UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
 
FORM 10-K
(Mark One)
☒	ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934	
For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2019
or
☐	TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934	
For the transition period from ____________ to ____________
Commission file number: 001-11015

Viad Corp
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

Delaware	 	36-1169950			
State or other jurisdiction of
incorporation or organization	 	(I.R.S. Employer
Identification No.)		
1850 North Central Avenue, Suite 1900
Phoenix, Arizona	 	85004-4565			
(Address of principal executive offices)	 	(Zip Code)		
(602) 207-1000
(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
 
Title of each class	 	Trading Symbol(s)	 	Name of each exchange on which registered		
Common Stock, $1.50 Par Value	 	VVI	 	New York Stock Exchange				

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act: None
 
Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined by Rule 405 of the Securities Act.    Yes  ☒    No  ☐
Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Act.    Yes  ☐    No  ☒
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.    Yes  ☒    No  ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§ 232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files.)    Yes  ☒    No  ☐
Indicate by check mark whether registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.
 
Large accelerated filer	 	☒	  	Accelerated filer	 	☐	
Non-accelerated filer	 	☐	  	Smaller reporting company	 	☐	
 	 	 	 	Emerging growth company	 	☐	
 
If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐    
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Act).    Yes  ☐    No  ☒
The aggregate market value of the Common Stock (based on its closing price per share on such date) held by non-affiliates on the last business day of the registrant’s most recently completed second fiscal quarter (June 29, 2019) was approximately $1.3 billion.
Registrant had 20,350,597 shares of Common Stock ($1.50 par value) outstanding as of January 31, 2020.
Documents Incorporated by Reference
A portion of the Proxy Statement for the Viad Corp Annual Meeting of Shareholders scheduled for May 19, 2020, is incorporated by reference into Part III of this Annual Report.

 

INDEX
 
 	 	Page	
Part I	 	 	
Item 1.	Business	2	
Item 1A.	Risk Factors	15	
Item 1B.	Unresolved Staff Comments	18	
Item 2.	Properties	18	
Item 3.	Legal Proceedings	19	
Item 4.	Mine Safety Disclosures	19	
Other.	Information about our Executive Officers	19	
Part II	 	 	
Item 5.	Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities	21	
Item 6.	Selected Financial Data	23	
Item 7.	Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	24	
Item 7A.	Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk	35	
Item 8.	Financial Statements and Supplementary Data	36	
Item 9.	Changes in and Disagreements With Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure	84	
Item 9A.	Controls and Procedures	84	
Item 9B.	Other Information	87	
Part III	 	 	
Item 10.	Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance	88	
Item 11.	Executive Compensation	88	
Item 12.	Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters	88	
Item 13.	Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence	88	
Item 14.	Principal Accounting Fees and Services	88	
Part IV	 	 	
Item 15.	Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedule	88

 	
Item 16.	Form 10-K Summary	92	

 
In this report, for periods presented, “we,” “us,” “our,” “the Company,” and “Viad Corp” refer to Viad Corp and its subsidiaries.

 

 
 
PART I
Forward-Looking Statements
This Annual Report on Form 10-K (“2019 Form 10-K”) contains a number of forward-looking statements within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. Forward-looking statements may appear throughout this 2019 Form 10-K, including the following sections: “Business” (Part I, Item 1), “Risk Factors” (Part I, Item 1A), “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” (Part II, Item 7), and “Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk” (Part II, Item 7A). Words, and variations of words, such as “will,” “may,” “expect,” “would,” “could,” “might,” “intend,” “plan,” “believe,” “estimate,” “anticipate,” “deliver,” “seek,” “aim,” “potential,” “target,” “outlook,” and similar expressions are intended to identify our forward-looking statements. Similarly, statements that describe our business strategy, outlook, objectives, plans, initiatives, intentions or goals also are forward-looking statements. These forward-looking statements are not historical facts and are subject to a host of risks and uncertainties, many of which are beyond our control, which could cause actual results to differ materially from those in the forward-looking statements.
Important factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from those described in our forward-looking statements include, but are not limited to, the following:

 	•	our ability to successfully integrate and achieve established financial and strategic goals from acquisitions;	
 	•	fluctuations in general economic conditions;	
 	•	our dependence on large exhibition event clients;	
 	•	the importance of key members of our account teams to our business relationships;	
 	•	the competitive nature of the industries in which we operate;	
 	•	travel industry disruptions;	
 	•	unanticipated delays and cost overruns of our capital projects, and our ability to achieve established financial and strategic goals for such projects;	
 	•	seasonality of our businesses;	
 	•	transportation disruptions and increases in transportation costs;	
 	•	natural disasters, weather conditions, and other catastrophic events;	
 	•	our multi-employer pension plan funding obligations;	
 	•	our exposure to labor cost increases and work stoppages related to unionized employees;	
 	•	liabilities relating to prior and discontinued operations;	
 	•	adverse effects of show rotation on our periodic results and operating margins;	
 	•	our exposure to currency exchange rate fluctuations;	
 	•	our exposure to cybersecurity attacks and threats;	
 	•	compliance with laws governing the storage, collection, handling, and transfer of personal data and our exposure to legal claims and fines for data breaches or improper handling of such data;	
 	•	the effects of the United Kingdom’s exit from the European Union; and	
 	•	changes affecting the LIBOR.	
For a more complete discussion of the risks and uncertainties that may affect our business or financial results, refer to “Risk Factors” (Part I, Item 1A of this 2019 Form 10-K). We disclaim and do not undertake any obligation to update or revise any forward-looking statement in this 2019 Form 10-K except as required by applicable law or regulation.
1

Item 1. BUSINESS
We are an international experiential services company with operations in the United States, Canada, the United Kingdom, continental Europe, the United Arab Emirates, and Iceland. We are committed to providing unforgettable experiences to our clients and guests.
We operate through two business groups:
 	•	GES is a global, full-service live events company offering a comprehensive range of services to the world’s leading brands and event organizers.	
 	•	Pursuit is an attractions and hospitality company that provides a collection of inspiring and unforgettable experiences in iconic destinations.	
  
(1)	We define segment operating income as net income attributable to Viad before income (loss) from discontinued operations, corporate activities and eliminations, interest expense and interest income, income taxes, restructuring charges, impairment charges and recoveries, the reduction for income attributable to non-redeemable noncontrolling interest, and the addition of loss attributable to redeemable noncontrolling interest. Refer to Note 23 – Segment Information of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Part II, Item 8 of this 2019 Form 10-K) for a reconciliation of segment operating income to the most directly comparable GAAP measure.	

GES is a global, full-service provider for live events that partners with show organizers, exhibitors, and brand marketers to create high-value, face-to-face events. GES offers a comprehensive range of live event services, from the design and production of compelling, immersive experiences that engage audiences and build brand awareness, to material handling, rigging, electrical, and other on-site event services. In addition, GES offers clients a full suite of audio-visual services from creative and technology to content and design, along with registration, data analytics, engagement, and online tools powered by next generation technologies that help clients easily manage the complexities of their event. For eleven years, GES’ National Servicenter® has been certified under the J.D. Power and Associates Certified Call Center ProgramSM, and this past year also received certification for Chat Channel communication. For ten consecutive years, Ad Age has recognized GES as one of the nation’s largest experiential/event marketing agency networks. For the sixth year in a row, GES is included in Event Marketer magazine’s Fab 50 list of the top exhibit builders.
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GES’ clients include event organizers and corporate brand marketers. Event organizers schedule and run the event from start to finish. Corporate brand marketers include exhibitors and domestic and international corporations that want to promote their brands, services and innovations, feature new products, and build business relationships. GES serves corporate brand marketers when they exhibit at shows and when GES is engaged to manage their global exhibit program or produce their proprietary corporate events.
GES has a leading position in the U.S. with full-service operations in every major exhibition market, including Las Vegas, Chicago, Orlando, New York, and Los Angeles. Additionally, GES has operating facilities at many of the most active and popular international event destinations and venues in the United Kingdom, Canada, Germany, the United Arab Emirates, and the Netherlands.
Markets Served
GES provides a full suite of services for event organizers and corporate brand marketers across four live event markets: Exhibitions, Conferences, Corporate Events, and Consumer Events (collectively, “Live Events”).
 
LIVE EVENT	 	PRIMARY PURPOSE	 	% GES 2019 REVENUE	 	
Exhibitions

 	 	Facilitates business-to-business and business-to-consumer sales and marketing.
 	 	 	56%	 	
Conferences

 	 	Facilitates attendee education. May also include an expo or trade show to further facilitate attendee education and to facilitate business-to-business and business-to-consumer sales and marketing.
 	 	 	27%	 	
Corporate Events

 	 	Facilitates attendee education of sponsoring company’s products or product ecosystem.
 	 	 	15%	 	
Consumer Events

 	 	Entertains, educates, or creates an experience, typically around a specific genre.	 	 	2%	 	
3

Services Offered
GES offers a comprehensive range of services and innovative technology, including Core Services, Event Technology, and Audio-Visual, to event organizers and corporate brand marketers.

Core Services	 	GES provides official contracting services and products to event organizers and corporate brand marketers, which are provided primarily to Exhibitions and Conferences and to a lesser extent to Corporate Events and Consumer Events.
Under various agreements with Live Event organizers, GES has the exclusive right to provide certain contracting services to participating exhibitors. This gives exhibitors a single point of contact to facilitate a timely, safe, and efficient move-in/out of a Live Event and to facilitate an organized, professional, during-show experience. GES also competes with other service providers to sell discretionary services to exhibitors.	
	 	Exclusive Services Discretionary ServicesEvent OrganizersCorporate Brand MarketersCorporate Brand MarketersEvent planning and productionLook and feel designLayout and floor plan designs Furnishings and carpetShow traffic analysisMarketing and strategyElectrical distributionCleaningPlumbingOverhead riggingBooth rigging Material handlingElectrical distributionCleaningPlumbingOverhead riggingBooth rigging Creative design and strategyData analytics and insightsIntegrated marketing and pre/post event communicationsEvent surveysReturn on investment analysisOnline management toolsAttendee/exhibit booth traffic analysisStaff trainingLogistics/transportationExhibit storage/refurbishmentFurnishings and carpetInstallation and dismantling laborTradeshow program management Exclusive Products Discretionary ProductsEvent OrganizersCorporate Brand MarketersSignageCommon area structures Custom exhibit design/constructionPortable/modular exhibits and designGraphics and signage
 	
4

Event Technology	 	Event accommodation solutions:
•Researching and selection of local hotels
•Negotiating and contracting
•Room block management
•Group reservation management
•Rate integrity and monitoring
•Marketing services
•On-site services
•Post-event reporting
Registration and data analytics:
•Registration and ticketing
•Lead management
•Reporting and analytics
•Web-based enterprise-wide application
•Software-as-a-service model or partial and fully managed options
Event management tools:
•Online ordering capabilities
•Sponsorship management solutions
•Content management systems
•Live Event tracking	
 
Audio-Visual	 	•Video production
•Lighting design
•Digital studio services
•Entertainment services and talent coordination
•Projection mapping
•Computer rental and support	
5

Seasonality and Show Rotation
GES’ exhibition and event activity can vary significantly from quarter to quarter and year to year depending on the frequency and timing of shows. Some shows are not held annually and some shift between quarters. During 2019 and 2018, GES reported its highest revenue during second and fourth quarters. The following show rotation revenue metric refers to the net change in revenue from 2018 to 2019 due to show movement between quarters and years. Show rotation refers to shows that occur less frequently than annually, as well as annual shows that shift quarters from one year to the next.

 
Competition
In the Live Events industry, GES generally competes across all classes of services and all markets on the basis of discernible differences, value, quality, price, convenience, and service. GES has a competitive advantage through its worldwide network of resources, history of serving as an extension of clients’ teams, experienced and knowledgeable personnel, client focus, creativity, reliable execution, proprietary technology platforms, and financial strength. All known U.S. competitors and most international competitors are privately held companies that provide limited public information regarding their operations. GES’ primary competitor within its Core Services is a privately-held, U.S.-headquartered company; however, there is substantial competition from a large number of service providers in GES’ other service offerings.
Growth Strategy
GES is committed to becoming the preferred global, full-service provider for Live Events. GES has combined the art of high-impact creativity, service, and expertise with the science of easy-to-use technology, strategy, and worldwide logistics to help clients gain a greater return from their events and enhance the exhibitor and attendee experience. GES holds leading market positions in Exhibitions and Conferences and is pursuing a focused and disciplined growth strategy with the goal of expanding its market share in the currently under-penetrated Corporate Events market. We expect to accomplish this by acquiring businesses and capitalizing on organic opportunities that further the following goals:
 	•	Global Reach. Leverage global capabilities and large customer base to drive continued growth in new services and other Live Events.	
 	•	Full-Service Provider. Growth of adjacent services to create a unique and integrated offering to deepen client relationships, expand client base, and increase share of total event spend.	
 	•	Live Events. Penetration into other Live Events to leverage our existing capabilities and gain more corporate clients.	

6

Pursuit is an attractions and hospitality company that provides a collection of inspiring and unforgettable travel experiences in iconic destinations. From world-class attractions, distinctive lodges, and engaging tours in stunning national parks and renowned global travel locations, to our growing collection of FlyOver flight ride experiences in the vibrant cities of Vancouver, Reykjavik, Las Vegas (anticipated opening in 2021), and Toronto (anticipated opening in 2022), Pursuit’s elevated hospitality experiences enable visitors to discover and connect with these iconic destinations. With a strategic direction to build an expanding portfolio of extraordinary experiences, Pursuit remains focused on refreshing, improving, and growing its collection in outstanding places around the globe. Pursuit draws its guests from major markets, including the United States, Canada, China, the United Kingdom, Australia/New Zealand, Asia Pacific, and Europe. Pursuit markets directly to consumers, as well as through distribution channels that include tour operators, tour wholesalers, destination management companies, and retail travel agencies. Pursuit comprises the following collections:

Banff Jasper Collection	 
With over 120 years of history in Canada’s oldest national parks, the Banff Jasper Collection provides experiential travel experiences in the majestic Canadian Rockies. Featuring sun-swept lake cruises in Banff and Jasper National Parks, top-of-the-mountain views at the Banff Gondola, and glacier exploration at the toe of the Columbia Icefield, the collection offers visitors unique hotel experiences, attractions, culinary destinations and retail offerings. The collection is also complemented by a robust sightseeing tour and transportation portfolio.
 	
Alaska Collection	 
From the dramatic and rugged landscapes of Denali National Park to the glaciers, fjords and lush vegetation surrounding Kenai Fjords National Park, the Alaska Collection offers wilderness tours and glacier cruises complemented by unique lodging experiences across some of Alaska’s most recognizable interior and southcentral landscapes. From the port town of Seward, to the authentic mountain town of Talkeetna to the end of the road in Denali National Park, Pursuit offers a collection of unique attractions and hotels, complemented by culinary and retail services.  
 	
Glacier Park Collection
 	 
Located in and around two stunning national parks, the Glacier Park Collection features lodging, culinary and retail experiences and attractions designed to enable guests to experience both Montana and Southern Alberta’s stunning outdoors. The collection’s unique portfolio of lodging surrounding Glacier and Waterton Lakes National Parks also includes three historic lodges built by the Great Northern Railroad along with RV and rustic cabin stays.  
 	
FlyOver Attractions	 
Pursuit’s FlyOver flight ride attractions provide guests with an exhilarating flying experience over iconic natural wonders, hard to reach locations, and picturesque scenery. Utilizing state-of-the-art ride and audiovisual technology, each FlyOver experience features moving ride vehicles with six degrees of motion, multi-sensory special effects, and a spherical screen that provides guests with a flight across stunning landscapes.  Special effects, including wind, mist and scents, combine with the ride’s motion to create an unforgettable visceral experience.
 	
7

Pursuit’s collection of experiences focuses on four distinct lines of business. These include attractions, including food and beverage services and retail operations; hospitality, including food and beverage services and retail operations; transportation; and travel planning.

Attractions
 	Banff Jasper Collection	
	Banff Gondola transports visitors to an elevation of over 7,000 feet above sea level to the top of Sulphur Mountain in Banff, Alberta, Canada offering an unobstructed view of the Canadian Rockies and overlooking the town of Banff and the Bow Valley. The Banff Gondola has been honored with two Top Project Awards from Alberta Construction Magazine. The Banff Gondola’s winning categories include the People’s Choice Award in 2016 and the Commercial Award (Under $50 Million) in 2016. The Banff Gondola received the Trip Advisor Certificate of Excellence.
 		
	Lake Minnewanka Cruise provides guests a unique sightseeing experience through interpretive boat cruises on Lake Minnewanka in the Canadian Rockies. The Lake Minnewanka Cruise operations are located adjacent to the town of Banff and include boat tours, small boat rentals, and charter fishing expeditions. The Lake Minnewanka Cruise received the Trip Advisor Certificate of Excellence.
 		
	Columbia Icefield Adventure is a tour of the Athabasca Glacier on the Columbia Icefield, and provides guests a view of one of the largest accumulations of ice and snow south of the Arctic Circle. Guests ride in a giant “Ice Explorer,” a unique vehicle specially designed for glacier travel. The Columbia Icefield Adventure received the Trip Advisor Certificate of Excellence.
 		
	Columbia Icefield Skywalk is a 1,312-foot guided interpretive walkway with a 98-foot glass-floored observation area overlooking the Sunwapta Valley, in close proximity to our Columbia Icefield Adventure attraction in Jasper National Park, Alberta, Canada. Since opening in 2014, the Columbia Icefield Skywalk continues to win awards and receive international recognition for its innovative design and environmentally sound architecture, including the prestigious Governor General’s Medals in Architecture in 2016.
 		
8

Attractions	Maligne Lake Cruise provides interpretive boat tours at Maligne Lake, the largest lake in Jasper National Park, Alberta, Canada. In addition to boat tours, Maligne Lake has a marina and day lodge that offers food and beverage and retail services, an historic chalet complex and boat house that offers canoes, kayaks, and rowboats for rental. Maligne Lake Cruise received the Trip Advisor Certificate of Excellence.
 		
	Alaska Collection	
	Kenai Fjords Tours is a leading Alaska wildlife and glacier day cruise, offering guests unforgettable sights of towering glaciers, humpback and grey whales, orcas, arctic birdlife, sea lions, seals, and porpoises of Kenai Fjords National Park. Tours range from a few hours to full days, with some tours including a full meal of wild Alaskan salmon, prime rib, and Alaskan King Crab on Fox Island. Kenai Fjords Tours received the Trip Advisor Certificate of Excellence.
 		
	Sky Lagoon	
	Sky Lagoon In July 2019, Pursuit announced plans to expand its collection of travel experiences in Iceland with the development of a premium oceanfront geothermal lagoon. Located in Kársnes Harbour, Kópavogur, just minutes from Reykjavik’s vibrant city centre and iconic urban landmarks, the sky lagoon will showcase expansive ocean vistas punctuated by awe-inspiring sunsets, Northern Lights and dark sky views. Development of the new sky lagoon kicked off in 2019, with the anticipated opening in 2021.
 		
	FlyOver Attractions	
	FlyOver Canada Since opening in June 2013 along Vancouver’s widely recognized waterfront in the heart of downtown, over two million riders have experienced FlyOver Canada. The flight ride attraction utilizes state-of-the-art technology to reveal some of Canada’s most awe-inspiring sights as guests hang suspended, feet dangling, before a 65-foot spherical screen while the film whisks guests away on an exhilarating journey across the country. The flight ride, complemented by an immersive pre-show experience, has received the TripAdvisor Certificate of Excellence.		
9

Attractions	FlyOver Iceland is an exhilarating flying experience over some of the country’s most iconic natural wonders, hard to reach locations and picturesque scenery. The attraction opened in August 2019 along the historic harbor in Reykjavik’s popular Grandi Harbour District, just minutes from downtown. The attraction also features two pre-ride multi-sensory experiences featuring Icelandic glaciers, volcanos, and folklore to complement the overall FlyOver experience.
 		
	FlyOver Las Vegas In February 2019, Pursuit announced the expansion of the flight ride concept to Las Vegas. Modeled after Pursuit’s successful FlyOver Canada attraction, FlyOver Las Vegas will provide guests with an exhilarating flight experience over the American Southwest’s most iconic locations, picturesque scenery and natural wonders. With construction scheduled to begin in 2020, the new attraction to be located on Las Vegas Boulevard is anticipated to open in 2021.
 		
	FlyOver Canada Toronto In July 2019, Pursuit announced the expansion of a new FlyOver attraction to be located at the base of the famed CN Tower in Toronto’s Entertainment District. The new experience will feature a brand-new ride film showcasing Canada’s most awe-inspiring sights and will include the creation of two immersive pre-ride experiences housed in a newly constructed iconic building. Construction on the new building is expected to begin in 2020, with an anticipated opening in 2022.

Hospitality	Banff Jasper Collection	
	•Elk + Avenue Hotel (164 rooms)
•Mount Royal Hotel (133 rooms)
•Glacier View Lodge (32 rooms)
•Sawridge Inn & Conference Centre (152 rooms)
•Lobstick Lodge (139 rooms)
•Chateau Jasper Hotel (119 rooms)
•Marmot Lodge (107 rooms)
•The Crimson Hotel (99 rooms)
•Pyramid Lake Resort (62 rooms)
•Pocahontas Cabins (56 rooms)		

10

Hospitality	Alaska Collection	
	•Denali Backcountry Lodge (42 rooms)
•Denali Cabins (46 rooms)
•Talkeetna Alaskan Lodge (212 rooms)
•Windsong Lodge (216 rooms)
•Kenai Fjords Wilderness Lodge (8 rooms)		
	Glacier Park Collection	
	•Glacier Park Lodge (162 rooms)
•Grouse Mountain Lodge (145 rooms)
•St. Mary Lodge (116 rooms)
•Prince of Wales Hotel (86 rooms)
•Apgar Village Lodge (48 rooms)
•West Glacier Motel & Cabins (32 rooms)
•Belton Chalet (27 rooms)
•Motel Lake McDonald (27 rooms)
•West Glacier RV Park & Cabins (20 rooms)

 
Transportation
 	 
 	The Banff Jasper Collection:
Transportation operations include sightseeing tours, airport shuttle services, and seasonal charter motorcoach services. The sightseeing services include seasonal half- and full-day tours from Calgary, Banff, Lake Louise, and Jasper, Canada and bring guests to the most scenic areas of Banff, Jasper, and Yoho National Parks. The charter business operates a fleet of luxury motorcoaches, available for groups of any size, for travel throughout the Canadian provinces of Alberta and British Columbia during the winter months. In 2020, we expect to launch a new historic sightseeing experience in the heart of Banff, with Open Top Touring.
 
Alaska Collection:
Transportation includes a Denali Backcountry Adventure, which is a unique photo safari tour 92 miles deep into Denali National Park.

 
Travel Planning

 	The Banff Jasper Collection:
Travel planning services include a full suite of corporate and event management services for meetings, conferences, incentive travel, sports, and special events. Event-related service offerings include staffing, off-site events, tours/activities, team building, accommodations, event management, theme development, production, and audio-visual services. The Banff Jasper Collection also owns and operates eight Pursuit Adventure Centers, which help guests book their leisure activities in Banff and Jasper National Parks.
 
Alaska Collection:
Travel planning services provide complete travel planning services throughout Alaska.
 	
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Seasonality
Pursuit experiences peak activity during the summer months. During 2019, 85% of Pursuit’s revenue was earned in the second and third quarters.

Competition
Pursuit generally competes on the basis of location, uniqueness of facilities, service, quality, and price. Competition exists both locally and regionally across all four lines of business. The hospitality industry has a large number of competitors and competes for leisure travelers (both individual and tour groups) across the United States and Canada. Pursuit’s competitive advantage is its distinctive attractions, iconic destinations, and strong culture of hospitality and guest services.
Growth Strategy
Pursuit’s growth strategy is to become a leading attractions hospitality company through its Refresh-Build-Buy initiatives:
 	•	Refresh. Refreshing our existing assets and processes to optimize guest experience, market position, and maximize returns	
 	•	Build. Building new assets that create new guest experiences and additional revenue streams with economies of scale and scope	
 	•	Buy. Buying strategic assets that drive guest experience, economies of scale and scope, and improving financial performance	
We continue to search for opportunities to acquire or to build high return tourism assets in iconic natural and cultural destinations that enjoy perennial demand, bring meaningful scale and market share, and offer cross-selling advantages with a combination of attractions and hotels.
Recent Pursuit Developments
Banff Jasper Collection:
 	•	Acquisition of Mountain Park Lodges – On June 8, 2019, we acquired a 60% equity interest in Mountain Park Lodges’ group of seven hotels and an undeveloped land parcel located in Jasper National Park. The seven hotels include: Sawridge Inn and Conference Centre; Pyramid Lake Resort; The Crimson Hotel; Chateau Jasper; Pocahontas Cabins; Marmot Lodge; and Lobstick Lodge.	
 	•	Renovation of Glacier View Lodge – In June 2019, we completed the renovation of our 32-room Glacier View Lodge in Jasper National Park. The renovation includes an elevated lodging experience that matches its incredible views of the majestic Columbia Icefield. The Glacier View Lodge has been included in Fodor’s 100 most incredible hotels in the world and top five hotels in Canada.	
12

Alaska Collection:
 	•	Expansion of the Windsong Lodge – In June 2019, we completed the expansion of the Windsong Lodge, one of our hospitality properties located in Seward, Alaska, near Kenai Fjords National Park. This expansion features 36 new guestrooms, six of which are suites.	
Glacier Park Collection:
 	•	Acquisition of Belton Chalet – On May 16, 2019, we acquired the historic Belton Chalet, which is located just outside the west entrance to Glacier National Park and includes 27 rooms and dining.	
 	•	RV and Cabin Park Development – On July 1, 2019, we opened our new RV and cabin park located at the Glacier National Park entrance. These fully equipped RV sites and cabins include 102 RV slips, 20 guest cabins, five employee housing cabins, guest registration, and a laundromat.	
Sky Lagoon:
 	•	Development of Sky Lagoon – On July 25, 2019, we announced plans for a new geothermal lagoon attraction that will be located on an oceanfront lot just outside downtown Reykjavik, Iceland. We expect to open our new attraction in 2021.	
FlyOver Attractions:
 	•	Expansion of FlyOver Concept in Las Vegas – On February 26, 2019, we announced the expansion of our flight ride theater concept into Las Vegas, Nevada, which is scheduled to open in 2021.	
 	•	Expansion of FlyOver in Toronto, Canada – On July 25, 2019, we announced plans for the expansion of our flight ride theater concept into Toronto, Canada. We were awarded the right to construct the new attraction near the base of Canada’s CN Tower in the Entertainment District. We expect construction to begin in 2020, and the new attraction to open in 2022.	
 	•	Opening of FlyOver Iceland. We opened our flight ride theater concept in Iceland’s capital city of Reykjavik in August 2019.	
 	•	Improvements to FlyOver Canada Exterior Structure – In September 2019, we completed the construction and development of a new guest experience building that includes an expanded retail store, new café, and an enhanced post-show.	
Intellectual Property
Our intellectual property rights (including trademarks, patents, copyrights, registered designs, technology, and know-how) are material to our business.
We own or have the right to use numerous trademarks and patents in many countries. Depending on the country, trademarks remain valid for as long as we use them, or as long as we maintain their registration status. Trademark registrations are generally for renewable, fixed terms. We also have patents for current and potential products. Our patents cover inventions ranging from a modular structure having a load-bearing surface that we use in our event and exhibition services, to a surface-covering installation tool and method that reduces our labor costs and improves worker safety. Our U.S. issued utility patents extend for 20 years from the patent application filing date, and our U.S. issued design patents are currently granted for 14 years from the grant date. We also have an extensive design library. Many of the designs have copyright protection and we have also registered many of the copyrights. In the U.S., copyright protection is for 95 years from the date of publication or 120 years from creation, whichever is shorter.  While we believe that certain of our patents, trademarks, and copyrights have substantial value, the loss of any one of them would not have a material adverse effect on our financial condition or results of operations.
Our Trademarks
Our U.S. registered trademarks and trademarks pending registration include Global Experience Specialists & design®, GES®, GES Servicenter®, GES National Servicenter®, GES MarketWorks®, GES Measurement & Insight®, GES Project Central, The Art and Science of Engagement®, Trade Show Rigging TSR®, TSE Trade Show Electrical & design®, Earth Explorers®, Compass Direct®, ethnoMetrics®, eXPRESSO®, FIT®, ON Services, a GES Company & design®, ON Site Audio Visual & design®, FLYOVER® & design, eco-sense®, ONPEAK®, Mount Royal, Above Banff®, Alaska Denali Travel®, Alaska Denali Escapes®, Alaska Heritage Tours®, by Pursuit, Kenai Fjords Tours & design®, Kenai Fjords
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Wilderness Lodge® & design, Seward Windsong Lodge & design®, Talkeetna Alaskan Lodge®, Explore Rockies®, Denali Backcountry Adventure®, Denali Backcountry Lodge®, and Denali Cabins & design®.
We also own or have the right to use many registered trademarks and trademarks pending registration outside of the United States, including GES®, ShowTech®, Poken®, Visit®, Visit by GES®, Blitz, a GES Company & design®, Brewster Inc. & design®, Brewster Attractions Explore & design®, Brewster Hospitality Refresh & design®, Glacier Skywalk®, Above Banff®, Explore Rockies®, FLYOVER & design®, FLYOVER ICELAND & design, FLYOVER Canada & design, GES Event Intelligence AG®, Pursuit®, by Pursuit®, Soaring Over Canada®, Elk + Avenue Hotel®, Brewster Epic Summer Pass®, and escape.connect.refresh.explore®.
Government Regulation and Compliance
Compliance with legal requirements and government regulations represents a normal cost of doing business. The principal rules and regulations affecting our day-to-day business relate to transportation (such as regulations promulgated by the U.S. Department of Transportation and its state counterparts), our employees (such as regulations implemented by the Occupational Safety and Health Administration, equal employment opportunity laws, guidelines implemented pursuant to the Americans with Disabilities Act, and general federal and state employment laws), unionized labor (such as guidelines imposed by the National Labor Relations Act), U.S. and Canadian regulations relating to national parks (such as regulations established by Parks Canada, the U.S. Department of the Interior, and the U.S. National Park Service), and U.S. and Canadian regulations relating to boating (such as regulations implemented by the U.S. and Canadian Coast Guard and state boating laws).
Some of our current and former businesses are subject to U.S. federal and state environmental regulations, including laws enacted under the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation and Liability Act, or our state law counterparts. Compliance with federal, state, and local environmental, health and safety provisions, including, but not limited to, those regulating the discharge of materials into the environment and other actions relating to the environment, have not had, and we do not expect them to have, a material effect on our capital expenditures, competitive position, financial condition, or results of operations.
Employees
We had the following number of employees as of December 31, 2019:
 
 	 	Number of
Employees (1)	 	
GES	 	 	4,223	 	
Pursuit	 	 	1,085	 	
Viad Corporate	 	 	53	 	
Total	 	 	5,361	 	
(1)	Includes 1,109 employees covered by collective bargaining agreements.	
We believe that relations with our employees are good and that collective bargaining agreements expiring in 2020 will be renegotiated in the ordinary course of business without a material adverse effect on our operations.
We are governed by a Board of Directors comprising seven non-employee directors and one employee director, and we have an executive management team with eight executive officers.
Available Information
We were incorporated in Delaware in 1991. Our common stock trades on the New York Stock Exchange under the symbol “VVI.”
Our website address is www.viad.com. All of our SEC filings, including our Annual Reports on Form 10-K, quarterly reports on Form 10-Q, current reports on Form 8-K, and amendments to those reports, are available free of charge on our website as soon as reasonably practicable after we electronically file that material with, or furnish it to, the SEC. The information contained on our website is neither a part of, nor incorporated by reference into, this 2019 Form 10-K. The SEC’s website, www.sec.gov, contains reports, proxy and information statements, and other information regarding issuers that file electronically with the SEC.
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Our investor relations website is www.viad.com/investors/investor-center/default.aspx and includes key information about our corporate governance initiatives, including our Corporate Governance Guidelines, our Board of Directors committee charters, our Code of Ethics, and information concerning our Board members and how to communicate with them.
Item 1A. RISK FACTORS
Our operations and financial results are subject to known and unknown risks. As a result, past financial performance and historical trends may not be reliable indicators of our future performance.
Completed acquisitions may not perform as anticipated or be integrated as planned. We regularly evaluate and pursue opportunities to acquire businesses that complement, enhance, or expand our current business, or offer growth opportunities. Our acquired businesses might not meet our financial and non-financial expectations or yield anticipated benefits. Our success depends, in part, on our ability to conform controls, policies and procedures, and business cultures; consolidate and streamline operations and infrastructures; identify and eliminate redundant and underperforming operations and assets; manage inefficiencies associated with the integration of operations; and retain the acquired business’s key personnel and customers. Moreover, our acquisition activity may subject us to new regulatory requirements, distract our senior management and employees, and expose us to unknown liabilities or contingencies that we may fail to identify prior to closing. If our acquisitions cause us to make changes to our business strategy or if external conditions adversely affect our business operations, we may also be required to record an impairment charge to goodwill or intangible assets. Additionally, we may borrow funds to finance strategic acquisitions. Debt leverage resulting from future acquisitions would reduce our debt capacity, increase our interest expense, and limit our ability to capitalize on future business opportunities. Such borrowings may also be subject to fluctuations in interest rates. Any of these risks could materially and adversely affect our business, product and service sales, financial condition, and results of operations.
We are vulnerable to deterioration in general economic conditions. Our business is sensitive to fluctuations in general economic conditions in the U.S. and other global markets in which we operate. A decline in global or regional economic conditions, or consumers’ fears that economic conditions will decline, could cause declining consumer confidence, unemployment, fluctuations in stock markets and interest rates, contraction of credit availability, or other dynamic factors affecting economic conditions generally. The success of our GES business largely depends on the number of exhibitions held, the size of exhibitors’ marketing expenditures, and on the strength of particular industries in which exhibitors operate. The number and size of exhibitions generally decrease when the economy weakens. We also could suffer from reduced spending for our services because many exhibitors’ marketing budgets are partly discretionary and are frequently among the first expenditures reduced when economic conditions deteriorate. In addition, revenue from our Pursuit operations depends largely on the amount of disposable income that consumers have available for travel and vacations, which decreases during periods of weak general economic conditions. As a result, any deterioration in general economic conditions could materially and adversely affect our business, product sales, financial condition, and results of operations.
We depend on our large exhibition event clients to renew their service contracts and on our exclusive right to provide those services. GES has a number of large exhibition event organizers and large customer accounts. If any of these large clients do not renew their service contracts, our results of operations could be materially and adversely affected.
Moreover, when event organizers hire GES as the official services contractor, they usually also grant GES an exclusive right to perform material handling, electrical, rigging, and other services at the exhibition facility. However, some exhibition facilities have taken certain steps to in-source certain event services (either by performing the services themselves or by hiring a separate service provider) as a result of conditions generally affecting their industry, such as an increased supply of exhibition space. If exhibition facilities choose to in-source certain event services, GES will lose the ability to provide certain event services, and our results of operations could be materially and adversely affected.
Our business is relationship driven. Our GES business is heavily focused on client relationships, and, specifically, on having close collaboration and interaction with our clients. To be successful, our account teams must be able to understand clients’ desires and expectations in order to provide top-quality service. If we are unable to maintain our client relationships, including due to the loss of key members of our account teams, we could also lose customers and our results of operations could be materially and adversely affected.
We operate in highly competitive and dynamic industries. Competition in the Live Events markets is driven by price and service quality, among other factors. To the extent competitors seek to gain or retain market presence through aggressive underpricing strategies, we may be required to lower our prices and rates to avoid the loss of related business. Moreover, recent customer consolidations and other actions have caused downward pricing pressure for our products and services and could affect our ability to negotiate favorable terms with our customers. If we are unable to anticipate and respond as effectively as our competitors to changing business conditions, including new technologies and business models, we could
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lose market share. Our inability to meet the challenges presented by the competitive and dynamic environment of our industry could materially and adversely affect our results of operations.
Travel industry disruptions, particularly those affecting the hotel and airline industries, could adversely affect our business. Our business depends largely on the ability and willingness of people, whether exhibitors, exhibition attendees, tourists, or others, to travel. Factors adversely affecting the travel industry, and particularly the airline and hotel industries, generally also adversely affect our business and results of operations. Factors that could adversely affect the travel industry include high or rising fuel prices, increased security and passport requirements, weather conditions, health epidemics and pandemics, airline accidents, acts of terrorism, and international political instability and hostilities. For example, the recent outbreak of respiratory illness caused by a new coronavirus that surfaced in the Hubei Province of China, resulted in (i) major U.S. airlines canceling all flights into and out of China, (ii) the U.S. limiting the airports at which China flights may enter the U.S., and (iii) the U.S. imposing the first federally mandated quarantine in more than 50 years for passengers who had traveled to the Hubei Province. Any of these factors, or other unexpected events that affect the availability and pricing of air travel and accommodations, could materially and adversely affect our business and results of operations.
New capital projects may not be commercially successful. From time to time, we pursue capital projects, such as our current construction of FlyOver Las Vegas, FlyOver Canada Toronto, the Sky Lagoon, and other efforts to upgrade some of our Pursuit offerings, in order to enhance and expand our business. Capital projects are subject to a number of risks, including unanticipated delays, cost overruns, and the failure to achieve established financial and strategic goals, as well as additional project-specific risks. The occurrence of any of these events could prevent a new capital project from performing in accordance with our commercial expectations and could materially and adversely affect our business and results of operations.
The seasonality of our business makes us particularly sensitive to adverse events during peak periods. The peak activity for our Pursuit business is during the summer months, as 85% of Pursuit’s 2019 revenue was earned in the second and third quarters. Our GES exhibition and event activity varies significantly because it is based on the frequency and timing of shows, many of which are not held each year, and which may shift between quarters. If adverse events or conditions occur during these peak periods, our results of operations could be materially and adversely affected.
Transportation disruptions and increases in transportation costs could adversely affect our business and results of operations. GES relies on independent transportation carriers to send materials and exhibits to and from exhibition, warehouse, and customer facilities. If our customers and suppliers are unable to secure the services of those independent transportation carriers at favorable rates, it could materially and adversely affect our business and results of operations. In addition, disruption of transportation services due to weather-related problems, labor strikes, lockouts, or other events could adversely affect our ability to supply services to customers and could cause the cancellation of exhibitions, which could materially and adversely affect our business and results of operations.
Natural disasters, weather conditions, and other catastrophic events could negatively affect our business. The occurrence of catastrophic events ranging from natural disasters (such as hurricanes, fires, floods, and earthquakes), acts of war or terrorism, accidents involving our travel offerings or experiences, the effects of climate change, including any impact of global warming, or the prospect of these events could disrupt our business. Changes in climates may increase the frequency and intensity of adverse weather patterns and make certain destinations less desirable. Such catastrophic events have, and could have, an adverse impact on Pursuit, which is heavily dependent on the ability and willingness of its guests to travel and/or visit our attractions. Pursuit guests tend to delay or postpone vacations if natural conditions differ from those that typically prevail at competing lodges, resorts, and attractions, and catastrophic events and heightened travel security measures instituted in response to such events could impede the guests’ ability to travel, and interrupt our business operations, including damaging our properties. Such catastrophic events could also have a negative impact on GES, causing a cancellation of exhibitions and other events held in public venues or disrupt the services we provide to our customers at convention centers, exhibition halls, hotels, and other public venues. Such events could also have a negative impact on GES’ production facilities, preventing us from timely completing exhibit fabrication and other projects for customers. In addition, unfavorable media attention, or negative publicity, in the wake of a catastrophic event could damage our reputation or reduce the demand for our services. If the conditions arising from such events persist or worsen, they could materially and adversely affect our results of operations and financial condition.
Our participation in multi-employer pension plans could substantially increase our pension costs. We sponsor a number of defined benefit plans for our U.S. and Canada-based employees. In addition, we are obligated to contribute to multi-employer pension plans under collective bargaining agreements covering our union-represented employees. We contributed $27.3 million in 2019, $26.4 million in 2018, and $26.6 million in 2017 to those multi-employer pension plans. Third-party boards of trustees manage these multi-employer plans. Based upon the information we receive from plan administrators, we believe that several of those multi-employer plans are underfunded. The Pension Protection Act of 2006 requires us to reduce the
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underfunded status over defined time periods. Moreover, we would be required to make additional payments of our proportionate share of a plan’s unfunded vested liabilities if a plan terminates, or other contributing employers withdraw, due to insolvency or other reasons, or if we voluntarily withdraw from a plan. In 2019, we finalized the terms of a new collective bargaining agreement with the Teamsters Local 727 union. The terms included a withdrawal from the underfunded Central States Pension Plan. Accordingly, we recorded a charge of $15.5 million, which represents the estimated present value of future contributions we will be required to make as a result of the union’s withdrawal and $0.2 million of other withdrawal costs. At this time, we do not anticipate triggering any withdrawal from any other multi-employer pension plan to which we currently contribute. However, significant plan contribution increases could materially and adversely affect our consolidated financial condition, results of operations, and cash flows. Refer to Note 18 – Pension and Postretirement Benefits of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Part II, Item 8 of this 2019 Form 10-K) for further information.
Union-represented labor increases our risk of higher labor costs and work stoppages. Significant portions of our employees are unionized. We have approximately 100 collective bargaining agreements, and we are required to renegotiate approximately one-third of those each year. If we increase wages or benefits as a result of labor negotiations, either our operating margins will suffer, or we could increase the cost of our services to our customers, which could lead those customers to turn to other vendors with lower prices. Either event could materially and adversely affect our business and results of operations.
Additionally, if we are unable to reach an agreement with a union during the collective bargaining process, the union may strike or carry out other types of work stoppages. If that happens, we might be unable to find substitute workers with the necessary skills to perform many of the services, or we may incur additional costs to do so, both of which could materially and adversely affect our business and results of operations.
Liabilities relating to prior and discontinued operations may adversely affect our results of operations. We and our predecessors have a corporate history spanning decades and involving diverse businesses. Some of those businesses owned properties and used raw materials that have been, and may continue to be, subject to litigation. Moreover, some of the raw materials used and the waste produced by those businesses have been and are the subject of U.S. federal and state environmental regulations, including laws enacted under the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation and Liability Act, or its state law counterparts. In addition, we may incur other liabilities resulting from indemnification claims involving previously sold properties and subsidiaries, or obligations under defined benefit plans or other employee plans, as well as claims from past operations of predecessors or their subsidiaries. Although we believe we have adequate reserves and sufficient insurance coverage to cover those future liabilities, future events or proceedings could render our reserves or insurance protections inadequate, any of which could materially and adversely affect our business and results of operations.
Show rotation affects our profitability and makes comparisons between periods difficult. GES results are largely dependent upon the frequency, timing, and location of exhibitions and events. Some large exhibitions are not held annually (they may be held once every two, three, or four years) or may be held at different times of the year from when they were previously held. In addition, the same exhibition may change locations from year to year resulting in lower margins if the exhibition shifts to a higher-cost location. Any of these factors could cause our results of operations to fluctuate significantly from quarter to quarter or from year to year, making periodic comparisons difficult.
We are subject to currency exchange rate fluctuations. We have operations outside of the U.S. primarily in Canada, the United Kingdom, Iceland, the Netherlands, and Germany. During 2019, GES EMEA, GES Canada, and Pursuit’s international operations accounted for approximately 33% of our consolidated revenue and 66% of our segment operating income. Consequently, a significant portion of our business is exposed to currency exchange rate fluctuations. We do not currently hedge equity risk arising from the translation of non-U.S. denominated assets and liabilities. Our financial results and capital ratios are sensitive to movements in currency exchange rates because a large portion of our assets, liabilities, revenue, and expenses must be translated into U.S. dollars for reporting purposes. The unrealized gains or losses resulting from the currency translation are included as a component of accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) in our consolidated balance sheets. As a result, significant fluctuations in currency exchange rates could result in material changes to the net equity position we report in our consolidated balance sheets.
We are vulnerable to cybersecurity attacks and threats. We regularly collect and process credit, financial, and other personal and confidential information from individuals and entities who attend or participate in events and exhibitions that we produce, or who visit our attractions and other offerings. In addition, our devices, servers, computer systems, and business systems are vulnerable to cybersecurity risk, including cyberattacks, or we may be the target of email scams that attempt to acquire personal information and company assets. Despite our efforts to protect ourselves with insurance, and create security barriers to such threats, including regularly reviewing our systems for vulnerabilities and continually updating our protections, we might not be able to entirely mitigate these risks. Our failure to effectively prevent, detect, and recover from the increasing number and sophistication of information security threats could lead to business interruptions, delays or loss of
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critical data, misuse, modification, or destruction of information, including trade secrets and confidential business information, reputational damage, and third-party claims, any of which could materially and adversely affect our results of operations.
Laws and regulations relating to the handling of personal data are evolving and could result in increased costs, legal claims, or fines. We store and process the personally identifiable information of our customers, employees, and third parties with whom we have business relationships. The legal requirements restricting the way we store, collect, handle, and transfer personal data continue to evolve, and there are an increasing number of authorities issuing privacy laws and regulations. These data privacy laws and regulations are subject to differing interpretations, creating uncertainty and inconsistency across jurisdictions. Our compliance with these myriad requirements could involve making changes in our services, business practices, or internal systems, any of which could increase our costs, lower revenue, or reduce efficiency. Our failure to comply with existing or new rules could result in significant penalties or orders to stop the alleged noncompliant activity, litigation, adverse publicity, or could cause our customers to lose trust in our services. In addition, if the third parties we work with violate applicable laws, contractual obligations, or suffer a security breach, those violations could also put us in breach of our obligations under privacy laws and regulations. In addition, the costs of maintaining adequate protection, including insurance protection against such threats, as they develop in the future (or as legal requirements related to data security increase) are expected to increase and could be material. Any of these risks could materially and adversely affect our business and results of operations.
The United Kingdom’s exit from the European Union could adversely affect our business. We operate substantial parts of our EU businesses from U.K.-based entities. On January 31, 2020, the U.K. officially withdrew from the EU. The final terms of the withdrawal are being negotiated with the transition period ending on December 31, 2020. The withdrawal could disrupt the free movement of goods, services, and people between the U.K. and the EU. Moreover, the regulatory and legal environment that will govern our U.K. operations is uncertain. Any new arrangements may require us to make changes to our operations in Europe, which could result in a higher cost and less efficient operating model across our European business. These new arrangements could adversely affect our business and results of operations.
Changes affecting the availability of the London Inter-bank Offered Rate (“LIBOR”) or increases in interest rates may have consequences for us that cannot yet be reasonably predicted. Viad has outstanding debt with variable interest rates based on LIBOR. Borrowings under the 2018 Credit Facility are indexed to the prime rate or LIBOR, plus appropriate spreads tied to our leverage ratio. The LIBOR benchmark has been the subject of national, international, and other regulatory guidance and proposals to reform. In July 2017, the United Kingdom Financial Conduct Authority (the authority that regulates LIBOR) announced that it intends to stop compelling banks to submit rates for the calculation of LIBOR after 2021. These reforms may cause LIBOR to perform differently than in the past and LIBOR may ultimately cease to exist after 2021. Our 2018 Credit Facility includes a method for determining an alternative or successor rate of interest that gives consideration to the new prevailing market convention. The alternative rate could affect the Company's debt and debt payments. At this time, it is not possible to predict the effect of any changes to LIBOR, any phase out of LIBOR or any establishment of alternative benchmark rates. Any new benchmark rate will likely not replicate LIBOR exactly, which could impact our contracts which terminate after 2021. There is uncertainty about how applicable law, the courts or the Company will address the replacement of LIBOR with alternative rates. If LIBOR ceases to exist after 2021, the interest rates under our revolving credit facility and the discount rates we apply to finance lease obligations will be based on the alternative rate, which may result in higher interest rates and debt obligations. In addition, any increases to our benchmark interest rates could have an uncertain impact on our cost of funds and our access to the capital markets, which could impact our results of operations and cash flows. Uncertainty as to the nature of such potential changes may also adversely affect the trading market for our securities.
Item 1B. UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS
None.
Item 2. PROPERTIES
We lease our corporate headquarters in Phoenix, Arizona. Our other principal properties are owned or leased by GES and Pursuit.
GES primarily leases its properties, both domestically and internationally. GES properties consist of offices and multi-use facilities. Multi-use facilities include manufacturing, sales and design, office, storage and/or warehouse, and truck marshaling yards. Multi-use facilities vary in size up to approximately 677,800 square feet in the U.S. and approximately 136,000 square feet in the United Kingdom.
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Pursuit primarily owns its properties, both domestically and internationally. Pursuit’s properties mainly include attractions, hotels and lodges, retail stores, and offices. Properties located in Canada and Iceland are subject to multiple long-term ground leases with their respective governments. For further information on Pursuit’s attractions and hospitality assets, refer to the Business Section (Part I, Item 1 of this 2019 Form 10-K).
We believe our owned and leased properties are adequate and suitable for our business operations and that capacity is sufficient for current needs. For additional information related to our lease obligations, refer to Note 12 – Debt and Finance Lease Obligations and Note 20 – Leases and Other of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Part II, Item 8 of this 2019 Form 10-K).
Item 3. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS
Refer to Note 21 – Litigation, Claims, Contingencies, and Other of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Part II, Item 8 of this 2019 Form 10-K) for information regarding legal proceedings in which we are involved.
Item 4. MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES
Not applicable.
Other. INFORMATION ABOUT OUR EXECUTIVE OFFICERS
Our executive officers as of the date of this 2019 Form 10-K were as follows:
 
Name	 	Age	 	Business Experience During the Past Five Years and Other Information	
Steven W. Moster	 	50	 	President and Chief Executive Officer of Viad since 2014; President of GES from November 2010 to February 2019; prior thereto, held various executive management roles within the GES organization, including Executive Vice President-Chief Sales & Marketing Officer from 2008 to February 2010; Executive Vice President-Products and Services from 2006 to 2008; and Vice President-Products & Services Business from 2005 to 2006; and prior thereto, Engagement Manager, Management Strategy Consulting for McKinsey & Company, a global management consulting firm, from 2000 to 2004. Mr. Moster is a director of Cavco Industries, Inc (NASDAQ: CVCO), which designs and produces factory-built housing products, and serves as the Chair of the Compensation Committee.	
 	 	 	 	 	
Ellen M. Ingersoll	 	55	 	Chief Financial Officer since July 2002; prior thereto, Vice President-Controller or similar position since 2002; prior thereto, Controller of CashX, Inc., a service provider of stored value internet cards, from June 2001 through October 2001; prior thereto, Operations Finance Director of LeapSource, Inc., a provider of business process outsourcing, since January 2000; and prior thereto, Vice President and Controller of Franchise Finance Corporation of America, a real estate investment trust, from 1992 to 2000.	
 	 	 	 	 	
David W. Barry	 	57	 	President of Pursuit since June 2015; prior thereto, Chief Executive Officer and President of Trust Company of America, an independent registered investment adviser custodian, from 2011 to June 2015; prior thereto, Chief Executive Officer of Alpine/CMH, a helicopter skiing company, from 2007 to 2011; and prior thereto, Chief Operating Officer for all U.S. resort operations of Intrawest Corporation (formerly NYSE: IDR) (now Alterra Mountain Company) a North American mountain resort and adventure company, from 2004 to 2007.	
 	 	 	 	 	
Derek P. Linde	 	44	 	General Counsel and Corporate Secretary since 2018; prior thereto, Deputy General Counsel and Assistant Secretary at Illinois Tool Works Inc. (NYSE: ITW), a diversified manufacturer of specialized industrial equipment, from 2014 to 2018, and Associate General Counsel and Assistant Secretary from 2011 to 2014; prior thereto, a partner at the law firm of Winston & Strawn LLP, from 2008 to 2011, and an Associate from 2000 to 2008.	
 	 	 	 	 	
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Trisha L. Fox
 
 	 	50
 
 	 	Chief Human Resources Officer since 2018; prior thereto, Executive Vice President, Human Resources, from 2016 to 2018; prior thereto, Senior Vice President at Fifth Third Bank Chicago, (NASDAQ: FITB), a diversified financial services company, from 2011 to 2016; prior thereto, Director, then Senior Director, Human Resources at Dean Foods Company (NYSE:DF), a food and beverage company, from 2009 to 2011; prior thereto, various roles of increasing responsibility in Human Resources at PepsiCo, Inc. (NASDAQ: PEP), a global
food and beverage company from 1999 to 2009.	
 	 	 	 	 	
Jay A. Altizer	 	49	 	President of GES since October 2019; prior thereto, President, GES North America; prior thereto, Managing Director of Falling Branch Advisors LLC, a management advisory firm, from May 2015 to May 2018; prior thereto, Sr. Vice President and General Manager of Saputo Inc. (TSX: SAP), a global dairy producer, from September 2007 to April 2015; prior thereto, General Manager at Morningstar Foods, a Dean Foods Company (NYSE:DF), a food and beverage company, from September 2010 to January 2013, and Vice President of Strategy from September 2007 to September 2010; prior thereto, Sr. Manager of Strategy and Business Development of PepsiCo, Inc. (NASDAQ: PEP), a global food and beverage company from July 2005 to August 2007; prior thereto, General Manager at Exhibitgroup/Giltspur, a former Viad marketing and events division, from May 2004 to June 2005; and prior thereto, Manager at Bain & Company from August 2000 to May 2004. Mr. Altizer has been a Director of the following two non-profits: On the Road Lending, since May 2013, and Chairman since 2017; and Champion Impact Capital, where he is also Treasurer, since May 2013.	
 	 	 	 	 	
Richard A. Britton	 	59	 	Chief Information Officer since 2018; prior thereto, Executive Vice President, Information Technology, from 2015 to 2018; prior thereto, 16 years in various roles of increasing responsibility in the Healthcare and Reinsurance divisions of General Electric Company (NYSE:GE), a global digital industrial company, including Executive IT Leader at GE Healthcare from 2007 to October 2015.	
 	 	 	 	 	
Leslie S. Striedel
 	 	57	 	Chief Accounting Officer since 2014; prior thereto, Vice President of Finance from March 2014 to April 2014; prior thereto, Vice President of Finance and Administration or similar positions with Colt Defense LLC, a firearms manufacturer, from 2010 to 2013; prior thereto, Vice President of Finance, Director of Financial Reporting and Compliance, and Corporate Controller of White Electronics Designs Corp. (formerly NASDAQ: WEDC) (now a subsidiary of Microsemi Corporation, a wholly owned subsidiary of Microchip Technology Inc.), a circuits and semiconductors manufacturer, from 2004 to 2010; and prior thereto, Corporate Controller of MD Helicopters, an international helicopter manufacturer, from 2002 to 2004; prior thereto, Corporate Controller of Fluke Networks (formerly Microtest, Inc. NASDAQ: MTST), a manufacturing and technology company, from 1999 to 2002; and prior thereto, Senior Tax Manager for KPMG LLP, a global firm providing audit, tax, and advisory services, from 1998 to 1999.	
Our executive officers’ term of office is until our next Board of Directors annual organization meeting to be held on May 19, 2020.
 
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PART II
Item 5. MARKET FOR REGISTRANT’S COMMON EQUITY, RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS AND ISSUER PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES
Market Information
Our common stock is traded on the New York Stock Exchange under the symbol VVI.
Holders
As of January 31, 2020, there were 4,969 shareholders of record of our common stock, including 223 shareholders that had not converted their shares following a reverse stock split effective on July 1, 2004.
Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities
 
Period	 	Total Number of Shares Purchased	 	 	Average Price Paid
Per Share	 	 	Total Number of Shares
Purchased as Part of Publicly
Announced Plans or Programs	 	 	Maximum Number of Shares
That May Yet Be Purchased
Under the Plans or Programs	 	
October 1, 2019 - October 31, 2019	 	 	409	 	 	$	67.41	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	600,067	 	
November 1, 2019 - November 30, 2019	 	 	—	 	 	$	—	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	600,067	 	
December 1, 2019 - December 31, 2019	 	 	—	 	 	$	—	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	600,067	 	
Total	 	 	409	 	 	$	67.41	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	600,067	 	
Pursuant to previously announced authorizations, our Board of Directors has authorized us to repurchase shares of our common stock from time to time at prevailing market prices. Effective February 7, 2019, our Board of Directors approved an additional 500,000 shares to repurchase. No shares were repurchased on the open market during the three months ended December 31, 2019. The Board’s authorization has no expiration date. During the fourth quarter of 2019, certain previously owned shares of common stock were surrendered by employees, former employees, and non-employee directors for tax withholding requirements on vested share-based awards. We returned $2.0 million to shareholders during the fourth quarter of 2019 in the form of dividends. We expect to pay comparable dividends in the future.
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Performance Graph
The following graph compares the change in the cumulative total shareholder return, from December 31, 2014 to December 31, 2019, on our common stock, the Standard & Poor’s SmallCap 600 Media Index, the Standard & Poor’s SmallCap 600 Commercial Services & Supplies Index, the Standard & Poor’s SmallCap 600 Index, the Russell 2000 Index, and Standard & Poor’s 500 Index (assuming reinvestment of dividends, as applicable). The graph assumes $100 was invested on December 31, 2014.

 

 	 	Year Ended December 31,	 	
 	 	2014	 	 	2015	 	 	2016	 	 	2017	 	 	2018	 	 	2019	 	
Viad Corp	 	$	100.00	 	 	$	107.42	 	 	$	169.75	 	 	$	214.96	 	 	$	195.81	 	 	$	265.57	 	
S&P 500	 	$	100.00	 	 	$	101.37	 	 	$	113.49	 	 	$	138.26	 	 	$	132.19	 	 	$	173.80	 	
Russell 2000	 	$	100.00	 	 	$	95.59	 	 	$	115.93	 	 	$	132.88	 	 	$	118.23	 	 	$	148.36	 	
S&P SmallCap 600	 	$	100.00	 	 	$	97.99	 	 	$	123.92	 	 	$	140.22	 	 	$	128.27	 	 	$	157.44	 	
S&P SmallCap 600 Comm. Services & Supplies	 	$	100.00	 	 	$	97.59	 	 	$	124.58	 	 	$	133.40	 	 	$	119.47	 	 	$	147.53	 	
S&P SmallCap 600 Media	 	$	100.00	 	 	$	105.36	 	 	$	94.53	 	 	$	108.97	 	 	$	127.33	 	 	$	136.73	 	
 
22

Item 6. SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA
 
 	 	Year Ended December 31,	 	
(in thousands, except per share data)	 	2019	 	 	2018	 	 	2017	 	 	2016	 	 	2015	 	
Summary Statement of Operations Data	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Revenue (1)	 	$	1,371,695	 	 	$	1,296,184	 	 	$	1,306,965	 	 	$	1,204,970	 	 	$	1,089,048	 	
Income from continuing operations (2)	 	$	23,604	 	 	$	47,914	 	 	$	58,452	 	 	$	43,479	 	 	$	27,442	 	
Income from continuing operations attributable to Viad common
   stockholders	 	$	22,116	 	 	$	47,689	 	 	$	57,975	 	 	$	42,953	 	 	$	27,000	 	
Basic and diluted income from continuing operations attributable to
   Viad common stockholders per share	 	$	1.02	 	 	$	2.33	 	 	$	2.84	 	 	$	2.12	 	 	$	1.34	 	
Dividends declared per common share	 	$	0.40	 	 	$	0.40	 	 	$	0.40	 	 	$	0.40	 	 	$	0.40	 	

 	 	December 31,	 	
(in thousands)	 	2019	 	 	2018	 	 	2017	 	 	2016	 	 	2015	 	
Summary Balance Sheet Data	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Cash and cash equivalents	 	$	61,999	 	 	$	44,893	 	 	$	53,723	 	 	$	20,900	 	 	$	56,531	 	
Total assets	 	$	1,318,691	 	 	$	922,541	 	 	$	919,899	 	 	$	869,816	 	 	$	690,723	 	
Total debt and finance lease obligations	 	$	340,492	 	 	$	230,121	 	 	$	209,192	 	 	$	249,211	 	 	$	127,403	 	
Redeemable noncontrolling interest (3)	 	$	6,172	 	 	$	5,909	 	 	$	6,648	 	 	$	—	 	 	$	—	 	
Total stockholders’ equity	 	$	547,229	 	 	$	450,555	 	 	$	442,937	 	 	$	370,638	 	 	$	335,338	 	
Non-redeemable noncontrolling interest	 	$	79,731	 	 	$	14,348	 	 	$	13,806	 	 	$	13,283	 	 	$	12,757	 	
 
(1)	The 2019 amounts include an aggregate of $19.9 million in revenue from the Mountain Park Lodges and the Belton Chalet acquisitions. The 2017 amounts include $1.4 million in revenue from our Poken acquisition. The 2016 amounts include an aggregate $55.7 million in revenue from our acquisitions of ON Event Services, LLC, CATC Alaska Tourism Corporation, Maligne Lake Tours Ltd. (“Maligne Lake Tours”), and FlyOver Canada. Refer to Note 4 – Acquisitions of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Part II, Item 8 of this 2019 Form 10-K).	
(2)	Income from continuing operations includes the following items:	
 	•	Multi-employer pension plan withdrawal, pre-tax, of $15.7 million in 2019. Refer to Note 18 – Pension and Postretirement Benefits of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Part II, Item 8 of this 2019 Form 10-K).	
 	•	Restructuring charges, pre-tax, of $8.4 million in 2019, $1.6 million in 2018, $1.0 million in 2017, $5.2 million in 2016, and $3.0 million in 2015. Refer to Note 19 – Restructuring Charges of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Part II, Item 8 of this 2019 Form 10-K).	
 	•	Legal settlement, pre-tax, of $8.5 million in 2019. Refer to Note 21 – Litigation, Claims, Contingencies, and Other of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Part II, Item 8 of this 2019 Form 10-K).	
 	•	Impairment charges (recoveries), pre-tax, net, of $5.3 million in 2019, $(35) thousand in 2018, $(29.1) million in 2017, $0.2 million in 2016, and $0.1 million in 2015. Refer to Note 9 – Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets and Note 7 – Property and Equipment of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Part II, Item 8 of this 2019 Form 10-K).	
 	•	Income tax expense in 2019 included a $4.5 million benefit resulting from the re-measurement of our Alberta deferred tax liabilities due to a statutory rate reduction. Income tax expense in 2018 included a $3.1 million benefit related to the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (the “Tax Act”) and a $0.9 million charge for an increase in our valuation allowance for certain foreign net operating losses. Income tax expense in 2017 included a $16.1 million charge related to the Tax Act. Income tax expense in 2015 included a $1.6 million non-cash tax benefit related to deferred taxes associated with certain foreign intangibles. Refer to Note 17 – Income Taxes of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Part II, Item 8 of this 2019 Form 10-K).	
(3)	On November 3, 2017, we acquired the controlling interest (54.5% of the common stock) in Esja, a private corporation in Reykjavik, Iceland. The minority Esja shareholders have the right to sell (or “put”) their Esja shares to us based on a calculated formula within a predefined term. Refer to Note 22 – Redeemable Noncontrolling Interest of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Part II, Item 8 of this 2019 Form 10-K).	
 
23

Item 7. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
The following Management’s Discussion and Analysis (“MD&A”) should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and related notes. The MD&A is intended to assist in understanding our financial condition and results of operations. This discussion contains forward-looking statements that involve risks and uncertainties. Our actual results could differ materially from those anticipated due to various factors discussed under “Risk Factors,” “Forward-Looking Statements,” and elsewhere in this 2019 Form 10-K.
Overview
We are an international experiential services company with operations in the United States, Canada, the United Kingdom, continental Europe, the United Arab Emirates, and Iceland. We are committed to providing unforgettable experiences to our clients and guests. We operate through three reportable business segments: GES North America, GES EMEA, (collectively, “GES”), and Pursuit.
GES is a global, full-service Live Events company that produces exhibitions, conferences, corporate events, and consumer events. GES offers a comprehensive range of live event services including a full suite of audio-visual services from creative and technology to content and design, along with registration, data analytics, engagement, and online tools powered by next generation technologies that help clients easily manage the complexities of their events.
Pursuit is an attraction and hospitality company that provides a collection of inspiring and unforgettable travel experiences in iconic destinations. From world-class attractions, distinctive lodges and engaging tours in stunning national parks and renowned global travel locations, to our growing collection of FlyOver flight ride experiences, Pursuit’s elevated hospitality experiences enable visitors to discover and connect with these iconic destinations.

24

Results of Operations
A discussion related to our results of operations for 2019 compared to 2018 is presented below. A discussion related to our results of operations for 2018 compared to 2017 can be found under Part II, Item 7 of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2018, filed with the SEC on February 27, 2019, and is incorporated herein by reference.
Financial Highlights
 
 	 	Year Ended December 31,	 	 	 	 	 	
(in thousands, except per share data)	 	2019	 	 	2018	 	 	Change vs. 2018	 	
Total revenue	 	$	1,371,695	 	 	$	1,296,184	 	 	 	5.8	%	
Net income attributable to Viad	 	$	22,035	 	 	$	49,170	 	 	 	(55.2	)%	
Segment operating income(1)	 	$	90,243	 	 	$	88,517	 	 	 	1.9	%	
Diluted income per common share from continuing operations attributable to Viad common stockholders	 	$	1.02	 	 	$	2.33	 	 	 	(56.2	)%	
 	•	Total revenue increased $75.5 million, mainly due to continued growth from GES’ corporate clients and other new client wins, underlying growth at Pursuit, incremental revenue from Pursuit’s Mountain Park Lodges and Belton Chalet acquisitions, and the opening of several new build and refresh projects at Pursuit, offset in part by negative show rotation of approximately $15 million at GES and an unfavorable foreign exchange impact of $13.3 million.	
 	•	Net income attributable to Viad decreased $27.1 million, primarily due to charges related to our partial withdrawal from the Central States Pension Plan of $15.7 million ($11.7 million after tax), a legal settlement charge of $8.5 million ($6.4 million after tax), higher restructuring charges, and an asset impairment charge of $5.3 million ($4.3 million after tax), primarily related to our audio-visual production business in the United Kingdom, offset in part by a decrease in income tax expense and higher segment operating results at Pursuit.	
 	•	Total segment operating income(1) increased $1.7 million, primarily due to the increase in revenue, offset in part by higher accruals for performance-based incentives, the revenue mix at GES, and additional costs to support the growth initiatives of Pursuit.	
(1)	Refer to Note 23 – Segment Information of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Part II, Item 8 of this 2019 Form 10-K) for a reconciliation of the non-GAAP financial measure, segment operating income, to the most directly comparable GAAP measure.	
Foreign Exchange Rate Variances
We conduct our foreign operations primarily in Canada, the United Kingdom, the Netherlands, Germany, and to a lesser extent, in certain other countries.
The following table summarizes the foreign exchange rate variance effects (or “FX Impact”) on revenue and segment operating income from our significant international operations:
 
 	 	Revenue	 	 	Segment Operating Income	 	
 	 	Weighted-Average
Exchange Rates	 	 	FX Impact	 	 	Weighted-Average
Exchange Rates	 	 	FX Impact	 	
 	 	2019	 	 	2018	 	 	(in thousands)	 	 	2019	 	 	2018	 	 	(in thousands)	 	
GES North America:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Canada (CAD)	 	$	0.75	 	 	$	0.77	 	 	$	(1,611	)	 	$	0.75	 	 	$	0.77	 	 	$	(191	)	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
GES EMEA:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
United Kingdom (GBP)	 	$	1.27	 	 	$	1.34	 	 	 	(7,381	)	 	$	1.27	 	 	$	1.31	 	 	 	(50	)	
Europe (EUR)	 	$	1.12	 	 	$	1.18	 	 	 	(2,171	)	 	$	1.11	 	 	$	1.17	 	 	 	(204	)	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	(9,552	)	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	(254	)	
Pursuit:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Canada (CAD)	 	$	0.75	 	 	$	0.77	 	 	 	(2,125	)	 	$	0.76	 	 	$	0.77	 	 	 	(208	)	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	$	(13,288	)	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	$	(653	)	
Revenue and segment operating income were primarily impacted by variances of the British pound, the Canadian dollar, and the Euro relative to the U.S. dollar. Future changes in exchange rates may impact overall expected profitability and historical period-to-period comparisons when revenue and segment operating income are translated into U.S. dollars.
25

Analysis of Revenue and Operating Results by Reportable Segment
GES
During the first quarter of 2019, we realigned GES’ organizational structure. As a result, we changed GES’ reportable segments to reflect how our chief operating decision maker regularly reviews and makes decisions regarding the allocation of resources. Accordingly, GES’ new reportable segments are GES North America and GES EMEA.
The following table presents a comparison of GES’ reported revenue and segment operating income to organic revenue(1) and organic segment operating income(1) for the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018.
 
 	 	Year Ended December 31, 2019	 	 	Year Ended December 31, 2018	 	 	Change vs. 2018	 	
(in thousands)	 	As Reported	 	 	Acquisitions	 	 	FX
Impact	 	 	Organic(1)	 	 	As Reported	 	 	Acquisitions	 	 	Organic(1)	 	 	As Reported	 	 	Organic(1)	 	
Revenue:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
GES:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
North America	 	$	936,032	 	 	$	—	 	 	$	(1,611	)	 	$	937,643	 	 	$	909,790	 	 	$	—	 	 	$	909,790	 	 	 	2.9	%	 	 	3.1	%	
EMEA	 	 	233,591	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	(9,552	)	 	 	243,143	 	 	 	218,247	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	218,247	 	 	 	7.0	%	 	 	11.4	%	
Intersegment eliminations	 	 	(20,741	)	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	(20,741	)	 	 	(17,140	)	 	 	—	 	 	 	(17,140	)	 	 	(21.0	)%	 	 	(21.0	)%	
Total GES	 	$	1,148,882	 	 	$	—	 	 	$	(11,163	)	 	$	1,160,045	 	 	$	1,110,897	 	 	$	—	 	 	$	1,110,897	 	 	 	3.4	%	 	 	4.4	%	
Segment operating income(2):	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
GES:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
North America	 	$	27,659	 	 	$	—	 	 	$	(191	)	 	$	27,850	 	 	$	29,981	 	 	$	—	 	 	$	29,981	 	 	 	(7.7	)%	 	 	(7.1	)%	
EMEA	 	 	8,274	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	(254	)	 	 	8,528	 	 	 	9,621	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	9,621	 	 	 	(14.0	)%	 	 	(11.4	)%	
Total GES	 	$	35,933	 	 	$	—	 	 	$	(445	)	 	$	36,378	 	 	$	39,602	 	 	$	—	 	 	$	39,602	 	 	 	(9.3	)%	 	 	(8.1	)%	
 
(1)	Organic revenue and organic segment operating income are non-GAAP financial measures that adjust for the impacts of exchange rate variances and acquisitions, if any, until such acquisitions are included in the entirety of both comparable periods presented. For more information about organic revenue and organic segment operating income, see the “Non-GAAP Measures” section of this MD&A.	
(2)	Refer to Note 23 – Segment Information of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Part II, Item 8 of this 2019 Form 10-K) for a reconciliation of the non-GAAP financial measure, segment operating income, to the most directly comparable GAAP measure.	
GES North America
GES North America revenue increased $26.2 million or 2.9%, primarily due to continued growth from corporate clients and other new client wins and U.S. base same-show revenue growth of 1.3%, offset in part by negative show rotation of approximately $27 million and an unfavorable FX Impact of $1.6 million. Base same-show revenue represented 29.7% of 2019 GES North America’s organic revenue. Organic revenue* increased $27.9 million or 3.1%.
GES North America segment operating income decreased $2.3 million or 7.7%, primarily due to accruals for performance-based incentives earned in 2019 and the revenue mix. Organic segment operating income* decreased $2.1 million or 7.1%.
GES EMEA
GES EMEA revenue increased $15.3 million or 7.0%, primarily due to positive show rotation of approximately $12 million, new client wins, and growth from the underlying business, offset in part by an unfavorable FX Impact of $9.6 million. Organic revenue* increased $24.9 million or 11.4%.
GES EMEA segment operating income decreased $1.3 million or 14.0%, primarily due to the revenue mix, the timing of certain expenses, and accruals for performance-based incentives earned in 2019. Organic segment operating income* decreased $1.1 million or 11.4%.
* Refer to footnote (1) in the above table for more information about the non-GAAP financial measures of organic revenue and organic segment operating income.
26

Pursuit
The following table presents a comparison of Pursuit’s reported revenue and segment operating income to organic revenue(3) and organic segment operating income(3) for the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018.
 
 	 	Year Ended December 31, 2019	 	 	Year Ended December 31, 2018	 	 	Change vs. 2018	 	
(in thousands)	 	As Reported	 	 	Acquisitions(2)	 	 	FX Impact	 	 	Organic(3)	 	 	As Reported	 	 	Acquisitions	 	 	Organic(3)	 	 	As Reported	 	 	Organic(3)	 	
Revenue(1):	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Pursuit:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Attractions	 	$	110,369	 	 	$	—	 	 	$	(1,470	)	 	$	111,839	 	 	$	103,830	 	 	$	—	 	 	$	103,830	 	 	 	6.3	%	 	 	7.7	%	
Hospitality	 	 	94,149	 	 	 	19,874	 	 	 	(361	)	 	 	74,636	 	 	 	64,620	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	64,620	 	 	 	45.7	%	 	 	15.5	%	
Transportation	 	 	14,861	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	(271	)	 	 	15,132	 	 	 	14,070	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	14,070	 	 	 	5.6	%	 	 	7.5	%	
Travel Planning	 	 	4,504	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	(43	)	 	 	4,547	 	 	 	4,375	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	4,375	 	 	 	2.9	%	 	 	3.9	%	
Intra-Segment Eliminations & Other	 	 	(1,070	)	 	 	—	 	 	 	20	 	 	 	(1,090	)	 	 	(1,608	)	 	 	—	 	 	 	(1,608	)	 	 	33.5	%	 	 	32.2	%	
Total Pursuit	 	$	222,813	 	 	$	19,874	 	 	$	(2,125	)	 	$	205,064	 	 	$	185,287	 	 	$	—	 	 	$	185,287	 	 	 	20.3	%	 	 	10.7	%	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Segment operating income(4):	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Total Pursuit	 	$	54,310	 	 	$	5,693	 	 	$	(208	)	 	$	48,825	 	 	$	48,915	 	 	$	—	 	 	$	48,915	 	 	 	11.0	%	 	 	(0.2	)%	
 
(1)	Revenue by line of business does not agree to Note 2 – Revenue and Related Contract Costs and Contract Liabilities of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Part II, Item 8 of this 2019 Form 10-K) as the amounts in the above table include product revenue from food and beverage and retail operations within each line of business.  	
(2)	Acquisitions include Mountain Park Lodges (acquired June 2019) and Belton Chalet (acquired May 2019).	
(3)	Organic revenue and organic segment operating income are non-GAAP financial measures that adjust for the impacts of exchange rate variances and acquisitions, if any, until such acquisitions are included in the entirety of both comparable periods presented. For more information about organic revenue and organic segment operating income, see the “Non-GAAP Measures” section of this MD&A.	
(4)	Refer to Note 23 – Segment Information of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Part II, Item 8 of this 2019 Form 10-K) for a reconciliation of the non-GAAP financial measure, segment operating income, to the most directly comparable GAAP measure.	
Pursuit revenue increased $37.5 million or 20.3%, primarily due to incremental revenue from the Mountain Park Lodges and the Belton Chalet acquisitions of $19.9 million, the opening of several new build and refresh projects, and stronger performance from our existing assets, offset in part by an unfavorable FX Impact of $2.1 million. Organic revenue* increased $19.8 million or 10.7%.
Pursuit segment operating income increased $5.4 million or 11.0%, primarily due to incremental segment operating income of $5.7 million from the Mountain Park Lodges and Belton Chalet acquisitions and an increase in revenue from our existing assets, offset in part by additional costs to support the continued expansion of the business, including an increase of $4.5 million in depreciation and amortization expense and an unfavorable FX impact of $0.2 million. Organic operating income* decreased $0.1 million or 0.2%.
* Refer to footnote (3) in the above table for more information about the non-GAAP financial measures of organic revenue and organic segment operating income.
27

Performance Measures
We use the following key business metrics to evaluate the performance of Pursuit’s attractions business:
 	•	Number of visitors. The number of visitors allows us to assess the volume of tickets sold at each attraction during the period.	
 	•	Revenue per attraction visitor. Revenue per attraction visitor is calculated as total attractions revenue divided by the total number of visitors at all Pursuit attractions during the period. Total attractions revenue includes ticket sales and ancillary revenue generated by attractions, such as food and beverage and retail revenue. Total attractions revenue per visitor measures the total spend per visitor that attraction properties are able to capture, which is important to the profitability of the attractions business.	
 	•	Effective ticket price. Effective ticket price is calculated as revenue from the sale of attraction tickets divided by the total number of visitors at all comparable Pursuit attractions during the period.	
We use the following key business metrics, common in the hospitality industry, to evaluate Pursuit’s hospitality business:
 	•	Revenue per Available Room. RevPAR is calculated as total rooms revenue divided by the total number of room nights available for all comparable Pursuit hospitality properties during the period. Total rooms revenue does not include non-rooms revenue, which consists of ancillary revenue generated by hospitality properties, such as food and beverage and retail revenue. RevPAR measures the period-over-period change in rooms revenue per available room for comparable hospitality properties. RevPAR is affected by average daily rate and occupancy, which have different implications on profitability.	
 	•	Average Daily Rate. ADR is calculated as total rooms revenue divided by the total number of room nights sold for all comparable Pursuit hospitality properties during the period. ADR is used to assess the pricing levels that the hospitality properties are able to realize. Increases in ADR lead to increases in rooms revenue with no substantial effect on variable costs, therefore having a greater impact on margins than increases in occupancy.	
 	•	Occupancy. Occupancy is calculated as the total number of room nights sold divided by the total number of room nights available for all comparable Pursuit hospitality properties during the period. Occupancy measures the utilization of the available capacity at the hospitality properties. Increases in occupancy result in increases in rooms revenue and additional variable operating costs (including housekeeping services, utilities, and room amenity costs), as well as increases in ancillary non-rooms revenue (including food and beverage and retail revenue).	
The following table provides Pursuit’s same-store key performance indicators. The same-store metrics indicate the performance of all Pursuit’s properties and attractions that we owned and operated at full capacity, considering seasonal closures, for the entirety of both periods presented. For Pursuit properties and attractions located outside of the U.S., comparisons to the prior year are on a constant U.S. dollar basis, using the current year quarterly average exchange rates for previous periods, to eliminate the FX Impact. We believe this same-store constant currency basis provides better comparability between reporting periods.
 
 	 	Year Ended December 31,	 	
 	 	2019	 	 	2018	 	 	Change vs. 2018	 	
Same-Store Key Performance Indicators (1)	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Attractions:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Number of visitors	 	 	2,348,069	 	 	 	2,443,624	 	 	 	(3.9	)%	
Revenue per attraction visitor	 	$	46	 	 	$	42	 	 	 	9.5	%	
Effective ticket price	 	$	35	 	 	$	33	 	 	 	6.1	%	
Hospitality:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Room nights available	 	 	234,938	 	 	 	230,710	 	 	 	1.8	%	
RevPAR	 	$	150	 	 	$	142	 	 	 	5.6	%	
ADR	 	$	215	 	 	$	200	 	 	 	7.5	%	
Occupancy	 	 	69.8	%	 	 	70.7	%	 	 	(0.9	)%	
 	(1)	Same-Store Key Performance Indicators for attractions exclude FlyOver Iceland (opened August 2019). Same-Store Key Performance Indicators for hospitality exclude the West Glacier RV Park & Cabins (opened July 2019), the Mountain Park Lodges (acquired in June 2019), the Belton Chalet (acquired in May 2019), and the Mount Royal Hotel, which was closed from December 2016 through June 2018 for reconstruction due to fire damage.	
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Attractions. The decrease in same-store visitors was driven by the impact of softer visitation from select long-haul markets at certain attractions. Revenue per attraction visitor increased primarily due to higher effective ticket prices and ancillary revenue driven at our recently refreshed experiences and dynamic pricing.
Hospitality. The increase in RevPAR was primarily due to higher ADR driven by our refreshed properties, including the recently renovated Glacier View Lodge and the Mount Royal Hotel, and revenue management efforts across all our properties.
During 2019, Pursuit derived approximately 66% of its revenue and 88% of its segment operating income from its Canadian operations, which are largely dependent on foreign customer visitation. Accordingly, the strengthening or weakening of the Canadian dollar, relative to other currencies, could affect customer volumes and the results of operations.
Other Expenses
 	 	Year Ended December 31,	 	 	 	
(in thousands)	 	2019	 	 	2018	 	 	Change vs. 2018	 	
Corporate activities	 	$	10,865	 	 	$	10,993	 	 	 	(1.2	)%	
Interest expense	 	$	14,199	 	 	$	9,640	 	 	 	47.3	%	
Multi-employer pension plan withdrawal	 	$	15,693	 	 	$	—	 	 	**	 	
Other expense	 	$	1,586	 	 	$	1,744	 	 	 	(9.1	)%	
Restructuring charges	 	$	8,380	 	 	$	1,587	 	 	**	 	
Legal settlement	 	$	8,500	 	 	$	—	 	 	**	 	
Impairment charges (recoveries)	 	$	5,346	 	 	$	(35	)	 	**	 	
Income tax expense	 	$	2,506	 	 	$	17,095	 	 	 	(85.3	)%	
Income (loss) from discontinued operations	 	$	(81	)	 	$	1,481	 	 	**	 	
** Change is greater than +/- 100%.
Corporate Activities – The decrease in corporate activities expense during 2019 relative to 2018 was primarily due to a gain on sale of corporate fixed assets and foreign currency exchange, offset in part by higher acquisition transaction-related costs in 2019.
Interest Expense – The increase in interest expense relative to 2018 was primarily due to higher debt balances in 2019.
Multi-Employer Pension Plan Withdrawal – During 2019, we finalized the terms of a new collective bargaining agreement with the Teamsters 727 union. The terms included a withdrawal from the underfunded Central States Pension Plan. Accordingly, we recorded a charge of $15.5 million, which represents the estimated present value of future contributions we will be required to make to the plan as a result of this withdrawal and $0.2 million of other withdrawal costs.
Other Expense – Other expense primarily represents the nonservice cost component of net periodic benefit cost.
Restructuring Charges – Restructuring charges during 2019 were primarily related to the elimination of certain positions at GES, our corporate headquarters, and Pursuit, in addition to facility consolidations at GES. Restructuring charges during 2018 were primarily related to the elimination of certain positions at GES and Pursuit.
Legal Settlement – During 2019, we recorded a charge to resolve a legal dispute at GES involving a former industry contractor.
Impairment Charges (Recoveries) – We recorded asset impairment charges of $5.3 million during the fourth quarter of 2019 primarily related to our audio-visual production business in the United Kingdom.
Income Tax Expense – Our effective income tax rate for 2019 was 9.6% as compared to 26.3% for 2018.  The decrease in the effective rate was primarily related to a $4.5 million benefit resulting from the re-measurement of our Alberta deferred tax liabilities due to a statutory rate reduction, higher foreign tax credits generated, and lower state taxes, partially offset by the mix of domestic versus foreign income, which is taxed at higher rates.
Income (Loss) from Discontinued Operations – Loss from discontinued operations during 2019 was primarily related to legal expenses related to previously sold operations. Income from discontinued operations during 2018 was primarily related to a favorable legal settlement related to previously sold operations, offset in part by legal expenses related to previously sold operations.
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Liquidity and Capital Resources
Cash and cash equivalents were $62.0 million as of December 31, 2019, as compared to $44.9 million as of December 31, 2018. During the year ended December 31, 2019, we generated net cash from operating activities of $108.1 million. We believe that our existing sources of liquidity will be sufficient to fund operations and capital commitments for at least the next 12 months.
As of December 31, 2019, we held approximately $59.0 million of our cash and cash equivalents outside of the United States, consisting of $22.8 million in Canada, $11.9 million in the Netherlands, $11.1 million in the United Kingdom, $9.2 million in the United Arab Emirates, and $4.0 million in other countries.
Cash Flows
Operating Activities
 
 	 	Year Ended December 31,	 	
(in thousands)	 	2019	 	 	2018	 	
Net income	 	$	23,523	 	 	$	49,395	 	
Depreciation and amortization	 	 	58,964	 	 	 	56,842	 	
Deferred income taxes	 	 	(10,398	)	 	 	5,350	 	
(Income) loss from discontinued operations	 	 	81	 	 	 	(1,481	)	
Restructuring charges	 	 	8,380	 	 	 	1,587	 	
Legal settlement	 	 	8,500	 	 	 	—	 	
Impairment charges (recoveries)	 	 	5,346	 	 	 	(35	)	
Multi-employer pension plan withdrawal	 	 	15,693	 	 	 	—	 	
Other non-cash items	 	 	9,506	 	 	 	9,649	 	
Changes in assets and liabilities	 	 	(11,455	)	 	 	(30,712	)	
Net cash provided by operating activities	 	$	108,140	 	 	$	90,595	 	
Net cash provided by operating activities increased $17.5 million, primarily due to a decrease in cash paid for taxes and lower performance-based compensation payments.
Investing Activities
 
 	 	Year Ended December 31,	 	
(in thousands)	 	2019	 	 	2018	 	
Capital expenditures	 	$	(76,147	)	 	$	(83,345	)	
Cash paid for acquisitions, net	 	 	(90,992	)	 	 	(4,628	)	
Proceeds from dispositions of property and other assets	 	 	1,583	 	 	 	925	 	
Net cash used in investing activities	 	$	(165,556	)	 	$	(87,048	)	
Net cash used in investing activities increased $78.5 million, primarily due to the Mountain Park Lodges, the Belton Chalet, and the Sky Lagoon attraction acquisitions in 2019.
Financing Activities
 
 	 	Year Ended December 31,	 	
(in thousands)	 	2019	 	 	2018	 	
Proceeds from borrowings	 	$	200,473	 	 	$	146,580	 	
Payments on debt and finance lease obligations	 	 	(115,708	)	 	 	(128,211	)	
Dividends paid on common stock	 	 	(8,094	)	 	 	(8,154	)	
Distributions to noncontrolling interest	 	 	(407	)	 	 	—	 	
Debt issuance costs	 	 	(39	)	 	 	(1,823	)	
Payment of payroll taxes on stock-based compensation through shares withheld or repurchased	 	 	(3,046	)	 	 	(1,209	)	
Common stock purchased for treasury	 	 	—	 	 	 	(17,174	)	
Proceeds from exercise of stock options	 	 	293	 	 	 	84	 	
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities	 	$	73,472	 	 	$	(9,907	)	
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The change in net cash provided by (used in) financing activities of $83.4 million was primarily due to net debt proceeds of $84.8 million during 2019 compared to $18.4 million during 2018, as well as the repurchase of treasury shares on the open market in 2018.
Debt and Finance Lease Obligations
Refer to Note 12 – Debt and Finance Lease Obligations of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Part II, Item 8 of this 2019 Form 10-K) for further discussion.
Guarantees
Refer to Note 21 – Litigation, Claims, Contingencies, and Other of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Part II, Item 8 of this 2019 Form 10-K) for further discussion.
Share Repurchases
Our Board of Directors has authorized us to repurchase shares of our common stock from time to time at prevailing market prices. Effective February 7, 2019, our Board of Directors authorized the repurchase of an additional 500,000 shares. No shares were repurchased on the open market during 2019. During 2018, we repurchased 340,473 shares on the open market for $17.2 million. As of December 31, 2019, 600,067 shares remained available for repurchase. The Board of Directors’ authorization does not have an expiration date.
Additionally, we repurchased shares related to tax withholding requirements on vested restricted share-based awards.
Contractual Obligations
The following table presents our contractual obligations as of December 31, 2019.

 	 	 	 	 	 	Payments due by period	 	
(in thousands)	 	Total	 	 	2020	 	 	2021-2022	 	 	2023-2024	 	 	Thereafter	 	
Revolver borrowings	 	$	317,071	 	 	$	313,407	 	 	$	3,664	 	 	$	—	 	 	$	—	 	
Operating leases	 	 	105,031	 	 	 	22,180	 	 	 	29,304	 	 	 	17,955	 	 	 	35,592	 	
Pension and postretirement benefits (1)	 	 	58,050	 	 	 	4,387	 	 	 	9,066	 	 	 	9,036	 	 	 	35,561	 	
Purchase obligations (2)	 	 	77,075	 	 	 	73,633	 	 	 	3,324	 	 	 	118	 	 	 	—	 	
Finance lease obligations	 	 	25,257	 	 	 	3,386	 	 	 	5,674	 	 	 	3,767	 	 	 	12,430	 	
Total contractual obligations (3)	 	$	582,484	 	 	$	416,993	 	 	$	51,032	 	 	$	30,876	 	 	$	83,583	 	
(1)	We have included the estimated payments due as a result of our withdrawal from the Central States pension plan. Estimated contributions related to multi-employer benefit plans are excluded from the table above. Refer to Note 18 – Pension and Postretirement Benefits of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Part II, Item 8 of this 2019 Form 10-K) for further information.	
(2)	Purchase obligations primarily represent payments due under various licensing agreements and commitments related to consulting and other contracted services that are enforceable and legally binding and that specify all significant terms, including open purchase orders.	
(3)	Aggregate self-insurance liabilities are excluded from the table above as the timing and amounts of future cash outflows are uncertain. Redeemable noncontrolling interest is also excluded from the above table as the redemption value of the put option and the timing and amounts of future cash outflows is uncertain. Refer to Note 10 – Other Current Liabilities, Note 11 – Other Deferred Items and Liabilities, and Note 22 – Redeemable Noncontrolling Interest of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Part II, Item 8 of this 2019 Form 10-K) for further information.	
We are plaintiffs or defendants to various actions, proceedings, and pending claims, some of which involve, or may involve, compensatory, punitive, or other damages. Additionally, our business contributes to various multi-employer pension plans based on obligations arising under collective bargaining agreements covering our union-represented employees. Refer to Note 21 – Litigation, Claims, Contingencies, and Other of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Part II, Item 8 of this 2019 Form 10-K) for further information.
Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements
We have not entered into any off-balance sheet arrangements with unconsolidated special-purpose or other entities that would materially affect our financial position, results of operations, liquidity, or capital resources. Furthermore, we do not have any relationships with special-purpose or other entities that provide off-balance sheet financing; liquidity, market risk, or credit
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risk support; or engage in leasing or other services that may expose us to liability or risks of loss that are not reflected in the consolidated financial statements and related notes. Refer to Note 12 – Debt and Finance Lease Obligations, Note 20 – Leases and Other, and Note 21 – Litigation, Claims, Contingencies, and Other of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Part II, Item 8 of this 2019 Form 10-K) for further information.
Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates
The consolidated financial statements are prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP. We are required to make estimates and assumptions that affect our reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenue, and expenses. Critical accounting policies are those policies that are most important to the portrayal of our financial position and results of operations, and that require us to make the most difficult and subjective judgments, often as a result of the need to make estimates of matters that are inherently uncertain. We identified and discussed with our audit committee the following critical accounting policies and estimates and the methodology and disclosures related to those estimates:
Revenue recognition — Revenue is measured based on a specified amount of consideration in a contract with a customer, net of commissions paid to customers and amounts collected on behalf of third parties. We recognize revenue when a performance obligation is satisfied by transferring control of a product or service to a customer.
GES’ service revenue is primarily derived through its comprehensive range of services to event organizers and corporate brand marketers including Core Services, Audio-Visual, and Event Technology. GES’ service revenue is earned over time over the duration of the exhibition, conference or corporate event, which generally lasts one to three days; however, we use the practical expedient of recognizing service revenue at the close of the event when we have the right to invoice. GES’ product revenue is derived from the build of exhibits and environments and graphics. GES’ product revenue is recognized at a point in time upon delivery of the product. 
Pursuit’s service revenue is derived through its accommodations, admissions, transportation, and travel planning services. Pursuit’s product revenue is derived through food and beverage and retail sales. Pursuit’s revenue is recognized at the time services are performed or upon delivery of the product. Pursuit’s service revenue is recognized over time as the customer simultaneously receives and consumes the benefits. Pursuit’s product revenue is recognized at a point in time.
Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets — Goodwill and other intangible assets with indefinite useful lives are not amortized, but instead are tested for impairment at least annually. Intangible assets with finite lives are amortized over their respective estimated useful lives and are reviewed for impairment if an event occurs or circumstances change that would indicate the intangible asset’s carrying value may not be recoverable.
Goodwill is tested for impairment at the reporting unit level on an annual basis as of October 31, and between annual tests if an event occurs or circumstances change that would more-likely-than-not reduce the fair value of a reporting unit below its carrying value. Our reporting units are defined, and goodwill is tested, at either an operating segment level or at the component level of an operating segment, depending on various factors including the internal reporting structure of the operating segment, the level of integration among components, the sharing of assets and other resources among components, and the benefits and likely recoverability of goodwill by the component’s operations.
GES North America’s goodwill is assigned to, and tested at, the operating segment level (GES U.S. and GES Canada (collectively “GES North America”). GES EMEA’s goodwill is assigned to and tested at the operating segment level. Pursuit’s goodwill impairment testing is performed at the reporting unit level (Banff Jasper Collection, the Alaska Collection, the Glacier Park Collection, and FlyOver).
For purposes of goodwill impairment testing, we use a discounted expected future cash flow methodology (income approach) to estimate the fair value of our reporting units. The estimates and assumptions regarding expected future cash flows, discount rates, and terminal values require considerable judgment and are based on market conditions, financial forecasts, industry trends, and historical experience.
The most critical assumptions and estimates in determining the estimated fair value of our reporting units relate to the amounts and timing of expected future cash flows for each reporting unit and the reporting unit cost of capital (discount rate) applied to those cash flows. We estimate the assumed reporting unit cost of capital rates (discount rates) using a build-up method based on the perceived risk associated with the cash flows pertaining to the specific reporting unit. In order to assess the reasonableness of our fair value estimates, we perform a reconciliation of the aggregate fair values of our reporting units to our market capitalization.
As noted above, the estimates and assumptions regarding expected future cash flows, discount rates, and terminal values require considerable judgment and are based on market conditions, financial forecasts, industry trends, and historical
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experience. These estimates have inherent uncertainties, and different assumptions could lead to materially different results. As of December 31, 2019, our aggregate goodwill was $288.0 million. As a result of our most recent impairment analysis performed as of October 31, 2019, the excess of the estimated fair value over the carrying value for each of our reporting units (expressed as a percentage of the carrying amounts) under step one of the impairment test for GES U.S. was 238%, GES EMEA was 226%, GES Canada was 591%, the Banff Jasper Collection was 237%, the Alaska Collection was 110%, the Glacier Park Collection was 25%, and FlyOver was 60%. Significant reductions in our expected future revenue, operating income, or cash flow forecasts and projections, or an increase in a reporting unit’s cost of capital, could trigger additional goodwill impairment testing, which may result in impairment charges.
If an impairment indicator related to intangible assets is identified, or if other circumstances indicate an impairment may exist, we perform an assessment to determine if an impairment loss should be recognized. This assessment includes a recoverability test to identify if the expected future undiscounted cash flows are less than the carrying value of the related assets. If the results of the recoverability test indicate that expected future undiscounted cash flows are less than the carrying value of the related assets, we perform a measurement of impairment and we recognize any carrying amount in excess of fair value as an impairment. We periodically evaluate the continued recoverability of intangible assets which were previously evaluated due to an impairment indicator to determine if remeasurement is necessary.  
During the fourth quarter of 2019, there were indicators of impairment of our intangible and other long-lived assets at our audio-visual production business in the United Kingdom, Blitz. As a result, we recorded an asset impairment charge to equipment of $3.5 million and to our intangible asset of $1.5 million.
Income taxes — We are required to estimate and record provisions for income taxes in each of the jurisdictions in which we operate. Accordingly, we must estimate our actual current income tax liability, and assess temporary differences arising from the treatment of items for tax purposes, as compared to the treatment for accounting purposes. These differences result in deferred tax assets and liabilities which are included in the Consolidated Balance Sheets. We use significant judgment in forming conclusions regarding the recoverability of our deferred tax assets and evaluate all available positive and negative evidence to determine if it is more-likely-than-not that the deferred tax assets will be realized. To the extent recovery does not appear likely, a valuation allowance must be recorded. We had gross deferred tax assets of $40.5 million as of December 31, 2019 and $36.5 million as of December 31, 2018.
While we believe that the deferred tax assets, net of existing valuation allowances, will be utilized in future periods, there are inherent uncertainties regarding the ultimate realization of these assets. It is possible that the relative weight of positive and negative evidence regarding the realization of deferred tax assets may change, which could result in a material increase or decrease in our valuation allowance. Such a change could result in a material increase or decrease to income tax expense in the period the assessment was made.
We record uncertain tax positions on the basis of a two-step process: first we determine whether it is more-likely-than-not that the tax positions will be sustained on the basis of the technical merits of the position; and, if so, we recognize the largest amount of tax benefit that is more than 50% likely to be realized upon ultimate settlement with the related tax authority.
Pension and postretirement benefits — Our pension plans use traditional defined benefit formulas based on years of service and final average compensation. Funding policies provide that payments to defined benefit pension trusts shall be at least equal to the minimum funding required by applicable regulations. We presently anticipate contributing $1.4 million to our funded pension plans and $0.9 million to our unfunded pension plans in 2020.
We have defined benefit postretirement plans that provide medical and life insurance for certain eligible employees, retirees, and dependents. The related postretirement benefit liabilities are recognized over the employees’ service period. In addition, we retain the obligations for these benefits for retirees of certain sold businesses. While the plans have no funding requirements, we expect to contribute $1.0 million to the plans in 2020.
The discount rates used in determining future pension and postretirement benefit obligations are based on rates determined by actuarial analysis and management review and reflect the estimated rates of return on a high-quality, hypothetical bond portfolio whose cash flows match the timing and amounts of expected benefit payments. Refer to Note 18 – Pension and Postretirement Benefits of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Part II, Item 8 of this 2019 Form 10-K) for further information.
Share-based compensation — We grant share-based compensation awards to our officers, directors, and certain key employees under our 2017 Viad Corp Omnibus Incentive Plan, which has a 10-year term and provides for the following types of awards: (a) incentive and non-qualified stock options; (b) restricted stock and restricted stock units; (c) performance units or performance shares; (d) stock appreciation rights; (e) cash-based awards; and (f) certain other stock-based awards.
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Share-based compensation expense recognized in the consolidated financial statements was $7.2 million in 2019, $4.9 million in 2018, and $11.0 million in 2017, and the total tax benefits related to such costs were $2.2 million in 2019, $1.2 million in 2018, and $4.1 million in 2017. No share-based compensation costs were capitalized during 2019, 2018, or 2017.
The fair value of restricted stock awards is based on our stock price on the grant date. Liability-based awards are recorded at estimated fair value, based on the number of units expected to vest and the level of achievement of predefined performance goals, where applicable, and are remeasured on each balance sheet date based on our stock price, and the Monte Carlo simulation model, until the time of settlement. The Monte Carlo simulation requires the use of a number of assumptions, including historical volatility and correlation between our stock price and the price of the common shares of a comparator group, a risk-free rate of return, and an expected term. Equity-based awards (including performance units) are recorded at estimated fair value, based on the number of units expected to vest and the level of achievement of predefined performance goals, until the time of settlement. Refer to Note 3 – Share-Based Compensation of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Part II, Item 8 of this 2019 Form 10-K) for further information.
Self-Insurance Liabilities — We are self-insured up to certain limits for workers’ compensation and general liabilities, which includes automobile, product general liability, and client property loss claims. We have also retained and provided for certain workers’ compensation insurance liabilities in conjunction with previously sold businesses. We are also self-insured for certain employee health benefits. Provisions for losses for claims incurred, including actuarially derived estimated claims incurred but not yet reported, are made based on historical experience, claims frequency, and other factors. We have purchased insurance for amounts in excess of the self-insured levels.
Impact of Recent Accounting Pronouncements
Refer to Note 1 – Overview and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Part II, Item 8 of this 2019 Form 10-K) for further information.
Non-GAAP Measures
In addition to disclosing financial results that are determined in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”), we also disclose the following non-GAAP financial measures: Segment operating income, organic revenue, and organic segment operating income (collectively, the “Non-GAAP Measures”). Our use of Non-GAAP Measures is supplemental to, but not as a substitute for, other measures of financial performance reported in accordance with GAAP. As not all companies use identical calculations, our Non-GAAP Measures may not be comparable to similarly titled measures used by other companies. We believe that our use of Non-GAAP Measures provides useful information to investors regarding our results of operations for trending, analyzing, and benchmarking our performance and the value of our business.
 	•	“Segment operating income” is net income attributable to Viad before income (loss) from discontinued operations, corporate activities, interest expense and interest income, income taxes, restructuring charges, impairment charges and recoveries, and the reduction for income attributable to noncontrolling interest. Segment operating income is used to measure the profit and performance of our operating segments to facilitate period-to-period comparisons. Refer to Note 23 – Segment Information of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Part II, Item 8 of this 2019 Form 10-K) for a reconciliation of segment operating income to income from continuing operations before income taxes.	
 	•	“Organic revenue” and “organic segment operating income” are revenue and segment operating income (as defined above), respectively, without the impact of exchange rate variances and acquisitions, if any, until such acquisitions are included in the entirety of both comparable periods. The impact of exchange rate variances is calculated as the difference between current period activity translated at the current period’s exchange rates and the comparable prior period’s exchange rates. We believe the presentation of “organic” results permits investors to better understand our performance without the effects of exchange rate variances or acquisitions and to facilitate period-to-period comparisons and analysis of our operating performance. Refer to the “Results of Operations” section of this MD&A for reconciliations of organic revenue and organic segment operating income to the most directly comparable GAAP measures.	
We believe non-GAAP Measures are useful operating metrics as they eliminate potential variations arising from taxes, debt service costs, impairment charges and recoveries, and the effects of discontinued operations, resulting in additional measures considered to be indicative of our ongoing operations and segment performance. Although we use Non-GAAP Measures to assess the performance of our business, the use of these measures is limited because these measures do not consider material costs, expenses, and other items necessary to operate our business. These items include debt service costs, expenses related to U.S. federal, state, local and foreign income taxes, impairment charges and recoveries, and the effects of discontinued
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operations. As the Non-GAAP Measures do not consider these items, you should consider net income attributable to Viad as an important measure of financial performance because it provides a more complete measure of our performance.
Item 7A. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK
Our market risk exposure relates to fluctuations in foreign exchange rates and interest rates. Foreign exchange risk is the risk that fluctuating exchange rates will adversely affect our financial condition or results of operations. Interest rate risk is the risk that changing interest rates will adversely affect our financial position or results of operations.
Our foreign operations are primarily in Canada, the United Kingdom, Iceland, the Netherlands, and Germany. The functional currency of our foreign subsidiaries is their local currency. Accordingly, for purposes of consolidation, we translate the assets and liabilities of our foreign subsidiaries into U.S. dollars at the foreign exchange rates in effect at the balance sheet date. The unrealized gains or losses resulting from the translation of these foreign denominated assets and liabilities are included as a component of accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) in the Consolidated Balance Sheets. As a result, significant fluctuations in foreign exchange rates relative to the U.S. dollar may result in material changes to our net equity position reported in the Consolidated Balance Sheets. We do not currently hedge our equity risk arising from the translation of foreign denominated assets and liabilities. We recorded cumulative unrealized foreign currency translation losses in stockholders’ equity of $23.8 million as of December 31, 2019 and $36.3 million as of December 31, 2018. We recorded unrealized foreign currency translation gains in other comprehensive income of $12.5 million during the year ended December 31, 2019 and foreign currency translation losses of $24.3 million during the year ended December 31, 2018, in each case, net of tax.
For purposes of consolidation, revenue, expenses, gains, and losses related to our foreign operations are translated into U.S. dollars at the average foreign exchange rates for the period. As a result, our consolidated results of operations are exposed to fluctuations in foreign exchange rates as revenue and segment operating income of our foreign operations, when translated, may vary from period to period, even when the functional currency amounts have not changed. Such fluctuations may adversely impact overall expected profitability and historical period-to-period comparisons. We do not currently hedge our net earnings exposure arising from the translation of our foreign revenue and segment operating income. Refer to “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations – Foreign Exchange Rate Variances” (Part II, Item 7 of this 2019 Form 10-K) for a further discussion.
A hypothetical change of 10% in the Canadian dollar exchange rate would result in a change to 2019 operating income of approximately $5.3 million. A hypothetical change of 10% in the British pound exchange rate would result in a change to 2019 operating income of approximately $0.1 million. A hypothetical change of 10% in the Euro exchange rate would result in a change to 2019 operating income of approximately $0.4 million.
We are exposed to foreign exchange transaction risk, as our foreign subsidiaries have certain revenue transactions denominated in currencies other than the functional currency of the respective subsidiary. From time to time, we utilize forward contracts to mitigate the impact on earnings related to these transactions due to fluctuations in foreign exchange rates. As of December 31, 2019 and 2018, we did not have any outstanding foreign currency forward contracts.
We are exposed to short-term and long-term interest rate risk on certain of our debt obligations. We do not currently use derivative financial instruments to hedge cash flows for such obligations.
35

 
Item 8. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA
 
INDEX TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

 	Page	
Consolidated Balance Sheets	37	
Consolidated Statements of Operations	38	
Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income	39	
Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity	40	
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows	41	
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements	42	
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm	82	
Schedule II – Valuation and Qualifying Accounts	93	
 
36

VIAD CORP
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
 
 	 	December 31,	 	
(in thousands, except share data)	 	2019	 	 	2018	 	
Assets	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Current assets	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Cash and cash equivalents	 	$	61,999	 	 	$	44,893	 	
Accounts receivable, net of allowances for doubtful accounts of $1,200 and $1,288,
   respectively	 	 	126,246	 	 	 	108,936	 	
Inventories	 	 	17,269	 	 	 	16,629	 	
Current contract costs	 	 	24,535	 	 	 	18,017	 	
Other current assets	 	 	30,854	 	 	 	25,486	 	
Total current assets	 	 	260,903	 	 	 	213,961	 	
Property and equipment, net	 	 	500,901	 	 	 	333,847	 	
Other investments and assets	 	 	45,119	 	 	 	42,910	 	
Operating lease right-of-use assets	 	 	103,314	 	 	 	—	 	
Deferred income taxes	 	 	26,163	 	 	 	19,199	 	
Goodwill	 	 	287,983	 	 	 	261,330	 	
Other intangible assets, net	 	 	94,308	 	 	 	51,294	 	
Total Assets	 	$	1,318,691	 	 	$	922,541	 	
Liabilities and Stockholders’ Equity	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Current liabilities	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Accounts payable	 	$	86,660	 	 	$	71,927	 	
Contract liabilities	 	 	50,671	 	 	 	33,476	 	
Accrued compensation	 	 	32,658	 	 	 	22,668	 	
Operating lease obligations	 	 	22,180	 	 	 	—	 	
Other current liabilities	 	 	39,824	 	 	 	32,258	 	
Current portion of debt and finance lease obligations	 	 	316,794	 	 	 	229,416	 	
Total current liabilities	 	 	548,787	 	 	 	389,745	 	
Long-term debt and finance lease obligations	 	 	23,698	 	 	 	705	 	
Pension and postretirement benefits	 	 	26,247	 	 	 	26,636	 	
Long-term operating lease obligations	 	 	82,851	 	 	 	—	 	
Other deferred items and liabilities	 	 	83,707	 	 	 	48,991	 	
Total liabilities	 	 	765,290	 	 	 	466,077	 	
Commitments and contingencies	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Redeemable noncontrolling interest	 	 	6,172	 	 	 	5,909	 	
Stockholders’ equity	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Viad Corp stockholders’ equity:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Common stock, $1.50 par value, 200,000,000 shares authorized, 24,934,981 shares
   issued and outstanding	 	 	37,402	 	 	 	37,402	 	
Additional capital	 	 	574,473	 	 	 	575,339	 	
Retained earnings	 	 	122,971	 	 	 	109,032	 	
Unearned employee benefits and other	 	 	—	 	 	 	199	 	
Accumulated other comprehensive loss	 	 	(35,699	)	 	 	(47,975	)	
Common stock in treasury, at cost, 4,588,084 and 4,741,638 shares, respectively	 	 	(231,649	)	 	 	(237,790	)	
Total Viad stockholders’ equity	 	 	467,498	 	 	 	436,207	 	
Non-redeemable noncontrolling interest	 	 	79,731	 	 	 	14,348	 	
Total stockholders’ equity	 	 	547,229	 	 	 	450,555	 	
Total Liabilities and Stockholders’ Equity	 	$	1,318,691	 	 	$	922,541	 	
 
Refer to Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
37

VIAD CORP
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS
 
 	 	Year Ended December 31,	 	
(in thousands, except per share data)	 	2019	 	 	2018	 	 	2017	 	
Revenue:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Services	 	$	1,170,493	 	 	$	1,110,249	 	 	$	1,132,424	 	
Products	 	 	201,202	 	 	 	185,935	 	 	 	174,541	 	
Total revenue	 	 	1,371,695	 	 	 	1,296,184	 	 	 	1,306,965	 	
Costs and expenses:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Costs of services	 	 	1,100,146	 	 	 	1,039,403	 	 	 	1,052,911	 	
Costs of products	 	 	181,380	 	 	 	168,799	 	 	 	158,081	 	
Business interruption gain	 	 	(141	)	 	 	(602	)	 	 	(2,692	)	
Corporate activities	 	 	10,865	 	 	 	10,993	 	 	 	12,396	 	
Interest income	 	 	(369	)	 	 	(354	)	 	 	(319	)	
Interest expense	 	 	14,199	 	 	 	9,640	 	 	 	8,304	 	
Multi-employer pension plan withdrawal	 	 	15,693	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	
Other expense	 	 	1,586	 	 	 	1,744	 	 	 	2,028	 	
Restructuring charges	 	 	8,380	 	 	 	1,587	 	 	 	1,004	 	
Legal settlement	 	 	8,500	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	
Impairment charges (recoveries)	 	 	5,346	 	 	 	(35	)	 	 	(29,098	)	
Total costs and expenses	 	 	1,345,585	 	 	 	1,231,175	 	 	 	1,202,615	 	
Income from continuing operations before income taxes	 	 	26,110	 	 	 	65,009	 	 	 	104,350	 	
Income tax expense	 	 	2,506	 	 	 	17,095	 	 	 	45,898	 	
Income from continuing operations	 	 	23,604	 	 	 	47,914	 	 	 	58,452	 	
Income (loss) from discontinued operations	 	 	(81	)	 	 	1,481	 	 	 	(268	)	
Net income	 	 	23,523	 	 	 	49,395	 	 	 	58,184	 	
Net income attributable to non-redeemable noncontrolling interest	 	 	(2,309	)	 	 	(542	)	 	 	(523	)	
Net loss attributable to redeemable noncontrolling interest	 	 	821	 	 	 	317	 	 	 	46	 	
Net income attributable to Viad	 	$	22,035	 	 	$	49,170	 	 	$	57,707	 	
Diluted income (loss) per common share:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Continuing operations attributable to Viad common stockholders	 	$	1.02	 	 	$	2.33	 	 	$	2.84	 	
Discontinued operations attributable to Viad common stockholders	 	 	—	 	 	 	0.07	 	 	 	(0.01	)	
Net income attributable to Viad common stockholders	 	$	1.02	 	 	$	2.40	 	 	$	2.83	 	
Weighted-average outstanding and potentially dilutive common
   shares	 	 	20,284	 	 	 	20,404	 	 	 	20,405	 	
Basic income (loss) per common share:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Continuing operations attributable to Viad common stockholders	 	$	1.02	 	 	$	2.33	 	 	$	2.84	 	
Discontinued operations attributable to Viad common stockholders	 	 	—	 	 	 	0.07	 	 	 	(0.01	)	
Net income attributable to Viad common stockholders	 	$	1.02	 	 	$	2.40	 	 	$	2.83	 	
Weighted-average outstanding common shares	 	 	20,146	 	 	 	20,168	 	 	 	20,146	 	
Dividends declared per common share	 	$	0.40	 	 	$	0.40	 	 	$	0.40	 	
Amounts attributable to Viad common stockholders	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Income from continuing operations	 	$	22,116	 	 	$	47,689	 	 	$	57,975	 	
Income (loss) from discontinued operations	 	 	(81	)	 	 	1,481	 	 	 	(268	)	
Net income	 	$	22,035	 	 	$	49,170	 	 	$	57,707	 	
 
Refer to Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
38

VIAD CORP
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME
 
 	 	Year Ended December 31,	 	
(in thousands)	 	2019	 	 	2018	 	 	2017	 	
Net income	 	$	23,523	 	 	$	49,395	 	 	$	58,184	 	
Other comprehensive income (loss):	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Unrealized gains on investments, net of tax effects of $0, $0, and $121	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	195	 	
Unrealized foreign currency translation adjustments, net of tax	 	 	12,533	 	 	 	(24,306	)	 	 	17,058	 	
Change in net actuarial loss, net of tax effects of $(44), $305, and $163	 	 	(116	)	 	 	1,236	 	 	 	344	 	
Change in prior service cost, net of tax effects of $(48), $(52), and $(473)	 	 	(141	)	 	 	(153	)	 	 	(774	)	
Comprehensive income	 	 	35,799	 	 	 	26,172	 	 	 	75,007	 	
Non-redeemable noncontrolling interest:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Comprehensive income attributable to non-redeemable noncontrolling interest	 	 	(2,309	)	 	 	(542	)	 	 	(523	)	
Unrealized foreign currency translation adjustments, net of tax	 	 	1,080	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	
Redeemable noncontrolling interest:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Comprehensive loss attributable to redeemable noncontrolling interest	 	 	821	 	 	 	317	 	 	 	46	 	
Comprehensive income attributable to Viad	 	$	35,391	 	 	$	25,947	 	 	$	74,530	 	

Refer to Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
 
39

VIAD CORP
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY
 
(in thousands)	 	Common
Stock	 	 	Additional
Capital	 	 	Retained
Earnings (Deficit)	 	 	Unearned
Employee Benefits
and Other	 	 	Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)	 	 	Common
Stock in
Treasury	 	 	Total
Viad
Equity	 	 	Non-Redeemable Non-Controlling
Interest	 	 	Total
Stockholders’
Equity	 	
Balance, December 31, 2016	 	$	37,402	 	 	$	573,841	 	 	$	16,291	 	 	$	172	 	 	$	(39,391	)	 	$	(230,960	)	 	$	357,355	 	 	$	13,283	 	 	$	370,638	 	
Net income	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	57,707	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	57,707	 	 	 	523	 	 	 	58,230	 	
Dividends on common stock ($0.40 per share)	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	(8,160	)	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	(8,160	)	 	 	—	 	 	 	(8,160	)	
Payment of payroll taxes on stock-based compensation through shares withheld	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	(2,119	)	 	 	(2,119	)	 	 	—	 	 	 	(2,119	)	
Employee benefit plans	 	 	—	 	 	 	(2,687	)	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	6,864	 	 	 	4,177	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	4,177	 	
Share-based compensation - equity awards	 	 	—	 	 	 	3,623	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	3,623	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	3,623	 	
Unrealized foreign currency translation adjustment, net of tax	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	17,058	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	17,058	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	17,058	 	
Unrealized gain on investments, net of tax	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	195	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	195	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	195	 	
Amortization of net actuarial gain, net of tax	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	344	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	344	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	344	 	
Amortization of prior service cost, net of tax	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	(774	)	 	 	—	 	 	 	(774	)	 	 	—	 	 	 	(774	)	
Other, net	 	 	—	 	 	 	(319	)	 	 	(2	)	 	 	46	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	(275	)	 	 	—	 	 	 	(275	)	
Balance, December 31, 2017	 	$	37,402	 	 	$	574,458	 	 	$	65,836	 	 	$	218	 	 	$	(22,568	)	 	$	(226,215	)	 	$	429,131	 	 	$	13,806	 	 	$	442,937	 	
Net income	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	49,170	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	49,170	 	 	 	542	 	 	 	49,712	 	
Dividends on common stock ($0.40 per share)	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	(8,154	)	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	(8,154	)	 	 	—	 	 	 	(8,154	)	
Payment of payroll taxes on stock-based compensation through shares withheld	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	(1,209	)	 	 	(1,209	)	 	 	—	 	 	 	(1,209	)	
Common stock purchased for treasury	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	(17,174	)	 	 	(17,174	)	 	 	—	 	 	 	(17,174	)	
Employee benefit plans	 	 	—	 	 	 	(1,905	)	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	6,807	 	 	 	4,902	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	4,902	 	
Share-based compensation - equity awards	 	 	—	 	 	 	2,849	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	2,849	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	2,849	 	
Unrealized foreign currency translation adjustment, net of tax	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	(24,306	)	 	 	—	 	 	 	(24,306	)	 	 	—	 	 	 	(24,306	)	
Amortization of net actuarial loss, net of tax	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	1,236	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	1,236	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	1,236	 	
Amortization of prior service cost, net of tax	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	(153	)	 	 	—	 	 	 	(153	)	 	 	—	 	 	 	(153	)	
Adoption of ASU 2016-01	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	616	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	(616	)	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	
Adoption of ASU 2018-02	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	1,568	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	(1,568	)	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	
Other, net	 	 	—	 	 	 	(63	)	 	 	(4	)	 	 	(19	)	 	 	—	 	 	 	1	 	 	 	(85	)	 	 	—	 	 	 	(85	)	
Balance, December 31, 2018	 	$	37,402	 	 	$	575,339	 	 	$	109,032	 	 	$	199	 	 	$	(47,975	)	 	$	(237,790	)	 	$	436,207	 	 	$	14,348	 	 	$	450,555	 	
Net income	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	22,035	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	22,035	 	 	 	2,309	 	 	 	24,344	 	
Dividends on common stock ($0.40 per share)	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	(8,094	)	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	(8,094	)	 	 	—	 	 	 	(8,094	)	
Distributions to noncontrolling interest	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	(407	)	 	 	(407	)	
Payment of payroll taxes on stock-based compensation through shares withheld	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	(3,046	)	 	 	(3,046	)	 	 	—	 	 	 	(3,046	)	
Employee benefit plans	 	 	—	 	 	 	(3,659	)	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	9,189	 	 	 	5,530	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	5,530	 	
Share-based compensation - equity awards	 	 	—	 	 	 	2,755	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	2,755	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	2,755	 	
Unrealized foreign currency translation adjustment, net of tax	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	12,533	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	12,533	 	 	 	1,080	 	 	 	13,613	 	
Amortization of net actuarial loss, net of tax	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	(116	)	 	 	—	 	 	 	(116	)	 	 	—	 	 	 	(116	)	
Amortization of prior service cost, net of tax	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	(141	)	 	 	—	 	 	 	(141	)	 	 	—	 	 	 	(141	)	
Acquisitions	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	62,401	 	 	 	62,401	 	
Other, net	 	 	—	 	 	 	38	 	 	 	(2	)	 	 	(199	)	 	 	—	 	 	 	(2	)	 	 	(165	)	 	 	—	 	 	 	(165	)	
Balance, December 31, 2019	 	$	37,402	 	 	$	574,473	 	 	$	122,971	 	 	$	—	 	 	$	(35,699	)	 	$	(231,649	)	 	$	467,498	 	 	$	79,731	 	 	$	547,229	 	
Refer to Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
 
40

VIAD CORP
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

 	 	Year Ended December 31,	 	
(in thousands)	 	2019	 	 	2018	 	 	2017	 	
Cash flows from operating activities	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Net income	 	$	23,523	 	 	$	49,395	 	 	$	58,184	 	
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Depreciation and amortization	 	 	58,964	 	 	 	56,842	 	 	 	55,114	 	
Deferred income taxes	 	 	(10,398	)	 	 	5,350	 	 	 	26,049	 	
(Income) loss from discontinued operations	 	 	81	 	 	 	(1,481	)	 	 	268	 	
Restructuring charges	 	 	8,380	 	 	 	1,587	 	 	 	1,004	 	
Legal settlement	 	 	8,500	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	
Impairment charges (recoveries)	 	 	5,346	 	 	 	(35	)	 	 	(29,098	)	
(Gains) losses on dispositions of property and other assets	 	 	(1,475	)	 	 	473	 	 	 	1,420	 	
Share-based compensation expense	 	 	7,190	 	 	 	4,870	 	 	 	10,969	 	
Multi-employer pension plan withdrawal	 	 	15,693	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	
Other non-cash items, net	 	 	3,791	 	 	 	4,306	 	 	 	5,029	 	
Change in operating assets and liabilities (excluding the impact of acquisitions):	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Receivables	 	 	(16,959	)	 	 	(6,200	)	 	 	(2,338	)	
Inventories	 	 	(328	)	 	 	(1,573	)	 	 	121	 	
Current contract costs	 	 	(6,333	)	 	 	(4,976	)	 	 	2,544	 	
Accounts payable	 	 	9,726	 	 	 	(1,645	)	 	 	7,546	 	
Restructuring liabilities	 	 	(6,047	)	 	 	(1,716	)	 	 	(1,954	)	
Accrued compensation	 	 	6,853	 	 	 	(12,818	)	 	 	(5,152	)	
Contract liabilities	 	 	16,796	 	 	 	3,677	 	 	 	(11,314	)	
Payments on operating lease obligations	 	 	(28,146	)	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	
Income taxes payable	 	 	195	 	 	 	(7,696	)	 	 	5,820	 	
Other assets and liabilities, net	 	 	12,788	 	 	 	2,235	 	 	 	(11,989	)	
Net cash provided by operating activities	 	 	108,140	 	 	 	90,595	 	 	 	112,223	 	
Cash flows from investing activities	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Capital expenditures	 	 	(76,147	)	 	 	(83,345	)	 	 	(56,621	)	
Proceeds from insurance	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	31,570	 	
Cash paid for acquisitions, net	 	 	(90,992	)	 	 	(4,628	)	 	 	(1,501	)	
Proceeds from dispositions of property and other assets	 	 	1,583	 	 	 	925	 	 	 	947	 	
Net cash used in investing activities	 	 	(165,556	)	 	 	(87,048	)	 	 	(25,605	)	
Cash flows from financing activities	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Proceeds from borrowings	 	 	200,473	 	 	 	146,580	 	 	 	90,004	 	
Payments on debt and finance lease obligations	 	 	(115,708	)	 	 	(128,211	)	 	 	(135,801	)	
Dividends paid on common stock	 	 	(8,094	)	 	 	(8,154	)	 	 	(8,160	)	
Distributions to noncontrolling interest	 	 	(407	)	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	
Debt issuance costs	 	 	(39	)	 	 	(1,823	)	 	 	(5	)	
Payment of payroll taxes on stock-based compensation through shares withheld or repurchased	 	 	(3,046	)	 	 	(1,209	)	 	 	(2,119	)	
Common stock purchased for treasury	 	 	—	 	 	 	(17,174	)	 	 	—	 	
Proceeds from exercise of stock options	 	 	293	 	 	 	84	 	 	 	—	 	
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities	 	 	73,472	 	 	 	(9,907	)	 	 	(56,081	)	
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents	 	 	1,050	 	 	 	(2,470	)	 	 	2,286	 	
Net change in cash and cash equivalents	 	 	17,106	 	 	 	(8,830	)	 	 	32,823	 	
Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of year	 	 	44,893	 	 	 	53,723	 	 	 	20,900	 	
Cash and cash equivalents, end of year	 	$	61,999	 	 	$	44,893	 	 	$	53,723	 	
 
Refer to Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

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VIAD CORP
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
 
Note 1. Overview and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
Basis of Presentation and Principles of Consolidation
The accompanying consolidated financial statements were prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”) and include the accounts of Viad and its subsidiaries. All significant intercompany account balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.
Nature of Business
We are an international experiential services company with operations principally in the United States, Canada, the United Kingdom, continental Europe, and the United Arab Emirates. We are committed to providing unforgettable experiences to our clients and guests. We operate through three reportable business segments: GES North America, GES EMEA (collectively, “GES”), and Pursuit.
GES
GES is a global, full-service live events company offering a comprehensive range of services to event organizers and corporate brand marketers. Event organizers schedule and run events from start to finish. Corporate brand marketers include exhibitors and domestic and international corporations that want to promote their brands, services and innovations, feature new products, and build business relationships. GES serves corporate brand marketers when they exhibit at shows and when GES is engaged to manage their global exhibit program or produce their proprietary corporate events.
Pursuit
Pursuit is a collection of inspiring and unforgettable travel experiences that includes recreational attractions, unique hotels and lodges, food and beverage, retail, sightseeing, and ground transportation services. Pursuit comprises the Banff Jasper Collection, the Alaska Collection, the Glacier Park Collection, and FlyOver.
Significant Accounting Policies
Use of Estimates
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the reported period. Estimates and assumptions are used in accounting for, among other things: impairment testing of recorded goodwill and intangible assets; allowances for uncollectible accounts receivable; provisions for income taxes, including uncertain tax positions; valuation allowances related to deferred tax assets; liabilities for losses related to self-insured liability claims; liabilities for losses related to environmental remediation obligations; sublease income associated with restructuring liabilities; pension and postretirement benefit costs and obligations; share-based compensation costs; the discount rates used to value lease obligations; the redemption value of redeemable noncontrolling interests; and the allocation of purchase price of acquired businesses. Actual results could differ from these and other estimates.
Cash and Cash Equivalents
Cash equivalents are highly-liquid investments with remaining maturities when purchased of three months or less. Cash and cash equivalents consist of cash and bank demand deposits and money market funds. Investments in money market funds are classified as available-for-sale and carried at fair value.
Allowances for Doubtful Accounts
Allowances for doubtful accounts reflect the best estimate of probable losses inherent in the accounts receivable balance. The allowances for doubtful accounts, including a sales allowance for discounts at the time of sale, are based upon an evaluation of the aging of receivables, historical trends, and the current economic environment.
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Inventories
Inventories, which consist primarily of exhibit design and construction materials and supplies, as well as retail inventory, are stated at the lower of cost (first-in, first-out and specific identification methods) or net realizable value.
Property and Equipment
Property and equipment are stated at cost, net of accumulated depreciation. Property and equipment are depreciated using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the assets: buildings, 15 to 40 years; equipment, 3 to 12 years; and leasehold improvements, over the shorter of the lease term or useful life. Property and equipment are tested for potential impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of the long-lived asset may not be recoverable through undiscounted cash flows.
Leases
We adopted FASB Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2016-02, Leases (“Topic 842”) on January 1, 2019 using the optional transition method. Under this method, a cumulative adjustment to retained earnings is recorded, if any, and prior periods are not restated. Topic 842 requires that we recognize a right-of-use (“ROU”) asset and lease liability on the balance sheet and requires lessees to classify leases as either finance or operating leases. The classification of the lease determines whether the lease expense is recognized on an effective interest method basis (finance lease) or on a straight-line basis (operating lease) over the lease term. In determining whether an agreement contains a lease, we consider if we have a right to control the use of the underlying asset during the lease term in exchange for an obligation to make lease payments arising from the lease. We recognize ROU assets and lease liabilities at commencement date, which is when the underlying asset is available for use to a lessee, based on the present value of lease payments over the lease term.
Our operating and finance leases are primarily facility, equipment, and land leases. Our facility leases comprise mainly manufacturing facilities, sales and design facilities, offices, storage and/or warehouses, and truck marshaling yards. These facility leases generally have lease terms ranging up to 25 years. Our equipment leases comprise mainly vehicles, hardware, and office equipment, each with various lease terms. Our land leases comprise mainly leases in Canada and Iceland on which our hotels or attractions are located and have lease terms ranging up to 42 years.
We made the accounting policy election not to recognize ROU assets and lease liabilities for leases with a term of twelve months or less. We elected to apply the package of practical expedients permitted under Topic 842 transition guidance, which, among other things, allows us to carry forward our historical lease classifications. We also elected the practical expedient to not separate non-lease components from lease components for all asset classes, and payments associated with fixed non-lease components are included in measuring the ROU asset and lease liability.
If a lease contains a renewal option that is reasonably certain to be exercised, then the lease term includes the optional periods in measuring a ROU asset and lease liability. The reasonably certain threshold is evaluated at lease commencement and is typically met if substantial economic incentives or termination penalties are identified. Variable leases and variable lease and non-lease components are not included in the calculation of the ROU asset and corresponding lease liability. For facility leases, variable lease costs include the costs of common area maintenance, taxes, and insurance for which we pay our lessors an estimate that is adjusted to actual expense on a quarterly or annual basis depending on the underlying contract terms. These variable lease payments are expensed as incurred. Upon the adoption of Topic 842, our accounting for finance leases, previously referred to as capital leases, remains substantially unchanged from prior guidance. Our lease agreements do not contain any significant residual value guarantees or restrictive covenants.
Substantially all of our lease agreements do not specify an implicit borrowing rate, and as such, we utilize an incremental borrowing rate based on lease term and country, in order to calculate the present value of our future lease payments. The discount rate represents a risk-adjusted rate on a collateralized basis and is the expected rate at which we would borrow funds to satisfy the scheduled lease liability payment streams commensurate with the lease term and the country. On January 1, 2019, the discount rate used to value existing leases was based on the remaining lease term and the country interest rates.  For new or renewed leases starting in 2019, the discount rate is determined using available data at lease commencement and based on the lease term and country including any reasonably certain renewal periods. The determination of the discount rate required significant judgement.
We are also a lessor to third party tenants who either lease certain portions of facilities that we own or sublease certain portions of facilities that we lease. Lease income from owned facilities is recorded as rental income and sublease income from leased facilities is recorded against lease expense in the Consolidated Statements of Operations. All of our leases for which we are the lessor are classified as operating leases under Topic 842.
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Goodwill
Goodwill is tested for impairment at the reporting unit level on an annual basis as of October 31, and between annual tests if an event occurs or circumstances change that would more-likely-than-not reduce the fair value of a reporting unit below its carrying value. We use a discounted expected future cash flow methodology (income approach) in order to estimate the fair value of our reporting units for purposes of goodwill impairment testing. The estimates and assumptions regarding expected future cash flows, discount rates, and terminal values require considerable judgment and are based on market conditions, financial forecasts, industry trends, and historical experience. These estimates, however, have inherent uncertainties and different assumptions could lead to materially different results.
Cash Surrender Value of Life Insurance
We have Company-owned life insurance contracts that are intended to fund the cost of certain employee compensation and benefit programs. These contracts are carried at cash surrender value, net of outstanding policy loans. The cash surrender value represents the amount of cash we could receive if the policies were discontinued before maturity. The changes in the cash surrender value of the policies, net of insurance premiums, are included as a component of “Costs of services” in the Consolidated Statements of Operations.
Self-Insurance Liabilities
We are self-insured up to certain limits for workers’ compensation and general liabilities, which includes automobile, product general liability, and client property loss claims. We have also retained and provided for certain workers’ compensation insurance liabilities in conjunction with previously sold operations. We are also self-insured for certain employee health benefits. Provisions for losses for claims incurred, including actuarially derived estimated claims incurred but not yet reported, are made based on historical experience, claims frequency, and other factors. We have purchased insurance for amounts in excess of the self-insured levels.
Environmental Remediation Liabilities
Environmental remediation liabilities represent the estimated cost of environmental remediation obligations primarily associated with previously sold operations. The amounts accrued primarily consist of the estimated direct incremental costs, on an undiscounted basis, for contractor and other services related to remedial actions and post-remediation site monitoring. Environmental remediation liabilities are recorded when the specific obligation is considered probable and the costs are reasonably estimable. Subsequent recoveries from third parties, if any, are recorded through discontinued operations when realized. Environmental insurance is maintained that provides coverage for new and undiscovered pre-existing conditions at both our continuing and discontinued operations.
Fair Value of Financial Instruments
The carrying value of cash and cash equivalents, receivables, and accounts payable approximate fair value due to the short-term maturities of these instruments. Refer to Note 12 – Debt and Finance Lease Obligations for the estimated fair value of debt obligations.
Noncontrolling Interests – Non-redeemable and Redeemable
Non-redeemable noncontrolling interest represents the portion of equity in a subsidiary that is not attributable, directly or indirectly, to us. Our non-redeemable noncontrolling interest relates to the 20% equity ownership interest that we do not own in Glacier Park, Inc., the 40% equity interest that we do not own in the recently acquired Mountain Park Lodges, and the 49% equity interest that we do not own in the new entity that will operate the Sky Lagoon attraction. We report non-redeemable noncontrolling interest within stockholders’ equity in the Consolidated Balance Sheets. The amount of consolidated net income attributable to Viad and the non-redeemable noncontrolling interest is presented in the Consolidated Statements of Operations.  
Noncontrolling interests with redemption features that are not solely within our control are considered redeemable noncontrolling interests. Our redeemable noncontrolling interest relates to our 54.5% equity ownership interest in Esja Attractions ehf. (“Esja”). The Esja shareholders agreement contains a put option that gives the minority Esja shareholders the right to sell (or “put”) their Esja shares to us based on a calculated formula within a predefined term. This redeemable noncontrolling interest is considered temporary equity and we report it between liabilities and stockholders’ equity in the Consolidated Balance Sheets. The amount of the net income or loss attributable to redeemable noncontrolling interests is recorded in the Consolidated Statements of Operations and the accretion of the redemption value is recorded as an adjustment
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to retained earnings and is included in our income per share. Refer to Note 22 – Redeemable Noncontrolling Interest for additional information.
Foreign Currency Translation
Our foreign operations are primarily in Canada, the United Kingdom, Iceland, the Netherlands, Germany, and to a lesser extent, in certain other countries. The functional currency of our foreign subsidiaries is their local currency. Accordingly, for purposes of consolidation, we translate the assets and liabilities of our foreign subsidiaries into U.S. dollars at the foreign exchange rates in effect at the balance sheet date. The unrealized gains or losses resulting from the translation of these foreign denominated assets and liabilities are included as a component of accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) in the Consolidated Balance Sheets. For purposes of consolidation, revenue, expenses, gains, and losses related to our foreign operations are translated into U.S. dollars at the average foreign exchange rates for the period.
Revenue Recognition
We adopted Accounting Standard Update 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (“Topic 606”) on January 1, 2018. Upon the adoption of Topic 606, revenue is measured based on a specified amount of consideration in a contract with a customer, net of commissions paid to customers and amounts collected on behalf of third parties. We recognize revenue when a performance obligation is satisfied by transferring control of a product or service to a customer.
GES’ service revenue is primarily derived through its comprehensive range of services to event organizers and corporate brand marketers including Core Services, Event Technology, and Audio-Visual. GES’ service revenue is earned over time over the duration of the exhibition, conference or corporate event, which generally lasts one to three days. GES’ product revenue is derived from the build of exhibits and environments and graphics. GES’ product revenue is recognized at a point in time upon delivery of the product.
Pursuit’s service revenue is derived through its admissions, accommodations, transportation, and travel planning services. Pursuit’s product revenue is derived through food and beverage and retail sales. Pursuit’s revenue is recognized at the time services are performed or upon delivery of the product. Pursuit’s service revenue is recognized over time as the customer simultaneously receives and consumes the benefits. Pursuit’s product revenue is recognized at a point in time.
Insurance Recoveries
Receipts from insurance up to the amount of the recognized losses are considered recoveries and are accounted for when they are probable of receipt. Anticipated proceeds in excess of the recognized loss are considered a gain contingency. A contingency gain for anticipated insurance proceeds in excess of losses already recognized is not recognized until all contingencies relating to the insurance claim have been resolved.
Insurance proceeds allocated to business interruption gains are reported as cash flows from operating activities, and proceeds allocated to impairment recoveries are reported as cash flows from investing activities. Insurance proceeds used for capitalizable costs are classified as cash flows from investing activities, and proceeds used for non-capitalizable costs are classified as operating activities.
On December 29, 2016, the Mount Royal Hotel was damaged by a fire and closed. During the fourth quarter of 2016, we recorded an asset impairment loss of $2.2 million and an offsetting impairment recovery (and related insurance receivable) as the losses related to the fire were covered by our property and business interruption insurance. During July 2017, we resolved our property and business interruption insurance claims for a total of $36.3 million. We allocated $2.2 million to an insurance receivable, $29.3 million was recorded as an impairment recovery (partially offset by impairment charges of $0.2 million) related to construction costs to re-open the hotel, $2.5 million was recorded as a business interruption gain for the recovery of lost profits, $1.3 million was recorded as contra-expense to offset non-capitalizable costs incurred, and the remaining $1.0 million was deferred and recognized during the first half of 2018 when the business interruption losses were actually incurred.
Share-Based Compensation
Share-based compensation costs related to all share-based payment awards are recognized and measured using the fair value method of accounting. These awards generally include restricted stock, liability-based awards (including performance units and restricted stock units), and stock options, and contain forfeiture and non-compete provisions.
The fair value of restricted stock awards is based on our closing stock price on the date of grant. We issue restricted stock awards from shares held in treasury. Future vesting of restricted stock is generally subject to continued employment. Holders
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of restricted stock have the right to receive dividends and vote the shares, but may not sell, assign, transfer, pledge, or otherwise encumber the stock, except to the extent restrictions have lapsed and in accordance with our stock trading policy.
Restricted stock awards vest three years from the date of grant. Share-based compensation expense is recognized using the straight-line method over the requisite service period.
Liability-based awards (including performance units and restricted stock units) are recorded at estimated fair value, based on the number of units expected to vest and, where applicable, the level of achievement of predefined performance goals. These awards are remeasured on each balance sheet date based on our stock price, and the Monte Carlo simulation model, until the time of settlement. A Monte Carlo simulation requires the use of several assumptions, including historical volatility and correlation between our stock price and the price of the common shares of a comparator group, a risk-free rate of return, and an expected term. To the extent earned, liability-based awards are settled in cash based on our stock price. Compensation expense related to liability-based awards is recognized ratably over the requisite service period of approximately three years.
Equity-based awards (including performance units) are recorded at estimated fair value, based on the number of units expected to vest and the level of achievement of predefined performance goals, until the time of settlement. To the extent earned, equity-based awards are settled in our common stock. Compensation expense related to equity-based awards is recognized ratably over the requisite service period of approximately three years.
The fair value of stock option grants is estimated on the date of grant using the Black-Scholes option pricing model. Share-based compensation expense related to stock option awards is recognized using the straight-line method over the requisite service period of approximately five years. The exercise price of stock options is based on the market value of our common stock at the date of grant. We have not granted stock options since 2010.
Common Stock in Treasury
Common stock purchased for treasury is recorded at historical cost. Subsequent share reissuances are primarily related to share-based compensation programs and recorded at weighted-average cost.
Income Per Common Share
We apply the two-class method in calculating income per common share as unvested share-based payment awards that contain nonforfeitable rights to dividends are considered participating securities. Accordingly, such securities are included in the earnings allocation in calculating income per share. The adjustment to the carrying value of the redeemable noncontrolling interest is reflected in income per common share.
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Impact of Recent Accounting Pronouncements
The following table provides a brief description of recent accounting pronouncements:
 
Standard	 	Description	 	Date of adoption	 	Effect on the financial statements	
Standards Not Yet Adopted	
ASU 2016-13, Financial Instruments – Credit Losses (Topic 326) - Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments	 	The amendment eliminates the incurred credit loss impairment methodology in current GAAP and replaces it with an expected credit loss concept based on historical experience, current conditions, and reasonable and supportable forecasts.	 	January 1, 2020	 	We are currently evaluating the potential impact of the adoption of this new guidance on our consolidated financial statements. We will be required to use a forward-looking expected credit loss model for trade receivables. Adoption of this new standard will be applied using the modified retrospective approach through a cumulative-effect adjustment to retained earnings as of the effective date in an amount necessary to adjust our current credit loss methodology to equal the current estimate of expected losses on financial assets held at that date. We do not expect this new guidance to have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements.	
ASU 2019-12, Income Taxes (Topic 740) Simplifying the Accounting for Income Taxes	 	The amendment enhances and simplifies various aspects of the income tax accounting guidance, including requirements such as tax basis step-up in goodwill obtained in a transaction that is not a business combination, ownership changes in investments, and interim-period accounting for enacted changes in tax law.	 	January 1, 2021	 	We are currently evaluating the potential impact of the adoption of this new guidance on our consolidated financial statements. We do not expect this new guidance to have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements.	
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Standard	 	Description	 	Date of adoption	 	Effect on the financial statements	
Standards Recently Adopted	
ASU 2018-15, Intangibles – Goodwill and Other – Internal-Use Software (Subtopic 350-40) Customer’s Accounting for Implementation Costs Incurred in a Cloud Computing Arrangement That Is a Service Contract	 	The amendment aligns the requirements for capitalizing implementation costs incurred in a hosting arrangement that is a service contract with the requirements for capitalizing implementation costs incurred to develop or obtain internal-use software. The amendment also requires an entity to expense the capitalized implementation costs of a hosting arrangement that is a service contract over the term of the hosting arrangement. Early adoption is permitted and may be applied on either a retrospective or prospective basis.	 	September 30, 2019	 	We early adopted this new guidance on a retrospective basis and determined it did not have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements.	
ASU 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842)	 	The amendment increases transparency and comparability by requiring the recognition of a right-of-use asset and a lease liability on the balance sheet. The standard also requires more detailed disclosures to enable users of financial statements to understand the nature, amount, timing, and uncertainty of cash flows arising from leases.	 	January 1, 2019	 	We elected the optional transition method and adopted ASU 2016-02 and its related amendments (collectively, “Topic 842”) on January 1, 2019, on a modified retrospective basis. Under the optional transition method, a cumulative adjustment to retained earnings is recorded, if any, and prior periods are not restated. We determined there was no cumulative effect adjustment to retained earnings on January 1, 2019.
 
The adoption of Topic 842 did not have a material impact on our Consolidated Statement of Operations. The most significant impact related to facility and equipment leases, which were previously recorded as operating leases. Upon adoption as of January 1, 2019, we recognized an additional right-of-use asset and lease liability of $68 million on the balance sheet. The existing deferred rent liabilities balance, resulting from historical straight-lining of operating leases, was reclassified upon adoption to reduce the measurement of leased assets. Refer to our Leases Significant Accounting Policy preceding this table and Note 20 - Leases and Other for additional information.	

 
Note 2. Revenue and Related Contract Costs and Contract Liabilities
GES’ performance obligations consist of services or product(s) outlined in a contract. While multi-year contracts are often signed for recurring events, the obligations for each occurrence are well defined and conclude upon the occurrence of each event. The obligations are typically the provision of services and/or sale of a product in connection with an exhibition, conference, or other event. Revenue for services is recognized when we have a right to invoice at the close of the exhibition, conference, or corporate event, which typically lasts one to three days. Revenue for consumer events is recognized over the duration of the event. Revenue for products is recognized either upon delivery to the customer’s location, upon delivery to an event that we are serving, or when we have the right to invoice, generally at the close of the exhibition, conference, or corporate event. Payment terms are generally within 30-60 days and contain no significant financing components.
Pursuit’s performance obligations are short-term in nature. They include the provision of a hotel room, an attraction admission, a chartered or ticketed bus or van ride, the fulfillment of travel planning itineraries, and/or the sale of food, beverage, or retail products. Revenue is recognized when the service has been provided or the product has been delivered. When credit is extended, payment terms are generally within 30 days and contain no significant financing components.
Contract Liabilities
GES and Pursuit typically receive customer deposits prior to transferring the related product or service to the customer. These deposits are recorded as a contract liability and are recognized as revenue upon satisfaction of the related contract performance obligation(s). GES also provides customer rebates and volume discounts to certain event organizers that are
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recognized as a reduction of revenue. These amounts are included in the Consolidated Balance Sheets under the captions “Contract liabilities” and “Other deferred items and liabilities.”
Changes to contract liabilities are as follows:
 
(in thousands)	 	 	 	 	
Balance at January 1, 2018	 	$	31,981	 	
Cash additions	 	 	179,238	 	
Revenue recognized	 	 	(174,620	)	
Foreign exchange translation adjustment	 	 	(999	)	
Balance at December 31, 2018	 	 	35,600	 	
Cash additions	 	 	210,871	 	
Revenue recognized	 	 	(196,158	)	
Foreign exchange translation adjustment	 	 	483	 	
Balance at December 31, 2019	 	$	50,796	 	
Contract Costs
GES capitalizes certain incremental costs incurred in obtaining and fulfilling contracts. Capitalized costs principally relate to direct costs of materials and services incurred in fulfilling services of future exhibitions, conferences, and events, and also include up-front incentives and commissions incurred upon contract signing. Costs associated with preliminary contract activities (i.e. proposal activities) are expensed as incurred. Capitalized contract costs are expensed upon the transfer of the related goods or services and are included in cost of services or cost of products, as applicable. The deferred incremental costs of obtaining and fulfilling contracts are included in the Consolidated Balance Sheets under the captions “Current contract costs” and “Other investments and assets.”
Changes to contract costs are as follows:

(in thousands)	 	 	 	 	
Balance at January 1, 2018	 	$	16,878	 	
Additions	 	 	65,147	 	
Expenses	 	 	(59,601	)	
Cancelled	 	 	(136	)	
Foreign exchange translation adjustment	 	 	(810	)	
Balance at December 31, 2018	 	 	21,478	 	
Additions	 	 	74,274	 	
Expenses	 	 	(67,425	)	
Cancelled	 	 	(68	)	
Foreign exchange translation adjustment	 	 	237	 	
Balance at December 31, 2019	 	$	28,496	 	
As of December 31, 2019, capitalized contract costs consisted of $1.9 million to obtain contracts and $26.6 million to fulfill contracts. We did not recognize an impairment loss with respect to capitalized contract costs during the years ended December 31, 2019 or 2018.
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Disaggregation of Revenue
The following tables disaggregate GES and Pursuit revenue by major product line, timing of revenue recognition, and markets served:
GES
 	 	Year Ended December 31, 2019	 	
(in thousands)	 	GES North America(1)	 	 	GES EMEA(1)	 	 	Intersegment Eliminations	 	 	Total	 	
Services:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Core services	 	$	753,648	 	 	$	130,932	 	 	$	—	 	 	$	884,580	 	
Audio-visual	 	 	78,178	 	 	 	24,197	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	102,375	 	
Event technology	 	 	29,600	 	 	 	9,749	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	39,349	 	
Intersegment eliminations	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	(20,741	)	 	 	(20,741	)	
Total services	 	 	861,426	 	 	 	164,878	 	 	 	(20,741	)	 	 	1,005,563	 	
Products:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Core products	 	 	74,606	 	 	 	68,713	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	143,319	 	
Total revenue	 	$	936,032	 	 	$	233,591	 	 	$	(20,741	)	 	$	1,148,882	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Timing of revenue recognition:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Services transferred over time	 	$	861,426	 	 	$	164,878	 	 	$	(20,741	)	 	$	1,005,563	 	
Products transferred over time(2)	 	 	45,597	 	 	 	16,071	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	61,668	 	
Products transferred at a point in time	 	 	29,009	 	 	 	52,642	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	81,651	 	
Total revenue	 	$	936,032	 	 	$	233,591	 	 	$	(20,741	)	 	$	1,148,882	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Markets:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Exhibitions	 	$	478,397	 	 	$	172,400	 	 	$	—	 	 	$	650,797	 	
Conferences	 	 	289,394	 	 	 	27,917	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	317,311	 	
Corporate events	 	 	141,030	 	 	 	32,212	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	173,242	 	
Consumer events	 	 	27,211	 	 	 	1,062	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	28,273	 	
Intersegment eliminations	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	(20,741	)	 	 	(20,741	)	
Total revenue	 	$	936,032	 	 	$	233,591	 	 	$	(20,741	)	 	$	1,148,882	 	
 
(1)	During the first quarter of 2019, we realigned GES’ organizational structure. As a result, we changed GES’ reportable segments to reflect how our chief operating decision maker regularly reviews and makes decisions regarding the allocation of resources. Accordingly, GES’ new reportable segments are GES North America and GES EMEA.	
(2)	GES’ graphics product revenue is recognized over time as it is considered a part of the single performance obligation satisfied over time.	
 
50

 	 	Year Ended December 31, 2018	 	
(in thousands)	 	GES North America(1)	 	 	GES EMEA(1)	 	 	Intersegment Eliminations	 	 	Total	 	
Services:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Core services	 	$	733,407	 	 	$	120,371	 	 	$	—	 	 	$	853,778	 	
Audio-visual	 	 	73,331	 	 	 	22,011	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	95,342	 	
Event technology	 	 	30,208	 	 	 	10,658	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	40,866	 	
Intersegment eliminations	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	(17,140	)	 	 	(17,140	)	
Total services	 	 	836,946	 	 	 	153,040	 	 	 	(17,140	)	 	 	972,846	 	
Products:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Core products	 	 	72,844	 	 	 	65,207	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	138,051	 	
Total revenue	 	$	909,790	 	 	$	218,247	 	 	$	(17,140	)	 	$	1,110,897	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Timing of revenue recognition:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Services transferred over time	 	$	836,946	 	 	$	153,040	 	 	$	(17,140	)	 	$	972,846	 	
Products transferred over time(2)	 	 	44,109	 	 	 	16,084	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	60,193	 	
Products transferred at a point in time	 	 	28,735	 	 	 	49,123	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	77,858	 	
Total revenue	 	$	909,790	 	 	$	218,247	 	 	$	(17,140	)	 	$	1,110,897	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Markets:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Exhibitions	 	$	500,411	 	 	$	160,876	 	 	$	—	 	 	$	661,287	 	
Conferences	 	 	251,978	 	 	 	27,129	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	279,107	 	
Corporate events	 	 	126,781	 	 	 	28,130	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	154,911	 	
Consumer events	 	 	30,620	 	 	 	2,112	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	32,732	 	
Intersegment eliminations	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	(17,140	)	 	 	(17,140	)	
Total revenue	 	$	909,790	 	 	$	218,247	 	 	$	(17,140	)	 	$	1,110,897	 	
 
(1)	During the first quarter of 2019, we realigned GES’ organizational structure. As a result, we changed GES’ reportable segments to reflect how our chief operating decision maker regularly reviews and makes decisions regarding the allocation of resources. Accordingly, GES’ new reportable segments are GES North America and GES EMEA.	
(2)	GES’ graphics product revenue is recognized over time as it is considered a part of the single performance obligation satisfied over time.	
 
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Pursuit
 
 	 	Year Ended December 31,	 	
(in thousands)	 	2019	 	 	2018	 	
Services:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Admissions	 	$	85,371	 	 	$	83,000	 	
Accommodations	 	 	60,672	 	 	 	37,470	 	
Transportation	 	 	14,594	 	 	 	13,956	 	
Travel planning	 	 	5,979	 	 	 	4,529	 	
Intersegment eliminations	 	 	(1,686	)	 	 	(1,551	)	
Total services revenue	 	 	164,930	 	 	 	137,404	 	
Products:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Food and beverage	 	 	31,838	 	 	 	25,962	 	
Retail operations	 	 	26,045	 	 	 	21,921	 	
Total products revenue	 	 	57,883	 	 	 	47,883	 	
Total revenue	 	$	222,813	 	 	$	185,287	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Timing of revenue recognition:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Services transferred over time	 	$	164,930	 	 	$	137,404	 	
Products transferred at a point in time	 	 	57,883	 	 	 	47,883	 	
Total revenue	 	$	222,813	 	 	$	185,287	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Markets:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Banff Jasper Collection	 	$	133,229	 	 	$	106,106	 	
Alaska Collection	 	 	39,406	 	 	 	36,451	 	
Glacier Park Collection	 	 	37,121	 	 	 	31,465	 	
FlyOver	 	 	13,057	 	 	 	11,265	 	
Total revenue	 	$	222,813	 	 	$	185,287	 	

 
Note 3. Share-Based Compensation
The following table summarizes share-based compensation expense:

 	 	Year Ended December 31,	 	
(in thousands)	 	2019	 	 	2018	 	 	2017	 	
Performance unit incentive plan (“PUP”)	 	$	3,990	 	 	$	2,260	 	 	$	8,088	 	
Restricted stock	 	 	2,684	 	 	 	2,453	 	 	 	2,594	 	
Restricted stock units	 	 	516	 	 	 	157	 	 	 	287	 	
Share-based compensation before income tax benefit	 	 	7,190	 	 	 	4,870	 	 	 	10,969	 	
Income tax benefit	 	 	(2,241	)	 	 	(1,227	)	 	 	(4,079	)	
Share-based compensation, net of income tax benefit	 	$	4,949	 	 	$	3,643	 	 	$	6,890	 	
We recorded share-based compensation expense through restructuring charges of $0.1 million in 2019, none in 2018, and $0.1 million in 2017. No share-based compensation costs were capitalized during 2019, 2018, or 2017.
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The following table summarizes the activity of the outstanding share-based compensation awards:

 	 	PUP Awards	 	 	Restricted Stock	 	 	Restricted Stock Units	 	
 	 	Shares	 	 	Weighted-Average
Grant Date
Fair Value	 	 	Shares	 	 	Weighted-Average
Grant Date
Fair Value	 	 	Shares	 	 	Weighted-Average
Grant Date
Fair Value	 	
Balance at December 31, 2018	 	 	239,809	 	 	$	40.65	 	 	 	176,769	 	 	$	40.87	 	 	 	12,090	 	 	$	39.04	 	
Granted	 	 	73,619	 	 	$	58.29	 	 	 	56,390	 	 	$	57.99	 	 	 	8,898	 	 	$	61.16	 	
Vested	 	 	(95,309	)	 	$	26.98	 	 	 	(85,436	)	 	$	32.27	 	 	 	(9,250	)	 	$	43.65	 	
Forfeited	 	 	(3,215	)	 	$	55.72	 	 	 	(11,600	)	 	$	49.05	 	 	 	(115	)	 	$	52.15	 	
Balance at December 31, 2019	 	 	214,904	 	 	$	52.53	 	 	 	136,123	 	 	$	52.66	 	 	 	11,623	 	 	$	52.17	 	
Viad Corp Omnibus Incentive Plan
We grant share-based compensation awards to our officers, directors, and certain key employees pursuant to the 2017 Viad Corp Omnibus Incentive Plan (the “2017 Plan”). The 2017 Plan has a 10-year term and provides for the following types of awards: (a) incentive and non-qualified stock options; (b) restricted stock and restricted stock units; (c) performance units or performance shares; (d) stock appreciation rights; (e) cash-based awards; and (f) certain other stock-based awards. In June 2017, we registered 1,750,000 shares of common stock issuable under the 2017 Plan. As of December 31, 2019, there were 1,584,154 shares available for future grant under the 2017 Plan.
PUP Awards
The vesting of PUP award shares is based upon achievement of certain performance-based criteria over a three-year period.
During the year ended December 31, 2019, we granted PUP awards with a grant date fair value of $4.3 million of which $1.7 million are payable in shares. Liabilities related to PUP awards were $5.3 million as of December 31, 2019 and $7.0 million as of December 31, 2018. In 2019, PUP awards granted in 2016 vested and we paid $5.6 million in cash and $3.4 million in shares. In 2019, we withheld 25,771 shares for $1.5 million related to tax withholding requirements on vested PUP awards paid in shares. In 2018, PUP awards granted in 2015 vested and we paid $5.9 million in cash. In 2017, PUP awards granted in 2014 vested and we paid $3.7 million in cash.
Restricted Stock
The grant date fair value of vested restricted stock was $2.8 million in 2019, $2.1 million in 2018, and $2.7 million in 2017. As of December 31, 2019, the unamortized cost of outstanding restricted stock awards was $2.5 million, which we expect to recognize over a weighted-average period of approximately 1.1 years. We repurchased 24,995 shares for $1.5 million in 2019, 22,358 shares for $1.2 million in 2018, and 41,532 shares for $2.1 million in 2017 related to tax withholding requirements on vested share-based awards.
Restricted Stock Units
Aggregate liabilities related to restricted stock units were $0.4 million as of December 31, 2019 and $0.4 million as of December 31, 2018. In 2019, restricted stock units vested and we paid $0.6 million in cash and $0.2 million in shares. In 2018, the 2015 restricted stock units vested and we paid $0.2 million in cash. In 2017, portions of the 2012 and 2014 restricted stock units vested and we paid $0.3 million in cash.
Stock Options
The following table summarizes stock option activity:

 	 	Shares	 	 	Weighted-Average
Exercise Price	 	
Options outstanding and exercisable at December 31, 2018	 	 	58,689	 	 	$	16.62	 	
Exercised	 	 	(17,546	)	 	$	16.62	 	
Options outstanding and exercisable at December 31, 2019	 	 	41,143	 	 	$	16.62	 	
The weighted-average remaining contractual life of stock options outstanding is less than one year. The total intrinsic value of stock options outstanding was $2.1 million in 2019, $2.0 million in 2018, and $2.5 million in 2017. The intrinsic value of stock options outstanding represents the difference between our closing stock price on December 31 of each year and the exercise price, multiplied by the number of in-the-money stock options.
 
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Note 4. Acquisitions
2019 Acquisitions
Belton Chalet
On May 16, 2019, we acquired the Belton Chalet in Glacier National Park for total cash consideration of $3.2 million. Transaction costs associated with the acquisition were $0.3 million, which are included in “Cost of services” in the Consolidated Statements of Operations. These assets have been included in the consolidated financial statements from the date of acquisition.
Mountain Park Lodges
On June 8, 2019, we acquired a 60% equity interest in Mountain Park Lodges’ group of seven hotels and an undeveloped land parcel located in Jasper National Park for total consideration of $100.6 million Canadian dollars (approximately $76 million U.S. dollars).
The seven Mountain Park Lodges properties include: Sawridge Inn and Conference Centre (152 guest rooms); Pyramid Lake Resort (62 guest rooms); The Crimson Hotel (99 guest rooms); Chateau Jasper (119 guest rooms); Pocahontas Cabins (57 guest rooms); Marmot Lodge (107 guest rooms); and Lobstick Lodge (139 guest rooms).
As the majority owner of these properties, we consolidate 100% of the results of operations in our consolidated financial statements and record the 40% owners’ share of the income or loss attributable to non-redeemable noncontrolling interest.
The following table summarizes the preliminary recording of the fair value allocation of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed as of the date of acquisition. During the year ended December 31, 2019, we made certain purchase accounting measurement period adjustments based on refinements to assumptions used in the preliminary valuation. The purchase price allocation was final as of December 31, 2019.

(in thousands)	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Purchase price paid as:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Cash	 	 	 	 	 	$	75,837	 	
Net working capital adjustment	 	 	 	 	 	 	18	 	
Consideration transferred	 	 	 	 	 	 	75,855	 	
Right to manage	 	 	 	 	 	 	(1,276	)	
Purchase price, net	 	 	 	 	 	 	74,579	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Fair value of net assets acquired:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Accounts receivable	 	$	333	 	 	 	 	 	
Inventories	 	 	152	 	 	 	 	 	
Prepaid expenses	 	 	276	 	 	 	 	 	
Property and equipment	 	 	103,642	 	 	 	 	 	
Intangible assets	 	 	20,180	 	 	 	 	 	
Total assets acquired	 	 	124,583	 	 	 	 	 	
Accounts payable	 	 	329	 	 	 	 	 	
Advanced deposits payable	 	 	400	 	 	 	 	 	
Deferred tax liability	 	 	19,734	 	 	 	 	 	
Other liabilities	 	 	16	 	 	 	 	 	
Total liabilities assumed	 	 	20,479	 	 	 	 	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Noncontrolling interest equity	 	 	49,719	 	 	 	 	 	
Total fair value of net assets acquired	 	 	 	 	 	 	54,385	 	
Excess purchase price over fair value of net assets acquired (“goodwill”)	 	 	 	 	 	$	20,194	 	
Under the acquisition method of accounting, the purchase price as shown in the table above is allocated to the tangible and identifiable intangible assets acquired and liabilities assumed based on their estimated fair value. The excess purchase price over the fair value of net assets acquired was recorded as “Goodwill.” Goodwill is included in the Pursuit business group. The primary factor that contributed to the purchase price resulting in the recognition of goodwill related to future growth
54

opportunities when combined with our other businesses. Goodwill is not deductible for tax purposes. The estimated values of current assets and liabilities were based upon their historical costs on the acquisition date due to their short-term nature.
Transaction costs associated with the Mountain Park Lodges were $0.9 million in 2019 and $0.1 million in 2018, which are included in “Corporate activities” in the Consolidated Statements of Operations. We included these assets and results of operations in the consolidated financial statements from the date of acquisition. During the year ended December 31, 2019, revenue related to the Mountain Park Lodges was $18.8 million and operating income was $5.5 million.
Identifiable intangible assets acquired in the Mountain Park Lodges acquisition were $20.2 million and consist primarily of in-place leases, customer relationships, and trade names. The weighted average amortization period related to the intangible assets is approximately 30.8 years.
Supplementary pro forma financial information
The following table summarizes the unaudited pro forma results of operations attributable to Viad, assuming the Mountain Park Lodges acquisition had been completed on January 1, 2018:

 	 	Year Ended December 31,	 	
(in thousands, except per share data)	 	2019	 	 	2018	 	
Revenue	 	$	1,379,956	 	 	$	1,323,524	 	
Depreciation and amortization	 	$	61,597	 	 	$	62,261	 	
Income from continuing operations	 	$	22,195	 	 	$	48,312	 	
Net income attributable to Viad	 	$	21,337	 	 	$	49,070	 	
Diluted income per share	 	$	0.99	 	 	$	2.39	 	
Basic income per share	 	$	0.99	 	 	$	2.40	 	
Pursuit – Sky Lagoon Attraction
On July 25, 2019, we announced plans for a new geothermal lagoon attraction that will be located on an oceanfront lot just outside downtown Reykjavik, Iceland. We acquired a 51% controlling interest for $13.2 million in the new entity that will manage the sky lagoon attraction, which we will operate in partnership with Geothermal Lagoon ehf., the Icelandic entity that owns the lagoon assets. The noncontrolling interest’s carrying value was determined by the fair value of the noncontrolling interest as of the acquisition date and the noncontrolling interest’s share of the subsequent net income or loss. The amortization of the resulting operating contract intangible is not deductible for tax purposes. We expect to open our new attraction in 2021. Refer to Note 9 – Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets for additional information.
2018 Acquisition
Maligne Canyon Restaurant
In March 2018, we acquired the Maligne Canyon Restaurant and Gift Shop for total cash consideration of $6.0 million Canadian dollars (approximately $4.6 million U.S. dollars).  Transaction costs associated with the acquisition were $24 thousand in 2018, which are included in “Cost of services” in the Consolidated Statements of Operations. These assets have been included in the consolidated financial statements from the date of acquisition. The Maligne Canyon Restaurant has been renovated and rebranded as the Maligne Canyon Wilderness Kitchen.
2017 Acquisitions
Poken
In March 2017, we acquired Poken event engagement technology for total cash consideration of $1.7 million. Transaction costs associated with the acquisition of Poken were $0.3 million in 2017, which are included in “Cost of services” in the Consolidated Statements of Operations. These assets have been included in the consolidated financial statements from the date of acquisition.
Esja
On November 3, 2017, we acquired the controlling interest (54.5% of the common stock) in Esja, a private corporation in Reykjavik, Iceland. Through Esja and its wholly-owned subsidiary, we are operating a new FlyOver Iceland attraction, which opened in August 2019. The purchase price was €8.2 million (approximately $9.5 million U.S. dollars) in cash, and the shareholders agreement includes a put option that gives the minority Esja shareholders the right to sell (or “put”) their Esja shares to us based on a calculated formula within a predefined term. Refer to Note 22 – Redeemable Noncontrolling Interest for additional information.
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Under the acquisition method of accounting, the purchase price is allocated to the assets acquired and liabilities assumed based on their estimated fair values. The excess purchase price over the fair value of net assets acquired is recorded as goodwill. Goodwill is included in the Pursuit business group and the primary factor that contributed to the purchase price resulting in the recognition of goodwill relates to future expected income from operations. Goodwill is deductible for tax purposes. Refer to Note 9 – Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets for additional information.
Transaction costs associated with the Esja acquisition were $0.1 million in each 2018 and 2017, which are included in “Corporate activities” in the Consolidated Statements of Operations. The Esja results of operations have been included in the consolidated financial statements from the date of acquisition.
 
Note 5. Inventories
The components of inventories consisted of the following:
 
 	 	December 31,	 	
(in thousands)	 	2019	 	 	2018	 	
Raw materials	 	$	11,788	 	 	$	12,368	 	
Finished goods	 	 	5,481	 	 	 	4,261	 	
Inventories	 	$	17,269	 	 	$	16,629	 	

Note 6. Other Current Assets
Other current assets consisted of the following:

 	 	December 31,	 	
(in thousands)	 	2019	 	 	2018	 	
Income tax receivable	 	$	13,250	 	 	$	10,886	 	
Prepaid insurance	 	 	5,573	 	 	 	2,754	 	
Prepaid vendor payments	 	 	4,698	 	 	 	4,492	 	
Prepaid software maintenance	 	 	3,875	 	 	 	4,010	 	
Prepaid taxes	 	 	917	 	 	 	591	 	
Prepaid other	 	 	1,904	 	 	 	1,755	 	
Other	 	 	637	 	 	 	998	 	
Other current assets	 	$	30,854	 	 	$	25,486	 	
 
Note 7. Property and Equipment
Property and equipment consisted of the following:
 
 	 	December 31,	 	
(in thousands)	 	2019	 	 	2018	 	
Land and land interests(1)	 	$	34,532	 	 	$	32,887	 	
Buildings and leasehold improvements	 	 	377,754	 	 	 	238,995	 	
Equipment and other	 	 	417,239	 	 	 	383,284	 	
Gross property and equipment	 	 	829,525	 	 	 	655,166	 	
Accumulated depreciation	 	 	(353,974	)	 	 	(321,319	)	
Property and equipment, net (excluding finance leases)	 	 	475,551	 	 	 	333,847	 	
Finance lease right-of-use assets, net	 	 	25,350	 	 	 	—	 	
Property and equipment, net	 	$	500,901	 	 	$	333,847	 	
(1)	Land and land interests include certain leasehold interests in land within Pursuit for which we are considered to have perpetual use rights. The carrying amount of these leasehold interests was $8.2 million as of December 31, 2019 and $7.8 million as of December 31, 2018. The increase was due to additional purchased land in 2019. These land interests are not subject to amortization.	
Depreciation expense was $45.6 million during 2019, $45.8 million during 2018, and $42.7 million during 2017.
Property and equipment purchased through accounts payable and accrued liabilities increased $4.2 million during 2019, decreased $1.9 million during 2018, and increased $2.3 million during 2017.
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We recorded asset impairment charges to equipment of $3.8 million during the fourth quarter of 2019 primarily related to our audio-visual production business in the United Kingdom.
On December 29, 2016, the Mount Royal Hotel in Banff, Canada was damaged by a fire and closed from December 2016 through June 2018 for reconstruction. During 2017, we resolved our property and business interruption insurance claims related to the fire for a total of $36.3 million of which $29.3 million was recorded as an impairment recovery (partially offset by impairment charges of $0.2 million) related to construction costs to re-open the hotel.
 
Note 8. Other Investments and Assets
Other investments and assets consisted of the following:

 	 	December 31,	 	
(in thousands)	 	2019	 	 	2018	 	
Cash surrender value of life insurance	 	$	24,873	 	 	$	23,815	 	
Self-insured liability receivable	 	 	9,982	 	 	 	9,176	 	
Contract costs	 	 	3,961	 	 	 	3,461	 	
Other mutual funds	 	 	3,107	 	 	 	2,517	 	
Other	 	 	3,196	 	 	 	3,941	 	
Other investments and assets	 	$	45,119	 	 	$	42,910	 	

 
Note 9. Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets
The changes in the carrying amount of goodwill are as follows:

(in thousands)	 	GES North America	 	 	GES EMEA	 	 	Pursuit	 	 	Total	 	
Balance at December 31, 2017	 	$	155,505	 	 	$	31,612	 	 	$	83,434	 	 	$	270,551	 	
Foreign currency translation adjustments	 	 	(561	)	 	 	(1,658	)	 	 	(6,929	)	 	 	(9,148	)	
Purchase price allocation adjustments	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	(73	)	 	 	(73	)	
Balance at December 31, 2018	 	 	154,944	 	 	 	29,954	 	 	 	76,432	 	 	 	261,330	 	
Business acquisitions	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	20,684	 	 	 	20,684	 	
Foreign currency translation adjustments	 	 	332	 	 	 	875	 	 	 	4,762	 	 	 	5,969	 	
Balance at December 31, 2019	 	$	155,276	 	 	$	30,829	 	 	$	101,878	 	 	$	287,983	 	
The following table summarizes goodwill by reporting unit and segment:

 	 	December 31,	 	
(in thousands)	 	2019	 	 	2018	 	
GES:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
GES North America:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
U.S.	 	$	148,277	 	 	$	148,277	 	
Canada	 	 	6,999	 	 	 	6,667	 	
GES EMEA	 	 	30,829	 	 	 	29,954	 	
Total GES	 	 	186,105	 	 	 	184,898	 	
Pursuit:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Banff Jasper Collection	 	 	55,524	 	 	 	32,009	 	
Alaska Collection	 	 	3,184	 	 	 	3,184	 	
Glacier Park Collection	 	 	1,758	 	 	 	1,268	 	
FlyOver	 	 	41,412	 	 	 	39,971	 	
Total Pursuit	 	 	101,878	 	 	 	76,432	 	
Total Goodwill	 	$	287,983	 	 	$	261,330	 	
Goodwill is tested for impairment at the reporting unit level on an annual basis as of October 31, and between annual tests if an event occurs or circumstances change that would more-likely-than-not reduce the fair value of a reporting unit below its carrying value.
57

GES North America’s goodwill is assigned to, and tested at, the operating segment level (GES U.S. and GES Canada, collectively “GES North America”). GES EMEA’s goodwill is assigned to and tested at the operating segment level. Pursuit’s goodwill impairment testing is performed at the reporting unit level (Banff Jasper Collection, the Alaska Collection, the Glacier Park Collection, and FlyOver).
Our accumulated goodwill impairment as of both December 31, 2019 and 2018 was $229.7 million.
Other intangible assets consisted of the following:

 	 	 	 	December 31, 2019	 	 	December 31, 2018	 	
(in thousands)	 	Useful Life
(Years)	 	Gross Carrying
Value	 	 	Accumulated
Amortization	 	 	Net Carrying Value	 	 	Gross Carrying
Value	 	 	Accumulated
Amortization	 	 	Net Carrying Value	 	
Intangible assets subject to amortization:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Customer contracts and relationships	 	7.8	 	$	72,219	 	 	$	(40,866	)	 	$	31,353	 	 	$	67,729	 	 	$	(31,201	)	 	$	36,528	 	
Operating contracts and licenses	 	37.7	 	 	43,329	 	 	 	(1,881	)	 	 	41,448	 	 	 	9,180	 	 	 	(1,376	)	 	 	7,804	 	
In-place lease	 	13.1	 	 	15,044	 	 	 	(231	)	 	 	14,813	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	
Tradenames	 	6.6	 	 	9,423	 	 	 	(4,338	)	 	 	5,085	 	 	 	7,705	 	 	 	(3,109	)	 	 	4,596	 	
Non-compete agreements	 	2.0	 	 	2,077	 	 	 	(1,775	)	 	 	302	 	 	 	5,174	 	 	 	(4,080	)	 	 	1,094	 	
Other	 	8.2	 	 	802	 	 	 	(66	)	 	 	736	 	 	 	1,365	 	 	 	(553	)	 	 	812	 	
Total amortized intangible assets	 	 	 	 	142,894	 	 	 	(49,157	)	 	 	93,737	 	 	 	91,153	 	 	 	(40,319	)	 	 	50,834	 	
Indefinite-lived intangible assets:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Business licenses	 	 	 	 	571	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	571	 	 	 	460	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	460	 	
Other intangible assets	 	 	 	$	143,465	 	 	$	(49,157	)	 	$	94,308	 	 	$	91,613	 	 	$	(40,319	)	 	$	51,294	 	
Intangible asset amortization expense was $10.6 million during 2019, $11.0 million during 2018, and $12.4 million during 2017. We recorded an impairment charge to intangible assets of $1.5 million during the fourth quarter of 2019 related to our audio-visual production business in the United Kingdom.
At December 31, 2019, the estimated future amortization expense related to intangible assets subject to amortization is as follows:
 
(in thousands)	 	 	 	 	
Year ending December 31,	 	 	 	 	
2020	 	$	9,151	 	
2021	 	 	8,151	 	
2022	 	 	7,491	 	
2023	 	 	6,564	 	
2024	 	 	5,340	 	
Thereafter	 	 	57,040	 	
Total	 	$	93,737	 	
 
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Note 10. Other Current Liabilities
Other current liabilities consisted of the following:
 
 	 	December 31,	 	
(in thousands)	 	2019	 	 	2018	 	
Continuing operations:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Commissions payable	 	$	8,274	 	 	$	2,703	 	
Self-insured liability	 	 	5,668	 	 	 	5,688	 	
Accrued sales and use taxes	 	 	5,451	 	 	 	5,397	 	
Accrued employee benefit costs	 	 	3,564	 	 	 	3,224	 	
Accrued legal settlement	 	 	2,500	 	 	 	—	 	
Accrued restructuring	 	 	2,130	 	 	 	716	 	
Accrued dividends	 	 	2,019	 	 	 	2,012	 	
Current portion of pension and postretirement liabilities	 	 	1,899	 	 	 	2,310	 	
Accrued professional fees	 	 	1,248	 	 	 	886	 	
Accommodation services deposits	 	 	959	 	 	 	1,541	 	
Deferred rent(1)	 	 	—	 	 	 	1,659	 	
Other taxes	 	 	278	 	 	 	695	 	
Other	 	 	5,187	 	 	 	4,501	 	
Total continuing operations	 	 	39,177	 	 	 	31,332	 	
Discontinued operations:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Environmental remediation liabilities	 	 	311	 	 	 	555	 	
Self-insured liability	 	 	260	 	 	 	295	 	
Other	 	 	76	 	 	 	76	 	
Total discontinued operations	 	 	647	 	 	 	926	 	
Total other current liabilities	 	$	39,824	 	 	$	32,258	 	
 
(1)Upon the adoption of Topic 842, we reclassified deferred rent to operating lease obligations. We did not recast prior year financial statements under the new standard. Refer to Note 20 – Leases and Other for additional information.	

Note 11. Other Deferred Items and Liabilities
Other deferred items and liabilities consisted of the following:

 	 	December 31,	 	
(in thousands)	 	2019	 	 	2018	 	
Continuing operations:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Foreign deferred tax liability	 	$	32,570	 	 	$	9,768	 	
Multi-employer pension plan withdrawal liability	 	 	15,693	 	 	 	—	 	
Self-insured excess liability	 	 	9,982	 	 	 	9,176	 	
Self-insured liability	 	 	8,682	 	 	 	10,681	 	
Accrued compensation	 	 	7,485	 	 	 	6,664	 	
Accrued restructuring	 	 	2,383	 	 	 	1,535	 	
Deferred rent(1)	 	 	—	 	 	 	2,719	 	
Contract liabilities	 	 	125	 	 	 	2,124	 	
Other	 	 	2,423	 	 	 	1,868	 	
Total continuing operations	 	 	79,343	 	 	 	44,535	 	
Discontinued operations:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Self-insured liability	 	 	2,018	 	 	 	2,437	 	
Environmental remediation liabilities	 	 	1,964	 	 	 	1,775	 	
Other	 	 	382	 	 	 	244	 	
Total discontinued operations	 	 	4,364	 	 	 	4,456	 	
Total other deferred items and liabilities	 	$	83,707	 	 	$	48,991	 	

(1)	Upon the adoption of Topic 842, we reclassified deferred rent to operating lease obligations. We did not recast prior year financial statements under the new standard. Refer to Note 20 – Leases and Other for additional information.	
 
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Note 12. Debt and Finance Lease Obligations
The components of long-term debt and finance lease obligations consisted of the following:

 	 	December 31,	 		
(in thousands, except interest rates)	 	2019	 	 	2018	 		
2018 Credit Facility, 3.9% weighted-average interest rate at December 31, 2019 and 4.3% at December 31, 2018, due through 2023(1)	 	$	311,464	 	 	$	227,792	 		
FlyOver Iceland Credit Facility, 4.9% weighted-average interest rate at December 31, 2019, due through 2022(1)	 	 	5,607	 	 	 	—	 		
Less unamortized debt issuance costs	 	 	(1,836	)	 	 	(2,310	)		
Total debt(2)	 	 	315,235	 	 	 	225,482	 		
Finance lease obligations, 7.7% weighted-average interest rate at December 31,
  2019 and 4.5% at December 31, 2018, due through 2021	 	 	25,257	 	 	 	4,639	 		
Total debt and finance lease obligations(3)	 	 	340,492	 	 	 	230,121	 		
Current portion(4)	 	 	(316,794	)	 	 	(229,416	)		
Long-term debt and finance lease obligations	 	$	23,698	 	 	$	705	 		
(1)	Represents the weighted-average interest rate in effect at the respective periods, including any applicable margin. The interest rates do not include amortization of debt issuance costs or commitment fees.	
(2)	The weighted-average interest rate on total debt (including unamortized debt issuance costs and commitment fees) was 4.2% for 2019, 4.3% for 2018 and 3.7% for 2017. The estimated fair value of total debt was $339.4 million as of December 31, 2019 and $228.6 million as of December 31, 2018. The fair value of debt was estimated by discounting the future cash flows using rates currently available for debt of similar terms and maturity, which is a Level 2 measurement. Refer to Note 13 – Fair Value Measurements.	
(3)	Cash paid for interest on debt was $11.9 million during 2019, $8.5 million during 2018, and $7.7 million during 2017.	
(4)	Borrowings under the 2018 Credit Facility are classified as current because all borrowed amounts are due within one year.	
2018 Credit Agreement
Effective October 24, 2018, we entered into a Second Amended and Restated Credit Agreement (the “2018 Credit Agreement”). The 2018 Credit Agreement has a maturity date of October 24, 2023 and provides for a $450 million revolving credit facility (“2018 Credit Facility”). Proceeds from the 2018 Credit Facility were used to refinance certain of our outstanding debt and provide us with additional funds for our operations, growth initiatives, acquisitions, and other general corporate purposes in the ordinary course of business. The 2018 Credit Facility may be increased up to an additional $250 million under certain circumstances and has a $20 million sublimit for letters of credit. Borrowings and letters of credit can be denominated in U.S. dollars, Euros, Canadian dollars, or British pounds. Our lenders under the 2018 Credit Facility have a first perfected security interest in all of our personal property including GES, GES Event Intelligence Services, Inc., CATC Alaska Tourism Corporation (“CATC”), ON Event Services, LLC (“ON Services”), and 65% of the capital stock of our top-tier foreign subsidiaries (other than Esja). Financial covenants include an interest coverage ratio of not less than 3.00 to 1.00 and a leverage ratio of not greater than 3.50 to 1.00, with a step-up to 4.00 to 1.00 for four quarters following a material acquisition of $50 million or more. Dividends are permitted up to $15 million in any calendar year. In addition, we can declare and pay dividends or repurchase our common stock up to $20 million per calendar year. Dividends and repurchases above those thresholds are permitted as long as our pro forma leverage ratio is less than or equal to 2.75 to 1.00. Unsecured debt is allowed provided we are in compliance with the leverage ratio. In addition, the unsecured debt must mature after the expiration of the 2018 Credit Facility, cannot have scheduled principal payments while the 2018 Credit Facility is in place, and any covenants for unsecured debt cannot be more restrictive than the 2018 Credit Facility. Significant other covenants include limitations on investments, additional indebtedness, sales and dispositions of assets, and liens on property. As of December 31, 2019, the interest coverage ratio was 9.23 to 1.00, the leverage ratio was 2.48 to 1.00, and we were in compliance with all covenants under the 2018 Credit Agreement.
Effective July 23, 2019, we entered into an amendment (“Amendment No.1”) to the 2018 Credit Agreement. Amendment No.1 modified the terms related to the withdrawal liabilities of single and multi-employer ERISA plans.
Borrowings under the 2018 Credit Facility (of which GES, GES Event Intelligence Services, Inc., CATC, and ON Services are guarantors) are indexed to the prime rate or the London Interbank Offered Rate (“LIBOR”), plus appropriate spreads tied to our leverage ratio. As LIBOR will be phased out in 2021, our 2018 Credit Facility includes a method for determining an alternative or successor rate of interest that gives consideration to the new prevailing market convention. The vast majority of our borrowings under the 2018 Credit Facility are indexed to LIBOR. Commitment fees and letters of credit fees are also tied
60

to our leverage ratio. The fees on the unused portion of the 2018 Credit Facility were 0.35% annually as of December 31, 2019. Only our borrowings under the 2018 Credit Facility and the discount rates we use to account for some leases are indexed to LIBOR. We do not expect the alternative or successor rate to LIBOR to have a material impact on either our 2018 Credit Facility or the accounting for our leases.
As of December 31, 2019, capacity remaining under the 2018 Credit Facility was $134.9 million, reflecting borrowings of $311.5 million and $3.6 million in outstanding letters of credit.
FlyOver Iceland Credit Facility
Effective February 15, 2019, FlyOver Iceland ehf., a wholly-owned subsidiary of Esja, entered into a credit agreement with a €5.0 million (approximately $5.6 million U.S. dollars) credit facility (the “FlyOver Iceland Credit Facility”) with a maturity date of March 1, 2022. The loan proceeds were used to complete the development of the FlyOver Iceland attraction. Quarterly payments will be made until the loan is repaid.
Aggregate annual maturities of long-term debt as of December 31, 2019 are as follows:
 
(in thousands)	 	Credit Facilities	 	
Year ending December 31,	 	 	 	 	
2020	 	$	313,407	 	
2021	 	 	1,583	 	
2022	 	 	2,081	 	
2023	 	 	—	 	
2024	 	 	—	 	
Thereafter	 	 	—	 	
Total	 	$	317,071	 	
The aggregate annual maturities and the related amounts representing interest on finance lease obligations are included in Note 20 – Leases and Other.
Note 13. Fair Value Measurements
The fair value of an asset or liability is defined as the price that would be received by selling an asset or paying to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. The fair value guidance requires an entity to maximize the use of quoted prices and other observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs when measuring fair value, and also establishes a fair value hierarchy, which prioritizes the inputs to valuation techniques used to measure fair value as follows:
Level 1 - Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.
Level 2 - Observable inputs other than quoted prices included within Level 1 that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly or indirectly.
Level 3 - Unobservable inputs to the valuation methodology that are significant to the measurement of fair value.
Money market mutual funds and certain other mutual fund investments are measured at fair value on a recurring basis using Level 1 inputs. The fair value information related to these assets is summarized in the following tables:
 
 	 	 	 	 	 	Fair Value Measurements at Reporting Date Using	 	
(in thousands)	 	December 31, 2019	 	 	Quoted Prices in
Active
Markets
(Level 1)	 	 	Significant
Other
Observable
Inputs
(Level 2)	 	 	Significant
Unobservable
Inputs
(Level 3)	 	
Assets:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Money market funds(1)	 	$	123	 	 	$	123	 	 	$	—	 	 	$	—	 	
Other mutual funds(2)	 	 	3,107	 	 	 	3,107	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	
Total assets at fair value on a recurring basis	 	$	3,230	 	 	$	3,230	 	 	$	—	 	 	$	—	 	
 
61

 	 	 	 	 	 	Fair Value Measurements at Reporting Date Using	 	
(in thousands)	 	December 31, 2018	 	 	Quoted Prices
in Active
Markets
(Level 1)	 	 	Significant
Other
Observable
Inputs
(Level 2)	 	 	Significant
Unobservable
Inputs
(Level 3)	 	
Assets:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Money market funds(1)	 	$	121	 	 	$	121	 	 	$	—	 	 	$	—	 	
Other mutual funds(2)	 	 	2,517	 	 	 	2,517	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	
Total assets at fair value on a recurring basis	 	$	2,638	 	 	$	2,638	 	 	$	—	 	 	$	—	 	
(1)	Money market funds are included in “Cash and cash equivalents” in the Consolidated Balance Sheets. These investments are classified as available-for-sale and are recorded at fair value. There have been no realized gains or losses related to these investments and we have not experienced any redemption restrictions with respect to any of the money market mutual funds.	
(2)	Other mutual funds are included in “Other investments and assets” in the Consolidated Balance Sheets.	
The carrying values of cash and cash equivalents, receivables, and accounts payable approximate fair value due to the short-term nature of these instruments. Refer to Note 12 – Debt and Finance Lease Obligations for the estimated fair value of debt obligations.
Note 14. Income Per Share
The components of basic and diluted income per share are as follows:

 	 	Year Ended December 31,	 	
(in thousands, except per share data)	 	2019	 	 	2018	 	 	2017	 	
Net income attributable to Viad (diluted)	 	$	22,035	 	 	$	49,170	 	 	$	57,707	 	
Less: Allocation to non-vested shares	 	 	(147	)	 	 	(458	)	 	 	(700	)	
Adjustment to the redemption value of redeemable noncontrolling interest	 	 	(1,318	)	 	 	(251	)	 	 	—	 	
Net income allocated to Viad common stockholders (basic)	 	$	20,570	 	 	$	48,461	 	 	$	57,007	 	
Basic weighted-average outstanding common shares	 	 	20,146	 	 	 	20,168	 	 	 	20,146	 	
Additional dilutive shares related to share-based compensation	 	 	138	 	 	 	236	 	 	 	259	 	
Diluted weighted-average outstanding shares	 	 	20,284	 	 	 	20,404	 	 	 	20,405	 	
Income per share:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Basic income attributable to Viad common stockholders	 	$	1.02	 	 	$	2.40	 	 	$	2.83	 	
Diluted income attributable to Viad common stockholders	 	$	1.02	 	 	$	2.40	 	 	$	2.83	 	
 
Options to purchase 8,000 shares of common stock during 2019, 500 shares during 2018, and 8,000 shares during 2017 were outstanding but were not included in the computation of dilutive shares outstanding because the effect would be anti-dilutive.
Note 15. Preferred Stock Purchase Rights
We authorized five million shares of Preferred Stock and two million shares of Junior Participating Preferred Stock, none of which was outstanding on December 31, 2019.
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Note 16. Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)
Changes in accumulated other comprehensive income (“AOCI”) by component are as follows:

(in thousands)	 	Unrealized Gains
on Investments	 	 	Cumulative
Foreign Currency Translation Adjustments	 	 	Unrecognized Net Actuarial Loss and Prior Service Credit, Net	 	 	Accumulated
Other
Comprehensive
Income (Loss)	 	
Balance at December 31, 2017	 	$	616	 	 	$	(12,026	)	 	$	(11,158	)	 	$	(22,568	)	
Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassification	 	 	—	 	 	 	(24,306	)	 	 	359	 	 	 	(23,947	)	
Amounts reclassified from AOCI, net of tax	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	724	 	 	 	724	 	
Net other comprehensive income (loss)	 	 	—	 	 	 	(24,306	)	 	 	1,083	 	 	 	(23,223	)	
Adoption of ASU 2016-01(1)	 	 	(616	)	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	(616	)	
Adoption of ASU 2018-02(2)	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	(1,568	)	 	 	(1,568	)	
Balance at December 31, 2018	 	$	—	 	 	$	(36,332	)	 	$	(11,643	)	 	$	(47,975	)	
Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications	 	 	—	 	 	 	12,533	 	 	 	(10	)	 	 	12,523	 	
Amounts reclassified from AOCI, net of tax	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	(247	)	 	 	(247	)	
Net other comprehensive income (loss)	 	 	—	 	 	 	12,533	 	 	 	(257	)	 	 	12,276	 	
Balance at December 31, 2019	 	$	—	 	 	$	(23,799	)	 	$	(11,900	)	 	$	(35,699	)	
 
(1)	Upon the adoption of ASU 2016-01, Financial Instruments – Overall: Recognition and Measurement of Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities, we recorded a cumulative-effect adjustment from unrealized gains on investments to beginning retained earnings.	
(2)	Upon the adoption of ASU 2018-02, Income Statement – Reporting Comprehensive Income: Reclassification of Certain Tax Effects from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income, we recorded a cumulative-effect adjustment from AOCI to beginning retained earnings.	
Amounts reclassified that relate to our defined benefit pension and postretirement plans include the amortization of prior service costs and actuarial net losses recognized during each period presented. These costs are recorded as components of net periodic cost for each period presented. Refer to Note 18 – Pension and Postretirement Benefits for additional information.
Note 17. Income Taxes
We record current income tax expense for the amounts that we expect to report and pay on our income tax returns and deferred income tax expense for the change in the deferred tax assets and liabilities. On December 22, 2017, the United States enacted the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (the “Tax Act”) that significantly changed U.S. tax law. One part of this Tax Act required the Company to pay a deemed repatriation tax of $5.2 million on its cumulative foreign E&P.  After application of tax year 2017 estimated tax payments, $1.1 million of the liability remains outstanding and is due in 2024.
Income from continuing operations before income taxes consisted of the following: 

 	 	Year Ended December 31,	 	
(in thousands)	 	2019	 	 	2018	 	 	2017	 	
Foreign	 	$	49,171	 	 	$	54,753	 	 	$	82,919	 	
United States	 	 	(23,061	)	 	 	10,256	 	 	 	21,431	 	
Income from continuing operations before income taxes	 	$	26,110	 	 	$	65,009	 	 	$	104,350	 	
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Significant components of the income tax provision from continuing operations are as follows:

 	 	Year Ended December 31,	 	
(in thousands)	 	2019	 	 	2018	 	 	2017	 	
Current:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
United States:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Federal	 	$	(2,260	)	 	$	41	 	 	$	1,693	 	
State	 	 	1,400	 	 	 	(335	)	 	 	2,573	 	
Foreign	 	 	13,764	 	 	 	12,039	 	 	 	15,583	 	
Total current	 	 	12,904	 	 	 	11,745	 	 	 	19,849	 	
Deferred:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
United States:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Federal	 	 	(3,355	)	 	 	1,860	 	 	 	19,893	 	
State	 	 	(1,619	)	 	 	860	 	 	 	1,761	 	
Foreign	 	 	(5,424	)	 	 	2,630	 	 	 	4,395	 	
Total deferred	 	 	(10,398	)	 	 	5,350	 	 	 	26,049	 	
Income tax expense	 	$	2,506	 	 	$	17,095	 	 	$	45,898	 	
We are subject to income tax in jurisdictions in which we operate. A reconciliation of the statutory federal income tax rate to the effective tax rate is as follows:
 
 	 	Year Ended December 31,	 	
(in thousands)	 	2019	 	 	2018	 	 	2017	 	
Computed income tax expense at statutory federal income tax rate	 	$	5,483	 	 	 	21.0	%	 	$	13,665	 	 	 	21.0	%	 	$	36,522	 	 	 	35.0	%	
State income taxes, net of federal benefit	 	 	(173	)	 	 	(0.2	)%	 	 	3,489	 	 	 	5.4	%	 	 	1,160	 	 	 	1.1	%	
Deemed mandatory repatriation state tax	 	 	—	 	 	 	0.0	%	 	 	(909	)	 	 	(1.4	)%	 	 	1,206	 	 	 	1.2	%	
Deemed mandatory repatriation federal tax, net of foreign tax credit	 	 	—	 	 	 	0.0	%	 	 	(1,690	)	 	 	(2.6	)%	 	 	6,936	 	 	 	6.6	%	
Remeasurement of deferred taxes due to change in tax rates *	 	 	(4,517	)	 	 	(17.3	)%	 	 	(510	)	 	 	(0.8	)%	 	 	8,000	 	 	 	7.7	%	
Foreign tax rate differential	 	 	3,122	 	 	 	12.0	%	 	 	4,138	 	 	 	6.4	%	 	 	(5,031	)	 	 	(4.8	)%	
U.S. tax on current year foreign earnings, net of foreign tax credits	 	 	(1,792	)	 	 	(6.9	)%	 	 	(223	)	 	 	(0.3	)%	 	 	(2,726	)	 	 	(2.6	)%	
Change in valuation allowance	 	 	920	 	 	 	1.8	%	 	 	(653	)	 	 	(1.0	)%	 	 	(796	)	 	 	(0.8	)%	
Other adjustments, net	 	 	(537	)	 	 	(0.8	)%	 	 	(212	)	 	 	(0.3	)%	 	 	627	 	 	 	0.6	%	
Income tax expense	 	$	2,506	 	 	 	9.6	%	 	$	17,095	 	 	 	26.4	%	 	$	45,898	 	 	 	44.0	%	
 
* Included $0.6 million increase to the valuation allowance in 2017.
 
64

The components of deferred income tax assets and liabilities included in the Consolidated Balance Sheets are as follows:
 
 	 	December 31,	 	
(in thousands)	 	2019	 	 	2018	 	
Deferred tax assets:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Tax credit carryforwards	 	$	7,879	 	 	$	9,156	 	
Pension, compensation, and other employee benefits	 	 	17,231	 	 	 	13,022	 	
Provisions for losses	 	 	4,778	 	 	 	5,133	 	
Net operating loss carryforward	 	 	5,371	 	 	 	4,707	 	
State income taxes	 	 	3,089	 	 	 	1,546	 	
Other deferred income tax assets	 	 	2,177	 	 	 	2,920	 	
Total deferred tax assets	 	 	40,525	 	 	 	36,484	 	
Valuation allowance	 	 	(4,276	)	 	 	(3,356	)	
Foreign deferred tax assets included above	 	 	(2,351	)	 	 	(2,468	)	
Net deferred tax assets	 	 	33,898	 	 	 	30,660	 	
Deferred tax liabilities:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Property and equipment	 	 	(20,681	)	 	 	(14,501	)	
Deferred tax related to life insurance	 	 	(3,945	)	 	 	(3,498	)	
Goodwill and other intangible assets	 	 	(16,172	)	 	 	(4,759	)	
Other deferred income tax liabilities	 	 	(1,858	)	 	 	(939	)	
Total deferred tax liabilities	 	 	(42,656	)	 	 	(23,697	)	
Foreign deferred tax liabilities included above	 	 	31,192	 	 	 	9,808	 	
United States net deferred tax assets	 	$	22,434	 	 	$	16,771	 	
 
We use significant judgment in forming conclusions regarding the recoverability of our deferred tax assets and evaluate all available positive and negative evidence to determine if it is more-likely-than-not that the deferred tax assets will be realized. To the extent recovery does not appear likely, a valuation allowance must be recorded. We had gross deferred tax assets of $40.5 million as of December 31, 2019 and $36.5 million as of December 31, 2018. These deferred tax assets reflect the expected future tax benefits to be realized upon reversal of deductible temporary differences and the utilization of tax attributes, including tax credit carryforwards.
As of December 31, 2019, foreign tax credit carryforwards were $5.4 million, of which $4.7 million are foreign tax credits against U.S. income tax which will begin to expire in 2021 and $0.7 million are creditable against United Kingdom taxes, which can be carried forward indefinitely. As of December 31, 2019, we had alternative minimum tax credit carryforwards of $1.9 million, and $0.6 million of U.S. research and development credit carryforwards.
We had gross state and foreign net operating loss carryforwards of $55.2 million as of December 31, 2019 and $49.1 million as of December 31, 2018, for which we had deferred tax assets of $5.4 million as of December 31, 2019 and $4.7 million as of December 31, 2018. The state net operating loss carryforwards of $1.9 million expire from 2020 through 2038 and are subject to a full valuation allowance since it is unlikely that we will utilize these tax benefits prior to expiration. The foreign net operating loss carryforwards of $3.2 million do not expire.
The valuation allowance was $4.3 million at December 31, 2019 and $3.4 million at December 31, 2018. The increase was primarily due to an increase for certain foreign net operating loss and credit carryforwards that do not meet the more likely-than-not threshold for recognition.
While we believe that the deferred tax assets, net of existing valuation allowances, will be utilized in future periods, there are inherent uncertainties regarding the ultimate realization of these tax assets. It is possible that the relative weight of positive and negative evidence regarding the realization of deferred tax assets may change, which could result in a material increase or decrease in our valuation allowance. Such a change could result in a material increase or decrease to income tax expense in the period the assessment was made.
We have not recorded deferred taxes for withholding taxes on current unremitted earnings of our subsidiaries located in Canada, the United Kingdom, and the Netherlands as we expect to reinvest those earnings in operations outside of the United States.
We exercise judgment in determining the income tax provision for positions taken on prior returns when the ultimate tax determination is uncertain. We classify liabilities associated with uncertain tax positions as “Other deferred items and
65

liabilities” in the Consolidated Balance Sheets unless expected to be paid or released within one year. We had liabilities associated with uncertain tax positions, including interest and penalties, of $0.4 million as of December 31, 2019 and $0.4 million as of December 31, 2018. Uncertain tax positions, including interest and penalties, are classified as a component of income tax expense.
During 2019, we decreased the liability for continuing operations uncertain tax positions, including interest and penalties, by $0.4 million due to the lapse of statute. We expect $0.1 million of the continuing operations uncertain tax positions to be resolved or settled within the next twelve months and have classified this amount as a current liability.
A reconciliation of the liabilities associated with uncertain tax positions (excluding interest and penalties) is as follows:
 
(in thousands)	 	Continuing
Operations	 	 	Discontinued
Operations	 	 	Total	 	
Balance at December 31, 2016	 	$	1,559	 	 	$	636	 	 	$	2,195	 	
Additions for tax positions taken in prior years	 	 	43	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	43	 	
Reductions for lapse of applicable statutes	 	 	(177	)	 	 	(636	)	 	 	(813	)	
Balance at December 31, 2017	 	 	1,425	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	1,425	 	
Additions for tax positions taken in prior years	 	 	31	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	31	 	
Reductions for lapse of applicable statutes	 	 	(1,086	)	 	 	—	 	 	 	(1,086	)	
Balance at December 31, 2018	 	 	370	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	370	 	
Additions for tax positions taken in prior years	 	 	151	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	151	 	
Reductions for lapse of applicable statutes	 	 	(296	)	 	 	—	 	 	 	(296	)	
Balance at December 31, 2019	 	$	225	 	 	$	—	 	 	$	225	 	
We are subject to taxation in various jurisdictions and file federal, state and local income tax returns in the United States, Canada, the United Kingdom and other foreign countries. During the year, we concluded the IRS audit of the 2016 tax year and various other state tax audits, which resulted in a $0.1 million reduction of U.S. foreign tax credits and $0.3 million of additional tax expense. We are also currently in the process of resolving the audit by the Canada Revenue Agency for the 2016 and 2017 tax years, which we estimate will result in a $0.6 million reduction in existing depreciable assets and a $0.1 million of additional liability.
Our 2017 through 2018 U.S. federal tax years and various state tax years from 2014 through 2018 remain subject to income tax examinations by tax authorities. The tax years 2015 through 2018 remain subject to examination by various foreign taxing jurisdictions.
Cash paid for income taxes was $17.2 million during 2019, $27.3 million during 2018, and $14.6 million during 2017.
Note 18. Pension and Postretirement Benefits
Domestic Plans
We have frozen defined benefit pension plans held in trust for certain employees which we funded. We also maintain certain unfunded defined benefit pension plans, which provide supplemental benefits to select management employees. These plans use traditional defined benefit formulas based on years of service and final average compensation. Funding policies provide that payments to defined benefit pension trusts shall be at least equal to the minimum funding required by applicable regulations.
We also have certain defined benefit postretirement plans that provide medical and life insurance for certain eligible employees, retirees, and dependents. The related postretirement benefit liabilities are recognized over the period that services are provided by employees. In addition, we retained the obligations for these benefits for retirees of certain sold businesses. While the plans have no funding requirements, we may fund the plans.
66

The components of net periodic benefit cost and other amounts recognized in other comprehensive income (loss) of our pension plans consist of the following:

 	 	December 31,	 	
(in thousands)	 	2019	 	 	2018	 	 	2017	 	
Net periodic benefit cost:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Service cost	 	$	61	 	 	$	64	 	 	$	64	 	
Interest cost	 	 	861	 	 	 	780	 	 	 	803	 	
Expected return on plan assets	 	 	(99	)	 	 	(193	)	 	 	(176	)	
Recognized net actuarial loss	 	 	403	 	 	 	494	 	 	 	433	 	
Net periodic benefit cost	 	 	1,226	 	 	 	1,145	 	 	 	1,124	 	
Other changes in plan assets and benefit obligations recognized in other
   comprehensive income (loss):	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Net actuarial gain (loss)	 	 	1,305	 	 	 	(76	)	 	 	114	 	
Reversal of amortization item:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Net actuarial loss	 	 	(403	)	 	 	(494	)	 	 	(433	)	
Total recognized in other comprehensive income (loss)	 	 	902	 	 	 	(570	)	 	 	(319	)	
Total recognized in net periodic benefit cost and other
   comprehensive income (loss)	 	$	2,128	 	 	$	575	 	 	$	805	 	
The components of net periodic benefit cost and other amounts recognized in other comprehensive income (loss) of our postretirement benefit plans consist of the following:

 	 	December 31,	 	
(in thousands)	 	2019	 	 	2018	 	 	2017	 	
Net periodic benefit cost:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Service cost	 	$	64	 	 	$	80	 	 	$	92	 	
Interest cost	 	 	458	 	 	 	449	 	 	 	413	 	
Amortization of prior service credit	 	 	(189	)	 	 	(205	)	 	 	(431	)	
Recognized net actuarial loss	 	 	112	 	 	 	405	 	 	 	164	 	
Net periodic benefit cost	 	 	445	 	 	 	729	 	 	 	238	 	
Other changes in plan assets and benefit obligations recognized in other
   comprehensive income (loss):	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Net actuarial gain (loss)	 	 	(1,117	)	 	 	170	 	 	 	237	 	
Prior service credit	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	816	 	
Reversal of amortization item:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Net actuarial loss	 	 	(112	)	 	 	(405	)	 	 	(164	)	
Prior service credit	 	 	189	 	 	 	205	 	 	 	431	 	
Total recognized in other comprehensive income (loss)	 	 	(1,040	)	 	 	(30	)	 	 	1,320	 	
Total recognized in net periodic benefit cost and other
   comprehensive income (loss)	 	$	(595	)	 	$	699	 	 	$	1,558	 	
67

The following table indicates the funded status of the plans as of December 31:

 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	Postretirement	 	
 	 	Funded Plans	 	 	Unfunded Plans	 	 	Benefit Plans	 	
(in thousands)	 	2019	 	 	2018	 	 	2019	 	 	2018	 	 	2019	 	 	2018	 	
Change in benefit obligation:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Benefit obligation at beginning of year	 	$	14,235	 	 	$	15,440	 	 	$	9,271	 	 	$	9,857	 	 	$	13,454	 	 	$	13,807	 	
Service cost	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	61	 	 	 	64	 	 	 	64	 	 	 	80	 	
Interest cost	 	 	527	 	 	 	481	 	 	 	333	 	 	 	299	 	 	 	458	 	 	 	449	 	
Actuarial adjustments	 	 	1,611	 	 	 	(887	)	 	 	753	 	 	 	(425	)	 	 	(1,117	)	 	 	170	 	
Benefits paid	 	 	(801	)	 	 	(799	)	 	 	(956	)	 	 	(524	)	 	 	(873	)	 	 	(1,052	)	
Benefit obligation at end of year	 	 	15,572	 	 	 	14,235	 	 	 	9,462	 	 	 	9,271	 	 	 	11,986	 	 	 	13,454	 	
Change in plan assets:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Fair value of plan assets at beginning of year	 	 	10,299	 	 	 	11,590	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	
Actual return on plan assets	 	 	1,157	 	 	 	(1,043	)	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	
Company contributions	 	 	636	 	 	 	551	 	 	 	956	 	 	 	524	 	 	 	873	 	 	 	1,052	 	
Benefits paid	 	 	(801	)	 	 	(799	)	 	 	(956	)	 	 	(524	)	 	 	(873	)	 	 	(1,052	)	
Fair value of plan assets at end of year	 	 	11,291	 	 	 	10,299	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	
Funded status at end of year	 	$	(4,281	)	 	$	(3,936	)	 	$	(9,462	)	 	$	(9,271	)	 	$	(11,986	)	 	$	(13,454	)	
The net amounts recognized in the Consolidated Balance Sheets under the caption “Pension and postretirement benefits” as of December 31 are as follows:

 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	Postretirement	 	
 	 	Funded Plans	 	 	Unfunded Plans	 	 	Benefit Plans	 	
(in thousands)	 	2019	 	 	2018	 	 	2019	 	 	2018	 	 	2019	 	 	2018	 	
Other current liabilities	 	$	—	 	 	$	—	 	 	$	703	 	 	$	974	 	 	$	1,019	 	 	$	1,160	 	
Non-current liabilities	 	 	4,281	 	 	 	3,936	 	 	 	8,759	 	 	 	8,297	 	 	 	10,967	 	 	 	12,294	 	
Net amount recognized	 	$	4,281	 	 	$	3,936	 	 	$	9,462	 	 	$	9,271	 	 	$	11,986	 	 	$	13,454	 	
 
Amounts recognized in AOCI as of December 31 are as follows:

 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	Postretirement	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
 	 	Funded Plans	 	 	Unfunded Plans	 	 	Benefit Plans	 	 	Total	 	 	Total	 	
(in thousands)	 	2019	 	 	2018	 	 	2019	 	 	2018	 	 	2019	 	 	2018	 	 	2019	 	 	2018	 	
Net actuarial loss	 	$	8,856	 	 	$	8,643	 	 	$	2,744	 	 	$	2,055	 	 	$	1,320	 	 	$	2,549	 	 	$	12,920	 	 	$	13,247	 	
Prior service credit	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	43	 	 	 	(146	)	 	 	43	 	 	 	(146	)	
Subtotal	 	 	8,856	 	 	 	8,643	 	 	 	2,744	 	 	 	2,055	 	 	 	1,363	 	 	 	2,403	 	 	 	12,963	 	 	 	13,101	 	
Less tax effect	 	 	(2,236	)	 	 	(2,182	)	 	 	(693	)	 	 	(519	)	 	 	(344	)	 	 	(607	)	 	 	(3,273	)	 	 	(3,308	)	
Total	 	$	6,620	 	 	$	6,461	 	 	$	2,051	 	 	$	1,536	 	 	$	1,019	 	 	$	1,796	 	 	$	9,690	 	 	$	9,793	 	
The fair value of the domestic plans’ assets by asset class are as follows:

 	 	 	 	 	 	Fair Value Measurements at December 31, 2019	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	Quoted Prices
in Active
Markets	 	 	Significant
Other
Observable
Inputs	 	 	Significant
Unobservable
Inputs	 	
(in thousands)	 	Total	 	 	(Level 1)	 	 	(Level 2)	 	 	(Level 3)	 	
Domestic pension plans:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Fixed income securities	 	$	5,267	 	 	$	5,267	 	 	$	—	 	 	$	—	 	
Equity securities	 	 	5,518	 	 	 	5,518	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	
Cash	 	 	316	 	 	 	316	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	
Other	 	 	190	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	190	 	 	 	—	 	
Total	 	$	11,291	 	 	$	11,101	 	 	$	190	 	 	$	—	 	
68

 
 	 	 	 	 	 	Fair Value Measurements at December 31, 2018	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	Quoted Prices
in Active
Markets	 	 	Significant
Other
Observable
Inputs	 	 	Significant
Unobservable
Inputs	 	
(in thousands)	 	Total	 	 	(Level 1)	 	 	(Level 2)	 	 	(Level 3)	 	
Domestic pension plans:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Fixed income securities	 	$	5,355	 	 	$	5,355	 	 	$	—	 	 	$	—	 	
Equity securities	 	 	4,611	 	 	 	4,611	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	
Cash	 	 	140	 	 	 	140	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	
Other	 	 	193	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	193	 	 	 	—	 	
Total	 	$	10,299	 	 	$	10,106	 	 	$	193	 	 	$	—	 	
We employ a total return investment approach whereby a mix of equities and fixed income securities is used to maximize the long-term return of plan assets for a prudent level of risk. Risk tolerance is established through careful consideration of plan liabilities, plan funded status, and corporate financial condition. The investment portfolio contains a diversified blend of equity and fixed income securities. Furthermore, equity securities are diversified across U.S. and non-U.S. stocks, as well as growth and value. Investment risk is measured and monitored on an ongoing basis through quarterly investment portfolio reviews and annual liability measurements.
We utilize a building-block approach in determining the long-term expected rate of return on plan assets. Historical markets are studied and long-term historical relationships between equity securities and fixed income securities are preserved consistent with the widely accepted capital market principle that assets with higher volatility generate a greater return over the long run. Current market factors such as inflation and interest rates are evaluated before long-term capital market assumptions are determined. The long-term portfolio return also considers diversification and rebalancing. Peer data and historical returns are reviewed relative to our assumed rates for reasonableness and appropriateness.
The following pension and postretirement benefit payments, which reflect expected future service, as appropriate, are expected to be paid:

(in thousands)	 	Funded
Plans	 	 	Unfunded
Plans	 	 	Postretirement
Benefit
Plans	 	
2020	 	$	1,441	 	 	$	714	 	 	$	1,035	 	
2021	 	$	928	 	 	$	702	 	 	$	985	 	
2022	 	$	1,002	 	 	$	687	 	 	$	956	 	
2023	 	$	996	 	 	$	672	 	 	$	928	 	
2024	 	$	962	 	 	$	656	 	 	$	893	 	
2025-2029	 	$	4,759	 	 	$	2,985	 	 	$	3,768	 	
69

Foreign Pension Plans
Certain of our foreign operations also maintain defined benefit pension plans held in trust for certain employees which are funded by the companies, and unfunded defined benefit pension plans providing supplemental benefits to select management employees. These plans use traditional defined benefit formulas based on years of service and final average compensation. Funding policies provide that payments to defined benefit pension trusts shall be at least equal to the minimum funding required by applicable regulations. The components of net periodic benefit cost and other amounts recognized in other comprehensive income (loss) included the following:

 	 	December 31,	 	
(in thousands)	 	2019	 	 	2018	 	 	2017	 	
Net periodic benefit cost:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Service cost	 	$	405	 	 	$	552	 	 	$	530	 	
Interest cost	 	 	397	 	 	 	381	 	 	 	492	 	
Expected return on plan assets	 	 	(487	)	 	 	(505	)	 	 	(602	)	
Recognized net actuarial loss	 	 	127	 	 	 	139	 	 	 	155	 	
Settlement	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	777	 	
Net periodic benefit cost	 	 	442	 	 	 	567	 	 	 	1,352	 	
Other changes in plan assets and benefit obligations recognized in other
   comprehensive income (loss):	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Net actuarial loss	 	 	605	 	 	 	(238	)	 	 	(106	)	
Reversal of amortization of net actuarial loss	 	 	(127	)	 	 	(139	)	 	 	(155	)	
Total recognized in other comprehensive income (loss)	 	 	478	 	 	 	(377	)	 	 	(261	)	
Total recognized in net periodic benefit cost and other
   comprehensive income	 	$	920	 	 	$	190	 	 	$	1,091	 	
 
The following table represents the funded status of the plans as of December 31:

 	 	Funded Plans	 	 	Unfunded Plans	 	
(in thousands)	 	2019	 	 	2018	 	 	2019	 	 	2018	 	
Change in benefit obligation:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Benefit obligation at beginning of year	 	$	8,134	 	 	$	9,521	 	 	$	2,290	 	 	$	2,582	 	
Service cost	 	 	405	 	 	 	552	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	
Interest cost	 	 	320	 	 	 	308	 	 	 	77	 	 	 	73	 	
Actuarial adjustments	 	 	1,037	 	 	 	(809	)	 	 	106	 	 	 	(25	)	
Benefits paid	 	 	(336	)	 	 	(732	)	 	 	(178	)	 	 	(184	)	
Translation adjustment	 	 	430	 	 	 	(706	)	 	 	36	 	 	 	(156	)	
Benefit obligation at end of year	 	 	9,990	 	 	 	8,134	 	 	 	2,331	 	 	 	2,290	 	
Change in plan assets:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Fair value of plan assets at beginning of year	 	 	8,243	 	 	 	9,493	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	
Actual return on plan assets	 	 	1,156	 	 	 	(322	)	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	
Company contributions	 	 	515	 	 	 	514	 	 	 	178	 	 	 	184	 	
Benefits paid	 	 	(336	)	 	 	(732	)	 	 	(178	)	 	 	(184	)	
Translation adjustment	 	 	435	 	 	 	(710	)	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	
Fair value of plan assets at end of year	 	 	10,013	 	 	 	8,243	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	
Funded status at end of year	 	$	23	 	 	$	109	 	 	$	(2,331	)	 	$	(2,290	)	
The net amounts recognized in the Consolidated Balance Sheets under the caption “Pension and postretirement benefits” as of December 31 were as follows:

 	 	Funded Plans	 	 	Unfunded Plans	 	
(in thousands)	 	2019	 	 	2018	 	 	2019	 	 	2018	 	
Non-current assets	 	$	(43	)	 	$	(109	)	 	$	—	 	 	$	—	 	
Other current liabilities	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	177	 	 	 	176	 	
Non-current liabilities	 	 	20	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	2,154	 	 	 	2,114	 	
Net amount recognized	 	$	(23	)	 	$	(109	)	 	$	2,331	 	 	$	2,290	 	
70

Net actuarial losses for the foreign funded plans recognized in AOCI were $2.6 million ($1.9 million after-tax) as of December 31, 2019 and $2.2 million ($1.6 million after-tax) as of December 31, 2018. Net actuarial losses for the foreign unfunded plans recognized in AOCI were $0.7 million ($0.5 million after-tax) as of December 31, 2019 and $0.6 million ($0.4 million after-tax) as of December 31, 2018.
The fair value information related to the foreign pension plans’ assets is summarized in the following tables:
 
 	 	 	 	 	 	Fair Value Measurements at Reporting Date Using	 	
(in thousands)	 	December 31, 2019	 	 	Quoted Prices
in Active
Markets
(Level 1)	 	 	Significant
Other
Observable
Inputs
(Level 2)	 	 	Significant
Unobserved
Inputs
(Level 3)	 	
Assets:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Fixed income securities	 	$	5,194	 	 	$	5,194	 	 	$	—	 	 	$	—	 	
Equity securities	 	 	4,669	 	 	 	4,669	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	
Other	 	 	150	 	 	 	150	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	
Total	 	$	10,013	 	 	$	10,013	 	 	$	—	 	 	$	—	 	
 
 	 	 	 	 	 	Fair Value Measurements at Reporting Date Using	 	
(in thousands)	 	December 31, 2018	 	 	Quoted Prices
in Active
Markets
(Level 1)	 	 	Significant
Other
Observable
Inputs
(Level 2)	 	 	Significant
Unobserved
Inputs
(Level 3)	 	
Assets:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Fixed income securities	 	$	3,967	 	 	$	3,967	 	 	$	—	 	 	$	—	 	
Equity securities	 	 	4,087	 	 	 	4,087	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	
Other	 	 	189	 	 	 	189	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	
Total	 	$	8,243	 	 	$	8,243	 	 	$	—	 	 	$	—	 	
 
The following payments, which reflect expected future service, as appropriate, are expected to be paid:

(in thousands)	 	Funded
Plans	 	 	Unfunded
Plans	 	
2020	 	$	345	 	 	$	177	 	
2021	 	$	355	 	 	$	177	 	
2022	 	$	398	 	 	$	176	 	
2023	 	$	438	 	 	$	176	 	
2024	 	$	440	 	 	$	175	 	
2025-2029	 	$	2,268	 	 	$	860	 	
Information for Pension Plans with an Accumulated Benefit Obligation in Excess of Plan Assets
The accumulated benefit obligations in excess of plan assets as of December 31 were as follows:

 	 	Domestic Plans	 	
 	 	Funded Plans	 	 	Unfunded Plans	 	
(in thousands)	 	2019	 	 	2018	 	 	2019	 	 	2018	 	
Projected benefit obligation	 	$	15,572	 	 	$	14,235	 	 	$	9,462	 	 	$	9,271	 	
Accumulated benefit obligation	 	$	15,572	 	 	$	14,235	 	 	$	9,454	 	 	$	9,224	 	
Fair value of plan assets	 	$	11,291	 	 	$	10,299	 	 	$	—	 	 	$	—	 	
 
 	 	Foreign Plans	 	
 	 	Funded Plans	 	 	Unfunded Plans	 	
(in thousands)	 	2019	 	 	2018	 	 	2019	 	 	2018	 	
Projected benefit obligation	 	$	9,990	 	 	$	8,134	 	 	$	2,331	 	 	$	2,290	 	
Accumulated benefit obligation	 	$	9,347	 	 	$	7,581	 	 	$	2,331	 	 	$	2,290	 	
Fair value of plan assets	 	$	10,013	 	 	$	8,243	 	 	$	—	 	 	$	—	 	
71

Contributions
In aggregate for both the domestic and foreign plans, we anticipate contributing $1.4 million to the funded pension plans, $0.9 million to the unfunded pension plans, and $1.0 million to the postretirement benefit plans in 2020.
Weighted-Average Assumptions
Weighted-average assumptions used to determine benefit obligations as of December 31 were as follows:

 	 	Domestic Plans	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
 	 	Funded Plans	 	 	Unfunded Plans	 	 	Postretirement
Benefit Plans	 	 	Foreign Plans	 	
 	 	2019	 	 	2018	 	 	2019	 	 	2018	 	 	2019	 	 	2018	 	 	2019	 	 	2018	 	
Discount rate	 	 	3.15	%	 	 	4.30	%	 	 	3.13	%	 	 	4.21	%	 	 	3.17	%	 	 	4.29	%	 	 	2.92	%	 	 	3.58	%	
Rate of compensation increase	 	N/A	 	 	N/A	 	 	N/A	 	 	 	3.00	%	 	N/A	 	 	N/A	 	 	 	2.34	%	 	 	2.24	%	
Weighted-average assumptions used to determine net periodic benefit costs as of December 31 were as follows:

 	 	Domestic Plans	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
 	 	Funded Plans	 	 	Unfunded Plans	 	 	Postretirement
Benefit Plans	 	 	Foreign Plans	 	
 	 	2019	 	 	2018	 	 	2019	 	 	2018	 	 	2019	 	 	2018	 	 	2019	 	 	2018	 	
Discount rate	 	 	4.28	%	 	 	3.60	%	 	 	4.22	%	 	 	3.55	%	 	 	4.29	%	 	 	3.59	%	 	 	3.68	%	 	 	3.27	%	
Expected return on plan assets	 	 	5.50	%	 	 	5.50	%	 	N/A	 	 	N/A	 	 	 	0.00	%	 	 	0.00	%	 	 	4.55	%	 	 	4.62	%	
Rate of compensation increase	 	N/A	 	 	N/A	 	 	 	3.00	%	 	 	3.00	%	 	N/A	 	 	N/A	 	 	 	2.34	%	 	 	2.24	%	
 
Multi-employer Plans
We contribute to various defined benefit pension plans under the terms of collective bargaining agreements that cover our union-represented employees. The financial risks of participating in these multi-employer pension plans generally include the fact that the unfunded obligations of the plan may be borne by solvent participating employers. In addition, if we were to discontinue participating in some of our multi-employer pension plans, we could be required to pay a withdrawal liability amount based on the underfunded status of the plan. We finalized the terms of the new collective bargaining agreement with the Teamsters 727 union. The terms included a withdrawal from the underfunded Central States pension plan. Accordingly, we recorded a charge of $15.5 million, which represents the estimated present value of future contributions we will be required to make to the plan as a result of this withdrawal and $0.2 million of other withdrawal costs. Currently, we do not anticipate triggering any withdrawal from any other multi-employer pension plan to which we currently contribute. We also contribute to defined contribution plans pursuant to collective bargaining agreements, which are generally not subject to the funding risks inherent in defined benefit pension plans. The overall level of contributions to our multi-employer plans may significantly vary from year to year based on the demand for union-represented labor to support our operations. We do not have any minimum contribution requirements for future periods pursuant to our collective bargaining agreements for individually significant multi-employer plans.
72

Our participation in multi-employer pension plans for 2019 is outlined in the following table. Unless otherwise noted, the most recent Pension Protection Act zone status available in 2019 and 2018 relates to the plan’s year end as of December 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively, and is based on information received from the plan. Among other factors, plans in the red zone are generally less than 65% funded, plans in the yellow zone are less than 80% funded, and plans in the green zone are at least 80% funded. The “FIP/RP Status Pending/Implemented” column indicates plans for which a financial improvement plan or a rehabilitation plan is either pending or has been implemented.
 
 	 	 	 	Plan	 	 	Pension
Protection Act
Zone Status	 	FIP/RP
Status
Pending/ Implemented	 	Viad Contributions	 	 	Surcharge Paid	 	Expiration
Date of
Collective
Bargaining Agreement(s)	
(in thousands)	 	EIN	 	No.	 	 	2019	 	2018	 	 	 	2019	 	 	2018	 	 	2017	 	 	 	 	 	
Pension Fund:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Western Conference of  Teamsters Pension Plan	 	91-6145047	 	 	1	 	 	Green	 	Green	 	No	 	$	6,754	 	 	$	6,471	 	 	$	7,809	 	 	No	 	3/31/2020	
Southern California Local 831—Employer Pension Fund(1)	 	95-6376874	 	 	1	 	 	Green	 	Green	 	No	 	 	3,427	 	 	 	3,087	 	 	 	3,087	 	 	No	 	8/31/2021	
Chicago Regional Council of Carpenters Pension Fund	 	36-6130207	 	 	1	 	 	Green	 	Green	 	Yes	 	 	2,877	 	 	 	2,876	 	 	 	2,390	 	 	No	 	5/31/2023	
Electrical Contractors Assoc. Chicago Local Union 134, IBEW Joint Pension Trust of Chicago Plan #2	 	51-6030753	 	 	2	 	 	Green	 	Green	 	No	 	 	1,651	 	 	 	927	 	 	 	1,099	 	 	No	 	6/6/2021	
IBEW Local Union  No 357 Pension Plan A	 	88-6023284	 	 	1	 	 	Green	 	Green	 	No	 	 	1,074	 	 	 	1,025	 	 	 	1,682	 	 	No	 	6/16/2021	
Central States, Southeast and Southwest Areas Pension Plan	 	36-6044243	 	 	1	 	 	Red	 	Red	 	Yes	 	 	872	 	 	 	1,177	 	 	 	1,060	 	 	No	 	3/31/2023	
Southern California IBEW-NECA Pension Fund	 	95-6392774	 	 	1	 	 	Yellow	 	Yellow	 	Yes	 	 	799	 	 	 	881	 	 	 	905	 	 	Yes	 	8/31/2021	
Machinery Movers Riggers & Mach Erect Local 136 Supplemental Retirement Plan(1)	 	36-1416355	 	 	11	 	 	Yellow	 	Yellow	 	Yes	 	 	797	 	 	 	1,328	 	 	 	719	 	 	Yes	 	6/30/2024	
Sign Pictorial & Display Industry Pension Plan(1)	 	94-6278490	 	 	1	 	 	Green	 	Green	 	No	 	 	768	 	 	 	778	 	 	 	654	 	 	No	 	3/31/2021	
Southwest Carpenters Pension Trust	 	95-6042875	 	 	1	 	 	Green	 	Green	 	No	 	 	717	 	 	 	789	 	 	 	883	 	 	No	 	7/31/2023	
New England Teamsters & Trucking Industry Pension	 	04-6372430	 	 	1	 	 	Red	 	Red	 	Yes	 	 	506	 	 	 	423	 	 	 	772	 	 	No	 	3/31/2022	
All other funds(2)	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	3,625	 	 	 	3,734	 	 	 	2,900	 	 	 	 	 	
Total contributions to defined benefit plans	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	23,867	 	 	 	23,496	 	 	 	23,960	 	 	 	 	 	
Total contributions to other plans	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	3,416	 	 	 	2,900	 	 	 	2,613	 	 	 	 	 	
Total contributions to multi-employer plans	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	$	27,283	 	 	$	26,396	 	 	$	26,573	 	 	 	 	 	
(1)	We contributed more than 5% of total plan contributions for the plan year detailed in the plans’ most recent Form 5500s.	
(2)	Represents participation in 35 pension funds during 2019.	
73

Other Employee Benefits
We match U.S. employee contributions to the 401(k) plan with shares of our common stock held in treasury up to 100% of the first 3% of a participant’s salary plus 50% of the next 2%. The expense associated with our match was $5.0 million for 2019, $4.8 million for 2018, and $4.2 million for 2017.
 
Note 19. Restructuring Charges
GES
As part of our efforts to drive efficiencies and simplify our business operations, we have taken certain restructuring actions designed to reduce our cost structure primarily within GES. These actions include consolidating facilities and operations in the U.S., Canada, and the United Kingdom. During 2019, we completed some strategic simplification actions, including a facility consolidation in Las Vegas and other restructuring actions. As a result, we recorded restructuring charges primarily consisting of severance and related benefits as a result of workforce reductions and charges related to the consolidation and downsizing of facilities representing the remaining operating lease obligations (net of estimated sublease income) and related costs.
Other Restructurings
We recorded restructuring charges in connection with the consolidation of certain support functions at our corporate headquarters and certain reorganization activities within Pursuit. These charges primarily consist of severance and related benefits due to headcount reductions and charges related to the downsizing of facilities.
Changes to the restructuring liability by major restructuring activity are as follows:

 	 	GES	 	 	Other Restructurings	 	 	 	 	 	
(in thousands)	 	Severance &
Employee
Benefits	 	 	Facilities	 	 	Severance &
Employee
Benefits	 	 	Total	 	
Balance at December 31, 2016	 	$	2,274	 	 	$	1,092	 	 	$	416	 	 	$	3,782	 	
Restructuring charges	 	 	442	 	 	 	265	 	 	 	297	 	 	 	1,004	 	
Cash payments	 	 	(1,165	)	 	 	(550	)	 	 	(538	)	 	 	(2,253	)	
Adjustment to liability	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	16	 	 	 	16	 	
Balance at December 31, 2017	 	 	1,551	 	 	 	807	 	 	 	191	 	 	 	2,549	 	
Restructuring charges	 	 	1,457	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	130	 	 	 	1,587	 	
Cash payments	 	 	(1,379	)	 	 	(156	)	 	 	(181	)	 	 	(1,716	)	
Adjustment to liability	 	 	410	 	 	 	(451	)	 	 	(128	)	 	 	(169	)	
Balance at December 31, 2018	 	 	2,039	 	 	 	200	 	 	 	12	 	 	 	2,251	 	
Restructuring charges	 	 	6,071	 	 	 	1,817	 	 	 	492	 	 	 	8,380	 	
Cash payments	 	 	(5,169	)	 	 	(752	)	 	 	(272	)	 	 	(6,193	)	
Adjustment to liability	 	 	(6	)	 	 	74	 	 	 	7	 	 	 	75	 	
Balance at December 31, 2019	 	$	2,935	 	 	$	1,339	 	 	$	239	 	 	$	4,513	 	
As of December 31, 2019, we expect to pay the liabilities related to severance and employee benefits by the end of 2020. The liability related to future lease payments will be paid over the remaining lease terms. Refer to Note 23 – Segment Information, for information regarding restructuring charges by segment.
74

Note 20. Leases and Other
The balance sheet presentation of our operating and finance leases is as follows:

 	 	 	 	December 31,	 	
(in thousands)	 	Classification on the Consolidated Balance Sheet	 	2019	 	
Assets:	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Operating lease assets	 	Operating lease right-of-use assets	 	$	103,314	 	
Finance lease assets	 	Property and equipment, net	 	 	25,350	 	
Total lease assets	 	 	 	$	128,664	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Liabilities:	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Current:	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Operating lease obligations	 	Operating lease obligations	 	$	22,180	 	
Finance lease obligations	 	Current portion of debt and finance lease obligations	 	 	3,386	 	
Noncurrent:	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Operating lease obligations	 	Long-term operating lease obligations	 	 	82,851	 	
Finance lease obligations	 	Long-term debt and finance lease obligations	 	 	21,871	 	
Total lease liabilities	 	 	 	$	130,288	 	
The components of lease expense consisted of the following:

 	 	Year Ended	 	
(in thousands)	 	December 31, 2019	 	
Finance lease cost:	 	 	 	 	
Amortization of right-of-use assets	 	$	2,780	 	
Interest on lease liabilities	 	 	924	 	
Operating lease cost	 	 	26,511	 	
Short-term lease cost	 	 	1,932	 	
Variable lease cost	 	 	6,271	 	
Total lease cost, net	 	$	38,418	 	
 
Other information related to operating and finance leases are as follows:
 	 	Year Ended	 	
(in thousands)	 	December 31, 2019	 	
Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities:	 	 	 	 	
Operating cash flows from operating leases	 	$	28,146	 	
Operating cash flows from finance leases	 	$	502	 	
Financing cash flows from finance leases	 	$	2,698	 	
Right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for lease obligations:	 	 	 	 	
Operating leases	 	$	125,755	 	
Finance leases	 	$	18,822	 	

 	 	December 31, 2019	 	
Weighted-average remaining lease term (years):	 	 	 	 	
Operating leases	 	 	8.17	 	
Finance leases	 	 	14.01	 	
Weighted-average discount rate:	 	 	 	 	
Operating leases	 	 	5.77	%	
Finance leases	 	 	7.73	%	
75

As of December 31, 2019, the estimated future minimum lease payments under non-cancellable leases, excluding variable leases and variable non-lease components, are as follows:

(in thousands)	 	Operating Leases	 	 	Finance Leases	 	 	Total	 	
2020	 	$	25,449	 	 	$	4,868	 	 	$	30,317	 	
2021	 	 	18,600	 	 	 	4,113	 	 	 	22,713	 	
2022	 	 	16,310	 	 	 	3,620	 	 	 	19,930	 	
2023	 	 	13,257	 	 	 	3,185	 	 	 	16,442	 	
2024	 	 	9,978	 	 	 	2,524	 	 	 	12,502	 	
Thereafter	 	 	54,388	 	 	 	24,222	 	 	 	78,610	 	
Total future lease payments	 	 	137,982	 	 	 	42,532	 	 	 	180,514	 	
Less: Amount representing interest	 	 	(32,951	)	 	 	(17,275	)	 	 	(50,226	)	
Present value of minimum lease payments	 	 	105,031	 	 	 	25,257	 	 	 	130,288	 	
Current portion	 	 	22,180	 	 	 	3,386	 	 	 	25,566	 	
Long-term portion	 	$	82,851	 	 	$	21,871	 	 	$	104,722	 	
As of December 31, 2019, the estimated future minimum rentals under non-cancellable leases, which includes rental income from facilities that we own and sublease income from facilities that we lease, are as follows:

(in thousands)	 	 	 	 	
2020	 	$	2,141	 	
2021	 	 	1,837	 	
2022	 	 	1,491	 	
2023	 	 	1,289	 	
2024	 	 	1,038	 	
Thereafter	 	 	4,402	 	
Total minimum sublease rents	 	$	12,198	 	
Leases Not Yet Commenced
As of December 31, 2019, we had certain facility and land leases that were executed but for which we did not have control of the underlying assets. Accordingly, we did not record the lease liabilities and right-of-use assets on our Consolidated Balance Sheets. These leases include future planned attractions for Pursuit that are currently in the planning or development phase and that we expect the lease commencement dates to begin between fiscal years 2020 and 2022 with lease terms of 15 to 47 years.
Leases Under Previous Lease Accounting Standard
As previously disclosed in our 2018 Form 10-K and under the previous lease accounting standard, our future minimum rental payments and related sublease rentals receivable with respect to non-cancelable operating leases with terms in excess of one year would have been as follows as of December 31, 2018:

(in thousands)	 	Rental
Payments	 	 	Receivable
Under Subleases	 	
2019	 	$	28,671	 	 	$	2,382	 	
2020	 	 	22,919	 	 	 	1,582	 	
2021	 	 	13,217	 	 	 	1,711	 	
2022	 	 	8,280	 	 	 	1,370	 	
2023	 	 	6,201	 	 	 	1,270	 	
Thereafter	 	 	8,305	 	 	 	2,798	 	
Total	 	$	87,593	 	 	$	11,113	 	
 
Note 21. Litigation, Claims, Contingencies, and Other
We are plaintiffs or defendants to various actions, proceedings, and pending claims, some of which involve, or may involve, compensatory, punitive, or other damages. Litigation is subject to many uncertainties and it is possible that some of the legal actions, proceedings, or claims could be decided against us. During the year ended December 31, 2019, we recorded an $8.5 million charge to resolve a legal dispute at GES involving a former industry contractor. Although the amount of liability as of
76

December 31, 2019 with respect to unresolved legal matters is not ascertainable, we believe that any resulting liability, after taking into consideration amounts already provided for and insurance coverage, will not have a material effect on our business, financial position, or results of operations.
We are subject to various U.S. federal, state, and foreign laws and regulations governing the prevention of pollution and the protection of the environment in the jurisdictions in which we have or had operations. If we fail to comply with these environmental laws and regulations, civil and criminal penalties could be imposed, and we could become subject to regulatory enforcement actions in the form of injunctions and cease and desist orders. As is the case with many companies, we also face exposure to actual or potential claims and lawsuits involving environmental matters relating to our past operations. As of December 31, 2019, we had recorded environmental remediation liabilities of $2.3 million related to previously sold operations. Although we are a party to certain environmental disputes, we believe that any resulting liabilities, after taking into consideration amounts already provided for and insurance coverage, will not have a material effect on our financial position or results of operations.
 
As of December 31, 2019, on behalf of our subsidiaries, we had certain obligations under guarantees to third parties. These guarantees are not subject to liability recognition in the consolidated financial statements and relate to leased facilities and equipment leases entered into by our subsidiary operations. We would generally be required to make payments to the respective third parties under these guarantees in the event that the related subsidiary could not meet its own payment obligations. The maximum potential amount of future payments that we would be required to make under all guarantees existing as of December 31, 2019 would be $79.3 million. These guarantees relate to our leased equipment and facilities through January 2040. There are no recourse provisions that would enable us to recover from third parties any payments made under the guarantees. Furthermore, there are no collateral or similar arrangements pursuant to which we could recover payments.
 
A significant number of our employees are unionized and we are a party to approximately 100 collective bargaining agreements, with approximately one-third requiring renegotiation each year. If we are unable to reach an agreement with a union during the collective bargaining process, the union may call for a strike or work stoppage, which may, under certain circumstances, adversely impact our business and results of operations. We believe that relations with our employees are satisfactory and that collective bargaining agreements expiring in 2020 will be renegotiated in the ordinary course of business. Although our labor relations are currently stable, disruptions could occur, with the possibility of an adverse impact on the operating results of GES. During 2019, we finalized the terms of a new collective bargaining agreement with the Teamsters Local 727 union. The terms included a withdrawal from the underfunded Central States Pension Plan. Accordingly, we recorded a charge of $15.5 million, which represents the estimated present value of future contributions we will be required to make to the plan as a result of this withdrawal and $0.2 million of other withdrawal costs. Refer to Note 18 – Pension and Postretirement Benefits for additional information on specific union-related pension issues.
 
We are self-insured up to certain limits for workers’ compensation and general liabilities, which includes automobile, product general liability, and client property loss claims. The aggregate amount of insurance liabilities (up to our retention limit) related to our continuing operations was $14.3 million as of December 31, 2019, which includes $9.9 million related to workers’ compensation liabilities, and $4.4 million related to general liability claims. We have also retained and provided for certain workers’ compensation insurance liabilities in conjunction with previously sold businesses of $2.3 million as of December 31, 2019. We are also self-insured for certain employee health benefits and the estimated employee health benefit claims incurred but not yet reported was $1.6 million as of December 31, 2019. Provisions for losses for claims incurred, including actuarially derived estimated claims incurred but not yet reported, are made based on our historical experience, claims frequency, and other factors. A change in the assumptions used could result in an adjustment to recorded liabilities. We have purchased insurance for amounts in excess of the self-insured levels, which generally range from $0.2 million to $0.5 million on a per claim basis. We do not maintain a self-insured retention pool fund as claims are paid from current cash resources at the time of settlement. Our net cash payments in connection with these insurance liabilities were $6.9 million for 2019, $5.4 million for 2018, and $5.5 million for 2017.
 
In addition, as of December 31, 2019, we have recorded insurance liabilities of $10.0 million related to continuing operations, which represents the amount for which we remain the primary obligor after self-insured insurance limits, without taking into consideration the above-referenced insurance coverage. Of this total, $6.5 million related to workers’ compensation liabilities and $3.5 million related to general/auto liability claims, which are recorded in other deferred items and liabilities in the Consolidated Balance Sheets with a corresponding receivable in other investments.
77

Note 22. Redeemable Noncontrolling Interest
On November 3, 2017, we acquired the controlling interest (54.5% of the common stock) in Esja, a private corporation in Reykjavik, Iceland. Through Esja and its wholly-owned subsidiary, we are operating a new FlyOver Iceland attraction.
The minority Esja shareholders have the right to sell (or “put”) their Esja shares to us based on a multiple of 5.0x EBITDA as calculated on the trailing 12 months from the most recently completed quarter before the put option exercise. The put option is only exercisable after 36 months of business operation (the “Reference Date”) and if the FlyOver Iceland attraction has earned a minimum of €3.25 million in unadjusted EBITDA during the most recent fiscal year and during the trailing 12-month period prior to exercise (the “Put Option Condition”). The put option is exercisable during a period of 12 months following the Reference Date (the “Option Period”) if the Put Option Condition has been met. If the Put Option Condition has not been met during the first Option Period, the Reference Date will be extended for an additional 12 months up to three times. If after 72 months, the FlyOver Iceland attraction has not achieved the Put Option Condition, the put option expires. If the Put Option Condition is met during any of the Option Periods, yet the shares are not exercised prior to the end of the 12-month Option Period, the put option will expire.  
The noncontrolling interest’s carrying value is determined by the fair value of the noncontrolling interest as of the acquisition date and the noncontrolling interest’s share of the subsequent net income or loss. This value is benchmarked against the redemption value of the sellers’ put option. The carrying value is adjusted to the redemption value, provided that it does not fall below the initial carrying value, as determined by the purchase price allocation. We have made a policy election to reflect any changes caused by such an adjustment to retained earnings, rather than to current earnings.
 
Changes in the redeemable noncontrolling interest are as follows:

(in thousands)	 	 	 	 	
Balance at December 31, 2017	 	$	6,648	 	
Net loss attributable to redeemable noncontrolling interest	 	 	(317	)	
Adjustment to the redemption value	 	 	251	 	
Foreign currency translation adjustment	 	 	(673	)	
Balance at December 31, 2018	 	$	5,909	 	
Net loss attributable to redeemable noncontrolling interest	 	 	(821	)	
Adjustment to the redemption value	 	 	1,318	 	
Foreign currency translation adjustment	 	 	(234	)	
Balance at December 31, 2019	 	$	6,172	 	
 
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Note 23. Segment Information
We measure the profit and performance of our operations on the basis of segment operating income which excludes restructuring charges and recoveries and impairment charges and recoveries. Intersegment sales are eliminated in consolidation and intersegment transfers are not significant. Corporate activities include expenses not allocated to operations. Depreciation and amortization and share-based compensation expense are the only significant non-cash items for the reportable segments.
During the first quarter of 2019, we realigned GES’ organizational structure. As a result, we changed GES’ reportable segments to reflect how our chief operating decision maker regularly reviews and makes decisions regarding the allocation of resources. Accordingly, GES’ new reportable segments are GES North America and GES EMEA. We made no changes to the Pursuit reportable segment.
Our reportable segments, with reconciliations to consolidated totals, are as follows:

 	 	Year Ended December 31,	 	
(in thousands)	 	2019	 	 	2018	 	 	2017	 	
Revenue:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
GES:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
GES North America	 	$	936,032	 	 	$	909,790	 	 	$	943,952	 	
GES EMEA	 	 	233,591	 	 	 	218,247	 	 	 	209,825	 	
Intersegment eliminations	 	 	(20,741	)	 	 	(17,140	)	 	 	(20,680	)	
Total GES	 	 	1,148,882	 	 	 	1,110,897	 	 	 	1,133,097	 	
Pursuit	 	 	222,813	 	 	 	185,287	 	 	 	173,868	 	
Total revenue	 	$	1,371,695	 	 	$	1,296,184	 	 	$	1,306,965	 	
Segment operating income:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
GES:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
GES North America	 	$	27,659	 	 	$	29,981	 	 	$	41,156	 	
GES EMEA	 	 	8,274	 	 	 	9,621	 	 	 	9,575	 	
Total GES	 	 	35,933	 	 	 	39,602	 	 	 	50,731	 	
Pursuit	 	 	54,310	 	 	 	48,915	 	 	 	47,867	 	
Segment operating income	 	 	90,243	 	 	 	88,517	 	 	 	98,598	 	
Corporate eliminations (1)	 	 	67	 	 	 	67	 	 	 	67	 	
Corporate activities	 	 	(10,865	)	 	 	(10,993	)	 	 	(12,396	)	
Operating income	 	 	79,445	 	 	 	77,591	 	 	 	86,269	 	
Interest income	 	 	369	 	 	 	354	 	 	 	319	 	
Interest expense	 	 	(14,199	)	 	 	(9,640	)	 	 	(8,304	)	
Multi-employer pension plan withdrawal	 	 	(15,693	)	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	
Other expense (2)	 	 	(1,586	)	 	 	(1,744	)	 	 	(2,028	)	
Restructuring recoveries (charges):	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
GES North America	 	 	(6,157	)	 	 	(408	)	 	 	354	 	
GES EMEA	 	 	(1,731	)	 	 	(1,049	)	 	 	(1,061	)	
Pursuit	 	 	(52	)	 	 	(140	)	 	 	(86	)	
Corporate	 	 	(440	)	 	 	10	 	 	 	(211	)	
Impairment (charges) recoveries:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
GES	 	 	(5,346	)	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	
Pursuit	 	 	—	 	 	 	35	 	 	 	29,098	 	
Legal settlement:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
GES	 	 	(8,500	)	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	
Income from continuing operations before income taxes	 	$	26,110	 	 	$	65,009	 	 	$	104,350	 	
(1)	Corporate eliminations represent the elimination of depreciation expense recorded by Pursuit associated with previously eliminated intercompany profit realized by GES for renovations to Pursuit’s Banff Gondola.	
(2)	We adopted ASU 2017-07 on January 1, 2018, which requires retrospective adoption. As a result, we recorded the nonservice cost component of net periodic benefit cost within other expense for the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018, and we reclassified $2.0 million from operating expenses to other expense for 2017 to conform with current period presentation.	
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 	 	December 31,	 	
(in thousands)	 	2019	 	 	2018	 	 	2017	 	
Assets:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
GES:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
GES North America	 	$	475,279	 	 	$	406,484	 	 	$	406,038	 	
GES EMEA	 	 	132,975	 	 	 	111,798	 	 	 	110,788	 	
Pursuit	 	 	589,205	 	 	 	357,630	 	 	 	350,256	 	
Corporate and other	 	 	121,232	 	 	 	46,629	 	 	 	52,817	 	
 	 	$	1,318,691	 	 	$	922,541	 	 	$	919,899	 	
Depreciation and amortization:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
GES:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
GES North America	 	$	29,321	 	 	$	30,855	 	 	$	30,260	 	
GES EMEA	 	 	6,260	 	 	 	7,071	 	 	 	7,004	 	
Pursuit	 	 	23,154	 	 	 	18,690	 	 	 	17,653	 	
Corporate and other	 	 	229	 	 	 	226	 	 	 	197	 	
 	 	$	58,964	 	 	$	56,842	 	 	$	55,114	 	
Capital expenditures:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
GES:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
GES North America	 	$	19,099	 	 	$	19,263	 	 	$	18,900	 	
GES EMEA	 	 	7,098	 	 	 	7,065	 	 	 	6,521	 	
Pursuit	 	 	49,934	 	 	 	56,865	 	 	 	30,786	 	
Corporate and other	 	 	16	 	 	 	152	 	 	 	414	 	
 	 	$	76,147	 	 	$	83,345	 	 	$	56,621	 	
 
Geographic Areas
Our foreign operations are primarily in Canada, the United Kingdom, Iceland, the Netherlands, Germany, and to a lesser extent, in certain other countries. GES revenue is designated as domestic or foreign based on the originating location of the product or service. Long-lived assets are attributed to domestic or foreign based principally on the physical location of the assets. Long-lived assets consist of “Property and equipment, net” and “Other investments and assets.” The table below presents the financial information by major geographic area:
 
 	 	December 31,	 	
(in thousands)	 	2019	 	 	2018	 	 	2017	 	
Revenue:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
United States	 	$	925,140	 	 	$	894,442	 	 	$	913,210	 	
EMEA	 	 	235,436	 	 	 	218,247	 	 	 	209,824	 	
Canada	 	 	211,119	 	 	 	183,495	 	 	 	183,931	 	
Total revenue	 	$	1,371,695	 	 	$	1,296,184	 	 	$	1,306,965	 	
Long-lived assets:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
United States	 	$	205,399	 	 	$	182,140	 	 	$	180,345	 	
EMEA	 	 	63,582	 	 	 	48,553	 	 	 	43,630	 	
Canada	 	 	277,039	 	 	 	146,064	 	 	 	129,108	 	
Total long-lived assets	 	$	546,020	 	 	$	376,757	 	 	$	353,083	 	
 
Note 24. Common Stock Repurchases
We previously announced our Board of Directors’ authorization to repurchase shares of our common stock from time to time at prevailing market prices. Effective February 7, 2019, our Board of Directors authorized the repurchase of an additional 500,000 shares.
No shares were repurchased on the open market during 2019. During 2018, we repurchased 340,473 shares on the open market for $17.2 million. No shares were repurchased on the open market during 2017. As of December 31, 2019, 600,067
80

shares remain available for repurchase. Additionally, we repurchase shares related to tax withholding requirements on vested restricted stock awards. Refer to Note 3 – Share-Based Compensation.
 
Note 25. Selected Quarterly Financial Information (Unaudited)
The following table sets forth selected unaudited consolidated quarterly financial information:
 
 	 	2019	 	 	2018	 	
(in thousands, except per share data)	 	First
Quarter	 	 	Second
Quarter	 	 	Third
Quarter	 	 	Fourth
Quarter	 	 	First
Quarter	 	 	Second
Quarter	 	 	Third
Quarter	 	 	Fourth
Quarter	 	
Revenue:	 	$	285,594	 	 	$	402,279	 	 	$	362,488	 	 	$	321,334	 	 	$	277,428	 	 	$	363,677	 	 	$	358,163	 	 	$	296,916	 	
Operating income (loss):	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Ongoing operations (1)	 	$	(11,236	)	 	$	46,442	 	 	$	54,822	 	 	$	141	 	 	$	(10,989	)	 	$	38,402	 	 	$	56,551	 	 	$	4,018	 	
Business interruption gain	 	 	—	 	 	 	141	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	190	 	 	 	377	 	 	 	35	 	 	 	—	 	
Corporate activities	 	 	(1,833	)	 	 	(3,282	)	 	 	(2,680	)	 	 	(3,070	)	 	 	(2,217	)	 	 	(2,535	)	 	 	(3,777	)	 	 	(2,464	)	
Interest income	 	 	98	 	 	 	83	 	 	 	79	 	 	 	109	 	 	 	84	 	 	 	53	 	 	 	101	 	 	 	116	 	
Interest expense	 	 	(2,915	)	 	 	(2,957	)	 	 	(3,740	)	 	 	(4,587	)	 	 	(2,069	)	 	 	(2,354	)	 	 	(2,608	)	 	 	(2,609	)	
Multi-employer pension plan withdrawal	 	 	—	 	 	 	(15,508	)	 	 	—	 	 	 	(185	)	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	
Other expense	 	 	(455	)	 	 	(456	)	 	 	(281	)	 	 	(394	)	 	 	(238	)	 	 	(543	)	 	 	(527	)	 	 	(436	)	
Restructuring charges	 	 	(688	)	 	 	(4,455	)	 	 	(1,702	)	 	 	(1,535	)	 	 	(162	)	 	 	(662	)	 	 	(175	)	 	 	(588	)	
Legal settlement	 	 	(8,500	)	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	
Impairment recoveries (charges)	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	(5,346	)	 	 	—	 	 	 	35	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	
Income from continuing operations before income taxes	 	$	(25,529	)	 	$	20,008	 	 	$	46,498	 	 	$	(14,867	)	 	$	(15,401	)	 	$	32,773	 	 	$	49,600	 	 	$	(1,963	)	
Income (loss) from continuing operations attributable to Viad	 	$	(17,490	)	 	$	13,364	 	 	$	31,557	 	 	$	(5,315	)	 	$	(10,315	)	 	$	23,769	 	 	$	37,635	 	 	$	(3,400	)	
Net income (loss) attributable to Viad	 	$	(17,777	)	 	$	13,824	 	 	$	31,416	 	 	$	(5,428	)	 	$	(9,387	)	 	$	23,490	 	 	$	37,389	 	 	$	(2,322	)	
Diluted income (loss) per common share: (2)	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Continuing operations attributable to Viad	 	$	(0.88	)	 	$	0.65	 	 	$	1.54	 	 	$	(0.30	)	 	$	(0.51	)	 	$	1.16	 	 	$	1.84	 	 	$	(0.17	)	
Net income (loss) attributable to Viad common stockholders	 	$	(0.89	)	 	$	0.67	 	 	$	1.53	 	 	$	(0.31	)	 	$	(0.47	)	 	$	1.15	 	 	$	1.83	 	 	$	(0.12	)	
 
(1)	Represents revenue less costs of services and cost of products sold.	
(2)	The sum of quarterly income per share amounts may not equal annual income per share due to rounding.	
 
81

REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM
To the Board of Directors and Stockholders of Viad Corp
Opinion on the Financial Statements
We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of Viad Corp and subsidiaries (the “Company”) as of December 31, 2019 and 2018, the related consolidated statements of operations, comprehensive income, stockholders’ equity, and cash flows, for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2019, and the related notes and the schedule listed in the Index at Item 15 (collectively referred to as the “financial statements”). In our opinion, the financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company as of December 31, 2019 and 2018, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2019, in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.
We have also audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB), the Company’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2019, based on criteria established in Internal Control — Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission and our report dated February 26, 2020 expressed an unqualified opinion on the Company’s internal control over financial reporting.
Change in Accounting Principle
As discussed in Note 1 to the financial statements, effective January 1, 2019, the Company adopted FASB Accounting Standards Update 2016-02, Leases, using the modified retrospective approach.
Basis for Opinion
These financial statements are the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s financial statements based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the PCAOB and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.
We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. Our audits included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the financial statements. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.
Critical Audit Matter
The critical audit matter communicated below is a matter arising from the current-period audit of the financial statements that was communicated or required to be communicated to the audit committee and that (1) relates to accounts or disclosures that are material to the financial statements and (2) involved our especially challenging, subjective, or complex judgments. The communication of critical audit matters does not alter in any way our opinion on the financial statements, taken as a whole, and we are not, by communicating the critical audit matter below, providing a separate opinion on the critical audit matter or on the accounts or disclosures to which it relates.
Litigation, Claims, Contingencies, and Other—Self Insurance Reserves —Refer to Notes 1 and 21 to the financial statements
Critical Audit Matter Description
The Company is self-insured up to certain limits for workers’ compensation, automobile, product and general liability claims. Reserves for losses for claims incurred, including actuarially derived estimated claims incurred but not reported, are made by the Company based on historical experience, claims frequency, insurance coverage, and other factors. The Company purchases insurance for amounts in excess of self-insured levels.  The aggregate amount of these insurance liabilities related to continuing operations was $24.3 million as of December 31, 2019.
Given the subjectivity of estimating the projected settlement value of reported and unreported claims, auditing the self-
82

insurance reserves involved especially subjective auditor judgment and an increased extent of effort, including the need to involve our actuarial specialist when auditing the self-insurance reserve, and therefore we have identified this as a critical audit matter.
How the Critical Audit Matter Was Addressed in the Audit
Our audit procedures related to the self-insurance reserves included the following, among others:

•	We tested the effectiveness of controls related to self-insurance reserves, including those over the projection of settlement value of reported and unreported claims.	
•	We evaluated the methods and assumptions used by management to estimate the self-insurance reserves by:	
 	•	Agreeing the underlying claims data to source documents that served as the basis for the Company’s actuarial analysis, to evaluate whether the inputs to the actuarial estimate were reasonable.	
 	•	Comparing management’s prior-year assumptions of expected development and ultimate loss to actuals incurred during the current year to identify potential bias in the determination of the self-insurance reserves.	
•	With the assistance of our actuarial specialists, we developed independent estimates of the self-insurance reserves, using standard traditional actuarial methodologies, and compared our estimates to management’s estimates.	
/s/ Deloitte & Touche LLP
 
Phoenix, Arizona
February 26, 2020
 
We have served as the Company’s auditor since at least 1929; however, an earlier year could not be reliably determined.

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Item 9. CHANGES IN AND DISAGREEMENTS WITH ACCOUNTANTS ON ACCOUNTING AND FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE
None.
Item 9A. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES
We have established disclosure controls and procedures that are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed in our reports filed or submitted under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”) is recorded, processed, summarized, and reported within the time periods specified in SEC rules and forms, and such information is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our Chief Executive Officer (“CEO”) and Chief Financial Officer (“CFO”), as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure. Management, together with our CEO and CFO, evaluated the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures as of December 31, 2019. Based on this evaluation, the CEO and CFO concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were effective as of December 31, 2019.
There were no changes in our internal control over financial reporting during the fourth quarter of 2019 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.
84

MANAGEMENT’S REPORT ON INTERNAL CONTROL OVER FINANCIAL REPORTING
Management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting. Internal control over financial reporting is defined in Rule 13a-15(f) or 15d-15(f) of the Exchange Act as a process designed by, or under the supervision of, our principal executive and principal financial officers and effected by our board of directors, our management and other personnel, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with U.S. GAAP and includes those policies and procedures that:
 	•	Pertain to the maintenance of records that in reasonable detail accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of our assets;	
 	•	Provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with U.S. GAAP, and that our receipts and expenditures are being made only in accordance with authorizations of our management and directors; and	
 	•	Provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use or disposition of our assets that could have a material effect on our financial statements.	
Because of inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate. All internal control systems, no matter how well designed, have inherent limitations. Therefore, even those systems determined to be effective can provide only reasonable assurance with respect to financial statement preparation and presentation. Because of the inherent limitations of internal control, there is a risk that material misstatements may not be prevented or detected on a timely basis by internal control over financial reporting. However, these inherent limitations are known features of the financial reporting process. Therefore, it is possible to design into the process safeguards to reduce, though not eliminate, this risk.
Management performed an assessment of the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting using the criteria described in the “Internal Control - Integrated Framework (2013),” issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission. The objective of this assessment was to determine whether our internal control over financial reporting was effective as of December 31, 2019.
In accordance with the SEC’s published guidance, our management has excluded from its assessment the internal control over financial reporting for Mountain Park Lodges, which we acquired on June 8, 2019 and whose financial statements constitute 9.8% of total assets and 1.4% of revenue of our consolidated financial statement amounts as of and for the year ended December 31, 2019. 
Based on our assessment, we concluded that, as of December 31, 2019, our internal control over financial reporting is effective based on those criteria.
Our independent registered public accounting firm, Deloitte & Touche LLP, has issued a report relating to our audit of the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting, which appears on the following page of this 2019 Form 10-K.
 
85

REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM
To the Board of Directors and Stockholders of Viad Corp
Opinion on Internal Control over Financial Reporting
We have audited the internal control over financial reporting of Viad Corp and subsidiaries (the “Company”) as of December 31, 2019, based on criteria established in Internal Control — Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO). In our opinion, the Company maintained, in all material respects, effective internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2019, based on criteria established in Internal Control — Integrated Framework (2013) issued by COSO.
We have also audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB), the consolidated financial statements as of and for the year ended December 31, 2019, of the Company and our report dated February 26, 2020 expressed an unqualified opinion on those consolidated financial statements and financial statement schedule and included an explanatory paragraph regarding the Company’s adoption of a new accounting standard.
As described in Management’s Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting, management excluded from its assessment the internal control over financial reporting at Mountain Park Lodges, Inc., which was acquired on June 8, 2019, and whose financial statements constitute 9.8% of total assets and 1.4% of revenues of the consolidated financial statement amounts as of and for the year ended December 31, 2019. Accordingly, our audit did not include the internal control over financial reporting at Mountain Park Lodges, Inc.
Basis for Opinion  
The Company’s management is responsible for maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting and for its assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting, included in the accompanying Management’s Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s internal control over financial reporting based on our audit. We are a public accounting firm registered with the PCAOB and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.
We conducted our audit in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether effective internal control over financial reporting was maintained in all material respects. Our audit included obtaining an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, assessing the risk that a material weakness exists, testing and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal control based on the assessed risk, and performing such other procedures as we considered necessary in the circumstances. We believe that our audit provides a reasonable basis for our opinion.
Definition and Limitations of Internal Control over Financial Reporting
A company’s internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. A company’s internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (1) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company; (2) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the company; and (3) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the company’s assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.
Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.
/s/ Deloitte & Touche LLP
 
Phoenix, Arizona
February 26, 2020

86

 
 
Item 9B. OTHER INFORMATION
Not applicable.

87

PART III
Item 10. DIRECTORS, EXECUTIVE OFFICERS AND CORPORATE GOVERNANCE
Information regarding our directors, director nomination procedures, and the Audit Committee of our Board of Directors is included in our Proxy Statement for the Annual Meeting of Shareholders to be held on May 19, 2020 (the “Proxy Statement”), under the captions “Election of Directors,” “Board of Directors and Corporate Governance,” and “Stock Ownership Information,” and are incorporated herein by reference. Information regarding our executive officers is located in Part I, “Other – Information about our Executive Officers” of this 2019 Form 10-K.
We adopted a Code of Ethics for all of our directors, officers and employees. A copy of our Code of Ethics is available at our website at www.viad.com/about-us/corporate-governance/documents-and-charters/default.aspx and is also available without charge to any shareholder upon written request to: Viad Corp, 1850 North Central Avenue, Suite 1900, Phoenix, Arizona 85004-4565, Attention: Corporate Secretary.
Item 11. EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION
Information in the Proxy Statement under the captions “Compensation Discussion and Analysis,” “Board of Directors and Corporate Governance,” and “Executive Compensation” is incorporated herein by reference.
Item 12. SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS AND MANAGEMENT AND RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS
Information in the Proxy Statement under the captions “Executive Compensation” and “Stock Ownership Information” is incorporated herein by reference.
Item 13. CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS, AND DIRECTOR INDEPENDENCE
Information in the Proxy Statement under the caption “Board of Directors and Corporate Governance” is incorporated herein by reference.
Item 14. PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTING FEES AND SERVICES
Information regarding principal accounting fees and services and the pre-approval policies and procedures for such fees and services, as adopted by the Audit Committee of the Board of Directors, is contained in the Proxy Statement under the caption “Ratification of the Selection of Deloitte & Touche LLP as Our Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm for 2020” and is incorporated herein by reference.
PART IV
Item 15. EXHIBITS AND FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULE
(a)	Financial Statements and Schedule	
See Index to Financial Statements and Financial Statement Schedule at Item 8 of this 2019 Form 10-K.
(b)	Exhibit Index	

88

 
 	 	 	 	 	 	Incorporated by Reference	
Exhibit
Number	 	 	 	Exhibit Description	 	Form	 	Period
Ending	 	Exhibit	 	Filing Date	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
2.A	 	 	 	Share Purchase Agreement, dated May 27, 2019, by and among Brewster Travel Canada Inc., Jas-Day Investments Ltd., and 2192449 Alberta Ltd.	 	8-K	 	 	 	2.1	 	5/30/2019	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
2.B	 	 	 	Share and Unit Purchase Agreement, dated May 27, 2019, by and among Brewster Travel Canada Inc., Jas-Day Investments Ltd., 2187582 Alberta Ltd., and The Sawridge Hotels Limited Partnership.	 	8-K	 	 	 	2.2	 	5/30/2019	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
3.A	 	 	 	Restated Certificate of Incorporation of Viad Corp, as amended through July 1, 2004 (SEC File No. 001-11015; SEC Film No. 04961107).	 	10-Q	 	6/30/2004	 	3.A	 	8/9/2004	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
3.B	 	 	 	Bylaws of Viad Corp, as amended through December 5, 2013.	 	8-K	 	 	 	3	 	12/9/2013	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
4. A1	 	 	 	$450,000,000 Second Amended and Restated Credit Agreement by and among Viad Corp, JP Morgan Chase Bank, N.A., as administrative agent, and the lenders party thereto, dated as of October 24, 2018.	 	8-K	 	 	 	4.1	 	10/25/2018	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
4.A2	 	 	 	Amendment No. 1, dated July 23, 2019, to the Second Amended and Restated Credit Agreement, Dated October 24, 2018, between Viad Corp and JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., as Lender, as LC Issuer, as Swing Line Lender, and as administrative agent, and other lenders party thereto.	 	8-K	 	 	 	4.A2	 	7/25/2019	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
4.B	 	*	 	Description of Viad Corp’s Securities	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
10.A1	 	+	 	2007 Viad Corp Omnibus Incentive Plan, filed as Appendix A to Viad Corp’s Proxy Statement for the 2012 Annual Meeting of Shareholders.	 	DEF 14A	 	 	 	 	 	4/13/2012	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
10.A2	 	+	 	Form of Restricted Stock Agreement - Executives, (three-year cliff vesting), effective as of March 26, 2014, pursuant to the 2007 Viad Corp Omnibus Incentive Plan.	 	8-K	 	 	 	10.A	 	3/28/2014	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
10.A3	 	+	 	Form of Restricted Stock Units Agreement, effective as of March 26, 2014, pursuant to the 2007 Viad Corp Omnibus Incentive Plan.	 	8-K	 	 	 	10.B	 	3/28/2014	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
10.A4	 	+	 	Form of Restricted Stock Agreement for Outside Directors, effective as of February 25, 2008, pursuant to the 2007 Viad Corp Omnibus Incentive Plan.	 	8-K	 	 	 	10.F	 	2/28/2008	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
10.A5	 	+	 	Form of Non-Qualified Stock Option Agreement, effective as of February 25, 2010, pursuant to the 2007 Viad Corp Omnibus Incentive Plan.	 	8-K	 	 	 	10.B	 	2/26/2010	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
10.A6	 	+	 	Form of Incentive Stock Option Agreement, effective as of February 25, 2010, pursuant to the 2007 Viad Corp Omnibus Incentive Plan.	 	8-K	 	 	 	10.A	 	2/26/2010	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
89

 	 	 	 	 	 	Incorporated by Reference	
Exhibit
Number	 	 	 	Exhibit Description	 	Form	 	Period
Ending	 	Exhibit	 	Filing Date	
10.A7	 	+	 	Viad Corp Performance Unit Incentive Plan, effective as of February 27, 2013, pursuant to the 2007 Viad Corp Omnibus Incentive Plan.	 	8-K	 	 	 	10.D	 	3/5/2013	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
10.A8	 	+	 	Amendment to the Viad Corp Performance Unit Incentive Plan, as amended February 27, 2013 pursuant to the 2007 Viad Corp Omnibus Incentive Plan, effective as of February 24, 2016.	 	8-K	 	 	 	10.B	 	3/1/2016	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
10.A9	 	+	 	Form of Performance Unit Agreement, effective as of March 26, 2014, pursuant to the 2007 Viad Corp Omnibus Incentive Plan.	 	8-K	 	 	 	10.C	 	3/28/2014	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
10.A10	 	+	 	Form of Performance Unit Agreement, effective as of February 24, 2016, pursuant to the 2007 Viad Corp Omnibus Incentive Plan.	 	8-K	 	 	 	10.A	 	3/1/2016	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
10.B1	 	+	 	2017 Viad Corp Omnibus Incentive Plan, effective as of May 18, 2017.	 	8-K	 	 	 	10.1	 	5/23/2017	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
10.B3	 	+	 	Form of Restricted Stock Units Agreement, effective as of May 18, 2017, pursuant to the 2017 Viad Corp Omnibus Incentive Plan.	 	8-K	 	 	 	10.4	 	5/23/2017	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
10.B4	 	+
 	 	Form of Management Incentive Plan (MIP) Administrative Guidelines, effective February 27, 2018, pursuant to the 2017 Viad Corp Omnibus Incentive Plan, effective as of May 18, 2017.	 	10-K	 	12/31/2017	 	10.B4	 	2/28/2018	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
10.B5	 	+
 	 	Form of Management Incentive Plan, effective as of February 27, 2018, pursuant to the 2017 Viad Corp Omnibus Incentive Plan, effective as of May 18, 2017.	 	10-K	 	12/31/2017	 	10.B5	 	2/28/2018	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
10.B6	 	 
 
+
 	 	Form of Performance Unit Incentive Plan (“PUP”) Administrative Guidelines, effective February 27, 2018, pursuant to the 2017 Viad Corp Omnibus Incentive Plan, effective as of May 18, 2017.	 	10-K	 	12/31/2017	 	10.B6	 	2/28/2018	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
10.B7	 	+
 	 	Form of 2017 Viad Corp Omnibus Incentive Plan Performance Unit Agreement, effective February 27, 2018, pursuant to the 2017 Viad Corp Omnibus Incentive Plan, effective as of May 18, 2017.	 	10-K	 	12/31/2017	 	10.B7	 	2/28/2018	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
10.B8	 	+
 	 	Form of Viad Corp Performance Unit Incentive Plan, effective as of February 27, 2018, pursuant to the 2017 Viad Corp Omnibus Incentive Plan, effective as of May 18, 2017.	 	10-K	 	12/31/2017	 	10.B8	 	2/28/2018	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
10.B9	 	+	 	Form of Restricted Stock Agreement – Non-Employee Directors, effective as of May 18, 2017, pursuant to the 2017 Viad Corp Omnibus Incentive Plan.	 	8-K	 	 	 	10.2	 	5/23/2017	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
10.B10	 	+
 	 	Form of Restricted Stock Agreement – Non-Employee Directors, effective as of February 27, 2018, pursuant to the 2017 Viad Corp Omnibus Incentive Plan.	  	10-K	 	12/31/2017	 	10.B10	 	2/28/2018	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
90

 	 	 	 	 	 	Incorporated by Reference	
Exhibit
Number	 	 	 	Exhibit Description	 	Form	 	Period
Ending	 	Exhibit	 	Filing Date	
10.C1	 	+	 	Forms of Viad Corp Executive Severance Plans (Tier I and II), amended and restated for Code Section 409A as of January 1, 2005.	 	8-K	 	 	 	10.B	 	8/29/2007	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
10.C2	 	+	 	Form of Viad Corp Executive Severance Plan (Tier I-2013) effective as February 27, 2013.	 	8-K	 	 	 	10.B	 	3/5/2013	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
10.C3	 	+	 	Amendment No. 1 to Viad Corp Executive Severance Plan (Tier I), effective as of February 26, 2014.	 	8-K	 	 	 	10	 	3/4/2014	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
10.C4	 	+	 	Severance Agreement (No Change in Control) between Viad Corp and Steven W. Moster, effective as of December 3, 2014.	 	8-K	 	 	 	10.B	 	12/5/2014	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
10.C5	 	+	 	Severance Agreement (No Change in Control) between Viad Corp and David W. Barry, effective as of April 22, 2015.	 	10-K	 	12/31/2015	 	10.H4	 	3/11/2016	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
10.C6	 	+	 	Severance Agreement and General Release between Viad Corp and Deborah J. DePaoli, effective as of November 29, 2017.	 	8-K/A	 	 	 	10.1	 	12/1/2017	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
10.E1	 	+	 	Viad Corp Supplemental Pension Plan, amended and restated as of January 1, 2005 for Code Section 409A.	 	8-K	 	 	 	10.A	 	8/29/2007	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
10.F1	 	+	 	Viad Corp Defined Contribution Supplemental Executive Retirement Plan, effective as of January 1, 2013.	 	8-K	 	 	 	10.E	 	3/5/2013	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
10.G1	 	+	 	Executive Officer Pay Continuation Policy adopted February 7, 2007.	 	8-K	 	 	 	10.A	 	2/13/2007	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
10.H1	 	+	 	Viad Corp Directors’ Matching Gift Program, effective as of February 18, 1999.	 	10-K	 	12/31/2018	 	10.H1	 	2/27/2019	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
10.I1	 	+	 	Form of Indemnification Agreement between Viad Corp and Directors of Viad Corp, as approved by Viad Corp stockholders on October 16, 1987.	 	10-K	 	12/31/2008	 	10.1	 	2/27/2009	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
10.J1	 	+	 	Summary of Compensation Program of Non-Employee Directors of Viad Corp, effective as of February 27, 2018.	 	10-Q	 	3/31/2018	 	10.J1	 	5/9/2018	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
21	 	*	 	List of Viad Corp Subsidiaries.	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
23	 	*	 	Consent of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm to the incorporation by reference into specified registration statements on Form S-8 of its report contained in this Annual Report.	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
24	 	*	 	Power of Attorney signed by Viad Corp Directors.	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
31.1	 	# *	 	Certification of Chief Executive Officer of Viad Corp pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
31.2	 	#*	 	Certification of Chief Financial Officer of Viad Corp pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
91

 	 	 	 	 	 	Incorporated by Reference	
Exhibit
Number	 	 	 	Exhibit Description	 	Form	 	Period
Ending	 	Exhibit	 	Filing Date	
32.1	 	#**	 	Certifications of Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer of Viad Corp pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
101.INS	 	***	 	XBRL Instance Document.	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
101.SCH	 	****	 	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document.	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
101.CAL	 	****	 	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document.	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
101.LAB	 	****	 	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document.	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
101.PRE	 	****	 	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document.	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
101.DEF	 	****	 	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document.	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
104	 	***	 	Cover Page Interactive Data File	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
*	Filed herewith.	
**	Furnished herewith.	
***	The XBRL Instance Document and Cover Page Interactive Data File do not appear in the Interactive Data File because their XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document.	
****	Submitted electronically herewith	
+	Management contract or compensation plan or arrangement.	
#	A signed original of this written statement has been provided to Viad Corp and will be retained by Viad Corp and furnished to the SEC upon request.	
Item 16. FORM 10-K SUMMARY
None.
 
92

VIAD CORP
SCHEDULE II – VALUATION AND QUALIFYING ACCOUNTS
 
 	 	 	 	 	 	Additions	 	 	Deductions	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
(in thousands)	 	Balance at Beginning of Year	 	 	Charged to
Expense	 	 	Charged to
Other Accounts	 	 	Write-Offs	 	 	Other(1)	 	 	Balance at End of Year	 	
Allowances for doubtful accounts:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
December 31, 2017	 	 	1,342	 	 	 	2,470	 	 	 	49	 	 	 	(1,529	)	 	 	(309	)	 	 	2,023	 	
December 31, 2018	 	 	2,023	 	 	 	414	 	 	 	39	 	 	 	(1,170	)	 	 	(18	)	 	 	1,288	 	
December 31, 2019	 	 	1,288	 	 	 	1,050	 	 	 	45	 	 	 	(1,182	)	 	 	(1	)	 	 	1,200	 	
Deferred tax valuation allowance:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
December 31, 2017	 	 	3,998	 	 	 	1,385	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	(1,595	)	 	 	222	 	 	 	4,010	 	
December 31, 2018	 	 	4,010	 	 	 	1,230	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	(1,851	)	 	 	(33	)	 	 	3,356	 	
December 31, 2019	 	 	3,356	 	 	 	884	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	36	 	 	 	4,276	 	
 
(1)	“Other” primarily includes foreign exchange translation adjustments.	
 
93

SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized, on February 26, 2020.
 
 	VIAD CORP	
 	 	 	
 	By:	/s/ Steven W. Moster	
 	 	Steven W. Moster	
 	 	President and Chief Executive Officer	
 
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this report has been signed below by the following persons on behalf of the registrant and in the capacities and on the dates indicated:

 	 	 	 	 	 	
 	 	 	Principal Executive Officer	
 	 	 	 	 	 	
Date:	February 26, 2020	 	By:	/s/ Steven W. Moster	
 	 	 	 	Steven W. Moster	
 	 	 	 	President and Chief Executive Officer, Director	
 	 	 	 	 	 	
 	 	 	Principal Financial Officer	
 	 	 	 	 	 	
Date:	February 26, 2020	 	By:	/s/ Ellen M. Ingersoll	
 	 	 	 	Ellen M. Ingersoll	
 	 	 	 	Chief Financial Officer	
 	 	 	 	 	 	
 	 	 	Principal Accounting Officer	
 	 	 	 	
Date:	February 26, 2020	 	By:	/s/ Leslie S. Striedel	
 	 	 	 	Leslie S. Striedel	
 	 	 	 	Chief Accounting Officer	
 	 	 	 	 	 	
 	 	 	Directors	
 	 	 	 	
 	 	 	Andrew B. Benett*
Denise M. Coll*	
 	 	 	Richard H. Dozer*	
 	 	 	Virginia L. Henkels*	
 	 	 	Edward E. Mace*	
 	 	 	Robert E. Munzenrider*	
 	 	 	Joshua E. Schechter*	
 	 	 	 	 	
Date:	February 26, 2020	 	By:	/s/ Ellen M. Ingersoll	
 	 	 	 	Ellen M. Ingersoll	
 	 	 	 	Attorney-in-Fact	
*	Pursuant to power of attorney filed as Exhibit 24 to this 2019 Form 10-K	

94

Exhibit 4B
 
DESCRIPTION OF THE REGISTRANT’S SECURITIES
REGISTERED PURSUANT TO SECTION 12 OF THE
SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
The following summary of the capital stock of Viad Corp. does not purport to be complete and is qualified in its entirety by reference to our restated certificate of incorporation (as amended, our “charter”), our bylaws (our “bylaws”, and together with our charter, our “organizational documents”), each of which are incorporated by reference as an exhibit to the Annual Report on Form 10-K of which this Exhibit is a part, and certain provisions of Delaware law. Unless the context requires otherwise, all references to “we”, “us,” “our” and “Viad” in this section refer solely to Viad Corp. and not to our subsidiaries.
General
Under our charter, our authorized capital stock consists of (i) 200,000,000 shares of common stock, $1.50 par value per share, (ii) 5,000,000 shares of preferred stock, $0.01 par value per share, (iii) 442,532 shares of Series $4.75 Preferred Stock, stated value of $100 per share, and (iv) 2,000,000 shares of Junior Participating Preferred Stock, par value $0.01 per share. As of January 31, 2020, there were 20,350,597 shares of Viad common stock outstanding and no shares of Viad preferred stock outstanding. All outstanding shares of Viad common stock are duly authorized, validly issued, fully paid and non-assessable.
Our common stock is listed on the New York Stock Exchange under the symbol “VVI.”
Common Stock
Voting Rights. All shares of our common stock have identical rights and privileges. Holders of common stock are entitled to one vote for each share held on all matters subject to a vote of stockholders, subject to the rights of holders of any outstanding preferred stock. Accordingly, holders of a majority of the shares of common stock entitled to vote in any election of directors may elect all of the directors standing for election, subject to the rights of holders of any outstanding preferred stock.
Dividend Rights. Our common stockholders are entitled to receive dividends and distributions declared by our board of directors, to the extent permitted by the terms of outstanding shares of preferred stock and by our charter If a dividend is declared, it will be distributed pro rata to our common stockholders, unless it is a dividend in kind.
Liquidation Rights. If Viad is liquidated or dissolved, our common stockholders will be entitled to receive our assets and funds available for distribution to common stockholders in proportion to the number of shares they hold. Our common stockholders may not receive any assets or funds until our creditors have been paid in full and any preferential or participating rights of our preferred stockholders have been satisfied.
Other. Holders of common stock have no preemptive, subscription, redemption or conversion rights. There are no redemption or sinking fund provisions applicable to the common stock.
Preferred Stock 
We are authorized to issue 5,000,000 shares of preferred stock, which may be issued from time to time in one or more series upon authorization by the board of directors. Our board of directors, without further approval of the stockholders, will be authorized to fix the designation of the series and number of shares within the series, as well as the dividend rights and terms, redemption rights and terms, liquidation preferences, conversion rights and terms, voting rights and terms and any other rights, preferences, privileges and restrictions applicable to each series of

preferred stock. The issuance of preferred stock, while providing flexibility in connection with possible acquisitions and other corporate purposes, could also adversely affect the voting power and dividend and liquidation rights of the holders of common stock. The issuance of preferred stock could also, under certain circumstances, have the effect of making it more difficult for a third party to acquire, or discouraging a third party from acquiring, a majority of our outstanding voting stock or otherwise adversely affect the market price of our common stock. It is not possible to state the actual effect of the issuance of any shares of preferred stock on the rights of holders of common stock until the board of directors determines the specific rights of that series of preferred stock.
You should refer to the certificate of designations establishing a particular series of preferred stock which will be filed with the Secretary of State of the State of Delaware and the Securities and Exchange Commission in connection with any offering of preferred stock.
 
Each prospectus relating to a series of preferred stock may describe material U.S. federal income tax considerations applicable to the purchase, holding and disposition of such series of preferred stock.
 
Series $4.75 Preferred Stock
 
Conversion. The shares of Series $4.75 Preferred Stock are not convertible into any other of our securities.
 
Voting Rights. We must obtain the approval of two-thirds of holders of the outstanding shares of Series $4.75 Preferred Stock in order to:
 
 	•	amend our charter;	
 
 	•	materially change the terms of the Series $4.75 Preferred Stock;	
 
 	•	issue any class or series of stock ranking prior to the Series $4.75 Preferred Stock with respect to dividend or liquidation rights;	
 
 	•	sell or lease all or substantially all of our property or business	
 
 	•	voluntarily liquidate or dissolve; or	
 
 	•	merge or consolidate with or into any other corporation unless the Series $4.75 Preferred Stock will remain outstanding and retain its seniority.	
 
We must obtain the approval of the holders of a majority of the outstanding shares of Series $4.75 Preferred Stock in order to issue stock ranking equal to the Series $4.75 Preferred Stock with respect to dividend or liquidation rights.
 
If we fail to pay dividends for six quarters, the holders of Series $4.75 Preferred Stock have the right to elect two directors to our board of directors who will serve until all dividend arrearages have been paid.
 
Dividend Rights. Each share of Series $4.75 Preferred Stock is entitled to cumulative annual dividends from the original issuance of $4.75 per share payable quarterly.
 
Liquidation Rights. Each share is entitled to a liquidation preference of $100 per share in the event of a voluntary liquidation and $101 per share in the event of an involuntary liquidation, plus, in each case, accrued but unpaid dividends.
 
Redemption and Sinking Fund. We may redeem the Series $4.75 Preferred Stock at any time, in whole or part, at a redemption price of $101 per share plus accrued but unpaid dividends. We are required to deposit into a sinking fund each year an amount sufficient to redeem 6,000 shares of Series $4.75 Preferred Stock. Alternatively, we may deposit shares of Series $4.75 Preferred Stock we acquire through repurchase or redemption in lieu of depositing the redemption amount. For this purpose, we may not deposit shares redeemed through the sinking fund. Each year we

are required to use all funds in the sinking fund to redeem Series $4.75 Preferred Stock. The shares redeemed are chosen by lot.
 
Junior Participating Preferred Stock
 
Conversion. The shares of Junior Participating Preferred Stock are not convertible into any other of our securities.
Voting Rights. Holders of Junior Participating Preferred Stock are entitled to 25 votes for each share held on all matters subject to a vote of stockholders, subject to the rights of holders of any outstanding senior preferred stock.
We must obtain the approval of the holders of at least two-thirds of the outstanding shares of Junior Participating Preferred Stock in order to amend the charter in any manner that would materially alter or change the powers, preferences or special rights of the Junior Participating Preferred Stock.
 
Dividend Rights. Each share of Junior Participating Preferred Stock is entitled to a minimum preferential quarterly dividend payment of $0.25 per share, but is entitled to an aggregate dividend of 25 times the dividend declared per share of common stock.
 
Liquidation Rights. Each share is entitled to a minimum liquidation preference of $25 per share, but is entitled to an aggregate payment of 25 times the payment made per share of common stock.
 
Consolidation / Merger Rights. In the event of any merger, consolidation or other transaction in which shares of common stock are exchanged, each share of Junior Participating Preferred Stock will be entitled to receive 25 times the amount received per share of common stock. These rights are protected by customary antidilution provisions.
 
No Redemption. The shares of Junior Participating Preferred Stock are not redeemable.
 
Provisions of the Certificate of Incorporation and Bylaws that May Have an Anti-Takeover Effect
 
Certain provisions in the charter and the bylaws, as well as Delaware General Corporation Law (the “DGCL”), may have the effect of discouraging transactions that involve an actual or threatened change in control of Viad. In addition, provisions of the charter, the bylaws and the DGCL may be deemed to have an anti-takeover effect and may delay, deter or prevent a tender offer or takeover attempt that a stockholder might consider to be in its best interests.
 
Special Meetings of Stockholders. A special meeting of stockholders may only be called by the chairman of the board or by a majority of the board of directors. No stockholder or other person may call any such special meeting.
 
No Written Consent of Stockholders. Any action taken by our stockholders must be effected at a duly held meeting of stockholders and may not be effected by the written consent of such stockholders.
 
Blank Check Preferred Stock. The charter contains provisions that permit our board of directors to issue, without any further vote or action by the stockholders, up to 5,000,000 shares of preferred stock in one or more series and, with respect to each such series, to fix the number of shares constituting the series and the designation of the series, the voting powers, if any, of the shares of the series, and the preferences and relative, participating, optional and other special rights, if any, and any qualifications, limitations or restrictions, of the shares of such series. Such provisions could have the effect of discouraging others from making tender offers or takeover attempts.
 
Advance Notice of Stockholder Action at a Meeting. Stockholders seeking to nominate directors or to bring business before a stockholder meeting must comply with certain timing requirements and submit certain information to us in advance of such meeting.
 
Business Combinations. We are subject to the provisions of Section 203 of the DGCL. Subject to certain exceptions, Section 203 prohibits a publicly held Delaware corporation from engaging in a business combination with an interested stockholder for a period of three years after the person becomes an interested stockholder, unless the interested stockholder attained such status with the approval of the corporation’s board of directors or the business combination is approved in a prescribed manner. A business combination includes, among other things, a merger or consolidation

involving the corporation and the interested stockholder and the sale of more than 10% of the corporation’s assets. In general, an interested stockholder is an entity or person beneficially owning 15% or more of the corporation’s outstanding voting stock and any entity or person affiliated with or controlling or controlled by such entity or person.
 
Elimination of Liability in Certain Circumstances
 
Our charter eliminates the liability of our directors to us or our stockholders for monetary damages resulting from breaches of their fiduciary duties as directors. Directors remain liable for breaches of their duty of loyalty to us or our stockholders, as well as for acts or omissions not in good faith or that involve intentional misconduct or a knowing violation of law, and transactions from which a director derives improper personal benefit. Our charter does not absolve directors of liability for payment of dividends or stock purchases or redemptions by us in violation of Section 174 (or any successor provision) of the DGCL.
 
The effect of this provision is to eliminate the personal liability of directors for monetary damages for actions involving a breach of their fiduciary duty of care, including any such actions involving gross negligence. We do not believe that this provision eliminates the liability of our directors to us or our stockholders for monetary damages under the federal securities laws. The charter and bylaws also provide indemnification for the benefit of our directors and officers to the fullest extent permitted by the DGCL as it may be amended from time to time, including most circumstances under which indemnification otherwise would be discretionary.
 
Transfer Agent and Registrar  
The transfer agent and registrar for our common stock is EQ Shareowner Services.

Exhibit 21
Viad Corp
Foreign and Domestic Subsidiaries
 
Company Name	Jurisdiction	
2121885 Alberta Ltd.	Canada	
2187587 Alberta Ltd.	Canada	
2195137 Alberta Ltd.	Canada	
Alaskan Park Properties, Inc.	Arizona	
Astonics Limited	United Kingdom	
Banff Hospitality Residence Ltd.	Canada	
Banff-Jasper Collection Holding Corp.	Canada	
Blitz Communications (Trustees) Limited	United Kingdom	
Blitz Communications Group Limited	United Kingdom	
Blitz Communications Limited	United Kingdom	
Blitz Vision Limited	United Kingdom	
Brewster Inc.	Canada	
Brewster Travel Canada Inc.	Canada	
CATC Alaska Tourism Corporation	Alaska	
David H. Gibson Company, Inc.	Texas	
Esja Attractions ehf.	Iceland	
ESR Exposition Service, Inc.	New Jersey	
ethnoMetrics Inc.	Delaware	
EXG, Inc.	Delaware	
Expo Accessories, Inc.	New York	
Expo Display & Design, Inc.	New Jersey	
Exposervice Polska Spzoo	Poland	
FlyOver Attractions, Inc.	Delaware	
FlyOver Canada, Inc.	Canada	
Flyover Iceland ehf.	Iceland	
FlyOver Las Vegas LLC	Delaware	
G E S Global Experience Specialists Carpentry L.L.C.	United Arab Emirates	
GES AV Services, Inc.	Delaware	
GES Canada Limited	Canada	
GES Event Intelligence AG	Switzerland	
GES Event Intelligence Ltd.	United Kingdom	
GES Event Intelligence Services Limited	United Kingdom	
GES Event Intelligence Services, Inc.	Delaware	
GES Global Experience Specialists Events L.L.C.	United Arab Emirates	
GES GmbH & Co. KG	Germany	
GES Service Companies Limited	United Kingdom	
GES Verwaltungs GmbH	Germany	
Glacier Park, Inc.	Arizona	
Global Experience Specialists (GES) Asia Limited	Hong Kong	
Global Experience Specialists (GES) Data Services Limited	United Kingdom	

Global Experience Specialists (GES) Exhibition Services L.L.C.	United Arab Emirates	
Global Experience Specialists (GES) Holdings Ltd.	United Kingdom	
Global Experience Specialists (GES) Limited	United Kingdom	
Global Experience Specialists, Inc.	Nevada	
Las Vegas Convention Service Co.	Nevada	
Melville Data Services Limited	United Kingdom	
Melville Exhibition and Event Services Limited	United Kingdom	
Melville Logistics GmbH	Germany	
N200 Holding B.V.	Netherlands	
N200.com B.V.	Netherlands	
ON Services - AV Specialists, Inc.	Delaware	
onPeak LLC	Delaware	
Poken's Transylvanian Outpost SRL	Romania	
Pursuit Collection, Inc.	Delaware	
Pursuit Investment Holdings, Inc.	Delaware	
Resource Creative Limited	United Kingdom	
SDD Exhibitions Limited	United Kingdom	
Shows Unlimited, Inc.	Nevada	
Telecast Communications (Audio Visual) Limited	United Kingdom	
TP Sound Services Limited	United Kingdom	
Tradeshow Convention Services Inc.	Washington	
Travel and Event Services, LLC	Delaware	
Viad Holding GmbH	Germany	
Viad Service Companies Limited	United Kingdom	
VREC, Inc.	Delaware	
Waterton Transport Company, Limited	Canada	

 

Exhibit 23
CONSENT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM
We consent to the incorporation by reference in Registration Statement Nos. 333-218682 and 333-145969 on Form S-8 of our reports dated February 26, 2020, relating to the consolidated financial statements and financial statement schedule of Viad Corp and subsidiaries, and the effectiveness of Viad Corp and subsidiaries’ internal control over financial reporting, appearing in this Annual Report on Form 10-K of Viad Corp for the year ended December 31, 2019.

/s/ Deloitte & Touche LLP	 	
 	
Phoenix, Arizona	
February 26, 2020	

Exhibit 24
Power of Attorney
KNOW ALL BY THESE PRESENTS, that each director whose signature appears below constitutes and appoints Steven W. Moster and Ellen M. Ingersoll, and each of them severally, his or her true and lawful attorneys-in-fact and agents, with full power of substitution and resubstitution, for him or her and in his or her name, place and stead, in any and all capacities, to sign the Form 10-K Annual Report of Viad Corp for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2019, and any and all amendments thereto, and to file the same, with all exhibits thereto, and other documents in connection therewith, with the Securities and Exchange Commission, granting unto said attorneys-in-fact and agents, and each of them, full power and authority to do and perform each and every act and thing requisite or necessary to be done in and about the premises, as fully to all intents and purposes as he or she might or could do in person, hereby ratifying and confirming all that said attorneys-in-fact and agents or any of them, or their or her substitutes or substitute, may lawfully do or cause to be done by virtue hereof.
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, this Power of Attorney has been signed on this 26th day of February 2020, by the following persons:

/s/ Andrew B. Benett	 	/s/ Edward E. Mace	
Andrew B. Benett	 	Edward E. Mace	
Director of Viad Corp	 	Director of Viad Corp	
 	 	 	
/s/ Denise M. Coll	 	/s/ Robert E. Munzenrider	
Denise M. Coll	 	Robert E. Munzenrider	
Director of Viad Corp	 	Director of Viad Corp	
 	 	 	
/s/ Richard H. Dozer	 	/s/ Joshua E. Schechter	
Richard H. Dozer	 	Joshua E. Schechter	
Director of Viad Corp	 	Director of Viad Corp	
 	 	 	
/s/ Virginia L. Henkels	 	 	
Virginia L. Henkels	 	 	
Director of Viad Corp	 	 	

Exhibit 31.1
CERTIFICATION
I, Steven W. Moster, certify that:
1.    I have reviewed this annual report on Form 10-K of Viad Corp;
2.    Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;
3.    Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;
4.    The registrant’s other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:
a)    Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;
b)    Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;
c)    Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and
d)    Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and
5.    The registrant’s other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):
a)    All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and
b)    Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.
 
Date: February 26, 2020	 	By: /s/ Steven W. Moster	
 	 	Steven W. Moster	
 	 	President and Chief Executive Officer	

Exhibit 31.2
CERTIFICATION
I, Ellen M. Ingersoll, certify that:
1.    I have reviewed this annual report on Form 10-K of Viad Corp;
2.    Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;
3.    Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;
4.    The registrant’s other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:
a)    Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;
b)    Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;
c)    Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and
d)    Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and
5.    The registrant’s other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):
a)    All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and
b)    Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.
 
Date: February 26, 2020	 	By: /s/ Ellen M. Ingersoll	
 	 	Ellen M. Ingersoll	
 	 	Chief Financial Officer	

Exhibit 32.1
Certifications of
Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer
Pursuant To 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, As Adopted Pursuant To Section 906 of the
Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
I, Steven W. Moster, Chief Executive Officer of Viad Corp, certify, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that Viad Corp’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2019, fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 and the information contained in Viad Corp’s Annual Report on Form 10-K fairly presents, in all material respects, Viad Corp’s financial condition and results of operations.

 	 	 	 	 	
Date:  February 26, 2020 	By: /s/ Steven W. Moster	
 	Steven W. Moster	
 	President and Chief Executive Officer	
 
I, Ellen M. Ingersoll, Chief Financial Officer of Viad Corp, certify, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that Viad Corp’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2019, fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 and the information contained in Viad Corp’s Annual Report on Form 10-K fairly presents, in all material respects, Viad Corp’s financial condition and results of operations.

 	 	 	 	 	
Date:  February 26, 2020	By: /s/ Ellen M. Ingersoll	
 	Ellen M. Ingersoll	
 	Chief Financial Officer