Loans Held-for-sale, Fair Value Disclosure

1,722,778

2,122,606

^[1]

907

$ 9,570

Noninterest-bearing deposits held for sale

259,360

Interest-bearing deposits held for sale

$ 325,696

Preferred Stock, No Par Value

$ 0

Common stock, par value

$ 0

[1]	Amounts represent loans for which the Company has elected the fair value option. The remaining loans held for sale at December 31, 2022 relate to our pending divestitures and are held at the lower of cost or market value.

Consolidated Statements of Income - USD ($) shares in Thousands, $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
Interest Income
Loans	$ 495,829	$ 415,770	$ 426,003
Taxable securities	133,084	107,594	81,578
Tax-exempt securities	14,820	11,746	9,567
Deposits in banks	2,748	955	661
Total interest income	646,481	536,065	517,809
Interest Expense
Deposits	16,533	6,186	9,367
FHLB advances and FRB borrowings	4,659	291	6,264
Subordinated debentures	807	1,932	1,871
Other borrowings	1,646	137	196
Total interest expense	23,645	8,546	17,698
Net Interest Income	622,836	527,519	500,111
Provision for credit losses	1,950	4,800	77,700
Net interest income after provision for credit losses	620,886	522,719	422,411
Noninterest Income
Deposit account and treasury management fees	31,498	27,107	27,019
Card revenue	20,186	18,503	13,928
Financial services and trust revenue	17,659	15,753	12,830
Loan revenue	12,582	22,044	24,802
Bank owned life insurance	7,636	6,533	6,418
Investment securities gains (losses), net	(9)	314	16,710
Other	9,592	3,840	2,793
Total noninterest income	99,144	94,094	104,500
Noninterest Expense
Compensation and employee benefits	241,139	224,034	209,722
Occupancy	41,150	37,815	36,013
Data processing and software	41,117	33,498	29,449
Legal and professional fees	20,578	18,910	12,158
Amortization of intangibles	8,698	7,987	8,724
Business and Occupation taxes	6,797	5,903	4,970
Advertising and promotion	3,962	3,383	4,466
Regulatory premiums	6,619	4,912	2,956
Net cost (benefit) of operation of OREO	114	66	(315)
Other	32,209	23,796	26,376
Total noninterest expense	402,383	360,304	334,519
Income before income taxes	317,647	256,509	192,392
Income tax provision	67,469	53,689	38,148
Net Income	$ 250,178	$ 202,820	$ 154,244
Per Common Share
Basic earnings per common share	$ 3.20	$ 2.79	$ 2.17
Diluted earnings per common share	$ 3.20	$ 2.78	$ 2.17
Weighted average number of common shares outstanding	78,047	72,683	70,835
Weighted average number of diluted common shares outstanding	78,193	72,873	70,880

Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
Net income	$ 250,178	$ 202,820	$ 154,244
Unrealized gain (loss) from securities:
Net unrealized holding gain (loss) from available for sale debt securities arising during the period, net of tax	(536,262)	(137,482)	130,355
Reclassification adjustment of net gain from available for sale debt securities arising during the period, net of tax	7	(242)	(219)
OCI, Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Transfer to Held-to-Maturity, Adjustment from AOCI for Amortization of Gain (Loss), after Tax	(6,074)	(2,316)	0
Net unrealized gain (loss) from available for sale debt securities, net of reclassification adjustment	(542,329)	(140,040)	130,136
Pension plan liability adjustment:
Unrecognized net actuarial gain (loss) and plan amendments during the period, net of tax	4,533	562	(2,177)
Amortization of unrecognized net actuarial losses included in net periodic pension cost, net of tax	(402)	(459)	(318)
Pension plan liability adjustment, net	(4,935)	(1,021)	1,859
Unrealized gain from cash flow hedging instruments:
Net unrealized gain in cash flow hedging instruments arising during the period, net of tax	0	0	20,012
Reclassification adjustment for net gain in cash flow hedging instruments included in income, net of tax	(8,263)	(8,014)	(6,461)
Net unrealized gain form cash flow hedging instruments, net of reclassification adjustment	(8,263)	(8,014)	13,551
Other comprehensive income (loss)	(545,657)	(147,033)	141,828
Total comprehensive income (loss)	$ (295,479)	$ 55,787	$ 296,072

Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Parenthetical) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
Net unrealized holding gain (loss) from available for sale securities arising during the period, tax	$ 170,452	$ 41,647	$ (39,489)
Reclassification adjustment of net gain (loss) from sale of available for sale securities included in income, tax	(2)	73	66
OCI, Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Transfer to Held-to-Maturity, Adjustment from AOCI for Amortization of Gain (Loss), Tax	1,740	702	0
Unrecognized net actuuarial gain (loss) and plan amendments during the period, Tax	(1,317)	(170)	659
Less: amortization of unrecognized net actuarial loss included in net periodic pension cost, tax	(122)	(139)	(96)
Net unrealized gain in cash flow hedging instruments arising during the period, Tax	0	0	(6,062)
Reclassification adjustment for net gain in cash flow hedging instruments included in income, Tax	$ 2,178	$ 2,427	$ 1,957

Consolidated Statements of Changes in Shareholders' Equity - USD ($) shares in Thousands, $ in Thousands	Total	Common Stock	Treasury Stock	Retained Earnings	Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income
Adjustment to opening retained earnings, net of tax, pursuant to adoption of ASU \| Accounting Standards Update 2016-01	$ (2,457)			$ (2,457)	$ 0
Balance, value at Dec. 31, 2019	2,159,962	$ 1,650,753	$ (50,834)	519,676	40,367
Balance (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2019		72,124
Net income	154,244			154,244
Other comprehensive income	141,828				141,828
Issuance of common stock - stock option and other plans, shares		65
Issuance of common stock - stock option and other plans, value	2,028	$ 2,028
Issuance of common stock - restricted stock awards, net of canceled awards, shares		208
Issuance of common stock - restricted stock awards, net of canceled awards, value	10,737	$ 10,737
Activity in deferred compensation	2
Purchase and retirement of common stock, shares		(68)
Purchase and retirement of common stock, value	(2,522)	$ (2,522)
Cash dividends declared on common stock	(96,215)			(96,215)
Purchase of treasury stock, shares		731
Purchase of treasury stock, value	(20,000)		(20,000)
Balance, value at Dec. 31, 2020	$ 2,347,607	$ 1,660,998	(70,834)	575,248	182,195
Balance (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2020		71,598
Common Stock, Dividends, Per Share, paid	$ 1.34
Net income	$ 202,820			202,820
Other comprehensive income	(147,033)				(147,033)
Stock Issued During Period, Value, Acquisitions	$ 256,061
Stock Issued During Period, Shares, Acquisitions	6,740
Issuance of common stock - stock option and other plans, shares		74
Issuance of common stock - stock option and other plans, value	$ 2,350	$ 2,350
Issuance of common stock - restricted stock awards, net of canceled awards, shares		190
Issuance of common stock - restricted stock awards, net of canceled awards, value	14,926	$ 14,926
Activity in deferred compensation	(8)	$ (8)
Purchase and retirement of common stock, shares		(91)
Purchase and retirement of common stock, value	(4,140)	$ (4,140)
Cash dividends declared on common stock	(83,841)			(83,841)
Balance, value at Dec. 31, 2021	$ 2,588,742	$ 1,930,187	(70,834)	694,227	35,162
Balance (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2021		78,511
Common Stock, Dividends, Per Share, paid	$ 1.14
Net income	$ 250,178			250,178
Other comprehensive income	(545,657)				(545,657)
Issuance of common stock - stock option and other plans, shares		69
Issuance of common stock - stock option and other plans, value	2,110	$ 2,110
Issuance of common stock - restricted stock awards, net of canceled awards, shares		176
Issuance of common stock - restricted stock awards, net of canceled awards, value	16,158	$ 16,158
Activity in deferred compensation	5	$ 5
Purchase and retirement of common stock, shares		(110)
Purchase and retirement of common stock, value	(3,989)	$ (3,989)
Cash dividends declared on common stock	(94,394)			(94,394)
Balance, value at Dec. 31, 2022	$ 2,213,153	$ 1,944,471	$ (70,834)	$ 850,011	$ (510,495)
Balance (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2022		78,646
Common Stock, Dividends, Per Share, paid	$ 1.20

Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
Cash Flows From Operating Activities
Net income	$ 250,178	$ 202,820	$ 154,244
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:
Provision for credit losses	1,950	4,800	77,700
Stock-based compensation expense	16,158	14,926	10,737
Depreciation, amortization and accretion	49,018	23,168	14,893
Investment securities gain, net	9	(314)	(16,710)
Net realized gain on sale of premises and equipment, loans held for investment and OPPO	(4,777)	(500)	(1,334)
Net realized loss (gain) on sale and valuation adjustments of OREO	(181)	(40)	34
Gain on bank owned life insurance death benefit	(965)	(344)	0
Originations of loans held for sale	(116,463)	(336,455)	(491,385)
Proceeds from sale of loans held-for-sale	125,161	352,823	483,130
Change in Fair Value of Loans Held-for-sale	169	339	(508)
Deferred income tax expense (benefit)	(6,113)	(6,629)	(13,768)
Net change in:
Interest receivable	(8,889)	4,049	(7,992)
Interest payable	1,485	62	(933)
Other assets	(35,491)	6,815	(48,539)
Other liabilities	29,073	(30,535)	32,791
Net cash provided by operating activities	300,684	235,065	192,292
Cash Flows From Investing Activities
Loans originated, net of principal collected	(1,061,878)	174,463	(619,543)
Investment in low income housing tax credit partnerships	(2,850)	(1,408)	0
Purchases of Debt Securities, Available-for-sale	(186,547)	(3,128,233)	(2,118,667)
Purchases of Held-to-maturity Securities	(97,658)	(257,503)	0
Purchases of loans held for investment	0	279,734	50,035
Purchases of premises and equipment	(7,210)	(6,125)	(8,720)
Purchases of Federal Home Loan Bank stock	(68,841)	(1)	(53,240)
Proceeds from Sale of Debt Securities, Available-for-sale	741	89,219	194,697
Proceeds from Sale of Equity Securities	0	0	3,000
Proceeds from principal repayments and maturities of securities available for sale	769,991	764,253	603,129
Proceeds from Maturities, Prepayments and Calls of Held-to-maturity Securities	188,445	107,578	0
Proceeds from sales of premises and equipment and loans held for investment	37,001	15,880	2,948
Proceeds from redemption of Federal Home Loan Bank Stock	30,961	7,464	91,080
Proceeds from sales of other real estate owned and other personal property owned	200	132	1,074
Proceeds from bank owned life insurance death benefit	1,955	671	1,050
Proceeds from Termination of Cash Flow Hedging Instrument	0	0	34,442
Net cash received in business combinations	0	154,984	0
Net cash used in investing activities	(395,690)	(2,358,360)	(1,918,785)
Cash Flows From Financing Activities
Net increase (decrease) in deposits	(1,297,929)	2,402,669	3,185,167
Net increase in sweep repurchase agreements	9,155	12,154	9,422
Proceeds from employee stock purchase plan	2,110	2,350	2,028
Proceeds from Federal Home Loan Bank advances	2,928,030	30	1,331,000
Proceeds from Federal Reserve Bank borrowings	210,030	40	222,010
Proceeds from other borrowings	100	0	9,222
Payments for Federal Home Loan Bank advances	(1,981,030)	(30)	(2,277,000)
Payments for Federal Reserve Bank borrowings	(210,030)	(40)	(222,010)
Payments for other borrowings	(100)	0	(9,222)
Payments for common stock dividends	(94,314)	(83,790)	(95,509)
Repayments of Subordinated Debt	0	(35,000)	0
Payments for purchase of treasury stock	0	0	(20,000)
Payments for purchase and retirement of common stock	3,989	4,140	2,522
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities	(437,967)	2,294,243	2,132,586
Increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents	(532,973)	170,948	406,093
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period	824,714	653,766	247,673
Supplemental Information:
Interest paid	22,160	8,484	18,631
Income taxes paid, net of refunds	72,989	60,562	43,287
Non-cash investing and financing activities:
Transfer of debt securities AFS to HTM	0	2,012,123	0
Transfer of Loans Held for Investment to Loans Held-for-sale	75,936	0	0
Loans transferred to OREO	0	0	1,033
Common stock issued in connection with acquistion	0	256,061	0
Premises and equipment expenditures incurred but not yet paid	71	63	302
Change in dividends payable on unvested shares included in other liabilities	80	51	706
Cash, Cash Equivalents, Restricted Cash, and Restricted Cash Equivalents	$ 291,741	$ 824,714	$ 653,766

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2022

Accounting Policies [Abstract]

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies [Text Block]

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Organization

Columbia Banking System, Inc. (the “Corporation,” “we,” “our,” “Columbia” or the “Company”) is the holding company for Columbia State Bank (“Columbia Bank” or the “Bank”) and Columbia Trust Company (“Columbia Trust”). The Bank provides a full range of financial services through 152 branch locations, including 67 in the State of Washington, 59 in Oregon, 15 in Idaho and 11 in California. Columbia Trust provides fiduciary, agency, trust and related services, and life insurance products. Because the Bank comprises substantially all of the business of the Corporation, references to the “Company” mean the Corporation, the Bank and Columbia Trust together. The Corporation is approved as a bank holding company pursuant to the Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act of 1999.

Basis of Presentation

The Company’s accounting and reporting policies conform to GAAP and practices in the financial services industry. To prepare the financial statements in conformity with GAAP, management must make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements, and income and expenses during the reporting period. Circumstances and events that differ significantly from those underlying our estimates and assumptions could cause actual financial results to differ from our estimates. The most significant estimates included in the financial statements relate to the ACL, business combinations and goodwill impairment.

Consolidation

The Consolidated Financial Statements of the Company include the accounts of the Corporation and its subsidiaries, including the Bank and Columbia Trust. Intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.

Cash and cash equivalents

Cash and cash equivalents include cash and due from banks, and interest-bearing balances due from correspondent banks and the FRB. Cash equivalents have a maturity of 90 days or less at the time of purchase.

Securities

Debt securities are classified based on management’s intention on the date of purchase. The Company has debt securities that are classified as AFS and are presented at fair value and debt securities classified as HTM that are presented at amortized cost. Realized gains or losses on sales of debt securities AFS, determined on the basis of the cost of specific securities sold, are included in earnings. Unrealized gains or losses on debt securities AFS are excluded from net income but are included in other comprehensive income as a separate component of shareholders' equity, net of tax. Purchase premiums or discounts on debt securities AFS are amortized or accreted into income using the interest method over the terms of the individual securities.

The Company performs a quarterly assessment to determine whether a decline in fair value below amortized cost exists. Amortized cost includes adjustments made to the cost of an investment for accretion, amortization, collection of cash and previous credit losses recognized in earnings.

When the fair value of an AFS debt security falls below the amortized cost basis, it is evaluated to determine if any of the decline in value is attributable to credit loss. Decreases in fair value attributable to credit loss would be recorded directly to earnings with a corresponding allowance for credit losses, limited by the amount that the fair value is less than the amortized cost basis. If the credit quality subsequently improves the allowance would be reversed up to a maximum of the previously recorded credit losses. If the Company intends to sell an impaired AFS debt security, or if it is more likely than not that the Company will be required to sell the security prior to recovering the amortized cost basis, the entire fair value adjustment would be immediately recognized in earnings with no corresponding allowance for credit losses.

Our equity securities currently consist of Visa Class B restricted stock which do not have readily determinable fair values. These securities are accounted for at cost minus impairment, if any, plus or minus changes resulting from observable price changes in orderly transactions for the identical or similar investment of the same issuer. Any adjustments to the carrying value of these investments are recorded in Investment securities gains (losses), net in the Consolidated Statements of Income.

Federal Home Loan Bank Stock

The Company holds shares of Class B stock issued by the FHLB, which has been designated as FHLB membership stock or FHLB activity based stock in accordance with the capital plan of the FHLB. Membership stock is stock we are required to purchase and hold as a condition of membership in the FHLB. The Company’s membership stock purchase requirement is measured as a percentage of our year end assets, subject to a $10 million cap. Class B stock may be redeemed, subject to certain limitations, on five years’ written notice to the FHLB. Activity based stock is stock we are required to purchase and hold in order to obtain an advance or participate in FHLB mortgage programs. The Company’s activity based stock purchase requirement is measured as a percentage of our advance proceeds. Our FHLB stock is carried at par value because the shares are issued, transferred, redeemed, and repurchased by the FHLB at a par value of $100. The FHLB stock is subject to recoverability testing per the Financial Services-Depository and Lending topic of the FASB ASC.

Loans held for sale

One-to-four family residential real estate loans originated with the intent to be sold in the secondary market are considered held for sale. One-to-four family residential real estate loans under best efforts delivery commitments are carried at the lower of amortized cost or fair value. There are no economic hedges on these loans. Due to the short period of time between the origination and sale of these loans, the carrying amount of these loans approximates fair value. For one-to-four family residential real estate loans under mandatory delivery commitments, the Company has elected to account for these loans at fair value. The use of the fair value option allows the change in the fair value of the loans to more effectively offset the change in the fair value of derivative instruments that are used as economic hedges for these loans held for sale. Loan origination fees and direct origination costs are recognized immediately in net income. Interest income on loans held for sale is included in interest income in the Consolidated Statements of Income and recognized when earned. Loans held for sale are placed on nonaccrual in a manner consistent with loans held for investment. The Company recognizes a gain or loss on the sale of loans when the sales criteria for derecognition are met. See Note 22. "Fair Value Accounting and Measurement” for additional information on loans held for sale.

In addition, loans related to the branch divestitures in connection with our merger with Umpqua were reclassified as held for sale at December 31, 2022. These loans are carried at the lower of amortized cost or fair value.

Loans

Loans are generally carried at the unpaid principal balance, net of purchase premiums, purchase discounts and net deferred loan fees. Net deferred loan fees include nonrefundable loan origination fees less direct loan origination costs. Net deferred loan fees, purchase premiums and purchase discounts are amortized into interest income using either the interest method or straight-line method over the terms of the loans, adjusted for actual prepayments. The interest method is used for all loans except revolving loans, for which the straight-line method is used. Interest income is accrued as earned. Fees related to lending activities, other than the origination or purchase of loans, are recognized as noninterest income during the period the related services are performed.

Nonaccrual loans—Loans are placed on nonaccrual status when a loan becomes contractually past due 90 days with respect to interest or principal unless the loan is both well secured and in the process of collection, or if full collection of interest or principal becomes uncertain. When a loan is placed on nonaccrual status, any accrued and unpaid interest receivable is reversed and the amortization of net deferred loan fees, premiums and discounts ceases. The interest payments received on nonaccrual loans are generally accounted for on the cost-recovery method whereby the interest payment is applied to the principal balances. Loans may be returned to accrual status when improvements in credit quality eliminate the doubt as to the full collectability of both interest and principal and a period of sustained performance has occurred.

Restructured loans—A loan is classified as a TDR when a borrower is experiencing financial difficulties that lead to a restructuring of the loan, and the Company grants concessions to the borrower in the restructuring that it would not otherwise consider. These concessions may include interest rate reductions, principal forgiveness, extension of maturity date and other actions intended to minimize potential losses. Generally, a nonaccrual loan that is restructured remains on nonaccrual status for a period of six months to demonstrate that the borrower can meet the restructured terms. If the borrower’s performance under the new terms is not reasonably assured, the loan remains classified as a nonaccrual loan.

Unfunded loan commitments—Unfunded commitments are generally related to providing credit facilities to clients of the Bank and are not actively traded financial instruments. These unfunded commitments are disclosed as financial instruments with off-balance sheet risk in Note 19, “Commitments and Contingent Liabilities.”

Allowance for Credit Losses

The allowance for credit losses under ASC 326 is an accounting estimate of expected losses over the contractual life of assets carried at amortized cost within the Company’s loan portfolio at the balance sheet date. Financial assets (or group of financial assets) measured at amortized cost must be presented at the net amount expected to be collected. The allowance for credit losses is a valuation account that is deducted from the amortized cost basis of the financial asset to present the net carrying value at the amount expected to be collected on the financial asset.

The quantitative allowance is calculated using a DCF approach with a probability of default methodology. The probability of default is an assumption derived from regression models which determines the relationship between historical defaults and certain economic variables. The Company determines a reasonable and supportable forecast and applies that forecast to the regression model to determine defaults over the forecast period. The Company leverages economic projections from an independent third-party provider on a quarterly basis that are vetted by the Company through quantifiable analysis and comparisons are evaluated by a committee before a final scenario is determined for the 18 month reasonable and supportable forecast period used by the Company. Following the forecast period, the economic variables used to calculate the probability of default reverts to its historical mean using a straight-line basis constructed on each macroeconomic factor’s absolute historical quarterly change at a constant rate. Other assumptions relevant to the discounted cash flow model to derive the quantitative allowance include the loss given default, which is the estimate of loss for a defaulted loan, and the discount rate applied to future cash flows. The DCF model calculates the net present value of each loan using both the contractual and expected cash flows, respectively.

In addition to the quantitative portion of the allowance for credit losses, the Company also considers the effects of the following qualitative factors in its calculation of expected losses in the loan portfolio:

•Economic and business conditions;

•Concentration of credit;

•Lending management and staff;

•Lending policies and procedures;

•Loss and recovery trends;

•Nature and volume of the portfolio;

•Trends in problem loans, loan delinquencies and nonaccrual loans;

•Quality of internal loan review; and

•Other external factors such as the effect of economic stimulus and loan modification programs.

The qualitative factor methodology is based on quantitative metrics, but also includes a high degree of subjectivity and changes in any of the metrics could have a significant impact on our calculation of the allowance.

Loans for which repayment is expected to be provided substantially through the operation or sale of collateral are considered collateral-dependent. The allowance for credit losses for collateral-dependent loans is measured on the basis of the fair value of the collateral when foreclosure is probable.

Unfunded Commitments and Letters of Credit—The estimate of expected credit losses under the CECL methodology is based on relevant information about past events, current conditions and reasonable and supportable forecasts that affect the collectability of the reported amounts. Expected credit losses are calculated based on the likelihood that funding will occur and an estimate of the amount that will be funded using recent utilization rates, current utilization and the Company’s quantitative ACL rate. The allowance for unfunded commitments is included in “Other liabilities” on the Consolidated Balance Sheets, with changes to the balance charged against noninterest expense.

Premises and Equipment

Land, buildings, leasehold improvements and equipment are stated at cost less accumulated depreciation and amortization. Gains or losses on dispositions are reflected in current operations. Expenditures for improvements and major renewals are capitalized, and ordinary maintenance, repairs and small purchases are charged to “Occupancy” expense in the Consolidated Statements of Income. Depreciation and amortization are computed based on the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the various classes of assets.

The ranges of useful lives for the principal classes of assets are as follows:


Buildings and building improvements			5 to 39 years
Leasehold improvements			Term of lease or useful life, whichever is shorter
Furniture, fixtures and equipment			3 to 7 years
Vehicles			5 years
Computer software			3 to 5 years

Software

Capitalized software is stated at cost, less accumulated amortization. Amortization is computed on a straight-line basis and charged to expense over the estimated useful life of the software, which is generally three years. Capitalized software is included in “Premises and equipment, net” in the Consolidated Balance Sheets.

Implementation costs incurred for software that is part of a hosting arrangement are capitalized in “Other assets” in the Consolidated Balance Sheets and amortized on a straight-line basis over the life of the contract.

Other Real Estate Owned

OREO is composed of real estate acquired by the Company through either foreclosure or deed in lieu of foreclosure in satisfaction of debt. At foreclosure, OREO is recorded at fair value less estimated costs to sell. Any fair value adjustments at foreclosure are charged to the allowance, or in the event of a write-up without previous losses charged to the allowance, a credit to earnings is recorded. The fair value of the OREO is based upon a current appraisal or a letter of intent to purchase. Losses that result from the ongoing periodic valuation of these properties are charged to the net cost of operation of OREO in the period in which they are identified. Improvements to OREO are capitalized and holding costs are charged to the net cost of operation of OREO as incurred.

Goodwill and Intangibles

Net assets of companies acquired in a business combination are recorded at fair value at the date of acquisition. Any excess of the purchase price over the fair value of net assets acquired, including identified intangible assets, is recognized as goodwill. Goodwill is reviewed for potential impairment annually, during the third quarter, or, more frequently, if events or circumstances indicate a potential impairment, at the reporting unit level. A reporting unit is an operating segment or one level below an operating segment for which discrete financial information is available and regularly reviewed by management. The Company consists of a single reporting unit. The test for impairment requires the Company to compare the fair value of the reporting unit to its carrying value. If the fair value of the reporting unit is less than its carrying value, the difference is the amount of impairment and goodwill is written down to the fair value of the reporting unit. Prior to completing the impairment test, however, the Company may assess qualitative factors to determine whether it is more likely than not that the fair value of the reporting unit is less than its carrying amount. If such an assessment indicates the fair value of the reporting unit is more likely than not greater than its carrying value, then the impairment test need not be completed.

Identified intangible assets are amortized on an accelerated basis over the period benefited. Intangible assets are also evaluated for impairment if events and circumstances indicate a possible impairment. Such evaluation is based on undiscounted cash flow projections. At December 31, 2022, intangible assets included in the Consolidated Balance Sheets principally consisted of CDI with an original estimated life of 10 years.

Leases

The Company determines if a lease is present at the inception of an agreement. Operating leases are capitalized at commencement and are discounted using the Company’s FHLB borrowing rate for a similar term borrowing unless the lease defines a rate within the contract. Leases with original terms of less than 12 months are not capitalized. For operating leases existing prior to January 1, 2019, the rate for the remaining lease term as of January 1, 2019 was used. Right-of-use assets represent the Company’s right to use an underlying asset for the lease term and lease liabilities represent the obligation to make lease payments arising from the lease. Operating lease right-of-use assets and operating lease liabilities are recognized on the lease commencement date based on the present value of lease payments over the lease term. The lease term includes options to extend or terminate the lease if the Company is reasonably certain that an option will be exercised. See Note 10, “Leases” for additional information on leases.

Income Taxes

The provision for income taxes includes current and deferred income tax expense on net income adjusted for temporary and permanent differences such as interest income from state and municipal securities and investments in affordable housing tax credits. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the expected future tax consequences of existing temporary differences between the financial reporting and tax reporting basis of assets and liabilities using enacted tax laws and rates. The effect on deferred tax assets and liabilities of a change in tax rates is recognized in income in the period that includes the enactment date. On a quarterly basis, management evaluates deferred tax assets to determine if these tax benefits are expected to be realized in future periods. This determination is based on facts and circumstances, including the Company’s current and future tax outlook. To the extent a deferred tax asset is no longer considered “more likely than not” to be realized, a valuation allowance is established.

We recognize the tax benefit from uncertain tax positions only if it is more likely than not that the tax positions will be sustained on examination by the tax authorities, based on the technical merits of the position. The tax benefit is measured based on the largest benefit that has a greater than 50% likelihood of being realized upon ultimate settlement. We recognize interest and penalties related to unrecognized tax benefits in “Provision for income taxes” in the Consolidated Statements of Income.

Advertising

Advertising costs are generally expensed as incurred.

Earnings per Common Share

The Company’s capital structure includes common shares, restricted common share awards and common share options. Restricted common share awards granted prior to the 2018 equity incentive plan participate in dividends declared on common shares at the same rate as common shares. These restricted common share awards are considered participating securities under the EPS topic of the FASB ASC.

The Company calculates EPS using the two-class method. The two-class method is an earnings allocation formula that treats a participating security as having rights to earnings that otherwise would have been available to common shareholders but does not require the presentation of basic and diluted EPS for securities other than common shares. Under the two-class method, basic EPS is computed by dividing earnings allocated to common shareholders by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding for the period. Earnings allocated to common shareholders represents net income reduced by earnings allocated to participating securities. Diluted EPS is computed in the same manner as basic EPS except that the denominator is increased to include the number of additional common shares that would have been outstanding if certain shares issuable upon exercise of common share options were included unless those additional shares would have been anti-dilutive. For the diluted EPS computation, the treasury stock method is applied and compared to the two-class method and whichever method results in a more dilutive impact is utilized to calculate diluted EPS.

Share-Based Payment

The Company accounts for stock options and stock awards in accordance with the Compensation—Stock Compensation topic of the FASB ASC. Authoritative guidance requires the Company to measure the cost of employee services received in exchange for an award of equity instruments, such as stock options or stock awards, based on the fair value of the award on the grant date. This cost must be recognized in the Consolidated Statements of Income over the vesting period of the award.

The Company issues RSAs and RSUs which generally vest over a three- or four-year period. RSA and RSU time-based awards vest ratably over their vesting period while RSA and RSU performance-based awards cliff vest. Recipients of RSAs have voting rights while recipients of RSUs do not. Pursuant to our equity incentive plan approved in 2018, the holder accrues dividends, which are paid out when the RSAs vest or when the RSUs vest and the common shares are issued. The fair value of time-based and performance-based awards are equal to the fair market value of the Company’s common stock on the grant date. The fair value of market-based performance awards are estimated on the date of grant using the Monte Carlo simulation model.

Derivatives and Hedging Activities

In accordance with the Derivatives and Hedging topic of the FASB ASC, the Company recognizes derivatives as assets or liabilities on the Consolidated Balance Sheets at their fair value. The Company periodically enters into interest rate contracts with customers and offsetting contracts with third parties. As these interest rate contracts are not designated as hedges under the Derivatives and Hedging topic of the FASB ASC, the changes in fair value of these instruments are recognized immediately in earnings. The Company also enters into forward contracts to sell residential mortgage loans to broker/dealers at specific prices and dates in order to hedge the interest rate risk in its portfolio of mortgage loans held for sale and its residential loan commitments. The commitments to originate mortgage loans held for sale and the related forward delivery contracts are considered derivatives.

As part of the Company’s overall interest rate risk management, the Company used an interest rate collar with a notional amount of $500.0 million to mitigate interest rate risk. This collar was designated and qualified as a cash flow hedge. Gains and losses were recorded in accumulated other comprehensive income to the extent the hedge was effective. Gains and losses were reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income to earnings in the period the hedged transaction affected earnings and was included in the same income statement line item that the hedged transaction was recorded. In October 2020, the interest rate collar was terminated. See Note 17. “Derivatives and Balance Sheet Offsetting” for additional information.

Revenue from Contracts with Customers

Revenue in the scope of Topic 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers is measured based on the consideration specified in the contract with a customer and excludes amounts collected on behalf of third parties. The vast majority of the Company’s revenue is specifically outside the scope of Topic 606. For in-scope revenue, the following is a description of principal activities, separated by the timing of revenue recognition from which the Company generates its revenue from contracts with customers.

a.Revenue earned at a point in time - Examples of revenue earned at a point in time are ATM transaction fees, wire transfer fees, overdraft fees, interchange fees and foreign exchange transaction fees. Revenue is primarily based on the number and type of transactions and is generally derived from transactional information accumulated by our systems and is recognized immediately as the transactions occur or upon providing the service to complete the customer’s transaction. The Company is the principal in each of these contracts, with the exception of interchange fees, in which case we are acting as the agent and record revenue net of expenses paid to the principal.

b.Revenue earned over time - The Company earns revenue from contracts with customers in a variety of ways where the revenue is earned over a period of time - generally monthly. Examples of this type of revenue are deposit account maintenance fees, investment advisory fees, merchant revenue and safe deposit box fees. Revenue is generally derived from transactional information accumulated by our systems or those of third-parties and is recognized as the related transactions occur or services are rendered to the customer.

The Company recognizes revenue from contracts with customers when it satisfies its performance obligations. The Company’s performance obligations are typically satisfied as services are rendered and our contracts generally do not include multiple performance obligations. As a result, there are no contract balances as payments and services are rendered simultaneously. Payment is generally collected at the time services are rendered, monthly or quarterly. Unsatisfied performance obligations at the report date are not material to our Consolidated Financial Statements.

In certain cases, other parties are involved with providing products and services to our customers. If the Company is principal in the transaction (providing goods or services itself), revenues are reported based on the gross consideration received from the customer and any related expenses are reported gross in noninterest expense. If the Company is an agent in the transaction (arranging for another party to provide goods or services), the Company reports its net fee or commission retained as revenue.

Rebates, waivers and reversals are recorded as a reduction of the transaction price either when the revenue is recognized by the Company or at the time the rebate, waiver or reversal is earned by the customer.

Practical expedients

The Company does not adjust the consideration from customers for the effects of a significant financing component if at contract inception the period between when the entity transfers the goods or services and when the customer pays for that good or service will be one year or less.

The Company pays sales commissions to its employees in accordance with certain incentive plans and in connection with obtaining certain contracts with customers. The Company expenses such sales commissions when incurred if the amortization period of the asset the Company otherwise would have recognized is one year or less. Sales commissions are included in compensation and employee benefits expense.

For the Company’s contracts that have an original expected duration of one year or less, the Company has not disclosed the amount of the transaction price allocated to unsatisfied performance obligations as of the end of each reporting period or when the Company expects to recognize this revenue.

Accounting Pronouncements Recently Adopted or Issued

Accounting Standards Adopted in 2022

In December 2022, the FASB issued ASU 2022-06, Reference Rate Reform (Topic 848) - Deferral of the Sunset Date of Topic 848. The amendments in this ASU defer the sunset date included in ASU 2020-04 to provide temporary, optional expedients related to the accounting for contract modifications and hedging transactions as a result of the global markets’ anticipated transition away from the use of LIBOR and other interbank offered rates to alternative reference rates. Preceding the issuance of ASU 2020-04, which established ASC 848, the United Kingdom’s Financial Conduct Authority (“FCA”) announced that it would no longer need to persuade or compel banks to submit to LIBOR after December 31, 2021. In response, the FASB established a December 31, 2022 expiration date of ASC 848. In March 2021, the FCA announced that the intended cessation date of LIBOR in the United States would be June 30, 2023. Accordingly, ASU 2022-06 defers the expiration date of ASC 848 to December 31, 2024. This ASU was effective immediately and did not have a material impact on the Company’s Consolidated Financial Statements.

Recently Issued Accounting Standards, Not Yet Adopted

In June 2022, the FASB issued ASU 2022-03, Fair Value Measurement (Topic 820) - Fair Value Measurement of Equity Securities Subject to Contractual Sale Restrictions. The amendments in this ASU clarify that a contractual restriction on the sale of an equity security is not considered part of the unit of account of the equity security and is not considered in measuring fair value. Further, an entity cannot, as a separate unit of account, recognize and measure a contractual sale restriction. Additionally, the amendments require the disclosures for equity securities subject to contractual sale restrictions to include the fair value of equity securities subject to contractual sale restrictions reflected on the balance sheet, the nature and remaining duration of the restrictions and the circumstances that could cause a lapse in the restrictions. The ASU is effective for interim and annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2023; early adoption is permitted. The adoption of this ASU is not expected to have a material impact on the Company’s Consolidated Financial Statements.

In March 2022, the FASB issued ASU 2022-02, Financial Instruments - Credit Losses (Topic 326) - Troubled Debt Restructurings and Vintage Disclosures. The amendments in this ASU enhance disclosure requirements for certain loan refinancings and restructurings by creditors when a borrower is experiencing financial difficulty. Additionally, the amendments require the disclosure of current-period gross charge-offs by year of origination for financing receivables and net investments in leases within scope. The ASU is effective for interim and annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2022; early adoption is permitted. The adoption of this ASU is not expected to have a material impact on the Company’s Consolidated Financial Statements.

Business Combinations and Asset Acquisitions

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2022

Business Combination and Asset Acquisition [Abstract]

Business Combination Disclosure [Text Block]

Business Combinations

Bank of Commerce

On October 1, 2021, the Company completed its acquisition of Bank of Commerce and its wholly-owned banking subsidiary Merchants Bank of Commerce. The Company acquired 100% of the equity interests of Bank of Commerce.

The assets acquired and liabilities assumed have been accounted for under the acquisition method of accounting. The assets and liabilities, both tangible and intangible, were recorded at their fair values as of the October 1, 2021 acquisition date. The application of the acquisition method of accounting resulted in the recognition of goodwill of $57.3 million and a CDI of $15.9 million. The goodwill represents the excess of the purchase price over the fair value of the net assets acquired. The Company paid this premium for a number of reasons, including to expand the Company’s current footprint, enter the California market and the synergies and economies of scale expected from the acquisition. The goodwill is not deductible for income tax purposes.

The table below summarizes the amounts recognized as of the acquisition date for each major class of assets acquired and liabilities assumed:


	October 1, 2021
	(in thousands)
Merger consideration			$	256,257
Identifiable net assets acquired, at fair value
Assets acquired
Cash and cash equivalents	$	155,180
Investment securities	654,480
FHLB stock	7,463
Loans, net allowance for credit loss	1,084,984
Interest receivable	5,237
Premises and equipment	17,658

Core deposit intangible	15,932
Other assets	41,963
Total assets acquired			1,982,897
Liabilities assumed
Deposits	(1,737,584)

Subordinated debentures	(10,000)
Junior subordinated debentures	(10,310)


Other liabilities	(26,076)
Total liabilities assumed			(1,783,970)
Total fair value of identifiable net assets			198,927
Goodwill			$	57,330

See Note 9, “Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets,” for further discussion of the accounting for goodwill and other intangible assets.

Of the $1.08 billion net loans acquired, $40.3 million exhibited credit deterioration on the date of purchase. The following table provides a summary of these PCD loans at acquisition:


	October 1, 2021

	(in thousands)
Par value of PCD loans acquired	$	43,419
PCD ACL at acquisition	(2,616)
Non-credit discount on PCD loans	(525)
Purchase price of PCD loans	$	40,278

The operating results of the Company reported herein include the operating results produced by the acquired assets and assumed liabilities for the period of October 1, 2021 to December 31, 2022. Disclosure of the amount of Bank of Commerce’s revenue and net income (excluding integration costs) included in Columbia’s Consolidated Statements of Income is impracticable due to the integration of the operations and accounting for this acquisition.

For illustrative purposes only, the following table presents certain unaudited pro forma information for the year ended December 31, 2021 and 2020. This unaudited, estimated pro forma financial information was calculated as if Bank of Commerce had been acquired as of the beginning of the year prior to the date of acquisition. This unaudited pro forma information combines the historical results of Bank of Commerce with the Company’s consolidated historical results and includes certain adjustments reflecting the estimated impact of certain fair value adjustments for the respective periods. The pro forma information is not indicative of what would have occurred had the acquisition occurred as of the beginning of the year prior to the acquisition. The unaudited pro forma information does not consider any changes to the provision for credit losses resulting from recording loan assets at fair value. Additionally, the pro forma amounts below do not reflect Columbia’s expectations as of the date of the pro forma information of further operating cost savings and other business synergies expected to be achieved, including revenue growth as a result of the acquisition. As a result, actual amounts would have differed from the unaudited pro forma information presented.


	Unaudited Pro Forma for the
	Years Ended December 31,
	2021		2020

	(in thousands, except per share amounts)
Total revenues (net interest income plus noninterest income)	$	664,875	$	660,857
Net income	$	221,637	$	164,087
EPS - basic	$	2.85	$	2.11
EPS - diluted	$	2.84	$	2.10

The following table shows the impact of the merger-related expenses related to the acquisition of Bank of Commerce for the periods indicated to the various components of noninterest expense:


	Years ended December 31,
	2022		2021		2020

	(in thousands)
Noninterest Expense
Compensation and employee benefits	$	1,753	$	4,875	$	—
Occupancy	928		271		—
Data processing	1,584		287		—
Legal and professional fees	414		4,429		—

Advertising and promotion	18		9		—
Other	896		499		—
Total impact of merger-related costs to noninterest expense	$	5,593	$	10,370	$	—

In addition, related to the pending transaction with Umpqua, the Company recognized $13.5 million of merger-related expenses for the year ended December 31, 2022. The Company expects to close this transaction after close of business on February 28, 2023. See Note 29 , “Subsequent Events,” for additional information.

Cash and Cash Equivalents	12 Months Ended
Cash and Cash Equivalents	Dec. 31, 2022
Cash and Cash Equivalents [Abstract]
Cash and Cash Equivalents [Text Block]	Cash and Cash EquivalentsGenerally, the Company is required to maintain an average reserve balance with the FRB, which is based on a percentage of deposits, or maintain such reserve balance in the form of cash. However, the Federal Reserve reduced the required percentage to zero effective March 26, 2020; therefore, the Company did not have an average required reserve balance for the years ended December 31, 2022 or 2021.

Securities

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2022

Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale [Abstract]

Securities [Text Block]

SecuritiesAt December 31, 2022, the Company’s securities portfolio primarily consisted of securities issued by the U.S. government, U.S. government agencies, U.S. government-sponsored enterprises and states and municipalities. Nearly all of the Company’s mortgage-backed securities and collateralized mortgage obligations are issued by U.S. government agencies and U.S. government-sponsored enterprises and are implicitly guaranteed by the U.S. government. The remainder of the Company’s available for sale mortgage-backed securities are non-agency collateralized mortgage obligations which currently carry ratings no lower than A. The Company had no other issuances in its portfolio which exceeded ten percent of shareholders’ equity.

The following table summarizes the amortized cost, gross unrealized gains and losses and the resulting fair value of debt securities:


	Amortized Cost		Gross Unrealized Gains		Gross Unrealized Losses		Fair Value

December 31, 2022	(in thousands)
Available for sale
U.S. government agency and government-sponsored enterprise mortgage-backed securities and collateralized mortgage obligations	$	3,188,381	$	382	$	(429,053)	$	2,759,710
Other asset-backed securities	376,336		—		(48,983)		327,353
State and municipal securities	959,469		199		(125,595)		834,073
U.S. government agency and government-sponsored enterprise securities	222,829		2		(14,062)		208,769
U.S. government securities	183,049		—		(15,153)		167,896
Non-agency collateralized mortgage obligations	352,782		—		(61,484)		291,298
Total available for sale	$	5,282,846	$	583	$	(694,330)	$	4,589,099
Held to maturity
U.S. government agency and government-sponsored enterprise mortgage-backed securities and collateralized mortgage obligations	$	2,034,792	$	—	$	(312,014)	$	1,722,778




Total held to maturity	$	2,034,792	$	—	$	(312,014)	$	1,722,778

December 31, 2021
Available for sale
U.S. government agency and government-sponsored enterprise mortgage-backed securities and collateralized mortgage obligations	$	3,738,616	$	45,077	$	(38,092)	$	3,745,601
Other asset-backed securities	469,052		3,802		(9,791)		463,063
State and municipal securities	983,704		18,525		(4,938)		997,291
U.S. government agency and government-sponsored enterprise securities	252,755		3,095		(3,274)		252,576
U.S. government securities	158,367		—		(831)		157,536
Non-agency collateralized mortgage obligations	295,547		340		(955)		294,932
Total available for sale	$	5,898,041	$	70,839	$	(57,881)	$	5,910,999
Held to maturity
U.S. government agency and government-sponsored enterprise mortgage-backed securities and collateralized mortgage obligations	$	2,148,327	$	50	$	(25,771)	$	2,122,606




Total held to maturity	$	2,148,327	$	50	$	(25,771)	$	2,122,606

There was no allowance for credit losses on both available for sale securities and held to maturity securities as of December 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021. All of the Company’s debt securities held to maturity were issued by U.S. government agencies or U.S. government-sponsored enterprises. These securities carry the explicit or implicit guarantee of the U.S. government, are widely recognized as “risk free,” and have a long history of zero credit loss.

A debt security is placed on nonaccrual status at the time any principal or interest payments become 90 days delinquent. Interest accrued but not received for a security placed on nonaccrual is reversed against interest income. There were no amounts of accrued interest reversed against interest income for the twelve months ended December 31, 2022 and 2021.

Accrued interest receivable for debt securities is included in “Interest receivable” on the Company’s Consolidated Balance Sheet and is not reflected in the balances in the table above. At December 31, 2022 and 2021, accrued interest receivable for securities available for sale was $17.3 million and $19.2 million, respectively. Accrued interest for securities held to maturity was $4.2 million at December 31, 2022 and $4.4 million at December 31, 2021. The Company does not measure an allowance for credit losses for accrued interest receivable.

The following table provides the proceeds and both gross realized gains and losses on the sales and calls of debt securities available for sale as well as other securities gains and losses for the periods indicated:


	Years Ended December 31,
	2022		2021		2020

	(in thousands)
Proceeds from sales and calls of debt securities available for sale	$	741	$	89,219	$	194,697

Gross realized gains from sales of debt securities available for sale	$	—	$	751	$	471
Gross realized losses from sales of debt securities available for sale	(9)		(437)		(186)
Other securities gains, net (1)	—		—		16,425
Investment securities gains (losses), net	$	(9)	$	314	$	16,710

__________

(1) Other securities gains includes gain from sale of Visa Class B restricted stock and subsequent write up to fair value of remaining Visa Class B shares.

The following table provides the unrealized gains and losses on equity securities at the reporting date:


	Years Ended December 31,
	2022		2021		2020

	(in thousands)
Gains recognized during the period on equity securities	$	—	$	—	$	16,425
Less: Losses recognized during the period on equity securities sold during the period.	—		—		(3,000)
Unrealized gains recognized during the reporting period on equity securities still held at the reporting date (1).	$	—	$	—	$	13,425

__________

(1) Visa Class B restricted stock owned by the Company was previously carried at a zero-cost basis due to existing transfer restrictions and uncertainty of covered litigation. The sale of shares by the Company of Visa Class B restricted shares during the year ended December 31, 2020 resulted in an observable market price. As a result, the Company adjusted the carrying value of its remaining shares of Visa Class B restricted shares upward to this observable market price.

The scheduled contractual maturities of debt securities at December 31, 2022 are presented as follows:


	December 31, 2022
	Available for sale				Held to maturity
	Amortized Cost		Fair Value		Amortized Cost		Fair Value

	(in thousands)
Due within one year	$	85,094	$	84,216	$	—	$	—
Due after one year through five years	1,132,895		1,055,150		301,515		265,831
Due after five years through ten years	1,106,689		973,108		916,571		775,931
Due after ten years	2,958,168		2,476,625		816,706		681,016
Total debt securities	$	5,282,846	$	4,589,099	$	2,034,792	$	1,722,778

The following table summarizes the carrying value of securities pledged as collateral to secure public deposits, borrowings and other purposes as permitted or required by law:


	December 31,
	2022		2021

	(in thousands)
To secure public funds	$	564,150	$	596,779
To secure borrowings	—		98,796
Other securities pledged	266,752		267,213
Total securities pledged as collateral	$	830,902	$	962,788

The following tables show the gross unrealized losses and fair value of the Company’s debt securities available for sale for which an allowance for credit losses has not been recorded, aggregated by investment category and length of time that individual securities have been in a continuous unrealized loss position at December 31, 2022 and 2021:


	Less than 12 Months				12 Months or More				Total
	Fair Value		Unrealized Losses		Fair Value		Unrealized Losses		Fair Value		Unrealized Losses

December 31, 2022	(in thousands)
U.S. government agency and government-sponsored enterprise mortgage-backed securities and collateralized mortgage obligations	$	735,898	$	(50,201)	$	2,005,957	$	(378,852)	$	2,741,855	$	(429,053)
Other asset-backed securities	76,877		(7,579)		250,475		(41,404)		327,352		(48,983)
State and municipal securities	309,675		(23,690)		485,620		(101,905)		795,295		(125,595)
U.S. government agency and government-sponsored enterprise securities	68,656		(1,375)		139,364		(12,687)		208,020		(14,062)
U.S. government securities	—		—		167,896		(15,153)		167,896		(15,153)
Non-agency collateralized mortgage obligations	11,669		(2,736)		279,629		(58,748)		291,298		(61,484)
Total	$	1,202,775	$	(85,581)	$	3,328,941	$	(608,749)	$	4,531,716	$	(694,330)
December 31, 2021
U.S. government agency and government-sponsored enterprise mortgage-backed securities and collateralized mortgage obligations	$	2,292,062	$	(30,777)	$	176,946	$	(7,315)	$	2,469,008	$	(38,092)
Other asset-backed securities	195,708		(4,823)		117,751		(4,968)		313,459		(9,791)
State and municipal securities	237,354		(3,862)		40,343		(1,076)		277,697		(4,938)
U.S. government agency and government-sponsored enterprise securities	100,813		(1,988)		48,714		(1,286)		149,527		(3,274)
U.S. government securities	157,536		(831)		—		—		157,536		(831)
Non-agency collateralized mortgage obligations	212,259		(955)		—		—		212,259		(955)
Total	$	3,195,732	$	(43,236)	$	383,754	$	(14,645)	$	3,579,486	$	(57,881)

Debt securities available for sale

At December 31, 2022, there were 645 U.S. government agency and government-sponsored enterprise mortgage-backed securities and collateralized mortgage obligation securities in an unrealized loss position. The decline in fair value is attributable to changes in interest rates relative to where these investments fall within the yield curve and their individual characteristics. Because the Company does not currently intend to sell these securities nor does the Company consider it more likely than not that it will be required to sell these securities before the recovery of amortized cost basis, which may be upon maturity, the Company concluded an allowance for credit losses is unnecessary at December 31, 2022.

At December 31, 2022, there were 83 other asset-backed securities in an unrealized loss position. The decline in fair value is attributable to changes in interest rates relative to where these investments fall within the yield curve and their individual characteristics. Because the Company does not currently intend to sell these securities nor does the Company consider it more likely than not that it will be required to sell these securities before the recovery of amortized cost basis, which may be upon maturity, the Company concluded an allowance for credit losses is unnecessary at December 31, 2022.

At December 31, 2022, there were 563 state and municipal government securities in an unrealized loss position. The unrealized losses on state and municipal securities were caused by interest rate changes or widening of market spreads subsequent to the purchase of the individual securities. Management monitors published credit ratings of these securities for adverse changes. As of December 31, 2022, none of the rated obligations of state and local government entities held by the Company had a below investment grade credit rating. Because the credit quality of these securities is investment grade and the Company does not currently intend to sell these securities nor does the Company consider it more likely than not that it will be required to sell these securities before the recovery of amortized cost basis, which may be upon maturity, the Company concluded an allowance for credit losses is unnecessary at December 31, 2022.

At December 31, 2022, there were 21 U.S. government agency and government-sponsored enterprise securities in an unrealized loss position. The decline in fair value is attributable to changes in interest rates relative to where these investments fall within the yield curve and their individual characteristics. Because the Company does not intend to sell these securities nor does the Company consider it more likely than not that it will be required to sell these securities before the recovery of amortized cost basis, which may be upon maturity, the Company concluded an allowance for credit losses is unnecessary at December 31, 2022.

At December 31, 2022, there were 10 U.S. government securities in an unrealized loss position. The decline in fair value is attributable to changes in interest rates relative to where these investments fall within the yield curve and their individual characteristics. Because the Company does not intend to sell these securities nor does the Company consider it more likely than not that it will be required to sell these securities before the recovery of amortized cost basis, which may be upon maturity, the Company concluded an allowance for credit losses is unnecessary at December 31, 2022.

At December 31, 2022, there were 56 non-agency collateralized mortgage obligations in an unrealized loss position. The decline in fair value is attributable to changes in interest rates relative to where these investments fall within the yield curve and their individual characteristics. Because the Company does not intend to sell these securities nor does the Company consider it more likely than not that it will be required to sell these securities before the recovery of amortized cost basis, which may be upon maturity, the Company concluded an allowance for credit losses is unnecessary at December 31, 2022.

Equity Securities without Readily Determinable Fair Values

In 2008, the Company received Visa Class B restricted shares as part of Visa’s initial public offering. These shares are transferable only under limited circumstances until they can be converted into publicly traded Visa Class A common shares. This conversion will not occur until the settlement of certain litigation which is indemnified by Visa members, including the Company. Visa funded an escrow account from its initial public offering to settle these litigation claims. Should this escrow account not be sufficient to cover these litigation claims, Visa is entitled to fund additional amounts to the escrow account by reducing each member banks’ Visa Class B conversion ratio to unrestricted Visa Class A shares.

During the year ended December 31, 2020, the Company sold 17,360 shares of Visa Class B restricted stock, which resulted in an observable market price. As a result, the Company adjusted the carrying value of its remaining Visa Class B restricted shares upward to this observable market price. At December 31, 2022, the Company owned 77,683 Visa Class B shares, which had a carrying value of $13.4 million.

Loans

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2022

Loans and Leases Receivable, Net Amount [Abstract]

Financing Receivables [Text Block]

Loans

The Company’s loan portfolio includes originated and purchased loans. The following is an analysis of the loan portfolio by segment (net of unearned income):


	December 31,
	2022		2021

	(in thousands)
Commercial loans:
Commercial real estate	$	5,352,785	$	4,981,263
Commercial business	3,750,564		3,423,268
Agriculture	848,903		795,715
Construction	540,861		384,755
Consumer loans:
One-to-four family residential real estate	1,077,494		1,013,908
Other consumer	40,366		43,028
Total loans	11,610,973		10,641,937
Less: Allowance for credit losses	(158,438)		(155,578)
Total loans, net	$	11,452,535	$	10,486,359

At December 31, 2022 and 2021, the Company had no material foreign activities. Substantially all of the Company’s loans and unfunded commitments are geographically concentrated in its service areas within the states of Washington, Oregon Idaho and California.

At December 31, 2022 and 2021, $4.36 billion and $3.49 billion, respectively, of commercial and residential real estate loans were pledged as collateral on FHLB advances. The Company has also pledged $301.4 million and $200.5 million of commercial loans to the FRB for additional borrowing capacity at December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively.

Accrued interest receivable for loans is included in “Interest receivable” on the Company’s Consolidated Balance Sheet and is not reflected in the balances in the table above. At December 31, 2022 and 2021, accrued interest receivable for loans was $43.4 million and $32.4 million, respectively. The Company does not measure an allowance for credit losses for accrued interest receivable.

The following is an aging of the amortized cost of the loan portfolio as of December 31, 2022 and 2021:


	Current Loans		30 - 59 Days Past Due		60 - 89 Days Past Due		Greater than 90 Days Past Due		Total Past Due		Nonaccrual Loans		Total Loans

December 31, 2022	(in thousands)
Commercial loans:
Commercial real estate	$	5,338,999	$	6,756	$	3,786	$	—	$	10,542	$	3,244	$	5,352,785
Commercial business	3,739,731		4,336		1,364		—		5,700		5,133		3,750,564
Agriculture	842,506		493		1,537		—		2,030		4,367		848,903
Construction	540,861		—		—		—		—		—		540,861
Consumer loans:
One-to-four family residential real estate	1,072,211		4,315		283		—		4,598		685		1,077,494
Other consumer	40,172		160		22		—		182		12		40,366
Total	$	11,574,480	$	16,060	$	6,992	$	—	$	23,052	$	13,441	$	11,610,973

	Current Loans		30 - 59 Days Past Due		60 - 89 Days Past Due		Greater than 90 Days Past Due		Total Past Due		Nonaccrual Loans		Total Loans

December 31, 2021	(in thousands)
Commercial loans:
Commercial real estate	$	4,977,781	$	—	$	1,610	—		$	1,610	$	1,872	$	4,981,263
Commercial business	3,406,539		2,721		687		—		3,408		13,321		3,423,268
Agriculture	789,112		1,207		—		—		1,207		5,396		795,715
Construction	384,755		—		—		—		—		—		384,755
Consumer loans:
One-to-four family residential real estate	1,010,343		921		211		—		1,132		2,433		1,013,908
Other consumer	42,998		11		—		—		11		19		43,028
Total	$	10,611,528	$	4,860	$	2,508	$	—	$	7,368	$	23,041	$	10,641,937

Loan payments are considered timely when the contractual principal or interest due in accordance with the terms of the loan agreement or any portion thereof is received on the due date of the scheduled payment.

Nonaccrual loans are generally loans placed on a nonaccrual basis when they become 90 days past due or when there are otherwise serious doubts about the collectability of principal or interest within the existing terms of the loan. The Company’s policy is to write-off all accrued interest on loans when they are placed on nonaccrual status.

The following table summarizes written-off interest on nonaccrual loans for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020:


	Years Ended December 31,
	2022		2021		2020

	(in thousands)
Commercial loans	$	604	$	628	$	1,972
Consumer loans	25		45		28
Total	$	629	$	673	$	2,000

The following summarizes the amortized cost of nonaccrual loans for which there was no related ACL as of December 31, 2022 and 2021:


	December 31, 2022		December 31, 2021

	(in thousands)
Commercial loans:
Commercial real estate	$	2,281	$	932
Commercial business	815		5,131
Agriculture	2,111		3,756




Total	$	5,207	$	9,819

The following is an analysis of loans classified as TDR for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020:


	Years Ended December 31,
	2022					2021					2020
	Number of TDR Modifications	Pre-Modification Outstanding Recorded Investment		Post-Modification Outstanding Recorded Investment		Number of TDR Modifications	Pre-Modification Outstanding Recorded Investment		Post-Modification Outstanding Recorded Investment		Number of TDR Modifications	Pre-Modification Outstanding Recorded Investment		Post-Modification Outstanding Recorded Investment

	(dollars in thousands)
Commercial loans:
Commercial real estate	—	$	—	$	—	1	$	628	$	628	—	$	—	$	—
Commercial business	2	637		637		11	2,600		2,600		11	3,257		3,257
Agriculture	1	633		633		1	583		583		2	3,495		3,495

Consumer loans:
One-to-four family residential real estate	1	50		50		3	155		155		6	814		814
Other consumer	—	—		—		—	—		—		—	—		—
Total	4	$	1,320	$	1,320	16	$	3,966	$	3,966	19	$	7,566	$	7,566

The Company’s loans classified as TDR are loans that have been modified or the borrower has been granted special concessions due to financial difficulties, that if not for the challenges of the borrower, the Company would not otherwise consider. The Company had $123 thousand of commitments to lend additional funds on loans classified as TDR as of December 31, 2022 as compared to $1.5 million of similar commitments at December 31, 2021. The TDR modifications or concessions are made to increase the likelihood that these borrowers with financial difficulties will be able to satisfy their debt obligations as amended. The concessions granted in the restructurings, summarized in the table above, largely consisted of maturity extensions, interest rate modifications or a combination of both. In limited circumstances, a reduction in the principal balance of the loan could also be made as a concession. The Company had no loans classified as TDR that defaulted within 12 months of being classified as TDR during the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020.

Allowance for Credit Losses and Unfunded Commitments and Letters of Credit

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2022

Allowance For Credit Losses And Unfunded Loan Commitments And Letters Of Credit

Allowance For Credit Losses And Allowance for Unfunded Commitments And Letters Of Credit Text Block [Text Block]

Allowance for Credit Losses and Allowance for Unfunded Commitments and Letters of Credit

The ACL is determined through quarterly assessments of the present value of expected future cash flows within the loan portfolio, which are deducted from the loan’s amortized cost basis to determine the expected credit losses of the loan portfolio. We estimate the ACL using relevant and reliable available information, which is derived from both internal and external sources, relating to past events, current conditions, and reasonable and supportable forecasts. Additions to and recaptures from the ACL are charged to current period earnings through the provision for credit losses. Loan amounts that are determined to be uncollectible are charged directly against the ACL and netted against amounts recovered on previously charged-off loans.

For the purpose of calculating portfolio level reserves, we have segmented our loan portfolio into two portfolio segments (Commercial and Consumer). The Commercial and Consumer portfolio segments are then further broken down into loan classes by risk characteristics. The risk characteristics include regulatory call codes, type of industry, risk ratings and collateral type.

The ACL is comprised of reserves measured on a collective (pool) basis using a quantitative DCF model for all loan classes with similar risk characteristics and then qualitatively adjusted for large loan concentrations, policy exceptions granted and other factors. The quantitative DCF model utilizes anticipated period cash flows determined on a loan-level basis. The anticipated cash flows take into account contractual principal and interest payments, anticipated segment level prepayments, probability of defaults and historical loss given defaults. The majority of our loan classes utilize regression models to calculate probability of defaults, in which macroeconomic factors are correlated to historical quarterly defaults. The Commercial segment multi-factor models utilize a mix of 15 macroeconomic factors, including the most commonly used factors: Real GDP, National Unemployment Rate, Disposable Personal Income, Home Price Index and Private Inventories. The Consumer segment multi-factor models utilize a mix of three macroeconomic factors: National Unemployment Rate, Home Price Index and Disposable Income. The Company utilizes an 18 month reasonable and supportable forecast for the macroeconomic factors, after which the probability of default reverts to its historical mean using a straight-line basis constructed on each macroeconomic factor’s absolute historical quarterly change.

Loans are individually measured for credit losses if they do not share similar risk characteristics of other loans within their respective pools. Individually measured loans are primarily nonaccrual and collateral dependent with balances equal to or greater than $500,000 and for which the borrower is experiencing financial difficulty such that full satisfaction of the contractual terms of the loan are in question. Commercial real estate loans are secured by commercial real estate, including owner occupied and non-owner occupied commercial real estate, as well as multifamily residential real estate. Commercial business loans are primarily secured by non-real estate collateral, including equipment and other non-real estate fixed assets, inventory, receivables and cash. Agricultural loans are secured by farmland and other agricultural real estate, as well as equipment, inventory, such as crops and livestock, non-real estate fixed assets and cash. Construction loans are secured by one-to-four family residential real estate and commercial real estate in varying stages of development. One-to-four family residential real estate loans are secured by one-to-four family residential properties. Other consumer loans are secured by personal property. For collateral dependent loans, the Company calculates the allowance as the difference between the amortized cost of the loan and the fair market value of the collateral. The fair market value of the collateral is determined by either the discounted expected future cash flows from the operation of the collateral or the appraised value of the collateral, less costs to sell. If the fair value of the collateral is greater than the amortized cost of the loan, no reserve is recorded.

The Company also records an allowance for credit losses on unfunded loan commitments and letters of credit. We estimate expected credit losses on unfunded commitments in which we are exposed to credit risk, unless we have the option to unconditionally cancel the obligation. Expected credit losses are calculated based on the likelihood that funding will occur and an estimate of what will be funded by analyzing the most recent four-quarter utilization rates, current utilization and our quantitative ACL rate. The allowance for unfunded commitments and letters of credit is included in “Other Liabilities” on the Consolidated Balance Sheets, with changes to the balance being charged to noninterest expense.

We do not measure an allowance for credit losses on accrued interest receivable balances because these balances are written-off in a timely manner as a reduction to interest income when loans are placed on nonaccrual status.

The following tables show a detailed analysis of the ACL for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020:


	Beginning Balance		Charge-offs		Recoveries		Provision (Recapture)		Ending Balance

Year Ended December 31, 2022	(in thousands)
Commercial loans:
Commercial real estate	$	61,254	$	(299)	$	207	$	(6,306)	$	54,856
Commercial business	54,712		(2,108)		2,183		3,049		57,836
Agriculture	8,148		(799)		869		853		9,071
Construction	5,397		—		387		7,358		13,142
Consumer loans:
One-to-four family residential real estate	24,123		(3)		943		(2,708)		22,355
Other consumer	1,944		(1,240)		770		(296)		1,178

Total	$	155,578	$	(4,449)	$	5,359	$	1,950	$	158,438


	Beginning Balance		Initial ACL recorded for PCD loans acquired during the period		Charge-offs		Recoveries		Provision (Recapture)		Ending Balance

Year Ended December 31, 2021	(in thousands)
Commercial loans:
Commercial real estate	$	68,934	$	2,225	$	(1,044)	$	633	$	(9,494)	$	61,254
Commercial business	45,250		30		(6,364)		4,862		10,934		54,712
Agriculture	9,052		38		(322)		355		(975)		8,148
Construction	7,636		35		—		593		(2,867)		5,397
Consumer loans:
One-to-four family residential real estate	16,875		286		(170)		907		6,225		24,123
Other consumer	1,393		2		(1,163)		735		977		1,944
Unallocated	—		—		—		—		—		—
Total	$	149,140	$	2,616	$	(9,063)	$	8,085	$	4,800	$	155,578


	Beginning Balance		Impact of Adopting ASC 326		Charge-offs		Recoveries		Provision (Recapture)		Ending Balance

Year Ended December 31, 2020					(in thousands)
Commercial loans:
Commercial real estate	$	20,340	$	7,533	$	(1,419)	$	131	$	42,349	$	68,934
Commercial business	30,292		762		(12,396)		3,438		23,154		45,250
Agriculture	15,835		(9,325)		(6,427)		172		8,797		9,052
Construction	8,571		(1,750)		—		709		106		7,636
Consumer loans:
One-to-four family residential real estate	7,435		4,237		(84)		2,083		3,204		16,875
Other consumer	883		778		(766)		399		99		1,393
Unallocated	612		(603)		—		—		(9)		—
Total	$	83,968	$	1,632	$	(21,092)	$	6,932	$	77,700	$	149,140

The $2.9 million increase in the ACL at December 31, 2022 compared to the ACL at December 31, 2021 was primarily due to the increase in the size of the loan portfolio. This was partially offset by significant improvement in the portfolio composition with declining special mention and substandard loans as a percentage of the portfolio, lower anticipated losses given default and the reductions of pandemic-related model inputs. The ACL does not include a reserve for the PPP loans as these loans are fully guaranteed by the SBA.

Changes in the allowance for unfunded commitments and letters of credit, a component of “Other liabilities” in the Consolidated Balance Sheets, are summarized as follows:


	Years Ended December 31,
	2022		2021		2020

	(in thousands)
Beginning balance	$	8,500	$	8,300	$	3,430
Impact of Adopting ASC 326	—		—		1,570
Net changes in the allowance for unfunded commitments and letters of credit	(500)		200		3,300
Ending balance	$	8,000	$	8,500	$	8,300

Credit Quality Indicators

The extension of credit in the form of loans or other credit products to consumer and commercial clients is one of our principal business activities. Our policies and applicable laws and regulations require risk analysis as well as ongoing portfolio and credit management. We manage our credit risk through lending limit constraints, credit review, approval policies and extensive, ongoing internal monitoring. We also manage credit risk through diversification of the loan portfolio by type of loan, type of industry and type of borrower and by limiting the aggregation of debt to a single borrower.

We evaluate the credit quality of our loan portfolio using regulatory risk ratings, which are based on relevant information about the borrower’s financial condition, including current financial condition, historical payment experience, credit documentation and current economic trends. Risk ratings are reviewed and updated whenever appropriate, with more periodic reviews as the risk and dollar value of the loss on the loan increases. All loans risk rated special mention or worse with amortized costs exceeding $250,000 are reviewed at least quarterly with more frequent review for specific loans.

Pass rated loans are generally considered to have sufficient sources of repayment in order to repay the loan in full in accordance with all terms and conditions. Special Mention rated loans have potential weaknesses that, if left uncorrected, may result in deterioration of the repayment prospects for the asset or in the Company’s credit position at some future date. Loans with a risk rating of Substandard or worse are reviewed to assess the ability of our borrowers to service all interest and principal obligations and, as a result, the risk rating or accrual status may be adjusted accordingly. Loans risk rated as Substandard reflect loans where a loss is possible if loan weaknesses are not corrected. Doubtful rated loans have a high probability of loss; however, the amount of loss has not yet been determined. Loss rated loans are considered uncollectible and when identified, are charged-off.

The following is an analysis of the credit quality of our loan portfolio as of December 31, 2022 and 2021:


													Revolving Loans Amortized Cost Basis		Revolving Loans Converted to Term Loans Amortized Cost Basis
	Term Loans
	Amortized Cost Basis by Origination Year
	2022		2021		2020		2019		2018		Prior						Total (1)

December 31, 2022	(in thousands)
Commercial loans:
Commercial real estate
Pass	$	1,182,136	$	1,009,480	$	636,056	$	588,494	$	394,552	$	1,295,185	$	75,487	$	12,551	$	5,193,941
Special mention	1,698		—		1,357		15,199		1,513		13,590		—		—		33,357
Substandard	318		7,460		20,317		30,422		2,904		60,343		3,723		—		125,487

Total commercial real estate	$	1,184,152	$	1,016,940	$	657,730	$	634,115	$	398,969	$	1,369,118	$	79,210	$	12,551	$	5,352,785
Commercial business
Pass	$	521,615	$	658,452	$	337,927	$	208,199	$	159,105	$	247,086	$	1,456,332	$	9,736	$	3,598,452
Special mention	1,129		3,681		617		6,335		187		193		17,988		74		30,204
Substandard	2,716		6,162		2,210		16,164		20,321		28,402		39,037		6,896		121,908

Total commercial business	$	525,460	$	668,295	$	340,754	$	230,698	$	179,613	$	275,681	$	1,513,357	$	16,706	$	3,750,564
Agriculture
Pass	$	141,623	$	119,538	$	68,621	$	67,689	$	20,570	$	91,411	$	301,607	$	1,345	$	812,404
Special mention	3,890		659		—		198		—		33		598		—		5,378
Substandard	1,425		1,280		2,104		2,986		20		6,105		17,201		—		31,121

Total agriculture	$	146,938	$	121,477	$	70,725	$	70,873	$	20,590	$	97,549	$	319,406	$	1,345	$	848,903
Construction
Pass	$	220,558	$	208,472	$	20,334	$	14,329	$	2,437	$	3,192	$	67,559	$	1,037	$	537,918
Special mention	—		734		—		—		—		—		—		—		734
Substandard	—		—		—		1,717		443		49		—		—		2,209

Total construction	$	220,558	$	209,206	$	20,334	$	16,046	$	2,880	$	3,241	$	67,559	$	1,037	$	540,861
Consumer loans:
One-to-four family residential real estate
Pass	$	156,406	$	354,364	$	124,150	$	37,546	$	39,054	$	84,403	$	277,930	$	1,288	$	1,075,141

Substandard	—		—		—		253		498		932		510		160		2,353

Total one-to-four family residential real estate	$	156,406	$	354,364	$	124,150	$	37,799	$	39,552	$	85,335	$	278,440	$	1,448	$	1,077,494
Other consumer
Pass	$	5,235	$	2,614	$	1,169	$	819	$	1,209	$	7,833	$	21,276	$	201	$	40,356

Substandard	—		—		—		—		—		10		—		—		10

Total consumer	$	5,235	$	2,614	$	1,169	$	819	$	1,209	$	7,843	$	21,276	$	201	$	40,366
Total	$	2,238,749	$	2,372,896	$	1,214,862	$	990,350	$	642,813	$	1,838,767	$	2,279,248	$	33,288	$	11,610,973
Less:
Allowance for credit losses																	158,438
Loans, net																	$	11,452,535

_________

(1) Loans that are on short-term deferments are treated as Pass loans and will not be reported as past due provided that they are performing in accordance with the modified terms.


													Revolving Loans Amortized Cost Basis		Revolving Loans Converted to Term Loans Amortized Cost Basis
	Term Loans
	Amortized Cost Basis by Origination Year
	2021		2020		2019		2018		2017		Prior						Total

December 31, 2021	(in thousands)
Commercial loans:
Commercial real estate
Pass	$	1,068,493	$	760,545	$	650,593	$	492,348	$	515,233	$	1,180,115	$	74,754	$	3,644	$	4,745,725
Special mention	2,252		—		19,016		6,196		163		27,270		—		2,199		57,096
Substandard	4,119		5,897		45,769		9,112		29,917		82,599		1,029		—		178,442

Total commercial real estate	$	1,074,864	$	766,442	$	715,378	$	507,656	$	545,313	$	1,289,984	$	75,783	$	5,843	$	4,981,263
Commercial business
Pass	$	891,957	$	426,004	$	280,823	$	217,605	$	144,363	$	232,356	$	1,028,616	$	35,411	$	3,257,135
Special mention	621		135		6,097		747		105		51		34,256		236		42,248
Substandard	4,329		4,610		18,393		28,066		20,568		27,462		18,796		1,661		123,885

Total commercial business	$	896,907	$	430,749	$	305,313	$	246,418	$	165,036	$	259,869	$	1,081,668	$	37,308	$	3,423,268
Agriculture
Pass	$	147,561	$	87,964	$	74,658	$	29,739	$	46,058	$	79,693	$	266,573	$	5,448	$	737,694
Special mention	162		—		445		—		—		—		565		—		1,172
Substandard	—		7,717		9,148		1,616		5,532		1,833		29,125		1,878		56,849

Total agriculture	$	147,723	$	95,681	$	84,251	$	31,355	$	51,590	$	81,526	$	296,263	$	7,326	$	795,715
Construction
Pass	$	228,661	$	53,880	$	35,795	$	3,183	$	3,285	$	2,189	$	55,765	$	—	$	382,758

Substandard	—		—		1,748		—		—		249		—		—		1,997

Total construction	$	228,661	$	53,880	$	37,543	$	3,183	$	3,285	$	2,438	$	55,765	$	—	$	384,755
Consumer loans:
One-to-four family residential real estate
Pass	$	390,153	$	140,799	$	56,520	$	51,549	$	32,447	$	111,307	$	222,747	$	1,347	$	1,006,869

Substandard	85		470		183		562		234		4,736		485		284		7,039

Total one-to-four family residential real estate	$	390,238	$	141,269	$	56,703	$	52,111	$	32,681	$	116,043	$	223,232	$	1,631	$	1,013,908
Other consumer
Pass	$	7,045	$	2,711	$	1,950	$	13,489	$	560	$	1,277	$	15,853	$	97	$	42,982

Substandard	—		—		—		—		1		13		23		9		46

Total consumer	$	7,045	$	2,711	$	1,950	$	13,489	$	561	$	1,290	$	15,876	$	106	$	43,028
Total	$	2,745,438	$	1,490,732	$	1,201,138	$	854,212	$	798,466	$	1,751,150	$	1,748,587	$	52,214	$	10,641,937
Less:
Allowance for credit losses																	155,578
Loans, net																	$	10,486,359

Other Real Estate Owned

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2022

Other Real Estate, Foreclosed Assets, and Repossessed Assets [Abstract]

Other Real Estate Owned [Text Block]

Other Real Estate Owned

The following table sets forth activity in OREO for the periods indicated:


	Years Ended December 31,
	2022		2021

	(in thousands)
Balance, beginning of period	$	381	$	553



Valuation adjustments	(182)		(140)
Proceeds from sale of OREO property	(200)		(132)
Gain on sale of OREO, net	1		100
Balance, end of period	$	—	$	381

At December 31, 2022, there were no foreclosed residential real estate properties held as a result of obtaining physical possession and there were no consumer mortgage loans secured by residential real estate properties for which formal foreclosure proceedings were in process.

Premises and Equipment

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2022

Property, Plant and Equipment [Abstract]

Premises and Equipment [Text Block]

Premises and Equipment

Real and personal property and software, less accumulated depreciation and amortization, were as follows:


	December 31,
	2022		2021

	(in thousands)
Land	$	50,393	$	52,639
Buildings	116,005		119,546
Leasehold improvements	32,694		31,084
Furniture and equipment	40,712		41,313
Vehicles	525		476
Computer software	8,385		9,942
Total cost	248,714		255,000
Less accumulated depreciation and amortization	(88,136)		(82,856)
Total	$	160,578	$	172,144

Total depreciation and amortization expense was $11.7 million, $11.0 million, and $10.7 million, for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021, and 2020, respectively.

Goodwill and Intangible Assets

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2022

Goodwill and Intangible Assets Disclosure [Abstract]

Goodwill and Intangible Assets [Text Block]

Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets

Goodwill is not amortized but is reviewed for potential impairment at the reporting unit level. Management analyzes its goodwill for impairment on an annual basis and between annual tests in certain circumstances such as upon material adverse changes in legal, business, regulatory and economic factors. An impairment loss is recorded to the extent that the carrying amount of goodwill exceeds its implied fair value. The Company performed its annual impairment assessment as of July 31, 2022 and concluded that there was no impairment. As of December 31, 2022, we determined there were no events or circumstances which would more likely than not reduce the fair value of our reporting unit below its carrying amount.

Our CDIs are evaluated for impairment if events and circumstances indicate possible impairment. The CDIs are amortized on an accelerated basis over an estimated life of 10 years each.

The following table sets forth activity for goodwill and other intangible assets for the periods indicated:


	Years Ended December 31,
	2022		2021		2020

	(in thousands)
Goodwill, beginning of period	$	823,172	$	765,842	$	765,842
Established through acquisition (1)	—		57,330		—
Total goodwill, end of period	823,172		823,172		765,842
Other intangible assets, net
CDI:
Gross CDI balance, beginning of period (2)	88,931		78,821		105,473
Accumulated amortization, beginning of period	(55,203)		(53,006)		(70,934)
CDI, net, beginning of period	33,728		25,815		34,539
Established through acquisition	—		15,900		—
CDI current period amortization	(8,698)		(7,987)		(8,724)
Total CDI, end of period	25,030		33,728		25,815
Intangible assets not subject to amortization	919		919		919
Other intangible assets, net at end of period	25,949		34,647		26,734
Total goodwill and intangible assets, end of period	$	849,121	$	857,819	$	792,576

__________

(1) See Note 2, Business Combinations, for additional information regarding the goodwill related to the acquisition of Bank of Commerce on October 1, 2021.

(2) For the year ended December 31, 2021, the gross CDI balance, beginning of period has been adjusted to remove fully amortized amounts. Prior period columns have not been adjusted.

The following table provides the estimated future amortization expense of CDI for the succeeding five years:


	Years Ending December 31,

	(in thousands)
2023	$	7,082
2024	5,673
2025	4,366
2026	3,225
2027	2,083

Leases

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2022

Leases [Abstract]

Lessee, Operating Leases [Text Block]

Leases

Lease Commitments

The Company’s lease commitments consist primarily of leased locations under various non-cancellable operating leases that expire between 2023 and 2043. The majority of the leases contain renewal options and provisions for increases in rental rates based on an agreed upon index or predetermined escalation schedule.

The following table shows the details of the Company’s operating lease right-of-use asset and the associated lease liability for the period indicated:


		December 31,
Item	Balance Sheet Location	2022		2021

		(in thousands)
Operating lease asset	Other assets	$	53,156	$	60,296
Operating lease liability	Other liabilities	$	58,543	$	66,375

At December 31, 2022, the Company’s operating leases have a weighted average remaining lease term of 7.0 years and a weighted average discount rate of 2.5%. Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of operating lease liabilities was $12.6 million and $12.5 million for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively. Right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for new operating lease liabilities during the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021 were $1.9 million and $7.2 million, respectively.

The following table shows the components of net lease costs:


		Years Ended December 31,
Item	Statement of Income Location	2022		2021		2020

		(in thousands)
Operating lease cost (1)	Occupancy	$	12,133	$	11,760	$	11,073
Variable lease cost	Occupancy	1,987		1,800		1,732
Sublease income	Occupancy	(1,634)		(1,562)		(1,454)
Net lease cost		$	12,486	$	11,998	$	11,351

__________

(1) Includes short-term lease costs, which are immaterial.

The following table shows the maturity analysis for operating leases as of December 31, 2022:


	Years Ending December 31,
	(in thousands)
2023	$	11,597
2024	10,454
2025	9,110
2026	7,898
2027	6,851
Thereafter	18,269
Total future minimum lease payments	64,179
Amounts representing interest	(5,636)
Present value of minimum lease payments	$	58,543

Sale-leaseback transactions:

In 2022, the Company sold one of its Oregon facilities and leased back two suites within the building. The lease terms are through September 2032 and September 2024, with monthly payments of approximately $13 thousand and $9 thousand, respectively. The sale-leaseback transaction resulted in a pre-tax gain of $3.7 million in the year ended December 31, 2022.

For additional detail regarding the lease guidance, see N ote 1 , “Summary of Significant Accounting Policies.”

Deposits

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2022

Deposits [Abstract]

Deposits [Text Block]

Deposits

Year-end deposits are summarized in the following table:


	December 31,
	2022 (1)		2021

	(in thousands)
Demand and other noninterest-bearing	$	8,373,350	$	8,856,714
Money market	2,972,838		3,525,299
Interest-bearing demand	1,980,631		1,999,407
Savings	1,555,765		1,617,546
Interest-bearing public funds, other than certificates of deposit	670,580		779,146
Certificates of deposit, less than $250,000	215,848		249,120
Certificates of deposit, $250,000 or more	124,411		160,490
Certificates of deposit insured by CD Option of IntraFi Network Deposits	21,828		35,611

Reciprocal money market accounts	796,199		786,046
Subtotal	16,711,450		18,009,379
Valuation adjustment resulting from acquisition accounting	—		736
Total deposits	$	16,711,450	$	18,010,115

__________

(1) Includes $259.4 million of noninterest-bearing deposits and $325.7 million of interest-bearing deposits classified as held for sale at December 31, 2022.

Overdrafts of $1.6 million and $2.4 million were reclassified as loan balances at December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively.

The following table shows the amount and maturity of time deposits:


	Years Ending December 31,
	(in thousands)
2023 (1)	$	266,873
2024	62,907
2025	14,325
2026	9,688
2027	8,284
Thereafter	10
Total	$	362,087

__________

(1) Includes $23.9 million of time deposits held for sale.

Federal Home Loan Bank and Federal Reserve Bank Borrowings

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2022

Federal Home Loan Bank and Federal Reserve Bank Borrowings [Abstract]

Federal Home Loan Bank and Federal Reserve Bank Borrowings [Text Block]

FHLB and FRB Borrowings

FHLB

The Company has entered into borrowing arrangements with the FHLB to borrow funds under a short-term floating rate fed funds overnight advance program and fixed-term loan agreements. All borrowings are secured by stock of the FHLB and a blanket pledge of qualifying loans receivable. The Company had aggregate borrowing capacity with the FHLB of $1.92 billion and $2.18 billion for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively and the Company had borrowed $954.0 million as of December 31, 2022 and $7.0 million as of December 31, 2021. See Note 5, “Loans,” for the carrying value of pledged loans.

At December 31, 2022, FHLB advances were scheduled to mature as follows:


	Federal Home Loan Bank Advances Fixed rate advances
	Weighted Average Rate		Amount

	(dollars in thousands)
Within 1 year	4.42	%	$	949,000


Due after 10 years	5.37	%	5,000
Total			954,000
Valuation adjustment from acquisition accounting			315
Total			$	954,315

The maximum, average outstanding and year end balances and average interest rates on advances from the FHLB were as follows for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020:


	Years ended December 31,
	2022			2021			2020

	(dollars in thousands)
Balance at end of period	$	954,315		$	7,359		$	7,414
Average balance during period	$	112,012		$	7,388		$	341,643
Maximum month end balance during period	$	954,315		$	7,409		$	1,005,464
Weighted average rate during period	4.23		%	4.94		%	1.82		%
Weighted average rate at December 31	4.43		%	4.94		%	4.94		%

FRB

The Company pledges securities and loans for borrowing capacity at the FRB and had a borrowing capacity with the FRB of $198.8 million and $226.0 million for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively. See Note 4, “Securities,” for the carrying value of pledged investment securities and Note 5, “Loans,” for the carrying value of pledged loans. In 2020, the Company was also eligible to borrow under the PPPLF utilizing PPP loans as collateral; however this facility terminated on July 30, 2021. The Company had no borrowings as of December 31, 2022 and average borrowings of $1.7 million for 2022. The Company had no borrowings as of December 31, 2021 and only test overnight borrowings during the year resulting in no average borrowings for 2021. While the Company also had no borrowings as of December 31, 2020, there were overnight borrowings, in addition to short-term test borrowings under the PPPLF at a rate of 0.35%, resulting in average borrowings of $1.1 million for 2020

Securities Sold Under Agreements to Repurchase	12 Months Ended
Securities Sold Under Agreements to Repurchase	Dec. 31, 2022
Securities Sold under Agreements to Repurchase [Abstract]
Securities sold under agreements to repurchase [Text Block]	Securities Sold Under Agreements to RepurchaseThe Company’s securities sold under agreements to repurchase consist of sweep repurchase agreements that are generally short-term agreements. These agreements are treated as financing transactions and the obligations to repurchase securities sold are reflected as a liability in the Consolidated Financial Statements. The dollar amount of securities underlying the agreements remains in the applicable asset account of the Consolidated Financial Statements. These agreements had a balance of $95.2 million and a weighted average interest rate of 3.94% at December 31, 2022. All of these repurchase agreements in existence at December 31, 2022 mature on a daily basis. Securities available for sale with a carrying amount of $106.1 million at December 31, 2022 were pledged as collateral for the sweep repurchase agreement borrowings.

Subordinated debentures	12 Months Ended
Subordinated debentures	Dec. 31, 2022
Subordinated Borrowing [Line Items]
Subordinated Borrowings Disclosure [Text Block]	Subordinated DebenturesOn October 1, 2021, with its acquisition of Bank of Commerce, the Company assumed $10.0 million in aggregate principal amount of fixed-to-floating rate subordinated debentures. Interest on the subordinated debentures will be paid at a variable rate equal to three-month LIBOR plus 5.26%, payable quarterly until the maturity date of December 10, 2025.

Junior subordinated debentures	12 Months Ended
Junior subordinated debentures	Dec. 31, 2022
Junior subordinated debentures [Abstract]
Junior Subordinated Debentures [Text Block]	Junior Subordinated DebenturesOn October 1, 2021, with its acquisition of Bank of Commerce, the Company assumed $10.3 million of trust preferred obligations. These obligations bear a contractual interest rate of junior subordinated debentures based on the three-month LIBOR plus 1.58% adjusted quarterly and are redeemable at the Company’s option on any March 15, June 15, September 15, or December 15.

Revolving line of credit	12 Months Ended
Revolving line of credit	Dec. 31, 2022
Line of Credit
Line of Credit Facility [Line Items]
Short-term Debt [Text Block]	Revolving Line of CreditThe Company has a $15.0 million short-term credit facility with an unaffiliated bank. This facility, which expires May 25, 2023, has a variable interest rate and provides the Company additional liquidity, if needed, for various corporate activities. As of December 31, 2022, there was no outstanding balance. The credit agreement requires the Company to comply with certain covenants, including those related to asset quality and capital levels. The Company was in compliance with all covenants associated with this facility at December 31, 2022.

Derivatives and Balance Sheet Offsetting

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2022

General Discussion of Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities [Abstract]

Derivatives and Balance Sheet Offsetting [Text Block]

Derivatives and Balance Sheet Offsetting

The Company is exposed to certain risks arising from both its business and economic conditions. The Company principally manages its exposures to a wide variety of business and operational risks through management of its core business activities. The Company manages economic risks, including interest rate, liquidity and credit risk, primarily by managing the amount, sources and duration of its assets and liabilities as well as the use of derivative financial instruments. Specifically, the Company enters into interest rate-based derivative financial instruments to manage exposures that arise from business activities that result in the receipt or payment of future known and uncertain cash amounts. The Company’s derivative financial instruments are used to manage differences in the amount, timing and duration of the Company’s known or expected cash receipts and its known or expected cash payments principally related to the Company’s loan portfolio.

The Company’s objectives in using interest rate derivatives are to add stability to interest income and to manage its exposure to interest rate movements. To accomplish this objective, the Company used an interest rate collar as part of its interest rate risk management strategy. Interest rate collars designated as cash flow hedges involve the payments of variable-rate amounts if interest rates rise above the cap strike rate on the contract and receipts of variable-rate amounts if interest rates fall below the floor strike rate on the contract. These derivative contracts were used to hedge the variable cash flows associated with existing variable-rate assets.

With respect to derivatives designated and that qualify as cash flow hedges of interest rate risk, the gain or loss on the derivative is recorded in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) and subsequently reclassified into interest income in the same period(s) during which the hedged transaction affects earnings. Amounts reported in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) related to derivatives are reclassified to interest income as interest payments are received on the Company’s variable-rate assets. During the next 12 months, the Company estimates that there will be $10.4 million reclassified as an increase to interest income.

The Company may use derivatives to hedge the risk or changes in the fair values of interest rate lock commitments and residential mortgage loans held for sale. These derivatives are not designated as hedging instruments. Rather, they are accounted for as free-standing derivatives, or economic hedges, with changes in the fair value of the derivatives reported in income. The Company primarily utilizes interest rate forward loan sales contracts in its derivative risk management strategy.

The Company enters into forward delivery contracts to sell residential mortgage loans to broker/dealers at specific prices and dates in order to hedge the interest rate risk in its portfolio of mortgage loans held for sale and its residential mortgage interest rate lock commitments. Credit risk associated with forward contracts is limited to the replacement cost of those forward contracts in a gain position. There were no counterparty default losses on forward contracts during the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020. Market risk with respect to forward contracts arises principally from changes in the value of contractual positions due to changes in interest rates. The Bank limits its exposure to market risk by monitoring differences between commitments to customers and forward contracts with broker/dealers. In the event the Company has forward delivery contract commitments in excess of available mortgage loans, the Company completes the transaction by either paying or receiving a fee to or from the broker/dealer equal to the increase or decrease in the market value of the forward contract. At December 31, 2022 the Bank had no commitments to originate mortgage loans held for sale under the mandatory delivery method and had $21.8 million of loans held for sale under the mandatory delivery method at December 31, 2021. The Bank had no forward sales commitments at December 31, 2022 and had $18.5 million at December 31, 2021, which are used to hedge both on-balance sheet and off-balance sheet exposures.

In addition, the Company periodically enters into certain commercial loan interest rate swap agreements in order to provide commercial loan customers the ability to convert from variable to fixed interest rates. Under these agreements, the Company enters into a variable-rate loan agreement with a customer in addition to a swap agreement. This swap agreement effectively converts the customer’s variable rate loan into a fixed rate loan. The Company then enters into a corresponding swap agreement with a third party in order to offset its exposure on the variable and fixed components of the customer agreement. As the interest rate swap agreements with the customers and third parties are not designated as hedges under the Derivatives and Hedging topic of the FASB ASC, the instruments are marked to market in earnings. The notional amount of open interest rate swap agreements at December 31, 2022 and 2021 was $520.9 million and $570.2 million, respectively.

The following table presents the fair value of derivatives, as well as their classification on the Balance Sheet at December 31, 2022 and 2021:


	Asset Derivatives						Liability Derivatives
	2022			2021			2022			2021
	Balance Sheet Location	Fair Value		Balance Sheet Location	Fair Value		Balance Sheet Location	Fair Value		Balance Sheet Location	Fair Value

		(in thousands)


Derivatives not designated as hedging instruments:
Interest rate lock commitments	Other assets	$	—	Other assets	$	356	Other liabilities	$	—	Other liabilities	$	—
Interest rate forward loan sales contracts	Other assets	$	—	Other assets	$	—	Other liabilities	$	—	Other liabilities	$	27
Interest rate swap contracts	Other assets	$	40,289	Other assets	$	24,257	Other liabilities	$	40,289	Other liabilities	$	24,257

The table below presents the effect of cash flow hedge accounting on accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021:


	Amount of Gain or (Loss) Recognized in Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income on Derivative				Location of Gain or (Loss) Reclassified from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income into Income	Amount of Gain or (Loss) Reclassified from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income into Income
	Years Ended December 31,					Years Ended December 31,
	2022		2021			2022		2021

	(in thousands)
Interest rate collar	$	—	$	—	Interest income	$	10,441	$	10,441

In January 2019, the Company entered into a $500.0 million notional interest rate collar with a five-year term. In October 2020, the collar was terminated and resulted in a $34.4 million realized gain that was recorded in accumulated other comprehensive income, net of deferred income taxes. The gain will amortize through February 2024 into interest income. The gain will be amortized in this manner as long as the cash flows pertaining to the hedged item are expected to occur.

The following table summarizes the types of derivatives not designated as hedging instruments and the gains (losses) recorded during the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020:


	Years ended December 31,
	2022		2021		2020

	(in thousands)
Interest rate lock commitments	$	(356)	$	(740)	$	1,096
Interest rate forward loan sales contracts	27		139		(165)
Interest rate swap contracts	—		50		(452)
Total derivative gains (losses)	$	(329)	$	(551)	$	479

The gains and losses on the Company’s mortgage banking derivatives are included in loan revenue. Mark-to-market gains and losses on the Company’s interest rate swap contracts are recorded to “Other” noninterest expense.

The Company is party to interest rate swap contracts, interest rate collar and repurchase agreements that are subject to enforceable master netting arrangements or similar agreements. Under these agreements, the Company may have the right to net settle multiple contracts with the same counterparty.

The following tables show the gross interest rate swap contracts, collar agreements and repurchase agreements in the Consolidated Balance Sheets and the respective collateral received or pledged in the form of cash or other financial instruments. The collateral amounts in these tables are limited to the outstanding balances of the related asset or liability. Therefore, instances of overcollateralization are not shown.


	Gross Amounts of Recognized Assets/Liabilities		Gross Amounts Offset in the Consolidated Balance Sheets		Net Amounts of Assets/Liabilities Presented in the Consolidated Balance Sheets		Gross Amounts Not Offset in the Consolidated Balance Sheets
							Collateral Pledged/Received		Net Amount

December 31, 2022	(in thousands)
Assets
Interest rate swap contracts	$	40,289	$	—	$	40,289	$	(39,450)	$	839

Liabilities
Interest rate swap contracts	$	40,289	$	—	$	40,289	$	(180)	$	40,109
Repurchase agreements	$	95,168	$	—	$	95,168	$	(95,168)	$	—

December 31, 2021
Assets
Interest rate swap contracts	$	24,257	$	—	$	24,257	$	(450)	$	23,807

Liabilities
Interest rate swap contracts	$	24,257	$	—	$	24,257	$	(20,747)	$	3,510
Repurchase agreements	$	86,013	$	—	$	86,013	$	(86,013)	$	—

The Company’s agreements with each of its derivative counterparties provide that if the Company defaults or is capable of being declared in default on any of its indebtedness, the Company could also be declared in default on its derivative obligations.

The following table presents the class of collateral pledged for repurchase agreements as well as the remaining contractual maturity of the repurchase agreements:


	Remaining contractual maturity of the agreements
	Overnight and continuous		Up to 30 days		30 - 90 days		Greater than 90 days		Total

December 31, 2022	(in thousands)
Class of collateral pledged for repurchase agreements
U.S. government agency and government-sponsored enterprise mortgage-backed securities and collateralized mortgage obligations	$	95,168	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	95,168
Gross amount of recognized liabilities for repurchase agreements									95,168
Amounts related to agreements not included in offsetting disclosure									$	—

The collateral utilized for the Company’s repurchase agreements is subject to market fluctuations as well as prepayments of principal. The Company monitors the risk of the fair value of its pledged collateral falling below acceptable amounts based on the type of the underlying repurchase agreement. The pledged collateral related to the Company’s $95.2 million sweep repurchase agreements, which mature on an overnight basis, is monitored on a daily basis as the underlying sweep accounts can have frequent transaction activity and the amount of pledged collateral is adjusted as necessary.

Employee Benefit Plans

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2022

Retirement Benefits [Abstract]

Employee Benefit Plans [Text Block]

Employee Benefit Plans

401(k) Plan

The Company maintains defined contribution and profit sharing plans in conformity with the provisions of section 401(k) of the Internal Revenue Code. The Columbia Bank 401(k) Plan, permits Columbia Bank employees who are at least 18 years of age to contribute up to 75% of their eligible compensation to the 401(k) Plan starting on the first day of the month following their hire date. On a per pay period basis the Company is required to match 50% of employee contributions up to 3% of each employee’s eligible compensation. The Company contributed $3.5 million during 2022, $4.0 million during 2021 and $3.8 million during 2020, in matching funds to the 401(k) Plan. Additionally, as determined annually by the board of directors of the Company, the 401(k) Plan provides for a non-matching discretionary profit sharing contribution. The Company’s discretionary profit sharing contributions were $8.0 million during 2022, $7.7 million during 2021 and $8.1 million during 2020.

Employee Stock Purchase Plan

The Company maintains an ESP Plan in which substantially all employees of the Company are eligible to participate. The ESP Plan provides participants the opportunity to purchase common stock of the Company at a discounted price. Under the ESP Plan, participants can purchase common stock of the Company for 90% of the lowest price on either the first or last day in each of two look-back periods of six months from January 1st through June 30th and July 1st through December 31st of each calendar year. The 10% discount is recognized by the Company as compensation expense and does not have a material impact on net income or earnings per common share. Participants of the ESP Plan purchased 74,627 shares for $2.2 million in 2022, 63,586 shares for $2.3 million in 2021 and 79,297 shares for $2.2 million in 2020. At December 31, 2022 there were 85,646 shares available for purchase under the ESP Plan.

Supplemental Compensation Plan

The Company maintains Unit Plans to provide benefits for certain employees. The Unit Plans generally vest over a 10 year period and provide a fixed annual benefit over the subsequent 10 year period. The liability associated with these plans was $3.8 million at both December 31, 2022 and 2021. Expense associated with these plans for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020 was $471 thousand, $363 thousand and $488 thousand, respectively.

Supplemental Executive Retirement Plan

The Company maintains a SERP, a nonqualified deferred compensation plan that provides retirement benefits to certain highly compensated executives. The SERP is unsecured and unfunded and there are no program assets. The SERP projected benefit obligation, which represents the vested net present value of future payments to individuals under the plan is accrued over the estimated remaining term of employment of the participants and has been determined by actuarial valuation using a discount rate of 5.25% for 2022 and 2.84% for 2021. Additional assumptions and features of the plan are a normal retirement age of 65 and a 2% annual cost of living benefit adjustment. The projected benefit obligation is included in “Other liabilities” on the Consolidated Balance Sheets.

The following table reconciles the accumulated liability for the projected benefit obligation:


	December 31,
	2022		2021

	(in thousands)
Balance, beginning of year	$	32,094	$	27,402
Established through acquisitions	—		4,889
Actuarial loss (gain)	(5,850)		(732)

Benefit expense	1,854		1,735
Benefit payments	(1,567)		(1,200)
Balance, end of year	$	26,531	$	32,094

The benefits expected to be paid in conjunction with the SERP are presented in the following table:


	Years Ending December 31,
	(in thousands)
2023	$	1,856
2024	2,155
2025	2,348
2026	2,311
2027	2,294
2028 through 2032	9,553
Total	$	20,517

Commitments and Contingent Liabilities	12 Months Ended
Commitments and Contingent Liabilities	Dec. 31, 2022
Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure [Abstract]
Commitments and Contingent Liabilities [Text Block]	Commitments and Contingent Liabilities Financial Instruments with Off-Balance Sheet Risk - In the normal course of business, the Company makes loan commitments (typically unfunded loans and unused lines of credit) and issues standby letters of credit to accommodate the financial needs of its customers. Standby letters of credit commit the Company to make payments on behalf of customers under specified conditions. Historically, no significant losses have been incurred by the Company under standby letters of credit. Both arrangements have credit risk essentially the same as that involved in extending loans to customers and are subject to the Company’s normal credit policies, including collateral requirements, where appropriate. At December 31, 2022 and 2021, the Company’s loan commitments were $3.91 billion and $3.50 billion, respectively. Standby letters of credit were $33.2 million and $36.0 million at December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively. Legal Proceedings - The Company and its subsidiaries are from time to time defendants in and are threatened with various legal proceedings arising from their regular business activities. Management, after consulting with legal counsel, is of the opinion that the ultimate liability, if any, resulting from these pending or threatened actions and proceedings will not have a material effect on the financial statements of the Company.

Shareholders' Equity

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2022

Stockholders' Equity Note [Abstract]

Shareholders' Equity [Text Block]

Shareholders’ Equity

Dividends

The following summarizes the dividend activity for the year ended December 31, 2022:

Declared

Regular Cash Dividends Per Common Share

Record Date

Paid Date

January 19, 2022

$

0.30

February 2, 2022

February 16, 2022

April 21, 2022

$

0.30

May 4, 2022

May 18, 2022

July 21, 2022

$

0.30

August 3, 2022

August 17, 2022

October 5, 2022

$

0.30

October 17, 2022

October 28, 2022

Subsequent to year end, on January 24, 2023, the Company declared a regular quarterly cash dividend of $0.30 per common share payable on February 21, 2023, to shareholders of record at the close of business on February 6, 2023.

The payment of cash dividends is subject to federal regulatory requirements for capital levels and other restrictions. In addition, the cash dividends paid by Columbia Bank to the Company are subject to both federal and state regulatory requirements.

Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income [Abstract]

The entire disclosure for shareholders' equity comprised of portions attributable to the parent entity and noncontrolling interest, including other comprehensive income. Includes, but is not limited to, balances of common stock, preferred stock, additional paid-in capital, other capital and retained earnings, accumulated balance for each classification of other comprehensive income and amount of comprehensive income.

+ References

Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 505
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/topic&trid=2208762

Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 505
-SubTopic 10
-Section 50
-Paragraph 13
-Subparagraph (b)
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=126973232&loc=SL123496158-112644

Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 505
-SubTopic 10
-Section 50
-Paragraph 13
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=126973232&loc=SL123496158-112644

Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 505
-SubTopic 10
-Section 50
-Paragraph 14
-Subparagraph (c)
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=126973232&loc=SL123496171-112644

Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 505
-SubTopic 10
-Section 50
-Paragraph 14
-Subparagraph (b)
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=126973232&loc=SL123496171-112644

Reference 6: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 505
-SubTopic 10
-Section S99
-Paragraph 1
-Subparagraph (SX 210.3-04)
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=120397183&loc=d3e187085-122770

Reference 7: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 505
-SubTopic 10
-Section 50
-Paragraph 18
-Subparagraph (d)
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=126973232&loc=SL123496189-112644

Reference 8: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 505
-SubTopic 10
-Section 50
-Paragraph 13
-Subparagraph (g)
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=126973232&loc=SL123496158-112644

Reference 9: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 505
-SubTopic 10
-Section 50
-Paragraph 18
-Subparagraph (a)
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=126973232&loc=SL123496189-112644

Reference 10: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 505
-SubTopic 10
-Section 50
-Paragraph 13
-Subparagraph (h)
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=126973232&loc=SL123496158-112644

Reference 11: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 505
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-Section 50
-Paragraph 14
-Subparagraph (a)
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Reference 12: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 505
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-Paragraph 18
-Subparagraph (b)
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Reference 13: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
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-Paragraph 16
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Reference 14: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
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-Publisher FASB
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+ Details

Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2022

Comprehensive Income (Loss) Note [Text Block]

Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss

The following table shows changes in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) by component for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020:


	Unrealized Gains and Losses on Available for Sale Securities (1)		Unrealized Gains and Losses on Pension Plan Liability (1)		Unrealized Gains and Losses on Hedging Instruments (1)		Total (1)

Year Ended December 31, 2022	(in thousands)
Beginning balance	$	23,134	$	(4,812)	$	16,840	$	35,162

Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications	(536,262)		4,533		—		(531,729)
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income (2)	(6,067)		402		(8,263)		(13,928)
Net current-period other comprehensive income (loss)	(542,329)		4,935		(8,263)		(545,657)
Ending balance	$	(519,195)	$	123	$	8,577	$	(510,495)
Year Ended December 31, 2021
Beginning balance	$	163,174	$	(5,833)	$	24,854	$	182,195
Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications	(137,482)		562		—		(136,920)
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income (2)	(2,558)		459		(8,014)		(10,113)
Net current-period other comprehensive income (loss)	(140,040)		1,021		(8,014)		(147,033)
Ending balance	$	23,134	$	(4,812)	$	16,840	$	35,162
Year Ended December 31, 2020
Beginning balance	$	33,038	$	(3,974)	$	11,303	$	40,367
Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications	130,355		(2,177)		20,012		148,190
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income (2)	(219)		318		(6,461)		(6,362)
Net current-period other comprehensive income (loss)	130,136		(1,859)		13,551		141,828
Ending balance	$	163,174	$	(5,833)	$	24,854	$	182,195

__________

(1) All amounts are net of tax. Amounts in parentheses indicate debits.

(2) See following table for details about these reclassifications.

The following table shows details regarding the reclassifications from accumulated other comprehensive income for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020:


	Amount Reclassified from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income						Affected line Item in the Consolidated Statement of Income
	Years Ended December 31,
	2022		2021		2020

	(in thousands)
Unrealized gains (losses) on available for sale debt securities	$	(9)	$	315	$	285	Investment securities gains (losses), net
Amortization of unrealized gains related to securities transfer	7,814		3,018		—		Taxable securities
	7,805		3,333		285		Total before tax
	(1,738)		(775)		(66)		Income tax provision
	$	6,067	$	2,558	$	219	Net of tax

Amortization of pension plan liability actuarial losses	$	(524)	$	(598)	$	(414)	Compensation and employee benefits
	(524)		(598)		(414)		Total before tax
	122		139		96		Income tax provision
	$	(402)	$	(459)	$	(318)	Net of tax

Unrealized gains from hedging instruments	$	10,441	$	10,441	$	8,418	Loans
	10,441		10,441		8,418		Total before tax
	(2,178)		(2,427)		(1,957)		Income tax provision
	$	8,263	$	8,014	$	6,461	Net of tax

Fair Value Accounting and Measurement

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2022

Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract]

Fair Value Accounting and Measurement [Text Block]

Fair Value Accounting and Measurement

The Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures topic of the FASB ASC defines fair value, establishes a consistent framework for measuring fair value and expands disclosure requirements about fair value. We hold fixed and variable rate interest-bearing securities, investments in marketable equity securities and certain other financial instruments, which are carried at fair value. Fair value is determined based upon quoted prices when available or through the use of alternative approaches, such as matrix or model pricing, when market quotes are not readily accessible or available.

The valuation techniques are based upon observable and unobservable inputs. Observable inputs reflect market data obtained from independent sources, while unobservable inputs reflect our own market assumptions. These two types of inputs create the following fair value hierarchy:

Level 1 – Quoted prices for identical instruments in active markets that are accessible at the measurement date.

Level 2 – Quoted prices for similar instruments in active markets; quoted prices for identical or similar instruments in markets that are not active; and model derived valuations whose inputs are observable or whose significant value drivers are observable.

Level 3 – Prices or valuation techniques that require inputs that are both significant to the fair value measurement and unobservable.

Fair values are determined as follows:

Debt securities at fair value are priced using a combination of market activity, industry recognized information sources, yield curves, discounted cash flow models and other factors. These fair value calculations are considered a Level 2 input method under the provisions of the Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures topic of the FASB ASC for all debt securities.

Loans held for sale include the fair value of residential mortgage loans originated as held for sale determined based on quoted secondary market prices for similar loans, including the implicit fair value of embedded servicing rights. The change in fair value of loans held for sale is primarily driven by changes in interest rates subsequent to loan funding and changes in the fair value of the related servicing asset, resulting in revaluation adjustments to the recorded fair value.

The fair value of the interest rate lock commitments and interest rate forward loan sales contracts are estimated using quoted or published market prices for similar instruments, adjusted for factors such as pull-through rate assumptions based on historical information, where appropriate. The pull-through rate assumptions are considered Level 3 valuation inputs and are significant to the interest rate lock commitment valuation; as such, the interest rate lock commitment derivatives are classified as Level 3.

Interest rate swap contracts and the interest rate collar are valued in models, which use as their basis, readily observable market parameters and are classified within Level 2 of the valuation hierarchy.

The following table sets forth the Company’s financial assets and liabilities that were accounted for at fair value on a recurring basis at December 31, 2022 and 2021 by level within the fair value hierarchy. Financial assets and liabilities are classified in their entirety based on the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement:


	Fair Value at December 31, 2022		Fair Value Measurements at Reporting Date Using
			Level 1		Level 2		Level 3

	(in thousands)
Assets
Debt securities available for sale:
U.S. government agency and government-sponsored enterprise mortgage-backed securities and collateralized mortgage obligations	$	2,759,710	$	—	$	2,759,710	$	—
Other asset-backed securities	327,353		—		327,353		—
State and municipal securities	834,073		—		834,073		—
U.S. government agency and government-sponsored enterprise securities	208,769		—		208,769		—
U.S. government securities	167,896		167,896		—		—
Non-agency collateralized mortgage obligations	291,298		—		291,298		—
Total debt securities available for sale	$	4,589,099	$	167,896	$	4,421,203	$	—
Loans held for sale	$	907	$	—	$	907	$	—
Other assets:

Interest rate swap contracts	$	40,289	$	—	$	40,289	$	—

Liabilities
Other liabilities:

Interest rate swap contracts	$	40,289	$	—	$	40,289	$	—


	Fair Value at December 31, 2021		Fair Value Measurements at Reporting Date Using
			Level 1		Level 2		Level 3

	(in thousands)
Assets
Debt securities available for sale:
U.S. government agency and government-sponsored enterprise mortgage-backed securities and collateralized mortgage obligations	$	3,745,601	$	—	$	3,745,601	$	—
Other asset-backed securities	463,063		—		463,063		—
State and municipal securities	997,291		—		997,291		—
U.S. government agency and government-sponsored enterprise securities	252,576		—		252,576		—
U.S. government securities	157,536		157,536		—		—
Non-agency collateralized mortgage obligations	294,932		—		294,932		—
Total debt securities available for sale	$	5,910,999	$	157,536	$	5,753,463	$	—
Loans held for sale	$	9,570	$	—	$	9,570	$	—
Other assets:
Interest rate lock commitments	$	356	$	—	$	—	$	356
Interest rate swap contracts	$	24,257	$	—	$	24,257	$	—

Liabilities
Other liabilities:
Interest rate forward loan sales contracts	$	27	$	—	$	27	$	—
Interest rate swap contracts	$	24,257	$	—	$	24,257	$	—

Assets and Liabilities Measured at Fair Value Using Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)

The following table provides a description of the valuation technique, significant unobservable inputs, and qualitative information about the unobservable inputs for the Company’s assets and liabilities classified as Level 3 and measured at fair value on a recurring basis at December 31, 2021. The Company did not have recurring Level 3 fair value measurements at December 31, 2022.

Fair Value at December 31, 2021

Valuation Technique

Unobservable Input

Range (Weighted Average)

(dollars in thousands)

Interest rate lock commitments

$

356

Internal pricing model

Pull-through rate

80.22% - 96.59%

(87.84%)

An increase in the pull-through rate utilized in the fair value measurement of the interest rate lock commitment derivative will result in positive fair value adjustments (and an increase in the fair value measurement). Conversely, a decrease in the pull-through rate will result in a negative fair value adjustment (and a decrease in the fair value measurement).

The following table includes a rollforward of interest rate lock commitments which utilize Level 3 inputs to determine the fair value on a recurring basis.


	Years Ended December 31,
	2022		2021

	(in thousands)
Balance at the beginning of the period	$	356	$	1,096
Change included in earnings	215		7,051
Settlements	(571)		(7,791)
Balance at the end of the period	$	—	$	356

Nonrecurring Measurements

Certain assets and liabilities are measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis after initial recognition such as collateral dependent loans. The following valuation techniques and inputs were used to estimate the fair value of collateral dependent loans.

Collateral dependent loans - A collateral dependent loan is a loan in which repayment is expected to be provided solely by the underlying collateral. The fair market value of the collateral is determined by either the discounted expected future cash flows from the operation of the collateral or the appraised value of the collateral, less costs to sell. The collateral dependent loan valuations are performed in conjunction with the allowance for credit losses process on a quarterly basis.

OREO - OREO is real property that the Bank has taken ownership of in partial or full satisfaction of a loan or loans. OREO is generally measured based on the property’s fair market value as indicated by an appraisal or a letter of intent to purchase. OREO is initially recorded at the fair value less estimated costs to sell. This amount becomes the property’s new basis. Any fair value adjustments based on the property’s fair value less estimated costs to sell at the date of acquisition are charged to the allowance for credit losses, or in the event of a write-up without previous losses charged to the allowance for credit losses, a credit to earnings is recorded. Management periodically reviews OREO in an effort to ensure the property is recorded at its fair value, net of estimated costs to sell. Any fair value adjustments subsequent to acquisition are charged or credited to earnings.

The following table sets forth the Company’s assets that were measured using fair value estimates on a nonrecurring basis during the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021:


	Fair Value at December 31, 2022		Fair Value Measurements at Reporting Date Using						Gains (Losses) During the Year Ended December 31, 2022
			Level 1		Level 2		Level 3

	(in thousands)
Collateral dependent loans	$	195	$	—	$	—	$	195	$	(1,561)


	Fair Value at December 31, 2021		Fair Value Measurements at Reporting Date Using						Gains (Losses) During the Year Ended December 31, 2021
			Level 1		Level 2		Level 3

	(in thousands)
Collateral dependent loans	$	7,615	$	—	$	—	$	7,615	$	(1,976)
OREO	375		—		—		375		(140)

The losses on collateral dependent loans disclosed above represent the amount of the allowance for credit losses and/or charge-offs during the period applicable to loans held at period end. The amount of the allowance is included in the ACL. The losses on OREO disclosed above represent the write-downs taken after foreclosure as a result of subsequent changes in valuation from updated appraisals that were recorded to earnings.

Quantitative information about Level 3 fair value measurements

The range and weighted average of the significant unobservable inputs used to fair value our Level 3 nonrecurring assets during 2022 and 2021, along with the valuation techniques used, are shown in the following tables:

Fair Value at December 31, 2022

Valuation Technique

Unobservable Input

Range (Weighted Average)

(dollars in thousands)

Collateral dependent loans (1)

$

195

Fair Market Value of Collateral

Adjustment to Stated Value

N/A (2)

__________

(1) Collateral consists of real estate.

(2) Quantitative disclosures are not provided for collateral dependent loans because there were no adjustments made to the appraisal values or stated values during the period.

Fair Value at December 31, 2021

Valuation Technique

Unobservable Input

Range (Weighted Average) (1)

(dollars in thousands)

Collateral dependent loans (2)

$

7,615

Fair Market Value of Collateral

Adjustment to Stated Value

0.00% - 100.00%

(48.00%)

OREO

$

375

Fair Market Value of Collateral

Adjustment to Appraisal Value

N/A (3)

__________

(1) Adjustment applied to appraisal value and stated value (in the case of fixed assets, accounts receivable and inventory).

(2) Collateral consists of accounts receivable, inventory, fixed assets, intangible assets and real estate.

(3) Quantitative disclosures are not provided for OREO because there were no adjustments made to the appraisal values or stated values during the period.

The following tables summarize carrying amounts and estimated fair values of selected financial instruments for the periods indicated:


	December 31, 2022
	Carrying Amount		Fair Value		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3

	(in thousands)
Assets
Cash and due from banks	$	262,458	$	262,458	$	262,458	$	—	$	—
Interest-earning deposits with banks	29,283		29,283		29,283		—		—
Debt securities available for sale	4,589,099		4,589,099		167,896		4,421,203		—
Debt securities held to maturity	2,034,792		1,722,778		—		1,722,778		—
FHLB stock	48,160		48,160		—		48,160		—
Loans held for sale	76,843		76,843		—		76,843		—
Loans	11,452,535		11,072,802		—		—		11,072,802
Interest rate contracts	40,289		40,289		—		40,289		—



Liabilities
Time deposits	$	362,087	$	351,084	$	—	$	351,084	$	—
FHLB advances and FRB borrowings	954,315		954,147		—		954,147		—
Repurchase agreements	95,168		95,168		—		95,168		—
Subordinated debentures	10,000		10,013		—		10,013		—
Junior subordinated debentures	10,310		9,919		—		9,919		—
Interest rate contracts	40,289		40,289		—		40,289		—


	December 31, 2021
	Carrying Amount		Fair Value		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3

	(in thousands)
Assets
Cash and due from banks	$	153,414	$	153,414	$	153,414	$	—	$	—
Interest-earning deposits with banks	671,300		671,300		671,300		—		—
Debt securities available for sale	5,910,999		5,910,999		157,536		5,753,463		—
Debt securities held to maturity	2,148,327		2,122,606		—		2,122,606		—
FHLB stock	10,280		10,280		—		10,280		—
Loans held for sale	9,774		9,774		—		9,774		—
Loans	10,486,359		10,679,349		—		—		10,679,349
Interest rate contracts	24,257		24,257		—		24,257		—

Interest rate lock commitments	356		356		—		—		356
Liabilities
Time deposits	$	445,957	$	430,682	$	—	$	430,682	$	—
FHLB advances and FRB borrowings	7,359		8,752		—		8,752		—
Repurchase agreements	86,013		86,013		—		86,013		—
Subordinated debentures	10,000		10,125		—		10,125		—
Junior subordinated debentures	10,310		9,927		—		9,927		—
Interest rate contracts	24,257		24,257		—		24,257		—
Interest rate forward loan sales contracts	27		27		—		27		—

At December 31, 2022 the Company did not have any loans held for sale sold under the mandatory delivery method accounted for under the fair value option while at December 31, 2021 the Company had this type of loans held for sale with a fair value of $9.6 million and an aggregate unpaid principle balance of $9.4 million, resulting in an aggregate difference of $169 thousand.

Residential mortgage loans held for sale that are sold under the mandatory delivery method and accounted for under the fair value option are measured initially at fair value with subsequent changes in fair value recognized in earnings. Gains and losses from such changes in fair value are reported in loan revenue. For the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, the Company recorded net decreases in fair value of $169 thousand and $339 thousand, respectively, representing the change in fair value reflected in earnings. For the year ended December 31, 2020, the Company recorded a net increase of $508 thousand, representing the change in fair value reflected in earnings.

Earnings Per Common Share [Text Block]

The entire disclosure for the fair value of financial instruments (as defined), including financial assets and financial liabilities (collectively, as defined), and the measurements of those instruments as well as disclosures related to the fair value of non-financial assets and liabilities. Such disclosures about the financial instruments, assets, and liabilities would include: (1) the fair value of the required items together with their carrying amounts (as appropriate); (2) for items for which it is not practicable to estimate fair value, disclosure would include: (a) information pertinent to estimating fair value (including, carrying amount, effective interest rate, and maturity, and (b) the reasons why it is not practicable to estimate fair value; (3) significant concentrations of credit risk including: (a) information about the activity, region, or economic characteristics identifying a concentration, (b) the maximum amount of loss the entity is exposed to based on the gross fair value of the related item, (c) policy for requiring collateral or other security and information as to accessing such collateral or security, and (d) the nature and brief description of such collateral or security; (4) quantitative information about market risks and how such risks are managed; (5) for items measured on both a recurring and nonrecurring basis information regarding the inputs used to develop the fair value measurement; and (6) for items presented in the financial statement for which fair value measurement is elected: (a) information necessary to understand the reasons for the election, (b) discussion of the effect of fair value changes on earnings, (c) a description of [similar groups] items for which the election is made and the relation thereof to the balance sheet, the aggregate carrying value of items included in the balance sheet that are not eligible for the election; (7) all other required (as defined) and desired information.

+ References + Details

Earnings Per Common Share

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2022

Earnings Per Share [Abstract]

Earnings Per Common Share

The Company applies the two-class method of computing basic and diluted EPS. Under the two-class method, EPS is determined for each class of common stock and participating security according to dividends declared and participation rights in undistributed earnings. The Company has issued restricted shares under share-based compensation plans which qualify as participating securities.

The following table sets forth the computation of basic and diluted EPS for the periods indicated:


	Years Ended December 31,
	2022		2021		2020

	(in thousands except per share amounts)
Basic EPS:
Net income	$	250,178	$	202,820	$	154,244
Less: Earnings allocated to participating securities

Nonvested restricted shares	50		330		712
Earnings allocated to common shareholders	$	250,128	$	202,490	$	153,532
Weighted average common shares outstanding	78,047		72,683		70,835
Basic earnings per common share	$	3.20	$	2.79	$	2.17
Diluted EPS:
Earnings allocated to common shareholders	$	250,128	$	202,490	$	153,532
Weighted average common shares outstanding	78,047		72,683		70,835
Dilutive effect of equity awards and warrants	146		190		45
Weighted average diluted common shares outstanding	78,193		72,873		70,880
Diluted earnings per common share	$	3.20	$	2.78	$	2.17
Potentially dilutive RSAs and RSUs that were not included in the computation of diluted EPS because to do so would be anti-dilutive	179		212		289

Share-Based Payments

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2022

Share-Based Payment Arrangement [Abstract]

Share-Based Payments [Text Block]

Share-Based Payments

At December 31, 2022, the Company had one equity compensation plan (the “Plan”), which is shareholder approved, that provides for the granting of share options, share units and shares to eligible employees and directors up to 3,050,000 shares.

Share Units: Restricted share units provide for an interest in Company common stock to the recipient, with such units held in escrow until certain conditions are met. Share units provide for vesting requirements that include time-based, performance-based, or market-based conditions. Recipients of restricted units do not pay any cash consideration to the Company for the units and the holders of the restricted units do not have voting rights. For share units issued under the equity incentive plan approved in 2018, the holder accrues dividends, which are paid out when the units vest and the shares are issued. The fair value of time-based and performance-based units is equal to the fair market value of the Company’s common stock on the grant date. The fair value of market-based units is estimated on the grant date using the Monte Carlo simulation model.

A summary of changes in the Company’s nonvested RSUs and related information for the year ended December 31, 2022 is presented below:


	Units	Weighted Average Grant-Date Fair Value




Nonvested at December 31, 2020	111,901	$	32.85
Granted	86,713	$	47.11
Vested	(12,994)	$	33.48
Forfeited	(3,050)	$	33.71
Nonvested at December 31, 2021	182,570	$	40.05
Granted	136,928	$	35.80
Vested	(22,566)	$	39.04

Nonvested at December 31, 2022	296,932	$	38.16

Share Awards: Restricted share awards provide for the immediate issuance of shares of Company common stock to the recipient, with such shares held in escrow until certain conditions are met. Share awards provide for vesting requirements that include time-based, performance-based, or market-based conditions. Recipients of restricted shares do not pay any cash consideration to the Company for the shares and the holders of the restricted shares have voting rights. For share awards issued under the equity incentive plan approved in 2018, the holder accrues dividends, which are paid out when the shares vest. The fair value of time-based and performance-based share awards is equal to the fair market value of the Company’s common stock on the grant date. The fair value of market-based share awards is estimated on the grant date using the Monte Carlo simulation model.

A summary of changes in the Company’s nonvested RSAs and related information for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020 is presented below:


	Shares	Weighted Average Grant-Date Fair Value
Nonvested at January 1, 2020	889,017	$	36.96
Granted	299,007	$	33.64
Vested	(231,805)	$	35.01
Forfeited	(90,588)	$	36.50
Nonvested at December 31, 2020	865,631	$	36.38
Granted	257,298	$	44.83
Vested	(324,222)	$	37.57
Forfeited	(75,696)	$	36.76
Nonvested at December 31, 2021	723,011	$	38.57
Granted	262,571	$	35.32
Vested	(335,115)	$	38.58
Forfeited	(109,104)	$	33.39
Nonvested at December 31, 2022	541,363	$	37.89

As of December 31, 2022, there was $14.5 million of total unrecognized compensation cost related to nonvested share-based compensation arrangements granted under the Plan. That cost is expected to be recognized over a weighted average period of 1.7 years. The total fair value, as measured on the date of vesting, of shares vested during the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021, and 2020 was $13.8 million, $12.6 million, and $8.1 million, respectively.

The Company expenses awards of shares on a straight-line basis over the related vesting term of the award. For the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020, the Company recognized pre-tax share-based compensation expense of $16.2 million, $14.9 million and $10.7 million, respectively.

Income Tax

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2022

Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]

Income Tax [Text Block]

Income Tax

The components of income tax expense are as follows:


	Years Ended December 31,
	2022		2021		2020

	(in thousands)
Current expense:
Federal	$	60,771	$	50,708	$	44,094
State	12,811		9,610		7,822
Total current tax expense	$	73,582	$	60,318	$	51,916
Deferred tax expense (benefit):
Federal	$	(5,156)	$	(5,445)	$	(12,078)
State	(957)		(1,184)		(1,690)
Total deferred tax benefit	(6,113)		(6,629)		(13,768)
Total	$	67,469	$	53,689	$	38,148

Significant components of the Company’s deferred tax assets and liabilities are as follows:


	December 31,
	2022		2021

	(in thousands)
Deferred tax assets:
ACL	$	40,054	$	39,378
Lease liability	14,088		15,973
Deferred compensation	13,619		14,887
Stock options and restricted stock	3,751		3,186
OREO	—		50
Nonaccrual interest	120		118

Unrealized loss on investment securities	164,697		—
Net operating losses and credit carryforwards	2,404		2,898

Other	3,134		1,824
Total deferred tax assets	241,867		78,314
Deferred tax liabilities:
Asset purchase tax basis difference	(4,083)		(5,052)
Right of use asset	(12,792)		(14,510)
FHLB stock dividends	(810)		(810)
Deferred loan fees	(6,205)		(5,957)
Unrealized gain on investment securities	—		(7,254)
Unrealized gain on equity securities	(3,231)		(3,231)
Purchase accounting	(11,106)		(14,211)
Depreciation	(3,112)		(3,304)
Cash flow hedge	(2,767)		(5,280)
Other	(144)		(130)
Total deferred tax liabilities	(44,250)		(59,739)
Net deferred tax asset	$	197,617	$	18,575

A reconciliation of the Company’s effective income tax rate with the federal statutory tax rate is as follows:


	Years Ended December 31,
	2022				2021				2020
	Amount		Percent		Amount		Percent		Amount		Percent

	(dollars in thousands)
Income tax based on statutory rate	$	66,706	21	%	$	53,867	21	%	$	40,402	21	%
Increase (decrease) resulting from:

Tax exempt instruments	(6,864)		(2)	%	(6,306)		(2)	%	(5,987)		(3)	%
Bank owned life insurance	(1,806)		(1)	%	(1,444)		(1)	%	(1,348)		(1)	%


State income tax, net of federal benefit	9,364		3	%	7,892		3	%	4,844		3	%
Other, net	69		—	%	(320)		—	%	237		—	%
Income tax provision	$	67,469	21	%	$	53,689	21	%	$	38,148	20	%

As of December 31, 2022 and 2021, we had no unrecognized tax benefits. Our policy is to recognize interest and penalties on unrecognized tax benefits in “Provision for income taxes” in the Consolidated Statements of Income. There were no amounts related to interest and penalties recognized for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021. As a result of recent acquisitions, the Company has net operating loss carryforwards in the federal, Idaho and Oregon jurisdictions of $9.9 million, $5.4 million and $25 thousand, respectively, which begin to expire in 2024.

The Company invests in limited partnerships that operate qualified affordable housing projects to receive tax benefits in the form of tax deductions from operating losses and tax credits. The Company accounts for the investments using the proportional amortization method; amortization of the investment in qualified affordable housing projects is recorded in the provision for income taxes together with tax credits and benefits received. As of December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020, the Company recognized $1.8 million, $916 thousand, and $622 thousand, respectively, of proportional amortization as a component of income tax expense and recognized $2.0 million, $1.2 million, and $738 thousand, respectively, in affordable housing tax credits and other tax benefits during the years. The Company’s low-income housing tax credit investments at December 31, 2022 and 2021 were approximately $47.2 million and $24.0 million, respectively, and are included in “Other Assets” on the Consolidated Balance Sheets. The Company’s remaining capital commitments to these partnerships at December 31, 2022 and 2021 were approximately $41.3 million and $19.2 million, respectively, and are included in “Other Liabilities” on the Consolidated Balance Sheets.

On March 27, 2020, the CARES Act was enacted in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. The CARES Act, among other things, permits NOL carryovers and carrybacks to offset 100% of taxable income for taxable years beginning before 2021. In addition, the CARES Act allows NOLs incurred in 2018, 2019, and 2020 to be carried back to each of the five preceding taxable years to generate a refund of previously paid income taxes. The Company has evaluated the impact of the CARES Act and determined that none of the changes would result in a material income tax benefit to the Company.

On December 27, 2020, the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2021 was signed into law and extends several provisions of the CARES Act. The Company has determined that neither this Act nor changes to income tax laws or regulations in other jurisdictions have a significant impact on our effective tax rate.

Broker-Dealer, Net Capital Requirement, SEC Regulation [Abstract]

The entire disclosure for income taxes. Disclosures may include net deferred tax liability or asset recognized in an enterprise's statement of financial position, net change during the year in the total valuation allowance, approximate tax effect of each type of temporary difference and carryforward that gives rise to a significant portion of deferred tax liabilities and deferred tax assets, utilization of a tax carryback, and tax uncertainties information.

+ References

Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
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+ Details

Regulatory Capital Requirements

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2022

Regulatory Capital Requirements [Text Block]

Regulatory Capital RequirementsThe Company (on a consolidated basis) and its banking subsidiary are subject to various regulatory capital requirements administered by the federal banking agencies. Failure to meet minimum capital requirements can initiate certain mandatory and possibly additional discretionary actions by regulators that, if undertaken, could have a direct material effect on the Company and its banking subsidiary’s financial statements. Under capital adequacy guidelines and the regulatory framework for prompt corrective action, the Company and its banking subsidiary must meet specific capital guidelines that involve quantitative measures of assets, liabilities, and certain off-balance sheet items as calculated under regulatory accounting practices. The capital amounts and classification are also subject to qualitative judgments by the regulators about components, risk weightings, and other factors. Prompt corrective action provisions are not applicable to bank holding companies.

The capital requirements, among other things (i) specify that Tier 1 capital consists of CET1, and “Additional Tier 1 capital” instruments meeting specified requirements, (ii) define CET1 narrowly by requiring that most deductions/adjustments to regulatory capital measures be made to CET1 and not to the other components of capital and (iii) expand the scope of the deductions/adjustments to capital as compared to existing regulations. Under the requirements that are now effective, the minimum capital ratios are (i) 4.5% CET1 to risk-weighted assets, (ii) 6% Tier 1 capital to risk-weighted assets, (iii) 8% total capital to risk-weighted assets and (iv) 4% Tier 1 capital to average total assets (Tier 1 leverage). The Company and the Bank have made the one-time election to opt-out of including accumulated other comprehensive income items in regulatory capital calculations.

The Capital Rules also require a capital conservation buffer designed to absorb losses during periods of economic stress. The capital conservation buffer is composed entirely of CET1, on top of these minimum risk-weighted asset ratios. In addition, the Capital Rules provide for a countercyclical capital buffer applicable only to certain covered institutions. We do not expect the countercyclical capital buffer to be applicable to us or the Bank. Banking institutions with a ratio of CET1 to risk-weighted assets above the minimum but below the capital conservation buffer (or below the combined capital conservation buffer and countercyclical capital buffer, when the latter is applied) will face constraints on dividends, equity repurchases and compensation based on the amount of the shortfall.

The capital conservation buffer is set at 2.5% of CET1, effectively resulting in minimum ratios of (i) 7% CET1 to risk-weighted assets, (ii) 8.5% Tier 1 capital to risk-weighted assets, and (iii) 10.5% total capital to risk-weighted assets. At December 31, 2022, the capital conservation buffer for the Company and the Bank was 5.98% and 5.97%, respectively. As of December 31, 2022, we and the Bank met all capital adequacy requirements under the Capital Rules.

FDIC regulations set forth the qualifications necessary for a bank to be classified as “well-capitalized,” primarily for assignment of FDIC insurance premium rates. To qualify as “well-capitalized,” banks must have a CET1 risk-adjusted capital ratio of 6.5%, a Tier I risk-adjusted capital ratio of at least 8%, a total risk-adjusted capital ratio of at least 10% and a leverage ratio of at least 5%. Failure to qualify as “well-capitalized” can negatively impact a bank’s ability to expand and to engage in certain activities.

As of December 31, 2022, the most recent notification from the FDIC categorized Columbia Bank as well-capitalized under the regulatory framework for prompt corrective action. To be categorized as well- capitalized, an institution must maintain minimum CET1 risk-based, Tier 1 risk-based, total risk-based and Tier 1 leverage ratios as set forth in the following table. There are no conditions or events since the notification that management believes have changed Columbia Bank’s category.

The Company and its banking subsidiary’s actual capital amounts and ratios as of December 31, 2022 and 2021 are presented in the following table:


	Actual				Minimum Required For Capital Adequacy Purposes				Minimum Required Plus Capital Conservation Buffer				To Be Well Capitalized Under Prompt Corrective Action Provision
	Amount		Ratio		Amount		Ratio		Amount		Ratio		Amount		Ratio

	(dollars in thousands)
December 31, 2022
CET1 Capital (to risk-weighted assets):
The Company	$	1,885,860	12.87	%	$	659,248	4.50	%	$	1,025,498	7.00	%	N/A		N/A
Columbia Bank	$	1,892,755	12.93	%	$	658,773	4.50	%	$	1,024,758	7.00	%	$	951,561	6.50	%
Tier 1 Capital (to risk-weighted assets):
The Company	$	1,885,860	12.87	%	$	878,998	6.00	%	$	1,245,247	8.50	%	N/A		N/A
Columbia Bank	$	1,892,755	12.93	%	$	878,364	6.00	%	$	1,244,349	8.50	%	$	1,171,152	8.00	%
Total Capital (to risk-weighted assets):
The Company	$	2,048,700	13.98	%	$	1,171,997	8.00	%	$	1,538,246	10.50	%	N/A		N/A
Columbia Bank	$	2,045,595	13.97	%	$	1,171,152	8.00	%	$	1,537,137	10.50	%	$	1,463,940	10.00	%
Tier 1 Capital Leverage (to average assets):
The Company	$	1,885,860	9.34	%	$	807,791	4.00	%	$	807,791	4.00	%	N/A		N/A
Columbia Bank	$	1,892,755	9.47	%	$	799,485	4.00	%	$	799,485	4.00	%	$	999,356	5.00	%
December 31, 2021
CET1 Capital (to risk-weighted assets):
The Company	$	1,710,981	13.01	%	$	591,585	4.50	%	$	920,244	7.00	%	N/A		N/A
Columbia Bank	$	1,716,186	13.06	%	$	591,154	4.50	%	$	919,754	7.00	%	$	853,890	6.50	%
Tier 1 Capital (to risk-weighted assets):
The Company	$	1,710,981	13.01	%	$	788,780	6.00	%	$	1,117,439	8.50	%	N/A		N/A
Columbia Bank	$	1,716,186	13.06	%	$	788,206	6.00	%	$	1,116,625	8.50	%	$	1,050,941	8.00	%
Total Capital (to risk-weighted assets):
The Company	$	1,868,192	14.21	%	$	1,051,707	8.00	%	$	1,380,366	10.50	%	N/A		N/A
Columbia Bank	$	1,863,397	14.18	%	$	1,050,941	8.00	%	$	1,379,360	10.50	%	$	1,313,677	10.00	%
Tier 1 Capital Leverage (to average assets):
The Company	$	1,710,981	8.55	%	$	800,615	4.00	%	$	800,615	4.00	%	N/A		N/A
Columbia Bank	$	1,716,186	8.60	%	$	798,206	4.00	%	$	798,206	4.00	%	$	997,757	5.00	%

Condensed Financial Information Disclosure [Abstract]

The entire disclosure for regulatory capital requirement for depository and lending institutions. Institutions include, but not are not limited to, finance company, insured depository institution, bank holding company, savings and loan association holding company, bank and savings institution not federally insured, mortgage company, foreign financial institution and credit union.

+ References + Details

Parent Company Financial Information

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2022

Parent Company Financial Information [Text Block]

Parent Company Financial Information

Condensed Balance Sheets—Parent Company Only


	December 31,
	2022		2021

	(in thousands)
Assets
Cash	$	8,514	$	1,979
Interest-earning deposits	—		3,786
Total cash and cash equivalents	8,514		5,765
Investment in banking subsidiary	2,215,486		2,589,218
Investment in other subsidiaries	7,942		7,175
Goodwill	4,729		4,729
Other assets	3,169		2,525
Total assets	$	2,239,840	$	2,609,412
Liabilities and Shareholders’ Equity
Subordinated debentures	$	10,000	$	10,000
Junior subordinated debentures	10,310		10,310
Other liabilities	6,377		360
Total liabilities	26,687		20,670
Shareholders’ equity	2,213,153		2,588,742
Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity	$	2,239,840	$	2,609,412

Condensed Statements of Income—Parent Company Only


	Years Ended December 31,
	2022		2021		2020

	(in thousands)
Income
Dividend from banking subsidiary	$	85,004	$	108,000	$	89,000
Dividend from other subsidiaries	711		500		—
Interest-earning deposits	15		16		13
Other income	60		36		37
Total income	85,790		108,552		89,050
Expense
Compensation and employee benefits	823		856		758
Subordinated debentures interest expense	807		1,932		1,871
Other borrowings interest expense	339		52		12
Other expense	8,524		3,542		1,943
Total expenses	10,493		6,382		4,584
Income before income tax benefit and equity in undistributed earnings of subsidiaries	75,297		102,170		84,466
Income tax benefit	(2,188)		(1,329)		(952)
Income before equity in undistributed earnings of subsidiaries	77,485		103,499		85,418
Equity in undistributed earnings of subsidiaries	172,693		99,321		68,826
Net income	$	250,178	$	202,820	$	154,244

Condensed Statements of Cash Flows—Parent Company Only


	Years Ended December 31,
	2022		2021		2020

	(in thousands)
Operating Activities
Net income	$	250,178	$	202,820	$	154,244
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:
Equity in undistributed earnings of subsidiaries	(172,693)		(99,321)		(68,826)
Stock-based compensation expense	16,158		14,926		10,737
Net changes in other assets and liabilities	5,379		(1,436)		(17)
Net cash provided by operating activities	99,022		116,989		96,138
Investing Activities
Net cash received in business combinations	—		2,173		—
Net cash provided by investing activities	—		2,173		—
Financing Activities

Common stock dividends	(94,394)		(83,841)		(96,215)
Repayment of subordinated debentures	—		(35,000)		—


Purchase and retirement of common stock	(3,989)		(4,140)		(2,522)
Purchase of treasury shares	—		—		(20,000)
Proceeds from exercise of stock options	2,110		2,350		2,028

Net cash used in financing activities	(96,273)		(120,631)		(116,709)
Increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents	2,749		(1,469)		(20,571)
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of year	5,765		7,234		27,805
Cash and cash equivalents at end of year	$	8,514	$	5,765	$	7,234

Supplemental disclosure of noncash investing and financing activities:
Common stock issued in connection with acquisition	$	—	$	256,061	$	—

Revenue from Contracts with Customers

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2022

Revenue from Contract with Customer [Abstract]

Revenue from Contract with Customer [Text Block]

Revenue from Contracts with Customers

The following table shows the disaggregation of revenue from contracts with customers for the period indicated:


	Years Ended December 31,
	2022		2021		2020

	(in thousands)
Noninterest income:
Revenue from contracts with customers:
Deposit account and treasury management fees	$	31,498	$	27,107	$	27,019
Card revenue	20,186		18,503		13,928
Financial services and trust revenue	17,659		15,753		12,830
Total revenue from contracts with customers	69,343		61,363		53,777
Other sources of noninterest income	29,801		32,731		50,723
Total noninterest income	$	99,144	$	94,094	$	104,500

Cash and cash equivalents

The entire disclosure of revenue from contract with customer to transfer good or service and to transfer nonfinancial asset. Includes, but is not limited to, disaggregation of revenue, credit loss recognized from contract with customer, judgment and change in judgment related to contract with customer, and asset recognized from cost incurred to obtain or fulfill contract with customer. Excludes insurance and lease contracts.

+ References

Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
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+ Details

Subsequent Events	12 Months Ended
Subsequent Events	Dec. 31, 2022
Subsequent Events [Abstract]
Subsequent Events	Subsequent Events On January 9, 2023, we announced that Columbia, Umpqua, and Cascade Merger Sub, Inc. (“Merger Sub”) entered into Amendment No. 1 (the “Amendment) to the Agreement and Plan of Merger, dated as of October 11, 2021 (as amended, the “Merger Agreement”) extending the Termination Date (as defined in the Merger Agreement) to March 11, 2023. We also announced that the application of Umpqua Bank with respect to the merger of Columbia State Bank with and into Umpqua Bank (the “Bank Merger”) had been approved by the FDIC. The deal is expected to close after close of business on February 28, 2023. In January 2023, Columbia completed the divestiture of 3 branches and certain related assets and deposit liabilities to First Northern Bank of Dixon, a wholly-owned subsidiary of First Northern Community Bancorp, to satisfy regulatory requirements in connection with Columbia’s merger with Umpqua. Total deposits and loans that were divested upon closing were $116.1 million and $3.8 million, respectively. Columbia recorded a gain of $3.7 million related to the completion of this divestiture. Columbia is required to complete an additional divestiture of 7 branches and certain related assets and deposit liabilities in certain of its Washington and Oregon markets to satisfy regulatory requirements in connection with its merger with Umpqua. The Company has an agreement to sell these branches to 1st Security Bank of Washington, a wholly-owned subsidiary of FS Bancorp, Inc. This divestiture is expected to be completed following the close of business on February 24, 2023.

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Policies)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2022

Accounting Policies [Line Items]

Consolidation

The Consolidated Financial Statements of the Company include the accounts of the Corporation and its subsidiaries, including the Bank and Columbia Trust. Intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.

Cash and cash equivalents include cash and due from banks, and interest-bearing balances due from correspondent banks and the FRB. Cash equivalents have a maturity of 90 days or less at the time of purchase.

Securities

Debt securities are classified based on management’s intention on the date of purchase. The Company has debt securities that are classified as AFS and are presented at fair value and debt securities classified as HTM that are presented at amortized cost. Realized gains or losses on sales of debt securities AFS, determined on the basis of the cost of specific securities sold, are included in earnings. Unrealized gains or losses on debt securities AFS are excluded from net income but are included in other comprehensive income as a separate component of shareholders' equity, net of tax. Purchase premiums or discounts on debt securities AFS are amortized or accreted into income using the interest method over the terms of the individual securities.

The Company performs a quarterly assessment to determine whether a decline in fair value below amortized cost exists. Amortized cost includes adjustments made to the cost of an investment for accretion, amortization, collection of cash and previous credit losses recognized in earnings.

When the fair value of an AFS debt security falls below the amortized cost basis, it is evaluated to determine if any of the decline in value is attributable to credit loss. Decreases in fair value attributable to credit loss would be recorded directly to earnings with a corresponding allowance for credit losses, limited by the amount that the fair value is less than the amortized cost basis. If the credit quality subsequently improves the allowance would be reversed up to a maximum of the previously recorded credit losses. If the Company intends to sell an impaired AFS debt security, or if it is more likely than not that the Company will be required to sell the security prior to recovering the amortized cost basis, the entire fair value adjustment would be immediately recognized in earnings with no corresponding allowance for credit losses.

Our equity securities currently consist of Visa Class B restricted stock which do not have readily determinable fair values. These securities are accounted for at cost minus impairment, if any, plus or minus changes resulting from observable price changes in orderly transactions for the identical or similar investment of the same issuer. Any adjustments to the carrying value of these investments are recorded in Investment securities gains (losses), net in the Consolidated Statements of Income.

Federal Home Loan Bank Stock

The Company holds shares of Class B stock issued by the FHLB, which has been designated as FHLB membership stock or FHLB activity based stock in accordance with the capital plan of the FHLB. Membership stock is stock we are required to purchase and hold as a condition of membership in the FHLB. The Company’s membership stock purchase requirement is measured as a percentage of our year end assets, subject to a $10 million cap. Class B stock may be redeemed, subject to certain limitations, on five years’ written notice to the FHLB. Activity based stock is stock we are required to purchase and hold in order to obtain an advance or participate in FHLB mortgage programs. The Company’s activity based stock purchase requirement is measured as a percentage of our advance proceeds. Our FHLB stock is carried at par value because the shares are issued, transferred, redeemed, and repurchased by the FHLB at a par value of $100. The FHLB stock is subject to recoverability testing per the Financial Services-Depository and Lending topic of the FASB ASC.

Loans held for sale

One-to-four family residential real estate loans originated with the intent to be sold in the secondary market are considered held for sale. One-to-four family residential real estate loans under best efforts delivery commitments are carried at the lower of amortized cost or fair value. There are no economic hedges on these loans. Due to the short period of time between the origination and sale of these loans, the carrying amount of these loans approximates fair value. For one-to-four family residential real estate loans under mandatory delivery commitments, the Company has elected to account for these loans at fair value. The use of the fair value option allows the change in the fair value of the loans to more effectively offset the change in the fair value of derivative instruments that are used as economic hedges for these loans held for sale. Loan origination fees and direct origination costs are recognized immediately in net income. Interest income on loans held for sale is included in interest income in the Consolidated Statements of Income and recognized when earned. Loans held for sale are placed on nonaccrual in a manner consistent with loans held for investment. The Company recognizes a gain or loss on the sale of loans when the sales criteria for derecognition are met. See Note 22. "Fair Value Accounting and Measurement” for additional information on loans held for sale.

In addition, loans related to the branch divestitures in connection with our merger with Umpqua were reclassified as held for sale at December 31, 2022. These loans are carried at the lower of amortized cost or fair value.

Allowance for Credit Losses

Loans are generally carried at the unpaid principal balance, net of purchase premiums, purchase discounts and net deferred loan fees. Net deferred loan fees include nonrefundable loan origination fees less direct loan origination costs. Net deferred loan fees, purchase premiums and purchase discounts are amortized into interest income using either the interest method or straight-line method over the terms of the loans, adjusted for actual prepayments. The interest method is used for all loans except revolving loans, for which the straight-line method is used. Interest income is accrued as earned. Fees related to lending activities, other than the origination or purchase of loans, are recognized as noninterest income during the period the related services are performed.

Nonaccrual loans—Loans are placed on nonaccrual status when a loan becomes contractually past due 90 days with respect to interest or principal unless the loan is both well secured and in the process of collection, or if full collection of interest or principal becomes uncertain. When a loan is placed on nonaccrual status, any accrued and unpaid interest receivable is reversed and the amortization of net deferred loan fees, premiums and discounts ceases. The interest payments received on nonaccrual loans are generally accounted for on the cost-recovery method whereby the interest payment is applied to the principal balances. Loans may be returned to accrual status when improvements in credit quality eliminate the doubt as to the full collectability of both interest and principal and a period of sustained performance has occurred.

Restructured loans—A loan is classified as a TDR when a borrower is experiencing financial difficulties that lead to a restructuring of the loan, and the Company grants concessions to the borrower in the restructuring that it would not otherwise consider. These concessions may include interest rate reductions, principal forgiveness, extension of maturity date and other actions intended to minimize potential losses. Generally, a nonaccrual loan that is restructured remains on nonaccrual status for a period of six months to demonstrate that the borrower can meet the restructured terms. If the borrower’s performance under the new terms is not reasonably assured, the loan remains classified as a nonaccrual loan.

Unfunded loan commitments—Unfunded commitments are generally related to providing credit facilities to clients of the Bank and are not actively traded financial instruments. These unfunded commitments are disclosed as financial instruments with off-balance sheet risk in Note 19, “Commitments and Contingent Liabilities.”

The allowance for credit losses under ASC 326 is an accounting estimate of expected losses over the contractual life of assets carried at amortized cost within the Company’s loan portfolio at the balance sheet date. Financial assets (or group of financial assets) measured at amortized cost must be presented at the net amount expected to be collected. The allowance for credit losses is a valuation account that is deducted from the amortized cost basis of the financial asset to present the net carrying value at the amount expected to be collected on the financial asset.

The quantitative allowance is calculated using a DCF approach with a probability of default methodology. The probability of default is an assumption derived from regression models which determines the relationship between historical defaults and certain economic variables. The Company determines a reasonable and supportable forecast and applies that forecast to the regression model to determine defaults over the forecast period. The Company leverages economic projections from an independent third-party provider on a quarterly basis that are vetted by the Company through quantifiable analysis and comparisons are evaluated by a committee before a final scenario is determined for the 18 month reasonable and supportable forecast period used by the Company. Following the forecast period, the economic variables used to calculate the probability of default reverts to its historical mean using a straight-line basis constructed on each macroeconomic factor’s absolute historical quarterly change at a constant rate. Other assumptions relevant to the discounted cash flow model to derive the quantitative allowance include the loss given default, which is the estimate of loss for a defaulted loan, and the discount rate applied to future cash flows. The DCF model calculates the net present value of each loan using both the contractual and expected cash flows, respectively.

In addition to the quantitative portion of the allowance for credit losses, the Company also considers the effects of the following qualitative factors in its calculation of expected losses in the loan portfolio:

•Economic and business conditions;

•Concentration of credit;

•Lending management and staff;

•Lending policies and procedures;

•Loss and recovery trends;

•Nature and volume of the portfolio;

•Trends in problem loans, loan delinquencies and nonaccrual loans;

•Quality of internal loan review; and

•Other external factors such as the effect of economic stimulus and loan modification programs.

The qualitative factor methodology is based on quantitative metrics, but also includes a high degree of subjectivity and changes in any of the metrics could have a significant impact on our calculation of the allowance.

Loans for which repayment is expected to be provided substantially through the operation or sale of collateral are considered collateral-dependent. The allowance for credit losses for collateral-dependent loans is measured on the basis of the fair value of the collateral when foreclosure is probable.

Allowance for Unfunded Commitments and Letters of Credit

Unfunded Commitments and Letters of Credit—The estimate of expected credit losses under the CECL methodology is based on relevant information about past events, current conditions and reasonable and supportable forecasts that affect the collectability of the reported amounts. Expected credit losses are calculated based on the likelihood that funding will occur and an estimate of the amount that will be funded using recent utilization rates, current utilization and the Company’s quantitative ACL rate. The allowance for unfunded commitments is included in “Other liabilities” on the Consolidated Balance Sheets, with changes to the balance charged against noninterest expense.

Premises and Equipment

Land, buildings, leasehold improvements and equipment are stated at cost less accumulated depreciation and amortization. Gains or losses on dispositions are reflected in current operations. Expenditures for improvements and major renewals are capitalized, and ordinary maintenance, repairs and small purchases are charged to “Occupancy” expense in the Consolidated Statements of Income. Depreciation and amortization are computed based on the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the various classes of assets.

The ranges of useful lives for the principal classes of assets are as follows:


Buildings and building improvements			5 to 39 years
Leasehold improvements			Term of lease or useful life, whichever is shorter
Furniture, fixtures and equipment			3 to 7 years
Vehicles			5 years
Computer software			3 to 5 years

Software

Capitalized software is stated at cost, less accumulated amortization. Amortization is computed on a straight-line basis and charged to expense over the estimated useful life of the software, which is generally three years. Capitalized software is included in “Premises and equipment, net” in the Consolidated Balance Sheets.

Implementation costs incurred for software that is part of a hosting arrangement are capitalized in “Other assets” in the Consolidated Balance Sheets and amortized on a straight-line basis over the life of the contract.

Other Real Estate Owned

OREO is composed of real estate acquired by the Company through either foreclosure or deed in lieu of foreclosure in satisfaction of debt. At foreclosure, OREO is recorded at fair value less estimated costs to sell. Any fair value adjustments at foreclosure are charged to the allowance, or in the event of a write-up without previous losses charged to the allowance, a credit to earnings is recorded. The fair value of the OREO is based upon a current appraisal or a letter of intent to purchase. Losses that result from the ongoing periodic valuation of these properties are charged to the net cost of operation of OREO in the period in which they are identified. Improvements to OREO are capitalized and holding costs are charged to the net cost of operation of OREO as incurred.

Goodwill and Intangibles

Net assets of companies acquired in a business combination are recorded at fair value at the date of acquisition. Any excess of the purchase price over the fair value of net assets acquired, including identified intangible assets, is recognized as goodwill. Goodwill is reviewed for potential impairment annually, during the third quarter, or, more frequently, if events or circumstances indicate a potential impairment, at the reporting unit level. A reporting unit is an operating segment or one level below an operating segment for which discrete financial information is available and regularly reviewed by management. The Company consists of a single reporting unit. The test for impairment requires the Company to compare the fair value of the reporting unit to its carrying value. If the fair value of the reporting unit is less than its carrying value, the difference is the amount of impairment and goodwill is written down to the fair value of the reporting unit. Prior to completing the impairment test, however, the Company may assess qualitative factors to determine whether it is more likely than not that the fair value of the reporting unit is less than its carrying amount. If such an assessment indicates the fair value of the reporting unit is more likely than not greater than its carrying value, then the impairment test need not be completed.

Identified intangible assets are amortized on an accelerated basis over the period benefited. Intangible assets are also evaluated for impairment if events and circumstances indicate a possible impairment. Such evaluation is based on undiscounted cash flow projections. At December 31, 2022, intangible assets included in the Consolidated Balance Sheets principally consisted of CDI with an original estimated life of 10 years.

Leases

The Company determines if a lease is present at the inception of an agreement. Operating leases are capitalized at commencement and are discounted using the Company’s FHLB borrowing rate for a similar term borrowing unless the lease defines a rate within the contract. Leases with original terms of less than 12 months are not capitalized. For operating leases existing prior to January 1, 2019, the rate for the remaining lease term as of January 1, 2019 was used. Right-of-use assets represent the Company’s right to use an underlying asset for the lease term and lease liabilities represent the obligation to make lease payments arising from the lease. Operating lease right-of-use assets and operating lease liabilities are recognized on the lease commencement date based on the present value of lease payments over the lease term. The lease term includes options to extend or terminate the lease if the Company is reasonably certain that an option will be exercised. See Note 10, “Leases” for additional information on leases.

Income Taxes

The provision for income taxes includes current and deferred income tax expense on net income adjusted for temporary and permanent differences such as interest income from state and municipal securities and investments in affordable housing tax credits. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the expected future tax consequences of existing temporary differences between the financial reporting and tax reporting basis of assets and liabilities using enacted tax laws and rates. The effect on deferred tax assets and liabilities of a change in tax rates is recognized in income in the period that includes the enactment date. On a quarterly basis, management evaluates deferred tax assets to determine if these tax benefits are expected to be realized in future periods. This determination is based on facts and circumstances, including the Company’s current and future tax outlook. To the extent a deferred tax asset is no longer considered “more likely than not” to be realized, a valuation allowance is established.

We recognize the tax benefit from uncertain tax positions only if it is more likely than not that the tax positions will be sustained on examination by the tax authorities, based on the technical merits of the position. The tax benefit is measured based on the largest benefit that has a greater than 50% likelihood of being realized upon ultimate settlement. We recognize interest and penalties related to unrecognized tax benefits in “Provision for income taxes” in the Consolidated Statements of Income.

Advertising

Advertising costs are generally expensed as incurred.

Earnings per Common Share

The Company’s capital structure includes common shares, restricted common share awards and common share options. Restricted common share awards granted prior to the 2018 equity incentive plan participate in dividends declared on common shares at the same rate as common shares. These restricted common share awards are considered participating securities under the EPS topic of the FASB ASC.

The Company calculates EPS using the two-class method. The two-class method is an earnings allocation formula that treats a participating security as having rights to earnings that otherwise would have been available to common shareholders but does not require the presentation of basic and diluted EPS for securities other than common shares. Under the two-class method, basic EPS is computed by dividing earnings allocated to common shareholders by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding for the period. Earnings allocated to common shareholders represents net income reduced by earnings allocated to participating securities. Diluted EPS is computed in the same manner as basic EPS except that the denominator is increased to include the number of additional common shares that would have been outstanding if certain shares issuable upon exercise of common share options were included unless those additional shares would have been anti-dilutive. For the diluted EPS computation, the treasury stock method is applied and compared to the two-class method and whichever method results in a more dilutive impact is utilized to calculate diluted EPS.

Share-Based Payment

The Company accounts for stock options and stock awards in accordance with the Compensation—Stock Compensation topic of the FASB ASC. Authoritative guidance requires the Company to measure the cost of employee services received in exchange for an award of equity instruments, such as stock options or stock awards, based on the fair value of the award on the grant date. This cost must be recognized in the Consolidated Statements of Income over the vesting period of the award.

The Company issues RSAs and RSUs which generally vest over a three- or four-year period. RSA and RSU time-based awards vest ratably over their vesting period while RSA and RSU performance-based awards cliff vest. Recipients of RSAs have voting rights while recipients of RSUs do not. Pursuant to our equity incentive plan approved in 2018, the holder accrues dividends, which are paid out when the RSAs vest or when the RSUs vest and the common shares are issued. The fair value of time-based and performance-based awards are equal to the fair market value of the Company’s common stock on the grant date. The fair value of market-based performance awards are estimated on the date of grant using the Monte Carlo simulation model.

Derivatives and Hedging Activities

In accordance with the Derivatives and Hedging topic of the FASB ASC, the Company recognizes derivatives as assets or liabilities on the Consolidated Balance Sheets at their fair value. The Company periodically enters into interest rate contracts with customers and offsetting contracts with third parties. As these interest rate contracts are not designated as hedges under the Derivatives and Hedging topic of the FASB ASC, the changes in fair value of these instruments are recognized immediately in earnings. The Company also enters into forward contracts to sell residential mortgage loans to broker/dealers at specific prices and dates in order to hedge the interest rate risk in its portfolio of mortgage loans held for sale and its residential loan commitments. The commitments to originate mortgage loans held for sale and the related forward delivery contracts are considered derivatives.

As part of the Company’s overall interest rate risk management, the Company used an interest rate collar with a notional amount of $500.0 million to mitigate interest rate risk. This collar was designated and qualified as a cash flow hedge. Gains and losses were recorded in accumulated other comprehensive income to the extent the hedge was effective. Gains and losses were reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income to earnings in the period the hedged transaction affected earnings and was included in the same income statement line item that the hedged transaction was recorded. In October 2020, the interest rate collar was terminated. See Note 17. “Derivatives and Balance Sheet Offsetting” for additional information.

Revenue from Contracts with Customers

Revenue in the scope of Topic 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers is measured based on the consideration specified in the contract with a customer and excludes amounts collected on behalf of third parties. The vast majority of the Company’s revenue is specifically outside the scope of Topic 606. For in-scope revenue, the following is a description of principal activities, separated by the timing of revenue recognition from which the Company generates its revenue from contracts with customers.

a.Revenue earned at a point in time - Examples of revenue earned at a point in time are ATM transaction fees, wire transfer fees, overdraft fees, interchange fees and foreign exchange transaction fees. Revenue is primarily based on the number and type of transactions and is generally derived from transactional information accumulated by our systems and is recognized immediately as the transactions occur or upon providing the service to complete the customer’s transaction. The Company is the principal in each of these contracts, with the exception of interchange fees, in which case we are acting as the agent and record revenue net of expenses paid to the principal.

b.Revenue earned over time - The Company earns revenue from contracts with customers in a variety of ways where the revenue is earned over a period of time - generally monthly. Examples of this type of revenue are deposit account maintenance fees, investment advisory fees, merchant revenue and safe deposit box fees. Revenue is generally derived from transactional information accumulated by our systems or those of third-parties and is recognized as the related transactions occur or services are rendered to the customer.

The Company recognizes revenue from contracts with customers when it satisfies its performance obligations. The Company’s performance obligations are typically satisfied as services are rendered and our contracts generally do not include multiple performance obligations. As a result, there are no contract balances as payments and services are rendered simultaneously. Payment is generally collected at the time services are rendered, monthly or quarterly. Unsatisfied performance obligations at the report date are not material to our Consolidated Financial Statements.

In certain cases, other parties are involved with providing products and services to our customers. If the Company is principal in the transaction (providing goods or services itself), revenues are reported based on the gross consideration received from the customer and any related expenses are reported gross in noninterest expense. If the Company is an agent in the transaction (arranging for another party to provide goods or services), the Company reports its net fee or commission retained as revenue.

Rebates, waivers and reversals are recorded as a reduction of the transaction price either when the revenue is recognized by the Company or at the time the rebate, waiver or reversal is earned by the customer.

Practical expedients

The Company does not adjust the consideration from customers for the effects of a significant financing component if at contract inception the period between when the entity transfers the goods or services and when the customer pays for that good or service will be one year or less.

The Company pays sales commissions to its employees in accordance with certain incentive plans and in connection with obtaining certain contracts with customers. The Company expenses such sales commissions when incurred if the amortization period of the asset the Company otherwise would have recognized is one year or less. Sales commissions are included in compensation and employee benefits expense.

For the Company’s contracts that have an original expected duration of one year or less, the Company has not disclosed the amount of the transaction price allocated to unsatisfied performance obligations as of the end of each reporting period or when the Company expects to recognize this revenue.

Accounting Pronouncements Recently Adopted or Issued

Accounting Standards Adopted in 2022

In December 2022, the FASB issued ASU 2022-06, Reference Rate Reform (Topic 848) - Deferral of the Sunset Date of Topic 848. The amendments in this ASU defer the sunset date included in ASU 2020-04 to provide temporary, optional expedients related to the accounting for contract modifications and hedging transactions as a result of the global markets’ anticipated transition away from the use of LIBOR and other interbank offered rates to alternative reference rates. Preceding the issuance of ASU 2020-04, which established ASC 848, the United Kingdom’s Financial Conduct Authority (“FCA”) announced that it would no longer need to persuade or compel banks to submit to LIBOR after December 31, 2021. In response, the FASB established a December 31, 2022 expiration date of ASC 848. In March 2021, the FCA announced that the intended cessation date of LIBOR in the United States would be June 30, 2023. Accordingly, ASU 2022-06 defers the expiration date of ASC 848 to December 31, 2024. This ASU was effective immediately and did not have a material impact on the Company’s Consolidated Financial Statements.

Recently Issued Accounting Standards, Not Yet Adopted

In June 2022, the FASB issued ASU 2022-03, Fair Value Measurement (Topic 820) - Fair Value Measurement of Equity Securities Subject to Contractual Sale Restrictions. The amendments in this ASU clarify that a contractual restriction on the sale of an equity security is not considered part of the unit of account of the equity security and is not considered in measuring fair value. Further, an entity cannot, as a separate unit of account, recognize and measure a contractual sale restriction. Additionally, the amendments require the disclosures for equity securities subject to contractual sale restrictions to include the fair value of equity securities subject to contractual sale restrictions reflected on the balance sheet, the nature and remaining duration of the restrictions and the circumstances that could cause a lapse in the restrictions. The ASU is effective for interim and annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2023; early adoption is permitted. The adoption of this ASU is not expected to have a material impact on the Company’s Consolidated Financial Statements.

In March 2022, the FASB issued ASU 2022-02, Financial Instruments - Credit Losses (Topic 326) - Troubled Debt Restructurings and Vintage Disclosures. The amendments in this ASU enhance disclosure requirements for certain loan refinancings and restructurings by creditors when a borrower is experiencing financial difficulty. Additionally, the amendments require the disclosure of current-period gross charge-offs by year of origination for financing receivables and net investments in leases within scope. The ASU is effective for interim and annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2022; early adoption is permitted. The adoption of this ASU is not expected to have a material impact on the Company’s Consolidated Financial Statements.

Business Combinations and Asset Acquisitions (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2022

Business Combination and Asset Acquisition [Abstract]

Schedule of Recognized Assets Acquired and Liabilities Assumed [Table Text Block]

The table below summarizes the amounts recognized as of the acquisition date for each major class of assets acquired and liabilities assumed:


	October 1, 2021
	(in thousands)
Merger consideration			$	256,257
Identifiable net assets acquired, at fair value
Assets acquired
Cash and cash equivalents	$	155,180
Investment securities	654,480
FHLB stock	7,463
Loans, net allowance for credit loss	1,084,984
Interest receivable	5,237
Premises and equipment	17,658

Core deposit intangible	15,932
Other assets	41,963
Total assets acquired			1,982,897
Liabilities assumed
Deposits	(1,737,584)

Subordinated debentures	(10,000)
Junior subordinated debentures	(10,310)


Other liabilities	(26,076)
Total liabilities assumed			(1,783,970)
Total fair value of identifiable net assets			198,927
Goodwill			$	57,330

See Note 9, “Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets,” for further discussion of the accounting for goodwill and other intangible assets.

Summary of PCD loans at acquisition [Table Text Block]

The following table provides a summary of these PCD loans at acquisition:


	October 1, 2021

	(in thousands)
Par value of PCD loans acquired	$	43,419
PCD ACL at acquisition	(2,616)
Non-credit discount on PCD loans	(525)
Purchase price of PCD loans	$	40,278

Business Acquisition, Pro Forma Information [Table Text Block]

For illustrative purposes only, the following table presents certain unaudited pro forma information for the year ended December 31, 2021 and 2020. This unaudited, estimated pro forma financial information was calculated as if Bank of Commerce had been acquired as of the beginning of the year prior to the date of acquisition. This unaudited pro forma information combines the historical results of Bank of Commerce with the Company’s consolidated historical results and includes certain adjustments reflecting the estimated impact of certain fair value adjustments for the respective periods. The pro forma information is not indicative of what would have occurred had the acquisition occurred as of the beginning of the year prior to the acquisition. The unaudited pro forma information does not consider any changes to the provision for credit losses resulting from recording loan assets at fair value. Additionally, the pro forma amounts below do not reflect Columbia’s expectations as of the date of the pro forma information of further operating cost savings and other business synergies expected to be achieved, including revenue growth as a result of the acquisition. As a result, actual amounts would have differed from the unaudited pro forma information presented.


	Unaudited Pro Forma for the
	Years Ended December 31,
	2021		2020

	(in thousands, except per share amounts)
Total revenues (net interest income plus noninterest income)	$	664,875	$	660,857
Net income	$	221,637	$	164,087
EPS - basic	$	2.85	$	2.11
EPS - diluted	$	2.84	$	2.10

Business acquisition, acquisition-related expenses [Table text block]

The following table shows the impact of the merger-related expenses related to the acquisition of Bank of Commerce for the periods indicated to the various components of noninterest expense:


	Years ended December 31,
	2022		2021		2020

	(in thousands)
Noninterest Expense
Compensation and employee benefits	$	1,753	$	4,875	$	—
Occupancy	928		271		—
Data processing	1,584		287		—
Legal and professional fees	414		4,429		—

Advertising and promotion	18		9		—
Other	896		499		—
Total impact of merger-related costs to noninterest expense	$	5,593	$	10,370	$	—

Securities (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2022

Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale [Abstract]

Schedule of available-for-sale securities and Held-to-maturity securities

The following table summarizes the amortized cost, gross unrealized gains and losses and the resulting fair value of debt securities:


	Amortized Cost		Gross Unrealized Gains		Gross Unrealized Losses		Fair Value

December 31, 2022	(in thousands)
Available for sale
U.S. government agency and government-sponsored enterprise mortgage-backed securities and collateralized mortgage obligations	$	3,188,381	$	382	$	(429,053)	$	2,759,710
Other asset-backed securities	376,336		—		(48,983)		327,353
State and municipal securities	959,469		199		(125,595)		834,073
U.S. government agency and government-sponsored enterprise securities	222,829		2		(14,062)		208,769
U.S. government securities	183,049		—		(15,153)		167,896
Non-agency collateralized mortgage obligations	352,782		—		(61,484)		291,298
Total available for sale	$	5,282,846	$	583	$	(694,330)	$	4,589,099
Held to maturity
U.S. government agency and government-sponsored enterprise mortgage-backed securities and collateralized mortgage obligations	$	2,034,792	$	—	$	(312,014)	$	1,722,778




Total held to maturity	$	2,034,792	$	—	$	(312,014)	$	1,722,778

December 31, 2021
Available for sale
U.S. government agency and government-sponsored enterprise mortgage-backed securities and collateralized mortgage obligations	$	3,738,616	$	45,077	$	(38,092)	$	3,745,601
Other asset-backed securities	469,052		3,802		(9,791)		463,063
State and municipal securities	983,704		18,525		(4,938)		997,291
U.S. government agency and government-sponsored enterprise securities	252,755		3,095		(3,274)		252,576
U.S. government securities	158,367		—		(831)		157,536
Non-agency collateralized mortgage obligations	295,547		340		(955)		294,932
Total available for sale	$	5,898,041	$	70,839	$	(57,881)	$	5,910,999
Held to maturity
U.S. government agency and government-sponsored enterprise mortgage-backed securities and collateralized mortgage obligations	$	2,148,327	$	50	$	(25,771)	$	2,122,606




Total held to maturity	$	2,148,327	$	50	$	(25,771)	$	2,122,606

Schedule of gross realized gains and losses on sales and calls of securities available for sale

The following table provides the proceeds and both gross realized gains and losses on the sales and calls of debt securities available for sale as well as other securities gains and losses for the periods indicated:


	Years Ended December 31,
	2022		2021		2020

	(in thousands)
Proceeds from sales and calls of debt securities available for sale	$	741	$	89,219	$	194,697

Gross realized gains from sales of debt securities available for sale	$	—	$	751	$	471
Gross realized losses from sales of debt securities available for sale	(9)		(437)		(186)
Other securities gains, net (1)	—		—		16,425
Investment securities gains (losses), net	$	(9)	$	314	$	16,710

__________

(1) Other securities gains includes gain from sale of Visa Class B restricted stock and subsequent write up to fair value of remaining Visa Class B shares.

Unrealized gains and losses on equity securities

The following table provides the unrealized gains and losses on equity securities at the reporting date:


	Years Ended December 31,
	2022		2021		2020

	(in thousands)
Gains recognized during the period on equity securities	$	—	$	—	$	16,425
Less: Losses recognized during the period on equity securities sold during the period.	—		—		(3,000)
Unrealized gains recognized during the reporting period on equity securities still held at the reporting date (1).	$	—	$	—	$	13,425

__________

(1) Visa Class B restricted stock owned by the Company was previously carried at a zero-cost basis due to existing transfer restrictions and uncertainty of covered litigation. The sale of shares by the Company of Visa Class B restricted shares during the year ended December 31, 2020 resulted in an observable market price. As a result, the Company adjusted the carrying value of its remaining shares of Visa Class B restricted shares upward to this observable market price.

Schedule of Contractual Maturities of Investment Securities Available for Sale

The scheduled contractual maturities of debt securities at December 31, 2022 are presented as follows:


	December 31, 2022
	Available for sale				Held to maturity
	Amortized Cost		Fair Value		Amortized Cost		Fair Value

	(in thousands)
Due within one year	$	85,094	$	84,216	$	—	$	—
Due after one year through five years	1,132,895		1,055,150		301,515		265,831
Due after five years through ten years	1,106,689		973,108		916,571		775,931
Due after ten years	2,958,168		2,476,625		816,706		681,016
Total debt securities	$	5,282,846	$	4,589,099	$	2,034,792	$	1,722,778

Schedule of Securities pledged as collateral

The following table summarizes the carrying value of securities pledged as collateral to secure public deposits, borrowings and other purposes as permitted or required by law:


	December 31,
	2022		2021

	(in thousands)
To secure public funds	$	564,150	$	596,779
To secure borrowings	—		98,796
Other securities pledged	266,752		267,213
Total securities pledged as collateral	$	830,902	$	962,788

Summary of Gross Unrealized Losses and Fair Value of the Investments with Unrealized Losses

The following tables show the gross unrealized losses and fair value of the Company’s debt securities available for sale for which an allowance for credit losses has not been recorded, aggregated by investment category and length of time that individual securities have been in a continuous unrealized loss position at December 31, 2022 and 2021:


	Less than 12 Months				12 Months or More				Total
	Fair Value		Unrealized Losses		Fair Value		Unrealized Losses		Fair Value		Unrealized Losses

December 31, 2022	(in thousands)
U.S. government agency and government-sponsored enterprise mortgage-backed securities and collateralized mortgage obligations	$	735,898	$	(50,201)	$	2,005,957	$	(378,852)	$	2,741,855	$	(429,053)
Other asset-backed securities	76,877		(7,579)		250,475		(41,404)		327,352		(48,983)
State and municipal securities	309,675		(23,690)		485,620		(101,905)		795,295		(125,595)
U.S. government agency and government-sponsored enterprise securities	68,656		(1,375)		139,364		(12,687)		208,020		(14,062)
U.S. government securities	—		—		167,896		(15,153)		167,896		(15,153)
Non-agency collateralized mortgage obligations	11,669		(2,736)		279,629		(58,748)		291,298		(61,484)
Total	$	1,202,775	$	(85,581)	$	3,328,941	$	(608,749)	$	4,531,716	$	(694,330)
December 31, 2021
U.S. government agency and government-sponsored enterprise mortgage-backed securities and collateralized mortgage obligations	$	2,292,062	$	(30,777)	$	176,946	$	(7,315)	$	2,469,008	$	(38,092)
Other asset-backed securities	195,708		(4,823)		117,751		(4,968)		313,459		(9,791)
State and municipal securities	237,354		(3,862)		40,343		(1,076)		277,697		(4,938)
U.S. government agency and government-sponsored enterprise securities	100,813		(1,988)		48,714		(1,286)		149,527		(3,274)
U.S. government securities	157,536		(831)		—		—		157,536		(831)
Non-agency collateralized mortgage obligations	212,259		(955)		—		—		212,259		(955)
Total	$	3,195,732	$	(43,236)	$	383,754	$	(14,645)	$	3,579,486	$	(57,881)

Loans (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2022

Loans and Leases Receivable, Net Amount [Abstract]

Analysis of Loan Portfolio by Major Types of Loans

The Company’s loan portfolio includes originated and purchased loans. The following is an analysis of the loan portfolio by segment (net of unearned income):


	December 31,
	2022		2021

	(in thousands)
Commercial loans:
Commercial real estate	$	5,352,785	$	4,981,263
Commercial business	3,750,564		3,423,268
Agriculture	848,903		795,715
Construction	540,861		384,755
Consumer loans:
One-to-four family residential real estate	1,077,494		1,013,908
Other consumer	40,366		43,028
Total loans	11,610,973		10,641,937
Less: Allowance for credit losses	(158,438)		(155,578)
Total loans, net	$	11,452,535	$	10,486,359

Analysis of the Aged Loan Portfolio

The following is an aging of the amortized cost of the loan portfolio as of December 31, 2022 and 2021:


	Current Loans		30 - 59 Days Past Due		60 - 89 Days Past Due		Greater than 90 Days Past Due		Total Past Due		Nonaccrual Loans		Total Loans

December 31, 2022	(in thousands)
Commercial loans:
Commercial real estate	$	5,338,999	$	6,756	$	3,786	$	—	$	10,542	$	3,244	$	5,352,785
Commercial business	3,739,731		4,336		1,364		—		5,700		5,133		3,750,564
Agriculture	842,506		493		1,537		—		2,030		4,367		848,903
Construction	540,861		—		—		—		—		—		540,861
Consumer loans:
One-to-four family residential real estate	1,072,211		4,315		283		—		4,598		685		1,077,494
Other consumer	40,172		160		22		—		182		12		40,366
Total	$	11,574,480	$	16,060	$	6,992	$	—	$	23,052	$	13,441	$	11,610,973

	Current Loans		30 - 59 Days Past Due		60 - 89 Days Past Due		Greater than 90 Days Past Due		Total Past Due		Nonaccrual Loans		Total Loans

December 31, 2021	(in thousands)
Commercial loans:
Commercial real estate	$	4,977,781	$	—	$	1,610	—		$	1,610	$	1,872	$	4,981,263
Commercial business	3,406,539		2,721		687		—		3,408		13,321		3,423,268
Agriculture	789,112		1,207		—		—		1,207		5,396		795,715
Construction	384,755		—		—		—		—		—		384,755
Consumer loans:
One-to-four family residential real estate	1,010,343		921		211		—		1,132		2,433		1,013,908
Other consumer	42,998		11		—		—		11		19		43,028
Total	$	10,611,528	$	4,860	$	2,508	$	—	$	7,368	$	23,041	$	10,641,937

Interest written off on nonaccrual loans

The following table summarizes written-off interest on nonaccrual loans for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020:


	Years Ended December 31,
	2022		2021		2020

	(in thousands)
Commercial loans	$	604	$	628	$	1,972
Consumer loans	25		45		28
Total	$	629	$	673	$	2,000

Analysis of Nonaccrual Loans

The following summarizes the amortized cost of nonaccrual loans for which there was no related ACL as of December 31, 2022 and 2021:


	December 31, 2022		December 31, 2021

	(in thousands)
Commercial loans:
Commercial real estate	$	2,281	$	932
Commercial business	815		5,131
Agriculture	2,111		3,756




Total	$	5,207	$	9,819

Analysis of loans classified as Troubled Debt Restructurings (“TDR”)

The following is an analysis of loans classified as TDR for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020:


	Years Ended December 31,
	2022					2021					2020
	Number of TDR Modifications	Pre-Modification Outstanding Recorded Investment		Post-Modification Outstanding Recorded Investment		Number of TDR Modifications	Pre-Modification Outstanding Recorded Investment		Post-Modification Outstanding Recorded Investment		Number of TDR Modifications	Pre-Modification Outstanding Recorded Investment		Post-Modification Outstanding Recorded Investment

	(dollars in thousands)
Commercial loans:
Commercial real estate	—	$	—	$	—	1	$	628	$	628	—	$	—	$	—
Commercial business	2	637		637		11	2,600		2,600		11	3,257		3,257
Agriculture	1	633		633		1	583		583		2	3,495		3,495

Consumer loans:
One-to-four family residential real estate	1	50		50		3	155		155		6	814		814
Other consumer	—	—		—		—	—		—		—	—		—
Total	4	$	1,320	$	1,320	16	$	3,966	$	3,966	19	$	7,566	$	7,566

Allowance for Credit Losses and Unfunded Commitments and Letters of Credit (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2022

Allowance For Credit Losses And Unfunded Loan Commitments And Letters Of Credit

Allowance for Credit Losses on Financing Receivables

The following tables show a detailed analysis of the ACL for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020:


	Beginning Balance		Charge-offs		Recoveries		Provision (Recapture)		Ending Balance

Year Ended December 31, 2022	(in thousands)
Commercial loans:
Commercial real estate	$	61,254	$	(299)	$	207	$	(6,306)	$	54,856
Commercial business	54,712		(2,108)		2,183		3,049		57,836
Agriculture	8,148		(799)		869		853		9,071
Construction	5,397		—		387		7,358		13,142
Consumer loans:
One-to-four family residential real estate	24,123		(3)		943		(2,708)		22,355
Other consumer	1,944		(1,240)		770		(296)		1,178

Total	$	155,578	$	(4,449)	$	5,359	$	1,950	$	158,438


	Beginning Balance		Initial ACL recorded for PCD loans acquired during the period		Charge-offs		Recoveries		Provision (Recapture)		Ending Balance

Year Ended December 31, 2021	(in thousands)
Commercial loans:
Commercial real estate	$	68,934	$	2,225	$	(1,044)	$	633	$	(9,494)	$	61,254
Commercial business	45,250		30		(6,364)		4,862		10,934		54,712
Agriculture	9,052		38		(322)		355		(975)		8,148
Construction	7,636		35		—		593		(2,867)		5,397
Consumer loans:
One-to-four family residential real estate	16,875		286		(170)		907		6,225		24,123
Other consumer	1,393		2		(1,163)		735		977		1,944
Unallocated	—		—		—		—		—		—
Total	$	149,140	$	2,616	$	(9,063)	$	8,085	$	4,800	$	155,578


	Beginning Balance		Impact of Adopting ASC 326		Charge-offs		Recoveries		Provision (Recapture)		Ending Balance

Year Ended December 31, 2020					(in thousands)
Commercial loans:
Commercial real estate	$	20,340	$	7,533	$	(1,419)	$	131	$	42,349	$	68,934
Commercial business	30,292		762		(12,396)		3,438		23,154		45,250
Agriculture	15,835		(9,325)		(6,427)		172		8,797		9,052
Construction	8,571		(1,750)		—		709		106		7,636
Consumer loans:
One-to-four family residential real estate	7,435		4,237		(84)		2,083		3,204		16,875
Other consumer	883		778		(766)		399		99		1,393
Unallocated	612		(603)		—		—		(9)		—
Total	$	83,968	$	1,632	$	(21,092)	$	6,932	$	77,700	$	149,140

Changes in the Allowance for Unfunded Commitments and Letters of Credit

Changes in the allowance for unfunded commitments and letters of credit, a component of “Other liabilities” in the Consolidated Balance Sheets, are summarized as follows:


	Years Ended December 31,
	2022		2021		2020

	(in thousands)
Beginning balance	$	8,500	$	8,300	$	3,430
Impact of Adopting ASC 326	—		—		1,570
Net changes in the allowance for unfunded commitments and letters of credit	(500)		200		3,300
Ending balance	$	8,000	$	8,500	$	8,300

Financing Receivable Credit Quality Indicators

The following is an analysis of the credit quality of our loan portfolio as of December 31, 2022 and 2021:


													Revolving Loans Amortized Cost Basis		Revolving Loans Converted to Term Loans Amortized Cost Basis
	Term Loans
	Amortized Cost Basis by Origination Year
	2022		2021		2020		2019		2018		Prior						Total (1)

December 31, 2022	(in thousands)
Commercial loans:
Commercial real estate
Pass	$	1,182,136	$	1,009,480	$	636,056	$	588,494	$	394,552	$	1,295,185	$	75,487	$	12,551	$	5,193,941
Special mention	1,698		—		1,357		15,199		1,513		13,590		—		—		33,357
Substandard	318		7,460		20,317		30,422		2,904		60,343		3,723		—		125,487

Total commercial real estate	$	1,184,152	$	1,016,940	$	657,730	$	634,115	$	398,969	$	1,369,118	$	79,210	$	12,551	$	5,352,785
Commercial business
Pass	$	521,615	$	658,452	$	337,927	$	208,199	$	159,105	$	247,086	$	1,456,332	$	9,736	$	3,598,452
Special mention	1,129		3,681		617		6,335		187		193		17,988		74		30,204
Substandard	2,716		6,162		2,210		16,164		20,321		28,402		39,037		6,896		121,908

Total commercial business	$	525,460	$	668,295	$	340,754	$	230,698	$	179,613	$	275,681	$	1,513,357	$	16,706	$	3,750,564
Agriculture
Pass	$	141,623	$	119,538	$	68,621	$	67,689	$	20,570	$	91,411	$	301,607	$	1,345	$	812,404
Special mention	3,890		659		—		198		—		33		598		—		5,378
Substandard	1,425		1,280		2,104		2,986		20		6,105		17,201		—		31,121

Total agriculture	$	146,938	$	121,477	$	70,725	$	70,873	$	20,590	$	97,549	$	319,406	$	1,345	$	848,903
Construction
Pass	$	220,558	$	208,472	$	20,334	$	14,329	$	2,437	$	3,192	$	67,559	$	1,037	$	537,918
Special mention	—		734		—		—		—		—		—		—		734
Substandard	—		—		—		1,717		443		49		—		—		2,209

Total construction	$	220,558	$	209,206	$	20,334	$	16,046	$	2,880	$	3,241	$	67,559	$	1,037	$	540,861
Consumer loans:
One-to-four family residential real estate
Pass	$	156,406	$	354,364	$	124,150	$	37,546	$	39,054	$	84,403	$	277,930	$	1,288	$	1,075,141

Substandard	—		—		—		253		498		932		510		160		2,353

Total one-to-four family residential real estate	$	156,406	$	354,364	$	124,150	$	37,799	$	39,552	$	85,335	$	278,440	$	1,448	$	1,077,494
Other consumer
Pass	$	5,235	$	2,614	$	1,169	$	819	$	1,209	$	7,833	$	21,276	$	201	$	40,356

Substandard	—		—		—		—		—		10		—		—		10

Total consumer	$	5,235	$	2,614	$	1,169	$	819	$	1,209	$	7,843	$	21,276	$	201	$	40,366
Total	$	2,238,749	$	2,372,896	$	1,214,862	$	990,350	$	642,813	$	1,838,767	$	2,279,248	$	33,288	$	11,610,973
Less:
Allowance for credit losses																	158,438
Loans, net																	$	11,452,535

_________

(1) Loans that are on short-term deferments are treated as Pass loans and will not be reported as past due provided that they are performing in accordance with the modified terms.


													Revolving Loans Amortized Cost Basis		Revolving Loans Converted to Term Loans Amortized Cost Basis
	Term Loans
	Amortized Cost Basis by Origination Year
	2021		2020		2019		2018		2017		Prior						Total

December 31, 2021	(in thousands)
Commercial loans:
Commercial real estate
Pass	$	1,068,493	$	760,545	$	650,593	$	492,348	$	515,233	$	1,180,115	$	74,754	$	3,644	$	4,745,725
Special mention	2,252		—		19,016		6,196		163		27,270		—		2,199		57,096
Substandard	4,119		5,897		45,769		9,112		29,917		82,599		1,029		—		178,442

Total commercial real estate	$	1,074,864	$	766,442	$	715,378	$	507,656	$	545,313	$	1,289,984	$	75,783	$	5,843	$	4,981,263
Commercial business
Pass	$	891,957	$	426,004	$	280,823	$	217,605	$	144,363	$	232,356	$	1,028,616	$	35,411	$	3,257,135
Special mention	621		135		6,097		747		105		51		34,256		236		42,248
Substandard	4,329		4,610		18,393		28,066		20,568		27,462		18,796		1,661		123,885

Total commercial business	$	896,907	$	430,749	$	305,313	$	246,418	$	165,036	$	259,869	$	1,081,668	$	37,308	$	3,423,268
Agriculture
Pass	$	147,561	$	87,964	$	74,658	$	29,739	$	46,058	$	79,693	$	266,573	$	5,448	$	737,694
Special mention	162		—		445		—		—		—		565		—		1,172
Substandard	—		7,717		9,148		1,616		5,532		1,833		29,125		1,878		56,849

Total agriculture	$	147,723	$	95,681	$	84,251	$	31,355	$	51,590	$	81,526	$	296,263	$	7,326	$	795,715
Construction
Pass	$	228,661	$	53,880	$	35,795	$	3,183	$	3,285	$	2,189	$	55,765	$	—	$	382,758

Substandard	—		—		1,748		—		—		249		—		—		1,997

Total construction	$	228,661	$	53,880	$	37,543	$	3,183	$	3,285	$	2,438	$	55,765	$	—	$	384,755
Consumer loans:
One-to-four family residential real estate
Pass	$	390,153	$	140,799	$	56,520	$	51,549	$	32,447	$	111,307	$	222,747	$	1,347	$	1,006,869

Substandard	85		470		183		562		234		4,736		485		284		7,039

Total one-to-four family residential real estate	$	390,238	$	141,269	$	56,703	$	52,111	$	32,681	$	116,043	$	223,232	$	1,631	$	1,013,908
Other consumer
Pass	$	7,045	$	2,711	$	1,950	$	13,489	$	560	$	1,277	$	15,853	$	97	$	42,982

Substandard	—		—		—		—		1		13		23		9		46

Total consumer	$	7,045	$	2,711	$	1,950	$	13,489	$	561	$	1,290	$	15,876	$	106	$	43,028
Total	$	2,745,438	$	1,490,732	$	1,201,138	$	854,212	$	798,466	$	1,751,150	$	1,748,587	$	52,214	$	10,641,937
Less:
Allowance for credit losses																	155,578
Loans, net																	$	10,486,359

Other Real Estate Owned (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2022

Other Real Estate, Foreclosed Assets, and Repossessed Assets [Abstract]

Summary of Other Real Estate Owned

The following table sets forth activity in OREO for the periods indicated:


	Years Ended December 31,
	2022		2021

	(in thousands)
Balance, beginning of period	$	381	$	553



Valuation adjustments	(182)		(140)
Proceeds from sale of OREO property	(200)		(132)
Gain on sale of OREO, net	1		100
Balance, end of period	$	—	$	381

Premises and Equipment (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2022

Property, Plant and Equipment [Abstract]

Property, Plant and Equipment

Real and personal property and software, less accumulated depreciation and amortization, were as follows:


	December 31,
	2022		2021

	(in thousands)
Land	$	50,393	$	52,639
Buildings	116,005		119,546
Leasehold improvements	32,694		31,084
Furniture and equipment	40,712		41,313
Vehicles	525		476
Computer software	8,385		9,942
Total cost	248,714		255,000
Less accumulated depreciation and amortization	(88,136)		(82,856)
Total	$	160,578	$	172,144

Goodwill and Intangible Assets (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2022

Goodwill and Intangible Assets Disclosure [Abstract]

Schedule of Goodwill and Intangible Assets

The following table sets forth activity for goodwill and other intangible assets for the periods indicated:


	Years Ended December 31,
	2022		2021		2020

	(in thousands)
Goodwill, beginning of period	$	823,172	$	765,842	$	765,842
Established through acquisition (1)	—		57,330		—
Total goodwill, end of period	823,172		823,172		765,842
Other intangible assets, net
CDI:
Gross CDI balance, beginning of period (2)	88,931		78,821		105,473
Accumulated amortization, beginning of period	(55,203)		(53,006)		(70,934)
CDI, net, beginning of period	33,728		25,815		34,539
Established through acquisition	—		15,900		—
CDI current period amortization	(8,698)		(7,987)		(8,724)
Total CDI, end of period	25,030		33,728		25,815
Intangible assets not subject to amortization	919		919		919
Other intangible assets, net at end of period	25,949		34,647		26,734
Total goodwill and intangible assets, end of period	$	849,121	$	857,819	$	792,576

__________

(1) See Note 2, Business Combinations, for additional information regarding the goodwill related to the acquisition of Bank of Commerce on October 1, 2021.

(2) For the year ended December 31, 2021, the gross CDI balance, beginning of period has been adjusted to remove fully amortized amounts. Prior period columns have not been adjusted.

Estimated Future Amortization Expense of Core Deposit Intangibles

The following table provides the estimated future amortization expense of CDI for the succeeding five years:


	Years Ending December 31,

	(in thousands)
2023	$	7,082
2024	5,673
2025	4,366
2026	3,225
2027	2,083

Leases (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2022

Leases [Abstract]

Operating Leases by balance sheet location [Table Text Block]

The following table shows the details of the Company’s operating lease right-of-use asset and the associated lease liability for the period indicated:


		December 31,
Item	Balance Sheet Location	2022		2021

		(in thousands)
Operating lease asset	Other assets	$	53,156	$	60,296
Operating lease liability	Other liabilities	$	58,543	$	66,375

Lease, Cost [Table Text Block]

The following table shows the components of net lease costs:


		Years Ended December 31,
Item	Statement of Income Location	2022		2021		2020

		(in thousands)
Operating lease cost (1)	Occupancy	$	12,133	$	11,760	$	11,073
Variable lease cost	Occupancy	1,987		1,800		1,732
Sublease income	Occupancy	(1,634)		(1,562)		(1,454)
Net lease cost		$	12,486	$	11,998	$	11,351

__________

(1) Includes short-term lease costs, which are immaterial.

Schedule of Future Minimum Rental Payments for Operating Leases [Table Text Block]

The following table shows the maturity analysis for operating leases as of December 31, 2022:


	Years Ending December 31,
	(in thousands)
2023	$	11,597
2024	10,454
2025	9,110
2026	7,898
2027	6,851
Thereafter	18,269
Total future minimum lease payments	64,179
Amounts representing interest	(5,636)
Present value of minimum lease payments	$	58,543

Deposits (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2022

Deposits [Abstract]

Schedule Of Deposits

Year-end deposits are summarized in the following table:


	December 31,
	2022 (1)		2021

	(in thousands)
Demand and other noninterest-bearing	$	8,373,350	$	8,856,714
Money market	2,972,838		3,525,299
Interest-bearing demand	1,980,631		1,999,407
Savings	1,555,765		1,617,546
Interest-bearing public funds, other than certificates of deposit	670,580		779,146
Certificates of deposit, less than $250,000	215,848		249,120
Certificates of deposit, $250,000 or more	124,411		160,490
Certificates of deposit insured by CD Option of IntraFi Network Deposits	21,828		35,611

Reciprocal money market accounts	796,199		786,046
Subtotal	16,711,450		18,009,379
Valuation adjustment resulting from acquisition accounting	—		736
Total deposits	$	16,711,450	$	18,010,115

Schedule Of Time Deposits Maturity

The following table shows the amount and maturity of time deposits:


	Years Ending December 31,
	(in thousands)
2023 (1)	$	266,873
2024	62,907
2025	14,325
2026	9,688
2027	8,284
Thereafter	10
Total	$	362,087

Federal Home Loan Bank and Federal Reserve Bank Borrowings (Tables) - Federal Home Loan Bank Advances [Member]

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2022

Debt Instrument [Line Items]

Schedule of Maturities of Long-term Debt

At December 31, 2022, FHLB advances were scheduled to mature as follows:


	Federal Home Loan Bank Advances Fixed rate advances
	Weighted Average Rate		Amount

	(dollars in thousands)
Within 1 year	4.42	%	$	949,000


Due after 10 years	5.37	%	5,000
Total			954,000
Valuation adjustment from acquisition accounting			315
Total			$	954,315

Debt Instrument Activity For Year

The maximum, average outstanding and year end balances and average interest rates on advances from the FHLB were as follows for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020:


	Years ended December 31,
	2022			2021			2020

	(dollars in thousands)
Balance at end of period	$	954,315		$	7,359		$	7,414
Average balance during period	$	112,012		$	7,388		$	341,643
Maximum month end balance during period	$	954,315		$	7,409		$	1,005,464
Weighted average rate during period	4.23		%	4.94		%	1.82		%
Weighted average rate at December 31	4.43		%	4.94		%	4.94		%

Derivatives and Balance Sheet Offsetting (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2022

Derivative [Line Items]

Schedule of Fair Value Derivative Instruments

The following table presents the fair value of derivatives, as well as their classification on the Balance Sheet at December 31, 2022 and 2021:


	Asset Derivatives						Liability Derivatives
	2022			2021			2022			2021
	Balance Sheet Location	Fair Value		Balance Sheet Location	Fair Value		Balance Sheet Location	Fair Value		Balance Sheet Location	Fair Value

		(in thousands)


Derivatives not designated as hedging instruments:
Interest rate lock commitments	Other assets	$	—	Other assets	$	356	Other liabilities	$	—	Other liabilities	$	—
Interest rate forward loan sales contracts	Other assets	$	—	Other assets	$	—	Other liabilities	$	—	Other liabilities	$	27
Interest rate swap contracts	Other assets	$	40,289	Other assets	$	24,257	Other liabilities	$	40,289	Other liabilities	$	24,257

Schedule of Cash Flow Hedges Included in Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)

The table below presents the effect of cash flow hedge accounting on accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021:


	Amount of Gain or (Loss) Recognized in Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income on Derivative				Location of Gain or (Loss) Reclassified from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income into Income	Amount of Gain or (Loss) Reclassified from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income into Income
	Years Ended December 31,					Years Ended December 31,
	2022		2021			2022		2021

	(in thousands)
Interest rate collar	$	—	$	—	Interest income	$	10,441	$	10,441

Derivative Instruments not designated as hedging, Gain (Loss)

The following table summarizes the types of derivatives not designated as hedging instruments and the gains (losses) recorded during the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020:


	Years ended December 31,
	2022		2021		2020

	(in thousands)
Interest rate lock commitments	$	(356)	$	(740)	$	1,096
Interest rate forward loan sales contracts	27		139		(165)
Interest rate swap contracts	—		50		(452)
Total derivative gains (losses)	$	(329)	$	(551)	$	479

Balance Sheet Offsetting

The following tables show the gross interest rate swap contracts, collar agreements and repurchase agreements in the Consolidated Balance Sheets and the respective collateral received or pledged in the form of cash or other financial instruments. The collateral amounts in these tables are limited to the outstanding balances of the related asset or liability. Therefore, instances of overcollateralization are not shown.


	Gross Amounts of Recognized Assets/Liabilities		Gross Amounts Offset in the Consolidated Balance Sheets		Net Amounts of Assets/Liabilities Presented in the Consolidated Balance Sheets		Gross Amounts Not Offset in the Consolidated Balance Sheets
							Collateral Pledged/Received		Net Amount

December 31, 2022	(in thousands)
Assets
Interest rate swap contracts	$	40,289	$	—	$	40,289	$	(39,450)	$	839

Liabilities
Interest rate swap contracts	$	40,289	$	—	$	40,289	$	(180)	$	40,109
Repurchase agreements	$	95,168	$	—	$	95,168	$	(95,168)	$	—

December 31, 2021
Assets
Interest rate swap contracts	$	24,257	$	—	$	24,257	$	(450)	$	23,807

Liabilities
Interest rate swap contracts	$	24,257	$	—	$	24,257	$	(20,747)	$	3,510
Repurchase agreements	$	86,013	$	—	$	86,013	$	(86,013)	$	—

Available-for-sale Securities

Derivative [Line Items]

Schedule of Financial Instruments Owned and Pledged as Collateral

The following table presents the class of collateral pledged for repurchase agreements as well as the remaining contractual maturity of the repurchase agreements:


	Remaining contractual maturity of the agreements
	Overnight and continuous		Up to 30 days		30 - 90 days		Greater than 90 days		Total

December 31, 2022	(in thousands)
Class of collateral pledged for repurchase agreements
U.S. government agency and government-sponsored enterprise mortgage-backed securities and collateralized mortgage obligations	$	95,168	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	95,168
Gross amount of recognized liabilities for repurchase agreements									95,168
Amounts related to agreements not included in offsetting disclosure									$	—

Employee Benefit Plans (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2022

Employee Benefit [Line Items]

Schedule of Accumulated and Projected Benefit Obligations

The following table reconciles the accumulated liability for the projected benefit obligation:


	December 31,
	2022		2021

	(in thousands)
Balance, beginning of year	$	32,094	$	27,402
Established through acquisitions	—		4,889
Actuarial loss (gain)	(5,850)		(732)

Benefit expense	1,854		1,735
Benefit payments	(1,567)		(1,200)
Balance, end of year	$	26,531	$	32,094

SERP

Employee Benefit [Line Items]

Schedule of Expected Benefit Payments

The benefits expected to be paid in conjunction with the SERP are presented in the following table:


	Years Ending December 31,
	(in thousands)
2023	$	1,856
2024	2,155
2025	2,348
2026	2,311
2027	2,294
2028 through 2032	9,553
Total	$	20,517

Shareholders' Equity Dividends declared (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2022

Equity [Abstract]

Dividends Declared

The following summarizes the dividend activity for the year ended December 31, 2022:

Declared

Regular Cash Dividends Per Common Share

Record Date

Paid Date

January 19, 2022

$

0.30

February 2, 2022

February 16, 2022

April 21, 2022

$

0.30

May 4, 2022

May 18, 2022

July 21, 2022

$

0.30

August 3, 2022

August 17, 2022

October 5, 2022

$

0.30

October 17, 2022

October 28, 2022

Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2022

Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income [Abstract]

Schedule of Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)

The following table shows changes in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) by component for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020:


	Unrealized Gains and Losses on Available for Sale Securities (1)		Unrealized Gains and Losses on Pension Plan Liability (1)		Unrealized Gains and Losses on Hedging Instruments (1)		Total (1)

Year Ended December 31, 2022	(in thousands)
Beginning balance	$	23,134	$	(4,812)	$	16,840	$	35,162

Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications	(536,262)		4,533		—		(531,729)
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income (2)	(6,067)		402		(8,263)		(13,928)
Net current-period other comprehensive income (loss)	(542,329)		4,935		(8,263)		(545,657)
Ending balance	$	(519,195)	$	123	$	8,577	$	(510,495)
Year Ended December 31, 2021
Beginning balance	$	163,174	$	(5,833)	$	24,854	$	182,195
Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications	(137,482)		562		—		(136,920)
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income (2)	(2,558)		459		(8,014)		(10,113)
Net current-period other comprehensive income (loss)	(140,040)		1,021		(8,014)		(147,033)
Ending balance	$	23,134	$	(4,812)	$	16,840	$	35,162
Year Ended December 31, 2020
Beginning balance	$	33,038	$	(3,974)	$	11,303	$	40,367
Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications	130,355		(2,177)		20,012		148,190
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income (2)	(219)		318		(6,461)		(6,362)
Net current-period other comprehensive income (loss)	130,136		(1,859)		13,551		141,828
Ending balance	$	163,174	$	(5,833)	$	24,854	$	182,195

__________

(1) All amounts are net of tax. Amounts in parentheses indicate debits.

(2) See following table for details about these reclassifications.

Reclassification out of Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income

The following table shows details regarding the reclassifications from accumulated other comprehensive income for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020:


	Amount Reclassified from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income						Affected line Item in the Consolidated Statement of Income
	Years Ended December 31,
	2022		2021		2020

	(in thousands)
Unrealized gains (losses) on available for sale debt securities	$	(9)	$	315	$	285	Investment securities gains (losses), net
Amortization of unrealized gains related to securities transfer	7,814		3,018		—		Taxable securities
	7,805		3,333		285		Total before tax
	(1,738)		(775)		(66)		Income tax provision
	$	6,067	$	2,558	$	219	Net of tax

Amortization of pension plan liability actuarial losses	$	(524)	$	(598)	$	(414)	Compensation and employee benefits
	(524)		(598)		(414)		Total before tax
	122		139		96		Income tax provision
	$	(402)	$	(459)	$	(318)	Net of tax

Unrealized gains from hedging instruments	$	10,441	$	10,441	$	8,418	Loans
	10,441		10,441		8,418		Total before tax
	(2,178)		(2,427)		(1,957)		Income tax provision
	$	8,263	$	8,014	$	6,461	Net of tax

Fair Value Accounting and Measurement (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2022

Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]

Schedule of Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring Basis

The following table sets forth the Company’s financial assets and liabilities that were accounted for at fair value on a recurring basis at December 31, 2022 and 2021 by level within the fair value hierarchy. Financial assets and liabilities are classified in their entirety based on the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement:


	Fair Value at December 31, 2022		Fair Value Measurements at Reporting Date Using
			Level 1		Level 2		Level 3

	(in thousands)
Assets
Debt securities available for sale:
U.S. government agency and government-sponsored enterprise mortgage-backed securities and collateralized mortgage obligations	$	2,759,710	$	—	$	2,759,710	$	—
Other asset-backed securities	327,353		—		327,353		—
State and municipal securities	834,073		—		834,073		—
U.S. government agency and government-sponsored enterprise securities	208,769		—		208,769		—
U.S. government securities	167,896		167,896		—		—
Non-agency collateralized mortgage obligations	291,298		—		291,298		—
Total debt securities available for sale	$	4,589,099	$	167,896	$	4,421,203	$	—
Loans held for sale	$	907	$	—	$	907	$	—
Other assets:

Interest rate swap contracts	$	40,289	$	—	$	40,289	$	—

Liabilities
Other liabilities:

Interest rate swap contracts	$	40,289	$	—	$	40,289	$	—


	Fair Value at December 31, 2021		Fair Value Measurements at Reporting Date Using
			Level 1		Level 2		Level 3

	(in thousands)
Assets
Debt securities available for sale:
U.S. government agency and government-sponsored enterprise mortgage-backed securities and collateralized mortgage obligations	$	3,745,601	$	—	$	3,745,601	$	—
Other asset-backed securities	463,063		—		463,063		—
State and municipal securities	997,291		—		997,291		—
U.S. government agency and government-sponsored enterprise securities	252,576		—		252,576		—
U.S. government securities	157,536		157,536		—		—
Non-agency collateralized mortgage obligations	294,932		—		294,932		—
Total debt securities available for sale	$	5,910,999	$	157,536	$	5,753,463	$	—
Loans held for sale	$	9,570	$	—	$	9,570	$	—
Other assets:
Interest rate lock commitments	$	356	$	—	$	—	$	356
Interest rate swap contracts	$	24,257	$	—	$	24,257	$	—

Liabilities
Other liabilities:
Interest rate forward loan sales contracts	$	27	$	—	$	27	$	—
Interest rate swap contracts	$	24,257	$	—	$	24,257	$	—

Fair Value, Assets Measured on Recurring Basis, Unobservable Input Reconciliation

The following table includes a rollforward of interest rate lock commitments which utilize Level 3 inputs to determine the fair value on a recurring basis.


	Years Ended December 31,
	2022		2021

	(in thousands)
Balance at the beginning of the period	$	356	$	1,096
Change included in earnings	215		7,051
Settlements	(571)		(7,791)
Balance at the end of the period	$	—	$	356

Equity Securities without Readily Determinable Fair Value

Financial Assets Accounted For Fair Value On Nonrecurring Basis

The following table sets forth the Company’s assets that were measured using fair value estimates on a nonrecurring basis during the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021:


	Fair Value at December 31, 2022		Fair Value Measurements at Reporting Date Using						Gains (Losses) During the Year Ended December 31, 2022
			Level 1		Level 2		Level 3

	(in thousands)
Collateral dependent loans	$	195	$	—	$	—	$	195	$	(1,561)


	Fair Value at December 31, 2021		Fair Value Measurements at Reporting Date Using						Gains (Losses) During the Year Ended December 31, 2021
			Level 1		Level 2		Level 3

	(in thousands)
Collateral dependent loans	$	7,615	$	—	$	—	$	7,615	$	(1,976)
OREO	375		—		—		375		(140)

Fair Value, by Balance Sheet Grouping

The following tables summarize carrying amounts and estimated fair values of selected financial instruments for the periods indicated:


	December 31, 2022
	Carrying Amount		Fair Value		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3

	(in thousands)
Assets
Cash and due from banks	$	262,458	$	262,458	$	262,458	$	—	$	—
Interest-earning deposits with banks	29,283		29,283		29,283		—		—
Debt securities available for sale	4,589,099		4,589,099		167,896		4,421,203		—
Debt securities held to maturity	2,034,792		1,722,778		—		1,722,778		—
FHLB stock	48,160		48,160		—		48,160		—
Loans held for sale	76,843		76,843		—		76,843		—
Loans	11,452,535		11,072,802		—		—		11,072,802
Interest rate contracts	40,289		40,289		—		40,289		—



Liabilities
Time deposits	$	362,087	$	351,084	$	—	$	351,084	$	—
FHLB advances and FRB borrowings	954,315		954,147		—		954,147		—
Repurchase agreements	95,168		95,168		—		95,168		—
Subordinated debentures	10,000		10,013		—		10,013		—
Junior subordinated debentures	10,310		9,919		—		9,919		—
Interest rate contracts	40,289		40,289		—		40,289		—


	December 31, 2021
	Carrying Amount		Fair Value		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3

	(in thousands)
Assets
Cash and due from banks	$	153,414	$	153,414	$	153,414	$	—	$	—
Interest-earning deposits with banks	671,300		671,300		671,300		—		—
Debt securities available for sale	5,910,999		5,910,999		157,536		5,753,463		—
Debt securities held to maturity	2,148,327		2,122,606		—		2,122,606		—
FHLB stock	10,280		10,280		—		10,280		—
Loans held for sale	9,774		9,774		—		9,774		—
Loans	10,486,359		10,679,349		—		—		10,679,349
Interest rate contracts	24,257		24,257		—		24,257		—

Interest rate lock commitments	356		356		—		—		356
Liabilities
Time deposits	$	445,957	$	430,682	$	—	$	430,682	$	—
FHLB advances and FRB borrowings	7,359		8,752		—		8,752		—
Repurchase agreements	86,013		86,013		—		86,013		—
Subordinated debentures	10,000		10,125		—		10,125		—
Junior subordinated debentures	10,310		9,927		—		9,927		—
Interest rate contracts	24,257		24,257		—		24,257		—
Interest rate forward loan sales contracts	27		27		—		27		—

Fair Value, Inputs, Level 3 | Fair Value, Recurring

Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]

Fair Value Assets and Liabilities Measured on recurring basis valuation technique

The following table provides a description of the valuation technique, significant unobservable inputs, and qualitative information about the unobservable inputs for the Company’s assets and liabilities classified as Level 3 and measured at fair value on a recurring basis at December 31, 2021. The Company did not have recurring Level 3 fair value measurements at December 31, 2022.

Fair Value at December 31, 2021

Valuation Technique

Unobservable Input

Range (Weighted Average)

(dollars in thousands)

Interest rate lock commitments

$

356

Internal pricing model

Pull-through rate

80.22% - 96.59%

(87.84%)

Fair Value, Inputs, Level 3 | Fair Value, Nonrecurring

Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]

Fair value assets measured on nonrecurring basis valuation technique

The range and weighted average of the significant unobservable inputs used to fair value our Level 3 nonrecurring assets during 2022 and 2021, along with the valuation techniques used, are shown in the following tables:

Fair Value at December 31, 2022

Valuation Technique

Unobservable Input

Range (Weighted Average)

(dollars in thousands)

Collateral dependent loans (1)

$

195

Fair Market Value of Collateral

Adjustment to Stated Value

N/A (2)

__________

(1) Collateral consists of real estate.

(2) Quantitative disclosures are not provided for collateral dependent loans because there were no adjustments made to the appraisal values or stated values during the period.

Fair Value at December 31, 2021

Valuation Technique

Unobservable Input

Range (Weighted Average) (1)

(dollars in thousands)

Collateral dependent loans (2)

$

7,615

Fair Market Value of Collateral

Adjustment to Stated Value

0.00% - 100.00%

(48.00%)

OREO

$

375

Fair Market Value of Collateral

Adjustment to Appraisal Value

N/A (3)

__________

(1) Adjustment applied to appraisal value and stated value (in the case of fixed assets, accounts receivable and inventory).

(2) Collateral consists of accounts receivable, inventory, fixed assets, intangible assets and real estate.

(3) Quantitative disclosures are not provided for OREO because there were no adjustments made to the appraisal values or stated values during the period.

Earnings Per Common Share (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2022

Earnings Per Share [Abstract]

Schedule of Basic and Diluted Earnings Per Share

The following table sets forth the computation of basic and diluted EPS for the periods indicated:


	Years Ended December 31,
	2022		2021		2020

	(in thousands except per share amounts)
Basic EPS:
Net income	$	250,178	$	202,820	$	154,244
Less: Earnings allocated to participating securities

Nonvested restricted shares	50		330		712
Earnings allocated to common shareholders	$	250,128	$	202,490	$	153,532
Weighted average common shares outstanding	78,047		72,683		70,835
Basic earnings per common share	$	3.20	$	2.79	$	2.17
Diluted EPS:
Earnings allocated to common shareholders	$	250,128	$	202,490	$	153,532
Weighted average common shares outstanding	78,047		72,683		70,835
Dilutive effect of equity awards and warrants	146		190		45
Weighted average diluted common shares outstanding	78,193		72,873		70,880
Diluted earnings per common share	$	3.20	$	2.78	$	2.17
Potentially dilutive RSAs and RSUs that were not included in the computation of diluted EPS because to do so would be anti-dilutive	179		212		289

Share-Based Payments (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2022

Share-Based Payment Arrangement [Abstract]

Schedule of Nonvested Restricted Stock Units Activity

A summary of changes in the Company’s nonvested RSUs and related information for the year ended December 31, 2022 is presented below:


	Units	Weighted Average Grant-Date Fair Value




Nonvested at December 31, 2020	111,901	$	32.85
Granted	86,713	$	47.11
Vested	(12,994)	$	33.48
Forfeited	(3,050)	$	33.71
Nonvested at December 31, 2021	182,570	$	40.05
Granted	136,928	$	35.80
Vested	(22,566)	$	39.04

Nonvested at December 31, 2022	296,932	$	38.16

Schedule of Nonvested Restricted Share Award Activity

A summary of changes in the Company’s nonvested RSAs and related information for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020 is presented below:


	Shares	Weighted Average Grant-Date Fair Value
Nonvested at January 1, 2020	889,017	$	36.96
Granted	299,007	$	33.64
Vested	(231,805)	$	35.01
Forfeited	(90,588)	$	36.50
Nonvested at December 31, 2020	865,631	$	36.38
Granted	257,298	$	44.83
Vested	(324,222)	$	37.57
Forfeited	(75,696)	$	36.76
Nonvested at December 31, 2021	723,011	$	38.57
Granted	262,571	$	35.32
Vested	(335,115)	$	38.58
Forfeited	(109,104)	$	33.39
Nonvested at December 31, 2022	541,363	$	37.89

Income Tax (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2022

Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]

Schedule of Components of Income Tax Expense (Benefit)

The components of income tax expense are as follows:


	Years Ended December 31,
	2022		2021		2020

	(in thousands)
Current expense:
Federal	$	60,771	$	50,708	$	44,094
State	12,811		9,610		7,822
Total current tax expense	$	73,582	$	60,318	$	51,916
Deferred tax expense (benefit):
Federal	$	(5,156)	$	(5,445)	$	(12,078)
State	(957)		(1,184)		(1,690)
Total deferred tax benefit	(6,113)		(6,629)		(13,768)
Total	$	67,469	$	53,689	$	38,148

Schedule of Deferred Tax Assets and Liabilities

Significant components of the Company’s deferred tax assets and liabilities are as follows:


	December 31,
	2022		2021

	(in thousands)
Deferred tax assets:
ACL	$	40,054	$	39,378
Lease liability	14,088		15,973
Deferred compensation	13,619		14,887
Stock options and restricted stock	3,751		3,186
OREO	—		50
Nonaccrual interest	120		118

Unrealized loss on investment securities	164,697		—
Net operating losses and credit carryforwards	2,404		2,898

Other	3,134		1,824
Total deferred tax assets	241,867		78,314
Deferred tax liabilities:
Asset purchase tax basis difference	(4,083)		(5,052)
Right of use asset	(12,792)		(14,510)
FHLB stock dividends	(810)		(810)
Deferred loan fees	(6,205)		(5,957)
Unrealized gain on investment securities	—		(7,254)
Unrealized gain on equity securities	(3,231)		(3,231)
Purchase accounting	(11,106)		(14,211)
Depreciation	(3,112)		(3,304)
Cash flow hedge	(2,767)		(5,280)
Other	(144)		(130)
Total deferred tax liabilities	(44,250)		(59,739)
Net deferred tax asset	$	197,617	$	18,575

Schedule of Effective Income Tax Rate Reconciliation

A reconciliation of the Company’s effective income tax rate with the federal statutory tax rate is as follows:


	Years Ended December 31,
	2022				2021				2020
	Amount		Percent		Amount		Percent		Amount		Percent

	(dollars in thousands)
Income tax based on statutory rate	$	66,706	21	%	$	53,867	21	%	$	40,402	21	%
Increase (decrease) resulting from:

Tax exempt instruments	(6,864)		(2)	%	(6,306)		(2)	%	(5,987)		(3)	%
Bank owned life insurance	(1,806)		(1)	%	(1,444)		(1)	%	(1,348)		(1)	%


State income tax, net of federal benefit	9,364		3	%	7,892		3	%	4,844		3	%
Other, net	69		—	%	(320)		—	%	237		—	%
Income tax provision	$	67,469	21	%	$	53,689	21	%	$	38,148	20	%

Regulatory Capital Requirements (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2022

Broker-Dealer, Net Capital Requirement, SEC Regulation [Abstract]

Schedule of Compliance with Regulatory Capital Requirements under Banking Regulations

The Company and its banking subsidiary’s actual capital amounts and ratios as of December 31, 2022 and 2021 are presented in the following table:


	Actual				Minimum Required For Capital Adequacy Purposes				Minimum Required Plus Capital Conservation Buffer				To Be Well Capitalized Under Prompt Corrective Action Provision
	Amount		Ratio		Amount		Ratio		Amount		Ratio		Amount		Ratio

	(dollars in thousands)
December 31, 2022
CET1 Capital (to risk-weighted assets):
The Company	$	1,885,860	12.87	%	$	659,248	4.50	%	$	1,025,498	7.00	%	N/A		N/A
Columbia Bank	$	1,892,755	12.93	%	$	658,773	4.50	%	$	1,024,758	7.00	%	$	951,561	6.50	%
Tier 1 Capital (to risk-weighted assets):
The Company	$	1,885,860	12.87	%	$	878,998	6.00	%	$	1,245,247	8.50	%	N/A		N/A
Columbia Bank	$	1,892,755	12.93	%	$	878,364	6.00	%	$	1,244,349	8.50	%	$	1,171,152	8.00	%
Total Capital (to risk-weighted assets):
The Company	$	2,048,700	13.98	%	$	1,171,997	8.00	%	$	1,538,246	10.50	%	N/A		N/A
Columbia Bank	$	2,045,595	13.97	%	$	1,171,152	8.00	%	$	1,537,137	10.50	%	$	1,463,940	10.00	%
Tier 1 Capital Leverage (to average assets):
The Company	$	1,885,860	9.34	%	$	807,791	4.00	%	$	807,791	4.00	%	N/A		N/A
Columbia Bank	$	1,892,755	9.47	%	$	799,485	4.00	%	$	799,485	4.00	%	$	999,356	5.00	%
December 31, 2021
CET1 Capital (to risk-weighted assets):
The Company	$	1,710,981	13.01	%	$	591,585	4.50	%	$	920,244	7.00	%	N/A		N/A
Columbia Bank	$	1,716,186	13.06	%	$	591,154	4.50	%	$	919,754	7.00	%	$	853,890	6.50	%
Tier 1 Capital (to risk-weighted assets):
The Company	$	1,710,981	13.01	%	$	788,780	6.00	%	$	1,117,439	8.50	%	N/A		N/A
Columbia Bank	$	1,716,186	13.06	%	$	788,206	6.00	%	$	1,116,625	8.50	%	$	1,050,941	8.00	%
Total Capital (to risk-weighted assets):
The Company	$	1,868,192	14.21	%	$	1,051,707	8.00	%	$	1,380,366	10.50	%	N/A		N/A
Columbia Bank	$	1,863,397	14.18	%	$	1,050,941	8.00	%	$	1,379,360	10.50	%	$	1,313,677	10.00	%
Tier 1 Capital Leverage (to average assets):
The Company	$	1,710,981	8.55	%	$	800,615	4.00	%	$	800,615	4.00	%	N/A		N/A
Columbia Bank	$	1,716,186	8.60	%	$	798,206	4.00	%	$	798,206	4.00	%	$	997,757	5.00	%

Parent Company Financial Information (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2022

Condensed Financial Information Disclosure [Abstract]

Condensed Balance Sheets - Parent Company Only

Condensed Balance Sheets—Parent Company Only


	December 31,
	2022		2021

	(in thousands)
Assets
Cash	$	8,514	$	1,979
Interest-earning deposits	—		3,786
Total cash and cash equivalents	8,514		5,765
Investment in banking subsidiary	2,215,486		2,589,218
Investment in other subsidiaries	7,942		7,175
Goodwill	4,729		4,729
Other assets	3,169		2,525
Total assets	$	2,239,840	$	2,609,412
Liabilities and Shareholders’ Equity
Subordinated debentures	$	10,000	$	10,000
Junior subordinated debentures	10,310		10,310
Other liabilities	6,377		360
Total liabilities	26,687		20,670
Shareholders’ equity	2,213,153		2,588,742
Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity	$	2,239,840	$	2,609,412

Condensed Statements of Income - Parent Company Only

Condensed Statements of Income—Parent Company Only


	Years Ended December 31,
	2022		2021		2020

	(in thousands)
Income
Dividend from banking subsidiary	$	85,004	$	108,000	$	89,000
Dividend from other subsidiaries	711		500		—
Interest-earning deposits	15		16		13
Other income	60		36		37
Total income	85,790		108,552		89,050
Expense
Compensation and employee benefits	823		856		758
Subordinated debentures interest expense	807		1,932		1,871
Other borrowings interest expense	339		52		12
Other expense	8,524		3,542		1,943
Total expenses	10,493		6,382		4,584
Income before income tax benefit and equity in undistributed earnings of subsidiaries	75,297		102,170		84,466
Income tax benefit	(2,188)		(1,329)		(952)
Income before equity in undistributed earnings of subsidiaries	77,485		103,499		85,418
Equity in undistributed earnings of subsidiaries	172,693		99,321		68,826
Net income	$	250,178	$	202,820	$	154,244

Condensed Statements of Cash Flows - Parent Company Only

Condensed Statements of Cash Flows—Parent Company Only


	Years Ended December 31,
	2022		2021		2020

	(in thousands)
Operating Activities
Net income	$	250,178	$	202,820	$	154,244
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:
Equity in undistributed earnings of subsidiaries	(172,693)		(99,321)		(68,826)
Stock-based compensation expense	16,158		14,926		10,737
Net changes in other assets and liabilities	5,379		(1,436)		(17)
Net cash provided by operating activities	99,022		116,989		96,138
Investing Activities
Net cash received in business combinations	—		2,173		—
Net cash provided by investing activities	—		2,173		—
Financing Activities

Common stock dividends	(94,394)		(83,841)		(96,215)
Repayment of subordinated debentures	—		(35,000)		—


Purchase and retirement of common stock	(3,989)		(4,140)		(2,522)
Purchase of treasury shares	—		—		(20,000)
Proceeds from exercise of stock options	2,110		2,350		2,028

Net cash used in financing activities	(96,273)		(120,631)		(116,709)
Increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents	2,749		(1,469)		(20,571)
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of year	5,765		7,234		27,805
Cash and cash equivalents at end of year	$	8,514	$	5,765	$	7,234

Supplemental disclosure of noncash investing and financing activities:
Common stock issued in connection with acquisition	$	—	$	256,061	$	—

Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2022

Revenue from Contract with Customer [Abstract]

Disaggregation of Revenue

The following table shows the disaggregation of revenue from contracts with customers for the period indicated:


	Years Ended December 31,
	2022		2021		2020

	(in thousands)
Noninterest income:
Revenue from contracts with customers:
Deposit account and treasury management fees	$	31,498	$	27,107	$	27,019
Card revenue	20,186		18,503		13,928
Financial services and trust revenue	17,659		15,753		12,830
Total revenue from contracts with customers	69,343		61,363		53,777
Other sources of noninterest income	29,801		32,731		50,723
Total noninterest income	$	99,144	$	94,094	$	104,500

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Details)	12 Months Ended
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Details)	Dec. 31, 2022 USD ($) location
Accounting Policies [Line Items]
Number Of Branch Locations	152
Number Of Days Used To Determine Treatment As Cash Equivalent	90 days
FHLB membership stock purchase requirement cap \| $	$ 10,000,000
Federal Home Loan Bank stock, par value \| $	$ 100
Number of Days of Delinquency at Which Loans Are Categorized As Non Accrual Status	90 days
WASHINGTON
Accounting Policies [Line Items]
Number Of Branch Locations	67
OREGON
Accounting Policies [Line Items]
Number Of Branch Locations	59
IDAHO
Accounting Policies [Line Items]
Number Of Branch Locations	15
CALIFORNIA
Accounting Policies [Line Items]
Number Of Branch Locations	11
Vehicles
Accounting Policies [Line Items]
Property, Plant and Equipment, Estimated Useful Lives	5
Minimum \| Building and Building Improvements [Member]
Accounting Policies [Line Items]
Property, Plant and Equipment, Estimated Useful Lives	5
Minimum \| Furniture and Fixtures
Accounting Policies [Line Items]
Property, Plant and Equipment, Estimated Useful Lives	3
Minimum \| Software
Accounting Policies [Line Items]
Property, Plant and Equipment, Estimated Useful Lives	3
Maximum \| Building and Building Improvements [Member]
Accounting Policies [Line Items]
Property, Plant and Equipment, Estimated Useful Lives	39
Maximum \| Furniture and Fixtures
Accounting Policies [Line Items]
Property, Plant and Equipment, Estimated Useful Lives	7
Maximum \| Software
Accounting Policies [Line Items]
Property, Plant and Equipment, Estimated Useful Lives	5
Designated as Hedging Instrument \| Interest rate collar
Accounting Policies [Line Items]
Derivative, Notional Amount \| $	$ 500,000,000

Business Combinations and Asset Acquisitions - Assets acquired and liabilities assumed (Details) - Bank of Commerce $ in Thousands	Oct. 01, 2021 USD ($)
Asset Acquisition [Line Items]
Merger consideration	$ 256,257
Business Combination, Recognized Identifiable Assets Acquired and Liabilities Assumed, Cash and Equivalents	155,180
Business Acquisition, Purchase Price Allocation, Current Assets, Investment Securities	654,480
Business Acquisition, Purchase Price Allocation, FHLB Stock	7,463
Business Combination, Acquired Loans, net of allowance for credit loss	1,084,984
Business Acquisition, Purchase Price Allocation, Accrued Interest Receivable	5,237
Business Combination, Recognized Identifiable Assets Acquired and Liabilities Assumed, Property, Plant, and Equipment	17,658
Business Combination, Purchase Price Allocation, Core Deposit Intangible	15,932
Business Combination, Purchase Price Allocation, Other Assets	41,963
Business Combination, Recognized Identifiable Assets Acquired and Liabilities Assumed, Assets	1,982,897
Business Acquisition, Purchase Price Allocation, Liabilities, Deposits	1,737,584
Business Combination, Purchase Price Allocation, Subordinated Debt	10,000
Business Combination, Purchase Price Allocation, Junior Subordinated Debentures	10,310
Business Combination, Purchase Price Allocation, Other Liabilities	26,076
Business Combination, Recognized Identifiable Assets Acquired and Liabilities Assumed, Liabilities	1,783,970
Business Combination, Recognized Identifiable Assets Acquired and Liabilities Assumed, Net	198,927
Business Combination, Purchase Price Allocation, Goodwill Amount	$ 57,330

Business Combinations and Asset Acquisitions - PCD (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands		12 Months Ended
	Oct. 01, 2021	Dec. 31, 2021
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Initial ACL recorded for PCD loans acquired		$ 2,616
Bank of Commerce
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Par Value of PCD loans acquired	$ 43,419
Financing Receivable, Purchased with Credit Deterioration, Allowance for Credit Loss at Acquisition Date	(2,616)
Financing Receivable, Purchased with Credit Deterioration, Discount (Premium)	(525)
Initial ACL recorded for PCD loans acquired	$ 40,278

Business Combinations and Asset Acquisitions - Proforma (Details) - USD ($) $ / shares in Units, $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Business Acquisition, Pro Forma Revenue	$ 664,875	$ 660,857
Business Acquisition, Pro Forma Net Income (Loss)	$ 221,637	$ 164,087
Business Acquisition, Pro Forma Earnings Per Share, Basic	$ 2.85	$ 2.11
Business Acquisition, Pro Forma Earnings Per Share, Diluted	$ 2.84	$ 2.10

Business Combinations and Asset Acquisitions - acquisition-related expenses (Details) - Bank of Commerce - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
Asset Acquisition [Line Items]
Business Combination, Acquisition Related Costs	$ 5,593	$ 10,370	$ 0
Compensation and employee benefits [Member]
Asset Acquisition [Line Items]
Business Combination, Acquisition Related Costs	1,753	4,875	0
Occupancy [Member]
Asset Acquisition [Line Items]
Business Combination, Acquisition Related Costs	928	271	0
Data processing [Member]
Asset Acquisition [Line Items]
Business Combination, Acquisition Related Costs	1,584	287	0
Legal and professional fees [Member]
Asset Acquisition [Line Items]
Business Combination, Acquisition Related Costs	414	4,429	0
Advertising and promotion [Member]
Asset Acquisition [Line Items]
Business Combination, Acquisition Related Costs	18	9	0
Other noninterest expenses [Member]
Asset Acquisition [Line Items]
Business Combination, Acquisition Related Costs	$ 896	$ 499	$ 0

Business Combinations and Asset Acquisitions - Narrative (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands		12 Months Ended
	Oct. 01, 2021	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Acquired PCD loans			$ 2,616
Bank of Commerce
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Business Combination, Purchase Price Allocation, Goodwill Amount	$ 57,330
Business Combination, Purchase Price Allocation, Amortizable Intangible Assets	15,932
Business Combination, net loans acquired	1,084,984
Acquired PCD loans	$ 40,278
Business Combination, Acquisition Related Costs		$ 5,593	$ 10,370	$ 0
Umpqua
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Business Combination, Acquisition Related Costs		$ 13,500

Cash and Cash Equivalents (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Federal Reserve Bank [Member]
Restricted Cash and Cash Equivalents Items [Line Items]
Restricted Cash and Cash Equivalents	$ 0.0	$ 0.0

Securities - Debt Securities (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Debt Securities [Line Items]
Debt Securities Available-for-Sale, Amortized Cost	$ 5,282,846	$ 5,898,041
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale, Accumulated Gross Unrealized Gain, before Tax	583	70,839
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale, Accumulated Gross Unrealized Loss, before Tax	(694,330)	(57,881)
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale	4,589,099	5,910,999
Debt Securities, Held-to-Maturity, Amortized Cost, after Allowance for Credit Loss, Total	2,034,792	2,148,327
Debt Securities, Held-to-maturity, Accumulated Unrecognized Gain	0	50
Debt Securities, Held-to-maturity, Accumulated Unrecognized Loss	(312,014)	(25,771)
Debt Securities, Held-to-maturity, Fair Value	1,722,778	2,122,606
U.S. Government Agency and Government-Sponsored Enterprise Mortgage-Backed Securities and Collateralized Mortgage Obligations
Debt Securities [Line Items]
Debt Securities Available-for-Sale, Amortized Cost	3,188,381	3,738,616
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale, Accumulated Gross Unrealized Gain, before Tax	382	45,077
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale, Accumulated Gross Unrealized Loss, before Tax	(429,053)	(38,092)
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale	2,759,710	3,745,601
Debt Securities, Held-to-Maturity, Amortized Cost, after Allowance for Credit Loss, Total	2,034,792	2,148,327
Debt Securities, Held-to-maturity, Accumulated Unrecognized Gain	0	50
Debt Securities, Held-to-maturity, Accumulated Unrecognized Loss	(312,014)	(25,771)
Debt Securities, Held-to-maturity, Fair Value	1,722,778	2,122,606
Asset-backed Securities
Debt Securities [Line Items]
Debt Securities Available-for-Sale, Amortized Cost	376,336	469,052
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale, Accumulated Gross Unrealized Gain, before Tax	0	3,802
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale, Accumulated Gross Unrealized Loss, before Tax	(48,983)	(9,791)
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale	327,353	463,063
State and Municipal Securities
Debt Securities [Line Items]
Debt Securities Available-for-Sale, Amortized Cost	959,469	983,704
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale, Accumulated Gross Unrealized Gain, before Tax	199	18,525
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale, Accumulated Gross Unrealized Loss, before Tax	(125,595)	(4,938)
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale	834,073	997,291
US Government Corporations and Agencies Securities [Member]
Debt Securities [Line Items]
Debt Securities Available-for-Sale, Amortized Cost	222,829	252,755
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale, Accumulated Gross Unrealized Gain, before Tax	2	3,095
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale, Accumulated Gross Unrealized Loss, before Tax	(14,062)	(3,274)
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale	208,769	252,576
US Government Securities
Debt Securities [Line Items]
Debt Securities Available-for-Sale, Amortized Cost	183,049	158,367
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale, Accumulated Gross Unrealized Gain, before Tax	0	0
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale, Accumulated Gross Unrealized Loss, before Tax	(15,153)	(831)
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale	167,896	157,536
Non-agency collateralized mortgage obligations
Debt Securities [Line Items]
Debt Securities Available-for-Sale, Amortized Cost	352,782	295,547
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale, Accumulated Gross Unrealized Gain, before Tax	0	340
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale, Accumulated Gross Unrealized Loss, before Tax	(61,484)	(955)
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale	$ 291,298	$ 294,932

Securities - Debt Securities - Summary of Gross Realized Gains and Losses (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
Investments, Debt and Equity Securities [Abstract]
Proceeds from sales and calls of debt securities, available-for-sale	$ 741	$ 89,219	$ 194,697
Gross realized gains from sales of debt securities available for sale	0	751	471
Gross realized losses from sales of debt securities available for sale	(9)	(437)	(186)
Other securities gains (losses)	0	0	16,425
Investment securities gain (loss), net	$ (9)	$ 314	$ 16,710

Securities - Equity Securities - unrealized gains and losses (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
Investments, Debt and Equity Securities [Abstract]
Gains recognized during the period on equity securities	$ 0	$ 0	$ 16,425
Less: Gains (losses) recognized during the period on equity securities sold during the period	0	0	(3,000)
Unrealized gains recognized during the reporting period on equity securities still held at the reporting date	$ 0	$ 0	$ 13,425

Securities (Schedule of Contractual Maturities of Debt Securities Available-for-Sale) (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale [Abstract]
Debt securities, available-for-sale, due within one year, Amortized Cost	$ 85,094
Debt securities, available-for-sale, due after one year through five years, Amortized Cost	1,132,895
Debt securities, available-for-sale, due after five years through ten years, Amortized Cost	1,106,689
Debt securities, available-for-sale, due after ten years, Amortized Cost	2,958,168
Debt Securities Available-for-Sale, Amortized Cost	5,282,846	$ 5,898,041
Debt securities, available-for-sale, due within one year, Fair Value	84,216
Debt securities, available-for-sale, due after one year through five years, Fair Value	1,055,150
Debt securities, available-for-sale, due after five years through ten years, Fair Value	973,108
Debt securities, available-for-sale, due after ten years, Fair Value	2,476,625
Debt Securities Available-for-Sale, Fair Value	4,589,099	5,910,999
Debt Securities, Held-to-Maturity, Amortized Cost, after Allowance for Credit Loss, Maturity, Allocated and Single Maturity Date, Year One	0
Debt Securities, Held-to-Maturity, Amortized Cost, after Allowance for Credit Loss, Maturity, Allocated and Single Maturity Date, after Year One through Five	301,515
Debt Securities, Held-to-Maturity, Amortized Cost, after Allowance for Credit Loss, Maturity, Allocated and Single Maturity Date, after Year Five through Ten	916,571
Debt Securities, Held-to-Maturity, Amortized Cost, after Allowance for Credit Loss, Maturity, Allocated and Single Maturity Date, after Year 10	816,706
Debt Securities, Held-to-Maturity, Amortized Cost, after Allowance for Credit Loss, Total	2,034,792	2,148,327
Debt Securities, Held-to-maturity, Maturity, Allocated and Single Maturity Date, Rolling within One Year, Fair Value	0
Debt Securities, Held-to-Maturity, Fair Value, Maturity, Allocated and Single Maturity Date, after Year One Through Five	265,831
Debt Securities, Held-to-Maturity, Fair Value, Maturity, Allocated and Single Maturity Date, after Year 5 Through 10	775,931
Debt Securities, Held-to-Maturity, Fair Value, Maturity, Allocated and Single Maturity Date, after Year 10	681,016
Debt Securities, Held-to-maturity, Fair Value, Total	$ 1,722,778	$ 2,122,606

Securities (Carrying Value of Securities Pledged as Collateral) (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale [Line Items]
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale, Restricted	$ 830,902	$ 962,788
To secure public funds
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale [Line Items]
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale, Restricted	564,150	596,779
To secure borrowings
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale [Line Items]
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale, Restricted	0	98,796
Other Securities
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale [Line Items]
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale, Restricted	$ 266,752	$ 267,213

Securities (Summary of Gross Unrealized Losses and Fair Value of Debt Securities Available-for-Sale with Unrealized Losses) (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale [Line Items]
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale, Continuous Unrealized Loss Position, Less than 12 Months	$ 1,202,775	$ 3,195,732
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale, Continuous Unrealized Loss Position, Less than 12 Months, Accumulated Loss	(85,581)	(43,236)
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale, Continuous Unrealized Loss Position, 12 Months or Longer	3,328,941	383,754
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale, Continuous Unrealized Loss Position, 12 Months or Longer, Accumulated Loss	(608,749)	(14,645)
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale, Unrealized Loss Position, Total	4,531,716	3,579,486
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale, Unrealized Loss Position, Accumulated Loss, Total	694,330	57,881
Asset-backed Securities
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale [Line Items]
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale, Continuous Unrealized Loss Position, Less than 12 Months	76,877	195,708
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale, Continuous Unrealized Loss Position, Less than 12 Months, Accumulated Loss	(7,579)	(4,823)
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale, Continuous Unrealized Loss Position, 12 Months or Longer	250,475	117,751
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale, Continuous Unrealized Loss Position, 12 Months or Longer, Accumulated Loss	(41,404)	(4,968)
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale, Unrealized Loss Position, Total	327,352	313,459
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale, Unrealized Loss Position, Accumulated Loss, Total	48,983	9,791
State and Municipal Securities
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale [Line Items]
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale, Continuous Unrealized Loss Position, Less than 12 Months	309,675	237,354
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale, Continuous Unrealized Loss Position, Less than 12 Months, Accumulated Loss	(23,690)	(3,862)
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale, Continuous Unrealized Loss Position, 12 Months or Longer	485,620	40,343
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale, Continuous Unrealized Loss Position, 12 Months or Longer, Accumulated Loss	(101,905)	(1,076)
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale, Unrealized Loss Position, Total	795,295	277,697
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale, Unrealized Loss Position, Accumulated Loss, Total	125,595	4,938
U.S. Government Agency and Government-Sponsored Enterprise Securities [Member]
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale [Line Items]
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale, Continuous Unrealized Loss Position, Less than 12 Months	68,656	100,813
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale, Continuous Unrealized Loss Position, Less than 12 Months, Accumulated Loss	(1,375)	(1,988)
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale, Continuous Unrealized Loss Position, 12 Months or Longer	139,364	48,714
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale, Continuous Unrealized Loss Position, 12 Months or Longer, Accumulated Loss	(12,687)	(1,286)
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale, Unrealized Loss Position, Total	208,020	149,527
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale, Unrealized Loss Position, Accumulated Loss, Total	14,062	3,274
U.S. Government Agency and Government-Sponsored Enterprise Mortgage-Backed Securities and Collateralized Mortgage Obligations
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale [Line Items]
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale, Continuous Unrealized Loss Position, Less than 12 Months	735,898	2,292,062
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale, Continuous Unrealized Loss Position, Less than 12 Months, Accumulated Loss	(50,201)	(30,777)
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale, Continuous Unrealized Loss Position, 12 Months or Longer	2,005,957	176,946
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale, Continuous Unrealized Loss Position, 12 Months or Longer, Accumulated Loss	(378,852)	(7,315)
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale, Unrealized Loss Position, Total	2,741,855	2,469,008
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale, Unrealized Loss Position, Accumulated Loss, Total	429,053	38,092
US Government Securities
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale [Line Items]
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale, Continuous Unrealized Loss Position, Less than 12 Months	0	157,536
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale, Continuous Unrealized Loss Position, Less than 12 Months, Accumulated Loss	0	(831)
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale, Continuous Unrealized Loss Position, 12 Months or Longer	167,896	0
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale, Continuous Unrealized Loss Position, 12 Months or Longer, Accumulated Loss	(15,153)	0
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale, Unrealized Loss Position, Total	167,896	157,536
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale, Unrealized Loss Position, Accumulated Loss, Total	15,153	831
Non-agency collateralized mortgage obligations
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale [Line Items]
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale, Continuous Unrealized Loss Position, Less than 12 Months	11,669	212,259
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale, Continuous Unrealized Loss Position, Less than 12 Months, Accumulated Loss	(2,736)	(955)
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale, Continuous Unrealized Loss Position, 12 Months or Longer	279,629	0
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale, Continuous Unrealized Loss Position, 12 Months or Longer, Accumulated Loss	(58,748)	0
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale, Unrealized Loss Position, Total	291,298	212,259
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale, Unrealized Loss Position, Accumulated Loss, Total	$ 61,484	$ 955

Securities (Narrative) (Details) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
Securities (Narrative) (Details) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2022 USD ($) issuance security shares	Dec. 31, 2021 USD ($)
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale [Line Items]
Number Of Issuances Of Securities Exceeding Shareholders Equity Threshold \| issuance	0
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale, Allowance for Credit Loss \| $	$ 0	$ 0
Accrued Interest Receivable for securities \| $	$ 64,908	56,019
Visa Class B shares, shares sold \| shares	17,360
Visa Class B shares, remaining shares \| shares	77,683
Equity Securities without Readily Determinable Fair Value, Amount \| $	$ 13,425	13,425
Other Securities
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale [Line Items]
Issuances Of Securities Exceeding Shareholders Equity Threshold, Percent	10.00%
Available-for-sale Securities
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale [Line Items]
Accrued Interest Receivable for securities \| $	$ 17,300	19,200
U.S. Government Agency and Government-Sponsored Enterprise Mortgage-Backed Securities and Collateralized Mortgage Obligations
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale [Line Items]
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale, Unrealized Loss Position, Number of Positions	645
Asset-backed Securities
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale [Line Items]
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale, Unrealized Loss Position, Number of Positions	83
Municipal Bonds [Member]
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale [Line Items]
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale, Unrealized Loss Position, Number of Positions	563
US Government Corporations and Agencies Securities [Member]
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale [Line Items]
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale, Unrealized Loss Position, Number of Positions	21
US Government Securities
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale [Line Items]
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale, Unrealized Loss Position, Number of Positions	10
Non-agency collateralized mortgage obligations
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale [Line Items]
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale, Unrealized Loss Position, Number of Positions	56
Held-to-maturity Securities
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale [Line Items]
Accrued Interest Receivable for securities \| $	$ 4,200	$ 4,400

Loans (Analysis of Loan Portfolio by Major Types of Loans) (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator - narrative [Line Items]
Total loans, net of unearned income	$ 11,610,973	$ 10,641,937
Allowance for Credit Loss	(158,438)	(155,578)	$ (149,140)	$ (83,968)
Total loans, net	11,452,535	10,486,359
Commercial Real Estate
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator - narrative [Line Items]
Total loans, net of unearned income	5,352,785	4,981,263
Allowance for Credit Loss	(54,856)	(61,254)	(68,934)	(20,340)
Commercial Business
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator - narrative [Line Items]
Total loans, net of unearned income	3,750,564	3,423,268
Allowance for Credit Loss	(57,836)	(54,712)	(45,250)	(30,292)
Agriculture
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator - narrative [Line Items]
Total loans, net of unearned income	848,903	795,715
Allowance for Credit Loss	(9,071)	(8,148)	(9,052)	(15,835)
Construction
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator - narrative [Line Items]
Total loans, net of unearned income	540,861	384,755
Allowance for Credit Loss	(13,142)	(5,397)	(7,636)	(8,571)
Real estate: One-to-four family residential
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator - narrative [Line Items]
Total loans, net of unearned income	1,077,494	1,013,908
Allowance for Credit Loss	(22,355)	(24,123)	(16,875)	(7,435)
Consumer Loan
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator - narrative [Line Items]
Total loans, net of unearned income	40,366	43,028
Allowance for Credit Loss	$ (1,178)	$ (1,944)	$ (1,393)	$ (883)

Loans (Analysis of the Aged Loan Portfolio) (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Financing Receivable, Past Due [Line Items]
Financing Receivable, before Allowance for Credit Loss	$ 11,610,973	$ 10,641,937
Nonaccrual Loans	13,441	23,041
Commercial Real Estate
Financing Receivable, Past Due [Line Items]
Financing Receivable, before Allowance for Credit Loss	5,352,785	4,981,263
Nonaccrual Loans	3,244	1,872
Commercial Business
Financing Receivable, Past Due [Line Items]
Financing Receivable, before Allowance for Credit Loss	3,750,564	3,423,268
Nonaccrual Loans	5,133	13,321
Agriculture
Financing Receivable, Past Due [Line Items]
Financing Receivable, before Allowance for Credit Loss	848,903	795,715
Nonaccrual Loans	4,367	5,396
Construction
Financing Receivable, Past Due [Line Items]
Financing Receivable, before Allowance for Credit Loss	540,861	384,755
Nonaccrual Loans	0	0
Real estate: One-to-four family residential
Financing Receivable, Past Due [Line Items]
Financing Receivable, before Allowance for Credit Loss	1,077,494	1,013,908
Nonaccrual Loans	685	2,433
Consumer Loan
Financing Receivable, Past Due [Line Items]
Financing Receivable, before Allowance for Credit Loss	40,366	43,028
Nonaccrual Loans	12	19
Financial Asset, Not Past Due
Financing Receivable, Past Due [Line Items]
Financing Receivable, before Allowance for Credit Loss	11,574,480	10,611,528
Financial Asset, Not Past Due \| Commercial Real Estate
Financing Receivable, Past Due [Line Items]
Financing Receivable, before Allowance for Credit Loss	5,338,999	4,977,781
Financial Asset, Not Past Due \| Commercial Business
Financing Receivable, Past Due [Line Items]
Financing Receivable, before Allowance for Credit Loss	3,739,731	3,406,539
Financial Asset, Not Past Due \| Agriculture
Financing Receivable, Past Due [Line Items]
Financing Receivable, before Allowance for Credit Loss	842,506	789,112
Financial Asset, Not Past Due \| Construction
Financing Receivable, Past Due [Line Items]
Financing Receivable, before Allowance for Credit Loss	540,861	384,755
Financial Asset, Not Past Due \| Real estate: One-to-four family residential
Financing Receivable, Past Due [Line Items]
Financing Receivable, before Allowance for Credit Loss	1,072,211	1,010,343
Financial Asset, Not Past Due \| Consumer Loan
Financing Receivable, Past Due [Line Items]
Financing Receivable, before Allowance for Credit Loss	40,172	42,998
Financial Asset, 30 to 59 Days Past Due
Financing Receivable, Past Due [Line Items]
Financing Receivable, before Allowance for Credit Loss	16,060	4,860
Financial Asset, 30 to 59 Days Past Due \| Commercial Real Estate
Financing Receivable, Past Due [Line Items]
Financing Receivable, before Allowance for Credit Loss	6,756	0
Financial Asset, 30 to 59 Days Past Due \| Commercial Business
Financing Receivable, Past Due [Line Items]
Financing Receivable, before Allowance for Credit Loss	4,336	2,721
Financial Asset, 30 to 59 Days Past Due \| Agriculture
Financing Receivable, Past Due [Line Items]
Financing Receivable, before Allowance for Credit Loss	493	1,207
Financial Asset, 30 to 59 Days Past Due \| Construction
Financing Receivable, Past Due [Line Items]
Financing Receivable, before Allowance for Credit Loss	0	0
Financial Asset, 30 to 59 Days Past Due \| Real estate: One-to-four family residential
Financing Receivable, Past Due [Line Items]
Financing Receivable, before Allowance for Credit Loss	4,315	921
Financial Asset, 30 to 59 Days Past Due \| Consumer Loan
Financing Receivable, Past Due [Line Items]
Financing Receivable, before Allowance for Credit Loss	160	11
Financial Asset, 60 to 89 Days Past Due
Financing Receivable, Past Due [Line Items]
Financing Receivable, before Allowance for Credit Loss	6,992	2,508
Financial Asset, 60 to 89 Days Past Due \| Commercial Real Estate
Financing Receivable, Past Due [Line Items]
Financing Receivable, before Allowance for Credit Loss	3,786	1,610
Financial Asset, 60 to 89 Days Past Due \| Commercial Business
Financing Receivable, Past Due [Line Items]
Financing Receivable, before Allowance for Credit Loss	1,364	687
Financial Asset, 60 to 89 Days Past Due \| Agriculture
Financing Receivable, Past Due [Line Items]
Financing Receivable, before Allowance for Credit Loss	1,537	0
Financial Asset, 60 to 89 Days Past Due \| Construction
Financing Receivable, Past Due [Line Items]
Financing Receivable, before Allowance for Credit Loss	0	0
Financial Asset, 60 to 89 Days Past Due \| Real estate: One-to-four family residential
Financing Receivable, Past Due [Line Items]
Financing Receivable, before Allowance for Credit Loss	283	211
Financial Asset, 60 to 89 Days Past Due \| Consumer Loan
Financing Receivable, Past Due [Line Items]
Financing Receivable, before Allowance for Credit Loss	22	0
Financial Asset, Equal to or Greater than 90 Days Past Due
Financing Receivable, Past Due [Line Items]
Financing Receivable, before Allowance for Credit Loss	0	0
Financial Asset, Equal to or Greater than 90 Days Past Due \| Commercial Real Estate
Financing Receivable, Past Due [Line Items]
Financing Receivable, before Allowance for Credit Loss	0	0
Financial Asset, Equal to or Greater than 90 Days Past Due \| Commercial Business
Financing Receivable, Past Due [Line Items]
Financing Receivable, before Allowance for Credit Loss	0	0
Financial Asset, Equal to or Greater than 90 Days Past Due \| Agriculture
Financing Receivable, Past Due [Line Items]
Financing Receivable, before Allowance for Credit Loss	0	0
Financial Asset, Equal to or Greater than 90 Days Past Due \| Construction
Financing Receivable, Past Due [Line Items]
Financing Receivable, before Allowance for Credit Loss	0	0
Financial Asset, Equal to or Greater than 90 Days Past Due \| Real estate: One-to-four family residential
Financing Receivable, Past Due [Line Items]
Financing Receivable, before Allowance for Credit Loss	0	0
Financial Asset, Equal to or Greater than 90 Days Past Due \| Consumer Loan
Financing Receivable, Past Due [Line Items]
Financing Receivable, before Allowance for Credit Loss	0	0
Financial Asset, Past Due
Financing Receivable, Past Due [Line Items]
Financing Receivable, before Allowance for Credit Loss	23,052	7,368
Financial Asset, Past Due \| Commercial Real Estate
Financing Receivable, Past Due [Line Items]
Financing Receivable, before Allowance for Credit Loss	10,542	1,610
Financial Asset, Past Due \| Commercial Business
Financing Receivable, Past Due [Line Items]
Financing Receivable, before Allowance for Credit Loss	5,700	3,408
Financial Asset, Past Due \| Agriculture
Financing Receivable, Past Due [Line Items]
Financing Receivable, before Allowance for Credit Loss	2,030	1,207
Financial Asset, Past Due \| Construction
Financing Receivable, Past Due [Line Items]
Financing Receivable, before Allowance for Credit Loss	0	0
Financial Asset, Past Due \| Real estate: One-to-four family residential
Financing Receivable, Past Due [Line Items]
Financing Receivable, before Allowance for Credit Loss	4,598	1,132
Financial Asset, Past Due \| Consumer Loan
Financing Receivable, Past Due [Line Items]
Financing Receivable, before Allowance for Credit Loss	$ 182	$ 11

Loans (Interest written off on nonaccrual loans) (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator - narrative [Line Items]
Interest written off on nonaccrual loans	$ 629	$ 673	$ 2,000
Commercial Portfolio Segment
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator - narrative [Line Items]
Interest written off on nonaccrual loans	604	628	1,972
Consumer
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator - narrative [Line Items]
Interest written off on nonaccrual loans	$ 25	$ 45	$ 28

Loans (Analysis of Nonaccrual Loans with no ACL) (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Financing Receivable, Nonaccrual [Line Items]
Amortized Cost of Nonaccrual Loans, No Allowance	$ 5,207	$ 9,819
Commercial Real Estate
Financing Receivable, Nonaccrual [Line Items]
Amortized Cost of Nonaccrual Loans, No Allowance	2,281	932
Commercial Business
Financing Receivable, Nonaccrual [Line Items]
Amortized Cost of Nonaccrual Loans, No Allowance	815	5,131
Agriculture
Financing Receivable, Nonaccrual [Line Items]
Amortized Cost of Nonaccrual Loans, No Allowance	$ 2,111	$ 3,756

Loans Loans (Analysis of Troubled Debt Restructurings) (Details) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022 USD ($) Modifications	Dec. 31, 2021 USD ($) Modifications	Dec. 31, 2020 USD ($) Modifications
Financing Receivable, Troubled Debt Restructuring [Line Items]
TDR Modifications, Number of Contracts \| Modifications	4	16	19
Pre-Modification Outstanding Recorded Investment	$ 1,320	$ 3,966	$ 7,566
Post-Modification Outstanding Recorded Investment	$ 1,320	$ 3,966	$ 7,566
Commercial Real Estate
Financing Receivable, Troubled Debt Restructuring [Line Items]
TDR Modifications, Number of Contracts \| Modifications	0	1	0
Pre-Modification Outstanding Recorded Investment	$ 0	$ 628	$ 0
Post-Modification Outstanding Recorded Investment	$ 0	$ 628	$ 0
Commercial Business
Financing Receivable, Troubled Debt Restructuring [Line Items]
TDR Modifications, Number of Contracts \| Modifications	2	11	11
Pre-Modification Outstanding Recorded Investment	$ 637	$ 2,600	$ 3,257
Post-Modification Outstanding Recorded Investment	$ 637	$ 2,600	$ 3,257
Agriculture
Financing Receivable, Troubled Debt Restructuring [Line Items]
TDR Modifications, Number of Contracts \| Modifications	1	1	2
Pre-Modification Outstanding Recorded Investment	$ 633	$ 583	$ 3,495
Post-Modification Outstanding Recorded Investment	$ 633	$ 583	$ 3,495
Real estate: One-to-four family residential
Financing Receivable, Troubled Debt Restructuring [Line Items]
TDR Modifications, Number of Contracts \| Modifications	1	3	6
Pre-Modification Outstanding Recorded Investment	$ 50	$ 155	$ 814
Post-Modification Outstanding Recorded Investment	$ 50	$ 155	$ 814
Consumer Loan
Financing Receivable, Troubled Debt Restructuring [Line Items]
TDR Modifications, Number of Contracts \| Modifications	0	0	0
Pre-Modification Outstanding Recorded Investment	$ 0	$ 0	$ 0
Post-Modification Outstanding Recorded Investment	$ 0	$ 0	$ 0

Loans (Narrative) (Details) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
Loans (Narrative) (Details) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2022 USD ($) contract	Dec. 31, 2021 USD ($) contract	Dec. 31, 2020 contract
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]
Accrued Interest Receivable for Loans	$ 64,908	$ 56,019
Financing Receivable Modifications Additional Commitment To Lend	$ 123	$ 1,500
Financing Receivable, Troubled Debt Restructuring, Subsequent Default, Number of Contracts \| contract	0	0	0
Loans Receivable
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]
Loans pledged to collateralize Federal Home Loan Bank Advances	$ 4,360,000	$ 3,490,000
Commercial Loan
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]
Loans pledged to collateralize Federal Reserve Bank Borrowings	301,400	200,500
Loans
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]
Accrued Interest Receivable for Loans	$ 43,400	$ 32,400

Allowance for Credit Losses and Unfunded Commitments and Letters of Credit (Allowance for Credit Losses) (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020	Jan. 01, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019
Allowance for Loan and Lease Losses [Roll Forward]
Allowance for Credit Loss	$ 158,438	$ 155,578	$ 149,140		$ 83,968
Initial ACL recorded for PCD loans acquired		2,616
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Loss, Writeoff	4,449	9,063	21,092
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Loss, Recovery	5,359	8,085	6,932
Provision (recapture) for credit losses	1,950	4,800	77,700
Commercial Real Estate
Allowance for Loan and Lease Losses [Roll Forward]
Allowance for Credit Loss	54,856	61,254	68,934		20,340
Initial ACL recorded for PCD loans acquired		2,225
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Loss, Writeoff	299	1,044	1,419
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Loss, Recovery	207	633	131
Provision (recapture) for credit losses	(6,306)	(9,494)	42,349
Commercial Business
Allowance for Loan and Lease Losses [Roll Forward]
Allowance for Credit Loss	57,836	54,712	45,250		30,292
Initial ACL recorded for PCD loans acquired		30
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Loss, Writeoff	2,108	6,364	12,396
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Loss, Recovery	2,183	4,862	3,438
Provision (recapture) for credit losses	3,049	10,934	23,154
Agriculture
Allowance for Loan and Lease Losses [Roll Forward]
Allowance for Credit Loss	9,071	8,148	9,052		15,835
Initial ACL recorded for PCD loans acquired		38
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Loss, Writeoff	799	322	6,427
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Loss, Recovery	869	355	172
Provision (recapture) for credit losses	853	(975)	8,797
Construction
Allowance for Loan and Lease Losses [Roll Forward]
Allowance for Credit Loss	13,142	5,397	7,636		8,571
Initial ACL recorded for PCD loans acquired		35
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Loss, Writeoff	0	0	0
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Loss, Recovery	387	593	709
Provision (recapture) for credit losses	7,358	(2,867)	106
Real estate: One-to-four family residential
Allowance for Loan and Lease Losses [Roll Forward]
Allowance for Credit Loss	22,355	24,123	16,875		7,435
Initial ACL recorded for PCD loans acquired		286
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Loss, Writeoff	3	170	84
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Loss, Recovery	943	907	2,083
Provision (recapture) for credit losses	(2,708)	6,225	3,204
Consumer Loan
Allowance for Loan and Lease Losses [Roll Forward]
Allowance for Credit Loss	1,178	1,944	1,393		883
Initial ACL recorded for PCD loans acquired		2
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Loss, Writeoff	1,240	1,163	766
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Loss, Recovery	770	735	399
Provision (recapture) for credit losses	$ (296)	977	99
Unallocated Financing Receivables [Member]
Allowance for Loan and Lease Losses [Roll Forward]
Allowance for Credit Loss		0	0		$ 612
Initial ACL recorded for PCD loans acquired		0
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Loss, Writeoff		0	0
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Loss, Recovery		0	0
Provision (recapture) for credit losses		$ 0	$ (9)
Accounting Standards Update 2016-13
Allowance for Loan and Lease Losses [Roll Forward]
Change in allowance for credit loss due to adoption of new ASU				$ 1,632
Accounting Standards Update 2016-13 \| Commercial Real Estate
Allowance for Loan and Lease Losses [Roll Forward]
Change in allowance for credit loss due to adoption of new ASU				7,533
Accounting Standards Update 2016-13 \| Commercial Business
Allowance for Loan and Lease Losses [Roll Forward]
Change in allowance for credit loss due to adoption of new ASU				762
Accounting Standards Update 2016-13 \| Agriculture
Allowance for Loan and Lease Losses [Roll Forward]
Change in allowance for credit loss due to adoption of new ASU				(9,325)
Accounting Standards Update 2016-13 \| Construction
Allowance for Loan and Lease Losses [Roll Forward]
Change in allowance for credit loss due to adoption of new ASU				(1,750)
Accounting Standards Update 2016-13 \| Real estate: One-to-four family residential
Allowance for Loan and Lease Losses [Roll Forward]
Change in allowance for credit loss due to adoption of new ASU				4,237
Accounting Standards Update 2016-13 \| Consumer Loan
Allowance for Loan and Lease Losses [Roll Forward]
Change in allowance for credit loss due to adoption of new ASU				778
Accounting Standards Update 2016-13 \| Unallocated Financing Receivables [Member]
Allowance for Loan and Lease Losses [Roll Forward]
Change in allowance for credit loss due to adoption of new ASU				$ (603)

Allowance for Credit Losses and Unfunded Commitments and Letters of Credit (Changes in the Allowance for Unfunded Commitments and Letters of Credit) (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020	Jan. 01, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019
Schedule of allowance for unfunded commitments and letters of credit [Line Items]
Balance, Allowance For Unfunded Loan Commitments And Letters Of Credit	$ 8,000	$ 8,500	$ 8,300		$ 3,430
Net changes in the allowance for unfunded commitments and letters of credit	$ (500)	200	3,300
Accounting Standards Update 2016-13
Schedule of allowance for unfunded commitments and letters of credit [Line Items]
Change in allowance for unfunded commitments and letters of credit due to adoption of new ASU		$ 0	$ 1,570	$ 0

Allowance for Credit Losses and Unfunded Commitments and Letters of Credit (Analysis of Credit Quality of Loan Portfolio) (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]
Term Loans, Amortized Cost Basis, Year One, Originated, Current Fiscal Year	$ 2,238,749	$ 2,745,438
Term Loans, Amortized Cost Basis, Year Two, Originated, Fiscal Year before Current Fiscal Year	2,372,896	1,490,732
Term Loans, Amortized Cost Basis, Year Three, Originated, Two Years before Current Fiscal Year	1,214,862	1,201,138
Term Loans, Amortized Cost Basis, Year Four, Originated, Three Years before Current Fiscal Year	990,350	854,212
Term Loans, Amortized Cost Basis, Year Five, Originated, Four Years before Current Fiscal Year	642,813	798,466
Term Loans, Amortized Cost Basis, Originated, More than Five Years before Current Fiscal Year	1,838,767	1,751,150
Revolving Loans, Amortized Cost Basis	2,279,248	1,748,587
Revolving Loans Converted to Term Loans, Amortized Cost Basis	33,288	52,214
Total loans, net of unearned income	11,610,973	10,641,937
Allowance for Credit Loss	158,438	155,578	$ 149,140	$ 83,968
Total loans, net	11,452,535	10,486,359
Commercial Real Estate
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]
Term Loans, Amortized Cost Basis, Year One, Originated, Current Fiscal Year	1,184,152	1,074,864
Term Loans, Amortized Cost Basis, Year Two, Originated, Fiscal Year before Current Fiscal Year	1,016,940	766,442
Term Loans, Amortized Cost Basis, Year Three, Originated, Two Years before Current Fiscal Year	657,730	715,378
Term Loans, Amortized Cost Basis, Year Four, Originated, Three Years before Current Fiscal Year	634,115	507,656
Term Loans, Amortized Cost Basis, Year Five, Originated, Four Years before Current Fiscal Year	398,969	545,313
Term Loans, Amortized Cost Basis, Originated, More than Five Years before Current Fiscal Year	1,369,118	1,289,984
Revolving Loans, Amortized Cost Basis	79,210	75,783
Revolving Loans Converted to Term Loans, Amortized Cost Basis	12,551	5,843
Total loans, net of unearned income	5,352,785	4,981,263
Allowance for Credit Loss	54,856	61,254	68,934	20,340
Commercial Real Estate \| Pass
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]
Term Loans, Amortized Cost Basis, Year One, Originated, Current Fiscal Year	1,182,136	1,068,493
Term Loans, Amortized Cost Basis, Year Two, Originated, Fiscal Year before Current Fiscal Year	1,009,480	760,545
Term Loans, Amortized Cost Basis, Year Three, Originated, Two Years before Current Fiscal Year	636,056	650,593
Term Loans, Amortized Cost Basis, Year Four, Originated, Three Years before Current Fiscal Year	588,494	492,348
Term Loans, Amortized Cost Basis, Year Five, Originated, Four Years before Current Fiscal Year	394,552	515,233
Term Loans, Amortized Cost Basis, Originated, More than Five Years before Current Fiscal Year	1,295,185	1,180,115
Revolving Loans, Amortized Cost Basis	75,487	74,754
Revolving Loans Converted to Term Loans, Amortized Cost Basis	12,551	3,644
Total loans, net of unearned income	5,193,941	4,745,725
Commercial Real Estate \| Special Mention
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]
Term Loans, Amortized Cost Basis, Year One, Originated, Current Fiscal Year	1,698	2,252
Term Loans, Amortized Cost Basis, Year Two, Originated, Fiscal Year before Current Fiscal Year	0	0
Term Loans, Amortized Cost Basis, Year Three, Originated, Two Years before Current Fiscal Year	1,357	19,016
Term Loans, Amortized Cost Basis, Year Four, Originated, Three Years before Current Fiscal Year	15,199	6,196
Term Loans, Amortized Cost Basis, Year Five, Originated, Four Years before Current Fiscal Year	1,513	163
Term Loans, Amortized Cost Basis, Originated, More than Five Years before Current Fiscal Year	13,590	27,270
Revolving Loans, Amortized Cost Basis	0	0
Revolving Loans Converted to Term Loans, Amortized Cost Basis	0	2,199
Total loans, net of unearned income	33,357	57,096
Commercial Real Estate \| Substandard
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]
Term Loans, Amortized Cost Basis, Year One, Originated, Current Fiscal Year	318	4,119
Term Loans, Amortized Cost Basis, Year Two, Originated, Fiscal Year before Current Fiscal Year	7,460	5,897
Term Loans, Amortized Cost Basis, Year Three, Originated, Two Years before Current Fiscal Year	20,317	45,769
Term Loans, Amortized Cost Basis, Year Four, Originated, Three Years before Current Fiscal Year	30,422	9,112
Term Loans, Amortized Cost Basis, Year Five, Originated, Four Years before Current Fiscal Year	2,904	29,917
Term Loans, Amortized Cost Basis, Originated, More than Five Years before Current Fiscal Year	60,343	82,599
Revolving Loans, Amortized Cost Basis	3,723	1,029
Revolving Loans Converted to Term Loans, Amortized Cost Basis	0	0
Total loans, net of unearned income	125,487	178,442
Commercial Business
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]
Term Loans, Amortized Cost Basis, Year One, Originated, Current Fiscal Year	525,460	896,907
Term Loans, Amortized Cost Basis, Year Two, Originated, Fiscal Year before Current Fiscal Year	668,295	430,749
Term Loans, Amortized Cost Basis, Year Three, Originated, Two Years before Current Fiscal Year	340,754	305,313
Term Loans, Amortized Cost Basis, Year Four, Originated, Three Years before Current Fiscal Year	230,698	246,418
Term Loans, Amortized Cost Basis, Year Five, Originated, Four Years before Current Fiscal Year	179,613	165,036
Term Loans, Amortized Cost Basis, Originated, More than Five Years before Current Fiscal Year	275,681	259,869
Revolving Loans, Amortized Cost Basis	1,513,357	1,081,668
Revolving Loans Converted to Term Loans, Amortized Cost Basis	16,706	37,308
Total loans, net of unearned income	3,750,564	3,423,268
Allowance for Credit Loss	57,836	54,712	45,250	30,292
Commercial Business \| Pass
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]
Term Loans, Amortized Cost Basis, Year One, Originated, Current Fiscal Year	521,615	891,957
Term Loans, Amortized Cost Basis, Year Two, Originated, Fiscal Year before Current Fiscal Year	658,452	426,004
Term Loans, Amortized Cost Basis, Year Three, Originated, Two Years before Current Fiscal Year	337,927	280,823
Term Loans, Amortized Cost Basis, Year Four, Originated, Three Years before Current Fiscal Year	208,199	217,605
Term Loans, Amortized Cost Basis, Year Five, Originated, Four Years before Current Fiscal Year	159,105	144,363
Term Loans, Amortized Cost Basis, Originated, More than Five Years before Current Fiscal Year	247,086	232,356
Revolving Loans, Amortized Cost Basis	1,456,332	1,028,616
Revolving Loans Converted to Term Loans, Amortized Cost Basis	9,736	35,411
Total loans, net of unearned income	3,598,452	3,257,135
Commercial Business \| Special Mention
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]
Term Loans, Amortized Cost Basis, Year One, Originated, Current Fiscal Year	1,129	621
Term Loans, Amortized Cost Basis, Year Two, Originated, Fiscal Year before Current Fiscal Year	3,681	135
Term Loans, Amortized Cost Basis, Year Three, Originated, Two Years before Current Fiscal Year	617	6,097
Term Loans, Amortized Cost Basis, Year Four, Originated, Three Years before Current Fiscal Year	6,335	747
Term Loans, Amortized Cost Basis, Year Five, Originated, Four Years before Current Fiscal Year	187	105
Term Loans, Amortized Cost Basis, Originated, More than Five Years before Current Fiscal Year	193	51
Revolving Loans, Amortized Cost Basis	17,988	34,256
Revolving Loans Converted to Term Loans, Amortized Cost Basis	74	236
Total loans, net of unearned income	30,204	42,248
Commercial Business \| Substandard
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]
Term Loans, Amortized Cost Basis, Year One, Originated, Current Fiscal Year	2,716	4,329
Term Loans, Amortized Cost Basis, Year Two, Originated, Fiscal Year before Current Fiscal Year	6,162	4,610
Term Loans, Amortized Cost Basis, Year Three, Originated, Two Years before Current Fiscal Year	2,210	18,393
Term Loans, Amortized Cost Basis, Year Four, Originated, Three Years before Current Fiscal Year	16,164	28,066
Term Loans, Amortized Cost Basis, Year Five, Originated, Four Years before Current Fiscal Year	20,321	20,568
Term Loans, Amortized Cost Basis, Originated, More than Five Years before Current Fiscal Year	28,402	27,462
Revolving Loans, Amortized Cost Basis	39,037	18,796
Revolving Loans Converted to Term Loans, Amortized Cost Basis	6,896	1,661
Total loans, net of unearned income	121,908	123,885
Agriculture
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]
Term Loans, Amortized Cost Basis, Year One, Originated, Current Fiscal Year	146,938	147,723
Term Loans, Amortized Cost Basis, Year Two, Originated, Fiscal Year before Current Fiscal Year	121,477	95,681
Term Loans, Amortized Cost Basis, Year Three, Originated, Two Years before Current Fiscal Year	70,725	84,251
Term Loans, Amortized Cost Basis, Year Four, Originated, Three Years before Current Fiscal Year	70,873	31,355
Term Loans, Amortized Cost Basis, Year Five, Originated, Four Years before Current Fiscal Year	20,590	51,590
Term Loans, Amortized Cost Basis, Originated, More than Five Years before Current Fiscal Year	97,549	81,526
Revolving Loans, Amortized Cost Basis	319,406	296,263
Revolving Loans Converted to Term Loans, Amortized Cost Basis	1,345	7,326
Total loans, net of unearned income	848,903	795,715
Allowance for Credit Loss	9,071	8,148	9,052	15,835
Agriculture \| Pass
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]
Term Loans, Amortized Cost Basis, Year One, Originated, Current Fiscal Year	141,623	147,561
Term Loans, Amortized Cost Basis, Year Two, Originated, Fiscal Year before Current Fiscal Year	119,538	87,964
Term Loans, Amortized Cost Basis, Year Three, Originated, Two Years before Current Fiscal Year	68,621	74,658
Term Loans, Amortized Cost Basis, Year Four, Originated, Three Years before Current Fiscal Year	67,689	29,739
Term Loans, Amortized Cost Basis, Year Five, Originated, Four Years before Current Fiscal Year	20,570	46,058
Term Loans, Amortized Cost Basis, Originated, More than Five Years before Current Fiscal Year	91,411	79,693
Revolving Loans, Amortized Cost Basis	301,607	266,573
Revolving Loans Converted to Term Loans, Amortized Cost Basis	1,345	5,448
Total loans, net of unearned income	812,404	737,694
Agriculture \| Special Mention
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]
Term Loans, Amortized Cost Basis, Year One, Originated, Current Fiscal Year	3,890	162
Term Loans, Amortized Cost Basis, Year Two, Originated, Fiscal Year before Current Fiscal Year	659	0
Term Loans, Amortized Cost Basis, Year Three, Originated, Two Years before Current Fiscal Year	0	445
Term Loans, Amortized Cost Basis, Year Four, Originated, Three Years before Current Fiscal Year	198	0
Term Loans, Amortized Cost Basis, Year Five, Originated, Four Years before Current Fiscal Year	0	0
Term Loans, Amortized Cost Basis, Originated, More than Five Years before Current Fiscal Year	33	0
Revolving Loans, Amortized Cost Basis	598	565
Revolving Loans Converted to Term Loans, Amortized Cost Basis	0	0
Total loans, net of unearned income	5,378	1,172
Agriculture \| Substandard
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]
Term Loans, Amortized Cost Basis, Year One, Originated, Current Fiscal Year	1,425	0
Term Loans, Amortized Cost Basis, Year Two, Originated, Fiscal Year before Current Fiscal Year	1,280	7,717
Term Loans, Amortized Cost Basis, Year Three, Originated, Two Years before Current Fiscal Year	2,104	9,148
Term Loans, Amortized Cost Basis, Year Four, Originated, Three Years before Current Fiscal Year	2,986	1,616
Term Loans, Amortized Cost Basis, Year Five, Originated, Four Years before Current Fiscal Year	20	5,532
Term Loans, Amortized Cost Basis, Originated, More than Five Years before Current Fiscal Year	6,105	1,833
Revolving Loans, Amortized Cost Basis	17,201	29,125
Revolving Loans Converted to Term Loans, Amortized Cost Basis	0	1,878
Total loans, net of unearned income	31,121	56,849
Construction
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]
Term Loans, Amortized Cost Basis, Year One, Originated, Current Fiscal Year	220,558	228,661
Term Loans, Amortized Cost Basis, Year Two, Originated, Fiscal Year before Current Fiscal Year	209,206	53,880
Term Loans, Amortized Cost Basis, Year Three, Originated, Two Years before Current Fiscal Year	20,334	37,543
Term Loans, Amortized Cost Basis, Year Four, Originated, Three Years before Current Fiscal Year	16,046	3,183
Term Loans, Amortized Cost Basis, Year Five, Originated, Four Years before Current Fiscal Year	2,880	3,285
Term Loans, Amortized Cost Basis, Originated, More than Five Years before Current Fiscal Year	3,241	2,438
Revolving Loans, Amortized Cost Basis	67,559	55,765
Revolving Loans Converted to Term Loans, Amortized Cost Basis	1,037	0
Total loans, net of unearned income	540,861	384,755
Allowance for Credit Loss	13,142	5,397	7,636	8,571
Construction \| Pass
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]
Term Loans, Amortized Cost Basis, Year One, Originated, Current Fiscal Year	220,558	228,661
Term Loans, Amortized Cost Basis, Year Two, Originated, Fiscal Year before Current Fiscal Year	208,472	53,880
Term Loans, Amortized Cost Basis, Year Three, Originated, Two Years before Current Fiscal Year	20,334	35,795
Term Loans, Amortized Cost Basis, Year Four, Originated, Three Years before Current Fiscal Year	14,329	3,183
Term Loans, Amortized Cost Basis, Year Five, Originated, Four Years before Current Fiscal Year	2,437	3,285
Term Loans, Amortized Cost Basis, Originated, More than Five Years before Current Fiscal Year	3,192	2,189
Revolving Loans, Amortized Cost Basis	67,559	55,765
Revolving Loans Converted to Term Loans, Amortized Cost Basis	1,037	0
Total loans, net of unearned income	537,918	382,758
Construction \| Special Mention
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]
Term Loans, Amortized Cost Basis, Year One, Originated, Current Fiscal Year	0
Term Loans, Amortized Cost Basis, Year Two, Originated, Fiscal Year before Current Fiscal Year	734
Term Loans, Amortized Cost Basis, Year Three, Originated, Two Years before Current Fiscal Year	0
Term Loans, Amortized Cost Basis, Year Four, Originated, Three Years before Current Fiscal Year	0
Term Loans, Amortized Cost Basis, Year Five, Originated, Four Years before Current Fiscal Year	0
Term Loans, Amortized Cost Basis, Originated, More than Five Years before Current Fiscal Year	0
Revolving Loans, Amortized Cost Basis	0
Revolving Loans Converted to Term Loans, Amortized Cost Basis	0
Total loans, net of unearned income	734
Construction \| Substandard
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]
Term Loans, Amortized Cost Basis, Year One, Originated, Current Fiscal Year	0	0
Term Loans, Amortized Cost Basis, Year Two, Originated, Fiscal Year before Current Fiscal Year	0	0
Term Loans, Amortized Cost Basis, Year Three, Originated, Two Years before Current Fiscal Year	0	1,748
Term Loans, Amortized Cost Basis, Year Four, Originated, Three Years before Current Fiscal Year	1,717	0
Term Loans, Amortized Cost Basis, Year Five, Originated, Four Years before Current Fiscal Year	443	0
Term Loans, Amortized Cost Basis, Originated, More than Five Years before Current Fiscal Year	49	249
Revolving Loans, Amortized Cost Basis	0	0
Revolving Loans Converted to Term Loans, Amortized Cost Basis	0	0
Total loans, net of unearned income	2,209	1,997
Real estate: One-to-four family residential
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]
Term Loans, Amortized Cost Basis, Year One, Originated, Current Fiscal Year	156,406	390,238
Term Loans, Amortized Cost Basis, Year Two, Originated, Fiscal Year before Current Fiscal Year	354,364	141,269
Term Loans, Amortized Cost Basis, Year Three, Originated, Two Years before Current Fiscal Year	124,150	56,703
Term Loans, Amortized Cost Basis, Year Four, Originated, Three Years before Current Fiscal Year	37,799	52,111
Term Loans, Amortized Cost Basis, Year Five, Originated, Four Years before Current Fiscal Year	39,552	32,681
Term Loans, Amortized Cost Basis, Originated, More than Five Years before Current Fiscal Year	85,335	116,043
Revolving Loans, Amortized Cost Basis	278,440	223,232
Revolving Loans Converted to Term Loans, Amortized Cost Basis	1,448	1,631
Total loans, net of unearned income	1,077,494	1,013,908
Allowance for Credit Loss	22,355	24,123	16,875	7,435
Real estate: One-to-four family residential \| Pass
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]
Term Loans, Amortized Cost Basis, Year One, Originated, Current Fiscal Year	156,406	390,153
Term Loans, Amortized Cost Basis, Year Two, Originated, Fiscal Year before Current Fiscal Year	354,364	140,799
Term Loans, Amortized Cost Basis, Year Three, Originated, Two Years before Current Fiscal Year	124,150	56,520
Term Loans, Amortized Cost Basis, Year Four, Originated, Three Years before Current Fiscal Year	37,546	51,549
Term Loans, Amortized Cost Basis, Year Five, Originated, Four Years before Current Fiscal Year	39,054	32,447
Term Loans, Amortized Cost Basis, Originated, More than Five Years before Current Fiscal Year	84,403	111,307
Revolving Loans, Amortized Cost Basis	277,930	222,747
Revolving Loans Converted to Term Loans, Amortized Cost Basis	1,288	1,347
Total loans, net of unearned income	1,075,141	1,006,869
Real estate: One-to-four family residential \| Substandard
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]
Term Loans, Amortized Cost Basis, Year One, Originated, Current Fiscal Year	0	85
Term Loans, Amortized Cost Basis, Year Two, Originated, Fiscal Year before Current Fiscal Year	0	470
Term Loans, Amortized Cost Basis, Year Three, Originated, Two Years before Current Fiscal Year	0	183
Term Loans, Amortized Cost Basis, Year Four, Originated, Three Years before Current Fiscal Year	253	562
Term Loans, Amortized Cost Basis, Year Five, Originated, Four Years before Current Fiscal Year	498	234
Term Loans, Amortized Cost Basis, Originated, More than Five Years before Current Fiscal Year	932	4,736
Revolving Loans, Amortized Cost Basis	510	485
Revolving Loans Converted to Term Loans, Amortized Cost Basis	160	284
Total loans, net of unearned income	2,353	7,039
Consumer Loan
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]
Term Loans, Amortized Cost Basis, Year One, Originated, Current Fiscal Year	5,235	7,045
Term Loans, Amortized Cost Basis, Year Two, Originated, Fiscal Year before Current Fiscal Year	2,614	2,711
Term Loans, Amortized Cost Basis, Year Three, Originated, Two Years before Current Fiscal Year	1,169	1,950
Term Loans, Amortized Cost Basis, Year Four, Originated, Three Years before Current Fiscal Year	819	13,489
Term Loans, Amortized Cost Basis, Year Five, Originated, Four Years before Current Fiscal Year	1,209	561
Term Loans, Amortized Cost Basis, Originated, More than Five Years before Current Fiscal Year	7,843	1,290
Revolving Loans, Amortized Cost Basis	21,276	15,876
Revolving Loans Converted to Term Loans, Amortized Cost Basis	201	106
Total loans, net of unearned income	40,366	43,028
Allowance for Credit Loss	1,178	1,944	$ 1,393	$ 883
Consumer Loan \| Pass
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]
Term Loans, Amortized Cost Basis, Year One, Originated, Current Fiscal Year	5,235	7,045
Term Loans, Amortized Cost Basis, Year Two, Originated, Fiscal Year before Current Fiscal Year	2,614	2,711
Term Loans, Amortized Cost Basis, Year Three, Originated, Two Years before Current Fiscal Year	1,169	1,950
Term Loans, Amortized Cost Basis, Year Four, Originated, Three Years before Current Fiscal Year	819	13,489
Term Loans, Amortized Cost Basis, Year Five, Originated, Four Years before Current Fiscal Year	1,209	560
Term Loans, Amortized Cost Basis, Originated, More than Five Years before Current Fiscal Year	7,833	1,277
Revolving Loans, Amortized Cost Basis	21,276	15,853
Revolving Loans Converted to Term Loans, Amortized Cost Basis	201	97
Total loans, net of unearned income	40,356	42,982
Consumer Loan \| Substandard
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]
Term Loans, Amortized Cost Basis, Year One, Originated, Current Fiscal Year	0	0
Term Loans, Amortized Cost Basis, Year Two, Originated, Fiscal Year before Current Fiscal Year	0	0
Term Loans, Amortized Cost Basis, Year Three, Originated, Two Years before Current Fiscal Year	0	0
Term Loans, Amortized Cost Basis, Year Four, Originated, Three Years before Current Fiscal Year	0	0
Term Loans, Amortized Cost Basis, Year Five, Originated, Four Years before Current Fiscal Year	0	1
Term Loans, Amortized Cost Basis, Originated, More than Five Years before Current Fiscal Year	10	13
Revolving Loans, Amortized Cost Basis	0	23
Revolving Loans Converted to Term Loans, Amortized Cost Basis	0	9
Total loans, net of unearned income	$ 10	$ 46

Allowance for Credit Losses and Unfunded Commitments and Letters of Credit (Narrative) (Details)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022 USD ($)
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]
Minimum loan balance of nonaccrual, collateral dependent loans considered for ACL	$ 500,000
Allowance for Credit Loss, Period Increase (Decrease)	$ 2,900,000

Other Real Estate Owned (Summary of Other Real Estate Owned) (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Other Real Estate Owned [Line Items]
Balance, beginning of period	$ 381	$ 553
Valuation adjustments	(182)	(140)
Proceeds from Sale of OREO property	(200)	(132)
Gain on sale of OREO, net	1	100
Balance, end of period	0	$ 381
Real estate: One-to-four family residential
Other Real Estate Owned [Line Items]
Balance, end of period	$ 0

Other Real Estate Owned (Narrative) (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
Other Real Estate Owned [Line Items]
Foreclosed residential real estate properties	$ 0	$ 381	$ 553
Mortgage Loans in Process of Foreclosure, Amount	0
Real estate: One-to-four family residential
Other Real Estate Owned [Line Items]
Foreclosed residential real estate properties	$ 0

Premises and Equipment (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Property, Plant and Equipment, Gross	$ 248,714	$ 255,000
Less accumulated depreciation and amortization	(88,136)	(82,856)
Total	160,578	172,144
Land
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Property, Plant and Equipment, Gross	50,393	52,639
Building
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Property, Plant and Equipment, Gross	116,005	119,546
Leasehold Improvements
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Property, Plant and Equipment, Gross	32,694	31,084
Furniture and Fixtures
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Property, Plant and Equipment, Gross	40,712	41,313
Vehicles
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Property, Plant and Equipment, Gross	525	476
Software
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Property, Plant and Equipment, Gross	$ 8,385	$ 9,942

Premises and Equipment (Narrative) (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
Property, Plant and Equipment [Abstract]
Depreciation and amortization expense	$ 11.7	$ 11.0	$ 10.7

Goodwill and Intangible Assets (Schedule of Goodwill and Intangible Assets) (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
Goodwill and Intangible Assets [Roll Forward]
Total goodwill, end of period	$ 823,172	$ 823,172	$ 765,842
Established through acquisitions	0	57,330	0
Core deposit intangible, net, beginning of period	34,647
CDI current period amortization	(8,698)	(7,987)	(8,724)
Indefinite-lived Intangible Assets (Excluding Goodwill)	919	919	919
Total core deposit intangible, end of period	25,949	34,647
Intangible Assets, Net (Excluding Goodwill)	25,949	34,647	26,734
Total goodwill and intangible assets, end of period	849,121	857,819	792,576
Core Deposits
Goodwill and Intangible Assets [Roll Forward]
Gross core deposit intangible balance, beginning of period	88,931	78,821	105,473
Accumulated amortization, beginning of period	(55,203)	(53,006)	(70,934)
Core deposit intangible, net, beginning of period	33,728	25,815	34,539
Established through acquisitions	0	15,900	0
CDI current period amortization	(8,698)	(7,987)	(8,724)
Total core deposit intangible, end of period	$ 25,030	$ 33,728	$ 25,815
Estimated life of CDI, in years	10 years

Goodwill and Intangible Assets (Summary of Estimated Future Amortization Expense of Core Deposit Intangibles) (Details) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2022 USD ($)
Future Amortization Expense For Core Deposit Intangibles
2023	$ 7,082
2024	5,673
2025	4,366
2026	3,225
2027	$ 2,083

Leases - Right-of-Use Asset and Associated Lease Liability (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Other Commitments [Line Items]
Operating Lease, Right-of-Use Asset, Statement of Financial Position [Extensible Enumeration]	Other assets	Other assets
Operating Lease, Liability, Statement of Financial Position [Extensible Enumeration]	Other liabilities	Other liabilities
Operating Lease, Right-of-Use Asset	$ 53,156	$ 60,296
Operating Lease, Liability	$ 58,543	$ 66,375

Leases - Components of Net Lease Cost (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
Other Commitments [Line Items]
Operating Lease, Cost	$ 12,133	$ 11,760	$ 11,073
Variable Lease, Cost	1,987	1,800	1,732
Sublease Income	(1,634)	(1,562)	(1,454)
Net lease, Cost	$ 12,486	$ 11,998	$ 11,351

Leases - Future minimum payments for operating leases (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Other Commitments [Line Items]
2023	$ 11,597
2024	10,454
2025	9,110
2026	7,898
2027	6,851
Thereafter	18,269
Total future minimum lease payments	64,179
Amounts representing interest	5,636
Present value of minimum lease payments	$ 58,543	$ 66,375

Leases - Narrative (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
Leases - Narrative (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Other Commitments [Line Items]
Operating Lease, Weighted Average Remaining Lease Term	7 years
Operating Lease, Weighted Average Discount Rate, Percent	2.50%
Operating Lease, Payments	$ 12,600	$ 12,500
Right-of-Use Asset Obtained in Exchange for Operating Lease Liability	1,900	$ 7,200
OREGON
Other Commitments [Line Items]
Sale and Leaseback Transaction, Gain (Loss), Net	3,700
Gateway Retail location \| OREGON
Other Commitments [Line Items]
Sale leaseback transaction, monthly rental payments	13
Gateway Office location [Domain] \| OREGON
Other Commitments [Line Items]
Sale leaseback transaction, monthly rental payments	$ 9

Deposits Summary (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Deposits [Abstract]
Demand and other noninterest-bearing	$ 8,373,350	$ 8,856,714
Money market	2,972,838	3,525,299
Interest-bearing demand	1,980,631	1,999,407
Savings	1,555,765	1,617,546
Interest-bearing public funds, other than certificates of deposit	670,580	779,146
Certificates of deposit, less than $250,000	215,848	249,120
Certificates of deposit, $250,000 or more	124,411	160,490
Certificates of deposit insured by CDARS®	21,828	35,611
Reciprocal money market accounts	796,199	786,046
Subtotal	16,711,450	18,009,379
Deposits, Valuation Adjustment From Acquisition Accounting	0	736
Total deposits	$ 16,711,450	$ 18,010,115

Deposits, Time Deposits Maturity Table (Details) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2022 USD ($)
Time Deposits, Fiscal Year Maturity [Abstract]
2023	$ 266,873
2024	62,907
2025	14,325
2026	9,688
2027	8,284
Thereafter	10
Total	$ 362,087

Deposits - Narrative (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Deposits [Abstract]
Noninterest-bearing deposits held for sale	$ 259,360
Interest-bearing deposits held for sale	325,696
Overdrafts Reclassified as Loan Balances	1,600	$ 2,400
Time deposits held for sale	$ 23,900

Federal Home Loan Bank and Federal Reserve Bank Borrowings - maturities (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
FHLB Fixed Rate Advances, Maturities Summary [Abstract]
Federal Home Loan Bank, Advances, Maturities Summary, Average Interest Rate of Amounts Due within One Year of Balance Sheet Date	4.42%
FHLB Fixed Rate Advances, Weighted Average Interest Rate, Due after 10 years	5.37%
Federal Home Loan Bank, Advances, Maturities Summary, Fixed Rate, under One Year	$ 949,000
FHLB Fixed Rate Advances, Due after 10 years	5,000
FHLB Fixed Rate Advances, Total Amount before valuation adjustment	954,000	$ 7,000
Valuation adjustment from acquisition accounting	315
FHLB Fixed Rate Advances, Total Amount	$ 954,315

Federal Home Loan Bank and Federal Reserve Bank Borrowings - Average balances and rates (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
Federal Home Loan Bank, Advances, Activity for Year [Abstract]
FHLB Advances	$ 954,315	$ 7,359	$ 7,414
Federal Home Loan Bank, Advances, Activity for Year, Average Balance of Agreements Outstanding	112,012	7,388	341,643
Maximum month-end balance during the year	$ 954,315	$ 7,409	$ 1,005,464
Weighted average rate during the year	4.23%	4.94%	1.82%
Weighted average rate at December 31	4.43%	4.94%	4.94%

Federal Home Loan Bank and Federal Reserve Bank Borrowings (Narrative) (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
Federal Home Loan Bank and Federal Reserve Bank Borrowings [Abstract]
FHLB Borrowing Capacity	$ 1,920,000	$ 2,180,000
FHLB Fixed Rate Advances, Total Amount before valuation adjustment	954,000	7,000
Federal Reserve Bank borrowing capacity	198,800	226,000
Federal Reserve Bank, Average balance during the year	$ 1,700	$ 0	$ 1,100
Paycheck Protection Program Liquidity Facility (PPPLF) borrowing rate	0.35%

Securities Sold Under Agreements to Repurchase (Details) $ in Millions	Dec. 31, 2022 USD ($)
Assets Sold under Agreements to Repurchase [Line Items]
Carrying value of securities available-for-sale pledged as collateral for sweep repurchase agreements	$ 106.1
Repurchase Agreements, Sweep \| Available-for-sale Securities
Assets Sold under Agreements to Repurchase [Line Items]
Assets Sold under Agreements to Repurchase, Sweep, Carrying Amount	$ 95.2
Assets Sold under Agreements to Repurchase, Sweep, Interest rate	3.94%

Subordinated debentures (Details) - Narrative - USD ($) $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022	Oct. 01, 2021
Bank of Commerce \| Subordinated Debt
Subordinated Borrowing [Line Items]
Business Combination, Purchase Price Allocation, Junior Subordinated Debt		$ 10.0
Subordinated Debt
Subordinated Borrowing [Line Items]
Debt Instrument, Interest Rate Terms	5.26%

Junior subordinated debentures (Details) - Junior subordinated debentures - USD ($) $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022	Oct. 01, 2021
Subordinated Borrowing [Line Items]
Debt Instrument, Interest Rate Terms	158.00%
Bank of Commerce
Subordinated Borrowing [Line Items]
Business Combination, Purchase Price Allocation, Junior Subordinated Debt		$ 10.3

Revolving line of credit (Details) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2022 USD ($)
Line of Credit Facility [Line Items]
Line of Credit Facility, Maximum Borrowing Capacity	$ 15,000
Line of Credit
Line of Credit Facility [Line Items]
Short-term Debt	$ 0

Derivative and Balance Sheet Offsetting - Fair value of derivatives & classifications table (Details) - Not Designated as Hedging Instrument - Interest Rate Contracts - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Other Assets
Derivative [Line Items]
Derivative Asset, Fair Value, Gross Asset	$ 40,289	$ 24,257
Other Assets \| Interest Rate Lock Commitments
Derivative [Line Items]
Derivative Asset, Fair Value, Gross Asset	0	356
Other Assets \| Forward sales contracts
Derivative [Line Items]
Derivative Asset, Fair Value, Gross Asset	0	0
Other Assets \| Interest Rate Swap
Derivative [Line Items]
Derivative Asset, Fair Value, Gross Asset	40,289	24,257
Other Liabilities
Derivative [Line Items]
Derivative Liability, Fair Value, Gross Liability	40,289	24,257
Other Liabilities \| Interest Rate Lock Commitments
Derivative [Line Items]
Derivative Liability, Fair Value, Gross Liability	0	0
Other Liabilities \| Forward sales contracts
Derivative [Line Items]
Derivative Liability, Fair Value, Gross Liability	0	27
Other Liabilities \| Interest Rate Swap
Derivative [Line Items]
Derivative Liability, Fair Value, Gross Liability	$ 40,289	$ 24,257

Derivative and Balance Sheet Offsetting - Cash flow hedge effect on AOCI table (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Balance Sheet Offsetting [Line Items]
Amount of Gain (Loss) Recognized in Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income on Derivative	$ 0	$ 0
Amount of Gain (Loss) Reclassified from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income into Income	$ 10,441	$ 10,441

Derivatives and Balance Sheet Offsetting - Not designated as hedging instruments gain/loss table (Details) - Not Designated as Hedging Instrument - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
Balance Sheet Offsetting [Line Items]
Derivative, Gain (Loss) on Derivative, Net	$ (329)	$ (551)	$ 479
Interest Rate Contracts \| Interest Rate Lock Commitments
Balance Sheet Offsetting [Line Items]
Derivative, Gain (Loss) on Derivative, Net	(356)	(740)	1,096
Interest Rate Contracts \| Forward sales contracts
Balance Sheet Offsetting [Line Items]
Derivative, Gain (Loss) on Derivative, Net	27	139	(165)
Interest Rate Contracts \| Interest Rate Swap
Balance Sheet Offsetting [Line Items]
Derivative, Gain (Loss) on Derivative, Net	$ 0	$ 50	$ (452)

Derivatives and balance Sheet Offsetting - Collateral pledged table (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Balance Sheet Offsetting [Line Items]
Repurchase agreements, amounts offset in balance sheet	$ 0	$ 0
repurchase agreements, net amount presented in statement of financial position	95,168	86,013
Securities Sold under Agreements to Repurchase, Collateral, Right to Reclaim Securities	(95,168)	(86,013)
securities sold under agreements to repurchase, amount not offset	0	0
Interest Rate Contracts
Balance Sheet Offsetting [Line Items]
Derivative Assets, Gross Amounts Offset in the Balance Sheets	0	0
Derivative Assets	40,289	24,257
Derivative, Collateral, Obligation to Return Securities	(39,450)	(450)
Derivative Asset, Fair Value, Amount Not Offset Against Collateral	839	23,807
Derivative Liability, Gross Amounts Offset in Balance Sheets	0	0
Derivative Liabilities	40,289	24,257
Derivative, Collateral, Right to Reclaim Securities	(180)	(20,747)
Derivative Liability, Fair Value, Amount Not Offset Against Collateral	40,109	3,510
Not Designated as Hedging Instrument \| Interest Rate Contracts \| Other Assets
Balance Sheet Offsetting [Line Items]
Derivative Asset, Fair Value, Gross Asset	40,289	24,257
Not Designated as Hedging Instrument \| Interest Rate Contracts \| Other Liabilities
Balance Sheet Offsetting [Line Items]
Derivative Liability, Fair Value, Gross Liability	40,289	24,257
Available-for-sale Securities
Balance Sheet Offsetting [Line Items]
Assets Sold under Agreements to Repurchase, Carrying Amount	$ 95,168	$ 86,013

Derivatives and Balance Sheet Offsetting - Collateral pledged for repurchase agreements table (Details) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2022 USD ($)
Balance Sheet Offsetting [Line Items]
Secured Borrowings, Gross Including Not Subject to Master Netting Arrangement	$ 95,168
Secured Borrowings, Gross, Difference, Amount	0
U.S. Government Agency and Government-Sponsored Enterprise Mortgage-Backed Securities and Collateralized Mortgage Obligations
Balance Sheet Offsetting [Line Items]
Secured Borrowings, Gross Including Not Subject to Master Netting Arrangement	95,168
Maturity Overnight \| U.S. Government Agency and Government-Sponsored Enterprise Mortgage-Backed Securities and Collateralized Mortgage Obligations
Balance Sheet Offsetting [Line Items]
Secured Borrowings, Gross Including Not Subject to Master Netting Arrangement	95,168
Maturity Less than 30 Days \| U.S. Government Agency and Government-Sponsored Enterprise Mortgage-Backed Securities and Collateralized Mortgage Obligations
Balance Sheet Offsetting [Line Items]
Secured Borrowings, Gross Including Not Subject to Master Netting Arrangement	0
Maturity 30 to 90 Days \| U.S. Government Agency and Government-Sponsored Enterprise Mortgage-Backed Securities and Collateralized Mortgage Obligations
Balance Sheet Offsetting [Line Items]
Secured Borrowings, Gross Including Not Subject to Master Netting Arrangement	0
Maturity Greater than 90 Days \| U.S. Government Agency and Government-Sponsored Enterprise Mortgage-Backed Securities and Collateralized Mortgage Obligations
Balance Sheet Offsetting [Line Items]
Secured Borrowings, Gross Including Not Subject to Master Netting Arrangement	$ 0

Derivatives and Balance Sheet Offsetting - Narrative (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Balance Sheet Offsetting [Line Items]
Interest Rate Cash Flow Hedge Gain (Loss) to be Reclassified During Next 12 Months, Net	$ 10,400
Gain on termination of interest rate collar	34,400
Secured Borrowings, Gross Including Not Subject to Master Netting Arrangement	95,168
Commitments To Originate Loans Held For Sale
Balance Sheet Offsetting [Line Items]
Commitments and Contingencies	0	$ 21,800
Forward sales contracts
Balance Sheet Offsetting [Line Items]
Commitments and Contingencies	0	18,500
Not Designated as Hedging Instrument \| Interest Rate Contracts
Balance Sheet Offsetting [Line Items]
Derivative, Notional Amount	520,900	$ 570,200
Designated as Hedging Instrument \| Interest rate collar
Balance Sheet Offsetting [Line Items]
Derivative, Notional Amount	$ 500,000

Employee Benefit Plans - reconciliation of accumulated liability projected benefit obligations (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Defined Benefit Plan, Change in Benefit Obligation [Roll Forward]
Balance at beginning of year	$ 32,094	$ 27,402
Defined Benefit Plan, Benefit Obligation, established through acquisition	0	4,889
Change in actuarial loss	(5,850)	(732)
Benefit expense	1,854	1,735
Defined Benefit Plan, Benefit Obligation, Benefits Paid	1,567	1,200
Balance at end of year	$ 26,531	$ 32,094

Employee Benefit Plans - Projected benefits maturity table (Details) - SERP $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2022 USD ($)
Defined Benefit Plan, Expected Future Benefit Payment [Abstract]
2023	$ 1,856
2024	2,155
2025	2,348
2026	2,311
2027	2,294
2027 through 2032	9,553
Total	$ 20,517

Employee Benefit Plans (Details) - Narrative $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
Employee Benefit Plans (Details) - Narrative $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2022 USD ($) years period shares	Dec. 31, 2021 USD ($) shares	Dec. 31, 2020 USD ($) shares
Employee Benefit [Line Items]
Number of Look-back Period Under Employee Stock Purchase Plan \| period	2
Look-back Period Under Employee Stock Purchase Plan	6 months
Discount On Common Stock Under Employee Stock Purchase Plan, Percent	10.00%
Stock Issued During Period, Shares, Employee Stock Purchase Plans \| shares	74,627	63,586	79,297
Stock Issued During Period, Value, Employee Stock Purchase Plan	$ 2,200	$ 2,300	$ 2,200
Shares Available For Purchase Under Employee Stock Purchase Plan \| shares	85,646
Pension Plan
Employee Benefit [Line Items]
Deferred Compensation Arrangement with Individual, Contributions by Employer	$ 3,500	4,000	3,800
Pension Plan \| Minimum
Employee Benefit [Line Items]
Deferred Compensation Arrangement with Individual, Eligible Age \| years	18
Pension Plan \| Maximum
Employee Benefit [Line Items]
Deferred Compensation Arrangement with Individual, Contribution Requirements, Percent Of Each Employee Compensation	3.00%
Deferred Profit Sharing
Employee Benefit [Line Items]
Deferred Compensation Arrangement with Individual, Contribution To Plan By Employee, Percent Of Eligible Compensation	75.00%
Deferred Compensation Arrangement with Individual, Contribution Requirements, Matching Percent	50.00%
Deferred Compensation Arrangement with Individual, Contributions by Employer	$ 8,000	7,700	8,100
Deferred Profit Sharing \| Minimum
Employee Benefit [Line Items]
Deferred Compensation Arrangement with Individual, Eligible Age \| years	18
Deferred Profit Sharing \| Maximum
Employee Benefit [Line Items]
Deferred Compensation Arrangement with Individual, Contribution Requirements, Percent Of Each Employee Compensation	3.00%
ESP Plan
Employee Benefit [Line Items]
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Discount from Market Price, Purchase Date	90.00%
Unit Plans
Employee Benefit [Line Items]
Deferred Compensation Arrangement with Individual, Vesting Period	10 years
Deferred Compensation Arrangement with Individual, Benefit Period	10 years
Deferred Compensation Arrangement with Individual, Recorded Liability	$ 3,800	3,800
Deferred Compensation Arrangement with Individual, Compensation Expense	$ 471	$ 363	$ 488
SERP
Employee Benefit [Line Items]
Defined Benefit Plan, Assumptions Used Calculating Benefit Obligation, Discount Rate	5.25%	2.84%
Defined Benefit Plan, Assumptions Used Calculating Benefit Obligation, Normal Retirement Age \| years	65
Defined Benefit Plan, Assumptions Used Calculating Benefit Obligation, Annual Cost Of Living Benefit Adjustment	2.00%

Commitments and Contingent Liabilities (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Commitments to Extend Credit
Loss Contingencies [Line Items]
Fair Value Disclosure, Off-balance Sheet Risks, Amount, Liability	$ 3,910.0	$ 3,500.0
Standby Letters of Credit
Loss Contingencies [Line Items]
Fair Value Disclosure, Off-balance Sheet Risks, Amount, Liability	$ 33.2	$ 36.0

Shareholders' Equity (Details) - $ / shares	Jan. 24, 2023	Oct. 05, 2022	Jul. 21, 2022	Apr. 21, 2022	Jan. 19, 2022
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Declared quarterly cash dividend		$ 0.30	$ 0.30	$ 0.30	$ 0.30
Subsequent Event [Member]
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Declared quarterly cash dividend	$ 0.30

Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) [Line Items]
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss), Net of Tax	$ (510,495)	$ 35,162	$ 182,195	$ 40,367
Other Comprehensive Income (Loss), before Reclassifications, Net of Tax	(531,729)	(136,920)	148,190
Reclassification from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income, Current Period, Net of Tax	(13,928)	(10,113)	(6,362)
Other Comprehensive Income (Loss), Net of Tax, Portion Attributable to Parent	(545,657)	(147,033)	141,828
Unrealized Gains and Losses on Available-for-Sale Debt Securities
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) [Line Items]
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss), Net of Tax	(519,195)	23,134	163,174	33,038
Other Comprehensive Income (Loss), before Reclassifications, Net of Tax	(536,262)	(137,482)	130,355
Reclassification from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income, Current Period, Net of Tax	(6,067)	(2,558)	(219)
Other Comprehensive Income (Loss), Net of Tax, Portion Attributable to Parent	(542,329)	(140,040)	130,136
Unrealized Gains and Losses on Pension Plan Liability
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) [Line Items]
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss), Net of Tax	123	(4,812)	(5,833)	(3,974)
Other Comprehensive Income (Loss), before Reclassifications, Net of Tax	4,533	562	(2,177)
Reclassification from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income, Current Period, Net of Tax	402	459	318
Other Comprehensive Income (Loss), Net of Tax, Portion Attributable to Parent	4,935	1,021	(1,859)
Unrealized Gains and Losses from Hedging Instruments
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) [Line Items]
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss), Net of Tax	8,577	16,840	24,854	$ 11,303
Other Comprehensive Income (Loss), before Reclassifications, Net of Tax	0	0	20,012
Reclassification from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income, Current Period, Net of Tax	(8,263)	(8,014)	(6,461)
Other Comprehensive Income (Loss), Net of Tax, Portion Attributable to Parent	$ (8,263)	$ (8,014)	$ 13,551

Fair Value, Balance Sheet Grouping, Financial Statement Captions [Line Items]

Accumulated change in equity from transactions and other events and circumstances from non-owner sources, net of tax effect, at period end. Excludes Net Income (Loss), and accumulated changes in equity from transactions resulting from investments by owners and distributions to owners. Includes foreign currency translation items, certain pension adjustments, unrealized gains and losses on certain investments in debt and equity securities, other than temporary impairment (OTTI) losses related to factors other than credit losses on available-for-sale and held-to-maturity debt securities that an entity does not intend to sell and it is not more likely than not that the entity will be required to sell before recovery of the amortized cost basis, as well as changes in the fair value of derivatives related to the effective portion of a designated cash flow hedge.

+ References + Details

Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Reclassification out of AOCI) (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
Reclassification Adjustment out of Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income [Line Items]
Net Interest Income	$ 622,836	$ 527,519	$ 500,111
Income before income taxes	317,647	256,509	192,392
Income Tax Expense (Benefit)	(67,469)	(53,689)	(38,148)
Net income	250,178	202,820	154,244
Compensation and employee benefits	241,139	224,034	209,722
Reclassification out of Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income \| Unrealized Gains and Losses on Available-for-Sale Debt Securities
Reclassification Adjustment out of Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income [Line Items]
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale, Realized Gain (Loss)	(9)	315	285
Income before income taxes	7,805	3,333	285
Income Tax Expense (Benefit)	(1,738)	(775)	(66)
Net income	6,067	2,558	219
Reclassification out of Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income \| Unrealized Gains and Losses on Pension Plan Liability
Reclassification Adjustment out of Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income [Line Items]
Income before income taxes	(524)	(598)	(414)
Income Tax Expense (Benefit)	122	139	96
Net income	(402)	(459)	(318)
Compensation and employee benefits	(524)	(598)	(414)
Reclassification out of Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income \| Unrealized Gains and Losses from Hedging Instruments
Reclassification Adjustment out of Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income [Line Items]
Income before income taxes	10,441	10,441	8,418
Income Tax Expense (Benefit)	(2,178)	(2,427)	(1,957)
Net income	8,263	8,014	6,461
Interest Rate Cash Flow Hedge Gain (Loss) Reclassified to Earnings, Net	10,441	10,441	8,418
Reclassification out of Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income \| Amortization of unrealized gains and losses related to available for sale securities transfer
Reclassification Adjustment out of Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income [Line Items]
Net Interest Income	$ 7,814	$ 3,018	$ 0

Fair Value Accounting and Measurement (Financial Assets And Liabilities Accounted for Fair Value On Recurring Basis) (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Thousands

Dec. 31, 2022

Dec. 31, 2021

$ 4,589,099

$ 5,910,999

Fair Value, Balance Sheet Grouping, Financial Statement Captions [Line Items]

^[1]

907

9,570

Fair Value, Recurring

4,589,099

5,910,999

Fair Value, Inputs, Level 1 | Fair Value, Recurring

907

9,570

Fair Value, Balance Sheet Grouping, Financial Statement Captions [Line Items]

167,896

157,536

Fair Value, Inputs, Level 2 | Fair Value, Recurring

0

Fair Value, Balance Sheet Grouping, Financial Statement Captions [Line Items]

4,421,203

5,753,463

Fair Value, Inputs, Level 3 | Fair Value, Recurring

907

9,570

Fair Value, Balance Sheet Grouping, Financial Statement Captions [Line Items]

0

U.S. Government Agency and Sponsored Enterprise Mortgage-Back Securities and Collateralized Mortgage Obligations | Fair Value, Recurring

0

Fair Value, Balance Sheet Grouping, Financial Statement Captions [Line Items]

U.S. Government Agency and Sponsored Enterprise Mortgage-Back Securities and Collateralized Mortgage Obligations | Fair Value, Inputs, Level 1 | Fair Value, Recurring

2,759,710

3,745,601

Fair Value, Balance Sheet Grouping, Financial Statement Captions [Line Items]

U.S. Government Agency and Sponsored Enterprise Mortgage-Back Securities and Collateralized Mortgage Obligations | Fair Value, Inputs, Level 2 | Fair Value, Recurring

0

Fair Value, Balance Sheet Grouping, Financial Statement Captions [Line Items]

U.S. Government Agency and Sponsored Enterprise Mortgage-Back Securities and Collateralized Mortgage Obligations | Fair Value, Inputs, Level 3 | Fair Value, Recurring

2,759,710

3,745,601

Fair Value, Balance Sheet Grouping, Financial Statement Captions [Line Items]

Fair Value, Balance Sheet Grouping, Financial Statement Captions [Line Items]

0

Asset-backed Securities

Asset-backed Securities | Fair Value, Recurring

327,353

463,063

Fair Value, Balance Sheet Grouping, Financial Statement Captions [Line Items]

Asset-backed Securities | Fair Value, Inputs, Level 1 | Fair Value, Recurring

327,353

463,063

Fair Value, Balance Sheet Grouping, Financial Statement Captions [Line Items]

Asset-backed Securities | Fair Value, Inputs, Level 2 | Fair Value, Recurring

0

Fair Value, Balance Sheet Grouping, Financial Statement Captions [Line Items]

Asset-backed Securities | Fair Value, Inputs, Level 3 | Fair Value, Recurring

327,353

463,063

Fair Value, Balance Sheet Grouping, Financial Statement Captions [Line Items]

State and Municipal Securities

0

Fair Value, Balance Sheet Grouping, Financial Statement Captions [Line Items]

State and Municipal Securities | Fair Value, Recurring

834,073

997,291

Fair Value, Balance Sheet Grouping, Financial Statement Captions [Line Items]

State and Municipal Securities | Fair Value, Inputs, Level 1 | Fair Value, Recurring

834,073

997,291

Fair Value, Balance Sheet Grouping, Financial Statement Captions [Line Items]

State and Municipal Securities | Fair Value, Inputs, Level 2 | Fair Value, Recurring

0

Fair Value, Balance Sheet Grouping, Financial Statement Captions [Line Items]

State and Municipal Securities | Fair Value, Inputs, Level 3 | Fair Value, Recurring

834,073

997,291

Fair Value, Balance Sheet Grouping, Financial Statement Captions [Line Items]

U.S. Government Agency and government-sponsored enterprise securities | Fair Value, Recurring

0

Fair Value, Balance Sheet Grouping, Financial Statement Captions [Line Items]

U.S. Government Agency and government-sponsored enterprise securities | Fair Value, Inputs, Level 1 | Fair Value, Recurring

208,769

252,576

Fair Value, Balance Sheet Grouping, Financial Statement Captions [Line Items]

U.S. Government Agency and government-sponsored enterprise securities | Fair Value, Inputs, Level 2 | Fair Value, Recurring

0

Fair Value, Balance Sheet Grouping, Financial Statement Captions [Line Items]

U.S. Government Agency and government-sponsored enterprise securities | Fair Value, Inputs, Level 3 | Fair Value, Recurring

208,769

252,576

Fair Value, Balance Sheet Grouping, Financial Statement Captions [Line Items]

Fair Value, Balance Sheet Grouping, Financial Statement Captions [Line Items]

0

US Government Securities

US Government Securities | Fair Value, Recurring

167,896

157,536

Fair Value, Balance Sheet Grouping, Financial Statement Captions [Line Items]

US Government Securities | Fair Value, Inputs, Level 1 | Fair Value, Recurring

167,896

157,536

Fair Value, Balance Sheet Grouping, Financial Statement Captions [Line Items]

US Government Securities | Fair Value, Inputs, Level 2 | Fair Value, Recurring

167,896

157,536

Fair Value, Balance Sheet Grouping, Financial Statement Captions [Line Items]

US Government Securities | Fair Value, Inputs, Level 3 | Fair Value, Recurring

0

Fair Value, Balance Sheet Grouping, Financial Statement Captions [Line Items]

Non-agency collateralized mortgage obligations

0

Fair Value, Balance Sheet Grouping, Financial Statement Captions [Line Items]

Non-agency collateralized mortgage obligations | Fair Value, Recurring

291,298

294,932

Fair Value, Balance Sheet Grouping, Financial Statement Captions [Line Items]

Non-agency collateralized mortgage obligations | Fair Value, Inputs, Level 1 | Fair Value, Recurring

291,298

294,932

Fair Value, Balance Sheet Grouping, Financial Statement Captions [Line Items]

Non-agency collateralized mortgage obligations | Fair Value, Inputs, Level 2 | Fair Value, Recurring

0

Fair Value, Balance Sheet Grouping, Financial Statement Captions [Line Items]

Non-agency collateralized mortgage obligations | Fair Value, Inputs, Level 3 | Fair Value, Recurring

291,298

294,932

Fair Value, Balance Sheet Grouping, Financial Statement Captions [Line Items]

Interest Rate Lock Commitments | Fair Value, Recurring

0

Fair Value, Balance Sheet Grouping, Financial Statement Captions [Line Items]

Interest Rate Lock Commitments | Fair Value, Inputs, Level 1 | Fair Value, Recurring

356

Fair Value, Balance Sheet Grouping, Financial Statement Captions [Line Items]

Interest Rate Lock Commitments | Fair Value, Inputs, Level 2 | Fair Value, Recurring

0

Fair Value, Balance Sheet Grouping, Financial Statement Captions [Line Items]

Interest Rate Lock Commitments | Fair Value, Inputs, Level 3 | Fair Value, Recurring

0

Fair Value, Balance Sheet Grouping, Financial Statement Captions [Line Items]

Interest Rate Swap | Fair Value, Recurring

356

Fair Value, Balance Sheet Grouping, Financial Statement Captions [Line Items]

Interest rate derivative liabilities, at fair value

40,289

24,257

40,289

24,257

Interest Rate Swap | Fair Value, Inputs, Level 1 | Fair Value, Recurring

Fair Value, Balance Sheet Grouping, Financial Statement Captions [Line Items]

Interest rate derivative liabilities, at fair value

0

0

Interest Rate Swap | Fair Value, Inputs, Level 2 | Fair Value, Recurring

Fair Value, Balance Sheet Grouping, Financial Statement Captions [Line Items]

Interest rate derivative liabilities, at fair value

40,289

24,257

40,289

24,257

Interest Rate Swap | Fair Value, Inputs, Level 3 | Fair Value, Recurring

Fair Value, Balance Sheet Grouping, Financial Statement Captions [Line Items]

Interest rate derivative liabilities, at fair value

0

$ 0

0

Forward sales contracts | Fair Value, Recurring

Fair Value, Balance Sheet Grouping, Financial Statement Captions [Line Items]

Forward sales contracts | Fair Value, Inputs, Level 1 | Fair Value, Recurring

27

Fair Value, Balance Sheet Grouping, Financial Statement Captions [Line Items]

Forward sales contracts | Fair Value, Inputs, Level 2 | Fair Value, Recurring

0

Fair Value, Balance Sheet Grouping, Financial Statement Captions [Line Items]

Forward sales contracts | Fair Value, Inputs, Level 3 | Fair Value, Recurring

27

Fair Value, Balance Sheet Grouping, Financial Statement Captions [Line Items]

$ 0

[1]	Amounts represent loans for which the Company has elected the fair value option. The remaining loans held for sale at December 31, 2022 relate to our pending divestitures and are held at the lower of cost or market value.

Fair Value Accounting and Measurement (IRL Quantitative Information About Level 3 Fair Value Measurements) (Details) - Interest Rate Lock Commitments $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2021 USD ($)
Measurement input pull through rate member \| Valuation technique internal pricing model member \| Minimum \| Fair Value, Inputs, Level 3
Fair Value Measurement Inputs and Valuation Techniques [Line Items]
Interest rate derivative asset, Measurement Input	0.8022
Measurement input pull through rate member \| Valuation technique internal pricing model member \| Maximum \| Fair Value, Inputs, Level 3
Fair Value Measurement Inputs and Valuation Techniques [Line Items]
Interest rate derivative asset, Measurement Input	0.9659
Measurement input pull through rate member \| Valuation technique internal pricing model member \| Weighted Average \| Fair Value, Inputs, Level 3
Fair Value Measurement Inputs and Valuation Techniques [Line Items]
Interest rate derivative asset, Measurement Input	0.8784
Fair Value, Recurring
Fair Value Measurement Inputs and Valuation Techniques [Line Items]
Interest rate derivative assets, at fair value	$ 356
Fair Value, Recurring \| Fair Value, Inputs, Level 3
Fair Value Measurement Inputs and Valuation Techniques [Line Items]
Interest rate derivative assets, at fair value	$ 356

Fair Value Accounting and Measurement (IRL rollforward) (Details) - Interest Rate Lock Commitments - Fair Value, Inputs, Level 3 - Fair Value, Recurring - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
Fair Value, Balance Sheet Grouping, Financial Statement Captions [Line Items]
Balance - Fair Value, Measurement with Unobservable Inputs Reconciliation, Recurring Basis, Asset Value	$ 0	$ 356	$ 1,096
Change included in Earnings - Fair Value, Net Derivative Asset (Liability) Measured on Recurring Basis, Unobservable Inputs Reconciliation, Gain (Loss) Included in Earnings	215	7,051
Settlements - Fair Value Net Derivative Asset (Liability) Measured on Recurring Basis with Unobserved Inputs reconciliation, Sales and Settlements	$ (571)	$ (7,791)

Fair Value Accounting and Measurement Equity securities without readily determinable values (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract]
Equity Securities without Readily Determinable Fair Value, Amount	$ 13,425	$ 13,425

Fair Value Accounting and Measurement (Financial Assets Accounted For Fair Value On Nonrecurring Basis) (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Equity Securities without Readily Determinable Fair Value, Amount	$ 13,425	$ 13,425
Fair Value, Option, Changes in Fair Value, Gain (Loss)	169	339	$ (508)
Fair Value, Nonrecurring
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Collateral dependent loans, Fair Value	195	7,615
Other real estate owned, fair value disclosure		375
Fair Value, Inputs, Level 1 \| Fair Value, Nonrecurring
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Collateral dependent loans, Fair Value	0	0
Other real estate owned, fair value disclosure		0
Fair Value, Inputs, Level 2 \| Fair Value, Nonrecurring
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Collateral dependent loans, Fair Value	0	0
Other real estate owned, fair value disclosure		0
Fair Value, Inputs, Level 3 \| Fair Value, Nonrecurring
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Collateral dependent loans, Fair Value	195	7,615
Other real estate owned, fair value disclosure		375
Collateral dependent loans [Domain] \| Fair Value, Nonrecurring
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Fair Value, Option, Changes in Fair Value, Gain (Loss)	$ 1,561	1,976
Other real estate owned \| Fair Value, Nonrecurring
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Fair Value, Option, Changes in Fair Value, Gain (Loss)		$ 140

Fair Value Accounting and Measurement (Quantitative Information About Level 3 Fair Value Measurements) (Details) - Fair Value, Nonrecurring $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2022 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2021 USD ($)
Fair Value Measurement Inputs and Valuation Techniques [Line Items]
Collateral dependent loans, Fair Value	$ 195	$ 7,615
Other real estate owned, fair value disclosure		375
Fair Value, Inputs, Level 3
Fair Value Measurement Inputs and Valuation Techniques [Line Items]
Collateral dependent loans, Fair Value	$ 195	7,615
Other real estate owned, fair value disclosure		$ 375
Valuation, Market Approach \| Minimum \| Fair Value, Inputs, Level 3
Fair Value Measurement Inputs and Valuation Techniques [Line Items]
Collateral dependent loans, Measurement Input	0.02	0.0000
Valuation, Market Approach \| Maximum \| Fair Value, Inputs, Level 3
Fair Value Measurement Inputs and Valuation Techniques [Line Items]
Collateral dependent loans, Measurement Input		1.0000
Valuation, Market Approach \| Weighted Average \| Fair Value, Inputs, Level 3
Fair Value Measurement Inputs and Valuation Techniques [Line Items]
Collateral dependent loans, Measurement Input		0.4800

Fair Value Accounting and Measurement (Carrying Amounts and Estimated Fair Values of Selected Financial Instruments) (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Thousands

Dec. 31, 2022

Dec. 31, 2021

Assets

$ 29,283

$ 671,300

Debt Securities, Held-to-Maturity, Amortized Cost, after Allowance for Credit Loss

4,589,099

5,910,999

2,034,792

2,148,327

1,722,778

2,122,606

Estimate of Fair Value Measurement

^[1]

907

9,570

Assets

262,458

153,414

29,283

671,300

4,589,099

5,910,999

1,722,778

2,122,606

48,160

10,280

76,843

9,774

11,072,802

10,679,349

351,084

430,682

954,147

8,752

95,168

86,013

10,013

10,125

9,919

9,927

Carrying Amount

Assets

262,458

153,414

29,283

671,300

Debt Securities, Held-to-Maturity, Amortized Cost, after Allowance for Credit Loss

4,589,099

5,910,999

2,034,792

2,148,327

48,160

10,280

76,843

9,774

11,452,535

10,486,359

362,087

445,957

954,315

7,359

95,168

86,013

10,000

Fair Value, Inputs, Level 1 | Estimate of Fair Value Measurement

10,310

Assets

262,458

153,414

29,283

671,300

167,896

157,536

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

Fair Value, Inputs, Level 2 | Estimate of Fair Value Measurement

0

Assets

0

0

4,421,203

5,753,463

1,722,778

2,122,606

48,160

10,280

76,843

9,774

0

351,084

430,682

954,147

8,752

95,168

86,013

10,013

10,125

Fair Value, Inputs, Level 3 | Estimate of Fair Value Measurement

9,919

9,927

Assets

0

0

0

0

0

0

11,072,802

10,679,349

0

0

0

0

Interest Rate Swap | Estimate of Fair Value Measurement

0

Assets

40,289

24,257

Interest rate derivative liabilities, at fair value

40,289

24,257

Interest Rate Swap | Carrying Amount

Assets

40,289

24,257

Interest rate derivative liabilities, at fair value

40,289

24,257

Interest Rate Swap | Fair Value, Inputs, Level 1 | Estimate of Fair Value Measurement

Assets

0

Interest rate derivative liabilities, at fair value

0

Interest Rate Swap | Fair Value, Inputs, Level 2 | Estimate of Fair Value Measurement

Assets

40,289

24,257

Interest rate derivative liabilities, at fair value

40,289

24,257

Interest Rate Swap | Fair Value, Inputs, Level 3 | Estimate of Fair Value Measurement

Assets

0

Interest rate derivative liabilities, at fair value

$ 0

0

Interest Rate Lock Commitments | Estimate of Fair Value Measurement

Assets

Interest Rate Lock Commitments | Carrying Amount

356

Assets

Interest Rate Lock Commitments | Fair Value, Inputs, Level 1 | Estimate of Fair Value Measurement

356

Assets

Interest Rate Lock Commitments | Fair Value, Inputs, Level 2 | Estimate of Fair Value Measurement

0

Assets

Interest Rate Lock Commitments | Fair Value, Inputs, Level 3 | Estimate of Fair Value Measurement

0

Assets

Forward sales contracts | Estimate of Fair Value Measurement

356

Interest rate derivative liabilities, at fair value

27

Forward sales contracts | Carrying Amount

Interest rate derivative liabilities, at fair value

27

Forward sales contracts | Fair Value, Inputs, Level 1 | Estimate of Fair Value Measurement

Interest rate derivative liabilities, at fair value

0

Forward sales contracts | Fair Value, Inputs, Level 2 | Estimate of Fair Value Measurement

Interest rate derivative liabilities, at fair value

27

Forward sales contracts | Fair Value, Inputs, Level 3 | Estimate of Fair Value Measurement