired or existing contracts are or contain leases;
 
An entity need not reassess the lease classification for any expired or existing leases; and
 
An entity need not reassess initial direct costs for any existing leases.
 
This package of practical expedients is available as a single election that must be consistently applied to all existing leases at the date of adoption.

Furthermore, the FASB finalized an amendment that allows entities to present comparative periods, in the year of adoption, under ASC 840, which effectively allows for an initial date of adoption of January 1, 2019. The amendment also provides a practical expedient to lessors that removes the requirement to separate lease and non-lease components, provided certain conditions are met.

Our analysis of our leases indicates that the lease component is the predominant component, that the timing and pattern of transfer of our material non-lease components (primarily cost recovery income) are the same as the lease components and the lease component, if it were accounted for separately, would be classified as an operating lease. As such, we believe the adoption of the ASU will not significantly change the accounting or the related internal controls for rental and other revenues from operating leases where we are the lessor, and that such leases will be accounted for in a manner similar to existing standards with the underlying leased asset being reported and recognized as a real estate asset. Upon the adoption of the ASU, we will no longer be able to capitalize and amortize certain leasing related costs and instead will expense these costs as incurred. Such capitalized costs have averaged approximately $2.5 million annually.

Leases where we are the lessee include primarily our operating ground leases. We currently believe that existing ground leases executed before the adoption date will continue to be accounted for as operating leases and the new guidance will not have a material impact on our recognition of ground lease expense or our results of operations. However, we will be required to recognize a right of use asset and a lease liability on our Consolidated Balance Sheets equal to the present value of the minimum lease payments required under each ground lease. See Note 8 to our Consolidated Financial Statements in our 2017 Annual Report on Form 10-K for information regarding our ground lease commitments.

We will adopt the new ASU effective January 1, 2019 using the modified retrospective approach and will elect the use of all practical expedients provided by the ASU and related amendments as mentioned above.

The FASB issued an ASU that eliminates the requirement to separately measure and report hedge ineffectiveness and generally requires the entire change in the fair value of a hedging instrument to be presented in the same income statement line as the hedged item when the hedged item affects earnings. The ASU is required to be adopted in 2019 using a modified retrospective approach. We do not expect such adoption to have a material effect on our Consolidated Financial Statements.
 

1.    Description of Business and Significant Accounting Policies – Continued
 
The FASB issued an ASU that requires, among other things, the use of a new current expected credit loss ("CECL") model in determining our allowances for doubtful accounts with respect to accounts receivable, accrued straight-line rents receivable and mortgages and notes receivable. The CECL model requires that we estimate our lifetime expected credit loss with respect to these receivables and record allowances that, when deducted from the balance of the receivables, represent the net amounts expected to be collected. We will also be required to disclose information about how we developed the allowances, including changes in the factors (e.g., portfolio mix, credit trends, unemployment, gross domestic product, etc.) that influenced our estimate of expected credit losses and the reasons for those changes. We continue to monitor FASB activity with respect to a recent proposal to exclude operating lease receivables from the scope of this ASU. We will apply the ASU’s provisions as a cumulative-effect adjustment to retained earnings upon adoption in 2020. We are in the process of evaluating this ASU.

The FASB issued an ASU that changes certain disclosure requirements for fair value measurements. The ASU is required to be adopted in 2020 and applied prospectively. We do not expect such adoption to have a material effect on our Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
v3.10.0.1
Real Estate Assets
9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2018
Real Estate [Abstract]  
Real Estate Assets
Real Estate Assets
Acquisitions
During the first quarter of 2018, we acquired two development parcels totaling approximately nine acres in Nashville for an aggregate purchase price, including capitalized acquisition costs, of $50.6 million.
 
Dispositions
 
During the third quarter of 2018, we sold various land parcels for an aggregate sale price of $2.1 million and recorded nominal aggregate gains on disposition of property.
 
During the second quarter of 2018, we sold a building and various land parcels for an aggregate sale price of $34.0 million and recorded aggregate gains on disposition of property of $17.0 million.
v3.10.0.1
Mortgages and Notes Receivable
9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2018
Receivables [Abstract]  
Mortgages and Notes Receivable
Mortgages and Notes Receivable
Mortgages and notes receivable were $5.7 million and $6.4 million at September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively. We evaluate the ability to collect our mortgages and notes receivable by monitoring the leasing statistics and/or market fundamentals of these assets. As of September 30, 2018, our mortgages and notes receivable were not in default and there were no other indicators of impairment.
v3.10.0.1
Intangible Assets and Below Market Lease Liabilities
9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2018
Goodwill and Intangible Assets Disclosure [Abstract]  
Intangible Assets and Below Market Lease Liabilities
Intangible Assets and Below Market Lease Liabilities
 
The following table sets forth total intangible assets and acquisition-related below market lease liabilities, net of accumulated amortization:
 
 
September 30,
2018
 
December 31,
2017
Assets:
 
 
 
Deferred leasing costs (including lease incentives and above market lease and in-place lease acquisition-related intangible assets)
$
341,384

 
$
344,191

Less accumulated amortization
(147,588
)
 
(143,512
)
 
$
193,796

 
$
200,679

Liabilities (in accounts payable, accrued expenses and other liabilities):
 
 
 
Acquisition-related below market lease liabilities
$
58,698

 
$
59,947

Less accumulated amortization
(31,519
)
 
(28,214
)
 
$
27,179

 
$
31,733

 
The following table sets forth amortization of intangible assets and below market lease liabilities:
 
 
Three Months Ended
September 30,
 
Nine Months Ended
September 30,
 
2018
 
2017
 
2018
 
2017
Amortization of deferred leasing costs and acquisition-related intangible assets (in depreciation and amortization)
$
8,969

 
$
10,130

 
$
27,671

 
$
30,882

Amortization of lease incentives (in rental and other revenues)
$
452

 
$
444

 
$
1,357

 
$
1,284

Amortization of acquisition-related intangible assets (in rental and other revenues)
$
415

 
$
671

 
$
1,292

 
$
2,382

Amortization of acquisition-related intangible assets (in rental property and other expenses)
$
140

 
$
140

 
$
416

 
$
416

Amortization of acquisition-related below market lease liabilities (in rental and other revenues)
$
(1,535
)
 
$
(1,576
)
 
$
(4,553
)
 
$
(4,748
)

The following table sets forth scheduled future amortization of intangible assets and below market lease liabilities:
 
 
 
Amortization of Deferred Leasing Costs and Acquisition-Related Intangible Assets (in Depreciation and Amortization)
 
Amortization of Lease Incentives (in Rental and Other Revenues)
 
Amortization of Acquisition-Related Intangible Assets (in Rental and Other Revenues)
 
Amortization of Acquisition-Related Intangible Assets (in Rental Property and Other Expenses)
 
Amortization of Acquisition-Related Below Market Lease Liabilities (in Rental and Other Revenues)
October 1 through December 31, 2018
 
$
9,395

 
$
453

 
$
369

 
$
136

 
$
(1,442
)
2019
 
34,011

 
1,647

 
1,273

 
553

 
(5,425
)
2020
 
29,391

 
1,360

 
959

 
518

 
(5,169
)
2021
 
24,873

 
1,132

 
632

 

 
(4,362
)
2022
 
20,584

 
915

 
462

 

 
(3,258
)
Thereafter
 
58,398

 
5,327

 
1,408

 

 
(7,523
)
 
 
$
176,652

 
$
10,834

 
$
5,103

 
$
1,207

 
$
(27,179
)
Weighted average remaining amortization periods as of September 30, 2018 (in years)
 
7.4

 
10.1

 
6.5

 
2.2

 
6.1

v3.10.0.1
Mortgages and Notes Payable
9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2018
Debt Disclosure [Abstract]  
Mortgages and Notes Payable
Mortgages and Notes Payable
 
The following table sets forth our mortgages and notes payable:
 
 
September 30,
2018
 
December 31,
2017
Secured indebtedness
$
97,636

 
$
98,981

Unsecured indebtedness
1,999,439

 
1,923,513

Less-unamortized debt issuance costs
(9,654
)
 
(8,161
)
Total mortgages and notes payable, net
$
2,087,421

 
$
2,014,333


 
At September 30, 2018, our secured mortgage loans were collateralized by real estate assets with an aggregate undepreciated book value of $147.6 million.
 
Our $600.0 million unsecured revolving credit facility is scheduled to mature in January 2022 and includes an accordion feature that allows for an additional $400.0 million of borrowing capacity subject to additional lender commitments. Assuming no defaults have occurred, we have an option to extend the maturity for two additional six-month periods. The interest rate at our current credit ratings is LIBOR plus 100 basis points and the annual facility fee is 20 basis points. There was $184.0 million and $173.0 million outstanding under our revolving credit facility at September 30, 2018 and October 16, 2018, respectively. At both September 30, 2018 and October 16, 2018, we had $0.4 million of outstanding letters of credit, which reduces the availability on our revolving credit facility. As a result, the unused capacity of our revolving credit facility at September 30, 2018 and October 16, 2018 was $415.6 million and $426.6 million, respectively.
 
During the second quarter of 2018, we paid off at maturity $200.0 million principal amount of 7.5% unsecured notes.
 
During the first quarter of 2018, the Operating Partnership issued $350.0 million aggregate principal amount of 4.125% notes due 2028, less original issuance discount of $4.1 million. These notes were priced to yield 4.271%. Underwriting fees and other expenses were incurred that aggregated $2.9 million; these costs were deferred and will be amortized over the term of the notes.
 
We are currently in compliance with financial covenants with respect to our consolidated debt.
 
We have considered our short-term liquidity needs and the adequacy of our estimated cash flows from operating activities and other available financing sources to meet these needs. We intend to meet these short-term liquidity requirements through a combination of the following:
 
available cash and cash equivalents;
 
cash flows from operating activities;
 
issuance of debt securities by the Operating Partnership (some of which debt securities may be hedged to a fixed interest rate pursuant to the forward-starting swaps referred to in Note 6);
 
issuance of secured debt;
 
bank term loans;
 
borrowings under our revolving credit facility;
 
issuance of equity securities by the Company or the Operating Partnership; and
 
the disposition of non-core assets.
v3.10.0.1
Derivative Financial Instruments
9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2018
Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities Disclosure [Abstract]  
Derivative Financial Instruments
Derivative Financial Instruments

During the second quarter of 2018, we entered into $150.0 million notional amount of forward-starting swaps that effectively lock the underlying 10-year treasury rate at 2.91% with respect to a planned issuance of debt securities by the Operating Partnership expected to occur prior to June 11, 2019.

During 2017, we entered into $150.0 million notional amount of forward-starting swaps that effectively locked the underlying 10-year treasury rate at 2.44% with respect to a planned issuance of debt securities by the Operating Partnership. Upon issuance of the $350.0 million aggregate principal amount of 4.125% notes due 2028 during the first quarter of 2018, we terminated the forward-starting swaps resulting in an unrealized gain of $7.0 million in accumulated other comprehensive income and a gain of $0.2 million of hedge ineffectiveness in interest expense.

The counterparties under our swaps are major financial institutions. The swap agreements contain a provision whereby if we default on certain of our indebtedness and which default results in repayment of such indebtedness being, or becoming capable of being, accelerated by the lender, then we could also be declared in default on our swaps.

Our interest rate swaps have been designated as and are being accounted for as cash flow hedges with the effective portion of changes in fair value recorded in other comprehensive income each reporting period. No significant gain or loss was recognized related to hedge ineffectiveness or to amounts excluded from effectiveness testing on our cash flow hedges during the nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017. We have no collateral requirements related to our interest rate swaps.
 
Amounts reported in accumulated other comprehensive income related to derivatives will be reclassified to interest expense as interest payments are made on our debt. During the period from October 1, 2018 through September 30, 2019, we estimate that $2.5 million will be reclassified as a decrease to interest expense.

The following table sets forth the fair value of our derivatives:
 
 
September 30,
2018
 
December 31,
2017
Derivatives:
 
 
 
Derivatives designated as cash flow hedges in prepaid expenses and other assets:
 
 
 
Interest rate swaps
$
4,773

 
$
1,286


 
The following table sets forth the effect of our cash flow hedges on accumulated other comprehensive income and interest expense:
 
 
Three Months Ended
September 30,
 
Nine Months Ended
September 30,
 
2018
 
2017
 
2018
 
2017
Derivatives Designated as Cash Flow Hedges:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Amount of unrealized gains/(losses) recognized in accumulated other comprehensive income on derivatives (effective portion):
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Interest rate swaps
$
2,187

 
$
(347
)
 
$
10,926

 
$
(31
)
Amount of (gains)/losses reclassified out of accumulated other comprehensive income into contractual interest expense (effective portion):
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Interest rate swaps
$
(654
)
 
$
211

 
$
(1,275
)
 
$
992

v3.10.0.1
Noncontrolling Interests
9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2018
Noncontrolling Interest [Abstract]  
Noncontrolling Interests
Noncontrolling Interests

Noncontrolling Interests in Consolidated Affiliates
 
At September 30, 2018, our noncontrolling interests in consolidated affiliates relate to our joint venture partner's 50.0% interest in office properties in Richmond. Our joint venture partner is an unrelated third party.

Noncontrolling Interests in the Operating Partnership

The following table sets forth the Company's noncontrolling interests in the Operating Partnership:
 
 
Nine Months Ended
September 30,
 
2018
 
2017
Beginning noncontrolling interests in the Operating Partnership
$
144,009

 
$
144,802

Adjustment of noncontrolling interests in the Operating Partnership to fair value
(9,607
)
 
3,297

Conversions of Common Units to Common Stock
(1,231
)
 
(408
)
Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests in the Operating Partnership
3,171

 
3,502

Distributions to noncontrolling interests in the Operating Partnership
(3,895
)
 
(3,742
)
Total noncontrolling interests in the Operating Partnership
$
132,447

 
$
147,451


The following table sets forth net income available for common stockholders and transfers from the Company's noncontrolling interests in the Operating Partnership:
 
 
Three Months Ended
September 30,
 
Nine Months Ended
September 30,
 
2018
 
2017
 
2018
 
2017
Net income available for common stockholders
$
33,160

 
$
57,040

 
$
116,295

 
$
126,303

Increase in additional paid in capital from conversions of Common Units
to Common Stock
147

 
103

 
1,231

 
408

Change from net income available for common stockholders and transfers from noncontrolling interests
$
33,307

 
$
57,143

 
$
117,526

 
$
126,711

v3.10.0.1
Disclosure About Fair Value of Financial Instruments
9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2018
Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract]  
Disclosure About Fair Value of Financial Instruments
Disclosure About Fair Value of Financial Instruments

The following summarizes the levels of inputs that we use to measure fair value.

Level 1.  Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.

Our Level 1 asset is our investment in marketable securities that we use to pay benefits under our non-qualified deferred compensation plan. Our Level 1 liability is our non-qualified deferred compensation obligation. The Company's Level 1 noncontrolling interests in the Operating Partnership relate to the ownership of Common Units by various individuals and entities other than the Company.

Level 2. Observable inputs other than Level 1 prices, such as quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities, quoted prices in markets that are not active or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data for substantially the full term of the related assets or liabilities.

Our Level 2 assets include the fair value of our mortgages and notes receivable and interest rate swaps. Our Level 2 liabilities include the fair value of our mortgages and notes payable.


8.
Disclosure About Fair Value of Financial Instruments - Continued

The fair value of mortgages and notes receivable and mortgages and notes payable is estimated by the income approach utilizing contractual cash flows and market-based interest rates to approximate the price that would be paid in an orderly transaction between market participants. The fair value of interest rate swaps is determined using the market standard methodology of netting the discounted future fixed cash receipts and the discounted expected variable cash payments. The variable cash payments of interest rate swaps are based on the expectation of future interest rates (forward curves) derived from observed market interest rate curves. In addition, credit valuation adjustments are considered in the fair values to account for potential nonperformance risk, but were concluded to not be significant inputs to the calculation for the periods presented.

The following table sets forth our assets and liabilities and the Company's noncontrolling interests in the Operating Partnership that are measured or disclosed at fair value within the fair value hierarchy.
 
 
 
 
Level 1
 
Level 2
 
 
Total
 
Quoted Prices
in Active
Markets for Identical Assets or Liabilities
 
Significant Observable Inputs
Fair Value at September 30, 2018:
 
 
 
 
 
 
Assets:
 
 
 
 
 
 
Mortgages and notes receivable, at fair value (1)
 
$
5,659

 
$

 
$
5,659

Interest rate swaps (in prepaid expenses and other assets)
 
4,773

 

 
4,773

Marketable securities of non-qualified deferred compensation plan (in prepaid expenses and other assets)
 
2,135

 
2,135

 

Total Assets
 
$
12,567

 
$
2,135

 
$
10,432

Noncontrolling Interests in the Operating Partnership
 
$
132,447

 
$
132,447

 
$

Liabilities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
Mortgages and notes payable, net, at fair value (1)
 
$
2,049,292

 
$

 
$
2,049,292

Non-qualified deferred compensation obligation (in accounts payable, accrued expenses and other liabilities)
 
2,135

 
2,135

 

Total Liabilities
 
$
2,051,427

 
$
2,135

 
$
2,049,292

Fair Value at December 31, 2017:
 
 
 
 
 
 
Assets:
 
 
 
 
 
 
Mortgages and notes receivable, at fair value (1)
 
$
6,425

 
$

 
$
6,425

Interest rate swaps (in prepaid expenses and other assets)
 
1,286

 

 
1,286

Marketable securities of non-qualified deferred compensation plan (in prepaid expenses and other assets)
 
2,388

 
2,388

 

Total Assets
 
$
10,099

 
$
2,388

 
$
7,711

Noncontrolling Interests in the Operating Partnership
 
$
144,009

 
$
144,009

 
$

Liabilities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
Mortgages and notes payable, net, at fair value (1)
 
$
2,015,689

 
$

 
$
2,015,689

Non-qualified deferred compensation obligation (in accounts payable, accrued expenses and other liabilities)
 
2,388

 
2,388

 

Total Liabilities
 
$
2,018,077

 
$
2,388

 
$
2,015,689


__________
(1)    Amounts recorded at historical cost on our Consolidated Balance Sheets at September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017.
v3.10.0.1
Share-Based Payments
9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2018
Disclosure of Compensation Related Costs, Share-based Payments [Abstract]  
Share-Based Payments
Share-Based Payments
 
During the nine months ended September 30, 2018, the Company granted 94,984 shares of time-based restricted stock and 77,456 shares of total return-based restricted stock with weighted average grant date fair values per share of $43.01 and $40.81, respectively. We recorded share-based compensation expense of $1.1 million and $0.9 million during the three months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively, and $6.6 million and $5.8 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively. At September 30, 2018, there was $5.8 million of total unrecognized share-based compensation costs, which will be recognized over a weighted average remaining contractual term of 2.4 years.
v3.10.0.1
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income
9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2018
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss), Net of Tax [Abstract]  
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income
 
The following table sets forth the components of accumulated other comprehensive income:
 
 
Three Months Ended
September 30,
 
Nine Months Ended
September 30,
 
2018
 
2017
 
2018
 
2017
Cash flow hedges:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Beginning balance
$
15,956

 
$
6,046

 
$
7,838

 
$
4,949

Unrealized gains/(losses) on cash flow hedges
2,187

 
(347
)
 
10,926

 
(31
)
Amortization of cash flow hedges (1)
(654
)
 
211

 
(1,275
)
 
992

Total accumulated other comprehensive income
$
17,489


$
5,910

 
$
17,489

 
$
5,910

__________
(1)    Amounts reclassified out of accumulated other comprehensive income into contractual interest expense.
v3.10.0.1
Real Estate and Other Assets Held For Sale
9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2018
Discontinued Operations and Disposal Groups [Abstract]  
Real Estate and Other Assets Held For Sale
Real Estate and Other Assets Held For Sale

The following table sets forth the assets held for sale at September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, which are considered non-core:
 
 
September 30,
2018
 
December 31,
2017
Assets:
 
 
 
Land
$

 
$
870

Buildings and tenant improvements

 
21,318

Land held for development

 
355

Less-accumulated depreciation

 
(9,304
)
Net real estate assets

 
13,239

Accrued straight-line rents receivable

 
591

Deferred leasing costs, net

 
253

Prepaid expenses and other assets

 
35

Real estate and other assets, net, held for sale
$

 
$
14,118

v3.10.0.1
Earnings Per Share and Per Unit
9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2018
Earnings Per Share [Abstract]  
Earnings Per Share and Per Unit
Earnings Per Share and Per Unit

The following table sets forth the computation of basic and diluted earnings per share of the Company:

 
Three Months Ended
September 30,
 
Nine Months Ended
September 30,
 
2018
 
2017
 
2018
 
2017
Earnings per Common Share - basic:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Numerator:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net income
$
35,009

 
$
59,549

 
$
122,253

 
$
132,588

Net (income) attributable to noncontrolling interests in the Operating Partnership
(902
)
 
(1,571
)
 
(3,171
)
 
(3,502
)
Net (income) attributable to noncontrolling interests in consolidated affiliates
(324
)
 
(315
)
 
(918
)
 
(914
)
Dividends on Preferred Stock
(623
)
 
(623
)
 
(1,869
)
 
(1,869
)
Net income available for common stockholders
$
33,160

 
$
57,040

 
$
116,295

 
$
126,303

Denominator:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Denominator for basic earnings per Common Share – weighted average shares
103,471

 
103,237

 
103,408

 
102,489

Net income available for common stockholders
$
0.32

 
$
0.55

 
$
1.12

 
$
1.23

Earnings per Common Share - diluted:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Numerator:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net income
$
35,009

 
$
59,549

 
$
122,253

 
$
132,588

Net (income) attributable to noncontrolling interests in consolidated affiliates
(324
)
 
(315
)
 
(918
)
 
(914
)
Dividends on Preferred Stock
(623
)
 
(623
)
 
(1,869
)
 
(1,869
)
Net income available for common stockholders before net (income) attributable to noncontrolling interests in the Operating Partnership
$
34,062

 
$
58,611

 
$
119,466

 
$
129,805

Denominator:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Denominator for basic earnings per Common Share – weighted average shares
103,471

 
103,237

 
103,408

 
102,489

Add:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Stock options using the treasury method
58

 
76

 
39

 
79

Noncontrolling interests Common Units
2,804

 
2,832

 
2,809

 
2,834

Denominator for diluted earnings per Common Share – adjusted weighted average shares and assumed conversions (1)
106,333

 
106,145

 
106,256

 
105,402

Net income available for common stockholders
$
0.32

 
$
0.55

 
$
1.12

 
$
1.23

__________
(1)
Includes all unvested restricted stock where dividends on such restricted stock are non-forfeitable.

12.
Earnings Per Share and Per Unit - Continued

The following table sets forth the computation of basic and diluted earnings per unit of the Operating Partnership:
 
 
Three Months Ended
September 30,
 
Nine Months Ended
September 30,
 
2018
 
2017
 
2018
 
2017
Earnings per Common Unit - basic:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Numerator:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net income
$
35,009

 
$
59,549

 
$
122,253

 
$
132,588

Net (income) attributable to noncontrolling interests in consolidated affiliates
(324
)
 
(315
)
 
(918
)
 
(914
)
Distributions on Preferred Units
(623
)
 
(623
)
 
(1,869
)
 
(1,869
)
Net income available for common unitholders
$
34,062

 
$
58,611

 
$
119,466

 
$
129,805

Denominator:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Denominator for basic earnings per Common Unit – weighted average units
105,866

 
105,660

 
105,808

 
104,914

Net income available for common unitholders
$
0.32

 
$
0.55

 
$
1.13

 
$
1.24

Earnings per Common Unit - diluted:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Numerator:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net income
$
35,009

 
$
59,549

 
$
122,253

 
$
132,588

Net (income) attributable to noncontrolling interests in consolidated affiliates
(324
)
 
(315
)
 
(918
)
 
(914
)
Distributions on Preferred Units
(623
)
 
(623
)
 
(1,869
)
 
(1,869
)
Net income available for common unitholders
$
34,062

 
$
58,611

 
$
119,466

 
$
129,805

Denominator:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Denominator for basic earnings per Common Unit – weighted average units
105,866

 
105,660

 
105,808

 
104,914

Add:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Stock options using the treasury method
58

 
76

 
39

 
79

Denominator for diluted earnings per Common Unit – adjusted weighted average units and assumed conversions (1)
105,924

 
105,736

 
105,847

 
104,993

Net income available for common unitholders
$
0.32

 
$
0.55

 
$
1.13

 
$
1.24

__________
(1)
Includes all unvested restricted stock where distributions on such restricted stock are non-forfeitable.
v3.10.0.1
Segment Information
9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2018
Segment Reporting [Abstract]  
Segment Information
Segment Information

The following tables summarize the rental and other revenues and net operating income, the primary industry property-level performance metric used by our chief operating decision maker and which is defined as rental and other revenues less rental property and other expenses, for each of our reportable segments.

 
Three Months Ended
September 30,
 
Nine Months Ended
September 30,
 
2018
 
2017
 
2018
 
2017
Rental and Other Revenues:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Office:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Atlanta
$
35,375

 
$
36,471

 
$
105,635

 
$
106,027

Greensboro
5,349

 
5,370

 
16,753

 
15,956

Memphis
10,121

 
11,459

 
30,228

 
35,077

Nashville
29,927

 
28,945

 
91,319

 
81,471

Orlando
13,352

 
13,309

 
40,103

 
38,183

Pittsburgh
14,982

 
14,719

 
45,587

 
44,420

Raleigh
30,432

 
30,524

 
89,518

 
90,167

Richmond
11,262

 
11,152

 
33,204

 
33,200

Tampa
25,460

 
25,072

 
76,726

 
72,578

Total Office Segment
176,260

 
177,021

 
529,073

 
517,079

Other
3,157

 
3,164

 
9,574

 
9,797

Total Rental and Other Revenues
$
179,417

 
$
180,185

 
$
538,647

 
$
526,876


Net Operating Income:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Office:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Atlanta
$
21,443

 
$
23,600

 
$
65,721

 
$
68,150

Greensboro
3,372

 
3,367

 
10,817

 
10,116

Memphis
6,471

 
6,930

 
19,289

 
21,474

Nashville
21,896

 
21,000

 
66,306

 
59,250

Orlando
8,195

 
7,999

 
24,551

 
23,007

Pittsburgh
8,969

 
8,822

 
27,189

 
26,396

Raleigh
22,018

 
21,960

 
65,384

 
65,345

Richmond
7,376

 
6,987

 
22,616

 
22,453

Tampa
16,188

 
15,972

 
49,448

 
46,297

Total Office Segment
115,928

 
116,637

 
351,321

 
342,488

Other
2,336

 
2,314

 
7,078

 
6,904

Total Net Operating Income
118,264

 
118,951

 
358,399

 
349,392

Reconciliation to income before disposition of investment properties and activity in unconsolidated affiliates:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Depreciation and amortization
(57,661
)
 
(56,973
)
 
(171,923
)
 
(168,934
)
Impairments of real estate assets

 
(1,445
)
 

 
(1,445
)
General and administrative expenses
(9,551
)
 
(9,247
)
 
(30,869
)
 
(29,787
)
Interest expense
(17,437
)
 
(17,191
)
 
(53,705
)
 
(51,208
)
Other income
818

 
558

 
1,735

 
2,632

Income before disposition of investment properties and activity in unconsolidated affiliates
$
34,433

 
$
34,653

 
$
103,637

 
$
100,650

v3.10.0.1
Subsequent Events
9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2018
Subsequent Events [Abstract]  
Subsequent Events
Subsequent Events

On October 18, 2018, the Company declared a cash dividend of $0.4625 per share of Common Stock, which is payable on December 4, 2018 to stockholders of record as of November 12, 2018.
v3.10.0.1
Description of Business and Significant Accounting Policies (Policies)
9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2018
Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements [Abstract]  
Basis of Presentation
Basis of Presentation
 
Our Consolidated Financial Statements are prepared in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”).

The Company's Consolidated Financial Statements include the Operating Partnership, wholly owned subsidiaries and those entities in which the Company has the controlling interest. The Operating Partnership's Consolidated Financial Statements include wholly owned subsidiaries and those entities in which the Operating Partnership has the controlling interest. All intercompany transactions and accounts have been eliminated.

The unaudited interim consolidated financial statements and accompanying unaudited consolidated financial information, in the opinion of management, contain all adjustments (including normal recurring accruals) necessary for a fair presentation of our financial position, results of operations and cash flows. We have condensed or omitted certain notes and other information from the interim Consolidated Financial Statements presented in this Quarterly Report as permitted by SEC rules and regulations. These Consolidated Financial Statements should be read in conjunction with our 2017 Annual Report on Form 10-K.

Use of Estimates
Use of Estimates

The preparation of consolidated financial statements in accordance with GAAP requires us to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in our Consolidated Financial Statements and accompanying notes. Actual results could differ from those estimates.
Insurance
Insurance

Beginning in 2018, we are primarily self-insured for health care claims for participating employees. We have stop-loss coverage to limit our exposure to significant claims on a per claim and annual aggregate basis. We determine our liabilities for claims, including incurred but not reported losses, based on all relevant information, including actuarial estimates of claim liabilities.
Recently Issued Accounting Standards
Recently Issued Accounting Standards
 
The Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") issued an accounting standards update ("ASU") that superseded the revenue recognition requirements under previous guidance, which we adopted as of January 1, 2018. Several updates have been issued subsequently that are intended to promote a more consistent interpretation and application of the principles outlined in the ASU. The ASU requires the use of a new five-step model to recognize revenue from contracts with customers. The five-step model requires that we identify the contract with the customer, identify the performance obligations in the contract, determine the transaction price, allocate the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract and recognize revenue when we satisfy the performance obligations. We are also required to disclose information regarding the nature, amount, timing and uncertainty of revenue and cash flows arising from contracts with customers. In analyzing our contracts with customers, we determined that the most material potential impact from the adoption of this ASU would be in how revenue is recognized for sales of real estate with continuing involvement. Prior to the adoption of this ASU, profit for such sales transactions was recognized and then reduced by the maximum exposure to loss related to the nature of the continuing involvement at the time of sale. Upon adoption of this ASU, any continuing involvement must be analyzed as a separate performance obligation in the contract and a portion of the sales price allocated to each performance obligation. When the continuing involvement performance obligation is satisfied, the sales price allocated to it will be recognized. We had no sales of real estate with continuing involvement during the nine months ended September 30, 2018 or prior periods; however, we will use such methodology for any future real estate sales with continuing involvement. Our internal controls with respect to accounting for such sales have been updated accordingly. Adoption of this ASU resulted in no other changes with respect to the timing of revenue recognition or internal controls related to contracts other than leases, such as management, development and construction fees and transient parking income, all of which are not material to our Consolidated Financial Statements. As such, there is no cumulative-effect adjustment from the adoption of this ASU reflected in our Consolidated Financial Statements.
 
The FASB issued an ASU that requires entities to show changes in total cash, cash equivalents, restricted cash and restricted cash equivalents in the statement of cash flows. As a result, restricted cash and restricted cash equivalents will be included with cash and cash equivalents when reconciling the beginning of period and end of period balances rather than presented as transfers between cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash and restricted cash equivalents in the statement of cash flows. We adopted the ASU as of January 1, 2018 with retrospective application to our Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows. Accordingly, our Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows present a reconciliation of the changes in cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash. The effect of the adoption resulted in an $18.6 million decrease in net cash used in investing activities for the nine months ended September 30, 2017. Restricted cash represents cash deposits that are legally restricted or held by third parties on our behalf, such as construction-related escrows, property disposition proceeds set aside and designated or intended to fund future tax-deferred exchanges of qualifying real estate investments and escrows and reserves for debt service, real estate taxes and property insurance established pursuant to certain mortgage financing arrangements.
 
The FASB issued an ASU that clarifies and narrows the definition of a business used in determining whether to account for a transaction as an asset acquisition or business combination. The guidance requires evaluation of the fair value of the assets acquired to determine if it is concentrated in a single identifiable asset or a group of similar identifiable assets. If so, the transferred assets would not be a business. The guidance also requires a business to include at least one substantive process and narrows the definition of outputs. We adopted the ASU prospectively as of January 1, 2018. We expect that the majority of our future acquisitions would not meet the definition of a business; therefore, the related acquisition costs would be capitalized as part of the purchase price.
 
The FASB issued an ASU that clarifies when changes to the terms or conditions of a share-based payment award must be accounted for as modifications. The guidance requires modification accounting if the value, vesting conditions or classification of the award changes. We adopted the ASU as of January 1, 2018 with no effect on our Consolidated Financial Statements.


1.    Description of Business and Significant Accounting Policies – Continued
 
The FASB issued an ASU that sets out the principles for the recognition, measurement, presentation and disclosure of leases for both lessees and lessors. The new standard requires lessors to account for leases using an approach that is substantially equivalent to existing guidance for sales-type leases, direct financing leases and operating leases. In addition, the guidance requires lessors to capitalize and amortize only incremental direct leasing costs. The new standard requires lessees to apply a dual approach, classifying leases as either finance or operating leases based on the principle of whether or not the lease is effectively a financed purchase by the lessee. This classification will determine whether lease expense is recognized based on an effective interest method or on a straight-line basis over the term of the lease, respectively. A lessee is also required to record a right of use asset and a lease liability for all leases with a term of greater than a year regardless of their classification. Leases with a term of a year or less will be accounted for in the same manner as operating leases today. The guidance supersedes previously issued guidance under ASC Topic 840 “Leases.”

An entity may elect a package of practical expedients, which allows for the following:
 
An entity need not reassess whether any expired or existing contracts are or contain leases;
 
An entity need not reassess the lease classification for any expired or existing leases; and
 
An entity need not reassess initial direct costs for any existing leases.
 
This package of practical expedients is available as a single election that must be consistently applied to all existing leases at the date of adoption.

Furthermore, the FASB finalized an amendment that allows entities to present comparative periods, in the year of adoption, under ASC 840, which effectively allows for an initial date of adoption of January 1, 2019. The amendment also provides a practical expedient to lessors that removes the requirement to separate lease and non-lease components, provided certain conditions are met.

Our analysis of our leases indicates that the lease component is the predominant component, that the timing and pattern of transfer of our material non-lease components (primarily cost recovery income) are the same as the lease components and the lease component, if it were accounted for separately, would be classified as an operating lease. As such, we believe the adoption of the ASU will not significantly change the accounting or the related internal controls for rental and other revenues from operating leases where we are the lessor, and that such leases will be accounted for in a manner similar to existing standards with the underlying leased asset being reported and recognized as a real estate asset. Upon the adoption of the ASU, we will no longer be able to capitalize and amortize certain leasing related costs and instead will expense these costs as incurred. Such capitalized costs have averaged approximately $2.5 million annually.

Leases where we are the lessee include primarily our operating ground leases. We currently believe that existing ground leases executed before the adoption date will continue to be accounted for as operating leases and the new guidance will not have a material impact on our recognition of ground lease expense or our results of operations. However, we will be required to recognize a right of use asset and a lease liability on our Consolidated Balance Sheets equal to the present value of the minimum lease payments required under each ground lease. See Note 8 to our Consolidated Financial Statements in our 2017 Annual Report on Form 10-K for information regarding our ground lease commitments.

We will adopt the new ASU effective January 1, 2019 using the modified retrospective approach and will elect the use of all practical expedients provided by the ASU and related amendments as mentioned above.

The FASB issued an ASU that eliminates the requirement to separately measure and report hedge ineffectiveness and generally requires the entire change in the fair value of a hedging instrument to be presented in the same income statement line as the hedged item when the hedged item affects earnings. The ASU is required to be adopted in 2019 using a modified retrospective approach. We do not expect such adoption to have a material effect on our Consolidated Financial Statements.
 

1.    Description of Business and Significant Accounting Policies – Continued
 
The FASB issued an ASU that requires, among other things, the use of a new current expected credit loss ("CECL") model in determining our allowances for doubtful accounts with respect to accounts receivable, accrued straight-line rents receivable and mortgages and notes receivable. The CECL model requires that we estimate our lifetime expected credit loss with respect to these receivables and record allowances that, when deducted from the balance of the receivables, represent the net amounts expected to be collected. We will also be required to disclose information about how we developed the allowances, including changes in the factors (e.g., portfolio mix, credit trends, unemployment, gross domestic product, etc.) that influenced our estimate of expected credit losses and the reasons for those changes. We continue to monitor FASB activity with respect to a recent proposal to exclude operating lease receivables from the scope of this ASU. We will apply the ASU’s provisions as a cumulative-effect adjustment to retained earnings upon adoption in 2020. We are in the process of evaluating this ASU.

The FASB issued an ASU that changes certain disclosure requirements for fair value measurements. The ASU is required to be adopted in 2020 and applied prospectively. We do not expect such adoption to have a material effect on our Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
v3.10.0.1
Intangible Assets and Below Market Lease Liabilities (Tables)
9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2018
Goodwill and Intangible Assets Disclosure [Abstract]  
Total Intangible Assets and Below Market Lease Liabilities
The following table sets forth total intangible assets and acquisition-related below market lease liabilities, net of accumulated amortization:
 
 
September 30,
2018
 
December 31,
2017
Assets:
 
 
 
Deferred leasing costs (including lease incentives and above market lease and in-place lease acquisition-related intangible assets)
$
341,384

 
$
344,191

Less accumulated amortization
(147,588
)
 
(143,512
)
 
$
193,796

 
$
200,679

Liabilities (in accounts payable, accrued expenses and other liabilities):
 
 
 
Acquisition-related below market lease liabilities
$
58,698

 
$
59,947

Less accumulated amortization
(31,519
)
 
(28,214
)
 
$
27,179

 
$
31,733

Amortization of Intangible Assets and Below Market Lease Liabilities
The following table sets forth amortization of intangible assets and below market lease liabilities:
 
 
Three Months Ended
September 30,
 
Nine Months Ended
September 30,
 
2018
 
2017
 
2018
 
2017
Amortization of deferred leasing costs and acquisition-related intangible assets (in depreciation and amortization)
$
8,969

 
$
10,130

 
$
27,671

 
$
30,882

Amortization of lease incentives (in rental and other revenues)
$
452

 
$
444

 
$
1,357

 
$
1,284

Amortization of acquisition-related intangible assets (in rental and other revenues)
$
415

 
$
671

 
$
1,292

 
$
2,382

Amortization of acquisition-related intangible assets (in rental property and other expenses)
$
140

 
$
140

 
$
416

 
$
416

Amortization of acquisition-related below market lease liabilities (in rental and other revenues)
$
(1,535
)
 
$
(1,576
)
 
$
(4,553
)
 
$
(4,748
)
Scheduled Future Amortization of Intangible Assets and Below Market Lease Liabilities
The following table sets forth scheduled future amortization of intangible assets and below market lease liabilities:
 
 
 
Amortization of Deferred Leasing Costs and Acquisition-Related Intangible Assets (in Depreciation and Amortization)
 
Amortization of Lease Incentives (in Rental and Other Revenues)
 
Amortization of Acquisition-Related Intangible Assets (in Rental and Other Revenues)
 
Amortization of Acquisition-Related Intangible Assets (in Rental Property and Other Expenses)
 
Amortization of Acquisition-Related Below Market Lease Liabilities (in Rental and Other Revenues)
October 1 through December 31, 2018
 
$
9,395

 
$
453

 
$
369

 
$
136

 
$
(1,442
)
2019
 
34,011

 
1,647

 
1,273

 
553

 
(5,425
)
2020
 
29,391

 
1,360

 
959

 
518

 
(5,169
)
2021
 
24,873

 
1,132

 
632

 

 
(4,362
)
2022
 
20,584

 
915

 
462

 

 
(3,258
)
Thereafter
 
58,398

 
5,327

 
1,408

 

 
(7,523
)
 
 
$
176,652

 
$
10,834

 
$
5,103

 
$
1,207

 
$
(27,179
)
Weighted average remaining amortization periods as of September 30, 2018 (in years)
 
7.4

 
10.1

 
6.5

 
2.2

 
6.1

v3.10.0.1
Mortgages and Notes Payable (Tables)
9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2018
Debt Disclosure [Abstract]  
Schedule of Consolidated Mortgages and Notes Payable
The following table sets forth our mortgages and notes payable:
 
 
September 30,
2018
 
December 31,
2017
Secured indebtedness
$
97,636

 
$
98,981

Unsecured indebtedness
1,999,439

 
1,923,513

Less-unamortized debt issuance costs
(9,654
)
 
(8,161
)
Total mortgages and notes payable, net
$
2,087,421

 
$
2,014,333

v3.10.0.1
Derivative Financial Instruments (Tables)
9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2018
Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities Disclosure [Abstract]  
Schedule of Derivative Instruments, Fair Value
The following table sets forth the fair value of our derivatives:
 
 
September 30,
2018
 
December 31,
2017
Derivatives:
 
 
 
Derivatives designated as cash flow hedges in prepaid expenses and other assets:
 
 
 
Interest rate swaps
$
4,773

 
$
1,286

Schedule of Derivative Instruments, Gain (Loss) in Statement of Financial Performance
The following table sets forth the effect of our cash flow hedges on accumulated other comprehensive income and interest expense:
 
 
Three Months Ended
September 30,
 
Nine Months Ended
September 30,
 
2018
 
2017
 
2018
 
2017
Derivatives Designated as Cash Flow Hedges:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Amount of unrealized gains/(losses) recognized in accumulated other comprehensive income on derivatives (effective portion):
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Interest rate swaps
$
2,187

 
$
(347
)
 
$
10,926

 
$
(31
)
Amount of (gains)/losses reclassified out of accumulated other comprehensive income into contractual interest expense (effective portion):
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Interest rate swaps
$
(654
)
 
$
211

 
$
(1,275
)
 
$
992

v3.10.0.1
Noncontrolling Interests (Tables) - Highwoods Properties, Inc. [Member]
9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2018
Noncontrolling Interest [Line Items]  
Noncontrolling Interests in the Operating Partnership
The following table sets forth the Company's noncontrolling interests in the Operating Partnership:
 
 
Nine Months Ended
September 30,
 
2018
 
2017
Beginning noncontrolling interests in the Operating Partnership
$
144,009

 
$
144,802

Adjustment of noncontrolling interests in the Operating Partnership to fair value
(9,607
)
 
3,297

Conversions of Common Units to Common Stock
(1,231
)
 
(408
)
Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests in the Operating Partnership
3,171

 
3,502

Distributions to noncontrolling interests in the Operating Partnership
(3,895
)
 
(3,742
)
Total noncontrolling interests in the Operating Partnership
$
132,447

 
$
147,451


Net Income Available for Common Stockholders and Transfers From Noncontrolling Interests in the Operating Partnership
The following table sets forth net income available for common stockholders and transfers from the Company's noncontrolling interests in the Operating Partnership:
 
 
Three Months Ended
September 30,
 
Nine Months Ended
September 30,
 
2018
 
2017
 
2018
 
2017
Net income available for common stockholders
$
33,160

 
$
57,040

 
$
116,295

 
$
126,303

Increase in additional paid in capital from conversions of Common Units
to Common Stock
147

 
103

 
1,231

 
408

Change from net income available for common stockholders and transfers from noncontrolling interests
$
33,307

 
$
57,143

 
$
117,526

 
$
126,711

v3.10.0.1
Disclosure About Fair Value of Financial Instruments (Tables)
9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2018
Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract]  
Fair Value Measurements of Assets, Liabilities and Noncontrolling Interests
The following table sets forth our assets and liabilities and the Company's noncontrolling interests in the Operating Partnership that are measured or disclosed at fair value within the fair value hierarchy.
 
 
 
 
Level 1
 
Level 2
 
 
Total
 
Quoted Prices
in Active
Markets for Identical Assets or Liabilities
 
Significant Observable Inputs
Fair Value at September 30, 2018:
 
 
 
 
 
 
Assets:
 
 
 
 
 
 
Mortgages and notes receivable, at fair value (1)
 
$
5,659

 
$

 
$
5,659

Interest rate swaps (in prepaid expenses and other assets)
 
4,773

 

 
4,773

Marketable securities of non-qualified deferred compensation plan (in prepaid expenses and other assets)
 
2,135

 
2,135

 

Total Assets
 
$
12,567

 
$
2,135

 
$
10,432

Noncontrolling Interests in the Operating Partnership
 
$
132,447

 
$
132,447

 
$

Liabilities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
Mortgages and notes payable, net, at fair value (1)
 
$
2,049,292

 
$

 
$
2,049,292

Non-qualified deferred compensation obligation (in accounts payable, accrued expenses and other liabilities)
 
2,135

 
2,135

 

Total Liabilities
 
$
2,051,427

 
$
2,135

 
$
2,049,292

Fair Value at December 31, 2017:
 
 
 
 
 
 
Assets:
 
 
 
 
 
 
Mortgages and notes receivable, at fair value (1)
 
$
6,425

 
$

 
$
6,425

Interest rate swaps (in prepaid expenses and other assets)
 
1,286

 

 
1,286

Marketable securities of non-qualified deferred compensation plan (in prepaid expenses and other assets)
 
2,388

 
2,388

 

Total Assets
 
$
10,099

 
$
2,388

 
$
7,711

Noncontrolling Interests in the Operating Partnership
 
$
144,009

 
$
144,009

 
$

Liabilities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
Mortgages and notes payable, net, at fair value (1)
 
$
2,015,689

 
$

 
$
2,015,689

Non-qualified deferred compensation obligation (in accounts payable, accrued expenses and other liabilities)
 
2,388

 
2,388

 

Total Liabilities
 
$
2,018,077

 
$
2,388

 
$
2,015,689


__________
(1)    Amounts recorded at historical cost on our Consolidated Balance Sheets at September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017.

v3.10.0.1
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Tables)
9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2018
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss), Net of Tax [Abstract]  
Components of Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income
The following table sets forth the components of accumulated other comprehensive income:
 
 
Three Months Ended
September 30,
 
Nine Months Ended
September 30,
 
2018
 
2017
 
2018
 
2017
Cash flow hedges:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Beginning balance
$
15,956

 
$
6,046

 
$
7,838

 
$
4,949

Unrealized gains/(losses) on cash flow hedges
2,187

 
(347
)
 
10,926

 
(31
)
Amortization of cash flow hedges (1)
(654
)
 
211

 
(1,275
)
 
992

Total accumulated other comprehensive income
$
17,489


$
5,910

 
$
17,489

 
$
5,910

__________
(1)    Amounts reclassified out of accumulated other comprehensive income into contractual interest expense.
v3.10.0.1
Real Estate and Other Assets Held For Sale (Tables)
9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2018
Discontinued Operations and Disposal Groups [Abstract]  
Real Estate and Other Assets of the Properties Classified As Held For Sale
The following table sets forth the assets held for sale at September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, which are considered non-core:
 
 
September 30,
2018
 
December 31,
2017
Assets:
 
 
 
Land
$

 
$
870

Buildings and tenant improvements

 
21,318

Land held for development

 
355

Less-accumulated depreciation

 
(9,304
)
Net real estate assets

 
13,239

Accrued straight-line rents receivable

 
591

Deferred leasing costs, net

 
253

Prepaid expenses and other assets

 
35

Real estate and other assets, net, held for sale
$

 
$
14,118

v3.10.0.1
Earnings Per Share and Per Unit (Tables)
9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2018
Earnings Per Share and Per Unit Basic and Diluted [Line Items]  
Earnings Per Share
The following table sets forth the computation of basic and diluted earnings per share of the Company:

 
Three Months Ended
September 30,
 
Nine Months Ended
September 30,
 
2018
 
2017
 
2018
 
2017
Earnings per Common Share - basic:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Numerator:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net income
$
35,009

 
$
59,549

 
$
122,253

 
$
132,588

Net (income) attributable to noncontrolling interests in the Operating Partnership
(902
)
 
(1,571
)
 
(3,171
)
 
(3,502
)
Net (income) attributable to noncontrolling interests in consolidated affiliates
(324
)
 
(315
)
 
(918
)
 
(914
)
Dividends on Preferred Stock
(623
)
 
(623
)
 
(1,869
)
 
(1,869
)
Net income available for common stockholders
$
33,160

 
$
57,040

 
$
116,295

 
$
126,303

Denominator:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Denominator for basic earnings per Common Share – weighted average shares
103,471

 
103,237

 
103,408

 
102,489

Net income available for common stockholders
$
0.32

 
$
0.55

 
$
1.12

 
$
1.23

Earnings per Common Share - diluted:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Numerator:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net income
$
35,009

 
$
59,549

 
$
122,253

 
$
132,588

Net (income) attributable to noncontrolling interests in consolidated affiliates
(324
)
 
(315
)
 
(918
)
 
(914
)
Dividends on Preferred Stock
(623
)
 
(623
)
 
(1,869
)
 
(1,869
)
Net income available for common stockholders before net (income) attributable to noncontrolling interests in the Operating Partnership
$
34,062

 
$
58,611

 
$
119,466

 
$
129,805

Denominator:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Denominator for basic earnings per Common Share – weighted average shares
103,471

 
103,237

 
103,408

 
102,489

Add:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Stock options using the treasury method
58

 
76

 
39

 
79

Noncontrolling interests Common Units
2,804

 
2,832

 
2,809

 
2,834

Denominator for diluted earnings per Common Share – adjusted weighted average shares and assumed conversions (1)
106,333

 
106,145

 
106,256

 
105,402

Net income available for common stockholders
$
0.32

 
$
0.55

 
$
1.12

 
$
1.23

__________
(1)
Includes all unvested restricted stock where dividends on such restricted stock are non-forfeitable.
Highwoods Realty Limited Partnership [Member]  
Earnings Per Share and Per Unit Basic and Diluted [Line Items]  
Earnings Per Unit
The following table sets forth the computation of basic and diluted earnings per unit of the Operating Partnership:
 
 
Three Months Ended
September 30,
 
Nine Months Ended
September 30,
 
2018
 
2017
 
2018
 
2017
Earnings per Common Unit - basic:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Numerator:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net income
$
35,009

 
$
59,549

 
$
122,253

 
$
132,588

Net (income) attributable to noncontrolling interests in consolidated affiliates
(324
)
 
(315
)
 
(918
)
 
(914
)
Distributions on Preferred Units
(623
)
 
(623
)
 
(1,869
)
 
(1,869
)
Net income available for common unitholders
$
34,062

 
$
58,611

 
$
119,466

 
$
129,805

Denominator:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Denominator for basic earnings per Common Unit – weighted average units
105,866

 
105,660

 
105,808

 
104,914

Net income available for common unitholders
$
0.32

 
$
0.55

 
$
1.13

 
$
1.24

Earnings per Common Unit - diluted:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Numerator:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net income
$
35,009

 
$
59,549

 
$
122,253

 
$
132,588

Net (income) attributable to noncontrolling interests in consolidated affiliates
(324
)
 
(315
)
 
(918
)
 
(914
)
Distributions on Preferred Units
(623
)
 
(623
)
 
(1,869
)
 
(1,869
)
Net income available for common unitholders
$
34,062

 
$
58,611

 
$
119,466

 
$
129,805

Denominator:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Denominator for basic earnings per Common Unit – weighted average units
105,866

 
105,660

 
105,808

 
104,914

Add:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Stock options using the treasury method
58

 
76

 
39

 
79

Denominator for diluted earnings per Common Unit – adjusted weighted average units and assumed conversions (1)
105,924

 
105,736

 
105,847

 
104,993

Net income available for common unitholders
$
0.32

 
$
0.55

 
$
1.13

 
$
1.24

__________
(1)
Includes all unvested restricted stock where distributions on such restricted stock are non-forfeitable.
v3.10.0.1
Segment Information (Tables)
9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2018
Segment Reporting [Abstract]  
Reconciliation of Revenue from Segments to Consolidated
The following tables summarize the rental and other revenues and net operating income, the primary industry property-level performance metric used by our chief operating decision maker and which is defined as rental and other revenues less rental property and other expenses, for each of our reportable segments.

 
Three Months Ended
September 30,
 
Nine Months Ended
September 30,
 
2018
 
2017
 
2018
 
2017
Rental and Other Revenues:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Office:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Atlanta
$
35,375

 
$
36,471

 
$
105,635

 
$
106,027

Greensboro
5,349

 
5,370

 
16,753

 
15,956

Memphis
10,121

 
11,459

 
30,228

 
35,077

Nashville
29,927

 
28,945

 
91,319

 
81,471

Orlando
13,352

 
13,309

 
40,103

 
38,183

Pittsburgh
14,982

 
14,719

 
45,587

 
44,420

Raleigh
30,432

 
30,524

 
89,518

 
90,167

Richmond
11,262

 
11,152

 
33,204

 
33,200

Tampa
25,460

 
25,072

 
76,726

 
72,578

Total Office Segment
176,260

 
177,021

 
529,073

 
517,079

Other
3,157

 
3,164

 
9,574

 
9,797

Total Rental and Other Revenues
$
179,417

 
$
180,185

 
$
538,647

 
$
526,876

Reconciliation of Operating Profit (Loss) from Segments to Consolidated
Net Operating Income:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Office:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Atlanta
$
21,443

 
$
23,600

 
$
65,721

 
$
68,150

Greensboro
3,372

 
3,367

 
10,817

 
10,116

Memphis
6,471

 
6,930

 
19,289

 
21,474

Nashville
21,896

 
21,000

 
66,306

 
59,250

Orlando
8,195

 
7,999

 
24,551

 
23,007

Pittsburgh
8,969

 
8,822

 
27,189

 
26,396

Raleigh
22,018

 
21,960

 
65,384

 
65,345

Richmond
7,376

 
6,987

 
22,616

 
22,453

Tampa
16,188

 
15,972

 
49,448

 
46,297

Total Office Segment
115,928

 
116,637

 
351,321

 
342,488

Other
2,336

 
2,314

 
7,078

 
6,904

Total Net Operating Income
118,264

 
118,951

 
358,399

 
349,392

Reconciliation to income before disposition of investment properties and activity in unconsolidated affiliates:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Depreciation and amortization
(57,661
)
 
(56,973
)
 
(171,923
)
 
(168,934
)
Impairments of real estate assets

 
(1,445
)
 

 
(1,445
)
General and administrative expenses
(9,551
)
 
(9,247
)
 
(30,869
)
 
(29,787
)
Interest expense
(17,437
)
 
(17,191
)
 
(53,705
)
 
(51,208
)
Other income
818

 
558

 
1,735

 
2,632

Income before disposition of investment properties and activity in unconsolidated affiliates
$
34,433

 
$
34,653

 
$
103,637

 
$
100,650

v3.10.0.1
Description of Business and Significant Accounting Policies (Details)
ft² in Millions, $ in Millions
9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2018
USD ($)
a
ft²
shares
Sep. 30, 2017
USD ($)
Description of Business and Significant Accounting Policies [Line Items]    
Rentable square feet of commercial real estate properties (in sq feet) | ft² 30.7  
Rentable square feet of commercial real estate properties under development (in sq feet) | ft² 1.8  
Undeveloped land suitable for future development (in acres) | a 350  
Self insurance liability | $ $ 0.6  
Historical capitalized leasing related costs | $ $ 2.5  
Accounting Standards Update 2016-18 [Member]    
Description of Business and Significant Accounting Policies [Line Items]    
Net decrease in investing activities, effect of adoption, quantification | $   $ 18.6
Highwoods Properties, Inc. [Member]    
Description of Business and Significant Accounting Policies [Line Items]    
Common Units of partnership owned by the Company (in shares) | shares 103,100,000  
Percentage of ownership of Common Units (in hundredths) 97.40%  
Common Units redeemed for a like number of common shares of stock (in shares) | shares 26,196  
Highwoods Realty Limited Partnership [Member]    
Description of Business and Significant Accounting Policies [Line Items]    
Common Units of partnership not owned by the Company (in shares) | shares 2,800,000  
v3.10.0.1
Real Estate Assets (Details)
$ in Thousands
3 Months Ended 9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2018
USD ($)
a
Jun. 30, 2018
USD ($)
Mar. 31, 2018
USD ($)
a
parcel
Sep. 30, 2017
USD ($)
Sep. 30, 2018
USD ($)
a
Sep. 30, 2017
USD ($)
Acquisitions [Abstract]            
Undeveloped land suitable for future development (in acres) | a 350       350  
Dispositions [Abstract]            
Gains on disposition of property $ 3     $ 19,849 $ 16,975 $ 25,181
Nashville TN Land Acquisition [Member]            
Acquisitions [Abstract]            
Number of development parcels acquired (in parcels) | parcel     2      
Undeveloped land suitable for future development (in acres) | a     9      
Purchase price of acquisition     $ 50,600      
2018 Dispositions [Member]            
Dispositions [Abstract]            
Purchase price of real estate $ 2,100 $ 34,000        
Gains on disposition of property   $ 17,000        
v3.10.0.1
Mortgages and Notes Receivable (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Thousands
Sep. 30, 2018
Dec. 31, 2017
Mortgages and notes receivable [Abstract]    
Mortgages and notes receivable, net $ 5,659 $ 6,425
v3.10.0.1
Intangible Assets and Below Market Lease Liabilities (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Thousands
3 Months Ended 9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2018
Sep. 30, 2017
Sep. 30, 2018
Sep. 30, 2017
Dec. 31, 2017
Assets:          
Deferred leasing costs (including lease incentives and above market lease and in-place lease acquisition-related intangible assets) $ 341,384   $ 341,384   $ 344,191
Deferred leasing costs, accumulated amortization (147,588)   (147,588)   (143,512)
Deferred leasing costs, net/Total scheduled future amortization of intangible assets 193,796   193,796   200,679
Liabilities (in accounts payable, accrued expenses and other liabilities):          
Acquisition-related below market lease liabilities, gross 58,698   58,698   59,947
Acquisition-related below market lease liabilities, accumulated amortization (31,519)   (31,519)   (28,214)
Acquisition-related below market lease liabilities, net 27,179   27,179   $ 31,733
Deferred Leasing Costs and Acquisition-Related Intangible Assets (in Depreciation and Amortization) [Member]          
Assets:          
Deferred leasing costs, net/Total scheduled future amortization of intangible assets 176,652   176,652    
Amortization of intangible assets and below market lease liabilities [Abstract]          
Amortization of intangible assets 8,969 $ 10,130 27,671 $ 30,882  
Lease Incentives (in Rental and Other Revenues) [Member]          
Assets:          
Deferred leasing costs, net/Total scheduled future amortization of intangible assets 10,834   10,834    
Amortization of intangible assets and below market lease liabilities [Abstract]          
Amortization of intangible assets 452 444 1,357 1,284  
Acquisition-Related Intangible Assets (in Rental and Other Revenues) [Member]          
Assets:          
Deferred leasing costs, net/Total scheduled future amortization of intangible assets 5,103   5,103    
Amortization of intangible assets and below market lease liabilities [Abstract]          
Amortization of intangible assets 415 671 1,292 2,382  
Acquisition-Related Intangible Assets (in Rental Property and Other Expenses) [Member]          
Assets:          
Deferred leasing costs, net/Total scheduled future amortization of intangible assets 1,207   1,207    
Amortization of intangible assets and below market lease liabilities [Abstract]          
Amortization of intangible assets 140 140 416 416  
Acquisition-Related Below Market Lease Liabilities (in Rental and Other Revenues) [Member]          
Liabilities (in accounts payable, accrued expenses and other liabilities):          
Acquisition-related below market lease liabilities, net 27,179   27,179    
Amortization of intangible assets and below market lease liabilities [Abstract]          
Amortization of acquisition-related below market lease liabilities $ (1,535) $ (1,576) $ (4,553) $ (4,748)  
v3.10.0.1
Intangible Assets and Below Market Lease Liabilities - Scheduled Future Amortization (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Thousands
9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2018
Dec. 31, 2017
Scheduled future amortization of intangible assets [Abstract]    
Deferred leasing costs, net/Total scheduled future amortization of intangible assets $ 193,796 $ 200,679
Scheduled future amortization of below market lease liabilities [Abstract]    
Total scheduled future amortization of acquisition-related below market lease liabilities (27,179) $ (31,733)
Deferred Leasing Costs and Acquisition-Related Intangible Assets (in Depreciation and Amortization) [Member]    
Scheduled future amortization of intangible assets [Abstract]    
October 1 through December 31, 2018 9,395  
2019 34,011  
2020 29,391  
2021 24,873  
2022 20,584  
Thereafter 58,398  
Deferred leasing costs, net/Total scheduled future amortization of intangible assets $ 176,652  
Weighted average remaining amortization periods for intangible assets and below market lease liabilities [Abstract]    
Finite-lived intangible assets, average useful life (in years) 7 years 4 months 25 days  
Lease Incentives (in Rental and Other Revenues) [Member]    
Scheduled future amortization of intangible assets [Abstract]    
October 1 through December 31, 2018 $ 453  
2019 1,647  
2020 1,360  
2021 1,132  
2022 915  
Thereafter 5,327  
Deferred leasing costs, net/Total scheduled future amortization of intangible assets $ 10,834  
Weighted average remaining amortization periods for intangible assets and below market lease liabilities [Abstract]    
Finite-lived intangible assets, average useful life (in years) 10 years 1 month 5 days  
Acquisition-Related Intangible Assets (in Rental and Other Revenues) [Member]    
Scheduled future amortization of intangible assets [Abstract]    
October 1 through December 31, 2018 $ 369  
2019 1,273  
2020 959  
2021 632  
2022 462  
Thereafter 1,408  
Deferred leasing costs, net/Total scheduled future amortization of intangible assets $ 5,103  
Weighted average remaining amortization periods for intangible assets and below market lease liabilities [Abstract]    
Finite-lived intangible assets, average useful life (in years) 6 years 6 months  
Acquisition-Related Intangible Assets (in Rental Property and Other Expenses) [Member]    
Scheduled future amortization of intangible assets [Abstract]    
October 1 through December 31, 2018 $ 136  
2019 553  
2020 518  
2021 0  
2022 0  
Thereafter 0  
Deferred leasing costs, net/Total scheduled future amortization of intangible assets $ 1,207  
Weighted average remaining amortization periods for intangible assets and below market lease liabilities [Abstract]    
Finite-lived intangible assets, average useful life (in years) 2 years 2 months 15 days  
Acquisition-Related Below Market Lease Liabilities (in Rental and Other Revenues) [Member]    
Scheduled future amortization of below market lease liabilities [Abstract]    
October 1 through December 31, 2018 $ (1,442)  
2019 (5,425)  
2020 (5,169)  
2021 (4,362)  
2022 (3,258)  
Thereafter (7,523)  
Total scheduled future amortization of acquisition-related below market lease liabilities $ (27,179)  
Weighted average remaining amortization periods for intangible assets and below market lease liabilities [Abstract]    
Finite-lived below market lease liabilities, average useful life (in years) 6 years 1 month 10 days  
v3.10.0.1
Mortgages and Notes Payable (Details)
3 Months Ended 9 Months Ended
Mar. 31, 2018
USD ($)
Sep. 30, 2018
USD ($)
extension
Oct. 16, 2018
USD ($)
Jun. 30, 2018
USD ($)
Dec. 31, 2017
USD ($)
Debt Instrument [Line Items]          
Mortgages and notes payable   $ 2,087,421,000     $ 2,014,333,000
Unamortized debt issuance costs   (9,654,000)     (8,161,000)
Revolving Credit Facility [Member]          
Debt Instrument [Line Items]          
Maximum borrowing capacity on revolving credit facility   $ 600,000,000      
Maturity date on revolving credit facility   Jan. 01, 2022      
Additional borrowing capacity on revolving credit facility   $ 400,000,000      
Number of additional extensions | extension   2      
Term of optional extension   6 months      
Annual facility fee (in hundredths)   0.20%      
Amount outstanding on revolving credit facility   $ 184,000,000      
Outstanding letters of credit on revolving credit facility   400,000      
Unused borrowing capacity on revolving credit facility   415,600,000      
7.5% Notes Due 2018 [Member]          
Debt Instrument [Line Items]          
Principal debt amount       $ 200,000,000  
Interest rate (in hundredths)       7.50%  
4.125% (4.271% effective rate) Notes due 2028 [Member]          
Debt Instrument [Line Items]          
Principal debt amount $ 350,000,000        
Interest rate (in hundredths) 4.125%        
Scheduled maturity date Mar. 15, 2028        
Original issue discount $ 4,100,000        
Effective interest rate (in hundredths) 4.271%        
Debt issuance costs incurred $ 2,900,000        
Secured indebtedness [Member]          
Debt Instrument [Line Items]          
Mortgages and notes payable   97,636,000     98,981,000
Aggregate undepreciated book value of secured real estate assets   147,600,000      
Unsecured indebtedness [Member]          
Debt Instrument [Line Items]          
Mortgages and notes payable   $ 1,999,439,000     $ 1,923,513,000
London Interbank Offered Rate (LIBOR) [Member] | Revolving Credit Facility [Member]          
Debt Instrument [Line Items]          
Facility interest rate basis   LIBOR plus 100 basis points      
Interest rate, basis spread (in hundredths)   1.00%      
Subsequent Event [Member] | Revolving Credit Facility [Member]          
Debt Instrument [Line Items]          
Amount outstanding on revolving credit facility     $ 173,000,000    
Outstanding letters of credit on revolving credit facility     400,000    
Unused borrowing capacity on revolving credit facility     $ 426,600,000    
v3.10.0.1
Derivative Financial Instruments (Details) - USD ($)
3 Months Ended 9 Months Ended 12 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2018
Jun. 30, 2018
Mar. 31, 2018
Sep. 30, 2017
Sep. 30, 2018
Sep. 30, 2017
Dec. 31, 2017
Derivative [Line Items]              
Interest rate swaps $ 2,187,000     $ (347,000) $ 10,926,000 $ (31,000)  
Expected increase to interest expense 2,500,000       2,500,000    
Derivatives designated as cash flow hedges in prepaid expenses and other assets:              
Interest rate swaps 4,773,000       4,773,000   $ 1,286,000
Amount of unrealized gains/(losses) recognized in accumulated other comprehensive income on derivatives (effective portion):              
Interest rate swaps 2,187,000     (347,000) 10,926,000 (31,000)  
Amount of (gains)/losses reclassified out of accumulated other comprehensive income into contractual interest expense (effective portion):              
Interest rate swaps $ (654,000)     $ 211,000 $ (1,275,000) $ 992,000  
4.125% (4.271% effective rate) Notes due 2028 [Member]              
Derivative [Line Items]              
Principal debt amount     $ 350,000,000        
Interest rate (in hundredths)     4.125%        
Forward Starting Swaps [Member]              
Derivative [Line Items]              
Amount of borrowings, subject to swaps   $ 150,000,000.0         $ 150,000,000
Underlying treasury rate term (in periods)   10 years         10 years
Underlying treasury rate locked by forward-starting swaps (in hundredths)   2.91%         2.44%
Interest rate swaps     $ 7,000,000        
Gain on hedge ineffectiveness in interest expense     200,000        
Amount of unrealized gains/(losses) recognized in accumulated other comprehensive income on derivatives (effective portion):              
Interest rate swaps     $ 7,000,000        
v3.10.0.1
Noncontrolling Interests (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Thousands
3 Months Ended 9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2018
Sep. 30, 2017
Sep. 30, 2018
Sep. 30, 2017
Noncontrolling Interests in Consolidated Affiliates [Abstract]        
Consolidated joint venture, partner's interest (in hundredths) 50.00%   50.00%  
Noncontrolling Interests in the Operating Partnership [Roll Forward]        
Beginning noncontrolling interests in the Operating Partnership     $ 144,009  
Adjustment of noncontrolling interests in the Operating Partnership to fair value     (9,607) $ 3,297
Conversions of Common Units to Common Stock     (1,231) (408)
Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests in the Operating Partnership $ 902 $ 1,571 3,171 3,502
Distributions to noncontrolling interests in the Operating Partnership     (3,895) (3,742)
Total noncontrolling interests in the Operating Partnership 132,447   132,447  
Net Income Available for Common Stockholders and Transfers From Noncontrolling Interests in the Operating Partnership [Abstract]        
Net income available for common stockholders 33,160 57,040 116,295 126,303
Highwoods Properties, Inc. [Member]        
Noncontrolling Interests in the Operating Partnership [Roll Forward]        
Beginning noncontrolling interests in the Operating Partnership     144,009 144,802
Adjustment of noncontrolling interests in the Operating Partnership to fair value     (9,607) 3,297
Conversions of Common Units to Common Stock     (1,231) (408)
Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests in the Operating Partnership     3,171 3,502
Distributions to noncontrolling interests in the Operating Partnership     (3,895) (3,742)
Total noncontrolling interests in the Operating Partnership 132,447 147,451 132,447 147,451
Net Income Available for Common Stockholders and Transfers From Noncontrolling Interests in the Operating Partnership [Abstract]        
Net income available for common stockholders 33,160 57,040 116,295 126,303
Increase in additional paid in capital from conversions of Common Units to Common Stock 147 103 1,231 408
Change from net income available for common stockholders and transfers from noncontrolling interests $ 33,307 $ 57,143 $ 117,526 $ 126,711
v3.10.0.1
Disclosure About Fair Value of Financial Instruments - Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Thousands
Sep. 30, 2018
Dec. 31, 2017
Assets:    
Mortgages and notes receivable, at fair value $ 5,659 $ 6,425
Interest rate swaps (in prepaid expenses and other assets) 4,773 1,286
Marketable securities of non-qualified deferred compensation plan (in prepaid expenses and other assets) 2,135 2,388
Total Assets 12,567 10,099
Liabilities:    
Mortgages and notes payable, net, at fair value 2,049,292 2,015,689
Non-qualified deferred compensation obligation (in accounts payable, accrued expenses and other liabilities) 2,135 2,388
Total Liabilities 2,051,427 2,018,077
Level 1 [Member]    
Assets:    
Mortgages and notes receivable, at fair value 0 0
Interest rate swaps (in prepaid expenses and other assets) 0 0
Marketable securities of non-qualified deferred compensation plan (in prepaid expenses and other assets) 2,135 2,388
Total Assets 2,135 2,388
Liabilities:    
Mortgages and notes payable, net, at fair value 0 0
Non-qualified deferred compensation obligation (in accounts payable, accrued expenses and other liabilities) 2,135 2,388
Total Liabilities 2,135 2,388
Level 2 [Member]    
Assets:    
Mortgages and notes receivable, at fair value 5,659 6,425
Interest rate swaps (in prepaid expenses and other assets) 4,773 1,286
Marketable securities of non-qualified deferred compensation plan (in prepaid expenses and other assets) 0 0
Total Assets 10,432 7,711
Liabilities:    
Mortgages and notes payable, net, at fair value 2,049,292 2,015,689
Non-qualified deferred compensation obligation (in accounts payable, accrued expenses and other liabilities) 0 0
Total Liabilities 2,049,292 2,015,689
Highwoods Properties, Inc. [Member]    
Assets:    
Noncontrolling Interests in the Operating Partnership 132,447 144,009
Highwoods Properties, Inc. [Member] | Level 1 [Member]    
Assets:    
Noncontrolling Interests in the Operating Partnership 132,447 144,009
Highwoods Properties, Inc. [Member] | Level 2 [Member]    
Assets:    
Noncontrolling Interests in the Operating Partnership $ 0 $ 0
v3.10.0.1
Share-Based Payments (Details) - USD ($)
$ / shares in Units, $ in Thousands
3 Months Ended 9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2018
Sep. 30, 2017
Sep. 30, 2018
Sep. 30, 2017
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]        
Stock-based compensation expense $ 1,100 $ 900 $ 6,609 $ 5,764
Total unrecognized stock-based compensation costs $ 5,800   $ 5,800  
Weighted average remaining contractual term for recognition of unrecognized stock-based compensation costs (in years)     2 years 4 months 25 days  
Highwoods Properties, Inc. [Member] | Time-Based Restricted Stock [Member]        
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]        
Restricted stock shares granted (in shares)     94,984  
Weighted average grant date fair value of each restricted stock share granted (in dollars per share)     $ 43.01  
Highwoods Properties, Inc. [Member] | Total Return-Based Restricted Stock [Member]        
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]        
Restricted stock shares granted (in shares)     77,456  
Weighted average grant date fair value of each restricted stock share granted (in dollars per share)     $ 40.81  
v3.10.0.1
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Thousands
3 Months Ended 9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2018
Sep. 30, 2017
Sep. 30, 2018
Sep. 30, 2017
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income Calculation [Roll Forward]        
Beginning balance $ 15,956 $ 6,046 $ 7,838 $ 4,949
Unrealized gains/(losses) on cash flow hedges 2,187 (347) 10,926 (31)
Amortization of cash flow hedges (654) 211 (1,275) 992
Total accumulated other comprehensive income $ 17,489 $ 5,910 $ 17,489 $ 5,910
v3.10.0.1
Real Estate and Other Assets Held For Sale (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Thousands
Sep. 30, 2018
Dec. 31, 2017
Real Estate and Other Assets Held For Sale [Abstract]    
Land $ 0 $ 870
Buildings and tenant improvements 0 21,318
Land held for development 0 355
Less-accumulated depreciation 0 (9,304)
Net real estate assets 0 13,239
Accrued straight-line rents receivable 0 591
Deferred leasing costs, net 0 253
Prepaid expenses and other assets 0 35
Real estate and other assets, net, held for sale $ 0 $ 14,118
v3.10.0.1
Earnings Per Share and Per Unit (Details) - USD ($)
$ / shares in Units, shares in Thousands, $ in Thousands
3 Months Ended 9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2018
Sep. 30, 2017
Sep. 30, 2018
Sep. 30, 2017
Earnings per Common Share and Per Unit - basic: [Abstract]        
Net income $ 35,009 $ 59,549 $ 122,253 $ 132,588
Net (income) attributable to noncontrolling interests in the Operating Partnership from continuing operations (902) (1,571) (3,171) (3,502)
Net (income) attributable to noncontrolling interests in consolidated affiliates from continuing operations (324) (315) (918) (914)
Dividends on Preferred Stock (623) (623) (1,869) (1,869)
Net income available for common stockholders $ 33,160 $ 57,040 $ 116,295 $ 126,303
Denominator:        
Denominator for basic earnings per Common Share - weighted average shares (in shares) 103,471 103,237 103,408 102,489
Earnings per Common Share - basic:        
Net income available for common stockholders (in dollars per share) $ 0.32 $ 0.55 $ 1.12 $ 1.23
Earnings per Common Share and Per Unit - diluted: [Abstract]        
Net income $ 35,009 $ 59,549 $ 122,253 $ 132,588
Net (income) attributable to noncontrolling interests in consolidated affiliates (324) (315) (918) (914)
Dividends on Preferred Stock (623) (623) (1,869) (1,869)
Net income available for common stockholders before net (income) attributable to noncontrolling interests in the Operating Partnership $ 34,062 $ 58,611 $ 119,466 $ 129,805
Denominator:        
Denominator for basic earnings per Common Share - weighted average shares (in shares) 103,471 103,237 103,408 102,489
Stock options using the treasury method (in shares) 58 76 39 79
Noncontrolling interests Common Units (in shares) 2,804 2,832 2,809 2,834
Denominator for diluted earnings per Common Share - adjusted weighted average shares and assumed conversions (in shares) 106,333 106,145 106,256 105,402
Earnings per Common Share - diluted:        
Net income available for common stockholders (in dollars per share) $ 0.32 $ 0.55 $ 1.12 $ 1.23
Highwoods Realty Limited Partnership [Member]        
Earnings per Common Share and Per Unit - basic: [Abstract]        
Net income $ 35,009 $ 59,549 $ 122,253 $ 132,588
Net (income) attributable to noncontrolling interests in consolidated affiliates from continuing operations (324) (315) (918) (914)
Distributions on Preferred Units (623) (623) (1,869) (1,869)
Net income available for common unitholders $ 34,062 $ 58,611 $ 119,466 $ 129,805
Denominator:        
Denominator for basic earnings per Common Unit - weighted average units (in shares) 105,866 105,660 105,808 104,914
Earnings per Common Unit - basic:        
Net income available for common unitholders (in dollars per share) $ 0.32 $ 0.55 $ 1.13 $ 1.24
Earnings per Common Share and Per Unit - diluted: [Abstract]        
Net income $ 35,009 $ 59,549 $ 122,253 $ 132,588
Net (income) attributable to noncontrolling interests in consolidated affiliates (324) (315) (918) (914)
Distributions on Preferred Units (623) (623) (1,869) (1,869)
Net income available for common unitholders $ 34,062 $ 58,611 $ 119,466 $ 129,805
Denominator:        
Denominator for basic earnings per Common Unit - weighted average units (in shares) 105,866 105,660 105,808 104,914
Stock options using the treasury method (in shares) 58 76 39 79
Denominator for diluted earnings per Common Unit - adjusted weighted average units and assumed conversions (in shares) 105,924 105,736 105,847 104,993
Earnings per Common Unit - diluted:        
Net income available for common unitholders (in dollars per share) $ 0.32 $ 0.55 $ 1.13 $ 1.24
v3.10.0.1
Segment Information (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Thousands
3 Months Ended 9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2018
Sep. 30, 2017
Sep. 30, 2018
Sep. 30, 2017
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]        
Total Rental and Other Revenues $ 179,417 $ 180,185 $ 538,647 $ 526,876
Total Net Operating Income 118,264 118,951 358,399 349,392
Reconciliation to income before disposition of investment properties and activity in unconsolidated affiliates:        
Depreciation and amortization (57,661) (56,973) (171,923) (168,934)
Impairments of real estate assets 0 (1,445) 0 (1,445)
General and administrative expenses (9,551) (9,247) (30,869) (29,787)
Interest expense (17,437) (17,191) (53,705) (51,208)
Other income 818 558 1,735 2,632
Income before disposition of investment properties and activity in unconsolidated affiliates 34,433 34,653 103,637 100,650
Total Office Segment [Member]        
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]        
Total Rental and Other Revenues 176,260 177,021 529,073 517,079
Total Net Operating Income 115,928 116,637 351,321 342,488
Office Atlanta, GA [Member]        
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]        
Total Rental and Other Revenues 35,375 36,471 105,635 106,027
Total Net Operating Income 21,443 23,600 65,721 68,150
Office Greensboro, NC [Member]        
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]        
Total Rental and Other Revenues 5,349 5,370 16,753 15,956
Total Net Operating Income 3,372 3,367 10,817 10,116
Office Memphis, TN [Member]        
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]        
Total Rental and Other Revenues 10,121 11,459 30,228 35,077
Total Net Operating Income 6,471 6,930 19,289 21,474
Office Nashville, TN [Member]        
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]        
Total Rental and Other Revenues 29,927 28,945 91,319 81,471
Total Net Operating Income 21,896 21,000 66,306 59,250
Office Orlando, FL [Member]        
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]        
Total Rental and Other Revenues 13,352 13,309 40,103 38,183
Total Net Operating Income 8,195 7,999 24,551 23,007
Office Pittsburgh, PA [Member]        
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]        
Total Rental and Other Revenues 14,982 14,719 45,587 44,420
Total Net Operating Income 8,969 8,822 27,189 26,396
Office Raleigh, NC [Member]        
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]        
Total Rental and Other Revenues 30,432 30,524 89,518 90,167
Total Net Operating Income 22,018 21,960 65,384 65,345
Office Richmond, VA [Member]        
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]        
Total Rental and Other Revenues 11,262 11,152 33,204 33,200
Total Net Operating Income 7,376 6,987 22,616 22,453
Office Tampa, FL [Member]        
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]        
Total Rental and Other Revenues 25,460 25,072 76,726 72,578
Total Net Operating Income 16,188 15,972 49,448 46,297
Other [Member]        
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]        
Total Rental and Other Revenues 3,157 3,164 9,574 9,797
Total Net Operating Income $ 2,336 $ 2,314 $ 7,078 $ 6,904
v3.10.0.1
Subsequent Events (Details) - $ / shares
1 Months Ended 3 Months Ended 9 Months Ended
Oct. 18, 2018
Sep. 30, 2018
Sep. 30, 2017
Sep. 30, 2018
Sep. 30, 2017
Subsequent Event [Line Items]          
Dividends declared per Common Share (in dollars per share)   $ 0.4625 $ 0.440 $ 1.3875 $ 1.320
Dividend Declared [Member] | Highwoods Properties, Inc. [Member] | Subsequent Event [Member]          
Subsequent Event [Line Items]          
Dividends declared per Common Share (in dollars per share) $ 0.4625