ROYAL GOLD INC, 10-K filed on 2/19/2026
Annual Report
v3.25.4
Cover - USD ($)
$ in Billions
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2025
Feb. 11, 2026
Jun. 30, 2025
Cover [Abstract]      
Document Type 10-K    
Document Annual Report true    
Document Period End Date Dec. 31, 2025    
Current Fiscal Year End Date --12-31    
Document Transition Report false    
Entity File Number 001-13357    
Entity Registrant Name Royal Gold, Inc    
Entity Incorporation, State or Country Code DE    
Entity Tax Identification Number 84-0835164    
Entity Address, Address Line One 1144 15th Street    
Entity Address, Address Line Two Suite 2500    
Entity Address, City or Town Denver    
Entity Address, State or Province CO    
Entity Address, Postal Zip Code 80202    
City Area Code 303    
Local Phone Number 573-1660    
Title of 12(b) Security Common Stock, $0.01 par value    
Trading Symbol RGLD    
Security Exchange Name NASDAQ    
Entity Well-known Seasoned Issuer Yes    
Entity Voluntary Filers No    
Entity Current Reporting Status Yes    
Entity Interactive Data Current Yes    
Entity Filer Category Large Accelerated Filer    
Entity Small Business false    
Entity Emerging Growth Company false    
ICFR Auditor Attestation Flag true    
Document Financial Statement Error Correction [Flag] false    
Entity Shell Company false    
Entity Public Float     $ 11.7
Entity Common Stock, Shares Outstanding   84,810,098  
Documents Incorporated by Reference
DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE
Certain information required by Items 10, 11, 12, 13, and 14 of Part III of Form 10-K is incorporated by reference from portions of Royal Gold’s definitive proxy statement relating to its 2026 annual meeting of stockholders to be filed within 120 days after December 31, 2025.
   
Amendment Flag false    
Document Fiscal Year Focus 2025    
Document Fiscal Period Focus FY    
Entity Central Index Key 0000085535    
v3.25.4
Audit Information
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2025
Audit Information [Abstract]  
Auditor Firm ID 42
Auditor Name Ernst & Young LLP
Auditor Location Denver, Colorado
v3.25.4
Consolidated Balance Sheets - USD ($)
$ in Thousands
Dec. 31, 2025
Dec. 31, 2024
ASSETS    
Cash and equivalents $ 233,719 $ 195,498
Royalty receivables 110,846 63,460
Income tax receivable 2,108 1,139
Stream inventory 25,883 12,973
Prepaid expenses and other 4,890 2,217
Total current assets 377,446 275,287
Stream and royalty interests, net (Note 5) 8,583,875 3,042,804
Equity method investment (Note 6) 300,854 0
Marketable securities (Note 7) 172,880 6
Other assets 102,469 74,033
Total assets 9,537,524 3,392,130
LIABILITIES    
Accounts payable 10,060 10,578
Dividends payable 40,186 29,611
Income tax payable 33,303 23,177
Other current liabilities 37,367 21,785
Total current liabilities 120,916 85,151
Debt (Note 8) 895,436 0
Deferred tax liabilities 1,190,672 132,308
Mount Milligan deferred liability (Note 10) 69,211 25,000
Other liabilities 55,942 18,465
Total liabilities 2,332,177 260,924
Commitments and contingencies (Note 19)
EQUITY    
Preferred stock, $.01 par value, 10,000,000 shares authorized; and 0 shares issued 0 0
Common stock, $.01 par value, 200,000,000 shares authorized; and 84,499,692 and 65,691,151 shares outstanding, respectively 845 657
Additional paid-in capital 5,928,123 2,228,311
Accumulated other comprehensive income 993 0
Accumulated earnings 1,227,169 889,989
Total Royal Gold stockholders’ equity 7,157,130 3,118,957
Non-controlling interests 48,217 12,249
Total equity 7,205,347 3,131,206
Total liabilities and equity $ 9,537,524 $ 3,392,130
v3.25.4
Consolidated Balance Sheets (Parenthetical) - $ / shares
Dec. 31, 2025
Dec. 31, 2024
Statement of Financial Position [Abstract]    
Preferred stock, par value (in dollars per share) $ 0.01 $ 0.01
Preferred stock, shares authorized (in shares) 10,000,000 10,000,000
Preferred stock, shares issued (in shares) 0 0
Common stock, par value (in dollars per share) $ 0.01 $ 0.01
Common stock, shares authorized (in shares) 200,000,000 200,000,000
Common stock, shares, issued (in shares) 84,499,692 65,691,151
Common stock, shares outstanding (in shares) 84,499,692 65,691,151
v3.25.4
Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income - USD ($)
$ in Thousands
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2025
Dec. 31, 2024
Dec. 31, 2023
Income Statement [Abstract]      
Revenue (Note 11) $ 1,030,471 $ 719,395 $ 605,717
Costs and expenses      
Cost of sales (excludes depreciation, depletion and amortization) 130,926 97,514 90,523
General and administrative 49,183 40,934 39,761
Production taxes 8,605 6,622 7,294
Depreciation, depletion and amortization 177,082 144,426 164,937
Acquisition related costs 26,508 0 0
Total costs and expenses 392,304 289,496 302,515
Operating income 638,167 429,899 303,202
Fair value changes in equity securities 327 (66) (147)
Loss on sale of marketable securities (50,017) 0 0
Interest and other income 14,411 6,008 9,952
Interest and other expense (29,022) (9,749) (30,867)
Income before income taxes 573,866 426,092 282,140
Income tax expense (Note 14) (102,290) (93,613) (42,008)
Net income 471,576 332,479 240,132
Net income attributable to non-controlling interests (5,295) (456) (692)
Net income attributable to Royal Gold common stockholders 466,281 332,023 239,440
Adjustments to comprehensive income, net of tax:      
Unrealized change in market value of available-for-sale debt securities 993 0 0
Comprehensive income 472,569 332,479 240,132
Comprehensive income attributable to non-controlling interests (5,295) (456) (692)
Comprehensive income attributable to Royal Gold stockholders $ 467,274 $ 332,023 $ 239,440
Net income per share attributable to Royal Gold common stockholders:      
Basic earnings per share (in dollars per share) $ 6.70 $ 5.04 $ 3.64
Basic weighted average shares outstanding (in shares) 69,424,381 65,662,185 65,613,002
Diluted earnings per share (in dollars per share) $ 6.69 $ 5.04 $ 3.63
Diluted weighted average shares outstanding (in shares) 69,560,911 65,776,834 65,739,110
Cash dividends declared per common share (in dollars per share) $ 1.825 $ 1.650 $ 1.525
v3.25.4
Consolidated Statements of Changes in Equity - USD ($)
$ in Thousands
Total
Common Shares
Additional Paid-In Capital
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income
Accumulated Earnings
Non-controlling Interests
Balance (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2022   65,592,597        
Balance at Dec. 31, 2022 $ 2,753,469 $ 656 $ 2,213,123 $ 0 $ 527,314 $ 12,376
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity            
Stock-based compensation and related share issuances (in shares)   39,163        
Stock-based compensation and related share issuances 7,916   7,916      
Distributions to non-controlling interests (644)         (644)
Net income 240,132       239,440 692
Dividends declared (100,232)       (100,232)  
Balance (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2023   65,631,760        
Balance at Dec. 31, 2023 2,900,641 $ 656 2,221,039 0 666,522 12,424
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity            
Stock-based compensation and related share issuances (in shares)   59,391        
Stock-based compensation and related share issuances 7,273 $ 1 7,272      
Distributions to non-controlling interests (631)         (631)
Net income 332,479       332,023 456
Dividends declared (108,556)       (108,556)  
Balance (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2024   65,691,151        
Balance at Dec. 31, 2024 3,131,206 $ 657 2,228,311 0 889,989 12,249
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity            
Acquisition of Sandstorm Gold Ltd (in shares)   18,567,092        
Acquisition of Sandstorm Gold Ltd. 3,716,958 $ 185 3,677,976     38,797
Sandstorm converted options exercises (in shares)   166,979        
Sandstorm converted options exercises 15,335 $ 2 15,333      
Stock-based compensation and related share issuances (in shares)   74,470        
Stock-based compensation and related share issuances 6,771 $ 1 6,770      
Other (267)   (267)      
Distributions to non-controlling interests (8,124)         (8,124)
Net income 471,576       466,281 5,295
Other comprehensive income 993     993    
Dividends declared (129,101)       (129,101)  
Balance (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2025   84,499,692        
Balance at Dec. 31, 2025 $ 7,205,347 $ 845 $ 5,928,123 $ 993 $ 1,227,169 $ 48,217
v3.25.4
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows - USD ($)
$ in Thousands
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2025
Dec. 31, 2024
Dec. 31, 2023
Cash flows from operating activities:      
Net income $ 471,576 $ 332,479 $ 240,132
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:      
Depreciation, depletion and amortization 177,082 144,426 164,937
Non-cash employee stock compensation expense 11,805 11,892 9,696
Fair value changes in equity securities (327) 66 147
Loss on marketable securities 50,017 0 0
Deferred tax (benefit) expense (3,926) 8,354 (6,469)
Other (5,302) 945 779
Changes in assets and liabilities:      
Royalty receivables (18,124) (14,577) 521
Stream inventory (11,740) (3,186) 2,868
Income tax receivable (969) 1,537 390
Prepaid expenses and other assets 1,335 11,168 (4,369)
Accounts payable (36,836) (9,113) 4,756
Income tax payable 10,761 7,620 (508)
Mount Milligan deferred liability 44,211 25,000 0
Other liabilities 15,283 12,892 2,912
Net cash provided by operating activities 704,846 529,503 415,792
Cash flows from investing activities:      
Sandstorm & Horizon acquisition, net of cash acquired (411,342) 0 0
Acquisition of stream and royalty interests (1,164,753) (102,564) (2,678)
Proceeds from the sale of the Versamet Shares and other securities 158,886 0 0
Cash calls for Hod Maden equity method investment (9,330) 0 0
Proceeds from Khoemacau debt facility 0 25,000 0
Proceeds from the sale of inventory - restricted 7,681 0 0
Other 299 (116) (151)
Net cash used in investing activities (1,418,559) (77,680) (2,829)
Cash flows from financing activities:      
Repayment of debt (375,000) (250,000) (325,000)
Borrowings from revolving credit facility 1,275,000 0 0
Net payments from issuance of common stock (5,032) (4,620) (1,383)
Net proceeds from Sandstorm option exercises 15,333 0 0
Horizon warrant payments (28,932) 0 0
Distributions to non-controlling interests (8,125) 0 0
Common stock dividends (118,525) (105,237) (98,567)
Other (2,785) (635) (2,432)
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities 751,934 (360,492) (427,382)
Net increase (decrease) in cash and equivalents 38,221 91,331 (14,419)
Cash and equivalents at beginning of period 195,498 104,167 118,586
Cash and equivalents at end of period $ 233,719 $ 195,498 $ 104,167
v3.25.4
THE COMPANY
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2025
THE COMPANY  
THE COMPANY THE COMPANY
Royal Gold, Inc. (“Royal Gold”, the “Company”, “we”, “us”, or “our”), together with its subsidiaries, is engaged in the business of acquiring and managing precious metals streams, royalties and similar interests. We seek to acquire existing stream and royalty interests or to finance projects that are in production or in the development (and exploration) stage in exchange for stream or royalty interests. A metal stream is a purchase agreement that provides, in exchange for an upfront deposit payment, the right to purchase all or a portion of one or more metals produced from a mine at a price determined for the life of the transaction by the purchase agreement. Royalties are non-operating interests in mining projects that provide the right to revenue or metals produced from the project after deducting specified costs, if any.
v3.25.4
SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES AND RECENTLY ADOPTED AND ISSUED ACCOUNTING PRONOUNCEMENTS
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2025
Accounting Policies [Abstract]  
SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES AND RECENTLY ADOPTED AND ISSUED ACCOUNTING PRONOUNCEMENTS SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES AND RECENTLY ADOPTED AND ISSUED ACCOUNTING PRONOUNCEMENTS
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
Use of Estimates
The preparation of our financial statements in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“U.S. GAAP”) requires us to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the dates of the financial statements, and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting periods. Actual results could differ significantly from those estimates.
We rely on mineral reserve and mineral resource estimates reported by the operators of properties on which we hold stream and royalty interests. These estimates and the underlying assumptions affect the potential impairments of long-lived assets and the ability to realize income tax benefits associated with deferred tax assets. These estimates and assumptions also affect the rate at which we recognize revenue or charge depreciation, depletion and amortization to earnings. On an ongoing basis, management evaluates these estimates and assumptions; however, actual amounts could differ from these estimates and assumptions. Differences between estimates and actual amounts are adjusted and recorded in the period that the actual amounts are known.
Basis of Consolidation and Non-controlling Interests
The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Royal Gold, Inc. and its majority owned or controlled subsidiaries. All intercompany accounts, transactions, income and expenses, and profits or losses have been eliminated on consolidation. The Company records non-controlling interest in its Consolidated Financial Statements for any non-wholly-owned consolidated subsidiary.
Business Combination and Asset Acquisition Accounting
Business combinations are accounted for using the acquisition method of accounting and the purchase price is allocated to the assets acquired and liabilities assumed based on their estimated fair values at the acquisition date. The fair value of the assets and liabilities acquired is measured using discounted cash flows and other applicable valuation techniques. Any acquisition related costs incurred by the Company are expenses as incurred. The operating results of an acquired business are included in our Consolidated Financial Statements from the date of acquisition. Refer to Note 3 for more detail on the Company's business combinations.

When an acquisition does not meet the definition of a business combination because either: (i) substantially all of the fair value of the gross assets acquired is concentrated in a single identifiable asset, or group of similar identified assets, or (ii) the acquired entity does not have an input and a substantive process that together significantly contribute to the ability to create outputs, the Company accounts for the acquisition as an asset acquisition. In an asset acquisition, the fair value of the net assets acquired is allocated on a relative fair value basis to the identifiable net assets as of the acquisition date and any direct acquisition related costs are capitalized as part of the purchase consideration. Refer to Note 4 for more detail on the Company's asset acquisitions.
Cash and Equivalents
Cash and equivalents consist of all cash balances and highly liquid investments with an original maturity of three months or less. Cash and equivalents were primarily held in cash deposit accounts as of December 31, 2025 and 2024.
Stream and Royalty Interests in Mineral Properties and Related Depletion
Stream and royalty interests include acquired stream and royalty interests in production, development and exploration stage properties. The costs of acquired stream and royalty interests are capitalized as tangible assets as such interests do not meet the definition of a financial asset.
Production stage stream and royalty interests are depleted using the units of production method over the life of the mineral property (as stream sales occur or royalty payments are recognized), which are estimated using proven and probable reserves as provided by the operator. Development stage mineral properties, which are not yet in production, are not depleted until the property begins production. Exploration stage mineral properties, where there are no proven and probable reserves, are not depleted. At such time as the associated exploration stage mineral interests are converted to proven and probable reserves, and there is no production, the mineral property becomes a development stage mineral property. Exploration costs are expensed when incurred.
Equity Method Investments

Investments and ownership interests are accounted for under equity method accounting if the Company has the ability to exercise significant influence, but does not have a controlling financial interest. The Company records its interest in the net losses of its equity method investee within Interest and other expense in the Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income. To the extent that there is a basis difference between the amount invested and the underlying equity in the net assets of an equity investment, the Company allocates such differences between tangible and intangible assets. The Company may elect the fair value option to account for its equity method investments if the fair value option better reflects the economics of its investment. Equity method investments accounted for under the fair value option are remeasured periodically with any changes in fair value recorded in Fair value changes in equity securities in the Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income.

Marketable Securities

Equity securities investments with readily determinable fair values (other than those accounted for under the equity method or those that result in consolidation of the investee) are measured at fair value and any changes in fair value are recognized in Fair value changes in equity securities in the Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income.

Debt securities are generally considered available-for-sale and are reported at fair value with unrealized gains and losses, net of applicable taxes, recorded in Accumulated other comprehensive loss in the Consolidated Balance Sheets.

The Company elects the fair value option when it believes that it best reflects the underlying economics of the investment. These investments may be valued using third-party pricing services at each reporting date with changes in fair value recorded as a component of Fair value changes in equity securities in the Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income.

Leases

In the normal course of business, the Company enters into contractual arrangements and evaluates whether such arrangements contain a lease. The Company assesses each contract identified as a lease to determine whether it should be classified as an operating or a finance lease. As of the reporting date, the Company does not have any leases classified as finance leases. Lease liabilities are initially measured at the present value of future lease payments, discounted using the Company’s incremental borrowing rate, as the rate implicit in the lease is not readily determinable. Corresponding right-of-use assets are recognized at the lease commencement date. The incremental borrowing rate represents the rate of interest the Company would incur to borrow, on a collateralized basis, over a similar term, an amount equal to the lease payments in a comparable economic environment. For operating leases, lease expense is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term. The lease liability is subsequently increased for interest and reduced for lease payments, while the related right-
of-use asset is amortized such that a single lease cost is recognized over the lease term. Lease components and non-lease components are accounted for separately based on their relative standalone prices.

Variable lease payments that do not depend on an index or a rate, including common area maintenance charges, property taxes, and other operating expenses, are not included in the measurement of lease liabilities and right-of-use assets and are recognized as lease expense in the period in which the obligation is incurred. Income from operating subleases, including variable sublease income, is recognized over the term of the sublease and presented as other income.
Asset Impairment
We evaluate long-lived assets for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the related carrying amounts of an asset or group of assets may not be recoverable. When impairment indicators are identified, the recoverability of the carrying value of stream and royalty interests in production and development stage mineral properties is evaluated based upon estimated future undiscounted net cash flows from each stream and royalty interest using estimates of proven and probable mineral reserves, mineral resources and other relevant information received from the operators. We evaluate the recoverability of the carrying value of royalty interests in exploration stage mineral properties in the event of significant decreases in the price of gold, silver, copper and other metals, and whenever new information regarding the mineral properties is obtained from the operator indicating that production will not likely occur or may be reduced in the future, thus potentially affecting the future recoverability of our stream or royalty interests. Impairments in the carrying value of each property are measured and recorded to the extent that the carrying value in each property exceeds its estimated fair value, which is generally calculated using estimated future discounted cash flows.
Estimates of gold, silver, copper, and other metal prices, and operators’ estimates of proven and probable mineral reserves or mineral resources related to our stream or royalty properties are subject to certain risks and uncertainties which may affect the recoverability of our investment in these stream and royalty interests in mineral properties. It is possible that changes could occur to these estimates, which could adversely affect the net cash flows expected to be generated from these stream and royalty interests.
Revenue
A performance obligation is a promise in a contract to transfer control of a distinct good or service (or integrated package of goods and/or services) to a customer. A contract’s transaction price is allocated to each distinct performance obligation and recognized as revenue when, or as, a performance obligation is satisfied. In accordance with this guidance, revenue attributable to our stream and royalty interests is generally recognized at the point in time that control of the related metal production transfers to our customers. For royalty interests, the transfer of control generally occurs when the mine operator of the property over which the royalty interest is held, delivers the commodity to the customer The amount of revenue we recognize further reflects the consideration to which we are entitled under the respective stream or royalty agreement. A more detailed summary of our revenue recognition policies for our stream and royalty interests is discussed in Note 11.
Metal Sales
Gold, silver and copper received under our metal stream agreements are taken into inventory, and then sold primarily using average spot rate gold, silver and copper forward contracts. The sales price for these average spot rate forward contracts is determined by the average daily gold, silver or copper spot prices during the term of the contract, typically a consecutive number of trading days between ten days and three months (typically depending on the frequency of deliveries under the respective stream agreement and our sales activity in effect at the time) commencing shortly after receipt and purchase of the metal. Revenue from gold, silver and copper sales is recognized on the date of the settlement, which is also the date that title to the metal passes to the purchaser.
Cost of Sales
Cost of sales, which excludes depreciation, depletion and amortization, is specific to our stream agreements and is the result of our purchase of gold, silver and copper for a cash payment. The cash payment for gold from Mount Milligan is the lesser of $435 per ounce or the prevailing market price of gold when purchased, while the cash payment for our other streams is a set contractual percentage of the gold, silver, copper and zinc spot price near the date of metal delivery.
Production Taxes
Certain royalty payments are subject to production taxes (or mining proceeds taxes), which are recognized at the time of revenue recognition. Production taxes are not income taxes and are included within the costs and expenses section in our consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income.
Stock-Based Compensation
We recognize all share-based payments to employees in our financial statements based upon their fair values.
Income Taxes
Our annual tax rate is based on income, statutory tax rates in effect, and tax planning opportunities available to us in the various jurisdictions in which we operate. Significant judgment is required in determining the annual tax expense, current tax assets and liabilities, deferred tax assets and liabilities, and our future taxable income, both as a whole and in various tax jurisdictions, for purposes of assessing our ability to realize future benefit from our deferred tax assets. Actual income taxes could vary from these estimates due to future changes in income tax law, significant changes in the jurisdictions in which we operate or unpredicted results from the final determination of each year’s liability by taxing authorities.
We treat global intangible low-taxed income (“GILTI”) as a period cost and therefore do not record deferred tax impacts of GILTI in our consolidated financial statements. Our deferred income taxes reflect the impact of temporary differences between the reported amounts of assets and liabilities for financial reporting purposes and such amounts measured by tax laws and regulations. In evaluating the realizability of the deferred tax assets, management considers both positive and negative evidence that may exist, such as earnings history, reversal of taxable temporary differences, forecasted operating earnings and available tax planning strategies in each tax jurisdiction. A valuation allowance may be established to reduce our deferred tax assets to the amount that is considered more likely than not to be realized through the generation of future taxable income and other tax planning strategies.
Our operations may involve dealing with uncertainties and judgments in the application of complex tax regulations in multiple jurisdictions. The final taxes paid are dependent upon many factors, including negotiations with taxing authorities in various jurisdictions and resolution of disputes arising from federal, state, and international tax audits. We recognize potential liabilities and record tax liabilities for anticipated tax audit issues in the United States and other tax jurisdictions based on our estimate of whether, and the extent to which, additional taxes will be due. We adjust these reserves in light of changing facts and circumstances, such as the progress of a tax audit; however, due to the complexity of some of these uncertainties, the ultimate resolution could result in a payment that is materially different from our current estimate of the tax liabilities. These differences will be reflected as increases or decreases to income tax expense in the period which they are determined. We recognize interest and penalties, if any, related to unrecognized tax benefits in income tax expense.
Earnings per Share
Basic earnings per share is computed by dividing net income available to Royal Gold common stockholders by the weighted average number of outstanding common shares for the period, considering the effect of participating securities. Diluted earnings per share reflect the potential dilution that could occur if securities or other contracts that may require issuance of common shares were converted. Diluted earnings per share is computed by dividing net income available to common stockholders by the diluted weighted average number of common shares outstanding during each period.
Reclassification
Certain amounts and disclosures in prior years have been reclassified to conform to the 2025 presentation.
New Accounting Standards
Recently Adopted Accounting Standards
In December 2023, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) No. 2023-09 “Income Taxes (Topic 740): Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures” to expand the disclosure
requirements for income taxes, specifically related to the rate reconciliation and income taxes paid. ASU 2023-09 is effective for our annual periods beginning January 1, 2025, with early adoption permitted. We adopted this guidance retrospectively for the periods ending December 31, 2025, 2024 and 2023. The changes are reflected in the tax footnote with no impacts to our financial condition or results of operations. See Note 14 for more detail.
In November 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-07 “Segment Reporting (Topic 280): Improvements to Reportable Segment Disclosures” which expands annual and interim disclosure requirements for reportable segments, primarily through enhanced disclosures about significant segment expenses. ASU 2023-07 is effective for our annual periods beginning January 1, 2024, and for interim periods beginning January 1, 2025, with early adoption permitted. We adopted this guidance prospectively for the period ending December 31, 2025, and it only impacted our disclosures with no impacts to our financial condition or results of operations. See Note 18 for more detail.
Recently Issued Accounting Standards
In November 2024, the FASB issued ASU No. 2024-03, Income Statement - Reporting Comprehensive Income - Expense Disaggregation Disclosures (Subtopic 220-40): Disaggregation of Income Statement Expenses. This ASU requires an entity to disclose the amounts of purchases of inventory, employee compensation, depreciation, and intangible asset amortization included in each relevant expense caption. It also requires an entity to include certain amounts that are already required to be disclosed under current GAAP in the same disclosure. Additionally, it requires an entity to disclose a qualitative description of the amounts remaining in relevant expense captions that are not separately disaggregated quantitatively, and to disclose the total amount of selling expenses and, in annual reporting periods, an entity’s definition of selling expenses. The amendments in the ASU are effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2026 and interim reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2027, with early adoption permitted. We are currently evaluating the potential effect that the updated standard will have on our financial statement disclosures.
v3.25.4
Acquisition of Sandstorm Gold and Horizon Copper
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2025
Business Combination [Abstract]  
Acquisition of Sandstorm Gold and Horizon Copper Acquisition of Sandstorm Gold and Horizon Copper
On October 20, 2025, we acquired all of the issued and outstanding common shares of Sandstorm Gold Ltd. (“Sandstorm”) and Horizon Copper Corp. (“Horizon”), collectively referred to as “the Transaction.” Sandstorm and Horizon were global resource-based companies based in Vancouver, British Columbia, that held interests in mining assets, including royalty and stream interests, on mining projects across various stages of development.
With respect to the Transaction, Royal Gold issued 18.6 million shares of common stock to Sandstorm shareholders and assumed stock options exercisable for 0.7 million shares of common stock to complete the transaction and paid $380.9 million in cash to fully repay the outstanding balance drawn on the Sandstorm credit facility. Upon completion of the Transaction, Royal Gold's outstanding share count increased to 84.5 million shares. Royal Gold paid C$127.1 million ($90.4 million) in cash consideration to the shareholders of Horizon (excluding Sandstorm) and funded Horizon's purchase of its outstanding warrants for C$40.6 million ($28.9 million). For the year ended December 31, 2025, Royal Gold incurred approximately $26.5 million of acquisition costs related to the Transaction which are included in Acquisition related costs on our consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income and were recognized separately from the purchase price of the Transaction.

We accounted for the Transaction according to Accounting Standards Codification 805, Business Combinations, and accounted for the Transaction as a single business combination. In accordance with the acquisition method of accounting, the purchase price of the Transaction has been allocated to the acquired assets and assumed liabilities based on their estimated acquisition date fair values. The fair value estimates were based on income and market valuation methods. As of December 31, 2025, the Company had not yet completed the allocation of the purchase price to the assets acquired and liabilities assumed. The purchase price allocation is based on preliminary information and is subject to change within the measurement period (up to one year from the acquisition date) as additional information concerning final asset and liability valuations is obtained. The effect of any measurement period adjustments to the estimated fair values will be reflected in future updates to our purchase price allocation.
The total purchase price of $4.148 billion has been allocated to the net assets acquired based on their respective fair values as follows:
(in thousands)
Cash$60,024 
Royalty receivables
35,374 
Income tax receivable
1,232 
Prepaid expenses and other
1,170 
Stream and royalty interests4,561,177 
Equity method investment
292,089 
Marketable securities
380,269 
Other assets57,125 
Accounts payable
(51,913)
Other current liabilities
(28,932)
Deferred tax liabilities(1,076,909)
Other liabilities(43,754)
Non-controlling interests
(38,797)
Total allocated purchase price$4,148,155 
Our consolidated financial statements include the results of the Transaction from the date of acquisition, October 20, 2025. The following unaudited pro forma information is presented as if the Transaction had been completed as of the beginning of the periods presented. The pro forma results are not necessarily indicative of what would have been achieved had the Transaction been in effect for the periods presented.
Years Ended
December 31, 2025December 31, 2024
(unaudited, in thousands)
Revenue$1,209 $904 
Net income available to Royal Gold common stockholders$444 $362 

For the period October 20, 2025, through December 31, 2025, approximately $49.2 million of revenue was recorded on our consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income related to streams and royalties acquired in the Transaction. Net income attributable to Royal Gold common stockholders included approximately $26.5 million in acquisition costs related to the Transaction.
v3.25.4
STREAM AND ROYALTY ACQUISITIONS
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2025
Business Combination, Asset Acquisition, Transaction between Entities under Common Control, and Joint Venture Formation [Abstract]  
STREAM AND ROYALTY ACQUISITIONS STREAM AND ROYALTY ACQUISITIONS
Kansanshi Stream
On August 5, 2025, our wholly owned subsidiary, RGLD Gold AG (“RGLD Gold”) entered into a precious metals purchase agreement for gold deliveries referenced to copper production from the Kansanshi copper-gold mine in the North Western Province of Zambia, operated and 80% owned by a subsidiary of First Quantum Minerals Ltd. (“First Quantum”).
RGLD Gold made an advance payment of $1.0 billion (“Advance”) in return for a gold stream referenced to copper production, with deliveries of 75 ounces of gold per million pounds of recovered copper produced until the delivery of 425,000 ounces; 55 ounces of gold per million pounds of recovered copper produced between the delivery of 425,001 ounces and 650,000 ounces; and 45 ounces of gold per million pounds of recovered copper produced thereafter. Additionally, and depending on the achievement of certain objectives as described below, RGLD Gold has granted options to First Quantum to accelerate stream deliveries and reduce the outstanding Advance:
i.Acceleration Option 1: From the earlier of the achievements by First Quantum of a minimum ‘BB’ or equivalent senior unsecured debt rating from a rating agency, or a Net Debt/TTM EBITDA ratio of 2.25x or less over three consecutive quarters starting from March 31, 2026, it will have a one-year period to exercise the option and deliver gold worth up to $200 million over a 14-month period from the date of option exercise and reduce the stream rates and delivery thresholds by up to 20%.
ii.Acceleration Option 2: If First Quantum achieves either a minimum ‘BBB-’ or equivalent senior unsecured debt rating from a rating agency, or shows a Net Debt/TTM EBITDA ratio of 1.25x or less, over four consecutive quarters and achieves certain operational conditions, it will have a one-year period to exercise the option and deliver gold worth up to $100 million over a 7-month period from the date of option exercise and reduce the stream rates and delivery thresholds by up to a further 10%.
RGLD Gold will pay 20% of the spot gold price for each ounce delivered. Should one of the conditions in Acceleration Option 1 be met, RGLD Gold will pay 35% of the spot gold price for each ounce delivered.
The stream acquisition was accounted for as an asset acquisition and recorded as a producing stage stream interest (Note 5) within Stream and royalty interests, net on our consolidated balance sheets. The acquisition was funded with available cash and a draw of $825.0 million on our revolving credit facility (Note 8).
Warintza Project Stream and Royalty
On May 21, 2025, RGLD Gold entered into a gold purchase agreement (“Gold Stream Agreement”) with Solaris Resources Inc., and a separate net smelter return (“NSR”) royalty agreement (“Royalty Agreement”) covering all metals with Solaris Resources AG, a wholly owned subsidiary of Solaris Resources, Inc. (collectively, “Solaris”) for metals produced from the Warintza Project (“Warintza”) located in Southeastern Ecuador. The advance payment for the acquisition totaled $200.0 million in cash consideration, including $100.0 million paid upon closing, $50.0 million payable after technical approval of the environmental impact assessment and publication of a pre-feasibility study for the project, which are expected to be completed in the first quarter of 2026, and $50.0 million payable one year after closing, subject to certain conditions including registration of security in Ecuador. The $100.0 million cash consideration paid at closing was funded with available cash on hand.
Gold Stream Agreement
Deliveries under the Gold Stream Agreement will be in an amount equal to 20 ounces of gold per million pounds of recovered copper in return for a cash payment for each ounce delivered of 20% of the spot gold price until the delivery of 90,000 ounces, and 60% of the spot gold price thereafter. The Gold Stream Agreement may be terminated with the full return of the advance payment at the option of RGLD Gold or Solaris if a change of control of Solaris or Warintza occurs, or by RGLD Gold if deliveries have not begun by May 21, 2033. The area of interest for the Gold Stream Agreement covers approximately 31 square kilometers, and will expand to 186 square kilometers if the termination provisions have not been exercised and the first delivery has not been received by May 21, 2033.
Royalty Agreement
RGLD Gold received a 0.30% NSR royalty for all metals produced from an area of interest of approximately 186 square kilometers. The NSR rate will increase by 0.0375% per year until the earlier to occur of the first delivery under the Gold Stream Agreement or May 21, 2033, to a maximum of 0.60% NSR. If the Gold Stream Agreement is terminated for any of the events referenced above, the NSR rate will be the rate in place at the time of exercise if the termination is exercised by RGLD Gold, or 0.60% if the termination is exercised by Solaris. The area of interest will reduce to approximately 31 square kilometers if the termination is exercised by RGLD Gold.
The Royalty Agreement and the Stream Agreement have been accounted for as asset acquisitions and are recorded as development stage royalty and stream interests (Note 5) within Stream and royalty interests, net on our consolidated balance sheets.
Lawyers-Ranch Project Royalty
On May 16, 2025, we acquired a 2.0% NSR royalty on the Ranch portion of the Lawyers-Ranch Project operated by Thesis Gold Inc. from a private seller for cash consideration of $12.5 million. The royalty has been accounted for as an asset
acquisition and recorded as an exploration stage royalty interest (Note 5) within Stream and royalty interests, net on our consolidated balance sheets. The purchase price was funded with available cash on hand.
Additional Xavantina Stream
On March 28, 2025, RGLD Gold entered into an additional precious metals purchase agreement (“Additional Stream”) with Ero Gold Corporation, a wholly owned subsidiary of Ero Copper Corporation, and certain of its affiliates for gold produced from the Xavantina mine for an advance payment of $50.0 million. The Additional Stream is incremental to the existing precious metals purchase agreement between the parties dated June 29, 2021 (“Base Stream”), and significantly extends the area of interest.
As of December 31, 2025, 54,900 ounces of gold have been delivered under the Base Stream and Additional Stream at a cash purchase price of 20% of the spot gold price for the first 49,000 ounces delivered, and 40% of the spot gold price for each ounce delivered over the 49,000 ounces. When considered with the Base Stream, the Additional Stream effectively increases the threshold for stream deliveries at the current 25% stream rate from 93,000 ounces to 160,000 ounces, with the additional deliveries to be payable at a cash price of 40% of the spot gold price.
The Additional Stream has been accounted for as an asset acquisition. The $50.0 million advance payment, plus direct acquisition costs, have been recorded as an exploration stage stream interest (Note 5) within Stream and royalty interests, net on our consolidated balance sheets. The purchase price was funded with available cash on hand.
v3.25.4
STREAM AND ROYALTY INTERESTS, NET
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2025
STREAM AND ROYALTY INTERESTS, NET  
STREAM AND ROYALTY INTERESTS, NET STREAM AND ROYALTY INTERESTS, NET
The following summarizes our stream and royalty interests as of December 31, 2025 and 2024:
As of December 31, 2025 (Amounts in thousands):CostAccumulated DepletionNet
Production stage interests:
Streams$4,190,864 $(1,359,206)$2,831,658 
Royalties2,319,553 (760,108)1,559,445 
Total production stage interests6,510,417 (2,119,314)4,391,103 
Development stage interests:
Streams936,726 — 936,726 
Royalties581,746 — 581,746 
Total development stage interests1,518,472 — 1,518,472 
Exploration stage interests:
Streams776,358 — 776,358 
Royalties1,897,942 — 1,897,942 
Total exploration stage interests2,674,300 — 2,674,300 
Total stream and royalty interests, net$10,703,189 $(2,119,314)$8,583,875 
As of December 31, 2024 (Amounts in thousands):CostAccumulated DepletionNet
Production stage interests:
Streams$2,472,689 $(1,246,349)$1,226,340 
Royalties1,294,424 (696,357)598,067 
Total production stage interests3,767,113 (1,942,706)1,824,407 
Development stage interests:
Streams12,038 — 12,038 
Royalties154,349 — 154,349 
Total development stage interests166,387 — 166,387 
Exploration stage interests:
Streams14,792 — 14,792 
Royalties1,037,218 — 1,037,218 
Total exploration stage interests1,052,010 — 1,052,010 
Total stream and royalty interests, net$4,985,510 $(1,942,706)$3,042,804 
v3.25.4
EQUITY METHOD INVESTMENT
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2025
Equity Method Investments and Joint Ventures [Abstract]  
EQUITY METHOD INVESTMENT EQUITY METHOD INVESTMENT
Hod Maden Interest
As a result of the Transaction, the Company has a 30% equity interest in Artmin Madencilik Sanayi ve Ticaret A.S (“Artmin”), a privately held company incorporated in Türkiye which owns the Hod Maden project. At December 31, 2025, the carrying value of the Hod Maden equity investment was $249.5 million and is included in Equity method investment on the consolidated balance sheets.
The Company applies the equity method to investments when it has the ability to exercise significant influence over the operating and financial policies of the investee. The Company's share of the investee's losses is included in Interest and other expense in the consolidated statement of operations.
Loan to Associate
As of December 31, 2025, the Company advanced $51.4 million of shareholder loans to Artmin to fund the Company's share of cash calls for ongoing development costs at Hod Maden. The loans bear interest at 4% plus the credit default swap rate of Türkiye at the start of each quarterly period and have five-year terms. At December 31, 2025, the carrying value of the loans is included in Equity method investment on the consolidated balance sheets.
v3.25.4
MARKETABLE SECURITIES
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2025
Investments, Debt and Equity Securities [Abstract]  
MARKETABLE SECURITIES MARKETABLE SECURITIES
The Company's marketable securities consist of the following (amounts in thousands):
Fair Value
December 31, 2025December 31, 2024
Available-for-sale equity securities(1)
$120,814 $
Available-for-sale debt securities(2)
52,066 — 
Total marketable securities$172,880 $
_______________________________________________
(1) Fair value adjustment recorded within net income.
(2) Fair value adjustment recorded within other comprehensive income.

Available-for-sale Equity Securities

Entrée Resources Ltd.
As a result of the Transaction (Note 3), the Company became the registered and beneficial holder of 50,297,717 Entrée Resources Ltd. (“Entrée”) shares, representing approximately 24% of the issued and outstanding Entrée common shares on an undiluted basis. Entrée is a public Canadian mining company with a carried joint venture interest in the Hugo North Extension and Heruga deposits located in Mongolia. At acquisition, the Company elected the fair value option to account for the Entrée equity securities because it best reflects the underlying economics of the investment. At December 31, 2025, the carrying value of the Entrée shares was $76.7 million and is included in available-for-sale equity securities.
Versamet Royalties Corporation
Also as a result of the Transaction (Note 3), the Company became the registered and beneficial holder of 23,654,545 Versamet Royalties Corporation (“Versamet”) shares, representing approximately 25% of the issued and outstanding Versamet common shares on an undiluted basis, as a result of the Transaction. At acquisition, the Company elected the fair value option to account for the Versamet equity securities because it best reflects the underlying economics of the investment. On November 17, 2025, the Company entered into purchase and sale agreements with each of Tether Investments, S.A. de C.V. (“Tether”) and Nemesia S.à.r.l (“Nemesia”) pursuant to which the Company agreed to sell 11,827,273 common shares of Versamet to Tether and 11,827,272 common shares of Versamet to Nemesia at a price of C$8.75 per common share, for aggregate consideration of C$207.0 million ($147.4 million). These sales represented all of the Company's Versamet shares, and upon closing of the sales, the Company ceased to have any beneficial ownership of, or control and direction over, any Versamet shares. The Company recognized a loss of $48.0 million on the sale of the Versamet shares, which is included in Loss on sale of marketable securities in the consolidated statement of operations, and has zero carrying value as of December 31, 2025.

Available-for-sale Debt Securities

Bear Creek Convertible Debt Securities
As a result of the Transaction, the Company acquired convertible debentures with total principal of $49.5 million which are convertible into Bear Creek common shares at a strike price of C$0.73 per share. The debentures bear interest at 7% and mature in September 2028. At December 31, 2025, the carrying value of the debentures was $52.1 million and is included in available-for-sale debt securities.

On December 19, 2025, we entered into agreements with Bear Creek to restructure equity, debt and other interests in Bear Creek and its assets in return for increased royalty exposure to Bear Creek's Corani and Mercedes projects, cash and shares in Highlander Silver Corp. (“Highlander”). This restructuring helped facilitate an agreement between Highlander and Bear Creek to combine their businesses, which is expected to close in the first quarter of 2026.
v3.25.4
DEBT
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2025
Debt Disclosure [Abstract]  
DEBT DEBT
The Company’s debt for the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024, consists of the following (amounts in thousands):
As of December 31, 2025As of December 31, 2024
PrincipalDebt Issuance Costs Total Principal
Debt Issuance Costs(1)
Total
Revolving credit facility$900,000 $(4,564)$895,436 $— $— $— 
Total debt$900,000 $(4,564)$895,436 $— $— $— 
_______________________________________________
(1)Debt issuance costs of $3.1 million are included within Other assets on our consolidated balance sheets.
Revolving Credit Facility
On June 26, 2025, we entered into a sixth amendment to our revolving credit facility dated June 2, 2017, as amended. The amendment extended the maturity date from June 28, 2028, to June 30, 2030, increased the size of the accordion feature from $250.0 million to $400.0 million and revised the leverage ratio required to be less than or equal to 4.00:1.00 at all times, rather than 4.00:1.00 for only the two fiscal quarters following the consummation of a material permitted acquisition (as defined) and 3.50:1.00 at all other times.
In July 2025, we notified the members of the credit syndication group of our exercise of the accordion feature and received commitments from the group for the full $400.0 million of increased capacity. On August 5, 2025, we closed on the accordion feature with our credit syndication group, bringing our total committed revolving credit facility to $1.4 billion.
During the year ended December 31, 2025, we borrowed $1.275 billion under our revolving credit facility to acquire the Kansanshi gold stream (Note 4) and for the acquisition of Sandstorm Gold Ltd. and Horizon Copper (Note 3). We repaid $375 million during the fourth quarter of 2025 and had $900 million outstanding and $500.0 million available under our revolving credit facility as of December 31, 2025.
Interest expense recognized on the revolving credit facility for the years ended December 31, 2025, 2024 and 2023 was approximately $23.4 million, $6.3 million and $28.4 million, respectively, and includes interest on outstanding borrowings and amortization of the debt issuance costs. We were in compliance with each financial covenant (leverage ratio and interest coverage ratio) under our revolving credit facility as of December 31, 2025.
In January and February 2026, we repaid $75 million and $100 million, respectively, under our revolving credit facility, resulting in $725 million outstanding and $675 million available under our revolving credit facility as of the date of this report.
We may repay borrowings under our revolving credit facility at any time without premium or penalty. The interest rate on borrowings under our credit facility as of December 31, 2025, was SOFR plus 1.20% for an all-in rate of 5.1%.
v3.25.4
LEASES
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2025
Leases [Abstract]  
LEASES LEASES
Our significant lease arrangements relate to our office spaces. These arrangements are for leases of assets such as corporate office space and office equipment. We lease office space and office equipment under operating leases expiring at various dates between 2028 and 2039. In connection with the Transaction, we recognized lease liabilities of $32.9 million, measured using our incremental borrowing rate, and corresponding right-of-use assets of $30.7 million related to acquired office space leases.

Certain office lease agreements include options to extend the lease for up to ten years. Office lease extension periods are not included in the lease terms used to calculate the lease liabilities and right-of-use assets. The Company's leases do not generally include options to terminate the lease prior to the end of the lease term. Variable lease payments, such as common area maintenance charges, property taxes, and other operating expenses, are recognized as lease expense in the
period in which the obligation is incurred. The following amounts were recorded in the consolidated balance sheets as of December 31, 2025 and 2024 (amounts in thousands):
ClassificationDecember 31, 2025December 31, 2024
Operating Leases
Right-of-use assets - non-currentOther assets33,757 4,318 
Lease liabilities - currentOther current liabilities$4,246 $965 
Lease liabilities - non-currentOther long-term liabilities32,964 4,003 
Total operating lease liabilities$37,210 $4,968 
Total operating lease expense, included in general and administrative expenses, was $2.0 million in 2025, $1.0 million in 2024 and $1.0 million in 2023.
Maturities of operating lease liabilities at December 31, 2025 were as follows (amounts in thousands):
Fiscal Years:Operating Leases
2026$4,488 
20274,739 
20284,557 
20294,538 
20304,224 
Thereafter25,306 
Total lease payments$47,852 
Less imputed interest(10,642)
Total$37,210 
Other information pertaining to lease liabilities consists of the following:
December 31, 2025December 31, 2024
Operating Lease Term and Discount Rate
Weighted average remaining lease term in years10.85.1
Weighted average discount rate4.5%2.7%
We did not have any finance leases as of December 31, 2025.
In connection with the Transaction, we assumed operating subleases associated with certain acquired leases related to office space. Income from operating subleases is recognized over the term of the sublease and presented as other income. Variable sublease income, including payments for common area maintenance charges, property taxes, and other operating expenses, are recognized as variable sublease income in the period in which they are earned. The following table presents
the undiscounted proceeds we are contractually entitled to receive from operating subleases, not including variable sublease income (amounts in thousands):
Fiscal Years:Operating Subleases
2026$2,224 
20272,228 
20282,247 
20292,254 
20302,376 
Thereafter18,819 
Total$30,148 
v3.25.4
MOUNT MILLIGAN DEFERRED LIABILITY
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2025
Revenue from Contract with Customer [Abstract]  
MOUNT MILLIGAN DEFERRED LIABILITY MOUNT MILLIGAN DEFERRED LIABILITY
On February 13, 2024, RGLD Gold entered into a Cost Support Agreement (the “Mount Milligan Cost Support Agreement”) with Centerra Gold Inc. (“Centerra”), whereby RGLD Gold has agreed, subject to the terms and conditions set forth therein, to provide cost support payments for gold and copper deliveries under the existing stream agreement with respect to the Mount Milligan mine for cash consideration of $24.5 million, 50,000 ounces of gold to be delivered in the future (“Deferred Gold Consideration”) and a free cash flow interest. The value of the cash consideration, free cash flow interest received from Centerra and Deferred Gold Consideration is recorded as a deferred liability in our consolidated balance sheets as of December 31, 2025.
On October 3, 2025, we received and subsequently sold 11,111 ounces of the Deferred Gold Consideration for proceeds of $44.2 million. The proceeds from the sale of Deferred Gold Consideration do not impact revenue and are recorded as operating cash flows in the consolidated statements of cash flows. As of December 31, 2025, the balance of the deferred liability was $69.2 million and 38,889 ounces of the Deferred Gold Consideration remain outstanding.
REVENUE
Revenue Recognition
A performance obligation is a promise in a contract to transfer control of a distinct good or service (or integrated package of goods and/or services) to a customer. A contract’s transaction price is allocated to each distinct performance obligation and recognized as revenue when, or as, a performance obligation is satisfied. In accordance with this guidance, revenue attributable to our stream interests and royalty interests is generally recognized at the point in time that control of the related metal production transfers to our customers. The amount of revenue we recognize further reflects the consideration to which we are entitled under the respective stream or royalty agreement. A more detailed summary of our revenue recognition policies for our stream and royalty interests is discussed below.
Stream Interests
A metal stream is a purchase agreement that provides, in exchange for an upfront deposit payment, the right to purchase all or a portion of one or more of the metals produced from a mine, at a price determined for the life of the transaction by the purchase agreement. Gold, silver and copper received under our metal stream agreements are taken into inventory, and then sold primarily using average spot rate gold, silver and copper forward contracts. The sales price for these average spot rate forward contracts is determined by the average daily gold, silver or copper spot prices during the term of the contract, typically a consecutive number of trading days between ten days and three months (typically depending on the frequency of deliveries under the respective stream agreement and our sales policy in effect at the time) commencing shortly after receipt and purchase of the metal. We settle our forward sales contracts via physical delivery of the metal to the purchaser (our customer) on the settlement date specified in the contract. Under our forward sales contracts, there is a single performance obligation to sell a contractually specified volume of metal to the purchaser, and we satisfy this obligation at
the point in time of physical delivery. Accordingly, revenue from our metal sales is recognized on the date of settlement, which is the date that control, custody and title to the metal transfer to the purchaser.
Royalty Interests
Royalties are non-operating interests in mining projects that provide the right to a percentage of revenue or metals produced from the project after deducting specified costs, if any. We are entitled to payment for our royalty interest in a mining project based on a contractually specified commodity price (for example, a monthly or quarterly average spot price) for the period in which metal production occurred. As a royalty holder, we act as a passive entity in the production and operations of the mining project, and the third-party operator of the mining project is responsible for all mining activities, including subsequent marketing and delivery of all metal production to their ultimate customer. In all of our most significant royalty interest arrangements, we have concluded that we transfer control of our interest in the metal production to the operator at the point at which production occurs, and thus, the operator is our customer. We have further determined that the transfer of each unit of metal production, comprising our royalty interest, to the operator represents a separate performance obligation under the contract, and each performance obligation is satisfied at the point in time when the mine operator of the property over which the royalty interest is held delivers the commodity to the customer. Accordingly, we recognize revenue attributable to our royalty interests when control over the metal production transfers to the customer at the specified commodity price per the agreement, net of any contractually allowable offsite treatment, refining, transportation and, if applicable, other contractually permitted costs.
Royalty Revenue Estimates
For a small number of our royalty interests, we may not receive, or be entitled to receive, payment information, including production information from the operator, for the period in which metal production occurred prior to issuance of our financial statements. As a result, we may estimate revenue for these royalties based on available information, including public information, from the operator. If adequate information is not available from the operator or from other public sources before we issue our financial statements, we will recognize royalty revenue during the period in which the necessary payment information is received. Differences between estimates and actual amounts could differ significantly and are recorded in the period that the actual amounts are known. Please also refer to our “Use of Estimates” accounting policy discussed in Note 2. Royalty revenue and the attributable metal production that was estimated for the period was not material.
Disaggregation of Revenue
We have identified two material revenue sources in our business: stream interests and royalty interests. These identified revenue sources are consistent with our reportable segments as discussed in Note 18.
Revenue by metal type attributable to each of our revenue sources is disaggregated as follows (amounts in thousands):
Years Ended
December 31,
2025
December 31,
2024
December 31,
2023
Stream revenue:
Gold$547,867 $367,492 $307,797 
Silver92,383 66,812 64,851 
Copper44,254 48,990 45,632 
Other1,968 — — 
Total stream revenue$686,472 $483,294 $418,280 
Royalty revenue:
Gold$252,018 $176,888 $154,327 
Silver28,455 18,702 8,554 
Copper32,537 17,776 11,792 
Other30,989 22,735 12,764 
Total royalty revenue$343,999 $236,101 $187,437 
Total revenue$1,030,471 $719,395 $605,717 
Revenue by metal type attributable to each of our principal property revenue sources is disaggregated as follows (amounts in thousands):
Years Ended
Metal(s)December 31,
2025
December 31,
2024
December 31,
2023
Stream revenue:
Mount MilliganGold & Copper$223,713 $186,039 $158,167 
Pueblo ViejoGold & Silver129,830 83,059 76,247 
AndacolloGold77,896 47,531 48,920 
KansanshiGold32,279 — — 
OtherVarious222,754 166,665 134,946 
Total stream revenue$686,472 $483,294 $418,280 
Royalty revenue:
Cortez Legacy ZoneGold$31,823 $58,183 $79,920 
Cortez CC ZoneGold35,715 11,611 14,626 
OtherVarious276,461 166,307 92,891 
Total royalty revenue$343,999 $236,101 $187,437 
Total revenue$1,030,471 $719,395 $605,717 
Refer to Note 18 for the geographical distribution of our revenue by reportable segment.
v3.25.4
REVENUE
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2025
Revenue from Contract with Customer [Abstract]  
REVENUE MOUNT MILLIGAN DEFERRED LIABILITY
On February 13, 2024, RGLD Gold entered into a Cost Support Agreement (the “Mount Milligan Cost Support Agreement”) with Centerra Gold Inc. (“Centerra”), whereby RGLD Gold has agreed, subject to the terms and conditions set forth therein, to provide cost support payments for gold and copper deliveries under the existing stream agreement with respect to the Mount Milligan mine for cash consideration of $24.5 million, 50,000 ounces of gold to be delivered in the future (“Deferred Gold Consideration”) and a free cash flow interest. The value of the cash consideration, free cash flow interest received from Centerra and Deferred Gold Consideration is recorded as a deferred liability in our consolidated balance sheets as of December 31, 2025.
On October 3, 2025, we received and subsequently sold 11,111 ounces of the Deferred Gold Consideration for proceeds of $44.2 million. The proceeds from the sale of Deferred Gold Consideration do not impact revenue and are recorded as operating cash flows in the consolidated statements of cash flows. As of December 31, 2025, the balance of the deferred liability was $69.2 million and 38,889 ounces of the Deferred Gold Consideration remain outstanding.
REVENUE
Revenue Recognition
A performance obligation is a promise in a contract to transfer control of a distinct good or service (or integrated package of goods and/or services) to a customer. A contract’s transaction price is allocated to each distinct performance obligation and recognized as revenue when, or as, a performance obligation is satisfied. In accordance with this guidance, revenue attributable to our stream interests and royalty interests is generally recognized at the point in time that control of the related metal production transfers to our customers. The amount of revenue we recognize further reflects the consideration to which we are entitled under the respective stream or royalty agreement. A more detailed summary of our revenue recognition policies for our stream and royalty interests is discussed below.
Stream Interests
A metal stream is a purchase agreement that provides, in exchange for an upfront deposit payment, the right to purchase all or a portion of one or more of the metals produced from a mine, at a price determined for the life of the transaction by the purchase agreement. Gold, silver and copper received under our metal stream agreements are taken into inventory, and then sold primarily using average spot rate gold, silver and copper forward contracts. The sales price for these average spot rate forward contracts is determined by the average daily gold, silver or copper spot prices during the term of the contract, typically a consecutive number of trading days between ten days and three months (typically depending on the frequency of deliveries under the respective stream agreement and our sales policy in effect at the time) commencing shortly after receipt and purchase of the metal. We settle our forward sales contracts via physical delivery of the metal to the purchaser (our customer) on the settlement date specified in the contract. Under our forward sales contracts, there is a single performance obligation to sell a contractually specified volume of metal to the purchaser, and we satisfy this obligation at
the point in time of physical delivery. Accordingly, revenue from our metal sales is recognized on the date of settlement, which is the date that control, custody and title to the metal transfer to the purchaser.
Royalty Interests
Royalties are non-operating interests in mining projects that provide the right to a percentage of revenue or metals produced from the project after deducting specified costs, if any. We are entitled to payment for our royalty interest in a mining project based on a contractually specified commodity price (for example, a monthly or quarterly average spot price) for the period in which metal production occurred. As a royalty holder, we act as a passive entity in the production and operations of the mining project, and the third-party operator of the mining project is responsible for all mining activities, including subsequent marketing and delivery of all metal production to their ultimate customer. In all of our most significant royalty interest arrangements, we have concluded that we transfer control of our interest in the metal production to the operator at the point at which production occurs, and thus, the operator is our customer. We have further determined that the transfer of each unit of metal production, comprising our royalty interest, to the operator represents a separate performance obligation under the contract, and each performance obligation is satisfied at the point in time when the mine operator of the property over which the royalty interest is held delivers the commodity to the customer. Accordingly, we recognize revenue attributable to our royalty interests when control over the metal production transfers to the customer at the specified commodity price per the agreement, net of any contractually allowable offsite treatment, refining, transportation and, if applicable, other contractually permitted costs.
Royalty Revenue Estimates
For a small number of our royalty interests, we may not receive, or be entitled to receive, payment information, including production information from the operator, for the period in which metal production occurred prior to issuance of our financial statements. As a result, we may estimate revenue for these royalties based on available information, including public information, from the operator. If adequate information is not available from the operator or from other public sources before we issue our financial statements, we will recognize royalty revenue during the period in which the necessary payment information is received. Differences between estimates and actual amounts could differ significantly and are recorded in the period that the actual amounts are known. Please also refer to our “Use of Estimates” accounting policy discussed in Note 2. Royalty revenue and the attributable metal production that was estimated for the period was not material.
Disaggregation of Revenue
We have identified two material revenue sources in our business: stream interests and royalty interests. These identified revenue sources are consistent with our reportable segments as discussed in Note 18.
Revenue by metal type attributable to each of our revenue sources is disaggregated as follows (amounts in thousands):
Years Ended
December 31,
2025
December 31,
2024
December 31,
2023
Stream revenue:
Gold$547,867 $367,492 $307,797 
Silver92,383 66,812 64,851 
Copper44,254 48,990 45,632 
Other1,968 — — 
Total stream revenue$686,472 $483,294 $418,280 
Royalty revenue:
Gold$252,018 $176,888 $154,327 
Silver28,455 18,702 8,554 
Copper32,537 17,776 11,792 
Other30,989 22,735 12,764 
Total royalty revenue$343,999 $236,101 $187,437 
Total revenue$1,030,471 $719,395 $605,717 
Revenue by metal type attributable to each of our principal property revenue sources is disaggregated as follows (amounts in thousands):
Years Ended
Metal(s)December 31,
2025
December 31,
2024
December 31,
2023
Stream revenue:
Mount MilliganGold & Copper$223,713 $186,039 $158,167 
Pueblo ViejoGold & Silver129,830 83,059 76,247 
AndacolloGold77,896 47,531 48,920 
KansanshiGold32,279 — — 
OtherVarious222,754 166,665 134,946 
Total stream revenue$686,472 $483,294 $418,280 
Royalty revenue:
Cortez Legacy ZoneGold$31,823 $58,183 $79,920 
Cortez CC ZoneGold35,715 11,611 14,626 
OtherVarious276,461 166,307 92,891 
Total royalty revenue$343,999 $236,101 $187,437 
Total revenue$1,030,471 $719,395 $605,717 
Refer to Note 18 for the geographical distribution of our revenue by reportable segment.
v3.25.4
STOCK-BASED COMPENSATION
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2025
Share-Based Payment Arrangement [Abstract]  
STOCK-BASED COMPENSATION STOCK-BASED COMPENSATION
Our stockholders approved our 2025 Incentive Plan (the “2025 Plan”), effective May 22, 2025, which serves as the successor to our 2015 Omnibus Long-Term Incentive Plan (as amended, the “2015 LTIP”) and provides for the issuance of incentive stock options, non-qualified stock options, stock appreciation rights, restricted stock, restricted stock units, performance awards, other stock-based awards, and cash-based awards to qualified employees, officers, directors, consultants and advisors. No new awards will be issued under the 2015 LTIP as of the effective date of the 2025 Plan. Outstanding awards under the 2015 LTIP continue to be subject to the terms and conditions of the 2015 LTIP. As of the
effective date of the 2025 Plan, 2,114,883 shares of common stock were available for future awards under the 2025 Plan. In addition, awards granted under the 2015 LTIP that were outstanding as of the effective date of the 2025 Plan and which expire, terminate or are otherwise surrendered, cancelled, forfeited or repurchased by us at their original issuance price pursuant to a contractual repurchase right are added to the shares available for future awards under the 2025 Plan.
We recognized stock-based compensation expense as follows (amounts in thousands):
Years Ended
December 31,
2025
December 31,
2024
December 31,
2023
Restricted stock$7,091 $7,049 $6,191 
Performance stock4,714 4,843 2,953 
Stock appreciation rights— — 533 
Stock options— — 19 
Total stock-based compensation expense$11,805 $11,892 $9,696 
Stock-based compensation expense is included within General and administrative expense on the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income.
Stock Options and Stock Appreciation Rights
Stock option and stock-settled stock appreciate rights (“SSARs”) awards are granted with an exercise price equal to the closing market price of our stock at the date of grant. Stock option and SSARs awards granted to officers, key employees and other persons vest based on one to three years of continuous service. Stock option and SSARs awards have 10-year contractual terms. There were no stock options or SSARs awards granted during the years ended December 31, 2025, 2024, and 2023.
Stock Options
A summary of stock option activity for the year ended December 31, 2025, is presented below.
Number of
Shares
Weighted-
Average
Exercise
Price
Weighted-
Average
Remaining
Contractual
Life (Years)
Aggregate
Intrinsic Value
(in thousands)
Outstanding at January 1, 20258,061$89.83 
Exercised(5,829)$72.78 
Forfeited$— 
Granted$— 
Outstanding at December 31, 20252,232$134.36 4.3$196 
Exercisable at December 31, 20252,232$134.36 4.3$196 
The total intrinsic value of options exercised during the years ended December 31, 2025, 2024 and 2023 was $0.6 million, $0.2 million and $0.5 million, respectively.
As of December 31, 2025, there was no unrecognized stock-based compensation expense related to unvested stock options.
SSARs
A summary of SSARs activity for the year ended December 31, 2025, is presented below:
Number of
Shares
Weighted-
Average
Exercise
Price
Weighted-
Average
Remaining
Contractual
Life (Years)
Aggregate
Intrinsic Value
(in thousands)
Outstanding at January 1, 2025128,386$119.06 
Exercised(47,101)$104.61 
Forfeited$— 
Granted$— 
Outstanding at December 31, 202581,285$127.44 4.0$7,710 
Exercisable at December 31, 202581,285$127.44 4.0$7,710 
The total intrinsic value of SSARs exercised during the years ended December 31, 2025, 2024 and 2023 was $3.8 million, $1.4 million and $0.7 million, respectively.
As of December 31, 2025, there was no unrecognized stock-based compensation expense related to unvested SSARs.
Other Stock-based Compensation
Performance Shares
During the years ended December 31, 2025, 2024 and 2023, officers and certain employees were granted shares of restricted common stock that may vest based on our total shareholder return (“TSR”) compared to the TSRs of certain defined peer companies. The granted TSRs may vest by linear interpolation in a range between zero shares if neither threshold TSR metric is met; to 100% of the granted TSRs awarded if the target TSR metric is met; to 200% of granted TSRs awarded if the maximum TSR metric is met. The granted TSRs will expire in three years from the date of grant if the TSR market condition and a three-year service condition are not met.
We measured the grant date fair value of the TSR shares using a Monte Carlo valuation model. The fair value of our TSR awards is multiplied by the target number (100%) of TSR awards granted to determine total stock-based compensation expense. Total stock-based compensation expense of the TSR awards is amortized on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period, or three years.
A summary of the status of our outstanding TSR shares at maximum (200%) attainment for the year ended December 31, 2025, is presented below:
Number of
Shares
Weighted-
Average
Grant Date
Fair Value
Outstanding at January 1, 2025221,458$124.26 
Granted72,120$184.36 
Vested(17,948)$148.89 
Non-attainment(29,283)$145.85 
Forfeited(11,547)$139.59 
Outstanding at December 31, 2025234,800$137.39 
As of December 31, 2025, total unrecognized stock-based compensation expense related to TSR shares was approximately $6.3 million, which is expected to be recognized over the average remaining vesting period of 1.8 years.
Restricted Stock
Officers, non-executive directors and certain employees may be granted shares of restricted stock that vest on continued service alone (“Restricted Stock”). During the year ended December 31, 2025, officers and certain employees were granted 44,060 shares of Restricted Stock. Restricted Stock granted to officers and certain employees during the years ended December 31, 2025, 2024 and 2023, vest ratably over three years from the date of grant. Also, our non-executive directors were granted 6,204 shares of Restricted Stock during the year ended December 31, 2025. The non-executive directors’ shares of Restricted Stock vest 50% immediately and 50% one year after the date of grant.
We measure the fair value of the Restricted Stock based upon the market price of our common stock as of the date of grant. Restricted Stock is amortized over the applicable vesting period using the straight-line method. Unvested shares of Restricted Stock are subject to forfeiture upon termination of employment or service.
A summary of the status of our unvested Restricted Stock for the year ended December 31, 2025, is presented below:
Number of
Shares
Weighted-
Average
Grant Date
Fair Value
Outstanding at January 1, 2025145,946$112.13 
Granted50,264$145.04 
Vested(63,860)$116.88 
Forfeited$— 
Outstanding at December 31, 2025132,350$122.34 
As of December 31, 2025, total unrecognized stock-based compensation expense related to Restricted Stock was approximately $6.8 million, which is expected to be recognized over the weighted-average vesting period of 1.7 years.
Sandstorm Assumed Options
With respect to the Transaction, Royal Gold assumed Sandstorm stock options exercisable for 0.7 million shares of common stock to complete the transaction. A summary of Sandstorm option activity for the year ended December 31, 2025, is presented below:
Number of
Shares
Weighted-
Average
Exercise
Price
Weighted-
Average
Remaining
Contractual
Life (Years)
Aggregate
Intrinsic Value
(in thousands)
Outstanding at January 1, 2025$— 
Assumed options as part of Sandstorm acquisition710,780$105.36 
Exercised(166,979)$91.84 
Forfeited$— 
Outstanding at December 31, 2025543,801$109.51 2.3$61,330 
Exercisable at December 31, 2025543,801$109.51 2.3$61,330 
The total intrinsic value of the Sandstorm assumed options exercised during the year ended December 31, 2025 was $17.2 million.
v3.25.4
EARNINGS PER SHARE ("EPS")
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2025
Earnings Per Share [Abstract]  
EARNINGS PER SHARE ("EPS") EARNINGS PER SHARE (“EPS”)
Basic earnings per common share is computed using the weighted average number of shares of common stock outstanding during the period, considering the effect of participating securities. Unvested stock-based compensation awards that contain non-forfeitable rights to dividends or dividend equivalents are considered participating securities and are included in the
computation of earnings per share pursuant to the two-class method. Our unvested restricted stock awards contain non-forfeitable dividend rights and participate equally with common stock with respect to dividends issued or declared. Our unexercised stock options, unexercised SSARs and unvested TSRs do not contain rights to dividends. Under the two-class method, the earnings used to determine basic earnings per common share are reduced by an amount allocated to participating securities. Use of the two-class method has an immaterial impact on the calculation of basic and diluted earnings per common share.
The following table summarizes the effects of dilutive securities on diluted EPS for the period (amounts in thousands, except share data):
Years Ended
December 31,
2025
December 31,
2024
December 31,
2023
Net income attributable to Royal Gold common stockholders$466,281 $332,023 $239,440 
Weighted-average shares for basic EPS69,424,38165,662,18565,613,002
Effect of other dilutive securities136,530114,649126,108
Weighted-average shares for diluted EPS69,560,91165,776,83465,739,110
Basic EPS$6.70 $5.04 $3.64 
Diluted EPS$6.69 $5.04 $3.63 
v3.25.4
INCOME TAXES
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2025
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]  
INCOME TAXES INCOME TAXES
For financial reporting purposes, Income before income taxes includes the following components (amounts in thousands):
Years Ended
December 31,
2025
December 31,
2024
December 31,
2023
United States$153,710 $127,366 $64,105 
Foreign420,156 298,726 218,035 
Income before income taxes$573,866 $426,092 $282,140 
Our Income tax expense consisted of (amounts in thousands):
Years Ended
December 31,
2025
December 31,
2024
December 31,
2023
Current:
Federal$43,294 $51,643 $24,046 
State(716)715 (68)
Foreign63,638 32,901 24,499 
Current tax expense$106,216 $85,259 $48,477 
Deferred and others:
Federal$589 $(92)$(763)
State104 (2)(14)
Foreign(4,619)8,448 (5,692)
Deferred tax expense$(3,926)$8,354 $(6,469)
Total income tax expense $102,290 $93,613 $42,008 
The provision for income taxes for the years ended December 31, 2025, 2024, and 2023 differs from the amount of income tax determined by applying the applicable United States statutory federal income tax rate to pre-tax income (net of non-
controlling interest in income of consolidated subsidiary and loss from equity investment) from operations as a result of the following differences (amounts in thousands):
Years Ended
December 31,
2025
December 31,
2024
December 31,
2023
 Tax Effected Rate Tax Effected Rate Tax Effected Rate
Income taxes at statutory rates$120,512 21.0 %$89,479 21.0 %$59,249 21.0 %
State income taxes, net of federal benefit429 0.1 %914 0.2 %625 0.2 %
Foreign tax effects:
Canada
 Withholding tax less foreign tax credits 7,619 1.3 %— — %(92)— %
 Change in valuation allowance 6,816 1.2 %— — %— — %
 Non taxable income and expenses 7,979 1.4 %(16)— %22 — %
 Other 731 0.1 %1,382 0.3 %397 0.1 %
Switzerland
 Statutory tax rate differential - federal (58,136)(10.1)%(37,273)(8.8)%(27,491)(9.7)%
 Cantonal taxes 19,675 3.4 %13,216 3.1 %9,504 3.4 %
 Other 2,247 0.4 %1,298 0.3 %(1,024)(0.4)%
 Additional recoverable basis (16,264)(2.8)%— — %— — %
 Change in valuation allowance — — %— — %(8,462)(3.0)%
Mexico
 Withholding taxes, net of refund 11,893 2.1 %15,656 3.7 %8,125 2.9 %
Other foreign jurisdictions315 0.1 %826 0.2 %293 0.1 %
Effects of cross-border tax law:
GILTI & subpart F, net of foreign tax credits15,576 2.7 %22,087 5.2 %7,235 2.6 %
Tax credits:
Foreign tax credits(10,944)(1.9)%(16,166)(3.8)%(8,598)(3.1)%
Change in valuation allowance(4,118)(0.7)%3,873 0.9 %3,180 1.1 %
Nontaxable or nondeductible items:
Excess depletion(2,548)(0.4)%(2,473)(0.6)%(2,259)(0.8)%
Statutory tax attributes to non-controlling interest(1,044)(0.2)%(74)— %(118)— %
Other(63)— %884 0.2 %1,421 0.5 %
Non-deductible acquisition cost1,615 0.3 %— — %— — %
Total income tax expense$102,290 17.8 %$93,613 22.0 %$42,008 14.9 %
The effective tax rate for the year ended December 31, 2025, was 17.8%. which included a $16.3 million tax benefit for additional recoverable basis and a tax benefit for an $11 million recovery of foreign withholding tax, partially offset by $2.9 million of U.S. and foreign capitalized acquisition costs. The effective tax rates for the year ended December 31,
2024, was 22% and included a $13.0 million U.S. GILTI income tax expense related to the consideration from the Mount Milligan Cost Support Agreement. The effective tax rate for the year ended December 31, 2023, was 14.9%, which included income tax benefits attributable to the release of a valuation allowance on certain foreign deferred tax assets.
Cash taxes paid consisted of (amounts in thousands):
Year Ended December 31, 2025
United States$41,111 
Switzerland
Federal21,859 
Cantonal8,616 
Mexico11,187 
Australia6,825 
Other5,750 
Total cash taxes paid$95,348 
Year Ended December 31, 2024
United States$33,608 
Switzerland
Federal15,794 
Cantonal3,502 
Mexico12,058 
Australia5,118 
Other2,028 
Total cash taxes paid$72,108 
Year Ended December 31, 2023
United States$14,261 
Switzerland
Federal17,070 
Cantonal1,967 
Mexico10,160 
Canada2,362 
Other4,483 
Total cash taxes paid$50,303 
The tax effects of temporary differences and carryforwards, which give rise to our deferred tax assets and liabilities on December 31, 2025 and 2024 are as follows (amounts in thousands):
December 31,
2025
December 31,
2024
Deferred tax assets:
Stock-based compensation$3,229 $1,989 
Net operating losses54,455 5,863 
Foreign tax credits35,630 39,748 
Amortizable tax goodwill41,249 37,672 
Other tax attributes10,871 1,784 
Capital losses8,673 1,853 
Lease liability9,805 1,067 
Other1,896 1,788 
Total deferred tax assets165,808 91,764 
Valuation allowance(86,747)(44,656)
Net deferred tax assets$79,061 $47,108 
Deferred tax liabilities:
Mineral property basis$(1,117,909)$(123,482)
Equity method investments(84,036)— 
Marketable securities(6,941)— 
Lease right-of-use asset(8,913)(930)
Other(793)(836)
Total deferred tax liabilities$(1,218,592)$(125,248)
Total net deferred taxes$(1,139,531)$(78,140)
We review the measurement of our deferred tax assets at each balance sheet date. Considering all available positive and negative evidence, including but not limited to recent earnings history and forecasted future results, the Company believes it is more likely-than-not that all net deferred tax assets not currently burdened with a valuation allowance will be fully realized. As of December 31, 2025 and 2024, we recorded a valuation allowance of $86.7 million and $44.7 million, respectively. The valuation allowance remaining at December 31, 2025 is attributable to U.S. foreign tax credits of $35.6 million and capital losses of $8.7 million, tax basis in excess of book basis in Mineral Properties of $39.0 million, net operating losses of $2.7 million, and other tax attribute carryforwards of $0.7 million.
As of December 31, 2025 and 2024, we had $54.5 million and $5.9 million of net operating loss carryforwards offset by a valuation allowance of $2.7 million and $2.2 million, respectively. The majority of the tax loss carryforwards are in jurisdictions that allow a twenty-year carry-forward period. These losses do not begin to expire until the 2038 tax year.
As of December 31, 2025 and 2024, we had zero unrecognized tax benefits. We file income tax returns in the U.S. federal jurisdiction, and various state and foreign jurisdictions. With few exceptions, the Company is no longer subject to U.S. federal, state and local, and non-U.S. income tax examinations by tax authorities for fiscal years before 2022.
Our continuing practice is to recognize interest and/or penalties related to unrecognized tax benefits as part of our income tax expense. For the years ended December 31, 2025, 2024, and 2023, we had zero accrued income-tax-related interest and penalties.
v3.25.4
SUPPLEMENTAL CASH FLOW INFORMATION
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2025
Supplemental Cash Flow Elements [Abstract]  
SUPPLEMENTAL CASH FLOW INFORMATION SUPPLEMENTAL CASH FLOW INFORMATION
Our supplemental cash flow information for the years ended December 31, 2025, 2024 and 2023 is as follows (amounts in thousands):
Years Ended
December 31,
2025
December 31,
2024
December 31,
2023
Cash paid during the period for:
Interest$19,484 $6,593 $28,054 
Income taxes, net of refunds$95,348 $72,108 $50,303 
Non-cash investing and financing activities:
Share issuance to Sandstorm shareholders$3,597,560 $— $— 
Sandstorm assumed stock options$80,602 $— $— 
Dividends declared$129,101 $108,556 $100,232 
v3.25.4
FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2025
Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract]  
FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS
Fair value is an exit price, representing the amount that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants. As such, fair value is a market-based measurement that should be determined based on assumptions that market participants would use in pricing an asset or liability. As a basis for considering such assumptions, we utilize a three-tier fair value hierarchy, which prioritizes the inputs used in measuring fair value as follows:
Level 1: Quoted prices for identical instruments in active markets;
Level 2: Quoted prices for similar instruments in active markets; quoted prices for identical or similar instruments in markets that are not active; and model-derived valuations in which all significant inputs and significant value drivers are observable in active markets; and
Level 3: Prices or valuation techniques requiring inputs that are both significant to the fair value measurement and unobservable (supported by little or no market activity).
The following table sets forth our financial assets measured at fair value on a recurring basis (at least annually) by level within the fair value hierarchy.
Fair Value at December 31, 2025
TotalLevel 1Level 2Level 3
(in thousands)
Assets(1):
Available-for-sale equity securities$120,814 $120,814 $— $— 
Available-for-sale debt securities52,066 — 52,066 — 
Fair Value at December 31, 2024
TotalLevel 1Level 2Level 3
(in thousands)
Assets(1):
Available-for-sale equity securities$$$— $— 
______________________________________________
(1) Included in Marketable securities on our consolidated balance sheets.
The carrying value of our revolving credit facility (Note 8) approximates fair value as of December 31, 2025 and is measured using Level 2 inputs.
The fair value of the convertible debt securities due from Bear Creek was determined using binomial lattice models based on the contractual terms and relevant inputs including the risk free interest rate, the USD to CAD currency swap rate, expected dividend yield, expected volatility and the discount yield which are observable in active markets. The use of reasonably possible alternative assumptions would not significantly impact our results.
As of December 31, 2025, we had assets that, under certain conditions, are subject to measurement at fair value on a non-recurring basis like those associated with stream and royalty interests, equity method investments and other long-lived assets. For these assets, measurement at fair value in periods subsequent to their initial recognition is applicable if any of these assets are determined to be impaired. If recognition of these assets at their fair value becomes necessary, such measurements will be determined utilizing Level 3 inputs.
v3.25.4
MAJOR SOURCES OF REVENUE
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2025
MAJOR SOURCES OF REVENUE  
MAJOR SOURCES OF REVENUE MAJOR SOURCES OF REVENUE
Operators that contributed greater than 10% of our total revenue for the years ended December 31, 2025, 2024 and 2023 were as follows (revenue amounts in thousands):
Years Ended
December 31,
2025
December 31,
2024
December 31,
2023
OperatorRevenuePercentage of total revenueRevenuePercentage of total revenueRevenuePercentage of total revenue
Centerra$223,713 21.7 %$186,039 25.9 %$158,167 26.1 %
Barrick132,623 12.9 %84,961 11.8 %75,259 12.4 %
Nevada Gold Mines79,121 7.7 %79,473 11.0 %101,870 16.8 %
v3.25.4
SEGMENT INFORMATION
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2025
Segment Reporting [Abstract]  
SEGMENT INFORMATION SEGMENT INFORMATION
We manage our business under two reportable segments, consisting of the acquisition and management of stream interests and the acquisition and management of royalty interests. Our President and Chief Executive Officer serves as our Chief Operating Decision Maker (“CODM”) and is responsible for reviewing segment performance and making decisions regarding resource allocation. In addition to revenue, our CODM regularly reviews cost of sales, production taxes and depletion for each of our reportable segments. Royal Gold’s long-lived assets (stream and royalty interests, net) as of December 31, 2025 and 2024 are geographically distributed as shown in the following table (amounts in thousands):
As of December 31, 2025As of December 31, 2024
Stream
interest
Royalty
interest
Total stream
and royalty
interests, net
Stream
interest
Royalty
interest
Total stream
and royalty
interests, net
North America$1,214,810 $1,834,921 $3,049,731 $719,765 $1,520,147 $2,239,912 
South and Central America1,045,620 1,846,211 2,891,831 284,340 249,901 534,241 
EMEA2,270,717 309,467 2,580,184 249,065 321 249,386 
Australia Pacific13,595 48,534 62,129 — 19,265 19,265 
Total (1)
$4,544,742 $4,039,133 $8,583,875 $1,253,170 $1,789,634 $3,042,804 
_______________________________________________________
(1)Includes the carrying value of all stream and royalty interests acquired during the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024.
Our reportable segments for purposes of assessing performance are shown below (amounts in thousands):
Year Ended December 31, 2025
Revenue
Cost of sales(1)
Production taxes
Depletion(2)
Segment gross profit
Stream interests$686,472 $130,926 $— $112,858 $442,688 
Royalty interests343,999 — 8,605 63,752 271,642 
Total$1,030,471 $130,926 $8,605 $176,610 $714,330 
Year Ended December 31, 2024
Revenue
Cost of sales(1)
Production taxes
Depletion(2)
Segment gross profit
Stream interests$483,294 $97,514 $— $102,800 $282,980 
Royalty interests236,101 — 6,622 41,285 188,194 
Total$719,395 $97,514 $6,622 $144,085 $471,174 
Year Ended December 31, 2023
Revenue
Cost of sales(1)
Production taxes
Depletion(2)
Segment gross profit
Stream interests$418,280 $90,523 $— $121,121 $206,636 
Royalty interests187,437 — 7,294 43,385 136,758 
Total$605,717 $90,523 $7,294 $164,506 $343,394 
_______________________________________________________
(1)Excludes depreciation, depletion and amortization
(2)Depletion amounts are included within Depreciation, depletion and amortization on our consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income
A reconciliation of total segment gross profit to the consolidated Income before income taxes is shown below (amounts in thousands):
Years Ended
December 31,
2025
December 31,
2024
December 31,
2023
Total segment gross profit$714,330 $471,174 $343,394 
Costs and expenses
General and administrative expenses49,183 40,934 39,761 
Depreciation and amortization472 341 431 
Acquisition related costs26,508 — — 
Operating income638,167 429,899 303,202 
Fair value changes in equity securities327 (66)(147)
Loss on sale of marketable securities(50,017)— — 
Interest and other income14,411 6,008 9,952 
Interest and other expense(29,022)(9,749)(30,867)
Income before income taxes$573,866 $426,092 $282,140 
Our revenue by reportable segment for the years ended December 31, 2025, 2024 and 2023 is geographically distributed as shown in the following table (amounts in thousands):
Years Ended
December 31,
2025
December 31,
2024
December 31,
2023
Stream interests(1):
North America$440,738 $314,860 $273,208 
EMEA137,281 82,132 70,757 
South and Central America107,444 86,302 74,315 
Australia Pacific1,009 — — 
Total stream interests$686,472 $483,294 $418,280 
Royalty interests:
North America$263,332 $192,999 $162,155 
Australia Pacific40,349 28,966 19,011 
South and Central America38,119 14,136 5,736 
EMEA2,199 — 535 
Total royalty interests343,999 236,101 187,437 
Total revenue$1,030,471 $719,395 $605,717 
_______________________________________________________
(1)Stream revenue from the following customers exceeded 10% or our revenue for the years ended December 31, 2025, 2024 and 2023: Bank of Montreal $386.9 million (38%), $248.7 million (35%), and $311.6 million (51%) and StoneX $272.5 million (26%), $204.8 million (28%) and $61.1 million (10%), respectively.
v3.25.4
COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2025
Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure [Abstract]  
COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES
Warintza Project Stream and Royalty Acquisition
As of December 31, 2025, our conditional funding schedule of $100.0 million related to the acquisition of the Warintza Gold Stream and Royalty Agreements made on May 21, 2025 (Note 4) remains subject to certain conditions.
Ilovica Gold Stream Acquisition
As of December 31, 2025, our conditional funding schedule of $163.75 million, as part of the Ilovica gold stream acquisition entered into in October 2014, remains subject to certain conditions.
v3.25.4
Insider Trading Arrangements
3 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2025
shares
Trading Arrangements, by Individual  
Non-Rule 10b5-1 Arrangement Adopted false
Rule 10b5-1 Arrangement Terminated false
Non-Rule 10b5-1 Arrangement Terminated false
Paul Libner [Member]  
Trading Arrangements, by Individual  
Material Terms of Trading Arrangement on December 3, 2025, Paul Libner, the Company's Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer, adopted a trading plan intended to satisfy the affirmative defense conditions of Rule 10b5-1(c) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, providing for the potential sale of up to 3,200 shares of the Company's common stock through April 1, 2027.
Name Paul Libner
Title Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
Rule 10b5-1 Arrangement Adopted true
Adoption Date December 3, 2025
Expiration Date April 1, 2027
Arrangement Duration 477 days
Aggregate Available 3,200
v3.25.4
Insider Trading Policies and Procedures
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2025
Insider Trading Policies and Procedures [Line Items]  
Insider Trading Policies and Procedures Adopted true
v3.25.4
Cybersecurity Risk Management and Strategy Disclosure
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2025
Cybersecurity Risk Management, Strategy, and Governance [Line Items]  
Cybersecurity Risk Management Processes for Assessing, Identifying, and Managing Threats [Text Block]
To identify and assess material risks from cybersecurity threats, our enterprise risk management program considers cybersecurity threat risks alongside other Company risks as part of our overall risk assessment process. We describe how risks from identified cybersecurity threats have materially affected or are reasonably likely to materially affect us, including our results of operations and financial condition, in the risk factor entitled “A significant disruption to our information technology systems or those of our third-party service providers could adversely affect our business and operating results” under Item 1A, Risk Factors, of this report.
Cybersecurity Risk Management Processes Integrated [Flag] true
Cybersecurity Risk Management Processes Integrated [Text Block] To identify and assess material risks from cybersecurity threats, our enterprise risk management program considers cybersecurity threat risks alongside other Company risks as part of our overall risk assessment process.
Cybersecurity Risk Management Third Party Engaged [Flag] true
Cybersecurity Risk Third Party Oversight and Identification Processes [Flag] true
Cybersecurity Risk Materially Affected or Reasonably Likely to Materially Affect Registrant [Flag] false
Cybersecurity Risk Board of Directors Oversight [Text Block] Under its Charter, the Audit and Finance Committee (“AFC”) of our Board of Directors is responsible for oversight of our cybersecurity program.
Cybersecurity Risk Board Committee or Subcommittee Responsible for Oversight [Text Block] The Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer, with assistance from other members of management and contracted information technology and cybersecurity consultants (including consultants with decades of experience in information technology and cybersecurity roles), is responsible for managing our cybersecurity program, policies and strategy. Under its Charter, the Audit and Finance Committee (“AFC”) of our Board of Directors is responsible for oversight of our cybersecurity program.
Cybersecurity Risk Process for Informing Board Committee or Subcommittee Responsible for Oversight [Text Block] Quarterly and annual reports are provided to our AFC and Board of Directors, respectively, on the cyber risks, threats and projects impacting our cybersecurity program.
Cybersecurity Risk Role of Management [Text Block]
The Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer, with assistance from other members of management and contracted information technology and cybersecurity consultants (including consultants with decades of experience in information technology and cybersecurity roles), is responsible for managing our cybersecurity program, policies and strategy. Under its Charter, the Audit and Finance Committee (“AFC”) of our Board of Directors is responsible for oversight of our cybersecurity program. Quarterly and annual reports are provided to our AFC and Board of Directors, respectively, on the cyber risks, threats and projects impacting our cybersecurity program. As part of our continuing effort to evaluate and enhance our cybersecurity program, including risks associated with using third-party service providers, we regularly evaluate the effectiveness of our cybersecurity policies and procedures and provide our employees with cybersecurity training on current and evolving cybersecurity threats.
Cybersecurity Risk Management Positions or Committees Responsible [Flag] true
Cybersecurity Risk Management Positions or Committees Responsible [Text Block] The Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer, with assistance from other members of management and contracted information technology and cybersecurity consultants (including consultants with decades of experience in information technology and cybersecurity roles), is responsible for managing our cybersecurity program, policies and strategy.
Cybersecurity Risk Management Expertise of Management Responsible [Text Block] The Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer, with assistance from other members of management and contracted information technology and cybersecurity consultants (including consultants with decades of experience in information technology and cybersecurity roles), is responsible for managing our cybersecurity program, policies and strategy.
Cybersecurity Risk Process for Informing Management or Committees Responsible [Text Block] Quarterly and annual reports are provided to our AFC and Board of Directors, respectively, on the cyber risks, threats and projects impacting our cybersecurity program.
Cybersecurity Risk Management Positions or Committees Responsible Report to Board [Flag] true
v3.25.4
SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES AND RECENTLY ADOPTED AND ISSUED ACCOUNTING PRONOUNCEMENTS (Policies)
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2025
Accounting Policies [Abstract]  
Use of Estimates
Use of Estimates
The preparation of our financial statements in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“U.S. GAAP”) requires us to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the dates of the financial statements, and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting periods. Actual results could differ significantly from those estimates.
We rely on mineral reserve and mineral resource estimates reported by the operators of properties on which we hold stream and royalty interests. These estimates and the underlying assumptions affect the potential impairments of long-lived assets and the ability to realize income tax benefits associated with deferred tax assets. These estimates and assumptions also affect the rate at which we recognize revenue or charge depreciation, depletion and amortization to earnings. On an ongoing basis, management evaluates these estimates and assumptions; however, actual amounts could differ from these estimates and assumptions. Differences between estimates and actual amounts are adjusted and recorded in the period that the actual amounts are known.
Basis of Consolidation and Non-controlling Interests
Basis of Consolidation and Non-controlling Interests
The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Royal Gold, Inc. and its majority owned or controlled subsidiaries. All intercompany accounts, transactions, income and expenses, and profits or losses have been eliminated on consolidation. The Company records non-controlling interest in its Consolidated Financial Statements for any non-wholly-owned consolidated subsidiary.
Business Combination and Asset Acquisition Accounting
Business Combination and Asset Acquisition Accounting
Business combinations are accounted for using the acquisition method of accounting and the purchase price is allocated to the assets acquired and liabilities assumed based on their estimated fair values at the acquisition date. The fair value of the assets and liabilities acquired is measured using discounted cash flows and other applicable valuation techniques. Any acquisition related costs incurred by the Company are expenses as incurred. The operating results of an acquired business are included in our Consolidated Financial Statements from the date of acquisition. Refer to Note 3 for more detail on the Company's business combinations.

When an acquisition does not meet the definition of a business combination because either: (i) substantially all of the fair value of the gross assets acquired is concentrated in a single identifiable asset, or group of similar identified assets, or (ii) the acquired entity does not have an input and a substantive process that together significantly contribute to the ability to create outputs, the Company accounts for the acquisition as an asset acquisition. In an asset acquisition, the fair value of the net assets acquired is allocated on a relative fair value basis to the identifiable net assets as of the acquisition date and any direct acquisition related costs are capitalized as part of the purchase consideration. Refer to Note 4 for more detail on the Company's asset acquisitions.
Cash and Equivalents
Cash and Equivalents
Cash and equivalents consist of all cash balances and highly liquid investments with an original maturity of three months or less. Cash and equivalents were primarily held in cash deposit accounts as of December 31, 2025 and 2024.
Stream and Royalty Interests in Mineral Properties and Related Depletion
Stream and Royalty Interests in Mineral Properties and Related Depletion
Stream and royalty interests include acquired stream and royalty interests in production, development and exploration stage properties. The costs of acquired stream and royalty interests are capitalized as tangible assets as such interests do not meet the definition of a financial asset.
Production stage stream and royalty interests are depleted using the units of production method over the life of the mineral property (as stream sales occur or royalty payments are recognized), which are estimated using proven and probable reserves as provided by the operator. Development stage mineral properties, which are not yet in production, are not depleted until the property begins production. Exploration stage mineral properties, where there are no proven and probable reserves, are not depleted. At such time as the associated exploration stage mineral interests are converted to proven and probable reserves, and there is no production, the mineral property becomes a development stage mineral property. Exploration costs are expensed when incurred.
Equity Method Investments
Equity Method Investments

Investments and ownership interests are accounted for under equity method accounting if the Company has the ability to exercise significant influence, but does not have a controlling financial interest. The Company records its interest in the net losses of its equity method investee within Interest and other expense in the Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income. To the extent that there is a basis difference between the amount invested and the underlying equity in the net assets of an equity investment, the Company allocates such differences between tangible and intangible assets. The Company may elect the fair value option to account for its equity method investments if the fair value option better reflects the economics of its investment. Equity method investments accounted for under the fair value option are remeasured periodically with any changes in fair value recorded in Fair value changes in equity securities in the Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income.
Marketable Securities
Marketable Securities

Equity securities investments with readily determinable fair values (other than those accounted for under the equity method or those that result in consolidation of the investee) are measured at fair value and any changes in fair value are recognized in Fair value changes in equity securities in the Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income.

Debt securities are generally considered available-for-sale and are reported at fair value with unrealized gains and losses, net of applicable taxes, recorded in Accumulated other comprehensive loss in the Consolidated Balance Sheets.

The Company elects the fair value option when it believes that it best reflects the underlying economics of the investment. These investments may be valued using third-party pricing services at each reporting date with changes in fair value recorded as a component of Fair value changes in equity securities in the Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income.
Leases
Leases

In the normal course of business, the Company enters into contractual arrangements and evaluates whether such arrangements contain a lease. The Company assesses each contract identified as a lease to determine whether it should be classified as an operating or a finance lease. As of the reporting date, the Company does not have any leases classified as finance leases. Lease liabilities are initially measured at the present value of future lease payments, discounted using the Company’s incremental borrowing rate, as the rate implicit in the lease is not readily determinable. Corresponding right-of-use assets are recognized at the lease commencement date. The incremental borrowing rate represents the rate of interest the Company would incur to borrow, on a collateralized basis, over a similar term, an amount equal to the lease payments in a comparable economic environment. For operating leases, lease expense is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term. The lease liability is subsequently increased for interest and reduced for lease payments, while the related right-
of-use asset is amortized such that a single lease cost is recognized over the lease term. Lease components and non-lease components are accounted for separately based on their relative standalone prices.

Variable lease payments that do not depend on an index or a rate, including common area maintenance charges, property taxes, and other operating expenses, are not included in the measurement of lease liabilities and right-of-use assets and are recognized as lease expense in the period in which the obligation is incurred. Income from operating subleases, including variable sublease income, is recognized over the term of the sublease and presented as other income.
Asset Impairment
Asset Impairment
We evaluate long-lived assets for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the related carrying amounts of an asset or group of assets may not be recoverable. When impairment indicators are identified, the recoverability of the carrying value of stream and royalty interests in production and development stage mineral properties is evaluated based upon estimated future undiscounted net cash flows from each stream and royalty interest using estimates of proven and probable mineral reserves, mineral resources and other relevant information received from the operators. We evaluate the recoverability of the carrying value of royalty interests in exploration stage mineral properties in the event of significant decreases in the price of gold, silver, copper and other metals, and whenever new information regarding the mineral properties is obtained from the operator indicating that production will not likely occur or may be reduced in the future, thus potentially affecting the future recoverability of our stream or royalty interests. Impairments in the carrying value of each property are measured and recorded to the extent that the carrying value in each property exceeds its estimated fair value, which is generally calculated using estimated future discounted cash flows.
Estimates of gold, silver, copper, and other metal prices, and operators’ estimates of proven and probable mineral reserves or mineral resources related to our stream or royalty properties are subject to certain risks and uncertainties which may affect the recoverability of our investment in these stream and royalty interests in mineral properties. It is possible that changes could occur to these estimates, which could adversely affect the net cash flows expected to be generated from these stream and royalty interests.
Revenue
Revenue
A performance obligation is a promise in a contract to transfer control of a distinct good or service (or integrated package of goods and/or services) to a customer. A contract’s transaction price is allocated to each distinct performance obligation and recognized as revenue when, or as, a performance obligation is satisfied. In accordance with this guidance, revenue attributable to our stream and royalty interests is generally recognized at the point in time that control of the related metal production transfers to our customers. For royalty interests, the transfer of control generally occurs when the mine operator of the property over which the royalty interest is held, delivers the commodity to the customer The amount of revenue we recognize further reflects the consideration to which we are entitled under the respective stream or royalty agreement. A more detailed summary of our revenue recognition policies for our stream and royalty interests is discussed in Note 11.
Metal Sales
Gold, silver and copper received under our metal stream agreements are taken into inventory, and then sold primarily using average spot rate gold, silver and copper forward contracts. The sales price for these average spot rate forward contracts is determined by the average daily gold, silver or copper spot prices during the term of the contract, typically a consecutive number of trading days between ten days and three months (typically depending on the frequency of deliveries under the respective stream agreement and our sales activity in effect at the time) commencing shortly after receipt and purchase of the metal. Revenue from gold, silver and copper sales is recognized on the date of the settlement, which is also the date that title to the metal passes to the purchaser.
Cost of Sales
Cost of Sales
Cost of sales, which excludes depreciation, depletion and amortization, is specific to our stream agreements and is the result of our purchase of gold, silver and copper for a cash payment. The cash payment for gold from Mount Milligan is the lesser of $435 per ounce or the prevailing market price of gold when purchased, while the cash payment for our other streams is a set contractual percentage of the gold, silver, copper and zinc spot price near the date of metal delivery.
Production Taxes
Production Taxes
Certain royalty payments are subject to production taxes (or mining proceeds taxes), which are recognized at the time of revenue recognition. Production taxes are not income taxes and are included within the costs and expenses section in our consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income.
Stock-Based Compensation
Stock-Based Compensation
We recognize all share-based payments to employees in our financial statements based upon their fair values.
Income Taxes
Income Taxes
Our annual tax rate is based on income, statutory tax rates in effect, and tax planning opportunities available to us in the various jurisdictions in which we operate. Significant judgment is required in determining the annual tax expense, current tax assets and liabilities, deferred tax assets and liabilities, and our future taxable income, both as a whole and in various tax jurisdictions, for purposes of assessing our ability to realize future benefit from our deferred tax assets. Actual income taxes could vary from these estimates due to future changes in income tax law, significant changes in the jurisdictions in which we operate or unpredicted results from the final determination of each year’s liability by taxing authorities.
We treat global intangible low-taxed income (“GILTI”) as a period cost and therefore do not record deferred tax impacts of GILTI in our consolidated financial statements. Our deferred income taxes reflect the impact of temporary differences between the reported amounts of assets and liabilities for financial reporting purposes and such amounts measured by tax laws and regulations. In evaluating the realizability of the deferred tax assets, management considers both positive and negative evidence that may exist, such as earnings history, reversal of taxable temporary differences, forecasted operating earnings and available tax planning strategies in each tax jurisdiction. A valuation allowance may be established to reduce our deferred tax assets to the amount that is considered more likely than not to be realized through the generation of future taxable income and other tax planning strategies.
Our operations may involve dealing with uncertainties and judgments in the application of complex tax regulations in multiple jurisdictions. The final taxes paid are dependent upon many factors, including negotiations with taxing authorities in various jurisdictions and resolution of disputes arising from federal, state, and international tax audits. We recognize potential liabilities and record tax liabilities for anticipated tax audit issues in the United States and other tax jurisdictions based on our estimate of whether, and the extent to which, additional taxes will be due. We adjust these reserves in light of changing facts and circumstances, such as the progress of a tax audit; however, due to the complexity of some of these uncertainties, the ultimate resolution could result in a payment that is materially different from our current estimate of the tax liabilities. These differences will be reflected as increases or decreases to income tax expense in the period which they are determined. We recognize interest and penalties, if any, related to unrecognized tax benefits in income tax expense.
Earnings per Share
Earnings per Share
Basic earnings per share is computed by dividing net income available to Royal Gold common stockholders by the weighted average number of outstanding common shares for the period, considering the effect of participating securities. Diluted earnings per share reflect the potential dilution that could occur if securities or other contracts that may require issuance of common shares were converted. Diluted earnings per share is computed by dividing net income available to common stockholders by the diluted weighted average number of common shares outstanding during each period.
Reclassification
Reclassification
Certain amounts and disclosures in prior years have been reclassified to conform to the 2025 presentation.
New Accounting Standards
New Accounting Standards
Recently Adopted Accounting Standards
In December 2023, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) No. 2023-09 “Income Taxes (Topic 740): Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures” to expand the disclosure
requirements for income taxes, specifically related to the rate reconciliation and income taxes paid. ASU 2023-09 is effective for our annual periods beginning January 1, 2025, with early adoption permitted. We adopted this guidance retrospectively for the periods ending December 31, 2025, 2024 and 2023. The changes are reflected in the tax footnote with no impacts to our financial condition or results of operations. See Note 14 for more detail.
In November 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-07 “Segment Reporting (Topic 280): Improvements to Reportable Segment Disclosures” which expands annual and interim disclosure requirements for reportable segments, primarily through enhanced disclosures about significant segment expenses. ASU 2023-07 is effective for our annual periods beginning January 1, 2024, and for interim periods beginning January 1, 2025, with early adoption permitted. We adopted this guidance prospectively for the period ending December 31, 2025, and it only impacted our disclosures with no impacts to our financial condition or results of operations. See Note 18 for more detail.
Recently Issued Accounting Standards
In November 2024, the FASB issued ASU No. 2024-03, Income Statement - Reporting Comprehensive Income - Expense Disaggregation Disclosures (Subtopic 220-40): Disaggregation of Income Statement Expenses. This ASU requires an entity to disclose the amounts of purchases of inventory, employee compensation, depreciation, and intangible asset amortization included in each relevant expense caption. It also requires an entity to include certain amounts that are already required to be disclosed under current GAAP in the same disclosure. Additionally, it requires an entity to disclose a qualitative description of the amounts remaining in relevant expense captions that are not separately disaggregated quantitatively, and to disclose the total amount of selling expenses and, in annual reporting periods, an entity’s definition of selling expenses. The amendments in the ASU are effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2026 and interim reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2027, with early adoption permitted. We are currently evaluating the potential effect that the updated standard will have on our financial statement disclosures.
v3.25.4
Acquisition of Sandstorm Gold and Horizon Copper (Tables)
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2025
Business Combination [Abstract]  
Business Combination, Recognized Asset Acquired and Liability Assumed
The total purchase price of $4.148 billion has been allocated to the net assets acquired based on their respective fair values as follows:
(in thousands)
Cash$60,024 
Royalty receivables
35,374 
Income tax receivable
1,232 
Prepaid expenses and other
1,170 
Stream and royalty interests4,561,177 
Equity method investment
292,089 
Marketable securities
380,269 
Other assets57,125 
Accounts payable
(51,913)
Other current liabilities
(28,932)
Deferred tax liabilities(1,076,909)
Other liabilities(43,754)
Non-controlling interests
(38,797)
Total allocated purchase price$4,148,155 
Business Combination, Pro Forma Information The pro forma results are not necessarily indicative of what would have been achieved had the Transaction been in effect for the periods presented.
Years Ended
December 31, 2025December 31, 2024
(unaudited, in thousands)
Revenue$1,209 $904 
Net income available to Royal Gold common stockholders$444 $362 
v3.25.4
STREAM AND ROYALTY INTERESTS, NET (Tables)
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2025
STREAM AND ROYALTY INTERESTS, NET  
Schedule of stream and royalty interests
The following summarizes our stream and royalty interests as of December 31, 2025 and 2024:
As of December 31, 2025 (Amounts in thousands):CostAccumulated DepletionNet
Production stage interests:
Streams$4,190,864 $(1,359,206)$2,831,658 
Royalties2,319,553 (760,108)1,559,445 
Total production stage interests6,510,417 (2,119,314)4,391,103 
Development stage interests:
Streams936,726 — 936,726 
Royalties581,746 — 581,746 
Total development stage interests1,518,472 — 1,518,472 
Exploration stage interests:
Streams776,358 — 776,358 
Royalties1,897,942 — 1,897,942 
Total exploration stage interests2,674,300 — 2,674,300 
Total stream and royalty interests, net$10,703,189 $(2,119,314)$8,583,875 
As of December 31, 2024 (Amounts in thousands):CostAccumulated DepletionNet
Production stage interests:
Streams$2,472,689 $(1,246,349)$1,226,340 
Royalties1,294,424 (696,357)598,067 
Total production stage interests3,767,113 (1,942,706)1,824,407 
Development stage interests:
Streams12,038 — 12,038 
Royalties154,349 — 154,349 
Total development stage interests166,387 — 166,387 
Exploration stage interests:
Streams14,792 — 14,792 
Royalties1,037,218 — 1,037,218 
Total exploration stage interests1,052,010 — 1,052,010 
Total stream and royalty interests, net$4,985,510 $(1,942,706)$3,042,804 
v3.25.4
MARKETABLE SECURITIES (Tables)
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2025
Investments, Debt and Equity Securities [Abstract]  
Marketable Securities
The Company's marketable securities consist of the following (amounts in thousands):
Fair Value
December 31, 2025December 31, 2024
Available-for-sale equity securities(1)
$120,814 $
Available-for-sale debt securities(2)
52,066 — 
Total marketable securities$172,880 $
_______________________________________________
(1) Fair value adjustment recorded within net income.
(2) Fair value adjustment recorded within other comprehensive income.
v3.25.4
DEBT (Tables)
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2025
Debt Disclosure [Abstract]  
Schedule of debt
The Company’s debt for the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024, consists of the following (amounts in thousands):
As of December 31, 2025As of December 31, 2024
PrincipalDebt Issuance Costs Total Principal
Debt Issuance Costs(1)
Total
Revolving credit facility$900,000 $(4,564)$895,436 $— $— $— 
Total debt$900,000 $(4,564)$895,436 $— $— $— 
_______________________________________________
(1)Debt issuance costs of $3.1 million are included within Other assets on our consolidated balance sheets.
v3.25.4
LEASES (Tables)
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2025
Leases [Abstract]  
Schedule of lease balance sheet locations The following amounts were recorded in the consolidated balance sheets as of December 31, 2025 and 2024 (amounts in thousands):
ClassificationDecember 31, 2025December 31, 2024
Operating Leases
Right-of-use assets - non-currentOther assets33,757 4,318 
Lease liabilities - currentOther current liabilities$4,246 $965 
Lease liabilities - non-currentOther long-term liabilities32,964 4,003 
Total operating lease liabilities$37,210 $4,968 
Schedule of lease maturities
Maturities of operating lease liabilities at December 31, 2025 were as follows (amounts in thousands):
Fiscal Years:Operating Leases
2026$4,488 
20274,739 
20284,557 
20294,538 
20304,224 
Thereafter25,306 
Total lease payments$47,852 
Less imputed interest(10,642)
Total$37,210 
Schedule of other lease information
Other information pertaining to lease liabilities consists of the following:
December 31, 2025December 31, 2024
Operating Lease Term and Discount Rate
Weighted average remaining lease term in years10.85.1
Weighted average discount rate4.5%2.7%
Schedule of sublease payments to be received The following table presents
the undiscounted proceeds we are contractually entitled to receive from operating subleases, not including variable sublease income (amounts in thousands):
Fiscal Years:Operating Subleases
2026$2,224 
20272,228 
20282,247 
20292,254 
20302,376 
Thereafter18,819 
Total$30,148 
v3.25.4
REVENUE (Tables)
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2025
Revenue from Contract with Customer [Abstract]  
Summary of disaggregated revenue
Revenue by metal type attributable to each of our revenue sources is disaggregated as follows (amounts in thousands):
Years Ended
December 31,
2025
December 31,
2024
December 31,
2023
Stream revenue:
Gold$547,867 $367,492 $307,797 
Silver92,383 66,812 64,851 
Copper44,254 48,990 45,632 
Other1,968 — — 
Total stream revenue$686,472 $483,294 $418,280 
Royalty revenue:
Gold$252,018 $176,888 $154,327 
Silver28,455 18,702 8,554 
Copper32,537 17,776 11,792 
Other30,989 22,735 12,764 
Total royalty revenue$343,999 $236,101 $187,437 
Total revenue$1,030,471 $719,395 $605,717 
Revenue by metal type attributable to each of our principal property revenue sources is disaggregated as follows (amounts in thousands):
Years Ended
Metal(s)December 31,
2025
December 31,
2024
December 31,
2023
Stream revenue:
Mount MilliganGold & Copper$223,713 $186,039 $158,167 
Pueblo ViejoGold & Silver129,830 83,059 76,247 
AndacolloGold77,896 47,531 48,920 
KansanshiGold32,279 — — 
OtherVarious222,754 166,665 134,946 
Total stream revenue$686,472 $483,294 $418,280 
Royalty revenue:
Cortez Legacy ZoneGold$31,823 $58,183 $79,920 
Cortez CC ZoneGold35,715 11,611 14,626 
OtherVarious276,461 166,307 92,891 
Total royalty revenue$343,999 $236,101 $187,437 
Total revenue$1,030,471 $719,395 $605,717 
v3.25.4
STOCK-BASED COMPENSATION (Tables)
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2025
Share-Based Payment Arrangement [Abstract]  
Schedule of stock-based compensation expense
We recognized stock-based compensation expense as follows (amounts in thousands):
Years Ended
December 31,
2025
December 31,
2024
December 31,
2023
Restricted stock$7,091 $7,049 $6,191 
Performance stock4,714 4,843 2,953 
Stock appreciation rights— — 533 
Stock options— — 19 
Total stock-based compensation expense$11,805 $11,892 $9,696 
Summary of stock options activity
A summary of stock option activity for the year ended December 31, 2025, is presented below.
Number of
Shares
Weighted-
Average
Exercise
Price
Weighted-
Average
Remaining
Contractual
Life (Years)
Aggregate
Intrinsic Value
(in thousands)
Outstanding at January 1, 20258,061$89.83 
Exercised(5,829)$72.78 
Forfeited$— 
Granted$— 
Outstanding at December 31, 20252,232$134.36 4.3$196 
Exercisable at December 31, 20252,232$134.36 4.3$196 
A summary of Sandstorm option activity for the year ended December 31, 2025, is presented below:
Number of
Shares
Weighted-
Average
Exercise
Price
Weighted-
Average
Remaining
Contractual
Life (Years)
Aggregate
Intrinsic Value
(in thousands)
Outstanding at January 1, 2025$— 
Assumed options as part of Sandstorm acquisition710,780$105.36 
Exercised(166,979)$91.84 
Forfeited$— 
Outstanding at December 31, 2025543,801$109.51 2.3$61,330 
Exercisable at December 31, 2025543,801$109.51 2.3$61,330 
Summary of SSARs activity
A summary of SSARs activity for the year ended December 31, 2025, is presented below:
Number of
Shares
Weighted-
Average
Exercise
Price
Weighted-
Average
Remaining
Contractual
Life (Years)
Aggregate
Intrinsic Value
(in thousands)
Outstanding at January 1, 2025128,386$119.06 
Exercised(47,101)$104.61 
Forfeited$— 
Granted$— 
Outstanding at December 31, 202581,285$127.44 4.0$7,710 
Exercisable at December 31, 202581,285$127.44 4.0$7,710 
Summary of non-vested awards
A summary of the status of our outstanding TSR shares at maximum (200%) attainment for the year ended December 31, 2025, is presented below:
Number of
Shares
Weighted-
Average
Grant Date
Fair Value
Outstanding at January 1, 2025221,458$124.26 
Granted72,120$184.36 
Vested(17,948)$148.89 
Non-attainment(29,283)$145.85 
Forfeited(11,547)$139.59 
Outstanding at December 31, 2025234,800$137.39 
Summary of the status of non-vested restricted stock
A summary of the status of our unvested Restricted Stock for the year ended December 31, 2025, is presented below:
Number of
Shares
Weighted-
Average
Grant Date
Fair Value
Outstanding at January 1, 2025145,946$112.13 
Granted50,264$145.04 
Vested(63,860)$116.88 
Forfeited$— 
Outstanding at December 31, 2025132,350$122.34 
v3.25.4
EARNINGS PER SHARE ("EPS") (Tables)
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2025
Earnings Per Share [Abstract]  
Summary of the effects of dilutive securities on diluted EPS
The following table summarizes the effects of dilutive securities on diluted EPS for the period (amounts in thousands, except share data):
Years Ended
December 31,
2025
December 31,
2024
December 31,
2023
Net income attributable to Royal Gold common stockholders$466,281 $332,023 $239,440 
Weighted-average shares for basic EPS69,424,38165,662,18565,613,002
Effect of other dilutive securities136,530114,649126,108
Weighted-average shares for diluted EPS69,560,91165,776,83465,739,110
Basic EPS$6.70 $5.04 $3.64 
Diluted EPS$6.69 $5.04 $3.63 
v3.25.4
INCOME TAXES (Tables)
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2025
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]  
Components of income before income taxes
For financial reporting purposes, Income before income taxes includes the following components (amounts in thousands):
Years Ended
December 31,
2025
December 31,
2024
December 31,
2023
United States$153,710 $127,366 $64,105 
Foreign420,156 298,726 218,035 
Income before income taxes$573,866 $426,092 $282,140 
Components of income tax expense (benefit)
Our Income tax expense consisted of (amounts in thousands):
Years Ended
December 31,
2025
December 31,
2024
December 31,
2023
Current:
Federal$43,294 $51,643 $24,046 
State(716)715 (68)
Foreign63,638 32,901 24,499 
Current tax expense$106,216 $85,259 $48,477 
Deferred and others:
Federal$589 $(92)$(763)
State104 (2)(14)
Foreign(4,619)8,448 (5,692)
Deferred tax expense$(3,926)$8,354 $(6,469)
Total income tax expense $102,290 $93,613 $42,008 
Schedule of income tax expense (benefit) and effective tax rate
The provision for income taxes for the years ended December 31, 2025, 2024, and 2023 differs from the amount of income tax determined by applying the applicable United States statutory federal income tax rate to pre-tax income (net of non-
controlling interest in income of consolidated subsidiary and loss from equity investment) from operations as a result of the following differences (amounts in thousands):
Years Ended
December 31,
2025
December 31,
2024
December 31,
2023
 Tax Effected Rate Tax Effected Rate Tax Effected Rate
Income taxes at statutory rates$120,512 21.0 %$89,479 21.0 %$59,249 21.0 %
State income taxes, net of federal benefit429 0.1 %914 0.2 %625 0.2 %
Foreign tax effects:
Canada
 Withholding tax less foreign tax credits 7,619 1.3 %— — %(92)— %
 Change in valuation allowance 6,816 1.2 %— — %— — %
 Non taxable income and expenses 7,979 1.4 %(16)— %22 — %
 Other 731 0.1 %1,382 0.3 %397 0.1 %
Switzerland
 Statutory tax rate differential - federal (58,136)(10.1)%(37,273)(8.8)%(27,491)(9.7)%
 Cantonal taxes 19,675 3.4 %13,216 3.1 %9,504 3.4 %
 Other 2,247 0.4 %1,298 0.3 %(1,024)(0.4)%
 Additional recoverable basis (16,264)(2.8)%— — %— — %
 Change in valuation allowance — — %— — %(8,462)(3.0)%
Mexico
 Withholding taxes, net of refund 11,893 2.1 %15,656 3.7 %8,125 2.9 %
Other foreign jurisdictions315 0.1 %826 0.2 %293 0.1 %
Effects of cross-border tax law:
GILTI & subpart F, net of foreign tax credits15,576 2.7 %22,087 5.2 %7,235 2.6 %
Tax credits:
Foreign tax credits(10,944)(1.9)%(16,166)(3.8)%(8,598)(3.1)%
Change in valuation allowance(4,118)(0.7)%3,873 0.9 %3,180 1.1 %
Nontaxable or nondeductible items:
Excess depletion(2,548)(0.4)%(2,473)(0.6)%(2,259)(0.8)%
Statutory tax attributes to non-controlling interest(1,044)(0.2)%(74)— %(118)— %
Other(63)— %884 0.2 %1,421 0.5 %
Non-deductible acquisition cost1,615 0.3 %— — %— — %
Total income tax expense$102,290 17.8 %$93,613 22.0 %$42,008 14.9 %
Schedule of supplemental cash flow information
Cash taxes paid consisted of (amounts in thousands):
Year Ended December 31, 2025
United States$41,111 
Switzerland
Federal21,859 
Cantonal8,616 
Mexico11,187 
Australia6,825 
Other5,750 
Total cash taxes paid$95,348 
Year Ended December 31, 2024
United States$33,608 
Switzerland
Federal15,794 
Cantonal3,502 
Mexico12,058 
Australia5,118 
Other2,028 
Total cash taxes paid$72,108 
Year Ended December 31, 2023
United States$14,261 
Switzerland
Federal17,070 
Cantonal1,967 
Mexico10,160 
Canada2,362 
Other4,483 
Total cash taxes paid$50,303 
Our supplemental cash flow information for the years ended December 31, 2025, 2024 and 2023 is as follows (amounts in thousands):
Years Ended
December 31,
2025
December 31,
2024
December 31,
2023
Cash paid during the period for:
Interest$19,484 $6,593 $28,054 
Income taxes, net of refunds$95,348 $72,108 $50,303 
Non-cash investing and financing activities:
Share issuance to Sandstorm shareholders$3,597,560 $— $— 
Sandstorm assumed stock options$80,602 $— $— 
Dividends declared$129,101 $108,556 $100,232 
Schedule of deferred tax assets and liabilities
The tax effects of temporary differences and carryforwards, which give rise to our deferred tax assets and liabilities on December 31, 2025 and 2024 are as follows (amounts in thousands):
December 31,
2025
December 31,
2024
Deferred tax assets:
Stock-based compensation$3,229 $1,989 
Net operating losses54,455 5,863 
Foreign tax credits35,630 39,748 
Amortizable tax goodwill41,249 37,672 
Other tax attributes10,871 1,784 
Capital losses8,673 1,853 
Lease liability9,805 1,067 
Other1,896 1,788 
Total deferred tax assets165,808 91,764 
Valuation allowance(86,747)(44,656)
Net deferred tax assets$79,061 $47,108 
Deferred tax liabilities:
Mineral property basis$(1,117,909)$(123,482)
Equity method investments(84,036)— 
Marketable securities(6,941)— 
Lease right-of-use asset(8,913)(930)
Other(793)(836)
Total deferred tax liabilities$(1,218,592)$(125,248)
Total net deferred taxes$(1,139,531)$(78,140)
v3.25.4
SUPPLEMENTAL CASH FLOW INFORMATION (Tables)
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2025
Supplemental Cash Flow Elements [Abstract]  
Schedule of supplemental cash flow information
Cash taxes paid consisted of (amounts in thousands):
Year Ended December 31, 2025
United States$41,111 
Switzerland
Federal21,859 
Cantonal8,616 
Mexico11,187 
Australia6,825 
Other5,750 
Total cash taxes paid$95,348 
Year Ended December 31, 2024
United States$33,608 
Switzerland
Federal15,794 
Cantonal3,502 
Mexico12,058 
Australia5,118 
Other2,028 
Total cash taxes paid$72,108 
Year Ended December 31, 2023
United States$14,261 
Switzerland
Federal17,070 
Cantonal1,967 
Mexico10,160 
Canada2,362 
Other4,483 
Total cash taxes paid$50,303 
Our supplemental cash flow information for the years ended December 31, 2025, 2024 and 2023 is as follows (amounts in thousands):
Years Ended
December 31,
2025
December 31,
2024
December 31,
2023
Cash paid during the period for:
Interest$19,484 $6,593 $28,054 
Income taxes, net of refunds$95,348 $72,108 $50,303 
Non-cash investing and financing activities:
Share issuance to Sandstorm shareholders$3,597,560 $— $— 
Sandstorm assumed stock options$80,602 $— $— 
Dividends declared$129,101 $108,556 $100,232 
v3.25.4
FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS (Tables)
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2025
Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract]  
Schedule of Assets Measured at Fair Value on a Recurring Basis
The following table sets forth our financial assets measured at fair value on a recurring basis (at least annually) by level within the fair value hierarchy.
Fair Value at December 31, 2025
TotalLevel 1Level 2Level 3
(in thousands)
Assets(1):
Available-for-sale equity securities$120,814 $120,814 $— $— 
Available-for-sale debt securities52,066 — 52,066 — 
Fair Value at December 31, 2024
TotalLevel 1Level 2Level 3
(in thousands)
Assets(1):
Available-for-sale equity securities$$$— $— 
______________________________________________
(1) Included in Marketable securities on our consolidated balance sheets.
v3.25.4
MAJOR SOURCES OF REVENUE (Tables)
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2025
MAJOR SOURCES OF REVENUE  
Schedule of major sources of revenue
Operators that contributed greater than 10% of our total revenue for the years ended December 31, 2025, 2024 and 2023 were as follows (revenue amounts in thousands):
Years Ended
December 31,
2025
December 31,
2024
December 31,
2023
OperatorRevenuePercentage of total revenueRevenuePercentage of total revenueRevenuePercentage of total revenue
Centerra$223,713 21.7 %$186,039 25.9 %$158,167 26.1 %
Barrick132,623 12.9 %84,961 11.8 %75,259 12.4 %
Nevada Gold Mines79,121 7.7 %79,473 11.0 %101,870 16.8 %
v3.25.4
SEGMENT INFORMATION (Tables)
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2025
Segment Reporting [Abstract]  
Schedule of geographical distribution of long-lived assets
We manage our business under two reportable segments, consisting of the acquisition and management of stream interests and the acquisition and management of royalty interests. Our President and Chief Executive Officer serves as our Chief Operating Decision Maker (“CODM”) and is responsible for reviewing segment performance and making decisions regarding resource allocation. In addition to revenue, our CODM regularly reviews cost of sales, production taxes and depletion for each of our reportable segments. Royal Gold’s long-lived assets (stream and royalty interests, net) as of December 31, 2025 and 2024 are geographically distributed as shown in the following table (amounts in thousands):
As of December 31, 2025As of December 31, 2024
Stream
interest
Royalty
interest
Total stream
and royalty
interests, net
Stream
interest
Royalty
interest
Total stream
and royalty
interests, net
North America$1,214,810 $1,834,921 $3,049,731 $719,765 $1,520,147 $2,239,912 
South and Central America1,045,620 1,846,211 2,891,831 284,340 249,901 534,241 
EMEA2,270,717 309,467 2,580,184 249,065 321 249,386 
Australia Pacific13,595 48,534 62,129 — 19,265 19,265 
Total (1)
$4,544,742 $4,039,133 $8,583,875 $1,253,170 $1,789,634 $3,042,804 
_______________________________________________________
(1)Includes the carrying value of all stream and royalty interests acquired during the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024.
Schedule of reportable segments for assessing performance
Our reportable segments for purposes of assessing performance are shown below (amounts in thousands):
Year Ended December 31, 2025
Revenue
Cost of sales(1)
Production taxes
Depletion(2)
Segment gross profit
Stream interests$686,472 $130,926 $— $112,858 $442,688 
Royalty interests343,999 — 8,605 63,752 271,642 
Total$1,030,471 $130,926 $8,605 $176,610 $714,330 
Year Ended December 31, 2024
Revenue
Cost of sales(1)
Production taxes
Depletion(2)
Segment gross profit
Stream interests$483,294 $97,514 $— $102,800 $282,980 
Royalty interests236,101 — 6,622 41,285 188,194 
Total$719,395 $97,514 $6,622 $144,085 $471,174 
Year Ended December 31, 2023
Revenue
Cost of sales(1)
Production taxes
Depletion(2)
Segment gross profit
Stream interests$418,280 $90,523 $— $121,121 $206,636 
Royalty interests187,437 — 7,294 43,385 136,758 
Total$605,717 $90,523 $7,294 $164,506 $343,394 
_______________________________________________________
(1)Excludes depreciation, depletion and amortization
(2)Depletion amounts are included within Depreciation, depletion and amortization on our consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income
Schedule of reconciliation of segment gross profit to consolidated income (loss)
A reconciliation of total segment gross profit to the consolidated Income before income taxes is shown below (amounts in thousands):
Years Ended
December 31,
2025
December 31,
2024
December 31,
2023
Total segment gross profit$714,330 $471,174 $343,394 
Costs and expenses
General and administrative expenses49,183 40,934 39,761 
Depreciation and amortization472 341 431 
Acquisition related costs26,508 — — 
Operating income638,167 429,899 303,202 
Fair value changes in equity securities327 (66)(147)
Loss on sale of marketable securities(50,017)— — 
Interest and other income14,411 6,008 9,952 
Interest and other expense(29,022)(9,749)(30,867)
Income before income taxes$573,866 $426,092 $282,140 
Schedule of revenue by reportable segment geographically distributed
Our revenue by reportable segment for the years ended December 31, 2025, 2024 and 2023 is geographically distributed as shown in the following table (amounts in thousands):
Years Ended
December 31,
2025
December 31,
2024
December 31,
2023
Stream interests(1):
North America$440,738 $314,860 $273,208 
EMEA137,281 82,132 70,757 
South and Central America107,444 86,302 74,315 
Australia Pacific1,009 — — 
Total stream interests$686,472 $483,294 $418,280 
Royalty interests:
North America$263,332 $192,999 $162,155 
Australia Pacific40,349 28,966 19,011 
South and Central America38,119 14,136 5,736 
EMEA2,199 — 535 
Total royalty interests343,999 236,101 187,437 
Total revenue$1,030,471 $719,395 $605,717 
_______________________________________________________
(1)Stream revenue from the following customers exceeded 10% or our revenue for the years ended December 31, 2025, 2024 and 2023: Bank of Montreal $386.9 million (38%), $248.7 million (35%), and $311.6 million (51%) and StoneX $272.5 million (26%), $204.8 million (28%) and $61.1 million (10%), respectively.
v3.25.4
SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES AND RECENTLY ADOPTED AND ISSUED ACCOUNTING PRONOUNCEMENTS (Details)
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2025
$ / oz
Mt. Milligan  
New Accounting Pronouncements or Change in Accounting Principle [Line Items]  
Cash payment for each ounce of gold (in dollars per ounce) 435
Minimum  
New Accounting Pronouncements or Change in Accounting Principle [Line Items]  
Term of the contract 10 days
Maximum  
New Accounting Pronouncements or Change in Accounting Principle [Line Items]  
Term of the contract 3 months
v3.25.4
Acquisition of Sandstorm Gold and Horizon Copper - Narrative (Details)
$ in Thousands, $ in Millions
12 Months Ended
Oct. 20, 2025
USD ($)
shares
Oct. 20, 2025
CAD ($)
shares
Dec. 31, 2025
USD ($)
shares
Dec. 31, 2024
USD ($)
shares
Dec. 31, 2023
USD ($)
Business Combination [Line Items]          
Common stock, shares outstanding (in shares) | shares 84,500,000   84,499,692 65,691,151  
Acquisition related costs     $ 26,508 $ 0 $ 0
Sandstorm          
Business Combination [Line Items]          
Business combination, shares issued (in shares) | shares 18,600,000 18,600,000      
Business combination, stock options assumed (in shares) | shares 700,000 700,000      
Payments to acquire businesses, gross $ 380,900        
Horizon          
Business Combination [Line Items]          
Payments to acquire businesses, gross 90,400 $ 127.1      
Business combination, warrants and rights outstanding 28,900 $ 40.6      
Sandstorm And Horizon          
Business Combination [Line Items]          
Business combination, consideration transferred $ 4,148,155        
Business combination, acquiree's revenue since acquisition date     49,200    
Business combination, acquiree costs since acquisition date     $ 26,500    
v3.25.4
Acquisition of Sandstorm Gold and Horizon Copper - Business Combination, Recognized Asset Acquired and Liability Assumed (Details) - Sandstorm And Horizon
$ in Thousands
Oct. 20, 2025
USD ($)
Business Combination [Line Items]  
Cash $ 60,024
Royalty receivables 35,374
Income tax receivable 1,232
Prepaid expenses and other 1,170
Stream and royalty interests 4,561,177
Equity method investment 292,089
Marketable securities 380,269
Other assets 57,125
Accounts payable (51,913)
Other current liabilities (28,932)
Deferred tax liabilities (1,076,909)
Other liabilities (43,754)
Non-controlling interests (38,797)
Total allocated purchase price $ 4,148,155
v3.25.4
Acquisition of Sandstorm Gold and Horizon Copper - Pro Forma Information (Details) - Sandstorm And Horizon - USD ($)
$ in Thousands
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2025
Dec. 31, 2024
Business Combination [Line Items]    
Revenue $ 1,209 $ 904
Net income available to Royal Gold common stockholders $ 444 $ 362
v3.25.4
STREAM AND ROYALTY ACQUISITIONS (Details)
$ in Millions
3 Months Ended 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2025
oz
Sep. 30, 2025
USD ($)
Aug. 05, 2025
USD ($)
oz
May 21, 2025
kilometer
oz
May 16, 2025
USD ($)
Mar. 28, 2025
USD ($)
oz
Mar. 31, 2026
USD ($)
Dec. 31, 2025
USD ($)
oz
Revolving Credit Facility | Credit Facility | Line of Credit                
Asset Acquisition [Line Items]                
Proceeds from lines of credit | $     $ 825.0          
Kansanshi Gold Stream Acquisition                
Asset Acquisition [Line Items]                
Cash consideration paid | $     $ 1,000.0          
Kansanshi Gold Stream Acquisition | Production Threshold One                
Asset Acquisition [Line Items]                
Asset acquisition, ounces of gold produced per million pounds of recovered copper | oz     75          
Asset acquisition, gold delivered, weight (ounces) | oz     425,000          
Kansanshi Gold Stream Acquisition | Production Threshold Two                
Asset Acquisition [Line Items]                
Asset acquisition, ounces of gold produced per million pounds of recovered copper | oz     55          
Kansanshi Gold Stream Acquisition | Production Threshold Two | Minimum                
Asset Acquisition [Line Items]                
Asset acquisition, gold delivered, weight (ounces) | oz     425,001          
Kansanshi Gold Stream Acquisition | Production Threshold Two | Maximum                
Asset Acquisition [Line Items]                
Asset acquisition, gold delivered, weight (ounces) | oz     650,000          
Kansanshi Gold Stream Acquisition | Production Threshold Three                
Asset Acquisition [Line Items]                
Asset acquisition, ounces of gold produced per million pounds of recovered copper | oz     45          
Kansanshi Gold Stream Acquisition | Acceleration Option 1                
Asset Acquisition [Line Items]                
Adjusted ratio of debt to earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization     2.25          
Asset acquisition, gold option, exercisable period (in years)     1 year          
Asset acquisition, gold deliverable, value | $     $ 200.0          
Asset acquisition, gold deliverable, threshold period (in months)     14 months          
Asset acquisition, reduction in stream rate and delivery thresholds, percentage     20.00%          
Asset acquisition, cash purchase price, percentage of spot price, gold     20.00%          
Kansanshi Gold Stream Acquisition | Acceleration Option 2                
Asset Acquisition [Line Items]                
Adjusted ratio of debt to earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization     1.25          
Asset acquisition, gold option, exercisable period (in years)     1 year          
Asset acquisition, gold deliverable, value | $     $ 100.0          
Asset acquisition, gold deliverable, threshold period (in months)     7 months          
Asset acquisition, reduction in stream rate and delivery thresholds, percentage     10.00%          
Asset acquisition, cash purchase price, percentage of spot price, gold     35.00%          
Warintza Project Stream and Royalty                
Asset Acquisition [Line Items]                
Conditional funding from acquisition | $               $ 100.0
Warintza Project Stream and Royalty | Forecast                
Asset Acquisition [Line Items]                
Cash consideration paid | $             $ 200.0  
Asset acquisition, cash paid for royalty and streaming agreements | $             100.0  
Warintza Project Stream and Royalty | Environmental Impact Milestone | Forecast                
Asset Acquisition [Line Items]                
Conditional funding from acquisition | $             50.0  
Warintza Project Stream and Royalty | Security Milestone | Forecast                
Asset Acquisition [Line Items]                
Conditional funding from acquisition | $             $ 50.0  
Gold Stream Agreement                
Asset Acquisition [Line Items]                
Asset acquisition, ounces of gold produced per million pounds of recovered copper | oz       20        
Asset acquisition, cash purchase price, percentage of spot price, gold       20.00%        
Asset acquisition, gold delivery, threshold, ounces | oz       90,000        
Asset acquisition, spot price, gold, percentage       60.00%        
Gold Stream Agreement | Minimum                
Asset Acquisition [Line Items]                
Area of interest | kilometer       31        
Gold Stream Agreement | Maximum                
Asset Acquisition [Line Items]                
Area of interest | kilometer       186        
Gold Stream Royalty Agreement                
Asset Acquisition [Line Items]                
Area of interest | kilometer       186        
Net smelter return (NSR) percentage       0.30%        
Asset acquisition, annually increased NSR rate       0.0375%        
Asset acquisition, maximum of NSR rate       0.60%        
Asset acquisition, early termination, NSR rate       0.0060        
Asset acquisition, area of interest, reduction | kilometer       31        
Lawyers Ranch Project Royalty                
Asset Acquisition [Line Items]                
Cash consideration paid | $         $ 12.5      
Net smelter return (NSR) percentage         2.00%      
Additional Xavantina Stream                
Asset Acquisition [Line Items]                
Cash consideration paid | $   $ 50.0       $ 50.0    
Asset acquisition, gold delivery, threshold, ounces | oz 160,000         93,000   160,000
Asset acquisition, spot price, gold, percentage 40.00%              
Asset acquisition, stream rate, percentage 25.00%              
Xavantina Base Stream And Additional Stream                
Asset Acquisition [Line Items]                
Asset acquisition, gold delivered, weight (ounces) | oz 54,900             54,900
Asset acquisition, cash purchase price, percentage of spot price, gold 20.00%             20.00%
Asset acquisition, gold delivery, threshold, ounces | oz 49,000             49,000
Asset acquisition, spot price, gold, percentage 40.00%              
Kansanshi | Subsidiary Of First Quantum Minerals Ltd                
Asset Acquisition [Line Items]                
Ownership interest held by parent, percentage     0.80          
v3.25.4
STREAM AND ROYALTY INTERESTS, NET - Summary (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Thousands
Dec. 31, 2025
Dec. 31, 2024
Oil and Gas, Full Cost Method, Capitalized Cost Excluded from Amortization [Line Items]    
Cost $ 10,703,189  
Accumulated Depletion (2,119,314)  
Net 8,583,875 $ 3,042,804
Production Stage Stream And Royalty Interests    
Oil and Gas, Full Cost Method, Capitalized Cost Excluded from Amortization [Line Items]    
Cost 6,510,417 3,767,113
Accumulated Depletion (2,119,314) (1,942,706)
Net 4,391,103 1,824,407
Production Stage Stream Interests    
Oil and Gas, Full Cost Method, Capitalized Cost Excluded from Amortization [Line Items]    
Cost 4,190,864 2,472,689
Accumulated Depletion (1,359,206) (1,246,349)
Net 2,831,658 1,226,340
Production Stage Royalty Interests    
Oil and Gas, Full Cost Method, Capitalized Cost Excluded from Amortization [Line Items]    
Cost 2,319,553 1,294,424
Accumulated Depletion (760,108) (696,357)
Net 1,559,445 598,067
Development Stage Stream And Royalty Interests    
Oil and Gas, Full Cost Method, Capitalized Cost Excluded from Amortization [Line Items]    
Cost 1,518,472 166,387
Accumulated Depletion 0 0
Net 1,518,472 166,387
Development Stage Stream Interests    
Oil and Gas, Full Cost Method, Capitalized Cost Excluded from Amortization [Line Items]    
Cost 936,726 12,038
Accumulated Depletion 0 0
Net 936,726 12,038
Development Stage Royalty Interests    
Oil and Gas, Full Cost Method, Capitalized Cost Excluded from Amortization [Line Items]    
Cost 581,746 154,349
Accumulated Depletion 0 0
Net 581,746 154,349
Exploration Stage Stream And Royalty Interests    
Oil and Gas, Full Cost Method, Capitalized Cost Excluded from Amortization [Line Items]    
Cost 2,674,300 1,052,010
Accumulated Depletion 0 0
Net 2,674,300 1,052,010
Exploration Stage Stream Interests    
Oil and Gas, Full Cost Method, Capitalized Cost Excluded from Amortization [Line Items]    
Cost 776,358 14,792
Accumulated Depletion 0 0
Net 776,358 14,792
Exploration Stage Royalty Interests    
Oil and Gas, Full Cost Method, Capitalized Cost Excluded from Amortization [Line Items]    
Cost 1,897,942 1,037,218
Accumulated Depletion 0 0
Net $ 1,897,942 1,037,218
Total Stream And Royalty Interests    
Oil and Gas, Full Cost Method, Capitalized Cost Excluded from Amortization [Line Items]    
Cost   4,985,510
Accumulated Depletion   (1,942,706)
Net   $ 3,042,804
v3.25.4
EQUITY METHOD INVESTMENT- Narrative (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Thousands
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2025
Dec. 31, 2024
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]    
Equity method investment (Note 6) $ 300,854 $ 0
Artmin | Related Party    
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]    
Payments for advance to affiliate $ 51,400  
Related party transaction, rate 4.00%  
Related party transaction, term 5 years  
Hod Maden Interest    
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]    
Equity method investment, ownership percentage 30.00%  
Equity method investment (Note 6) $ 249,500  
v3.25.4
MARKETABLE SECURITIES - Schedule of Marketable Securities (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Thousands
Dec. 31, 2025
Dec. 31, 2024
Investments, Debt and Equity Securities [Abstract]    
Available-for-sale equity securities $ 120,814 $ 6
Available-for-sale debt securities 52,066 0
Total marketable securities $ 172,880 $ 6
v3.25.4
MARKETABLE SECURITIES - Narrative (Details)
$ / shares in Units, $ / shares in Units, $ in Thousands, $ in Millions
Nov. 17, 2025
USD ($)
$ / shares
shares
Nov. 17, 2025
CAD ($)
shares
Oct. 20, 2025
USD ($)
$ / shares
shares
Dec. 31, 2025
USD ($)
Dec. 31, 2024
USD ($)
Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale [Line Items]          
Available-for-sale equity securities       $ 120,814 $ 6
Available-for-sale debt securities       52,066 $ 0
Bear Creek Convertible Debenture | Convertible Debt          
Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale [Line Items]          
Debt instrument, face amount     $ 49,500    
Debt instrument, interest rate, stated percentage     7.00%    
Debt instrument, common shares strike price (in dollars per share) | $ / shares     $ 0.73    
Entree Resources Ltd.          
Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale [Line Items]          
Investment owned, balance (in shares) | shares     50,297,717    
Available-for-sale equity securities       76,700  
Equity ownership percentage     24.00%    
Versamet Royalties Corporation          
Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale [Line Items]          
Investment owned, balance (in shares) | shares     23,654,545    
Equity ownership percentage     25.00%    
Sale of stock, price per share (in dollars per share) | $ / shares $ 8.75        
Sale of stock, consideration received $ 147,400 $ 207.0      
Equity securities, fv-ni, loss on sale $ 48,000        
Versamet Royalties Corporation | Tether          
Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale [Line Items]          
Sale of stock, number of shares issued (in shares) | shares 11,827,273 11,827,273      
Versamet Royalties Corporation | Nemesia          
Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale [Line Items]          
Sale of stock, number of shares issued (in shares) | shares 11,827,272 11,827,272      
Bear Creek          
Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale [Line Items]          
Available-for-sale debt securities       $ 52,100  
v3.25.4
DEBT (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Thousands
Dec. 31, 2025
Dec. 31, 2024
Long-term debt disclosure    
Principal $ 900,000 $ 0
Debt Issuance Costs (4,564) 0
Total 895,436 0
Credit Facility    
Long-term debt disclosure    
Principal 900,000 0
Debt Issuance Costs (4,564) 0
Total $ 895,436 0
Credit Facility | Other Noncurrent Assets    
Long-term debt disclosure    
Debt Issuance Costs   $ (3,100)
v3.25.4
DEBT - Narrative (Details)
$ in Thousands
1 Months Ended 3 Months Ended 12 Months Ended
Feb. 19, 2026
USD ($)
Jan. 31, 2026
USD ($)
Dec. 31, 2025
USD ($)
Dec. 31, 2025
USD ($)
Dec. 31, 2024
USD ($)
Dec. 31, 2023
USD ($)
Aug. 05, 2025
USD ($)
Jul. 31, 2025
USD ($)
Jun. 26, 2025
USD ($)
Jun. 25, 2025
USD ($)
Long-term debt disclosure                    
Borrowings from revolving credit facility       $ 1,275,000 $ 0 $ 0        
Amount outstanding     $ 900,000 900,000 0          
Credit Facility                    
Long-term debt disclosure                    
Interest expense recognized       23,400 6,300 $ 28,400        
Amount outstanding     900,000 900,000 $ 0          
Revolving Credit Facility | Credit Facility | Line of Credit                    
Long-term debt disclosure                    
Accordion feature, increase limit               $ 400,000 $ 400,000 $ 250,000
Accordion feature, higher borrowing capacity option             $ 1,400,000      
Borrowings from revolving credit facility       1,275,000            
Repayment of debt     375,000              
Outstanding amount     900,000 900,000            
Line of credit facility, remaining borrowing capacity     $ 500,000 $ 500,000            
Basis spread on variable rate       1.20%            
Interest rate, effective percentage     5.10% 5.10%            
Revolving Credit Facility | Credit Facility | Line of Credit | Subsequent Event                    
Long-term debt disclosure                    
Borrowings from revolving credit facility $ 100,000 $ 75,000                
Line of credit facility, remaining borrowing capacity 675,000                  
Amount outstanding $ 725,000                  
Revolving Credit Facility | Credit Facility | Line of Credit | All Times After The Two Fiscal Quarters Following The Acquisition                    
Long-term debt disclosure                    
Maximum leverage ratio                 4.00 3.50
Revolving Credit Facility | Credit Facility | Line of Credit | Two Fiscal Quarters Following The Acquisition                    
Long-term debt disclosure                    
Maximum leverage ratio                   4.00
v3.25.4
LEASES - Narrative (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Thousands
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2025
Dec. 31, 2024
Dec. 31, 2023
Oct. 20, 2025
Leases [Abstract]        
Operating Lease, Liability, Statement of Financial Position [Extensible Enumeration] Other current liabilities, Other liabilities Other current liabilities, Other liabilities   Other current liabilities, Other liabilities
Operating lease, liability $ 37,210 $ 4,968   $ 32,900
Operating Lease, Right-of-Use Asset, Statement of Financial Position [Extensible Enumeration]       Other assets
Operating lease, right-of-use asset       $ 30,700
Operating lease, option to extend, term (in years)       10 years
Operating lease expense $ 2,000 $ 1,000 $ 1,000  
v3.25.4
LEASES - Lease balance sheet (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Thousands
Dec. 31, 2025
Oct. 20, 2025
Dec. 31, 2024
Leases [Abstract]      
Right-of-use assets - non-current $ 33,757   $ 4,318
Operating Lease, Liability, Current, Statement of Financial Position [Extensible Enumeration] Other current liabilities   Other current liabilities
Lease liabilities - current $ 4,246   $ 965
Operating Lease, Liability, Noncurrent, Statement of Financial Position [Extensible Enumeration] Other liabilities   Other liabilities
Lease liabilities - non-current $ 32,964   $ 4,003
Operating Lease, Liability, Statement of Financial Position [Extensible Enumeration] Other current liabilities, Other liabilities Other current liabilities, Other liabilities Other current liabilities, Other liabilities
Total operating lease liabilities $ 37,210 $ 32,900 $ 4,968
v3.25.4
LEASES - Lease maturities (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Thousands
Dec. 31, 2025
Oct. 20, 2025
Dec. 31, 2024
Leases [Abstract]      
2026 $ 4,488    
2027 4,739    
2028 4,557    
2029 4,538    
2030 4,224    
Thereafter 25,306    
Total lease payments 47,852    
Less imputed interest (10,642)    
Total $ 37,210 $ 32,900 $ 4,968
v3.25.4
LEASES - Lease other (Details)
Dec. 31, 2025
Dec. 31, 2024
Leases [Abstract]    
Weighted average remaining lease term in years 10 years 9 months 18 days 5 years 1 month 6 days
Weighted average discount rate 4.50% 2.70%
v3.25.4
LEASES - Operating Subleases (Details)
$ in Thousands
Dec. 31, 2025
USD ($)
Leases [Abstract]  
2026 $ 2,224
2027 2,228
2028 2,247
2029 2,254
2030 2,376
Thereafter 18,819
Total $ 30,148
v3.25.4
MOUNT MILLIGAN DEFERRED LIABILITY (Details)
$ in Thousands
Oct. 03, 2025
USD ($)
oz
Dec. 31, 2025
USD ($)
oz
Dec. 31, 2024
USD ($)
Feb. 13, 2024
USD ($)
oz
Deposit Liability [Line Items]        
Mount Milligan deferred liability (Note 10) | $   $ 69,211 $ 25,000  
Mount Milligan        
Deposit Liability [Line Items]        
Mount Milligan deferred liability (Note 10) | $   $ 69,200   $ 24,500
Value of consideration, nonmonetary amount, gold | oz   38,889   50,000
Gold delivered, ounces | oz 11,111      
Gold sold, ounces | oz 11,111      
Proceeds from gold sold | $ $ 44,200      
v3.25.4
REVENUE - Narrative (Details)
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2025
segment
Disaggregation of Revenue  
Number of reportable segments 2
Minimum  
Disaggregation of Revenue  
Average sale price determination period 10 days
Maximum  
Disaggregation of Revenue  
Average sale price determination period 3 months
v3.25.4
REVENUE - Metal Disaggregation (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Thousands
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2025
Dec. 31, 2024
Dec. 31, 2023
Disaggregation of Revenue      
Revenue $ 1,030,471 $ 719,395 $ 605,717
Stream interest      
Disaggregation of Revenue      
Revenue 686,472 483,294 418,280
Stream interest | Gold      
Disaggregation of Revenue      
Revenue 547,867 367,492 307,797
Stream interest | Silver      
Disaggregation of Revenue      
Revenue 92,383 66,812 64,851
Stream interest | Copper      
Disaggregation of Revenue      
Revenue 44,254 48,990 45,632
Stream interest | Other      
Disaggregation of Revenue      
Revenue 1,968 0 0
Royalty interest      
Disaggregation of Revenue      
Revenue 343,999 236,101 187,437
Royalty interest | Gold      
Disaggregation of Revenue      
Revenue 252,018 176,888 154,327
Royalty interest | Silver      
Disaggregation of Revenue      
Revenue 28,455 18,702 8,554
Royalty interest | Copper      
Disaggregation of Revenue      
Revenue 32,537 17,776 11,792
Royalty interest | Other      
Disaggregation of Revenue      
Revenue $ 30,989 $ 22,735 $ 12,764
v3.25.4
REVENUE - Property Disaggregation (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Thousands
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2025
Dec. 31, 2024
Dec. 31, 2023
Disaggregation of Revenue      
Revenue $ 1,030,471 $ 719,395 $ 605,717
Stream interest      
Disaggregation of Revenue      
Revenue 686,472 483,294 418,280
Stream interest | Mt. Milligan      
Disaggregation of Revenue      
Revenue 223,713 186,039 158,167
Stream interest | Pueblo Viejo      
Disaggregation of Revenue      
Revenue 129,830 83,059 76,247
Stream interest | Andacollo      
Disaggregation of Revenue      
Revenue 77,896 47,531 48,920
Stream interest | Kansanshi      
Disaggregation of Revenue      
Revenue 32,279 0 0
Stream interest | Other      
Disaggregation of Revenue      
Revenue 222,754 166,665 134,946
Royalty interest      
Disaggregation of Revenue      
Revenue 343,999 236,101 187,437
Royalty interest | Cortez Legacy Zone      
Disaggregation of Revenue      
Revenue 31,823 58,183 79,920
Royalty interest | Cortez CC Zone      
Disaggregation of Revenue      
Revenue 35,715 11,611 14,626
Royalty interest | Other      
Disaggregation of Revenue      
Revenue $ 276,461 $ 166,307 $ 92,891
v3.25.4
STOCK-BASED COMPENSATION - Narrative (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Millions
12 Months Ended
Oct. 20, 2025
Dec. 31, 2025
Dec. 31, 2024
Dec. 31, 2023
May 22, 2025
Stock-based compensation          
Common stock authorized for future grants (in shares)         2,114,883
Contractual term of awards   10 years      
Sandstorm          
Stock-based compensation          
Business combination, stock options assumed (in shares) 700,000        
Stock options          
Stock-based compensation          
Granted (in shares)   0 0 0  
Intrinsic value of options exercised   $ 0.6 $ 0.2 $ 0.5  
Unrecognized compensation expense   0.0      
Stock options | Sandstorm          
Stock-based compensation          
Intrinsic value of options exercised   17.2      
Stock appreciation rights          
Stock-based compensation          
Unrecognized compensation expense   0.0      
Total intrinsic value   $ 3.8 $ 1.4 $ 0.7  
Other than options granted (in shares)   0      
Total Shareholder Return Shares          
Stock-based compensation          
Continuous service period for awards to vest   3 years      
Contractual term of awards   3 years      
Earn out basis if no goals are met (as a percent)   0.00%      
Earn out basis if some goals are met (as a percent)   100.00%      
Earn out basis if all goals are met (as a percent)   200.00%      
Performance stock          
Stock-based compensation          
Unrecognized compensation expense   $ 6.3      
Earn out basis if all goals are met (as a percent)   200.00%      
Share-based payment arrangement, nonvested award, cost not yet recognized, period for recognition   1 year 9 months 18 days      
Other than options granted (in shares)   72,120      
Restricted stock          
Stock-based compensation          
Unrecognized compensation expense   $ 6.8      
Share-based payment arrangement, nonvested award, cost not yet recognized, period for recognition   1 year 8 months 12 days      
Other than options granted (in shares)   50,264      
Restricted stock | Officers and Certain Employees          
Stock-based compensation          
Other than options granted (in shares)   44,060      
Vesting period   3 years 3 years 3 years  
Restricted stock | Non Executive Directors          
Stock-based compensation          
Other than options granted (in shares)   6,204      
Vesting period   1 year      
Vesting (as a percent)   50.00%      
Percentage of shares granted to non-executive directors, vesting one year after date of grant   50.00%      
Minimum          
Stock-based compensation          
Continuous service period for awards to vest   1 year      
Maximum          
Stock-based compensation          
Continuous service period for awards to vest   3 years      
v3.25.4
STOCK-BASED COMPENSATION - Expense (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Thousands
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2025
Dec. 31, 2024
Dec. 31, 2023
Stock-based compensation      
Total stock-based compensation expense $ 11,805 $ 11,892 $ 9,696
Restricted stock      
Stock-based compensation      
Total stock-based compensation expense 7,091 7,049 6,191
Performance stock      
Stock-based compensation      
Total stock-based compensation expense 4,714 4,843 2,953
Stock appreciation rights      
Stock-based compensation      
Total stock-based compensation expense 0 0 533
Stock options      
Stock-based compensation      
Total stock-based compensation expense $ 0 $ 0 $ 19
v3.25.4
STOCK-BASED COMPENSATION - OPTIONS (Details) - Stock options - USD ($)
$ / shares in Units, $ in Thousands
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2025
Dec. 31, 2024
Dec. 31, 2023
Number of Shares      
Outstanding at the beginning of the period (in shares) 8,061    
Exercised (in shares) (5,829)    
Forfeited (in shares) 0    
Granted (in shares) 0 0 0
Outstanding at the end of the period (in shares) 2,232 8,061  
Exercisable at the end of the period (in shares) 2,232    
Weighted- Average Exercise Price      
Outstanding at the beginning of the period (in dollars per share) $ 89.83    
Exercised (in dollars per share) 72.78    
Forfeited (in dollars per share) 0    
Granted (in dollars per share) 0    
Outstanding at the end of the period (in dollars per share) 134.36 $ 89.83  
Exercisable at the end of the period (in dollars per share) $ 134.36    
Weighted- Average Remaining Contractual Life (Years)      
Outstanding at the end of the period 4 years 3 months 18 days    
Exercisable at the end of the period 4 years 3 months 18 days    
Aggregate Intrinsic Value (in thousands)      
Outstanding at the end of the period $ 196    
Exercisable at the end of the period $ 196    
Sandstorm      
Number of Shares      
Outstanding at the beginning of the period (in shares) 0    
Assumed options as part of Sandstorm acquisition (in shares) 710,780    
Exercised (in shares) (166,979)    
Forfeited (in shares) 0    
Outstanding at the end of the period (in shares) 543,801 0  
Exercisable at the end of the period (in shares) 543,801    
Weighted- Average Exercise Price      
Outstanding at the beginning of the period (in dollars per share) $ 0    
Assumed options as part of Sandstorm acquisition (in dollars per share) 105.36    
Exercised (in dollars per share) 91.84    
Forfeited (in dollars per share) 0    
Outstanding at the end of the period (in dollars per share) 109.51 $ 0  
Exercisable at the end of the period (in dollars per share) $ 109.51    
Weighted- Average Remaining Contractual Life (Years)      
Outstanding at the end of the period 2 years 3 months 18 days    
Exercisable at the end of the period 2 years 3 months 18 days    
Aggregate Intrinsic Value (in thousands)      
Outstanding at the end of the period $ 61,330    
Exercisable at the end of the period $ 61,330    
v3.25.4
STOCK-BASED COMPENSATION - NON-OPTIONS (Details)
$ / shares in Units, $ in Thousands
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2025
USD ($)
$ / shares
shares
Stock appreciation rights  
Number of Shares  
Outstanding at the beginning of the period (in shares) | shares 128,386
Granted (in shares) | shares 0
Exercised (in shares) | shares (47,101)
Forfeited (in shares) | shares 0
Outstanding at the end of the period (in shares) | shares 81,285
Exercisable at the end of the period (in shares) | shares 81,285
Weighted- Average Exercise Price  
Non-vested at the beginning of the period (in dollars per share) | $ / shares $ 119.06
Assumed options as part of Sandstorm acquisition (in dollars per share) | $ / shares 104.61
Granted (in dollars per share) | $ / shares 0
Forfeited (in dollars per share) | $ / shares 0
Non-vested at the end of the period (in dollars per share) | $ / shares 127.44
Exercisable at the end of the period (in dollars per share) | $ / shares $ 127.44
Other than stock options, weighted-average remaining contractual life (in years)  
Outstanding at the end of the period 4 years
Exercisable at the end of the period 4 years
Aggregate Intrinsic Value  
Intrinsic value on outstanding shares | $ $ 7,710
Intrinsic value on exercisable shares | $ $ 7,710
Performance stock  
Number of Shares  
Outstanding at the beginning of the period (in shares) | shares 221,458
Granted (in shares) | shares 72,120
Vested (in shares) | shares (17,948)
Non-attainment (in shares) | shares (29,283)
Forfeited (in shares) | shares (11,547)
Outstanding at the end of the period (in shares) | shares 234,800
Weighted- Average Exercise Price  
Non-vested at the beginning of the period (in dollars per share) | $ / shares $ 124.26
Granted (in dollars per share) | $ / shares 184.36
Vested (in dollars per share) | $ / shares 148.89
Non-attainment (in dollars per share) | $ / shares 145.85
Forfeited (in dollars per share) | $ / shares 139.59
Non-vested at the end of the period (in dollars per share) | $ / shares $ 137.39
Restricted stock  
Number of Shares  
Outstanding at the beginning of the period (in shares) | shares 145,946
Granted (in shares) | shares 50,264
Vested (in shares) | shares (63,860)
Forfeited (in shares) | shares 0
Outstanding at the end of the period (in shares) | shares 132,350
Weighted- Average Exercise Price  
Non-vested at the beginning of the period (in dollars per share) | $ / shares $ 112.13
Granted (in dollars per share) | $ / shares 145.04
Vested (in dollars per share) | $ / shares 116.88
Forfeited (in dollars per share) | $ / shares 0
Non-vested at the end of the period (in dollars per share) | $ / shares $ 122.34
v3.25.4
EARNINGS PER SHARE ("EPS") (Details) - USD ($)
$ / shares in Units, $ in Thousands
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2025
Dec. 31, 2024
Dec. 31, 2023
Earnings Per Share [Abstract]      
Net income attributable to Royal Gold common stockholders $ 466,281 $ 332,023 $ 239,440
Weighted-average shares for basic EPS (in shares) 69,424,381 65,662,185 65,613,002
Effect of other dilutive securities 136,530 114,649 126,108
Weighted-average shares for diluted EPS (in shares) 69,560,911 65,776,834 65,739,110
Basic EPS (in dollars per share) $ 6.70 $ 5.04 $ 3.64
Diluted EPS (in dollars per share) $ 6.69 $ 5.04 $ 3.63
v3.25.4
INCOME TAXES - Expense (Benefit) (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Thousands
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2025
Dec. 31, 2024
Dec. 31, 2023
Income before income taxes      
United States $ 153,710 $ 127,366 $ 64,105
Foreign 420,156 298,726 218,035
Income before income taxes 573,866 426,092 282,140
Current:      
Federal 43,294 51,643 24,046
State (716) 715 (68)
Foreign 63,638 32,901 24,499
Total current income tax expense 106,216 85,259 48,477
Deferred and others:      
Federal 589 (92) (763)
State 104 (2) (14)
Foreign (4,619) 8,448 (5,692)
Total deferred and other income tax expense (benefit) (3,926) 8,354 (6,469)
Total income tax expense $ 102,290 $ 93,613 $ 42,008
v3.25.4
INCOME TAXES - Effective Income Tax Rate Reconciliation (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Thousands
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2025
Dec. 31, 2024
Dec. 31, 2023
Amount      
Income taxes at statutory rates $ 120,512 $ 89,479 $ 59,249
State income taxes, net of federal benefit 429 914 625
Additional recoverable basis (16,300)    
GILTI & subpart F, net of foreign tax credits 15,576 22,087 7,235
Foreign tax credits (10,944) (16,166) (8,598)
Excess depletion (2,548) (2,473) (2,259)
Statutory tax attributes to non-controlling interest (1,044) (74) (118)
Other (63)    
Other   884 1,421
Non-deductible acquisition cost 1,615 0 0
Total income tax expense $ 102,290 $ 93,613 $ 42,008
Rate      
Income taxes at statutory rates 21.00% 21.00% 21.00%
State income taxes, net of federal benefit 0.10% 0.20% 0.20%
GILTI & subpart F, net of foreign tax credits 2.70% 5.20% 2.60%
Foreign tax credits (1.90%) (3.80%) (3.10%)
Excess depletion (0.40%) (0.60%) (0.80%)
Excess depletion (0.20%) 0.00% 0.00%
Other 0.00%    
Other   0.20% 0.50%
Non-deductible acquisition cost 0.30% 0.00% 0.00%
Total income tax expense 17.80% 22.00% 14.90%
Canada      
Amount      
Withholding tax less foreign tax credits $ 7,619 $ 0 $ (92)
Change in valuation allowance 6,816 0 0
Non taxable income and expenses 7,979 (16) 22
Other $ 731 $ 1,382 $ 397
Rate      
Withholding tax less foreign tax credits 1.30% 0.00% 0.00%
Change in valuation allowance 1.20% 0.00% 0.00%
Non taxable income and expenses 1.40% 0.00% 0.00%
Other 0.10% 0.30% 0.10%
Switzerland      
Amount      
Change in valuation allowance $ 0 $ 0 $ (8,462)
Other 2,247 1,298 (1,024)
Statutory tax rate differential - federal (58,136) (37,273) (27,491)
Cantonal taxes 19,675 13,216 9,504
Additional recoverable basis $ (16,264) $ 0 $ 0
Rate      
Change in valuation allowance 0.00% 0.00% (3.00%)
Other 0.40% 0.30% (0.40%)
Statutory tax rate differential - federal (10.10%) (8.80%) (9.70%)
Cantonal taxes 3.40% 3.10% 3.40%
Additional recoverable basis (2.80%) 0.00% 0.00%
Mexico      
Amount      
Withholding taxes, net of refund $ 11,893 $ 15,656 $ 8,125
Rate      
Withholding taxes, net of refund 2.10% 3.70% 2.90%
Other foreign jurisdictions      
Amount      
Statutory tax rate differential - federal $ 315 $ 826 $ 293
Rate      
Statutory tax rate differential - federal 0.10% 0.20% 0.10%
United States      
Amount      
Change in valuation allowance $ (4,118) $ 3,873 $ 3,180
Rate      
Change in valuation allowance (0.70%) 0.90% 1.10%
v3.25.4
INCOME TAXES - Narrative (Details) - USD ($)
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2025
Dec. 31, 2024
Dec. 31, 2023
Effective Income Tax Rate Reconciliation [Line Items]      
Effective tax rate (as a percent) 17.80% 22.00% 14.90%
Additional recoverable basis $ (16,300,000)    
Non-deductible acquisition cost 1,615,000 $ 0 $ 0
Valuation allowance 86,747,000 44,656,000  
Net operating losses 54,455,000 5,863,000  
Operating loss carryforwards valuation allowance 2,700,000 2,200,000  
Unrecognized tax benefits 0 0  
Accrued income-tax-related interest and penalties 0 0 $ 0
United States And Canada      
Effective Income Tax Rate Reconciliation [Line Items]      
Non-deductible acquisition cost 2,900,000    
Mexico      
Effective Income Tax Rate Reconciliation [Line Items]      
Recovery of foreign withholding tax (11,000,000)    
Mt. Milligan      
Effective Income Tax Rate Reconciliation [Line Items]      
U.S. GILTI income tax expense   $ 13,000,000  
US Foreign      
Effective Income Tax Rate Reconciliation [Line Items]      
Valuation allowance 35,600,000    
Capital loss      
Effective Income Tax Rate Reconciliation [Line Items]      
Valuation allowance 8,700,000    
Mineral Properties      
Effective Income Tax Rate Reconciliation [Line Items]      
Valuation allowance 39,000,000    
Operating loss carryforwards      
Effective Income Tax Rate Reconciliation [Line Items]      
Valuation allowance 2,700,000    
Other tax carryforwards      
Effective Income Tax Rate Reconciliation [Line Items]      
Valuation allowance $ 700,000    
v3.25.4
INCOME TAXES - Income Tax Paid (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Thousands
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2025
Dec. 31, 2024
Dec. 31, 2023
Effective Income Tax Rate Reconciliation [Line Items]      
United States $ 41,111 $ 33,608 $ 14,261
Total cash taxes paid 95,348 72,108 50,303
Switzerland      
Effective Income Tax Rate Reconciliation [Line Items]      
Foreign, federal 21,859 15,794 17,070
Foreign, cantonal 8,616 3,502 1,967
Mexico      
Effective Income Tax Rate Reconciliation [Line Items]      
Foreign 11,187 12,058 10,160
Australia Pacific      
Effective Income Tax Rate Reconciliation [Line Items]      
Foreign 6,825 5,118 2,362
Other      
Effective Income Tax Rate Reconciliation [Line Items]      
Foreign $ 5,750 $ 2,028 $ 4,483
v3.25.4
INCOME TAXES - Deferred Tax Assets and Liabilities (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Thousands
Dec. 31, 2025
Dec. 31, 2024
Deferred tax assets:    
Stock-based compensation $ 3,229 $ 1,989
Net operating losses 54,455 5,863
Foreign tax credits 35,630 39,748
Amortizable tax goodwill 41,249 37,672
Other tax attributes 10,871 1,784
Capital losses 8,673 1,853
Lease liability 9,805 1,067
Other 1,896 1,788
Total deferred tax assets 165,808 91,764
Valuation allowance (86,747) (44,656)
Net deferred tax assets 79,061 47,108
Deferred tax liabilities:    
Mineral property basis (1,117,909) (123,482)
Equity method investments (84,036) 0
Marketable securities (6,941) 0
Lease right-of-use asset (8,913) (930)
Other (793) (836)
Total deferred tax liabilities (1,218,592) (125,248)
Total net deferred taxes $ (1,139,531) $ (78,140)
v3.25.4
SUPPLEMENTAL CASH FLOW INFORMATION (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Thousands
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2025
Dec. 31, 2024
Dec. 31, 2023
Cash paid during the period for:      
Interest $ 19,484 $ 6,593 $ 28,054
Income taxes, net of refunds 95,348 72,108 50,303
Non-cash investing and financing activities:      
Share issuance to Sandstorm shareholders 3,597,560 0 0
Sandstorm assumed stock options 80,602 0 0
Dividends declared $ 129,101 $ 108,556 $ 100,232
v3.25.4
FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Thousands
Dec. 31, 2025
Dec. 31, 2024
Fair Value Disclosure, Asset and Liability, Not Measured at Fair Value [Line Items]    
Available-for-sale equity securities $ 120,814 $ 6
Available-for-sale debt securities 52,066 0
Level 1    
Fair Value Disclosure, Asset and Liability, Not Measured at Fair Value [Line Items]    
Available-for-sale equity securities 120,814 6
Available-for-sale debt securities 0  
Level 2    
Fair Value Disclosure, Asset and Liability, Not Measured at Fair Value [Line Items]    
Available-for-sale equity securities 0 0
Available-for-sale debt securities 52,066  
Level 3    
Fair Value Disclosure, Asset and Liability, Not Measured at Fair Value [Line Items]    
Available-for-sale equity securities 0 $ 0
Available-for-sale debt securities $ 0  
v3.25.4
MAJOR SOURCES OF REVENUE (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Thousands
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2025
Dec. 31, 2024
Dec. 31, 2023
Centerra      
Major sources of revenue      
Revenue $ 223,713 $ 186,039 $ 158,167
Centerra | Revenue from Contract with Customer Benchmark | Customer Concentration Risk      
Major sources of revenue      
Percentage of total revenue 21.70% 25.90% 26.10%
Barrick      
Major sources of revenue      
Revenue $ 132,623 $ 84,961 $ 75,259
Barrick | Revenue from Contract with Customer Benchmark | Customer Concentration Risk      
Major sources of revenue      
Percentage of total revenue 12.90% 11.80% 12.40%
Nevada Gold Mines      
Major sources of revenue      
Revenue $ 79,121 $ 79,473 $ 101,870
Nevada Gold Mines | Revenue from Contract with Customer Benchmark | Customer Concentration Risk      
Major sources of revenue      
Percentage of total revenue 7.70% 11.00% 16.80%
v3.25.4
SEGMENT INFORMATION (Details)
$ in Thousands
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2025
USD ($)
segment
Dec. 31, 2024
USD ($)
Dec. 31, 2023
USD ($)
Long Lived Assets and Pre-Tax Income by Geographical Information      
Number of reportable segments | segment 2    
Stream and royalty interests, net (Note 5) $ 8,583,875 $ 3,042,804  
Revenue 1,030,471 719,395 $ 605,717
Cost of sales 130,926 97,514 90,523
Production taxes 8,605 6,622 7,294
Depletion 176,610 144,085 164,506
Total segment gross profit 714,330 471,174 343,394
Revenue Benchmark | Customer Concentration Risk | Bank of Montreal      
Long Lived Assets and Pre-Tax Income by Geographical Information      
Revenue $ 386,900 $ 248,700 $ 311,600
Percentage of total revenue 38.00% 35.00% 51.00%
Revenue Benchmark | Customer Concentration Risk | StoneX      
Long Lived Assets and Pre-Tax Income by Geographical Information      
Revenue $ 272,500 $ 204,800 $ 61,100
Percentage of total revenue 26.00% 28.00% 10.00%
North America      
Long Lived Assets and Pre-Tax Income by Geographical Information      
Stream and royalty interests, net (Note 5) $ 3,049,731 $ 2,239,912  
EMEA      
Long Lived Assets and Pre-Tax Income by Geographical Information      
Stream and royalty interests, net (Note 5) 2,580,184 249,386  
South and Central America      
Long Lived Assets and Pre-Tax Income by Geographical Information      
Stream and royalty interests, net (Note 5) 2,891,831 534,241  
Australia Pacific      
Long Lived Assets and Pre-Tax Income by Geographical Information      
Stream and royalty interests, net (Note 5) 62,129 19,265  
Stream interest      
Long Lived Assets and Pre-Tax Income by Geographical Information      
Stream and royalty interests, net (Note 5) 4,544,742 1,253,170  
Revenue 686,472 483,294 $ 418,280
Cost of sales 130,926 97,514 90,523
Production taxes 0 0 0
Depletion 112,858 102,800 121,121
Total segment gross profit 442,688 282,980 206,636
Stream interest | North America      
Long Lived Assets and Pre-Tax Income by Geographical Information      
Stream and royalty interests, net (Note 5) 1,214,810 719,765  
Revenue 440,738 314,860 273,208
Stream interest | EMEA      
Long Lived Assets and Pre-Tax Income by Geographical Information      
Stream and royalty interests, net (Note 5) 2,270,717 249,065  
Revenue 137,281 82,132 70,757
Stream interest | South and Central America      
Long Lived Assets and Pre-Tax Income by Geographical Information      
Stream and royalty interests, net (Note 5) 1,045,620 284,340  
Revenue 107,444 86,302 74,315
Stream interest | Australia Pacific      
Long Lived Assets and Pre-Tax Income by Geographical Information      
Stream and royalty interests, net (Note 5) 13,595 0  
Revenue 1,009 0 0
Royalty interest      
Long Lived Assets and Pre-Tax Income by Geographical Information      
Stream and royalty interests, net (Note 5) 4,039,133 1,789,634  
Revenue 343,999 236,101 187,437
Cost of sales 0 0 0
Production taxes 8,605 6,622 7,294
Depletion 63,752 41,285 43,385
Total segment gross profit 271,642 188,194 136,758
Royalty interest | North America      
Long Lived Assets and Pre-Tax Income by Geographical Information      
Stream and royalty interests, net (Note 5) 1,834,921 1,520,147  
Revenue 263,332 192,999 162,155
Royalty interest | EMEA      
Long Lived Assets and Pre-Tax Income by Geographical Information      
Stream and royalty interests, net (Note 5) 309,467 321  
Revenue 2,199 0 535
Royalty interest | South and Central America      
Long Lived Assets and Pre-Tax Income by Geographical Information      
Stream and royalty interests, net (Note 5) 1,846,211 249,901  
Revenue 38,119 14,136 5,736
Royalty interest | Australia Pacific      
Long Lived Assets and Pre-Tax Income by Geographical Information      
Stream and royalty interests, net (Note 5) 48,534 19,265  
Revenue $ 40,349 $ 28,966 $ 19,011
v3.25.4
SEGMENT INFORMATION - Reconciliation (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Thousands
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2025
Dec. 31, 2024
Dec. 31, 2023
Segment Reporting [Abstract]      
Total segment gross profit $ 714,330 $ 471,174 $ 343,394
Costs and expenses      
General and administrative expenses 49,183 40,934 39,761
Depreciation and amortization 472 341 431
Acquisition related costs 26,508 0 0
Operating income 638,167 429,899 303,202
Fair value changes in equity securities 327 (66) (147)
Loss on sale of marketable securities (50,017) 0 0
Interest and other income 14,411 6,008 9,952
Interest and other expense (29,022) (9,749) (30,867)
Income before income taxes $ 573,866 $ 426,092 $ 282,140
v3.25.4
COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES (Details)
$ in Thousands
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2025
USD ($)
Warintza Project Stream and Royalty  
Commitments and Contingencies  
Conditional funding from acquisition $ 100,000
Ilovica  
Commitments and Contingencies  
Conditional funding from acquisition $ 163,750