TAUBMAN CENTERS INC, 10-Q filed on 11/2/2017
Quarterly Report
Document and Entity Information Document
9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2017
Nov. 1, 2017
Entity Information [Line Items]
 
 
Entity Registrant Name
TAUBMAN CENTERS INC. 
 
Entity Central Index Key
0000890319 
 
Current Fiscal Year End Date
--12-31 
 
Entity Filer Category
Large Accelerated Filer 
 
Document Type
10-Q 
 
Document Period End Date
Sep. 30, 2017 
 
Document Fiscal Year Focus
2017 
 
Document Fiscal Period Focus
Q3 
 
Amendment Flag
false 
 
Entity Common Stock, Shares Outstanding
 
60,712,665 
Entity Well-known Seasoned Issuer
Yes 
 
Entity Voluntary Filers
No 
 
Entity Current Reporting Status
Yes 
 
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEET (USD $)
Sep. 30, 2017
Dec. 31, 2016
Assets:
 
 
Properties
$ 4,384,058,000 
$ 4,173,954,000 
Accumulated depreciation and amortization
(1,245,581,000)
(1,147,390,000)
Real Estate Investment Property, Net
3,138,477,000 
3,026,564,000 
Investment in Unconsolidated Joint Ventures (Note 4)
563,012,000 
604,808,000 
Cash and cash equivalents
37,796,000 
40,603,000 
Restricted cash (Note 5)
3,660,000 
932,000 
Accounts and notes receivable, less allowance for doubtful accounts of $8,552 and $4,311 in 2017 and 2016
68,727,000 
60,174,000 
Accounts receivable from related parties
2,591,000 
2,103,000 
Deferred charges and other assets
293,695,000 
275,728,000 
Total Assets
4,107,958,000 
4,010,912,000 
Liabilities:
 
 
Notes payable, net (Note 5)
3,438,307,000 
3,255,512,000 
Accounts payable and accrued liabilities
315,136,000 
336,536,000 
Distributions in excess of investments in and net income of Unconsolidated Joint Ventures (Note 4)
503,291,000 
480,863,000 
Total Liabilities
4,256,734,000 
4,072,911,000 
Commitments and contingencies (Notes 5, 6, 7, 8, and 9)
   
   
Redeemable Noncontrolling Interest, Equity, Carrying Amount [Abstract]
 
 
Redeemable noncontrolling interest (Note 6)
9,150,000 
8,704,000 
Equity (Deficit):
 
 
Series B Non-Participating Convertible Preferred Stock, $0.001 par and liquidation value, 40,000,000 shares authorized, 24,938,214 and 25,029,059 shares issued and outstanding at September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016
25,000 
25,000 
Common Stock, $0.01 par value, 250,000,000 shares authorized, 60,712,037 and 60,430,613 shares issued and outstanding at September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016
607,000 
604,000 
Additional paid-in capital
666,836,000 
657,281,000 
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) (Note 12)
(24,051,000)
(35,916,000)
Dividends in excess of net income
(628,965,000)
(549,914,000)
Stockholders' Equity Attributable to Parent
14,452,000 
72,080,000 
Noncontrolling interests (Note 6)
(172,378,000)
(142,783,000)
Stockholders' Equity, Including Portion Attributable to Noncontrolling Interest
(157,926,000)
(70,703,000)
Total Liabilities and Equity
$ 4,107,958,000 
$ 4,010,912,000 
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEET (Parenthetical) (USD $)
Sep. 30, 2017
Dec. 31, 2016
Allowance for doubtful accounts
$ 8,552,000 
$ 4,311,000 
Common stock, par value
$ 0.01 
$ 0.01 
Common stock, shares authorized
250,000,000 
250,000,000 
Common stock, shares issued
60,712,037 
60,430,613 
Common stock, shares outstanding
60,712,037 
60,430,613 
Series B Preferred Stock [Member]
 
 
Preferred Stock, par value
$ 0.001 
$ 0.001 
Preferred Stock, liquidation preference per share
$ 0.001 
$ 0.001 
Preferred Stock, shares authorized
40,000,000 
40,000,000 
Preferred Stock, shares issued
24,938,214 
25,029,059 
Preferred Stock, shares outstanding
24,938,214 
25,029,059 
Series J Preferred Stock [Member]
 
 
Preferred Stock, par value
$ 0 
$ 0 
Preferred Stock, liquidation preference
192,500,000 
192,500,000 
Preferred Stock, shares authorized
7,700,000 
7,700,000 
Preferred Stock, shares issued
7,700,000 
7,700,000 
Preferred Stock, shares outstanding
7,700,000 
7,700,000 
Series K Preferred Stock [Member]
 
 
Preferred Stock, par value
$ 0 
$ 0 
Preferred Stock, liquidation preference
$ 170,000,000 
$ 170,000,000 
Preferred Stock, shares authorized
6,800,000 
6,800,000 
Preferred Stock, shares issued
6,800,000 
6,800,000 
Preferred Stock, shares outstanding
6,800,000 
6,800,000 
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF OPERATIONS AND COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (USD $)
In Thousands, except Share data, unless otherwise specified
3 Months Ended 9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2017
Sep. 30, 2016
Sep. 30, 2017
Sep. 30, 2016
Revenues:
 
 
 
 
Minimum rents
$ 84,487 
$ 81,402 
$ 255,577 
$ 246,073 
Percentage rents
3,600 
6,264 
7,354 
9,960 
Expense recoveries
51,960 
52,151 
154,385 
147,291 
Management, leasing, and development services (Note 2)
1,147 
1,399 
3,439 
26,323 
Other
12,028 
6,805 
36,226 
16,719 
Total Revenues
153,222 
148,021 
456,981 
446,366 
Expenses:
 
 
 
 
Maintenance, taxes, utilities, and promotion
42,351 
39,053 
121,581 
109,908 
Other operating
23,939 
18,592 
65,356 
57,782 
Management, leasing, and development services
524 
1,268 
1,698 
3,034 
General and administrative
9,482 
11,578 
29,649 
34,651 
Restructuring charge (Note 1)
1,751 
 
4,063 
 
Costs associated with shareowner activism (Note 1)
3,500 
 
12,000 
 
Interest expense
27,782 
22,129 
80,074 
61,845 
Depreciation and amortization
45,805 
40,637 
122,958 
100,099 
Operating Expenses
155,134 
133,257 
437,379 
367,319 
Nonoperating income, net
2,494 
4,569 
8,347 
8,715 
Income before income tax benefit (expense) and equity in income of Unconsolidated Joint Ventures
582 
19,333 
27,949 
87,762 
Income tax benefit (expense) (Note 3)
(54)
460 
(375)
(284)
Equity in income of Unconsolidated Joint Ventures (Note 4)
13,723 
15,391 
47,099 
49,779 
Net income
14,251 
35,184 
74,673 
137,257 
Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests (Note 6)
(3,528)
(10,111)
(20,581)
(40,248)
Net income attributable to Taubman Centers, Inc.
10,723 
25,073 
54,092 
97,009 
Distributions to participating securities of TRG (Note 8)
(576)
(537)
(1,723)
(1,573)
Preferred stock dividends
(5,784)
(5,784)
(17,353)
(17,353)
Net income attributable to Taubman Centers, Inc. common shareowners
4,363 
18,752 
35,016 
78,083 
Other comprehensive income (Note 12):
 
 
 
 
Unrealized gain (loss) on interest rate instruments
(120)
1,520 
(3,907)
(15,024)
Fair value adjustment for marketable equity securities
(187)
 
(4,165)
 
Cumulative translation adjustment
9,076 
7,222 
19,528 
7,529 
Reclassification adjustment for amounts recognized in net income
1,034 
3,241 
5,311 
8,612 
Other comprehensive income (loss)
9,803 
11,983 
16,767 
1,117 
Comprehensive income
24,054 
47,167 
91,440 
138,374 
Comprehensive income attributable to noncontrolling interests
(6,385)
(13,744)
(25,467)
(40,937)
Comprehensive income attributable to Taubman Centers, Inc.
$ 17,669 
$ 33,423 
$ 65,973 
$ 97,437 
Basic earnings per common share (Note 10)
$ 0.07 
$ 0.31 
$ 0.58 
$ 1.29 
Diluted earnings per common share (Note 10)
$ 0.07 
$ 0.31 
$ 0.58 
$ 1.29 
Cash dividends declared per common share
$ 0.6250 
$ 0.5950 
$ 1.8750 
$ 1.7850 
Weighted average number of common shares outstanding – basic
60,710,184 
60,396,902 
60,654,026 
60,341,863 
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF CHANGES IN EQUITY (USD $)
Total
Preferred Stock [Member]
Common Stock [Member]
Additional Paid-in Capital [Member]
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) [Member]
Accumulated Distributions in Excess of Net Income [Member]
Noncontrolling Interest [Member]
Former Taubman Asia Redeemable Noncontrolling Interest [Member]
Balance at Dec. 31, 2015
$ 120,811,000 
$ 25,000 
$ 602,000 
$ 652,146,000 
$ (27,220,000)
$ (512,746,000)
$ 8,004,000 
 
Balance (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2015
 
39,544,939 
60,233,561 
 
 
 
 
 
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Issuance of stock pursuant to Continuing Offer (Notes 8 and 9)
0 
 
   
   
 
 
 
 
Issuance of stock pursuant to Continuing Offer (Notes 8 and 9), shares
 
(15,880)
15,880 
 
 
 
 
 
Share-based compensation under employee and director benefit plans (Note 8)
13,108,000 
 
2,000 
13,106,000 
 
 
 
 
Share-based compensation under employee and director benefit plans (Note 8), shares
 
 
155,656 
 
 
 
 
 
Former Taubman Asia President redeemable equity adjustment (Note 6)
(13,582,000)
 
 
(13,582,000)
 
 
 
(13,582,000)
Adjustments of noncontrolling interests (Note 6)
(362,000)
 
 
2,167,000 
   
 
(2,529,000)
 
Dividends and distributions (excludes $7,150 of distributions attributable to redeemable noncontrolling interest) (Note 6)
(311,206,000)
 
 
 
 
(126,703,000)
 
 
Distributions to noncontrolling interests
 
 
 
 
 
 
(184,503,000)
 
Payments for Repurchase of Redeemable Noncontrolling Interest
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
(7,150,000)
Other
(695,000)
 
 
2,000 
 
(697,000)
   
 
Net income (excludes net loss attributable to redeemable noncontrolling interest) (Note 6)
137,619,000 
 
 
 
 
97,009,000 
40,610,000 
 
Net Income (Loss) Attributable to Redeemable Noncontrolling Interest
(362,000)
 
 
 
 
 
 
(362,000)
Unrealized loss on interest rate instruments and other
(15,024,000)
 
 
 
(10,615,000)
 
(4,409,000)
 
Cumulative translation adjustment
7,529,000 
 
 
 
5,320,000 
 
2,209,000 
 
Reclassification adjustment for amounts recognized in net income
8,612,000 
 
 
 
6,085,000 
 
2,527,000 
 
Balance at Sep. 30, 2016
(53,190,000)
25,000 
604,000 
653,839,000 
(26,430,000)
(543,137,000)
(138,091,000)
 
Balance (in shares) at Sep. 30, 2016
 
39,529,059 
60,405,097 
 
 
 
 
 
Balance at Dec. 31, 2016
(70,703,000)
25,000 
604,000 
657,281,000 
(35,916,000)
(549,914,000)
(142,783,000)
 
Balance (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2016
 
39,529,059 
60,430,613 
 
 
 
 
 
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Issuance of stock pursuant to Continuing Offer (Notes 8 and 9)
0 
 
1,000 
(1,000)
 
 
 
 
Issuance of stock pursuant to Continuing Offer (Notes 8 and 9), shares
 
(90,845)
90,850 
 
 
 
 
 
Share-based compensation under employee and director benefit plans (Note 8)
10,492,000 
 
2,000 
10,490,000 
 
 
 
 
Share-based compensation under employee and director benefit plans (Note 8), shares
 
 
190,574 
 
 
 
 
 
Former Taubman Asia President redeemable equity adjustment (Note 6)
(446,000)
 
 
(446,000)
 
 
 
(446,000)
Adjustments of noncontrolling interests (Note 6)
(721,000)
 
 
(490,000)
(16,000)
 
(215,000)
 
Dividends and distributions (excludes $7,150 of distributions attributable to redeemable noncontrolling interest) (Note 6)
(188,452,000)
 
 
 
 
(132,884,000)
 
 
Distributions to noncontrolling interests
 
 
 
 
 
 
(55,568,000)
 
Payments for Repurchase of Redeemable Noncontrolling Interest
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
Other
(257,000)
 
 
2,000 
 
(259,000)
   
 
Net income (excludes net loss attributable to redeemable noncontrolling interest) (Note 6)
75,394,000 
 
 
 
 
54,092,000 
21,302,000 
 
Net Income (Loss) Attributable to Redeemable Noncontrolling Interest
(721,000)
 
 
 
 
 
 
(721,000)
Unrealized loss on interest rate instruments and other
(3,907,000)
 
 
 
(2,769,000)
 
(1,138,000)
 
Fair value adjustment for marketable equity securities
(4,165,000)
 
 
 
(2,952,000)
 
(1,213,000)
 
Cumulative translation adjustment
19,528,000 
 
 
 
13,839,000 
 
5,689,000 
 
Reclassification adjustment for amounts recognized in net income
5,311,000 
 
 
 
3,763,000 
 
1,548,000 
 
Balance at Sep. 30, 2017
$ (157,926,000)
$ 25,000 
$ 607,000 
$ 666,836,000 
$ (24,051,000)
$ (628,965,000)
$ (172,378,000)
 
Balance (in shares) at Sep. 30, 2017
 
39,438,214 
60,712,037 
 
 
 
 
 
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF CASH FLOWS (USD $)
In Thousands, unless otherwise specified
9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2017
Sep. 30, 2016
Cash Flows From Operating Activities:
 
 
Net income
$ 74,673 
$ 137,257 
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:
 
 
Depreciation and amortization
122,958 
100,099 
Provision for bad debts
7,612 
4,731 
Gains on sales of peripheral land
(945)
(1,827)
Other
13,349 
12,909 
Increase (decrease) in cash attributable to changes in assets and liabilities:
 
 
Receivables, restricted cash, deferred charges, and other assets
(15,203)
(13,363)
Accounts payable and accrued liabilities
(2,169)
2,117 
Net Cash Provided By Operating Activities
200,275 
241,923 
Cash Flows From Investing Activities:
 
 
Additions to properties
(249,845)
(377,192)
Proceeds from sales of peripheral land
1,300 
11,258 
Cash provided to escrow or deposits related to center construction projects
(9,106)
(103,463)
Funding development deposit (Note 2)
(10,998)
 
Contributions to Unconsolidated Joint Ventures
(3,524)
(42,322)
Contribution for acquisition of Country Club Plaza (Note 2)
   
(314,245)
Distributions from Unconsolidated Joint Ventures in excess of income (Note 2)
80,627 
177,614 
Other
64 
61 
Net Cash Used In Investing Activities
(191,482)
(648,289)
Cash Flows From Financing Activities:
 
 
Proceeds from revolving lines of credit, net
152,190 
209,505 
Debt proceeds
336,749 
732,081 
Debt payments
(307,064)
(365,978)
Debt issuance costs
(6,665)
(1,620)
Issuance of common stock and/or TRG Units in connection with incentive plans
1,642 
1,806 
Distributions to noncontrolling interests
(55,568)
(191,653)
Distributions to participating securities of TRG
(1,723)
(1,573)
Contributions from noncontrolling interests (Note 6)
   
2,000 
Cash dividends to preferred shareowners
(17,353)
(17,353)
Cash dividends to common shareowners
(113,808)
(107,777)
Net Cash (Used In) Provided By Financing Activities
(11,600)
259,438 
Net Decrease In Cash and Cash Equivalents
(2,807)
(146,928)
Cash and Cash Equivalents at Beginning of Period
40,603 
206,635 
Cash and Cash Equivalents at End of Period
$ 37,796 
$ 59,707 
Interim Financial Statements
Interim Financial Statements
Interim Financial Statements

General

Taubman Centers, Inc. (the Company or TCO) is a Michigan corporation that operates as a self-administered and self-managed real estate investment trust (REIT). The Taubman Realty Group Limited Partnership (the Operating Partnership or TRG) is a majority-owned partnership subsidiary of TCO that owns direct or indirect interests in all of the Company’s real estate properties. In this report, the term “Company" refers to TCO, the Operating Partnership, and/or the Operating Partnership's subsidiaries as the context may require. The Company engages in the ownership, management, leasing, acquisition, disposition, development, and expansion of regional and super-regional retail shopping centers and interests therein. The Company’s owned portfolio as of September 30, 2017 included 24 urban and suburban shopping centers operating in 11 U.S. states, Puerto Rico, South Korea, and China.

Taubman Properties Asia LLC and its subsidiaries (Taubman Asia), which is the platform for the Company’s operations and developments in China and South Korea, is headquartered in Hong Kong.

The unaudited interim financial statements should be read in conjunction with the audited financial statements and related notes included in the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2016. In the opinion of management, all adjustments (consisting only of normal recurring adjustments) necessary for a fair presentation of the financial statements for the interim periods have been made. The results of interim periods are not necessarily indicative of the results for a full year.

Dollar amounts presented in tables within the notes to the financial statements are stated in thousands, except share data or as otherwise noted.

Consolidation

The consolidated financial statements of the Company include all accounts of the Company, the Operating Partnership, and its consolidated subsidiaries, including The Taubman Company LLC (the Manager) and Taubman Asia. All intercompany transactions have been eliminated. The entities included in these consolidated financial statements are separate legal entities and maintain records and books of account separate from any other entity. However, inclusion of these separate entities in the consolidated financial statements does not mean that the assets and credit of each of these legal entities are available to satisfy the debts or other obligations of any other such legal entity included in the consolidated financial statements.

In determining the method of accounting for partially owned joint ventures, the Company evaluates the characteristics of associated entities and determines whether an entity is a variable interest entity (VIE), and, if so, determines whether the Company is the primary beneficiary by analyzing whether the Company has both the power to direct the entity's significant economic activities and the obligation to absorb potentially significant losses or receive potentially significant benefits. Significant judgments and assumptions inherent in this analysis include the nature of the entity's operations, the entity's financing and capital structure, and contractual relationship and terms, including consideration of governance and decision making rights. The Company consolidates a VIE when it has determined that it is the primary beneficiary. All of the Company’s consolidated joint ventures, including the Operating Partnership, meet the definition and criteria as VIEs, as either the Company or an affiliate of the Company is the primary beneficiary of each VIE.

The Company’s sole significant asset is its investment in the Operating Partnership and, consequently, substantially all of the Company’s consolidated assets and liabilities are assets and liabilities of the Operating Partnership. All of the Company’s debt (Note 5) is an obligation of the Operating Partnership or its consolidated subsidiaries. Note 5 also provides disclosure of guarantees provided by the Operating Partnership to certain consolidated joint ventures. Note 6 provides additional disclosures of the carrying balance of the noncontrolling interests in its consolidated joint ventures and other information, including a description of certain rights of the noncontrolling owners.








Investments in entities not controlled but over which the Company may exercise significant influence (Unconsolidated Joint Ventures or UJVs) are accounted for under the equity method. The Company has evaluated its investments in the Unconsolidated Joint Ventures under guidance for determining whether an entity is a VIE and has concluded that the ventures are not VIEs. Accordingly, the Company accounts for its interests in these entities under general accounting standards for investments in real estate ventures (including guidance for determining effective control of a limited partnership or similar entity). The Company’s partners or other owners in these Unconsolidated Joint Ventures have substantive participating rights including approval rights over annual operating budgets, capital spending, financing, admission of new partners/members, or sale of the properties and the Company has concluded that the equity method of accounting is appropriate for these interests. Specifically, the Company’s 79% and 50.1% investments in Westfarms and International Plaza, respectively, are through general partnerships in which the other general partners have participating rights over annual operating budgets, capital spending, refinancing, or sale of the property. The Company provides its beneficial interest in certain financial information of its Unconsolidated Joint Ventures (Notes 4 and 5). This beneficial information is derived as the Company's ownership interest in the investee multiplied by the specific financial statement item being presented. Investors are cautioned that deriving the Company's beneficial interest in this manner may not accurately depict the legal and economic implications of holding a noncontrolling interest in the investee.

Ownership

In addition to common stock, there were three classes of preferred stock outstanding (Series B, J, and K) as of September 30, 2017. Dividends on the 6.5% Series J Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Stock (Series J Preferred Stock) and the 6.25% Series K Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Stock (Series K Preferred Stock) are cumulative and are paid on the last business day of each calendar quarter. The Company owns corresponding Series J and Series K Preferred Equity interests in the Operating Partnership that entitle the Company to income and distributions (in the form of guaranteed payments) in amounts equal to the dividends payable on the Company’s Series J and Series K Preferred Stock.

The Company also is obligated to issue to partners in the Operating Partnership other than the Company, upon subscription, one share of nonparticipating Series B Preferred Stock per each unit of limited partnership in TRG (TRG Unit). The Series B Preferred Stock entitles its holders to one vote per share on all matters submitted to the Company’s shareowners and votes together with the common stock on all matters as a single class. The holders of Series B Preferred Stock are not entitled to dividends or earnings. The Series B Preferred Stock is convertible into common stock at a ratio of 14,000 shares of Series B Preferred Stock for one share of common stock.

Outstanding voting securities of the Company at September 30, 2017 consisted of 24,938,214 shares of Series B Preferred Stock and 60,712,037 shares of common stock.

The Operating Partnership

At September 30, 2017, the Operating Partnership’s equity included two classes of preferred equity (Series J and K) and the net equity of the TRG unitholders. Net income and distributions of the Operating Partnership are allocable first to the preferred equity interests, and the remaining amounts to the general and limited partners in the Operating Partnership in accordance with their percentage ownership. The Series J and Series K Preferred Equity are owned by the Company and are eliminated in consolidation.

The Company's ownership in the Operating Partnership at September 30, 2017 consisted of a 71% managing general partnership interest, as well as the Series J and Series K Preferred Equity interests. The Company's average ownership percentage in the Operating Partnership for both the nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016 was 71%. At September 30, 2017, the Operating Partnership had 85,667,471 TRG Units outstanding, of which the Company owned 60,712,037 TRG Units. Disclosures about TRG Units outstanding exclude TRG Profits Units granted or other share-based grants for which TRG Units may eventually be issued (Note 8).

Restructuring Charge

The Company is undergoing a restructuring to reduce its workforce and reorganize various areas of the organization in response to the completion of another major development cycle and the current near-term challenges facing the U.S. mall industry. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017, the Company incurred $1.8 million and $4.1 million, respectively, of expenses related to the restructuring. These expenses have been separately classified as Restructuring Charge on the Consolidated Statement of Operations and Comprehensive Income. As of September 30, 2017, $1.8 million of the restructuring costs recognized during 2017 were unpaid and remained accrued.    
 

Costs Associated with Shareowner Activism

During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017, the Company incurred $3.5 million and $12.0 million, respectively, of expense associated with activities related to a shareowner activist campaign, largely legal and advisory services. Due to the unusual and infrequent nature of these expenses in the Company's history, they have been separately classified as Costs Associated with Shareowner Activism in the Company's Consolidated Statement of Operations and Comprehensive Income.

Management’s Responsibility to Evaluate the Company’s Ability to Continue as a Going Concern

When preparing financial statements for each annual and interim reporting period, management has the responsibility to evaluate whether there are conditions or events, considered in the aggregate, that raise substantial doubt about the Company's ability to continue as a going concern within one year after the date that the financial statements are issued. No such conditions or events were identified as of the issuance date of the financial statements contained in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.
Acquisition, Redevelopments, Developments, and Service Agreement
Acquisition, Redevelopments, Developments, and Service Agreement [Text Block]
Acquisition, Redevelopments, Developments, and Service Agreement

Acquisition

Country Club Plaza

In March 2016, a joint venture that the Company formed with The Macerich Company acquired Country Club Plaza, a mixed-use retail and office property in Kansas City, Missouri, from Highwood Properties for $660 million ($330 million at TRG's share) in cash, excluding transaction costs. The Company has a 50% ownership interest in the center, which is jointly managed by both companies. The Company's ownership interest in the center is accounted for as an Unconsolidated Joint Venture under the equity method. The joint venture determined the fair value of assets acquired and liabilities assumed upon acquisition. Also, in March 2016, a 10-year, $320 million ($160 million at TRG's share) non-recourse financing was completed for this center. The proceeds from the financing were distributed to the joint venture partners based on the partnership agreement ownership percentages. In March 2017, the joint venture sold the Valencia Place office tower for $75.2 million ($37.6 million at TRG's share), which was a component of the mixed-use property acquired.

U.S. Redevelopments

Redevelopments

The Company has ongoing redevelopment projects at Beverly Center and The Mall at Green Hills, which are expected to be completed in 2018 and 2019, respectively. In total, these two redevelopment projects are expected to cost approximately $700 million. As of September 30, 2017, the Company's total capitalized costs related to these redevelopment projects were $342.9 million.

U.S. Development

International Market Place

The International Market Place shopping center, located in Waikiki, Honolulu, Hawaii, opened in August 2016.

Asia Developments

Operating Centers

The Company has opened three shopping centers in Asia: CityOn.Xi’an, located in Xi’an, China; Starfield Hanam, located in Hanam, South Korea; and CityOn.Zhengzhou, located in Zhengzhou, China. The centers opened in April 2016, September 2016, and March 2017, respectively (Note 4). These investments are classified within Investment in Unconsolidated Joint Ventures on the Consolidated Balance Sheet.




South Korea Project

The Company was previously exploring a second development opportunity in South Korea with Shinsegae Group, the Company's partner in Starfield Hanam. In March 2017, the Company made a refundable deposit of $11 million relating to a potential development site. After performing due diligence, the Company has decided not to proceed with the project. The return of the deposit, including a 5% return, is secured by a letter of credit from Shinsegae Group. The Company's $11 million deposit is classified within Deferred Charges and Other Assets on the Consolidated Balance Sheet.

Restricted Deposits

During the nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016, the Company provided $6.4 million and $108.2 million, respectively, of restricted deposits related to its Asia joint ventures and other investments. These deposits are classified within Deferred Charges and Other Assets on the Consolidated Balance Sheet.

Service Agreement

The Shops at Crystals

In April 2016, the third party leasing agreement for The Shops at Crystals was terminated in connection with a change in ownership of the center. As a result, the Company recognized management, leasing, and development services revenue for the lump sum payment of $21.7 million received in May 2016 in connection with the termination.
Income Taxes
Income Taxes
Income Taxes

Income Tax Expense (Benefit)

The Company’s income tax expense (benefit) for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016 consisted of the following:

 
Three Months Ended September 30
 
Nine Months Ended September 30
 
2017

2016
 
2017
 
2016
Federal current
$
253

 
$
52

 
$
(1,103
)
 
$
1,849

Federal deferred
(204
)
 
(666
)
 
823

 
(1,852
)
Foreign current
370

 
72

 
712

 
222

Foreign deferred
(176
)
 
168

 
(136
)
 
99

State current
(202
)
 
45

 
(61
)
 
252

State deferred
13

 
(131
)
 
140

 
(286
)
Total income tax expense (benefit)
$
54


$
(460
)

$
375

 
$
284



Deferred Taxes

Deferred tax assets and liabilities as of September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016 were as follows:
 
2017
 
2016
Deferred tax assets:
 
 
 
Federal
$
1,313

 
$
3,230

Foreign
2,005

 
1,673

State
590

 
935

Total deferred tax assets
$
3,908

 
$
5,838

Valuation allowances
(1,636
)
 
(1,812
)
Net deferred tax assets
$
2,272

 
$
4,026

Deferred tax liabilities:
 
 
 

Foreign
$
1,319

 
$
1,124

Total deferred tax liabilities
$
1,319

 
$
1,124



The Company believes that it is more likely than not that the results of future operations will generate sufficient taxable income to recognize the net deferred tax assets. These future operations are primarily dependent upon the Manager’s profitability, the timing and amounts of gains on peripheral land sales, the profitability of Taubman Asia's operations, and other factors affecting the results of operations of the taxable REIT subsidiaries. The valuation allowances relate to net operating loss carryforwards and tax basis differences where there is uncertainty regarding their realizability.


Investments in Unconsolidated Joint Ventures
Investments in Unconsolidated Joint Ventures
Investments in Unconsolidated Joint Ventures

General Information

The Company owns beneficial interests in joint ventures that own shopping centers. The Operating Partnership is the sole direct or indirect managing general partner or managing member of Fair Oaks, International Plaza, Stamford Town Center, Sunvalley, The Mall at University Town Center, and Westfarms. The Operating Partnership also provides certain management, leasing, and/or development services to the other shopping centers noted below.
Shopping Center
 
Ownership as of
September 30, 2017 and
December 31, 2016
CityOn.Xi'an
 
50%
CityOn.Zhengzhou
 
49
Country Club Plaza
 
50
Fair Oaks
 
50
International Plaza
 
50.1
The Mall at Millenia
 
50
Stamford Town Center
 
50
Starfield Hanam
 
34.3
Sunvalley
 
50
The Mall at University Town Center
 
50
Waterside Shops
 
50
Westfarms
 
79



The Company's carrying value of its investment in Unconsolidated Joint Ventures differs from its share of the partnership or members’ equity reported on the combined balance sheet of the Unconsolidated Joint Ventures due to (i) the Company's cost of its investment in excess of the historical net book values of the Unconsolidated Joint Ventures and (ii) the Operating Partnership’s adjustments to the book basis, including intercompany profits on sales of services that are capitalized by the Unconsolidated Joint Ventures. The Company's additional basis allocated to depreciable assets is recognized on a straight-line basis over 40 years. The Operating Partnership’s differences in bases are amortized over the useful lives or terms of the related assets and liabilities.

In its Consolidated Balance Sheet, the Company separately reports its investment in Unconsolidated Joint Ventures for which accumulated distributions have exceeded investments in and net income of the Unconsolidated Joint Ventures. The net equity of certain joint ventures is less than zero because distributions are usually greater than net income, as net income includes non-cash charges for depreciation and amortization. In addition, any distributions related to refinancing of the centers further decrease the net equity of the centers.
Combined Financial Information

Combined balance sheet and results of operations information is presented in the following table for the Unconsolidated Joint Ventures, followed by the Operating Partnership's beneficial interest in the combined operations information. The combined information of the Unconsolidated Joint Ventures as of December 31, 2016 excludes the balances of CityOn.Zhengzhou, which opened in March 2017. Beneficial interest is calculated based on the Operating Partnership's ownership interest in each of the Unconsolidated Joint Ventures.

 
September 30,
2017
 
December 31,
2016
Assets:
 
 
 
Properties
$
3,693,394

 
$
3,371,216

Accumulated depreciation and amortization
(733,742
)
 
(661,611
)
 
$
2,959,652

 
$
2,709,605

Cash and cash equivalents
120,860

 
83,882

Accounts and notes receivable, less allowance for doubtful accounts of $4,626 and $1,965 in 2017 and 2016
115,665

 
87,612

Deferred charges and other assets
120,857

 
67,167

 
$
3,317,034

 
$
2,948,266

 
 
 
 
Liabilities and accumulated equity (deficiency) in assets:
 

 
 

Notes payable, net (1)
$
2,829,847

 
$
2,706,628

Accounts payable and other liabilities
533,800

 
359,814

TRG's accumulated deficiency in assets
(98,402
)
 
(166,226
)
Unconsolidated Joint Venture Partners' accumulated equity in assets
51,789

 
48,050

 
$
3,317,034

 
$
2,948,266

 
 
 
 
TRG's accumulated deficiency in assets (above)
$
(98,402
)
 
$
(166,226
)
TRG's investment in and advances to CityOn.Zhengzhou
45,607

 
112,861

TRG basis adjustments, including elimination of intercompany profit
62,905

 
126,240

TCO's additional basis
49,611

 
51,070

Net investment in Unconsolidated Joint Ventures
$
59,721

 
$
123,945

Distributions in excess of investments in and net income of Unconsolidated Joint Ventures
503,291

 
480,863

Investment in Unconsolidated Joint Ventures
$
563,012

 
$
604,808


(1)
The Notes Payable, Net amount excludes the construction financing outstanding for CityOn.Zhengzhou of $70.5 million ($34.5 million at TRG's share) as of December 31, 2016.
 
Three Months Ended September 30
 
Nine Months Ended September 30
 
2017
 
2016
 
2017
 
2016
Revenues
$
146,406

 
$
119,277

 
$
429,679

 
$
325,231

Maintenance, taxes, utilities, promotion, and other operating expenses
$
59,494

 
$
43,248

 
$
159,854

 
$
114,960

Interest expense
32,108

 
26,583

 
97,198

 
73,669

Depreciation and amortization
31,907

 
26,613

 
95,103

 
61,736

Total operating costs
$
123,509

 
$
96,444

 
$
352,155

 
$
250,365

Nonoperating income (expense)
340

 
(594
)
 
2,551

 
512

Income tax expense
(276
)
 
(315
)
 
(4,139
)
 
(315
)
Gain on disposition, net of tax (1)


 
 
 
3,713

 
 
Net income
$
22,961

 
$
21,924

 
$
79,649

 
$
75,063

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net income attributable to TRG
$
12,585

 
$
11,058

 
$
42,833

 
$
40,851

Realized intercompany profit, net of depreciation on TRG’s basis adjustments
1,626

 
4,821

 
5,726

 
10,388

Depreciation of TCO's additional basis
(488
)
 
(488
)
 
(1,460
)
 
(1,460
)
Equity in income of Unconsolidated Joint Ventures
$
13,723

 
$
15,391

 
$
47,099

 
$
49,779

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Beneficial interest in Unconsolidated Joint Ventures’ operations:
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

Revenues less maintenance, taxes, utilities, promotion, and other operating expenses
$
47,063

 
$
44,975

 
$
147,310

 
$
125,102

Interest expense
(16,574
)
 
(14,274
)
 
(50,204
)
 
(39,009
)
Depreciation and amortization
(16,646
)
 
(14,995
)
 
(49,819
)
 
(35,999
)
Income tax expense
(120
)
 
(315
)
 
(2,271
)
 
(315
)
Gain on disposition, net of tax (1)


 
 
 
2,083

 
 
Equity in income of Unconsolidated Joint Ventures
$
13,723

 
$
15,391

 
$
47,099

 
$
49,779



(1)Amount represents the gain related to the sale of the Valencia Place office tower at Country Club Plaza in March 2017 (Note 2).


Related Party

In 2016, the Company issued a note receivable to one of its Unconsolidated Joint Ventures for purposes of funding development costs. The balance of the note receivable was $45.6 million and $43.2 million as of September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, respectively, and was classified within Investment in Unconsolidated Joint Ventures on the Consolidated Balance Sheet.
Beneficial Interest in Debt and Interest Expense
Beneficial interest in Debt and Interest Expense
Beneficial Interest in Debt and Interest Expense

The Operating Partnership's beneficial interest in the debt, capitalized interest, and interest expense of its consolidated subsidiaries and its Unconsolidated Joint Ventures is summarized in the following table. The Operating Partnership's beneficial interest in the consolidated subsidiaries excludes debt and interest related to the noncontrolling interest in Cherry Creek Shopping Center (50%), International Market Place (6.5%), and The Mall of San Juan (5%) through its loan payoff in March 2017.
 
At 100%
 
At Beneficial Interest
 
 
Consolidated Subsidiaries
 
Unconsolidated Joint Ventures
 
Consolidated Subsidiaries
 
Unconsolidated Joint Ventures
 
Debt as of:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
September 30, 2017
$
3,438,307

 
$
2,829,847

 
$
3,144,885

 
$
1,447,922

 
December 31, 2016
3,255,512

 
2,777,162

 
2,949,440

 
1,425,511

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Capitalized interest:
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2017
$
9,552

(1) 
$
456

(2) 
$
9,480

(1) 
$
456

(2) 
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2016
17,892

(1) 
2,188

(2) 
17,841

(1) 
2,188

(2) 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Interest expense:
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2017
$
80,074

 
$
97,198

 
$
71,136

 
$
50,204

 
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2016
61,845

 
73,669

 
54,459

 
39,009

 


(1)
The Company capitalizes interest costs incurred in funding its equity contributions to development projects accounted for as Unconsolidated Joint Ventures. The capitalized interest cost is included in the Company's basis in its investment in Unconsolidated Joint Ventures. Such capitalized interest reduces interest expense on the Company's Consolidated Statement of Operations and Comprehensive Income and in the table above is included within Consolidated Subsidiaries.
(2)
Capitalized interest on the Asia Unconsolidated Joint Venture construction financings is presented at the Company's beneficial interest in both the Unconsolidated Joint Ventures (at 100%) and Unconsolidated Joint Ventures (at Beneficial Interest) columns.

2017 Financings

In July 2017, the Company added an additional one-year extension option to The Mall at Green Hills loan, providing the option to extend the maturity date to December 2020.

In April 2017, the Company extended the $65.0 million secondary secured revolving line of credit for one year upon maturity. All significant terms remain unchanged as a result of the extension.

In March 2017, the Company repaid the outstanding balance of $302.4 million on the construction facility for The Mall of San Juan, which was scheduled to mature in April 2017. The Company funded the repayment using its revolving lines of credit.

In February 2017, the Company completed a $300 million unsecured term loan that matures in February 2022. TRG is the borrower under the loan and the loan bears interest at a range of LIBOR plus 1.25% to LIBOR plus 1.90% based on the Company's total leverage ratio. In March 2017, the Company entered into forward starting swaps to fix the LIBOR rate on the $300 million unsecured term loan from January 2018 through the term of the loan (Note 7). Also in February 2017, the Company amended its $1.1 billion primary unsecured revolving line of credit. The amended agreement extends the maturity date to February 2021, with two six-month extension options. The facilities include an accordion feature which would increase the Company's maximum aggregate total commitment to $2.0 billion between the two facilities if fully exercised, subject to obtaining additional lender commitments, customary closing conditions, and covenant compliance for the unencumbered asset pool.

Upcoming Maturity

The construction facility for International Market Place matures in August 2018. As of September 30, 2017, the outstanding balance of this construction facility was $293.8 million. The Company is currently evaluating options related to refinancing or exercising the initial one-year extension option.



Debt Covenants and Guarantees

Certain loan agreements contain various restrictive covenants, including the following corporate covenants on the Company’s primary unsecured revolving line of credit, $475 million and $300 million unsecured term loans, and the construction facility on International Market Place: a minimum net worth requirement, a maximum total leverage ratio, a maximum secured leverage ratio, a minimum fixed charge coverage ratio, a maximum recourse secured debt ratio, and a maximum payout ratio. In addition, the Company’s primary unsecured revolving line of credit and unsecured term loans have unencumbered pool covenants, which currently apply to Beverly Center, Dolphin Mall, The Gardens on El Paseo, and Twelve Oaks Mall on a combined basis. These covenants include a minimum number and minimum value of eligible unencumbered assets, a maximum unencumbered leverage ratio, a minimum unencumbered interest coverage ratio, and a minimum unencumbered asset occupancy ratio. As of September 30, 2017, the corporate total leverage ratio was the most restrictive covenant. The Company was in compliance with all of its covenants and loan obligations as of September 30, 2017. The maximum payout ratio covenant limits the payment of distributions generally to 95% of funds from operations, as defined in the loan agreements, except as required to maintain the Company’s tax status, pay preferred distributions, and for distributions related to the sale of certain assets.

In connection with the financing of the construction facility at International Market Place, the Operating Partnership has provided an unconditional guarantee of the construction loan principal balance and all accrued but unpaid interest during the term of the loan. The Operating Partnership has also provided a guarantee as to the completion of construction of the center. The maximum amount of the construction facility is $330.9 million. The outstanding balance of the International Market Place construction facility as of September 30, 2017 was $293.8 million. Accrued but unpaid interest as of September 30, 2017 was $0.7 million. The Company believes the likelihood of a payment under the guarantees to be remote.

In connection with the $175 million additional financing at International Plaza, which is owned by an Unconsolidated Joint Venture, the Operating Partnership provided an unconditional and several guarantee of 50.1% of all obligations and liabilities related to an interest rate swap that was required on the debt for the term of the loan. As of September 30, 2017, the interest rate swap was in a liability position of less than $0.1 million and had unpaid interest of $0.1 million. The Company believes the likelihood of a payment under the guarantee to be remote.

Other

The Company is required to escrow cash balances for specific uses stipulated by certain of its lenders and other various agreements. As of September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, the Company’s cash balances restricted for these uses were $3.7 million and $0.9 million, respectively.
Noncontrolling Interests
Noncontrolling Interests
Noncontrolling Interests

Redeemable Noncontrolling Interests

Taubman Asia President

In September 2016, the Company announced the appointment of Peter Sharp (Successor Asia President) as president of Taubman Asia, a consolidated subsidiary, succeeding René Tremblay (Former Asia President) effective January 1, 2017. The Former Asia President was employed by the Company in another capacity through September 30, 2017.

The Former Asia President has an ownership interest in Taubman Asia. This interest entitles the Former Asia President to 5% of Taubman Asia's dividends, with 85% of his dividends relating to investment activities undergone prior to the Successor Asia President obtaining an ownership interest (see below) being withheld as contributions to capital. These withholdings will continue until he contributes and maintains his capital consistent with his percentage ownership interest, including all capital funded by the Operating Partnership for Taubman Asia's operating and investment activities subsequent to the Former Asia President obtaining his ownership interest. The Operating Partnership has a preferred investment in Taubman Asia to the extent the Former Asia President has not yet contributed capital commensurate with his ownership interest. This preferred investment accrues an annual preferential return equal to the Operating Partnership's average borrowing rate (with the preferred investment and accrued return together being referred to herein as the preferred interest). In addition, Taubman Asia has the ability to call, and the Former Asia President has the ability to put, the Former Asia President’s ownership interest upon Taubman Asia's properties reaching certain specified milestones. The redemption price for the ownership interest is the fair value of the ownership interest less the amount required to return the Operating Partnership's preferred interest. The Company has determined that the Former Asia President's ownership interest in Taubman Asia qualifies as an equity award, considering its specific redemption provisions, and accounts for it as a contingently redeemable noncontrolling interest. The Company presents as temporary equity at each balance sheet date an estimate of the redemption value of the ownership interest, therefore falling into level 3 of the fair value hierarchy. As of September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, the carrying amount of this redeemable equity was $9.2 million and $8.7 million, respectively. Any adjustments to the redemption value are recorded through equity.

In April 2016, the Company reacquired half of the Former Asia President’s previous 10% ownership interest in Taubman Asia for $7.2 million. The Former Asia President contributed $2 million to Taubman Asia, which may be returned, in part or in whole, upon satisfaction of the re-evaluation of the full liquidation value of Taubman Asia as of April 2016; such re-evaluation will be performed at the Former Asia President's election on or after the third anniversary of the opening of specified Asia projects. The Former Asia President’s current 5% interest is puttable beginning in 2019 at the earliest and was classified as Redeemable Noncontrolling Interest on the Consolidated Balance Sheet.

The Successor Asia President also has an ownership interest in Taubman Asia. This interest entitles the Successor Asia President to 3% of Taubman Asia's dividends for investment activities undergone by Taubman Asia subsequent to him obtaining his ownership interest, with all of his dividends being withheld as contributions to capital. These withholdings will continue until he contributes and maintains his capital consistent with his percentage ownership interest, including all capital funded by the Operating Partnership for Taubman Asia's operating and investment activities subsequent to the Successor Asia President obtaining his ownership interest. The Operating Partnership has a preferred investment in Taubman Asia to the extent the Successor Asia President has not yet contributed capital commensurate with his ownership interest. This preferred investment accrues an annual preferential return equal to the Operating Partnership's average borrowing rate (with the preferred investment and accrued return together being referred to herein as the preferred interest). In addition, Taubman Asia has the ability to call, and the Successor Asia President has the ability to put, the Successor Asia President’s ownership interest upon specified terminations of the Successor Asia President’s employment, although such put or call right may not be exercised for specified time periods after certain termination events. The redemption price for the ownership interest is 50% (increasing to 100% as early as January 2022) of the fair value of the ownership interest less the amount required to return the Operating Partnership's preferred interest. The Company has determined that the Successor Asia President's ownership interest in Taubman Asia qualifies as an equity award, considering its specific redemption provisions, and accounts for it as a contingently redeemable noncontrolling interest. As of September 30, 2017, the carrying amount of this redeemable equity was zero. Any adjustments to the redemption value are recorded through equity.







International Market Place

The Company owns a 93.5% controlling interest in a joint venture that owns International Market Place in Waikiki, Honolulu, Hawaii, which opened in August 2016. The 6.5% joint venture partner has no obligation nor the right to contribute capital. The Company is entitled to a preferential return on its capital contributions. The Company has the right to purchase the joint venture partner's interest and the joint venture partner has the right to require the Company to purchase the joint venture partner's interest after the third anniversary of the opening of the center, and annually thereafter. The purchase price of the joint venture partner's interest will be based on fair value. Considering the redemption provisions, the Company accounts for the joint venture partner's interest as a contingently redeemable noncontrolling interest with a carrying value of zero at both September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016. Any adjustments to the redemption value are recorded through equity.

Reconciliation of Redeemable Noncontrolling Interest
 
Nine Months Ended September 30
 
2017
 
2016
Balance, January 1
$
8,704

 
 
Former Taubman Asia President vested redeemable equity
446

 
$
13,582

Distributions


 
(7,150
)
Contributions


 
2,000

Allocation of net loss
(721
)
 
(362
)
Adjustments of redeemable noncontrolling interest
721

 
362

Balance, September 30
$
9,150

 
$
8,432



Equity Balances of Non-redeemable Noncontrolling Interests

The net equity balance of the non-redeemable noncontrolling interests as of September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016 included the following:
 
2017
 
2016
Non-redeemable noncontrolling interests:
 
 
 
Noncontrolling interests in consolidated joint ventures
$
(159,561
)
 
$
(155,919
)
Noncontrolling interests in partnership equity of TRG
(12,817
)
 
13,136

 
$
(172,378
)
 
$
(142,783
)


Net Income (Loss) Attributable to Noncontrolling Interests

Net income (loss) attributable to the noncontrolling interests for the three months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016 included the following:
 
Three Months Ended September 30
 
2017
 
2016
Net income (loss) attributable to noncontrolling interests:
 
 
 
Non-redeemable noncontrolling interests:
 
 
 
Noncontrolling share of income of consolidated joint ventures
$
1,524

 
$
1,779

Noncontrolling share of income of TRG
2,298

 
8,449

 
$
3,822

 
$
10,228

Redeemable noncontrolling interest:
(294
)
 
(117
)
 
$
3,528

 
$
10,111








Net income (loss) attributable to the noncontrolling interests for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016 included the following:
 
Nine Months Ended September 30
 
2017
 
2016
Net income (loss) attributable to noncontrolling interests:
 
 
 
Non-redeemable noncontrolling interests:
 
 
 
Noncontrolling share of income of consolidated joint ventures
$
5,000

 
$
6,175

Noncontrolling share of income of TRG
16,302

 
34,435

 
$
21,302

 
$
40,610

Redeemable noncontrolling interest:
(721
)
 
(362
)
 
$
20,581

 
$
40,248



Equity Transactions

The following table presents the effects of changes in Taubman Centers, Inc.’s ownership interest in consolidated subsidiaries on Taubman Centers, Inc.’s equity for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016:
 
Nine Months Ended September 30
 
2017
 
2016
Net income attributable to Taubman Centers, Inc. common shareowners
$
35,016

 
$
78,083

Transfers (to) from the noncontrolling interest:
 

 
 

(Decrease) increase in Taubman Centers, Inc.’s paid-in capital for adjustments of noncontrolling interest (1)
(490
)
 
2,167

Net transfers (to) from noncontrolling interests
(490
)
 
2,167

Change from net income attributable to Taubman Centers, Inc. and transfers (to) from noncontrolling interests
$
34,526

 
$
80,250


(1)
In 2017 and 2016, adjustments of the noncontrolling interest were made as a result of changes in the Company's ownership of the Operating Partnership in connection with the Company's share-based compensation under employee and director benefit plans (Note 8) and issuances of common stock pursuant to the Continuing Offer (Note 9). In 2017 and 2016, adjustments of the noncontrolling interest were also made in connection with the accounting for the Former Asia President's redeemable ownership interest.

Finite Life Entities

Accounting Standards Codification (ASC) Topic 480, “Distinguishing Liabilities from Equity” establishes standards for classifying and measuring as liabilities certain financial instruments that embody obligations of the issuer and have characteristics of both liabilities and equity. At September 30, 2017, the Company held a controlling interest in a consolidated entity with a specified termination date in 2083. The noncontrolling owners' interest in this entity is to be settled upon termination by distribution or transfer of either cash or specific assets of the underlying entity. The estimated fair value of this noncontrolling interest was approximately $360 million at September 30, 2017, compared to a book value of $(159.6) million that is classified in Noncontrolling Interests on the Company’s Consolidated Balance Sheet. The fair value of the noncontrolling interest was calculated as the noncontrolling interest's ownership share of the underlying property's fair value. The property's fair value was estimated by considering its in-place net operating income, current market capitalization rate, and mortgage debt outstanding.
Derivative and Hedging Activities
Derivative and Hedging Activities
Derivative and Hedging Activities

Risk Management Objective and Strategies for Using Derivatives

The Company uses derivative instruments, such as interest rate swaps and interest rate caps, primarily to manage exposure to interest rate risks inherent in variable rate debt and refinancings. The Company may also enter into forward starting swaps or treasury lock agreements to set the effective interest rate on a planned fixed-rate financing. The Company’s interest rate swaps involve the receipt of variable-rate amounts from a counterparty in exchange for the Company making fixed-rate payments over the life of the agreements without exchange of the underlying notional amount. Interest rate caps involve the receipt of variable-rate amounts from a counterparty if interest rates rise above the strike rate on the contract in exchange for an up-front premium. In a forward starting swap or treasury lock agreement that the Company cash settles in anticipation of a fixed rate financing or refinancing, the Company will receive or pay an amount equal to the present value of future cash flow payments based on the difference between the contract rate and market rate on the settlement date.

The Company does not use derivatives for trading or speculative purposes and currently does not have any derivatives that are not designated as hedging instruments under the accounting requirements for derivatives and hedging.









































As of September 30, 2017, the Company had the following outstanding derivatives that were designated and are expected to be effective as cash flow hedges of the interest payments and/or the currency exchange rate on the associated debt.
Instrument Type

Ownership

Notional Amount

Swap Rate

Credit Spread on Loan

Total Swapped Rate on Loan

Maturity Date
Consolidated Subsidiaries:

 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Receive variable (LIBOR) /pay-fixed swap (1)

100
%

$
200,000

 
1.64
%
 
1.45
%
(1) 
3.09
%
(1) 
February 2019
Receive variable (LIBOR) /pay-fixed swap (1)

100
%

175,000

 
1.65
%
 
1.45
%
(1) 
3.10
%
(1) 
February 2019
Receive variable (LIBOR) /pay-fixed swap (1)

100
%

100,000

 
1.64
%
 
1.45
%
(1) 
3.09
%
(1) 
February 2019
Receive variable (LIBOR) /pay-fixed swap (2)
 
100
%
 
100,000

 


(2) 


(2) 


(2) 
February 2022
Receive variable (LIBOR) /pay-fixed swap (2)
 
100
%
 
100,000

 


(2) 


(2) 


(2) 
February 2022
Receive variable (LIBOR) /pay-fixed swap (2)
 
100
%
 
50,000

 


(2) 


(2) 


(2) 
February 2022
Receive variable (LIBOR) /pay-fixed swap (2)
 
100
%
 
50,000

 


(2) 


(2) 


(2) 
February 2022
Receive variable (LIBOR) /pay-fixed swap (3)
 
100
%
 
12,000

 
2.09
%
(3) 
1.40
%
(3) 
3.49
%
(3) 
March 2024
Unconsolidated Joint Ventures:

 


 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 
Receive variable (LIBOR) /pay-fixed swap (4)

50
%

130,801

 
2.40
%
 
1.70
%
 
4.10
%
 
April 2018
Receive variable (LIBOR) /pay-fixed swap (4)

50
%

130,801

 
2.40
%
 
1.70
%
 
4.10
%
 
April 2018
Receive variable (LIBOR) /pay-fixed swap (5)
 
50.1
%
 
166,500

 
1.83
%
 
1.75
%
 
3.58
%
 
December 2021
Receive variable (LIBOR) USD/pay-fixed Korean Won (KRW) cross-currency interest rate swap (6)
 
34.3
%
 
52,065 USD / 60,500,000 KRW

 
1.52
%
 
1.60
%
 
3.12
%
 
September 2020

(1)
The hedged forecasted transaction for each of these swaps is the first previously unhedged one-month LIBOR-indexed interest payments accrued and made each month on a debt principal amount equal to the swap notional amount, regardless of the specific debt agreement from which they may flow. The Company is currently using these swaps to manage interest rate risk on the $475 million unsecured term loan. The credit spread on this loan can also vary within a range of 1.35% to 1.90%, depending on the Company's total leverage ratio at the measurement date, resulting in an effective rate in the range of 2.99% to 3.55% during the swap period.
(2)
The hedged forecasted transaction for each of these swaps is the first previously unhedged one-month LIBOR-indexed interest payments accrued and made each month on a debt principal amount equal to the swap notional amount, regardless of the specific debt agreement from which they may flow, beginning with the January 2018 effective date of the swaps. The Company anticipates using these forward starting swaps to manage interest rate risk on the $300 million unsecured term loan beginning with the January 2018 effective date. Beginning in January 2018, the LIBOR rate will be swapped to a fixed rate of 2.14%. The credit spread on this loan can vary within a range of 1.25% to 1.90%, depending on the Company's total leverage ratio at the measurement date, resulting in an effective rate in the range of 3.39% to 4.04% during the swap period.
(3)
The notional amount on this swap is equal to the outstanding principal balance of the floating rate loan on the U.S. headquarters building.
(4)
The notional amount on each of these swaps is equal to 50% of the outstanding principal balance of the loan on Fair Oaks.
(5)
The notional amount on this swap is equal to the outstanding principal balance of the floating rate loan on International Plaza.
(6)
The notional amount on this swap is equal to the outstanding principal balance of the U.S. dollar construction loan for Starfield Hanam. There is a cross-currency interest rate swap to fix the interest rate on the loan and swap the related principal and interest payments from U.S. dollars to KRW in order to reduce the impact of fluctuations in interest rates and exchange rates on the cash flows of the joint venture. The currency swap exchange rate is 1,162.0.


Cash Flow Hedges

For derivative instruments that are designated and qualify as a cash flow hedge, the effective portion of the unrealized gain or loss on the derivative is reported as a component of Other Comprehensive Income (OCI). The ineffective portion of the change in fair value, if any, is recognized directly in earnings. Net realized gains or losses resulting from derivatives that were settled in conjunction with planned fixed-rate financings or refinancings continue to be included in Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) (AOCI) during the term of the hedged debt transaction.

Amounts reported in AOCI related to currently outstanding interest rate derivatives are recognized as an adjustment to income as interest payments are made on the Company’s variable-rate debt. Realized gains or losses on settled derivative instruments included in AOCI are recognized as an adjustment to income over the term of the hedged debt transaction. Amounts reported in AOCI related to the cross-currency interest rate swap are recognized as an adjustment to income as transaction gains or losses arising from the remeasurement of foreign currency denominated loans are recognized and as actual interest and principal obligations are repaid.

The Company expects that approximately $3.4 million of the AOCI of Taubman Centers, Inc. and the noncontrolling interests will be reclassified from AOCI and recognized as a reduction of income in the following 12 months.

The following tables present the effect of derivative instruments on the Company’s Consolidated Statement of Operations and Comprehensive Income for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016. The tables include the amount of gains or losses on outstanding derivative instruments recognized in OCI in cash flow hedging relationships and the location and amount of gains or losses reclassified from AOCI into income resulting from outstanding derivative instruments.

During the three months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016, the Company recognized an inconsequential amount and $0.5 million, respectively, of hedge ineffectiveness income related to the swaps used to hedge the $475 million unsecured term loan. The hedge ineffectiveness for both periods was recorded in Nonoperating Income, Net on the Consolidated Statement of Operations and Comprehensive Income.
 
Amount of Gain or (Loss) Recognized in OCI on Derivative (Effective Portion)
 
Location of Gain or (Loss) Reclassified from AOCI into Income (Effective Portion)
 
Amount of Gain or (Loss) Reclassified from AOCI into Income (Effective Portion)
 
Three Months Ended September 30
 
 
 
Three Months Ended September 30
 
2017
 
2016
 
 
 
2017
 
2016
Derivatives in cash flow hedging relationships:
 
 
 
 

 
 
 
 
Interest rate contracts – consolidated subsidiaries
$
472

 
$
2,933

 
Interest Expense
 
$
(533
)
 
$
(1,446
)
Interest rate contracts – UJVs
454

 
1,682

 
Equity in Income of UJVs
 
(523
)
 
(940
)
Cross-currency interest rate contract – UJV
(13
)
 
146

 
Equity in Income of UJVs
 
22

 
(855
)
Total derivatives in cash flow hedging relationships
$
913

 
$
4,761

 
 
 
$
(1,034
)
 
$
(3,241
)














During the nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016, the Company recognized an inconsequential amount of hedge ineffectiveness expense and $0.2 million of hedge ineffectiveness income, respectively, related to the swaps used to hedge the $475 million unsecured term loan. The hedge ineffectiveness for both periods was recorded in Nonoperating Income, Net on the Consolidated Statement of Operations and Comprehensive Income.
 
Amount of Gain or (Loss) Recognized in OCI on Derivative (Effective Portion)
 
Location of Gain or (Loss) Reclassified from AOCI into Income (Effective Portion)
 
Amount of Gain or (Loss) Reclassified from AOCI into Income (Effective Portion)
 
Nine Months Ended September 30
 
 
 
Nine Months Ended September 30
 
2017
 
2016
 
 
 
2017
 
2016
Derivatives in cash flow hedging relationships:
 
 
 
 

 
 
 
 
Interest rate contracts – consolidated subsidiaries
$
(257
)
 
$
(4,366
)
 
Interest Expense
 
$
(2,409
)
 
$
(4,457
)
Interest rate contracts – UJVs
1,693

 
(1,712
)
 
Equity in Income of UJVs
 
(1,920
)
 
(2,876
)
Cross-currency interest rate contract – UJV
(32
)
 
(334
)
 
Equity in Income of UJVs
 
(982
)
 
(1,279
)
Total derivatives in cash flow hedging relationships
$
1,404

 
$
(6,412
)
 
 
 
$
(5,311
)
 
$
(8,612
)


The Company records all derivative instruments at fair value on the Consolidated Balance Sheet. The following table presents the location and fair value of the Company’s derivative financial instruments as reported on the Consolidated Balance Sheet as of September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016.
 
 
 
Fair Value
 
Consolidated Balance Sheet Location
 
September 30,
2017
 
December 31,
2016
Derivatives designated as hedging instruments:
 
 
 
 
 
Asset derivative:
 
 
 
 
 
Cross-currency interest rate swap - UJV
Investment in UJVs
 


 
$
381

Total assets designated as hedging instruments
 
 
$
—

 
$
381

 
 
 
 
 
 
Liability derivatives:
 
 
 

 
 
Interest rate contracts – consolidated subsidiaries
Accounts Payable and Accrued Liabilities
 
$
(3,806
)
 
$
(3,548
)
Interest rate contracts – UJVs
Investment in UJVs
 
(803
)
 
(2,496
)
Cross-currency interest rate swap – UJV
Investment in UJVs
 
(537
)
 


Total liabilities designated as hedging instruments
 
 
$
(5,146
)
 
$
(6,044
)


Contingent Features

All of the Company's outstanding derivatives contain provisions that state if the hedged entity defaults on its indebtedness above a certain threshold, then the derivative obligation could also be declared in default. The cross default thresholds vary for each agreement, ranging from $0.1 million of any indebtedness to $50 million of indebtedness on the Operating Partnership's indebtedness. As of September 30, 2017, the Company is not in default on any indebtedness that would trigger a credit-risk-related default on its current outstanding derivatives.


As of September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, the fair value of derivative instruments with credit-risk-related contingent features that were in a liability position was $5.1 million and $6.0 million, respectively. As of September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, the Company was not required to post any collateral related to these agreements. If the Company breached any of these provisions it would be required to settle its obligations under the agreements at their fair value. See Note 5 regarding guarantees and Note 11 for fair value information on derivatives.
Share-Based Compensation
Share-Based Compensation
Share-Based Compensation

General

The Taubman Company LLC 2008 Omnibus Long-Term Incentive Plan (2008 Omnibus Plan), as amended, which is shareowner approved, provides for the award to directors, officers, employees, and other service providers of the Company of restricted shares, restricted TRG Units, options to purchase shares or TRG Units, share appreciation rights, performance share units, unrestricted shares or TRG Units, and other awards to acquire up to an aggregate of 8.5 million common shares or TRG Units. TRG Units to be awarded also include "TRG Profits Units", which are intended to constitute "profits interests" within the meaning of Treasury authority under the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended. In addition, non-employee directors have the option to defer their compensation under a deferred compensation plan.

Non-option awards granted after an amendment of the 2008 Omnibus Plan in 2010 are deducted at a ratio of 1.85 common shares or TRG Units. Options are deducted on a one-for-one basis. The amount available for future grants is adjusted when the number of contingently issuable common shares or units are settled, for grants that are forfeited, and for options that expire without being exercised.

2017 Awards - TRG Profits Units

During 2017, the following types of TRG Profits Units awards have been granted to certain senior management individuals: (1) a time-based award with a three-year cliff vesting period (Restricted TRG Profits Units); (2) a performance-based award that is based on the achievement of relative total shareholder return (TSR) over a three-year period (Relative TSR Performance-based TRG Profits Units); and (3) a performance-based award that is based on the achievement of net operating income (NOI) over a three-year period (NOI Performance-based TRG Profits Units). The maximum number of Relative TSR and NOI Performance-based TRG Profits Units are issued at grant, eventually subject to a recovery and cancellation of previously granted amounts depending on actual performance against TSR and NOI measures over the three-year performance measurement period. NOI Performance-based TRG Profits Units provide for a cap on the maximum number of units vested if a specified absolute TSR level is not achieved. Relative TSR and NOI Performance-based TRG Profits Units are generally subject to the same performance measures as the TSR-Based and NOI-Based Performance Share Units (see 2017 Awards - Other Management Employee Grants below). Despite the difference in scaling of the grant programs, the final outcome of the TSR and NOI performance measures will result in similar numbers of TRG Units being issued at vesting under both the TRG Profits Units and the Performance Share Unit programs.

Each such award represents a contingent right to receive a TRG Unit upon vesting and the satisfaction of certain tax-driven requirements and, as to the TSR and NOI Performance-based TRG Profits Units the satisfaction of certain performance-based requirements. Until vested, a TRG Profits Unit entitles the holder to only one-tenth of the distributions otherwise payable by TRG on a TRG Unit. Therefore, the Company accounts for these TRG Profits Units as participating securities in the Operating Partnership. A portion of the TRG Profits Units award represents estimated cash distributions that otherwise would have been payable during the vesting period and, upon vesting, there will be an adjustment in actual number of TRG Profits Units realized under each award to reflect the Operating Partnership's actual cash distributions during the vesting period.

All TRG Profits Units issued in 2017 vest in March 2020, if continuous service has been provided, or upon retirement or certain other events (such as death or disability) if earlier. Each holder of a TRG Profits Unit will be treated as a limited partner in TRG from the date of grant. To the extent the vested TRG Profits Units have not achieved the applicable criteria for conversion to TRG Units, vesting and economic equivalence to a TRG Unit prior to the tenth anniversary of the date of grant, the awards will be forfeited pursuant to the terms of the award agreement.






2017 Awards - Other Management Employee Grants

During 2017, other types of awards granted to management employees include those described below. These primarily vest in March 2020, if continuous service has been provided, or upon retirement or certain other events (such as death or disability) if earlier.

TSR - Based Performance Share Units (TSR PSU) - Each TSR PSU represents the right to receive, upon vesting, shares of common stock ranging from 0-300% of the TSR PSU based on the Company's market performance relative to that of a peer group. The 2017 TSR PSU grant includes a cash payment upon vesting equal to the aggregate cash dividends that would have been paid on such shares of common stock during the vesting period.

NOI - Based Performance Share Units (NOI PSU) - Each NOI PSU represents the right to receive, upon vesting, shares of common stock ranging from 0-300% of the NOI PSU based on the Company's NOI performance, as well as a cash payment upon vesting equal to the aggregate cash dividends that would have been paid on such shares of common stock during the vesting period. These awards also provide for a cap on the maximum number of units vested if a specified absolute TSR level is not achieved.

Restricted Share Units (RSU) - Each RSU represents the right to receive upon vesting one share of common stock, as well as a cash payment upon vesting equal to the aggregate cash dividends that would have been paid on such shares of common stock during the vesting period.

Expensed and Capitalized Costs

The compensation cost charged to income for the Company’s share-based compensation plans was $2.8 million and $8.3 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017, respectively. The compensation cost charged to income for the Company's share-based compensation plans was $3.2 million and $9.2 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2016, respectively. Compensation cost capitalized as part of properties and deferred leasing costs was $0.3 million and $0.6 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017, respectively, and $0.6 million and $1.9 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2016, respectively.

Valuation Methodologies

The Company estimated the grant-date fair values of share-based grants using the methods as follows. Expected volatility and dividend yields are based on historical volatility and yields of the Company’s common stock, respectively, as well as other factors. The risk-free interest rates used are based on the U.S. Treasury yield curves in effect at the grant date. The Company assumes no forfeitures for failure to meet the service requirement of Performance Share Units (PSU) or TRG Profits Units, due to the small number of participants and low turnover rate.

The valuations of all grants utilized the Company's common stock price at the grant date. Common stock prices when used in valuing TRG Profits Units are further adjusted by the present value of expected differences in dividends payable on the common stock versus the distributions payable on the TRG Profits Units over the vesting period. The Company estimated the value of grants dependent on TSR performance using a Monte Carlo simulation and considering historical returns of the Company and the peer group.

For awards dependent on NOI performance, the Company considers the NOI measure a performance condition under applicable accounting standards, and as such, has estimated a grant-date fair value for each of its possible outcomes. The compensation cost ultimately will be recognized equal to the grant-date fair value of the award that coincides with the actual outcome of the NOI performance. The weighted average grant-date fair value shown for NOI-dependent awards corresponds with management's current expectation of the probable outcome of the NOI performance measure. The product of the NOI-dependent awards outstanding and the grant-date fair value represents the compensation cost being recognized over the service periods.

The valuations of TRG Profits Units consider the possibility that sufficient share price appreciation will not be realized, such that the conversion to TRG Units will not occur and the awards will be forfeited.

Summaries of Activity for the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2017

Restricted TRG Profits Units
 
Number of Restricted TRG Profits Units
 
Weighted Average Grant-Date Fair Value
Outstanding at January 1, 2017
45,940

 
$
59.49

Granted
46,076

 
57.84

Outstanding at September 30, 2017
92,016

 
$
58.66



As of September 30, 2017, there was $3.5 million of total unrecognized compensation cost related to nonvested Restricted TRG Profits Units outstanding. This cost is expected to be recognized over an average period of 2.0 years.



Relative TSR Performance-based TRG Profits Units
 
Number of relative TSR Performance-based TRG Profits Units
 
Weighted Average Grant-Date Fair Value
Outstanding at January 1, 2017
103,369

 
$
26.42

Granted
103,666

 
23.14

Outstanding at September 30, 2017
207,035

 
$
24.78



As of September 30, 2017, there was $3.3 million of total unrecognized compensation cost related to nonvested Relative TSR Performance-based TRG Profits Units outstanding. This cost is expected to be recognized over an average period of 2.0 years.

NOI Performance-based TRG Profits Units
 
Number of NOI Performance-based TRG Profits Units
 
Weighted Average Grant-Date Fair Value
Outstanding at January 1, 2017
103,369

 
$
19.41

Granted
103,666

 
19.35

Outstanding at September 30, 2017
207,035

 
$
19.38

    
As of September 30, 2017, there was $2.6 million of total unrecognized compensation cost related to nonvested NOI Performance-based TRG Profits Units outstanding. This cost is expected to be recognized over an average period of 2.0 years.

TSR - Based Performance Share Units
 
Number of TSR PSU
 
Weighted Average Grant-Date Fair Value
Outstanding at January 1, 2017
166,027

 
$
138.93

Vested - 2015 three-year grant
(2,885
)
(1) 
112.30

Vested - 2014 three-year grant
(43,803
)
(1) 
88.10

Vested - 2012 and 2013 special grants
(79,764
)
(1) 
181.99

Granted
5,046

 
80.16

Outstanding at September 30, 2017
44,621

 
$
106.91


(1)
Based on the Company's market performance relative to that of a peer group, the actual number of shares of common stock issued upon vesting during the nine months ended September 30, 2017 was 2,193 shares (0.76x), 27,166 shares (0.62x), and zero shares for the 2015 TSR PSU three-year grant, 2014 TSR PSU three-year grant, and the 2012 and 2013 TSR PSU special grants, respectively. That is, despite the completion of the applicable employee service requirements, the number of shares ultimately considered earned is determined by the extent to which the TSR market performance measure was achieved during the performance period. These 2015 TSR PSU three-year grants vested due to a retirement.
As of September 30, 2017, there was $0.9 million of total unrecognized compensation cost related to nonvested TSR PSU outstanding. This cost is expected to be recognized over an average period of 0.6 years.

NOI - Based Performance Share Units
 
Number of NOI PSU
 
Weighted Average Grant-Date Fair Value
Outstanding at January 1, 2017
 
 
 
Granted
5,046

 
$
67.04

Outstanding at September 30, 2017
5,046

 
$
67.04



As of September 30, 2017, there was $0.3 million of total unrecognized compensation cost related to nonvested NOI PSU outstanding. This cost is expected to be recognized over an average period of 2.4 years.


Restricted Share Units
 
Number of RSU
 
Weighted Average Grant-Date Fair Value
Outstanding at January 1, 2017
231,903

 
$
70.40

Vested
(111,617
)
 
66.33

Granted
87,350

 
64.45

Forfeited
(9,097
)
 
71.44

Outstanding at September 30, 2017
198,539

 
$
70.02



As of September 30, 2017, there was $6.2 million of total unrecognized compensation cost related to nonvested RSU outstanding. This cost is expected to be recognized over an average period of 1.8 years.

Options

As of September 30, 2017, the Company has 107,997 options outstanding at an exercise price of $45.90 and a remaining contractual term of 0.4 years. All options outstanding are fully vested and there is no unrecognized compensation cost related to options. No options were granted during the nine months ended September 30, 2017. Cash received from option exercises for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016 was $4.8 million and $3.8 million, respectively.

Unit Option Deferral Election

Under both a prior option plan and the 2008 Omnibus Plan, vested unit options can be exercised by tendering mature units with a market value equal to the exercise price of the unit options. In 2002, Robert S. Taubman, the Company’s chief executive officer, exercised options for 3.0 million units by tendering 2.1 million mature units and deferring receipt of 0.9 million units under the unit option deferral election. As the Operating Partnership pays distributions, the deferred option units receive their proportionate share of the distributions in the form of cash payments. Under an amendment executed in January 2011 and subsequent deferral elections (the latest being made in September 2016), beginning in December 2022 (unless Mr. Taubman retires earlier), the deferred options units will be issued as TRG Units in five annual installments. The deferred option units are accounted for as participating securities of the Operating Partnership.
Commitments and Contingencies
Commitments and Contingencies
Commitments and Contingencies

Cash Tender

At the time of the Company's initial public offering and acquisition of its partnership interest in TRG in 1992, the Company entered into an agreement (the Cash Tender Agreement) with the A. Alfred Taubman Restated Revocable Trust (the Revocable Trust) and TRA Partners (now Taubman Ventures Group LLC or TVG), each of whom owned an interest in TRG, whereby each of the Revocable Trust and TVG (and/or any assignee of the Revocable Trust or TVG) has the right to tender to the Company TRG Units (provided that if the tendering party is tendering less than all of its TRG Units, the aggregate value is at least $50 million) and cause the Company to purchase the tendered interests at a purchase price based on a market valuation of the Company on the trading date immediately preceding the date of the tender (except as otherwise provided below). TVG is controlled by a majority-in-interest among the Revocable Trust and entities affiliated with the children of A. Alfred Taubman (Robert S. Taubman, William S. Taubman, and Gayle Taubman Kalisman). At the election of the tendering party, TRG Units held by members of A. Alfred Taubman’s family and TRG Units held by entities in which his family members hold interests may be included in such a tender.

The Company will have the option to pay for these interests from available cash, borrowed funds, or from the proceeds of an offering of common stock. Generally, the Company expects to finance these purchases through the sale of new shares of its common stock. The tendering partner will bear all market risk if the market price at closing is less than the purchase price and will bear the costs of sale. Any proceeds of the offering in excess of the purchase price will be for the sole benefit of the Company. The Company accounts for the Cash Tender Agreement as a freestanding written put option. As the option put price is defined by the current market price of common stock at the time of tender, the fair value of the written option defined by the Cash Tender Agreement is considered to be zero.

Based on a market value at September 30, 2017 of $49.70 per share for the Company's common stock, the aggregate value of TRG Units that may be tendered under the Cash Tender Agreement was $1.2 billion. The purchase of these interests at September 30, 2017 would have resulted in the Company owning an additional 28% interest in TRG.

Continuing Offer

The Company has made a continuing, irrevocable offer (the Continuing Offer) to all present holders of TRG Units (other than a certain excluded holder, currently TVG), permitted assignees of all present holders of TRG Units, those future holders of TRG Units as the Company may, in its sole discretion, agree to include in the Continuing Offer, all existing optionees under the previous option plan, and all existing and future optionees under the 2008 Omnibus Plan to exchange shares of common stock for TRG Units. Under the Continuing Offer agreement, one TRG Unit is exchangeable for one share of common stock. Upon a tender of TRG Units, the corresponding shares of Series B Preferred Stock, if any, will automatically be converted into common stock at a ratio of 14,000 shares of Series B Preferred Stock for one share of common stock.

Insurance

The Company carries liability insurance to mitigate its exposure to certain losses, including those relating to personal injury claims. We believe the Company's insurance policy terms and conditions and limits are appropriate and adequate given the relative risk of loss and industry practice. However, there are certain types of losses, such as punitive damage awards, which may not be covered by insurance, and not all potential losses are insured against.

Hurricane Maria and The Mall of San Juan

As a result of Hurricane Maria, The Mall of San Juan experienced certain interior water damage, impacts to exterior landscaping and signage, and significant damage to both Nordstrom and Saks Fifth Avenue. The shopping center closed for business for approximately one month. The Company is expeditiously working to repair and restore the damaged areas. The shopping center has reopened with reduced hours of operation and fewer tenants open. The Company has substantial insurance to cover hurricane and flood damage, as well as business and service interruption, with a single deductible of not more than $2 million and policy limits of $900 million, all subject to various terms and conditions.
Beyond physical damage, the Company believes the situation in Puerto Rico will adversely affect The Mall of San Juan’s business for the foreseeable future. With existing infrastructure challenges and residents and tourism being highly disrupted, the Company cannot provide the timing for the recovery of business and the return of normal consumer spending in Puerto Rico, which will depend on restoration of power to the island and the overall pace and progress of the rebuilding and recovery efforts. The Company expects that full recovery will span a significant period of time.
During the quarter ended September 30, 2017, the Company recognized an estimated expense of $2 million relating to property damage, included within depreciation expense. The Company continues to assess physical loss and will update this estimate if necessary. The Company anticipates that a portion of the adverse impact to the future operations of the center may be mitigated through business interruption insurance. Business interruption insurance proceeds for decreases in revenues the center experiences will be recognized in income when received, which will lag any declines in revenues.
Under both the Nordstrom and Saks Fifth Avenue agreements, they are required to rebuild and reopen as expeditiously as possible. Nordstrom has indicated they are proceeding quickly and will open as soon as they are able, but given the damage it is likely to be well into 2018 before they reopen. Saks Fifth Avenue has not provided any timeline for reopening. As such, the Company has filed in the Puerto Rico superior court a complaint to compel Saks Fifth Avenue to promptly commence reconstruction of its building, and to complete the repair to be ready for occupancy as expeditiously as reasonably possible.
The Mall of San Juan has not yet contributed materially to net income or net operating income of the Company, with both such amounts being less than 2% of the totals for the nine months ended September 30, 2017.
Hurricane Irma and Florida Centers
The Company has investments in five centers in Florida. As a result of Hurricane Irma, these centers experienced certain cosmetic exterior damage and brief power outages. The impact of Hurricane Irma on the Florida centers was immaterial to the Company’s results for the quarter ended September 30, 2017.
Other

See Note 5 for the Operating Partnership's guarantees of certain notes payable, including guarantees relating to Unconsolidated Joint Ventures, Note 6 for contingent features relating to certain joint venture agreements, Note 7 for contingent features relating to derivative instruments, and Note 8 for obligations under existing share-based compensation plans.
Earnings Per Share
Earnings Per Share
Earnings Per Common Share

Basic earnings per common share amounts are based on the weighted average of common shares outstanding for the respective periods. Diluted earnings per common share amounts are based on the weighted average of common shares outstanding plus the dilutive effect of potential common stock. Potential common stock includes outstanding TRG Units exchangeable for common shares under the Continuing Offer (Note 9), outstanding options for TRG Units, PSU, Restricted and Performance-based TRG Profits Units, RSU, deferred shares under the Non-Employee Directors’ Deferred Compensation Plan, and unissued TRG Units under a unit option deferral election (Note 8). In computing the potentially dilutive effect of potential common stock, TRG Units are assumed to be exchanged for common shares under the Continuing Offer, increasing the weighted average number of shares outstanding. The potentially dilutive effects of TRG Units outstanding and/or issuable under the unit option deferral elections are calculated using the if-converted method, while the effects of other potential common stock are calculated using the treasury method. Contingently issuable shares are included in diluted earnings per common share based on the number of shares, if any, which would be issuable if the end of the reporting period were the end of the contingency period. 
 
Three Months Ended September 30
 
Nine Months Ended September 30
 
2017

2016
 
2017
 
2016
Net income attributable to Taubman Centers, Inc. common shareowners (Numerator):
 

 
 
 
 
 
 
Basic
$
4,363

 
$
18,752

 
$
35,016

 
$
78,083

Impact of additional ownership of TRG
7

 
42

 
74

 
171

Diluted
$
4,370

 
$
18,794

 
$
35,090

 
$
78,254

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Shares (Denominator) – basic
60,710,184

 
60,396,902

 
60,654,026

 
60,341,863

Effect of dilutive securities
288,967

 
434,161

 
364,829

 
432,926

Shares (Denominator) – diluted
60,999,151

 
60,831,063

 
61,018,855

 
60,774,789

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Earnings per common share – basic
$
0.07

 
$
0.31

 
$
0.58

 
$
1.29

Earnings per common share – diluted
$
0.07

 
$
0.31

 
$
0.58

 
$
1.29



The calculation of diluted earnings per common share in certain periods excluded certain potential common stock including outstanding TRG Units and unissued TRG Units under a unit option deferral election, both of which may be exchanged for common shares of the Company under the Continuing Offer. The table below presents the potential common stock excluded from the calculation of diluted earnings per common share as they were anti-dilutive in the period presented.
 
Three Months Ended September 30
 
Nine Months Ended September 30
 
2017

2016
 
2017
 
2016
Weighted average noncontrolling TRG Units outstanding
4,164,979

 
3,979,571

 
4,082,322

 
3,991,803

Unissued TRG Units under unit option deferral elections
871,262

 
871,262

 
871,262

 
871,262

Fair Value Disclosures
Fair Value Disclosures
Fair Value Disclosures

This note contains required fair value disclosures for assets and liabilities remeasured at fair value on a recurring basis and financial instruments carried at other than fair value, as well as assumptions employed in deriving these fair values.

Recurring Valuations

Derivative Instruments

The fair value of interest rate hedging instruments is the amount that the Company would receive to sell an asset or pay to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the reporting date. The Company’s valuations of its derivative instruments are determined using widely accepted valuation techniques, including discounted cash flow analysis on the expected cash flows of each derivative, and therefore fall into Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy. The valuations reflect the contractual terms of the derivatives, including the period to maturity, and use observable market-based inputs, including forward curves. The fair values of interest rate hedging instruments also incorporate credit valuation adjustments to appropriately reflect both the Company’s own nonperformance risk and the respective counterparty's nonperformance risk.

Other

The Company's valuations of both its investments in an insurance deposit and in 250,000 Simon Property Group (SPG) common shares utilize unadjusted quoted prices determined by active markets for the specific securities the Company has invested in, and therefore fall into Level 1 of the fair value hierarchy.

For assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis, quantitative disclosure of the fair value for each major category of assets and liabilities is presented below:
 
 
Fair Value Measurements as of September 30, 2017 Using
 
Fair Value Measurements as of
December 31, 2016 Using
Description
 
Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets
(Level 1)
 
Significant Other Observable Inputs
(Level 2)
 
Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets
(Level 1)
 
Significant Other Observable Inputs
(Level 2)
SPG common shares
 
$
40,253

 
 
 
$
44,418

 
 
Insurance deposit
 
16,663

 
 

 
15,440

 
 

Total assets
 
$
56,916


$
—

 
$
59,858

 
$
—

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Derivative interest rate contracts (Note 7)
 
 

 
$
(3,806
)
 
 

 
$
(3,548
)
Total liabilities
 
 

 
$
(3,806
)
 
 

 
$
(3,548
)


The insurance deposit shown above represents an escrow account maintained in connection with a property and casualty insurance arrangement for the Company’s shopping centers, and is classified within Deferred Charges and Other Assets on the Consolidated Balance Sheet. Corresponding deferred revenue relating to amounts billed to tenants for this arrangement has been classified within Accounts Payable and Accrued Liabilities on the Consolidated Balance Sheet.

Financial Instruments Carried at Other Than Fair Values

Simon Property Group Limited Partnership Units

At both September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, the Company owned 340,124 partnership units in Simon Property Group Limited Partnership (SPG LP Units). The fair value of the SPG LP Units, which is derived from SPG's common share price and therefore falls into Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy, was $54.8 million at September 30, 2017 and $60.4 million at December 31, 2016. The SPG LP Units were classified as Deferred Charges and Other Assets on the Consolidated Balance Sheet and had a book value of $44.8 million at both September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016.

Notes Payable

The fair value of notes payable is estimated using cash flows discounted at current market rates and therefore falls into Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy. When selecting discount rates for purposes of estimating the fair value of notes payable at September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, the Company primarily employed the credit spreads at which the debt was originally issued. The Company does not believe that the use of different interest rate assumptions would have resulted in a materially different fair value of notes payable as of September 30, 2017 or December 31, 2016. To further assist financial statement users, the Company has included with its fair value disclosures an analysis of interest rate sensitivity.

The estimated fair values of notes payable at September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016 were as follows:
 
2017
 
2016
 
Carrying Value
 
Fair Value
 
Carrying Value
 
Fair Value
Notes payable, net
$
3,438,307

 
$
3,402,921

 
$
3,255,512

 
$
3,184,036




The fair values of the notes payable are dependent on the interest rates used in estimating the values. An overall 1% increase in interest rates employed in making these estimates would have decreased the fair values of the debt shown above at September 30, 2017 by $135.3 million or 4.0%.

Cash Equivalents and Notes Receivable

The fair value of cash equivalents and notes receivable approximates their carrying value due to their short maturity. The fair value of cash equivalents is derived from quoted market prices and therefore falls into Level 1 of the fair value hierarchy. The fair value of notes receivable is estimated using cash flows discounted at current market rates and therefore falls into Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy.

See Note 7 regarding additional information on derivatives.
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income
Comprehensive Income (Loss) Note [Text Block]
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income

Changes in the balance of each component of AOCI for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 were as follows:
 
Taubman Centers, Inc. AOCI
 
Noncontrolling Interests AOCI
 
Cumulative translation adjustment
 
Unrealized gains (losses) on interest rate instruments
 
Fair value adjustment for marketable equity securities
 
Total
 
Cumulative translation adjustment
 
Unrealized gains (losses) on interest rate instruments
 
Fair value adjustment for marketable equity securities
 
Total
January 1, 2017
$
(23,147
)
 
$
(12,467
)
 
$
(302
)
 
$
(35,916
)
 
$
(9,613
)
 
$
7,191

 
$
(126
)
 
$
(2,548
)
Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications
13,839

 
(2,769
)
 
(2,952
)
 
8,118

 
5,689

 
(1,138
)
 
(1,213
)
 
3,338

Amounts reclassified from AOCI
 
 
3,763

 
 
 
3,763

 
 
 
1,548

 
 
 
1,548

Net current period other comprehensive income (loss)
$
13,839

 
$
994

 
$
(2,952
)
 
$
11,881

 
$
5,689

 
$
410

 
$
(1,213
)
 
$
4,886

Adjustments due to changes in ownership
(69
)
 
53

 
 
 
(16
)
 
69

 
(53
)
 
 
 
16

September 30, 2017
$
(9,377
)
 
$
(11,420
)
 
$
(3,254
)
 
$
(24,051
)
 
$
(3,855
)
 
$
7,548

 
$
(1,339
)
 
$
2,354



Changes in the balance of each component of AOCI for the nine months ended September 30, 2016 were as follows:

 
Taubman Centers, Inc. AOCI
 
Noncontrolling Interests AOCI
 
Cumulative translation adjustment
 
Unrealized gains (losses) on interest rate instruments and other
 
Total
 
Cumulative translation adjustment
 
Unrealized gains (losses) on interest rate instruments and other
 
Total
January 1, 2016
$
(10,890
)
 
$
(16,330
)
 
$
(27,220
)
 
$
(4,531
)
 
$
5,595

 
$
1,064

Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications
5,320

 
(10,615
)
 
(5,295
)
 
2,209

 
(4,409
)
 
(2,200
)
Amounts reclassified from AOCI

 
6,085

 
6,085

 


 
2,527

 
2,527

Net current period other comprehensive income (loss)
$
5,320

 
$
(4,530
)
 
$
790

 
$
2,209

 
$
(1,882
)
 
$
327

Adjustments due to changes in ownership
(7
)
 
7

 
—

 
7

 
(7
)
 
—

September 30, 2016
$
(5,577
)
 
$
(20,853
)
 
$
(26,430
)
 
$
(2,315
)
 
$
3,706

 
$
1,391



The following table presents reclassifications out of AOCI for the nine months ended September 30, 2017:
Details about AOCI Components
 
Amounts reclassified from AOCI
 
Affected line item in Consolidated Statement of Operations and Comprehensive Income
Losses on interest rate instruments and other:
 
 
 
 
Realized loss on interest rate contracts - consolidated subsidiaries
 
$
2,409

 
Interest Expense
Realized loss on interest rate contracts - UJVs
 
1,920

 
Equity in Income of UJVs
Realized loss on cross-currency interest rate contract - UJV
 
982

 
Equity in Income of UJVs
Total reclassifications for the period
 
$
5,311

 
 


The following table presents reclassifications out of AOCI for the nine months ended September 30, 2016:
Details about AOCI Components
 
Amounts reclassified from AOCI
 
Affected line item in Consolidated Statement of Operations and Comprehensive Income
Losses on interest rate instruments and other:
 
 
 
 
Realized loss on interest rate contracts - consolidated subsidiaries
 
$
4,457

 
Interest Expense
Realized loss on interest rate contracts - UJVs
 
2,876

 
Equity in Income of UJVs
Realized loss on cross-currency interest rate contract - UJV
 
1,279

 
Equity in Income of UJVs
Total reclassifications for the period
 
$
8,612

 
 
Cash Flow Disclosures and Non-Cash Investing and Financing Activities
Cash Flow, Supplemental Disclosures [Text Block]
Cash Flow Disclosures and Non-Cash Investing and Financing Activities

Interest paid for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016, net of amounts capitalized of $9.6 million and $17.9 million, respectively, was $74.5 million and $56.4 million, respectively. Income taxes paid for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016 were $2.4 million and $2.8 million, respectively. Other non-cash additions to properties during the nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016 were $98.9 million and $89.4 million, respectively, and primarily represent accrued construction and tenant allowance costs.
New Accounting Pronouncements
New Accounting Pronouncements, Policy [Policy Text Block]
New Accounting Pronouncements

In August 2017, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) issued ASU No. 2017-12, "Targeted Improvements to Accounting for Hedging Activities", which provides guidance related to changes in hedge accounting recognition and presentation requirements. The purpose of this updated guidance is to better align a company’s financial reporting for hedging activities with the economic objectives of those activities. The transition guidance provides companies with the option of early adopting the new standard using a modified retrospective transition method in any interim period after issuance of the update, or alternatively requires adoption for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018. This adoption method will require the Company to recognize the cumulative effect of initially applying the ASU as an adjustment to AOCI with a corresponding adjustment to the opening balance of retained earnings as of the beginning of the fiscal year that an entity adopts the update. The Company is currently evaluating the application of this ASU, although it expects adoption to have an immaterial impact on its consolidated financial statements.

In May 2017, the FASB issued ASU No. 2017-09, "Compensation-Stock Compensation - Scope of Modification Accounting", which provides guidance about which changes to the terms or conditions of a share-based payment award require an entity to apply modification accounting. ASU No. 2017-09 is effective for financial statements issued for fiscal years and interim periods beginning after December 15, 2017. ASU No. 2017-09 indicates an entity should account for effects of a modification unless all of the following conditions are met: (1) the fair value of the modified award remains the same, (2) the vesting conditions of the award remain the same, and (3) the classification of the modified award as an equity instrument or liability instrument remains the same. Upon adoption, the Company would apply it in the event potential modifications of share-based grants occur in the future. This may impact the Consolidated Statement of Operations and Comprehensive Income as share-based payment benefit or expense depending on the application of modification accounting. The Company does not expect there will be a material impact to the consolidated financial statements and expects to adopt the new standard on its effective date.

In February 2017, the FASB issued ASU No. 2017-05, "Other Income - Gains and Losses from the Derecognition of Nonfinancial Assets", which provides guidance for recognizing gains and losses from the transfer of nonfinancial assets and for partial sales of nonfinancial assets. ASU No. 2017-05 is effective for financial statements issued for fiscal years and interim periods beginning after December 15, 2017. The Company currently accounts for the derecognition of nonfinancial assets according to industry-specific guidance as the Company's nonfinancial assets are considered in-substance real estate. The Company expects the most likely outcome to be that in the event the Company sells a controlling interest in a shopping center, but retains a noncontrolling ownership interest, the Company would measure the retained interest at fair value. This would result in full gain/loss recognition upon such a sale of the controlling interest, a change from current practice. The Company does not expect there will be a material impact to the consolidated financial statements and expects to adopt the new standard on its effective date.

In January 2017, the FASB issued ASU No. 2017-01, "Clarifying the Definition of a Business", which provides guidance to assist entities with evaluating whether transactions should be accounted for as acquisitions (or dispositions) of assets or businesses. ASU No. 2017-01 is effective for financial statements issued for fiscal years and interim periods beginning after December 15, 2017. Early adoption of this ASU is permitted for transactions occurring before the amendment date if the transaction has not been reported in previous filings. The Company previously generally accounted for acquisitions of shopping centers as acquisitions of businesses under ASC Topic 805, "Business Combinations". In January 2017, the Company early adopted ASU No. 2017-01, and will account for any future acquisitions of shopping centers as asset acquisitions. This will impact the Consolidated Statement of Operations and Comprehensive Income as transaction costs associated with asset acquisitions will now be capitalized.

In November 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-18, "Statement of Cash Flows - Restricted Cash", which provides guidance for the presentation of restricted cash and changes in restricted cash. ASU No. 2016-18 is effective for financial statements issued for fiscal years and interim periods beginning after December 15, 2017. This ASU will require restricted cash and certain other deposits to be presented in combination with cash and cash equivalents on the Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows. The Company expects to adopt this standard on its effective date.


In August 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-15, "Statement of Cash Flows - Classification of Certain Cash Receipts and Cash Payments", which provides guidance for the presentation of certain cash receipts and payments, including the classification of distributions received from equity method investees. ASU No. 2016-15 provides companies with two alternatives of presentation; the nature of the distribution approach or the cumulative earnings approach. ASU No. 2016-15 is effective for financial statements issued for fiscal years and interim periods beginning after December 15, 2017. The Company expects to adopt the new standard on its effective date and expects to use the cumulative earnings approach to calculate and present distributions received from equity method investees.

In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-02, "Leases", which provides for significant changes to the current lease accounting standard. The primary objectives of this ASU is to address off-balance-sheet financing related to operating leases and to introduce a new lessee model that brings substantially all leases onto the balance sheet. ASU No. 2016-02 is effective for financial statements issued for fiscal years and interim periods beginning after December 15, 2018. The Company expects to adopt the new standard on its effective date. The Company is currently evaluating the application of this ASU and its effect on the Company’s financial position and results of operations. From initial implementation efforts, the Company preliminarily expects the most significant impacts of adoption to include (1) the potential need to expense certain internal leasing costs currently being capitalized, including costs associated with the Company's leasing department, (2) the bifurcation of certain lease revenues between rental and reimbursement (non-lease) components, and (3) the recognition of lease obligations and right-of-use assets for ground and office leases under which the Company or its ventures are the lessee. Under the new ASU, certain common area maintenance recoveries must be accounted for as a non-lease component. The Company will be evaluating whether bifurcating of common area maintenance will affect the timing or recognition of such revenues.

In January 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-01, "Recognition and Measurement of Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities", which addresses certain aspects of recognition, measurement, presentation, and disclosure of financial instruments. Amongst its changes, ASU No. 2016-01 requires an entity to measure equity investments at fair value through net income, except for those that result in consolidation or are accounted for under the equity method of accounting. ASU No. 2016-01 is effective for financial statements issued for fiscal years and interim periods beginning after December 15, 2017. The Company expects to adopt the new standard on its effective date. As of September 30, 2017, the Company owned 340,124 SPG LP Units that are currently being accounted for as a cost method investment and 250,000 SPG common shares that are currently being recorded at fair value (Note 11). Upon the Company's adoption of ASU No. 2016-01 any outstanding SPG LP Units will be remeasured at fair value and an offsetting cumulative effect adjustment will be recorded in equity. After the Company's adoption of ASU No. 2016-01, changes in the fair value of any outstanding SPG LP Units and SPG common shares will be recorded in net income. Both the SPG LP Units and SPG common shares are recorded in Deferred Charges and Other Assets on the Consolidated Balance Sheet.
 
In May 2014, the FASB issued ASU No. 2014-09, "Revenue from Contracts with Customers". This standard provides a single comprehensive model to use in accounting for revenue arising from contracts with customers and gains and losses arising from transfers of non-financial assets including sales of property, plant and equipment, real estate, and intangible assets. ASU No. 2014-09 supersedes most current revenue recognition guidance, including industry-specific guidance. In August 2015, the FASB issued ASU No. 2015-14, which deferred the effective date of ASU No. 2014-09 one year to annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2017 for public entities. ASU No. 2015-14 permits public entities to adopt ASU No. 2014-09 early, but not before the original effective date of annual periods beginning after December 15, 2016. ASU No. 2014-09 may be applied either retrospectively or as a cumulative effect adjustment as of the date of adoption. The Company is currently evaluating the application of this ASU. The Company has preliminarily determined the revenue streams that could be most significantly impacted by this ASU relate to the Company's management, leasing and development services, certain recoveries from tenants, and other miscellaneous income. The Company expects that the revenue recognition from these services and other miscellaneous income will be generally consistent with current recognition methods, and therefore does not expect material changes to the consolidated financial statements as a result of adoption. For the three and nine month periods ending September 30, 2017, these revenues were less than 10% of consolidated revenue. Recoveries from tenants to be impacted by ASU No. 2014-09 will not be addressed until the Company's adoption of ASU No. 2016-02, considering its revisions to accounting for common area maintenance described above. The Company also continues to evaluate the scope of revenue-related disclosures it expects to provide pursuant to the new requirements. The Company expects to adopt the standard using the modified retrospective approach, which requires a cumulative adjustment, if any, as of the date of the adoption. The Company will adopt the standard on its effective date beginning with the first quarter of 2018.
Income Taxes (Tables)
Schedule of Components of Income Tax Expense (Benefit) [Table Text Block] 
The Company’s income tax expense (benefit) for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016 consisted of the following:

 
Three Months Ended September 30
 
Nine Months Ended September 30
 
2017

2016
 
2017
 
2016
Federal current
$
253

 
$
52

 
$
(1,103
)
 
$
1,849

Federal deferred
(204
)
 
(666
)
 
823

 
(1,852
)
Foreign current
370

 
72

 
712

 
222

Foreign deferred
(176
)
 
168

 
(136
)
 
99

State current
(202
)
 
45

 
(61
)
 
252

State deferred
13

 
(131
)
 
140

 
(286
)
Total income tax expense (benefit)
$
54


$
(460
)

$
375

 
$
284



Deferred tax assets and liabilities 
Deferred tax assets and liabilities as of September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016 were as follows:
 
2017
 
2016
Deferred tax assets:
 
 
 
Federal
$
1,313

 
$
3,230

Foreign
2,005

 
1,673

State
590

 
935

Total deferred tax assets
$
3,908

 
$
5,838

Valuation allowances
(1,636
)
 
(1,812
)
Net deferred tax assets
$
2,272

 
$
4,026

Deferred tax liabilities:
 
 
 

Foreign
$
1,319

 
$
1,124

Total deferred tax liabilities
$
1,319

 
$
1,124

Investments in Unconsolidated Joint Ventures (Tables)
Beneficial Interests In Joint Ventures 
The Company owns beneficial interests in joint ventures that own shopping centers. The Operating Partnership is the sole direct or indirect managing general partner or managing member of Fair Oaks, International Plaza, Stamford Town Center, Sunvalley, The Mall at University Town Center, and Westfarms. The Operating Partnership also provides certain management, leasing, and/or development services to the other shopping centers noted below.
Shopping Center
 
Ownership as of
September 30, 2017 and
December 31, 2016
CityOn.Xi'an
 
50%
CityOn.Zhengzhou
 
49
Country Club Plaza
 
50
Fair Oaks
 
50
International Plaza
 
50.1
The Mall at Millenia
 
50
Stamford Town Center
 
50
Starfield Hanam
 
34.3
Sunvalley
 
50
The Mall at University Town Center
 
50
Waterside Shops
 
50
Westfarms
 
79



Equity Method Investment Summarized Financial Information Text Block 
Combined Financial Information

Combined balance sheet and results of operations information is presented in the following table for the Unconsolidated Joint Ventures, followed by the Operating Partnership's beneficial interest in the combined operations information. The combined information of the Unconsolidated Joint Ventures as of December 31, 2016 excludes the balances of CityOn.Zhengzhou, which opened in March 2017. Beneficial interest is calculated based on the Operating Partnership's ownership interest in each of the Unconsolidated Joint Ventures.

 
September 30,
2017
 
December 31,
2016
Assets:
 
 
 
Properties
$
3,693,394

 
$
3,371,216

Accumulated depreciation and amortization
(733,742
)
 
(661,611
)
 
$
2,959,652

 
$
2,709,605

Cash and cash equivalents
120,860

 
83,882

Accounts and notes receivable, less allowance for doubtful accounts of $4,626 and $1,965 in 2017 and 2016
115,665

 
87,612

Deferred charges and other assets
120,857

 
67,167

 
$
3,317,034

 
$
2,948,266

 
 
 
 
Liabilities and accumulated equity (deficiency) in assets:
 

 
 

Notes payable, net (1)
$
2,829,847

 
$
2,706,628

Accounts payable and other liabilities
533,800

 
359,814

TRG's accumulated deficiency in assets
(98,402
)
 
(166,226
)
Unconsolidated Joint Venture Partners' accumulated equity in assets
51,789

 
48,050

 
$
3,317,034

 
$
2,948,266

 
 
 
 
TRG's accumulated deficiency in assets (above)
$
(98,402
)
 
$
(166,226
)
TRG's investment in and advances to CityOn.Zhengzhou
45,607

 
112,861

TRG basis adjustments, including elimination of intercompany profit
62,905

 
126,240

TCO's additional basis
49,611

 
51,070

Net investment in Unconsolidated Joint Ventures
$
59,721

 
$
123,945

Distributions in excess of investments in and net income of Unconsolidated Joint Ventures
503,291

 
480,863

Investment in Unconsolidated Joint Ventures
$
563,012

 
$
604,808


(1)
The Notes Payable, Net amount excludes the construction financing outstanding for CityOn.Zhengzhou of $70.5 million ($34.5 million at TRG's share) as of December 31, 2016.
 
Three Months Ended September 30
 
Nine Months Ended September 30
 
2017
 
2016
 
2017
 
2016
Revenues
$
146,406

 
$
119,277

 
$
429,679

 
$
325,231

Maintenance, taxes, utilities, promotion, and other operating expenses
$
59,494

 
$
43,248

 
$
159,854

 
$
114,960

Interest expense
32,108

 
26,583

 
97,198

 
73,669

Depreciation and amortization
31,907

 
26,613

 
95,103

 
61,736

Total operating costs
$
123,509

 
$
96,444

 
$
352,155

 
$
250,365

Nonoperating income (expense)
340

 
(594
)
 
2,551

 
512

Income tax expense
(276
)
 
(315
)
 
(4,139
)
 
(315
)
Gain on disposition, net of tax (1)


 
 
 
3,713

 
 
Net income
$
22,961

 
$
21,924

 
$
79,649

 
$
75,063

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net income attributable to TRG
$
12,585

 
$
11,058

 
$
42,833

 
$
40,851

Realized intercompany profit, net of depreciation on TRG’s basis adjustments
1,626

 
4,821

 
5,726

 
10,388

Depreciation of TCO's additional basis
(488
)
 
(488
)
 
(1,460
)
 
(1,460
)
Equity in income of Unconsolidated Joint Ventures
$
13,723

 
$
15,391

 
$
47,099

 
$
49,779

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Beneficial interest in Unconsolidated Joint Ventures’ operations:
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

Revenues less maintenance, taxes, utilities, promotion, and other operating expenses
$
47,063

 
$
44,975

 
$
147,310

 
$
125,102

Interest expense
(16,574
)
 
(14,274
)
 
(50,204
)
 
(39,009
)
Depreciation and amortization
(16,646
)
 
(14,995
)
 
(49,819
)
 
(35,999
)
Income tax expense
(120
)
 
(315
)
 
(2,271
)
 
(315
)
Gain on disposition, net of tax (1)


 
 
 
2,083

 
 
Equity in income of Unconsolidated Joint Ventures
$
13,723

 
$
15,391

 
$
47,099

 
$
49,779



(1)Amount represents the gain related to the sale of the Valencia Place office tower at Country Club Plaza in March 2017 (Note 2).
Beneficial Interest in Debt and Interest Expense (Tables)
Operating Partnership's beneficial interest

The Operating Partnership's beneficial interest in the debt, capitalized interest, and interest expense of its consolidated subsidiaries and its Unconsolidated Joint Ventures is summarized in the following table. The Operating Partnership's beneficial interest in the consolidated subsidiaries excludes debt and interest related to the noncontrolling interest in Cherry Creek Shopping Center (50%), International Market Place (6.5%), and The Mall of San Juan (5%) through its loan payoff in March 2017.
 
At 100%
 
At Beneficial Interest
 
 
Consolidated Subsidiaries
 
Unconsolidated Joint Ventures
 
Consolidated Subsidiaries
 
Unconsolidated Joint Ventures
 
Debt as of:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
September 30, 2017
$
3,438,307

 
$
2,829,847

 
$
3,144,885

 
$
1,447,922

 
December 31, 2016
3,255,512

 
2,777,162

 
2,949,440

 
1,425,511

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Capitalized interest:
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2017
$
9,552

(1) 
$
456

(2) 
$
9,480

(1) 
$
456

(2) 
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2016
17,892

(1) 
2,188

(2) 
17,841

(1) 
2,188

(2) 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Interest expense:
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2017
$
80,074

 
$
97,198

 
$
71,136

 
$
50,204

 
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2016
61,845

 
73,669

 
54,459

 
39,009

 


(1)
The Company capitalizes interest costs incurred in funding its equity contributions to development projects accounted for as Unconsolidated Joint Ventures. The capitalized interest cost is included in the Company's basis in its investment in Unconsolidated Joint Ventures. Such capitalized interest reduces interest expense on the Company's Consolidated Statement of Operations and Comprehensive Income and in the table above is included within Consolidated Subsidiaries.
(2)
Capitalized interest on the Asia Unconsolidated Joint Venture construction financings is presented at the Company's beneficial interest in both the Unconsolidated Joint Ventures (at 100%) and Unconsolidated Joint Ventures (at Beneficial Interest) columns.

Noncontrolling Interests (Tables)
Reconciliation Of Redeemable Noncontrolling Interest 
 
Nine Months Ended September 30
 
2017
 
2016
Balance, January 1
$
8,704

 
 
Former Taubman Asia President vested redeemable equity
446

 
$
13,582

Distributions


 
(7,150
)
Contributions


 
2,000

Allocation of net loss
(721
)
 
(362
)
Adjustments of redeemable noncontrolling interest
721

 
362

Balance, September 30
$
9,150

 
$
8,432

Net equity balance of noncontrolling interests 
The net equity balance of the non-redeemable noncontrolling interests as of September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016 included the following:
 
2017
 
2016
Non-redeemable noncontrolling interests:
 
 
 
Noncontrolling interests in consolidated joint ventures
$
(159,561
)
 
$
(155,919
)
Noncontrolling interests in partnership equity of TRG
(12,817
)
 
13,136

 
$
(172,378
)
 
$
(142,783
)
Net income (loss) attributable to noncontrolling interests 
Net income (loss) attributable to the noncontrolling interests for the three months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016 included the following:
 
Three Months Ended September 30
 
2017
 
2016
Net income (loss) attributable to noncontrolling interests:
 
 
 
Non-redeemable noncontrolling interests:
 
 
 
Noncontrolling share of income of consolidated joint ventures
$
1,524

 
$
1,779

Noncontrolling share of income of TRG
2,298

 
8,449

 
$
3,822

 
$
10,228

Redeemable noncontrolling interest:
(294
)
 
(117
)
 
$
3,528

 
$
10,111

Net income (loss) attributable to the noncontrolling interests for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016 included the following:
 
Nine Months Ended September 30
 
2017
 
2016
Net income (loss) attributable to noncontrolling interests:
 
 
 
Non-redeemable noncontrolling interests:
 
 
 
Noncontrolling share of income of consolidated joint ventures
$
5,000

 
$
6,175

Noncontrolling share of income of TRG
16,302

 
34,435

 
$
21,302

 
$
40,610

Redeemable noncontrolling interest:
(721
)
 
(362
)
 
$
20,581

 
$
40,248

Effects of changes in ownership interest in consolidated subsidiaries on equity 
The following table presents the effects of changes in Taubman Centers, Inc.’s ownership interest in consolidated subsidiaries on Taubman Centers, Inc.’s equity for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016:
 
Nine Months Ended September 30
 
2017
 
2016
Net income attributable to Taubman Centers, Inc. common shareowners
$
35,016

 
$
78,083

Transfers (to) from the noncontrolling interest:
 

 
 

(Decrease) increase in Taubman Centers, Inc.’s paid-in capital for adjustments of noncontrolling interest (1)
(490
)
 
2,167

Net transfers (to) from noncontrolling interests
(490
)
 
2,167

Change from net income attributable to Taubman Centers, Inc. and transfers (to) from noncontrolling interests
$
34,526

 
$
80,250


(1)
In 2017 and 2016, adjustments of the noncontrolling interest were made as a result of changes in the Company's ownership of the Operating Partnership in connection with the Company's share-based compensation under employee and director benefit plans (Note 8) and issuances of common stock pursuant to the Continuing Offer (Note 9). In 2017 and 2016, adjustments of the noncontrolling interest were also made in connection with the accounting for the Former Asia President's redeemable ownership interest.

Derivative and Hedging Activities (Tables)
Interest rate derivatives designated as cash flow hedges 
As of September 30, 2017, the Company had the following outstanding derivatives that were designated and are expected to be effective as cash flow hedges of the interest payments and/or the currency exchange rate on the associated debt.
Instrument Type

Ownership

Notional Amount

Swap Rate

Credit Spread on Loan

Total Swapped Rate on Loan

Maturity Date
Consolidated Subsidiaries:

 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Receive variable (LIBOR) /pay-fixed swap (1)

100
%

$
200,000

 
1.64
%
 
1.45
%
(1) 
3.09
%
(1) 
February 2019
Receive variable (LIBOR) /pay-fixed swap (1)

100
%

175,000

 
1.65
%
 
1.45
%
(1) 
3.10
%
(1) 
February 2019
Receive variable (LIBOR) /pay-fixed swap (1)

100
%

100,000

 
1.64
%
 
1.45
%
(1) 
3.09
%
(1) 
February 2019
Receive variable (LIBOR) /pay-fixed swap (2)
 
100
%
 
100,000

 


(2) 


(2) 


(2) 
February 2022
Receive variable (LIBOR) /pay-fixed swap (2)
 
100
%
 
100,000

 


(2) 


(2) 


(2) 
February 2022
Receive variable (LIBOR) /pay-fixed swap (2)
 
100
%
 
50,000

 


(2) 


(2) 


(2) 
February 2022
Receive variable (LIBOR) /pay-fixed swap (2)
 
100
%
 
50,000

 


(2) 


(2) 


(2) 
February 2022
Receive variable (LIBOR) /pay-fixed swap (3)
 
100
%
 
12,000

 
2.09
%
(3) 
1.40
%
(3) 
3.49
%
(3) 
March 2024
Unconsolidated Joint Ventures:

 


 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 
Receive variable (LIBOR) /pay-fixed swap (4)

50
%

130,801

 
2.40
%
 
1.70
%
 
4.10
%
 
April 2018
Receive variable (LIBOR) /pay-fixed swap (4)

50
%

130,801

 
2.40
%
 
1.70
%
 
4.10
%
 
April 2018
Receive variable (LIBOR) /pay-fixed swap (5)
 
50.1
%
 
166,500

 
1.83
%
 
1.75
%
 
3.58
%
 
December 2021
Receive variable (LIBOR) USD/pay-fixed Korean Won (KRW) cross-currency interest rate swap (6)
 
34.3
%
 
52,065 USD / 60,500,000 KRW

 
1.52
%
 
1.60
%
 
3.12
%
 
September 2020

(1)
The hedged forecasted transaction for each of these swaps is the first previously unhedged one-month LIBOR-indexed interest payments accrued and made each month on a debt principal amount equal to the swap notional amount, regardless of the specific debt agreement from which they may flow. The Company is currently using these swaps to manage interest rate risk on the $475 million unsecured term loan. The credit spread on this loan can also vary within a range of 1.35% to 1.90%, depending on the Company's total leverage ratio at the measurement date, resulting in an effective rate in the range of 2.99% to 3.55% during the swap period.
(2)
The hedged forecasted transaction for each of these swaps is the first previously unhedged one-month LIBOR-indexed interest payments accrued and made each month on a debt principal amount equal to the swap notional amount, regardless of the specific debt agreement from which they may flow, beginning with the January 2018 effective date of the swaps. The Company anticipates using these forward starting swaps to manage interest rate risk on the $300 million unsecured term loan beginning with the January 2018 effective date. Beginning in January 2018, the LIBOR rate will be swapped to a fixed rate of 2.14%. The credit spread on this loan can vary within a range of 1.25% to 1.90%, depending on the Company's total leverage ratio at the measurement date, resulting in an effective rate in the range of 3.39% to 4.04% during the swap period.
(3)
The notional amount on this swap is equal to the outstanding principal balance of the floating rate loan on the U.S. headquarters building.
(4)
The notional amount on each of these swaps is equal to 50% of the outstanding principal balance of the loan on Fair Oaks.
(5)
The notional amount on this swap is equal to the outstanding principal balance of the floating rate loan on International Plaza.
(6)
The notional amount on this swap is equal to the outstanding principal balance of the U.S. dollar construction loan for Starfield Hanam. There is a cross-currency interest rate swap to fix the interest rate on the loan and swap the related principal and interest payments from U.S. dollars to KRW in order to reduce the impact of fluctuations in interest rates and exchange rates on the cash flows of the joint venture. The currency swap exchange rate is 1,162.0.


Effect of derivative instruments on the Consolidated Statement of Operations and Comprehensive Income 
 
Amount of Gain or (Loss) Recognized in OCI on Derivative (Effective Portion)
 
Location of Gain or (Loss) Reclassified from AOCI into Income (Effective Portion)
 
Amount of Gain or (Loss) Reclassified from AOCI into Income (Effective Portion)
 
Nine Months Ended September 30
 
 
 
Nine Months Ended September 30
 
2017
 
2016
 
 
 
2017
 
2016
Derivatives in cash flow hedging relationships:
 
 
 
 

 
 
 
 
Interest rate contracts – consolidated subsidiaries
$
(257
)
 
$
(4,366
)
 
Interest Expense
 
$
(2,409
)
 
$
(4,457
)
Interest rate contracts – UJVs
1,693

 
(1,712
)
 
Equity in Income of UJVs
 
(1,920
)
 
(2,876
)
Cross-currency interest rate contract – UJV
(32
)
 
(334
)
 
Equity in Income of UJVs
 
(982
)
 
(1,279
)
Total derivatives in cash flow hedging relationships
$
1,404

 
$
(6,412
)
 
 
 
$
(5,311
)
 
$
(8,612
)


 
Amount of Gain or (Loss) Recognized in OCI on Derivative (Effective Portion)
 
Location of Gain or (Loss) Reclassified from AOCI into Income (Effective Portion)
 
Amount of Gain or (Loss) Reclassified from AOCI into Income (Effective Portion)
 
Three Months Ended September 30
 
 
 
Three Months Ended September 30
 
2017
 
2016
 
 
 
2017
 
2016
Derivatives in cash flow hedging relationships:
 
 
 
 

 
 
 
 
Interest rate contracts – consolidated subsidiaries
$
472

 
$
2,933

 
Interest Expense
 
$
(533
)
 
$
(1,446
)
Interest rate contracts – UJVs
454

 
1,682

 
Equity in Income of UJVs
 
(523
)
 
(940
)
Cross-currency interest rate contract – UJV
(13
)
 
146

 
Equity in Income of UJVs
 
22

 
(855
)
Total derivatives in cash flow hedging relationships
$
913

 
$
4,761

 
 
 
$
(1,034
)
 
$
(3,241
)



Location and fair value of derivative instruments as reported in the Consolidated Balance Sheet 
The Company records all derivative instruments at fair value on the Consolidated Balance Sheet. The following table presents the location and fair value of the Company’s derivative financial instruments as reported on the Consolidated Balance Sheet as of September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016.
 
 
 
Fair Value
 
Consolidated Balance Sheet Location
 
September 30,
2017
 
December 31,
2016
Derivatives designated as hedging instruments:
 
 
 
 
 
Asset derivative:
 
 
 
 
 
Cross-currency interest rate swap - UJV
Investment in UJVs
 


 
$
381

Total assets designated as hedging instruments
 
 
$
—

 
$
381

 
 
 
 
 
 
Liability derivatives:
 
 
 

 
 
Interest rate contracts – consolidated subsidiaries
Accounts Payable and Accrued Liabilities
 
$
(3,806
)
 
$
(3,548
)
Interest rate contracts – UJVs
Investment in UJVs
 
(803
)
 
(2,496
)
Cross-currency interest rate swap – UJV
Investment in UJVs
 
(537
)
 


Total liabilities designated as hedging instruments
 
 
$
(5,146
)
 
$
(6,044
)
Share-Based Compensation (Tables)
Schedule of Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award Restricted Profits Units, Vested and Expected to Vest [Table Text Block] 
 
Number of Restricted TRG Profits Units
 
Weighted Average Grant-Date Fair Value
Outstanding at January 1, 2017
45,940

 
$
59.49

Granted
46,076

 
57.84

Outstanding at September 30, 2017
92,016

 
$
58.66

Schedule of Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, TSR Performance-Based Profits Units, Vested and Expected to Vest [Table Text Block] 
 
Number of relative TSR Performance-based TRG Profits Units
 
Weighted Average Grant-Date Fair Value
Outstanding at January 1, 2017
103,369

 
$
26.42

Granted
103,666

 
23.14

Outstanding at September 30, 2017
207,035

 
$
24.78

Schedule of Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, NOI Performance-Based Profits Units, Vested and Expected to Vest1 [Table Text Block] 
 
Number of NOI Performance-based TRG Profits Units
 
Weighted Average Grant-Date Fair Value
Outstanding at January 1, 2017
103,369

 
$
19.41

Granted
103,666

 
19.35

Outstanding at September 30, 2017
207,035

 
$
19.38

    
Schedule of Nonvested Performance-based Units Activity [Table Text Block] 
 
Number of TSR PSU
 
Weighted Average Grant-Date Fair Value
Outstanding at January 1, 2017
166,027

 
$
138.93

Vested - 2015 three-year grant
(2,885
)
(1) 
112.30

Vested - 2014 three-year grant
(43,803
)
(1) 
88.10

Vested - 2012 and 2013 special grants
(79,764
)
(1) 
181.99

Granted
5,046

 
80.16

Outstanding at September 30, 2017
44,621

 
$
106.91


(1)
Based on the Company's market performance relative to that of a peer group, the actual number of shares of common stock issued upon vesting during the nine months ended September 30, 2017 was 2,193 shares (0.76x), 27,166 shares (0.62x), and zero shares for the 2015 TSR PSU three-year grant, 2014 TSR PSU three-year grant, and the 2012 and 2013 TSR PSU special grants, respectively. That is, despite the completion of the applicable employee service requirements, the number of shares ultimately considered earned is determined by the extent to which the TSR market performance measure was achieved during the performance period. These 2015 TSR PSU three-year grants vested due to a retirement.
Schedule of Nonvested NOI Performance-based Units Activity [Table Text Block] 
 
Number of NOI PSU
 
Weighted Average Grant-Date Fair Value
Outstanding at January 1, 2017
 
 
 
Granted
5,046

 
$
67.04

Outstanding at September 30, 2017
5,046

 
$
67.04

Schedule of Nonvested Restricted Stock Units Activity [Table Text Block] 
 
Number of RSU
 
Weighted Average Grant-Date Fair Value
Outstanding at January 1, 2017
231,903

 
$
70.40

Vested
(111,617
)
 
66.33

Granted
87,350

 
64.45

Forfeited
(9,097
)
 
71.44

Outstanding at September 30, 2017
198,539

 
$
70.02

Earnings Per Share (Tables)
Basic and diluted earnings per share 
 
Three Months Ended September 30
 
Nine Months Ended September 30
 
2017

2016
 
2017
 
2016
Net income attributable to Taubman Centers, Inc. common shareowners (Numerator):
 

 
 
 
 
 
 
Basic
$
4,363

 
$
18,752

 
$
35,016

 
$
78,083

Impact of additional ownership of TRG
7

 
42

 
74

 
171

Diluted
$
4,370

 
$
18,794

 
$
35,090

 
$
78,254

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Shares (Denominator) – basic
60,710,184

 
60,396,902

 
60,654,026

 
60,341,863

Effect of dilutive securities
288,967

 
434,161

 
364,829

 
432,926

Shares (Denominator) – diluted
60,999,151

 
60,831,063

 
61,018,855

 
60,774,789

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Earnings per common share – basic
$
0.07

 
$
0.31

 
$
0.58

 
$
1.29

Earnings per common share – diluted
$
0.07

 
$
0.31

 
$
0.58

 
$
1.29

Schedule of Antidilutive Securities Excluded from Computation of Earnings Per Share [Table Text Block] 
The table below presents the potential common stock excluded from the calculation of diluted earnings per common share as they were anti-dilutive in the period presented.
 
Three Months Ended September 30
 
Nine Months Ended September 30
 
2017

2016
 
2017
 
2016
Weighted average noncontrolling TRG Units outstanding
4,164,979

 
3,979,571

 
4,082,322

 
3,991,803

Unissued TRG Units under unit option deferral elections
871,262

 
871,262

 
871,262

 
871,262



Fair Value Disclosures (Tables)
Schedule of Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring Basis [Table Text Block] 
For assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis, quantitative disclosure of the fair value for each major category of assets and liabilities is presented below:
 
 
Fair Value Measurements as of September 30, 2017 Using
 
Fair Value Measurements as of
December 31, 2016 Using
Description
 
Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets
(Level 1)
 
Significant Other Observable Inputs
(Level 2)
 
Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets
(Level 1)
 
Significant Other Observable Inputs
(Level 2)
SPG common shares
 
$
40,253

 
 
 
$
44,418

 
 
Insurance deposit
 
16,663

 
 

 
15,440

 
 

Total assets
 
$
56,916


$
—

 
$
59,858

 
$
—

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Derivative interest rate contracts (Note 7)
 
 

 
$
(3,806
)
 
 

 
$
(3,548
)
Total liabilities
 
 

 
$
(3,806
)
 
 

 
$
(3,548
)
Estimated fair value of notes payable 
The estimated fair values of notes payable at September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016 were as follows:
 
2017
 
2016
 
Carrying Value
 
Fair Value
 
Carrying Value
 
Fair Value
Notes payable, net
$
3,438,307

 
$
3,402,921

 
$
3,255,512

 
$
3,184,036




Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Tables)
9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2017
Sep. 30, 2016
OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossReclassificationAdjustmentOnDerivativesIncludedInNetIncomeNetOfTax [Table Text Block] 
The following table presents reclassifications out of AOCI for the nine months ended September 30, 2017:
Details about AOCI Components
 
Amounts reclassified from AOCI
 
Affected line item in Consolidated Statement of Operations and Comprehensive Income
Losses on interest rate instruments and other:
 
 
 
 
Realized loss on interest rate contracts - consolidated subsidiaries
 
$
2,409

 
Interest Expense
Realized loss on interest rate contracts - UJVs
 
1,920

 
Equity in Income of UJVs
Realized loss on cross-currency interest rate contract - UJV
 
982

 
Equity in Income of UJVs
Total reclassifications for the period
 
$
5,311

 
 
OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossReclassificationAdjustmentOnDerivativesIncludedInNetIncomeNetOfTax [Table Text Block] 
The following table presents reclassifications out of AOCI for the nine months ended September 30, 2016:
Details about AOCI Components
 
Amounts reclassified from AOCI
 
Affected line item in Consolidated Statement of Operations and Comprehensive Income
Losses on interest rate instruments and other:
 
 
 
 
Realized loss on interest rate contracts - consolidated subsidiaries
 
$
4,457

 
Interest Expense
Realized loss on interest rate contracts - UJVs
 
2,876

 
Equity in Income of UJVs
Realized loss on cross-currency interest rate contract - UJV
 
1,279

 
Equity in Income of UJVs
Total reclassifications for the period
 
$
8,612

 
 
Schedule of Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) [Table Text Block] 
Changes in the balance of each component of AOCI for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 were as follows:
 
Taubman Centers, Inc. AOCI
 
Noncontrolling Interests AOCI
 
Cumulative translation adjustment
 
Unrealized gains (losses) on interest rate instruments
 
Fair value adjustment for marketable equity securities
 
Total
 
Cumulative translation adjustment
 
Unrealized gains (losses) on interest rate instruments
 
Fair value adjustment for marketable equity securities
 
Total
January 1, 2017
$
(23,147
)
 
$
(12,467
)
 
$
(302
)
 
$
(35,916
)
 
$
(9,613
)
 
$
7,191

 
$
(126
)
 
$
(2,548
)
Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications
13,839

 
(2,769
)
 
(2,952
)
 
8,118

 
5,689

 
(1,138
)
 
(1,213
)
 
3,338

Amounts reclassified from AOCI
 
 
3,763

 
 
 
3,763

 
 
 
1,548

 
 
 
1,548

Net current period other comprehensive income (loss)
$
13,839

 
$
994

 
$
(2,952
)
 
$
11,881

 
$
5,689

 
$
410

 
$
(1,213
)
 
$
4,886

Adjustments due to changes in ownership
(69
)
 
53

 
 
 
(16
)
 
69

 
(53
)
 
 
 
16

September 30, 2017
$
(9,377
)
 
$
(11,420
)
 
$
(3,254
)
 
$
(24,051
)
 
$
(3,855
)
 
$
7,548

 
$
(1,339
)
 
$
2,354

Schedule of Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) [Table Text Block] 
Changes in the balance of each component of AOCI for the nine months ended September 30, 2016 were as follows:

 
Taubman Centers, Inc. AOCI
 
Noncontrolling Interests AOCI
 
Cumulative translation adjustment
 
Unrealized gains (losses) on interest rate instruments and other
 
Total
 
Cumulative translation adjustment
 
Unrealized gains (losses) on interest rate instruments and other
 
Total
January 1, 2016
$
(10,890
)
 
$
(16,330
)
 
$
(27,220
)
 
$
(4,531
)
 
$
5,595

 
$
1,064

Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications
5,320

 
(10,615
)
 
(5,295
)
 
2,209

 
(4,409
)
 
(2,200
)
Amounts reclassified from AOCI

 
6,085

 
6,085

 


 
2,527

 
2,527

Net current period other comprehensive income (loss)
$
5,320

 
$
(4,530
)
 
$
790

 
$
2,209

 
$
(1,882
)
 
$
327

Adjustments due to changes in ownership
(7
)
 
7

 
—

 
7

 
(7
)
 
—

September 30, 2016
$
(5,577
)
 
$
(20,853
)
 
$
(26,430
)
 
$
(2,315
)
 
$
3,706

 
$
1,391

Interim Financial Statements (Details)
Sep. 30, 2017
Dec. 31, 2016
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]
 
 
Number of urban and suburban shopping centers in the Company's owned portfolio
24 
 
Number of states in which Company operates
11 
 
Westfarms [Member]
 
 
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]
 
 
Ownership percentage (in hundredths)
79.00% 
79.00% 
International Plaza [Member]
 
 
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]
 
 
Ownership percentage (in hundredths)
50.10% 
50.10% 
Interim Financial Statements (Operating Partnership) (Details) (USD $)
3 Months Ended 9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2017
Sep. 30, 2017
Sep. 30, 2016
Dec. 31, 2016
The Operating Partnership [Abstract]
 
 
 
 
Number Of Classes Of Preferred Stock
 
three 
 
 
Common stock, shares outstanding
60,712,037 
60,712,037 
 
60,430,613 
Number Of Classes Of Preferred Equity
 
two 
 
 
Noncontrolling Interest, Ownership Percentage by Parent
71.00% 
71.00% 
 
 
Limited Liability Company (LLC) or Limited Partnership (LP), Managing Member or General Partner, Ownership Interest
 
71.00% 
71.00% 
 
Units of Partnership Interest, Amount
85,667,471 
85,667,471 
 
 
Number Of Operating Partnership Units Outstanding Owned By Company
60,712,037 
60,712,037 
 
 
Restructuring Charges
$ 1,751,000 
$ 4,063,000 
 
 
Restructuring Reserve
1,800,000 
1,800,000 
 
 
Costs Associated With Shareowner Activism
$ 3,500,000 
$ 12,000,000 
 
 
Substantial Doubt about Going Concern, Management's Evaluation
 
When preparing financial statements for each annual and interim reporting period, management has the responsibility to evaluate whether there are conditions or events, considered in the aggregate, that raise substantial doubt about the Company's ability to continue as a going concern within one year after the date that the financial statements are issued. No such conditions or events were identified as of the issuance date of the financial statements contained in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. 
 
 
Series J Preferred Stock [Member]
 
 
 
 
The Operating Partnership [Abstract]
 
 
 
 
Dividend rate (in hundredths)
 
6.50% 
 
 
Preferred Stock, Shares Outstanding
7,700,000 
7,700,000 
 
7,700,000 
Series K Preferred Stock [Member]
 
 
 
 
The Operating Partnership [Abstract]
 
 
 
 
Dividend rate (in hundredths)
 
6.25% 
 
 
Preferred Stock, Shares Outstanding
6,800,000 
6,800,000 
 
6,800,000 
Series B Preferred Stock [Member]
 
 
 
 
The Operating Partnership [Abstract]
 
 
 
 
Units of Partnership Interest, Terms of Conversion
 
one share of nonparticipating Series B Preferred Stock per each unit of limited partnership in TRG (TRG Unit) 
 
 
Preferred Stock, voting rights
 
one vote per share 
 
 
Convertible Preferred Stock, Terms of Conversion
 
ratio of 14,000 shares of Series B Preferred Stock for one share of common stock 
 
 
Preferred Stock, Shares Outstanding
24,938,214 
24,938,214 
 
25,029,059 
Acquisition, Redevelopments, Developments, and Service Agreement (Details) (USD $)
9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2017
Sep. 30, 2016
Dec. 31, 2016
Acquisition, Redevelopments, Developments, and Service Agreement [Line Items]
 
 
 
Number of Real Estate Properties in Asia
3 
 
 
Notes Payable
$ 3,438,307,000 
 
$ 3,255,512,000 
Payments To Fund Development Project
10,998,000 
 
 
Increase (Decrease) in Restricted Cash and Investments
9,106,000 
103,463,000 
 
Management Leasing And Development Services, Lump Sum Payment
 
21,700,000 
 
Country Club Plaza [Member]
 
 
 
Acquisition, Redevelopments, Developments, and Service Agreement [Line Items]
 
 
 
Acquisition, Purchase Price, Excluding Transaction Costs
 
660,000,000 
 
Acquisition, Purchase Price, Excluding Transaction Costs, At Company's Share
 
330,000,000 
 
Equity Method Investment, Ownership Percentage
 
50.00% 
 
Debt Instrument, Term (in years)
 
10 
 
Notes Payable
 
320,000,000 
 
Notes Payable, At Beneficial Interest
 
160,000,000 
 
Proceeds from Sale of Real Estate
75,200,000 
 
 
Sale Price of Joint Venture Real Estate at Beneficial Interest
37,600,000 
 
 
South Korea [Member]
 
 
 
Acquisition, Redevelopments, Developments, and Service Agreement [Line Items]
 
 
 
Payments To Fund Development Project
10,998,000 
 
 
Potential Return On Investment
5.00% 
 
 
Taubman Asia [Member]
 
 
 
Acquisition, Redevelopments, Developments, and Service Agreement [Line Items]
 
 
 
Increase (Decrease) in Restricted Cash and Investments
6,400,000 
108,200,000 
 
Beverly Center and The Mall at Green Hills [Member]
 
 
 
Acquisition, Redevelopments, Developments, and Service Agreement [Line Items]
 
 
 
Number Of Ongoing Redevelopments
2 
 
 
Total Anticipated Project Costs
700,000,000 
 
 
Capitalized Project Costs
$ 342,900,000 
 
 
Income Taxes (Details) (USD $)
In Thousands, unless otherwise specified
3 Months Ended 9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2017
Sep. 30, 2016
Sep. 30, 2017
Sep. 30, 2016
Dec. 31, 2016
Income tax expense (benefit) [Abstract]
 
 
 
 
 
Federal current
$ 253 
$ 52 
$ (1,103)
$ 1,849 
 
Federal deferred
(204)
(666)
823 
(1,852)
 
Foreign current
370 
72 
712 
222 
 
Foreign deferred
(176)
168 
(136)
99 
 
State current
(202)
45 
(61)
252 
 
State deferred
13 
(131)
140 
(286)
 
Total income tax expense (benefit)
54 
(460)
375 
284 
 
Deferred tax assets:
 
 
 
 
 
Deferred tax assets
3,908 
 
3,908 
 
5,838 
Valuation allowances
(1,636)
 
(1,636)
 
(1,812)
Net deferred tax assets
2,272 
 
2,272 
 
4,026 
Deferred tax liabilities:
 
 
 
 
 
Deferred tax liabilities
1,319 
 
1,319 
 
1,124 
Domestic Country [Member]
 
 
 
 
 
Deferred tax assets:
 
 
 
 
 
Deferred tax assets
1,313 
 
1,313 
 
3,230 
Foreign Country [Member]
 
 
 
 
 
Deferred tax assets:
 
 
 
 
 
Deferred tax assets
2,005 
 
2,005 
 
1,673 
Deferred tax liabilities:
 
 
 
 
 
Deferred tax liabilities
1,319 
 
1,319 
 
1,124 
State and Local Jurisdiction [Member]
 
 
 
 
 
Deferred tax assets:
 
 
 
 
 
Deferred tax assets
$ 590 
 
$ 590 
 
$ 935 
Investments in Unconsolidated Joint Ventures (Details) (USD $)
In Millions, unless otherwise specified
9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2017
Dec. 31, 2016
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]
 
 
Notes Receivable, Related Parties
$ 45.6 
$ 43.2 
Depreciable Basis In Years
40 years 
 
Equity of certain joint ventures
less than zero 
 
CityOn.Xi'an [Member]
 
 
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]
 
 
Equity Method Investment, Ownership Percentage
50.00% 
50.00% 
CityOn.Zhengzhou [Member]
 
 
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]
 
 
Equity Method Investment, Ownership Percentage
49.00% 
49.00% 
Country Club Plaza [Member]
 
 
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]
 
 
Equity Method Investment, Ownership Percentage
50.00% 
50.00% 
Fair Oaks [Member]
 
 
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]
 
 
Equity Method Investment, Ownership Percentage
50.00% 
50.00% 
International Plaza [Member]
 
 
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]
 
 
Equity Method Investment, Ownership Percentage
50.10% 
50.10% 
The Mall at Millenia [Member]
 
 
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]
 
 
Equity Method Investment, Ownership Percentage
50.00% 
50.00% 
Stamford Town Center [Member]
 
 
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]
 
 
Equity Method Investment, Ownership Percentage
50.00% 
50.00% 
Starfield Hanam [Member]
 
 
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]
 
 
Equity Method Investment, Ownership Percentage
34.30% 
34.30% 
Sunvalley [Member]
 
 
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]
 
 
Equity Method Investment, Ownership Percentage
50.00% 
50.00% 
The Mall at University Town Center [Member]
 
 
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]
 
 
Equity Method Investment, Ownership Percentage
50.00% 
50.00% 
Waterside Shops [Member]
 
 
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]
 
 
Equity Method Investment, Ownership Percentage
50.00% 
50.00% 
Westfarms [Member]
 
 
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]
 
 
Equity Method Investment, Ownership Percentage
79.00% 
79.00% 
Investments in Unconsolidated Joint Ventures (Combined Financial Information Balance Sheet) (Details) (USD $)
Sep. 30, 2017
Dec. 31, 2016
Assets:
 
 
Properties
$ 3,693,394,000 
$ 3,371,216,000 
Accumulated depreciation and amortization
(733,742,000)
(661,611,000)
Properties, net
2,959,652,000 
2,709,605,000 
Cash and cash equivalents
120,860,000 
83,882,000 
Allowance for doubtful accounts
4,626,000 
1,965,000 
Accounts and notes receivable, less allowance for doubtful accounts of $4,626 and $1,965 in 2017 and 2016
115,665,000 
87,612,000 
Deferred charges and other assets
120,857,000 
67,167,000 
Total Assets
3,317,034,000 
2,948,266,000 
Liabilities and accumulated equity (deficiency) in assets:
 
 
Notes payable, net (1)
2,829,847,000 
2,706,628,000 
Accounts payable and other liabilities
533,800,000 
359,814,000 
TRG's accumulated deficiency in assets
(98,402,000)
(166,226,000)
Unconsolidated Joint Venture Partners' accumulated equity in assets
51,789,000 
48,050,000 
Total Liabilities and Accumulated Equity (Deficiency) in Assets
3,317,034,000 
2,948,266,000 
TRG's accumulated deficiency in assets (above)
(98,402,000)
(166,226,000)
TRG's investment in and advances to CityOn.Zhengzhou
45,607,000 
112,861,000 
TRG basis adjustments, including elimination of intercompany profit
62,905,000 
126,240,000 
TCO's additional basis
49,611,000 
51,070,000 
Net investment in Unconsolidated Joint Ventures
59,721,000 
123,945,000 
Distributions in excess of investments in and net income of Unconsolidated Joint Ventures
503,291,000 
480,863,000 
Investment in Unconsolidated Joint Ventures
563,012,000 
604,808,000 
CityOn.Zhengzhou [Member]
 
 
Liabilities and accumulated equity (deficiency) in assets:
 
 
Construction Loan
 
70,500,000 
Construction Loan, At Beneficial Interest
 
$ 34,500,000 
Investments in Unconsolidated Joint Ventures (Combined Financial Information Income Statement) (Details) (USD $)
In Thousands, unless otherwise specified
3 Months Ended 9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2017
Sep. 30, 2016
Sep. 30, 2017
Sep. 30, 2016
Equity method investment, summarized financial information, income statement [Abstract]
 
 
 
 
Revenues
$ 146,406 
$ 119,277 
$ 429,679 
$ 325,231 
Maintenance, taxes, utilities, promotion, and other operating expenses
59,494 
43,248 
159,854 
114,960 
Interest expense
32,108 
26,583 
97,198 
73,669 
Depreciation and amortization
31,907 
26,613 
95,103 
61,736 
Total operating costs
123,509 
96,444 
352,155 
250,365 
Nonoperating income (expense)
340 
(594)
2,551 
512 
Income tax expense
(276)
(315)
(4,139)
(315)
Gain on disposition, net of tax (1)
   
 
3,713 
 
Net income
22,961 
21,924 
79,649 
75,063 
Net income attributable to TRG
12,585 
11,058 
42,833 
40,851 
Realized intercompany profit, net of depreciation on TRG’s basis adjustments
1,626 
4,821 
5,726 
10,388 
Depreciation of TCO's additional basis
(488)
(488)
(1,460)
(1,460)
Equity in income of Unconsolidated Joint Ventures
13,723 
15,391 
47,099 
49,779 
Beneficial interest in Unconsolidated Joint Ventures’ operations:
 
 
 
 
Revenues less maintenance, taxes, utilities, promotion, and other operating expenses
47,063 
44,975 
147,310 
125,102 
Interest expense
(16,574)
(14,274)
(50,204)
(39,009)
Depreciation and amortization
(16,646)
(14,995)
(49,819)
(35,999)
Income tax expense
(120)
(315)
(2,271)
(315)
Gain on disposition, net of tax (1)
    
 
$ 2,083 
 
Beneficial Interest in Debt and Interest Expense (Details) (USD $)
In Thousands, unless otherwise specified
3 Months Ended 9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2017
Sep. 30, 2016
Sep. 30, 2017
Sep. 30, 2016
Dec. 31, 2016
At 100% [Abstract]
 
 
 
 
 
Notes Payable
$ 3,438,307 
 
$ 3,438,307 
 
$ 3,255,512 
Equity Method Investment, Summarized Financial Information, Noncurrent Liabilities
2,829,847 
 
2,829,847 
 
2,777,162 
Capitalized interest, consolidated subsidiaries at 100%
 
 
9,552 
17,900 
 
Capitalized interest, unconsolidated joint ventures @100%
 
 
456 
2,188 
 
Interest expense, consolidated subsidiaries at 100%
27,782 
22,129 
80,074 
61,845 
 
Interest Expense, Unconsolidated Joint Ventures, at 100%
 
 
97,198 
73,669 
 
At beneficial interest [Abstract]
 
 
 
 
 
Debt Consolidated Subsidiaries At Beneficial Interest
3,144,885 
 
3,144,885 
 
2,949,440 
Debt, unconsolidated joint ventures at beneficial interest
1,447,922 
 
1,447,922 
 
1,425,511 
Capitalized interest, consolidated subsidiaries at beneficial interest
 
 
9,480 
17,841 
 
Capitalized Interest, Unconsolidated Joint Ventures at Beneficial Interest
 
 
456 
2,188 
 
Interest expense, consolidated subsidiaries at beneficial interest
 
 
71,136 
54,459 
 
Interest expense, unconsolidated joint ventures at beneficial interest
16,574 
14,274 
50,204 
39,009 
 
Cherry Creek Shopping Center [Member]
 
 
 
 
 
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
 
 
 
 
 
Noncontrolling Interest, Ownership Percentage by Noncontrolling Owners
50.00% 
 
50.00% 
 
 
International Market Place [Member]
 
 
 
 
 
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
 
 
 
 
 
Noncontrolling Interest, Ownership Percentage by Noncontrolling Owners
6.50% 
 
6.50% 
 
 
At 100% [Abstract]
 
 
 
 
 
Notes Payable
$ 293,800 
 
$ 293,800 
 
 
The Mall of San Juan [Member]
 
 
 
 
 
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
 
 
 
 
 
Noncontrolling Interest, Ownership Percentage by Noncontrolling Owners
5.00% 
 
5.00% 
 
 
Beneficial Interest in Debt and Interest Expense (Specific Debt Instrument Detail) (Details) (USD $)
9 Months Ended 9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2017
Dec. 31, 2016
Sep. 30, 2017
The Mall of San Juan [Member]
Sep. 30, 2017
The Mall at Green Hills [Member]
Sep. 30, 2017
International Market Place [Member]
Sep. 30, 2017
Unsecured Debt Secondary Term Loan [Member]
Sep. 30, 2017
Secondary Line of Credit [Member]
Sep. 30, 2017
Line of Credit [Member]
Sep. 30, 2017
Unsecured Debt [Member]
Sep. 30, 2017
Maximum [Member]
Unsecured Debt Secondary Term Loan [Member]
Sep. 30, 2017
Minimum [Member]
Unsecured Debt Secondary Term Loan [Member]
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Debt Instrument, Description of Variable Rate Basis
 
 
 
 
 
LIBOR 
 
 
 
 
 
Debt Instrument, Basis Spread on Variable Rate
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
1.90% 
1.25% 
Unsecured Debt
 
 
 
 
 
$ 300,000,000 
 
 
$ 475,000,000 
 
 
Debt Instrument, Maturity Date, Description
 
 
 
 
 
February 2022 
 
February 2021 
 
 
 
Number of Extension Options
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
two 
 
 
 
Line of Credit Facility, Maximum Borrowing Capacity
 
 
 
 
 
 
65,000,000 
1,100,000,000 
 
 
 
Maximum Borrowing Capacity Including Accordion Feature
 
 
 
 
 
2,000,000 
 
2,000,000,000 
 
 
 
Notes Payable, Net
3,438,307,000 
3,255,512,000 
 
 
293,800,000 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Length Of Extension Option
 
 
 
one-year 
one-year 
 
one year 
six-month 
 
 
 
Construction Loan
 
 
$ 302,400,000 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Beneficial Interest in Debt and Interest Expense (Debt Covenants and Guarantees) (Details) (USD $)
9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2017
Dec. 31, 2016
Guarantor Obligations [Line Items]
 
 
Other Restrictions on Payment of Dividends
0.95 
 
Notes Payable, Net
$ 3,438,307,000 
$ 3,255,512,000 
Restricted cash
3,660,000 
932,000 
International Market Place [Member]
 
 
Guarantor Obligations [Line Items]
 
 
Unconditional Guaranty Liability, Principal Balance, Percent
100.00% 
 
Unconditional Guaranty Liability, Interest, Percent
100.00% 
 
Construction Facility, Maximum Borrowing Capacity
330,900,000 
 
Notes Payable, Net
293,800,000 
 
Interest Payable
700,000 
 
International Plaza [Member]
 
 
Guarantor Obligations [Line Items]
 
 
Derivative, Net Liability Position, Aggregate Fair Value
100,000 
 
Company's Percentage Share of Derivative Guarantee
50.10% 
 
Debt Instrument, Face Amount
175,000,000 
 
Interest Payable
$ 100,000 
 
Noncontrolling Interests (Details) (USD $)
3 Months Ended 9 Months Ended 12 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2017
Sep. 30, 2016
Sep. 30, 2017
Sep. 30, 2016
Dec. 31, 2016
Noncontrolling Interest [Line Items]
 
 
 
 
 
Redeemable Noncontrolling Interest, Equity, Carrying Amount
$ 9,150,000 
$ 8,432,000 
$ 9,150,000 
$ 8,432,000 
$ 8,704,000 
Ownership percentage in consolidated subsidiary (in hundredths)
71.00% 
 
71.00% 
 
 
Noncontrolling Interest in Net Income (Loss) Joint Venture Partners, Nonredeemable
1,524,000 
1,779,000 
5,000,000 
 
6,175,000 
Noncontrolling Interest in Net Income (Loss) Operating Partnerships, Nonredeemable
2,298,000 
8,449,000 
16,302,000 
 
34,435,000 
Net Income (Loss) Attributable to Nonredeemable Noncontrolling Interest
3,822,000 
10,228,000 
21,302,000 
40,610,000 
 
Net Income (Loss) Attributable to Redeemable Noncontrolling Interest
(294,000)
(117,000)
(721,000)
(362,000)
 
Net Income (Loss) Attributable to Noncontrolling Interest
3,528,000 
10,111,000 
20,581,000 
40,248,000 
 
Reconciliation Of Redeemable Noncontrolling Interests [Roll Forward]
 
 
 
 
 
Redeemable Noncontrolling Interest, Equity, Carrying Amount
 
 
8,704,000 
 
 
Former Taubman Asia President vested redeemable equity
 
 
446,000 
13,582,000 
 
Allocation of net loss to redeemable noncontrolling interest
(294,000)
(117,000)
(721,000)
(362,000)
 
Adjustments of redeemable noncontrolling interest
 
 
721,000 
362,000 
 
Redeemable Noncontrolling Interest, Equity, Carrying Amount
9,150,000 
8,432,000 
9,150,000 
8,432,000 
8,704,000 
Non-redeemable noncontrolling interests:
 
 
 
 
 
Noncontrolling interests in consolidated joint ventures
(159,561,000)
 
(159,561,000)
 
(155,919,000)
Noncontrolling interests in partnership equity of TRG
(12,817,000)
 
(12,817,000)
 
13,136,000 
Noncontrolling interests
(172,378,000)
 
(172,378,000)
 
(142,783,000)
Effects of changes in ownership interest in consolidated subsidiaries on equity [Abstract]
 
 
 
 
 
Net income attributable to Taubman Centers, Inc. common shareowners
4,363,000 
18,752,000 
35,016,000 
78,083,000 
 
(Decrease) increase in Taubman Centers, Inc.’s paid-in capital for adjustments of noncontrolling interest (1)
 
 
(721,000)
(362,000)
 
Change from net income attributable to Taubman Centers, Inc. and transfers (to) from noncontrolling interests
 
 
34,526,000 
80,250,000 
 
Former Taubman Asia Redeemable Noncontrolling Interest [Member]
 
 
 
 
 
Noncontrolling Interest [Line Items]
 
 
 
 
 
Percentage of dividends to which the President is entitled (in hundredths)
 
 
5.00% 
 
 
Percentage of President's dividends withheld as contributions to capital (in hundredths)
 
 
85.00% 
 
 
Redeemable Noncontrolling Interest, Equity, Carrying Amount
9,200,000 
 
9,200,000 
 
8,700,000 
Percentage Of Asia President's interest To Which Is Puttable Beginning In 2019
 
 
5.00% 
10.00% 
 
Net Income (Loss) Attributable to Redeemable Noncontrolling Interest
 
 
(721,000)
(362,000)
 
Reconciliation Of Redeemable Noncontrolling Interests [Roll Forward]
 
 
 
 
 
Redeemable Noncontrolling Interest, Equity, Carrying Amount
 
 
8,700,000 
 
 
Former Taubman Asia President vested redeemable equity
 
 
446,000 
13,582,000 
 
Distributions to redeemable noncontrolling interest
 
 
   
(7,150,000)
(7,150,000)
Contributions
 
 
   
2,000,000 
2,000,000 
Allocation of net loss to redeemable noncontrolling interest
 
 
(721,000)
(362,000)
 
Redeemable Noncontrolling Interest, Equity, Carrying Amount
9,200,000 
 
9,200,000 
 
8,700,000 
Taubman Successor Asia President Redeemable Noncontrolling Interest [Member]
 
 
 
 
 
Noncontrolling Interest [Line Items]
 
 
 
 
 
Percentage of dividends to which the President is entitled (in hundredths)
 
 
3.00% 
 
 
Percentage of President's dividends withheld as contributions to capital (in hundredths)
 
 
100.00% 
 
 
Temporary Equity Redemption Percentage 2017 to as Early as June 2020
 
 
50.00% 
 
 
Redeemable Noncontrolling Interest, Equity, Carrying Amount
0 
 
0 
 
 
Temporary Equity Redemption Percentage Beginning as Early as June 2020
 
 
100.00% 
 
 
Reconciliation Of Redeemable Noncontrolling Interests [Roll Forward]
 
 
 
 
 
Redeemable Noncontrolling Interest, Equity, Carrying Amount
0 
 
0 
 
 
International Market Place [Member]
 
 
 
 
 
Noncontrolling Interest [Line Items]
 
 
 
 
 
Percentage of noncontrolling interests (in hundredths)
6.50% 
 
6.50% 
 
 
Redeemable Noncontrolling Interest, Equity, Carrying Amount
0 
 
0 
 
0 
Ownership percentage in consolidated subsidiary (in hundredths)
93.50% 
 
93.50% 
 
 
Reconciliation Of Redeemable Noncontrolling Interests [Roll Forward]
 
 
 
 
 
Redeemable Noncontrolling Interest, Equity, Carrying Amount
0 
 
0 
 
0 
Finite Life Entities [Member]
 
 
 
 
 
Non-redeemable noncontrolling interests:
 
 
 
 
 
Noncontrolling interests
(159,600,000)
 
(159,600,000)
 
 
Finite Life Entities [Abstract]
 
 
 
 
 
Termination date of partnership agreement
 
 
Jan. 01, 2083 
 
 
Estimated Fair Value Of Noncontrolling Interests
360,000,000 
 
360,000,000 
 
 
Additional Paid-in Capital [Member]
 
 
 
 
 
Reconciliation Of Redeemable Noncontrolling Interests [Roll Forward]
 
 
 
 
 
Former Taubman Asia President vested redeemable equity
 
 
446,000 
13,582,000 
 
Effects of changes in ownership interest in consolidated subsidiaries on equity [Abstract]
 
 
 
 
 
(Decrease) increase in Taubman Centers, Inc.’s paid-in capital for adjustments of noncontrolling interest (1)
 
 
(490,000)
2,167,000 
 
Net transfers (to) from noncontrolling interests
 
 
(490,000)
2,167,000 
 
Consolidated Subsidiaries Interest Rate Swap 4 [Domain]
 
 
 
 
 
Noncontrolling Interest [Line Items]
 
 
 
 
 
Unsecured Debt
$ 300,000,000 
 
$ 300,000,000 
 
 
Ownership percentage in consolidated subsidiary (in hundredths)
100.00% 
 
100.00% 
 
 
Finite Life Entities [Abstract]
 
 
 
 
 
Derivative, Lower Range of Basis Spread, Variable Rate
1.25% 
 
1.25% 
 
 
Derivative, Higher Range of Basis Spread, Variable Rate
1.90% 
 
1.90% 
 
 
Derivative and Hedging Activities (Interest Rate Derivatives) (Details)
3 Months Ended 9 Months Ended 9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2017
Sep. 30, 2016
Unsecured Debt [Member]
USD ($)
Sep. 30, 2016
Unsecured Debt [Member]
USD ($)
Sep. 30, 2017
Unsecured Debt [Member]
USD ($)
Sep. 30, 2017
Consolidated Subsidiaries Interest Rate Swap 1 [Domain]
USD ($)
Sep. 30, 2017
Consolidated Subsidiaries Interest Rate Swap 1 [Domain]
London Interbank Offered Rate (LIBOR) [Member]
Sep. 30, 2017
Consolidated Subsidiaries Interest Rate Swap 2 [Domain]
USD ($)
Sep. 30, 2017
Consolidated Subsidiaries Interest Rate Swap 2 [Domain]
London Interbank Offered Rate (LIBOR) [Member]
Sep. 30, 2017
Consolidated Subsidiaries Interest Rate Swap 3 [Domain]
USD ($)
Sep. 30, 2017
Consolidated Subsidiaries Interest Rate Swap 3 [Domain]
London Interbank Offered Rate (LIBOR) [Member]
Sep. 30, 2017
Consolidated Subsidiaries Interest Rate Swap 4 [Domain]
USD ($)
Sep. 30, 2017
Consolidated Subsidiaries Interest Rate Swap 4 [Domain]
London Interbank Offered Rate (LIBOR) [Member]
Sep. 30, 2017
Consolidated Subsidiaries Interest Rate Swap 5 [Domain]
USD ($)
Sep. 30, 2017
Consolidated Subsidiaries Interest Rate Swap 5 [Domain]
London Interbank Offered Rate (LIBOR) [Member]
Sep. 30, 2017
Consolidated Subsidiaries Interest Rate Swap 6 [Domain]
USD ($)
Sep. 30, 2017
Consolidated Subsidiaries Interest Rate Swap 6 [Domain]
London Interbank Offered Rate (LIBOR) [Member]
Sep. 30, 2017
Consolidated Subsidiaries Interest Rate Swap 7 [Domain]
USD ($)
Sep. 30, 2017
Consolidated Subsidiaries Interest Rate Swap 7 [Domain]
London Interbank Offered Rate (LIBOR) [Member]
Sep. 30, 2017
Consolidated Subsidiaries Interest Rate Swap 8 [Domain]
USD ($)
Sep. 30, 2017
Unconsolidated Joint Ventures Interest Rate Swap 1 [Member]
USD ($)
Sep. 30, 2017
Unconsolidated Joint Ventures Interest Rate Swap 2 (Member)
USD ($)
Sep. 30, 2017
Unconsolidated Joint Ventures Interest Rate Swap3 [Member]
USD ($)
Sep. 30, 2017
Unconsolidated Joint Ventures Interest Rate Swap 4 [Member]
USD ($)
Sep. 30, 2017
Unconsolidated Joint Ventures Interest Rate Swap 4 [Member]
KRW (?)
Derivative [Line Items]
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Derivative, Net Hedge Ineffectiveness Gain (Loss)
 
$ 500,000 
$ 200,000 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Derivative, Lower Range of Effective Rate, Variable Rate
 
 
 
 
2.99% 
 
3.00% 
 
2.99% 
 
3.39% 
 
3.39% 
 
3.39% 
 
3.39% 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Derivative, Upper Range of Effective Rate, Variable Rate
 
 
 
 
3.54% 
 
3.55% 
 
3.54% 
 
4.04% 
 
4.04% 
 
4.04% 
 
4.04% 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Cash flow hedges of interest rate risk [Abstract]
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Noncontrolling Interest, Ownership Percentage by Parent
71.00% 
 
 
 
100.00% 
 
100.00% 
 
100.00% 
 
100.00% 
 
100.00% 
 
100.00% 
 
100.00% 
 
100.00% 
50.00% 
50.00% 
50.10% 
34.30% 
34.30% 
Derivative, Notional Amount
 
 
 
 
200,000,000 
 
175,000,000 
 
100,000,000 
 
100,000,000 
 
100,000,000 
 
50,000,000 
 
50,000,000 
 
12,000,000 
130,801,000 
130,801,000 
166,500,000 
52,065,000 
60,500,000,000 
Derivative, Fixed Interest Rate
 
 
 
 
1.64% 
 
1.65% 
 
1.64% 
 
2.14% 
 
2.14% 
 
2.14% 
 
2.14% 
 
2.09% 
2.40% 
2.40% 
1.83% 
1.52% 
1.52% 
Derivative, Basis Spread on Variable Rate
 
 
 
 
1.45% 
 
1.45% 
 
1.45% 
 
   
 
   
 
   
 
   
 
1.40% 
1.70% 
1.70% 
1.75% 
1.60% 
1.60% 
Total Swapped Rate On Loan
 
 
 
 
3.09% 
 
3.10% 
 
3.09% 
 
   
 
   
 
   
 
   
 
3.49% 
4.10% 
4.10% 
3.58% 
3.12% 
3.12% 
Derivative, Maturity Date
 
 
 
 
Feb. 01, 2019 
 
Feb. 01, 2019 
 
Feb. 01, 2019 
 
Feb. 01, 2022 
 
Feb. 01, 2022 
 
Feb. 01, 2022 
 
Feb. 01, 2022 
 
Mar. 01, 2024 
Apr. 01, 2018 
Apr. 01, 2018 
Dec. 01, 2021 
Sep. 01, 2020 
Sep. 01, 2020 
Debt Instrument, Description of Variable Rate Basis
 
 
 
 
 
one-month LIBOR 
 
one-month LIBOR 
 
one-month LIBOR 
 
one-month LIBOR 
 
one-month LIBOR 
 
one-month LIBOR 
 
one-month LIBOR 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Unsecured Debt
 
 
 
$ 475,000,000 
$ 475,000,000 
 
$ 475,000,000 
 
$ 475,000,000 
 
$ 300,000,000 
 
$ 300,000,000 
 
$ 300,000,000 
 
$ 300,000,000 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Swapped Foreign Currency Exchange Rate
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
1,162.0 
1,162.0 
Derivative, Effective Date
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Jan. 01, 2018 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Derivative, Lower Range of Basis Spread, Variable Rate
 
 
 
 
1.35% 
 
1.35% 
 
1.35% 
 
1.25% 
 
1.25% 
 
1.25% 
 
1.25% 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Derivative, Higher Range of Basis Spread, Variable Rate
 
 
 
 
1.90% 
 
1.90% 
 
1.90% 
 
1.90% 
 
1.90% 
 
1.90% 
 
1.90% 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Derivative and Hedging Activities (Effect of Derivative Instruments on the Consolidated Statement of Operations and Comprehensive Income) (Details) (USD $)
3 Months Ended 9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2017
Sep. 30, 2016
Sep. 30, 2017
Sep. 30, 2016
Effect of derivative instruments on the Consolidated Statement of Operations and Comprehensive Income [Abstract]
 
 
 
 
Interest Rate Cash Flow Hedge Gain (Loss) to be Reclassified During Next 12 Months, Net
$ (3,400,000)
 
$ (3,400,000)
 
Cash Flow Hedging [Member]
 
 
 
 
Effect of derivative instruments on the Consolidated Statement of Operations and Comprehensive Income [Abstract]
 
 
 
 
Derivative Instruments, Gain (Loss) Recognized in Other Comprehensive Income (Loss), Effective Portion, Net
913,000 
4,761,000 
1,404,000 
(6,412,000)
Derivative Instruments, Gain (Loss) Reclassified from Accumulated OCI into Income, Effective Portion, Net
(1,034,000)
(3,241,000)
(5,311,000)
(8,612,000)
Consolidated Properties [Member] |
Cash Flow Hedging [Member] |
Interest Rate Contract [Member] |
Other comprehensive income [Member]
 
 
 
 
Effect of derivative instruments on the Consolidated Statement of Operations and Comprehensive Income [Abstract]
 
 
 
 
Derivative Instruments, Gain (Loss) Recognized in Other Comprehensive Income (Loss), Effective Portion, Net
472,000 
2,933,000 
(257,000)
(4,366,000)
Consolidated Properties [Member] |
Cash Flow Hedging [Member] |
Interest Rate Contract [Member] |
Interest expense [Member]
 
 
 
 
Effect of derivative instruments on the Consolidated Statement of Operations and Comprehensive Income [Abstract]
 
 
 
 
Derivative Instruments, Gain (Loss) Reclassified from Accumulated OCI into Income, Effective Portion, Net
(533,000)
(1,446,000)
(2,409,000)
(4,457,000)
Unconsolidated Properties [Member] |
Cash Flow Hedging [Member] |
Interest Rate Contract [Member] |
Other comprehensive income [Member]
 
 
 
 
Effect of derivative instruments on the Consolidated Statement of Operations and Comprehensive Income [Abstract]
 
 
 
 
Derivative Instruments, Gain (Loss) Recognized in Other Comprehensive Income (Loss), Effective Portion, Net
454,000 
1,682,000 
1,693,000 
(1,712,000)
Unconsolidated Properties [Member] |
Cash Flow Hedging [Member] |
Interest Rate Contract [Member] |
Equity Method Investments [Member]
 
 
 
 
Effect of derivative instruments on the Consolidated Statement of Operations and Comprehensive Income [Abstract]
 
 
 
 
Derivative Instruments, Gain (Loss) Reclassified from Accumulated OCI into Income, Effective Portion, Net
(523,000)
(940,000)
(1,920,000)
(2,876,000)
Unconsolidated Properties [Member] |
Cash Flow Hedging [Member] |
Cross Currency Interest Rate Contract [Member] |
Other comprehensive income [Member]
 
 
 
 
Effect of derivative instruments on the Consolidated Statement of Operations and Comprehensive Income [Abstract]
 
 
 
 
Derivative Instruments, Gain (Loss) Recognized in Other Comprehensive Income (Loss), Effective Portion, Net
(13,000)
146,000 
(32,000)
(334,000)
Unconsolidated Properties [Member] |
Cash Flow Hedging [Member] |
Cross Currency Interest Rate Contract [Member] |
Equity Method Investments [Member]
 
 
 
 
Effect of derivative instruments on the Consolidated Statement of Operations and Comprehensive Income [Abstract]
 
 
 
 
Derivative Instruments, Gain (Loss) Reclassified from Accumulated OCI into Income, Effective Portion, Net
22,000 
(855,000)
(982,000)
(1,279,000)
Unsecured Debt [Member]
 
 
 
 
Effect of derivative instruments on the Consolidated Statement of Operations and Comprehensive Income [Abstract]
 
 
 
 
Derivative, Net Hedge Ineffectiveness Gain (Loss)
 
500,000 
 
200,000 
Unsecured Debt
$ 475,000,000 
 
$ 475,000,000 
 
Derivative and Hedging Activities (Location and Fair Value of Derivative Instruments as Reported in the Consoiidated Balance Sheet) (Details) (USD $)
9 Months Ended 3 Months Ended 9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2017
Dec. 31, 2016
Dec. 31, 2016
Unconsolidated Properties [Member]
Equity Method Investments [Member]
Sep. 30, 2017
Default Option, Range, Minimum [Member]
Sep. 30, 2017
Default Option, Range, Maximum [Member]
Sep. 30, 2017
Consolidated Properties [Member]
Interest Rate Contract [Member]
Accounts Payable and Accrued Liabilities [Member]
Dec. 31, 2016
Consolidated Properties [Member]
Interest Rate Contract [Member]
Accounts Payable and Accrued Liabilities [Member]
Sep. 30, 2017
Unconsolidated Properties [Member]
Interest Rate Contract [Member]
Equity Method Investments [Member]
Dec. 31, 2016
Unconsolidated Properties [Member]
Interest Rate Contract [Member]
Equity Method Investments [Member]
Sep. 30, 2017
Unconsolidated Properties [Member]
Cross Currency Interest Rate Contract [Member]
Equity Method Investments [Member]
Dec. 31, 2016
Unconsolidated Properties [Member]
Cross Currency Interest Rate Contract [Member]
Equity Method Investments [Member]
Sep. 30, 2017
Cash Flow Hedging [Member]
Sep. 30, 2016
Cash Flow Hedging [Member]
Sep. 30, 2017
Cash Flow Hedging [Member]
Sep. 30, 2016
Cash Flow Hedging [Member]
Derivatives, Fair Value [Line Items]
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Derivative Instruments, Gain (Loss) Reclassified from Accumulated OCI into Income, Effective Portion, Net
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
$ (1,034,000)
$ (3,241,000)
$ (5,311,000)
$ (8,612,000)
Derivative Instruments, Gain (Loss) Recognized in Other Comprehensive Income (Loss), Effective Portion, Net
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
913,000 
4,761,000 
1,404,000 
(6,412,000)
Derivative Asset, Fair Value, Gross Asset
0 
381,000 
381,000 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
Interest Rate Recourse Provisions
 
 
 
100,000 
50,000,000 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Location and fair value of derivative instruments as reported in the Consolidated Balance Sheet [Abstract]
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Derivative Liability, Fair Value, Gross Liability
$ (5,146,000)
$ (6,044,000)
 
 
 
$ (3,806,000)
$ (3,548,000)
$ (803,000)
$ (2,496,000)
$ (537,000)
    
 
 
 
 
Share-Based Compensation (Details) (USD $)
In Millions, except Share data, unless otherwise specified
3 Months Ended 9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2017
Sep. 30, 2016
Sep. 30, 2017
Sep. 30, 2016
Share-based compensation, allocation and classification in financial statements [Abstract]
 
 
 
 
Compensation cost charged to income for the Company's share-based compensation plans
$ 2.8 
$ 3.2 
$ 8.3 
$ 9.2 
Employee Service Share-based Compensation, Allocation of Recognized Period Costs, Capitalized Amount
0.3 
0.6 
0.6 
1.9 
Restricted Stock Units (RSUs) [Member]
 
 
 
 
Summary of non-option activity, additional disclosures [Abstract]
 
 
 
 
Awards under the 2008 Omnibus Plan
 
 
represents the right to receive upon vesting one share of common stock, as well as a cash payment upon vesting equal to the aggregate cash dividends that would have been paid on such shares of common stock during the vesting period 
 
Weighted average grant-date fair value
 
 
$ 64.45 
 
Employee Service Share-based Compensation, Nonvested Awards, Total Compensation Cost Not yet Recognized
6.2 
 
6.2 
 
Employee Service Share-based Compensation, Nonvested Awards, Total Compensation Cost Not yet Recognized, Period for Recognition
 
 
1 year 9 months 18 days 
 
Summary of non-option activity [Roll Forward]
 
 
 
 
Outstanding at January 1, 2017
 
 
231,903 
 
Vested
 
 
(111,617)
 
Granted
 
 
87,350 
 
Forfeited
 
 
(9,097)
 
Outstanding at September 30, 2017
198,539 
 
198,539 
 
Outstanding at beginning of period, weighted average grant date fair value (in dollars per share)
 
 
$ 70.40 
 
Vested, weighted average grant date fair value (in dollars per share)
 
 
$ 66.33 
 
Granted, weighted average grant date fair value (in dollars per share)
 
 
$ 64.45 
 
Forfeited, weighted average grant date fair value (in dollars per share)
 
 
$ 71.44 
 
Outstanding at end of period, weighted average grant date fair value (in dollars per share)
$ 70.02 
 
$ 70.02 
 
2008 Omnibus Plan [Member]
 
 
 
 
Deferred compensation arrangements [Abstract]
 
 
 
 
Aggregate number of Company common shares or Operating Partnership units approved for awards under the 2008 Omnibus Plan, amended (in shares)
8,500,000 
 
8,500,000 
 
The ratio at which non-option awards granted after the 2010 amendment are deducted from the shares available for grant
1.85 
 
1.85 
 
The ratio at which options awards granted are deducted from the shares available for grant
 
 
one-for-one 
 
Profits Units [Member]
 
 
 
 
Summary of non-option activity, additional disclosures [Abstract]
 
 
 
 
Awards under the 2008 Omnibus Plan
 
 
represents a contingent right to receive a TRG Unit upon vesting and the satisfaction of certain tax-driven requirements and, as to the TSR and NOI Performance-based TRG Profits Units the satisfaction of certain performance-based requirements. Until vested, a TRG Profits Unit entitles the holder to only one-tenth of the distributions otherwise payable by TRG on a TRG Unit. Therefore, the Company accounts for these TRG Profits Units as participating securities in the Operating Partnership. A portion of the TRG Profits Units award represents estimated cash distributions that otherwise would have been payable during the vesting period and, upon vesting, there will be an adjustment in actual number of TRG Profits Units realized under each award to reflect the Operating Partnership's actual cash distributions during the vesting period 
 
Restricted TRG Profits Units [Member]
 
 
 
 
Summary of non-option activity, additional disclosures [Abstract]
 
 
 
 
Weighted average grant-date fair value
 
 
$ 57.84 
 
Employee Service Share-based Compensation, Nonvested Awards, Total Compensation Cost Not yet Recognized
3.5 
 
3.5 
 
Employee Service Share-based Compensation, Nonvested Awards, Total Compensation Cost Not yet Recognized, Period for Recognition
 
 
2 years 
 
Summary of non-option activity [Roll Forward]
 
 
 
 
Outstanding at January 1, 2017
 
 
45,940 
 
Granted
 
 
46,076 
 
Outstanding at September 30, 2017
92,016 
 
92,016 
 
Outstanding at beginning of period, weighted average grant date fair value (in dollars per share)
 
 
$ 59.49 
 
Granted, weighted average grant date fair value (in dollars per share)
 
 
$ 57.84 
 
Outstanding at end of period, weighted average grant date fair value (in dollars per share)
$ 58.66 
 
$ 58.66 
 
TSR Performance-based TRG Profits Units [Member]
 
 
 
 
Summary of non-option activity, additional disclosures [Abstract]
 
 
 
 
Weighted average grant-date fair value
 
 
$ 23.14 
 
Employee Service Share-based Compensation, Nonvested Awards, Total Compensation Cost Not yet Recognized
3.3 
 
3.3 
 
Employee Service Share-based Compensation, Nonvested Awards, Total Compensation Cost Not yet Recognized, Period for Recognition
 
 
2 years 
 
Summary of non-option activity [Roll Forward]
 
 
 
 
Outstanding at January 1, 2017
 
 
103,369 
 
Granted
 
 
103,666 
 
Outstanding at September 30, 2017
207,035 
 
207,035 
 
Outstanding at beginning of period, weighted average grant date fair value (in dollars per share)
 
 
$ 26.42 
 
Granted, weighted average grant date fair value (in dollars per share)
 
 
$ 23.14 
 
Outstanding at end of period, weighted average grant date fair value (in dollars per share)
$ 24.78 
 
$ 24.78 
 
NOI Performance-based TRG Profits Units [Member]
 
 
 
 
Summary of non-option activity, additional disclosures [Abstract]
 
 
 
 
Weighted average grant-date fair value
 
 
$ 19.35 
 
Employee Service Share-based Compensation, Nonvested Awards, Total Compensation Cost Not yet Recognized
2.6 
 
2.6 
 
Employee Service Share-based Compensation, Nonvested Awards, Total Compensation Cost Not yet Recognized, Period for Recognition
 
 
2 years 
 
Summary of non-option activity [Roll Forward]
 
 
 
 
Outstanding at January 1, 2017
 
 
103,369 
 
Granted
 
 
103,666 
 
Outstanding at September 30, 2017
207,035 
 
207,035 
 
Outstanding at beginning of period, weighted average grant date fair value (in dollars per share)
 
 
$ 19.41 
 
Granted, weighted average grant date fair value (in dollars per share)
 
 
$ 19.35 
 
Outstanding at end of period, weighted average grant date fair value (in dollars per share)
$ 19.38 
 
$ 19.38 
 
Performance Shares [Member]
 
 
 
 
Summary of non-option activity, additional disclosures [Abstract]
 
 
 
 
Awards under the 2008 Omnibus Plan
 
 
represents the right to receive, upon vesting, shares of common stock ranging from 0-300% of the TSR PSU based on the Company's market performance relative to that of a peer group. The 2017 TSR PSU grant includes a cash payment upon vesting equal to the aggregate cash dividends that would have been paid on such shares of common stock during the vesting period. 
 
Weighted average grant-date fair value
 
 
$ 80.16 
 
Employee Service Share-based Compensation, Nonvested Awards, Total Compensation Cost Not yet Recognized
0.9 
 
0.9 
 
Employee Service Share-based Compensation, Nonvested Awards, Total Compensation Cost Not yet Recognized, Period for Recognition
 
 
7 months 21 days 
 
Summary of non-option activity [Roll Forward]
 
 
 
 
Outstanding at January 1, 2017
 
 
166,027 
 
Granted
 
 
5,046 
 
Outstanding at September 30, 2017
44,621 
 
44,621 
 
Outstanding at beginning of period, weighted average grant date fair value (in dollars per share)
 
 
$ 138.93 
 
Granted, weighted average grant date fair value (in dollars per share)
 
 
$ 80.16 
 
Outstanding at end of period, weighted average grant date fair value (in dollars per share)
$ 106.91 
 
$ 106.91 
 
NOI Performance Shares [Member]
 
 
 
 
Summary of non-option activity, additional disclosures [Abstract]
 
 
 
 
Awards under the 2008 Omnibus Plan
 
 
represents the right to receive, upon vesting, shares of common stock ranging from 0-300% of the NOI PSU based on the Company's NOI performance, as well as a cash payment upon vesting equal to the aggregate cash dividends that would have been paid on such shares of common stock during the vesting period. These awards also provide for a cap on the maximum number of units vested if a specified absolute TSR level is not achieved. 
 
Weighted average grant-date fair value
 
 
$ 67.04 
 
Employee Service Share-based Compensation, Nonvested Awards, Total Compensation Cost Not yet Recognized
0.3 
 
0.3 
 
Employee Service Share-based Compensation, Nonvested Awards, Total Compensation Cost Not yet Recognized, Period for Recognition
 
 
2 years 4 months 24 days 
 
Summary of non-option activity [Roll Forward]
 
 
 
 
Granted
 
 
5,046 
 
Outstanding at September 30, 2017
5,046 
 
5,046 
 
Granted, weighted average grant date fair value (in dollars per share)
 
 
$ 67.04 
 
Outstanding at end of period, weighted average grant date fair value (in dollars per share)
$ 67.04 
 
$ 67.04 
 
Employee Stock Option [Member]
 
 
 
 
Summary of option activity [Roll Forward]
 
 
 
 
Outstanding at September 30, 2017
107,997 
 
107,997 
 
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Options, Outstanding, Weighted Average Exercise Price
$ 45.90 
 
$ 45.90 
 
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Options, Exercisable, Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Term
 
 
5 months 
 
Summary of option activity, additional disclosures [Abstract]
 
 
 
 
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Options, Grants in Period, Gross
 
 
0 
 
Employee Service Share-based Compensation, Cash Received from Exercise of Stock Options
 
 
$ 4.8 
$ 3.8 
Unissued Partnership Units Under Unit Option Deferral Election Member
 
 
 
 
Employee Service Share-based Compensation, Aggregate Disclosures [Abstract]
 
 
 
 
Options exercised under unit option deferral election plan (in shares)
 
 
3,000,000 
 
The number of mature units tendered for the exercise of previously issued stock options under the unit option deferral election plan (in shares)
 
 
2,100,000 
 
The number of units deferred under the unit option deferral election upon the exercise of previously issued stock options (in shares)
 
 
900,000 
 
Date at which deferred partnership units begin to be issued
 
 
December 2022 
 
Number of Annual Installments during which Deferred Partnership Units will be issued
 
 
five 
 
2015 Grant [Member] |
Performance Shares [Member]
 
 
 
 
Summary of non-option activity, additional disclosures [Abstract]
 
 
 
 
Actual Shares Issued Upon Vesting During Period
 
 
2,193.00 
 
Summary of non-option activity [Roll Forward]
 
 
 
 
Vested
 
 
(2,885)
 
Vested, weighted average grant date fair value (in dollars per share)
 
 
$ 112.30 
 
2014 Grant [Member] |
Performance Shares [Member]
 
 
 
 
Summary of non-option activity, additional disclosures [Abstract]
 
 
 
 
Actual Shares Issued Upon Vesting During Period
 
 
27,166.00 
 
Summary of non-option activity [Roll Forward]
 
 
 
 
Vested
 
 
(43,803)
 
Vested, weighted average grant date fair value (in dollars per share)
 
 
$ 88.10 
 
2012 and 2013 Special Grants [Member] |
Performance Shares [Member]
 
 
 
 
Summary of non-option activity, additional disclosures [Abstract]
 
 
 
 
Actual Shares Issued Upon Vesting During Period
 
 
0.00 
 
Summary of non-option activity [Roll Forward]
 
 
 
 
Vested
 
 
(79,764)
 
Vested, weighted average grant date fair value (in dollars per share)
 
 
$ 181.99 
 
Commitments and Contingencies (Details) (USD $)
3 Months Ended 9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2017
Sep. 30, 2017
Cash tender [Abstract]
 
 
Minimum aggregate value of Operating Partnership units to be tendered
$ 50,000,000 
$ 50,000,000 
Fair Value of Written Option, Cash Tender Agreement
 
zero 
Market value per common share (in dollars per share)
$ 49.70 
$ 49.70 
Approximate aggregate value of interests in the Operating Partnership that may be tendered
1,200,000,000 
1,200,000,000 
Additional interest the Company would have owned in the Operating Partnership upon purchase of interests (in hundredths)
28.00% 
28.00% 
Continuing offer [Abstract]
 
 
Common Stock, Conversion Basis
 
one TRG Unit is exchangeable for one share of common stock 
Duration of Center Closure
 
1 month 
Insurance Deductible
2,000,000 
2,000,000 
Insurance Coverage Limit
900,000,000 
900,000,000 
Loss from Catastrophes
$ 2,000,000 
 
The Mall of San Juan Net Income as a Percentage of Total Net Income
 
less than 2% 
The Mall of San Juan Net Operating Income as a Percentage of Total Net Operating Income
 
less than 2% 
Number Of Real Estate Investments In Florida
5 
5 
Series B Preferred Stock [Member]
 
 
Continuing offer [Abstract]
 
 
Convertible Preferred Stock, Terms of Conversion
 
ratio of 14,000 shares of Series B Preferred Stock for one share of common stock 
Earnings Per Share (Details) (USD $)
In Thousands, except Share data, unless otherwise specified
3 Months Ended 9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2017
Sep. 30, 2016
Sep. 30, 2017
Sep. 30, 2016
Net income attributable to Taubman Centers, Inc. common shareowners (Numerator):
 
 
 
 
Basic
$ 4,363 
$ 18,752 
$ 35,016 
$ 78,083 
Impact of additional ownership of TRG
7 
42 
74 
171 
Diluted
$ 4,370 
$ 18,794 
$ 35,090 
$ 78,254 
Shares (Denominator) – basic
60,710,184 
60,396,902 
60,654,026 
60,341,863 
Effect of dilutive securities
288,967 
434,161 
364,829 
432,926 
Shares (Denominator) – diluted
60,999,151 
60,831,063 
61,018,855 
60,774,789 
Earnings per common share – basic
$ 0.07 
$ 0.31 
$ 0.58 
$ 1.29 
Earnings per common share – diluted
$ 0.07 
$ 0.31 
$ 0.58 
$ 1.29 
Weighted average noncontrolling partnership units outstanding
 
 
 
 
Antidilutive Securities Excluded from Computation of Earnings Per Share [Line Items]
 
 
 
 
Antidilutive Securities Excluded from Computation of Earnings Per Share, Amount
4,164,979 
3,979,571 
4,082,322 
3,991,803 
Unissued TRG Units under unit option deferral elections
 
 
 
 
Antidilutive Securities Excluded from Computation of Earnings Per Share [Line Items]
 
 
 
 
Antidilutive Securities Excluded from Computation of Earnings Per Share, Amount
871,262 
871,262 
871,262 
871,262 
Fair Value Disclosures (Fair Value Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring Basis) (Details) (USD $)
In Thousands, unless otherwise specified
Sep. 30, 2017
Dec. 31, 2016
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring Basis, Financial Statement Captions [Line Items]
 
 
Derivative Asset, Fair Value, Gross Asset
$ 0 
$ 381 
Fair Value, Inputs, Level 1 [Member]
 
 
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring Basis, Financial Statement Captions [Line Items]
 
 
Investment in SPG Common Shares
40,253 
44,418 
Assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis [Abstract]
 
 
Insurance deposit
16,663 
15,440 
Total assets
56,916 
59,858 
Fair Value, Inputs, Level 2 [Member]
 
 
Assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis [Abstract]
 
 
Total assets
0 
0 
Derivative interest rate contracts (Note 7)
(3,806)
(3,548)
Total liabilities
$ (3,806)
$ (3,548)
Fair Value Disclosures (Details) (USD $)
9 Months Ended 12 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2017
Dec. 31, 2016
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
 
 
Simon Property Group Common Shares
250,000 
 
Fair Value, Inputs, Level 2 [Member] |
SPG Units [Member]
 
 
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
 
 
Units of Partnership Interest, Amount
340,124 
340,124 
Partnership Units, Fair Value at Reporting Date
$ 54,800,000 
$ 60,400,000 
Partnership Units, Book Value at Reporting Date
$ 44,792,000 
$ 44,792,000 
Fair Value Disclosures (Estimated Fair Value of Notes Payable) (Details) (USD $)
9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2017
Dec. 31, 2016
Real Estate Properties [Line Items]
 
 
Notes Payable, Net
$ 3,438,307,000 
$ 3,255,512,000 
Consolidated Properties [Member]
 
 
Real Estate Properties [Line Items]
 
 
Notes Payable, Net
3,438,307,000 
3,255,512,000 
Fair Value, Inputs, Level 2 [Member] |
Consolidated Properties [Member]
 
 
Real Estate Properties [Line Items]
 
 
Notes Payable, Fair Value Disclosure
3,402,921,000 
3,184,036,000 
Notes Payable Fair Values Hypothetical Percent Increase In Interest Rates
1.00% 
 
Impact Of Overall One Percent Increase In Interest Rates Decrease In Fair Values Of Notes Payable
$ 135,300,000 
 
Impact Of Overall One Percent Increase In Interest Rates Decrease In Fair Values Of Notes Payable Percent
4.00% 
 
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Details) (USD $)
In Thousands, unless otherwise specified
3 Months Ended 9 Months Ended 9 Months Ended 9 Months Ended 9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2017
Sep. 30, 2016
Sep. 30, 2017
Sep. 30, 2016
Dec. 31, 2016
Sep. 30, 2017
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) [Member]
Sep. 30, 2016
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) [Member]
Dec. 31, 2016
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) [Member]
Dec. 31, 2015
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) [Member]
Sep. 30, 2017
Noncontrolling Interest [Member]
Sep. 30, 2016
Noncontrolling Interest [Member]
Dec. 31, 2016
Noncontrolling Interest [Member]
Dec. 31, 2015
Noncontrolling Interest [Member]
Sep. 30, 2017
Reclassification out of Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income [Member]
Sep. 30, 2016
Reclassification out of Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income [Member]
Sep. 30, 2017
Reclassification out of Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income [Member]
Sep. 30, 2016
Reclassification out of Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income [Member]
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income Components [Line Items]
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss), Foreign Currency Translation Adjustment, Net of Tax
 
 
 
 
 
$ (9,377)
$ (5,577)
$ (23,147)
$ (10,890)
$ (3,855)
$ (2,315)
$ (9,613)
$ (4,531)
 
 
 
 
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss), Cumulative Changes in Net Gain (Loss) from Cash Flow Hedges, Effect Net of Tax
 
 
 
 
 
(11,420)
(20,853)
(12,467)
(16,330)
7,548 
3,706 
7,191 
5,595 
 
 
 
 
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss), Available-for-sale Securities Adjustment, Net of Tax
 
 
 
 
 
(3,254)
 
(302)
 
(1,339)
 
(126)
 
 
 
 
 
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss), Net of Tax
(24,051)
 
(24,051)
 
(35,916)
(24,051)
(26,430)
(35,916)
(27,220)
2,354 
1,391 
(2,548)
1,064 
 
 
 
 
Other Comprehensive Income (Loss), Foreign Currency Transaction and Translation Gain (Loss), before Reclassification and Tax
 
 
 
 
 
13,839 
5,320 
 
 
5,689 
2,209 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Other Comprehensive Income (Loss), Unrealized Gain (Loss) on Derivatives Arising During Period, before Tax
 
 
 
 
 
(2,769)
(10,615)
 
 
(1,138)
(4,409)
 
 
 
 
 
 
Other Comprehensive Income (Loss), Available-for-sale Securities Adjustment, before Tax
 
 
(4,165)
 
 
(2,952)
 
 
 
(1,213)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Other Comprehensive Income (Loss), before Tax, Portion Attributable to Parent
 
 
 
 
 
8,118 
(5,295)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Other Comprehensive Income (Loss), before Tax, Portion Attributable to Noncontrolling Interest
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
3,338 
(2,200)
 
 
 
 
 
 
Reclassification adjustment for amounts recognized in net income
1,034 
3,241 
5,311 
8,612 
 
3,763 
6,085 
 
 
1,548 
2,527 
 
 
5,311 
8,612 
 
 
Other Comprehensive Income (Loss), Foreign Currency Transaction and Translation Adjustment, Net of Tax, Portion Attributable to Parent
 
 
 
 
 
13,839 
5,320 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Other Comprehensive Income (Loss), Derivatives Qualifying as Hedges, Net of Tax, Portion Attributable to Parent
 
 
 
 
 
994 
(4,530)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Other Comprehensive Income (Loss), Available-for-sale Securities Adjustment, before Tax, Portion Attributable to Parent
 
 
 
 
 
(2,952)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Other Comprehensive Income (Loss), Net of Tax, Portion Attributable to Parent
 
 
 
 
 
11,881 
790 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Other Comprehensive Income (Loss), Foreign Currency Transaction and Translation Adjustment, Net of Tax, Portion Attributable to Noncontrolling Interest
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
5,689 
2,209 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Other Comprehensive Income (Loss), Derivatives Qualifying as Hedges, Net of Tax, Portion Attributable to Noncontrolling Interest
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
410 
(1,882)
 
 
 
 
 
 
Other Comprehensive Income (Loss), Available-for-sale Securities Adjustment, before Tax, Portion Attributable to Noncontrolling Interest
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
(1,213)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Other Comprehensive Income (Loss), Net of Tax, Portion Attributable to Noncontrolling Interest
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
4,886 
327 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Other Comprehensive income Loss Adjustment Foreign Currency Attributable To Parent
 
 
 
 
 
(69)
(7)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Other comprehensive income (loss), adjustments, attributable to parent
 
 
 
 
 
53 
7 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Other comprehensive income (loss), total adjustments attributable to parent
 
 
 
 
 
(16)
0 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Other Comprehensive Income Loss Adjustment Foreign Currency Attributable To Noncontrolling Interest
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
69 
7 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Other comprehensive income (loss), adjustments, attributable to noncontrolling interests
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
(53)
(7)
 
 
 
 
 
 
Other comprehensive income (loss), total adjustments attributable to noncontrolling interests
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
16 
0 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Amount of gain/loss on interest rate contract reclassfied from AOCI
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
2,409 
4,457 
Amount of gain/loss on interest rate contract reclassfied from AOCI for unconsolidated joint ventures
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
1,920 
2,876 
Amount of gain/loss on cross-currency interest rate contract reclassified from AOCI for Unconsolidated Joint Ventures
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
$ 982 
$ 1,279 
Cash Flow Disclosures and Non-Cash Investing and Financing Activities (Details) (USD $)
9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2017
Sep. 30, 2016
Interest Costs Capitalized
$ 9,552,000 
$ 17,900,000 
Interest Paid, Net
74,500,000 
56,400,000 
Income Taxes Paid, Net
2,400,000 
2,800,000 
Other non-cash additions to properties
$ 98,900,000 
$ 89,400,000 
New Accounting Pronouncements (Details)
9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2017
Sep. 30, 2017
SPG Units [Member]
Sep. 30, 2017
Fair Value, Inputs, Level 2 [Member]
SPG Units [Member]
Dec. 31, 2016
Fair Value, Inputs, Level 2 [Member]
SPG Units [Member]
New Accounting Pronouncements or Change in Accounting Principle [Line Items]
 
 
 
 
Units of Partnership Interest, Amount
 
 
340,124 
340,124 
Available for Sale Securities Held
 
250,000 
 
 
Management Leasing and Development Revenue as a Percentage of Total Revenue
less than 10%