RAMBUS INC, 10-K filed on 2/24/2025
Annual Report
v3.25.0.1
Cover Page - USD ($)
$ in Billions
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2024
Jan. 31, 2025
Jun. 30, 2024
Cover [Abstract]      
Document Type 10-K    
Document Annual Report true    
Document Period End Date Dec. 31, 2024    
Document Transition Report false    
Entity File Number 000-22339    
Entity Registrant Name RAMBUS INC.    
Entity Incorporation, State or Country Code DE    
Entity Tax Identification Number 94-3112828    
Entity Address, Address Line One 4453 North First Street    
Entity Address, Address Line Two Suite 100    
Entity Address, City or Town San Jose    
Entity Address, State or Province CA    
Entity Address, Postal Zip Code 95134    
City Area Code 408    
Local Phone Number 462-8000    
Title of 12(b) Security Common Stock, $.001 Par Value    
Trading Symbol RMBS    
Security Exchange Name NASDAQ    
Entity Well-known Seasoned Issuer Yes    
Entity Voluntary Filers No    
Entity Current Reporting Status Yes    
Entity Interactive Data Current Yes    
Entity Filer Category Large Accelerated Filer    
Entity Small Business false    
Entity Emerging Growth Company false    
ICFR Auditor Attestation Flag true    
Document Financial Statement Error Correction [Flag] false    
Entity Shell Company false    
Entity Public Float     $ 4.7
Entity Common Stock, Shares Outstanding   106,856,353  
Documents Incorporated by Reference
Certain information is incorporated into Part III of this report by reference to the Proxy Statement for the Registrant’s annual meeting of stockholders to be held on or about April 25, 2025 to be filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission pursuant to Regulation 14A not later than 120 days after the end of the fiscal year covered by this Form 10-K.
   
Entity Central Index Key 0000917273    
Amendment Flag false    
Current Fiscal Year End Date --12-31    
Document Fiscal Year Focus 2024    
Document Fiscal Period Focus FY    
v3.25.0.1
Audit Information
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2024
Dec. 31, 2023
Auditor Information [Abstract]    
Auditor Name KPMG LLP PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP
Auditor Location Santa Clara, California San Jose, California
Auditor Firm ID 185 238
v3.25.0.1
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS - USD ($)
$ in Thousands
Dec. 31, 2024
Dec. 31, 2023
Current assets:    
Cash and cash equivalents $ 99,775 $ 94,767
Marketable securities 382,023 331,077
Accounts receivable 122,813 82,925
Unbilled receivables 25,070 50,872
Inventories 44,634 36,154
Prepaids and other current assets 15,942 34,850
Total current assets 690,257 630,645
Intangible assets, net 17,059 28,769
Goodwill 286,812 286,812
Property and equipment, net 75,509 67,808
Operating lease right-of-use assets 21,454 21,497
Deferred tax assets 136,466 127,892
Income tax receivable 109,947 88,768
Other assets 5,632 6,036
Total assets 1,343,136 1,258,227
Current liabilities:    
Accounts payable 18,522 18,074
Accrued salaries and benefits 19,193 17,504
Deferred revenue 19,903 17,393
Income taxes payable 1,264 5,099
Operating lease liabilities 5,617 4,453
Other current liabilities 17,313 26,598
Total current liabilities 81,812 89,121
Long-term operating lease liabilities 24,534 26,255
Long-term income taxes payable 109,383 78,947
Other long-term liabilities 6,715 25,803
Total liabilities 222,444 220,126
Commitments and contingencies (Notes 10, 13 and 19)
Stockholders’ equity:    
Convertible preferred stock, $.001 par value: Authorized: 5,000,000 shares; Issued and outstanding: no shares at December 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023 0 0
Common Stock, $.001 par value: Authorized: 500,000,000 shares; Issued and outstanding: 106,843,112 shares at December 31, 2024 and 107,853,778 shares at December 31, 2023 107 108
Additional paid in capital 1,275,505 1,324,796
Accumulated deficit (153,660) (285,534)
Accumulated other comprehensive loss (1,260) (1,269)
Total stockholders’ equity 1,120,692 1,038,101
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity $ 1,343,136 $ 1,258,227
v3.25.0.1
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS (Parenthetical) - $ / shares
Dec. 31, 2024
Dec. 31, 2023
Stockholders’ equity:    
Convertible preferred stock, par value (in dollars per share) $ 0.001 $ 0.001
Convertible preferred stock, authorized shares 5,000,000 5,000,000
Convertible preferred stock, issued shares 0 0
Convertible preferred stock, outstanding shares 0 0
Common stock, par value (in dollars per share) $ 0.001 $ 0.001
Common stock, authorized shares 500,000,000 500,000,000
Common stock, issued shares 106,843,112 107,853,778
Common stock, outstanding shares 106,843,112 107,853,778
v3.25.0.1
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS - USD ($)
shares in Thousands, $ in Thousands
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2024
Dec. 31, 2023
Dec. 31, 2022
Revenue      
Revenue $ 556,624 $ 461,117 $ 454,793
Cost of revenue      
Cost of product revenue 95,875 84,495 88,976
Cost of contract and other revenue 3,028 5,403 4,668
Amortization of acquired intangible assets 11,204 13,524 13,935
Cost of revenue 110,107 103,422 107,579
Gross profit 446,517 357,695 347,214
Operating expenses      
Research and development 162,881 156,827 158,769
Sales, general and administrative 104,094 108,149 106,718
Amortization of acquired intangible assets 506 1,217 1,674
Restructuring and other charges 0 9,368 0
Gain on divestiture 0 (90,784) 0
Impairment of assets 1,071 10,045 0
Change in fair value of earn-out liability (5,044) 9,234 3,111
Total operating expenses 263,508 204,056 270,272
Operating income 183,009 153,639 76,942
Interest income and other income (expense), net 18,450 11,327 7,771
Gain on sale of equity security 0 0 3,547
Loss on extinguishment of debt 0 0 (83,626)
Loss on fair value adjustment of derivatives, net 0 (240) (10,585)
Gain on sale of non-marketable equity security 0 23,924 0
Interest Expense, Nonoperating 1,416 1,490 1,874
Interest and other income (expense), net 17,034 33,521 (84,767)
Income (loss) before income taxes 200,043 187,160 (7,825)
Provision for (benefit from) income taxes 20,222 (146,744) 6,485
Net income (loss) $ 179,821 $ 333,904 $ (14,310)
Net income (loss) per share:      
Basic net income (loss) per share $ 1.67 $ 3.09 $ (0.13)
Diluted net income (loss) per share $ 1.65 $ 3.01 $ (0.13)
Weighted-average shares used in per share calculations:      
Basic (in shares) 107,438 108,183 109,472
Diluted (in shares) 109,041 110,889 109,472
Product revenue      
Revenue      
Revenue $ 246,815 $ 224,632 $ 227,068
Royalties      
Revenue      
Revenue 226,172 150,110 139,816
Contract and other revenue      
Revenue      
Revenue $ 83,637 $ 86,375 $ 87,909
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CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS) - USD ($)
$ in Thousands
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2024
Dec. 31, 2023
Dec. 31, 2022
Statement of Comprehensive Income [Abstract]      
Net income (loss) $ 179,821 $ 333,904 $ (14,310)
Other comprehensive income (loss):      
Foreign currency translation adjustment (230) 282 (958)
Unrealized gain (loss) on marketable securities, net of tax 239 3,412 (2,553)
Total comprehensive income (loss) $ 179,830 $ 337,598 $ (17,821)
v3.25.0.1
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY - USD ($)
shares in Thousands, $ in Thousands
Total
Cumulative effect, period of adoption, adjustment
Common stock
Additional paid-in capital
Additional paid-in capital
Cumulative effect, period of adoption, adjustment
Accumulated deficit
Accumulated deficit
Cumulative effect, period of adoption, adjustment
Accumulated other comprehensive gain (loss)
Balance (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2021     109,292          
Balance at Dec. 31, 2021 $ 862,396   $ 109 $ 1,298,966   $ (435,227)   $ (1,452)
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity                
Net income (loss) (14,310)         (14,310)    
Foreign currency translation adjustment (958)             (958)
Unrealized gain (loss) on marketable securities, net of tax (2,553)             (2,553)
Issuance of common stock upon exercise of options, equity stock and stock units, and employee stock purchase plan (in shares)     1,513          
Issuance of common stock upon exercise of options, equity stock and stock units, and employee stock purchase plan (12,277)   $ 2 (12,279)        
Repurchase and retirement of common stock under repurchase program (in shares)     (3,195)          
Repurchase and retirement of common stock under repurchase program (100,421)   $ (3) (10,278)   (90,140)    
Stock-based compensation 35,552     35,552        
Adjustments to additional paid in capital, retirement of convertible senior note hedges (in shares) 78,415     78,415        
Adjustments to additional paid in capital, retirement of warrants (58,423)     (58,423)        
Balance (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2022     107,610          
Balance at Dec. 31, 2022 779,297   $ 108 1,297,408   (513,256)   (4,963)
Balance (Accounting Standards Update 2020-06) at Dec. 31, 2022   $ (8,124)     $ (34,545)   $ 26,421  
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity                
Net income (loss) 333,904         333,904    
Foreign currency translation adjustment 282             282
Unrealized gain (loss) on marketable securities, net of tax 3,412             3,412
Issuance of common stock upon exercise of options, equity stock and stock units, and employee stock purchase plan (in shares)     1,698          
Issuance of common stock upon exercise of options, equity stock and stock units, and employee stock purchase plan (29,378)   $ 1 (29,379)        
Repurchase and retirement of common stock under repurchase program (in shares)     (1,859)          
Repurchase and retirement of common stock under repurchase program (100,526)   $ (1) (5,783)   (94,742)    
Stock-based compensation 45,011     45,011        
Issuance of common stock in connection with payments of earn-out related to the PLDA Group acquisition (in shares)     405          
Issuance of common stock in connection with payments of earn-out related to the PLDA Group acquisition 16,556     16,556        
Issuance of common stock in connection with the maturity of the convertible senior notes related to the settlement of the in-the-money conversion feature of the convertible senior notes (in shares)     284          
Exercise of the convertible senior note hedges in connection with the conversion of convertible senior notes and retirement of the corresponding shares (in shares)     (284)          
Exercise of the convertible senior note hedges in connection with the conversion of convertible senior notes and retirement of the corresponding shares       11,440   (11,440)    
Adjustments to additional paid in capital, retirement of warrants (10,457)     (10,457)        
Balance (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2023     107,854          
Balance at Dec. 31, 2023 1,038,101   $ 108 1,324,796   (285,534)   (1,269)
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity                
Net income (loss) 179,821         179,821    
Foreign currency translation adjustment (230)             (230)
Unrealized gain (loss) on marketable securities, net of tax 239             239
Issuance of common stock upon exercise of options, equity stock and stock units, and employee stock purchase plan (in shares)     1,023          
Issuance of common stock upon exercise of options, equity stock and stock units, and employee stock purchase plan (35,875)   $ 1 (35,876)        
Repurchase and retirement of common stock under repurchase program (in shares)     (2,211)          
Repurchase and retirement of common stock under repurchase program (113,699)   $ (2) (65,750)   (47,947)    
Stock-based compensation 44,879     44,879        
Issuance of common stock in connection with payments of earn-out related to the PLDA Group acquisition (in shares)     177          
Issuance of common stock in connection with payments of earn-out related to the PLDA Group acquisition 7,456     7,456        
Balance (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2024     106,843          
Balance at Dec. 31, 2024 $ 1,120,692   $ 107 $ 1,275,505   $ (153,660)   $ (1,260)
v3.25.0.1
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS - USD ($)
$ in Thousands
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2024
Dec. 31, 2023
Dec. 31, 2022
Cash flows from operating activities:      
Net income (loss) $ 179,821 $ 333,904 $ (14,310)
Adjustments to reconcile net income (loss) to net cash provided by operating activities:      
Stock-based compensation 44,880 45,011 35,552
Depreciation 30,980 33,687 31,517
Amortization of intangible assets 11,710 14,741 15,610
Non-cash interest expense and amortization of convertible debt issuance costs 0 3 207
Loss on extinguishment of debt 0 0 83,626
Loss on fair value adjustment of derivatives, net 0 240 10,585
Deferred income taxes (9,875) (145,350) 689
Gain on divestiture 0 (90,784) 0
Gain on sale of non-marketable equity security 0 (23,924) 0
Impairment of assets 1,071 10,045 0
Gain on sale of equity security 0 0 (3,547)
Change in fair value of earn-out liability (5,044) 9,234 3,111
Other 15 645 2,413
Change in operating assets and liabilities, net of effects of acquisition/disposition:      
Accounts receivable (39,835) (28,931) (9,274)
Unbilled receivables 26,191 93,796 107,945
Prepaid expenses and other assets (5,500) 2,763 (89)
Inventories (8,480) (15,254) (12,702)
Income taxes receivable (21,179) (87,704) (618)
Accounts payable 580 (5,768) 11,975
Accrued salaries and benefits and other liabilities 571 41 (4,745)
Income taxes payable 26,275 59,643 (19,279)
Deferred revenue 3,774 (5,048) (1,354)
Operating lease liabilities (5,356) (5,204) (6,919)
Net cash provided by operating activities 230,599 195,786 230,393
Cash flows from investing activities:      
Purchases of property and equipment (30,697) (23,240) (17,478)
Acquisition of intangible assets 0 0 (3,000)
Purchases of marketable securities (415,374) (434,155) (150,949)
Maturities of marketable securities 280,829 175,854 59,642
Proceeds from sale of marketable securities 85,722 117,798 276,687
Proceeds from sale of non-marketable equity security 22,796 0 0
Proceeds from divestiture 0 106,347 0
Proceeds from sale of equity security 0 0 3,009
Acquisition of businesses, net of cash acquired 0 0 (15,932)
Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities (56,724) (57,396) 151,979
Cash flows from financing activities:      
Proceeds received from issuance of common stock under employee stock plans 5,465 8,950 6,136
Payments of taxes on restricted stock units (41,340) (38,328) (18,413)
Payments under installment payment arrangements (16,350) (16,192) (14,378)
Payments for settlement and repurchase of convertible senior notes 0 (10,381) (258,060)
Proceeds from retirement of convertible senior note hedges 0 0 91,729
Payments for settlement of warrants 0 (10,697) (69,528)
Payment of deferred purchase consideration from acquisition (2,450) (2,450) 0
Repurchase and retirement of common stock, including prepayment under accelerated share repurchase program (113,312) (100,525) (100,421)
Net cash used in financing activities (167,987) (169,623) (362,935)
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash (880) 306 (2,007)
Net increase (decrease) in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash 5,008 (30,927) 17,430
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at beginning of year 94,767 125,694 108,264
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at end of year 99,775 94,767 125,694
Cash paid during the period for:      
Interest 0 73 1,525
Income taxes, net of refunds 27,132 25,932 25,275
Non-cash investing and financing activities:      
Property and equipment received and accrued in accounts payable and other liabilities 3,935 21,768 39,035
Issuance of common stock in connection with the payments of earn-out related to the PLDA Group acquisition 7,456 16,556 0
Operating lease right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for operating lease obligations $ 4,799 $ 1,690 $ 5,931
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CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS (Parenthetical) - USD ($)
$ in Thousands
Dec. 31, 2024
Dec. 31, 2023
Dec. 31, 2022
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash      
Cash and cash equivalents $ 99,775 $ 94,767 $ 125,334
Restricted cash 0 0 360
Cash, cash equivalents, restricted cash $ 99,775 $ 94,767 $ 125,694
v3.25.0.1
Formation and Business of the Company
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2024
Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements [Abstract]  
Formation and Business of the Company Formation and Business of the Company
Rambus Inc. (“Rambus” or the “Company”) was incorporated in California in March 1990 and reincorporated in Delaware in March 1997. Rambus is a global semiconductor company dedicated to enabling the future of the data center and artificial intelligence (“AI”) by delivering innovative memory and security solutions that address the evolving needs of the technology industry.
As a pioneer with nearly 35 years of advanced semiconductor design experience, the Company is at the forefront of enabling the next era of AI-driven computing, addressing the critical challenges of accelerating and securing data movement in the data center, edge, and client markets. The Company is a leader in high-performance memory subsystems, offering a balanced and diverse portfolio of products encompassing chips and silicon intellectual property (“IP”). Focusing primarily on the data center, the Company’s innovative solutions maximize performance and security in computationally intensive systems.
The Company provides industry-leading memory interface chips that enable the highest bandwidth and capacity server memory modules, maximizing memory performance for the most demanding data-intensive workloads. These solutions are essential for supporting the training and inference of increasingly complex AI models, including those used in generative AI applications.
The Company generates revenue by selling its semiconductor chips and licensing its IP products and inventions to market-leading companies.
v3.25.0.1
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2024
Accounting Policies [Abstract]  
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
Financial Statement Presentation
The accompanying consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Rambus and its wholly owned subsidiaries. All intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated on the accompanying consolidated financial statements. Rambus accounts for investments in entities where it owns more than 20% and has significant influence (but not control) over the investee's operations using the equity method. These investments are classified under other assets.
Use of Estimates
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ materially from those estimates.
Reclassifications
Certain prior-year balances were reclassified to conform to the current year’s presentation. None of these reclassifications had an impact on reported net income or cash flows for any of the periods presented.
Revenue Recognition
The Company recognizes revenue upon transfer of control of promised goods and services in an amount that reflects the consideration it expects to receive in exchange for those goods and services. Goods and services that are distinct are accounted for as separate performance obligations.
Where an arrangement includes multiple performance obligations, the transaction price is allocated to these on a relative standalone selling price basis. The Company has established standalone selling prices for the majority of its distinct offerings - specifically, the same pricing methodology is consistently applied to all licensing arrangements; all service offerings are priced within tightly controlled bands and all contracts that include support and maintenance state a renewal rate or price that is systematically enforced. For certain contracts, the Company utilizes the residual approach to estimate standalone selling prices primarily for service offerings sold to customers at highly variable pricing.
The Company’s revenue consists of product, royalty and contract and other revenue. Products primarily consist of memory interface chips sold directly and indirectly to module manufacturers and OEMs worldwide through multiple channels, including
its direct sales force and distributors. Royalty revenue consists of patent and technology license royalties. Contract and other revenue consists of software license fees, engineering fees associated with integration of the Company’s technology solutions into its customers’ products and support and maintenance fees.
Product Revenue
Product revenue is recognized upon shipment of product to customers, net of accruals for estimated sales returns and allowances, and to distributors, net of accruals for price protection and rights of return on products unsold by the distributors. The Company transacts with direct customers primarily pursuant to standard purchase orders for delivery of products and generally allows customers to cancel or change purchase orders within limited notice periods prior to the scheduled shipment date.
Royalty Revenue
Rambus’ patent and technology licensing arrangements generally range between one year and ten years in duration and generally grant the licensee the right to use applicable portions of the Company’s entire IP portfolio as it evolves over time. These arrangements do not typically grant the licensee the right to terminate for convenience and where such rights exist, termination is prospective, with no refund of fees already paid or cancellation of fees already incurred by the licensee.
Patent and technology licensing arrangements result in fixed payments received over time, with guaranteed minimum payments on occasion, variable payments calculated based on the licensee’s sale or use of the IP, or a mix of fixed and variable payments.
For fixed-fee arrangements (including arrangements that include minimum guaranteed amounts), the Company recognizes revenue upon control over the underlying IP use right transferring to the licensee, net of the effect of significant financing components calculated using customer-specific, risk-adjusted lending rates typically ranging between 5% and 10%, with the related interest income recognized over time on an effective rate basis. Where a licensee has the contractual right to terminate a fixed-fee arrangement for convenience without any substantive penalty payable upon such termination, the Company recognizes revenue for the duration of the contract in which the parties have present enforceable rights and obligations.
For variable arrangements, the Company recognizes revenue based on an estimate of the licensee’s sale or usage of the IP during the periods the sale or usage occur, typically quarterly, with a true-up recorded, if required, when the Company receives the actual royalty report from the licensee.
The Company recognizes license renewal revenue commencing with the start of the renewal period.
Contract and Other Revenue
Contract and other revenue consists of software license fees and engineering fees associated with integration of the Company’s technology solutions into its customers’ products, and support and maintenance.
An initial software arrangement may consist of a term-based or perpetual license, significant software customization services and support and maintenance services that include post-implementation customer support and the right to unspecified software updates and enhancements on a when and if available basis. The Company recognizes license and customization services revenue at a point in time when final delivery is made or based on an over time model, depending on the nature and amount of customization. For the over time model, the Company recognizes revenue over time by measuring the progress toward complete satisfaction of that performance obligation.
The Company recognizes support and maintenance revenue over the time those services are provided.
Significant Judgments
The Company applies significant judgment when determining the amount and timing of revenue from the Company’s contracts with customers, based on its estimate of the man-months necessary for completing development and customization services. The Company has adequate tools and controls in place, and substantial experience and expertise in timely and
accurately tracking man-months incurred in completing customization and other professional services, and quantifying significant changes in estimates.
The Company recognizes revenue on variable fee licensing arrangements on the basis of estimated sales and usage, which the Company then trues up to actual results when it receives the final related reports from its customers.
Contract Balances
Timing of revenue recognition may differ from the timing of invoicing to the Company’s customers. The Company records contract assets when revenue is recognized prior to invoicing, and a contract liability when revenue is recognized subsequent to invoicing. The contract assets are transferred to receivables when the billing occurs.
Cost of Revenue
Cost of revenue includes cost of professional services, materials, including cost of wafers processed by third-party foundries, costs associated with packaging and assembly, test and shipping, cost of personnel, including stock-based compensation, and equipment associated with manufacturing support, logistics and quality assurance, warranty costs, amortization of existing technology, write-down of inventories, amortization of production mask costs, overhead and an allocated portion of occupancy costs.
Leases
The Company leases office space, domestically and internationally, under operating leases. The Company’s leases have remaining lease terms generally between one year and eight years. Operating leases are included in operating lease right-of-use (“ROU”) assets, operating lease liabilities and long-term operating lease liabilities in the Company’s Consolidated Balance Sheets. The Company does not have any finance leases. The Company determines if an arrangement is a lease, or contains a lease, at inception. The Company assesses all relevant facts and circumstances in making the determination of the existence of a lease. For leases with terms greater than 12 months, the Company records the related asset and obligation at the present value of lease payments over the term. The Company uses its incremental borrowing rate based on the information available at the commencement date in determining the present value of lease payments, and uses the implicit rate when readily determinable. Many of the Company’s leases include rental escalation clauses, renewal options and/or termination options that are factored into the determination of lease payments when appropriate. Leases with an initial term of 12 months or less are not recorded on the balance sheet, and the Company does not separate non-lease components from lease components. Operating lease costs are included in research and development and selling, general and administrative costs in the Company’s Consolidated Statements of Operations.
Goodwill
Goodwill represents the excess of the purchase price over the fair value of the net tangible and identifiable intangible assets acquired in each business combination. Goodwill is not subject to amortization, but is subject to at least an annual assessment for impairment. The Company performs its impairment analysis of goodwill on an annual basis during the fourth quarter of the year unless conditions arise that warrant a more frequent evaluation.
When goodwill is assessed for impairment, the Company has the option to perform an assessment of qualitative factors of impairment (optional assessment) prior to necessitating a quantitative impairment test. Should the optional assessment be used for any given year, qualitative factors to consider for a reporting unit include: cost factors; financial performance; legal, regulatory, contractual, political, business, or other factors; entity specific factors; industry and market considerations; macroeconomic conditions; and other relevant events and factors affecting the reporting unit. If the Company determines in the qualitative assessment that it is more likely than not that the fair value of the reporting unit is less than its carrying value, a quantitative test is then performed. Otherwise, no further testing is required. For a reporting unit tested using a quantitative approach, the Company compares the fair value of the reporting unit with the carrying amount of the reporting unit, including goodwill. The fair value of the reporting unit is estimated using an income approach.
Under the income approach, the Company measures fair value of the reporting unit based on a projected cash flow method using a discount rate determined by its management which is commensurate with the risk inherent in its current business model. The Company’s discounted cash flow projections are based on annual financial forecasts developed internally by management for use in managing its business. If the fair value of the reporting unit exceeds its carrying value, goodwill is not impaired and no further testing is required. If the fair value of the reporting unit is less than the carrying value, then the amount of goodwill impairment will be the amount by which the reporting unit’s carrying value exceeds its fair value, not to exceed the carrying amount of goodwill.
The Company performed its annual goodwill impairment analysis as of December 31, 2024 and determined that there was no impairment of its goodwill. For the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, the Company did not recognize any goodwill impairment charges.
Intangible Assets
Intangible assets are comprised of existing technology, customer contracts and contractual relationships, and other definite-lived and indefinite-lived intangible assets. Identifiable intangible assets resulting from the acquisitions of entities accounted for using the purchase method of accounting are estimated by management based on the fair value of assets received. Identifiable definite-lived intangible assets are amortized over the period of estimated benefit using the straight-line method, with estimated useful lives ranging from six months to ten years.
Acquired indefinite-lived intangible assets related to the Company’s in-process research and development (“IPR&D”) are capitalized and subject to impairment testing until completion or abandonment of the projects. Upon successful completion of each project, the Company makes a separate determination of the useful life of the acquired indefinite-lived intangible assets and the related amortization is recorded as an expense over the estimated useful life of the specific projects. Indefinite-lived intangible assets are subject to at least an annual assessment for impairment, applying a fair-value based test. The Company first performs a qualitative assessment to determine whether it is more likely than not (more than 50% likelihood) that the indefinite-lived intangible assets are impaired. If after assessing the totality of events and circumstances and their potential effect on significant inputs to the fair value determination, the Company determines that it is more likely than not that the indefinite-lived intangible assets are impaired, then the Company performs a quantitative impairment test by comparing the fair value of the intangible assets with its carrying amount. The Company measures fair value of the indefinite-lived intangible assets under the income approach based on a projected cash flow method using a discount rate determined by its management which is commensurate with the risk inherent in its current business model. The Company’s discounted cash flow projections are based on its annual financial forecasts developed internally by management for use in managing its business. If the fair value of the indefinite-lived intangible assets exceeds its carrying value, the indefinite-lived intangible assets are not impaired and no further testing is required. If the implied fair value of the indefinite-lived intangible assets is less than the carrying value, the difference is recorded as an impairment loss.
Inventories
Inventories are stated at the lower of cost or net realizable value. Cost is computed using standard cost, which approximates actual cost, on a first-in, first-out basis. Inventories are reduced for write-downs based on periodic reviews for evidence of excess or obsolete parts. The write-down is based on comparison between inventory on hand and estimated future sales for each specific product. Once written down, inventory write-downs are not reversed until the inventory is sold or scrapped. Inventory write-downs are also established when conditions indicate that the net realizable value is less than cost due to physical deterioration, obsolescence, changes in price level or other causes.
Property and Equipment
Property and equipment include computer software, computer equipment, leasehold improvements, machinery, and furniture and fixtures. Computer software, computer equipment, machinery, and furniture and fixtures are stated at cost and generally depreciated on a straight-line basis over an estimated useful life of three to seven years. Refer to Note 11, “Balance Sheet Details,” for additional information. Leasehold improvements are amortized on a straight-line basis over the shorter of their estimated useful lives or the remaining terms of the leases. Upon disposal, assets and related accumulated depreciation are removed from the accounts and the related gain or loss is included in the results from operations.
Definite-Lived Asset Impairment
The Company evaluates definite-lived assets (including property and equipment and intangible assets) for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate the carrying value of an asset group may not be recoverable. The carrying value is not recoverable if it exceeds the undiscounted cash flows resulting from the use of the asset group and its eventual disposition. The Company’s estimates of future cash flows attributable to its asset groups require significant judgment based on its historical and anticipated results and are subject to many factors. Factors that the Company considers important which could trigger an impairment review include significant negative industry or economic trends, significant loss of clients and significant changes in the manner of its use of the acquired assets or the strategy for its overall business.
When the Company determines that the carrying value of an asset group may not be recoverable based upon the existence of one or more of the above indicators of impairment, the Company measures the potential impairment based on a projected
discounted cash flow method using a discount rate determined by the Company to be commensurate with the risk inherent in the Company’s current business model. An impairment loss is recognized only if the carrying amount of the asset group is not recoverable and exceeds its fair value. The impairment charge is recorded to reduce the pre-impairment carrying amount of the assets based on the relative carrying amount of those assets, though not to reduce the carrying amount of an asset below its fair value. Different assumptions and judgments could materially affect the calculation of the fair value of the assets. During 2024, 2023 and 2022, the Company did not recognize any impairment of its definite-lived and indefinite-lived assets, except as described in Note 20, “Divestiture.”
Income Taxes
Income taxes are accounted for using an asset and liability approach, which requires the recognition of deferred tax assets and liabilities for expected future tax events that have been recognized differently in the Company’s consolidated financial statements and tax returns. The measurement of current and deferred tax assets and liabilities is based on provisions of the enacted tax law and the effects of future changes in tax laws or rates are not anticipated. A valuation allowance is established when necessary to reduce deferred tax assets to the amount of future tax benefit that is more likely than not to be realized.
In addition, the calculation of the Company’s tax liabilities involves dealing with uncertainties in the application of complex tax regulations. As a result, the Company reports a liability for unrecognized tax benefits resulting from uncertain tax positions taken or expected to be taken in its tax return. The company recognizes the benefit from a tax position only if it is more-likely-than-not that the position would be sustained upon audit based solely on the technical merits of the tax position.
Stock-Based Compensation and Equity Incentive Plans
The Company maintains stock plans covering a broad range of equity grants including stock options, nonvested equity stock and equity stock units and performance-based instruments. In addition, the Company sponsors an Employee Stock Purchase Plan (“ESPP”), whereby eligible employees are entitled to purchase common stock semi-annually, by means of limited payroll deductions, at a 15% discount from the fair market value of the common stock as of specific dates. The Company determines compensation expense associated with restricted stock units based on the fair value of its common stock on the date of grant.
Cash and Cash Equivalents
Cash equivalents are investments with original maturity of three months or less at the date of purchase. The Company maintains its cash balances with high-quality financial institutions. Cash equivalents are invested in highly rated, liquid money market securities, time deposits and certain U.S. government sponsored obligations.
Marketable Securities
Rambus invests its excess cash and cash equivalents primarily in U.S. government-sponsored obligations, corporate bonds, commercial paper and notes, time deposits and money market funds that mature within three years. Available-for-sale securities are carried at fair value, based on quoted market prices, with the unrealized gains or losses reported, net of tax, in stockholders’ equity as part of accumulated other comprehensive income (loss). The amortized cost of debt securities is adjusted for amortization of premiums and accretion of discounts to maturity, both of which are included in interest and other income, net. Realized gains and losses are recorded based on the specific identification method and are included in interest and other income, net. The Company reviews its investments in marketable securities for possible other than temporary impairments on a regular basis. If any loss on investment is believed to be a credit loss, a charge will be recognized in operations. In evaluating whether a credit loss on a debt security has occurred, the Company considers the following factors: 1) the Company’s intent to sell the security, 2) if the Company intends to hold the security, whether or not it is more likely than not that the Company will be required to sell the security before recovery of the security’s amortized cost basis and 3) even if the Company intends to hold the security, whether or not the Company expects the security to recover the entire amortized cost basis. Due to the high credit quality and short-term nature of the Company’s investments, there have been no material credit losses recorded to date. The classification of funds between short-term and long-term is based on whether the securities are available for use in operations or other purposes.
Fair Value of Financial Instruments
The fair value measurement statement defines fair value as the price that would be received from selling an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date, and requires disclosure that establishes a framework for measuring fair value and expands disclosure about fair value measurements. The statement requires that fair value measurement be classified and disclosed in one of the following three categories:
Level 1: Unadjusted quoted prices in active markets that are accessible at the measurement date for identical, unrestricted assets or liabilities. The Company uses unadjusted quotes to determine fair value. The financial assets in Level 1 include money market funds.
Level 2: Quoted prices in markets that are not active, or inputs which are observable, either directly or indirectly, for substantially the full term of the asset or liability. The Company uses observable pricing inputs including benchmark yields, reported trades and broker/dealer quotes. The financial assets in Level 2 include U.S. government bonds and notes, and corporate bonds, commercial paper and notes.
Level 3: Prices or valuation techniques that require inputs that are both significant to the fair value measurement and unobservable (i.e., supported by little or no market activity). When determining fair value, the Company considers the principal or most advantageous market in which the Company would transact, and the Company considers assumptions that market participants would use when pricing the asset or liability, such as inherent risk, transfer restrictions and risk of non-performance.
The Company does not have any financial assets or liabilities in Level 3 as of December 31, 2024 and 2023, except for the Company’s liability for the earn-out consideration related to the PLDA acquisition as of December 31, 2023, which was recorded within other long-term liabilities. The Company had classified this liability within Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy because the fair value was determined using significant unobservable inputs. Refer to Note 9, “Fair Value of Financial Instruments,” for additional information.
The carrying value of cash equivalents, accounts receivable and accounts payable approximate their fair values due to their relatively short maturities as of December 31, 2024 and 2023.
The Company’s financial instruments are measured and recorded at fair value, except for equity method investments and convertible notes. Marketable securities are comprised of available-for-sale securities that are reported at fair value with the related unrealized gains and losses included in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss), a component of stockholders’ equity, net of tax. Fair value of the marketable securities is determined based on quoted market prices. The fair value of the Company’s convertible notes fluctuated with interest rates and with the market price of the common stock, but did not affect the carrying value of the debt on the balance sheet.
The Company’s non-financial assets, such as goodwill, intangible assets and property and equipment, are measured at fair value when there is an indicator of impairment and recorded at fair value only when an impairment charge is recognized. The Company’s equity method investments were initially recognized at cost, and the carrying amount was increased or decreased to recognize the Company’s share of the profit or loss of the investee after the date of acquisition. The Company’s share of the investee’s profit or loss was recognized in interest and other income (expense), net in the Company’s Consolidated Statements of Operations. Distributions received from an investee reduced the carrying amount of the investment.
Research and Development
Costs incurred in research and development, which include engineering expenses, such as salaries and related benefits, stock-based compensation, depreciation, professional services and overhead expenses related to the general development of the Company’s products, are expensed as incurred.
Computation of Earnings (Loss) Per Share
Basic earnings (loss) per share is calculated by dividing the net income (loss) by the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding during the period. Diluted earnings per share is calculated by dividing the earnings by the weighted-average number of common shares and potentially dilutive securities outstanding during the period. Potentially dilutive common shares consist of incremental common shares issuable upon exercise of stock options, employee stock purchases, and restricted stock and restricted stock units, and shares issuable upon the conversion of convertible notes. The dilutive effect of outstanding shares is reflected in diluted earnings per share by application of the treasury stock method, or the if-converted method for the in-the-money conversion benefit feature of the 2023 Notes. This method includes consideration of the amounts to be paid by the employees, the amount of excess tax benefits that would be recognized in equity if the instrument was exercised and the amount of unrecognized stock-based compensation related to future services. No potentially dilutive common shares are included in the computation of diluted earnings per share amount when a net loss is reported.
Comprehensive Income (Loss)
Comprehensive income (loss) is defined as the change in equity of a business enterprise during a period from transactions and other events and circumstances from non-owner sources, including foreign currency translation adjustments and unrealized gains and losses on marketable securities. Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax, is presented in the Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss).
Credit Concentration
As of December 31, 2024 and 2023, the Company’s cash, cash equivalents and marketable securities were invested with various financial institutions in the form of corporate bonds, commercial paper and notes, money market funds, time deposits, U.S. Treasuries and U.S. Government Agencies. The Company’s exposure to market risk for changes in interest rates relates primarily to its investment portfolio. The Company places its investments with high-credit issuers and, by investment policy, attempts to limit the amount of credit exposure to any one issuer. As stated in the Company’s investment policy, it will ensure the safety and preservation of the Company’s invested funds by limiting default risk and market risk. The Company has certain investments denominated in foreign currencies and therefore is subject to foreign exchange risk from these assets. The Company holds cash, cash equivalents and marketable securities in excess of federally insured limits.
The Company mitigates default risk by investing in high credit quality securities and by positioning its portfolio to respond appropriately to a significant reduction in a credit rating of any investment issuer or guarantor. The portfolio includes only marketable securities with active secondary or resale markets to enable portfolio liquidity.
The Company’s accounts receivable are derived from revenue earned from customers located in the U.S. and internationally. Refer to Note 7, “Segments and Major Customers,” for additional information.
The Company’s unbilled receivables are collected from customers located in the U.S. and internationally. Refer to Note 4, “Revenue Recognition,” for additional information.
Foreign Currency Translation and Re-Measurement
The Company translates the assets and liabilities of its non-U.S. dollar functional currency subsidiaries into U.S. dollars using exchange rates in effect at the end of each period. Revenue and expenses for these subsidiaries are translated using rates that approximate those in effect during the period. Gains and losses from these translations are recognized in foreign currency translation included in accumulated other comprehensive gain (loss) in the Company’s Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity. The Company’s subsidiaries that use the U.S. dollar as their functional currency re-measure monetary assets and liabilities at exchange rates in effect at the end of each period, and inventories, property and non-monetary assets and liabilities at historical rates. Additionally, foreign currency transaction gains and losses are included in interest income and other (income) expense, net, in the Company’s Consolidated Statements of Operations and were not material in the periods presented.
Business Combinations
The Company accounts for acquisitions of businesses using the purchase method of accounting, which requires the Company to recognize separately from goodwill the assets acquired and the liabilities assumed at their acquisition date fair values.
Accounting for business combinations requires management to make significant estimates and assumptions, especially at the acquisition date including the Company’s estimates for intangible assets, contractual obligations assumed and pre-acquisition contingencies where applicable.
v3.25.0.1
Recent Accounting Pronouncements
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2024
Accounting Standards Update and Change in Accounting Principle [Abstract]  
Recent Accounting Pronouncements Recent Accounting Pronouncements
Recent Accounting Pronouncements Adopted
In August 2020, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued ASU No. 2020-06, “Debt—Debt with Conversion and Other Options (Subtopic 470-20) and Derivatives and Hedging - Contracts in Entity's Own Equity (Subtopic 815-40) (“ASU 2020-06”).” The amendments in this ASU simplify the accounting for certain financial instruments with characteristics of liabilities and equity, including convertible instruments and contracts in an entity’s own equity. Among other changes, the guidance removes the liability and equity separation models for convertible instruments. Instead, entities will account for convertible debt instruments wholly as debt unless convertible instruments contain features that require bifurcation as a derivative or that result in substantial premiums accounted for as paid-in capital. The guidance also requires the application of the if-converted method to calculate the impact of convertible instruments on diluted earnings per share. The guidance is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2021. The Company adopted this guidance on January 1, 2022 on a modified retrospective basis. Upon adoption, the Company reversed approximately $35.2 million of debt discount related to the Company’s 1.375% Convertible Senior Notes due 2023 (the “2023 Notes”) from additional paid-in capital, reversed approximately $8.3 million representing the unamortized debt discount from liabilities, and recorded the net impact of $26.9 million to accumulated deficit. The Company also removed approximately $0.7 million of debt issuance costs related to the 2023 Notes from additional paid-in capital and recorded approximately $0.5 million to accumulated deficit related to the amortization of debt issuance costs that were historically allocated to equity.
In November 2023, the FASB issued ASU No. 2023-07, “Segment Reporting (Topic 280): Improvements to Reportable Segment Disclosures.” This guidance requires disclosure of incremental segment information on an annual and interim basis, primarily through enhanced disclosures about significant segment expenses that are regularly provided to the chief operating decision maker. In addition, this ASU requires that all existing annual disclosures about segment profit or loss must be provided on an interim basis and clarifies that single reportable segment entities are subject to the disclosure requirement under Topic 280 in its entirety. This ASU is effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2023, and interim reporting periods within annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2024. The Company adopted this guidance for the year ended December 31, 2024 on a retrospective basis. Refer to Note 7, “Segments and Major Customers,” for additional information.
Recent Accounting Pronouncements Not Yet Adopted
In December 2023, the FASB issued ASU No. 2023-09, “Income Taxes (Topic 740): Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures.” This guidance requires additional disclosures related to rate reconciliation, income taxes paid and other disclosures. For each annual period presented, public business entities are required to 1) disclose specific categories in the rate reconciliation and 2) provide additional information for reconciling items that meet a quantitative threshold. In addition, this ASU requires all reporting entities to disclose on an annual basis the amount of income taxes paid disaggregated by federal, state and foreign taxes, as well as the amount of income taxes paid disaggregated by individual jurisdictions which meet a quantitative threshold. This ASU is effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2024, with early adoption permitted for annual financial statements that have not yet been issued or made available for issuance. The amendments in this ASU should be applied on a prospective basis, with retrospective application permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the impact that the adoption of this guidance will have on its consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.
In November 2024, the FASB issued ASU No. 2024-03, “Income Statement—Reporting Comprehensive Income—Expense Disaggregation Disclosures (Subtopic 220-40): Disaggregation of Income Statement Expenses (“ASU 2024-03”).” This guidance requires public business entities to disclose additional information about specific expense categories in the notes to financial statements at interim and annual reporting periods, including amounts of inventory purchases, employee compensation, and depreciation and amortization included in each income statement expense caption, as applicable. The ASU also requires a qualitative description of the amounts remaining in expense captions that are not separately disaggregated quantitatively, as well as disclosure of the total amount of selling expenses and, in annual reporting periods, the entity’s definition of selling expenses. This ASU is effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2026 and interim reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2027. Early adoption is permitted. The amendments in this ASU may be applied either on a prospective or retrospective basis. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of this ASU on its consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.
In November 2024, the FASB issued ASU No. 2024-04, “Debt—Debt with Conversion and Other Options (Subtopic 470-20): Induced Conversions of Convertible Debt Instruments.” This guidance clarifies the requirements for determining
whether certain settlements of convertible debt instruments should be accounted for as an induced conversion. The ASU also clarifies that the induced conversion guidance applies to a convertible debt instrument that is not currently convertible as long as it had a substantive conversion feature as of both its issuance date and the date the inducement offer is accepted. This ASU is effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2025 and interim reporting periods within those annual reporting periods. Early adoption is permitted for all entities that have adopted the amendments of ASU 2020-06. The amendments in this ASU may be applied either on a prospective or retrospective basis. The Company currently expects no impact from this ASU on its consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.
v3.25.0.1
Revenue Recognition (Notes)
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2024
Revenue from Contract with Customer [Abstract]  
Revenue Recognition Revenue Recognition
Contract Balances
The contract assets are primarily related to the Company’s fixed fee IP licensing arrangements and rights to consideration for performance obligations delivered but not billed as of December 31, 2024.
The Company’s contract balances were as follows:
As of December 31,
(In thousands)20242023
Unbilled receivables$29,104 $55,295 
Deferred revenue21,852 18,085 
During the years ended December 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, the Company recognized $17.5 million and $20.8 million, respectively, of revenue that was included in deferred revenue as of December 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively.
Remaining Performance Obligations
Revenue allocated to remaining performance obligations represents the transaction price allocated to the performance obligations that are unsatisfied, or partially unsatisfied, which includes unearned revenue and amounts that will be invoiced and recognized as revenue in future periods. Contracted but unsatisfied performance obligations were approximately $25.7 million as of December 31, 2024, which the Company primarily expects to recognize over the next 2 years.
v3.25.0.1
Earnings (Loss) Per Share
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2024
Earnings Per Share [Abstract]  
Earnings (Loss) Per Share Earnings (Loss) Per Share
The following table sets forth the computation of basic and diluted net income (loss) per share:
For the Years Ended December 31,
(In thousands, except per share amounts)202420232022
Net income (loss) per share:
Numerator:
Net income (loss)$179,821 $333,904 $(14,310)
Denominator:
Weighted-average common shares outstanding - basic
107,438 108,183 109,472 
Effect of potentially dilutive common shares1,603 2,706 — 
Weighted-average common shares outstanding - diluted
109,041 110,889 109,472 
Basic net income (loss) per share$1.67 $3.09 $(0.13)
Diluted net income (loss) per share$1.65 $3.01 $(0.13)
The following potentially dilutive securities were excluded from the calculation of diluted net loss per share attributable to the Company’s common stockholders for the year ended December 31, 2022 because the impact of including them would have been anti-dilutive (in thousands):
For the Year Ended December 31,
(In thousands)2022
Stock options282 
Restricted stock units2,361 
Potentially issuable shares related to the in-the-money conversion benefit feature of convertible notes175 
Total2,818 
The shares in the tables above did not include the principal amount of the Company’s 2023 Notes (“the 2023 Notes”) as the principal amount of the 2023 Notes had to be paid in cash. The Company settled the conversion of the remaining $10.4 million aggregate principal amount of the 2023 Notes in the first quarter of 2023. Accordingly, the Company delivered approximately 0.3 million shares of the Company's common stock as settlement related to the in-the-money conversion feature of the 2023 Notes and received an equal amount of shares due to the settlement of the convertible senior note hedges. The Company included dilutive instruments exercised during the period in the denominator of diluted earnings (loss) per share for the period prior to exercise, and thereafter, the Company included the actual shares issued in the denominator for both basic and diluted earnings (loss) per share. Refer to Note 12, “Convertible Notes,” for additional information.
As a result of the Company’s adoption of ASU No. 2020-06 on January 1, 2022, the dilutive impact of the 2023 Notes on the calculation of diluted net income (loss) per share was considered using the if-converted method. Furthermore, because the principal amount of the 2023 Notes had to be settled in cash, the dilutive impact of applying the if-converted method was limited to the in-the-money portion, if any, of the 2023 Notes.
v3.25.0.1
Intangible Assets and Goodwill
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2024
Goodwill and Intangible Assets Disclosure [Abstract]  
Intangible Assets and Goodwill Intangible Assets and Goodwill
Goodwill
The following tables present goodwill information for the years ended December 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023:
(In thousands)December 31,
2023
Adjustment to Goodwill December 31,
2024
Total goodwill$286,812 — $286,812 

(In thousands)December 31,
2022
Divestiture of Goodwill (1)
December 31,
2023
Total goodwill$292,040 $(5,228)$286,812 
______________________________________
(1)    In September 2023, the Company divested its PHY IP group, which resulted in the Company recognizing a decrease in goodwill based on the relative fair value of the Company’s single reporting unit in proportion to the fair value of the divested PHY IP group. Refer to Note 20, “Divestiture,” for additional information.
Intangible Assets, Net
The components of the Company’s intangible assets as of December 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023 were as follows:
As of December 31, 2024
(In thousands, except useful life)Useful Life
Gross Carrying Amount (1)
Accumulated Amortization (1)
Net Carrying Amount
Existing technology
3 to 10 years
$288,001 $(270,954)$17,047 
Customer contracts and contractual relationships
0.5 to 10 years
37,496 (37,484)12 
Non-compete agreements and trademarks3 years300 (300)— 
Total intangible assets$325,797 $(308,738)$17,059 
______________________________________
(1)    The IPR&D projects acquired in connection with the acquisition of PLDA in 2021 were completed during the fourth quarter of 2024. The related intangible assets of $7.4 million were reclassified as existing technology and are being amortized over their expected useful life of five years. During the year ended December 31, 2024, the amortization for the reclassified assets was not material.
As of December 31, 2023
(In thousands, except useful life)Useful Life
Gross Carrying Amount (1)
Accumulated Amortization (1)
Net Carrying Amount
Existing technology
3 to 10 years
$286,712 $(265,756)$20,956 
Customer contracts and contractual relationships
0.5 to 10 years
37,496 (37,083)413 
Non-compete agreements and trademarks3 years300 (300)— 
IPR&DNot applicable7,400 — 7,400 
Total intangible assets$331,908 $(303,139)$28,769 
______________________________________
(1)    In September 2023, the Company disposed of approximately $7.4 million of net intangible assets (including $3.8 million of IPR&D) in connection with the divestiture of the Company’s PHY IP group. Refer to Note 20, “Divestiture,” for additional information.
Amortization expense for intangible assets for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022 was $11.7 million, $14.7 million and $15.6 million, respectively.
The estimated future amortization expense of intangible assets as of December 31, 2024 was as follows (in thousands):
Years Ending December 31:Amount
2025$7,226 
20265,191 
20271,929 
20281,480 
20291,233 
Total intangible assets$17,059 
v3.25.0.1
Segment Information
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2024
Segment Reporting [Abstract]  
Segment Information Segments and Major Customers
Operating segments are based upon the Company’s internal organization structure, the manner in which its operations are managed, the criteria used by its Chief Operating Decision Maker (“CODM”) to evaluate segment performance and availability of separate financial information regularly reviewed for resource allocation and performance assessment.
The Company has determined its CODM to be the Chief Executive Officer (“CEO”). The CEO reviews financial information presented on a consolidated basis for purposes of managing the business, allocating resources, making operating decisions and assessing financial performance. On this basis, the Company is organized and operates as a single segment within the semiconductor space. As of December 31, 2024, the Company has a single operating and reportable segment.
The CODM uses net income to assess segment performance, allocate resources and manage the business on a consolidated basis. The significant expenses for the segment exclude certain non-cash adjustments and non-recurring items, and are used to monitor budget versus actual results and to analyze the period-over-period comparisons.
The significant expenses that are regularly provided to the CODM and reconciliations to the consolidated net income for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022, respectively, were as follows:
For the Years Ended December 31,
(In thousands)202420232022
Total revenue
$556,624 $461,117 $454,793 
Adjusted cost of revenue (1)
(98,368)(89,322)(93,101)
Adjusted research and development (2)
(146,431)(140,793)(142,853)
Adjusted sales, general and administrative (3)
(76,038)(76,669)(78,335)
Other segment items:
Stock-based compensation expenses (4)
(44,879)(45,011)(35,552)
Amortization of acquired intangible assets (4)
(11,710)(14,741)(15,610)
Impairment of assets (1,071)(10,045)— 
Acquisition & divestiture-related costs (5)
(162)(1,625)(7,179)
Interest and other income (expense), net
17,034 33,521 (84,767)
Change in fair value of earn-out liability 5,044 (9,234)(3,111)
Restructuring charges — (9,368)— 
Gain on divestiture — 90,784 — 
Other (6)
— (1,454)(2,110)
  Provision for (benefit from) income taxes(20,222)146,744 (6,485)
Net income (loss)
$179,821 $333,904 $(14,310)
_________________________________________
(1)    Excludes stock-based compensation expenses and amortization of acquisition-related intangible assets.
(2)     Excludes stock-based compensation expenses and retention bonus expense related to acquisitions.
(3)    Excludes stock-based compensation expenses and acquisition/divestiture-related costs and retention bonus expense.
(4)    The Company excludes these expenses from its adjusted cost of revenue and operating expenses primarily because such expenses are non-cash expenses that the Company does not believe are reflective of ongoing operating results.
(5)    The Company excludes these expenses in order to provide better comparability between periods as they are related to acquisitions and divestitures and have no direct correlation to the Company’s ongoing operating results.
(6)    Includes gain on sale of equity security, expense on abandoned operating leases, facility restoration costs and certain other one-time adjustments. The Company excludes these items as they are not reflective of ongoing results.
The following represents the Company’s significant expenses related to research and development expenses and sales, general and administrative expenses, as shown above, for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022:
For the Years Ended December 31,
(In thousands)202420232022
Payroll and benefits$129,228 $123,056 $124,130 
Variable research and development expenses (1)
27,342 28,228 29,482 
Professional fees 20,055 22,148 21,524 
Temporary labor services and consulting expenses14,264 13,577 17,276 
Facilities costs11,853 12,347 11,205 
Amortization and depreciation10,076 10,144 9,265 
Other expenses9,651 7,962 8,306 
Total adjusted operating expenses $222,469 $217,462 $221,188 
_________________________________________
(1)    Includes primarily software tools, software licenses and prototyping costs.
The measure of segment assets is reported on the Company’s Consolidated Balance Sheets as total consolidated assets.
Accounts receivable from the Company’s major customers representing 10% or more of total accounts receivable as of December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively, was as follows:
As of December 31,
Customer20242023
Customer 139 %49 %
Customer 217 %13 %
Customer 3*12 %
_________________________________________
*    Customer accounted for less than 10% of total accounts receivable in the period.
Revenue from the Company’s major customers representing 10% or more of total revenue for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022, respectively, was as follows:
Years Ended December 31,
Customer202420232022
Customer A23 %27 %*
Customer B17 %18 %19 %
Customer C12 %*17 %
Customer D**14 %
_________________________________________
*    Customer accounted for less than 10% of total revenue in the period.
Revenue from customers in the geographic regions based on the location of contracting parties was as follows:
Years Ended December 31,
(In thousands)202420232022
United States$201,466 $176,821 $277,776 
South Korea197,515 152,328 7,222 
Singapore67,318 53,327 57,309 
Other90,325 78,641 112,486 
Total$556,624 $461,117 $454,793 
As of December 31, 2024, of the $75.5 million of total property and equipment, approximately $70.4 million was located in the United States, $2.6 million was located in India and $2.5 million was located in other foreign locations. As of December 31, 2023, of the $67.8 million of total property and equipment, approximately $64.1 million was located in the United States, $3.0 million was located in India and $0.7 million was located in other foreign locations.
v3.25.0.1
Marketable Securities
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2024
Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale [Abstract]  
Marketable Securities Marketable Securities
All cash equivalents and marketable securities are classified as available-for-sale. Total cash, cash equivalents and marketable securities are summarized as follows:
As of December 31, 2024
(In thousands)Fair ValueAmortized CostGross Unrealized GainsGross Unrealized Losses
Cash$87,415 $87,415 $— $— 
Cash equivalents:
Money market funds6,025 6,025 — — 
Corporate notes, bonds and commercial paper6,335 6,334 — 
Total cash equivalents12,360 12,359 — 
Total cash and cash equivalents99,775 99,774 — 
Marketable securities:
Time deposits12,870 12,870 — — 
U.S. Government bonds and notes220,056 220,034 184 (162)
Corporate bonds, commercial paper and notes149,097 149,085 121 (109)
Total marketable securities382,023 381,989 305 (271)
Total cash, cash equivalents and marketable securities$481,798 $481,763 $306 $(271)
As of December 31, 2023
(In thousands)Fair ValueAmortized CostGross Unrealized GainsGross Unrealized Losses
Cash$88,486 $88,486 $— $— 
Cash equivalents:
Money market funds3,790 3,790 — — 
U.S. Government bonds and notes2,491 2,491 — — 
Total cash equivalents6,281 6,281 — — 
Total cash and cash equivalents94,767 94,767 — — 
Marketable securities:
U.S. Government bonds and notes194,428 194,389 251 (212)
Corporate bonds, commercial paper and notes136,649 136,892 162 (405)
Total marketable securities331,077 331,281 413 (617)
Total cash, cash equivalents and marketable securities
$425,844 $426,048 $413 $(617)
Available-for-sale securities are reported at fair value on the balance sheets and were classified along with cash as follows:
As of December 31,
(In thousands)20242023
Cash$87,415 $88,486 
Cash equivalents12,360 6,281 
Total cash and cash equivalents99,775 94,767 
Marketable securities382,023 331,077 
Total cash, cash equivalents and marketable securities
$481,798 $425,844 
The Company continues to invest in highly rated, liquid debt securities. The Company holds all of its marketable securities as available-for-sale, marks them to market and regularly reviews its portfolio to ensure adherence to its investment policy and to monitor individual investments for risk analysis, proper valuation and impairment.
The estimated fair value and gross unrealized losses of cash equivalents and marketable securities classified by the length of time that the securities have been in a continuous unrealized loss position as of December 31, 2024 and 2023 are as follows:
Fair ValueGross Unrealized Losses
(In thousands)December 31,
2024
December 31,
2023
December 31,
2024
December 31,
2023
Less than 12 months
U.S. Government bonds and notes$83,162 $32,454 $(162)$(53)
Corporate bonds, commercial paper and notes48,360 46,407 (109)(40)
Total cash equivalents and marketable securities in a continuous unrealized loss position for less than 12 months131,522 78,861 (271)(93)
12 months or greater
U.S. Government bonds and notes— 6,841 — (159)
Corporate bonds, commercial paper and notes— 16,619 — (365)
Total marketable securities in a continuous unrealized loss position for 12 months or greater— 23,460 — (524)
Total cash equivalents and marketable securities in a continuous unrealized loss position$131,522 $102,321 $(271)$(617)
The gross unrealized losses as of December 31, 2024 and 2023 were not material in relation to the Company’s total available-for-sale portfolio. The gross unrealized losses can be primarily attributed to a combination of market conditions as well as the demand for and duration of the U.S. government-sponsored obligations and corporate bonds, commercial paper and notes. The Company reasonably believes that there is no need to sell these investments and that it can recover the amortized cost of these investments. The Company has found no evidence of impairment due to credit losses in its portfolio. Therefore, these unrealized losses were recorded in other comprehensive income (loss). The Company cannot provide any assurance that its portfolio of cash, cash equivalents and marketable securities will not be impacted by adverse conditions in the financial markets, which may require the Company in the future to record an impairment charge for credit losses which could adversely impact its financial results.
The contractual maturities of cash equivalents (excluding money market funds which have no maturity) and marketable securities are summarized as follows:
(In thousands)December 31,
2024
Due less than one year$294,611 
Due from one year through three years93,747 
Total$388,358 
Refer to Note 9, “Fair Value of Financial Instruments,” for a discussion regarding the fair value of the Company’s cash equivalents and marketable securities.
v3.25.0.1
Fair Value of Financial Instruments
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2024
Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract]  
Fair Value of Financial Instruments Fair Value of Financial Instruments
The following table presents the financial instruments and liabilities that are carried at fair value and summarizes their valuation by the respective pricing levels detailed in Note 2, “Summary of Significant Accounting Policies,” as of December 31, 2024 and 2023:
As of December 31, 2024
(In thousands)TotalQuoted Market Prices in Active Markets
(Level 1)
Significant Other Observable Inputs
(Level 2)
Significant Unobservable Inputs
(Level 3)
Assets carried at fair value
Money market funds$6,025 $6,025 $— $— 
Time deposits12,870 — 12,870 — 
U.S. Government bonds and notes220,056 — 220,056 — 
Corporate bonds, commercial paper and notes155,432 — 155,432 — 
Total assets carried at fair value$394,383 $6,025 $388,358 $— 
As of December 31, 2023
(In thousands)TotalQuoted Market Prices in Active Markets
(Level 1)
Significant Other Observable Inputs
(Level 2)
Significant Unobservable Inputs
(Level 3)
Assets carried at fair value
Money market funds$3,790 $3,790 $— $— 
U.S. Government bonds and notes196,919 — 196,919 — 
Corporate bonds, commercial paper and notes136,649 — 136,649 — 
Total assets carried at fair value$337,358 $3,790 $333,568 $— 
Liabilities carried at fair value
Earn-out consideration related to PLDA acquisition$12,500 $— $— $12,500 
Total liabilities carried at fair value$12,500 $— $— $12,500 
The Company’s liabilities related to earn-out consideration are classified within Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy because the fair value is determined using significant unobservable inputs. The following table presents additional information about liabilities measured at fair value for which the Company utilizes Level 3 inputs to determine fair value, as of December 31, 2024 and 2023:
Years Ended December 31,
(In thousands)202420232022
Balance as of beginning of period$12,500 $14,800 $16,900 
Change in fair value of earn-out liability due to remeasurement(5,044)9,234 3,111 
Change in fair value of earn-out liability due to achievement of revenue target(7,456)(11,534)(5,211)
Balance as of end of period$— $12,500 $14,800 
For the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022, the changes in the fair value of the earn-out liability related to the 2021 acquisition of PLDA, which was subject to certain revenue targets of the acquired business for a period of three years from the date of acquisition, and which was settled annually in shares of the Company’s common stock based on the fair value of that common stock fixed at the time the Company acquired PLDA. The fair value of the earn-out liability was remeasured each quarter, depending on the acquired business’s revenue performance relative to target over the applicable period, and adjusted to reflect changes in the per share value of the Company’s common stock. The Company classified its liability for the contingent earn-out liability related to the PLDA acquisition within Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy because the fair value calculation included significant unobservable inputs, such as revenue forecast, revenue volatility, equity volatility and weighted average cost of capital. During the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022, the Company remeasured the fair value of the earn-out liability, which resulted in a reduction of $5.0 million and additional expenses of $9.2 million and $3.1 million, respectively, in the Company’s Consolidated Statements of Operations. The final earn-out was achieved as of September 30, 2024 and was fully paid during the fourth quarter of 2024.
The Company monitors its investments for impairment and records appropriate reductions in carrying value when necessary. During the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, the Company recorded no other-than-temporary impairment charges on its investments.
In 2018, the Company made an investment in a non-marketable equity security of a private company. This investment was accounted for under the equity method of accounting, and the Company accounted for its equity method share of the income (loss) on a quarterly basis. During the fourth quarter of 2023, the Company sold its 25.0% ownership share in the equity investment for approximately $25.0 million, which was included, net of withholding taxes paid, in prepaid and other current assets in the Company’s Consolidated Balance Sheet as of December 31, 2023. The Company recognized a gain of $25.0 million related to the sale of the Company’s 25.0% ownership share in the non-marketable equity security. The gain was offset by transaction costs of approximately $1.1 million, resulting in a net gain of approximately $23.9 million, which was included in the Company’s Consolidated Statement of Operations for the year ended December 31, 2023. Subsequently, the Company received proceeds, net of tax, of approximately $22.8 million from this transaction during the first quarter of 2024.
During the year ended December 31, 2022, the Company recorded a gain on fair value of approximately $3.5 million related to the sale of an equity security with an immaterial carrying value in its Consolidated Statements of Operations.
During the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, there were no transfers of financial instruments between different categories of fair value.
Information regarding the Company’s goodwill and long-lived assets balances are disclosed in Note 6, “Intangible Assets and Goodwill.”
v3.25.0.1
Leases (Notes)
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2024
Leases [Abstract]  
Leases Leases
The Company has a lease agreement with 237 North First Street Holdings, LLC for an office space located at 4453 North First Street in San Jose, California (the “Lease”). The Lease has a term of 128 months from the amended commencement date in April 2020. The annual base rent increases each year to certain fixed amounts over the course of the term. In addition to the base rent, the Company will also pay operating expenses, insurance expenses, real estate taxes and a management fee. The Lease allows for an option to expand, wherein the Company has the right of first refusal to rent additional space in the building. The Company has a one-time option to extend the Lease for a period of 60 months and may elect to terminate the Lease, via written notice to the Landlord, in the event the office space is damaged or destroyed. These options were not recognized as part of operating lease right-of-use assets and operating lease liabilities.
The table below reconciles the undiscounted cash flows for the first five years and total of the remaining years to the operating lease liabilities recorded in the Consolidated Balance Sheet as of December 31, 2024 (in thousands):
Years ending December 31,Amount
2025$7,105 
20267,421 
20275,906 
20284,773 
20294,790 
Thereafter4,661 
Total minimum lease payments34,656 
Less: amount of lease payments representing interest(4,505)
Present value of future minimum lease payments30,151 
Less: current obligations under leases(5,617)
Long-term lease obligations$24,534 
As of December 31, 2024, the weighted-average remaining lease term for the Company’s operating leases was 5.3 years, and the weighted-average discount rate used to determine the present value of the Company’s operating leases was 7.6%.
Operating lease costs included in research and development and selling, general and administrative costs in the Company’s Consolidated Statements of Operations were $5.5 million, $6.0 million and $7.5 million for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022, respectively.
Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of operating lease liabilities were $6.1 million, $6.7 million and $8.6 million for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022, respectively.
v3.25.0.1
Balance Sheet Details
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2024
Balance Sheet Related Disclosures [Abstract]  
Balance Sheet Details Balance Sheet Details
Inventories (1)
Inventories consisted of the following:
As of December 31,
(In thousands)20242023
Raw materials$14,777 $17,483 
Work in process9,646 5,299 
Finished goods20,211 13,372 
Total
$44,634 $36,154 
______________________________________
(1)    As of December 31, 2024 and 2023, the Company had inventory reserve balances of approximately $6.7 million and $6.0 million included in the Consolidated Balance Sheets, respectively.
Property and Equipment, net
Property and equipment, net is comprised of the following:
As of December 31,
(In thousands)20242023
Computer software$44,745 $44,226 
Computer equipment38,282 36,198 
Leasehold improvements31,973 27,810 
Machinery49,204 30,446 
Furniture and fixtures14,164 12,561 
Construction in progress7,789 5,660 
Property and equipment, gross186,157 156,901 
Less accumulated depreciation and amortization(110,648)(89,093)
Property and equipment, net$75,509 $67,808 
Depreciation expense for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022 was $26.1 million, $37.7 million and $26.0 million, respectively.
Other Current Liabilities
Other current liabilities are comprised of the following:
As of December 31,
(In thousands)20242023
EDA tools software licenses liability$8,438 $14,566 
Price protection liability4,677 6,563 
Other current liabilities4,198 5,469 
Total$17,313 $26,598 
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss
Accumulated other comprehensive loss is comprised of the following:
As of December 31,
(In thousands)20242023
Foreign currency translation adjustments$(1,144)$(913)
Unrealized loss on available-for-sale securities, net of tax(116)(356)
Total
$(1,260)$(1,269)
v3.25.0.1
Convertible Notes
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2024
Debt Disclosure [Abstract]  
Convertible Notes Convertible Notes
The Company did not have any convertible notes outstanding as of December 31, 2024 and 2023.
On March 2, 2022, the Company entered into individual, privately negotiated transactions with certain holders of its outstanding 1.375% Convertible Senior Notes due 2023 (“2023 Notes”), pursuant to which the Company paid an aggregate of approximately $199.1 million in cash for the repurchase of approximately $123.1 million aggregate principal amount of its 2023 Notes (“Q1 2022 Partial Notes Repurchase”). The cash consideration was based on a volume-weighted average price of $29.6789 for the 19-trading day measurement period ending March 29, 2022. Of the $123.1 million aggregate principal amount, approximately $107.9 million was settled on March 31, 2022 for $174.5 million in cash. The remaining $15.2 million aggregate principal amount was settled on April 1, 2022 for $24.6 million in cash. In addition, this transaction resulted in a loss on extinguishment of debt of $66.5 million and a loss on fair value adjustment of derivatives, net of $8.3 million.
On August 11, 2022, the Company entered into individual, privately negotiated transactions with certain holders of its outstanding 2023 Notes, pursuant to which the Company paid an aggregate of approximately $58.9 million in cash for the repurchase of approximately $39.0 million aggregate principal amount of its 2023 Notes (“Q3 2022 Partial Notes Repurchase”).
The cash consideration was based on a volume-weighted average price of $27.8456 for the 10-trading day measurement period ending August 25, 2022. In addition, this transaction resulted in a loss on extinguishment of debt of $17.1 million and a loss on fair value adjustment of derivatives, net of $2.3 million.
Upon entering into the Q1 2022 and Q3 2022 Partial Notes Repurchase agreements, the conversion feature related to the 2023 Notes repurchased, as well as the settlements of the convertible senior note hedges and warrants, were subject to derivative accounting. As described in the preceding paragraphs above, the combination of these two transactions resulted in $10.6 million in losses on fair value adjustment of derivatives, net, for the year ended December 31, 2022.
During the first quarter of 2023, the holders of the remaining $10.4 million aggregate principal amount of the 2023 Notes elected to convert the notes pursuant to the original terms of the conversion feature. Accordingly, upon maturity, the Company paid $10.4 million in cash to settle the aggregate principal amount of the 2023 Notes and delivered approximately 0.3 million shares of the Company's common stock to settle the conversion spread.
In connection with the Q1 2022 Partial Notes Repurchase, the Company entered into agreements with certain financial institutions to retire the corresponding portions of convertible senior note hedges and warrants the Company had previously entered into with the counterparties in connection with the issuance of the 2023 Notes. Upon settlement, the Company received $72.4 million in cash for the retirement of the proportionate amount of convertible senior note hedges and paid $55.1 million in cash for the retirement of the proportionate amount of warrants during the first quarter of 2022.
In connection with the Q3 2022 Partial Notes Repurchase, the Company entered into agreements with certain financial institutions to retire the corresponding portions of convertible senior note hedges and warrants the Company had previously entered into with the counterparties in connection with the issuance of the 2023 Notes. Upon settlement, the Company received $19.3 million in cash for the retirement of the proportionate amount of convertible senior note hedges and paid $14.4 million in cash for the retirement of the proportionate amount of warrants during the third quarter of 2022.
In connection with the settlement of the conversion of the remaining 2023 Notes, the Company received 0.3 million shares of the Company’s common stock for the retirement of the remaining convertible senior note hedges and paid $10.7 million in cash for the retirement of the remaining warrants during the first quarter of 2023. Additionally, the retirement of the remaining warrants was subject to derivative accounting, resulting in a loss on fair value adjustment of derivatives of $0.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2023.
As of December 31, 2024, none of the note hedges and warrants remained outstanding.
For the year ended December 31, 2024, there was no interest expense related to the convertible notes. Interest expense related to the convertible notes for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022 was immaterial.
v3.25.0.1
Commitments and Contingencies
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2024
Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure [Abstract]  
Commitments and Contingencies Commitments and Contingencies
As of December 31, 2024, the Company’s material contractual obligations were as follows:
(In thousands)Total20252026202720282029
Contractual obligations (1) (2)
Software licenses (3)
$12,034 $9,675 $1,484 $875 $— $— 
Other contractual obligations 268 131 137 — — — 
Acquisition retention bonuses (4)
260 260 — — — — 
Total$12,562 $10,066 $1,621 $875 $— $— 
______________________________________
(1)    The above table does not reflect possible payments in connection with unrecognized tax benefits of approximately $132.2 million, including $22.8 million recorded as a reduction of long-term deferred tax assets and $109.4 million in long-term income taxes payable, as of December 31, 2024. As noted below in Note 18, “Income Taxes,” although it is possible that some of the unrecognized tax benefits could be settled within the next 12 months, the Company cannot reasonably estimate the timing of the outcome at this time.
(2)    For the Company’s lease commitments as of December 31, 2024, refer to Note 10, “Leases.”
(3)    The Company has commitments with various software vendors for agreements generally having terms longer than one year.
(4)    In connection with the acquisitions of Hardent in the second quarter of 2022 and PLDA in the third quarter of 2021, the Company is obligated to pay retention bonuses to certain employees subject to certain eligibility and acceleration provisions, including the condition of employment.
Indemnifications
From time to time, the Company indemnifies certain customers as a necessary means of doing business. Indemnification covers customers for losses suffered or incurred by them as a result of any patent, copyright, or other IP infringement or any other claim by any third party arising as a result of the applicable agreement with the Company. The Company generally attempts to limit the maximum amount of indemnification that the Company could be required to make under these agreements to the amount of fees received by the Company, however, this may not always be possible. The fair value of the liability as of December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively, was not material.
v3.25.0.1
Equity Incentive Plans and Stock-Based Compensation
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2024
Share-Based Payment Arrangement [Abstract]  
Equity Incentive Plans and Stock-Based Compensation Equity Incentive Plans and Stock-Based Compensation
Equity Incentive Plans
The Company has two equity incentive plans under which grants are currently outstanding: the 2015 Equity Incentive Plan (the “2015 Plan”) and the 2019 Inducement Equity Incentive Plan (the “2019 Inducement Plan”). The 2015 Plan and 2019 Inducement Plan were the Company’s only plans for providing stock-based incentive awards to eligible employees, executive officers, non-employee directors and consultants as of December 31, 2024. Grants under all plans typically have a requisite service period of 60 months or 48 months, have straight-line vesting schedules and expire not more than 10 years from date of grant.
A summary of shares available for grant under the Company’s plans is as follows:
Shares Available for Grant
Total shares available for grant as of December 31, 202110,492,178
Nonvested equity stock and stock units granted (1) (2)
(4,107,633)
Nonvested equity stock and stock units forfeited (1)
1,271,224
Total shares available for grant as of December 31, 20227,655,769
Increase in shares approved for issuance (3)
5,210,000
Nonvested equity stock and stock units granted (1) (4)
(2,082,334)
Nonvested equity stock and stock units forfeited (1)
1,170,715
Total shares available for grant as of December 31, 202311,954,150
Stock options expired1,125
Nonvested equity stock and stock units granted (1) (5)
(1,482,074)
Nonvested equity stock and stock units forfeited (1)
416,677
Total shares available for grant as of December 31, 202410,889,878
______________________________________
(1)    For purposes of determining the number of shares available for grant under the 2015 Plan against the maximum number of shares authorized, each restricted stock unit granted prior to April 27, 2023 reduces the number of shares available for grant by 1.5 shares and each restricted stock unit forfeited increases shares available for grant by 1.5 shares. Each restricted stock unit granted on or after April 27, 2023 reduces the number of shares available for grant by 1.0 share and each restricted stock unit forfeited increases shares available for grant by 1.0 share.
(2)    Amount includes approximately 0.6 million shares that have been reserved for potential future issuance related to certain performance unit awards granted in 2022 and discussed under the section titled “Nonvested Equity Stock and Stock Units” below.
(3)    On April 27, 2023, the Company’s stockholders approved these additional shares to be reserved for issuance under the 2015 Plan.
(4)    Amount includes approximately 0.2 million shares that have been reserved for potential future issuance related to certain performance unit awards granted in 2023 and discussed under the section titled “Nonvested Equity Stock and Stock Units” below.
(5)    Amount includes approximately 0.2 million shares that have been reserved for potential future issuance related to certain performance unit awards granted in 2024 and discussed under the section titled “Nonvested Equity Stock and Stock Units” below.
General Stock Option Information
The following table summarizes stock option activity under the Company’s equity incentive plans for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022 and information regarding stock options outstanding and vested as of December 31, 2024:
Options OutstandingWeighted-Average Remaining Contractual Term (years)
Number of SharesWeighted-Average Exercise Price Per ShareAggregate Intrinsic Value
(In thousands)
Outstanding as of December 31, 2021549,581$10.71 
Options exercised
(117,138)$7.43 
Outstanding as of December 31, 2022432,443$11.60 
Options exercised
(307,711)$11.61 
Outstanding as of December 31, 2023124,732$11.60 
Options exercised
(33,607)$9.42 $1,460 
Options expired(1,125)$8.76 
Outstanding and vested as of December 31, 202490,000$12.45 3.53$3,637 
Employee Stock Purchase Plan
During the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022, the Company had one employee stock purchase plan, the 2015 Employee Stock Purchase Plan (“2015 ESPP”). Employees generally will be eligible to participate in the plan if they are employed by the Company for more than 20 hours per week and more than five months in a fiscal year. The 2015 ESPP provides for six-month offering periods, with a new offering period commencing on the first trading day on or after May 1 and November 1 of each year. Under the plan, employees may purchase stock at the lower of 85% of the fair market value of the Company’s common stock at the beginning of the offering period (the enrollment date) or the end of each offering period (the purchase date). Employees generally may not purchase more than the number of shares having a value greater than $25,000 in any calendar year, as measured at the purchase date.
The Company issued 119,350 shares at an average price of $43.14 per share during the year ended December 31, 2024. The Company issued 172,711 shares at an average price of $31.10 per share during the year ended December 31, 2023. The Company issued 255,614 shares at an average price of $20.60 per share during the year ended December 31, 2022. As of December 31, 2024, 2.3 million shares under the ESPP remained available for issuance.
Stock-Based Compensation
Stock Options
There were no stock options granted during the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022, respectively.
There was no stock-based compensation expense related to stock options for the year ended December 31, 2024. Stock-based compensation expenses related to stock options were immaterial for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022. As of December 31, 2023, all compensation cost net of expected forfeitures, related to unvested stock-based compensation arrangements granted under the stock option plans had been fully recognized.
As of December 31, 2024, all stock options had been fully vested and there were no stock options vested during the year ended December 31, 2024. The total fair value of options vested for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022 were $0.5 million and $1.7 million, respectively.
Employee Stock Purchase Plan
During the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022, the Company recorded stock-based compensation expenses related to the 2015 ESPP of $1.9 million, $1.8 million and $1.7 million, respectively.
As of December 31, 2024, there was $1.0 million of total unrecognized compensation cost related to stock-based compensation arrangements granted under the 2015 ESPP. That cost is expected to be recognized over four months.
Valuation Assumptions
The Company estimates the fair value of stock awards using the BSM model. The BSM model determines the fair value of stock-based compensation and is affected by the Company’s stock price on the date of the grant, as well as assumptions regarding a number of highly complex and subjective variables. These variables include expected volatility, expected life of the award, expected dividend rate and expected risk-free rate of return. The assumptions for expected volatility and expected life are the two assumptions that significantly affect the grant-date fair value. If actual results differ significantly from these estimates, stock-based compensation expense and the Company’s results of operations could be materially impacted.
The fair value of stock awards is estimated as of the grant date using the BSM option-pricing model assuming a dividend yield of 0% and the additional weighted-average assumptions as listed in the table below.
Employee Stock Purchase Plan for Years Ended December 31,
202420232022
Employee Stock Purchase Plan
Expected stock price volatility
47%-54%
48%-53%
40%-44%
Risk free interest rate
4.42%-5.43%
5.14%-5.51%
1.49%-4.58%
Expected term (in years)
0.50.50.5
Weighted-average fair value of purchase rights granted under the purchase plan$14.96$14.86$8.02
Expected Stock Price Volatility: Given the volume of market activity in its market traded options, the Company determined that it would use the implied volatility of its nearest-to-the-money traded options. The Company believes that the use of implied volatility is more reflective of market conditions and a better indicator of expected volatility than historical volatility. If there is not sufficient volume in its market traded options, the Company will use an equally weighted blend of historical and implied volatility.
Risk-free Interest Rate: The Company bases the risk-free interest rate used in the BSM valuation method on implied yield currently available on the U.S. Treasury zero-coupon issues with an equivalent term. Where the expected terms of the Company’s stock-based awards do not correspond with the terms for which interest rates are quoted, the Company uses an approximation based on rates on the closest term currently available.
Expected Term: The expected term of options granted represents the period of time that options granted are expected to be outstanding. The expected term was determined based on historical experience of similar awards, giving consideration to the contractual terms of the stock-based awards, vesting schedules and expectations of future employee behavior. The expected term of ESPP grants is based upon the length of each respective purchase period.
Nonvested Equity Stock and Stock Units
The Company grants nonvested equity stock units to officers, employees and directors. For the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022, the Company granted nonvested equity stock units totaling 1.3 million, 1.3 million and 2.3 million shares, respectively. These awards have a service condition, generally a service period of four years, except in the case of grants to directors, for which the service period is one year. For the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022, the nonvested equity stock units were valued at the date of grant, giving them a fair value of approximately $74.8 million, $60.7 million and $65.6 million, respectively. During the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022, the Company granted performance unit awards to certain Company executive officers with vesting subject to the achievement of certain performance and/or market conditions. The ultimate number of performance units that can be earned can range from 0% to 200% of target depending on performance relative to target over the applicable period. The shares earned will vest on the third anniversary of the date of grant. The Company’s shares available for grant have been reduced to reflect the shares that could be earned at the maximum target.
For the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022, the Company recorded stock-based compensation expense of approximately $43.0 million, $43.1 million and $33.8 million, respectively, related to all outstanding nonvested equity stock grants.
Unrecognized compensation cost related to all nonvested equity stock grants, net of estimated forfeitures, was approximately $79.9 million as of December 31, 2024. This amount is expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of 1.9 years.
The following table reflects the activity related to nonvested equity stock and stock units for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022:
Nonvested Equity Stock and Stock UnitsSharesWeighted-Average
Grant-Date Fair Value
Nonvested as of December 31, 20214,718,385$16.62 
Granted
2,338,255$28.10 
Vested
(1,853,260)$14.42 
Forfeited
(485,320)$20.48 
Nonvested as of December 31, 20224,718,060$22.78 
Granted
1,268,973$46.93 
Vested
(1,797,002)$18.07 
Forfeited
(759,839)$28.60 
Nonvested as of December 31, 20233,430,192$32.90 
Granted
1,312,367$57.03 
Vested
(1,289,945)$27.14 
Forfeited
(302,453)$39.07 
Nonvested as of December 31, 20243,150,161$44.72 
v3.25.0.1
Stockholders' Equity
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2024
Stockholders' Equity Note [Abstract]  
Stockholders' Equity Stockholders’ Equity
Share Repurchase Programs
On October 29, 2020, the Board approved a share repurchase program authorizing the repurchase of up to an aggregate of 20.0 million shares (the “2020 Repurchase Program”). Share repurchases under the 2020 Repurchase Program may be made through the open market, established plans or privately negotiated transactions in accordance with all applicable securities laws, rules and regulations. There is no expiration date applicable to the 2020 Repurchase Program. During the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022, the Company repurchased shares of its common stock under the 2020 Repurchase Program as discussed below.
On September 9, 2022, the Company entered into an accelerated share repurchase program with Wells Fargo Bank, National Association (“Wells Fargo”) (the “2022 ASR Program”). The 2022 ASR Program was part of the 2020 Repurchase Program. Under the 2022 ASR Program, the Company pre-paid to Wells Fargo the $100.0 million purchase price for its common stock and, in turn, the Company received an initial delivery of approximately 3.1 million shares of its common stock from Wells Fargo in the third quarter of 2022, which were retired and recorded as an $80.0 million reduction to stockholders’ equity. The remaining $20.0 million of the initial payment was recorded as a reduction to stockholders’ equity as an unsettled forward contract indexed to the Company’s stock. During the fourth quarter of 2022, the accelerated share repurchase program was completed and the Company received an additional 0.1 million shares of its common stock, which were retired, as the final settlement of the 2022 ASR Program.
On August 10, 2023, the Company entered into an accelerated share repurchase program with Royal Bank of Canada (“RBC”) (the “2023 ASR Program”). The 2023 ASR Program was part of the 2020 Repurchase Program. Under the 2023 ASR Program, the Company pre-paid to RBC the $100.0 million purchase price for its common stock and, in turn, the Company received an initial delivery of approximately 1.6 million shares of its common stock from RBC on August 11, 2023, which were retired and recorded as an $80.0 million reduction to stockholders’ equity. The remaining $20.0 million of the initial payment was recorded as a reduction to stockholders’ equity as an unsettled forward contract indexed to the Company’s stock. On September 22, 2023, the accelerated share repurchase program was completed and the Company received an additional 0.2 million shares of its common stock, which were retired, as the final settlement of the 2023 ASR Program.
On February 29, 2024, the Company entered into an accelerated share repurchase program with Royal Bank of Canada (“RBC”) (the “2024 ASR Program”). The 2024 ASR Program was part of the 2020 Repurchase Program. Under the 2024 ASR
Program, the Company pre-paid to RBC the $50.0 million purchase price for its common stock and, in turn, the Company received an initial delivery of approximately 0.7 million shares of its common stock from RBC on March 1, 2024, which were retired and recorded as a $40.0 million reduction to stockholders’ equity. The remaining $10.0 million of the initial payment was recorded as a reduction to stockholders’ equity as an unsettled forward contract indexed to the Company’s stock. On March 18, 2024, the accelerated share repurchase program was completed and the Company received an additional 0.1 million shares of its common stock, which were retired, as the final settlement of the 2024 ASR Program.
On November 2, 2023, the Company entered into a share repurchase plan (the “Buying Plan”) with RBC Capital Markets, LLC (“RBCCM”). The Buying Plan was part of the 2020 Repurchase Program. Under the Buying Plan, RBCCM commenced purchases for a 12-month period starting on November 2, 2023 and ending on November 1, 2024, with a provision to terminate sooner pursuant to the Buying Plan (the “Repurchase Period”). During the Repurchase Period, RBCCM may purchase an aggregate amount of $50.0 million of the Company’s common stock, and its execution is dependent on the Company’s stock price reaching certain levels. Share repurchases could not exceed $25.0 million in a quarter. During the year ended December 31, 2023, an immaterial amount of shares were repurchased, retired and recorded as a reduction to stockholders’ equity. During the first quarter of 2024, the Buying Plan was amended and as a result, no purchases were made from the Buying Plan during the period from March 1, 2024 to March 28, 2024, while the 2024 ASR Program was in effect. During the third quarter of 2024, the Buying Plan was further amended to allow RBCCM to purchase an aggregate amount of $100.0 million of the Company’s common stock during the Repurchase Period, not to exceed $50.0 million in a quarter. The execution of share repurchases is dependent on the Company’s stock price reaching certain levels. During the year ended December 31, 2024, the Company repurchased approximately 1.4 million shares for approximately $63.1 million as part of the Buying Plan, which were retired and recorded as a reduction to stockholders’ equity.
Effective January 1, 2023, the Company’s share repurchases are subject to a 1% excise tax as a result of the Inflation Reduction Act of 2022. As of December 31, 2024, the Company recorded an immaterial excise tax liability on its accompanying Consolidated Balance Sheet.
As of December 31, 2024, there remained an outstanding authorization to repurchase approximately 5.7 million shares of the Company’s outstanding common stock under the 2020 Repurchase Program.
The Company records share repurchases as a reduction to stockholders’ equity. The Company records a portion of the purchase price of the repurchased shares as an increase to accumulated deficit when the price of the shares repurchased exceeds the average original proceeds per share received from the issuance of common stock in accordance with its accounting policy. During the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022, the cumulative price of $47.9 million, $94.7 million and $90.1 million, respectively, was recorded as increases to accumulated deficit.
v3.25.0.1
Benefit Plans
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2024
Retirement Benefits [Abstract]  
Benefit Plans Benefit Plans
The Company has a 401(k) Plan (the “401(k) Plan”) qualified under Section 401(k) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986. Each eligible employee may elect to contribute up to 60% of the employee’s annual compensation to the 401(k) Plan, up to the Internal Revenue Service limit. The Company, at the discretion of its Board of Directors, may match employee contributions to the 401(k) Plan. The Company matches 50% of eligible employee’s contribution, up to the first 6% of an eligible employee’s qualified earnings. For the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022, the Company made matching contributions totaling approximately $2.1 million, $2.0 million and $1.9 million, respectively.
v3.25.0.1
Restructuring Charges
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2024
Restructuring and Related Activities [Abstract]  
Restructuring and Other Charges Restructuring and Other Charges
2023 Restructuring Plan
In June 2023, the Company initiated a restructuring program to reduce overall expenses to improve future profitability by reducing the Company’s overall spending (the “2023 Restructuring Plan”). In connection with this restructuring program, the Company initiated a plan resulting in a reduction of 42 employees. During the year ended December 31, 2023, the Company recorded charges of approximately $9.4 million to “Restructuring and other charges” in its Consolidated Statement of Operations, related to the reduction in workforce, as well as write-downs of obligations related to certain IP development costs and software licenses for engineering development tools. The 2023 Restructuring Plan was materially completed in the fourth quarter of 2023.
v3.25.0.1
Income Taxes
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2024
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]  
Income Taxes Income Taxes
Income (loss) before taxes consisted of the following:
For the Years Ended December 31,
(In thousands)202420232022
Domestic$190,382 $154,434 $(16,663)
Foreign9,661 32,726 8,838 
$200,043 $187,160 $(7,825)
The provision for (benefit from) income taxes was comprised of:
For the Years Ended December 31,
(In thousands)202420232022
Federal:
Current$2,760 $1,075 $183 
Deferred
(9,447)(126,734)2,479 
State:
Current
468 893 (215)
Deferred
1,245 (17,264)24 
Foreign:
Current
26,869 (3,362)5,828 
Deferred
(1,673)(1,352)(1,814)
$20,222 $(146,744)$6,485 
The differences between the Company’s effective tax rate and the U.S. federal statutory regular tax rate were as follows:
For the Years Ended December 31,
202420232022
U.S. federal statutory rate21.0 %21.0 %21.0 %
State income tax expense (benefit)0.9 (8.7)6.1 
Withholding tax8.4 3.9 (36.6)
Foreign rate differential(1.4)(2.6)(28.3)
Research and development credit(1.9)(2.9)4.8 
Executive compensation4.0 3.9 (49.0)
Stock-based compensation(6.1)(5.2)47.9 
Foreign tax credit(8.4)(2.5)57.4 
Foreign-derived intangible income deduction(6.8)(1.9)70.5 
Acquisition(0.1)1.6 (25.1)
Debt extinguishment— — (226.7)
Other0.5 0.3 (1.0)
Valuation allowance— (85.3)76.1 
10.1 %(78.4)%(82.9)%
The components of the net deferred tax assets (liabilities) were as follows:
As of December 31,
(In thousands)20242023
Deferred tax assets:
Lease liabilities$6,384 $6,607 
Other timing differences, accruals and reserves3,8935,306
Deferred equity compensation6,6783,973
Net operating loss carryovers12,00314,578
Capitalized research96,73977,244
Tax credits47,96050,445
Total gross deferred tax assets173,657158,153 
Deferred tax liabilities:
Lease right-of-use assets(4,498)(4,589)
Depreciation and amortization(9,077)(5,078)
Total gross deferred tax liabilities(13,575)(9,667)
Total net deferred tax assets160,082148,486
Valuation allowance(26,790)(25,056)
Net deferred tax assets$133,292 $123,430 
As of December 31,
(In thousands)20242023
Reported as:
Non-current deferred tax assets
$136,466 $127,892 
Non-current deferred tax liabilities
(3,174)(4,462)
Net deferred tax assets$133,292 $123,430 
The Company periodically evaluates the realizability of its net deferred tax assets based on all available evidence, both positive and negative. The realizability of the Company’s net deferred tax assets is dependent on its ability to generate sufficient future taxable income during periods prior to the expiration of tax attributes to fully utilize these assets. During 2023, based on all available positive and negative evidence, the Company determined that it was appropriate to release the valuation allowance on the majority of the Company’s U.S. federal and other state deferred tax assets. The Company recognized a $177.9 million tax benefit during the year ended December 31, 2023 as a result of the valuation allowance release.
Upon considering the relative impact of all evidence during 2024, both negative and positive, and the weight accorded to each, the Company concluded that it was more likely than not that the majority of its deferred tax assets would be realizable, with the exception of primarily its California research and development credits that have not met the “more likely than not” realization threshold criteria. As a result, the Company continues to maintain a valuation allowance on only those deferred tax assets that it does not think will be realizable.
The following table presents the tax valuation allowance information for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022:
(In thousands)Balance at Beginning of PeriodCharged (Credited) to OperationsCharged to Other Account*Valuation Allowance ReleaseBalance at End of Period
Tax Valuation Allowance
Year ended December 31, 2022$206,874 (7,233)2,242 — $201,883 
Year ended December 31, 2023$201,883 1,776 (717)(177,886)$25,056 
Year ended December 31, 2024$25,056 1,784 (50)— $26,790 
______________________________________
*    Amounts not charged to operations are charged to other comprehensive income or retained earnings.
As of December 31, 2024, the Company had California net operating loss carryforwards of $171.9 million. As of December 31, 2024, the Company had federal research and development tax credit carryforwards of $41.6 million and foreign tax credits of $1.0 million. As of December 31, 2024, the Company had California research and development tax credit carryforwards of $30.0 million and California alternative minimum tax credit carryforwards of $0.5 million. The federal research and development tax credits begin to expire in 2028. The Company’s foreign tax credits will continue to carryover and do not begin to expire until 2028, if unused. The California net operating losses begin to expire in 2031. The California research and development credits carry forward indefinitely.
In the event of a change in ownership, as defined under federal and state tax laws, the Company’s net operating loss and tax credit carryforwards could be subject to annual limitations. The annual limitations could result in the expiration of the net operating loss and tax credit carryforwards prior to utilization.
As of December 31, 2024, the Company had $203.8 million of unrecognized tax benefits, before interest accrual, including $22.8 million recorded as a reduction of long-term deferred tax assets, $74.8 million recorded as a reduction of other assets associated with refundable withholding taxes previously withheld from licensees in South Korea and $106.2 million recorded to long-term income taxes payable, which are primarily comprised of $105.1 million in income taxes payable related to withholding taxes previously withheld from licensees in South Korea.
As a result of recent court rulings in 2023, the Company determined that it is more likely than not that withholding taxes paid in South Korea in the preceding five years are recoverable. In October 2023, the Company filed refund claims for withholding taxes paid in South Korea in the amount of $82.7 million related to the period from the fourth quarter of 2018 through the third quarter of 2023. The Company intends to file additional refund claims in the future for $4.2 million of withholding taxes paid in the fourth quarter of 2023 and $18.2 million paid in 2024. Therefore, the Company recorded long-term tax receivables of $110.0 million and $88.8 million as of December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.
If the South Korea withholding taxes are recovered through the refund claim process, the U.S. foreign tax credit claimed for these withholding taxes on historical federal tax returns will be forfeited. Therefore, during the year ended December 31, 2023, the Company recorded a long-term tax payable in the amount of $72.6 million and a reduction to deferred tax assets related to foreign tax credits in the amount of $10.1 million. During the year ended December 31, 2024, the Company utilized most of the foreign tax credits. Therefore, the Company recorded a long-term tax payable of $105.1 million as of December 31, 2024. These amounts exclude interest and reflect the future U.S. federal tax liability in the event of filing amended federal tax returns to revise the foreign tax credit amounts.
The recovery of South Korea withholding taxes paid before the fourth quarter of 2018 of $74.8 million is uncertain due to the statute of limitations for filing a refund claim. Thus, the Company did not record a long-term tax receivable and included the amount in the uncertain tax benefit disclosure below.
As of December 31, 2023, the Company had $185.7 million of unrecognized tax benefits, including $31.7 million recorded as a reduction of long-term deferred tax assets, $75.0 million recorded as a reduction of other assets associated with refundable withholding taxes previously withheld from licensees in South Korea and $78.9 million recorded to long-term income taxes payable, which were primarily comprised of $77.1 million in income taxes payable related to withholding taxes previously withheld from licensees in South Korea.
A reconciliation of the beginning and ending amounts of unrecognized income tax benefits for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022 was as follows:
For the Years Ended December 31,
(In thousands)202420232022
Balance as of January 1
$184,921 $164,531 $146,215 
Tax positions related to current year:
Additions
19,844 19,403 18,515 
Tax positions related to prior years:
Additions
— 1,378 — 
Reductions
(971)(391)(199)
Balance as of December 31
$203,794 $184,921 $164,531 
The Company recognizes interest and penalties related to uncertain tax positions as a component of the income tax provision (benefit). As of December 31, 2024 and 2023, an immaterial amount of interest and penalties was included in long-term income taxes payable.
Rambus files income tax returns for the U.S., California, India and various other state and foreign jurisdictions. The U.S. federal returns are subject to examination from 2021 and forward. The California returns are subject to examination from 2020 and forward. In addition, any research and development credit carryforward or net operating loss carryforward generated in prior years and utilized in these or future years may also be subject to examination. The India returns are under examination by the Indian tax administration for tax years beginning with 2011, except for 2012 through 2016, which were assessed in the Company’s favor, and are subject to examination from 2017 and forward. These examinations may result in proposed adjustments to the income taxes as filed during these periods. Management regularly assesses the likelihood of outcomes resulting from income tax examinations to determine the adequacy of their provision for income taxes and believes their provision for unrecognized tax benefits is adequate. The estimated potential reduction in the Company’s unrecognized tax benefits in the next 12 months would not be material.
As of December 31, 2024, no other income taxes (state or foreign) have been provided on undistributed earnings of approximately $58.0 million from the Company’s international subsidiaries since these earnings have been, and under current plans will continue to be, indefinitely reinvested outside the United States, with the exception of France. If the non-France earnings were distributed, the Company would incur approximately $1.4 million of foreign withholding taxes and an immaterial amount of U.S. taxes.
v3.25.0.1
Litigation and Asserted Claims
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2024
Loss Contingency [Abstract]  
Litigation and Asserted Claims Litigation and Contingent Liability
Rambus is not currently a party to any material pending legal proceeding; however, from time to time, Rambus may become involved in legal proceedings or be subject to claims arising in the ordinary course of its business. Although the results of litigation and claims cannot be predicted with certainty, the Company currently believes that the final outcome of these ordinary course matters will not have a material adverse effect on its business, operating results, financial position or cash flows. Regardless of the outcome, litigation can have an adverse impact on the Company because of defense and settlement costs, diversion of management attention and resources and other factors.
The Company records a contingent liability when it is probable that a loss has been incurred and the amount is reasonably estimable in accordance with accounting for contingencies.
v3.25.0.1
Divestiture
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2024
Discontinued Operations and Disposal Groups [Abstract]  
Divestiture Divestiture
2023 Divestiture
In July 2023, the Company entered into an asset purchase agreement (the “Purchase Agreement”) with Cadence Design Systems, Inc. (the “Purchaser”), pursuant to which the Company agreed to sell certain assets and the Purchaser agreed to assume certain liabilities from the Company, in each case with respect to the Company’s PHY IP group, for $110.0 million in cash, subject to certain adjustments and certain closing conditions (the “Transaction”). The decision to sell this business reflects the evolution of the Company’s core semiconductor business to focus on the development of digital IP and chips, including novel memory solutions for high-performance computing, to support the continued advancement of the data center and artificial intelligence.
The Transaction was completed on September 6, 2023 and resulted in net proceeds of approximately $106.3 million, which consisted of the initial selling price of $110.0 million offset by approximately $3.7 million related to certain purchase price adjustments. The Company recognized a net gain on divestiture of the PHY IP group in its Consolidated Statements of Operations of approximately $90.8 million during the year ended December 31, 2023. Transaction costs of approximately $1.4 million were included in the net gain of $90.8 million.
The divestiture of the PHY IP group did not represent a strategic shift that would have a major effect on the Company’s consolidated results of operations, and therefore its results of operations were not reported as discontinued operations.
Concurrent with the Transaction, the Company also recorded a charge of approximately $10.0 million in its Consolidated Statements of Operations during the year ended December 31, 2023. The charge was primarily related to the accelerated amortization of software licenses that were not directly part of the PHY IP disposal group.
v3.25.0.1
Acquisitions (Notes)
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2024
Business Combinations [Abstract]  
Acquisitions Acquisition
2022 Acquisition
Hardent, Inc.
On May 20, 2022, (the “Closing Date”), the Company completed its acquisition of Hardent, a leading electronic design company, by acquiring all of its outstanding shares. The Company acquired Hardent for a total consideration of approximately $16.1 million, which consisted of $14.7 million in initial cash consideration paid at the Closing Date, $1.2 million deposited into an escrow account to fund indemnification obligations to be released within 18 months after the Closing Date and $0.2 million deposited into an escrow account to fund other contractual provisions related to certain working capital adjustments. The addition of the technology and expertise from Hardent augments the Company’s CXL memory interconnect initiative.
As part of the acquisition, the Company agreed to pay certain Hardent employees approximately $1.2 million in cash over three years following the Closing Date (the “Retention Bonus”), to be paid in three equal installments on each of the dates that were 12 months, 24 months and 36 months following the Closing Date. The Retention Bonus payouts are subject to the condition of continued employment, therefore the Retention Bonus payouts will be treated as compensation and will be expensed ratably over the retention period.
As of December 31, 2022, the Company had incurred approximately $1.2 million in external acquisition costs in connection with the transaction, which were expensed as incurred.
The fair value of the intangible assets acquired was determined by management primarily by using the multi-period excess earnings method under the income approach. This method reflects the present value of the projected cash flows that are expected to be generated by the existing technologies less charges representing the contribution of other assets to those cash flows. The fair values of the remaining assets acquired and liabilities assumed approximated their carrying values at the Closing Date. The Company performed a valuation of the net assets acquired as of the Closing Date.
The total consideration from the acquisition was allocated as of the Closing Date and reflects adjustments made during the measurement period to finalize the purchase price accounting, as follows:
(In thousands)Total
Cash and cash equivalents$209 
Accounts receivable1,088 
Unbilled receivables239 
Prepaid expenses and other current assets16 
Identified intangible assets5,000 
Goodwill12,069 
Accounts payable(55)
Deferred revenue(578)
Income taxes payable(466)
Deferred tax liability(1,325)
Other current liabilities(56)
Total$16,141 
The goodwill arising from the acquisition was primarily attributed to synergies related to the combination of new and complementary technologies of the Company and the assembled workforce of the acquired business. This goodwill was not deductible for tax purposes.
The identified intangible assets assumed in the acquisition of Hardent were recognized as follows based upon their estimated fair values as of the acquisition date:
TotalEstimated Weighted-Average Useful Life
(in thousands)(in years)
Existing technology$4,800 5 years
Customer contracts and contractual relationships200 2 years
Total$5,000 
Unaudited Pro Forma Combined Consolidated Financial Information
The following pro forma financial information presents the combined results of operations for the Company and Hardent as if the acquisition had occurred on January 1, 2021. The pro forma financial information was prepared for comparative purposes only and does not purport to be indicative of the actual operating results that would have been recorded had the acquisition actually taken place on January 1, 2021, and should not be taken as indicative of future consolidated operating results. Additionally, the pro forma financial results do not include any anticipated synergies or other expected benefits from the acquisition:
For the Year Ended
(In thousands)December 31, 2022
(unaudited)
Total revenue$457,852 
Net loss$(13,251)
The pro forma net loss for 2022 was adjusted to exclude $1.2 million of acquisition-related costs incurred in 2023.
v3.25.0.1
Pay vs Performance Disclosure - USD ($)
$ in Thousands
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2024
Dec. 31, 2023
Dec. 31, 2022
Pay vs Performance Disclosure      
Net income (loss) $ 179,821 $ 333,904 $ (14,310)
v3.25.0.1
Insider Trading Arrangements
3 Months Ended 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2024
shares
Dec. 31, 2024
shares
Trading Arrangements, by Individual    
Material Terms of Trading Arrangement  
During our last fiscal quarter, the below directors and/or officers, as defined in Rule 16a-1(f) under the Exchange Act, adopted a “Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement,” as defined in Item 408 of Regulation S-K. Each of the Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangements were entered into during an open insider trading window and are intended to satisfy the affirmative defense in Rule 10b5-1(c)(1) under the Exchange Act and the Company’s policies regarding insider transactions.
NameTitleAdopted or TerminatedAdoption Date Expiration DateTotal Number of Shares of Common Stock Sold or to be Sold
Luc Seraphin
President and Chief Executive Officer
AdoptedDecember 13, 2024December 13, 2025
Up to 174,400
John ShinnSenior Vice President and General CounselAdoptedDecember 13, 2024December 13, 2025
Up to 41,764
Desmond M. Lynch
Senior Vice President, Finance and Chief Financial Officer
AdoptedDecember 13, 2024December 13, 20256,861
Rule 10b5-1 Arrangement Adopted false  
Non-Rule 10b5-1 Arrangement Adopted false  
Rule 10b5-1 Arrangement Terminated false  
Non-Rule 10b5-1 Arrangement Terminated false  
Luc Seraphin [Member]    
Trading Arrangements, by Individual    
Name Luc Seraphin  
Title President and Chief Executive Officer  
Rule 10b5-1 Arrangement Adopted true  
Adoption Date December 13, 2024  
Expiration Date December 13, 2025  
Arrangement Duration 365 days  
Aggregate Available 174,400 174,400
John Shinn [Member]    
Trading Arrangements, by Individual    
Name John Shinn  
Title Senior Vice President and General Counsel  
Rule 10b5-1 Arrangement Adopted true  
Adoption Date December 13, 2024  
Expiration Date December 13, 2025  
Arrangement Duration 365 days  
Aggregate Available 41,764 41,764
Desmond M. Lynch [Member]    
Trading Arrangements, by Individual    
Name Desmond M. Lynch  
Title Senior Vice President, Finance and Chief Financial Officer  
Rule 10b5-1 Arrangement Adopted true  
Adoption Date December 13, 2024  
Expiration Date December 13, 2025  
Arrangement Duration 365 days  
Aggregate Available 6,861 6,861
v3.25.0.1
Insider Trading Policies and Procedures
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2024
Insider Trading Policies and Procedures [Line Items]  
Insider Trading Policies and Procedures Adopted true
v3.25.0.1
Cybersecurity Risk Management and Strategy Disclosure
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2024
Cybersecurity Risk Management, Strategy, and Governance [Line Items]  
Cybersecurity Risk Management Processes for Assessing, Identifying, and Managing Threats [Text Block]
We have established policies and processes for assessing, identifying, and managing material risk from cybersecurity threats, and have integrated these processes into our overall risk management systems and processes. We routinely assess potential material risks from cybersecurity threats, including any potential unauthorized occurrence on or conducted through our information systems that may result in adverse effects on the confidentiality, integrity, or availability of our information systems or any information residing therein.
We conduct periodic risk assessments to identify cybersecurity threats, as well as assessments in the event of a material change in our business practices that may affect information systems that are vulnerable to such cybersecurity threats. These risk assessments include identification of reasonably foreseeable internal and external risks, the likelihood and potential damage that could result from such risks, and the sufficiency of existing policies, procedures, systems, and safeguards in place to manage such risks.
Following these risk assessments, if material risks and/or gaps are identified, we will re-design, implement, and maintain reasonable safeguards to minimize identified risks; reasonably address any identified gaps in existing safeguards; and regularly monitor the effectiveness of our safeguards. We devote significant resources and designate high-level personnel, including our Chief Information Security Officer who reports to our Chief Information Officer, to manage the risk assessment and mitigation process.
As part of our overall risk management system, we monitor and test our safeguards and train our employees on these safeguards, in collaboration with IT. Personnel at all levels and departments are made aware of cybersecurity issues through trainings.
We engage third party assessors/consultants in connection with our risk assessment processes. These service providers assist us to design and implement our cybersecurity policies and procedures, as well as to monitor and test our safeguards. We conduct vendor risk assessments before onboarding identified third-party service providers to review each such service provider’s cybersecurity practices and to assess factors such as access controls, incident response capabilities, overall cyber maturity and applicable certifications.
For additional information regarding whether any risks from cybersecurity threats, including as a result of any previous cybersecurity incidents, have materially affected or are reasonably likely to materially affect our company, including our business strategy, results of operations, or financial condition, please refer to Item 1A, “Risk Factors,” in this Form 10-K.
Cybersecurity Risk Management Processes Integrated [Flag] true
Cybersecurity Risk Management Processes Integrated [Text Block]
We have established policies and processes for assessing, identifying, and managing material risk from cybersecurity threats, and have integrated these processes into our overall risk management systems and processes. We routinely assess potential material risks from cybersecurity threats, including any potential unauthorized occurrence on or conducted through our information systems that may result in adverse effects on the confidentiality, integrity, or availability of our information systems or any information residing therein.
Cybersecurity Risk Management Third Party Engaged [Flag] true
Cybersecurity Risk Third Party Oversight and Identification Processes [Flag] true
Cybersecurity Risk Materially Affected or Reasonably Likely to Materially Affect Registrant [Flag] false
Cybersecurity Risk Board of Directors Oversight [Text Block]
One of the key functions of our board of directors is informed oversight of our risk management process, including risks from cybersecurity threats. Our board of directors is responsible for monitoring and assessing strategic risk exposure, and our executive officers are responsible for the day-to-day management of the material risks we face. Our board of directors administers its cybersecurity risk oversight function directly as a whole, as well as through the Cyber Risk Committee.
Cybersecurity Risk Board Committee or Subcommittee Responsible for Oversight [Text Block]
Our Chief Information Security Officer also provides quarterly briefings to the Cyber Risk Committee regarding our company’s cybersecurity risks and activities, including any recent cybersecurity incidents of interest and related responses, cybersecurity systems testing, applicable activities of third parties, and the like. Our Cyber Risk Committee provides regular updates to the board of directors on such reports.
Cybersecurity Risk Process for Informing Board Committee or Subcommittee Responsible for Oversight [Text Block]
One of the key functions of our board of directors is informed oversight of our risk management process, including risks from cybersecurity threats. Our board of directors is responsible for monitoring and assessing strategic risk exposure, and our executive officers are responsible for the day-to-day management of the material risks we face. Our board of directors administers its cybersecurity risk oversight function directly as a whole, as well as through the Cyber Risk Committee.
Cybersecurity Risk Role of Management [Text Block]
One of the key functions of our board of directors is informed oversight of our risk management process, including risks from cybersecurity threats. Our board of directors is responsible for monitoring and assessing strategic risk exposure, and our executive officers are responsible for the day-to-day management of the material risks we face. Our board of directors administers its cybersecurity risk oversight function directly as a whole, as well as through the Cyber Risk Committee.
Our Chief Information Officer, Chief Information Security Officer and our Security Team, which includes Security Engineers, our Senior Manager of Cybersecurity and our Chief Information Security Officer, are primarily responsible to assess and manage our material risks from cybersecurity threats. Our Security Team has deep expertise in cybersecurity practices, including security threat evaluation, security operations, incident response, investigations, forensics, threat containment, data security vulnerability management, security policies and procedures, vulnerability scans, penetration testing, infrastructure security, network security, cloud security, identity and access management, role-based access, server and endpoint security, e-mail security, security awareness, logging, security governance and risk mitigations. Our Chief Information Security Officer has over twenty years of experience in security leadership over all aspects of cybersecurity, including security operations, security incident management and cybersecurity governance, policies and procedures, as well as deep expertise in defense in depth, zero trust security architectures and security controls for perimeter, network, endpoint, application and data security layers.
Our Chief Information Security Officer and our Security Team oversee our cybersecurity policies and processes, including those described in “Risk Management and Strategy” above. The processes by which our Chief Information Security Officer and our Security Team are informed about and monitor the prevention, detection, mitigation and remediation of cybersecurity incidents include the following: regular penetration testing, independent third-party risk and security posture assessments, phishing tests (with trainings for the failed users), general cybersecurity and phishing training for all Rambus personnel and tabletop exercises to simulate threats and identify gaps.
In the event of a cybersecurity incident, our Chief Information Security Officer and our Security Team are equipped with a well-defined incident response plan to guide response actions. This incident response plan includes immediate actions to mitigate the impact of the incident, long-term strategies for remediation and prevention of future incidents, and provides for internal notification of the incident to functional areas, as well as senior leadership and the Cyber Risk and/or Audit Committees of our board of directors, as appropriate.
Cybersecurity Risk Management Positions or Committees Responsible [Flag] true
Cybersecurity Risk Management Positions or Committees Responsible [Text Block]
Our Chief Information Security Officer and our Security Team oversee our cybersecurity policies and processes, including those described in “Risk Management and Strategy” above. The processes by which our Chief Information Security Officer and our Security Team are informed about and monitor the prevention, detection, mitigation and remediation of cybersecurity incidents include the following: regular penetration testing, independent third-party risk and security posture assessments, phishing tests (with trainings for the failed users), general cybersecurity and phishing training for all Rambus personnel and tabletop exercises to simulate threats and identify gaps.
In the event of a cybersecurity incident, our Chief Information Security Officer and our Security Team are equipped with a well-defined incident response plan to guide response actions. This incident response plan includes immediate actions to mitigate the impact of the incident, long-term strategies for remediation and prevention of future incidents, and provides for internal notification of the incident to functional areas, as well as senior leadership and the Cyber Risk and/or Audit Committees of our board of directors, as appropriate.
Cybersecurity Risk Management Expertise of Management Responsible [Text Block] Our Security Team has deep expertise in cybersecurity practices, including security threat evaluation, security operations, incident response, investigations, forensics, threat containment, data security vulnerability management, security policies and procedures, vulnerability scans, penetration testing, infrastructure security, network security, cloud security, identity and access management, role-based access, server and endpoint security, e-mail security, security awareness, logging, security governance and risk mitigations. Our Chief Information Security Officer has over twenty years of experience in security leadership over all aspects of cybersecurity, including security operations, security incident management and cybersecurity governance, policies and procedures, as well as deep expertise in defense in depth, zero trust security architectures and security controls for perimeter, network, endpoint, application and data security layers.
Cybersecurity Risk Process for Informing Management or Committees Responsible [Text Block]
One of the key functions of our board of directors is informed oversight of our risk management process, including risks from cybersecurity threats. Our board of directors is responsible for monitoring and assessing strategic risk exposure, and our executive officers are responsible for the day-to-day management of the material risks we face. Our board of directors administers its cybersecurity risk oversight function directly as a whole, as well as through the Cyber Risk Committee.
Our Chief Information Officer, Chief Information Security Officer and our Security Team, which includes Security Engineers, our Senior Manager of Cybersecurity and our Chief Information Security Officer, are primarily responsible to assess and manage our material risks from cybersecurity threats. Our Security Team has deep expertise in cybersecurity practices, including security threat evaluation, security operations, incident response, investigations, forensics, threat containment, data security vulnerability management, security policies and procedures, vulnerability scans, penetration testing, infrastructure security, network security, cloud security, identity and access management, role-based access, server and endpoint security, e-mail security, security awareness, logging, security governance and risk mitigations. Our Chief Information Security Officer has over twenty years of experience in security leadership over all aspects of cybersecurity, including security operations, security incident management and cybersecurity governance, policies and procedures, as well as deep expertise in defense in depth, zero trust security architectures and security controls for perimeter, network, endpoint, application and data security layers.
Our Chief Information Security Officer and our Security Team oversee our cybersecurity policies and processes, including those described in “Risk Management and Strategy” above. The processes by which our Chief Information Security Officer and our Security Team are informed about and monitor the prevention, detection, mitigation and remediation of cybersecurity incidents include the following: regular penetration testing, independent third-party risk and security posture assessments, phishing tests (with trainings for the failed users), general cybersecurity and phishing training for all Rambus personnel and tabletop exercises to simulate threats and identify gaps.
In the event of a cybersecurity incident, our Chief Information Security Officer and our Security Team are equipped with a well-defined incident response plan to guide response actions. This incident response plan includes immediate actions to mitigate the impact of the incident, long-term strategies for remediation and prevention of future incidents, and provides for internal notification of the incident to functional areas, as well as senior leadership and the Cyber Risk and/or Audit Committees of our board of directors, as appropriate.
Cybersecurity Risk Management Positions or Committees Responsible Report to Board [Flag] true
v3.25.0.1
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Policies)
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2024
Accounting Policies [Abstract]  
Financial Statement Presentation
Financial Statement Presentation
The accompanying consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Rambus and its wholly owned subsidiaries. All intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated on the accompanying consolidated financial statements. Rambus accounts for investments in entities where it owns more than 20% and has significant influence (but not control) over the investee's operations using the equity method. These investments are classified under other assets.
Use of Estimates
Use of Estimates
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ materially from those estimates.
Reclassifications
Reclassifications
Certain prior-year balances were reclassified to conform to the current year’s presentation. None of these reclassifications had an impact on reported net income or cash flows for any of the periods presented.
Revenue Recognition
Revenue Recognition
The Company recognizes revenue upon transfer of control of promised goods and services in an amount that reflects the consideration it expects to receive in exchange for those goods and services. Goods and services that are distinct are accounted for as separate performance obligations.
Where an arrangement includes multiple performance obligations, the transaction price is allocated to these on a relative standalone selling price basis. The Company has established standalone selling prices for the majority of its distinct offerings - specifically, the same pricing methodology is consistently applied to all licensing arrangements; all service offerings are priced within tightly controlled bands and all contracts that include support and maintenance state a renewal rate or price that is systematically enforced. For certain contracts, the Company utilizes the residual approach to estimate standalone selling prices primarily for service offerings sold to customers at highly variable pricing.
The Company’s revenue consists of product, royalty and contract and other revenue. Products primarily consist of memory interface chips sold directly and indirectly to module manufacturers and OEMs worldwide through multiple channels, including
its direct sales force and distributors. Royalty revenue consists of patent and technology license royalties. Contract and other revenue consists of software license fees, engineering fees associated with integration of the Company’s technology solutions into its customers’ products and support and maintenance fees.
Product Revenue
Product revenue is recognized upon shipment of product to customers, net of accruals for estimated sales returns and allowances, and to distributors, net of accruals for price protection and rights of return on products unsold by the distributors. The Company transacts with direct customers primarily pursuant to standard purchase orders for delivery of products and generally allows customers to cancel or change purchase orders within limited notice periods prior to the scheduled shipment date.
Royalty Revenue
Rambus’ patent and technology licensing arrangements generally range between one year and ten years in duration and generally grant the licensee the right to use applicable portions of the Company’s entire IP portfolio as it evolves over time. These arrangements do not typically grant the licensee the right to terminate for convenience and where such rights exist, termination is prospective, with no refund of fees already paid or cancellation of fees already incurred by the licensee.
Patent and technology licensing arrangements result in fixed payments received over time, with guaranteed minimum payments on occasion, variable payments calculated based on the licensee’s sale or use of the IP, or a mix of fixed and variable payments.
For fixed-fee arrangements (including arrangements that include minimum guaranteed amounts), the Company recognizes revenue upon control over the underlying IP use right transferring to the licensee, net of the effect of significant financing components calculated using customer-specific, risk-adjusted lending rates typically ranging between 5% and 10%, with the related interest income recognized over time on an effective rate basis. Where a licensee has the contractual right to terminate a fixed-fee arrangement for convenience without any substantive penalty payable upon such termination, the Company recognizes revenue for the duration of the contract in which the parties have present enforceable rights and obligations.
For variable arrangements, the Company recognizes revenue based on an estimate of the licensee’s sale or usage of the IP during the periods the sale or usage occur, typically quarterly, with a true-up recorded, if required, when the Company receives the actual royalty report from the licensee.
The Company recognizes license renewal revenue commencing with the start of the renewal period.
Contract and Other Revenue
Contract and other revenue consists of software license fees and engineering fees associated with integration of the Company’s technology solutions into its customers’ products, and support and maintenance.
An initial software arrangement may consist of a term-based or perpetual license, significant software customization services and support and maintenance services that include post-implementation customer support and the right to unspecified software updates and enhancements on a when and if available basis. The Company recognizes license and customization services revenue at a point in time when final delivery is made or based on an over time model, depending on the nature and amount of customization. For the over time model, the Company recognizes revenue over time by measuring the progress toward complete satisfaction of that performance obligation.
The Company recognizes support and maintenance revenue over the time those services are provided.
Significant Judgments
The Company applies significant judgment when determining the amount and timing of revenue from the Company’s contracts with customers, based on its estimate of the man-months necessary for completing development and customization services. The Company has adequate tools and controls in place, and substantial experience and expertise in timely and
accurately tracking man-months incurred in completing customization and other professional services, and quantifying significant changes in estimates.
The Company recognizes revenue on variable fee licensing arrangements on the basis of estimated sales and usage, which the Company then trues up to actual results when it receives the final related reports from its customers.
Contract Balances
Timing of revenue recognition may differ from the timing of invoicing to the Company’s customers. The Company records contract assets when revenue is recognized prior to invoicing, and a contract liability when revenue is recognized subsequent to invoicing. The contract assets are transferred to receivables when the billing occurs.
Cost of Revenue
Cost of Revenue
Cost of revenue includes cost of professional services, materials, including cost of wafers processed by third-party foundries, costs associated with packaging and assembly, test and shipping, cost of personnel, including stock-based compensation, and equipment associated with manufacturing support, logistics and quality assurance, warranty costs, amortization of existing technology, write-down of inventories, amortization of production mask costs, overhead and an allocated portion of occupancy costs.
Leases
Leases
The Company leases office space, domestically and internationally, under operating leases. The Company’s leases have remaining lease terms generally between one year and eight years. Operating leases are included in operating lease right-of-use (“ROU”) assets, operating lease liabilities and long-term operating lease liabilities in the Company’s Consolidated Balance Sheets. The Company does not have any finance leases. The Company determines if an arrangement is a lease, or contains a lease, at inception. The Company assesses all relevant facts and circumstances in making the determination of the existence of a lease. For leases with terms greater than 12 months, the Company records the related asset and obligation at the present value of lease payments over the term. The Company uses its incremental borrowing rate based on the information available at the commencement date in determining the present value of lease payments, and uses the implicit rate when readily determinable. Many of the Company’s leases include rental escalation clauses, renewal options and/or termination options that are factored into the determination of lease payments when appropriate. Leases with an initial term of 12 months or less are not recorded on the balance sheet, and the Company does not separate non-lease components from lease components. Operating lease costs are included in research and development and selling, general and administrative costs in the Company’s Consolidated Statements of Operations.
Goodwill and Intangible Assets
Goodwill
Goodwill represents the excess of the purchase price over the fair value of the net tangible and identifiable intangible assets acquired in each business combination. Goodwill is not subject to amortization, but is subject to at least an annual assessment for impairment. The Company performs its impairment analysis of goodwill on an annual basis during the fourth quarter of the year unless conditions arise that warrant a more frequent evaluation.
When goodwill is assessed for impairment, the Company has the option to perform an assessment of qualitative factors of impairment (optional assessment) prior to necessitating a quantitative impairment test. Should the optional assessment be used for any given year, qualitative factors to consider for a reporting unit include: cost factors; financial performance; legal, regulatory, contractual, political, business, or other factors; entity specific factors; industry and market considerations; macroeconomic conditions; and other relevant events and factors affecting the reporting unit. If the Company determines in the qualitative assessment that it is more likely than not that the fair value of the reporting unit is less than its carrying value, a quantitative test is then performed. Otherwise, no further testing is required. For a reporting unit tested using a quantitative approach, the Company compares the fair value of the reporting unit with the carrying amount of the reporting unit, including goodwill. The fair value of the reporting unit is estimated using an income approach.
Under the income approach, the Company measures fair value of the reporting unit based on a projected cash flow method using a discount rate determined by its management which is commensurate with the risk inherent in its current business model. The Company’s discounted cash flow projections are based on annual financial forecasts developed internally by management for use in managing its business. If the fair value of the reporting unit exceeds its carrying value, goodwill is not impaired and no further testing is required. If the fair value of the reporting unit is less than the carrying value, then the amount of goodwill impairment will be the amount by which the reporting unit’s carrying value exceeds its fair value, not to exceed the carrying amount of goodwill.
The Company performed its annual goodwill impairment analysis as of December 31, 2024 and determined that there was no impairment of its goodwill. For the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, the Company did not recognize any goodwill impairment charges.
Intangible Assets
Intangible assets are comprised of existing technology, customer contracts and contractual relationships, and other definite-lived and indefinite-lived intangible assets. Identifiable intangible assets resulting from the acquisitions of entities accounted for using the purchase method of accounting are estimated by management based on the fair value of assets received. Identifiable definite-lived intangible assets are amortized over the period of estimated benefit using the straight-line method, with estimated useful lives ranging from six months to ten years.
Acquired indefinite-lived intangible assets related to the Company’s in-process research and development (“IPR&D”) are capitalized and subject to impairment testing until completion or abandonment of the projects. Upon successful completion of each project, the Company makes a separate determination of the useful life of the acquired indefinite-lived intangible assets and the related amortization is recorded as an expense over the estimated useful life of the specific projects. Indefinite-lived intangible assets are subject to at least an annual assessment for impairment, applying a fair-value based test. The Company first performs a qualitative assessment to determine whether it is more likely than not (more than 50% likelihood) that the indefinite-lived intangible assets are impaired. If after assessing the totality of events and circumstances and their potential effect on significant inputs to the fair value determination, the Company determines that it is more likely than not that the indefinite-lived intangible assets are impaired, then the Company performs a quantitative impairment test by comparing the fair value of the intangible assets with its carrying amount. The Company measures fair value of the indefinite-lived intangible assets under the income approach based on a projected cash flow method using a discount rate determined by its management which is commensurate with the risk inherent in its current business model. The Company’s discounted cash flow projections are based on its annual financial forecasts developed internally by management for use in managing its business. If the fair value of the indefinite-lived intangible assets exceeds its carrying value, the indefinite-lived intangible assets are not impaired and no further testing is required. If the implied fair value of the indefinite-lived intangible assets is less than the carrying value, the difference is recorded as an impairment loss.
Inventories
Inventories
Inventories are stated at the lower of cost or net realizable value. Cost is computed using standard cost, which approximates actual cost, on a first-in, first-out basis. Inventories are reduced for write-downs based on periodic reviews for evidence of excess or obsolete parts. The write-down is based on comparison between inventory on hand and estimated future sales for each specific product. Once written down, inventory write-downs are not reversed until the inventory is sold or scrapped. Inventory write-downs are also established when conditions indicate that the net realizable value is less than cost due to physical deterioration, obsolescence, changes in price level or other causes.
Property, Plant and Equipment
Property and Equipment
Property and equipment include computer software, computer equipment, leasehold improvements, machinery, and furniture and fixtures. Computer software, computer equipment, machinery, and furniture and fixtures are stated at cost and generally depreciated on a straight-line basis over an estimated useful life of three to seven years. Refer to Note 11, “Balance Sheet Details,” for additional information. Leasehold improvements are amortized on a straight-line basis over the shorter of their estimated useful lives or the remaining terms of the leases. Upon disposal, assets and related accumulated depreciation are removed from the accounts and the related gain or loss is included in the results from operations.
Definite-Lived Asset Impairment
Definite-Lived Asset Impairment
The Company evaluates definite-lived assets (including property and equipment and intangible assets) for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate the carrying value of an asset group may not be recoverable. The carrying value is not recoverable if it exceeds the undiscounted cash flows resulting from the use of the asset group and its eventual disposition. The Company’s estimates of future cash flows attributable to its asset groups require significant judgment based on its historical and anticipated results and are subject to many factors. Factors that the Company considers important which could trigger an impairment review include significant negative industry or economic trends, significant loss of clients and significant changes in the manner of its use of the acquired assets or the strategy for its overall business.
When the Company determines that the carrying value of an asset group may not be recoverable based upon the existence of one or more of the above indicators of impairment, the Company measures the potential impairment based on a projected
discounted cash flow method using a discount rate determined by the Company to be commensurate with the risk inherent in the Company’s current business model. An impairment loss is recognized only if the carrying amount of the asset group is not recoverable and exceeds its fair value. The impairment charge is recorded to reduce the pre-impairment carrying amount of the assets based on the relative carrying amount of those assets, though not to reduce the carrying amount of an asset below its fair value. Different assumptions and judgments could materially affect the calculation of the fair value of the assets. During 2024, 2023 and 2022, the Company did not recognize any impairment of its definite-lived and indefinite-lived assets, except as described in Note 20, “Divestiture.”
Income Taxes
Income Taxes
Income taxes are accounted for using an asset and liability approach, which requires the recognition of deferred tax assets and liabilities for expected future tax events that have been recognized differently in the Company’s consolidated financial statements and tax returns. The measurement of current and deferred tax assets and liabilities is based on provisions of the enacted tax law and the effects of future changes in tax laws or rates are not anticipated. A valuation allowance is established when necessary to reduce deferred tax assets to the amount of future tax benefit that is more likely than not to be realized.
In addition, the calculation of the Company’s tax liabilities involves dealing with uncertainties in the application of complex tax regulations. As a result, the Company reports a liability for unrecognized tax benefits resulting from uncertain tax positions taken or expected to be taken in its tax return. The company recognizes the benefit from a tax position only if it is more-likely-than-not that the position would be sustained upon audit based solely on the technical merits of the tax position.
Stock-Based Compensation and Equity Incentive Plans
Stock-Based Compensation and Equity Incentive Plans
The Company maintains stock plans covering a broad range of equity grants including stock options, nonvested equity stock and equity stock units and performance-based instruments. In addition, the Company sponsors an Employee Stock Purchase Plan (“ESPP”), whereby eligible employees are entitled to purchase common stock semi-annually, by means of limited payroll deductions, at a 15% discount from the fair market value of the common stock as of specific dates. The Company determines compensation expense associated with restricted stock units based on the fair value of its common stock on the date of grant.
Cash and Cash Equivalents
Cash and Cash Equivalents
Cash equivalents are investments with original maturity of three months or less at the date of purchase. The Company maintains its cash balances with high-quality financial institutions. Cash equivalents are invested in highly rated, liquid money market securities, time deposits and certain U.S. government sponsored obligations.
Marketable Securities
Marketable Securities
Rambus invests its excess cash and cash equivalents primarily in U.S. government-sponsored obligations, corporate bonds, commercial paper and notes, time deposits and money market funds that mature within three years. Available-for-sale securities are carried at fair value, based on quoted market prices, with the unrealized gains or losses reported, net of tax, in stockholders’ equity as part of accumulated other comprehensive income (loss). The amortized cost of debt securities is adjusted for amortization of premiums and accretion of discounts to maturity, both of which are included in interest and other income, net. Realized gains and losses are recorded based on the specific identification method and are included in interest and other income, net. The Company reviews its investments in marketable securities for possible other than temporary impairments on a regular basis. If any loss on investment is believed to be a credit loss, a charge will be recognized in operations. In evaluating whether a credit loss on a debt security has occurred, the Company considers the following factors: 1) the Company’s intent to sell the security, 2) if the Company intends to hold the security, whether or not it is more likely than not that the Company will be required to sell the security before recovery of the security’s amortized cost basis and 3) even if the Company intends to hold the security, whether or not the Company expects the security to recover the entire amortized cost basis. Due to the high credit quality and short-term nature of the Company’s investments, there have been no material credit losses recorded to date. The classification of funds between short-term and long-term is based on whether the securities are available for use in operations or other purposes.
Fair Value of Financial Instruments
Fair Value of Financial Instruments
The fair value measurement statement defines fair value as the price that would be received from selling an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date, and requires disclosure that establishes a framework for measuring fair value and expands disclosure about fair value measurements. The statement requires that fair value measurement be classified and disclosed in one of the following three categories:
Level 1: Unadjusted quoted prices in active markets that are accessible at the measurement date for identical, unrestricted assets or liabilities. The Company uses unadjusted quotes to determine fair value. The financial assets in Level 1 include money market funds.
Level 2: Quoted prices in markets that are not active, or inputs which are observable, either directly or indirectly, for substantially the full term of the asset or liability. The Company uses observable pricing inputs including benchmark yields, reported trades and broker/dealer quotes. The financial assets in Level 2 include U.S. government bonds and notes, and corporate bonds, commercial paper and notes.
Level 3: Prices or valuation techniques that require inputs that are both significant to the fair value measurement and unobservable (i.e., supported by little or no market activity). When determining fair value, the Company considers the principal or most advantageous market in which the Company would transact, and the Company considers assumptions that market participants would use when pricing the asset or liability, such as inherent risk, transfer restrictions and risk of non-performance.
The Company does not have any financial assets or liabilities in Level 3 as of December 31, 2024 and 2023, except for the Company’s liability for the earn-out consideration related to the PLDA acquisition as of December 31, 2023, which was recorded within other long-term liabilities. The Company had classified this liability within Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy because the fair value was determined using significant unobservable inputs. Refer to Note 9, “Fair Value of Financial Instruments,” for additional information.
The carrying value of cash equivalents, accounts receivable and accounts payable approximate their fair values due to their relatively short maturities as of December 31, 2024 and 2023.
The Company’s financial instruments are measured and recorded at fair value, except for equity method investments and convertible notes. Marketable securities are comprised of available-for-sale securities that are reported at fair value with the related unrealized gains and losses included in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss), a component of stockholders’ equity, net of tax. Fair value of the marketable securities is determined based on quoted market prices. The fair value of the Company’s convertible notes fluctuated with interest rates and with the market price of the common stock, but did not affect the carrying value of the debt on the balance sheet.
The Company’s non-financial assets, such as goodwill, intangible assets and property and equipment, are measured at fair value when there is an indicator of impairment and recorded at fair value only when an impairment charge is recognized. The Company’s equity method investments were initially recognized at cost, and the carrying amount was increased or decreased to recognize the Company’s share of the profit or loss of the investee after the date of acquisition. The Company’s share of the investee’s profit or loss was recognized in interest and other income (expense), net in the Company’s Consolidated Statements of Operations. Distributions received from an investee reduced the carrying amount of the investment.
Research and Development
Research and Development
Costs incurred in research and development, which include engineering expenses, such as salaries and related benefits, stock-based compensation, depreciation, professional services and overhead expenses related to the general development of the Company’s products, are expensed as incurred.
Computation of Earnings (Loss) Per Share
Computation of Earnings (Loss) Per Share
Basic earnings (loss) per share is calculated by dividing the net income (loss) by the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding during the period. Diluted earnings per share is calculated by dividing the earnings by the weighted-average number of common shares and potentially dilutive securities outstanding during the period. Potentially dilutive common shares consist of incremental common shares issuable upon exercise of stock options, employee stock purchases, and restricted stock and restricted stock units, and shares issuable upon the conversion of convertible notes. The dilutive effect of outstanding shares is reflected in diluted earnings per share by application of the treasury stock method, or the if-converted method for the in-the-money conversion benefit feature of the 2023 Notes. This method includes consideration of the amounts to be paid by the employees, the amount of excess tax benefits that would be recognized in equity if the instrument was exercised and the amount of unrecognized stock-based compensation related to future services. No potentially dilutive common shares are included in the computation of diluted earnings per share amount when a net loss is reported.
Comprehensive Income (Loss)
Comprehensive Income (Loss)
Comprehensive income (loss) is defined as the change in equity of a business enterprise during a period from transactions and other events and circumstances from non-owner sources, including foreign currency translation adjustments and unrealized gains and losses on marketable securities. Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax, is presented in the Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss).
Credit Concentration
Credit Concentration
As of December 31, 2024 and 2023, the Company’s cash, cash equivalents and marketable securities were invested with various financial institutions in the form of corporate bonds, commercial paper and notes, money market funds, time deposits, U.S. Treasuries and U.S. Government Agencies. The Company’s exposure to market risk for changes in interest rates relates primarily to its investment portfolio. The Company places its investments with high-credit issuers and, by investment policy, attempts to limit the amount of credit exposure to any one issuer. As stated in the Company’s investment policy, it will ensure the safety and preservation of the Company’s invested funds by limiting default risk and market risk. The Company has certain investments denominated in foreign currencies and therefore is subject to foreign exchange risk from these assets. The Company holds cash, cash equivalents and marketable securities in excess of federally insured limits.
The Company mitigates default risk by investing in high credit quality securities and by positioning its portfolio to respond appropriately to a significant reduction in a credit rating of any investment issuer or guarantor. The portfolio includes only marketable securities with active secondary or resale markets to enable portfolio liquidity.
The Company’s accounts receivable are derived from revenue earned from customers located in the U.S. and internationally. Refer to Note 7, “Segments and Major Customers,” for additional information.
The Company’s unbilled receivables are collected from customers located in the U.S. and internationally. Refer to Note 4, “Revenue Recognition,” for additional information.
Foreign Currency Translation and Re-Measurement
Foreign Currency Translation and Re-Measurement
The Company translates the assets and liabilities of its non-U.S. dollar functional currency subsidiaries into U.S. dollars using exchange rates in effect at the end of each period. Revenue and expenses for these subsidiaries are translated using rates that approximate those in effect during the period. Gains and losses from these translations are recognized in foreign currency translation included in accumulated other comprehensive gain (loss) in the Company’s Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity. The Company’s subsidiaries that use the U.S. dollar as their functional currency re-measure monetary assets and liabilities at exchange rates in effect at the end of each period, and inventories, property and non-monetary assets and liabilities at historical rates. Additionally, foreign currency transaction gains and losses are included in interest income and other (income) expense, net, in the Company’s Consolidated Statements of Operations and were not material in the periods presented.
Business Combinations
Business Combinations
The Company accounts for acquisitions of businesses using the purchase method of accounting, which requires the Company to recognize separately from goodwill the assets acquired and the liabilities assumed at their acquisition date fair values.
Accounting for business combinations requires management to make significant estimates and assumptions, especially at the acquisition date including the Company’s estimates for intangible assets, contractual obligations assumed and pre-acquisition contingencies where applicable.
v3.25.0.1
Revenue Recognition (Tables)
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2024
Revenue from Contract with Customer [Abstract]  
Contract balances
The Company’s contract balances were as follows:
As of December 31,
(In thousands)20242023
Unbilled receivables$29,104 $55,295 
Deferred revenue21,852 18,085 
v3.25.0.1
Earnings (Loss) Per Share (Tables)
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2024
Earnings Per Share [Abstract]  
Computation of basic and diluted income (loss) per share
The following table sets forth the computation of basic and diluted net income (loss) per share:
For the Years Ended December 31,
(In thousands, except per share amounts)202420232022
Net income (loss) per share:
Numerator:
Net income (loss)$179,821 $333,904 $(14,310)
Denominator:
Weighted-average common shares outstanding - basic
107,438 108,183 109,472 
Effect of potentially dilutive common shares1,603 2,706 — 
Weighted-average common shares outstanding - diluted
109,041 110,889 109,472 
Basic net income (loss) per share$1.67 $3.09 $(0.13)
Diluted net income (loss) per share$1.65 $3.01 $(0.13)
Schedule of antidilutive securities excluded from computation of earnings per share
The following potentially dilutive securities were excluded from the calculation of diluted net loss per share attributable to the Company’s common stockholders for the year ended December 31, 2022 because the impact of including them would have been anti-dilutive (in thousands):
For the Year Ended December 31,
(In thousands)2022
Stock options282 
Restricted stock units2,361 
Potentially issuable shares related to the in-the-money conversion benefit feature of convertible notes175 
Total2,818 
v3.25.0.1
Intangible Assets and Goodwill (Tables)
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2024
Goodwill and Intangible Assets Disclosure [Abstract]  
Schedule of changes in carrying amount of goodwill
The following tables present goodwill information for the years ended December 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023:
(In thousands)December 31,
2023
Adjustment to Goodwill December 31,
2024
Total goodwill$286,812 — $286,812 

(In thousands)December 31,
2022
Divestiture of Goodwill (1)
December 31,
2023
Total goodwill$292,040 $(5,228)$286,812 
______________________________________
(1)    In September 2023, the Company divested its PHY IP group, which resulted in the Company recognizing a decrease in goodwill based on the relative fair value of the Company’s single reporting unit in proportion to the fair value of the divested PHY IP group. Refer to Note 20, “Divestiture,” for additional information.
Components of intangible assets
The components of the Company’s intangible assets as of December 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023 were as follows:
As of December 31, 2024
(In thousands, except useful life)Useful Life
Gross Carrying Amount (1)
Accumulated Amortization (1)
Net Carrying Amount
Existing technology
3 to 10 years
$288,001 $(270,954)$17,047 
Customer contracts and contractual relationships
0.5 to 10 years
37,496 (37,484)12 
Non-compete agreements and trademarks3 years300 (300)— 
Total intangible assets$325,797 $(308,738)$17,059 
______________________________________
(1)    The IPR&D projects acquired in connection with the acquisition of PLDA in 2021 were completed during the fourth quarter of 2024. The related intangible assets of $7.4 million were reclassified as existing technology and are being amortized over their expected useful life of five years. During the year ended December 31, 2024, the amortization for the reclassified assets was not material.
As of December 31, 2023
(In thousands, except useful life)Useful Life
Gross Carrying Amount (1)
Accumulated Amortization (1)
Net Carrying Amount
Existing technology
3 to 10 years
$286,712 $(265,756)$20,956 
Customer contracts and contractual relationships
0.5 to 10 years
37,496 (37,083)413 
Non-compete agreements and trademarks3 years300 (300)— 
IPR&DNot applicable7,400 — 7,400 
Total intangible assets$331,908 $(303,139)$28,769 
______________________________________
(1)    In September 2023, the Company disposed of approximately $7.4 million of net intangible assets (including $3.8 million of IPR&D) in connection with the divestiture of the Company’s PHY IP group. Refer to Note 20, “Divestiture,” for additional information.
Estimated future amortization expense of intangible assets
The estimated future amortization expense of intangible assets as of December 31, 2024 was as follows (in thousands):
Years Ending December 31:Amount
2025$7,226 
20265,191 
20271,929 
20281,480 
20291,233 
Total intangible assets$17,059 
v3.25.0.1
Segment Information (Tables)
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2024
Segment Reporting [Abstract]  
Schedule of segment reporting information, by segment
The significant expenses that are regularly provided to the CODM and reconciliations to the consolidated net income for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022, respectively, were as follows:
For the Years Ended December 31,
(In thousands)202420232022
Total revenue
$556,624 $461,117 $454,793 
Adjusted cost of revenue (1)
(98,368)(89,322)(93,101)
Adjusted research and development (2)
(146,431)(140,793)(142,853)
Adjusted sales, general and administrative (3)
(76,038)(76,669)(78,335)
Other segment items:
Stock-based compensation expenses (4)
(44,879)(45,011)(35,552)
Amortization of acquired intangible assets (4)
(11,710)(14,741)(15,610)
Impairment of assets (1,071)(10,045)— 
Acquisition & divestiture-related costs (5)
(162)(1,625)(7,179)
Interest and other income (expense), net
17,034 33,521 (84,767)
Change in fair value of earn-out liability 5,044 (9,234)(3,111)
Restructuring charges — (9,368)— 
Gain on divestiture — 90,784 — 
Other (6)
— (1,454)(2,110)
  Provision for (benefit from) income taxes(20,222)146,744 (6,485)
Net income (loss)
$179,821 $333,904 $(14,310)
_________________________________________
(1)    Excludes stock-based compensation expenses and amortization of acquisition-related intangible assets.
(2)     Excludes stock-based compensation expenses and retention bonus expense related to acquisitions.
(3)    Excludes stock-based compensation expenses and acquisition/divestiture-related costs and retention bonus expense.
(4)    The Company excludes these expenses from its adjusted cost of revenue and operating expenses primarily because such expenses are non-cash expenses that the Company does not believe are reflective of ongoing operating results.
(5)    The Company excludes these expenses in order to provide better comparability between periods as they are related to acquisitions and divestitures and have no direct correlation to the Company’s ongoing operating results.
(6)    Includes gain on sale of equity security, expense on abandoned operating leases, facility restoration costs and certain other one-time adjustments. The Company excludes these items as they are not reflective of ongoing results.
The following represents the Company’s significant expenses related to research and development expenses and sales, general and administrative expenses, as shown above, for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022:
For the Years Ended December 31,
(In thousands)202420232022
Payroll and benefits$129,228 $123,056 $124,130 
Variable research and development expenses (1)
27,342 28,228 29,482 
Professional fees 20,055 22,148 21,524 
Temporary labor services and consulting expenses14,264 13,577 17,276 
Facilities costs11,853 12,347 11,205 
Amortization and depreciation10,076 10,144 9,265 
Other expenses9,651 7,962 8,306 
Total adjusted operating expenses $222,469 $217,462 $221,188 
_________________________________________
(1)    Includes primarily software tools, software licenses and prototyping costs.
Schedule of customer accounts representing 10% or more than 10% of total balance
Accounts receivable from the Company’s major customers representing 10% or more of total accounts receivable as of December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively, was as follows:
As of December 31,
Customer20242023
Customer 139 %49 %
Customer 217 %13 %
Customer 3*12 %
_________________________________________
*    Customer accounted for less than 10% of total accounts receivable in the period.
Revenue from the Company’s major customers representing 10% or more of total revenue for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022, respectively, was as follows:
Years Ended December 31,
Customer202420232022
Customer A23 %27 %*
Customer B17 %18 %19 %
Customer C12 %*17 %
Customer D**14 %
_________________________________________
*    Customer accounted for less than 10% of total revenue in the period.
Revenue from external customer by geographic regions
Revenue from customers in the geographic regions based on the location of contracting parties was as follows:
Years Ended December 31,
(In thousands)202420232022
United States$201,466 $176,821 $277,776 
South Korea197,515 152,328 7,222 
Singapore67,318 53,327 57,309 
Other90,325 78,641 112,486 
Total$556,624 $461,117 $454,793 
v3.25.0.1
Marketable Securities (Tables)
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2024
Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale [Abstract]  
Cash equivalents and marketable securities classified as available-for-sale Total cash, cash equivalents and marketable securities are summarized as follows:
As of December 31, 2024
(In thousands)Fair ValueAmortized CostGross Unrealized GainsGross Unrealized Losses
Cash$87,415 $87,415 $— $— 
Cash equivalents:
Money market funds6,025 6,025 — — 
Corporate notes, bonds and commercial paper6,335 6,334 — 
Total cash equivalents12,360 12,359 — 
Total cash and cash equivalents99,775 99,774 — 
Marketable securities:
Time deposits12,870 12,870 — — 
U.S. Government bonds and notes220,056 220,034 184 (162)
Corporate bonds, commercial paper and notes149,097 149,085 121 (109)
Total marketable securities382,023 381,989 305 (271)
Total cash, cash equivalents and marketable securities$481,798 $481,763 $306 $(271)
As of December 31, 2023
(In thousands)Fair ValueAmortized CostGross Unrealized GainsGross Unrealized Losses
Cash$88,486 $88,486 $— $— 
Cash equivalents:
Money market funds3,790 3,790 — — 
U.S. Government bonds and notes2,491 2,491 — — 
Total cash equivalents6,281 6,281 — — 
Total cash and cash equivalents94,767 94,767 — — 
Marketable securities:
U.S. Government bonds and notes194,428 194,389 251 (212)
Corporate bonds, commercial paper and notes136,649 136,892 162 (405)
Total marketable securities331,077 331,281 413 (617)
Total cash, cash equivalents and marketable securities
$425,844 $426,048 $413 $(617)
Available-for-sale securities reported at fair value
Available-for-sale securities are reported at fair value on the balance sheets and were classified along with cash as follows:
As of December 31,
(In thousands)20242023
Cash$87,415 $88,486 
Cash equivalents12,360 6,281 
Total cash and cash equivalents99,775 94,767 
Marketable securities382,023 331,077 
Total cash, cash equivalents and marketable securities
$481,798 $425,844 
Estimated fair value of cash equivalents and marketable securities classified by date of contractual maturity and the length of time that the securities have been in a continuous unrealized loss position
The estimated fair value and gross unrealized losses of cash equivalents and marketable securities classified by the length of time that the securities have been in a continuous unrealized loss position as of December 31, 2024 and 2023 are as follows:
Fair ValueGross Unrealized Losses
(In thousands)December 31,
2024
December 31,
2023
December 31,
2024
December 31,
2023
Less than 12 months
U.S. Government bonds and notes$83,162 $32,454 $(162)$(53)
Corporate bonds, commercial paper and notes48,360 46,407 (109)(40)
Total cash equivalents and marketable securities in a continuous unrealized loss position for less than 12 months131,522 78,861 (271)(93)
12 months or greater
U.S. Government bonds and notes— 6,841 — (159)
Corporate bonds, commercial paper and notes— 16,619 — (365)
Total marketable securities in a continuous unrealized loss position for 12 months or greater— 23,460 — (524)
Total cash equivalents and marketable securities in a continuous unrealized loss position$131,522 $102,321 $(271)$(617)
Contractual maturities of cash equivalents (excluding money market funds which have no maturity) and marketable securities
The contractual maturities of cash equivalents (excluding money market funds which have no maturity) and marketable securities are summarized as follows:
(In thousands)December 31,
2024
Due less than one year$294,611 
Due from one year through three years93,747 
Total$388,358 
v3.25.0.1
Fair Value of Financial Instruments (Tables)
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2024
Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract]  
Summary of the valuation of cash equivalents and marketable securities by pricing levels
The following table presents the financial instruments and liabilities that are carried at fair value and summarizes their valuation by the respective pricing levels detailed in Note 2, “Summary of Significant Accounting Policies,” as of December 31, 2024 and 2023:
As of December 31, 2024
(In thousands)TotalQuoted Market Prices in Active Markets
(Level 1)
Significant Other Observable Inputs
(Level 2)
Significant Unobservable Inputs
(Level 3)
Assets carried at fair value
Money market funds$6,025 $6,025 $— $— 
Time deposits12,870 — 12,870 — 
U.S. Government bonds and notes220,056 — 220,056 — 
Corporate bonds, commercial paper and notes155,432 — 155,432 — 
Total assets carried at fair value$394,383 $6,025 $388,358 $— 
As of December 31, 2023
(In thousands)TotalQuoted Market Prices in Active Markets
(Level 1)
Significant Other Observable Inputs
(Level 2)
Significant Unobservable Inputs
(Level 3)
Assets carried at fair value
Money market funds$3,790 $3,790 $— $— 
U.S. Government bonds and notes196,919 — 196,919 — 
Corporate bonds, commercial paper and notes136,649 — 136,649 — 
Total assets carried at fair value$337,358 $3,790 $333,568 $— 
Liabilities carried at fair value
Earn-out consideration related to PLDA acquisition$12,500 $— $— $12,500 
Total liabilities carried at fair value$12,500 $— $— $12,500 
Fair value, liabilities measured on recurring basis, unobservable input reconciliation The following table presents additional information about liabilities measured at fair value for which the Company utilizes Level 3 inputs to determine fair value, as of December 31, 2024 and 2023:
Years Ended December 31,
(In thousands)202420232022
Balance as of beginning of period$12,500 $14,800 $16,900 
Change in fair value of earn-out liability due to remeasurement(5,044)9,234 3,111 
Change in fair value of earn-out liability due to achievement of revenue target(7,456)(11,534)(5,211)
Balance as of end of period$— $12,500 $14,800 
v3.25.0.1
Leases (Tables)
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2024
Leases [Abstract]  
Lessee, operating lease liabilities, maturities and undiscounted cash flows
The table below reconciles the undiscounted cash flows for the first five years and total of the remaining years to the operating lease liabilities recorded in the Consolidated Balance Sheet as of December 31, 2024 (in thousands):
Years ending December 31,Amount
2025$7,105 
20267,421 
20275,906 
20284,773 
20294,790 
Thereafter4,661 
Total minimum lease payments34,656 
Less: amount of lease payments representing interest(4,505)
Present value of future minimum lease payments30,151 
Less: current obligations under leases(5,617)
Long-term lease obligations$24,534 
v3.25.0.1
Balance Sheet Details (Tables)
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2024
Balance Sheet Related Disclosures [Abstract]  
Inventory
Inventories consisted of the following:
As of December 31,
(In thousands)20242023
Raw materials$14,777 $17,483 
Work in process9,646 5,299 
Finished goods20,211 13,372 
Total
$44,634 $36,154 
______________________________________
(1)    As of December 31, 2024 and 2023, the Company had inventory reserve balances of approximately $6.7 million and $6.0 million included in the Consolidated Balance Sheets, respectively.
Components of property, plant and equipment, net
Property and equipment, net is comprised of the following:
As of December 31,
(In thousands)20242023
Computer software$44,745 $44,226 
Computer equipment38,282 36,198 
Leasehold improvements31,973 27,810 
Machinery49,204 30,446 
Furniture and fixtures14,164 12,561 
Construction in progress7,789 5,660 
Property and equipment, gross186,157 156,901 
Less accumulated depreciation and amortization(110,648)(89,093)
Property and equipment, net$75,509 $67,808 
Other Current Liabilities
Other current liabilities are comprised of the following:
As of December 31,
(In thousands)20242023
EDA tools software licenses liability$8,438 $14,566 
Price protection liability4,677 6,563 
Other current liabilities4,198 5,469 
Total$17,313 $26,598 
Schedule of accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)
Accumulated other comprehensive loss is comprised of the following:
As of December 31,
(In thousands)20242023
Foreign currency translation adjustments$(1,144)$(913)
Unrealized loss on available-for-sale securities, net of tax(116)(356)
Total
$(1,260)$(1,269)
v3.25.0.1
Commitments and Contingencies (Tables)
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2024
Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure [Abstract]  
Schedule of material contractual obligations
As of December 31, 2024, the Company’s material contractual obligations were as follows:
(In thousands)Total20252026202720282029
Contractual obligations (1) (2)
Software licenses (3)
$12,034 $9,675 $1,484 $875 $— $— 
Other contractual obligations 268 131 137 — — — 
Acquisition retention bonuses (4)
260 260 — — — — 
Total$12,562 $10,066 $1,621 $875 $— $— 
______________________________________
(1)    The above table does not reflect possible payments in connection with unrecognized tax benefits of approximately $132.2 million, including $22.8 million recorded as a reduction of long-term deferred tax assets and $109.4 million in long-term income taxes payable, as of December 31, 2024. As noted below in Note 18, “Income Taxes,” although it is possible that some of the unrecognized tax benefits could be settled within the next 12 months, the Company cannot reasonably estimate the timing of the outcome at this time.
(2)    For the Company’s lease commitments as of December 31, 2024, refer to Note 10, “Leases.”
(3)    The Company has commitments with various software vendors for agreements generally having terms longer than one year.
(4)    In connection with the acquisitions of Hardent in the second quarter of 2022 and PLDA in the third quarter of 2021, the Company is obligated to pay retention bonuses to certain employees subject to certain eligibility and acceleration provisions, including the condition of employment.
v3.25.0.1
Equity Incentive Plans and Stock-Based Compensation (Tables)
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2024
Share-Based Payment Arrangement [Abstract]  
Schedule of shares available for grant
A summary of shares available for grant under the Company’s plans is as follows:
Shares Available for Grant
Total shares available for grant as of December 31, 202110,492,178
Nonvested equity stock and stock units granted (1) (2)
(4,107,633)
Nonvested equity stock and stock units forfeited (1)
1,271,224
Total shares available for grant as of December 31, 20227,655,769
Increase in shares approved for issuance (3)
5,210,000
Nonvested equity stock and stock units granted (1) (4)
(2,082,334)
Nonvested equity stock and stock units forfeited (1)
1,170,715
Total shares available for grant as of December 31, 202311,954,150
Stock options expired1,125
Nonvested equity stock and stock units granted (1) (5)
(1,482,074)
Nonvested equity stock and stock units forfeited (1)
416,677
Total shares available for grant as of December 31, 202410,889,878
______________________________________
(1)    For purposes of determining the number of shares available for grant under the 2015 Plan against the maximum number of shares authorized, each restricted stock unit granted prior to April 27, 2023 reduces the number of shares available for grant by 1.5 shares and each restricted stock unit forfeited increases shares available for grant by 1.5 shares. Each restricted stock unit granted on or after April 27, 2023 reduces the number of shares available for grant by 1.0 share and each restricted stock unit forfeited increases shares available for grant by 1.0 share.
(2)    Amount includes approximately 0.6 million shares that have been reserved for potential future issuance related to certain performance unit awards granted in 2022 and discussed under the section titled “Nonvested Equity Stock and Stock Units” below.
(3)    On April 27, 2023, the Company’s stockholders approved these additional shares to be reserved for issuance under the 2015 Plan.
(4)    Amount includes approximately 0.2 million shares that have been reserved for potential future issuance related to certain performance unit awards granted in 2023 and discussed under the section titled “Nonvested Equity Stock and Stock Units” below.
(5)    Amount includes approximately 0.2 million shares that have been reserved for potential future issuance related to certain performance unit awards granted in 2024 and discussed under the section titled “Nonvested Equity Stock and Stock Units” below.
Schedule of stock option activity
The following table summarizes stock option activity under the Company’s equity incentive plans for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022 and information regarding stock options outstanding and vested as of December 31, 2024:
Options OutstandingWeighted-Average Remaining Contractual Term (years)
Number of SharesWeighted-Average Exercise Price Per ShareAggregate Intrinsic Value
(In thousands)
Outstanding as of December 31, 2021549,581$10.71 
Options exercised
(117,138)$7.43 
Outstanding as of December 31, 2022432,443$11.60 
Options exercised
(307,711)$11.61 
Outstanding as of December 31, 2023124,732$11.60 
Options exercised
(33,607)$9.42 $1,460 
Options expired(1,125)$8.76 
Outstanding and vested as of December 31, 202490,000$12.45 3.53$3,637 
Weighted-average assumptions for employee stock purchase plan
Employee Stock Purchase Plan for Years Ended December 31,
202420232022
Employee Stock Purchase Plan
Expected stock price volatility
47%-54%
48%-53%
40%-44%
Risk free interest rate
4.42%-5.43%
5.14%-5.51%
1.49%-4.58%
Expected term (in years)
0.50.50.5
Weighted-average fair value of purchase rights granted under the purchase plan$14.96$14.86$8.02
Schedule of nonvested equity stock and stock units activity
The following table reflects the activity related to nonvested equity stock and stock units for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022:
Nonvested Equity Stock and Stock UnitsSharesWeighted-Average
Grant-Date Fair Value
Nonvested as of December 31, 20214,718,385$16.62 
Granted
2,338,255$28.10 
Vested
(1,853,260)$14.42 
Forfeited
(485,320)$20.48 
Nonvested as of December 31, 20224,718,060$22.78 
Granted
1,268,973$46.93 
Vested
(1,797,002)$18.07 
Forfeited
(759,839)$28.60 
Nonvested as of December 31, 20233,430,192$32.90 
Granted
1,312,367$57.03 
Vested
(1,289,945)$27.14 
Forfeited
(302,453)$39.07 
Nonvested as of December 31, 20243,150,161$44.72 
v3.25.0.1
Income Taxes (Tables)
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2024
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]  
Schedule of income (loss) before income tax
Income (loss) before taxes consisted of the following:
For the Years Ended December 31,
(In thousands)202420232022
Domestic$190,382 $154,434 $(16,663)
Foreign9,661 32,726 8,838 
$200,043 $187,160 $(7,825)
Components of provision for (benefit from) income taxes
The provision for (benefit from) income taxes was comprised of:
For the Years Ended December 31,
(In thousands)202420232022
Federal:
Current$2,760 $1,075 $183 
Deferred
(9,447)(126,734)2,479 
State:
Current
468 893 (215)
Deferred
1,245 (17,264)24 
Foreign:
Current
26,869 (3,362)5,828 
Deferred
(1,673)(1,352)(1,814)
$20,222 $(146,744)$6,485 
Schedule of effective income tax rate reconciliation
The differences between the Company’s effective tax rate and the U.S. federal statutory regular tax rate were as follows:
For the Years Ended December 31,
202420232022
U.S. federal statutory rate21.0 %21.0 %21.0 %
State income tax expense (benefit)0.9 (8.7)6.1 
Withholding tax8.4 3.9 (36.6)
Foreign rate differential(1.4)(2.6)(28.3)
Research and development credit(1.9)(2.9)4.8 
Executive compensation4.0 3.9 (49.0)
Stock-based compensation(6.1)(5.2)47.9 
Foreign tax credit(8.4)(2.5)57.4 
Foreign-derived intangible income deduction(6.8)(1.9)70.5 
Acquisition(0.1)1.6 (25.1)
Debt extinguishment— — (226.7)
Other0.5 0.3 (1.0)
Valuation allowance— (85.3)76.1 
10.1 %(78.4)%(82.9)%
Components of the net deferred tax assets (liabilities)
The components of the net deferred tax assets (liabilities) were as follows:
As of December 31,
(In thousands)20242023
Deferred tax assets:
Lease liabilities$6,384 $6,607 
Other timing differences, accruals and reserves3,8935,306
Deferred equity compensation6,6783,973
Net operating loss carryovers12,00314,578
Capitalized research96,73977,244
Tax credits47,96050,445
Total gross deferred tax assets173,657158,153 
Deferred tax liabilities:
Lease right-of-use assets(4,498)(4,589)
Depreciation and amortization(9,077)(5,078)
Total gross deferred tax liabilities(13,575)(9,667)
Total net deferred tax assets160,082148,486
Valuation allowance(26,790)(25,056)
Net deferred tax assets$133,292 $123,430 
As of December 31,
(In thousands)20242023
Reported as:
Non-current deferred tax assets
$136,466 $127,892 
Non-current deferred tax liabilities
(3,174)(4,462)
Net deferred tax assets$133,292 $123,430 
Summary of valuation allowance
The following table presents the tax valuation allowance information for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022:
(In thousands)Balance at Beginning of PeriodCharged (Credited) to OperationsCharged to Other Account*Valuation Allowance ReleaseBalance at End of Period
Tax Valuation Allowance
Year ended December 31, 2022$206,874 (7,233)2,242 — $201,883 
Year ended December 31, 2023$201,883 1,776 (717)(177,886)$25,056 
Year ended December 31, 2024$25,056 1,784 (50)— $26,790 
______________________________________
*    Amounts not charged to operations are charged to other comprehensive income or retained earnings.
Schedule of reconciliation of the beginning and ending amounts of unrecognized tax benefits
A reconciliation of the beginning and ending amounts of unrecognized income tax benefits for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022 was as follows:
For the Years Ended December 31,
(In thousands)202420232022
Balance as of January 1
$184,921 $164,531 $146,215 
Tax positions related to current year:
Additions
19,844 19,403 18,515 
Tax positions related to prior years:
Additions
— 1,378 — 
Reductions
(971)(391)(199)
Balance as of December 31
$203,794 $184,921 $164,531 
v3.25.0.1
Acquisitions (Tables) - Hardent, Inc.
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2024
Business acquisition  
Schedule of recognized identified assets acquired and liabilities assumed
The total consideration from the acquisition was allocated as of the Closing Date and reflects adjustments made during the measurement period to finalize the purchase price accounting, as follows:
(In thousands)Total
Cash and cash equivalents$209 
Accounts receivable1,088 
Unbilled receivables239 
Prepaid expenses and other current assets16 
Identified intangible assets5,000 
Goodwill12,069 
Accounts payable(55)
Deferred revenue(578)
Income taxes payable(466)
Deferred tax liability(1,325)
Other current liabilities(56)
Total$16,141 
Schedule of finite-lived intangible assets acquired as part of business combination
The identified intangible assets assumed in the acquisition of Hardent were recognized as follows based upon their estimated fair values as of the acquisition date:
TotalEstimated Weighted-Average Useful Life
(in thousands)(in years)
Existing technology$4,800 5 years
Customer contracts and contractual relationships200 2 years
Total$5,000 
Business acquisition, pro forma information Additionally, the pro forma financial results do not include any anticipated synergies or other expected benefits from the acquisition:
For the Year Ended
(In thousands)December 31, 2022
(unaudited)
Total revenue$457,852 
Net loss$(13,251)
v3.25.0.1
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Details)
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2024
Minimum  
License agreement, term of agreement 1 year
Long-duration contracts, assumptions by product and guarantee, discount rate 5.00%
Maximum  
License agreement, term of agreement 10 years
Long-duration contracts, assumptions by product and guarantee, discount rate 10.00%
v3.25.0.1
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Details 2)
Dec. 31, 2024
Minimum  
Lessee, Lease, Description  
Lessee, operating lease, remaining lease term 1 year
Maximum  
Lessee, Lease, Description  
Lessee, operating lease, remaining lease term 8 years
v3.25.0.1
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Details 3)
Dec. 31, 2024
Minimum  
Components of intangible assets  
Useful life (in years) 6 months
Maximum  
Components of intangible assets  
Useful life (in years) 10 years
v3.25.0.1
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Details 4)
Dec. 31, 2024
Minimum  
Property, plant and equipment  
Property, plant and equipment, estimated useful life (in years) 3 years
Maximum  
Property, plant and equipment  
Property, plant and equipment, estimated useful life (in years) 7 years
v3.25.0.1
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Details 5)
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2024
Contingently issuable ESPP shares  
Stock-Based Compensation and Equity Incentive Plans  
Discount from the fair market value (as a percentage) 15.00%
v3.25.0.1
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Details 6)
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2024
Cash equivalents and marketable securities  
Maximum maturity period of available-for-sale securities (in years) 3 years
v3.25.0.1
Recent Accounting Pronouncements (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Thousands
Dec. 31, 2024
Dec. 31, 2023
Jan. 01, 2022
Nov. 17, 2017
New accounting pronouncements or change in accounting principle        
Liabilities $ 222,444 $ 220,126    
Accumulated deficit $ (153,660) $ (285,534)    
Debt discount | Cumulative effect, period of adoption, adjustment | Accounting Standards Update 2020-06 | Convertible senior notes        
New accounting pronouncements or change in accounting principle        
Additional Paid in Capital     $ 35,200  
Additional Paid in Capital     (35,200)  
Liabilities     (8,300)  
Accumulated deficit     (26,900)  
Debt issuance costs | Cumulative effect, period of adoption, adjustment | Accounting Standards Update 2020-06 | Convertible senior notes        
New accounting pronouncements or change in accounting principle        
Additional Paid in Capital     700  
Additional Paid in Capital     (700)  
Accumulated deficit     $ (500)  
1.375% Convertible senior notes due 2023 | Convertible senior notes        
New accounting pronouncements or change in accounting principle        
Convertible notes, stated interest rate (as a percentage)       1.375%
v3.25.0.1
Revenue Recognition (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Thousands
Dec. 31, 2024
Dec. 31, 2023
Revenue from Contract with Customer [Abstract]    
Unbilled receivables $ 29,104 $ 55,295
Deferred revenue $ 21,852 $ 18,085
v3.25.0.1
Revenue Recognition (Details 2) - USD ($)
$ in Millions
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2024
Dec. 31, 2023
Revenue from Contract with Customer [Abstract]    
Contract balances, revenue recognized $ 17.5 $ 20.8
v3.25.0.1
Revenue Recognition (Details 3)
$ in Millions
Dec. 31, 2024
USD ($)
Revenue from Contract with Customer [Abstract]  
Remaining performance obligations $ 25.7
Remaining performance obligation, expected timing of satisfaction, start date: 2025-01-01  
Remaining performance obligation, expected timing of satisfaction  
Remaining performance obligations, expected timing of satisfaction period 2 years
v3.25.0.1
Earnings (Loss) Per Share (Details) - USD ($)
$ / shares in Units, shares in Thousands, $ in Thousands
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2024
Dec. 31, 2023
Dec. 31, 2022
Numerator:      
Net income (loss) $ 179,821 $ 333,904 $ (14,310)
Denominator:      
Weighted-average common shares outstanding, basic (in shares) 107,438 108,183 109,472
Effect of potential dilutive common shares 1,603 2,706 0
Denominator:      
Weighted-average common shares outstanding, diluted (in shares) 109,041 110,889 109,472
Basic net income (loss) per share $ 1.67 $ 3.09 $ (0.13)
Diluted net income (loss) per share $ 1.65 $ 3.01 $ (0.13)
v3.25.0.1
Earnings (Loss) Per Share (Details 2)
shares in Thousands
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2022
shares
Anti-dilutive shares excluded from calculation of earnings per share  
Anti-dilutive shares excluded from calculation of earnings per share 2,818
Stock options  
Anti-dilutive shares excluded from calculation of earnings per share  
Anti-dilutive shares excluded from calculation of earnings per share 282
Restricted stock units  
Anti-dilutive shares excluded from calculation of earnings per share  
Anti-dilutive shares excluded from calculation of earnings per share 2,361
Potentially issuable shares related to the in-the-money conversion benefit feature of convertible notes  
Anti-dilutive shares excluded from calculation of earnings per share  
Anti-dilutive shares excluded from calculation of earnings per share 175
v3.25.0.1
Earnings (Loss) Per Share (Narrative) (Details) - 1.375% Convertible senior notes due 2023 - Convertible senior notes - USD ($)
shares in Millions, $ in Millions
3 Months Ended
Mar. 31, 2023
Dec. 31, 2022
Anti-dilutive shares excluded from calculation of earnings per share    
Issuance of common stock in connection with the maturity of the convertible senior notes related to the settlement of the in-the-money conversion feature of the convertible senior notes (in shares) 0.3  
Carrying value   $ 10.4
v3.25.0.1
Intangible Assets and Goodwill (Goodwill Information) (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Thousands
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2024
Dec. 31, 2023
Goodwill and Intangible Assets Disclosure [Abstract]    
Beginning balance $ 286,812 $ 292,040
Adjustment to goodwill 0  
Divestiture of goodwill   (5,228)
Ending balance $ 286,812 $ 286,812
v3.25.0.1
Intangible Assets and Goodwill (Details 2) - USD ($)
$ in Thousands
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2024
Dec. 31, 2023
Sep. 30, 2023
Components of intangible assets      
Intangible assets, gross $ 325,797 $ 331,908  
Accumulated amortization (308,738) (303,139)  
Intangible assets, net $ 17,059 28,769  
Divestiture, not discontinued operations | PHY IP Group      
Components of intangible assets      
Disposal of intangible assets, noncurrent     $ 7,400
Minimum      
Components of intangible assets      
Useful life (in years) 6 months    
Maximum      
Components of intangible assets      
Useful life (in years) 10 years    
In-process research and development      
Components of intangible assets      
In-process research and development   7,400  
In-process research and development | Divestiture, not discontinued operations | PHY IP Group      
Components of intangible assets      
Disposal of intangible assets, noncurrent     $ 3,800
Existing technology      
Components of intangible assets      
Gross carrying amount $ 288,001 286,712  
Accumulated amortization (270,954) (265,756)  
Finite-lived intangible assets $ 17,047 $ 20,956  
Existing technology | Minimum      
Components of intangible assets      
Useful life (in years) 3 years 3 years  
Existing technology | Maximum      
Components of intangible assets      
Useful life (in years) 10 years 10 years  
Existing technology | PLDA Group      
Components of intangible assets      
Useful life (in years) 5 years    
Finite-lived intangible assets, period increase (decrease) $ 7,400    
Customer contracts and contractual relationships      
Components of intangible assets      
Gross carrying amount 37,496 $ 37,496  
Accumulated amortization (37,484) (37,083)  
Finite-lived intangible assets $ 12 $ 413  
Customer contracts and contractual relationships | Minimum      
Components of intangible assets      
Useful life (in years) 6 months 6 months  
Customer contracts and contractual relationships | Maximum      
Components of intangible assets      
Useful life (in years) 10 years 10 years  
Non-compete agreements and trademarks      
Components of intangible assets      
Gross carrying amount $ 300 $ 300  
Accumulated amortization (300) (300)  
Finite-lived intangible assets $ 0 $ 0  
Useful life (in years) 3 years 3 years  
v3.25.0.1
Intangible Assets and Goodwill (Details 3) - USD ($)
$ in Thousands
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2024
Dec. 31, 2023
Dec. 31, 2022
Goodwill and Intangible Assets Disclosure [Abstract]      
Amortization of intangible assets $ 11,710 $ 14,741 $ 15,610
v3.25.0.1
Intangible Assets and Goodwill (Details 4) - USD ($)
$ in Thousands
Dec. 31, 2024
Dec. 31, 2023
Estimated future amortization expense of intangible assets    
2025 $ 7,226  
2026 5,191  
2027 1,929  
2028 1,480  
2029 1,233  
Intangible assets, net $ 17,059 $ 28,769
v3.25.0.1
Segment Information - Schedule of Segment Information (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Thousands
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2024
Dec. 31, 2023
Dec. 31, 2022
Segment reporting information      
Impairment of assets $ 1,071 $ 10,045 $ 0
Interest and other income (expense), net 17,034 33,521 (84,767)
Change in fair value of earn-out liability (5,044) 9,234 3,111
Restructuring charges 0 (9,368) 0
Loss on fair value adjustment of derivatives 0 (240) (10,585)
Gain on sale of non-marketable equity security 0 23,924 0
Gain on divestiture 0 90,784 0
Loss on extinguishment of debt 0 0 (83,626)
Provision for (benefit from) income taxes (20,222) 146,744 (6,485)
Net income (loss) 179,821 333,904 (14,310)
Reportable Segment      
Segment reporting information      
Total revenue 556,624 461,117 454,793
Adjusted cost of revenue (98,368) (89,322) (93,101)
Adjusted research and development (146,431) (140,793) (142,853)
Adjusted sales, general and administrative (76,038) (76,669) (78,335)
Stock-based compensation expense (44,879) (45,011) (35,552)
Amortization of acquired intangible assets (11,710) (14,741) (15,610)
Impairment of assets (1,071) (10,045) 0
Acquisition and divestiture-related costs (162) (1,625) (7,179)
Interest and other income (expense), net 17,034 33,521 (84,767)
Change in fair value of earn-out liability 5,044 (9,234) (3,111)
Restructuring charges 0 (9,368) 0
Gain on divestiture 0 90,784 0
Other 0 (1,454) (2,110)
Provision for (benefit from) income taxes (20,222) 146,744 (6,485)
Net income (loss) $ 179,821 $ 333,904 $ (14,310)
v3.25.0.1
Segment Information - Schedule of Significant Expense Category (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Thousands
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2024
Dec. 31, 2023
Dec. 31, 2022
Segment Reporting [Abstract]      
Payroll and benefits $ 129,228 $ 123,056 $ 124,130
Variable research and development expenses 27,342 28,228 29,482
Professional fees 20,055 22,148 21,524
Temporary labor services and consulting expenses 14,264 13,577 17,276
Facilities costs 11,853 12,347 11,205
Amortization and depreciation 10,076 10,144 9,265
Other expenses 9,651 7,962 8,306
Total adjusted operating expenses $ 222,469 $ 217,462 $ 221,188
v3.25.0.1
Segment Information (Details) - Customer concentration risk - Accounts receivable
Dec. 31, 2024
Dec. 31, 2023
Customer 1    
Concentration risk    
Accounts receivable from major customer as a percentage of total accounts receivable 39.00% 49.00%
Customer 2    
Concentration risk    
Accounts receivable from major customer as a percentage of total accounts receivable 17.00% 13.00%
Customer 3    
Concentration risk    
Accounts receivable from major customer as a percentage of total accounts receivable   12.00%
v3.25.0.1
Segment Information (Details 2) - Customer concentration risk - Revenue
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2024
Dec. 31, 2023
Dec. 31, 2022
Customer A      
Concentration risk      
Revenue from major customer as a percentage of total revenue 23.00% 27.00%  
Customer B      
Concentration risk      
Revenue from major customer as a percentage of total revenue 17.00% 18.00% 19.00%
Customer C      
Concentration risk      
Revenue from major customer as a percentage of total revenue 12.00%   17.00%
Customer D      
Concentration risk      
Revenue from major customer as a percentage of total revenue     14.00%
v3.25.0.1
Segment Information (Details 3) - USD ($)
$ in Thousands
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2024
Dec. 31, 2023
Dec. 31, 2022
Major customer disclosure      
Revenue $ 556,624 $ 461,117 $ 454,793
Property and equipment, net 75,509 67,808  
United States      
Major customer disclosure      
Revenue 201,466 176,821 277,776
Property and equipment, net 70,400 64,100  
South Korea      
Major customer disclosure      
Revenue 197,515 152,328 7,222
Singapore      
Major customer disclosure      
Revenue 67,318 53,327 57,309
Other countries      
Major customer disclosure      
Revenue 90,325 78,641 $ 112,486
India      
Major customer disclosure      
Property and equipment, net 2,600 3,000  
Other foreign locations      
Major customer disclosure      
Property and equipment, net $ 2,500 $ 700  
v3.25.0.1
Marketable Securities (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Thousands
Dec. 31, 2024
Dec. 31, 2023
Dec. 31, 2022
Cash and cash equivalents      
Total cash and cash equivalents, fair value $ 99,775 $ 94,767 $ 125,334
Cash and cash equivalents 99,774 94,767  
Gross unrealized gains 1 0  
Gross unrealized losses 0 0  
Marketable securities      
Fair value 382,023 331,077  
Amortized cost 381,989 331,281  
Gross unrealized gains 305 413  
Gross unrealized losses (271) (617)  
Cash, cash equivalents and marketable securities      
Fair value 481,798 425,844  
Amortized cost 481,763 426,048  
Gross unrealized gains 306 413  
Gross unrealized losses (271) (617)  
Time deposits      
Marketable securities      
Fair value 12,870    
Amortized cost 12,870    
Gross unrealized gains 0    
Gross unrealized losses 0    
U.S. Government bonds and notes      
Marketable securities      
Fair value 220,056 194,428  
Amortized cost 220,034 194,389  
Gross unrealized gains 184 251  
Gross unrealized losses (162) (212)  
Corporate bonds, commercial paper and notes      
Marketable securities      
Fair value 149,097 136,649  
Amortized cost 149,085 136,892  
Gross unrealized gains 121 162  
Gross unrealized losses (109) (405)  
Cash      
Cash and cash equivalents      
Fair value 87,415 88,486  
Amortized cost 87,415 88,486  
Money market funds      
Cash and cash equivalents      
Fair value 6,025 3,790  
Amortized cost 6,025 3,790  
Gross unrealized gains 0 0  
Gross unrealized losses 0 0  
U.S. Government bonds and notes      
Marketable securities      
Fair value   2,491  
Amortized cost   2,491  
Gross unrealized gains   0  
Gross unrealized losses   0  
Corporate bonds, commercial paper and notes      
Cash and cash equivalents      
Fair value 6,335    
Amortized cost 6,334    
Gross unrealized gains 1    
Gross unrealized losses 0    
Cash equivalents      
Cash and cash equivalents      
Fair value 12,360 6,281  
Amortized cost 12,359 6,281  
Gross unrealized gains 1 0  
Gross unrealized losses $ 0 $ 0  
v3.25.0.1
Marketable Securities (Details 2) - USD ($)
$ in Thousands
Dec. 31, 2024
Dec. 31, 2023
Dec. 31, 2022
Debt securities, available-for-sale      
Cash and cash equivalents $ 99,775 $ 94,767 $ 125,334
Marketable securities 382,023 331,077  
Total cash, cash equivalents and marketable securities 481,798 425,844  
Marketable securities      
Debt securities, available-for-sale      
Marketable securities 382,023 331,077  
Cash      
Debt securities, available-for-sale      
Cash 87,415 88,486  
Cash equivalents      
Debt securities, available-for-sale      
Cash Equivalents $ 12,360 $ 6,281  
v3.25.0.1
Marketable Securities (Details 3) - USD ($)
$ in Thousands
Dec. 31, 2024
Dec. 31, 2023
Debt securities, available-for-sale    
Less than 12 Months, fair value $ 131,522 $ 78,861
Less than 12 months, gross unrealized loss (271) (93)
12 months or greater, fair value 0 23,460
12 months or greater, gross unrealized losses 0 (524)
Fair value 131,522 102,321
Gross unrealized losses (271) (617)
U.S. Government bonds and notes    
Debt securities, available-for-sale    
Less than 12 Months, fair value 83,162 32,454
Less than 12 months, gross unrealized loss (162) (53)
12 months or greater, fair value 0 6,841
12 months or greater, gross unrealized losses 0 (159)
Corporate bonds, commercial paper and notes    
Debt securities, available-for-sale    
Less than 12 Months, fair value 48,360 46,407
Less than 12 months, gross unrealized loss (109) (40)
12 months or greater, fair value 0 16,619
12 months or greater, gross unrealized losses $ 0 $ (365)
v3.25.0.1
Marketable Securities (Details 4)
$ in Thousands
Dec. 31, 2024
USD ($)
Contractual maturities  
Contractual maturities, fair value, due less than one year $ 294,611
Contractual maturities, fair value, due from one year through three years 93,747
Contractual maturities, fair value $ 388,358
v3.25.0.1
Fair Value of Financial Instruments (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Thousands
Dec. 31, 2024
Dec. 31, 2023
Assets carried at fair value    
Fair value $ 382,023 $ 331,077
Time deposits    
Assets carried at fair value    
Fair value 12,870  
U.S. Government bonds and notes    
Assets carried at fair value    
Fair value 220,056 194,428
Corporate bonds, commercial paper and notes    
Assets carried at fair value    
Fair value 149,097 136,649
Recurring basis    
Assets carried at fair value    
Total assets carried at fair value 394,383 337,358
Liabilities carried at fair value    
Earn-out consideration related to PLDA acquisition   12,500
Total liabilities carried at fair value   12,500
Recurring basis | Money market funds    
Assets carried at fair value    
Fair value 6,025 3,790
Recurring basis | Time deposits    
Assets carried at fair value    
Fair value 12,870  
Recurring basis | U.S. Government bonds and notes    
Assets carried at fair value    
Fair value 220,056 196,919
Recurring basis | Corporate bonds, commercial paper and notes    
Assets carried at fair value    
Fair value 155,432 136,649
Recurring basis | Quoted market prices in active markets (Level 1)    
Assets carried at fair value    
Total assets carried at fair value 6,025 3,790
Liabilities carried at fair value    
Earn-out consideration related to PLDA acquisition   0
Total liabilities carried at fair value   0
Recurring basis | Quoted market prices in active markets (Level 1) | Money market funds    
Assets carried at fair value    
Fair value 6,025 3,790
Recurring basis | Quoted market prices in active markets (Level 1) | Time deposits    
Assets carried at fair value    
Fair value 0  
Recurring basis | Quoted market prices in active markets (Level 1) | U.S. Government bonds and notes    
Assets carried at fair value    
Fair value 0 0
Recurring basis | Quoted market prices in active markets (Level 1) | Corporate bonds, commercial paper and notes    
Assets carried at fair value    
Fair value 0 0
Recurring basis | Significant other observable inputs (Level 2)    
Assets carried at fair value    
Total assets carried at fair value 388,358 333,568
Liabilities carried at fair value    
Earn-out consideration related to PLDA acquisition   0
Total liabilities carried at fair value   0
Recurring basis | Significant other observable inputs (Level 2) | Money market funds    
Assets carried at fair value    
Fair value 0 0
Recurring basis | Significant other observable inputs (Level 2) | Time deposits    
Assets carried at fair value    
Fair value 12,870  
Recurring basis | Significant other observable inputs (Level 2) | U.S. Government bonds and notes    
Assets carried at fair value    
Fair value 220,056 196,919
Recurring basis | Significant other observable inputs (Level 2) | Corporate bonds, commercial paper and notes    
Assets carried at fair value    
Fair value 155,432 136,649
Recurring basis | Significant unobservable inputs (Level 3)    
Assets carried at fair value    
Total assets carried at fair value 0 0
Liabilities carried at fair value    
Earn-out consideration related to PLDA acquisition   12,500
Total liabilities carried at fair value   12,500
Recurring basis | Significant unobservable inputs (Level 3) | Money market funds    
Assets carried at fair value    
Fair value 0 0
Recurring basis | Significant unobservable inputs (Level 3) | Time deposits    
Assets carried at fair value    
Fair value 0  
Recurring basis | Significant unobservable inputs (Level 3) | U.S. Government bonds and notes    
Assets carried at fair value    
Fair value 0 0
Recurring basis | Significant unobservable inputs (Level 3) | Corporate bonds, commercial paper and notes    
Assets carried at fair value    
Fair value $ 0 $ 0
v3.25.0.1
Fair Value of Financial Instruments (Details 2) - Earn-out liability - Significant unobservable inputs (Level 3) - Recurring basis - USD ($)
$ in Thousands
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2024
Dec. 31, 2023
Dec. 31, 2022
Fair value, liabilities measured on recurring basis, unobservable input reconciliation, roll forward      
Balance as of beginning of period $ 12,500 $ 14,800 $ 16,900
Change in fair value of earn-out liability due to remeasurement (5,044) 9,234 3,111
Change in fair value of earn-out liability due to achievement of revenue target (7,456) (11,534) (5,211)
Balance as of end of period $ 0 $ 12,500 $ 14,800
v3.25.0.1
Fair Value of Financial Instruments (Narrative) (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Thousands
3 Months Ended 12 Months Ended
Mar. 31, 2024
Dec. 31, 2023
Dec. 31, 2024
Dec. 31, 2023
Dec. 31, 2022
Equity security without readily determinable fair value          
Gain on sale of non-marketable equity security, net     $ 0 $ 23,924 $ 0
Proceeds from sale of non-marketable equity security     22,796 $ 0 0
Gain on sale of equity security         3,500
Private company          
Equity security without readily determinable fair value          
Non-marketable equity security, ownership percentage   25.00%   25.00%  
Sale of equity method investment, total consideration transferred   $ 25,000      
Realized gain on sale of equity method investment, gross   25,000      
Transaction costs   1,100      
Gain on sale of non-marketable equity security, net   $ 23,900      
Proceeds from sale of non-marketable equity security $ 22,800        
Recurring basis | Significant unobservable inputs (Level 3) | Earn-out liability          
Equity security without readily determinable fair value          
Change in fair value of earn-out liability due to remeasurement     $ (5,044) $ 9,234 $ 3,111
v3.25.0.1
Leases (Operating Lease Maturities) (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Thousands
Dec. 31, 2024
Dec. 31, 2023
Leases [Abstract]    
2025 $ 7,105  
2026 7,421  
2027 5,906  
2028 4,773  
2029 4,790  
Thereafter 4,661  
Total minimum lease payments 34,656  
Less: amount of lease payments representing interest (4,505)  
Present value of future minimum lease payments 30,151  
Operating lease liabilities (5,617) $ (4,453)
Long-term operating lease liabilities $ 24,534 $ 26,255
v3.25.0.1
Leases (Additional Details) (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Millions
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2024
Dec. 31, 2023
Dec. 31, 2022
Leases [Abstract]      
Operating lease, weighted-average remaining lease term 5 years 3 months 18 days    
Operating lease, weighted-average discount rate (as a percentage) 7.60%    
Operating lease cost $ 5.5 $ 6.0 $ 7.5
Operating lease payments $ 6.1 $ 6.7 $ 8.6
v3.25.0.1
Balance Sheet Details (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Thousands
Dec. 31, 2024
Dec. 31, 2023
Inventory    
Raw materials $ 14,777 $ 17,483
Work in process 9,646 5,299
Finished goods 20,211 13,372
Inventories 44,634 36,154
Inventory reserves $ 6,700 $ 6,000
v3.25.0.1
Balance Sheet Details (Details 2) - USD ($)
$ in Thousands
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2024
Dec. 31, 2023
Dec. 31, 2022
Property, plant and equipment, net      
Property, plant and equipment, gross $ 186,157 $ 156,901  
Less accumulated depreciation and amortization (110,648) (89,093)  
Property, plant and equipment, net 75,509 67,808  
Depreciation expense 26,100 37,700 $ 26,000
Computer software      
Property, plant and equipment, net      
Property, plant and equipment, gross 44,745 44,226  
Computer equipment      
Property, plant and equipment, net      
Property, plant and equipment, gross 38,282 36,198  
Leasehold improvements      
Property, plant and equipment, net      
Property, plant and equipment, gross 31,973 27,810  
Machinery      
Property, plant and equipment, net      
Property, plant and equipment, gross 49,204 30,446  
Furniture and fixtures      
Property, plant and equipment, net      
Property, plant and equipment, gross 14,164 12,561  
Construction in progress      
Property, plant and equipment, net      
Property, plant and equipment, gross $ 7,789 $ 5,660  
v3.25.0.1
Balance Sheet Details (Details 3) - USD ($)
$ in Thousands
Dec. 31, 2024
Dec. 31, 2023
Other Liabilities, Current [Abstract]    
EDA tools software licenses liability $ 8,438 $ 14,566
Price protection liability 4,677 6,563
Other current liabilities 4,198 5,469
Total other current liabilities $ 17,313 $ 26,598
v3.25.0.1
Balance Sheet Details (Details 4) - USD ($)
$ in Thousands
Dec. 31, 2024
Dec. 31, 2023
Accumulated other comprehensive income (Loss)    
Foreign currency translation adjustments $ (1,144) $ (913)
Unrealized gain (loss) on available-for-sale securities, net of tax (116) (356)
Total $ (1,260) $ (1,269)
v3.25.0.1
Convertible Notes (Narrative) (Details) - USD ($)
$ / shares in Units, shares in Thousands, $ in Thousands
1 Months Ended 3 Months Ended 12 Months Ended
Aug. 25, 2022
Aug. 11, 2022
Apr. 01, 2022
Mar. 31, 2022
Mar. 02, 2022
Mar. 29, 2022
Mar. 31, 2023
Sep. 30, 2022
Mar. 31, 2022
Dec. 31, 2024
Dec. 31, 2023
Dec. 31, 2022
Debt instrument                        
Loss on extinguishment of debt                   $ 0 $ 0 $ 83,626
Loss on fair value adjustment of derivatives, net                   $ 0 $ 240 10,585
Common stock                        
Debt instrument                        
Issuance of common stock in connection with the maturity of the convertible senior notes related to the settlement of the in-the-money conversion feature of the convertible senior notes (in shares)                     284  
1.375% Convertible senior notes due 2023 | Convertible senior notes                        
Debt instrument                        
Face value                       $ 10,400
Repayments of convertible debt             $ 10,400          
Issuance of common stock in connection with the maturity of the convertible senior notes related to the settlement of the in-the-money conversion feature of the convertible senior notes (in shares)             300          
1.375% Convertible senior notes due 2023 | Convertible senior notes | 2023 Notes Partial Repurchase, first quarter 2022                        
Debt instrument                        
Repayments of convertible debt       $ 174,500 $ 199,100              
Repurchased convertible debt, face amount       $ 107,900 $ 123,100       $ 107,900      
Debt, volume-weighted average price           $ 29.6789            
Loss on extinguishment of debt                 66,500      
Loss on fair value adjustment of derivatives, net                 $ 8,300      
1.375% Convertible senior notes due 2023 | Convertible senior notes | 2023 Notes Partial Repurchase, first quarter 2022 | Remainder of 2023 Notes Partial Repurchase                        
Debt instrument                        
Repayments of convertible debt     $ 24,600                  
Repurchased convertible debt, face amount     $ 15,200                  
1.375% Convertible senior notes due 2023 | Convertible senior notes | 2023 Notes Partial Repurchase, third quarter 2022                        
Debt instrument                        
Repayments of convertible debt   $ 58,900                    
Repurchased convertible debt, face amount   $ 39,000                    
Debt, volume-weighted average price $ 27.8456                      
Loss on extinguishment of debt               $ 17,100        
Loss on fair value adjustment of derivatives, net               $ 2,300        
v3.25.0.1
Convertible Notes (Narrative) (Details 2) - USD ($)
shares in Thousands, $ in Thousands
3 Months Ended 12 Months Ended
Mar. 31, 2023
Sep. 30, 2022
Mar. 31, 2022
Dec. 31, 2024
Dec. 31, 2023
Dec. 31, 2022
Debt instrument            
Proceeds from retirement of convertible senior note hedges   $ 19,300 $ 72,400 $ 0 $ 0 $ 91,729
Payments for settlement of warrants $ (10,700) $ (14,400) $ (55,100) 0 (10,697) (69,528)
Loss on fair value adjustment of derivatives, net       $ 0 $ (240) $ (10,585)
Common stock            
Debt instrument            
Exercise of the convertible senior note hedges in connection with the conversion of convertible senior notes and retirement of the corresponding shares (in shares) 300       284  
v3.25.0.1
Commitments and Contingencies (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Thousands
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2024
Dec. 31, 2023
Dec. 31, 2022
Dec. 31, 2021
Contractual obligations        
2025 [1],[2] $ 10,066      
2026 [1],[2] 1,621      
2027 [1],[2] 875      
2028 [1],[2] 0      
2029 [1],[2] 0      
Total contractual obligation [1],[2] 12,562      
Unrecognized tax benefit excluding foreign tax withholdings 132,200      
Unrecognized tax benefits 203,794 $ 184,921 $ 164,531 $ 146,215
Unrecognized tax benefits, including interest        
Contractual obligations        
Unrecognized tax benefits   185,700    
Long-term deferred tax assets        
Contractual obligations        
Unrecognized tax benefits 22,800 31,700    
Long-term income taxes payable        
Contractual obligations        
Unrecognized tax benefits 106,200 $ 78,900    
Long-term income taxes payable | Unrecognized tax benefits, including interest        
Contractual obligations        
Unrecognized tax benefits 109,400      
Software licenses        
Contractual obligations        
2025 [1],[2],[3] 9,675      
2026 [1],[2],[3] 1,484      
2027 [1],[2],[3] 875      
2028 [1],[2],[3] 0      
2029 [1],[2],[3] 0      
Total contractual obligation [1],[2],[3] $ 12,034      
Terms of noncancellable license agreement, minimum (in years) 1 year      
Other contractual commitments        
Contractual obligations        
2025 [1],[2] $ 131      
2026 [1],[2] 137      
2027 [1],[2] 0      
2028 [1],[2] 0      
2029 [1],[2] 0      
Total contractual obligation [1],[2] 268      
Acquisition retention bonuses        
Contractual obligations        
2025 [1],[2],[4] 260      
2026 [1],[2],[4] 0      
2027 [1],[2],[4] 0      
2028 [1],[2],[4] 0      
2029 [1],[2],[4] 0      
Total contractual obligation [1],[2],[4] $ 260      
[1] For the Company’s lease commitments as of December 31, 2024, refer to Note 10, “Leases.”
[2] The above table does not reflect possible payments in connection with unrecognized tax benefits of approximately $132.2 million, including $22.8 million recorded as a reduction of long-term deferred tax assets and $109.4 million in long-term income taxes payable, as of December 31, 2024. As noted below in Note 18, “Income Taxes,” although it is possible that some of the unrecognized tax benefits could be settled within the next 12 months, the Company cannot reasonably estimate the timing of the outcome at this time.
[3] The Company has commitments with various software vendors for agreements generally having terms longer than one year.
[4] In connection with the acquisitions of Hardent in the second quarter of 2022 and PLDA in the third quarter of 2021, the Company is obligated to pay retention bonuses to certain employees subject to certain eligibility and acceleration provisions, including the condition of employment.
v3.25.0.1
Equity Incentive Plans and Stock-Based Compensation (Details) - shares
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2024
Dec. 31, 2023
Dec. 31, 2022
Stock compensation plan      
Shares available for grant      
Shares available as of beginning of period 11,954,150 7,655,769 10,492,178
Number of additional shares authorized [1]   5,210,000  
Nonvested equity stock and stock units granted (in shares) [3] (1,482,074) [2] (2,082,334) [4] (4,107,633) [5]
Nonvested equity stock and stock units forfeited (in shares) [3] 416,677 1,170,715 1,271,224
Options expired 1,125    
Shares available as of end of period 10,889,878 11,954,150 7,655,769
Stock compensation plan | Award date, period 1      
Shares available for grant      
Conversion factor used to calculate the decrease in the number of shares available for grant resulting from the grant of restricted stock awards 1.5    
Conversion factor used to calculate the increase in the number of shares available for grant resulting from the forfeiture of restricted stock awards 1.5    
Stock compensation plan | Award date, period 2      
Shares available for grant      
Conversion factor used to calculate the decrease in the number of shares available for grant resulting from the grant of restricted stock awards 1.0    
Conversion factor used to calculate the increase in the number of shares available for grant resulting from the forfeiture of restricted stock awards 1.0    
Potential additional performance stock units      
Shares available for grant      
Nonvested equity stock and stock units granted (in shares) 200,000 200,000 600,000
[1] On April 27, 2023, the Company’s stockholders approved these additional shares to be reserved for issuance under the 2015 Plan.
[2] Amount includes approximately 0.2 million shares that have been reserved for potential future issuance related to certain performance unit awards granted in 2024 and discussed under the section titled “Nonvested Equity Stock and Stock Units” below.
[3] For purposes of determining the number of shares available for grant under the 2015 Plan against the maximum number of shares authorized, each restricted stock unit granted prior to April 27, 2023 reduces the number of shares available for grant by 1.5 shares and each restricted stock unit forfeited increases shares available for grant by 1.5 shares. Each restricted stock unit granted on or after April 27, 2023 reduces the number of shares available for grant by 1.0 share and each restricted stock unit forfeited increases shares available for grant by 1.0 share.
[4] Amount includes approximately 0.2 million shares that have been reserved for potential future issuance related to certain performance unit awards granted in 2023 and discussed under the section titled “Nonvested Equity Stock and Stock Units” below.
[5] Amount includes approximately 0.6 million shares that have been reserved for potential future issuance related to certain performance unit awards granted in 2022 and discussed under the section titled “Nonvested Equity Stock and Stock Units” below.
v3.25.0.1
Equity Incentive Plans and Stock-Based Compensation (Details 2) - Stock options - USD ($)
$ / shares in Units, $ in Thousands
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2024
Dec. 31, 2023
Dec. 31, 2022
Number of shares      
Outstanding as of beginning of period 124,732 432,443 549,581
Options exercised (33,607) (307,711) (117,138)
Options expired (1,125)    
Outstanding as of end of period 90,000 124,732 432,443
Weighted-average exercise price      
Outstanding as of beginning of period $ 11.60 $ 11.60 $ 10.71
Options exercised 9.42 11.61 7.43
Options expired 8.76    
Outstanding and vested as of end of period $ 12.45 $ 11.60 $ 11.60
Weighted-average remaining contractual term (in years)      
Outstanding and vested as of end of period 3 years 6 months 10 days    
Aggregate intrinsic value      
Options exercised $ 1,460    
Outstanding and vested as of end of period $ 3,637    
v3.25.0.1
Equity Incentive Plans and Stock-Based Compensation (Details 3) - $ / shares
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2024
Dec. 31, 2023
Dec. 31, 2022
Stock options      
Valuation assumptions      
Dividend yield     0.00%
Contingently issuable ESPP shares      
Valuation assumptions      
Expected stock price volatility rate, minimum 47.00% 48.00% 40.00%
Expected stock price volatility rate, maximum 54.00% 53.00% 44.00%
Risk free interest rate, minimum 4.42% 5.14% 1.49%
Risk free interest rate, maximum 5.43% 5.51% 4.58%
Expected term 6 months 6 months 6 months
Weighted-average fair value of purchase rights granted under the purchase plan $ 14.96 $ 14.86 $ 8.02
v3.25.0.1
Equity Incentive Plans and Stock-Based Compensation (Details 4) - Nonvested equity stock and stock units - $ / shares
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2024
Dec. 31, 2023
Dec. 31, 2022
Nonvested equity stock and stock units      
Nonvested as of beginning of period 3,430,192 4,718,060 4,718,385
Granted 1,312,367 1,268,973 2,338,255
Vested (1,289,945) (1,797,002) (1,853,260)
Forfeited (302,453) (759,839) (485,320)
Nonvested as of end of period 3,150,161 3,430,192 4,718,060
Weighted-average grant-date fair value      
Nonvested as of beginning of period $ 32.90 $ 22.78 $ 16.62
Granted 57.03 46.93 28.10
Vested 27.14 18.07 14.42
Forfeited 39.07 28.60 20.48
Nonvested as of end of period $ 44.72 $ 32.90 $ 22.78
v3.25.0.1
Equity Incentive Plans and Stock-Based Compensation (Details Narrative)
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2024
USD ($)
plan
$ / shares
shares
Dec. 31, 2023
USD ($)
$ / shares
shares
Dec. 31, 2022
USD ($)
$ / shares
shares
Dec. 31, 2021
shares
Stock-Based Compensation        
Tenure of award 10 years      
Option One        
Stock-Based Compensation        
Requisite service period 60 months      
Option Two        
Stock-Based Compensation        
Requisite service period 48 months      
Stock compensation plan        
Stock-Based Compensation        
Shares available for issuance | shares 10,889,878 11,954,150 7,655,769 10,492,178
Contingently issuable ESPP shares        
Stock-Based Compensation        
Number of employee stock purchase plans | plan 1      
Minimum number of hours of weekly employment in order to qualify for eligibility in the plan 20 hours      
Minimum number of months of employment in a fiscal year in order to qualify for eligibility in the plan 5 months      
Offering period 6 months      
Percentage of the price at the beginning of the offering period or price at the end of each offering period to derive purchase price 85.00%      
Maximum share value per employee in any calendar year $ 25,000      
Employee stock purchase plan, shares issued during period | shares 119,350 172,711 255,614  
Employee stock purchase plan, weighted-average price per share | $ / shares $ 43.14 $ 31.10 $ 20.60  
Shares available for issuance | shares 2,300,000      
Stock-based compensation expense $ 1,900,000 $ 1,800,000 $ 1,700,000  
Unrecognized compensation cost $ 1,000,000      
Unrecognized compensation cost, weighted-average period 4 months      
Stock options        
Stock-Based Compensation        
Total fair value of options vested $ 0 $ 500,000 $ 1,700,000  
Nonvested equity stock and stock units        
Stock-Based Compensation        
Requisite service period 4 years 4 years 4 years  
Stock-based compensation expense $ 43,000,000 $ 43,100,000 $ 33,800,000  
Unrecognized compensation cost $ 79,900,000      
Unrecognized compensation cost, weighted-average period 1 year 10 months 24 days      
Awards, nonvested grants in period | shares 1,312,367 1,268,973 2,338,255  
Awards, nonvested grants in period, fair value $ 74,800,000 $ 60,700,000 $ 65,600,000  
Nonvested equity stock and stock units | Minimum        
Stock-Based Compensation        
Awards, vesting rights 0.00%      
Nonvested equity stock and stock units | Maximum        
Stock-Based Compensation        
Awards, vesting rights 200.00%      
Nonvested equity stock and stock units | Director        
Stock-Based Compensation        
Requisite service period 1 year 1 year 1 year  
v3.25.0.1
Stockholders' Equity (Details) - 2020 Share repurchase program - USD ($)
$ in Millions
Dec. 31, 2024
Sep. 30, 2024
Nov. 02, 2023
Oct. 29, 2020
Class of stock        
Number of shares authorized to be repurchased under the plan       20,000,000
Amount authorized to be repurchased   $ 100.0 $ 50.0  
Amount authorized to be repurchased per quarter, maximum   $ 50.0 $ 25.0  
Remaining number of shares authorized to be repurchased 5,700,000      
v3.25.0.1
Stockholders' Equity (Details 2) - USD ($)
$ in Thousands, shares in Millions
3 Months Ended 12 Months Ended
Mar. 18, 2024
Mar. 01, 2024
Sep. 22, 2023
Aug. 11, 2023
Mar. 31, 2024
Sep. 30, 2023
Dec. 31, 2022
Sep. 30, 2022
Dec. 31, 2024
Dec. 31, 2023
Dec. 31, 2022
Class of stock                      
Repurchase and retirement of common stock under repurchase program                 $ (113,699) $ (100,526) $ (100,421)
2020 Share repurchase program                      
Class of stock                      
Repurchase and retirement of common stock under repurchase program (in shares)                 (1.4)    
Repurchase and retirement of common stock under repurchase program                 $ (63,100)    
Accumulated deficit                      
Class of stock                      
Repurchase and retirement of common stock under repurchase program                 $ (47,947) $ (94,742) $ (90,140)
2022 Accelerated share repurchase program                      
Class of stock                      
Accelerated share repurchase program, upfront payment               $ 100,000      
Repurchase and retirement of common stock under repurchase program (in shares)             (0.1) (3.1)      
Repurchase and retirement of common stock under repurchase program               $ (80,000)      
Remaining initial payment, unsettled forward contract indexed to Company's stock               $ 20,000      
2023 Accelerated share repurchase program                      
Class of stock                      
Accelerated share repurchase program, upfront payment           $ 100,000          
Repurchase and retirement of common stock under repurchase program (in shares)     (0.2) (1.6)              
Repurchase and retirement of common stock under repurchase program           (80,000)          
Remaining initial payment, unsettled forward contract indexed to Company's stock           $ 20,000          
2024 Accelerated share repurchase program                      
Class of stock                      
Accelerated share repurchase program, upfront payment         $ 50,000            
Repurchase and retirement of common stock under repurchase program (in shares) (0.1) (0.7)                  
Repurchase and retirement of common stock under repurchase program         (40,000)            
Remaining initial payment, unsettled forward contract indexed to Company's stock         $ 10,000            
v3.25.0.1
Benefit Plans (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Millions
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2024
Dec. 31, 2023
Dec. 31, 2022
Retirement Benefits [Abstract]      
Employee contribution limit per calendar year to 401(k) Plan (as a percentage of compensation) 60.00%    
Employer match of employee's gross pay (as a percentage of compensation) 50.00%    
Employer match of employee contributions of first 6% of eligible compensation (as a percentage) 6.00%    
Employer contribution $ 2.1 $ 2.0 $ 1.9
v3.25.0.1
Restructuring and Other Charges (Narrative) (Details)
$ in Thousands
1 Months Ended 12 Months Ended
Jun. 30, 2023
Dec. 31, 2024
USD ($)
Dec. 31, 2023
USD ($)
Dec. 31, 2022
USD ($)
Restructuring costs and reserves        
Restructuring and other charges   $ 0 $ 9,368 $ 0
2023 Plan        
Restructuring costs and reserves        
Restructuring, number of positions eliminated 42      
Restructuring and other charges     $ 9,400  
v3.25.0.1
Income Taxes (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Thousands
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2024
Dec. 31, 2023
Dec. 31, 2022
Income before taxes      
Domestic $ 190,382 $ 154,434 $ (16,663)
Foreign 9,661 32,726 8,838
Income (loss) before income taxes $ 200,043 $ 187,160 $ (7,825)
v3.25.0.1
Income Taxes (Details 2) - USD ($)
$ in Thousands
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2024
Dec. 31, 2023
Dec. 31, 2022
Federal:      
Current $ 2,760 $ 1,075 $ 183
Deferred (9,447) (126,734) 2,479
State:      
Current 468 893 (215)
Deferred 1,245 (17,264) 24
Foreign:      
Current 26,869 (3,362) 5,828
Deferred (1,673) (1,352) (1,814)
Provision for income taxes $ 20,222 $ (146,744) $ 6,485
v3.25.0.1
Income Taxes (Details 3)
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2024
Dec. 31, 2023
Dec. 31, 2022
Effective income tax rate reconciliation      
Expense (benefit) at U.S. federal statutory rate 21.00% 21.00% 21.00%
Expense (benefit) at state statutory rate 0.90% (8.70%) 6.10%
Withholding tax 8.40% 3.90% (36.60%)
Foreign rate differential (1.40%) (2.60%) (28.30%)
Research and development credit (1.90%) (2.90%) 4.80%
Executive compensation 4.00% 3.90% (49.00%)
Stock-based compensation (6.10%) (5.20%) 47.90%
Foreign tax credit (8.40%) (2.50%) 57.40%
Foreign-derived intangible income deduction (6.80%) (1.90%) 70.50%
Acquisition (0.10%) 1.60% (25.10%)
Debt extinguishment 0.00% 0.00% (226.70%)
Other 0.50% 0.30% (1.00%)
Valuation allowance 0.00% (85.30%) 76.10%
Effective income tax rate reconciliation 10.10% (78.40%) (82.90%)
v3.25.0.1
Income Taxes (Details 4) - USD ($)
$ in Thousands
Dec. 31, 2024
Dec. 31, 2023
Components of net deferred tax assets (liabilities)    
Lease liabilities $ 6,384 $ 6,607
Other timing differences, accruals and reserves 3,893 5,306
Deferred equity compensation 6,678 3,973
Net operating loss carryovers 12,003 14,578
Capitalized research 96,739 77,244
Tax credits 47,960 50,445
Total gross deferred tax assets 173,657 158,153
Lease right-of-use assets (4,498) (4,589)
Depreciation and amortization (9,077) (5,078)
Total gross deferred tax liabilities (13,575) (9,667)
Total net deferred tax assets before valuation allowance 160,082 148,486
Valuation allowance (26,790) (25,056)
Net deferred tax assets $ 133,292 $ 123,430
v3.25.0.1
Income Taxes (Details 5) - USD ($)
$ in Thousands
Dec. 31, 2024
Dec. 31, 2023
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]    
Non-current deferred tax assets $ 136,466 $ 127,892
Non-current deferred tax liabilities (3,174) (4,462)
Net deferred tax assets $ 133,292 $ 123,430
v3.25.0.1
Income Taxes (Details 6) - Tax Valuation Allowance - USD ($)
$ in Thousands
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2024
Dec. 31, 2023
Dec. 31, 2022
Changes in valuation and qualifying accounts      
Balance as of beginning of period $ 25,056 $ 201,883 $ 206,874
Charged (credited) to operations 1,784 1,776 (7,233)
Charged to other account (50) (717) 2,242
Valuation allowance release 0 (177,886) 0
Balance as of end of period $ 26,790 $ 25,056 $ 201,883
v3.25.0.1
Income Taxes (Details 7) - USD ($)
$ in Thousands
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2024
Dec. 31, 2023
Dec. 31, 2022
Reconciliation of the beginning and ending amounts of unrecognized income tax benefits      
Balance as of beginning of period $ 184,921 $ 164,531 $ 146,215
Tax positions related to current year:      
Additions 19,844 19,403 18,515
Tax positions related to prior years:      
Additions 0 1,378 0
Reductions (971) (391) (199)
Balance as of end of period $ 203,794 $ 184,921 $ 164,531
v3.25.0.1
Income Taxes (Narrative) (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Millions
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2023
Dec. 31, 2024
Operating loss and tax credit carryforwards    
Valuation allowance, deferred tax asset, decrease $ 177.9  
State and local tax authority | California Franchise Tax Board    
Operating loss and tax credit carryforwards    
Operating loss carryforwards   $ 171.9
Tax credit carryforwards, alternative minimum tax credit   0.5
Research and development tax credit carryforward | Federal    
Operating loss and tax credit carryforwards    
Tax credit carryforwards   41.6
Research and development tax credit carryforward | State and local tax authority | California Franchise Tax Board    
Operating loss and tax credit carryforwards    
Tax credit carryforwards   30.0
Foreign tax credit    
Operating loss and tax credit carryforwards    
Tax credit carryforwards   $ 1.0
v3.25.0.1
Income Taxes (Narrative) (Details 2) - USD ($)
$ in Thousands
1 Months Ended 12 Months Ended
Oct. 31, 2023
Dec. 31, 2023
Dec. 31, 2024
Dec. 31, 2022
Dec. 31, 2021
Dec. 31, 2018
Income tax contingencies            
Unrecognized tax benefits   $ 184,921 $ 203,794 $ 164,531 $ 146,215  
Income tax receivable   88,768 109,947      
Long-term income taxes payable   78,947 109,383      
Valuation allowance, deferred tax asset, decrease   177,900        
Unrecognized tax benefits, including interest            
Income tax contingencies            
Unrecognized tax benefits   185,700        
Foreign tax authority | National Tax Services            
Income tax contingencies            
Income tax receivable $ 82,700 88,800 110,000      
Long-term income taxes payable 72,600   105,100      
Valuation allowance, deferred tax asset, decrease $ (10,100)          
Foreign tax authority | National Tax Services | Tax year 2024            
Income tax contingencies            
Portion of unrecognized tax benefits, which if recognized, would be recorded as an income tax benefit     18,200      
Foreign tax authority | National Tax Services | Tax year 2023            
Income tax contingencies            
Portion of unrecognized tax benefits, which if recognized, would be recorded as an income tax benefit     4,200      
Foreign tax authority | National Tax Services | Tax year 2018            
Income tax contingencies            
Portion of unrecognized tax benefits, which if recognized, would be recorded as an income tax benefit           $ 74,800
Long-term deferred tax assets            
Income tax contingencies            
Unrecognized tax benefits   31,700 22,800      
Other assets | Foreign tax authority | National Tax Services            
Income tax contingencies            
Unrecognized tax benefits   75,000 74,800      
Long-term income taxes payable            
Income tax contingencies            
Unrecognized tax benefits   78,900 106,200      
Long-term income taxes payable | Unrecognized tax benefits, including interest            
Income tax contingencies            
Unrecognized tax benefits     109,400      
Long-term income taxes payable | Foreign tax authority | National Tax Services            
Income tax contingencies            
Unrecognized tax benefits   $ 77,100 $ 105,100      
v3.25.0.1
Income Taxes (Narrative) (Details 3)
$ in Millions
Dec. 31, 2024
USD ($)
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]  
Undistributed foreign earnings $ 58.0
Undistributed foreign earnings, estimated foreign withholding taxes $ 1.4
v3.25.0.1
Divestiture (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Thousands
3 Months Ended 12 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2023
Dec. 31, 2024
Dec. 31, 2023
Dec. 31, 2022
Divestiture        
Divestiture, gain (loss), net   $ 0 $ (90,784) $ 0
Other asset impairment charges   $ 1,071 10,045 $ 0
Divestiture, not discontinued operations | PHY IP Group        
Divestiture        
Divestiture, consideration, initial selling price $ 110,000      
Divestiture, proceeds net 106,300      
Divestiture, purchase price adjustments $ 3,700      
Divestiture, gain (loss), net     (90,800)  
Divestiture, transaction costs     $ 1,400  
v3.25.0.1
Acquisitions Acquisition (Consideration Transferred) (Details) - Hardent, Inc.
$ in Millions
May 20, 2022
USD ($)
Business acquisition  
Total consideration $ 16.1
Total consideration transferred 14.7
Indemnification obligations  
Business acquisition  
Escrow deposit $ 1.2
Escrow release term 18 months
Other contractual provisions  
Business acquisition  
Escrow deposit $ 0.2
v3.25.0.1
Acquisitions Acquisition (Purchase Price Allocation) (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Thousands
Dec. 31, 2024
Dec. 31, 2023
Dec. 31, 2022
May 20, 2022
Business acquisition        
Goodwill $ 286,812 $ 286,812 $ 292,040  
Hardent, Inc.        
Business acquisition        
Cash and cash equivalents       $ 209
Accounts receivable       1,088
Unbilled receivables       239
Prepaid expenses and other current assets       16
Identified intangible assets       5,000
Goodwill       12,069
Accounts payable       (55)
Deferred revenue       (578)
Income taxes payable       (466)
Deferred tax liability       (1,325)
Other current liabilities       (56)
Recognized identifiable assets acquired and liabilities assumed, net       $ 16,141
v3.25.0.1
Acquisitions Acquisitions (Intangible Assets Acquired as Part of Business Combination) (Details) - Hardent, Inc.
$ in Thousands
May 20, 2022
USD ($)
Identified intangible assets assumed in the acquisitions  
Identified intangible assets assumed $ 5,000
Existing technology  
Identified intangible assets assumed in the acquisitions  
Identified intangible assets assumed $ 4,800
Identified intangible assets assumed, weighted-average useful life 5 years
Customer contracts and contractual relationships  
Identified intangible assets assumed in the acquisitions  
Identified intangible assets assumed $ 200
Identified intangible assets assumed, weighted-average useful life 2 years
v3.25.0.1
Acquisitions Acquisitions (Pro Forma Information) (Details) - Hardent, Inc.
$ in Thousands
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2022
USD ($)
Pro forma financial information, nonrecurring adjustment  
Pro forma financial information, revenue $ 457,852
Pro forma financial information, net income (loss) $ (13,251)
v3.25.0.1
Acquisitions Acquisition (Additional Information) (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Thousands
12 Months Ended
May 20, 2022
Dec. 31, 2022
Dec. 31, 2024
Business acquisition      
Contractual obligation [1],[2]     $ 12,562
Acquisition retention bonuses      
Business acquisition      
Contractual obligation [1],[2],[3]     $ 260
Hardent, Inc.      
Business acquisition      
Total consideration $ 16,100    
Total consideration transferred 14,700    
Acquisition-related costs   $ 1,200  
Hardent, Inc. | Acquisition-related Costs      
Business acquisition      
Pro forma financial information, adjustment, acquisition-related costs   $ 1,200  
Hardent, Inc. | Acquisition retention bonuses | Annually      
Business acquisition      
Contractual obligation 1,200    
Hardent, Inc. | Indemnification obligations      
Business acquisition      
Escrow deposit $ 1,200    
Escrow release term 18 months    
Hardent, Inc. | Other contractual provisions      
Business acquisition      
Escrow deposit $ 200    
[1] For the Company’s lease commitments as of December 31, 2024, refer to Note 10, “Leases.”
[2] The above table does not reflect possible payments in connection with unrecognized tax benefits of approximately $132.2 million, including $22.8 million recorded as a reduction of long-term deferred tax assets and $109.4 million in long-term income taxes payable, as of December 31, 2024. As noted below in Note 18, “Income Taxes,” although it is possible that some of the unrecognized tax benefits could be settled within the next 12 months, the Company cannot reasonably estimate the timing of the outcome at this time.
[3] In connection with the acquisitions of Hardent in the second quarter of 2022 and PLDA in the third quarter of 2021, the Company is obligated to pay retention bonuses to certain employees subject to certain eligibility and acceleration provisions, including the condition of employment.